ref15.csv 7.0 MB

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869870871872873874875876877878879880881882883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897898899900901902903904905906907908909910911912913914915916917918919920921922923924925926927928929930931932933934935936937938939940941942943944945946947948949950951952953954955956957958959960961962963964965966967968969970971972973974975976977978979980981982983984985986987988989990991992993994995996997998999100010011002100310041005100610071008100910101011101210131014101510161017101810191020102110221023102410251026102710281029103010311032103310341035103610371038103910401041104210431044104510461047104810491050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065106610671068106910701071107210731074107510761077107810791080108110821083108410851086108710881089109010911092109310941095109610971098109911001101110211031104110511061107110811091110111111121113111411151116111711181119112011211122112311241125112611271128112911301131113211331134113511361137113811391140114111421143114411451146114711481149115011511152115311541155115611571158115911601161116211631164116511661167116811691170117111721173117411751176117711781179118011811182118311841185118611871188118911901191119211931194119511961197119811991200120112021203120412051206120712081209121012111212121312141215121612171218121912201221122212231224122512261227122812291230123112321233123412351236123712381239124012411242124312441245124612471248124912501251125212531254125512561257125812591260126112621263126412651266126712681269127012711272127312741275127612771278127912801281128212831284128512861287128812891290129112921293129412951296129712981299130013011302130313041305130613071308130913101311131213131314131513161317131813191320132113221323132413251326132713281329133013311332133313341335133613371338133913401341134213431344134513461347134813491350135113521353135413551356135713581359136013611362136313641365136613671368136913701371137213731374137513761377137813791380138113821383138413851386138713881389139013911392139313941395139613971398139914001401140214031404140514061407140814091410141114121413141414151416141714181419142014211422142314241425142614271428142914301431143214331434143514361437143814391440144114421443144414451446144714481449145014511452145314541455145614571458145914601461146214631464146514661467146814691470147114721473147414751476147714781479148014811482148314841485148614871488148914901491149214931494149514961497149814991500150115021503150415051506150715081509151015111512151315141515151615171518151915201521152215231524152515261527152815291530153115321533153415351536153715381539154015411542154315441545154615471548154915501551155215531554155515561557155815591560156115621563156415651566156715681569157015711572157315741575157615771578157915801581158215831584158515861587158815891590159115921593159415951596159715981599160016011602160316041605160616071608160916101611161216131614161516161617161816191620162116221623162416251626162716281629163016311632163316341635163616371638163916401641164216431644164516461647164816491650165116521653165416551656165716581659166016611662166316641665166616671668166916701671167216731674167516761677167816791680168116821683168416851686168716881689169016911692169316941695169616971698169917001701170217031704170517061707170817091710171117121713171417151716171717181719172017211722172317241725172617271728172917301731173217331734173517361737173817391740174117421743174417451746174717481749175017511752175317541755175617571758175917601761176217631764176517661767176817691770177117721773177417751776177717781779178017811782178317841785178617871788178917901791179217931794179517961797179817991800180118021803180418051806180718081809181018111812181318141815181618171818181918201821182218231824182518261827182818291830183118321833183418351836183718381839184018411842184318441845184618471848184918501851185218531854185518561857185818591860186118621863186418651866186718681869187018711872187318741875187618771878187918801881188218831884188518861887188818891890189118921893189418951896189718981899190019011902190319041905190619071908190919101911191219131914191519161917191819191920192119221923192419251926192719281929193019311932193319341935193619371938193919401941194219431944194519461947194819491950195119521953195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202920302031203220332034203520362037203820392040204120422043204420452046204720482049205020512052205320542055205620572058205920602061206220632064206520662067206820692070207120722073207420752076207720782079208020812082208320842085208620872088208920902091209220932094209520962097209820992100210121022103210421052106210721082109211021112112211321142115211621172118211921202121212221232124212521262127212821292130213121322133213421352136213721382139214021412142214321442145214621472148214921502151215221532154215521562157215821592160216121622163216421652166216721682169217021712172217321742175217621772178217921802181218221832184218521862187218821892190219121922193219421952196219721982199220022012202220322042205220622072208220922102211221222132214221522162217221822192220222122222223222422252226222722282229223022312232223322342235223622372238223922402241224222432244224522462247224822492250225122522253225422552256225722582259226022612262226322642265226622672268226922702271227222732274227522762277227822792280228122822283228422852286228722882289229022912292229322942295229622972298229923002301230223032304230523062307230823092310231123122313231423152316231723182319232023212322232323242325232623272328232923302331233223332334233523362337233823392340234123422343234423452346234723482349235023512352235323542355235623572358235923602361236223632364236523662367236823692370237123722373237423752376237723782379238023812382238323842385238623872388238923902391239223932394239523962397239823992400240124022403240424052406240724082409241024112412241324142415241624172418241924202421242224232424242524262427242824292430243124322433243424352436243724382439244024412442244324442445244624472448244924502451245224532454245524562457245824592460246124622463246424652466246724682469247024712472247324742475247624772478247924802481248224832484248524862487248824892490249124922493249424952496249724982499250025012502250325042505250625072508250925102511251225132514251525162517251825192520252125222523252425252526252725282529253025312532253325342535253625372538253925402541254225432544254525462547254825492550255125522553255425552556255725582559256025612562256325642565256625672568256925702571257225732574257525762577257825792580258125822583258425852586258725882589259025912592259325942595259625972598259926002601260226032604260526062607260826092610261126122613261426152616261726182619262026212622262326242625262626272628262926302631263226332634263526362637263826392640264126422643264426452646264726482649265026512652265326542655265626572658265926602661266226632664266526662667266826692670267126722673267426752676267726782679268026812682268326842685268626872688268926902691269226932694269526962697269826992700270127022703270427052706270727082709271027112712271327142715271627172718271927202721272227232724272527262727272827292730273127322733273427352736273727382739274027412742274327442745274627472748274927502751275227532754275527562757275827592760276127622763276427652766276727682769277027712772277327742775277627772778277927802781278227832784278527862787278827892790279127922793279427952796279727982799280028012802280328042805280628072808280928102811281228132814281528162817281828192820282128222823282428252826282728282829283028312832283328342835283628372838283928402841284228432844284528462847284828492850285128522853285428552856285728582859286028612862286328642865286628672868286928702871287228732874287528762877287828792880288128822883288428852886288728882889289028912892289328942895289628972898289929002901290229032904290529062907290829092910291129122913291429152916291729182919292029212922292329242925292629272928292929302931293229332934293529362937293829392940294129422943294429452946294729482949295029512952295329542955295629572958295929602961296229632964296529662967296829692970297129722973297429752976297729782979298029812982298329842985298629872988298929902991299229932994299529962997299829993000300130023003300430053006300730083009301030113012301330143015301630173018301930203021302230233024302530263027302830293030303130323033303430353036303730383039304030413042304330443045304630473048304930503051305230533054305530563057305830593060306130623063306430653066306730683069307030713072307330743075307630773078307930803081308230833084308530863087308830893090309130923093309430953096309730983099310031013102310331043105310631073108310931103111311231133114311531163117311831193120312131223123312431253126312731283129313031313132313331343135313631373138313931403141314231433144314531463147314831493150315131523153315431553156315731583159316031613162316331643165316631673168316931703171317231733174317531763177317831793180318131823183318431853186318731883189319031913192319331943195319631973198319932003201320232033204320532063207320832093210321132123213321432153216321732183219322032213222322332243225322632273228322932303231323232333234323532363237323832393240324132423243324432453246324732483249325032513252325332543255325632573258325932603261326232633264326532663267326832693270327132723273327432753276327732783279328032813282328332843285328632873288328932903291329232933294329532963297329832993300330133023303330433053306330733083309331033113312331333143315331633173318331933203321332233233324332533263327332833293330333133323333333433353336333733383339334033413342334333443345334633473348334933503351335233533354335533563357335833593360336133623363336433653366336733683369337033713372337333743375337633773378337933803381338233833384338533863387338833893390339133923393339433953396339733983399340034013402340334043405340634073408340934103411341234133414341534163417341834193420342134223423342434253426342734283429343034313432343334343435343634373438343934403441344234433444344534463447344834493450345134523453345434553456345734583459346034613462346334643465346634673468346934703471347234733474347534763477347834793480348134823483348434853486348734883489349034913492349334943495349634973498349935003501350235033504350535063507350835093510351135123513351435153516351735183519352035213522352335243525352635273528352935303531353235333534353535363537353835393540354135423543354435453546354735483549355035513552355335543555355635573558355935603561356235633564356535663567356835693570357135723573357435753576357735783579358035813582358335843585358635873588358935903591359235933594359535963597359835993600360136023603360436053606360736083609361036113612361336143615361636173618361936203621362236233624362536263627362836293630363136323633363436353636363736383639364036413642364336443645364636473648364936503651365236533654365536563657365836593660366136623663366436653666366736683669367036713672367336743675367636773678367936803681368236833684368536863687368836893690369136923693369436953696369736983699370037013702370337043705370637073708370937103711371237133714371537163717371837193720372137223723372437253726372737283729373037313732373337343735373637373738373937403741374237433744374537463747374837493750375137523753375437553756375737583759376037613762376337643765376637673768376937703771377237733774377537763777377837793780378137823783378437853786378737883789379037913792379337943795379637973798379938003801380238033804380538063807380838093810381138123813381438153816381738183819382038213822382338243825382638273828382938303831383238333834383538363837383838393840384138423843384438453846384738483849385038513852385338543855385638573858385938603861386238633864386538663867386838693870387138723873387438753876387738783879388038813882388338843885388638873888388938903891389238933894389538963897389838993900390139023903390439053906390739083909391039113912391339143915391639173918391939203921392239233924392539263927392839293930393139323933393439353936393739383939394039413942394339443945394639473948394939503951395239533954395539563957395839593960396139623963396439653966396739683969397039713972397339743975397639773978397939803981398239833984398539863987398839893990399139923993399439953996399739983999400040014002400340044005400640074008400940104011401240134014401540164017401840194020402140224023402440254026402740284029403040314032403340344035403640374038403940404041404240434044404540464047404840494050405140524053405440554056405740584059406040614062406340644065406640674068406940704071407240734074407540764077407840794080408140824083408440854086408740884089409040914092409340944095409640974098409941004101410241034104410541064107410841094110411141124113411441154116411741184119412041214122412341244125412641274128412941304131413241334134413541364137413841394140414141424143414441454146414741484149415041514152415341544155415641574158415941604161416241634164416541664167416841694170417141724173417441754176417741784179418041814182418341844185418641874188418941904191419241934194419541964197419841994200420142024203420442054206420742084209421042114212421342144215421642174218421942204221422242234224422542264227422842294230423142324233423442354236423742384239424042414242424342444245424642474248424942504251425242534254425542564257425842594260426142624263426442654266426742684269427042714272427342744275427642774278427942804281428242834284428542864287428842894290429142924293429442954296429742984299430043014302430343044305430643074308430943104311431243134314431543164317431843194320432143224323432443254326432743284329433043314332433343344335433643374338433943404341434243434344434543464347434843494350435143524353435443554356435743584359436043614362436343644365436643674368436943704371437243734374437543764377437843794380438143824383438443854386438743884389439043914392439343944395439643974398439944004401440244034404440544064407440844094410441144124413441444154416441744184419442044214422442344244425442644274428442944304431443244334434443544364437443844394440444144424443444444454446444744484449445044514452445344544455445644574458445944604461446244634464446544664467446844694470447144724473447444754476447744784479448044814482448344844485448644874488448944904491449244934494449544964497449844994500450145024503450445054506450745084509451045114512451345144515451645174518451945204521452245234524452545264527452845294530453145324533453445354536453745384539454045414542454345444545454645474548454945504551455245534554455545564557455845594560456145624563456445654566456745684569457045714572457345744575457645774578457945804581458245834584458545864587458845894590459145924593459445954596459745984599460046014602460346044605460646074608460946104611461246134614461546164617461846194620462146224623462446254626462746284629463046314632463346344635463646374638463946404641464246434644464546464647464846494650465146524653465446554656465746584659466046614662466346644665466646674668466946704671467246734674467546764677467846794680468146824683468446854686468746884689469046914692469346944695469646974698469947004701470247034704470547064707470847094710471147124713471447154716471747184719472047214722472347244725472647274728472947304731473247334734473547364737473847394740474147424743474447454746474747484749475047514752475347544755475647574758475947604761476247634764476547664767476847694770477147724773477447754776477747784779478047814782478347844785478647874788478947904791479247934794479547964797479847994800480148024803480448054806480748084809481048114812481348144815481648174818481948204821482248234824482548264827482848294830483148324833483448354836483748384839484048414842484348444845484648474848484948504851485248534854485548564857485848594860486148624863486448654866486748684869487048714872487348744875487648774878487948804881488248834884488548864887488848894890489148924893489448954896489748984899490049014902490349044905490649074908490949104911491249134914491549164917491849194920492149224923492449254926492749284929493049314932493349344935493649374938493949404941494249434944494549464947494849494950495149524953495449554956495749584959496049614962496349644965496649674968496949704971497249734974497549764977497849794980498149824983498449854986498749884989499049914992499349944995499649974998499950005001500250035004500550065007500850095010501150125013501450155016501750185019502050215022502350245025502650275028502950305031503250335034503550365037503850395040504150425043504450455046504750485049505050515052505350545055505650575058505950605061506250635064506550665067506850695070507150725073507450755076507750785079508050815082508350845085508650875088508950905091509250935094509550965097509850995100510151025103510451055106510751085109511051115112511351145115511651175118511951205121512251235124512551265127512851295130513151325133513451355136513751385139514051415142514351445145514651475148514951505151515251535154515551565157515851595160516151625163516451655166516751685169517051715172517351745175517651775178517951805181518251835184518551865187518851895190519151925193519451955196519751985199520052015202520352045205520652075208520952105211521252135214521552165217521852195220522152225223522452255226522752285229523052315232523352345235523652375238523952405241524252435244524552465247524852495250525152525253525452555256525752585259526052615262526352645265526652675268526952705271527252735274527552765277527852795280528152825283528452855286528752885289529052915292529352945295529652975298529953005301530253035304530553065307530853095310531153125313531453155316531753185319532053215322532353245325532653275328532953305331533253335334533553365337533853395340534153425343534453455346534753485349535053515352535353545355535653575358535953605361536253635364536553665367536853695370537153725373537453755376537753785379538053815382538353845385538653875388538953905391539253935394539553965397539853995400540154025403540454055406540754085409541054115412541354145415541654175418541954205421542254235424542554265427542854295430543154325433543454355436543754385439544054415442544354445445544654475448544954505451545254535454545554565457545854595460546154625463546454655466546754685469547054715472547354745475547654775478547954805481548254835484548554865487548854895490549154925493549454955496549754985499550055015502550355045505550655075508550955105511551255135514551555165517551855195520552155225523552455255526552755285529553055315532553355345535553655375538553955405541554255435544554555465547554855495550555155525553555455555556555755585559556055615562556355645565556655675568556955705571557255735574557555765577557855795580558155825583558455855586558755885589559055915592559355945595559655975598559956005601560256035604560556065607560856095610561156125613561456155616561756185619562056215622562356245625562656275628562956305631563256335634563556365637563856395640564156425643564456455646564756485649565056515652565356545655565656575658565956605661566256635664566556665667566856695670567156725673567456755676567756785679568056815682568356845685568656875688568956905691569256935694569556965697569856995700570157025703570457055706570757085709571057115712571357145715571657175718571957205721572257235724572557265727572857295730573157325733573457355736573757385739574057415742574357445745574657475748574957505751575257535754575557565757575857595760576157625763576457655766576757685769577057715772577357745775577657775778577957805781578257835784578557865787578857895790579157925793579457955796579757985799580058015802580358045805580658075808580958105811581258135814581558165817581858195820582158225823582458255826582758285829583058315832583358345835583658375838583958405841584258435844584558465847584858495850585158525853585458555856585758585859586058615862586358645865586658675868586958705871587258735874587558765877587858795880588158825883588458855886588758885889589058915892589358945895589658975898589959005901590259035904590559065907590859095910591159125913591459155916591759185919592059215922592359245925592659275928592959305931593259335934593559365937593859395940594159425943594459455946594759485949595059515952595359545955595659575958595959605961596259635964596559665967596859695970597159725973597459755976597759785979598059815982598359845985598659875988598959905991599259935994599559965997599859996000600160026003600460056006600760086009601060116012601360146015601660176018601960206021602260236024602560266027602860296030603160326033603460356036603760386039604060416042604360446045604660476048604960506051605260536054605560566057605860596060606160626063606460656066606760686069607060716072607360746075607660776078607960806081608260836084608560866087608860896090609160926093609460956096609760986099610061016102610361046105610661076108610961106111611261136114611561166117611861196120612161226123612461256126612761286129613061316132613361346135613661376138613961406141614261436144614561466147614861496150615161526153615461556156615761586159616061616162616361646165616661676168616961706171617261736174617561766177617861796180618161826183618461856186618761886189619061916192619361946195619661976198619962006201620262036204620562066207620862096210621162126213621462156216621762186219622062216222622362246225622662276228622962306231623262336234623562366237623862396240624162426243624462456246624762486249625062516252625362546255625662576258625962606261626262636264626562666267626862696270627162726273627462756276627762786279628062816282628362846285628662876288628962906291629262936294629562966297629862996300630163026303630463056306630763086309631063116312631363146315631663176318631963206321632263236324632563266327632863296330633163326333633463356336633763386339634063416342634363446345634663476348634963506351635263536354635563566357635863596360636163626363636463656366636763686369637063716372637363746375637663776378637963806381638263836384638563866387638863896390639163926393639463956396639763986399640064016402640364046405640664076408640964106411641264136414641564166417641864196420642164226423642464256426642764286429643064316432643364346435643664376438643964406441644264436444644564466447644864496450645164526453645464556456645764586459646064616462646364646465646664676468646964706471647264736474647564766477647864796480648164826483648464856486648764886489649064916492649364946495649664976498649965006501650265036504650565066507650865096510651165126513651465156516651765186519652065216522652365246525652665276528652965306531653265336534653565366537653865396540654165426543654465456546654765486549655065516552655365546555655665576558655965606561656265636564656565666567656865696570657165726573657465756576657765786579658065816582658365846585658665876588658965906591659265936594659565966597659865996600660166026603660466056606660766086609661066116612661366146615661666176618661966206621662266236624662566266627662866296630663166326633663466356636663766386639664066416642664366446645664666476648664966506651665266536654665566566657665866596660666166626663666466656666666766686669667066716672667366746675667666776678667966806681668266836684668566866687668866896690669166926693669466956696669766986699670067016702670367046705670667076708670967106711671267136714671567166717671867196720672167226723672467256726672767286729673067316732673367346735673667376738673967406741674267436744674567466747674867496750675167526753675467556756675767586759676067616762676367646765676667676768676967706771677267736774677567766777677867796780678167826783678467856786678767886789679067916792679367946795679667976798679968006801680268036804680568066807680868096810681168126813681468156816681768186819682068216822682368246825682668276828682968306831683268336834683568366837683868396840684168426843684468456846684768486849685068516852685368546855685668576858685968606861686268636864686568666867686868696870687168726873687468756876687768786879688068816882688368846885688668876888688968906891689268936894689568966897689868996900690169026903690469056906690769086909691069116912691369146915691669176918691969206921692269236924692569266927692869296930693169326933693469356936693769386939694069416942694369446945694669476948694969506951695269536954695569566957695869596960696169626963696469656966696769686969697069716972697369746975697669776978697969806981698269836984698569866987698869896990699169926993699469956996699769986999700070017002700370047005700670077008700970107011701270137014701570167017701870197020702170227023702470257026702770287029703070317032703370347035703670377038703970407041704270437044704570467047704870497050705170527053705470557056705770587059706070617062706370647065706670677068706970707071707270737074707570767077707870797080708170827083708470857086708770887089709070917092709370947095709670977098709971007101710271037104710571067107710871097110711171127113711471157116711771187119712071217122712371247125712671277128712971307131713271337134713571367137713871397140714171427143714471457146714771487149715071517152715371547155715671577158715971607161716271637164716571667167716871697170717171727173717471757176717771787179718071817182718371847185718671877188718971907191719271937194719571967197719871997200720172027203720472057206720772087209721072117212721372147215721672177218721972207221722272237224722572267227722872297230723172327233723472357236723772387239724072417242724372447245724672477248724972507251725272537254725572567257725872597260726172627263726472657266726772687269727072717272727372747275727672777278727972807281728272837284728572867287728872897290729172927293729472957296729772987299730073017302730373047305730673077308730973107311731273137314731573167317731873197320732173227323732473257326732773287329733073317332733373347335733673377338733973407341734273437344734573467347734873497350735173527353735473557356735773587359736073617362736373647365736673677368736973707371737273737374737573767377737873797380738173827383738473857386738773887389739073917392739373947395739673977398739974007401740274037404740574067407740874097410741174127413741474157416741774187419742074217422742374247425742674277428742974307431743274337434743574367437743874397440744174427443744474457446744774487449745074517452745374547455745674577458745974607461746274637464746574667467746874697470747174727473747474757476747774787479748074817482748374847485748674877488748974907491749274937494749574967497749874997500750175027503750475057506750775087509751075117512751375147515751675177518751975207521752275237524752575267527752875297530753175327533753475357536753775387539754075417542754375447545754675477548754975507551755275537554755575567557755875597560756175627563756475657566756775687569757075717572757375747575757675777578757975807581758275837584758575867587758875897590759175927593759475957596759775987599760076017602760376047605760676077608760976107611761276137614761576167617761876197620762176227623762476257626762776287629763076317632763376347635763676377638763976407641764276437644764576467647764876497650765176527653765476557656765776587659766076617662766376647665766676677668766976707671767276737674767576767677767876797680768176827683768476857686768776887689769076917692769376947695769676977698769977007701770277037704770577067707770877097710771177127713771477157716771777187719772077217722772377247725772677277728772977307731773277337734773577367737773877397740774177427743774477457746774777487749775077517752775377547755775677577758775977607761776277637764776577667767776877697770777177727773777477757776777777787779778077817782778377847785778677877788778977907791779277937794779577967797779877997800780178027803780478057806780778087809781078117812781378147815781678177818781978207821782278237824782578267827782878297830783178327833783478357836783778387839784078417842784378447845784678477848784978507851785278537854785578567857785878597860786178627863786478657866786778687869787078717872787378747875787678777878787978807881788278837884788578867887788878897890789178927893789478957896789778987899790079017902790379047905790679077908790979107911791279137914791579167917791879197920792179227923792479257926792779287929793079317932793379347935793679377938793979407941794279437944794579467947794879497950795179527953795479557956795779587959796079617962796379647965796679677968796979707971797279737974797579767977797879797980798179827983798479857986798779887989799079917992799379947995799679977998799980008001800280038004800580068007800880098010801180128013801480158016801780188019802080218022802380248025802680278028802980308031803280338034803580368037803880398040804180428043804480458046804780488049805080518052805380548055805680578058805980608061806280638064806580668067806880698070807180728073807480758076807780788079808080818082808380848085808680878088808980908091809280938094809580968097809880998100810181028103810481058106810781088109811081118112811381148115811681178118811981208121812281238124812581268127812881298130813181328133813481358136813781388139814081418142814381448145814681478148814981508151815281538154815581568157815881598160816181628163816481658166816781688169817081718172817381748175817681778178817981808181818281838184818581868187818881898190819181928193819481958196819781988199820082018202820382048205820682078208820982108211821282138214821582168217821882198220822182228223822482258226822782288229823082318232823382348235823682378238823982408241824282438244824582468247824882498250825182528253825482558256825782588259826082618262826382648265826682678268826982708271827282738274827582768277827882798280828182828283828482858286828782888289829082918292829382948295829682978298829983008301830283038304830583068307830883098310831183128313831483158316831783188319832083218322832383248325832683278328832983308331833283338334833583368337833883398340834183428343834483458346834783488349835083518352835383548355835683578358835983608361836283638364836583668367836883698370837183728373837483758376837783788379838083818382838383848385838683878388838983908391839283938394839583968397839883998400840184028403840484058406840784088409841084118412841384148415841684178418841984208421842284238424842584268427842884298430843184328433843484358436843784388439844084418442844384448445844684478448844984508451845284538454845584568457845884598460846184628463846484658466846784688469847084718472847384748475847684778478847984808481848284838484848584868487848884898490849184928493849484958496849784988499850085018502850385048505850685078508850985108511851285138514851585168517851885198520852185228523852485258526852785288529853085318532853385348535853685378538853985408541854285438544854585468547854885498550855185528553855485558556855785588559856085618562856385648565856685678568856985708571857285738574857585768577857885798580858185828583858485858586858785888589859085918592859385948595859685978598859986008601860286038604860586068607860886098610861186128613861486158616861786188619862086218622862386248625862686278628862986308631863286338634863586368637863886398640864186428643864486458646864786488649865086518652865386548655865686578658865986608661866286638664866586668667866886698670867186728673867486758676867786788679868086818682868386848685868686878688868986908691869286938694869586968697869886998700870187028703870487058706870787088709871087118712871387148715871687178718871987208721872287238724872587268727872887298730873187328733873487358736873787388739874087418742874387448745874687478748874987508751875287538754875587568757875887598760876187628763876487658766876787688769877087718772877387748775877687778778877987808781878287838784878587868787878887898790879187928793879487958796879787988799880088018802880388048805880688078808880988108811881288138814881588168817881888198820882188228823882488258826882788288829883088318832883388348835883688378838883988408841884288438844884588468847884888498850885188528853885488558856885788588859886088618862886388648865886688678868886988708871887288738874887588768877887888798880888188828883888488858886888788888889889088918892889388948895889688978898889989008901890289038904890589068907890889098910891189128913891489158916891789188919892089218922892389248925892689278928892989308931893289338934893589368937893889398940894189428943894489458946894789488949895089518952895389548955895689578958895989608961896289638964896589668967896889698970897189728973897489758976897789788979898089818982898389848985898689878988898989908991899289938994899589968997899889999000900190029003900490059006900790089009901090119012901390149015901690179018901990209021902290239024902590269027902890299030903190329033903490359036903790389039904090419042904390449045904690479048904990509051905290539054905590569057905890599060906190629063906490659066906790689069907090719072907390749075907690779078907990809081908290839084908590869087908890899090909190929093909490959096909790989099910091019102910391049105910691079108910991109111911291139114911591169117911891199120912191229123912491259126912791289129913091319132913391349135913691379138913991409141914291439144914591469147914891499150915191529153915491559156915791589159916091619162916391649165916691679168916991709171917291739174917591769177917891799180918191829183918491859186918791889189919091919192919391949195919691979198919992009201920292039204920592069207920892099210921192129213921492159216921792189219922092219222922392249225922692279228922992309231923292339234923592369237923892399240924192429243924492459246924792489249925092519252925392549255925692579258925992609261926292639264926592669267926892699270927192729273927492759276927792789279928092819282928392849285928692879288928992909291929292939294929592969297929892999300930193029303930493059306930793089309931093119312931393149315931693179318931993209321932293239324932593269327932893299330933193329333933493359336933793389339934093419342934393449345934693479348934993509351935293539354935593569357935893599360936193629363936493659366936793689369937093719372937393749375937693779378937993809381938293839384938593869387938893899390939193929393939493959396939793989399940094019402940394049405940694079408940994109411941294139414941594169417941894199420942194229423942494259426942794289429943094319432943394349435943694379438943994409441944294439444944594469447944894499450945194529453945494559456945794589459946094619462946394649465946694679468946994709471947294739474947594769477947894799480948194829483948494859486948794889489949094919492949394949495949694979498949995009501950295039504950595069507950895099510951195129513951495159516951795189519952095219522952395249525952695279528952995309531953295339534953595369537953895399540954195429543954495459546954795489549955095519552955395549555955695579558955995609561956295639564956595669567956895699570957195729573957495759576957795789579958095819582958395849585958695879588958995909591959295939594959595969597959895999600960196029603960496059606960796089609961096119612961396149615961696179618961996209621962296239624962596269627962896299630963196329633963496359636963796389639964096419642964396449645964696479648964996509651965296539654965596569657965896599660966196629663966496659666966796689669967096719672967396749675967696779678967996809681968296839684968596869687968896899690969196929693969496959696969796989699970097019702970397049705970697079708970997109711971297139714971597169717971897199720972197229723972497259726972797289729973097319732973397349735973697379738973997409741974297439744974597469747974897499750975197529753975497559756975797589759976097619762976397649765976697679768976997709771977297739774977597769777977897799780978197829783978497859786978797889789979097919792979397949795979697979798979998009801980298039804980598069807980898099810981198129813981498159816981798189819982098219822982398249825982698279828982998309831983298339834983598369837983898399840984198429843984498459846984798489849985098519852985398549855985698579858985998609861986298639864986598669867986898699870987198729873987498759876987798789879988098819882988398849885988698879888988998909891989298939894989598969897989898999900990199029903990499059906990799089909991099119912991399149915991699179918991999209921992299239924992599269927992899299930993199329933993499359936993799389939994099419942994399449945994699479948994999509951995299539954995599569957995899599960996199629963996499659966996799689969997099719972997399749975997699779978997999809981998299839984998599869987998899899990999199929993999499959996999799989999100001000110002100031000410005100061000710008100091001010011100121001310014100151001610017100181001910020100211002210023100241002510026100271002810029100301003110032100331003410035100361003710038100391004010041100421004310044100451004610047100481004910050100511005210053100541005510056100571005810059100601006110062100631006410065100661006710068100691007010071100721007310074100751007610077100781007910080100811008210083100841008510086100871008810089100901009110092100931009410095100961009710098100991010010101101021010310104101051010610107101081010910110101111011210113101141011510116101171011810119101201012110122101231012410125101261012710128101291013010131101321013310134101351013610137101381013910140101411014210143101441014510146101471014810149101501015110152101531015410155101561015710158101591016010161101621016310164101651016610167101681016910170101711017210173101741017510176101771017810179101801018110182101831018410185101861018710188101891019010191101921019310194101951019610197101981019910200102011020210203102041020510206102071020810209102101021110212102131021410215102161021710218102191022010221102221022310224102251022610227102281022910230102311023210233102341023510236102371023810239102401024110242102431024410245102461024710248102491025010251102521025310254102551025610257102581025910260102611026210263102641026510266102671026810269102701027110272102731027410275102761027710278102791028010281102821028310284102851028610287102881028910290102911029210293102941029510296102971029810299103001030110302103031030410305103061030710308103091031010311103121031310314103151031610317103181031910320103211032210323103241032510326103271032810329103301033110332103331033410335103361033710338103391034010341103421034310344103451034610347103481034910350103511035210353103541035510356103571035810359103601036110362103631036410365103661036710368103691037010371103721037310374103751037610377103781037910380103811038210383103841038510386103871038810389103901039110392103931039410395103961039710398103991040010401104021040310404104051040610407104081040910410104111041210413104141041510416104171041810419104201042110422104231042410425104261042710428104291043010431104321043310434104351043610437104381043910440104411044210443104441044510446104471044810449104501045110452104531045410455104561045710458104591046010461104621046310464104651046610467104681046910470104711047210473104741047510476104771047810479104801048110482104831048410485104861048710488104891049010491104921049310494104951049610497104981049910500105011050210503105041050510506105071050810509105101051110512105131051410515105161051710518105191052010521105221052310524105251052610527105281052910530105311053210533105341053510536105371053810539105401054110542105431054410545105461054710548105491055010551105521055310554105551055610557105581055910560105611056210563105641056510566105671056810569105701057110572105731057410575105761057710578105791058010581105821058310584105851058610587105881058910590105911059210593105941059510596105971059810599106001060110602106031060410605106061060710608106091061010611106121061310614106151061610617106181061910620106211062210623106241062510626106271062810629106301063110632106331063410635106361063710638106391064010641106421064310644106451064610647106481064910650106511065210653106541065510656106571065810659106601066110662106631066410665106661066710668106691067010671106721067310674106751067610677106781067910680106811068210683106841068510686106871068810689106901069110692106931069410695106961069710698106991070010701107021070310704107051070610707107081070910710107111071210713107141071510716107171071810719107201072110722107231072410725107261072710728107291073010731107321073310734107351073610737107381073910740107411074210743107441074510746107471074810749107501075110752107531075410755107561075710758107591076010761107621076310764107651076610767107681076910770107711077210773107741077510776107771077810779107801078110782107831078410785107861078710788107891079010791107921079310794107951079610797107981079910800108011080210803108041080510806108071080810809108101081110812108131081410815108161081710818108191082010821108221082310824108251082610827108281082910830108311083210833108341083510836108371083810839108401084110842108431084410845108461084710848108491085010851108521085310854108551085610857108581085910860108611086210863108641086510866108671086810869108701087110872108731087410875108761087710878108791088010881108821088310884108851088610887108881088910890108911089210893108941089510896108971089810899109001090110902109031090410905109061090710908109091091010911109121091310914109151091610917109181091910920109211092210923109241092510926109271092810929109301093110932109331093410935109361093710938109391094010941109421094310944109451094610947109481094910950109511095210953109541095510956109571095810959109601096110962109631096410965109661096710968109691097010971109721097310974109751097610977109781097910980109811098210983109841098510986109871098810989109901099110992109931099410995109961099710998109991100011001110021100311004110051100611007110081100911010110111101211013110141101511016110171101811019110201102111022110231102411025110261102711028110291103011031110321103311034110351103611037110381103911040110411104211043110441104511046110471104811049110501105111052110531105411055110561105711058110591106011061110621106311064110651106611067110681106911070110711107211073110741107511076110771107811079110801108111082110831108411085110861108711088110891109011091110921109311094110951109611097110981109911100111011110211103111041110511106111071110811109111101111111112111131111411115111161111711118111191112011121111221112311124111251112611127111281112911130111311113211133111341113511136111371113811139111401114111142111431114411145111461114711148111491115011151111521115311154111551115611157111581115911160111611116211163111641116511166111671116811169111701117111172111731117411175111761117711178111791118011181111821118311184111851118611187111881118911190111911119211193111941119511196111971119811199112001120111202112031120411205112061120711208112091121011211112121121311214112151121611217112181121911220112211122211223112241122511226112271122811229112301123111232112331123411235112361123711238112391124011241112421124311244112451124611247112481124911250112511125211253112541125511256112571125811259112601126111262112631126411265112661126711268112691127011271112721127311274112751127611277112781127911280112811128211283112841128511286112871128811289112901129111292112931129411295112961129711298112991130011301113021130311304113051130611307113081130911310113111131211313113141131511316113171131811319113201132111322113231132411325113261132711328113291133011331113321133311334113351133611337113381133911340113411134211343113441134511346113471134811349113501135111352113531135411355113561135711358113591136011361113621136311364113651136611367113681136911370113711137211373113741137511376113771137811379113801138111382113831138411385113861138711388113891139011391113921139311394113951139611397113981139911400114011140211403114041140511406114071140811409114101141111412114131141411415114161141711418114191142011421114221142311424114251142611427114281142911430114311143211433114341143511436114371143811439114401144111442114431144411445114461144711448114491145011451114521145311454114551145611457114581145911460114611146211463114641146511466114671146811469114701147111472114731147411475114761147711478114791148011481114821148311484114851148611487114881148911490114911149211493114941149511496114971149811499115001150111502115031150411505115061150711508115091151011511115121151311514115151151611517115181151911520115211152211523115241152511526115271152811529115301153111532115331153411535115361153711538115391154011541115421154311544115451154611547115481154911550115511155211553115541155511556115571155811559115601156111562115631156411565115661156711568115691157011571115721157311574115751157611577115781157911580115811158211583115841158511586115871158811589115901159111592115931159411595115961159711598115991160011601116021160311604116051160611607116081160911610116111161211613116141161511616116171161811619116201162111622116231162411625116261162711628116291163011631116321163311634116351163611637116381163911640116411164211643116441164511646116471164811649116501165111652116531165411655116561165711658116591166011661116621166311664116651166611667116681166911670116711167211673116741167511676116771167811679116801168111682116831168411685116861168711688116891169011691116921169311694116951169611697116981169911700117011170211703117041170511706117071170811709117101171111712117131171411715117161171711718117191172011721117221172311724117251172611727117281172911730117311173211733117341173511736117371173811739117401174111742117431174411745117461174711748117491175011751117521175311754117551175611757117581175911760117611176211763117641176511766117671176811769117701177111772117731177411775117761177711778117791178011781117821178311784117851178611787117881178911790117911179211793117941179511796117971179811799118001180111802118031180411805118061180711808118091181011811118121181311814118151181611817118181181911820118211182211823118241182511826118271182811829118301183111832118331183411835118361183711838118391184011841118421184311844118451184611847118481184911850118511185211853118541185511856118571185811859118601186111862118631186411865118661186711868118691187011871118721187311874118751187611877118781187911880118811188211883118841188511886118871188811889118901189111892118931189411895118961189711898118991190011901119021190311904119051190611907119081190911910119111191211913119141191511916119171191811919119201192111922119231192411925119261192711928119291193011931119321193311934119351193611937119381193911940119411194211943119441194511946119471194811949119501195111952119531195411955119561195711958119591196011961119621196311964119651196611967119681196911970119711197211973119741197511976119771197811979119801198111982119831198411985119861198711988119891199011991119921199311994119951199611997119981199912000120011200212003120041200512006120071200812009120101201112012120131201412015120161201712018120191202012021120221202312024120251202612027120281202912030120311203212033120341203512036120371203812039120401204112042120431204412045120461204712048120491205012051120521205312054120551205612057120581205912060120611206212063120641206512066120671206812069120701207112072120731207412075120761207712078120791208012081120821208312084120851208612087120881208912090120911209212093120941209512096120971209812099121001210112102121031210412105121061210712108121091211012111121121211312114121151211612117121181211912120121211212212123121241212512126121271212812129121301213112132121331213412135121361213712138121391214012141121421214312144121451214612147121481214912150121511215212153121541215512156121571215812159121601216112162121631216412165121661216712168121691217012171121721217312174121751217612177121781217912180121811218212183121841218512186121871218812189121901219112192121931219412195121961219712198121991220012201122021220312204122051220612207122081220912210122111221212213122141221512216122171221812219122201222112222122231222412225122261222712228122291223012231122321223312234122351223612237122381223912240122411224212243122441224512246122471224812249122501225112252122531225412255122561225712258122591226012261122621226312264122651226612267122681226912270122711227212273122741227512276122771227812279122801228112282122831228412285122861228712288122891229012291122921229312294122951229612297122981229912300123011230212303123041230512306123071230812309123101231112312123131231412315123161231712318123191232012321123221232312324123251232612327123281232912330123311233212333123341233512336123371233812339123401234112342123431234412345123461234712348123491235012351123521235312354123551235612357123581235912360123611236212363123641236512366123671236812369123701237112372123731237412375123761237712378123791238012381123821238312384123851238612387123881238912390123911239212393123941239512396123971239812399124001240112402124031240412405124061240712408124091241012411124121241312414124151241612417124181241912420124211242212423124241242512426124271242812429124301243112432124331243412435124361243712438124391244012441124421244312444124451244612447124481244912450124511245212453124541245512456124571245812459124601246112462124631246412465124661246712468124691247012471124721247312474124751247612477124781247912480124811248212483124841248512486124871248812489124901249112492124931249412495124961249712498124991250012501125021250312504125051250612507125081250912510125111251212513125141251512516125171251812519125201252112522125231252412525125261252712528125291253012531125321253312534125351253612537125381253912540125411254212543125441254512546125471254812549125501255112552125531255412555125561255712558125591256012561125621256312564125651256612567125681256912570125711257212573125741257512576125771257812579125801258112582125831258412585125861258712588125891259012591125921259312594125951259612597125981259912600126011260212603126041260512606126071260812609126101261112612126131261412615126161261712618126191262012621126221262312624126251262612627126281262912630126311263212633126341263512636126371263812639126401264112642126431264412645126461264712648126491265012651126521265312654126551265612657126581265912660126611266212663126641266512666126671266812669126701267112672126731267412675126761267712678126791268012681126821268312684126851268612687126881268912690126911269212693126941269512696126971269812699127001270112702127031270412705127061270712708127091271012711127121271312714127151271612717127181271912720127211272212723127241272512726127271272812729127301273112732127331273412735127361273712738127391274012741127421274312744127451274612747127481274912750127511275212753127541275512756127571275812759127601276112762127631276412765127661276712768127691277012771127721277312774127751277612777127781277912780127811278212783127841278512786127871278812789127901279112792127931279412795127961279712798127991280012801128021280312804128051280612807128081280912810128111281212813128141281512816128171281812819128201282112822128231282412825128261282712828128291283012831128321283312834128351283612837128381283912840128411284212843128441284512846128471284812849128501285112852128531285412855128561285712858128591286012861128621286312864128651286612867128681286912870128711287212873128741287512876128771287812879128801288112882128831288412885128861288712888128891289012891128921289312894128951289612897128981289912900129011290212903129041290512906129071290812909129101291112912129131291412915129161291712918129191292012921129221292312924129251292612927129281292912930129311293212933129341293512936129371293812939129401294112942129431294412945129461294712948129491295012951129521295312954129551295612957129581295912960129611296212963129641296512966129671296812969129701297112972129731297412975129761297712978129791298012981129821298312984129851298612987129881298912990129911299212993129941299512996129971299812999130001300113002130031300413005130061300713008130091301013011130121301313014130151301613017130181301913020130211302213023130241302513026130271302813029130301303113032130331303413035130361303713038130391304013041130421304313044130451304613047130481304913050130511305213053130541305513056130571305813059130601306113062130631306413065130661306713068130691307013071130721307313074130751307613077130781307913080130811308213083130841308513086130871308813089130901309113092130931309413095130961309713098130991310013101131021310313104131051310613107131081310913110131111311213113131141311513116131171311813119131201312113122131231312413125131261312713128131291313013131131321313313134131351313613137131381313913140131411314213143131441314513146131471314813149131501315113152131531315413155131561315713158131591316013161131621316313164131651316613167131681316913170131711317213173131741317513176131771317813179131801318113182131831318413185131861318713188131891319013191131921319313194131951319613197131981319913200132011320213203132041320513206132071320813209132101321113212132131321413215132161321713218132191322013221132221322313224132251322613227132281322913230132311323213233132341323513236132371323813239132401324113242132431324413245132461324713248132491325013251132521325313254132551325613257132581325913260132611326213263132641326513266132671326813269132701327113272132731327413275132761327713278132791328013281132821328313284132851328613287132881328913290132911329213293132941329513296132971329813299133001330113302133031330413305133061330713308133091331013311133121331313314133151331613317133181331913320133211332213323133241332513326133271332813329133301333113332133331333413335133361333713338133391334013341133421334313344133451334613347133481334913350133511335213353133541335513356133571335813359133601336113362133631336413365133661336713368133691337013371133721337313374133751337613377133781337913380133811338213383133841338513386133871338813389133901339113392133931339413395133961339713398133991340013401134021340313404134051340613407134081340913410134111341213413134141341513416134171341813419134201342113422134231342413425134261342713428134291343013431134321343313434134351343613437134381343913440134411344213443134441344513446134471344813449134501345113452134531345413455134561345713458134591346013461134621346313464134651346613467134681346913470134711347213473134741347513476134771347813479134801348113482134831348413485134861348713488134891349013491134921349313494134951349613497134981349913500135011350213503135041350513506135071350813509135101351113512135131351413515135161351713518135191352013521135221352313524135251352613527135281352913530135311353213533135341353513536135371353813539135401354113542135431354413545135461354713548135491355013551135521355313554135551355613557135581355913560135611356213563135641356513566135671356813569135701357113572135731357413575135761357713578135791358013581135821358313584135851358613587135881358913590135911359213593135941359513596135971359813599136001360113602136031360413605136061360713608136091361013611136121361313614136151361613617136181361913620136211362213623136241362513626136271362813629136301363113632136331363413635136361363713638136391364013641136421364313644136451364613647136481364913650136511365213653136541365513656136571365813659136601366113662136631366413665136661366713668136691367013671136721367313674136751367613677136781367913680136811368213683136841368513686136871368813689136901369113692136931369413695136961369713698136991370013701137021370313704137051370613707137081370913710137111371213713137141371513716137171371813719137201372113722137231372413725137261372713728137291373013731137321373313734137351373613737137381373913740137411374213743137441374513746137471374813749137501375113752137531375413755137561375713758137591376013761137621376313764137651376613767137681376913770137711377213773137741377513776137771377813779137801378113782137831378413785137861378713788137891379013791137921379313794137951379613797137981379913800138011380213803138041380513806138071380813809138101381113812138131381413815138161381713818138191382013821138221382313824138251382613827138281382913830138311383213833138341383513836138371383813839138401384113842138431384413845138461384713848138491385013851138521385313854138551385613857138581385913860138611386213863138641386513866138671386813869138701387113872138731387413875138761387713878138791388013881138821388313884138851388613887138881388913890138911389213893138941389513896138971389813899139001390113902139031390413905139061390713908139091391013911139121391313914139151391613917139181391913920139211392213923139241392513926139271392813929139301393113932139331393413935139361393713938139391394013941139421394313944139451394613947139481394913950139511395213953139541395513956139571395813959139601396113962139631396413965139661396713968139691397013971139721397313974139751397613977139781397913980139811398213983139841398513986139871398813989139901399113992139931399413995139961399713998139991400014001140021400314004140051400614007140081400914010140111401214013140141401514016140171401814019140201402114022140231402414025140261402714028140291403014031140321403314034140351403614037140381403914040140411404214043140441404514046140471404814049140501405114052140531405414055140561405714058140591406014061140621406314064140651406614067140681406914070140711407214073140741407514076140771407814079140801408114082140831408414085140861408714088140891409014091140921409314094140951409614097140981409914100141011410214103141041410514106141071410814109141101411114112141131411414115141161411714118141191412014121141221412314124141251412614127141281412914130141311413214133141341413514136141371413814139141401414114142141431414414145141461414714148141491415014151141521415314154141551415614157141581415914160141611416214163141641416514166141671416814169141701417114172141731417414175141761417714178141791418014181141821418314184141851418614187141881418914190141911419214193141941419514196141971419814199142001420114202142031420414205142061420714208142091421014211142121421314214142151421614217142181421914220142211422214223142241422514226142271422814229142301423114232142331423414235142361423714238142391424014241142421424314244142451424614247142481424914250142511425214253142541425514256142571425814259142601426114262142631426414265142661426714268142691427014271142721427314274142751427614277142781427914280142811428214283142841428514286142871428814289142901429114292142931429414295142961429714298142991430014301143021430314304143051430614307143081430914310143111431214313143141431514316143171431814319143201432114322143231432414325143261432714328143291433014331143321433314334143351433614337143381433914340143411434214343143441434514346143471434814349143501435114352143531435414355143561435714358143591436014361143621436314364143651436614367143681436914370143711437214373143741437514376143771437814379143801438114382143831438414385143861438714388143891439014391143921439314394143951439614397143981439914400144011440214403144041440514406144071440814409144101441114412144131441414415144161441714418144191442014421144221442314424144251442614427144281442914430144311443214433144341443514436144371443814439144401444114442144431444414445144461444714448144491445014451144521445314454144551445614457144581445914460144611446214463144641446514466144671446814469144701447114472144731447414475144761447714478144791448014481144821448314484144851448614487144881448914490144911449214493144941449514496144971449814499145001450114502145031450414505145061450714508145091451014511145121451314514145151451614517145181451914520145211452214523145241452514526145271452814529145301453114532145331453414535145361453714538145391454014541145421454314544145451454614547145481454914550145511455214553145541455514556145571455814559145601456114562145631456414565145661456714568145691457014571145721457314574145751457614577145781457914580145811458214583145841458514586145871458814589145901459114592145931459414595145961459714598145991460014601146021460314604146051460614607146081460914610146111461214613146141461514616146171461814619146201462114622146231462414625146261462714628146291463014631146321463314634146351463614637146381463914640146411464214643146441464514646146471464814649146501465114652146531465414655146561465714658146591466014661146621466314664146651466614667146681466914670146711467214673146741467514676146771467814679146801468114682146831468414685146861468714688146891469014691146921469314694146951469614697146981469914700147011470214703147041470514706147071470814709147101471114712147131471414715147161471714718147191472014721147221472314724147251472614727147281472914730147311473214733147341473514736147371473814739147401474114742147431474414745147461474714748147491475014751147521475314754147551475614757147581475914760147611476214763147641476514766147671476814769147701477114772147731477414775147761477714778147791478014781147821478314784147851478614787147881478914790147911479214793147941479514796147971479814799148001480114802148031480414805148061480714808148091481014811148121481314814148151481614817148181481914820148211482214823148241482514826148271482814829148301483114832148331483414835148361483714838148391484014841148421484314844148451484614847148481484914850148511485214853148541485514856148571485814859148601486114862148631486414865148661486714868148691487014871148721487314874148751487614877148781487914880148811488214883148841488514886148871488814889148901489114892148931489414895148961489714898148991490014901149021490314904149051490614907149081490914910149111491214913149141491514916149171491814919149201492114922149231492414925149261492714928149291493014931149321493314934149351493614937149381493914940149411494214943149441494514946149471494814949149501495114952149531495414955149561495714958149591496014961149621496314964149651496614967149681496914970149711497214973149741497514976149771497814979149801498114982149831498414985149861498714988149891499014991149921499314994149951499614997149981499915000150011500215003150041500515006150071500815009150101501115012150131501415015150161501715018150191502015021150221502315024150251502615027150281502915030150311503215033150341503515036150371503815039150401504115042150431504415045150461504715048150491505015051150521505315054150551505615057150581505915060150611506215063150641506515066150671506815069150701507115072150731507415075150761507715078150791508015081150821508315084150851508615087150881508915090150911509215093150941509515096150971509815099151001510115102151031510415105151061510715108151091511015111151121511315114151151511615117151181511915120151211512215123151241512515126151271512815129151301513115132151331513415135151361513715138151391514015141151421514315144151451514615147151481514915150151511515215153151541515515156151571515815159151601516115162151631516415165151661516715168151691517015171151721517315174151751517615177151781517915180151811518215183151841518515186151871518815189151901519115192151931519415195151961519715198151991520015201152021520315204152051520615207152081520915210152111521215213152141521515216152171521815219152201522115222152231522415225152261522715228152291523015231152321523315234152351523615237152381523915240152411524215243152441524515246152471524815249152501525115252152531525415255152561525715258152591526015261152621526315264152651526615267152681526915270152711527215273152741527515276152771527815279152801528115282152831528415285152861528715288152891529015291152921529315294152951529615297152981529915300153011530215303153041530515306153071530815309153101531115312153131531415315153161531715318153191532015321153221532315324153251532615327153281532915330153311533215333153341533515336153371533815339153401534115342153431534415345153461534715348153491535015351153521535315354153551535615357153581535915360153611536215363153641536515366153671536815369153701537115372153731537415375153761537715378153791538015381153821538315384153851538615387153881538915390153911539215393153941539515396153971539815399154001540115402154031540415405154061540715408154091541015411154121541315414154151541615417154181541915420154211542215423154241542515426154271542815429154301543115432154331543415435154361543715438154391544015441154421544315444154451544615447154481544915450154511545215453154541545515456154571545815459154601546115462154631546415465154661546715468154691547015471154721547315474154751547615477154781547915480154811548215483154841548515486154871548815489154901549115492154931549415495154961549715498154991550015501155021550315504155051550615507155081550915510155111551215513155141551515516155171551815519155201552115522155231552415525155261552715528155291553015531155321553315534155351553615537155381553915540155411554215543155441554515546155471554815549155501555115552155531555415555155561555715558155591556015561155621556315564155651556615567155681556915570155711557215573155741557515576155771557815579155801558115582155831558415585155861558715588155891559015591155921559315594155951559615597155981559915600156011560215603156041560515606156071560815609156101561115612156131561415615156161561715618156191562015621156221562315624156251562615627156281562915630156311563215633156341563515636156371563815639156401564115642156431564415645156461564715648156491565015651156521565315654156551565615657156581565915660156611566215663156641566515666156671566815669156701567115672156731567415675156761567715678156791568015681156821568315684156851568615687156881568915690156911569215693156941569515696156971569815699157001570115702157031570415705157061570715708157091571015711157121571315714157151571615717157181571915720157211572215723157241572515726157271572815729157301573115732157331573415735157361573715738157391574015741157421574315744157451574615747157481574915750157511575215753157541575515756157571575815759157601576115762157631576415765157661576715768157691577015771157721577315774157751577615777157781577915780157811578215783157841578515786157871578815789157901579115792157931579415795157961579715798157991580015801158021580315804158051580615807158081580915810158111581215813158141581515816158171581815819158201582115822158231582415825158261582715828158291583015831158321583315834158351583615837158381583915840158411584215843158441584515846158471584815849158501585115852158531585415855158561585715858158591586015861158621586315864158651586615867158681586915870158711587215873158741587515876158771587815879158801588115882158831588415885158861588715888158891589015891158921589315894158951589615897158981589915900159011590215903159041590515906159071590815909159101591115912159131591415915159161591715918159191592015921159221592315924159251592615927159281592915930159311593215933159341593515936159371593815939159401594115942159431594415945159461594715948159491595015951159521595315954159551595615957159581595915960159611596215963159641596515966159671596815969159701597115972159731597415975159761597715978159791598015981159821598315984159851598615987159881598915990159911599215993159941599515996159971599815999160001600116002160031600416005160061600716008160091601016011160121601316014160151601616017160181601916020160211602216023160241602516026160271602816029160301603116032160331603416035160361603716038160391604016041160421604316044160451604616047160481604916050160511605216053160541605516056160571605816059160601606116062160631606416065160661606716068160691607016071160721607316074160751607616077160781607916080160811608216083160841608516086160871608816089160901609116092160931609416095160961609716098160991610016101161021610316104161051610616107161081610916110161111611216113161141611516116161171611816119161201612116122161231612416125161261612716128161291613016131161321613316134161351613616137161381613916140161411614216143161441614516146161471614816149161501615116152161531615416155161561615716158
  1. 1,en,15,--ji,--ji,--ji,--Ji,(adj.-suffix) [From jayati to conquer] winning,victorious:saṅgāma° victorious in fight,in saṅgāmaj’uttama “greatest of conquerors” Dh.103; sabba° S.IV,83. (Page 283),4,1
  2. 2,en,15,--m-,--m-,--m-,--M-,euphonic consonant inserted between two vowels to avoid hiatus,as <i>agga-m-agga</i> the best of all Vin.IV,232; <i>aṅga-m-aṅgāni</i> limb by limb Vin.III,119; Vv 38<sup>2</sup>,etc. See also S.III,254 (yena-m-idh’ekacco); Dh.34 (oka-mokata ubbhato); Sn.765 (aññatra-m-ariyehi); Nd<sup>1</sup> 269 (dvaye-m-eva); J.I,29 (asīti-hattha-m-ubbedha,for hatth’ubbedha); III,387 (katattho-m-anubujjhati); V,72 (orena-m-āgama); VI,266 (pacchā-m-anutappati); SnA 309 (rāg’ādi-m-anekappakāraṃ). -- On wrong syllable division through Sandhi-m-,and thus origin of specific Pali forms see <i>māsati</i>. (Page 511),4,1
  3. 3,en,15,--ma,--mā,--mā,--Mā,[the short form of <i>māsa</i>,direct der<sup>n</sup> fr. <em>mā</em><i>:</i> see mināti] see <i>puṇṇa-mā</i>. (Page 527),4,1
  4. 4,en,15,--matika,--mātika,--mātika,--Mātika,(adj.) [fr. mātā,Sk. mātṛka] --mother; in <i>mata°</i> one whose mother is dead,lit. a “dead-mother-ed,” J.II,131; III,213. Also neg. <i>amātika</i> without a mother J.V,251. (Page 528),8,1
  5. 5,en,15,--nu,--ñū,--ñū,--Ñū,(-ññū) (adj.-suffix) [Sk. --<em> jñā</em>,from jānāti,<i>*gn:</i> cp. P. gū›Sk. ga] knowing,recognizing,acknowledging,in ughaṭita°,kata°,kāla°,khaṇa°,matta°,ratta°,vara°,vipacita°,veda°,sabba°,etc. (q. v.)--fem. abstr. °Qutā in same combinations. (Page 288),4,1
  6. 33,en,15,-d-,-d-,-d-,-D-,euphonic consonant inserted to avoid hiatus:(a) orig. only sandhi-cons. in forms ending in t &#38; d (like tāvat,kocid,etc.) &#38; thus restored in cpds. where the simplex has lost it; (b) then also transferred to &#38; replacing other sandhi-cons. (like puna-d-eva for punar eva). ‹-› (a) dvipa-d-uttama Sn.995; koci-d-eva PvA.153; kincid-eva ibid. 70; tāva-d-eva ib. 74; yāva-d-atthaṃ ib. 217; ahu-d-eva Miln.22 etc. -- (b) puna-d-eva Pv.II,11<sup>3</sup> (v. l. BB); DhA.II,76; samma-d-eva Sn.p. 16; VvA.148; PvA.66 etc.; cp. SnA 284. bahu-d-eva J.I,170. (Page 311),3,1
  7. 37,en,15,-da,-da,-da,-Da,(adj.) [suffix of <em>dā</em>,see dadāti] giving,bestowing,presenting,only <i>--°</i>,as anna°,bala°,vaṇṇa°,sukha°,Sn.297; vara° Sn.234; kāma° J.VI,498; Pv.II,13<sup>8</sup>; ambu° giving water,i. e. a cloud Dāvs.V,32; amatamagga° Sdhp.1; uḷāraphala° ib. 26; maṃsa° Pgdp 49,etc. (Page 311),3,1
  8. 39,en,15,-dayin,-dāyin,-dāyin,-Dāyin,(adj.) [Sk. dāyin,of dadāti] giving,granting,bestowing PvA.121 (icchit’icchita°),157 (=[kāma] dada); Sdhp.214 (dānagga°). (Page 319),6,1
  9. 57,en,15,°ga,°ga,°ga,°Ga,[fr. <em>gam</em>] adj.,only as ending:going. See e. g. atiga,anuga,antalikkha°,ura°,pāra°,majjha°,samīpa°,hattha°. It also appears as °gu,e. g. in addha°,anta°,paṭṭha°,pāra°,veda°. -- dugga (m. &#38; nt.) a difficult road Dh.327=Miln.379; Pv.II,7<sup>8</sup> (=duggamana-ṭṭhāna PvA.102); II,9<sup>25</sup>; J.II,385. (Page 239),3,1
  10. 60,en,15,°gama,°gama,°gama,°Gama,1. adj. going,able to go; going to,leading to; in vihaṅgama going in the air Sn.221,606; Th.I,1108:J.I,216 (cp. gamana); aghasi° id. Vv 16<sup>1</sup> (=vehāsaṃ° VvA.78); nabhasi° going on clouds Sn.687; nibbāna° leading to N. S.V,11; dūraṃ° going far,hadayaṃ° going to one’s heart,q. v. -- 2. m. course,going to; in atthaṃ° going home,going to rest,etc.,q. v. (Page 245),5,1
  11. 63,en,15,°gamin,°gāmin,°gāmin,°Gāmin,(adj.) [from gacchati,<em>gam</em>] f. °iṇī,in composition °gāmi°. -- (a) going,walking,lit.:sīgha° walking quickly Sn.381; -- (b) leading to,making for,usually with magga or paṭipadā (gāminī),either lit. Pāṭaliputtagāmi-magga the road to P. Miln.17; or fig. of ways &#38; means connected w. one of the “gatis.” as apāya° DhA.III,175,udaya° paṭipadā S.V,361; nibbāna° dhamma Sn.233; amata-gāmi-magga S.V,8; udayatthagāmiṇī paññā A.V,15; dukkhanirodha° paṭipadā Vin.I,10; cp. ācaya° Dhs.584. 1013. Acc. <i>°gāminaṃ</i>:khemaṃ Amata° M.I,508; brahmacariyaṃ:nibbān’ogadha° It.28,29; dukkhûpasama° maggaṃ Sn.724= Dh.191; niraya° maggaṃ Sn.277,ThA.243. Or <i>°gāmiṃ</i>:Sn.233,381. (Page 249),6,1
  12. 67,en,15,°gavesaka,°gavesaka,°gavesaka,°Gavesaka,(adj. fr. next) looking for,seeking J.I,176 (kāraṇa°); II,3 (aguṇa°). (Page 247),9,1
  13. 68,en,15,°gha,°gha,°gha,°Gha,(adj.-suffix to <em>ghan</em>) killing,destroying,see hanati. -- iṇagha at Sn.246 is v. l. SS for iṇaghāta. Cp. paṭi° &#38; see also ghana<sup>2</sup> &#38; ghāta. (Page 256),4,1
  14. 107,en,15,°khattum,°khattuṃ,°khattuṃ,°Khattuṃ,[Sk. °kṛtvah,cp. °kad] in comp<sup>n</sup> with numerals “times”:dvikkhattuṃ,tikkhattuṃ,etc.; twice,three times,etc. (Page 232),8,1
  15. 146,en,15,°pa,°pa,°pa,°Pa,(adj.) [Cp. Ved. °pa,adj. base of <i>pā</i> to drink,as °ga fr. <em>gam</em> or °ṭha fr. <em>sthā</em>] drinking; only in foll. cpds.:dhenu° drinking of the cow,suckling calf M.I,79; Sn.26 (=dhenuṃ pivanto SnA 39); -- <i>pāda°</i> a tree (lit. drinking with its feet,cp. expl<sup>n</sup> at PvA.251 “pādasadisehi mūl’âvayavehi udakassa pivanato pādapo ti”) Pv IV.3<sup>9</sup>; -- <i>majja°</i> drinking intoxicants Sn.400; Pv IV.1<sup>77</sup> (a°). (Page 378),3,1
  16. 148,en,15,-r-,-r-,-r-,-R-,the letter (or sound) <i>r</i>,used as euphonic consonant to avoid hiatus. The sandhi --r- originates from the final r of nouns in °ir &#38; °ur of the Vedic period. In Pali it is felt as euphonic consonant only,like other sandhi consonants (y for instance) which in the older language were part of the noun itself. Thus r even where it is legitimate in a word may interchange with other sandhi-consonants in the same word,as we find punam-eva and puna-d-eva besides the original puna-r-eva (=Vedic punar eva). At J.I,403 we read “punar āgata,” where the C. expl<sup>s</sup> “puna āgata,ra-kāro sandhivasena vutto.” Similarly:Sn.81 (vutti-r-esā),214 (thambho-r.-iva),625=Dh.401 (āragge-r-iva),679 (ati-r-iva),687 (sarada-r-iva),1134 (haṃsa-r-iva); Vv 64<sup>22</sup> (Vajir’āvudho-r-iva); Pv.II,8<sup>7</sup> (puna-r-eva) II.11<sup>6</sup> (id.); PvA.77 (su-r-abhigandha). In the latter cause the r has no historical origin,as little as in the phrase <i>dhir atthu</i> (for *dhig-atthu) Sn.440; J.I,59. (Page 560),3,1
  17. 153,en,15,-s-,-s-,-s-,-S-,a euphonic --s- seems to occur in comb<sup>n</sup> ras-agga-saggin (see rasa<sup>2</sup>). An apparent hiatus --s in ye s-idha Sn.1083,and evaṃ s-ahaṃ Sn.1134 (v. l.) may be an abbreviated su° (see su<sup>2</sup>),unless we take it as a misspelling for p. (Page 655),3,1
  18. 174,en,15,-t-,-t-,-t-,-T-,as composition-consonant (see Müller pp. 62,63,on euphonic cons.) especially with agge (after,from),in ajja-t-agge,tama-t-agge,dahara-t-agge A.V,300; cp. deva ta-t-uttari for tad-uttari A.III,287,314,316. (Page 291),3,1
  19. 188,en,15,°tha,°ṭha,°ṭha,°Ṭha,(°ṭṭha) (adj.-suffix) [from tiṭṭhati] standing,as opposed to either lying down or moving; located,being based on,founded on (e. g. appa° based on little D.I,143):see kappa° (lasting a k.),kūṭa° (immovable),gaha° (founding a house,householder),dhamma°,nava°,vehāsa° (=vihan-ga). -- (n.) a stand i. e. a place for:goṭṭha a stable. (Page 289),4,1
  20. 205,en,15,-v-,-v-,-v-,-V-,euphonic (sandhi-) consonant,historically justified after u (uv from older v),as in su-v-ānaya easy to bring (S.I,124); hence transferred to i,as in ti-v-aṅgika threefold (Dhs.161),and ti-v-aṅgula three inches wide (Vism.152,408); perhaps also in anu-v-icca (see anuvicca). (Page 590),3,1
  21. 212,en,15,-y-,-y-,-y-,-Y-,comb<sup>n</sup> consonant (sandhi),inserted (euphonically) between 2 vowels for the avoidance of hiatus. It has arisen purely phonetically from i as a sort of “gliding” or semi-vowel within a word,where the syllable division was in regular speech more openly felt than in the written language,e. g. pari-y-āpanna (Pāli) corresponds to Sk. pary-āpanna,similarly pari-y-osāna=Sk. paryosāna. Thus inserted after<i> a</i> before<i> i </i>or<i> e</i>:chay-imā disā D.III,188; ta-y-idaṃ Sn.1077; Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup>; tava-y-idaṃ Sn.352; na-y-idaṃ S.II,278; mama-y-idaṃ Sn.806; na-y-idha Sn.790; mā-y-idha Vin.I,54; yassay-etādisī pajā D.II,267 (v. l. ss for T yassa-s-etādisī); satiyā-y-etaṃ adhivacanaṃ M.II,260; na-y-imassa Pv IV.1<sup>2</sup>. -- After i before a:pāvisi-y-assamaṃ J.V,405; khaṇi-y-asmani J.III,433; yā-y-aññaṃ J.I,429 (where C. expl<sup>s</sup>:ya-kāro paṭisandhi-karo). -- Cp. yeva for eva. -- Note. At J.VI,106 ya-y-ime jane is to be taken as <i>ye ime</i> jane; the spelling <i>ay</i> for <i>e</i> being found elsewhere as well. Cp. the following ta-y-ime jane. (Page 543),3,1
  22. 234,en,15,a-,a-,A-,A-,<sup>4</sup> the sound a (<i>a-kāra</i>) J.VI,328,552; VvA.279,307,311. (Page 1),2,1
  23. 235,en,15,a-,a-,A-,A-,<sup>3</sup> [Vedic a-; Idg. *e (Loc. of pron. stem,cp. ayaṃ; orig. a deictic adv. with specific reference to the past,cp. Sk sma); Gr. e)--; also in Gr. e)keί,Lat. equidem,enim] the augment (sign of action in the past),prefixed to the root in pret.,aor. &#38; cond. tenses; often omitted in ordinary prose. See forms under each verb; cp. also <i>ajja</i>. Identical with this <i>a-</i> is the <i>a-</i> which functions as base of some pron. forms like <i>ato</i>,<i> attha</i>,<i> asu</i> etc. (q. v.). (Page 1),2,1
  24. 236,en,15,a-,a-,A-,A-,<sup>2</sup> <i>(an-</i> before vowels) [Vedic a-,an-; Idg. * n̊,gradation form to *ne (see na<sup>2</sup>); Gr. a),a)n-; Lat. *en-,in-; Goth.,Ohg. &#38; Ags. un-; Oir. an-,in-] neg. part. prefixed to (1) nouns and adjectives; (2) verbal forms,used like (1),whether part.,ger.,grd. or inf.; (3) finite verbal forms. In comp<sup>n</sup>. with words having originally two initial cons. the latter reappear in their assimilated form (e. g. appaṭicchavin). In meaning it equals <i>na-</i>,<i> nir-</i> and <i>vi-</i>. Often we find it opp. to <i>sa-</i>. Verbal negatives which occur in specific verb. function will be enum<sup>d</sup>. separately,while examples of neg. form. of (1) &#38; (2) are given under their positive form unless the neg. involves a distinctly new concept,or if its form is likely to lead to confusion or misunderstanding. -- Concerning the combining &#38; contrasting (orig. neg.) <i>--a- (â)</i> in redupl. formations like <i>bhavâ-bhava</i> see <i>ā<sup>4</sup></i>. (Page 1),2,1
  25. 237,en,15,a-,a-,A-,A-,<sup>1</sup> the prep. <i>ā</i> shortened before double cons.,as <i>akkosati (ā + </i><em>kruś</em><i>)</i>,<i> akkhāti (ā + </i><em>khyā</em><i>)</i>,<i> abbahati (ā + </i><em>bṛh</em><i>)</i>. -- Best to be classed here is the <i>a-</i> we call expletive. It represents a reduction of <i>ā-</i> (mostly before liquids and nasals and with single consonant instead of double). Thus <i>anantaka</i> (for <i>ā-nantaka = nantaka</i>) Vv.80<sup>7</sup>; <i>amajjapa</i> (for <i>ā-majjapa = majjapa</i>) J.VI,328; <i>amāpaya</i> (for <i>āmāpaya = māpaya</i>) J.VI,518; <i>apassato (= passantassa)</i> J.VI,552. (Page 1),2,1
  26. 258,en,15,a°,ā°,°,°,<sup>4</sup> infix in repetition-cpds. denoting accumulation or variety (by contrast with the opposite,cp. ā<sup>1</sup> 3<sup>b</sup>),constitutes a guṇa- or increment-form of neg. pref. a (see a<sup>2</sup>),as in foll.:<i>phalâphala</i> all sorts of fruit (lit. what is fruit &#38; not fruit) freq. in Jātakas,e. g. I.416; II,160; III,127; IV,220,307,449; V,313; VI,520; <i>kāraṇâkāraṇāni</i> all sorts of duties J.VI,333; DhA.I,385; <i>khaṇḍâkhaṇḍa</i> pêle-mêle J.I,114; III,256; <i>gaṇḍâgaṇḍa</i> a mass of boils DhA.III,297; <i>cirâciraṃ</i> continually Vin.IV,261; <i>bhavâbhava</i> all kinds of existences Sn.801,cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 109; Nd<sup>2</sup> 664; Th.1,784 (°esu = mahant-âmahantesu bh. C.,see Brethren 305); rūpârūpa the whole aggregate ThA.285; etc. (Page 93),2,1
  27. 259,en,15,a°,ā°,°,°,<sup>3</sup> of various other origins (guṇa e. g. of ṛ or lengthening of ordinary root a°),rare,as ālinda (for alinda),āsabha (fr. usabha). (Page 93),2,1
  28. 260,en,15,a°,ā°,°,°,<sup>2</sup> guṇa or increment of a° in connection with such suffixes as -ya,-iya,-itta. So in āyasakya fr. ayasaka; āruppa from arūpa; ārogya fr. aroga; ālasiya fr. alasa; ādhipacca fr. adhipati; ābhidosika fr. abhidosa etc. (Page 93),2,1
  29. 261,en,15,a,ā,Ā,Ā,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [Vedic ā,prep. with Acc.,Loc.,Abl.,meaning “to,towards”, &#38; also “from”. Orig. an emphatic-deictic part. (Idg. *ē) = Gr. h]_ surely,really; Ohg. --ā etc.,increment of a (Idg. *e),as in Sk. a-sau; Gr. ekeί (cp. a<sup>3</sup>),see Brugmann,Kurze Vergl. Gr. 464,465] a frequent prefix,used as well-defined simple base-prefix (with rootderivations),but not as modification (i. e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam-ā-dhi) except in one case ā-ni-saṃsa (which is doubtful &#38; of diff. origin,viz. from comb<sup>n.</sup> āsaṃsa-nisaṃsa,see below 3<sup>b</sup>). It denotes either touch (contact) or a personal (close) relation to the object (ā ti anussaraṇ’atthe nipāto PvA.165),or the aim of the action expressed in the verb. -- (1.) As prep. c. Abl. only in J in meaning “up to,until,about,near” J.VI,192 (ā sahassehi = yāva s. C.),prob. a late development. As pref. in meaning “forth,out,to,towards,at,on” in foll. applications:-- (a) aim in general or touch in particular (lit.),e. g. ākaḍḍhati pull to,along or up; °kāsa shining forth; °koṭeti knock at; °gacchati go towards; °camati rinse over; °neti bring towards,ad-duce; °bhā shining forth; °bhujati bend in; °masati touch at; °yata stretched out; °rabhati at-tempt; °rohana a-scending; °laya hanging on; °loketi look at; °vattati ad-vert; °vahati bring to; °vāsa dwelling at; °sādeti touch; °sīdati sit by; °hanati strike at. -- (b) in reflexive function:close relation to subject or person actively concerned,e. g. ādāti take on or up (to oneself); °dāsa looking at,mirror; °dhāra support; °nandati rejoice; °nisaṃsa subjective gain; °bādha being affected; °modita pleased; °rakkha guarding; °rādhita satisfied; °rāma (personal) delight in; °lingati embrace (to oneself); °hāra taking to (oneself). -- (c) in transitive function:close relation to the object passively concerned,e. g. āghātana killing; °carati indulge in; °cikkhati point ont,explain; °jīva living on; °ṇāpeti give an order to somebody; °disati point out to some one; °bhindati cut; °manteti ad-dress; °yācati pray to; °roceti speak to; siñcati besprinkle; °sevati indulge in. -- (d) out of meaning (a) develops that of an intensive-frequentative prefix in sense of “all-round,completely,very much”,e. g. ākiṇṇa strewn all over,°kula mixed up; °dhuta moved about; °rāva shouting out or very much; °luḷati move about; °hiṇḍati roam about. -- 2. Affinities. Closely related in meaning and often interchanging are the foll. prep. (prefixes):anu (°bhati),abhi (°saṃsati),pa (°tapati),paṭi (°kaṅkhati) in meaning 1 a-c; and vi (°kirati,°ghāta,°cameti,°lepa,°lopa),sam (°tapati,°dassati) in meaning 1 d. See also 3<sup>b.</sup> -- 3. Combinations:(a) Intensifying comb<sup>ns.</sup> of other modifying prefixes with ā as base:anu + ā (anvā-gacchati,°disati,°maddati,°rohati,°visati,°sanna,°hata),paṭi + ā (paccā-janati,°ttharati,°dāti,°savati),pari + ā (pariyā-ñāta,°dāti,°pajjati,°harati),sam + ā (samā-disati,°dāna,°dhi,°pajjati,°rabhati). -- (b) Contrast-comb<sup>ns.</sup> with other pref. in a double cpd. of noun,adj. or verb (cp. above 2) in meaning of “up &#38; down,in &#38; out,to &#38; fro”; ā + ni:āvedhika-nibbedhika,āsaṃsa-nisaṃsa (contracted to ānisaṃsa),āsevita-nisevita; ā + pa:assasatipassasati (where both terms are semantically alike; in exegesis however they have been differentiated in a way which looks like a distortion of the original meaning,viz. assasati is taken as “breathing out”,passasati as “breathing in”:see Vism.271),assāsa-passāsa,āmoditapamodita,āhuna-pāhuna,āhuneyya-pāhuneyya; ā + paccā:ākoṭita-paccākoṭita; <i>ā + pari</i>:ākaḍḍhana-parikaḍḍhana,āsaṅkita-parisaṅkita; <i>ā + vi</i>:ālokita-vilokita,āvāha-vivāha,āveṭhana-viniveṭhana; <i>a + sam</i>:allāpa-sallāpa:<i>ā + samā</i>:āciṇṇa-samāciṇṇa. -- 4. Before double consonants ā is shortened to a and words containing ā in this form are to be found under a°,e. g. akkamaṇa,akkhitta,acchādeti,aññāta,appoṭeti,allāpa,assāda. (Page 92),1,1
  30. 275,en,15,ababa,ababa,Ababa,Ababa,[of uncertain origin,prob. onomatopoetic]. N. of a cert. Purgatory,enum<sup>d.</sup> with many other similar names at A.V,173 = Sn.p. 126 (cp. aṭaṭa,abbuda &#38; also Av. Ś I.4,10 &#38; see for further expl<sup>n.</sup> of term SnA 476 sq. (Page 58),5,1
  31. 291,en,15,abaddha,abaddha,Abaddha,Abaddha,[a + baddha] not tied,unbound,unfettered Sn.39 (v. l. and Nd<sup>2</sup> abandha; expl<sup>d-</sup> by rajju-bandhan’ādisu yena kenaci abaddha SnA 83). (Page 58),7,1
  32. 299,en,15,abaddha,ābaddha,Ābaddha,Ābaddha,[pp. of ābandhati] tied,bound,bound up DA.I,127; fig. bound to,attached to,in love with DhA.I,88; PvA.82 (Tissāya °sineha); Sdhp.372 (sineh,°hadaya). (Page 102),7,1
  33. 367,en,15,abadha,ābādha,Ābādha,Ābādha,[ā + <em>bādh</em> to oppress,Vedic ābādha oppression] affliction,illness,disease Vin.IV,261; D.I,72; II,13; A.I,121; III,94,143; IV,333,415 sq.,440; Dh.138; Pug.28; Vism.41 (udara-vāta°) 95; VvA.351 (an° safe &#38; sound); SnA 476; Sdhp.85. -- A list of ābādhas or illnesses,as classified on grounds of aetiology,runs as follows:pittasamuṭṭhānā,semha°,vāta°,sannipātikā,utu-pariṇāmajā,visama-parihārajā,opakkamikā,kammavipākajā (after Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>I.C.</SUP>,recurring with slight variations at S.IV,230; A.II,87; III,131; V,110; Nd<sup>1</sup> 17,47; Miln.112,cp. 135). ‹-› Another list of illnesses mentioned in tha Vinaya is given in Index to Vin.II,,p. 351. -- Five ābādhas at Vin.I,71,viz. kuṭṭhaṃ gaṇḍo kilāso soso apamāro said to be raging in Magadha cp. p. 93. -- Three ābādhas at D.III,75,viz. icchā anasanaṃ jarā,cp. Sn.311. -- See also cpd. appābādha (health) under <i>appa</i>. (Page 103),6,1
  34. 424,en,15,abadheti,ābādheti,Ābādheti,Ābādheti,[ā + Caus. of <em>bādh</em>,cp. ābādha] to oppress,vex,annoy,harass S.IV,329. (Page 103),8,1
  35. 436,en,15,abadhika,ābādhika,Ābādhika,Ābādhika,(adj.-n.) [fr. ābādha] affected with illness,a sick person A.III,189,238; Nd<sup>1</sup> 160; Miln.302; DA. 212; DhA.I,31; PvA.271. -- f. <i>ābādhikinī</i> a sick woman A.II,144. (Page 103),8,1
  36. 454,en,15,abadhita,ābādhita,Ābādhita,Ābādhita,[pp. of ābādheti,Caus. of ā + bādh] afflicted,oppressed,molested Th.1,185. (Page 103),8,1
  37. 552,en,15,abala,abala,Abala,Abala,(adj.) [a + bala] not strong,weak,feeble Sn.1120 (= dubbala,appabala,appathāma Nd<sup>2</sup> 73); Dh.29 (°assa a weak horse = dubbalassa DhA.I,262; opp. sīghassa a quick horse). (Page 58),5,1
  38. 589,en,15,abandha,abandha,Abandha,Abandha,(n.-adj.) [a + bandha] not tied to,not a follower or victim of It.56 (mārassa; v. l. abaddha). (Page 58),7,1
  39. 601,en,15,abandhaka,ābandhaka,Ābandhaka,Ābandhaka,(adj.) [ā +<em> bandh</em>,cp. Sk. ābandha tie,bond] (being) tied to (Loc.) PvA.169 (sīse). (Page 102),9,1
  40. 611,en,15,abandhana,abandhana,Abandhana,Abandhana,(adj.) [a + bandhana] without fetters or bonds,unfettered,untrammelled Sn.948,cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 433. (Page 58),9,1
  41. 617,en,15,abandhana,ābandhana,Ābandhana,Ābandhana,(nt.) [fr. ā + <em>bandh</em>] -- 1. tie,bond DA.I,181 = Pug.A 236 (°atthena ñāti yeva ñāti-parivaṭṭo). ‹-› 2. tying,binding Vism.351 (°lakkhaṇa,of āpodhātu). ‹-› 3. reins (?) or harness (on a chariot) J.V,319 (but cp. C. expl<sup>n.</sup> “hatthi-assa-rathesu ābandhitabbāni bhaṇḍakāni”,thus taking it as ā + bhaṇḍa + na,i. e. wares,loads etc.). With this cp. Sk. ābandha,according to Calāyudha 2,420 a thong of leather which fastens the oxen to the yoke of a plough. (Page 102),9,1
  42. 650,en,15,abandhati,ābandhati,Ābandhati,Ābandhati,(ā + bandhati,Sk. ābadhnāti,bandh] to bind to,tie,fasten on to,hold fast; fig. to tie to,to attach to,J.IV,132,289; V,319,338,359. -- pp. ābaddha. (Page 102),9,1
  43. 680,en,15,abbahana,abbāhana,Abbāhana,Abbāhana,(nt.) [abstr. fr. abbahati] pulling out (of a sting) DhA.III,404 (sic. T.; v. l. abbūhana; Fausböll aḍahana; glosses C. aṭṭhaṅgata &#38; aṭṭhaṅgika,K. nibbāpana). See also <i>abbuḷhana</i> and <i>abbhāhana</i>. (Page 58),8,1
  44. 688,en,15,abbahati,abbahati,Abbahati,Abbahati,( &#38; abbuhati) [the first more freq. for pres.,the second often in aor. forms; Sk. ābṛhati,ā + bṛh<sup>1</sup>,pp. bṛḍha (see <i>abbūḷha</i>)] to draw off,pull out (a sting or dart); imper. pres. abbaha Th.1,404; J.II,95 (v. l. BB appuha = abbuha; C. expl<sup>s.</sup> by uddharatha). -- aor. <i>abbahi</i> J.V,198 (v. l. BB abbuhi),abbahī (metri causa) J.III,390 (v. l. BB dhabbuḷi = abbuḷhi) = Pv.I,8<sup>6</sup> (which reads T. abbūḷha,but PvA.41 expl<sup>s.</sup> nīhari) = DhA.I,30 (vv. ll. sabbahi,sabbamhi; gloss K. B abbūḷhaṃ) = Vv 83<sup>9</sup> (T. abbuḷhi; v. l. BB abbuḷhaṃ,SS avyahi; VvA.327 expl<sup>s.</sup> as uddhari), &#38; abbuhi A.III,55 (v. l. abbahi,C. abbahī ti nīhari),see also vv. ll. under abbahi. -- ger. <i>abbuyha</i> Sn.939 (= abbuhitvā uddharitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 419; v.l. SS abbuyhitvā; SnA 567 reads avyuyha &#38; expl<sup>s.</sup> by uddharitvā); S.I,121 (taṇhaṃ); III,26 (id.; but spelt abbhuyha). -- pp. <i>abbuḷha</i> (q. v.). -- Caus. <i>abbāheti</i> [Sk. ābarhayati] to pull out,drag out J.IV,364 (satthaṃ abbāhayanti; v. l. abbhā°); DhA.II,249 (asiṃ). ger. abbāhitvā (= °hetvā) Vin II 201 (bhisa-muḷālaṃ) with v. l. BB aggahetvā,SS abbūhitvā,cp. Vin.I,214 (vv. ll. aggahitvā &#38; abbāhitvā). pp. <i>abbūḷhita</i> (q. v.). (Page 58),8,1
  45. 707,en,15,abbaje,abbaje,Abbaje,Abbaje,T. reading at A.II,39,evidently interpreted by ed. as ā + vraje,pot. of ā + vraj to go to,come to (cp. pabbajati),but is preferably with v. l. SS to be read aṇḍaje (corresponding with vihaṅgama in prec. line). (Page 58),6,1
  46. 713,en,15,abbana,abbaṇa,Abbaṇa,Abbaṇa,(adj.) [a + vaṇa,Sk. avraṇa] without wounds Dh.124. (Page 58),6,1
  47. 726,en,15,abbata,abbata,Abbata,Abbata,(n.-adj.) [a + vata,Sk. avrata] (a) (nt.) that which is not “vata” i. e. moral obligation,breaking of the moral obligation Sn.839 (asīlata +); Nd<sup>1</sup> 188 (v. l. SS abhabbata; expl<sup>d.</sup> again as a-vatta). SnA 545 (= dhutaṅgavataṃ vinā. -- (b) (adj.) one who offends against the moral obligation,lawless Dh.264 (= sīlavatena ca dhutavatena ca virahita DhA.III,391; vv. ll. k. adhūta &#38; abhūta; B. abbhuta,C. abbuta). (Page 58),6,1
  48. 736,en,15,abbaya,abbaya,Abbaya,Abbaya,in <i>uday</i>° at Miln.393 stands for avyaya. (Page 58),6,1
  49. 738,en,15,abbeti,abbeti,Abbeti,Abbeti,[Trenckner,Notes 64 n. 19] at J.III,34 &#38; VI,17 is probably a mistake in MSS for <i>appeti</i>. (Page 59),6,1
  50. 745,en,15,abbha,abbha,Abbha,Abbha,(nt.) [Vedic abhra nt. &#38; later Sk. abhra m. “dark cloud”; Idg. *m̊bhro,cp. Gr. a)fros scum,froth,Lat. imber rain; also Sk. ambha water,Gr. o)/mbros rain,Oir ambu water]. A (dense &#38; dark) cloud,a cloudy mass A.II,53 = Vin.II,295 = Miln.273 in list of to things that obscure moon- &#38; sunshine,viz. abbhaṃ mahikā (mahiyā A) dhūmarajo (megho Miln),Rāhu. This list is referred to at SnA 487 &#38; VvA.134. S.I,101 (°sama pabbata a mountain like a thunder-cloud); J.VI,581 (abbhaṃ rajo acchādesi); Pv IV.3<sup>9</sup> (nīl° = nīla-megha PvA.251). As f. abbhā at Dhs.617 &#38; DhsA.317 (used in sense of adj. “dull”; DhsA.expl<sup>s.</sup> by valāhaka); perhaps also in abbhāmatta.<br><br> --kūṭa the point or summit of a storm-cloud Th.1,1064; J.VI,249,250; Vv 1<sup>1</sup> (= valāhaka-sikhara VvA.12). --ghana a mass of clouds,a thick cloud It.64; Sn.348 (cp. SnA 348). --paṭala a mass of clouds DhsA.239. --mutta free from clouds Sn.687 (also as abbhāmutta Dh.382). --saṃvilāpa thundering S.IV,289. (Page 59),5,1
  51. 753,en,15,abbhacchadita,abbhacchādita,Abbhacchādita,Abbhacchādita,[pp. of abhi + ā + chādeti] covered (with) Th.1,1068. (Page 59),13,1
  52. 780,en,15,abbhacikkhati,abbhācikkhati,Abbhācikkhati,Abbhācikkhati,[Intens. of abbhākkhāti] to accuse,slander,calumniate D.I,161; III,248,250; M.I,130,368,482; III,207; A.I,161. (Page 60),13,1
  53. 814,en,15,abbhagamana,abbhāgamana,Abbhāgamana,Abbhāgamana,(nt.) [abhi + ā + gamana; cp. Sk. abhyāgama] coming arrival,approach Vin.IV,221. (Page 60),11,1
  54. 825,en,15,abbhagata,abbhāgata,Abbhāgata,Abbhāgata,[abhi + ā + gata] having arrived or come; (m.) a guest,stranger Vv 1<sup>5</sup> (= abhi-āgata,āgantuka VvA.24). (Page 60),9,1
  55. 840,en,15,abbhaghata,abbhāghāta,Abbhāghāta,Abbhāghāta,[abhi + āghāta] slaughtering-place Vin.III,151 (+ āghāta). (Page 60),10,1
  56. 845,en,15,abbhahana,abbhāhana,Abbhāhana,Abbhāhana,(nt.) [either = abbāhana or āvāhana] in <i>udaka°</i> the pulling up or drawing up of water Vin.II,318 (Bdhgh. on CullavaggaV,16,2,corresponding to udaka-vāhana on p. 122). (Page 60),9,1
  57. 852,en,15,abbhahata,abbhāhata,Abbhāhata,Abbhāhata,[abhi + ā + hata,pp. of <em>han</em>] struck,attacked,afflicted S.I,40 (maccunā); Th.1,448; Sn.581; J.VI,26,440; Vism.31,232; DA.I,140,147; DhA.IV,25. (Page 60),9,1
  58. 883,en,15,abbhakkhana,abbhakkhāna,Abbhakkhāna,Abbhakkhāna,(nt.) [fr. abbhakkhāti] accusation,slander,calumny D.III,248,250; M.I,130; III,207; A.III,290 sq.; Dh.139 (cp. DhA.III,70). (Page 59),11,1
  59. 897,en,15,abbhakkhati,abbhakkhāti,Abbhakkhāti,Abbhakkhāti,[abhi + ā +<em> khyā</em>,cp. Sk. ākhyāti] to speak against to accuse,slander D.I,161 = A.I,161 (an-abbhakkhātu-kāma); IV,182 (id.); J.IV,377. Cp. Intens. abbhācikkhati. (Page 59),11,1
  60. 915,en,15,abbhakutika,abbhākuṭika,Abbhākuṭika,Abbhākuṭika,(adj.) [a + bhākuṭi + ka; Sk. bhrakuṭi frown] not frowning,genial Vin.III,181 (but here spelt bhākuṭikabhākuṭika); D.I,116,cp. DA.I,287; DhA.IV,8 (as v. l.; T. has abbhokuṭika). (Page 60),11,1
  61. 939,en,15,abbhamatta,abbhāmatta,Abbhāmatta,Abbhāmatta,(adj.) [abbhā + matta (?) according to the Pāli Com.; but more likely = Vedic abhva huge,enormous,monstrous,with ā metri causa. On abhva (a + <em>bhū</em> what is contradictory to anything that is) cp. abbhuta &#38; abbhuṃ,and see Walde,Lat. Wtb. under dubius] monstrous,dreadful,enormous,“of the size of a large cloud” (thus C. on S.I,205 &#38; J.III,309) S.I,205 = Th.1,652 (v. l. abbha° &#38; abbhāmutta) = J.III,309 (v. l. °mutta). (Page 60),10,1
  62. 948,en,15,abbhana,abbhāna,Abbhāna,Abbhāna,(nt.) [abhi + āyana of ā + <em>yā</em><i> (</i><em>i</em><i>)</i>] coming back,rehabilitation of a bhikkhu who has undergone a penance for an expiable offence Vin.I,49 (°âraha),53 (id.),143,327; II,33,40,162; A.I,99. -- Cp. <i>abbheti</i>. (Page 60),7,1
  63. 985,en,15,abbhanjana,abbhañjana,Abbhañjana,Abbhañjana,(nt.) [fr. abbhañjati] anointing,lubricating,oiling; unction,unguent Vin.I,205; III,79; Miln.367 (akkhassa a.); Vism.264; VvA.295. (Page 59),10,1
  64. 1003,en,15,abbhanjati,abbhañjati,Abbhañjati,Abbhañjati,[abhi + <em>añj</em>] to anoint; to oil,to lubricate M.I,343 (sappi-telena); S.IV,177; Pug.56; DhA.III,311 = VvA.68 (sata-pāka-telena). Caus. abbhañjeti same J.I,438 (telena °etvā); V,376 (sata-pāka-telena °ayiṃsu); Caus. II. abbhanjāpeti to cause to anoint J.III,372. (Page 59),10,1
  65. 1044,en,15,abbhantara,abbhantara,Abbhantara,Abbhantara,(adj.) [abhi + antara; abhi here in directive function = towards the inside,in there,with-in,cp. abhi I.1 a] = antara,i. e. internal,inner,being within or between; nt. °ṃ the inner part,interior,interval (also as °-) Vin.I,111 (satt° with interval of seven); A.IV,16 (opp. bāhira); Dh.394 (id.); Th.1,757 (°âpassaya lying inside); J.III,395 (°amba the inside of the Mango); Miln.30 (°e vāyo jivo),262,281 (bāhir-abbhantara dhana); DhA.II,74 (adj. c. Gen. being among; v. l. abbhantare). ‹-› Cases used adverbially:Instr. abbhantarena in the meantime,in between DhA.II,59. Loc. abbhantare in the midst of,inside of,within (c. Gen. or --°) J.I,262 (rañño),280 (tuyhaṃ); DhA.II,64 (v. l. antare),92 (sattavass°); PvA.48 (= anto). (Page 59),10,1
  66. 1173,en,15,abbhantarika,abbhantarika,Abbhantarika,Abbhantarika,(adj.-n.) [fr. abbhantara,cp. Sk. abhyantara in same meaning] intimate friend,confidant,“chum” J.I,86 (+ ativissāsika),337 (“insider”,opp. bāhiraka). (Page 59),12,1
  67. 1177,en,15,abbhantarima,abbhantarima,Abbhantarima,Abbhantarima,(adj.) [superl. formation fr. abbhantara in contrasting function] internal,inner (opp. bāhirima) Vin.III,149; J.V,38. (Page 59),12,1
  68. 1195,en,15,abbhanumodana,abbhanumodana,Abbhanumodana,Abbhanumodana,(nt.) ( &#38; °ā f.) [fr. abbhanumodati] being pleased,satisfaction,thanksgiving DA.I,227; VvA.52 (°ānu°); Sdhp.218. (Page 59),13,1
  69. 1212,en,15,abbhanumodati,abbhanumodati,Abbhanumodati,Abbhanumodati,[abhi + anu + modati] to be much pleased at to show great appreciation of Vin.I,196; D.I,143,190; S.IV,224; Miln.29,210; DhA.IV,102 (v. l. °ānu°). (Page 59),13,1
  70. 1254,en,15,abbhatika,abbhatika,Abbhatika,Abbhatika,(adj.) [ā + bhata + ika,<em>bhṛ</em>] brought (to),procured,got,J.VI,291. (Page 59),9,1
  71. 1260,en,15,abbhatikkanta,abbhatikkanta,Abbhatikkanta,Abbhatikkanta,[pp. of abhi + ati + <em>kram</em>,cp. atikkanta] one who has thoroughly,left behind J.V,376. (Page 59),13,1
  72. 1272,en,15,abbhatita,abbhatīta,Abbhatīta,Abbhatīta,[pp. of abhi + ati + i,cp. atīta &#38; atikkanta] emphatic of atīta in all meanings,viz. 1 passed,gone by S.II,183 (+ atikkanta); nt. °ṃ what is gone or over,the past J.III,169. -- 2. passed away,dead M.I,465; S.IV,398; Th.1,242,1035. -- 3. transgressed,overstepped,neglected J.III,541 (saṃyama). (Page 59),9,1
  73. 1291,en,15,abbhattha,abbhattha,Abbhattha,Abbhattha,(nt.) [abhi + attha<sup>2</sup> in Acc. abhi + atthaṃ,abhi in function of “towards” = homeward,as under abhi I.1 a; cp. Vedic abhi sadhasthaṃ to the seat R. V. IX. 21. 3] = attha<sup>2</sup>,only in phrase abbhatthaṃ gacchati “to go towards home”,i. e. setting; fig. to disappear,vanish,M.I,115,119; III,25; A.IV,32; Miln.305; pp. abhhattaṅgata “set”,gone,disappeared Dhs.1038 (atthaṅgata +); Kvu 576. (Page 59),9,1
  74. 1300,en,15,abbhatthata,abbhatthatā,Abbhatthatā,Abbhatthatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. abbhatta] “going towards setting”,disappearance,death J.V,469. (Page 59),11,1
  75. 1319,en,15,abbheti,abbheti,Abbheti,Abbheti,[abhi + ā + <em>i</em>] to rehabilitate a bhikkhu who has been suspended for breach of rules Vin.II,7 (abbhento),33 (abbheyya); III,112 (abbheti),186 = IV.242 (abbhetabba) -- pp. <i>abbhita</i> (q. v.). See also abbhāna. (Page 61),7,1
  76. 1339,en,15,abbhita,abbhita,Abbhita,Abbhita,[pp. of abbheti] 1. come back,rehabilitated,reinstated Vin.III,186 = IV.242 (an°). -- 2. uncertain reading at Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup> in sense of “called” (an° uncalled),where id. p. at J.III,165 reads anavhāta &#38; at Th.2,129 ayācita. (Page 60),7,1
  77. 1346,en,15,abbhocchinna,abbhocchinna,Abbhocchinna,Abbhocchinna,(besides <i>abbocch°</i>,q.v. under <i>abbokiṇṇa<sup>2</sup></i>) [a + vi + ava + chinna] not cut off,uninterrupted,continuous J.I,470 (v. l. abbo°); VI,254,373; Cp. I.6<sup>3</sup>; Miln.72; Vism.362 (bb),391 (bb). (Page 61),12,1
  78. 1350,en,15,abbhoharika,abbhohārika,Abbhohārika,Abbhohārika,see <i>abbo°</i>. (Page 61),11,1
  79. 1357,en,15,abbhokasa,abbhokāsa,Abbhokāsa,Abbhokāsa,[abhi + avakāsa] the open air,an open &#38; unsheltered space D.I,63 (= alagganatthena a. viya DA.I,180),71 (=acchanna DA.I,210),89; M.III,132; A.II,210; III,92; IV,437,V,65; Sn.p. 139 (°e nissinna sitting in the open) J.I,29,215; Pug.57. (Page 61),9,1
  80. 1399,en,15,abbhokasika,abbhokāsika,Abbhokāsika,Abbhokāsika,(adj.) [fr. abbhokāsa] belonging to the open air,one who lives in the open,the practice of certain ascetics. D.I,167; M.I,282; A.III,220; Vin.V,131,193; J.IV,8 (+ nesajjika); Pug.69; Miln.20,342. (One of the 13 Dhutaṅgas). See also Nd<sup>1</sup> 188; Nd<sup>2</sup> 587.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> the practice or system of the “campers-out” Nd<sup>1</sup> 558 (so read for abbhokāsi-kaṅkhā,cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 188). (Page 61),11,1
  81. 1416,en,15,abbhokinna,abbhokiṇṇa,Abbhokiṇṇa,Abbhokiṇṇa,[pp. of abbhokirati] see <i>abbokiṇṇa</i>. (Page 61),10,1
  82. 1430,en,15,abbhokirati,abbhokirati,Abbhokirati,Abbhokirati,[abhi + ava + kirati] to sprinkle over,to cover,bedeck Vv 5<sup>9</sup> (= abhi-okirati abhippakirati),35<sup>11</sup> (v. l. abbhuk°). Cp. <i>abbhukkirati </i>&<i> abbhokkiraṇa</i> ‹-› pp. <i>abbhokiṇṇa</i> see under <i>abbokiṇṇa</i>. (Page 61),11,1
  83. 1437,en,15,abbhokkirana,abbhokkiraṇa,Abbhokkiraṇa,Abbhokkiraṇa,(nt.) [fr. abbhokirati] in naṭānaṃ a. “turnings of dancers” DA.I,84 in expl<sup>n</sup> of sobha-nagarakaṃ of D.I,6. (Page 61),12,1
  84. 1440,en,15,abbhokutika,abbhokuṭika,Abbhokuṭika,Abbhokuṭika,spelling at DhA.IV,8 for <i>abbhākuṭika</i>. (Page 61),11,1
  85. 1441,en,15,abbhu,abbhu,Abbhu,Abbhu,[a + <em>bhū</em> most likely = Vedic abhva and P. abbhuṃ,see also abbhāmatta] unprofitableness,idleness,nonsense J.V,295 (= abhūti avaḍḍhi C.). (Page 60),5,1
  86. 1445,en,15,abbhudaharati,abbhudāharati,Abbhudāharati,Abbhudāharati,[abhi + ud + ā + harati] to bring towards,to fetch,to begin or introduce (a conversation) M.II,132. (Page 60),13,1
  87. 1464,en,15,abbhuddhunati,abbhuddhunāti,Abbhuddhunāti,Abbhuddhunāti,[abhi + ud + dhunāti] to shake very much Vv 64<sup>9</sup> (= adhikaṃ uddhunāti VvA.278). (Page 60),13,1
  88. 1474,en,15,abbhudeti,abbhudeti,Abbhudeti,Abbhudeti,[abhi + ud + eti] to go out over,to rise A.II,50,51 (opp. atthaṃ eti,of the sun). -- ppr. <i>abbhuddayaṃ</i> Vv 64<sup>17</sup> (= abhi-uggacchanto VvA.280; abbhusayaṃ ti pi pāṭho). (Page 60),9,1
  89. 1481,en,15,abbhudireti,abbhudīreti,Abbhudīreti,Abbhudīreti,[abhi + ud + īreti] to raise the voice,to utter Th.2,402; DA.I,61; Sdhp.514. (Page 60),11,1
  90. 1494,en,15,abbhuggacchati,abbhuggacchati,Abbhuggacchati,Abbhuggacchati,[abhi + ud + gacchati] to go forth,go out,rise into D.I,112,127; A.III,252 (kitti-saddo a.); Pug.36. ger. <i>°gantvā</i> J I 88 (ākāsaṃ),202; DhA.IV,198. aor. <i>°gañchi</i> M.I,126 (kittisaddo); J.I,93. -- pp. <i>abbhuggata</i>. (Page 60),14,1
  91. 1510,en,15,abbhuggamana,abbhuggamana,Abbhuggamana,Abbhuggamana,(nt.-adj.) [fr. abbhuggacchati] going out over,rising over (c. Acc.) PvA.65 (candaṃ nabhaṃ abbhuggamanaṃ; so read for T. abbhuggamānaṃ). (Page 60),12,1
  92. 1527,en,15,abbhuggata,abbhuggata,Abbhuggata,Abbhuggata,[pp. of abbhuggacchati] gone forth,gone out,risen D.I,88 (kitti-saddo a.,cp. DhA.I,146:sadevakaṃ lokaṃ ajjhottharitvā uggato),107 (saddo); Sn.p. 103 (kittisaddo). (Page 60),10,1
  93. 1554,en,15,abbhujjalana,abbhujjalana,Abbhujjalana,Abbhujjalana,(nt.) [abhi + ud + jalana,from <em>jval</em>] breathing out fire,i. e. carrying fire in one’s month (by means of a charm) D.I,11 (= mantena mukhato aggi-jala-nīharaṇaṃ DA.I,97). (Page 60),12,1
  94. 1562,en,15,abbhukkirana,abbhukkiraṇa,Abbhukkiraṇa,Abbhukkiraṇa,(nt.) [abhi + ud + <em>kṛ</em>] drawing out,pulling,in daṇḍa-sattha° drawing a stick or sword Nd<sup>2</sup> 576<sup>4</sup> (cp. abbhokkiraṇa). Or is it <i>abbhuttīraṇa</i> (cp. uttiṇṇa outlet). (Page 60),12,1
  95. 1574,en,15,abbhukkirati,abbhukkirati,Abbhukkirati,Abbhukkirati,[abhi + ud + kirati] to sprinkle over,to rinse (with water) D.II,172 (cakkaratanaṃ; neither with Morris J P T S. 1886,131 “give up”,nor with trsl. of J.II,311 “roll along”); J.V,390; PvA.75. Cp. <i>abbhokkirati</i>. (Page 60),12,1
  96. 1588,en,15,abbhum,abbhuṃ,Abbhuṃ,Abbhuṃ,(interj.) [Vedic abhvaṃ,nt. of abhva,see expl<sup>d.</sup> under abbhamatta. Not quite correct Morris J P T S. 1889,201:abbhuṃ = ā + bhuk; cp also abbhuta] alas! terrible,dreadful,awful (excl. of fright &#38; shock) Vin.II,115 (Bdhgh. expl<sup>s.</sup> as “utrāsa-vacanam-etaṃ”); M.I,448. ‹-› See also <i>abbhu </i>&<i> abbhuta</i>. (Page 60),6,1
  97. 1597,en,15,abbhunha,abbhuṇha,Abbhuṇha,Abbhuṇha,(adj.) [ahhi + uṇha] (a) very hot DhA.II,87 (v. l. accuṇha). (b) quite hot,still warm (of milk) DhA.II,67. (Page 60),8,1
  98. 1607,en,15,abbhunnadita,abbhunnadita,Abbhunnadita,Abbhunnadita,[pp. of abhi + ud + nadati] resounding,resonant Th.1,1065). (Page 61),12,1
  99. 1613,en,15,abbhunnamati,abbhunnamati,Abbhunnamati,Abbhunnamati,[abhi,+ ud + namati] to,spring up,burst forth D.II,164. -- pp. <i>abbhuṇṇata</i> ( &#38; °unnata),q. v. ‹-› Caus. <i>abbhunnāmeti</i> to stiffen,straighten out,hold up,erect D.I,120 (kāyaṃ one’s body); A.II,245 (id.); D.I,126 (patodalaṭṭhiṃ; opp. <i>apanāmeti</i> to bend down). (Page 61),12,1
  100. 1622,en,15,abbhunnata,abbhuṇṇata,Abbhuṇṇata,Abbhuṇṇata,[pp. of abbhunnamati] standing up,held up,erect J.V,156 (in <i>abbhuṇṇatatā</i> state of being erect. stiffness),197 (°unnata; v. l. abbhantara,is reading correct?). (Page 60),10,1
  101. 1657,en,15,abbhussahanata,abbhussahanatā,Abbhussahanatā,Abbhussahanatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. abhi + *utsahana,cp. ussāha] instigation,incitement Vin.II,88. (Page 61),14,1
  102. 1666,en,15,abbhussakati,abbhussakati,Abbhussakati,Abbhussakati, &#38; °usukkati [abhi + ud + <em>ṣvaṣk</em>,see sakkati] to go out over,rise above (Acc.),ascend,freq. in phrase <i>ādicco nabhaṃ abbhussakkamāno</i> M.I,317 = S.III,156 = It.20. -- See also S.I,65; V,44; A.I,242 (same simile); V,22 (id.). (Page 61),12,1
  103. 1681,en,15,abbhusseti,abbhusseti,Abbhusseti,Abbhusseti,[abhi + ud + seti of <em>śī</em>] to rise; v. l. at Vv 64<sup>17</sup> according to VvA.280:abbhuddayaṃ (see abbhudeti) abbhussayan ti pi pāṭho. (Page 61),10,1
  104. 1687,en,15,abbhusuyaka,abbhusūyaka,Abbhusūyaka,Abbhusūyaka,(adj.) [abhi + usūyā + ka] zealous,showing zeal,endeavouring in (-°) Pgdp 101. (Page 61),11,1
  105. 1697,en,15,abbhuta,abbhuta,Abbhuta,Abbhuta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [= abbhuta<sup>1</sup> in the sense of invoking strange powers in gambling,thus being under direct spell of the “unknown”] a bet,a wager,only in phrase <i>abbhutaṃ karoti</i> (sahassena) to make a bet or to bet (a thousand,i. e. kahāpaṇa’s or pieces of money) Vin.III,138; IV,5; J.I,191; V,427; VI,192; PvA.151; &#38; in phrase pañcahi sahassehi abbhutaṃ hotu J.VI,193. (Page 60),7,1
  106. 1698,en,15,abbhuta,abbhuta,Abbhuta,Abbhuta,<sup>1</sup> (adj. nt.) [*Sk. adbhuta which appears to be constructed from the Pāli &#38; offers like its companion *āścarya (acchariya abbhuta see below) serious difficulties as to etym. The most probable solution is that P. abbhuta is a secondary adj.-formation from abbhuṃ which in itself is nt. of abbha = Vedic abhva (see etym. under abbhāmatta and cp. abbhu,abbhuṃ &#38; J.P.T.S. 1889,201). In meaning abbhuta is identical with Vedic abhva contrary to what usually happens,i. e. striking,abnormal,gruesome,horrible etc.; &#38; that its significance as a + <i>bhū</i> (“unreal?”) is felt in the background is also evident from the traditional etym. of the Pāli Commentators (see below). See also acchariya] terrifying,astonishing; strange,exceptional,puzzling,extraordinary,marvellous,supernormal. Described as a term of surprise &#38; consternation (vimhay’āvahass’adhivacanaṃ DA.I,43 &#38; VvA.329) &#38; expl<sup>d.</sup> as “something that is not” or “has not been before”,viz. abhūtaṃ ThA.233; abhūta-pubbatāya abbhutaṃ VvA.191,329; abhūta-pubbaṃ DA.I,43. -- 1. (adj.) wonderful,marvellous etc. Sn.681 (kiṃ °ṃ,comb<sup>d.</sup> with lomahaṃsana); J.IV,355 (id.); Th.2,316 (abbhutaṃ vata vācaṃ bhāsasi = acchariyaṃ ThA.233); Vv 44<sup>9</sup> (°dassaneyya); Sdhp.345,496. -- 2. (nt.) the wonderful,a wonder,marvel S.IV,371,also in °dhamma (see Cpd.). Very freq. in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>acchariyaṃ</i> and a part. of exclamation,viz,<i>acchariyaṃ bho abbhutaṃ bho</i> wonderful indeed &#38; beyond comprehension,strange &#38; stupefying D.I,206; acch. vata bho abbh. <i>vata bho</i> D.I,60; acch. bhante abbh. A.II,50; aho acch. aho abbh. J.I,88; acch. vata abbh. vata Vv 83<sup>16</sup>. -- Thus also in phrase <i>acchariyā abbhutā dhammā</i> wonderful &#38; extraordinary signs or things M.III,118,125; A.II,130; IV,198; Miln.8; and in <i>acchariya-abbhutacitta-jāta</i> dumbfounded &#38; surprised J.I,88; DhA.IV,52; PvA.6,50.<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> mysterious phenomenon,something wonderful,supernormal; designation of one of the nine aṅgas or divisions of the Buddhist Scriptures (see nava B 2) Vin.III,8; M.I,133; A.II,103; III,86,177; Pug.43; Miln.344; PvA.2,etc. (Page 60),7,1
  107. 1757,en,15,abbhutthati,abbhuṭṭhāti,Abbhuṭṭhāti,Abbhuṭṭhāti,(°ṭṭhahati) [abhi + ud + <em>sthā</em>] to get up to,proceed to,D.I,105 (caṅkamaṃ). (Page 60),11,1
  108. 1770,en,15,abbhuyyata,abbhuyyāta,Abbhuyyāta,Abbhuyyāta,[pp. of abbhuyyāti] marched against,attacked Vin.I,342; M.II,124. (Page 61),10,1
  109. 1779,en,15,abbhuyyati,abbhuyyāti,Abbhuyyāti,Abbhuyyāti,[abhi + up + yāti of <em>yā</em>] to go against,to go against,to march (an army) against,to attack S.I,82 (aor °uyyāsi). -- pp. <i>abbhuy</i>y<i>āta</i> (q. v.). (Page 61),10,1
  110. 1789,en,15,abbocchinna,abbocchinna,Abbocchinna,Abbocchinna,see abbokiṇṇa <sup>2</sup><i> </i>and abbhochinna. (Page 59),11,1
  111. 1821,en,15,abboharika,abbohārika,Abbohārika,Abbohārika,(adj.) [a + vi + ava + hārika of voharati] not of legal or conventional status,i. e. -- (a) negligible,not to be decided Vin.III,91,112 (see also Kvu trsl. 361 n. 4). -- (b) uncommon,extraordinary J.III,309 (v. l. BB abbho°); V,271,286 (Kern:ineffective). (Page 59),10,1
  112. 1845,en,15,abbokinna,abbokiṇṇa,Abbokiṇṇa,Abbokiṇṇa,[<i>= abbhokiṇṇa</i>,abhi + ava + kiṇṇa,cp. abhikiṇṇa] 1.filled M.I,387 (paripuṇṇa +); DhA.IV,182 (pañca jātisatāni a.). -- 2. [seems to be misunderstood for <i>abbocchinna</i>,a + vi + ava + chinna] uninterrupted,constant,as <i>°ṃ</i> adv. in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>satataṃ samitaṃ</i> A.IV,13 = 145; Kvu 401 (v. l. abbhokiṇṇa),cp. also Kvu trsl. 231 n. 1 (abbokiṇṇa undiluted?); Vbh.320. -- 3. doubtful spelling at Vin.III,271 (Bdhgh on Pārāj. III,1,3). (Page 59),9,1
  113. 1860,en,15,abbuda,abbuda,Abbuda,Abbuda,(nt.) [etym. unknown,orig. meaning “swelling”,the Sk. form arbuda seems to be a trsl. of P. abbuda] 1. the foetus in the 1<sup>st</sup> &#38; 2<sup>nd</sup> months after conception,the 2<sup>nd</sup> of the five prenatal stages of development,viz. kalala,abbuda,pesi,ghana,pasākha Nd<sup>1</sup> 120; Miln.40; Vism.236. -- 2. a tumour,canker,sore Vin.III,294,307 (only in Samantapāsādikā; both times as sāsanassa a). -- 3. a very high numeral,appl<sup>d.</sup> exclusively to the denotation of a vast period of suffering in Purgatory; in this sense used as adj. of Niraya (abbudo nirayo the “vast-period” hell,cp. nirabbuda). S.I,149 = A.II,3 (chattiṃsati pañca ca abbudāni); S.I,152 = A.V,173 = Sn.p. 126 (cp. SnA 476:abbudo nāma koci pacceka-nirayo n’atthi,Avīcimhi yeva abbuda-gaṇanāya paccanokāso pana abbudo nirayo ti vutto; see also Kindred Sayings p. 190); J.III,360 (sataṃ ninnahuta-sahassānaṃ ekaṃ abbudaṃ). -- 4. a term used for “hell” in the riddle S.I,43 (kiṃsu lokasmiṃ abhudaṃ “who are they who make a hell on earth” Mrs. Rh. D. The answer is “thieves”; so we can scarcely take it in meaning of 2 or 3. The C. has vināsa-karaṇaṃ. (Page 58),6,1
  114. 1933,en,15,abbulha,abbūḷha,Abbūḷha,Abbūḷha,(adj.) [Sk. ābṛḍha,pp. of a + <em>bṛh</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>,see abbahati] drawn out,pulled (of a sting or dart),fig. removed,destroyed. Most freq. in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>°salla</i> with the sting removed,having the sting (of craving thirst,taṇhā) pulled out D.II,283 (v. l. SS asammūḷha); Sn.593,779 (= abbūḷhita-salla Nd<sup>1</sup> 59; rāgâdi-sallānaṃ abbūḷhattā a. SnA 518); J.III,390 = Vv 83<sup>10</sup> = Pv.I,8<sup>7</sup> = DhA.I,30. -- In other connection:M.I,139 = A.III,84 (°esika = taṇhā pahīnā; see esikā); Th.1,321; KhA 153 (°soka). (Page 59),7,1
  115. 1938,en,15,abbulhana,abbuḷhana,Abbuḷhana,Abbuḷhana,(nt.) [fr. abbahati = abbuhati (abbuḷhati)] the pulling out (of a sting),in phrase <i>taṇhā-sallassa abbuḷhanaṃ</i> as one of the 12 achievements of a Mahesi Nd<sup>1</sup> 343 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 503 (ed<sup>s.</sup> of Nd<sup>1</sup> have abbūhana,v. l. SS abbussāna; ed. of Nd<sup>2</sup> abbuḷhana,v. l. SS abbahana,BB abbuhana). Cp. <i>abbāhana</i>. (Page 59),9,1
  116. 1945,en,15,abbulhati,abbuḷhati,Abbuḷhati,Abbuḷhati,(?) &#38; Abbuhati see abbahati. (Page 59),9,1
  117. 1947,en,15,abbulhatta,abbūḷhatta,Abbūḷhatta,Abbūḷhatta,(nt.) [abstr. of abbūḷha] pulling out,removal,destroying SnA 518. (Page 59),10,1
  118. 1961,en,15,abbulhita,abbūḷhita,Abbūḷhita,Abbūḷhita,(&<i> abbūhitta</i> at J.III,541) [pp. of abbāheti Caus. of abbāhati] pulled out,removed,destroyed Nd<sup>1</sup> 59 (abbūḷhita-sallo + uddhaṭa° etc. for abbūḷha); J.III,541 (uncertain reading; v. l. BB appahita,SS abyūhita; C. expl<sup>s.</sup> pupphakaṃ ṭhapitaṃ appaggharakaṃ kataṃ; should we explain as ā + vi + <i>ūh</i> and read abyūhita?). (Page 59),9,1
  119. 1982,en,15,abha,ābhā,Ābhā,Ābhā,(f.) [Sk. ābhā,fr. ā + <em>bhā</em>,see ābhāti] shine,splendour,lustre,light D.II,12; M.III,147 (adj. --°); S.II,150 (°dhātu); A.II,130,139; III,34; Mhvs XI.11; VvA.234 (of a Vimāna,v. l. pabhā); DhA.IV,191; Sdhp.286. (Page 103),4,1
  120. 1997,en,15,abhabba,abhabba,Abhabba,Abhabba,(adj.) [a + bhavya. The Sk. abhavya has a different meaning] impossible,not likely,unable D.III,13 sq.,19,26 sq.,133; It.106,117; Sn.231 (see KhA 189); Dh.32; J I 116; Pug.13.<br><br> <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> a (moral) impossibility of which there are 9 enum<sup>d.</sup> among things that are not likely to be found in an Arahant’s character:see D.III,133 &#38; 235 (where the five first only are given as a set). (Page 61),7,1
  121. 2029,en,15,abhabbata,abhabbatā,Abhabbatā,Abhabbatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. abhabba] an impossibility,unlikelihood Sn.232,cp. KhA 191. (Page 61),9,1
  122. 2178,en,15,abharana,ābharaṇa,Ābharaṇa,Ābharaṇa,(nt.) [Sk. ābharaṇa,ā + <i>bhṛ</i>] that which is taken up or put on,viz. ornament,decoration,trinkets D.II,104; Vv 80<sup>2</sup>; J.III,11,31; DhA.III,83; VvA.187. (Page 103),8,1
  123. 2207,en,15,abharati,ābharati,Ābharati,Ābharati,[ā + <em>bhṛ</em>] to bring,to carry; ger. ābhatvā J.IV,351. (Page 103),8,1
  124. 2227,en,15,abhasa,ābhāsa,Ābhāsa,Ābhāsa,[Sk. ābhāsa,fr. ā + <em>bhās</em>] splendour,light,appearance M.III,215. (Page 103),6,1
  125. 2285,en,15,abhassara,ābhassara,Ābhassara,Ābhassara,(adj.-n.) [etym. uncertain; one suggested in Cpd. 138 n. 4 is ā + <i>*bha + *sar</i>,i. e. from whose bodies are emitted rays like lightning,more probably a comb<sup>n.</sup> of ābhā + <em>svar</em> (to shine,be bright),i. e. shining in splendour] shining,brilliant,radiant,N. of a class of gods in the Brahma heavens “the radiant gods”,usually referred to as the representatives of supreme love (pīti &#38; mettā); thus at D.I,17; Dh.200; It.15; DhA.III,258 (°loka). In another context at Vism.414 sq. (Page 103),9,1
  126. 2333,en,15,abhata,ābhata,Ābhata,Ābhata,[pp. of ā + bharati from <em>bhṛ</em>] brought (there or here),carried,conveyed,taken D.I,142; S. I.65; A.II,71,83; It.12,14 with phrase yathābhataṃ as he has been reared (cp. J.V,330 evaṃ kicchā bhaṭo); Pv III,5 (ratt° = rattiyaṃ ā. PvA.199); DhA.II,57,81; IV,89; VvA.65. Cp. yathābhata. (Page 103),6,1
  127. 2348,en,15,abhataka,ābhataka,Ābhataka,Ābhataka,(adj.) = ābhata; DA.I,205 (v. l. ābhata). (Page 103),8,1
  128. 2379,en,15,abhati,ābhāti,Ābhāti,Ābhāti,[ā + <em>bhā</em>] to shine,shine forth,radiate Dh.387 (= virocati DhA.IV,144); J.V,204. See also <i>ābheti</i>. (Page 103),6,1
  129. 2550,en,15,abhaveti,ābhāveti,Ābhāveti,Ābhāveti,[ā + bhāveti] to cultivate,pursue Pv.II,13<sup>19</sup> (mettacittaṃ; gloss &#38; v. l. abhāvetvā; expl<sup>d.</sup> as vaḍḍhetvā brūhetvā PvA.168). (Page 103),8,1
  130. 2634,en,15,abhaya,abhaya,Abhaya,Abhaya,(adj.) [a + bhaya] free from fear or danger,fearless,safe Dh.258. -- nt. <i>abhayaṃ</i> confidence,safety Dh.317,cp. DhA.III,491. For further ref<sup>s.</sup> see <i>bhaya</i>. (Page 61),6,1
  131. 2857,en,15,abhejja,abhejja,Abhejja,Abhejja,(adj.) [grd. of a + bhid,cp. Sk. abhedya] not to be split or divided,not to be drawn away or caused to be dissented,inalienable Sn.255 (mitto abhejjo parehi); J.I,263 (varasūra . . .) III,318 (°rūpa of strong character = abhijja-hadaya); Pug.30 (= acchejja Pug.A 212); Miln.160 (°parisā); Sdhp.312 (+ appadusiya); Pgdp 97 (°parivāra). (Page 72),7,1
  132. 2922,en,15,abheti,ābheti,Ābheti,Ābheti,[*ābhayati = ābhāti,q. v.] to shine Pv.II,12<sup>6</sup> (ppr. °entī); Vv 8<sup>2</sup> (°antī,v. l. °entī; = obhāsentī VvA.50). (Page 103),6,1
  133. 2928,en,15,abhi-,abhi-,Abhi-,Abhi-,[prefix,Vedic abhi,which represents both Idg *m̊bhi,as in Gr. a]mfi/ around,Lat. ambi,amb round about,Oir. imb,Gall. ambi,Ohg. umbi,Ags. ymb,cp. also Vedic (Pāli) abhitaḥ on both sides; and Idg. *obhi,as in Lat. ob towards,against (cp. obsess,obstruct),Goth. bi,Ohg. Ags. bī = E. be-.<br><br> I. Meaning. -- 1. The primary meaning of abhi is that of taking possession and mastering,as contained in E. coming by and over-coming,thus literally having the function of (a) facing and aggressing = towards,against,on to,at (see II. 1,a); and (b) mastering = over,along over,out over,on top of (see II. 1,b). 2. Out of this is developed the fig. meaning of increasing,i. e.,an intensifying of the action implied in the verb (see III,1). Next to saṃ- it is the most frequent modification preflx in the meaning of “very much,greatly” as the first part of a double-prefix cpd. (see III,2),and therefore often seemingly superfluous,i. e.,weakened in meaning,where the second part already denotes intensity as in abhi-vi-ji (side by side with vi-ji),abhi-ā-kkhā (side by side with ā-kkhā),abhi-anu-mud (side by side with anu-mud). In these latter cases abhi shows a purely deictic character corresponding to Ger. her-bei-kommen (for bei-kommen),E. fill up (for fill); e. g.,abbhatikkanta (= ati ° C.),abbhatīta (“vorbei gegaṅgen”),abbhantara (“with-in”,b-innen or “in here”),abbhudāharati,abhipūreti (“fill up”),etc. (see also II. 1,c).<br><br> II. Lit. Meaning. -- 1. As single pref.:(a) against,to,on to,at-,viz.,abbhatthaṅgata gone towards home,abhighāta striking at,°jjhā think at,°mana thinking on,°mukha facing,turned towards,°yāti at-tack,°rūhati ascend,°lāsa long for,°vadati ad-dress,°sapati ac-curse,°hata hit at. (b) out,over,all around:abbhudeti go out over,°kamati exceed,°jāti off-spring,°jānāti know all over,°bhavati overcome,°vaḍḍhati increase,°vuṭṭha poured out or over,°sandeti make over-flow,°siñcati sprinkle over. (c) abhi has the function of transitivising intrs. verbs after the manner of E. be- (con-) and Ger. er-,thus resembling in meaning a simple Caus. formation,like the foll.:abhigajjati thunder on,°jānāti “er-kennen” °jāyati be-get,°tthaneti = °gajjati,°nadati “er tönen”,°nandati approve of (cp. anerkennen),°passati con-template,°ramati indulge in,°ropeti honour,°vuḍḍha increased,°saddahati believe in. -- 2. As base in comp<sup>n.</sup> (2<sup>nd</sup> part of cpd.) abhi occurs only in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>sam-abhi</i> (which is,however,of late occurrence and a peeuliarity of later texts,and is still more freq. in BSk.:see under sam-).<br><br> III,Fig. Meaning (intensifying). -- 1. A single pref.:abhikiṇṇa strewn all over,°jalati shine forth,°jighacchati be very hungry,°tatta much exhausted,°tāpa very hot,°toseti pleuse greatly,°nava quite fresh,°nipuṇa very clever,°nīla of a deep black,°manāpa very pleasant,°mangaly very lucky,°yobbana full youth,°rati great liking,°ratta deep red,°ruci intense satisfaction,°rūpa very handsome (= adhika-rūpa C.),°sambuddha wide and fully-awake,cp. abbhuddhunāti to shake greatly (= adhikaṃuddh° C.). -- As 1<sup>st</sup> part of a prep.-cpd. (as modification-pref.) in foll. combinations:abhi-ud (abbhud-) °ati,°anu,°ava,°ā,°ni,°ppa,°vi,°saṃ. See all these s. v. and note that the contraction (assimilation before vowel) form of abhi is <i>abbh°</i>. -- On its relation to pari,see pari°,to ava see ava°.<br><br> IV. Dialectical Variation. -- There are dial. variations in the use and meanings of abhi. Vedic abhi besides corresponding to abhi in P. is represented also by <i>ati°</i>,<i>adhi°</i> and <i>anu°</i>,since all are similar in meaning,and psychologically easily fused and confused (cp. meanings:abhi = on to,towards; ati = up to and beyond; adhi = up to,towards,over; anu = along towards). For all the foll. verbs we find in Pāli one or other of these three prefixes. So <i>ati</i> in °jāti,°pīḷita,°brūheti,°vassati,°vāyati,°veṭheti; also as vv. ll. with abhi-kīrati,°pavassati,°roceti,cp. atikkanta-abhi° (Sk. abhikrānta); <i>adhi</i> in °patthita,°pāteti,°ppāya,°ppeta,°bādheti,°bhū,°vāha (vice versa P. abhi-ropeti compared with Sk. adhiropayati); <i>anu</i> in °gijjhati,°brūheti,°sandahati. (Page 61),5,1
  134. 2946,en,15,abhibhakkhayati,abhibhakkhayati,Abhibhakkhayati,Abhibhakkhayati,[abhi + bhakkhayati] to eat (of animals) Vin.II,201 (bhiṅko paṅkaṃ a.). (Page 67),15,1
  135. 2953,en,15,abhibhasana,abhibhāsana,Abhibhāsana,Abhibhāsana,(nt.) [abhi + bhāsana fr. <i>bhās</i>] enlightenment or delight (“light &#38; delight” trsl.) Th.1,613 (= tosana C.). (Page 67),11,1
  136. 2961,en,15,abhibhava,abhibhava,Abhibhava,Abhibhava,[fr. abhibhavati] defeat,humiliation SnA 436. (Page 67),9,1
  137. 2972,en,15,abhibhavana,abhibhavana,Abhibhavana,Abhibhavana,(nt.) [fr. abhibhavati] overcoming,vanquishing,mastering S.II,210 (v. l. BB abhipatthana). (Page 67),11,1
  138. 3015,en,15,abhibhavaniyata,abhibhavanīyatā,Abhibhavanīyatā,Abhibhavanīyatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. abhibhavanīya,grd. of abhibhavati] as <i>an°</i> invincibility PvA.117. (Page 67),15,1
  139. 3027,en,15,abhibhavati,abhibhavati,Abhibhavati,Abhibhavati,[abhi + bhavati] to overcome,master,be lord over,vanquish,conquer S.I,18,32,121 (maraṇaṃ); IV,71 (rāgadose),117 (kodhaṃ),246,249 (sāmikaṃ); J.I,56,280; PvA.94 (= balīyati,vaḍḍhati). -- fut. <i>abhihessati</i> see abhihāreti 4. -- ger. <i>abhibhuyya</i> Vin.I,294; Dh.328; It.41 (māraṃ sasenaṃ); Sn.45,72 (°cārin),1097,Nd<sup>2</sup> 85 (= abhibhavitvā ajjhottharitvā,pariyādiyitvā); and <i>abhibhavitvā</i> PvA.113 (= pasayha),136. -- grd. <i>abhibhavanīya</i> to be overcome PvA.57. -- Pass. ppr. <i>abhibhūyamāna</i> being overcome (by) PvA.80,103. -- pp. <i>abhibhūta</i> (q. v.). (Page 67),11,1
  140. 3060,en,15,abhibhayatana,abhibhāyatana,Abhibhāyatana,Abhibhāyatana,(nt.) [abhibhū + āyatana] position of a master or lord,station of mastery. The traditional account of these gives 8 stations or stages of mastery over the senses (see Dial. II.118; Exp. I.252),detailed identically at all the foll. passages,viz. D.II,110; III,260 ( &#38; 287); M.II,13; A.I,40; IV,305,348; V,61. Mentioned only at S.IV,77 (6 stations); Ps.I,5; Nd<sup>2</sup> 466 (as an accomplishment of the Bhagavant); Dhs.247. (Page 67),13,1
  141. 3097,en,15,abhibhu,abhibhū,Abhibhū,Abhibhū,(n.-adj.) [Vedic abhibhū,fr. abhi + <i>bhū</i>,cp. abhibhavati] overcoming,conquering,vanquishing,having power over,a Lord or Master of (-°) D.III,29; S.II,284; Sn.211 (sabba°),545 (Māra°,cp. Mārasena-pamaddana 561),642. -- Often in phrase abhibhū anabhibhūta aññadatthudasa vasavattin,i. e. unvanquished Lord of all D I 18; III,135 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 276; A.II,24; IV,94; It.122; cp. DA.I,111 (= abhibhavitvā ṭhito jeṭṭhako’ham asmīti). (Page 67),7,1
  142. 3114,en,15,abhibhuta,abhibhūta,Abhibhūta,Abhibhūta,[pp. of abhibhavati] overpowered,overwhelmed,vanquished D.I,121; S.I,137 (jāti-jarā°); II,228 (lābhasakkāra-silokena); A.I,202 (pāpakehi dhammehi); J.I,189; PvA.14,41 (= pareta),60 (= upagata),68,77,80 (= pareta). Often neg. <i>an°</i> unconquered,e. g. Sn.934; Nd<sup>1</sup> 400; &#38; see phrase under abhibhū. (Page 67),9,1
  143. 3181,en,15,abhibyapeti,abhibyāpeti,Abhibyāpeti,Abhibyāpeti,[abhi + vyāpeti,cp. Sk. vyāpnoti,vi + <i>āp</i>] to pervade Miln.251. (Page 67),11,1
  144. 3208,en,15,abhicchanna,abhicchanna,Abhicchanna,Abhicchanna,(adj.) [abhi + channa] covered with,bedecked or adorned with (-°) J.II,48 (hema-jāla°,v. l. abhisañchanna),370 (id.); Sn.772 (= ucchanna āvuṭa etc. Nd<sup>1</sup> 24,cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 365). (Page 62),11,1
  145. 3212,en,15,abhicchita,abhicchita,Abhicchita,Abhicchita,(adj.) [abhi + icchita,cp. Sk. abhīpsita] desired J.VI,445 (so read for <i>abhijjhita</i>). (Page 62),10,1
  146. 3220,en,15,abhicetasika,abhicetasika,Abhicetasika,Abhicetasika,(adj.) [abhi + ceto + ika] dependent on the clearest consciousness. On the spelling see ābhic° (of jhāna) M.I,33,356; III,11; S.II,278; A.II,23; V,132. (Spelt. ābhi° at M.I,33; A.III,114; Vin.V,136). See Dial. III,108. (Page 62),12,1
  147. 3225,en,15,abhicetasika,ābhicetasika,Ābhicetasika,Ābhicetasika,(adj.) See abhicetasika. This spelling,with guṇa of the first syllable,is probably more correct; but the short a is the more frequent. (Page 103),12,1
  148. 3230,en,15,abhiceteti,abhiceteti,Abhiceteti,Abhiceteti,[abhi + ceteti] to intend,devise,have in mind J.IV,310 (manasā pāpaṃ). (Page 62),10,1
  149. 3242,en,15,abhida,abhida,Abhida,Abhida,<sup>2</sup> Only in the difficult old verse D.II,107 (= S.V,263 = A.IV,312 = Nd 64 = Nett 60 = Divy 203). Aorist 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. fr. bhindati he broke. (Page 64),6,1
  150. 3243,en,15,abhida,abhida,Abhida,Abhida,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) as attr. of sun &#38; moon at M.II,34,35 is doubtful in reading &#38; meaning; vv. ll. abhidosa &#38; abhidesa,Neumann trsl. “unbeschränkt”. The context seems to require a meaning like “full,powerful” or unbroken,unrestricted (abhijja or abhīta “fearless”?”) or does abhida represent Vedic abhidyu heavenly? (Page 64),6,1
  151. 3256,en,15,abhidassana,abhidassana,Abhidassana,Abhidassana,(nt.) [abhi + dassana] sight,appearance,show J.VI,193. (Page 64),11,1
  152. 3261,en,15,abhiddavati,abhiddavati,Abhiddavati,Abhiddavati,[abhi + <i>dru</i>,cp. dava<sup>2</sup>] to rush on,to assail Mhvs 6,5; Dāvs III,47. (Page 65),11,1
  153. 3263,en,15,abhideyya,abhideyya,Abhideyya,Abhideyya,in sabba° at PvA.78 is with v. l. BB to be read <i>sabbapātheyyaṃ</i>. (Page 64),9,1
  154. 3278,en,15,abhidhamati,abhidhamati,Abhidhamati,Abhidhamati,[abhi + dhamati,cp. Sk. abhi° &#38; api-dhamati] blow on or at A.I,257. (Page 65),11,1
  155. 3294,en,15,abhidhamma,abhidhamma,Abhidhamma,Abhidhamma,[abhi + dhamma] the “special Dhamma,” i. e.,1. theory of the doctrine,the doctrine classified,the doctrine pure and simple (without any admixture of literary grace or of personalities,or of anecdotes,or of arguments ad personam),Vin.I,64,68; IV,144; IV,344. Coupled with abhivinaya,D.III,267; M.I,272. -- 2. (only in the Chronicles and Commentaries) name of the Third Piṭaka,the third group of the canonical books. Dpvs.V,37; PvA.140. See the detailed discussion at DA.I,15,18 sq. [As the word abhidhamma standing alone is not found in Sn.or S or A,and only once or twice in the Dialogues,it probably came into use only towards the end of the period in which the 4 great Nikāyas grew up.]<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> discourse on philosophical or psychological matters,M.I,214,218; A.III,106,392. See <i>dhammakathā</i>. (Page 65),10,1
  156. 3425,en,15,abhidhammika,abhidhammika,Abhidhammika,Abhidhammika,see <i>ābhidhammika</i>. (Page 65),12,1
  157. 3433,en,15,abhidhammika,ābhidhammika,Ābhidhammika,Ābhidhammika,(adj.) [abhidhamma + ika] belonging to the specialised Dhamma,versed in or studying the Abhidhamma Miln.17,341; Vism.93. As abhi° atKhA 151; J.IV,219. (Page 103),12,1
  158. 3480,en,15,abhidhara,abhidhara,Abhidhara,Abhidhara,(adj.) [abhi + dhara] firm,bold,in <i>°māna</i> firmminded Dh.p. 81 (Acc. to Morris J.P.T.S. 1886,135; not verified). (Page 65),9,1
  159. 3488,en,15,abhidhareti,abhidhāreti,Abhidhāreti,Abhidhāreti,[abhi + dhāreti] to hold aloft J.I,34 = Bu IV.1. (Page 65),11,1
  160. 3505,en,15,abhidhavati,abhidhāvati,Abhidhāvati,Abhidhāvati,[abhi + dhāvati] to run towards,to rush about,rush on,hasten Vin.II,195; S.I,209; J.II,217; III,83; DhA.IV,23. (Page 65),11,1
  161. 3516,en,15,abhidhavin,abhidhāvin,Abhidhāvin,Abhidhāvin,(adj.) fr. abhidhāvati] “pouring in”,rushing on,running J.VI,559. (Page 65),10,1
  162. 3525,en,15,abhidhayin,abhidhāyin,Abhidhāyin,Abhidhāyin,(adj.) [abhi + dhāyin fr. <i>dhā</i>]” putting on”,designing,calling,meaning Pgdp 98. (Page 65),10,1
  163. 3581,en,15,abhidosa,abhidosa,Abhidosa,Abhidosa,(°-) the evening before,last night; °kālakata M.I,170 = J.I,81; °gata gone last night J.VI,386 (= hiyyo paṭhama-yāme C.). (Page 64),8,1
  164. 3597,en,15,abhidosika,abhidosika,Abhidosika,Abhidosika,belonging to last night (of gruel) Vin.III,15; Miln.291. See ābhi°. (Page 65),10,1
  165. 3605,en,15,abhidosika,ābhidosika,Ābhidosika,Ābhidosika,(adj.) [abhidosa+ika] belonging to the evening before,of last night Vin.III,15 (of food; stale); M.I,170 (°kālakata died last night); Miln.291. (Page 103),10,1
  166. 3630,en,15,abhigajjati,abhigajjati,Abhigajjati,Abhigajjati,[abhi + gajjati from <em>garj</em>,sound-root,cp. P. gaggara] (a) to roar,shout,thunder,to shout or roar at (c. Acc.) Sn.831 (shouting or railing = gajjanto uggajjanto Nd<sup>1</sup> 172); ger. <i>abhigajjiya</i> thundering Cp. III,10<sup>8</sup>. ‹-› (b) hum,chatter,twitter (of birds); see <i>abhigajjin</i>. (Page 62),11,1
  167. 3641,en,15,abhigajjin,abhigajjin,Abhigajjin,Abhigajjin,(adj.) [fr. abhigajjati] warbling,singing,chattering Th.1,1108,1136. (Page 62),10,1
  168. 3650,en,15,abhigamaniya,abhigamanīya,Abhigamanīya,Abhigamanīya,(adj.) [grd. of abhigacchati] to be approached,accessible PvA.9. (Page 62),12,1
  169. 3671,en,15,abhighata,abhighāta,Abhighāta,Abhighāta,[Sk. abhighāta,abhi + ghāta] (a) striking,slaying,killing PvA.58 (daṇḍa°),283 (sakkhara°). ‹-› (b) impact,contact DhsA.312 (rūpa° etc.). (Page 62),9,1
  170. 3722,en,15,abhigijjhati,abhigijjhati,Abhigijjhati,Abhigijjhati,[abhi + gijjhati] 1. to be greedy for,to crave for,show delight in (c. Loc.) Sn.1039 (kāmesu,cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 77). -- 2. to envy (Acc.) S.I,15 (aññam-aññaṃ). (Page 62),12,1
  171. 3736,en,15,abhigita,abhigīta,Abhigīta,Abhigīta,[pp. of abhigāyati,cp. gīta] 1. sung for. Only in one phrase,gāthābhigītaṃ,that which is gained by singing or chanting verses (Ger. “ersungen”) S.I,173 = Sn.81 = Miln.228. See SnA 151. -- 2. resounding with,filled with song (of birds) J.VI,272 (= abhiruda). (Page 62),8,1
  172. 3747,en,15,abhihamsati,abhihaṃsati,Abhihaṃsati,Abhihaṃsati,[abhi + haṃsati fr. <em>hṛṣ</em>] 1. (trs.) to gladden,please,satisfy S.IV,190 (abhihaṭṭhuṃ); A.V,350 (id.). ‹-› 2. (intr.) to find delight in (c. Acc.),to enjoy S.V,74 (rūpaṃ manāpaṃ); A.IV,419 sq. (T. reads °hiṃsamāna jhānaṃ v.l. °hisamāna). (Page 72),11,1
  173. 3763,en,15,abhihanati,abhihanati,Abhihanati,Abhihanati,( &#38; °hanti) [abhi + <em>han</em>] 1. to strike,hit PvA.258. -- 2. to overpower,kill,destroy J.V,174 (inf. °hantu for T. hantuṃ). -- pp. <i>abhihata</i> (q. v.). (Page 72),10,1
  174. 3793,en,15,abhihara,abhihāra,Abhihāra,Abhihāra,[fr. abhiharati] bringing,offering,gift S.I,82; Sn.710; J.I,81 (āsanâ). (Page 72),8,1
  175. 3834,en,15,abhiharati,abhiharati,Abhiharati,Abhiharati,[abhi + harati,cp. Sk. abhyāharati &#38; Vedic āharati &#38; ābharati] -- 1. to bring (to),to offer,fetch D.III,170; J.I,54,157; III,537; IV,421; DA.I,272. -- 2. to curse,revile,abuse [cp. Sk. anuvyāharati &#38; abhivyā°] A.I,198. -- Pass. <i>abhihariyati</i> VvA.172 (for abhiharati of Vv 37<sup>10</sup>; corresp. with ābhata VvA.172). -- pp. <i>abhihaṭa</i> (q.v.). -- Caus. <i>abhihāreti</i> 1. to cause to be brought,to gain,to acquire D.II,188 = 192 = 195 Th.1,637; J.IV,421 (abhihārayaṃ with gloss abhibhārayiṃ). -- 2. to betake oneself to,to visit,take to,go to Sn.414 (Paṇḍavaṃ °hāresi = āruhi SnA. 383),708 (vanantaṃ abhihāraye = vanaṃ gaccheyya SnA 495); Th.2,146 (aor. °hārayiṃ; uyyānaṃ = upanesi ThA.138). -- 3. to put on (mail),only in fut. <i>abhihessati</i> J.IV,92 (kavacaṃ; C. expl<sup>s.</sup> wrongly by °hanissati bhindissati so evidently taking it as abhibhavissati). -- 4. At J.VI,27 kiṃ yobbanena ciṇṇena yaṃ jarā <i>abhihessati</i> the latter is fut. of <i>abhibhavati</i> (for °bhavissati) as indicated by gloss <i>abhibhuyyati</i>. (Page 72),10,1
  176. 3921,en,15,abhihata,abhihaṭa,Abhihaṭa,Abhihaṭa,[pp. of abhiharati] brought,offered,presented,fetched D.I,166 = Pug.55 (= puretaraṃ gahetvā āhaṭaṃ bhikkhaṃ Pug.A 231); DhA.II,79. (Page 72),8,1
  177. 3930,en,15,abhihata,abhihata,Abhihata,Abhihata,[pp. of abhihanati] hit,struck PvA.55. (Page 72),8,1
  178. 3981,en,15,abhihatthum,abhihaṭṭhuṃ,Abhihaṭṭhuṃ,Abhihaṭṭhuṃ,[ger. of abhiharati]. Only in praise abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreti,to offer having fetched up. M. I.224; A.V,350,352; S.IV,190,V,53,300. See note in Vinaya Texts II.440. (Page 72),11,1
  179. 3988,en,15,abhihesana,abhihesana,Abhihesana,Abhihesana,see abhihiṃsanā. (Page 72),10,1
  180. 3994,en,15,abhihessati,abhihessati,Abhihessati,Abhihessati,see abhihāreti 3 &#38; 4. (Page 72),11,1
  181. 3998,en,15,abhihimsana,abhihiṃsanā,Abhihiṃsanā,Abhihiṃsanā,( &#38; °ṃ) [for abhihesanā cp. P. hesā = Sk. hreṣā, &#38; hesitaṃ] neighing Vv 64<sup>10</sup> = VvA.279 (gloss abhihesana). See in detail under <i>abhisaṃsanā</i>. (Page 72),11,1
  182. 4003,en,15,abhihimsati,abhihiṃsati,Abhihiṃsati,Abhihiṃsati,spurious reading at A.IV,419 for <i>°haṃsati</i> (q.v.). (Page 72),11,1
  183. 4012,en,15,abhihita,abhihīta,Abhihīta,Abhihīta,S.I,50. Read abhigīta with SS. So also for abhihita on p. 51. “So enchanted was I by the Buddha’s rune” . The godlet ascribes a magic potency to the couplet. (Page 72),8,1
  184. 4025,en,15,abhijacca,abhijacca,Abhijacca,Abhijacca,(adj.) [Sk. ābhijātya; abhi + jacca] of noble birth J.V,120. (Page 62),9,1
  185. 4033,en,15,abhijalati,abhijalati,Abhijalati,Abhijalati,[abhi + jalati] to shine forth,ppr. °anto resplendent PvA.189. (Page 63),10,1
  186. 4041,en,15,abhijana,abhijāna,Abhijāna,Abhijāna,(nt. or m?) [Sk. abhijñāna] recognition,remembrance,recollection Miln.78. See also <i>abhiññā</i>. (Page 63),8,1
  187. 4070,en,15,abhijanati,abhijānāti,Abhijānāti,Abhijānāti,[abhi + <em>jñā</em>,cp. jānāti &#38; abhiññā] to know by experience,to know fully or thoroughly,to recognise,know of (c. Acc.),to be conscious or aware of D.I,143; S.II,58,105,219,278; III,59,91; IV,50,324,399; V,52,176,282,299; Sn.1117 (diṭṭhiṃ Gotamassa na a.); J.IV,142; Pv.II,7<sup>10</sup> = II.10<sup>3</sup> (n’ābhijānāmi bhuttaṃ vā pītaṃ); Sdhp.550; etc. -- Pot. <i>abhijāneyya</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 78<sup>a</sup>, &#38; <i>abhijaññā</i> Sn.917,1059 (= jāneyyāsi SnA 592); aor. <i>abhaññāsi</i> Sn.p. 16. -- ppr. <i>abhijānaṃ</i> S.IV,19,89; Sn.788 (= °jānanto C.),1114 (= °jānanto Nd<sup>2</sup> 78<sup>b</sup>) <i>abhijānitva</i> DhA.IV,233; <i>abhiññāya</i> S.IV,16; V,392; Sn.534 (sabbadhammaṃ),743 (jātikkhayaṃ),1115,1148; It.91 (dhammaṃ); Dh.166 (atta-d-atthaṃ); freq. in phrase <i>sayaṃ abhiññāya</i> from personal knowledge or self-experience It.97 (v.l. abhiññā); Dh.353; and <i>abhiññā</i> [short form,like ādā for ādāya,cp. upādā] in phrase <i>sayaṃ abhiññā</i> D.I,31 (+ sacchikatvā); S.II,217; It.97 (v.l. for °abhiññāya),in <i>abhiññā-vosita</i> perfected by highest knowledge S.I,167 = 175 = Dh.423 (“master of supernormal lore” Mrs Rh. D. in kindred S. p. 208; cp. also DhA.IV,233); It.47 = 61 = 81,and perhaps also in phrase sabbaṃ <i>abhiññapariññeyya</i> S.IV,29. -- grd. <i>abhiññe</i>y<i>ya</i> S.IV,29; Sn.558 (°ṃ abhiññātaṃ known is the knowable); Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; DhA.IV,233. -- pp. <i>abhiññāta</i> (q. v.). (Page 63),10,1
  188. 4076,en,15,abhijaneti,abhijaneti,Abhijaneti,Abhijaneti,occasional spelling for <i>abhijāneti</i>. (Page 62),10,1
  189. 4093,en,15,abhijappa,abhijappā,Abhijappā,Abhijappā,(f.) [abstr. fr. abhijappati,cp. jappā] praying for,wishing,desire,longing Dhs.1059 = Nd<sup>2</sup> taṇhā II.; Dhs.1136. (Page 62),9,1
  190. 4104,en,15,abhijappana,abhijappana,Abhijappana,Abhijappana,(nt.) [doubtful whether to jappati or to japati to mumble,to which belongs jappana in kaṇṃa° DA.I,97] in <i>hattha°</i> casting a spell to make the victim throw up or wring his hands D.I,11; DA.I,97. (Page 62),11,1
  191. 4118,en,15,abhijappati,abhijappati,Abhijappati,Abhijappati,[abhi + jappati] to wish for,strive after,pray for S.I,143 (read asmâbhijappanti &#38; cp. Kindred Sayings p. 180) = J.III,359 (= namati pattheti piheti C.); Sn.923,1046 (+ āsiṃsati thometi; Nd<sup>2</sup> 79 = jappati &#38; same under icchati). Cp. in meaning <i>abhigijjhati</i>. (Page 62),11,1
  192. 4133,en,15,abhijappin,abhijappin,Abhijappin,Abhijappin,(adj.) [fr. abhijappati] praying for,desiring A.III,353 (kāma-lābha°). (Page 63),10,1
  193. 4140,en,15,abhijata,abhijāta,Abhijāta,Abhijāta,(adj.) [abi + jāta] of noble birth,well-born,S.I,69; Vv 29<sup>3</sup>; Miln.359 (°kulakulīna belonging to a family of high or noble birth). (Page 63),8,1
  194. 4153,en,15,abhijati,abhijāti,Abhijāti,Abhijāti,(f.) [abhi + jāti] 1. Species. Only as t. t. in use by certain non-Buddhist teachers. They divided mankind into six species,each named after a colour D.I,53,54; A.III,383 ff. (quoted DA.I,162) gives details of each species. Two of them,the black and the white,are interpreted in a Buddhist sense at D.III,250,M.II,222,and Netti 158. This interpretation (but not the theory of the six species) has been widely adopted by subsequent Hindu writers. -- 2. Rebirth,descent,Miln.226. (Page 63),8,1
  195. 4163,en,15,abhijatika,abhijātika,Abhijātika,Abhijātika,(adj.) [fr. abhijāti] belonging to ones birth or race,born of,being by birth; only in cpd. kaṇhâbhijātika of dark birth,that is,low in the social scale D.III,251 = A.III,348; Sn.563 = Th.1,833; cp. J P T S. 1893,11; in sense of “evil disposed or of bad character” at J.V,87 (= kāḷaka-sabhāva C.). (Page 63),10,1
  196. 4171,en,15,abhijatita,abhijātitā,Abhijātitā,Abhijātitā,(f.) [abstr. fr. abhijāti] the fact of being born,descendency VvA.216. (Page 63),10,1
  197. 4184,en,15,abhijavati,abhijavati,Abhijavati,Abhijavati,[abhi + javati] to be eager,active Sn.668. (Page 63),10,1
  198. 4194,en,15,abhijayati,abhijāyati,Abhijāyati,Abhijāyati,[abhi + jāyati,Pass. of <em>jan</em>,but in sense of a Caus. = janeti] to beget,produce,effect,attain,in phrase akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ Nibbānaṃ a. D.III,251; A.III,384 sq. At Sn.214 abhijāyati means “to behave,to be”,cp. SnA 265 (abhijāyati = bhavati). (Page 63),10,1
  199. 4202,en,15,abhijeti,abhijeti,Abhijeti,Abhijeti,[abhi + jayati] to win,acquire,conquer J.VI,273 (ābhi° metri causā). (Page 63),8,1
  200. 4205,en,15,abhijighacchati,abhijighacchati,Abhijighacchati,Abhijighacchati,[abhi + jighacchati] to be very hungry PvA.271. (Page 63),15,1
  201. 4214,en,15,abhijigimsati,abhijigiṃsati,Abhijigiṃsati,Abhijigiṃsati,[abhi + jigiṃsati] to wish to overcome,to covet J.VI,193 (= jinituṃ icchati C). Burmese scribes spell <i>°jigīsati</i>; Th.1,743 (“cheat”? Mrs Rh. D.; “vernichten” Neumann). See also <i>abhijeti</i>,and nijigiṃsanatā. (Page 63),13,1
  202. 4226,en,15,abhijihana,abhijīhanā,Abhijīhanā,Abhijīhanā,(f.) [abhi + jīhanā of <em>jeh</em> to open ones mouth] strenuousness,exertion,strong endeavour J.VI,373 (viriyakaraṇa C.). (Page 63),10,1
  203. 4232,en,15,abhijivanika,abhijīvanika,Abhijīvanika,Abhijīvanika,(adj.) [abhi + jīvana + ika] belonging to one’s livehood,forming one’s living Vin.I,187 (sippa). (Page 63),12,1
  204. 4245,en,15,abhijjamana,abhijjamāna,Abhijjamāna,Abhijjamāna,(adj.) [ppr. passive of a + <em>bhid</em>,see bhindati] that which is not being broken up or divided. In the stock descrīption of the varieties of the lower Iddhi the phrase <i>udake pi abhijjamāne gacchati</i> is doubtful. The principal passages are D.I,78,212; III,112,281; M.I,34,494; II,18; A.I,170,255; III,17; V,199; S II 121; V,264. In about half of these passages the reading is abhijjamāno. The various rcadings show that the MSS also are equally divided on this point. Bdgh. (Vism.396) reads °māne,and explains it,relying on Ps.II,208,as that sort of water in which a man does not sink. Pv III,1<sup>1</sup> has the same idiom. Dhammapāla’s note on that (PvA.169) is corrupt. At D.I,78 the Colombo ed. 1904,reads <i>abhejjamāne</i> and tr. “not dividing (the water)” ; at D.I,212 it reads <i>abhijjamāno</i> and tr. “not sinking (in the water)” . (Page 63),11,1
  205. 4255,en,15,abhijjanaka,abhijjanaka,Abhijjanaka,Abhijjanaka,(adj.) [a + bhijjana + ka,from bhijja,grd. of <em>bhid</em>] not to be broken,not to be moved or changed,uninfluenced J.II,170; DhA.III,189. (Page 63),11,1
  206. 4282,en,15,abhijjha,abhijjhā,Abhijjhā,Abhijjhā,(f.) [fr. abhi + <em>dhyā</em> (jhāyati<sup>1</sup>),cp. Sk. abhidhyāna],covetousness,in meaning almost identical with <i>lobha</i> (cp. Dhs. trsl. 22) D.I,70,71 (°āya cittaṃ parisodheti he cleanses his heart from coveting; abhijjhāya = Abl.; cp. DA.I,211 = abhijjhāto); M.I,347 (id.); D.III,49,71 sq.,172,230,269; S.IV,73,104,188,322 (adj. vigat’âbhijjha),343 (°āyavipāka); A.I,280; III,92; V,251 sq.; It.118; Nd<sup>1</sup> 98 (as one of the 4 kāya-ganthā,q. v.); Nd<sup>2</sup> taṇhā II.<sup>1</sup>; Pug.20,59; Dhs.1136 (°kāyagantha); Vbh.195,244 (vigat’âbhijjha),362,364,391; Nett 13; DhA.I,23; PvA.103,282; Sdhp.56,69. -- Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>°domanassa</i> covetousness &#38; discontent,e. g. at D.III,58,77,141,221,276; M.I,340; III,2; A.I,39,296; II,16,152; IV,300 sq.,457 sq.; V,348,351; Vbh.105,193 sq. <i>--anabhijjhā</i> absence of covetousness Dhs.35,62. -- See also anupassin,gantha,domanassa,sīla. (Page 63),8,1
  207. 4309,en,15,abhijjhalu,abhijjhālū,Abhijjhālū,Abhijjhālū,( &#38; °u) (adj.) [cp. jhāyin from jhāyati<sup>1</sup>; abhijjhālu with °ālu for °āgu which in its turn is for āyin. The B.Sk. form is abhidyālu,e. g. Divy 301,a curious reconstruction] covetous D.I,139; III,82; S.II,168; III,93; A.I,298; II,30,59,220 (an° + avyapannacitto sammādiṭṭhiko at conclusion of sīla); V,92 sq.,163,286 sq.; It.90,91; Pug.39,40. (Page 63),10,1
  208. 4337,en,15,abhijjhatar,abhijjhātar,Abhijjhātar,Abhijjhātar,see <i>abhijjhitar</i>. (Page 63),11,1
  209. 4341,en,15,abhijjhati,abhijjhāti,Abhijjhāti,Abhijjhāti,[cp. abhidyāti,abhi + jhāyati<sup>1</sup>; see also <i>abhijjhāyati</i>] to wish for (Acc.),long for,covet S.V,74 (so read for abhijjhati); ger. abhijjhāya J.VI,174 (= patthetvā C.). -- pp. <i>abhijjhita</i>. (Page 63),10,1
  210. 4370,en,15,abhijjhayati,abhijjhāyati,Abhijjhāyati,Abhijjhāyati,[Sk. abhidhyāyati,abhi + jhāyati<sup>1</sup>; see also <i>abhijjhāti</i>] to wish for,covet (c. Acc.). Sn.301 (aor. abhijjhāyiṃsu = abhipatthayamāna jhāyiṃsu SnA. 320). (Page 63),12,1
  211. 4384,en,15,abhijjhita,abhijjhita,Abhijjhita,Abhijjhita,[pp. of abhijjhāti] coveted,J. VI,445; usually neg. an° not coveted,Vin.I,287; Sn.40 (= anabhipatthita SnA. 85; cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 38); Vv 47<sup>4</sup> (= na abhikaṅkhita VvA.201). (Page 63),10,1
  212. 4390,en,15,abhijjhitar,abhijjhitar,Abhijjhitar,Abhijjhitar,[n. ag. fr. abhijjhita in med. function] one who covets M.I,287 (T. abhijjhātar,v. l. °itar) = A.V,265 (T. °itar,v. l. °ātar). (Page 63),11,1
  213. 4391,en,15,abhijjhitta,abhijjhiṭṭa,Abhijjhiṭṭa,Abhijjhiṭṭa,v. l. at DhA.IV,101 for <i>ajjhiṭṭha</i>. (Page 63),11,1
  214. 4399,en,15,abhijoteti,abhijoteti,Abhijoteti,Abhijoteti,[abhi + joteti] to make clear,explain,illuminate J.V,339. (Page 63),10,1
  215. 4418,en,15,abhikankhanata,abhikaṅkhanatā,Abhikaṅkhanatā,Abhikaṅkhanatā,(f.) [abhi + kaṅkhana + tā] wishing,longing,desire DA.I,242. (Page 62),14,1
  216. 4429,en,15,abhikankhati,abhikaṅkhati,Abhikaṅkhati,Abhikaṅkhati,[abhi + kaṅkhati] to desire after,long for,wish for S.I,140,198 (Nibbānaṃ); J.II,428; IV,10,241; VvA.38,283; ThA.244. -- pp. <i>abhikaṅkhita</i>. Cp. BSk. abhikāṅkṣati,e. g. Jtm. p. 221. (Page 62),12,1
  217. 4444,en,15,abhikankhin,abhikaṅkhin,Abhikaṅkhin,Abhikaṅkhin,(adj.) cp. wishing for,desirous (of --°) Th.2,360 (sītibhāva°). (Page 62),11,1
  218. 4447,en,15,abhikankhita,abhikaṅkhita,Abhikaṅkhita,Abhikaṅkhita,[pp. of abhikaṅkhati] desired,wished,longed for VvA.201 (= abhijjhita). (Page 62),12,1
  219. 4462,en,15,abhikilati,abhikīḷati,Abhikīḷati,Abhikīḷati,[abhi + kìḷati] to play (a game),to sport Miln.359 (kīḷaṃ). (Page 62),10,1
  220. 4470,en,15,abhikinna,abhikiṇṇa,Abhikiṇṇa,Abhikiṇṇa,[pp. of abhikirati] 1. strewn over with (-°),adorned,covered filled Pv.II,11<sup>2</sup> (puppha°). -- 2. overwhelmed,overcome,crushed by (-°) It.89 (dukkh°; vv. ll. dukkhâtiṇṇa &#38; otiṇṇa) = A.I,147 (which reads dukkhotiṇṇa). See also avatiṇṇa. (Page 62),9,1
  221. 4486,en,15,abhikirati,abhikirati,Abhikirati,Abhikirati,-- 1. [Sk. abhikirati] to sprinkle or cover over:see <i>abhikiṇṇa</i> 1. -- 2. [Sk. avakirati,cp. apakiritūna] to overwhelm,destroy,put out,throw away,crush S.I,54; Th.1,598; 2,447 (ger. °kiritūna,reading of C. for T. apa°,expl<sup>d.</sup> by chaḍḍetvā); Dh.25 (°kīrati metri causa; dīpaṃ abhikīrati = viddhaṃseti vikirati DhA.I,255; v. l. atikirati); J.IV,121 (°kīrati; dīpaṃ = viddhaṃseti C.); VI,541 (nandiyo m° abhikīrare = abhikiranti abhikkamanti C.); DhA.I,255 (inf. °kirituṃ). -- pp. <i>abhikiṇṇa</i> see abhikiṇṇa <sup>2</sup>. (Page 62),10,1
  222. 4503,en,15,abhikkama,abhikkama,Abhikkama,Abhikkama,going forward,approach,going out Pv IV.1<sup>2</sup> (opp. paṭikkama going back); DhA.III,124 (°paṭikkama). (Page 62),9,1
  223. 4533,en,15,abhikkamati,abhikkamati,Abhikkamati,Abhikkamati,[Vedic abhikramati,abhi + kamati] to go forward,to proceed,approach D.I,50 (=abhimukho kamati,gacchati,pavisati DA.I,151); II,147,256 (abhikkā‹-› muṃ aor.); DhA.III,124 (evaṃ °itabbaṃ evaṃ paṭikkamitabbaṃ thus to approach &#38; thus to withdraw). -- pp. <i>abhikkanta</i> (q. v.). (Page 62),11,1
  224. 4561,en,15,abhikkanta,abhikkanta,Abhikkanta,Abhikkanta,(adj.-n.) [pp. of abhikkamati,in sense of Sk. and also P. atikkanta] (a) (adj.) lit. gone forward,gone out,gone beyond. According to the traditional expl<sup>n.</sup> preserved by Bdhgh. &#38; Dhp (see e. g. DA.I,227 = KhA 114 = VvA.52) it is used in 4 applications:abhikkantasaddo khaya (+ pabbaniya KhA) sundar’-âbhirūpa-abbhanumodanesu dissati. These are:1. (lit.) gone away,passed,gone out,departed (+ nikkhanta,meaning khaya “wane”),in phrase abhikkantāya rattiyā at the waning of the night Vin.I,26; D.II,220; M.I,142. 2. excellent,supreme (= sundara) Sn.1118 (°dassāvin having the most exellent knowledge = aggadassāvin etc. Nd<sup>2</sup> 76); usually in compar °tara (+ paṇītatara) D.I,62,74,216; A.II,101; III,350 sq.; V,140,207 sq.; DA.I,171 (= atimanāpatara). 3. pleasing,superb,extremely wonderful,as exclamation °ṃ repeated with bho (bhante),showing appreciation (= abbhânumodana) D.I,85,110,234; Sn.p. 15,24,etc. freq. 4. surpassing,beautiful (always with °vaṇṇa = abhirūpa) Vin.I,26; D.II,220; M.I,142; Pv.II,1<sup>10</sup> = Vv 9<sup>1</sup> (= atimanāpa abhirūpa PvA.71); KhA 115 (= abhirūpachavin). -- (b) (nt.) <i>abhikkantaṃ</i> (comb<sup>d.</sup> with and opp. to paṭikkantaṃ) going forward (and backward),approach (and receding) D.I,70 (= gamaṇa + nivattana DA.I,183); Vin.III,181; A.II,104,106 sq.; VvA.6. (Page 62),10,1
  225. 4597,en,15,abhikkhana,abhikkhaṇa,Abhikkhaṇa,Abhikkhaṇa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [abhi + *ikkhaṇa from <em>īkṣ</em>,cp. Sk. abhīkṣṇa of which the eontracted form is P. <i>abhiṇha</i>] only as Acc. adv. °ṃ constantly,repeated,often Vv 24<sup>12</sup> (= abhiṇhaṃ VvA.116); Pv.II,8<sup>4</sup> (= abhiṇhaṃ bahuso PvA.107); Pug.31; DhA.II,91. (Page 62),10,1
  226. 4598,en,15,abhikkhana,abhikkhaṇa,Abhikkhaṇa,Abhikkhaṇa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr. abhikkhanati] digging up of the ground M.I,143. (Page 62),10,1
  227. 4620,en,15,abhikkhanati,abhikkhaṇati,Abhikkhaṇati,Abhikkhaṇati,[abhi + khaṇati] to dig up M.I,142. (Page 62),12,1
  228. 4627,en,15,abhikkhipati,abhikkhipati,Abhikkhipati,Abhikkhipati,[abhi + khipati] to throw Dāvs III,60; cp. abhinikkhipati ibid. 12. (Page 62),12,1
  229. 4669,en,15,abhikujita,abhikūjita,Abhikūjita,Abhikūjita,[abhi + kūjita,pp. of <em>kūj</em>] resounding (with the song of birds) Pv.II,12<sup>3</sup> (cakkavāka°; so read for kujita). Cp. <i>abhinikūjita</i>. (Page 62),10,1
  230. 4686,en,15,abhilakkhita,abhilakkhita,Abhilakkhita,Abhilakkhita,(adj.) [Sk. abhilakṣita in diff. meaning; pp. of abhi + <em>lakṣ</em>] fixed,designed,inaugurated,marked by auspices J.IV,1; DA.I,18. (Page 69),12,1
  231. 4697,en,15,abhilakkhitatta,abhilakkhitatta,Abhilakkhitatta,Abhilakkhitatta,(nt.) [abstr. fr. abhilakkhita] having signs or marks,being characterised,characteristics DhsA.62. (Page 69),15,1
  232. 4707,en,15,abhilambati,abhilambati,Abhilambati,Abhilambati,[abhi + lambati] to hang down over (c. Acc.) M.III,164 = Nett 179 (+ ajjholambati); J.V,70 (papātaṃ),269 (Vetaraṇiṃ). -- pp. <i>abhilambita</i> (q. v.). (Page 69),11,1
  233. 4711,en,15,abhilambita,abhilambita,Abhilambita,Abhilambita,(adj.) [pp. of abhilambati] hanging down J.V,407 (nīladuma°). (Page 69),11,1
  234. 4721,en,15,abhilanghati,abhilaṅghati,Abhilaṅghati,Abhilaṅghati,[abhi + laṅghati] to ascend,rise,travel or pass over (of the moon traversing the sky) J.III,364; VI,221. (Page 69),12,1
  235. 4732,en,15,abhilapa,abhilāpa,Abhilāpa,Abhilāpa,[fr. abhi + <em>lap</em>] talk,phrasing,expression Sn.49 (vācâbhilāpa making phrases,talking,idle or objectionable speech = tiracchanakathā Nd<sup>2</sup> 561); It.89 (? reading abhilāpāyaṃ uncertain,vv. ll. abhipāyaṃ abhipāpāyaṃ,abhisāpāyaṃ,abhisapāyaṃ,atisappāyaṃ. The corresp. passage S.III,93 reads abhisapayaṃ:curse,and C. on It.89 expl<sup>s.</sup> abhilāpo ti akkoso,see Brethren 376 n. 1); Dhs.1306 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 34 (as exegesis or paraphrase of adhivacana,comb<sup>d.</sup> with vyañjana &#38; trsl. by Mrs. Rh. D. as “a distinctive mark of discourse”); DA.I,20,23,281; DhsA.51. (Page 69),8,1
  236. 4758,en,15,abhilasa,abhilāsa,Abhilāsa,Abhilāsa,[Sk. abhilāṣa,abhi + <em>laṣ</em>] desire,wish,longing PvA.154. (Page 69),8,1
  237. 4773,en,15,abhilekheti,abhilekheti,Abhilekheti,Abhilekheti,[Caus. of abhi + <em>likh</em>] to cause to be inscribed Dāvs.V,67 (cāritta-lekhaṃ °lekhayi). (Page 69),11,1
  238. 4779,en,15,abhilepana,abhilepana,Abhilepana,Abhilepana,(nt.) [abhi + lepana] “smearing over”,stain,pollution Sn.1032,1033 = Nett 10,11 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 88 = laggana “sticking to”,bandhana,upakkilesa). (Page 69),10,1
  239. 4811,en,15,abhimaddati,abhimaddati,Abhimaddati,Abhimaddati,[Sk. abhimardati &#38; °mṛdnāti; abhi + <em>mṛd</em>] to crush S.I,102; A.I,198; Sdhp.288. (Page 68),11,1
  240. 4829,en,15,abhimana,abhimana,Abhimana,Abhimana,(adj.) [abhi + mano,BSk. abhimana,e. g. M Vastu III,259] having one’s mind turned on,thinking of or on (c. Acc.) Th.1,1122; J.VI,451. (Page 68),8,1
  241. 4839,en,15,abhimanapa,abhimanāpa,Abhimanāpa,Abhimanāpa,(adj.) [abhi + manāpa] very pleasing VvA.53 (where id. p. at PvA.71 has <i>atimanāpa</i>). (Page 68),10,1
  242. 4844,en,15,abhimandita,abhimaṇḍita,Abhimaṇḍita,Abhimaṇḍita,(pp. --°) [abhi + maṇḍita] adorned,embellished,beautified Miln.361; Sdhp.17. (Page 67),11,1
  243. 4852,en,15,abhimangala,abhimaṅgala,Abhimaṅgala,Abhimaṅgala,(adj.) [abhi + maṅgala] (very) fortunate,lucky,anspicious,in °sammatā (of Visākhā) “benedicted”,blessed Vin.III,187 = DhA.I,409. Opp. avamaṅgala. (Page 67),11,1
  244. 4878,en,15,abhimantheti,abhimantheti,Abhimantheti,Abhimantheti,see <i>abhimatthati</i>. (Page 68),12,1
  245. 4889,en,15,abhimara,abhimāra,Abhimāra,Abhimāra,[cp. Sk. abhimara slaughter] a bandit,bravo,robber J.II,199; DA.I,152. (Page 68),8,1
  246. 4903,en,15,abhimata,abhimata,Abhimata,Abhimata,(adj.) [BSk. abhimata,e. g. Jtm 211; pp. of abhimanyate] desired,wished for; agreeable,pleasant C. on Th.1,91. (Page 67),8,1
  247. 4922,en,15,abhimatthati,abhimatthati,Abhimatthati,Abhimatthati,(°eti) &#38; <i>°mantheti</i> [abhi + <em>math</em> or <em>manth</em>,cp. nimmatheti] 1. to cleave,cut; to crush,destroy M.I,243 (sikharena muddhānaṃ °mantheti); S.I,127; Dh.161 (v. l. °nth°); J.IV,457 (matthako sikharena °matthiyamāno); DhA.III,152 (= kantati viddhaṃseti). -- 2. to rub,to produce by friction (esp. fire,aggiṃ; cp. Vedic agniṃ nirmanthati) M.I,240. (Page 68),12,1
  248. 4941,en,15,abhimukha,abhimukha,Abhimukha,Abhimukha,(adj.) [abhi + mukha] facing,turned towards,approaching J.II,3 (°ā ahesuṃ met each other). Usually --° turned to,going to,inclined towards D.I,50 (purattha°); J.I,203 (devaloka°),223 (varaṇa-rukkha°); II,3 (nagara°),416 (Jetavana°); DhA.I,170 (tad°); II,89 (nagara°); PvA.3 (kāma°,opp. vimukha),74 (uyyāna°). -- nt. <i>°ṃ</i> adv. to,towards J.I,263 (matta-vāraṇe); PvA.4 (āghātana°,may here be taken as pred. adj.); DhA.III,310 (uttara°). (Page 68),9,1
  249. 5014,en,15,abhinadati,abhinadati,Abhinadati,Abhinadati,[abhi + nadati] to resound,to be full of noise J.VI,531. Cp. <i>abhinādita</i>. (Page 65),10,1
  250. 5040,en,15,abhinadita,abhinādita,Abhinādita,Abhinādita,[pp. of abhinādeti,Caus. of abhi + <em>nad</em><i>;</i> see <i>nadati</i>] resounding with (-°),filled with the noise (or song) of (birds) J.VI,530 (= abhinadanto C.); PvA.157 (= abhiruda). (Page 65),10,1
  251. 5049,en,15,abhinamati,abhinamati,Abhinamati,Abhinamati,[abhi + namati] to bend. -- pp. <i>abhinata</i> (q.v.). (Page 65),10,1
  252. 5069,en,15,abhinandana,abhinandana,Abhinandana,Abhinandana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr. abhinandati,cp. <i>nandanā</i>],pleasure,delight,enjoyment D.I,244; M.I,498; J.IV,397. (Page 65),11,1
  253. 5117,en,15,abhinandati,abhinandati,Abhinandati,Abhinandati,[abhi + nandati] to rejoice at,find pleasure in (Acc.),approve of,be pleased or delighted with (Acc.) D.I,46 (bhāsitaṃ),55 (id.),158,223; M.I,109,458; S.I,32 (annaṃ),57,14,(cakkhuṃ,rūpe etc.); A.IV,411; Th.1,606; Dh.75,219; Sn.1054,1057,1111; Nd<sup>2</sup> 82; Miln.25; DA.I,160; DhA.III,194 (aor. abhinandi,opp. paṭikkosi) VvA.65 (vacanaṃ). -- pp. <i>abhinandita</i> (q. v.). ‹-› Often in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>abhivadati</i> (q. v.). (Page 65),11,1
  254. 5137,en,15,abhinandin,abhinandin,Abhinandin,Abhinandin,(adj.) [fr. abhinandati,cp. <i>nandin</i>] rejoicing at,finding pleasure in (Loc. or --°),enjoying A.II,54 (piyarūpa); esp. freq. in phrase (taṇhā) tatratatr’âbhinandinī finding its pleasure in this or that [cp. B.Sk. tṛṣṇā tatra-tatr’âbhinandinī M Vastu III,332] Vin.I,10; S.V,421; Ps.II,147; Nett 72,etc. (Page 65),10,1
  255. 5142,en,15,abhinandita,abhinandita,Abhinandita,Abhinandita,[pp. of abhinandati] only in <i>an°</i> not enjoyed,not (being) an object of pleasure S.IV,213 = It.38; S.V,319. (Page 65),11,1
  256. 5167,en,15,abhinata,abhinata,Abhinata,Abhinata,[pp. of abhi + namati] bent,(strained,fig. bent on pleasure M.I,386 (+ apanata); S.I,28 (id.; Mrs. Rh. D. “strained forth”,cp. Kindred S.I,39). See also <i>apanata</i>. (Page 65),8,1
  257. 5179,en,15,abhinava,abhinava,Abhinava,Abhinava,(adj.) [abhi + nava] quite young,new or fresh Vin.III,337; J.II,143 (devaputta),435 (so read for accuṇha in expl<sup>n</sup> of paccaggha; v.v. ll. abbhuṇha &#38; abhiṇha); ThA.201 (°yobbana = abhiyobbana); PvA.40 (°saṇṭhāna),87 (= paccaggha) 155. (Page 65),8,1
  258. 5251,en,15,abhinaya,abhinaya,Abhinaya,Abhinaya,[abhi + naya] a dramatic representation VvA.209 (sākhā°). (Page 65),8,1
  259. 5266,en,15,abhindati,ābhindati,Ābhindati,Ābhindati,[ā + bhindati] to split,cut,strike (with an axe) S.IV,160 (v. l. a°). (Page 103),9,1
  260. 5314,en,15,abhinham,abhiṇhaṃ,Abhiṇhaṃ,Abhiṇhaṃ,(adv.) [contracted form of abhikkhaṇaṃ] repeatedly,continuous,often M.I,442 (°āpattika a habitual offender),446 (°kāraṇa continuous practice); Sn.335 (°saṃvāsa continuous living together); J.I,190; Pug.32; DhA.II,239; VvA.116 (= abhikkhaṇa),207,332; PvA.107 (= abhikkhaṇaṃ). Cp. <i>abhiṇhaso</i>. (Page 64),8,1
  261. 5370,en,15,abhinhaso,abhiṇhaso,Abhiṇhaso,Abhiṇhaso,(adv.) [adv. case fr. abhiṇha; cp. bahuso = Sk. bahuśaḥ] always,ever S.I,194; Th.1,25; Sn.559,560,998. (Page 64),9,1
  262. 5399,en,15,abhinibbatta,abhinibbatta,Abhinibbatta,Abhinibbatta,[abhi + nibbatta,pp. of abhinibbattati] reproduced,reborn A.IV,40,401; Nd<sup>2</sup> 256 (nibbatta abhi° pātubhūta); Dhs.1035,1036 (so read for° nippatta); VvA.9 (puññ’ânubhāva° by the power of merit). (Page 66),12,1
  263. 5423,en,15,abhinibbattati,abhinibbattati,Abhinibbattati,Abhinibbattati,[abhi + nibbattati] to become,to be reproduced,to result Pug.51. -- pp. <i>abhinibbatta</i>. -- Cp. B.Sk. wrongly abhinivartate]. (Page 66),14,1
  264. 5443,en,15,abhinibbatteti,abhinibbatteti,Abhinibbatteti,Abhinibbatteti,[abhi + nibbatteti,caus. of °nibbattati] to produce,cause,cause to become S.III,152; A.V,47; Nd<sup>2</sup> under jāneti. (Page 66),14,1
  265. 5455,en,15,abhinibbatti,abhinibbatti,Abhinibbatti,Abhinibbatti,(f.) [abhi + nibbatti] becoming,birth,rebirth,D.I,229; II,283 (v. l. for abhinipphatti) S.II,65 (punabbhava°),101 (id.); IV,14,215; A.V,121; PvA.35. (Page 66),12,1
  266. 5485,en,15,abhinibbhida,abhinibbhidā,Abhinibbhidā,Abhinibbhidā,(f.) [this the better,although not correct spelling; there exists a confusion with <i>abhinibbidā</i>,therefore spelling also <i>abhinibbidhā</i> (Vin.III,4,C. on Nett 98). To abhinibbijjhati,cp. B.Sk. abhinirbheda M Vastu I.272,which is wrongly referred to <em>bhid</em> instead of <em>vyadh</em>] the successful breaking through (like the chick through the shell of the egg),coming into (proper) life Vin.III,4; M.I,104; 357; Nett 98 (C. reading). See also <i>abhinibbidā</i>. (Page 66),12,1
  267. 5501,en,15,abhinibbida,abhinibbidā,Abhinibbidā,Abhinibbidā,(f.) [abhi + nibbidā; confused with abhinibbhidā] disgust with the world,taedium Nett 61 (taken as abhinibbhidā,according to expl<sup>n.</sup> as “padālanā-paññatti avijj°aṇḍa-kosānaṃ”),98 (so MSS,but C. abhinibbidhā). (Page 66),11,1
  268. 5509,en,15,abhinibbijjati,abhinibbijjati,Abhinibbijjati,Abhinibbijjati,[either Med. fr. nibbindati of <i>vid</i> for *nirvidyate (see nibbindati B),or secondary formation fr. ger. nibbijja. Reading however not beyond all doubt] to be disgusted with,to avoid,shun,turn away from Sn.281 (T. abhinibbijjayātha,v. l. BB° nibbijjiyātha &#38; °nibbajjiyātha,SnA expl<sup>s.</sup> by vivajjeyyātha mā bhajeyyātha; v. l. BB. abhinippajjiyā) = A.IV,172 (T. abhinibbajjayātha,vv. ll. °nibbajjeyyātha &#38; °nibbijjayātha); ger. <i>abhinibbijja</i> Th.2,84. (Page 66),14,1
  269. 5518,en,15,abhinibbijjhati,abhinibbijjhati,Abhinibbijjhati,Abhinibbijjhati,[abhi + nibbijjhati] to break quite through (of the chick coming through the shell of the egg) Vin.III,3; M.I,104 = S.III,153 (read° nibbijjheyyun for nibbijjeyyun -- Cp. Buddh. Suttas 233,234. (Page 66),15,1
  270. 5526,en,15,abhinibbuta,abhinibbuta,Abhinibbuta,Abhinibbuta,(adj.) [abhi + nibbuta] perfectly cooled,calmed,serene,esp. in two phrases,viz. <i>diṭṭha dhamm</i>’<i>âbhinibbuta</i> A.I,142 = M.III,187; Sn.1087; Nd<sup>2</sup> 83,and <i>abhinibbutatta</i> of cooled mind Sn.343 (= apariḍayhamāna-citta SnA 347),456,469,783. Also at Sdhp. 35. (Page 66),11,1
  271. 5545,en,15,abhinigganhana,abhiniggaṇhanā,Abhiniggaṇhanā,Abhiniggaṇhanā,(f.) [abstr. fr. abhiniggaṇhāti] holding back Vin.III,121 (+ abhinippīḷanā). (Page 65),14,1
  272. 5554,en,15,abhinigganhati,abhiniggaṇhāti,Abhiniggaṇhāti,Abhiniggaṇhāti,[abhi + niggaṇhāti] to hold back,restrain,prevent,prohibit; always in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>abhinippīḷeti</i> M.I,120; A.V,230. -- Cp. <i>abhiniggaṇhanā</i>. (Page 65),14,1
  273. 5572,en,15,abhinihanati,abhinīhanati,Abhinīhanati,Abhinīhanati,[abhi + nis + <em>han</em>,cp. Sk. nirhanti] to drive away,put away,destroy,remove,avoid M.I,119 (in phrase āṇiṃ a. abhinīharati abhinivajjeti). (Page 66),12,1
  274. 5582,en,15,abhinihara,abhinīhāra,Abhinīhāra,Abhinīhāra,[abhi + nīhāra,to abhinīharati; cp. BSk. sarīr’âbhinirhāra taking (the body) out to burial,lit. meaning,see note on abhinīharati] being bent on (“downward force” Dhs.trsl. 242),i. e. taking oneself out to,way of acting,(proper) behaviour,endeavour,resolve,aspiration S.III,267 sq. (°kusala); A.II,189; III,311; IV,34 (°kusala); J.I,14 (Buddhabhāvāya a. resolve to become a Buddha),15 (Buddhattāya); Ps.I,61 sq.; II,121; Nett 26; Miln.216; DhA.I,392; II,82 (kata°). (Page 67),10,1
  275. 5652,en,15,abhiniharati,abhinīharati,Abhinīharati,Abhinīharati,[abhi + nīharati] 1. to take out,throw out M.I,119 (see abhinīhanati). -- 2. to direct to,to apply to (orig. to isolate? Is reading correct?) in phrase <i>ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti</i> D.I,76 (= tanninnaṃ tappoṇaṃ karoti DA.I,220,224; v. l. abhini°) Cp. the latter phrase also in BSk. as abhijñâbhinirhāra Av. Ś II.3 (see ref. &#38; note Index p. 221); and the pp. abhinirhṛta (ṛddhiḥ) in Divy 48,49 to obtain? Ind.),264 (take to burial),542. (Page 66),12,1
  276. 5670,en,15,abhinihata,abhinihata,Abhinihata,Abhinihata,(pp.) [abhi + nihata] oppressed. crushed,slain J.IV,4. (Page 66),10,1
  277. 5691,en,15,abhinikkhamana,abhinikkhamana,Abhinikkhamana,Abhinikkhamana,(nt.) [abhi + nikkhamana] departure,going away,esp. the going out into monastic life,retirement,renunciation. Usually as <i>mahā°</i> the great renunciation J.I,61; PvA.19. (Page 65),14,1
  278. 5713,en,15,abhinikkhamati,abhinikkhamati,Abhinikkhamati,Abhinikkhamati,[abhi + nikkhamati] to go forth from (Abl.),go out,issue Dhs.A 91; esp. fig. to leave the household life,to retire from the world Sn.64 (= gehā abhinikkhamitvā kāsāya-vattho hutvā SnA. 117). (Page 65),14,1
  279. 5745,en,15,abhinikkhipati,abhinikkhipati,Abhinikkhipati,Abhinikkhipati,[abhi + nikkhipati] to lay down,put down Davs III,12,60. (Page 65),14,1
  280. 5760,en,15,abhinikujita,abhinikūjita,Abhinikūjita,Abhinikūjita,(adj.) [abhi + nikūjita] resounding with,full of the noise of (birds) J.V,232 (of the barking of a dog),304 (of the cuckoo); so read for °kuñjita T.). Cp. <i>abhikūjita</i>. (Page 65),12,1
  281. 5768,en,15,abhinila,abhinīla,Abhinīla,Abhinīla,(adj.) [abhi + nīla] very black,deep black,only with ref. to the eyes,in phrase <i>°netta</i> with deep-black eyes D.II,18; III,144,167 sq. [cp. Sp. Av. Ś I.367 &#38; 370 abhinīla-padma-netra]; Th.2,257 (nettā ahesuṃ abbinīla-m-āyatā). (Page 66),8,1
  282. 5783,en,15,abhinimantanata,abhinimantanatā,Abhinimantanatā,Abhinimantanatā,(f.) [abstr. to abhinimanteti] speaking to,adressing,invitation M.I,331. (Page 66),15,1
  283. 5790,en,15,abhinimanteti,abhinimanteti,Abhinimanteti,Abhinimanteti,[abhi + nimanteti] to invite to (c. Instr.),to offer to D.I,61 (āsanena). (Page 66),13,1
  284. 5796,en,15,abhinimmadana,abhinimmadana,Abhinimmadana,Abhinimmadana,(nt.) [abhi + nimmadana] crushing,subduing,levelling out M.III,132; A.IV,189 sq. (Page 66),13,1
  285. 5816,en,15,abhinimminati,abhinimmināti,Abhinimmināti,Abhinimmināti,[abhi + nimmināti,cp. BSk. abhinirmāti Jtm 32; abhinirminoti Divy 251; abhinirmimīte Divy 166] to create (by magic),produce,shape,make S.III,152 (rūpaṃ); A.I,279 (oḷārikaṃ attabhāvaṃ); Nd<sup>2</sup> under pucchā<sup>6</sup> (rūpaṃ manomayaṃ); VvA.16 (mahantaṃ hatthi-rāja-vaṇṇaṃ). -- pp. <i>abhinimmita</i> (q. v.). (Page 66),13,1
  286. 5831,en,15,abhinimmita,abhinimmita,Abhinimmita,Abhinimmita,[abhi + nimmita,pp. of abhinimmināti] created (by magic) Vv 16<sup>1</sup> (pañca rathā satā; cp. VvA.79). (Page 66),11,1
  287. 5842,en,15,abhinindriya,abhinindriya,Abhinindriya,Abhinindriya,[vv. ll. at all passages for <i>ahīnindriya</i>] doubtful meaning. The other is expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh at DA.I,120 as paripuṇṇ°; and at 222 as avikal-indriya not defective,perfect sense-organ. He must have read ahīn°. Abhi-n-indriya could only be expl<sup>d</sup> as “with supersenseorgans”,i. e. with organs of supernormal thought or perception,thus coming near in meaning to <i>*abhiññindriya;</i> We should read ahīn° throughout D.I,34,77,186,195. II.13; M.II,18; III,121; Nd<sup>2</sup> under pucchā<sup>6</sup> (only ahīn°). (Page 65),12,1
  288. 5852,en,15,abhininnameti,abhininnāmeti,Abhininnāmeti,Abhininnāmeti,[abhi + ninnāmeti cp. BSk. abhinirṇāmayati Lal.V,439] to bend towards,to turn or direct to D.I,76 (cittaṃ ñāṇa-dassanāya); M.I,234; S.I,123; IV,178; Pug.60. (Page 65),13,1
  289. 5869,en,15,abhinipajjati,abhinipajjati,Abhinipajjati,Abhinipajjati,[abhi + nipajjati] to lie down on Vin.IV,273 (+ abhinisīdati); A.IV,188 (in = Acc. + abhinisīdati); Pug.67 (id.). (Page 65),13,1
  290. 5892,en,15,abhinipata,abhinipāta,Abhinipāta,Abhinipāta,(-matta) destroying,hurting (?) at Vbh.321 is expl<sup>d.</sup> by āpātha-matta [cp. Divy 125 śastrâbhinipāta splitting open or cutting with a knife]. (Page 65),10,1
  291. 5904,en,15,abhinipatana,abhinipātana,Abhinipātana,Abhinipātana,(nt.) [fr. abhi-ni-pāteti in <i>daṇḍa-sattha°</i> attacking with stick or knife Nd<sup>2</sup> 576<sup>4</sup>. (Page 65),12,1
  292. 5925,en,15,abhinipatati,abhinipatati,Abhinipatati,Abhinipatati,[abhi + nipatati] to rush on (to) J.II,8. (Page 65),12,1
  293. 5938,en,15,abhinipatin,abhinipātin,Abhinipātin,Abhinipātin,(adj.) [abhi + nipātin] falling on io (-°) J.II,7. (Page 65),11,1
  294. 5943,en,15,abhinippajjati,abhinippajjati,Abhinippajjati,Abhinippajjati,[abhi + nippajjati] to be produced,accrue,get,come (to) M.I,86 (bhogā abhinipphajjanti:sic) = Nd<sup>2</sup> 99 (has n’âbhinippajjanti). -- Cp. <i>abhinipphādeti</i>. (Page 65),14,1
  295. 5948,en,15,abhinippanna,abhinippanna,Abhinippanna,Abhinippanna,( &#38; <i>°nipphanna</i>) [abhi + nippanna,pp. of °nippajjati] produced,effected,accomplished D.II,223 (siloka); J.VI,36 (so read for abhinippata); Miln.8 (pph.). (Page 65),12,1
  296. 5950,en,15,abhinippata,abhinippata,Abhinippata,Abhinippata,at J.VI,36 is to be read <i>abhinippanna</i> (so v. l. BB.). (Page 65),11,1
  297. 5951,en,15,abhinippatta,abhinippatta,Abhinippatta,Abhinippatta,at Dhs.1035,1036 is to be read <i>abhinibbatta</i>. (Page 65),12,1
  298. 5964,en,15,abhinipphadeti,abhinipphādeti,Abhinipphādeti,Abhinipphādeti,[abhi + nipphādeti] to bring into existence,produce,effect,work,perform D.I,78 (bhājana-vikatiṃ); Vin.II,183 (iddhiṃ); S.V,156,255; Miln.39. (Page 66),14,1
  299. 5999,en,15,abhinipphatti,abhinipphatti,Abhinipphatti,Abhinipphatti,(f.) [abhi + nipphatti] production,effecting D.II,283 (v. l. °nibbatti). (Page 66),13,1
  300. 6007,en,15,abhinippilana,abhinippīḷanā,Abhinippīḷanā,Abhinippīḷanā,(f.) [abstr. to abhinippīḷeti,cp. nippīḷana] pressing,squeezing,taking hold of Vin.III,121 (+ abhiniggaṇhanā). (Page 66),13,1
  301. 6019,en,15,abhinippileti,abhinippīḷeti,Abhinippīḷeti,Abhinippīḷeti,[abhi + nippīḷeti] to squeeze,crush,subdue Vism.399; often in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>abhiniggaṇhāti</i> M.I,120; A.V,230. (Page 66),13,1
  302. 6026,en,15,abhinipuna,abhinipuṇa,Abhinipuṇa,Abhinipuṇa,(adj.) [abhi + nipuṇa] very thorough,very clever D.III,167. (Page 65),10,1
  303. 6034,en,15,abhiniropana,abhiniropana,Abhiniropana,Abhiniropana,(nt.) &#38; <i>Abhiniropanā</i> (f.) [fr. abhiniropeti] fixing one’s mind upon,application of the mind Ps.I,16,21,30,69,75,90; Vbh.87; Dhs.7,21,298 (cp. Dhs.trsl. II.19). See also <i>abhiropana</i>. (Page 66),12,1
  304. 6074,en,15,abhiniropeti,abhiniropeti,Abhiniropeti,Abhiniropeti,[abhi + niropeti] to implant,fix into (one’s mind),inculcate Nett 33. (Page 66),12,1
  305. 6100,en,15,abhinisidati,abhinisīdati,Abhinisīdati,Abhinisīdati,[abhi + nisīdati] to sit down by or on (Acc.),always comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>abhinipajjati</i> Vin.III,29; IV,273; A.V,188; Pug.67. (Page 66),12,1
  306. 6130,en,15,abhinissata,abhinissaṭa,Abhinissaṭa,Abhinissaṭa,(pp.) [abhi + nissaṭa] escaped Th.1,1089. (Page 66),11,1
  307. 6144,en,15,abhinita,abhinīta,Abhinīta,Abhinīta,(pp.) [pp. of abhi-neti] led to,brought to,obliged by (-°) M.I,463 = Miln.32 (rājā &#38; cora°); M.I,282; S.III,93; Th.1,350 = 435 (vātaroga° “foredone with cramping pains” Mrs. Rk. D.); Pug.29; Miln.362. (Page 66),8,1
  308. 6158,en,15,abhinivajjeti,abhinivajjeti,Abhinivajjeti,Abhinivajjeti,[abhi + nivajjeti] to avoid,get rid of D.III,113; M.I,119,364,402; S.V,119,295,318; A.III,169 sq.; It.81. (Page 66),13,1
  309. 6165,en,15,abhinivassati,abhinivassati,Abhinivassati,Abhinivassati,[abhi + ni + vassati fr. <i>vṛṣ</i>] lit. to pour out in abundance,fig. to produce in plenty. Cp I.10<sup>3</sup> (kalyāṇe good deeds). (Page 66),13,1
  310. 6177,en,15,abhinivesa,abhinivesa,Abhinivesa,Abhinivesa,[abhi + nivesa,see nivesa<sup>2</sup> &#38; cp. nivesana] “settling in”,i. e. wishing for,tendency towards (-°),inclination,adherence; as adj. liking,loving,being given or inclined to D.III,230; M.I,136,251; S.II,17; III,10,13,135,161,186 (saṃyojana° IV.50; A.III,363 (paṭhavī°,adj.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 227 (gāha parāmasa +); Pug.22; Vbh.145; Dhs.381,1003,1099; Nett 28; PvA.252 (micchā°),267 (taṇhā°); Sdhp.71. -- Often comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>adhiṭṭhāna</i> e. g. S.II,17; Nd<sup>2</sup> 176,and in phrase <i>idaṃ- sacc</i>’<i>âbhinivesa</i> adherence to one’s dogmas,as one of the 4 Ties:see kāyagantha and cp. Cpd. 171 n.5. (Page 66),10,1
  311. 6273,en,15,abhinivisati,abhinivisati,Abhinivisati,Abhinivisati,[abhi + nivisati] to cling to,adhere to,be attached to Nd<sup>1</sup> 308,309 (parāmasati +). -- pp. <i>abhiniviṭṭha;</i> cp. also <i>abhinivesa</i>. (Page 66),12,1
  312. 6295,en,15,abhinivittha,abhiniviṭṭha,Abhiniviṭṭha,Abhiniviṭṭha,(adj.) [abhi + niviṭṭha,pp. of abhi-nivisati] “settled in”,attached to,clinging on Nd<sup>2</sup> 152 (gahita parāmaṭṭha a.); PvA.267 (= ajjhāsita Pv IV.8<sup>4</sup>). (Page 66),12,1
  313. 6329,en,15,abhinna,abhiñña,Abhiñña,Abhiñña,(adj.) (usually --°) [Sk. abhijña] knowing,possessed of knowledge,esp. higher or supernormal knowledge (abhiññā),intelligent; thus in <i>chalabhiñña</i> one who possesses the 6 abhiññās Vin.III,88; <i>dandh°</i> of sluggish intellect D.III,106; A.II,149; V,63 (opp. khipp°); <i>mah°</i> of great insight S.II,139. -- Compar. <i>abhiññatara</i> S.V,159 (read bhiyyo °bhiññataro). (Page 63),7,1
  314. 6344,en,15,abhinna,abhiññā,Abhiññā,Abhiññā,<sup>2</sup> ger. of <i>abhijānāti</i>. (Page 64),7,1
  315. 6345,en,15,abhinna,abhiññā,Abhiññā,Abhiññā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [fr. abhi + <em>jñā</em>,see jānāti]. Rare in the older texts. It appears in two contexts. Firstly,certain conditions are said to conduce (inter alia) to serenity,to special knowledge <i>(abhiññā)</i>,to special wisdom,and to Nibbāna. These conditions precedent are the Path (S.V,421 = Vin.I,10 = S.IV,331),the Path + best knowledge and full emancipation (A.V,238),the Four Applications of Mindfulness (S.V,179) and the Four Steps to Iddhi (S.V,255). The contrary is three times stated; wrong-doing,priestly superstitions,and vain speculation do not conduce to abhiññā and the rest (D.III,131; A.III,325 sq. andV,216). Secondly,we find a list of what might now be called psychic powers. It gives us 1,Iddhi (cp. levitation); 2,the Heavenly Ear (cp. clairaudience); 3,knowing others’thoughts (cp. thought-reading); 4,recollecting one’s previous births; 5,knowing other people’s rebirths; 6,certainty of emancipation already attained (cp. final assurance). This list occurs only at D.III,281 as a list of abhiññās. It stands there in a sort of index of principal subjects appended at the end of the Dīgha,and belongs therefore to the very close of the Nikāya period. But it is based on older material. Descriptions of each of the six,not called abhiññā’s,and interspersed by expository sentences or paragraphs,are found at D.I,89 sq. (trsl. Dial. I.89 sq.); M.I,34 (see Buddh. Suttas,210 sq.); A.I,255,258 = III,17,280 = IV.421. At S.I,191; Vin.II,16; Pug.14,we have the adj. <i>chaḷabhiññā</i> (“endowed with the 6 Apperceptions”). At S.II,216 we have five,and at S.V,282,290 six abhiññā’s mentioned in glosses to the text. And at S.II,217,222 a bhikkhu claims the 6 powers. See also M.II,11; III,96. It is from these passages that the list at D.III,has been made up,and called abhiññā’s.<br><br> Afterwards the use of the word becomes stereotyped. In the Old Commentaries (in the Canon),in the later ones (of the 5<sup>th</sup> cent. A.D.),and in medieval and modern Pāli,abhiññā,nine times out ten,means just the powers given in this list. Here and there we find glimpses of the older,wider meaning of special,supernormal power of apperception and knowledge to be acquired by long training in life aud thought. See Nd<sup>1</sup> 108,328 (expl<sup>n.</sup> of ñāṇa); Nd<sup>2</sup> s. v. and N<sup>0</sup>. 466; Ps.I,35; II,156,189; Vbh.228,334; Pug.14; Nett 19,20; Miln.342; Vism.373; Mhvs XIX.20; DA.I,175; DhA.II,49; IV,30; Sdhp.228,470,482. See also the discussion in the Cpd. 60 sp.,224 sq. For the phrase sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā and abhiññā-vosita see abhijānāti. The late phrase yath’abhiññaṃ means “as you please,according to liking,as you like” ,J.V,365 (= yathādhippāyaṃ yathāruciṃ C.). For abhiññā in the use of an adj. (°abhiñña) see <i>abhiñña</i>. (Page 64),7,1
  316. 6578,en,15,abhinnata,abhiññatā,Abhiññatā,Abhiññatā,(f.) [fr. abhiññā] in cpd. <i>mahā°</i> state or condition of great intelligence or supernormal knowledge S.IV,263; V,175,298 sq. (Page 64),9,1
  317. 6587,en,15,abhinnata,abhiññāta,Abhiññāta,Abhiññāta,[pp. of abhijānāti] 1. known,recognised Sn.588 (abhiññeyyaṃ °ṃ). -- 2. (well)--known,distinguished D.I,89 (°kolañña = pākaṭa-kulaja DA.I,252),235; Sn.p. 115. (Page 64),9,1
  318. 6683,en,15,abhinneyya,abhiññeyya,Abhiññeyya,Abhiññeyya,grd. of <i>abhijānāti</i>. (Page 64),10,1
  319. 6734,en,15,abhipaleti,abhipāleti,Abhipāleti,Abhipāleti,[abhi + pāleti] to protect Vv 84<sup>21</sup>,cp. VvA.341. (Page 67),10,1
  320. 6747,en,15,abhiparuta,abhipāruta,Abhipāruta,Abhipāruta,(adj.) [abhi + pāruta,pp. of abhipārupati] dressed Miln.222. (Page 67),10,1
  321. 6755,en,15,abhipassati,abhipassati,Abhipassati,Abhipassati,[abhi + passati] to have regard for,look for,strive after A.I,147 (Nibbānaṃ); III,75; Sn.896 (khema°),1070 (rattamahā°) Nd<sup>1</sup> 308; Nd<sup>2</sup> 428; J.VI,370. (Page 67),11,1
  322. 6760,en,15,abhipateti,abhipāteti,Abhipāteti,Abhipāteti,[abhi + pāteti] to make fall,to bring to fall,to throw J.II,91 (kaṇḍaṃ). (Page 67),10,1
  323. 6791,en,15,abhipattheti,abhipattheti,Abhipattheti,Abhipattheti,[abhi + pattheti] to hope for,long for,wish for Kh VIII,10; SnA 320; DhA.I,30. -- pp. <i>abhipatthita</i> (q. v.). (Page 67),12,1
  324. 6799,en,15,abhipatthita,abhipatthita,Abhipatthita,Abhipatthita,(pp.) [fr. abhipattheti] hoped,wished,longed for Miln.383; SnA 85. (Page 67),12,1
  325. 6808,en,15,abhipattika,abhipattika,Abhipattika,Abhipattika,(adj.) [fr. abhipatti] one who has attained,attaining (-°),getting possession of S.I,200 (devakañña°). (Page 67),11,1
  326. 6825,en,15,abhipileti,abhipīḷeti,Abhipīḷeti,Abhipīḷeti,[abhi + pīḷeti] to crush,squeeze Miln.166. ‹-› pp. <i>abhipīḷita</i> (q. v.). (Page 67),10,1
  327. 6829,en,15,abhipilita,abhipīḷita,Abhipīḷita,Abhipīḷita,(pp.) [fr. abhipiḷeti] crushed,squeezed Sdhp.278,279. (Page 67),10,1
  328. 6836,en,15,abhippaharana,abhippaharaṇa,Abhippaharaṇa,Abhippaharaṇa,(nt.) [abhi + paharaṇa] attacking,fighting,as adj. f. <i>°aṇī</i> fighting,Ep. of Mārassa senā,the army of M. Sn.439 (kaṇhassa° the fighting army of k. = samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ nippothanī antarāyakārī SnA 390). (Page 67),13,1
  329. 6845,en,15,abhippakinna,abhippakiṇṇa,Abhippakiṇṇa,Abhippakiṇṇa,[pp. of abhippakirati] completely strewn (with) J.I,62. (Page 67),12,1
  330. 6856,en,15,abhippakirati,abhippakirati,Abhippakirati,Abhippakirati,[abhi + pakirati] to strew over,to cover (completely) D.II,137 (pupphāni Tathāgatassa sarīraṃ okiranti ajjhokiranti a.); VvA.38 (for abbhokirati Vv 5<sup>9</sup>). ‹-› pp. <i>abhippakiṇṇa</i> (q. v.). (Page 67),13,1
  331. 6863,en,15,abhippalambati,abhippalambati,Abhippalambati,Abhippalambati,[abhi + palambati] to hang down M.III,164 (olambati ajjholambati a.). (Page 67),14,1
  332. 6882,en,15,abhippamodati,abhippamodati,Abhippamodati,Abhippamodati,[abhi + pamodati] to rejoice (intrs.); to please,satisfy (trs,c. Acc.) M.I,425; S.V,312,330; A.V,112; J III 530; Ps.I,95,176,190. (Page 67),13,1
  333. 6899,en,15,abhippasada,abhippasāda,Abhippasāda,Abhippasāda,[abhi + pasāda,cp. BSk. abhiprasāda Av. Ś 12 (cittasyu°) &#38; vippasāda] faith,belief,reliance,trust Dhs.12 (“sense of assurance” trsl.,+ saddhā),25,96,288; PvA.223. (Page 67),11,1
  334. 6906,en,15,abhippasadeti,abhippasādeti,Abhippasādeti,Abhippasādeti,[Caus. of abhippasīdati,cp. BSk. abhiprasādayati Divy 68,85,pp. abhiprasādita-manāḥ Jtm 213,220] to establish one’s faith in (Loc.),to be reconciled with,to propitiate Th.1,1173 = Vv 21<sup>2</sup> (manaṃ arahantamhi = cittaṃ pasādeti VvA.105). (Page 67),13,1
  335. 6917,en,15,abhippasanna,abhippasanna,Abhippasanna,Abhippasanna,(adj.) [pp. of abhippasīdati,cp. BSk. abhiprasanna] finding one’s peace in (c. Loc.),trusting in,having faith in,believing in,devoted to (Loc.) Vin.III,43; D.I,211 (Bhagavati) S.I,134; IV,319; V,225,378; A.III,237,270,326 sq.; Sn.p. 104 (brāhmaṇesu); PvA.54 (sāsand),142 (id.). Cp. <i>vippasanna</i> in same meaning. (Page 67),12,1
  336. 6937,en,15,abhippasareti,abhippāsāreti,Abhippāsāreti,Abhippāsāreti,[abhi + pasāreti,cp. BSk. abhiprasārayati Divy 389] to stretch out Vin.I,179 (pāde). (Page 67),13,1
  337. 6944,en,15,abhippasidati,abhippasīdati,Abhippasīdati,Abhippasīdati,[abhi + pasīdati] to have faith in D.I,211 (fut. °issati). -- pp. <i>abhippasanna;</i> Caus. <i>abhippasādeti</i>. (Page 67),13,1
  338. 6959,en,15,abhippavassati,abhippavassati,Abhippavassati,Abhippavassati,[abhi + pavassati] to shed rain upon,to pour down; intrs. to rain,to pour,fall. Usually in phrase mahāmegho abhippavassati a great cloud bursts Miln.8,13,36,304; PvA.132 (v. l. ati°); intrs. Miln.18 (pupphāni °iṃsu poured down). -- pp. <i>abhippavuṭṭha</i>. (Page 67),14,1
  339. 6965,en,15,abhippavuttha,abhippavuṭṭha,Abhippavuṭṭha,Abhippavuṭṭha,(pp.) [fr. abhippavassati] having rained,poured,fallen; trs. S.V,51 (bandhanāni meghena °āni) = A.V,127; intrs. M.II,117 (mahāmegho °o there has been a cloudburst). (Page 67),13,1
  340. 6972,en,15,abhipucchati,abhipucchati,Abhipucchati,Abhipucchati,[abhi + pucchati] Sk. abhipṛcchati] to ask J.IV,18. (Page 67),12,1
  341. 6993,en,15,abhipureti,abhipūreti,Abhipūreti,Abhipūreti,[abhi + pūreti] to fill (up) Miln.238; Dāvs III,60 (paṃsūhi). (Page 67),10,1
  342. 7010,en,15,abhiraddha,abhiraddha,Abhiraddha,Abhiraddha,(adj.) [pp. of abhi + <i>rādh</i>] propitiated,satisfied A.IV,185 (+ attamana). (Page 68),10,1
  343. 7017,en,15,abhiraddhi,abhiraddhi,Abhiraddhi,Abhiraddhi,(f.) [fr. abhiraddha] only in neg. <i>an°</i> displeasure,dislike,discontent A.I,79; DA.I,52 (= kopass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ). (Page 68),10,1
  344. 7030,en,15,abhiradheti,abhirādheti,Abhirādheti,Abhirādheti,[abhi + rādheti] to please,satisfy,make happy J.I,421; DA.I,52. -- aor. (pret.) <i>abhirādhayi</i> Vv 31<sup>5</sup> (= abhirādhesi VvA.130); Vv 64<sup>23</sup> (gloss for abhirocayi VvA.282); J.I,421; III,386 (= paritosesi C.). -- pp. <i>abhirādhita</i>. (Page 68),11,1
  345. 7037,en,15,abhiradhin,abhirādhin,Abhirādhin,Abhirādhin,(adj.) (-°) [fr. abhirādheti] pleasing,giving pleasure,satisfaction J.IV,274 (mitta° = ārādhento tosento C.). (Page 68),10,1
  346. 7039,en,15,abhiradhita,abhirādhita,Abhirādhita,Abhirādhita,[pp. of abhirādheti] having succeeded in,fallen to one’s share,attained Th.1,259. (Page 68),11,1
  347. 7053,en,15,abhirakkha,abhirakkhā,Abhirakkhā,Abhirakkhā,(f.) [fr. abhirakkhati] protection,guard J.I,204 (= ārakkhā 203). (Page 68),10,1
  348. 7064,en,15,abhirakkhati,abhirakkhati,Abhirakkhati,Abhirakkhati,[abhi + rakkhati] to guard,protect J.VI,589 (= pāleti C.). Cp. parirakkhati. (Page 68),12,1
  349. 7090,en,15,abhiramana,abhiramana,Abhiramana,Abhiramana,(nt.) [fr. abhiramati] sporting,dallying,amusing oneself PvA.16. (Page 68),10,1
  350. 7105,en,15,abhiramapana,abhiramāpana,Abhiramāpana,Abhiramāpana,(nt.) [fr. abhiramāpeti,Caus<sup>2</sup> of abhiramati] causing pleasure to (Acc.),being a source of pleasure,making happy M.III,132 (gāmante). (Page 68),12,1
  351. 7118,en,15,abhiramapeti,abhiramāpeti,Abhiramāpeti,Abhiramāpeti,[Caus. II. fr. abhiramati] 1. to induce to sport,to cause one to take pleasure J.III,393. -- 2. to delight,amuse,divert J.I,61. -- Cp. <i>abhiramāpana</i>. (Page 68),12,1
  352. 7131,en,15,abhiramati,abhiramati,Abhiramati,Abhiramati,[abhi + <em>ram</em>] to sport,enjoy oneself,find pleasure in or with (c. Loc.),to indulge in love Sn.718,1085; J.I,192; III,189,393; DhA.I,119; PvA.3,61,145. -- ppr. act. <i>abhiranto</i> only as nt. °ṃ in adv. phrase yathâbhirantaṃ after one’s liking,as much as he pleases,after one’s heart’s content Vin.I,34; M.I,170; Sn.53. ‹-› ppr. med. <i>abhiramamāna</i> J.III,188,PvA.162. -- pp. abhirata (q. v.). -- 2<sup>nd</sup> Caus. <i>abhiramāpeti</i> (q. v.). (Page 68),10,1
  353. 7175,en,15,abhirata,abhirata,Abhirata,Abhirata,(adj.) (-°) [pp. of abhiramati] found of,indulging in,finding delight in A.IV,224 (nekkhamma°); V,175 (id.),Sn.86 (nibbāna°),275 (vihesa°),276 (kalaha°); J.V,382 (dāna°); PvA.54 (puññakamma°),61 (satibhavana°),105 (dānâdipuñña°). (Page 68),8,1
  354. 7188,en,15,abhiratatta,abhiratatta,Abhiratatta,Abhiratatta,(nt.) [abstr. fr. abhirata] the fact of being fond of,delighting in (-°) J.V,254 (kāma°). (Page 68),11,1
  355. 7200,en,15,abhirati,abhirati,Abhirati,Abhirati,(f.) [fr. abhi + <em>ram</em>] delight or pleasure in (Loc. or --°) S.I,185; IV,260; A.V,122; Dh.88. <i>--an°</i> displeasure,discontent,distaste Vin.II,110; D.I,17 (+ paritassanā); S.I,185; V,132; A.III,259; IV,50; V,72 sq.,122; J.III,395; DA.I,111; PvA.187. (Page 68),8,1
  356. 7239,en,15,abhiratta,abhiratta,Abhiratta,Abhiratta,(adj.) [abhi + ratta] very red J.V,156; fig. very much excited or affected with (-°) Sn.891 (sandiṭṭhirāgena a.). (Page 68),9,1
  357. 7247,en,15,abhiravati,abhiravati,Abhiravati,Abhiravati,[abhi + ravati] to shout ont Bu II.90 = J.I,18 (V.99) (Page 68),10,1
  358. 7260,en,15,abhiroceti,abhiroceti,Abhiroceti,Abhiroceti,[abhi + roceti,Caus. of <em>ruc</em>] 1. to like,to find delight in (Acc.),to desire,long for J.III,192; V,222 (= roceti); Vv 64<sup>23</sup> (vataṃ abhirocayi = abhirocesi ruccitvā pūresi ti attho; abhirādhayi ti pi pāṭho; sādhesi nipphādesī ti attho VvA.282). -- 2. to please,satisfy,entertain,gladden Vv 64<sup>24</sup> (but VvA.292:abhibhavitvā vijjotati,thus to no. 3). -- 3. v. l. for <i>atiroceti</i> (to surpass in splendour) at Vv 81<sup>12</sup>,cp. also no. 2. (Page 69),10,1
  359. 7266,en,15,abhiropana,abhiropana,Abhiropana,Abhiropana,(nt.) [fr. abhiropeti] concentration of mind,attention (seems restricted to Ps.II,only) Ps.II,82 (v. l. abhiniropana),84,93,115 (buddhi°),142 (°virāga),145 (°vimutti),216 (°abhisamaya). See also <i>abhiniropana</i>. (Page 69),10,1
  360. 7273,en,15,abhiropeti,abhiropeti,Abhiropeti,Abhiropeti,[abhi + ropeti,cp. Sk. adhiropayati,Caus. of <em>ruh</em>] to fix one’s mind on,to pay attention,to show reverence,to honour Vv 37<sup>7</sup> (aor. °ropayi = ropesi VvA.169),37<sup>10</sup> (id.; = pūjaṃ kāresi VvA.172),60<sup>4</sup> (= pūjesi VvA.253); Dāvs.V,19. (Page 69),10,1
  361. 7291,en,15,abhiruci,abhiruci,Abhiruci,Abhiruci,(f.) [Sk. abhiruci,fr. abhi + <em>ruc</em>] delight,longing,pleasure,satisfaction PvA.168 (= ajjhāsaya). (Page 68),8,1
  362. 7314,en,15,abhirucita,abhirucita,Abhirucita,Abhirucita,(adj.) [pp. fr. abhi + <em>ruc</em>] pleasing,agreeable,liked J.I,402; DhA.I,45. (Page 68),10,1
  363. 7329,en,15,abhiruda,abhiruda,Abhiruda,Abhiruda,(adj. --°) [Sk. abhiruta] resounding with (the cries of animals,esp. the song of birds),full of the sound of (birds) Th.1,1062 (kuñjara°),1113 (mayūra-koñca°); J.IV,466 (adāsakunta°); V,304 (mayūra-koñca°); VI,172 (id.,= upagīta C.),272 (sakunta°; = abhigīta C.),483 (mayūra-koñca°),539; Pv.II,12<sup>3</sup> (haṃsa-koñca°; = abhinādita PvA.157). -- The form abhiruta occurs at Th.1,49. (Page 68),8,1
  364. 7341,en,15,abhiruhana,abhirūhana,Abhirūhana,Abhirūhana,(nt.) [BSk. °rūhana,e. g. M Vastu II.289] climbing,ascending,climb Miln.356. (Page 68),10,1
  365. 7376,en,15,abhiruhati,abhirūhati,Abhirūhati,Abhirūhati,(abhiruhati) [abhi + <em>ruh</em>] to ascend,mount,climb; to go on or in to (c. Acc.) Dh.321; Th.1,271; J.I,259; II,388; III,220; IV,138 (navaṃ); VI,272 (peculiar aor. °rucchi with ābhi metri causa; = abhirūhi C.); DA.I,253. -- ger. <i>abhiruyha</i> J.III,189; PvA.75,152 (as v. l.; T. has °ruyhitva),271 (nāvaṃ), &#38; <i>abhirūhitvā</i> J.I,50 (pabbataṃ) II.128. (Page 68),10,1
  366. 7394,en,15,abhiruka,abhīruka,Abhīruka,Abhīruka,(adj.) [a + bhīru + ka] fearless DA.I,250. (Page 72),8,1
  367. 7407,en,15,abhirulha,abhirūḷha,Abhirūḷha,Abhirūḷha,[pp. of abhirūhati] mounted,gone up to,ascended J.V,217; DhA.I,103. (Page 68),9,1
  368. 7421,en,15,abhirupa,abhirūpa,Abhirūpa,Abhirūpa,(adj.) [abhi + rūpa] of perfect form,(very),handsome,beautiful,lovely Sn.410 (= dassaniya’aṅgapaccanga SnA 383); J.I,207; Pug.52; DA.I,281 (= aññehi manussehi adhikarūpa); VvA.53; PvA.61 (= abhikkanta). Occurs in the idiomatic phrase denoting the characteristics of true beauty <i>abhirūpa dassanīya pāsādika</i> (+ paramāya vaṇṇa-pokkharatāya samannāgata),e. g. Vin.I,268; D.I,47,114,120; S.II,279; A.II,86,203; Nd<sup>2</sup> 659; Pug.66; DhA.I,281 (compar.); PvA.46. (Page 68),8,1
  369. 7475,en,15,abhisaddahati,abhisaddahati,Abhisaddahati,Abhisaddahati,[abhi + saddahati,cp. Sk. abhiśraddadhāti,e. g. Divy 17,337] to have faith in,believe in (c. Acc.),believe S.V,226; Th.1,785; Pv IV.1<sup>13</sup>,1<sup>25</sup> (°saddaheyya = paṭiñeyya PvA.226); Nett 11; Miln.258; PvA.26; Dāvs III,58. (Page 70),13,1
  370. 7487,en,15,abhisadheti,abhisādheti,Abhisādheti,Abhisādheti,[abhi + sādheti] to carry out,arrange; to get; procure,attain J.VI,180; Miln.264. (Page 72),11,1
  371. 7497,en,15,abhisajjana,abhisajjana,Abhisajjana,Abhisajjana,(nt.-adj.) [abstr. fr. abhisajjati in meaning of abhisaṅga 2] only as adv. f. °nī Ep. of vācā scolding,abusing,cursing A.V,265 (para°). Cp. next. (Page 70),11,1
  372. 7504,en,15,abhisajjana,abhisajjanā,Abhisajjanā,Abhisajjanā,(f.) [abstr. fr. abhisajjati,cp. abhisajjana] at Sn.49 evidently means “scolding,cursing,being in bad temper” (cp. abhisajjati),as its comb<sup>n.</sup> with vāc’âbhilāpa indicates,but is expl<sup>d.</sup> both by Nd<sup>2</sup> &#38; Bdhgh. as “sticking to,cleaving,craving,desire” (= taṇhā),after the meaning of abhisaṅga. See Nd<sup>2</sup> 89 &#38; 107; SnA 98 (sineha-vasena),cp. also the compromise-expl<sup>n</sup> by Bdhgh. of abhisajjati as kodha-vasena <i>laggati</i> (DA.I,257). (Page 70),11,1
  373. 7514,en,15,abhisajjati,abhisajjati,Abhisajjati,Abhisajjati,[abhi + <em>sañj</em><i>;</i> cp. abhisaṅga] to be in ill temper,to be angry,to curse,imprecate (in meaning of abhisaṅga 2) D.I,91 (= kodha-vasena laggati DA.I,257); III,159; J.III,120 (+ kuppati); IV,22 (abhisajji kuppi vyāpajji,cp. BSk. abhiṣajyate kupyati vyāpadyate. Av. Ś I.286); V,175 (= kopeti C.); Dh.408 (abhisaje Pot. = kujjhāpana-vasena laggapeyya DhA.IV,182); Pug.30,36. ‹-› See also abhisajjana &#38; abhisajjanā. (Page 70),11,1
  374. 7539,en,15,abhisallekhika,abhisallekhika,Abhisallekhika,Abhisallekhika,(adj) [abhi + sallekha + ika] austere,stern,only in f. <i>°ā</i> (scil. kathā) A.III,117 sq.; IV,352,357; V,67. (Page 72),14,1
  375. 7560,en,15,abhisamacarika,abhisamācārika,Abhisamācārika,Abhisamācārika,(adj.) [abhi + samācārika,to samācāra] belonging to the practice of the lesser ethics; to be practiced; belonging to or what is the least to be expected of good conduct,proper. Of <i>sikkhā</i> Vin.V,181; A.II,243 sq.; of <i>dhamma</i> M.I,469; A.III,14 sq.; 422. (Page 71),14,1
  376. 7588,en,15,abhisamagacchati,abhisamāgacchati,Abhisamāgacchati,Abhisamāgacchati,[abhi + sam + āgacchati,cp. in meaning adhigacchati] to come to (understand) completely,to grasp fully,to master KhA 236 (for abhisamecca Sn.143). (Page 71),16,1
  377. 7605,en,15,abhisamaya,abhisamaya,Abhisamaya,Abhisamaya,[abhi + samaya,from sam + <i>i</i>,cp. abhisameti &#38; sameti; BSk. abhisamaya,e. g. Divy 200,654] “coming by completely”,insight into,comprehension,realization,clear understanding,grasp,penetration. See on term Kvu trsl. 381 sq. -- Esp. in full phrases:<i>attha°</i> grasp of what is proficient S.I,87 = A.III,49 = It.17,cp. A.II,46; <i>ariyasaccānaṃ</i> a. full understanding of the 4 noble truths S.V,415,440,441 [cp. Divy 654:anabhisamitānāṃ caturnāṃ āryasatyānāṃ a.]; Sn.758 (sacca° = sacc’âvabodha SnA 509); Miln.214 (catusacc°); Sdhp.467 (catusacc°),525 (saccānaṃ); <i>dhamm</i>’<i>âbhisamaya</i> full grasp of the Dhamma,quasi conversion [cp. dharm’âbhisamaya Divy 200] S.II,134; Miln.20,350; VvA.219; PvA.9 etc. frequent; <i>sammā-</i>mān’âbhisamaya full understanding of false pride in ster. phrase” acchecchi (for acchejji) taṇhaṃ,vivattayi saññojanaṃ sammāmānâbhisamayā antam akāsi dukkhassa” at S.IV,205,207,399; A.III,246,444; It.47; cp. māna° S.I,188 = Th.2,20 (tato mānâbhisamayā upasanto carissasi,trsl. by Mrs. Rh. D. in K. S. 239 “hath the mind mastered vain imaginings,then mayst thou go thy ways calm and serene”); Sn.342 (expl<sup>d.</sup> by mānassa abhisamayo khayo vayo pahānaṃ SnA 344). Also in foll. passages:S.II,5 (paññāya),104 (id.),133 sq. (Abhisamaya Saṃyutta); Sn.737 (phassa°,expl<sup>d.</sup> ad sensum but not at verbum by phassa-nirodha SnA 509); Ps.II,215; Pug.41; Vv 16<sup>10</sup> (= saccapaṭivedha VvA.85); DA.I,32; DhA.I,109; VvA.73 (bhāvana°),84 (sacchikiriya°); Dpvs.I,31. <i>--anabhisamaya</i> not grasping correctly,insufficient understanding,taken up wrongly S.III,260; Pug.21; Dhs.390,1061,1162 (Mrs. Rh. D. trsl<sup>s.</sup> “lack of coordination”). (Page 71),10,1
  378. 7690,en,15,abhisambhava,abhisambhava,Abhisambhava,Abhisambhava,[fr. abhisambhavati] only in <i>dur°</i> hard to overcome or get over,hard to obtain or reach,troublesome S.V,454; A.V,202; Sn.429,701; J.V,269,VI,139,439. (Page 71),12,1
  379. 7701,en,15,abhisambhavati,abhisambhavati,Abhisambhavati,Abhisambhavati,(°bhoti) [abhi + sambhavati] “to come up to”,i. e. to be able to (get or stand or overcome); to attain,reach,to bear A.IV,241; Th.1,436; Nd<sup>1</sup> 471,485; J.III,140; V,150,417; VI,292,293,507 (fut. med. °sambhossaṃ = sahissāmi adhivāsessāmi C.); Ps.II,193. ‹-› ger. <i>°bhutvā</i> Th.1,1057 &#38; <i>°bhavitvā</i> Sn.52 (cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 85). -- aor. <i>°bhosi</i> D.II,232. -- grd. <i>°bhavanīya</i> D.II,210; Ps.II,193. -- See also <i>abhisambhuṇāti</i>. (Page 71),14,1
  380. 7739,en,15,abhisambhu,abhisambhū,Abhisambhū,Abhisambhū,(adj.) [fr. abhi + sam + <em>bhū</em>] getting,attaining (?) D.II,255 (lomahaṃsa°). (Page 72),10,1
  381. 7752,en,15,abhisambhunati,abhisambhuṇāti,Abhisambhuṇāti,Abhisambhuṇāti,[considered to be a bastard form of abhisambhavati,but probably of diff. origin &#38; etym.; also in Bh. Sk. freq.] to be able (to get or reach); only in neg. ppr. <i>anabhisambhuṇanto</i> unable D.I,101 (= asampāpuṇanto avisahamāno vā DA.I,268); Nd<sup>1</sup> 77,312. (Page 72),14,1
  382. 7767,en,15,abhisambhuta,abhisambhūta,Abhisambhūta,Abhisambhūta,[pp. of abhisambhavati] attained,got Sdhp.556. (Page 72),12,1
  383. 7782,en,15,abhisambodhi,abhisambodhi,Abhisambodhi,Abhisambodhi,(f.) [abhi + sambodhi] the highest enlightenment J.I,14 (parama°). Cp. abhisambujjhana and (sammā-) sambodhi. (Page 71),12,1
  384. 7804,en,15,abhisambodhita,abhisambodhita,Abhisambodhita,Abhisambodhita,(adj.) [pp. of abhisambodheti,Caus. of abhi + sambujjhati] awakened to the highest wisdom PvA.137 (Bhagavā). (Page 71),14,1
  385. 7819,en,15,abhisambuddha,abhisambuddha,Abhisambuddha,Abhisambuddha,[pp. of abhisambujjhati] (a) (pass.) realised,perfectly understood D.III,273; S.IV,331; It.121. <i>an°</i> not understood M.I,71,92,114,163,240. -- (b) (med.) one who has come to the realisation of the highest wisdom,fully-awakened,attained Buddhahood,realising,enlightened (in or as to = Acc.) Vin.I,1; D.II,4; M.I,6 (sammāsambodhiṃ); S.I,68,138,139 &#38; passim PvA.94,99. (Page 71),13,1
  386. 7839,en,15,abhisambuddhatta,abhisambuddhatta,Abhisambuddhatta,Abhisambuddhatta,(nt.) [abstr. fr. abhisambuddha] thorough realisation,perfect understanding S.V,433. (Page 71),16,1
  387. 7847,en,15,abhisambudhana,abhisambudhāna,Abhisambudhāna,Abhisambudhāna,(adj.) [formation of a ppr. med. fr. pp. abhsam + <i>budh</i> instead of abhisam + <i>bujjh°</i>] awaking,realising,knowing,understanding Dh.46 (= bujjhanto jānanto ti attho DhA.I,337). (Page 71),14,1
  388. 7855,en,15,abhisambujjhana,abhisambujjhana,Abhisambujjhana,Abhisambujjhana,(nt.) = abhisambodhi J.I,59. (Page 71),15,1
  389. 7883,en,15,abhisambujjhati,abhisambujjhati,Abhisambujjhati,Abhisambujjhati,[abhi + sambujjhati] to become wideawake,to awake to the highest knowledge,to gain the highest wisdom (sammāsambodhiṃ) D.III,135; It.121. aor. <i>°sambujjhi</i> S.V,433; PvA.19. In comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>abhisambujjhati abhisameti</i>,e. g. S. II.25; III,139. -- ppr. med. <i>°sambudhāna;</i> pp. <i>°sambuddha</i> -- Caus. <i>°sambodheti</i> to make awake,to awaken,to enlighten; pp. <i>°bodhita</i>. (Page 71),15,1
  390. 7928,en,15,abhisameta,abhisameta,Abhisameta,Abhisameta,[pp. of abhisameti,fr. abhi + sam + <i>i</i>,taken as caus. formation,against the regular form Sk.P. samita &#38; B.Sk. abhisamita] completely grasped or realised,understood,mastered S.V,128 (dhamma a.),440 (anabhisametāni cattāri ariyasaccāni,cp. Divy 654 anabhisamitāni c.a.); A.IV,384 (appattaṃ asacchikataṃ +). (Page 71),10,1
  391. 7945,en,15,abhisametavin,abhisametāvin,Abhisametāvin,Abhisametāvin,(adj.) [possess. adj. --formation,equalling a n. ag. form.,pp. abhisameta] commanding full understanding or penetration,possessing complete insight (of the truth) Vin.III,189; S.II,133; V,458 sq. (Page 71),13,1
  392. 7953,en,15,abhisameti,abhisameti,Abhisameti,Abhisameti,[abhi + sameti,sam + <em>i</em><i>;</i> in inflexion base is taken partly as ordinary &#38; partly as causative,e. g. aor. °samiṃsu &#38; °samesuṃ,pp. sameta:Sk. samita. Cp. B.Sk. abhisamayati,either caus. or denom. formation,Divy 617:caturāryasatyāni a.] to come by,to attain,to realise,grasp,understand (cp. adhigacchati) Miln.214 (catusaccâbhisamayaṃ abhisameti). Freg. in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>abhisambujjhati</i>,<i> abhisameti; abhisambujjhitvā abhisametvā</i>,e. g. S.II,25; III,139; Kvu 321. -- fut. <i>°samessati</i> S.V,441. -- aor. <i>°samiṃsu</i> Miln.350; <i>°samesuṃ</i> S.V,415. -- ger. <i>°samecca</i> (for °icca under influence of °sametvā as caus. form.; Trenckner’s expl<sup>n.</sup> Notes 56<sup>4</sup> is unnecessary &#38; hardly justifiable) S.V,438 (an° by not thoroughly understanding); A.V,50 (samm’attha° through complete realisation of what is proficient); Sn.143 (= abhisamāgantvā KhA 236); and <i>°sametvā</i> S.II,25; III,139. -- pp. <i>abhisameta</i> (q.v.). (Page 71),10,1
  393. 7978,en,15,abhisamikkhati,abhisamikkhati,Abhisamikkhati,Abhisamikkhati,( &#38; °ekkhati),[abhi + sam + <em>īks</em>,cp. samikkhati] to behold,see,regard,notice J. IV.19 (2<sup>nd</sup> sg. med. °samekkhase = olokesi C.). -- ger. <i>°samikkha </i>&<i> °samekkha</i> [B.Sk. °samīkṣya,e.g. Jtm. p. 28,30 etc.] J.V,340 (°samikkha,v. l. sañcikkha = passitvā C.); 393,394 (= disvā C.). (Page 71),14,1
  394. 8012,en,15,abhisammati,abhisammati,Abhisammati,Abhisammati,[abhi + <em>śam</em>,Sk. abhiśamyati] to cease,stop; trs. (Caus.) to allay,pacify,still J.VI,420 (pp. abhisammanto for °śammento? Reading uncertain). (Page 72),11,1
  395. 8024,en,15,abhisampanna,abhisampanna,Abhisampanna,Abhisampanna,at PvA.144 is wrong reading for v. l. abhisapana (curse). (Page 71),12,1
  396. 8032,en,15,abhisamparaya,abhisamparāya,Abhisamparāya,Abhisamparāya,[abhi + samparāya] future lot,fate,state after death,future condition of rebirth; usually in foll. phrases:<i>kā gati ko abhisamparāyo</i> (as hendiadys) “what fate in the world-to-come” ,D.II,91; Vin.I,293; S.IV,59,63; V,346,356,369; DhA.I,221. -- <i>evaṃ--gatika evanabhisamparāya</i> (adj.) “leading to such &#38; such a revirn,such &#38; such a future state” D.I,16,24,32,33 etc. (= evaṃ-vidhā paralokā ti DA.I,108). --abhisamparāyaṃ (Acc. as adv.) in future,after death A.I,48; II,197; III,347; IV,104; Pv III,5<sup>10</sup> (= punabbhave PvA.200). -- <i>diṭṭhe c</i>’<i>eva dhamme abhisamparāyañ ca</i> “in this world and in the world to come” A.II,61; Pug.38; Miln.162; PvA.195 etc. (see also diṭṭha). -- Used absolutely at PvA.122 (= fate). (Page 71),13,1
  397. 8044,en,15,abhisamsana,abhisaṃsanā,Abhisaṃsanā,Abhisaṃsanā,(f.) [? abhisaṃsati] is doubtful reading at Vv 64<sup>10</sup>; meaning “neighing” (of horses) VvA.272,279. (Page 70),11,1
  398. 8048,en,15,abhisamsati,abhisaṃsati,Abhisaṃsati,Abhisaṃsati,[Vedic abhiśaṃsati,abhi + <em>śaṃs</em>] to execrate,revile,lay a curse on J.V,174 (°saṃsittha 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. pret. med. = paribhāsi C.) -- aor. <i>abhisasi</i> J.VI,187,505,522 (= akkosi C.),563 (id.). -- pp. <i>abhisattha</i>. Cp. also <i>abhisiṃsati</i>. (Page 70),11,1
  399. 8052,en,15,abhisamvisati,abhisaṃvisati,Abhisaṃvisati,Abhisaṃvisati,[abhi + saṃvisati]. Only in <i>abhisaṃvisseyyagattaṃ</i> (or-bhastaṃ or-santuṃ) Th.2,466 a compound of doubtful derivation and meaning. Mrs. Rh. D.,following Dhammapāla (p. 283) “a bag of skin with carrion filled” . (Page 70),13,1
  400. 8076,en,15,abhisancetayita,abhisañcetayita,Abhisañcetayita,Abhisañcetayita,[pp. of abhisañceteti] raised into consciousness,thought out,intended,planned M.I,350; S.II,65; IV,132; A.V,343. (Page 70),15,1
  401. 8086,en,15,abhisanceteti,abhisañceteti,Abhisañceteti,Abhisañceteti,[abhi + sañceteti or °cinteti] to bring to consciousness,think out,devise,plan S.II,82. -- pp. <i>abhisañcetayita</i> (q. v.). (Page 70),13,1
  402. 8097,en,15,abhisancinati,abhisañcināti,Abhisañcināti,Abhisañcināti,( &#38; °cayati) [abhi + sañcināti] to accumulate,collect (merit) Vv 47<sup>6</sup> (Pot. °sañceyyaṃ = °sañcineyyaṃ VvA.202). (Page 70),13,1
  403. 8106,en,15,abhisanda,abhisanda,Abhisanda,Abhisanda,[abhi + sanda of <em>syad</em>,cp. BSk. abhisyanda,e. g. M Vastu II.276] outflow,overflow,yield,issue,result; only in foll. phrases:<i>cattāro puññ’âbhisandā kusal’âbhisandā</i> (yields in merit) S.V,391 sq.; A.II,54 sq.; III,51,337; VI,245, &#38; <i>kamm’âbhisanda</i> result of kamma Miln.276. -- Cp. <i>abhisandana</i>. (Page 70),9,1
  404. 8122,en,15,abhisandahati,abhisandahati,Abhisandahati,Abhisandahati,[abhi + sandahati of saṃ + <em>dhā</em>] to put together,to make ready Th.1,151; ger. <i>abhisandhāya</i> in sense of a prep. = on account of,because of J.II,386 (= paṭicca C.). (Page 71),13,1
  405. 8136,en,15,abhisandana,abhisandana,Abhisandana,Abhisandana,(nt.) [= abhisanda] result,outcome,consequence Ps.I,17 (sukhassa). (Page 70),11,1
  406. 8162,en,15,abhisandeti,abhisandeti,Abhisandeti,Abhisandeti,[abhi + sandeti,Caus. of <em>syad</em>] to make overflow,to make full,fill,pervade D.I,73,74. (Page 71),11,1
  407. 8195,en,15,abhisanga,abhisaṅga,Abhisaṅga,Abhisaṅga,[fr. abhi + sañj,cp. abhisajjati &#38; Sk. abhisaṅga] sticking to,cleaving to,adherence to J.V,6; Nett 110,112; DhsA.129 (°hetukaṃ dukkhaṃ) 249 (°rasa). (Page 70),9,1
  408. 8213,en,15,abhisangin,abhisaṅgin,Abhisaṅgin,Abhisaṅgin,(adj.) [fr. abhisaṅga] cleaving to (-°) Sdhp.566. (Page 70),10,1
  409. 8228,en,15,abhisankhara,abhisaṅkhāra,Abhisaṅkhāra,Abhisaṅkhāra,[abhi + saṅkhāra] 1. putting forth,performance,doing,working,practice:only in two comb<sup>ns.</sup>,viz. (a) <i>gamiya°</i> (or gamika°) a heathenish practice Vin.I,233; A.IV,180, &#38; (b) <i>iddha°</i> (= iddḥi°) working of supernormal powers Vin.I,16; D.I,106; S.III,92; IV,289; V,270; Sn.p. 107; PvA.56,172,212. -- 2. preparation,store,accumulation (of kamma,merit or demerit),substratum,state (see for detail saṅkhāra) S.III,58 (an°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 334,442; Nd<sup>2</sup> s. v.; Vbh.135 (puñña° etc.),340; DhsA.357 (°viññāna “storing intellect” Dhs.trsl. 262). (Page 70),12,1
  410. 8311,en,15,abhisankharika,abhisaṅkhārika,Abhisaṅkhārika,Abhisaṅkhārika,(adj.) [fr. abhisaṅkhāra] what belongs to or is done by the saṅkhāras; accumulated by or accumulating merit,having special (meritorious) effect (or specially prepared?) Vin.II,77 = III,160; Sdhp.309 (sa °paccaya). (Page 70),14,1
  411. 8343,en,15,abhisankharoti,abhisaṅkharoti,Abhisaṅkharoti,Abhisaṅkharoti,( &#38; <i>°khāreti</i> in Pot.) [abhi + saṅkharoti] to prepare,do,perform,work,get up Vin.I,16 (iddh’âbhisaṅkhāraṃ °khāreyya); D.I,184 (id.); S.II,40; III,87,92; IV,132,290; V,449; A.I,201; Sn.984 (ger. °itvā:having got up this curse,cp. SnA 582); PvA.56 (iddh’âbhisaṅkhāraṃ),172 (id.),212 (id.). -- pp. <i>abhisaṅkhata</i> (q. v.). (Page 70),14,1
  412. 8360,en,15,abhisankhata,abhisaṅkhata,Abhisaṅkhata,Abhisaṅkhata,(adj.) [abhi + saṅkhata,pp. of abhisaṅkharoti] prepared,fixed,made up,arranged,done M.I,350; A.II,43; V,343; J.I,50; Nd<sup>1</sup> 186 (kappita +); PvA.7,8. (Page 70),12,1
  413. 8389,en,15,abhisankhipati,abhisaṅkhipati,Abhisaṅkhipati,Abhisaṅkhipati,[abhi + saṅkhipati] to throw together,heap together,concentrate Vbh.1 sq.,82 sq.,216 sq.,400; Miln.46. (Page 70),14,1
  414. 8396,en,15,abhisanna,abhisaññā,Abhisaññā,Abhisaññā,(f.). Only in the compound <i>abhi-saññā-nirodha</i> D.I,179,184. The prefix abhi qualifies,not saññā,but the whole compound,which means “trance” . It is an expression used,not by Buddhists,but by certain wanderers. See <i>saññā-vedayita-nirodha</i>. (Page 70),9,1
  415. 8401,en,15,abhisanna,abhisanna,Abhisanna,Abhisanna,(adj.) [pp. of abhisandati = abhi + <em>syand</em>,cp. Sk. abhisanna] overflowing,filled with (-°),full Vin.I,279 (°kāya a body full of humours,cp. II.119 &#38; Miln.134); J.I,17 (V.88; pītiyā); Miln.112 (duggandha°). (Page 71),9,1
  416. 8419,en,15,abhisannuhati,abhisaññūhati,Abhisaññūhati,Abhisaññūhati,[abhi + saññūhati,i. e. saṃ-ni-ūhati] to heap up,concentrate Vbh.1,2,82 sq.; 216 sq.,400; Miln.46. Cp. <i>abhisaṅkhipati</i>. (Page 70),13,1
  417. 8435,en,15,abhisantapeti,abhisantāpeti,Abhisantāpeti,Abhisantāpeti,[ahhi + santāpeti,Caus. of santapati] to burn out,scorch,destroy M.I,121. (Page 70),13,1
  418. 8447,en,15,abhisapa,abhisāpa,Abhisāpa,Abhisāpa,[abhisapati] a curse,anathema S.III,93 = It.89 (which latter reads abhilāpa and It A expl<sup>s.</sup> by akkosa:see vv. ll. under abhilāpa &#38; cp. Brethren 376 n. 1.); Th.1,1118. (Page 72),8,1
  419. 8455,en,15,abhisapana,abhisapana,Abhisapana,Abhisapana,(nt.) [fr. abhisapati] cursing,curse PvA.144 (so read for abhisampanna). (Page 71),10,1
  420. 8473,en,15,abhisapati,abhisapati,Abhisapati,Abhisapati,[abhi + sapati,of <em>śap</em>] to execrate,curse,accurse Vin.IV,276; J.IV,389; V,87; DhA.I,42. -- pp. <i>abhisatta</i>. (Page 71),10,1
  421. 8488,en,15,abhisara,abhisara,Abhisara,Abhisara,[fr. abhi + sarati,of <em>sṛ</em> to go] retinue J.V,373. (Page 72),8,1
  422. 8501,en,15,abhisareti,abhisāreti,Abhisāreti,Abhisāreti,[abhi + sāreti,Caus. of abhisarati] to approach,to persecute J.VI,377. (Page 72),10,1
  423. 8515,en,15,abhisariya,abhisāriyā,Abhisāriyā,Abhisāriyā,(f.) [Sk. abhisārikā,fr. abhi + <i>sṛ</i>] a woman who goes to meet her lover J.III,139. (Page 72),10,1
  424. 8518,en,15,abhisasi,abhisasi,Abhisasi,Abhisasi,aor. of <i>abhisaṃsati</i> (q. v.). (Page 72),8,1
  425. 8525,en,15,abhisata,abhisaṭa,Abhisaṭa,Abhisaṭa,[pp. of abhisarati,abhi + <em>sṛ</em> to flow] 1. (med.) streamed forth,come together J.VI,56 (= sannipatita C.). ‹-› 2. (pass.) approached,visited Vin.I,268. (Page 70),8,1
  426. 8535,en,15,abhisatta,abhisatta,Abhisatta,Abhisatta,[pp. of abhisapati,cp. Sk. abhiśapta,fr. abhi + <em>śap</em>] cursed,accursed,railed at,reviled J.III,460; V,71; SnA 364 (= akkuṭṭha); VvA.335. (Page 70),9,1
  427. 8547,en,15,abhisattha,abhisattha,Abhisattha,Abhisattha,[pp. of abhisaṃsati] cursed,accursed Th.1,118 “old age falls on her as if it had been cursed upon her” (that is,laid upon her by a curse). Morris J P T S. 1886,145 gives the commentator’s equivalents,“commanded,worked by a charm”. This is a curious idiom. Any European would say that the woman herself,not the old age,was accursed. But the whole verse is a riddle and Kern’s translation (Toev. s. v.) “hurried up” seems to us impossible. (Page 70),10,1
  428. 8553,en,15,abhisavati,abhisavati,Abhisavati,Abhisavati,(better <i>°ssavati</i>?) [abhi + savati,of <em>sru</em>] to flow towards or into J.VI,359 (najjo Gaṅgaṃ a.). (Page 72),10,1
  429. 8562,en,15,abhisecana,abhisecana,Abhisecana,Abhisecana,(nt.) = abhiseka,viz. (a) ablution,washing off Th.2,239 &#38; 245 (udaka°). -- (b) consecration J.II,353. (Page 72),10,1
  430. 8584,en,15,abhiseceti,abhiseceti,Abhiseceti,Abhiseceti,[caus. of abhisiñcati] to cause to be sprinkled or inaugurated J.V,26. (imper. abhisecayassu). (Page 72),10,1
  431. 8599,en,15,abhiseka,abhiseka,Abhiseka,Abhiseka,[fr. abhi + <em>sic</em>,cp. Sk. abhiṣeka] anointing,consecration,inauguration (as king) A.I,107 (cp. abhisitta); II,87 read abhisek’--anabhisitto; J.II,104,352; DhA.I,350; PvA.74. Cp. ābhisekika. (Page 72),8,1
  432. 8695,en,15,abhisekika,ābhisekika,Ābhisekika,Ābhisekika,(adj.) [fr. abhiseka] belonging to the consecration (of a king) Vin.V,129. (Page 103),10,1
  433. 8713,en,15,abhisevana,abhisevanā,Abhisevanā,Abhisevanā,(f.) [abhi + sevana fr. <em>sev</em>] pursuit,indulgence in (-°) Sdhp.210 (pāpakamma°). (Page 72),10,1
  434. 8716,en,15,abhisimsati,abhisiṃsati,Abhisiṃsati,Abhisiṃsati,[= abhisaṃsati,abhi + <em>śaṃs</em>. As to Sk. <em>śaṃs</em> › P. <em>siṃs</em> cp. āsiṃsati,as to meaning cp. nature of prayer as a solemn rite to the “infernals”,cp. im-precare],to utter a solemn wish,Vv 81<sup>18</sup> (aor. °sīsi. v. l. °sisi. VvA.316 expl<sup>s.</sup> by icchi sampaṭicchi). (Page 72),11,1
  435. 8738,en,15,abhisincati,abhisiñcati,Abhisiñcati,Abhisiñcati,[abhi + siñc-ati fr. <em>sic</em> to sprinkle; see also āsiñcati &#38; ava°,Vedic only ā°] to sprinkle over,fig. to anoint (King),to consecrate A.I,107 (Khattiy’âbhisekena) J.I,399 (fig. °itvā ger. II.409 (id.); VI,161 (id.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 298; Miln.336 (amatena lokaṃ abhisiñci Bhagavā); PvA.144 (read abhisiñci cimillikañ ca . . .) -- Pass. abhisiñcati Miln.359. -- pp. <i>abhisitta</i>. -- Caus. <i>abhiseceti</i>. (Page 72),11,1
  436. 8782,en,15,abhisitta,abhisitta,Abhisitta,Abhisitta,[pp. of abhisiñcati,Sk. °sikta] 1. sprinkled over,anointed Sn.889 (manasā,cp. N<sup>1</sup> 298); Miln.336 (amatena lokaṃ Q.).- 2. consecrated (King),inaugurated (more freq. in this conn. is avasitta),Vin.III,44; A.I,107 (Khattiyo Khattiyehi Khattiy’âbhisekena a.); II,87 (v.l. for avasitta,also an°). (Page 72),9,1
  437. 8825,en,15,abhissara,abhissara,Abhissara,Abhissara,(adj.) [abhi + issara] only neg. <i>an°</i> in formula atāṇo loko anabhissaro “without a Lord or protector” M.II,68 (v.l. °abhisaro); Ps.I,126 (v.l. id.). (Page 72),9,1
  438. 8846,en,15,abhita,abhīta,Abhīta,Abhīta,(adj.) [a + bhīta] fearless J.VI,193. See also abhida 1. (Page 72),6,1
  439. 8858,en,15,abhitakketi,abhitakketi,Abhitakketi,Abhitakketi,[abhi + takketi] to search for DāvsV,4. (Page 64),11,1
  440. 8870,en,15,abhitalita,abhitāḷita,Abhitāḷita,Abhitāḷita,[abhi + tāḷita fr. tāḷeti] hammered to pieces,beaten,struck Vism.231 (muggara°). (Page 64),10,1
  441. 8885,en,15,abhitapa,abhitāpa,Abhitāpa,Abhitāpa,[abhi + tāpa] extreme heat,glow; adj. very hot Vin.III,83 (sīsa° sunstroke); M.I,507 (mahā° very hot); Miln.67 (mahābhitāpatara much hotter); Pv IV.1<sup>8</sup> (mahā°,of niraya). (Page 64),8,1
  442. 8918,en,15,abhitatta,abhitatta,Abhitatta,Abhitatta,[pp. of abhi +tapati] scorched (by heat),dried up,exhausted,in phrases uṇha° Vin.II,220; Miln.97,and ghamma° S.II,110,118; Sn.1014; J.II,223; VvA.40; PvA.114. (Page 64),9,1
  443. 8928,en,15,abhithana,abhiṭhāna,Abhiṭhāna,Abhiṭhāna,(nt.) [abhi + ṭhāna,cp. abhitiṭṭhati; lit. that which stands out above others] a great or deadly crime. Only at Sn.231 = Kh VI,10 (quoted Kvu 109). Six are there mentioned, &#38; are explained (KhA 189) as “matricide,parricide,killing an Arahant,causing schisms,wounding a Buddha,following other teachers”. For other relations &#38; suggestions see Dhs.trsl. 267. -- See also ānantarika. (Page 64),9,1
  444. 8935,en,15,abhititthati,abhitiṭṭhati,Abhitiṭṭhati,Abhitiṭṭhati,[abhi + tiṭṭhati] to stand out supreme,to excel,surpass D.II,261; J.VI,474 (abhiṭṭhāya = abhibhavitvā C.). (Page 64),12,1
  445. 8944,en,15,abhito,abhito,Abhito,Abhito,(indecl.) adv. case fr. prep. abhi etym.]. -- 1. round about,on both sides J.VI,535 (= ubhayapassesu C.),539. -- 2. near,in the presence of Vv 64<sup>1</sup> (= samīpe VvA.275). (Page 64),6,1
  446. 8959,en,15,abhitoseti,abhitoseti,Abhitoseti,Abhitoseti,[abhi + toseti] to please thoroughly,to satisfy,gratify Sn.709 (= atīva toseti SnA. 496). (Page 64),10,1
  447. 8977,en,15,abhitthaneti,abhitthaneti,Abhitthaneti,Abhitthaneti,[abhi + thaneti] to roar,to thunder J.I,330,332 = Cp. III,10<sup>7</sup>. (Page 64),12,1
  448. 8990,en,15,abhittharati,abhittharati,Abhittharati,Abhittharati,[abhi + tarati<sup>2</sup>,evidently wrong for abhittarati] to make haste Dh.116 (= turitaturitaṃ sīghasīghaṃ karoti DhA.III,4). (Page 64),12,1
  449. 9005,en,15,abhitthavana,abhitthavana,Abhitthavana,Abhitthavana,(nt.) [fr. prec.] praise Th.A 74. (Page 64),12,1
  450. 9020,en,15,abhitthavati,abhitthavati,Abhitthavati,Abhitthavati,[abhi + thavati] to praise J.I,89; III,531; Dāvs III,23; DhA.I,77; PvA.22; cp. <i>abhitthunati</i>. (Page 64),12,1
  451. 9055,en,15,abhitthunati,abhitthunati,Abhitthunati,Abhitthunati,[abhi + thunati; cp. abhitthavati] to praise J.I,17 (aor abhitthuniṃsu); cp. thunati 2. -- pp. <i>°tthuta</i> DhA.I,88. (Page 64),12,1
  452. 9095,en,15,abhitunna,abhitunna,Abhitunna,Abhitunna,(tuṇṇa) [not as Morris,J.P.T.S. 1886,135,suggested fr. abhi + <i>tud</i>,but Acc. to Kern,Toev. p. 4 fr. abhi + <i>tūrv</i>. (Cp. turati &#38; tarati<sup>2</sup> and Ved. turvati). Thus the correct spelling is <i>°tuṇṇa</i> = Sk. abhitūrṇa. The latter occurs as v. l. under the disguise of (sok-)âhituṇḍa for °abhituṇṇa at M. Vastu III,2]. Overwhelmed,overcome,overpowered S.II,20; Ps.I,129 (dukkha°),164; J.I,407; 509 (°tuṇṇa); II,399,401; III,23 (soka°); IV,330; V,268; Sdhp.281. (Page 64),9,1
  453. 9123,en,15,abhivadana,abhivādana,Abhivādana,Abhivādana,(nt.) [fr. abhivādeti] respectful greeting,salutation,giving welcome,showing respect or devotion A.II,180; IV,130,276; J.I,81,82,218; Dh.109 (°sīlin of devout character,cp. DhA.II,239); VvA.24; Sdhp.549 (°sīla). (Page 69),10,1
  454. 9168,en,15,abhivadati,abhivadati,Abhivadati,Abhivadati,[abhi + vadati] 1. to speak out,declare,promise J.I,83 = Vin.I,36; J.VI,220. -- 2. to speak (kindly) to,to welcome,salute,greet. In this sense always comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>abhinandati</i>,e. g. at M.I,109,266,458; S.III,14; IV,36 sq.; Miln.69. -- Caus. <i>abhivādeti</i>. (Page 69),10,1
  455. 9197,en,15,abhivaddhana,abhivaḍḍhana,Abhivaḍḍhana,Abhivaḍḍhana,(adj.-nt.) [fr. abhivaḍḍhati] increasing (trs.),augmenting; f. °ī Sdhp.68. (Page 69),12,1
  456. 9208,en,15,abhivaddhati,abhivaḍḍhati,Abhivaḍḍhati,Abhivaḍḍhati,[Vedic abhivardhati,abhi + <em>vṛdh</em>] 1. to increase (intrs.) D.I,113,195 (opp. hāyati); M.II,225; A.III,46 (bhogā a.); Dh.24; Miln.374; PvA.8,133; Sdhp.288,523. -- 2. to grow over or beyond,to outg ow J.III,399 (vanaspatiṃ). -- pp. <i>abhivuḍḍha </i>&<i> °vuddha</i> (q.v.). (Page 69),12,1
  457. 9218,en,15,abhivaddhi,abhivaḍḍhi,Abhivaḍḍhi,Abhivaḍḍhi,(f.) [cp. Sk. abhivṛddhi,fr. abhi + <em>vṛdh</em>] increase,growth Miln.94. -- See also <i>abhivuddhi</i>. (Page 69),10,1
  458. 9248,en,15,abhivadeti,abhivādeti,Abhivādeti,Abhivādeti,[Caus. of abhivadati] to salute,greet,welcome,honour Vin.II,208 sq.; D.I,61; A.III,223; IV,173; Vv 1<sup>5</sup> (abhivādayiṃ aor. = abhivādanaṃ kāresiṃ vandiṃ VvA.24); Miln.162. Often in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>padakkhiṇaṃ karoti</i> in sense of to bid goodbye,to say adieu,farewell,e. g. D.I,89,125,225; Sn.1010. -- Caus. II. <i>abhivādāpeti</i> to cause some one to salute,to make welcome Vin.II,208 (°etabba). (Page 69),10,1
  459. 9272,en,15,abhivagga,abhivagga,Abhivagga,Abhivagga,[abhi + vagga] great mass (?),superior force (?),only in phrase <i>°ena omaddati</i> to crush with sup. force or overpower M.I,87 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 199<sup>6</sup>. (Page 69),9,1
  460. 9277,en,15,abhivaheti,abhivāheti,Abhivāheti,Abhivāheti,[abhi + vāheti,Caus. of <em>vah</em>] to remove,to put away Bu X.5. (Page 69),10,1
  461. 9279,en,15,abhivancana,abhivañcana,Abhivañcana,Abhivañcana,(nt.) [abhi + <em>vañc</em>] deceit,fraud Dāvs III,64. (Page 69),11,1
  462. 9290,en,15,abhivandati,abhivandati,Abhivandati,Abhivandati,[abhi + vandati] to salute respectfully,to honour,greet; grd. <i>°vandanīya</i> Miln.227. (Page 69),11,1
  463. 9318,en,15,abhivanneti,abhivaṇṇeti,Abhivaṇṇeti,Abhivaṇṇeti,[abhi + vanneti] to praise Sdhp.588 (°ayi). ‹-› pp. <i>abhivaṇṇita</i>. (Page 69),11,1
  464. 9323,en,15,abhivannita,abhivaṇṇita,Abhivaṇṇita,Abhivaṇṇita,[pp. of abhivanneti] praised Dpvs.I,4. (Page 69),11,1
  465. 9327,en,15,abhivareti,abhivāreti,Abhivāreti,Abhivāreti,[abhi + vāreti,Caus. of <em>vṛ</em>] to hold back,refuse,deny J.V,325 (= nivāreti C.). (Page 69),10,1
  466. 9332,en,15,abhivassaka,abhivassaka,Abhivassaka,Abhivassaka,(adj.) [fr. abhivassati] raining,fig. shedding,pouring ont,yielding VvA.38 (puppha°). (Page 69),11,1
  467. 9346,en,15,abhivassati,abhivassati,Abhivassati,Abhivassati,[abhi + vassati from <em>vṛṣ</em>] to rain,shed rain,pour; fig. rain down,pour out,shed D.III,160 (ābhivassaṃ metri causa); A.III,34; Th.1,985; J.I,18 (V.100; pupphā a. stream down); cp. III,10<sup>6</sup>; Miln.132,411. ‹-› pp. <i>abhivaṭṭa </i>&<i> abhivuṭṭha</i> (q. v.). -- Caus. <I>II</I>.<i> abhivassāpeti</i> to cause (the sky to) rain Miln.132. (Page 69),11,1
  468. 9360,en,15,abhivassin,abhivassin,Abhivassin,Abhivassin,(adj.) = <i>abhivassaka</i> It.64,65 (sabbattha°). (Page 69),10,1
  469. 9366,en,15,abhivatta,abhivaṭṭa,Abhivaṭṭa,Abhivaṭṭa,[pp. of abhivassati,see also abhivuṭṭha] rained upon Dh.335 (gloss °vuṭṭha; cp. DhA.IV,45); Miln.176,197,286. -- Note. Andersen P. R. prefers reading abhivaḍḍha at Dh.335 “the abounding Bīraṇa grass”). (Page 69),9,1
  470. 9376,en,15,abhivayati,abhivāyati,Abhivāyati,Abhivāyati,[abhi + vāyati; cp. Sk. abhivāti] to blow through,to pervade Miln.385. (Page 69),10,1
  471. 9382,en,15,abhivedeti,abhivedeti,Abhivedeti,Abhivedeti,[abhi + Caus. of <em>vid</em>] 1. to make known,to communicate Dāvs.V,2,11. -- 2. to know J.VI,175 (= jānāti C.). (Page 70),10,1
  472. 9399,en,15,abhivihacca,abhivihacca,Abhivihacca,Abhivihacca,[ger. of abhi + vihanati] having destroyed,removed or expelled; only in one simile of the sun driving darkness away at M.I,317 = S.III,156; V,44 = It.20. (Page 70),11,1
  473. 9409,en,15,abhivijayati,abhivijayati,Abhivijayati,Abhivijayati,( &#38; <i>vijināti</i>) [abhi + vijayati] to overpower,to conquer. Of <i>°jayati</i> the ger. <i>°jiya</i> at D.I,89,134; II,16. Of <i>°jināti</i> the pres. 3<sup>rd</sup> pl. <i>°jinanti</i> at Miln.39; the ger. <i>°jinitvā</i> at M.I,253; Pug.66. (Page 69),12,1
  474. 9442,en,15,abhivinaya,abhivinaya,Abhivinaya,Abhivinaya,[abhi + vinaya] higher discipline,the refinements of discipline or Vinaya; comb<sup>d.</sup> with abhidhamma,e. g. D.III,267; M.I,472; also with vinaya Vin.V,1 sg. (Page 69),10,1
  475. 9453,en,15,abhivindati,abhivindati,Abhivindati,Abhivindati,[abhi + vindati] to find,get,obtain Sn.460 (= labhati adhigacchati SnA 405). (Page 69),11,1
  476. 9461,en,15,abhivinnapeti,abhiviññāpeti,Abhiviññāpeti,Abhiviññāpeti,[abhi + viññāpeti] to turn somebody’s mind on (c. Acc.),to induce somebody (Dat.) to (Acc.) Vin.III,18 (purāṇadutiyikāya methunaṃ dhammaṃ abhiviññāpesi). (Page 69),13,1
  477. 9471,en,15,abhivisittha,abhivisiṭṭha,Abhivisiṭṭha,Abhivisiṭṭha,(adj.) [abhi + visiṭṭha] most excellent,very distinguished DA.I,99,313. (Page 69),12,1
  478. 9488,en,15,abhivissajjati,abhivissajjati,Abhivissajjati,Abhivissajjati,[abhi + vissajjati] to send out,send forth,deal out,give D.III,160. (Page 69),14,1
  479. 9495,en,15,abhivissattha,abhivissattha,Abhivissattha,Abhivissattha,[abhi + vissattha,pp. of abhivissasati,Sk. abhiviśvasta] confided in,taken into confidence M.II,52 (v. l. °visaṭṭha). (Page 69),13,1
  480. 9505,en,15,abhivitarati,abhivitarati,Abhivitarati,Abhivitarati,[abhi + vitarati] “to go down to”,i. e. give in,to pay heed,observe Vin.I,134 and in ster. expl<sup>n.</sup> of sañcicca at Vin.II,91; III,73,112; IV,290. (Page 69),12,1
  481. 9512,en,15,abhivuddha,abhivuḍḍha,Abhivuḍḍha,Abhivuḍḍha,[pp. of abhivaḍḍhati,see also °vuddha] increased,enriched PvA.150. (Page 70),10,1
  482. 9516,en,15,abhivuddha,abhivuddha,Abhivuddha,Abhivuddha,[pp. of abhivaḍḍhati,see also °vuḍḍha] grown up Miln.361. (Page 70),10,1
  483. 9525,en,15,abhivuddhi,abhivuddhi,Abhivuddhi,Abhivuddhi,(f.) [Sk. abhivṛddhi,see also abhivaḍḍhi] increase,growth,prosperity Miln.34. (Page 70),10,1
  484. 9543,en,15,abhivuttha,abhivuṭṭha,Abhivuṭṭha,Abhivuṭṭha,[pp. of abhivassati,see also abhivaṭṭa] poured out or over,shed out (of water or rain) Th.1,1065; Dh.335 (gloss); PvA.29. (Page 70),10,1
  485. 9552,en,15,abhivyapeti,abhivyāpeti,Abhivyāpeti,Abhivyāpeti,see <i>abhibyāpeti</i>. (Page 70),11,1
  486. 9571,en,15,abhiyacati,abhiyācati,Abhiyācati,Abhiyācati,[abhi + yācati] to ask,beg,entreat Sn.1101,cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 86. (Page 68),10,1
  487. 9597,en,15,abhiyati,abhiyāti,Abhiyāti,Abhiyāti,[Vedic abhiyāti in same meaning; abhi _ <i>yā</i>] to go against (in a hostile manner,to attack (c. Acc.) S.I,216 (aor. abhiyaṃsu,v. l. SS abhijiyiṃsu); DhA.III,310 (aor. abhiyāsi as v. l. for T. reading pāyāsi; the id. p. VvA.68 reads pāyāsi with v. l. upāyāsi). (Page 68),8,1
  488. 9608,en,15,abhiyobbana,abhiyobbana,Abhiyobbana,Abhiyobbana,(nt.) [abhi + yobbana] much youthfulness,early or tender youth Th.2,258 (= abhinavayobbanakāla ThA.211). (Page 68),11,1
  489. 9615,en,15,abhiyoga,abhiyoga,Abhiyoga,Abhiyoga,[cp. abhiyuñjati] practice,observance Dāvs.IV,7. (Page 68),8,1
  490. 9629,en,15,abhiyogin,abhiyogin,Abhiyogin,Abhiyogin,(adj.) [fr. abhiyoga] applying oneself to,practised,skilled (an augur,sooth sayer) D.III,168. (Page 68),9,1
  491. 9631,en,15,abhiyujjhati,abhiyujjhati,Abhiyujjhati,Abhiyujjhati,[abhi + yujjhati from <em>yudh</em>] to contend,quarrel with J.I,342. (Page 68),12,1
  492. 9651,en,15,abhiyunjati,abhiyuñjati,Abhiyuñjati,Abhiyuñjati,[abhi + <em>yuj</em>] to accuse,charge; intrs. fall to one’s share Vin.III,50; IV,304. (Page 68),11,1
  493. 9674,en,15,abhoga,ābhoga,Ābhoga,Ābhoga,[fr. ābhuñjati,<em>bhuj</em><i><sup>2</sup></i> to enjoy etc. The translators of Kvu derive it from <i>bhuj<sup>1</sup></i> to bend etc. (Kvu trsl. 221 n. 4) which however is hardly correct,cp. the similar meaning of gocara “pasturing”,fig. perception etc.] ideation,idea,thought D.I,37 (= manasikāro samannāhāro DA.I,122; cp. semantically āhāra = ābhoga,food); Vbh.320; Miln.97; Vism.164,325,354; Dāvs 62; KhA 42 (°paccavekkhana),43 (id.) 68. (Page 103),6,1
  494. 9739,en,15,abhujana,ābhujana,Ābhujana,Ābhujana,(nt.) [fr. ābhujati] crouching,bending,turning in,in phrase pallaṅk’ābhujana sitting cross-legged J I 17 (V.91); PvA.219. (Page 103),8,1
  495. 9754,en,15,abhujati,ābhujati,Ābhujati,Ābhujati,[ā + bhujati,<em>bhuj</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>] to bend,bend towards or in,contract; usually in phrase <i>pallaṅkaṃ ā°</i> “to bend in the round lap” or “bend in hookwise”,to sit crosslegged (as a devotee with straightened back),e. g. at Vin.I,24; D.I,71; M.I,56 (v. l. ābhuñjitvā),219; A.III,320; Pug.68; Ps.I,176; J.I,71,213; Miln.289; DA.I,58,210. In other connection J.I,18 (V.101; of the ocean “to recede”); Miln.253 (kāyaṃ). (Page 103),8,1
  496. 9764,en,15,abhuji,ābhujī,Ābhujī,Ābhujī,(f.) [lit. the one that bends,prob. a poetic metaphor] N. of a tree,the Bhūrja or Bhojpatr J.V,195 (= bhūjapatta-vana C.),405 (= bhūjapatta C.). (Page 103),6,1
  497. 9791,en,15,abhumma,abhumma,Abhumma,Abhumma,(adj.) [a + bhumma] groundless,unfounded,unsubstantial,J.V,178; VI,495. (Page 72),7,1
  498. 9795,en,15,abhunjana,ābhuñjana,Ābhuñjana,Ābhuñjana,(nt.) [fr. ābhuñjati] partaking of,enjoying,experiencing DhsA.333. (Page 103),9,1
  499. 9808,en,15,abhunjati,ābhūñjati,Ābhūñjati,Ābhūñjati,[ā + <em>bhuj</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,Sk. bhunakti] to enjoy,partake of,take in,feel,experience J.IV,456 (bhoge; Rh. D. “hold in its hood”?); DhsA.333. (Page 103),9,1
  500. 9842,en,15,abhuta,abhūta,Abhūta,Abhūta,(adj.) [a + bhūta] not real,false,not true,usually as nt. °ṃ falsehood,lie,deceit Sn.387; It.37; Instr. abhūtena falsely D.I,161.<br><br><i> --vādin </i>one who speaks falsely or tells lies Sn.661 = Dh.306 = It.42; expl<sup>d.</sup> as “ariy’ûpavāda-vasena alika --vādin” SnA 478; as “tucchena paraṃ abhācikkhanto” DhA.III,477. (Page 72),6,1
  501. 10058,en,15,abila,ābila,Ābila,Ābila,(adj.) [Sk. āvila; see also P. āvila] turbid,disturbed,soiled J.V,90. (Page 103),5,1
  502. 10194,en,15,aby°,aby°,Aby°,Aby°,see <i>avy°</i>. (Page 61),4,1
  503. 10794,en,15,acama,ācamā,Ācamā,Ācamā,(f.) [fr. ā + <i>cam</i>] absorption,resorption Nd<sup>1</sup> 429 (on Sn.945,which both in T. and in SnA reads <i>ājava;</i> expl<sup>d.</sup> by taṇhā in Nidd.). Note. Index to SnA (Pj III) has <i>ācāma</i>. (Page 95),5,1
  504. 10801,en,15,acama,ācāma,Ācāma,Ācāma,[Sk. ācāma] the scum or foam of boiling rice D.I,166; M.I,78; A.I,295; J.II,289; Pug.55; VvA.99 sq.; DhA.III,325 (°kuṇḍaka). (Page 96),5,1
  505. 10824,en,15,acamana,ācamana,Ācamana,Ācamana,(nt.) [ā + camana of <i>cam</i>] rinsing,washing with water,used (a) for the mouth D.I,12 (= udakena mukhasiddhi-karaṇa DA.I,98); (b) after evacuation J III 486.<br><br> <i>--kumbhī</i> water-pitcher used for rinsing Vin.I,49,52; II,142,210,222. <i>--pādukā</i> slippers worn when rinsing Vin.I,190; II,142,222. <i>--sarāvaka</i> a saucer for rinsing Vin.II,142,221. (Page 95),7,1
  506. 10856,en,15,acamati,ācamati,Ācamati,Ācamati,[ā + <em>cam</em>] to take in water,to resorb,to rinse J.III,297; Miln.152,262 (+ dhamati). -- Caus. I. <i>ācamcti</i> (a) to purge,rinse one’s mouth Vin.II,142; M.II,112; A.III,337; Pv IV.1<SUP>Q3</SUP> (ācamayitvā = mukhaṃ vikkhāletvā PvA.241); Miln.152 (°ayamāna). -- (b) to wash off,clean oneself after evacuation Vin.II,221. -- Caus. II. <i>ācamāpeti</i> to cause somebody to rinse himself J.VI,8. (Page 95),7,1
  507. 10880,en,15,acameti,ācāmeti,Ācāmeti,Ācāmeti,[for ācameti? cp. Sk. ācāmayati,Caus. of ā + <i>cam</i>] at M.II,112 in imper. <i>ācāmehi</i> be pleased or be thanked(?); perhaps the reading is incorrect. (Page 96),7,1
  508. 10897,en,15,acankama,acaṅkama,Acaṅkama,Acaṅkama,(avj.) [a + caṅkama] not fit for walking,not level or even Th.1,1174 (magga). (Page 7),8,1
  509. 10913,en,15,acara,ācāra,Ācāra,Ācāra,[ā + <i>car</i>] way of behaving,conduct,practice,esp. right conduct,good manners; adj. (-°) practising,indulging in,or of such &#38; such a conduct. -- Sn.280 (pāpa°); J.I,106 (vipassana°); II,280 (°ariya); VI,52 (ariya°); SnA 157; PvA.12 (sīla°),36,67,252; Sdhp.441. <i>--an°</i> bad behaviour Vin.II,118 (°ṃ ācarati indulge in bad habits); DhA.II,201 (°kiriyā). Cp. sam°.<br><br> <i>--kusala</i> versed in good manners Dh.376 (cp. DhA.IV,111). <i>--gocara</i> pasturing in good conduct; i. e. practice of right behaviour D.I,63 = It.118; M.I,33; S.V,187; A.I,63 sq.; II,14,39; III,113,155,262; IV,140,172,352; V,71 sq.,89,133,198; Vbh.244,246 (cp. Miln.368,370,quot. Vin.III,185); Vism.I,8. <i>--vipatti</i> failure of morality,a slip in good conduct Vin.I,171. (Page 96),5,1
  510. 11012,en,15,acarati,ācarati,Ācarati,Ācarati,[ā + aarati] -- 1. to practice,perform,indulge in Vin.I,56; II,118; Sn.327 (ācare dhamma-sandosa-vādaṃ),401; Miln.171,257 (pāpaṃ). Cp. pp. <i>ācarita</i> in BSk. e. g. Av. S.I,124,153,213 in same meaning. -- pp. <i>āciṇṇa</i>. -- 2. to step upon,pass through J.V,153. (Page 96),7,1
  511. 11070,en,15,acarin,ācarin,Ācarin,Ācarin,(adj.-n.) [fr. ā + <em>car</em>] treaching,f. <i>ācarinī</i> a female teacher Vin.IV,227 (in contrast to gaṇa &#38; in same sense as ācariya m. at Vin.IV,130),317 (id.). (Page 96),6,1
  512. 11073,en,15,acarin,ācārin,Ācārin,Ācārin,(adj. n.) [fr. ācāra] of good conduct,one who behaves well A.I,211 (anācārī viratā l. 4 fr. bottom is better read as ācārī virato,in accordance with v. l.). (Page 96),6,1
  513. 11104,en,15,acariya,ācariya,Ācariya,Ācariya,[fr. ā + <em>car</em>] a teacher (almost syn. with <i>upajjhāya</i>) Vin.I,60,61,119 (°upajjhāya); II,231; IV,130 (gaṇo vā ācariyo a meeting of the bhikkhus or a single teacher,cp. f. ācarinī); D.I,103,116 (gaṇ°) 238 (sattamâcariyamahāyuga seventh age of great teachers); III,189 sq.; M.III,115; S.I,68 (gaṇ°),177; IV,176 (yogg°); A.I,132 (pubb°); Sn.595; Nd<sup>1</sup> 350 (upajjhāya vā āc°); J.II,100,411; IV,91; V,501; Pv IV.3<sup>23</sup>,3<sup>51</sup> (= ācāra-samācāra-sikkhāpaka PvA.252); Miln.201,262 (master goldsmith?); Vism.99 sq.; KhA 12,155; SnA 422; VvA.138. ‹-› For contracted form of ācariya see <i>ācera</i>.<br><br> <i>--kula</i> the clan of the teacher A.II,112. <i>--dhana</i> a teacher’s fee S.I,177; A.V,347. <i>--pācariya</i> teacher upon teacher,lit. “teacher &#38; teacher’s teacher” (see ā<sup>1</sup> 3<sup>b</sup>) D.I,94,114,115,238; S.IV,306,308; DA.I,286; SnA 452 (= ācariyo c’eva ācariya-ācariyo ca). <i>--bhariyā</i> the teacher’s fee J.V,457; VI,178; DhA.I,253. <i>--muṭṭhi</i> “the teacher’s fist” i. e. close-fistedness in teaching,keeping things back,D.II,100; S.V,153; J.II,221,250; Miln.144; SnA 180,368. <i>--vaṃsa</i> the line of the teachers Miln.148. <i>--vatta</i> serving the teacher,service to the t. DhA.I,92. <i>--vāda</i> traditional teaching; later as heterodox teaching,sectarian teaching (opp. theravāda orthodox doctrine) Miln.148; Dpvs.V,30; Mhbv 96. (Page 96),7,1
  514. 11147,en,15,acariyaka,ācariyaka,Ācariyaka,Ācariyaka,[ācariya + ka,diff. from Sk. ācariyaka nt. art of teaching] a teacher Vin.I,249; III,25,41; D.I,88,119,187; II,112; M.I,514; II,32; S.V,261; A.II,170; IV,310. See also <i>sācariyaka</i>. (Page 96),9,1
  515. 11313,en,15,acaya,ācaya,Ācaya,Ācaya,[ā + caya] heaping up,accumulation,collection,mass (opp. <i>apacaya</i>). See on term Dhs.trsl. 195 &#38; Cpd. 251,252. -- S.II,94 (kāyassa ācayo pi apacayo pi); A.IV,280 = Vin.II,259 (opp. apacaya); Dhs.642,685; Vbh.319,326,330; Vism.449; DhA.II,25.<br><br> <i>--gāmin</i> making for piling up (of rebirth) A.V,243,276; Dhs.584,1013,1397; Kvu 357. (Page 96),5,1
  516. 11339,en,15,acc-,acc-,Acc-,Acc-,1. a + c°,e. g. accuta = a + cuta. -- 2. Assimilation group of (a) ati + vowel; (b) c + cons. e. g. acci = arci. (Page 7),4,1
  517. 11381,en,15,accaga,accagā,Accagā,Accagā,[ati + agā] 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. pret. of ati-gacchati (q. v. for similar forms) he overcame,should or could overcome Sn.1040 (expl<sup>d.</sup> wrongly as pp. = atikkanta at Nd<sup>2</sup> 10 and as atīta at DhA.IV,494); Dh.414. (Page 7),6,1
  518. 11399,en,15,accahasi,accahasi,Accahasi,Accahasi,[fr. ati + <em>hṛ</em>] aor 3 sg. of atiharati to bring over,to bring,to take J.III,484 (= ativiya āhari C.). (Page 8),8,1
  519. 11429,en,15,accankusa,accaṅkusa,Accaṅkusa,Accaṅkusa,(adj.) [ati + aṅkusa] beyond the reach of the goad D.II,266 (nāga). (Page 7),9,1
  520. 11439,en,15,accanta,accanta,Accanta,Accanta,(adj. -- &#38; adv. °-) [ati + anta,lit. “up to the end”] 1. uninterrupted,continuous,perpetual J.I,223; Miln.413; VvA.71; PvA.73,125,266; Sdhp.288. ‹-› 2. final,absolute,complete; adv. thoroughly S.I,130 (°ṃ hataputtā’mhi); III,13 = A.I,291 sq.; V,326 sq. (°niṭṭha,°yogakkhemin); Kvu 586 (°niyāmatā final assurance; cp. Kvu trsl. 340). -- 3. (°-) exceedingly,extremely,very much A.I,145 (°sukhumāla,extremely delicate),Miln.26 (id.); Sn.794 (°suddhi = param ttha-accantasuddhi SnA 528); Th.1,692 (°ruci); Dh.162 (°dussīlya = ekanta° DhA.III,153). (Page 7),7,1
  521. 11655,en,15,accaraddha,accāraddha,Accāraddha,Accāraddha,(adj. adv.) [ati + āraddha] exerting oneself very or too much,with great exertion Vin.I,182; Th.1,638; SnA 21. (Page 8),10,1
  522. 11682,en,15,accasanna,accāsanna,Accāsanna,Accāsanna,(adj.) [ati + asanna] very near,too near PvA.42 (na a. n’âtidūra neither too near nor too far,at an easy distance). (Page 8),9,1
  523. 11693,en,15,accasara,accasara,Accasara,Accasara,(adj.) [a form. fr. aor. accasari (ati + <em>sṛ</em>),influenced in meaning by analogy of ati + a + sara <i>(</i><em>smṛ</em><i>)</i>. Not with Morris (J.P.T.S. 1889,200) a corruption of accaya + sara <i>(</i><em>smṛ</em><i>)</i>,thus meaning “mindful of a fault”] 1. going beyond the limits (of proper behaviour),too self-sure,overbearing,arrogant,proud S.I,239 (v. l. accayasara caused by prolepsis of foll. accaya); J.IV,6 (+ atisara); DhA.IV,230 (= expecting too much). -- 2. going beyond the limits (of understanding),beyond grasp,transcendental (of <i>pañha</i> a question) M.I,304; S.V,218 (v. l. SS for BB reading ajjhapara). Cp. accasārin. (Page 8),8,1
  524. 11700,en,15,accasara,accasarā,Accasarā,Accasarā,(f.) [abstr. to accasara] overbearing,pride,selfsurity Vbh.358 (+ māyā). Note. In id. p. at Pug.23 we read <i>acchādanā</i> instead of accasarā. (Page 8),8,1
  525. 11712,en,15,accasari,accasari,Accasari,Accasari,[fr. ati + <em>sṛ</em>] aor 3. sg. of atisarati to go beyond the limit,to go astray J.V,70. (Page 8),8,1
  526. 11716,en,15,accasarin,accasārin,Accasārin,Accasārin,(adj.) = accasara 1.,aspiring too high Sn.8 sq. (yo nâccasārī,opp. to na paccasārī; expl<sup>d.</sup> at SnA 21 by yo nâtidhāvi,opp. na ohiyyi). (Page 8),9,1
  527. 11718,en,15,accatari,accatari,Accatari,Accatari,see atitarati. (Page 7),8,1
  528. 11723,en,15,accati,accati,Accati,Accati,[Vedic arcati,<em>ṛc</em>,orig. meaning to be clear &#38; to sing i. e. to sound clear,cp. arci] to praise,honour,celebrate DāvsV,66 (<i>accayittha</i>,pret.) -- pp <i>accita</i>,q. v. (Page 7),6,1
  529. 11731,en,15,accavadati,accāvadati,Accāvadati,Accāvadati,[ati + āvadati; or is it = ajjhāvadati = adhi + āvadati?] to speak more or better,to surpass in talk or speech; to talk somebody down,to persuade,entice Vin.IV,224,263; S.II,204 sq.; J.V,433 (v. l. BB ajjhārati),434 (v. l. BB aghācarati for ajjhācarati = ajjhāvadati?). (Page 8),10,1
  530. 11744,en,15,accaya,accaya,Accaya,Accaya,[from acceti,ati + <em>i</em>,going on or beyond; cp. Sk. atyaya] (1) (temporal) lapse,passing; passing away,end,death. Usually as Instr. <i>accayena</i> after the lapse of,at the end or death of,after Vin.I,25; D.II,127 (rattiyā a.),154 (mam° when I shall be dead); M.I,438 (temās° after 3 months); S.I,69; Snp. 102 (catunnaṃ māsānaṃ),p. 110 (rattiyā); J.I,253 (ekāha-dvīh°),291 (katipāh° after a few days); PvA.47 (katipāh°),82 (dasamās°),145 (vassasatānaṃ). -- (2) (modal) passing or getting over,overcoming,conquering,only in phrase <i>dur-accaya</i> difficult to overcome,of kāmapaṅka Sn.945 (= dur-atikkamanīya SnA 568),of saṅga Sn.948:taṇhā Dh.336; sota It.95. -- (3) (fig.) going beyond (the norm),transgression,offence Vin.I,133 (thull° a grave offence),167 (id.); II,110,170; esp. in foll. phrases:<i>accayo maṃ accagamā</i> a fault has overcome me,i. e. has been committed by me (in confession formula) D.I,85 (= abhibhavitvā pavatto has overwhelmed me DA.I,236); A.I,54; M.I,438 (id.); <i>accayaṃ accayato passati</i> to recognise a breach of the regulation as such Vin.I,315; A.I,103; II,146 sq.; <i>°ṃ deseti</i> to confess the transgression S.I,239; <i>°ṃ accayato paṭigaṇhāti</i> to accept (the confession of) the fault,i. e. to pardon the transgression,in confessionformula at D.I,85 = (Vin.II,192; M.I,438 etc.). In the same sense <i>accaya-paṭiggahaṇa</i> pardon,absolution J.V,380; <i>accayena desanaṃ paṭigaṇhāti</i> J.I,379; <i>accayaṃ khamati</i> to forgive Miln.420. (Page 7),6,1
  531. 11759,en,15,accayata,accāyata,Accāyata,Accāyata,(adj.) [ati + āyata] too long A.III,375. (Page 8),8,1
  532. 11774,en,15,accayika,accāyika,Accāyika,Accāyika,(adj.) [fr. accaya] out of time,viz. 1. irregular,extraordinary J.VI,549,553. -- 2. urgent,pressing M.I,149 (karaṇiyan business) II,112; J.I,338; V,17 °ṃ (nt.) hurry DhA.I,18. See also acceka. (Page 8),8,1
  533. 11793,en,15,acceka,acceka,Acceka,Acceka,= accāyika,special; <i>°cīvara</i> a spccial robe Vin.III,261; cp. Vin Texts I.29<sup>3</sup>. (Page 8),6,1
  534. 11822,en,15,acceti,acceti,Acceti,Acceti,[ati + eti fr. <em>i</em>] 1. to pass (of time),to go by,to elapse Th.1,145 (accayanti ahorattā). -- 2. to overcome,to get over Miln.36 (dukkhaṃ). -- Caus. <i>acceti</i> to <i>make</i> go on (Loc.),to put on J.VI,17 (sūlasmiṃ; C. āvuṇeti),but at this passage prob. to be read <i>appeti</i> (q. v.). (Page 8),6,1
  535. 11845,en,15,accha,accha,Accha,Accha,<sup>4</sup> (adj.) [Ved. ṛkṣa] hurtful,painful,bad DhA.IV,163 (°ruja). (Page 8),5,1
  536. 11846,en,15,accha,accha,Accha,Accha,<sup>3</sup> = akkha<sup>2</sup> (a die) see acci-bandha. (Page 8),5,1
  537. 11847,en,15,accha,accha,Accha,Accha,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic ṛkṣa = Gr. a)ρktos,Lat. ursus,Cymr. arth] a bear Vin.I,200; A.III,101; J.V,197,406,416; Miln.23,149. At J.VI,507 accha figures as N. of an animal,but is in expl<sup>n.</sup> taken in the sense of accha<sup>4</sup> (acchā nāma aghammigā C.). Note. Another peculiar form of accha is P. ikka (q. v.). (Page 8),5,1
  538. 11848,en,15,accha,accha,Accha,Accha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [cp. Sk. accha,dial.,to <em>ṛc</em> (see accati),thus “shining”; cp. Sk. ṛkṣa bald,bare and Vedic ṛkvan bright. Monier-Williams however takes it as a + cha fr. <em>chad</em>,thus “not covered,not shaded”] clear,transparent Vin.I,206 (°kañjika); D.I,76 (maṇi = tanucchavi DA.I,221),80 (udakapatta),84 (udaka-rahada); M.I,100; S.II,281 (°patta); III,105 (id.); A.I,9; J.II,100 (udaka); Vv 79<sup>10</sup> (vāri); DA.I,113 (yāgu).<br><br> <i>--odaka</i> having clear water,with clear water (of lotus ponds) Vv 44<sup>11</sup>; 81<sup>5</sup>; f. <i>°odikā</i> Vv 41<sup>2</sup> = 60<sup>2</sup>. (Page 8),5,1
  539. 11871,en,15,acchadana,acchādana,Acchādana,Acchādana,(nt.) [fr. acchādeti] covering,clothing Th.1,698; Miln.279. -- fig. protection,sheltering J.I,307. (Page 9),9,1
  540. 11878,en,15,acchadana,acchādanā,Acchādanā,Acchādanā,(f.) [= prec.] covering,hiding,concealment Pug.19,23. -- Note. In id. p. at Vbh.358 we read <i>accasarā</i> for acchādanā. Is the latter merely a gloss? (Page 9),9,1
  541. 11901,en,15,acchadeti,acchādeti,Acchādeti,Acchādeti,[ā + chādeti<sup>1</sup>,Caus. of <em>chad</em>,cp. BSk. ācchādayati jīvitena to keep alive Av. Ś,I.300; Divy 136,137] to cover,to clothe,to put on D.I,63 = It.75; J.I,254; III,189; IV,318; Pug.57; Pv.I,10<sup>5</sup> (ger. acchādayitvāna); DA.I,181 (= paridahitvā); PvA.49,50. -- fig. to envelop,to fill J.VI,581 (abbhaṃ rajo acchādesi dust filled the air). -- pp. <i>acchanna</i> (q. v.). (Page 9),9,1
  542. 11925,en,15,acchaka,acchaka,Acchaka,Acchaka,= accha<sup>2</sup>,a bear J.V,71. (Page 8),7,1
  543. 11955,en,15,acchambhin,acchambhin,Acchambhin,Acchambhin,(adj.) [a + chambhin] not frightened,undismayed,fearless Sn.42 (reading achambhin; Nd<sup>2</sup> 13 expl<sup>s.</sup> abhīru anutrāsi etc.); J.VI,322 (= nikkampa C.). See chambhin. (Page 9),10,1
  544. 11973,en,15,acchanna,acchanna,Acchanna,Acchanna,(adj.) [pp. of acchādeti] covered with,clothed in,fig. steeped in (c. loe.) J.JII,323 (lohite a. = nimugga C.). At D.I,91 <i>nacchanna</i> is for na channa (see channa<sup>2</sup>) = not fair,not suitable or proper (paṭirūpa). (Page 9),8,1
  545. 11998,en,15,acchara,accharā,Accharā,Accharā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [Vedic apsaras = āpa,water + sarati,orig; water nymph] a celestial nymph M.I,253 (pl. accharāyo) II,64; Th.2,374 (= <i>devaccharā</i> ThA.252); J.V,152 sq. (Alambusā a.) Vv 5<sup>5</sup> (= devakaññā VvA.37); Vv 17<sup>2;</sup> 18<sup>11</sup> etc.; DhA.III,8,19; PvA.46 (<i>dev°</i>); Miln.169; Sdhp.298. (Page 9),7,1
  546. 11999,en,15,acchara,accharā,Accharā,Accharā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [etym. uncertain,but certainly dialectical; Trenckner connects it with ācchurita (Notes 76); Childers compares Sk. akṣara (see akkhara); there may be a connection with akkhaṇa in akkhaṇa-vedhin (cp. BSk. acchaṭā Divy 555),or possibly a relation to ā + <em>tsar</em>,thus meaning “stealthily”,although the primary meaning is “snapping,a quick sound”] the snapping of the fingers,the bringing together of the finger-tips:1. (lit.) <i>accharaṃ paharati</i> to snap the fingers J.II,447; III,191; IV,124,126; V,314; VI,366; DhA.I,38,424. -- As measure:as much as one may hold with the finger-tips,a pinch J.V,385; DhA.II,273 (°gahaṇamattaṃ); cp. ekacchara-matta DhA.II,274. -- 2. (fig.) a finger’s snap,i. e. a short moment,in <i>ek°acchara-kkhaṇe</i> in one moment Miln.102,and in def. of acchariya (q. v.) at DA.I,43; VvA.329.<br><br> <i>--saṅghāta</i> the snapping of the fingers as signifying a short duration of time,a moment,°matta momentary,only for one moment (cp. BSk. acchaṭāsaṅghāta Divy 142) A.I,10,34,38; IV,396; Th.1,405; 2,67 (expld. at ThA.76 as ghaṭikāmattam pi khaṇaṃ aṅgulipoṭhanamattaṃ pi kālaṃ). <i>--sadda</i> the sound of the snapping of a finger J.III,127. (Page 9),7,1
  547. 12076,en,15,accharika,accharika,Accharika,Accharika,(nt. or f.?) [fr. accharā<sup>2</sup>] in <i>°ṃ vādeti</i> to make heavenly music (lit. the sounds of an accharā or heavenly nymph) A.IV,265. (Page 9),9,1
  548. 12090,en,15,acchariya,acchariya,Acchariya,Acchariya,(adj.-nt.) [cp. Sk. āścarya since Upanishads of uncertain etym. -- The conventional etym. of Pāli grammarians connects it with accharā<sup>1</sup> (which is prob. correct &#38; thus reduces Sk. āścarya to a Sanskritisation of acchariya) viz. Dhammapāla:anabhiṇha-ppavattitāya accharāpaharaṇa-yoggaṃ that which happens without a moment’s notice,at the snap of a finger; i. e. causally unconnected (cp. Goth. silda-leiks in similar meaning) VvA.329; and Buddhaghosa:accharā-yoggan ti acchariyaṃ accharaṃ paharituṃ yuttan ti attho DA.I,43] wonderful,surprising,strange,marvellous D.II,155; M.I,79; III,118,125,144 (an°); S.IV,371; A.I,181; Miln.28,253; DhA.III,171; PvA.121; VvA.71 (an°). As <i>nt</i>. often in exclamations:how wonderful! what a marvel! J.I,223,279; IV,138; VI,94 (a. vata bho); DhA.IV,51 (aho a.); VvA.103 (aho ti acchariyatthena nipāto). Thus freq. comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>abbhutaṃ</i> = how wonderful &#38; strange,marvellous,beyond comprehension,e. g. D.I,2,60,206,210; II,8; and in phrase <i>acchariyā abbhutā dhammā</i> strange &#38; wonderful things,i. e. wonderful signs,portents marvels,M.III,118,125; A.IV,198; Miln.8; also as adj. in phrase <i>acchariyaabbhuta-(citta-)jātā</i> with their hearts full of wonder and surprise DhA.IV,52; PvA.6,50. -- See also acchera &#38; accheraka. (Page 9),9,1
  549. 12171,en,15,acchati,acchati,Acchati,Acchati,[Vedic āsyati &#38; āste,<em>ās</em><i>;</i> cp. Gr. h_(stai) 1. to sit,to sit still Vin.I,289; A.II,15; It.120 (in set <i>carati tiṭṭhati a</i>.<i> sayati</i>,where otherwise nisinna stands for acchati); Vv 74<sup>1</sup> (= nisīdati VvA.298); PvA.4. -- 2. to stay,remain,to leave alone Th.1,936; J.IV,306. -- 3. to be,behave,live Vin.II,195; D.I,102; S.I,212; Vv 11<sup>2</sup>; Pv III,3<sup>1</sup> (= nisīdati vasati PvA.188); Miln.88; DhA.I,424. In this sense often pleonastic for finite verb,thus aggiṃ karitvā a. (= aggiṃ karoti) D.I,102; aggiṃ paricaranto a. (= aggiṃ paricarati) DA.I,270; tantaṃ pasārento a. (= tantaṃ pasāreti) DhA.I,424. -- Pot. <i>acche</i> It.110; aor. <i>acchi</i> Vin.IV,308; DhA.I,424. (Page 8),7,1
  550. 12188,en,15,acchecchi,acchecchi,Acchecchi,Acchecchi,[Sk. acchaitsīt] 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of chindati “he has cut out or broken,has destroyed” (see also chindati 3),in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>taṇhaṃ</i> M.I,122; S.I,12,23,127 (so read for acchejja); IV,105,207. It.47; A.III,246,445; DhA.IV,70 (gloss acchindi,for acchidda pret. of Dh.351). The v. l. at all passages is <i>acchejji</i>,which is to be accounted for on graphological grounds,ch &#38; j being substituted in MSS. Kern (Toevoegselen s. v.) mistakes the form &#38; tries to explain acchejji as adj. = ati-ejin (ejā),acchecchi = ati-icchin (icchā). The syntactical construction however clearly points to an aor. (Page 9),9,1
  551. 12197,en,15,acchedana,acchedana,Acchedana,Acchedana,(nt.) [abstr. to acchindati] robbing,plundering J.VI,544. (Page 9),9,1
  552. 12210,en,15,acchejja,acchejja,Acchejja,Acchejja,= a + chejja not to be destroyed,indestructible,see <i>chindati</i>. (Page 9),8,1
  553. 12233,en,15,acchera,acchera,Acchera,Acchera,(adj.) = <i>acchariya</i> wonderful,marvellous S.I,181; Vv 84<sup>13</sup> (comp. accheratara); Pv III,5<sup>1</sup> (°rūpa = acchariyasabhāva PvA.197); Sdhp.244,398. (Page 9),7,1
  554. 12239,en,15,accheraka,accheraka,Accheraka,Accheraka,(adj.) = <i>acchera</i> (acchariya) J.I,279; Bu I.9 (pāṭihīraṃ). (Page 9),9,1
  555. 12253,en,15,acchi,acchi,Acchi,Acchi,at S.IV,290 is faulty spelling for acci (q. v.). (Page 9),5,1
  556. 12268,en,15,acchidda,acchidda,Acchidda,Acchidda,see chidda. (Page 9),8,1
  557. 12294,en,15,acchijja,acchijja,Acchijja,Acchijja,(v. l. accheja) destroying (?) S.I,127. Is the reading warranted? Cp. acchecchi. (Page 9),8,1
  558. 12317,en,15,acchindati,acchindati,Acchindati,Acchindati,[ā + chindati,lit. to break for oneself] to remove forcibly,to take away,rob,plunder Vin.IV,247 (sayaṃ a. to appropriate); J.II,422; III,179; IV,343; Miln.20; Sdhp.122. -- ger. <i>acchinditvā</i> J.II,422; DhA.I,349; PvA.241 (sayaṃ); &#38; <i>acchetvā</i> M.I,434. Caus. II. <i>acchindāpeti</i> to induce a person to theft Vin.IV,224,247. (Page 9),10,1
  559. 12339,en,15,acchinna,acchinna,Acchinna,Acchinna,(adj.) [ā + chinna,pp. of acchindati] removed,taken away,stolen,robbed Vin.IV,278,303; J.II,78; IV,45; V,212. (Page 9),8,1
  560. 12423,en,15,acchiva,acchiva,Acchiva,Acchiva,[*Sk. akṣiba and akṣība] a certain species of tree (Hypanthera Moringa) J.VI,535. (Page 9),7,1
  561. 12439,en,15,acchupeti,acchupeti,Acchupeti,Acchupeti,[ā + chupeti,Caus. of chupati] to procure or provide a hold,to insert,to put on or in Vin.I,290 (aggaḷaṃ) II,112. (Page 9),9,1
  562. 12451,en,15,acci,acci,Acci,Acci, &#38; (in verse) accī (f.) [Vedic arci m. &#38; arcis nt. &#38; f. to <em>ṛc</em>,cp. accati] a ray of light,a beam,flame S.IV,290 (spelt acchi),399; A.IV,103; V,9; Sn.1074 (vuccati jālasikhā Nd<sup>2</sup> 11); J.V,213; Miln.40; ThA.154 (dīp’); Sdhp.250. (Page 8),4,1
  563. 12456,en,15,acci-bandha,acci-bandha,Acci-Bandha,Acci-bandha,(adj.) [= accibaddha?] at Vin.I,287 is expl<sup>d.</sup> by Bdhgh as caturassa-kedāra-baddha (“divided into short pieces” Vin Texts II,207),i. e. with squares of irrigated fields. The vv. ll. are acca° and acchi°,and we should prefer the conjecture <i>acchi-baddha</i> “in the shape of cubes or dice”,i. e. with square fields. (Page 8),11,1
  564. 12463,en,15,accika,accikā,Accikā,Accikā,(f.) [fr. acci] a flame M.I,74; S.II,99. (Page 8),6,1
  565. 12474,en,15,accimant,accimant,Accimant,Accimant,(adj.) [fr. acci,cp. Vedic arcimant &#38; arciṣmant] flaming,glowing,fiery; brilliant Th.1,527; J.V,266; VI,248; Vv 38<sup>8</sup>. (Page 8),8,1
  566. 12496,en,15,accita,accita,Accita,Accita,[pp. of accati] honoured,praised,esteemed J.VI,180. (Page 8),6,1
  567. 12515,en,15,accodaka,accodaka,Accodaka,Accodaka,(nt.) [ati + udaka] too much water (opp. anodaka no water) DhA.I,52. (Page 8),8,1
  568. 12520,en,15,accodara,accodara,Accodara,Accodara,(nt.) [ati + udara] too much eating,greediness,lit. too much of a belly J.IV,279 (C. ati-udara). (Page 8),8,1
  569. 12534,en,15,accogalha,accogāḷha,Accogāḷha,Accogāḷha,(adj.) [ati + ogāḷha] too abundant,too plentiful (of riches),lit. plunged into A.IV,282,287,323 sq. (Page 8),9,1
  570. 12549,en,15,accuggacchati,accuggacchati,Accuggacchati,Accuggacchati,[ati + uggacchati] to rise out (of),ger. accuggamma D.II,38; A.V,152 (in simile of lotus). (Page 8),13,1
  571. 12560,en,15,accuggata,accuggata,Accuggata,Accuggata,(adj.) [ati + uggata] 1. very high or lofty Miln.346 (giri); VvA.197; DhA.II,65. -- 2. too high,i. e. too shrill or loud J.VI,133 (sadda),516 (fig. = atikuddha very angry C.). (Page 8),9,1
  572. 12587,en,15,accunha,accuṇha,Accuṇha,Accuṇha,(adj.) [ati + uṇha] very hot,too hot Sn.966; Nd<sup>1</sup> 487; DhA.II,85,87 (v. l. for abbhuṇha). See also ati-uṇha. (Page 8),7,1
  573. 12603,en,15,accupati,accupati,Accupati,Accupati,at J.IV,250 read <i>accuppati</i>,aor. 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. of accuppatati to fall in between (lit. on to),to interfere (with two people quarelling). C. expl<sup>s.</sup> atigantvā uppati. There is no need for Kern’s corr. acchupati (Toev. s. v.). (Page 8),8,1
  574. 12604,en,15,accupatthapeti,accupaṭṭhapeti,Accupaṭṭhapeti,Accupaṭṭhapeti,at J.V,124 is to be read with v.l. as <i>apaccupaṭṭhapeti</i> (does not indulge in or care for). (Page 8),14,1
  575. 12612,en,15,accussanna,accussanna,Accussanna,Accussanna,(adj.) [ati + ussanna] too full,too thick Vin.II,151. (Page 8),10,1
  576. 12622,en,15,accuta,accuta,Accuta,Accuta,(adj.) [a + cuta] immoveable; everlasting,eternal; nt. °ṃ Ep. of Nibbāna (see also cuta) A.IV,295,327; Sn.204,1086 (= nicca etc. Nd<sup>2</sup> 12); Dh.225 (= sassata DhA.III,321); Sdhp.47. (Page 8),6,1
  577. 12666,en,15,acela,acela,Acela,Acela,(adj. -n.) [a + cela] one who is not clothed,esp. t. t. for an anti-Buddhist naked ascetic D.I,161,165; III,6,12,17 sq.; S.I,78; J.V,75. (Page 7),5,1
  578. 12671,en,15,acela,ācela,Ācela,Ācela,in kañcanācela-bhūsita “adorned with golden clothes” Pv.II,12<sup>7</sup> stands for cela°. (Page 96),5,1
  579. 12678,en,15,acelaka,acelaka,Acelaka,Acelaka,= acela D.I,166; III,40; A.I,295; II,206; III,384 (°sāvaka); J.III,246; VI,229; Pug.55; DhA.III,489. (Page 7),7,1
  580. 12714,en,15,acera,ācera,Ācera,Ācera,is the contracted form of ācariya; only found in the Jātakas,e. g. J.IV,248; VI,563. (Page 96),5,1
  581. 12777,en,15,acikkhaka,ācikkhaka,Ācikkhaka,Ācikkhaka,(adj. n.) [ā + cikkha + ka of cikkhati] one who tells or shows DhA.I,71. (Page 96),9,1
  582. 12785,en,15,acikkhana,ācikkhana,Ācikkhana,Ācikkhana,(adj.-nt.) [ā + cikkhana of cikkhati] telling,announcing J.III,444; PvA.121. (Page 96),9,1
  583. 12804,en,15,acikkhati,ācikkhati,Ācikkhati,Ācikkhati,[Freq. of ā +<em> khyā</em>,i. e. akkhāti] to tell,relate,show,describe,explain D.I,110; A II 189 (atthaṃ ā to interpret); Pug.59; DhA.I,14; SnA 155; PvA.121,164 (describe). -- imper. pres. <i>ācikkha</i> Sn.1097 (= brūhi Nd<sup>2</sup> 119 &#38; 455); Pv.I,10<sup>9</sup>; II,8<sup>1</sup>; and <i>ācikkhāhi</i> DhA.II,27. ‹-› aor. <i>ācikkhi</i> PvA.6,58,61,83. -- ācikkhati often occurs in stock phrase ācikkhati deseti paññāpeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati etc.,e. g. Nd<sup>1</sup> 271; Nd<sup>2</sup> 465; Vism.163. -- attānaṃ ā. to disclose one’s identity PvA.89,100. -- pp. <i>ācikkhita</i> (q. v.). -- Caus. II. <i>ācikkhāpeti</i> to cause some body to tell DhA.II,27. (Page 96),9,1
  584. 12813,en,15,acikkhita,ācikkhita,Ācikkhita,Ācikkhita,[pp. of acikkhati] shown,described,told PvA.154 (°magga),203 (an° = anakkhāta). (Page 96),9,1
  585. 12825,en,15,acikkhitar,ācikkhitar,Ācikkhitar,Ācikkhitar,[n. ag. fr. ācikkhati] one who tells or shows DhA.II,107 (for pavattar). (Page 96),10,1
  586. 12842,en,15,acina,āciṇa,Āciṇa,Āciṇa,[pp. of ācināti? or is it distorted from āciṇṇa?] accumulated; practised,performed Dh.121 (pāpaṃ = pāpaṃ āciṇanto karonto DhA.III,16). It may also be spelt <i>ācina</i>. (Page 96),5,1
  587. 12860,en,15,acinati,ācināti,Ācināti,Ācināti,[ā + cināti] to heap up,accumulate S.III,89 (v. l. ācinati); IV,73 (ppr. ācinato dukkhaṃ); DhsA.44. -- pp. <i>ācita </i>&<i> āciṇa</i> (ācina). -- Pass. <i>ācīyati</i> (q. v.). (Page 96),7,1
  588. 12872,en,15,acinna,āciṇṇa,Āciṇṇa,Āciṇṇa,[ā + ciṇṇa,pp. of ācarati] practiced,performed,(habitually) indulged in M.I,372 (kamma,cp. Miln.226 and the expl<sup>n.</sup> of āciṇṇaka kamma as “chronic karma” at Cpd. 144); S.IV,419; A.V,74 sq.; J.I,81; DA.I,91 (for aviciṇṇa at D.I,8),275; Vism.269; DhA.I,37 (°samāciṇṇa thoroughly fulfilled); VvA.108; PvA.54; Sdhp.90.<br><br> <i>--kappa</i> ordinance or rule of right conduct or customary practice (?) Vin.I,79; II,301; Dpvs.IV,47; cp. V.18. (Page 96),6,1
  589. 12950,en,15,acira,acira,Acira,Acira,see cira &#38; cp. nacira. (Page 7),5,1
  590. 13025,en,15,acita,ācita,Ācita,Ācita,[pp. of ācināti] accumulated,collected,covered,furnished or endowed with J.VI,250 (= nicita); Vv 41<sup>1</sup>; DhsA.310. See also <i>āciṇa</i>. (Page 96),5,1
  591. 13041,en,15,acittaka,acittaka,Acittaka,Acittaka,(adj.) [a + citta<sup>2</sup> + ka] 1. without thought or intention,unconscious,unintentional DhA.II,42. -- 2. without heart or feeling,Instr. <i>acittakena</i> (adv.) heartlessly J.IV,58 (C. for acetasā). (Page 7),8,1
  592. 13086,en,15,acittikata,acittikata,Acittikata,Acittikata,(adj.) [a + citta<sup>2</sup> + kata; cp. cittikāra] not well thought of Miln.229. (Page 7),10,1
  593. 13108,en,15,aciyati,ācīyati,Ācīyati,Ācīyati,( &#38; Āceyyati) [Pass. of ācināti,cp. cīyati] to be heaped up,to increase,to grow; ppr. āceyyamāna J.V,6 (= ācīyanto vaḍḍhanto C.). (Page 96),7,1
  594. 13151,en,15,ada,ada,Ada,Ada,(adj.) (-°) [to <em>ad</em>,see adeti,cp. °ga,°ṭha,°da etc.] eating S.IV,195 (kiṭṭhâda eating corn); J.II,439 (vantâda = vantakhādaka C.). (Page 25),3,1
  595. 13165,en,15,ada,ādā,Ādā,Ādā,[ger. of ādāti from reduced base *da of dadāti 1<sup>b</sup>] taking up,taking to oneself Vin.IV,120 (= anādiyitvā C.; cp. the usual form ādāya). (Page 98),3,1
  596. 13208,en,15,adahati,ādahati,Ādahati,Ādahati,<sup>2</sup> [ā + dahati<sup>2</sup>] to set fire to,to burn J.VI,201,203. (Page 98),7,1
  597. 13209,en,15,adahati,ādahati,Ādahati,Ādahati,<sup>1</sup> [ā + dahati<sup>1</sup>] to put down,put on,settle,fix Vism.289 (samaṃ ā.=samādahati). Cp. sam° and ādhiyati. (Page 98),7,1
  598. 13220,en,15,adaka,adaka,Adaka,Adaka,(adj.) = ada J.V,91 (purisâdaka man-eater). (Page 25),5,1
  599. 13274,en,15,adana,adana,Adana,Adana,(nt.) [from adeti] eating,food J.V,374 (v.l. modana). (Page 25),5,1
  600. 13287,en,15,adana,ādāna,Ādāna,Ādāna,(nt.) [ād + āna,or directly from ā + <i>dā</i>,base 1 of dadāti] taking up,getting,grasping,seizing; fig. appropriating,clinging to the world,seizing on (worldly objects). (1) (lit.) taking (food),pasturing M.III,133; J.V,371 ( &#38; °esana). -- (2) getting,acquiring,taking,seizing S.II,94; A.IV,400 (daṇḍ°); PvA.27 (phal°); esp. freq. in <i>adinn°</i> seizing what is not given,i. e. theft:see under adinna. -- (3) (fig.) attachment,clinging A.V,233,253 (°paṭinissagga); Dh.89 (id.; cp. DhA.II,163); Sn.1103 (°taṇhā),1104 (°satta); Nd<sup>1</sup> 98 (°gantha); Nd<sup>2</sup> 123,124. <i>--an°</i> free from attachment S.I,236 (sādānesu anādāno “not laying hold mong them that grip” trsl.); A.II,10; It.109; J.IV,354; Miln.342; DhA.IV,70 (= khandhādisu niggahaṇo). Cp. upa°,pari°. (Page 98),5,1
  601. 13410,en,15,adapeti,ādapeti,Ādapeti,Ādapeti,[Caus. of ādāti] to cause one to take,to accept,agree to M.II,104; S.I,132. (Page 98),7,1
  602. 13423,en,15,adara,ādara,Ādara,Ādara,[Sk. ādara,prob. ā + dara,cp. semantically Ger. ehrfurcht awe] consideration of,esteem,regard,respect,reverence,honour J.V,493; SnA 290; DA.I,30; DhsA.61; VvA.36,61,101,321; PvA.121,123,135,278; Sdhp.2,21,207,560. <i>--anādara</i> lack of reverence,disregard,disrespect; (adj.) disrespectful S.I,96; Vin.IV,218; Sn.247 (= ādara-virahita SnA 290; DA.I,284; VvA.219; PvA.3,5,54,67,257. (Page 98),5,1
  603. 13454,en,15,adarata,ādaratā,Ādaratā,Ādaratā,(f.) [abstr. fr. ādara] = ādara,in neg. <i>an°</i> want of consideration J.IV,229; Dhs.1325 = Vbh.359 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of dovacassatā). (Page 98),7,1
  604. 13463,en,15,adariya,ādariya,Ādariya,Ādariya,(nt.) [abstr. fr. ādara] showing respect of honour; neg. <i>an°</i> disregard,disrespect Vin.II,220; A.V,146,148; Pug.20; Vbh.371; miln 266. (Page 98),7,1
  605. 13469,en,15,adasa,adāsa,Adāsa,Adāsa,[prob. = adaṃsa,from ḍasati to bite,cp. dāṭhā tooth; lit meaning “toothless” or “not biting”] a kind of bird J.IV,466. (Page 25),5,1
  606. 13478,en,15,adasa,ādāsa,Ādāsa,Ādāsa,[Sk. ādarśa,ā + <em>dṛś</em>,P. dass,of dassati<sup>1</sup> 2] a mirror Vin.II,107; D.I,7,11 (°pañha mirror-questioning,cp. DA.I,97:“ādāse devataṃ otaretvā pañha-pucchanaṃ”),80; II,93 (dhamna’-ādāsaṃ nāma dhamma-pariyāyaṃ desessāmi); S.V,357 (id.); A.V,92,97 sq.,103; J.I,504; Dhs.617 (°maṇḍala); Vism.591 (in simile); KhA 50 (°daṇḍa) 237; DhA.I,226.<br><br> <i>--tala</i> the surface of the mirror,in similes at Vism.450,456,489. (Page 98),5,1
  607. 13490,en,15,adasaka,adasaka,Adasaka,Adasaka,(adj.) see <i>dasā</i>. (Page 25),7,1
  608. 13496,en,15,adasaka,ādāsaka,Ādāsaka,Ādāsaka,= ādāsa Th.2,411. (Page 98),7,1
  609. 13621,en,15,adati,ādāti,Ādāti,Ādāti,(Ādadāti) [ā + dadāti of dadāti base 1 dā] to take up,accept,appropriate,grasp,seize; grd. <i>ādātabba</i> Vin.I,50; inf. <i>ādātuṃ</i> D.III,133 (adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ā.). ‹-› ger. <i>ādā </i>&<i> ādāya</i> (see sep.); grd. <i>ādeyya</i>,Caus. <i>ādapeti</i> (q. v.). -- See also <i>ādiyati </i>&<i> ādeti</i>. (Page 98),5,1
  610. 13657,en,15,adava,ādava,Ādava,Ādava,[ā + dava<sup>2</sup>?] is gloss at VvA.216 for maddava Vv 51<sup>23</sup>; meaning:excitement,adj. exciting. The passage in VvA.is somewhat corrupt, &#38; therefore unclear. (Page 98),5,1
  611. 13667,en,15,adaya,ādāya,Ādāya,Ādāya,[ger. of ādāti,either from base 1 of dadāti (dā) or base 2 (dāy). See also ādiya] having received or taken,taking up,seizing on,receiving; freq. used in the sense of a prep. “with” (c. Acc.) Sn.120,247,452; J.V,13; Vbh.245; DhA.II,74; SnA 139; PvA.10,13,38,61 etc. -- At Vin.I,70 the form ādāya is used as a noun f. ādāyā in meaning of “a casually taken up belief” (tassa ādāyassa vaṇṇe bhaṇati). Cp. upa°,pari°. (Page 98),5,1
  612. 13699,en,15,adayin,ādāyīn,Ādāyīn,Ādāyīn,(adj.-n.) [fr. ā + dadāti base 2,cp. ādāya] taking up,grasping,receiving; one who takes,seīzes or appropriates D.I,4 (dinn°); A.III,80; V,137 (sār°); DA.I,72. (Page 98),6,1
  613. 13715,en,15,adda,adda,Adda,Adda,<sup>3</sup> (adj.) [Sk. ārdra,from ṛdati or ardati to melt,cp. Gr. a)ρdw to moisten,a)\rda dirt; see also alla] wet,moist,slippery J.IV,353; VI,309; Miln.346.<br><br> <i>--âvalepana</i> “smeared with moisture”,i. e. shiny,glittering S.IV,187 (kūṭāgāra); M.I,86=Nd<sup>2</sup> 199<sup>6</sup> (upakāriyo). See also addha<sup>2</sup>.<br><br> The reading <i>allâvalepana</i> occurs at Nd<sup>2</sup> 40 (=S iv. 187),and is perhaps to be preferred. The meaning is better to be given as “newly plastered.” (Page 26),4,1
  614. 13716,en,15,adda,adda,Adda,Adda,<sup>2</sup> &#38; Addā 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of *dassati; see *dassati 2. a. (Page 26),4,1
  615. 13717,en,15,adda,adda,Adda,Adda,<sup>1</sup> [cp. Sk. ārdraka] ginger J.I,244 (°singivera). (Page 26),4,1
  616. 13729,en,15,adda,addā,Addā,Addā, &#38; Addāyanā at Vbh.371 in def. of anādariya is either faulty writing,or dial. form or pop. etym. for ādā and ādāyana; see ādariya. (Page 26),4,1
  617. 13757,en,15,addakkhi,addakkhi,Addakkhi,Addakkhi,3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of *dassati; see *dassati 1 b. (Page 26),8,1
  618. 13790,en,15,addasa,addasā,Addasā,Addasā,3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of *dassati; see *dassati 2 a. (Page 26),6,1
  619. 13821,en,15,addayate,addāyate,Addāyate,Addāyate,[v. denom. fr. adda] to be or get wet,fig. to be attached to J.IV,351. See also allīyati. (Page 26),8,1
  620. 13834,en,15,addha,aḍḍha,Aḍḍha,Aḍḍha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk. āḍhya fr. ṛddha pp. of <em>ṛdh</em>,ṛdhnote &#38; ṛdhyate (see ijjhati) to thrive cp. Gr. a)λqomai thrive,Lat. alo to nourish. Cp. also Vedic iḍā refreshment &#38; P. iddhi power. See also āḷhiya] rich,opulent,wealthy,well-to-do; usually in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>mahaddhana </i>&<i> mahābhoga</i> of great wealth &#38; resources (foll. by pahūta-jātarūparajata pahūta vittūpakaraṇa etc.). Thus at D.I,115,134,137; III,163; Pug.52; DhA.I,3; VvA.322; PvA.3,78 etc. In other comb<sup>n.</sup> Vv 31<sup>4</sup> (°kula); Nd<sup>2</sup> 615 (Sakka = aḍḍho mahaddhano dhanavā); DA.I,281 (= issara); DhA.II,37 (°kula); Sdhp.270 (satasākh°),312 (guṇ°),540 sq. (id.),561. (Page 17),5,1
  621. 13835,en,15,addha,aḍḍha,Aḍḍha,Aḍḍha,<sup>1</sup> ( &#38; addha) [etym. uncertain,Sk. ardha] one half,half; usually in comp<sup>n.</sup> (see below),like diyaḍḍha 1 1/2 (°sata 150) PvA.155 (see as to meaning Stede,Peta Vatthu p. 107). Note. aḍḍha is never used by itself,for “half” in absolute position upaḍḍha (q. v.) is always used.<br><br> <i>--akkhika</i> with furtive glance (“half an eye”) DhA.IV,98. <i>--aṭṭha</i> half of eight,i. e. four (cp. aṭṭhaḍḍha) S.II,222 (°ratana); J.VI,354 (°pāda quadruped; v. l. for aṭṭhaḍḍha). <i>--aḷhaka</i> 1/2 an aḷhaka (measure) DhA.III,367. <i>--uḍḍha</i> [cp. Mahārāṣṭrī form cauṭṭha = Sk. caturtha] three and a half J.I,82; IV,180; V,417,420; DhA.I,87; Mhvs 12,53. <i>--ocitaka</i> half plucked off J.I,120. <i>--karīsa</i> (-matta) half a k. in extent VvA.64 (cp. aṭṭha-karīsa). <i>--kahāpaṇa</i> 1/2 kahāpaṇa A.V,83. <i>--kāsika</i> (or °ya) worth half a thousand kāsiyas (i. e. of Benares monetary standard) Vin.I,281 (kambala,a woollen garment of that value; cp. Vin Texts II.195); II,150 (bimbohanāni,pillows; so read for aḍḍhakāyikāni in T.); J.V,447 (a°-kāsigaṇikā for a-°kāsiya° a courtezan who charges that price,in phrase a°-k°-gaṇikā viya na bahunnaṃ piyā manāpā). <i>--kumbha</i> a half (-filled) pitcher Sn.721. <i>--kusi</i> (tt. of tailoring) a short intermediate cross-seam Vin.I,287. <i>--kosa</i> half a room,a small room J.VI,81 (= a° kosantara C.). <i>--gāvuta</i> half a league J VI 55. <i>--cūḷa</i> (°vāhā vīhi) 1/2 a measure (of rice) Miln.102,perhaps misread for aḍḍhāḷha (āḷha = āḷhaka,cp. A.III,52),a half āḷha of rice. <i>--tiya</i> the third (unit) less half,i. e. two and a half VvA.66 (māsā); J.I,49,206,255 (°sata 250). Cp. next. <i>--teyya</i> = °tiya 2 1/2 Vin.IV,117; J.II,129 (°sata); DA.I,173 (v. l. BB for °tiya); DhA.I,95 (°sata),279; PvA.20 (°sahassa). <i>--telasa</i> [cp. BSk. ardhatrayodaśa] twelve and a half Vin I 243,247; D.II,6 (°bhikkhusatāni,cp. tayo B 1 b); DhA.III,369. <i>--daṇḍaka</i> a short stick M.I,87 = A.I,47; II,122 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 604 = Miln.197. <i>--duka</i> see °ruka. <i>--nāḷika</i> (-matta) half a nāḷi-measure full J.VI,366. <i>--pallaṅka</i> half a divan Vin.II,280. <i>--bhāga</i> half a share,one half Vv 13<sup>6</sup> (= upaḍḍhabhāga VvA.61); Pv.I,11<sup>5</sup>. <i>--maṇḍala</i> semi-circle,semi circular sewing Vin.I,287. <i>--māna</i> half a māna measure J.I,468 (m. = aṭṭhannaṃ nāḷinaṃ nāmaṃ C.). <i>--māsa</i> half a month,a half month,a fortnight Vin.III,254 (ūnak°); A.V,85; J.III,218; VvA.66. Freq. in Acc. as adv. for a fortnight,e. g. Vin.IV,117; VvA.67; PvA.55. <i>--māsaka</i> half a bean (as weight or measure of value,see māsaka) J.I,111. <i>--māsika</i> halfmonthly Pug.55. <i>--muṇḍaka</i> shaven over half the head (sign of loss of freedom) Mhvs 6,42. <i>--yoga</i> a certain kind of house (usually with pāsāda) Vin.I,58 = 96,107,139,239,284; II,146. Acc. to Vin T. I.174 “a gold coloured Bengal house” (Bdhgh),an interpretation which is not correct:we have to read supaṇṇa vaṅkageha “like a Garuḷa bird’s crooked wing”,i. e. where the roof is bent on one side. <i>--yojana</i> half a yojana (in distance) J.V,410; DA.I,35 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of addhāna-magga); DhA.I,147; II,74. <i>--rattā</i> midnight A.III,40Q (°aṃ adv. at m.); Vv 81<sup>16</sup> (°rattāyaṃ adv. = aḍḍharattiyaṃ VvA.315); J.I,264 (samaye); IV,159 (id.). <i>--ratti</i> = °rattā VvA.255,315 (= majjhimayāma-samaya); PvA.155. <i>--ruka</i> (v. l. °duka) a certain fashion of wearing the hair Vin.II,134; Bdhgh expl<sup>n.</sup> on p. 319:aḍhadukan ti udare lomarāji-ṭhapanaṃ “leaving a stripe of hair on the stomach”. <i>--vivata</i> (dvāra) half open J.V,293. (Page 16),5,1
  622. 13849,en,15,addha,addha,Addha,Addha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [= adda<sup>3</sup>,Sk. ārdra] soiled,wet; fig. attached to,intoxicated with (cp. sineha) M.II,223 (na anaddhabhūtaṃ attānaṃ dukkhena addhabhāveti he dirties the impure self with ill); S.III,1 (addhabhūto kāyo impure body); J.VI,548 (°nakha with dirty nails,C. pūtinakha). (Page 26),5,1
  623. 13850,en,15,addha,addha,Addha,Addha,<sup>1</sup> (num.) [= aḍḍha,q. v.] one half,half (°-) D.I,166 (°māsika); A.II,160 (<i>°māsa</i>); J.I,59 (<i>°yojana</i>); III,189 (°māsa). (Page 26),5,1
  624. 13863,en,15,addha,addhā,Addhā,Addhā,(adv.) [Vedic addhā,cp. Av. azdā certainty] part. of affirmation and emphasis:certainly,for sure,really,truly D.I,143; J.I,19 (a. ahaṃ Buddho bhavissāmi) 66 (a. tvaṃ Buddho bhavissasi),203,279; III,340; V,307,410 (C. expl<sup>n.</sup> differs) Sn.47,1057; Nd<sup>2</sup> 30 = Ps.II,21 (ekaṃsa-vacanaṃ nissaṃsaya-vacanaṃ etc.) addhā hi J.IV,399; Pv IV.1<sup>5 2</sup>. (Page 26),5,1
  625. 13990,en,15,addhaka,aḍḍhaka,Aḍḍhaka,Aḍḍhaka,(adj.) wealthy,rich,influential J.IV,495; Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup> (= mahāvibhava PvA.107). (Page 17),7,1
  626. 14117,en,15,addhan,addhan,Addhan,Addhan,(in cpds. <i>addha°</i>) [Vedic adhvan,orig. meaning “stretch,length”,both of space &#38; time. -- Cases:Nom. addhā,Gen. Dat. addhuno,Instr. addhunā,Acc. addhānaṃ,Loc. addhani; pl. addhā. See also addhāna] 1. (of space) a path,road,also journey (see cpds. &#38; derivations); only in one ster. phrase J.IV,384 =.V,137 (<i>pathaddhuno</i> paṇṇarase va cando,Gen. for Loc. °addhani,on his course,in his orbit; expl<sup>d.</sup> at IV.384 by ākāsa-patha-saṅkhātassa addhuno majjhe ṭhito and at.V,137 by pathaddhagato addha-pathe gaganamajjhe ṭhito); Pv III,3<sup>1</sup> (<i>pathaddhani</i> paṇṇarase va cando; Loc. same meaning as prec.,expl<sup>d.</sup> at PvA.188 by attano pathabhūte addhani gaganatala-magge). This phrase (pathaddhan) however is expl<sup>d.</sup> by Kern (Toev. s. v. pathaddu) as “gone half-way”,i. e. on full-moon-day. He rejects the expl<sup>n.</sup> of C. -- 2. (of time) a stretch of time,an interval of time,a period,also a lifetime (see cpds.); only in two standard applications viz. (a) as mode of time (past,present &#38; future) in <i>tayo addhā</i> three divisions of time (atita,anāgata,paccuppanna) D.III,216; It.53,70. (b) in phrase <i>dīghaṃ addhānaṃ</i> (Acc.) a very long time A.II,1,10 (dighaṃ addhānaṃ saṃsāraṃ); Sn.740 (dīghaṃ addhāna saṃsāra); Dh.207 (dīghaṃ addhāna socati); J.I,137. Gen. dīghassa addhuno PvA.148 (gatattā because a long time has elapsed),Instr. dīghena addhunā S.I,78; A.II,118; PvA.28.<br><br> <i>--āyu</i> duration of life A.II,66 (dīghaṃ °ṃ a long lifetime. <i>--gata</i> one who has gone the road or traversed the space or span of life,an old man [cp. BSk. adhvagata M Vastu II,150],always comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>vayo anuppatto</i>,sometimes in ster. formula with <i>jiṇṇa </i>&<i> mahallaka</i> Vin.II,188; D.I,48 (cp. DA.I,143); M.I,82; Sn.pp. 50,92; PvA.149. <i>--gū</i> [Vedic adhvaga] a wayfarer,traveller,journeyman Th.255 = S.I,212 (but the latter has panthagu,v. l. addhagū); J.III,95 (v. l. patthagu = panthagu); Dh.302. (Page 26),6,1
  627. 14125,en,15,addhana,addhāna,Addhāna,Addhāna,(nt.) [orig. the Acc. of <i>addhan</i>,taken as nt. from phrase dīghaṃ addhānaṃ. It occurs only in Acc. which may always be taken as Acc. of addhan; thus the assumption of a special form addhāna would be superfluous,were it not for later forms like addhāne (Loc.) Miln.126; PvA.75 v. l. BB,and for cpds.] same meaning as <i>addhan</i>,but as simplex only used with reference to time (i. e. a long time,cp. VvA.117 addhānaṃ = ciraṃ). Usually in phrase <i>atītaṃ</i> (anāgataṃ etc.) <i>addhānaṃ</i> in the past (future etc.),e. g. D.I,200; S.I,140; A.V,32; Miln.126 (anāgatamaddhāne for °aṃ); PvA.75 (v. l. addhāne). <i>dīghaṃ addhānaṃ</i> Pv.I,10<sup>5</sup>. Also in phrase <i>addhānaṃ āpādeti</i> to make out the length of time or period,i. e. to live out one’s lifetime S.IV,110; J.II,293 (= jīvitaddhānaṃ āpādi āyuṃ vindi C).<br><br> <i>--daratha</i> exhaustion from travelling DA.I,287. <i>--magga</i> a (proper) road for journeying,a long road between two towns,high road D.I,1,73,79; M.I,276 (kantār°); DA.I,35 (interpreted as “addhayojanaṃ gacchissāmī ti bhuñjitabban ti ādi vacanato addha-yojanam pi addhāna maggo hoti”,thus taken to addha “half”,from counting by 1/2 miles); VvA.40,292. Cp. also antarāmagga. <i>--parissama</i> “fatigue of the road”,i. e. fatigue from travelling VvA.305. <i>--vemattatā</i> difference of time or period Miln.285 (+ āyuvemattatā). (Page 26),7,1
  628. 14198,en,15,addhaneyya,addhaneyya,Addhaneyya,Addhaneyya,(adj.) = adhaniya 2,lasting J.V,507 (an°). (Page 26),10,1
  629. 14206,en,15,addhaniya,addhaniya,Addhaniya,Addhaniya,(adj.) [fr. addhan] 1. belonging to the road,fit for travelling (of the travelling season) Th.1,529. ‹-› 2. belonging to a (long) time,lasting a long period,lasting,enduring D.III,211; J.I,393 (an°) VI,71. See also addhaneyya. (Page 26),9,1
  630. 14262,en,15,addhariya,addhariya,Addhariya,Addhariya,[Vedic adhvaryu fr. adhvara sacrifice] a sacrificing priest,N. of a class of Brahmins D.I,237 (brāhmaṇa). (Page 26),9,1
  631. 14278,en,15,addhata,aḍḍhatā,Aḍḍhatā,Aḍḍhatā,(f.) [abstr. to aḍḍha] riches,wealth,opulence Sdhp.316. (Page 17),7,1
  632. 14392,en,15,addhika,addhika,Addhika,Addhika,[fr. addhan] a wanderer,wayfarer,traveller DA.I,298 (= pathāvin),270; PvA.78,127 (°jana people travelling). Often comb<sup>d.</sup> with kapaṇa beggar,tramp,as <i>kapaṇaddhikā</i> (pl.) tramps and travellers (in which connection also as °iddhika,q. v.),e. g. J.I,6 (v. l. °iddhika 262; DhA.II,26. (Page 27),7,1
  633. 14402,en,15,addhin,addhin,Addhin,Addhin,(adj.) (-°) [fr. addhan] belonging to the road or travelling,one who is on the road,a traveller,in gataddhin one who has performed his journey (= addhagata) Dh.90. (Page 27),6,1
  634. 14403,en,15,addhita,addhita,Addhita,Addhita,at Pv.II,6<sup>2</sup> is to be corrected to <i>aṭṭita</i> (sic v. l. BB). (Page 27),7,1
  635. 14443,en,15,addhuva,addhuva,Addhuva,Addhuva,see <i>dhuva</i>. (Page 27),7,1
  636. 14455,en,15,addi,addi,Addi,Addi,[Sk. ardri] a mountain Dāvs II,13. (Page 26),4,1
  637. 14469,en,15,addita,addita,Addita,Addita,(pp.) [see aṭṭita which is the more correct spelling] afflicted,smarted,oppressed J.I,21; II,407; III,261; IV,295; V,53,268; Th.1,406; Mhvs 1,25; PvA.260; Sdhp.37,281. (Page 26),6,1
  638. 14501,en,15,adesa,ādesa,Ādesa,Ādesa,[fr. ādisati,cp. Sk. ādeśa] information,pointing out; as tt. g. characteristic,determination,substitute,e. g. kutonidānā is at SnA 303 said to equal kiṃ-nidānā,the to of kuto (Abl.) equalling or being substituted for the Acc. case:paccatta-vacanassa to-ādeso veditabbo. (Page 100),5,1
  639. 14516,en,15,adesana,ādesanā,Ādesanā,Ādesanā,(f.) [ā + desanā] pointing out,guessing,prophesy; only in phrase <i>°pāṭihāriya</i> trick or marvellous ability of mind-reading or guessing other peoples character Vin.II,200; D.I,212,213; III,220; A.I,170,292; V,327; Ps.II,227. For pāṭihāriya is subsiituted °vidhā (lit. variety of,i. e. act or performance etc.) at D.III,103. (Page 100),7,1
  640. 14577,en,15,adeti,adeti,Adeti,Adeti,[Sk. ādayati,Caus. of atti,<em>ad</em> to eat,1<sup>st</sup> sg. admi = Gr. e)/dw,Lat. edo; Goth. itan = Ohg. ezzan = E. eat] to eat. Pres. ind. <i>ademi</i> etc. J.V,31,92,197,496; VI,106. pot. <i>adeyya</i> J.V,107,392,493. (Page 26),5,1
  641. 14583,en,15,adeti,ādeti,Ādeti,Ādeti,[a + deti,base<sup>2</sup> of dadāti (day° &#38; de°),cp. also ādiyati] to take,receive,get Sn.121 (= gaṇhāti SnA 179),954 (= upādiyati gaṇhāti Nd<sup>1</sup> 444); cp. I.4<sup>3</sup>; J.III,103,296; V,366 (= gaṇhāti C.; cp. ādiyati on p. 367); Miln.336. (Page 100),5,1
  642. 14593,en,15,adeva,ādeva,Ādeva,Ādeva,Ādevanā [ā + <em>div</em>. devati] lamenting,deploring,crying etc. in ster. phrase (explaining parideva or pariddava) <i>ādevo paridevo ādevanā pari° ādevitattaṃ pari°</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 370 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 416 = Ps.I,38. (Page 100),5,1
  643. 14632,en,15,adeyya,ādeyya,Ādeyya,Ādeyya,(adj.) [grd. of ādāti (q. v.)] to be taken up,acceptable,pleasant,welcome,only in phrase <i>°vacana</i> welcome or acceptable speech,glad words Vin.II,158; J.VI,243; Miln.110; ThA.42. (Page 100),6,1
  644. 14651,en,15,adha°,adha°,Adha°,Adha°,in cpds. like adhagga see under <i>adho</i>. (Page 27),5,1
  645. 14669,en,15,adhama,adhama,Adhama,Adhama,(adj.) [Vedic adhama = Lat. infimus,superl. of adho,q. v.] the lowest (lit. &#38; fig.),the vilest,worst Sn.246 <i>(narâdhama)</i>,135 (vasalâdhama); Dh.78 (purisa°); J.III,151 (miga°); V,394 (uttamâdhama),437 (id.),397; Sdhp.387. (Page 27),6,1
  646. 14693,en,15,adhamma,adhamma,Adhamma,Adhamma,see <i>dhamma</i>. (Page 27),7,1
  647. 14875,en,15,adhana,ādhāna,Ādhāna,Ādhāna,(nt.) [ā + dhāna] -- 1. putting up,putting down,placing,laying A.IV,41 (aggissa ādhānaṃ,v. l. of 6 MSS ādānaṃ). -- 2. receptacle M.I,414 (udak°),cp. ādheyya. ‹-› 3. enclosure,hedge Miln.220 (kaṇṭak° thorny brake,see under kaṇṭaka).<br><br> <i>--gāhin</i> holding one’s own place,i. e. obstinate (?),reading uncertain &#38; interchanging with ādāna,only in one ster. phrase,viz. sandiṭṭhi-parāmāsin ādhāna-gāhin duppaṭinissaggin Vin.II,89; M.I,43,96; A.III,335 (v. l. ādāna°,C. expl<sup>s</sup> by daḷhagāhin); D.III,247 (adhāna°). (Page 100),6,1
  648. 14897,en,15,adhara,adhara,Adhara,Adhara,(adj.) [Vedic adhara,compar. of adho] the lower J.III,26 (adharoṭṭha the l. lip). (Page 27),6,1
  649. 14908,en,15,adhara,ādhāra,Ādhāra,Ādhāra,[ā + dhāra] -- 1. a container,receptacle,basin,lit. holder A.III,27; J.VI,257. -- 2. “holding up”,i. e. support,basis,prop. esp. a (round) stool or stand for the alms-bowl (patta) Vin.II,113 (an° patto); M.III,95; S.V,21; J.V,202. -- fig. S.V,20 (an° without a support,cittaṃ); Vism.8,444. -- 3. (tt. g.) name for the Loc. case (“resting on”) Sn.211. (Page 100),6,1
  650. 14926,en,15,adharaka,ādhāraka,Ādhāraka,Ādhāraka,(m. &#38; nt.) [ā + dhāraka,or simply ādhāra + ka] -- 1. a stool or stand (as ādhāra<sup>2</sup>) (always m.,except at J.I,33 where °āni pl. nt.) J.I,33; DhA.III,290 = VvA.220; DhA.III,120 = 186 (one of the four priceless things of a Tathāgata,viz.:setacchattaṃ,nisīdanapallaṅko,ādhārako pādapīṭhaṃ). -- 2. a reading desk,pulpit J.III,235; IV,299. (Page 100),8,1
  651. 14945,en,15,adharanata,ādhāraṇatā,Ādhāraṇatā,Ādhāraṇatā,(f.) [ā + dhāraṇatā] concentration,attention,mindfulness SnA 290 (+ daḷhīkaraṇa),398 (id.). (Page 100),10,1
  652. 14989,en,15,adharita,ādhārita,Ādhārita,Ādhārita,[pp. of ā + dhāreti,cp. dhāreti<sup>1</sup>] supported,held up Miln.68. (Page 100),8,1
  653. 15009,en,15,adhavana,ādhāvana,Ādhāvana,Ādhāvana,(nt.) [fr. ādhāvati] onrush,violent motion Miln.135. (Page 100),8,1
  654. 15023,en,15,adhavati,ādhāvati,Ādhāvati,Ādhāvati,[ā + dhavati<sup>1</sup>] to run towards a goal,to run after M.I,265 (where id. p. S.II,26 has upadh°); DA.I,39. Freq. in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>ādhāvati paridhāvati</i> to run about,e. g. J.I,127,134,158; II,68. (Page 100),8,1
  655. 15040,en,15,adheyya,ādheyya,Ādheyya,Ādheyya,(adj.) [grd. of ā + dadhāti cp. ādhāna<sup>2</sup>] to be deposited (in one’s head &#38; heart Pug.A),to be heeded,to be appropriated [in latter meaning easily mixed with <i>ādheyya</i>,cp. vv. ll. under <i>ādiya<sup>2</sup></i>]; nt. depository (= ādhātabbatā ṭhapetabbatā Pug.A 217) Pug.34 (°ṃ gacchati is deposited); Miln.359 (sabbe tass’ādheyya<sup>2</sup> honti they all become deposited in him,i. e. his deposits or his property).<br><br> <i>--mukha</i> see <i>ādiya<sup>2</sup></i>. (Page 100),7,1
  656. 15058,en,15,adhi,adhi,Adhi,Adhi,[Vedic adhi; base of demonstr. pron. a° + suffix-dhi,corresponding in form to Gr. e)/n-qa “on this” = here,cp. o(/qi where,in meaning equal to adv. of direction Gr. dέ (toward) = Ohg. zuo,E. to].<br><br> A. Prep. and pref. of direction &#38; place:(a) as direction denoting a movement towards a definite end or goal = up to,over,toward,to,on (see C 1 a). -- (b) as place where (prep. c. Loc. or abs.) = on top of,above,over,in; in addition to. Often simply deictic “here” (e. g.) ajjhatta = adhi + ātman “this self here” (see C 1 b).<br><br> B. adhi is freq. as modification pref.,i. e. in loose comp<sup>n.</sup> with n. or v. and as first part of a double prefixcpd. ,like ajjhā° (adhi + ā),adhippa° (adhi + pra),but never occurs as a fixed base,i. e. as 2<sup>nd</sup> part of a pref.‹-› cpd.,like ā in paccā° (prati + ā),paryā° (pari + ā) or <i>ava</i> in paryava° (pari + ava) or <em>ud</em> in abhyud° (abhi + ud),samud° (sam + ud). As such (i. e. modification) it is usually intensifying,meaning “over above,in addition,quite,par excellence,super”--(adhideva a super-god,cp. ati-deva),but very often has lost this power &#38; become meaningless (like E. up in “shut up,fill up,join up etc),esp. in double pref.-cpds. (ajjhāvasati “to dwell here-in” = āvasati “to dwell in,to inhabit”) (see C 2). -- In the expl<sup>ns</sup> of P. Commentators adhi is often (sometimes far-fetchedly) interpreted by abhibhū “overpowering” see e. g. C. on adhiṭṭhāti &#38; adhiṭṭhita; and by virtue of this intens. meaning we find a close relationship between the prefixes <i>ati</i>,<i> adhi</i> and <i>abhi</i>,all interchanging dialectically so that P. adhi often represents Sk. ati or abhi; thus adhi › ati in adhikusala,°kodhita,°jeguccha,°brahmā; adhi › abhi in adhippatthita,°pātcti,°ppāya,°ppeta,°bādheti,°bhū,°vāha. Cp. also ati IV.<br><br> C. The main applications of adhi are the foll.:1. primary meaning (in verbs &#38; verb derivations):either direction in which or place where,depending on the meaning of the verb determinate,either lit. or fig. -- (a) where to:adhiyita (adhi + ita) “gone on to or into” = studied; ajjhesita (adhi + esita) “wished for”; °kata “put to” i. e. commissioned; °kāra commission; °gacchati “to go on to &#38; reach it” = obtain; °gama attainment; °gaṇhāti to overtake = surpass,°peta (adhi + pra + ita) “gone in to” = meant,understood; °pāya sense meaning,intention; °bhāsati to speak to = address; °mutta intent upon; °vacana “saying in addition” = attribute,metaphor,cp. Fr. sur-nom; °vāsāna assent,°vāseti to dwell in,give in = consent. -- (b) where:°tiṭṭhati (°ṭṭhāti) to stand by = look after,perform; °ṭṭhāna place where; °vasati to inhabit; °sayana “lying in”,inhabiting. -- 2. secondary meaning (as emphatic modification):(a) with nouns or adjectives:adhi-jeguccha very detestable; °matta “in an extreme measure”,°pa supreme lord; °pacca lordship; °paññā higher,additional wisdom; °vara the very best; °sīla thorough character or morality. -- (b) with verbs (in double pref.-cpds.); <i>adhi + ava:</i> ajjhogāheti plunge into; ajjhoṭhapeti to bring down to (its destination); °otthata covered completely; °oharati to swallow right down. <i>adhi + ā:</i> ajjhappatta having reached (the end); ajjhapīḷita quite overwhelmed; °āvuttha inhabited; °ārūhati grown up over; °āsaya desire,wish (cp. Ger. n. Anliegen &#38; v. daranliegen). <i>adhi + upa:</i> ajjhupagacchati to reach,obtain; °upeti to receive; °upekkhati “to look all along over” = to superintend <i>adhi + pra:</i> adhippattheti to long for,to desire.<br><br> Note. The contracted (assimilation-)form of adhi before vowels is <i>ajjh-</i> (q. v.). (Page 27),4,1
  657. 15068,en,15,adhibadheti,adhibādheti,Adhibādheti,Adhibādheti,[adhi + bādheti,cp. Sk. abhibādhayati] to vex,oppress,gore (to death) Ud.8 (T. adhipāteti,v. l. avibādeti). (Page 29),11,1
  658. 15078,en,15,adhibhasati,adhibhāsati,Adhibhāsati,Adhibhāsati,[adhi + bhāsati] to address,to speak to; aor. ajjhabhāsi Vin.II,195; S.I,103; IV,117; Sn.p. 87; PvA.56,90. (Page 29),11,1
  659. 15092,en,15,adhibhavati,adhibhavati,Adhibhavati,Adhibhavati,[adhi + bhavati,cp. Sk. &#38; P. abhibhavati] to overcome,overpower,surpass S.IV,185 sq. (cp. adhibhū); A.V,248,282 (°bhoti); J.II,336; V,30. -- aor. <i>adhibhavi</i> J.II,80. 3. pl. <i>adhibhaṃsu</i> S.IV,185. See also ajjhabhavi &#38; ajjhabhū pp. <i>adhibhūta</i> (q. v.). (Page 29),11,1
  660. 15106,en,15,adhibhu,adhibhū,Adhibhū,Adhibhū,(adj.) (-°) [fr. adhi + <em>bhū</em>,cp. adhibhavati &#38; Sk. adhibhū] overpowering,having power over; master,conqueror,lord S.IV,186 (anadhibhū not mastering. For <i>adhibhūta</i> the v. l. abhi° is to be preferred as more usual in this connection,see abhibhū); Sn.684 (miga°; v. l. abhi°). (Page 29),7,1
  661. 15114,en,15,adhibhuta,adhibhūta,Adhibhūta,Adhibhūta,[cp. adhibhū &#38; adhibhūta] overpowered S.IV,186. (Page 29),9,1
  662. 15123,en,15,adhibrahma,adhibrahmā,Adhibrahmā,Adhibrahmā,[adhi + Brahmā,cp. atibrahmā] a superior Brahmā,higher than Brahmā M.II,132. (Page 29),10,1
  663. 15135,en,15,adhicca,adhicca,Adhicca,Adhicca,<sup>3</sup> (adj.) [= adhicca 2 in adj. function,influenced by,homonym abhabba] without a cause (for assumption),unreasonable,unlikely S.V,457. (Page 28),7,1
  664. 15136,en,15,adhicca,adhicca,Adhicca,Adhicca,<sup>2</sup> (°-) [Sk. *adhṛtya,a + *dhicca,ger. of <em>dhṛ</em>,cp. dhāra,dhāraṇa 3,dhāreti 4] unsupported,uncaused,fortuitous,without cause or reason; in foll. phrases:<i>°āpattika</i> guilty without intention M.I,443; <i>°uppatti</i> spontaneous origin DhsA.238; <i>°laddha</i> obtained without being asked for,unexpectedly Vv 84<sup>22</sup> = J.V,171 = VI,315 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at J.V,171 by ahetunā,at VI,316 by akā‹-› raṇena) <i>°samuppanna</i> arisen without a cause,spontaneous,unconditioned D.I,28 = Ud.69; D.III,33,138; S.II,22--23 (sukhadukkhaṃ); A.III,440 (id.); Ps.I,155; DA.I,118 (= akāraṇa°). (Page 28),7,1
  665. 15137,en,15,adhicca,adhicca,Adhicca,Adhicca,<sup>1</sup> [ger. of adhi + eti,see adhīyati] learning,studying,learning by heart J.III,218,327 = IV.301; IV,184 (vede = adhīyitvā C.),477 (sajjhāyitvā C.); VI,213; Miln.164. (Page 28),7,1
  666. 15196,en,15,adhiceto,adhiceto,Adhiceto,Adhiceto,(adj.) [adhi + ceto] lofty-minded,entranced Th.1,68 = Ud.43 = Vin.IV,54 = DhA.III,384. (Page 28),8,1
  667. 15199,en,15,adhicinna,adhiciṇṇa,Adhiciṇṇa,Adhiciṇṇa,only at S.III,12,where v. l. is <i>aviciṇṇa</i>,which is to be preferred. See viciṇṇa. (Page 28),9,1
  668. 15210,en,15,adhicitta,adhicitta,Adhicitta,Adhicitta,(nt.) [adhi + citta] “higher thought”,meditation,contemplation,usually in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>adhisīla</i> and <i>adhipaññā</i> Vin.I,70; D.III,219; M.I,451; A.I,254,256; Nd<sup>1</sup> 39 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 689 (°sikkhā); Dh.185 (= aṭṭha-samāpattisaṅkhāta adhika-citta DhA.III,238). (Page 28),9,1
  669. 15243,en,15,adhideva,adhideva,Adhideva,Adhideva,[adhi + deva] a superior or supreme god,above the gods M.II,132; A.IV,304; Sn.1148; Nd<sup>2</sup> 307<sup>b</sup>,422 a. Cp. atideva. (Page 28),8,1
  670. 15261,en,15,adhigacchati,adhigacchati,Adhigacchati,Adhigacchati,[adhi + gacchati] to get to,to come into possession of,to acquire,attain,find; fig. to understand D.I,229 (vivesaṃ) M.I,140 (anvesaṃ n’âdhigacchanti do not find); S.I,22 (Nibbānaṃ); II,278 (id.); A.I,162 (id.); Dh.187,365; It.82 (santiṃ); Th.2,51; Pug.30,31; Pv.I,7<sup>4</sup> (nibbutiṃ = labhati PvA.37); III,7<sup>10</sup> (amataṃ padaṃ). opt. <i>adhigaccheyya</i> D.I,224 (kusalaṃ dhammaṃ); M.I,114 (madhu-piṇḍikaṃ); Dh.61 and <i>adhigacche</i> Dh.368. ger. <i>°gantvā</i> D.I,224; J.I,45 (ānisaṃse); and <i>°gamma</i> Pv.I,11<sup>9</sup> (= vinditvā paṭilabhitvā PvA.60). grd. <i>°gantabba</i> It.104 (nibbāna). cond. <i>°gacchissaṃ</i> Sn.446. 1<sup>st</sup> aor. 3 sg. <i>ajjhagā</i> Sn.225 (= vindi paṭilabhi KhA 180); Dh.154; Vv 32<sup>7</sup>; 3 pl. <i>ajjhagū</i> J.I,256 (vyasanaṃ) &#38; <i>ajjhāgamuṃ</i> S.I,12. 2<sup>nd</sup> aor. 3 sg. <i>adhigacchi</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 457. ‹-› pp. <i>adhigata</i> (q. v.). (Page 28),12,1
  671. 15284,en,15,adhigama,adhigama,Adhigama,Adhigama,[fr. adhigacchati] attainment,acquisition; also fig. knowledge,information,study (the latter mainly in Miln) D.III,255; S.II,139; A.II,148; IV,22,332; V,194; J.I,406; Nett 91; Miln.133,215,358,362,388; PvA.207. (Page 28),8,1
  672. 15350,en,15,adhigameti,adhigameti,Adhigameti,Adhigameti,[adhi + gameti,Caus. of gacchati] to make obtain,to procure PvA.30. (Page 28),10,1
  673. 15375,en,15,adhiganhati,adhigaṇhāti,Adhigaṇhāti,Adhigaṇhāti,[adhi + gaṇhāti] to surpass,excel S.I,87 = DA.I,32; D.III,146; S.IV,275; A.III,33; It.19. Ger. <i>adhigayha</i> Pv.II,9<sup>62</sup> = DhA.III,219 (v. l. BB at both pass. atikkamma); &#38; <i>adhiggahetvā</i> It.20. -- pp. <i>adhiggahīta</i> (q. v.). (Page 28),11,1
  674. 15398,en,15,adhigata,adhigata,Adhigata,Adhigata,[pp. of adhigacchati] got into possession of,conquered,attained,found J.I,374; VvA.135. (Page 28),8,1
  675. 15429,en,15,adhigatavant,adhigatavant,Adhigatavant,Adhigatavant,(adj.-n.) [fr. adhigata] one who has found or obtained VvA.296 (Nibbānaṃ). (Page 28),12,1
  676. 15448,en,15,adhiggahita,adhiggahīta,Adhiggahīta,Adhiggahīta,[pp. of adhigaṇhāti] excelled,surpassed; overpowered,taken by (Instr.),possessed J.III,427 (= anuggahīta C.); V,102; VI,525 = 574; It.103; Miln.188,189; Sdhp.98. (Page 28),11,1
  677. 15462,en,15,adhijeguccha,adhijeguccha,Adhijeguccha,Adhijeguccha,(nt.) [adhi + jeguccha] intense scrupulous regard (for others) D.I,174,176. (Page 28),12,1
  678. 15472,en,15,adhika,adhika,Adhika,Adhika,(adj.) [fr. adhi; cp. Sk. adhika] exceeding,extraordinary,superior,Pug.35; VvA.80 (= anadhivara,visiṭṭha); DA.I,141,222; Dpvs.V,32 (an°); DhA.III,238; KhA 193 (= anuttara); Sdhp.337,447. -- compar. <i>adhikatara</i> DhA.II,7; III,176; nt. <i>°ṃ</i> as adv. extraordinarily PvA.86 (= adhimattaṃ). In comb<sup>n.</sup> with numerals adhika has the meaning of “in addition,with an additional,plus” (cp. ādi + ādika,with which it is evidently confounded,adhika being constructed in the same way as ādika,i. e. preceding the noun-determination),e. g. catunahutâdhikāni dve yojana-sahassāni 2000 + 94 (= 294 000) J.I,25; sattamāsâdhikāni sattavassāni 7 years and 7 months J.V,319; paññāsâdhikāni pañca vassa-satani 500 + 50 (= 550) PvA.152. See also sâdhika. (Page 27),6,1
  679. 15515,en,15,adhikara,adhikāra,Adhikāra,Adhikāra,[cp. Sk. adhikāra] attendance,service,administration,supervision,management,help Vin.I,55; J.I,56; VI,251; Miln.60,115,165; PvA.124 (dāna°; cp. Pv.II,9<sup>27</sup>); DhA.II,41. (Page 27),8,1
  680. 15533,en,15,adhikarana,adhikaraṇa,Adhikaraṇa,Adhikaraṇa,(nt.) [adhi + karaṇa] 1. attendance,supervision,management of affairs,administration PvA.209. ‹-› 2. relation,reference,reason,cause,consequence D.II,59 (-°:in consequence of); S.II,41; V,19. Esp. Acc. <i>°ṃ</i> as adv. (-°) in consequence of,for the sake of,because of,from M.I,410 (rūpâdhikaraṇaṃ); S.IV,339 (rāga°); Miln.281 (mudda° for the sake of the royal seal,orig. in attendance on the r. s.). Kimâdhikaraṇaṃ why,on account of what J.IV,4 (= kiṅkāraṇaṃ) yatvâdhikaraṇaṃ (yato + adhi°) by reason of what,since,because (used as conj.) D.I,70 = A.I,113 = II,16 = D.III,225. -- 3. case,question,cause,subject of discussion,dispute. There are 4 sorts of a. enum<sup>d.</sup> at var. passages,viz. <i>vivāda° anuvāda° āpatta° kicca°</i> “questions of dispute,of censure,of misconduct,of duties” Vin.II,88; III,164; IV,126,238; M.II,247. ‹-› Often ref.:Vin.II,74; S.IV,63 = V,346 (dhamma° a question of the Dh.); A.I,53 (case),79; II,239 (vūpasanta); V,71,72; Pug.20,55; DhA.IV,2 (°ssa uppamassa vūpasama),adhikaraṇaṃ karoti to raise a dispute M.I,122 °ṃ vūpasameti to settle a question or difficulty Vin.II,261.<br><br> <i>--kāraka</i> one who causes dispute discussions or dissent Vin.IV,230 (f. °ikā); A.III,252. <i>--samatha</i> the settlings of questions that have arisen. There are seven rules for settling cases enum<sup>d.</sup> at D.III,254; M.II,247; A.I,99; IV,144. (Page 27),10,1
  681. 15612,en,15,adhikarani,adhikaraṇī,Adhikaraṇī,Adhikaraṇī,(f.) [to adhikaraṇa 1,orig. meaning “serving,that which serves,i. e. instrument”] a smith’s anvil J.III,285; Dāvs III,16 sq.; DhsA.263. (Page 27),10,1
  682. 15621,en,15,adhikaranika,adhikaraṇika,Adhikaraṇika,Adhikaraṇika,[fr. adhikaraṇa] one who has to do with the settling of disputes or questions,a judge A.V,164,167. (Page 27),12,1
  683. 15642,en,15,adhikarika,adhikārika,Adhikārika,Adhikārika,(adj.) (-°) [to adhikāra] serving as,referring to Vin.III,274 (Bdhgh). (Page 28),10,1
  684. 15662,en,15,adhikata,adhikata,Adhikata,Adhikata,(adj.) [adhi + kata; cp. Sk. adhikṛta] 1. commissioned with,an overseer,Pv.II,9<sup>27</sup> (dāne adhikata = ṭhapita PvA.124). -- 2. caused by Miln.67 (kamma°). ‹-› 3. affected by something,i. e. confused,puzzled,in doubt Miln.144 (+ vimātijāta). (Page 27),8,1
  685. 15700,en,15,adhikodhita,adhikodhita,Adhikodhita,Adhikodhita,(adj.) [adhi + kodhita] very angry J.V,117. (Page 28),11,1
  686. 15715,en,15,adhikusala,adhikusala,Adhikusala,Adhikusala,(adj.) [adhi + kusala] in °ā dhammā “items of higher righteousness” D.III,145. (Page 28),10,1
  687. 15726,en,15,adhikuttana,adhikuṭṭanā,Adhikuṭṭanā,Adhikuṭṭanā,(f.) [adhi + koṭṭanā or koṭṭana] an executioner’s block Th.2,58; cp. ThA.65 (v. l. kuḍḍanā,should prob. be read koṭṭana); ThA.287. (Page 28),11,1
  688. 15736,en,15,adhimana,adhimana,Adhimana,Adhimana,(n.-adj.) [adhi + mano] (n.) attention,direction of mind,concentration Sn.692 (adhimanasā bhavātha). ‹-› (adj.) directing one’s mind upon,intent (on) J.IV,433 (= pasannacitta); V,29 (an°; v. l. °māna). (Page 29),8,1
  689. 15745,en,15,adhimana,adhimāna,Adhimāna,Adhimāna,[adhi + māna] undue estimate of oneself M.II,252; A.V,162 sq. (Page 29),8,1
  690. 15764,en,15,adhimanika,adhimānika,Adhimānika,Adhimānika,(adj.) [fr. adhimāna] having undue confidence in oneself,conceited A.V,162,169,317; DhA.III,111. (Page 29),10,1
  691. 15775,en,15,adhimatta,adhimatta,Adhimatta,Adhimatta,(adj.) [adhi + matta of <em>mā</em>] extreme,exceeding,extraordinary; nt. adv. °ṃ extremely M.I,152,243; S.IV,160; A.II,150; IV,241; J.I,92; Pug.15; Miln.146,189,274,290; Pv.II,3<sup>6</sup> (= adhikataraṃ PvA.86); DhA.II,85; cp. PvA.281. (Page 29),9,1
  692. 15817,en,15,adhimattata,adhimattata,Adhimattata,Adhimattata,(nt.) [abstr. fr. prec.] preponderance A.II,150; DhsA.334 (cp. Dhs. trsl. 200). (Page 29),11,1
  693. 15850,en,15,adhimokkha,adhimokkha,Adhimokkha,Adhimokkha,[fr. adhi + <em>muc</em>] firm resolve,determination,decision M.III,25 sq.; Vbh.165 sq.,425; DhsA.145,264. See Dhs. trsl. 5; Cpd. 17,40,95. (Page 30),10,1
  694. 15916,en,15,adhimuccana,adhimuccana,Adhimuccana,Adhimuccana,(nt.) [fr. adhi + <em>muc</em>] making up one’s mind,confidence DhsA.133,190. (Page 29),11,1
  695. 15935,en,15,adhimuccati,adhimuccati,Adhimuccati,Adhimuccati,[Pass. of adhi + <em>muc</em>] 1. to be drawn to,feel attached to or inclined towards,to indulge in (c. Loc.) S.III,225; IV,185; A.IV,24,145 sq.,460; V,17; Pug.63. ‹-› 2. to become settled,to make up one’s mind as to (with Loc.),to become clear about Vin.I,209 (aor. °mucci); D.I,106; S.I,116 (pot. °mucceyya); It.43; DA.I,275. ‹-› 3. to take courage,to have faith Sn.559; Miln.234; DA.I,214,316; J.IV,272; V,103; DhA.I,196; III,258; IV,170. ‹-› 4. of a spirit,to possess,to enter into a body,with Loc. of the body. A late idiom for the older anvāvisati. J.IV,172; V,103,429; DhA.I,196; III,258; IV,170. ‹-› pp. <i>adhimuccita</i> and <i>adhimutta</i>. -- Caus. <i>adhimoceti</i> to incline to (trs.); to direct upon (with Loc.) S.V,409 (cittaṃ devesu a.). (Page 29),11,1
  696. 15952,en,15,adhimuccita,adhimuccita,Adhimuccita,Adhimuccita, &#38; Adhimucchita (pp.) [either adhi + <em>muc</em> or <em>mūrch</em><i>;</i> it would seem more probable to connect it with the former (cp. adhimuccati) and consider all vv. ll. °mucchita as spurious; but in view of the credit of several passages we have to assume a regular analogy-form °mucchita,cp. mucchati and see also J.P.T.S. 1886,109] drawn towards,attached to,infatuated,indulging in (with Loc.) M.II,223 (an°); S.I,113; Th.1,732 (v. l. °muccita),923 (cch),1175; J.II,437 (cch); III,242; V,255 (kāmesu °mucchita,v. l. °muccita). Cp. ajjhomucchita. (Page 29),11,1
  697. 15957,en,15,adhimuccitar,adhimuccitar,Adhimuccitar,Adhimuccitar,[n. ag. of adhimuccati] one who determines for something,easily trusting,giving credence A.III,165 (v. l. °mucchitā). (Page 29),12,1
  698. 15974,en,15,adhimutta,adhimutta,Adhimutta,Adhimutta,(adj.) [pp. of adhimuccati,cp. BSk. adhimukta. Av. Ś I,8,112; Divy 49,302 etc.] intent upon (-° or with Loc. or Acc.),applying oneself to,keen on,inclined to,given to Vin.I,183; A.V,34,38; Dh.226; Sn.1071,1149 (°citta); Nd<sup>2</sup> 33; J.I,370 (dān°) Pug.26; PvA.134 (dān°). (Page 29),9,1
  699. 16001,en,15,adhimutti,adhimutti,Adhimutti,Adhimutti,(f.) [adhi + mutti] resolve,intention,disposition D.I,174; A.V,36; Ps.I,124; Miln.161,169; Vbh.340,341; DA.I,44,103; Sdhp.378. (Page 29),9,1
  700. 16010,en,15,adhimuttika,adhimuttika,Adhimuttika,Adhimuttika,(adj.) [= adhimutta] inclined to,attached to,bent on S.II,154,158; It.70; Vbh.339 sq. + <i>tā</i> (f.) inclination D.I,2. (Page 30),11,1
  701. 16025,en,15,adhina,adhīna,Adhīna,Adhīna,(adj.) (-°) [cp. Sk. adhīna] subject,dependent D.I,72 (<i>atta° </i>&<i> para°</i>); J.IV,112; DA.I,217; also written <i>ādhīna</i> J.V,350. See also under para. (Page 30),6,1
  702. 16045,en,15,adhipa,adhipa,Adhipa,Adhipa,[Sk. adhipa,abbrev. of adhipati] ruler,lord,master J.II,369; III,324; V,393; Pv.II,8<sup>6</sup> (jan° king); Dāvs III,52; VvA.314. (Page 28),6,1
  703. 16064,en,15,adhipacca,ādhipacca,Ādhipacca,Ādhipacca,( &#38; Ādhipateyya) (nt.) [fr. adhi + pati + ya “being over-lord”; see also adhipateyya] supreme rule,lordship,sovereignty,power S.V,342 (issariy°); A.I,62 (id.),147,212; II,205 (id.); III,33,76; IV,252 sg.; Pv.II,9<sup>59</sup> (one of the ṭhānas,cp. ṭhāna II.2b; see also D.III,146,where spelt ādhipateyya; expl<sup>d.</sup> by issariya at PvA.137); J.I,57; Dāvs.V,17; VvA.126 (gehe ā = issariya). The three (att°,lok°,dhamm°) at Vism.14. (Page 100),9,1
  704. 16107,en,15,adhipajjati,adhipajjati,Adhipajjati,Adhipajjati,[adhi + pajjati] to come to,reach,attain A.IV,96 (anatthaṃ); pp. <i>adhipanna</i>. (Page 28),11,1
  705. 16112,en,15,adhipaka,adhipaka,Adhipaka,Adhipaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr. prec.] mastering,ruling or governed,influenced by (cp. adhipati) A.I,150 (atta° loka° dhamma°). (Page 28),8,1
  706. 16121,en,15,adhipanna,adhipaññā,Adhipaññā,Adhipaññā,(f.) [adhi + paññā] higher wisdom or knowledge,insight (cp. jhāna &#38; paññā); usually in comb<sup>n.</sup> with adhicitta &#38; adhisīla Vin.I,70; D.I,174; III,219 (°sikkhā); A.I,240; II,92 sq.,239; III,106 sq.,327; IV,360; Nd<sup>1</sup> 39 (id.); Ps.I,20,25 sq.,45 sq.,169; II,11,244; Pug.61. (Page 28),9,1
  707. 16129,en,15,adhipanna,adhipanna,Adhipanna,Adhipanna,[cp. Sk. abhipanna,adhi + <em>pad</em>] gone into,affected with,seized by (-°),a victim of (c. Loc.) S.I,72,Th.2,345 (kāmesu); Sn.1123 (taṇhā° = taṇhânugata Nd<sup>2</sup> 32); Dh.288; J.III,38,369; IV,396; V,91,379 (= dosena ajjhotthaṭa); VI,27. (Page 29),9,1
  708. 16159,en,15,adhipata,adhipāta,Adhipāta,Adhipāta,<sup>2</sup> [from adhipatati = Sk. atipatati,to fly past,flit] a moth Sn.964. Expl<sup>d.</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 484 as “adhipātikā ti tā uppatitvā khādanti taṅkāraṇā a. vuccanti”; Ud.72 (expl<sup>d.</sup> by C. as salabhā). (Page 29),8,1
  709. 16160,en,15,adhipata,adhipāta,Adhipāta,Adhipāta,<sup>1</sup> [adhipāteti] splitting,breaking,only in phrase <i>muddhā°</i> head-splitting Sn.988 sq.,1004,1025 (v. l. Nd<sup>2</sup> °vipāta). (Page 29),8,1
  710. 16174,en,15,adhipatana,adhipatana,Adhipatana,Adhipatana,(nt.) [fr. adhipatati] attack,pressing ThA.271. (Page 29),10,1
  711. 16178,en,15,adhipatati,adhipatati,Adhipatati,Adhipatati,[adhi + patati] to fly past,vanish J.IV,111 (= ativiya patati sīghaṃ atikkamati C.). -- Caus. <i>adhipāteti</i> (q. v.) in diff. meaning. Cp. also adhipāta. (Page 29),10,1
  712. 16188,en,15,adhipateti,adhipāteti,Adhipāteti,Adhipāteti,[Caus. fr. adhipatati,cp. Sk. abhipātayati &#38; P. atipāteti] to break,split J.IV,337 (= chindati). At Ud.8 prob. to be read <i>adhibādheti</i> (v. l. avibādeti. T. adhipāteti). (Page 29),10,1
  713. 16194,en,15,adhipateyya,adhipateyya,Adhipateyya,Adhipateyya,(nt.) A.I,147; III 33 = S.IV,275 is probably misreading for ādhipateyya. (Page 29),11,1
  714. 16221,en,15,adhipati,adhipati,Adhipati,Adhipati,(n.-adj.) [adhi + pati,cp. adhipa] 1. ruler,master J.IV,223; Vv 81<sup>1</sup>; Miln.388; DhA.I,36 (= seṭṭha). ‹-› 2. ruling over,governing,predominant; ruled or governed by Vbh.216 sq. (chandaṃ adhipatiṃ katvā making energy predominant); DhsA.125,126 (atta° autonomous,loka° heteronomous,influenced by society). See alṣo Dhs. trsl. 20 &#38; Cpd. 60. (Page 29),8,1
  715. 16232,en,15,adhipatika,adhipatikā,Adhipatikā,Adhipatikā,(f.) [fr. adhipāta<sup>2</sup>] a moth,a mosquito Nd<sup>1</sup> 484 (see adhipāta<sup>2</sup>). (Page 29),10,1
  716. 16237,en,15,adhipatimokkha,adhipāṭimokkha,Adhipāṭimokkha,Adhipāṭimokkha,(nt.) [adhi + pāṭimokkha] the higher,moral,code Vin.V,1 (pāṭim° +); M.II,245 (+ ajjhājīva). (Page 29),14,1
  717. 16256,en,15,adhipatthita,adhipatthita,Adhipatthita,Adhipatthita,[pp. adhi + pattheti,cp. Sk. abhi + arthayati] desired,wished,begged for D.I,120. (Page 29),12,1
  718. 16259,en,15,adhippaga,adhippāgā,Adhippāgā,Adhippāgā,3 sg. aor. of adhippagacchati to go to J.V,59. (Page 29),9,1
  719. 16266,en,15,adhippagharati,adhippagharati,Adhippagharati,Adhippagharati,[adhi + ppa + gharati] to flow,to trickle ThA.284. (Page 29),14,1
  720. 16276,en,15,adhippaya,adhippāya,Adhippāya,Adhippāya,[adhi + ppa + <em>i</em><i>;</i> Sk. abhiprāya] 1. intention,wish,desire S.I,124; V,108; A.II,81; III,363 (bhoga°); V,65; J.I,79,83; Sdhp.62. As adj. (-°) desiring PvA.226 (hass° in play = khiḍḍatthika). -- 2. sense,meaning,conclusion,inference (cp. adhigama) Miln.148; PvA.8,16,48,131 (the moral of a story). <i>--adhippāyena</i> (Instr.) in the way of,like PvA.215 (kīḷ for fun). (Page 29),9,1
  721. 16316,en,15,adhippayosa,adhippāyosa,Adhippāyosa,Adhippāyosa,[adhi + pāyosa] distinction,difference,peculiarity,special meaning M I 46; S.III,66; IV,208; A.I,267; IV,158; V,48 sq. (Page 29),11,1
  722. 16325,en,15,adhippeta,adhippeta,Adhippeta,Adhippeta,[Sk. abhipreta,adhi + ppa + <em>i</em>,lit. gone into,gone for; cp. adhippāya] 1. desired,approved of,agreeable D.I,120; II,236; VvA.312,315. -- 2. meant,understood,intended as J.III,263; PvA.9,80,120,164. (Page 29),9,1
  723. 16331,en,15,adhippetatta,adhippetatta,Adhippetatta,Adhippetatta,(nt.) [abstr. fr. adhippeta] the fact of being meant or understood as,in Abl. °ā with reference to,as is to be understood of VvA.13; PvA.52. (Page 29),12,1
  724. 16348,en,15,adhiroha,adhiroha,Adhiroha,Adhiroha,[fr. adhi + <em>ruh</em>] ascent,ascending; in <i>dur°</i> hard to ascend Miln.322. (Page 30),8,1
  725. 16374,en,15,adhisayana,adhisayana,Adhisayana,Adhisayana,(nt.-adj.) [fr. adhiseti] lying on or in,inhabiting PvA.80 (mañcaṃ). (Page 30),10,1
  726. 16384,en,15,adhisayita,adhisayita,Adhisayita,Adhisayita,[pp. of adhiseti] sat on,addled (of eggs) Vin.III,3; S.III,153. (Page 30),10,1
  727. 16399,en,15,adhiseti,adhiseti,Adhiseti,Adhiseti,[adhi + <i>seti</i>] to lie on,sit on,live in,to follow,pursue Dh.41; Sn.671 (= gacchati C.) -- pp. <i>adhisayita</i>. (Page 30),8,1
  728. 16411,en,15,adhisila,adhisīla,Adhisīla,Adhisīla,(nt.) [adhi + sīla] higher morality,usually in threefold set of <i>adhicitta-sikkha</i>,<i> adhipaññā° adhisïla°</i> Vin.I,70; D.I,174; III,219; A.III,133; IV,25; DhA.I,334; PvA.207. See also adhicitta,sikkhā &#38; sīla. (Page 30),8,1
  729. 16464,en,15,adhitthaka,adhiṭṭhaka,Adhiṭṭhaka,Adhiṭṭhaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr. adhiṭṭhāti] bent on,given to,addicted to J.V,427 (surā°). (Page 28),10,1
  730. 16477,en,15,adhitthana,adhiṭṭhāna,Adhiṭṭhāna,Adhiṭṭhāna,(nt.) [fr. adhi + <em>sthā</em>] 1. decision,resolution,self-determination,will (cp. on this meaning Cpd. 62) D.III,229 (where 4 are enum<sup>d.</sup>,viz. paññā°,sacca° cāga° upasama°); J.I,23; V,174; Ps.I,108; II,171 sq.,207; DhsA.166 (cp. Dhs. trsl. 44). -- 2. mentioned in bad sense with <i>abhinivesa</i> and <i>anusaya</i>,obstinacy,prejudice and bias M.I,136; III,31,240; S.II,17; III,10,135,194. -- As adj. (-°) applying oneself to,bent on A.III,363. -- 3. looking after,management,direction,power Miln.309 (devānaṃ); PvA.141 (so read for adhitaṭṭhāna). [<i>adiṭṭhāna</i> as PvA.89,used as explanatory for <i>āvāsa</i>,should perhaps be read <i>adhiṭṭhāna</i> in the sense of fixed,permanent,abode]. (Page 28),10,1
  731. 16580,en,15,adhitthati,adhiṭṭhāti,Adhiṭṭhāti,Adhiṭṭhāti,(adhiṭṭhahati) [Sk. adhitiṣṭhati,adhi + <em>sthā</em>] 1. to stand on J.III,278 (ger. °āya); DhA.IV,183 (ger. °hitvā); fig. to insist on Th.1,1131 (aor. °āhi). -- 2. to concentrate or fix one’s attention on (c. Acc.),to direct one’s thoughts to,to make up one’s mind,to wish Vin.I,115 (inf. °ṭhātuṃ),297 (id.),125 (grd. °ṭhātabba) J.I,80 (aor. °ahi); III,278; IV,134 (v. l. ati° C. expl<sup>s.</sup> abhibhavitvā tiṭṭhati); DhA.I,34; IV,201 (ger. °hitvā); PvA.23 (aor. °ṭhāsi) 171 (id.),75 (ger. °hitvā). On adhiṭṭheyya see Cpd. 209,n. 2; 219,n. 1. -- 3. to undertake,practice,perform,look after,to celebrate S.II,17; A.I,115 sq.; J.I,50; PvA.209 (ger. °ṭhāya). -- pp. <i>adhiṭṭhita</i> (q. v.). (Page 28),10,1
  732. 16602,en,15,adhitthayaka,adhiṭṭhāyaka,Adhiṭṭhāyaka,Adhiṭṭhāyaka,(adj.) (-°) superintending,watching,looking after,in <i>kamma°</i> Mhvs 5,175; 30,98; <i>kammanta°</i> DhA.I,393. (Page 28),12,1
  733. 16622,en,15,adhitthita,adhiṭṭhita,Adhiṭṭhita,Adhiṭṭhita,(adj.) [pp. of adhiṭṭhāti] 1. standing on (c. Loc.),esp. with the idea of standing above,towering over Vv 63<sup>30</sup> (hemarathe a. = sakalaṃ ṭhānaṃ abhibhavitvā ṭhita VvA.269). -- (a) looked after,managed,undertaken,governed Vin.I,57; S.V,278 (sv’âdhiṭṭhita); PvA.141 (kammanta). -- (b) undertaking,bent on (c. Acc.) Sn.820 (ekacariyaṃ). (Page 28),10,1
  734. 16656,en,15,adhivacana,adhivacana,Adhivacana,Adhivacana,(nt.) [adhi + vacana] designation,term,attrîbute,metaphor,metaphorical expression D.II,62; M.I,113,144,460; A.II,70,124; III,310; IV,89,285,340; It.15,114; Sn.p. 218; J.I,117; Nd<sup>2</sup> 34 = Dhs.1306 (= nāma saṅkhā paññatti etc.); Vbh.6; PvA.63. See on term Dhs. trsl. 340.<br><br> <i>--patha</i> “process of synonymous nomenclature” (Mrs. Rh. D.) D.II,68; S.III,71; Dhs.1306; DhsA.51. (Page 30),10,1
  735. 16681,en,15,adhivaha,adhivāha,Adhivāha,Adhivāha,[fr. adhi + <em>vah</em>; cp. Sk. abhivahati] a carrier,bearer,adj. bringing S.IV,70 (dukkha°); A.I,6; Th.1,494. (Page 30),8,1
  736. 16690,en,15,adhivahana,adhivāhana,Adhivāhana,Adhivāhana,(nt.-adj.) [fr. adhi + <em>vah</em>] carrying,bringing,bearing Sn.79; f. <i>°ī</i> Th.1,519. (Page 30),10,1
  737. 16700,en,15,adhivara,adhivara,Adhivara,Adhivara,(adj.) [adhi + vara] superb,excellent,surpassing Vv 16<sup>3</sup> (<i>an°</i> unsurpassed,unrivalled; VvA.80 = adhika,visiṭṭha). (Page 30),8,1
  738. 16706,en,15,adhivasa,adhivāsa,Adhivāsa,Adhivāsa,[fr. adhi + <em>vas</em>] endurance,forbearance,holding out; only as adj. in <i>dur°</i> difficult to hold out Th.1,111. <i>Adhivāsaka (</i>&<i> °ika)</i> (adj.) [fr. adhivāsa] willing,agreeable,enduring,patient Vin.IV,130; M.I,10,526; A.II,118; III,163; V,132; J.III,369 (an°); IV,11,77. (Page 30),8,1
  739. 16727,en,15,adhivasana,adhivāsana,Adhivāsana,Adhivāsana,(nṭ.) [fr. adhi + <em>vas</em>] 1 assent A.III,31; DhA.I,33. -- 2. forbearance,endurance M.I,10; J.II,237; III,263; IV,307; V,174. (Page 30),10,1
  740. 16753,en,15,adhivasanata,adhivāsanatā,Adhivāsanatā,Adhivāsanatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. adhivāsana] patience,endurance,Dhs.1342; Vbh.360 (an°). (Page 30),12,1
  741. 16790,en,15,adhivaseti,adhivāseti,Adhivāseti,Adhivāseti,[Caus. of adhivasati,cp. BSk. adhivāsayati in meaning of 3] 1. to wait for (c. Acc.) J.I,254; II,352; III,277. -- 2. to have patience,bear,endure (c. Acc.) D.II,128,157; J.I,46; III,281 (pahāre); IV,279,407; V,51,200; VvA.336,337. -- 3. to consent,agree,give in Vin.I,17; D.I,109 (cp. DA.I,277); S.IV,76; DhA.I,33; PvA.17,20,75 and freq. passim. -- Caus. <i>adhivāsāpeti</i> to cause to wait J.I,254. (Page 30),10,1
  742. 16815,en,15,adhivattati,adhivattati,Adhivattati,Adhivattati,[adhi + vattati] to come on,proceed,issue,result S.I,101; A.II,32. (Page 30),11,1
  743. 16826,en,15,adhivattha,adhivattha,Adhivattha,Adhivattha,(adj.) [pp. of adhivasati] inhabiting,living in (c. Loc.) Vin.I,28; S.I,197; J.I,223; II,385; III,327; PvA.17. The form <i>adhivuttha</i> occurs at J.VI,370. (Page 30),10,1
  744. 16834,en,15,adhivimokkhatta,adhivimokkhatta,Adhivimokkhatta,Adhivimokkhatta,(nt.) = adhimokkha; being inclined to DhsA.261. (Page 30),15,1
  745. 16837,en,15,adhivimuttatta,adhivimuttatta,Adhivimuttatta,Adhivimuttatta,(nt.) = adhivimokkhatta &#38; adhimutti,i. e. propensity,the fact of being inclined or given to J.V,254 (T. kāmādhivimuttitā,v. l. °muttata). (Page 30),14,1
  746. 16848,en,15,adhivuttha,adhivuttha,Adhivuttha,Adhivuttha,see <i>adhivattha</i>. (Page 30),10,1
  747. 16857,en,15,adhivutti,adhivutti,Adhivutti,Adhivutti,(f.) [adhi + vutti,fr. adhi + <em>vac</em>,cp. Sk. abhivadati] expression,saying,opinion; only in tt. <i>adhivuttipada</i> (v. l. <i>adhimutti-p</i>. at all passages) D.I,13 (expl<sup>d.</sup> by adhivacana-pada DA.I,103); M.II,228; A.V,36. (Page 30),9,1
  748. 16877,en,15,adhiyati,adhīyati,Adhīyati,Adhīyati, &#38; adhiyati [Med. of adhi + <em>i</em>,1<sup>st</sup> sg. adhīye taken as base in Pāli] to study,lit. to approach (cp. adhigacchati); to learn by heart (the Vedas &#38; other Sacred Books) Vin.I,270; S.I,202 (dhammapadāni); J.IV,184 (adhīyitvā),496 (adhīyamāna); VI,458; DhA.III,446 (adhīyassu). -- ger. <i>adhīyitvā</i> J.IV,75; <i>adhiyānaṃ</i> J.V,450 (= sajjhāyitvā C.) &#38; <i>adhicca</i>:see adhicca 2; pp. <i>adhiyita</i> D.I,96. (Page 30),8,1
  749. 16890,en,15,adhiyita,adhiyita,Adhiyita,Adhiyita,see adhīyati. (Page 30),8,1
  750. 16908,en,15,adho,adho,Adho,Adho,(adv.) [Vedic adhaḥ; compar. adharaḥ = Lat. inferus,Goth. undar,E. under,Ind. * n̊dher-; superl. adhamaḥ = Lat. infimus] below,usually comb<sup>d.</sup> or contrasted with <i>uddhaṃ</i> “above” and <i>tiriyaṃ</i> “across”,describing the 3 dimensions. -- <i>uddhaṃ</i> and <i>adho</i> above and below,marking zenith &#38; nadir. Thus with uddhaṃ and the 4 bearings <i>(disā)</i> and intermediate points <i>(anudisā)</i> at S.I,122; III,124; A.IV,167; with uddhaṃ &#38; tiriyaṃ at Sn.150,537,1055,1068. Expl<sup>d.</sup> at KhA 248 by heṭṭhā and in detail (dogmatically &#38; speculatively) at Nd<sup>2</sup> 155. For further ref. see uddhaṃ. The comp<sup>n.</sup> form of adho before vowels is adh°.<br><br> <i>--akkhaka</i> beneath the collar-bone Vin.IV,213. <i>--agga</i> with the points downward (of the upper row of teeth) J v.156 (+ uddh° expl<sup>d.</sup> by uparima-danta C.). <i>--kata</i> turned down,or upside down J.I,20; VI,298. <i>--gata</i> gone by,past. Adv. °ṃ since (cp. uddhaṃ adv. later or after) J.VI,187 (ito māsaṃ adhogataṃ since one month ago). <i>--gala</i> (so read for T. udho°) down the throat PvA.104. <i>--mukha</i> head forward,face downward,bent over,upturned Vin.II,78; M.I,132,234:Vv 16<sup>1</sup> (= heṭṭhā mukha VvA.78). <i>--bhāga</i> the lower part (of the body) M.I,473; DhA.I,148. <i>--virecana</i> action of a purgative (opp. uddha° of an emetic) D.I,12; DA.I,98 (= adho dosānaṃ nīharaṇaṃ); DhsA.404. <i>--sākhaṃ</i> (+ uddhamūlaṃ) branches down ( &#38; roots up,i. e. uprooted) DhA.I,75. <i>--sira</i> (adj.) head downward J.IV,194. <i>--siraṃ</i> (adv.) with bowed head (cp. avaṃsiraṃ) J.VI,298 (= siraṃ adhokatvā heṭṭhāmukho C.). <i>--sīsa</i> (adj.) head first,headlong J.I,233; v.472 (°ka). (Page 30),4,1
  751. 17049,en,15,adhuna,adhunā,Adhunā,Adhunā,(adv.) [Vedic adhunā] just now,quite recently D.II,208; Vin.II,185 (kālakata); Miln.155; Dāvs II,94.<br><br> <i>--āgata</i> a new comer M.I,457; J.II,105. <i>--âbhisitta</i> newly or just anointed D.II,227. <i>--uppanna</i> just arisen D.II,208,221. (Page 30),6,1
  752. 17096,en,15,adhura,adhura,Adhura,Adhura,(nt.) [a + dhura,see dhura 2] irresponsibility,indifference to oblihations J.IV,241. (Page 30),6,1
  753. 17101,en,15,adhuta,ādhuta,Ādhuta,Ādhuta,[ā + dhuta<sup>1</sup>] shaken,moved (by the wind,i. e. fanned Vv 39<sup>4</sup> (v. l. adhuta which is perhaps to be preferred,i. e. not shaken,cp. vātadhutaṃ Dāvs.V,49; VvA.178 expl<sup>s.</sup> by saṇikaṃ vidhūpayamāna,i. e. gently fanned). (Page 100),6,1
  754. 17134,en,15,adi,ādi,Ādi,Ādi,[Sk. ādi,etym. uncertain] -- 1. (m.) starting-point,beginning Sn.358 (Acc. ādiṃ = kāraṇaṃ SnA 351); Dh.375 (Nom. ādi); Miln.10 (ādimhi); J.VI,567 (Abl. ādito from the beginning). For use as nt. see below 2 b. -- 2. (adj. &#38; adv.) (a) (°-) beginning,initially,first,principal,chief:see cpds. -- (b) (°-) beginning with,being the first (of a series which either is supposed to be familiar in its constituents to the reader or hearer or is immediately intelligible from the context),i. e. and so on,so forth (cp. adhika); e. g. rukkha-gumb-ādayo (Acc. pl.) trees,jungle etc. J.I,150; amba-panas’ādīhi rukkehi sampanno (and similar kinds of fruit) J.I,278; amba-labuj’ādīnaṃ phalānaṃ anto J.II,159; asi-satti-dhami-ādīni āvudhāni (weapous,such as sword,knife,bow &#38; the like) J.I,150; kasi-gorakkh’ādīni karonte manusse J.II,128; . . . ti ādinā nayena in this and similar ways J.I,81; PvA.30. Absolute as nt. pl. <i>ādinī</i> with ti (evaṃ) (ādīni),closing a quotation,meaning “this and such like”,e. g. at J.II,128,416 (ti ādīni viravitvā). -- In phrase <i>ādiṃ katvā</i> meaning “putting (him,her,it) first”,i. e. heginning with,from . . . on,from . . . down (c. Acc.) e. g. DhA.I,393 (rājānaṃ ādiṃ K. from the king down); PvA.20 (vihāraṃ ādikatvā),21 (pañcavaggiye ādiṃ K.).<br><br> <i>--kammika</i> [cp. BSk. ādikarmaka Divy 544] a beginner Vin.III,146; IV,100; Miln.59; Vism.241; DhsA.187. <i>--kalyāṇa</i> in phrase ādikalyāṇa majjhe-kalyāṇa pariyosāna-kalyāṇa of the Dhamma,“beautiful in the beginning,the middle &#38; the end” see references under dhamma C. 3 and cp. DA.I,175 (= ādimhi kalyāṇa etc.); SnA 444; abstr. <i>°kalyāṇatā</i> Vism.4. <i>--pubbaṅgama</i> original Dpvs.IV,26. <i>--brahmacariyaka</i> belonging to the principles or fundaments of moral life D.I,189; III,284; M.I,431; II,125,211; III,192; S.II,75,223; IV,91; V,417,438; f. °ikā Vin.I,64,68; A.I,231 sq. <i>--majjhapariyosāna</i> beginning,middle &#38; end Miln.10; cp. above <i>ādikalyāṇa</i>. (Page 98),3,1
  755. 17193,en,15,adicca,ādicca,Ādicca,Ādicca,[Vedic āditya] the sun S.I,15,47; II,284; III,156; V,44,101; A.I,242; V,22,263,266 sq.; It.85; Sn.550,569,1097 (“ādicco vuccati suriyo” Nd<sup>2</sup> 125); DhA.IV,143; Sdhp.14,17,40.<br><br> <i>--upaṭṭhānā</i> sun-worship D.I,11 (= jīvikatthāya ādiccaparicariyā DA.I,97); J.II,72 (°jātaka; ādiccaṃ upatiṭṭhati p. 73 = suriyaṃ namassamāno tiṭṭhati C.). <i>--patha</i> the path of the sun,i. e. the sky,the heavens Dh.175 (= ākāsa DhA.III,177). <i>--bandhu</i> “kinsman of the sun”,Ep. of the Buddha Vin.II,296; S.I,186,192; A.II,54; Sn.54,915,1128; Nd<sup>1</sup> 341; Nd<sup>2</sup> 125<sup>b</sup>; Vv 42<sup>5</sup>,78<sup>10</sup>; VvA.116. (Page 99),6,1
  756. 17271,en,15,adika,ādika,Ādika,Ādika,(adj.) [ādi + ka] from the beginning,initial (see adhika); Instr. <i>ādikena</i> in the beginning,at once,at the same time M.I,395,479; II,213; S.II,224; J.VI,567. Cp. <i>ādiya<sup>3</sup></i>. (Page 99),5,1
  757. 17343,en,15,adina,ādina,Ādina,Ādina,only at D.I,115 (T. reading ādīna,but v. l. S id. ādina,B p. abhinna) in phrase ādina-khattiya-kula primordial. See note in Dial. I.148. (Page 99),5,1
  758. 17348,en,15,adina,ādīna,Ādīna,Ādīna,at D.I,115 &#38; S.V,74 (vv. ll. ādina, &#38; abhinna) see ādina. See diṇṇa. (Page 99),5,1
  759. 17364,en,15,adinava,ādīnava,Ādīnava,Ādīnava,[ā + dīna + va (nt.),a substantivised adj.,orig. meaning “full of wretchedness”,cp. BSk. ādīnava M Vastu III,297 (misery); Divy 329] disadvantage,danger (in or through = Loc.) D.I,38 (vedanānaṃ assādañ ca ādīnavañ ca etc.),213 (iddhi-pāṭihāriye M.I,318; S.I,9 (ettha bhīyo); II,170 sq. (dhātūnaṃ); III,27,62,102 (rūpassa etc.); IV,7,168; A.I,57 (akaraṇīye kayiramāne) 258 (ko loke assādo); III,250 sq.; 267 sq. (duccarite),270 (puggala-ppasāde); IV,439 sq.; V,81; J.I,146; IV,2; It.9 = A.II,10 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 172<sup>a</sup>; Sn.36,50 (cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 127),69,424,732; Th.2,17 (kāye ā. = dosa ThA.23),485 (kāmesu ā. = dosa ThA.287); Pv III,10<sup>7</sup> (= dosa PvA.214); IV,6<sup>7</sup> (= dosa PvA.263); Ps.I,192 sq.; II,9,10; PvA.12,208. -- There are several sets of sources of evil or danger,viz. five dussīlassa sīla-vipattiyā ā. at D.II,85 = III,235 = A.III,252; five akkhantiyā ā. at Vbh.378; six of six each at D.III,182 sq. -- In phrase kāmānaṃ ā. okāro saṅkileso D.I,110,148; M.I,115; Nett 42; DhA 16.<br><br> --ânupassin realising the danger or evil of S.II,85 (upā dāniyesu dhammesu) abstr. °ânupassanā Vism.647 sq.,695. --dassāvin same as °ânupassin D.I,245 (an°); A.V,178 (id.); D.III,46; S.II,194,269; A.III,146; V,181 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 141. --pariyesanā search for danger in (-°) S.II,171; III,29; IV,8 sq. --saññā consciousness of danger D.I,7); III,253,283; A.III,79. (Page 99),7,1
  760. 17493,en,15,adinna,adinna,Adinna,Adinna,(pp.) [a + dinna] that which is not given,freq. in phrase <i>adinn’ādāna</i> (BSk. adattādāna Divy 302) seizing or grasping that whieh is not given to one,i. e. stealing,is the 2<sup>nd</sup> of the ten qualifications of bad character or sīla (dasa-sīla see sīla II,). Vin.I,83 (°ā veramaṇī); D.I,4 (= parassa haraṇaṃ theyyaṃ corikā ti vuttaṃ hoti DA.I,71); III,68 sq.,82,92,181 sq.; M.I,361; It.63; Kh II,,cp. KhA 26. -- <i>adinnādāyin</i> he who takes what is not given,a thief; stealing,thieving (cp. BSK. adattādāyika Divy 301,418) Vin.I,85; D.I,138; Sdhp.78. (Page 26),6,1
  761. 17501,en,15,adinna,ādiṇṇa,Ādiṇṇa,Ādiṇṇa,[Sk. ādīrṇa,pp. of ā + <i>dṛ</i>,see ādiyati<sup>2</sup>] broken,split open S.IV,193 (= sipātikā with burst pod); cp. M.I,306. (Page 99),6,1
  762. 17566,en,15,adinnata,ādiṇṇata,Ādiṇṇata,Ādiṇṇata,(nt.) [abstr. fr. ādiṇṇa] state of being broken or split Ps.I,49. (Page 99),8,1
  763. 17587,en,15,adipaniya,ādīpanīya,Ādīpanīya,Ādīpanīya,(adj.) [grd. of ā + dīpeti] to be explained Miln.270. (Page 99),9,1
  764. 17615,en,15,adipita,ādīpita,Ādīpita,Ādīpita,[pp. of ādīpeti,ā + caus. of dīp,cp. dīpeti] ablaze,in flames S.I,31 (loka; v. l. ādittaka) 108; J.V,366; DhA.III,32 (v. l. āditta). (Page 99),7,1
  765. 17667,en,15,adisati,ādisati,Ādisati,Ādisati,[ā + disati] (a) to announce,tell,point out,refer to. -- (b) to dedicate (a gift,dakkhiṇaṃ or dānaṃ). ‹-› pres. ind. ādisati D.I,213 = A.I,170 (tell or read one’s character); Sn.1112 (atītaṃ); Nd<sup>1</sup> 382 (nakkhattaṃ set the horoscope); Miln.294 (dānaṃ); pot. ādiseyya Th.2,307 (dakkhiṇaṃ); Pv IV.1<sup>30</sup> (id. = uddiseyya PvA.228), &#38; ādise Vin.I,229 = D.II,88 (dakkhiṇaṃ); imper. ādisa PvA.49. -- fut. ādissati Th.2,308 (dakkhiṇaṃ) PvA.88 (id.). -- aor. ādisi Pv.II,2<sup>8</sup>; PvA.46 (dakkhiṇaṃ); pl. ādisiṃsu ibid. 53 (id.) &#38; ādisuṃ Pv.I,10<sup>6</sup> (id.). -- ger. ādissa Vin.III,127; Sn.1018; Pv.II,1<sup>6</sup> (dānaṃ), &#38; ādisitvāna Th.2,311. -- grd. ādissa (adj.) to be told or shown M.I,12. (Page 99),7,1
  766. 17681,en,15,adiso,ādiso,Ādiso,Ādiso,(adv.) [orig. Abl. of ādi,formed with °saḥ] from the beginning,i. e. thoroughly,absolutely D.I,180; M.III,208. (Page 99),5,1
  767. 17688,en,15,adissa,ādissa,Ādissa,Ādissa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) blameworthy M.I,12; MA =garāyha. (Page 99),6,1
  768. 17689,en,15,adissa,ādissa,Ādissa,Ādissa,<sup>1</sup> at M.III,133 is an imper. pres. meaning “take”, &#38; should probably better be read ādiya (in corresponsion with ādāna). It is not grd. of ādisati,which its form might suggest. (Page 99),6,1
  769. 17750,en,15,aditta,āditta,Āditta,Āditta,[ā + ditta<sup>1</sup>,Sk. ādīpta,pp. of ā + <i>dīp</i>] set on fire,blazing,burning Vin.I,34; Kv 209 (sabbaṃ ādittaṃ); S.III,71; IV,19,108; A.IV,320 (°cela); Sn.591; J.IV,391; Pv.I,8<sup>5</sup> (= paditta jalita PvA.41); Kvu 209; DA.I,264; PvA.149; Sdhp.599.<br><br> <i>--pariyāya</i> the discourse or sermon on the fire (lit. being in fllames) S.IV,168 sq.; Vin.I,34; DhA.I,88. (Page 99),6,1
  770. 17830,en,15,adittha,adiṭṭhā,Adiṭṭhā,Adiṭṭhā,[a + diṭṭhā,ger. of *dassati] not seeing,without seeing J.IV,192 (T. adaṭṭhā,v. l. BB na diṭṭhā,C. adisvā); V,219. (Page 26),7,1
  771. 17895,en,15,adiya,ādiya,Ādiya,Ādiya,<sup>4</sup> ger. of ādiyati. (Page 99),5,1
  772. 17896,en,15,adiya,ādiya,Ādiya,Ādiya,<sup>3</sup> = ādika,Instr. ādiyena in the beginning J.VI,567 (= ādikena C.). (Page 99),5,1
  773. 17897,en,15,adiya,ādiya,Ādiya,Ādiya,<sup>2</sup> in <i>°mukha</i> is uncertain reading at A.III,164 sq. (vv. ll. ādeyya° &#38; ādheyya),meaning perhaps “graspmouth”,i. e. gossip; thus equal to ger. of ādiyati<sup>1</sup>. Perhaps to be taken to ādiyati<sup>2</sup>. The same phrase occurs at Pug.65 (T. ādheyya°,C. has v. l. ādheyya°) where Pug.A 248 expl<sup>ns.</sup> “ādito dheyyamukho,paṭhama-vacanasmiṃ yeva ṭhapita-mukho ti attho” (sticking to one’s word?). See ādheyya. (Page 99),5,1
  774. 17898,en,15,adiya,ādiya,Ādiya,Ādiya,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) grd. of admi,<em>ad</em>,Sk. ādya] edible,eatable A.III,45 (bhojanāni). (Page 99),5,1
  775. 17918,en,15,adiyanata,ādiyanatā,Ādiyanatā,Ādiyanatā,(f.) [abstr. formation ādiyana (fr. ādiya ger. of ādiyati) + ta] in an° the fact of not taking up or heeding SnA 516. (Page 99),9,1
  776. 17934,en,15,adiyati,ādiyati,Ādiyati,Ādiyati,<sup>2</sup> [ā + diyati,Sk. ādīryate,Pass. of dṛ to split:see etym. under darī] to split,go asunder,break Ps.I,49. ‹-› pp. ādiṇṇa. See also avadīyati. Cp. also upādiṇṇa. (Page 99),7,1
  777. 17935,en,15,adiyati,ādiyati,Ādiyati,Ādiyati,<sup>1</sup> [ā + diyati,med. pass. base of dadāti<sup>4</sup>,viz. di° &#38; dī°; see also ādāti &#38; ādeti] to take up; take to oneself,seize on,grasp,appropriate,fig. take notice of,take to heart,heed. -- pres. ādiyati A IIJ.46; Sn.119,156,633,785,Nd<sup>1</sup> 67; Nd<sup>2</sup> 123,124; J.III,296:V.367. -- pot. ādiye Sn.400; imper. ādiya M.III,133 (so read for ādissa?). -- aor. ādiyi D.III,65; A.III,209,ādiyāsi Pv IV.1<sup>48</sup> (sayaṃ daṇḍaṃ ā. = acchinditvā gaṇhasi PvA.241), &#38; ādapayi (Caus. formation fr. ādāti?) to take heed S.I,132 (v. l. ādiyi,trsl. “put this into thy mind”). -- ger. ādiyitvā Vin.IV,120 (= ādā); J.II,224 (C. for ādiya T.); III,104; IV,352 (an° not heeding; v. l. anāditvā,cp. anādiyanto not attending J.III,196); DhA.III,32 (id.); PvA.13 (T. anādayitva not heeding),212 (vacanaṃ anādiyitvā not paying attention to his word),ādiya S.III,26 (v. l. an° for anādīya); J.II,223 (= ādiyitvā C.); see also ādiya<sup>2</sup>, &#38; ādīya S.III,26 (an°). See also upādiyati &#38; pariyādiyati. (Page 99),7,1
  778. 18005,en,15,adrubhaka,adrūbhaka,Adrūbhaka,Adrūbhaka,see <i>dubbha</i>. (Page 27),9,1
  779. 18013,en,15,adu,adu,Adu,Adu,(or <i>ādu</i>) (indecl.) [perhaps identical with aduṃ,nt. of pron. asu] part. of affirmation:even,yea,nay; always in emphatic exclamations Vv 62<sup>2</sup> (= udāhu VvA.258; v. l. SS. ādu) = Pv IV.3<sup>17</sup> (ādu) = DhA.I,31 (T. ādu,v. l. adu); Vv 63<sup>1</sup> (v. l. ādu); J.V,330 (T. ādu,C. adu; expl<sup>d.</sup> on p. 331 fantastically as aduñ ca aduñ ca kammaṃ karohī ti). See also <i>ādu</i>. (Page 26),3,1
  780. 18023,en,15,adu,ādu,Ādu,Ādu,(indecl.) [see also adu] emphatic (adversative) part. (1) of affirmation &#38; emphasis:but,indeed,rather J.III,499 = VI,443; V,180; VI,552. -- (2) as 2<sup>nd</sup> component of a disjunctive question,mostly in corresponsion udāhu . . . ādu (= kiṃ . . . udāhu SnA 350),viz. is it so . . . or” Th.1,1274 = Sn.354; Pv IV.3<sup>17</sup> = DhA.I,31; J.V,384; VI,382; without udāhu at J.V,460 (adu). The close connection with udāhu suggests an expl<sup>n.</sup> of ādu as a somehow distorted abbreviation of udāhu. (Page 99),3,1
  781. 18105,en,15,adum,aduṃ,Aduṃ,Aduṃ,nt. of pron. <i>asu</i>. (Page 26),4,1
  782. 18129,en,15,adusaka,adūsaka,Adūsaka,Adūsaka,(adj.) [a + dūsaka] innocent J.V,143 (= nirapa‹-› <i>rādha</i> C.); VI,84,552. f. <i>adūsikā</i> Sn.312. (Page 26),7,1
  783. 18140,en,15,adusiya,adūsiya,Adūsiya,Adūsiya,= adūsaka J.V,220 (= anaparādha C.). (Page 26),7,1
  784. 18223,en,15,advejjhata,advejjhatā,Advejjhatā,Advejjhatā,see <i>dvejjhatā</i>. (Page 27),10,1
  785. 18293,en,15,agacchati,āgacchati,Āgacchati,Āgacchati,[ā + gacchati,<em>gam</em>] to come to or towards,approach,go back,arive etc.<br><br> I. Forms (same arrangement as under gacchati):(1) √<em>gacch</em>:pres. āgacchati D.I,161; J.II,153; Pv IV.1<sup>51</sup>; fut. āgacchissati J.III,53; aor. āgacchi Pv.II,13<sup>3</sup>; PvA.64. -- (2) √<em>gam</em>:aor. āgamāsi PvA.81,āgamā D.I,108; J.III,128,and pl. āgamiṃsu J.I,118; fut. āgamissati VvA.3; PvA.122; ger. āgamma (q. v.) &#38; āgantvā J.I,151; Miln.14; Caus. āgameti (q. v.). -- (3) √<i>gā</i>:aor. āgā Sn.841; Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup> (= āgacchi PvA.64). -- pp. <i>āgata</i> (q. v.).<br><br> II. Mcanings:(1) to come to,approach,arrive D.I,108; Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup>; II,13<sup>3</sup>; Miln.14; to return,to come back (cp. āgata) PvA.81,122. -- (2) to come into,to result,deserve (cp. āgama<sup>2</sup>) D.I,161 (gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ deserve blame,come to be blamed); Pv IV.1<sup>51</sup> (get to,be a profit to = upakappati PvA.241). -- (3) to come by,to come out to (be understood as),to refer or be referred to,to be meant or understood (cp. āgata 3 &#38; āgama 3) J.I,118 (tīṇi piṭakāni āgamiṃsu); SnA 321; VvA.3. See also <i>āgamma</i>. (Page 94),9,1
  786. 18339,en,15,agada,agada,Agada,Agada,[Vedic agada; a + gada] medicine,drug,counterpoison J.I,80 (<i>°harīṭaka</i>); Miln.121,302,319,334; DA.I,67; DhA.I,215; PvA.198 (= <i>osadhaṃ</i>). (Page 3),5,1
  787. 18346,en,15,agada,āgada,Āgada,Āgada,(m.) &#38; <i>Āgadana</i> (nt.) [ā + <em>gad</em> to speak] a word; talk,speech DA.I,66 (= vacana). (Page 95),5,1
  788. 18432,en,15,agalha,āgāḷha,Āgāḷha,Āgāḷha,(adj.) (ā + gāḷha 1; cp. Sk. samāgāḍhaṃ] strong,hard,harsh,rough (of speech),usually in Instr. as adv. <i>āgāḷhena</i> roughly,harshly a I.283,295; Pug.32 (so to be read for agāḷhena,although Pug.A 215 has a°,but expl<sup>s.</sup> by atigāḷhena vacanena); Instr. f. <i>āgāḷhāya</i> Vin v. 122 (ceteyya; Bdhgh. on p. 230 reads āgaḷāya and expl<sup>s.</sup> by daḷhabhāvāya). See also Nett 77 (āgāḷhā paṭipadā a rough path),95 (id.; v. l. agāḷhā). (Page 95),6,1
  789. 18450,en,15,agalu,agalu,Agalu,Agalu,[cp. Sk. aguru,which is believed to appear in Hebr. ahālīm (aloe),also in Gr. a)lόh &#38; a)gaλloxon] fragrant aloe wood,Agallochum Vv 53<sup>7</sup> (<i>aggalu</i> = VvA.237 <i>agalugandha</i>); VvA.158 (+ <i>candana</i>). Cp. also Av. Ś I.24,and <i>akalu</i>. (Page 3),5,1
  790. 18474,en,15,agama,āgama,Āgama,Āgama,[fr. ā + <em>gam</em>] -- 1. coming,approach,result,D.I,53 (āgamanaṃ pavattatī ti DA.I,160; cp. Sdhp.249 dukkh°). -- 2. that which one goes by,resource,reference,source of reference,text,Scripture,Canon; thus a designation of(?) the Pātimokkha,Vin.II,95 = 249,or of the Four Nikāyas,DA.I,1,2 (dīgh°). A def. at Vism.442 runs “antamaso opamma-vagga-mattassa pi buddhavacanassa pariyāpuṇaṇaṃ”. See also āgata 2,for phrase <i>āgat</i>’<i>āgama</i>,handed down in the Canon,Vin Loc. cit. Svāgamo,versed in the doctrine,Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup> (sv° = suṭṭhu āgat’āgamo,PvA.230); Miln.215. BSk. in same use and meaning,e. g. Divy 17,333,āgamāni = the Four Nikāyas. -- 3. rule,practice,discipline,obedience,Sn.834 (āgamā parivitakkaṃ),cp. Davs.V,22 (takk°,discipline of right thought) Sdhp.224 (āgamato,in obedience to). ‹-› 4. meaning,understanding,KhA 107 (vaṇṇ°). -- 5. repayment (of a debt) J. VI,245. -- 6. as gram. tt. “augment”,a consonant or syllable added or inserted SnA 23 (sa-kār’āgama). (Page 95),5,1
  791. 18525,en,15,agamana,āgamana,Āgamana,Āgamana,(nt.) [fr. āgacchati,Sk. same] oncoming,arrival,approach A.III,172; DA.I,160; PvA.4,81; Sdhp.224,356. <i>an°</i> not coming or returning J.I,203,264. (Page 95),7,1
  792. 18756,en,15,agameti,āgameti,Āgameti,Āgameti,[caus of agacchati] to cause somebody or something to come to one,i. e. (1) to wait,to stay Vin.II,166,182,212; D.I,112,113; S.IV,291; PvA.4,55. ‹-› (2) to wait for,to welcome Vin.II,128 (ppr. āgamayamāna); M.I,161 (id.) J.I,69 (id. + kālaṃ). (Page 95),7,1
  793. 18797,en,15,agamin,āgāmin,Āgāmin,Āgāmin,(adj. n.) [ā + gāmin] returning,one who returns,esp. one who returns to another form of life in saṃsāra (cp. āgati),one who is liable to rebirth A.I,63; II,159; It.95. See <i>anāgāmin</i>. (Page 95),6,1
  794. 18811,en,15,agamita,āgāmitā,Āgāmitā,Āgāmitā,found only in neg. form <i>anāgāmitā</i>. (Page 95),7,1
  795. 18820,en,15,agamma,āgamma,Āgamma,Āgamma,(adv.) [orig. ger. of āgacchati,q. v. under I.2 for form &#38; under II.3 for meaning. BSk. āgamya in meaning after the Pāli form,e. g. Divy 95,405 (with Gen.); Av. Ś I.85,210 etc.; M Vastu I.243,313]. With reference to (c. Acc.),owing to,relating to; by means of,thanks to. In meaning nearly synonymous with ārabbha,sandhāya &#38; paṭicca (see K. S. 318 s. v.) D.I,229; It.71; J.I,50; VI,424; Kh VIII,14 (= nissāya KhA 229); PvA.5,21 etc. (Page 95),6,1
  796. 18896,en,15,agantar,āgantar,Āgantar,Āgantar,[N. ag. fr. āgacchati] one who is coming or going to come A.I,63; II,159; It.4,95 (Nom. āgantā only one MS,all others āgantvā). <i>an°</i> A.I,64; II,160. (Page 95),7,1
  797. 18910,en,15,agantu,āgantu,Āgantu,Āgantu,(adj.) [Sk. āgantu] -- 1. occasional,incidental J.VI,358. -- 2. an occasional arrival,a new comer,stranger J.VI,529 (= āgantuka-jana C.); ThA.16. (Page 95),6,1
  798. 18921,en,15,agantuka,āgantuka,Āgantuka,Āgantuka,(adj.-n.) [āgantu + ka; cp. BSk. āgantuka in same meaning as P. viz. āgantukā bhikṣavaḥ Av. Ś I.87,286; Divy 50] -- 1. coming,arriving,new comer,guest,stranger,esp. a newly arrived bhikkhu; a visitor (opp. gamika one who goes away) Vin.I,132,167; II,170; III,65,181; IV,24,A.I,10; III,41,366; J.VI,333; Ud.25; DhA.II,54,74; VvA.24; PvA.54. -- 2. adventitions,incidental (= āgantu<sup>1</sup>) Miln.304 (of megha &#38; roga). ‹-› 3. accessory,superimposed,added Vism.195.<br><br> <i>--bhatta</i> food given to a guest,meal for a visitor Vin.I,292 (opp. gamika°); II,16. (Page 95),8,1
  799. 19013,en,15,agara,agāra,Agāra,Agāra,(nt.) [cp. Sk. agāra,probably with the a- of communion; Gr. a]gei(rw to collect,a)gorά market. Cp. in meaning &#38; etym. gaha<sup>1</sup>]. -- 1. house or hut,usually implying the comforts of living at home as opp. to <i>anagāra</i> homelessness or the state of a homeless wanderer (mendicant). See <i>anagāriyā</i>. -- Thus freq. in two phrases contrasting the state of a householder (or layman,cp. <i>gihin</i>),with that of a religious wanderer <i>(pabbajita)</i>,viz. (a.) <i>kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati</i> “to shave off hair &#38; beard,put on the yellow robes,and wander forth out of the home into the homeless state” D.I,60 etc.; cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 172<SUP>II</SUP>. See also S.I,185 (<i>agārasmā anagāriyaṃ nikkhanta</i>); M.II,55 <i>(agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā);</i> Sn.274,805 <i>(°ṃ āvasati)</i>,and with <i>pabbajita</i> D.I,89,115,202,230; Pv.II,13<sup>17</sup>. -- (b.) of a “rājā cakkavattin” compared with a “sambuddha”:<i>sace agāraṃ āvasati vijeyya paṭhaviṃ imaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> sace ca so pabbajati agārā anagāriyaṃ vivaṭacchado sambuddho arahā bhavissati</i> “he will become the greatest king when he stays at home,but the greatest saint when he takes up the homeless life”,the prophesy made for the infant Gotama D.II,16; Sn.1002,1003. -- Further passages for <i>agāra</i> e. g. Vin.I,15; D.I,102 (BB. has v. l. <i>agyâgāra</i>,but DA.I,270 expl. as <i>dānâgāra</i>); A.I,156,281; II,52 sq.; Dh.14,140; J.I,51,56; III,392; Dpvs. I.36. -- 2. <i>anagāra</i> (adj.) houseless,homeless; a mendicant (opp. <i>gahaṭṭha</i>) Sn.628 = Dh.404; Sn.639,640 (+ <i>paribbaje</i>); Pv.II,2<sup>5</sup> (= <i>anāvāsa</i> PvA.80). -- (nt.) the homeless state (= <i>anagāriyā</i>) Sn.376. See also <i>agga<sup>2</sup></i>. -- 3. <i>°āgāra:</i> Owing to freq. occurrence of <i>agāra</i> at the end of cpds. of which the first word ends in <i>a</i>,we have a dozen quite familiar words ending apparently in <i>āgāra</i>. This form has been considered therefore as a proper doublet of <i>agāra</i>. This however is wrong. The long <i>ā</i> is simply a contraction of the short <i>a</i> at the end of the first part of the cpd. with the short <i>a</i> at the beginning of <i>agāra</i>. Of the cpds. the most common are:-- <i>āgantuk°</i> reception hall for strangers or guests S.IV,219; V,21. -- <i>itth°</i> lady’s bower S.I,58,89. -- <i>kūṭ°</i> a house with a peaked roof,or with gables S.II,103. 263; III,156; IV,186; V,43; A.I,230; III,10,364; IV,231; V,21. <i>--koṭṭh°</i> storehouse,granary D.I,134 (cp. DA.I,295); S.I,89. <i>--tiṇ°</i> a house covered with grass S.IV,185; A.I,101. <i>--bhus°</i> threshing shed,barn A.I,241. <i>--santh°</i> a council hall D.I,91; II,147; S.IV,182; V,453; A.II,207; IV,179 sq. <i>--suññ°</i> an uninhabited shed; solitude S.V,89,157,310 sq.,329 sq.; A.I,241 (v. l. for bhusâgāra); III,353; IV,139,392,437; V,88,109,323 sq. (Page 3),5,1
  800. 19020,en,15,agara,āgāra,Āgāra,Āgāra,(-°) see <i>agāra</i>. (Page 95),5,1
  801. 19040,en,15,agaraka,agāraka,Agāraka,Agāraka,(nt.) [fr. agāra] a small house,a cottage M.I,450; J.VI,81. (Page 3),7,1
  802. 19046,en,15,agaraka,āgāraka,Āgāraka,Āgāraka, &#38; °ika (adj.-n.) (-°) [cp. BSk. āgārika Divy 275, &#38; agārika] belonging to the house,viz. (1) having control over the house,keeping,surveying,in cpds. <i>koṭṭh°</i> possessor or keeper of a storehouse Vin.I,209; <i>bandhan°</i> prison-keeper A.II,207; <i>bhaṇḍ°</i> keeper of wares,treasurer PvA.2 (see also bhaṇḍ°). -- (2) being in the house,sharing (the house),companion S.III,190 (paṃsv° playmate). (Page 95),7,1
  803. 19083,en,15,agarika,agārika,Agārika,Agārika,(adj.) 1. having a house,in <i>eka°</i>,<i> dva°</i> etc. D.I,166 = A.I,295 = II,206. -- 2. a householder,layman Vin.I,17. f. <i>agārikā</i> a housewife Vin.I,272. See also <i>āgārika</i>. (Page 3),7,1
  804. 19119,en,15,agarin,agārin,Agārin,Agārin,(adj.) [fr. agāra] one who has or inhabits a house,a householder Sn.376,Th.I,1009; J.III,234. -- f. <i>agārinī</i> a housewife Vv 52<sup>7</sup> (= <i>gehassāmmī</i> VvA.225); Pv III,4<sup>3</sup> (id. PvA.194). (Page 3),6,1
  805. 19122,en,15,agariya,agāriya,Agāriya,Agāriya,= agārika,a layman M.I,504 (°bhūta). -- Usually in neg. <i>anagāriyā</i> (f.) the homeless state (= <i>anagāraṃ</i>) as opp. to <i>agāra</i> (q. v.) in formula <i>agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajita</i> (gone out from the house into the homeless state) Vin.I,15; M.I,16; II,55,75; A.I,49; D.III,30 sq.,145 sq.; Sn.274,1003; Pv.II,13<sup>16</sup>; DA.I,112. (Page 3),7,1
  806. 19159,en,15,agaru,agaru,Agaru,Agaru,(adj.) [cp. Sk. aguru,a + garu] (a) not heavy,not troublesome,only in phrase:<i>sace te agaru</i> “if it does not inconvenience you,if you don’t mind” (cp. BSk. yadi te aguru. Av. S.I,94,229; II,90) Vin. I.25; IV,17,D.I,51; DhA.I,39. -- (b) disrespectful,irreverent (against = Gen.) D.I,89; Sn.p. 51. (Page 3),5,1
  807. 19193,en,15,agata,āgata,Āgata,Āgata,[pp. of āgacchati] (1) come,arrived Miln.18 (°kāraṇa the reason of his coming); VvA.78 (°ṭṭhāna); PvA.81 (kiṃ āgat’attha why have you come here) come by,got attained (°-) A.II,110 = Pug.48 (°visa); Mhvs XIV. 28 (°phala = anāgānuphala) <i>--āgat</i>’<i>āgatā</i> (pl.) people coming &#38; going,passers by,all comers PvA.39,78,129; VvA.190 (Ep. of saṅgha). <i>--sv</i>’<i>āgata</i> “wel-come”,greeted,hailed; nt. welcome,hail Th.2,337; Pv IV.3<sup>15</sup>,opp. <i>durāgata</i> not liked,unwelcome,A.II,117,143,153; III,163; Th.2,337. -- (2) come down,handed down (by memory,said of texts) D.I,88; DhA.II,35; KhA 229; VvA.30; āgatāgamo,one to whom the āgama,or the āgamas,have been handed down,Vin.I,127,337; II 8; IV,158; A.II,147; Miln.19,21. -- (3) <i>anāgata</i> not come yet,i. e. future; usually in comb<sup>n.</sup> with atīta (past) &#38; paccuppanna (present):see <i>atīta</i> and <i>anāgata</i>. (Page 94),5,1
  808. 19379,en,15,agati,agati,Agati,Agati,see <i>gati</i>.<i> --°gamana</i> practising a wrong course of life,evil practice,wrong doing D.III,228 (4:<i>chanda°</i>,<i> dosa° moha° bhaya°</i>); A.II,18 sq.,J.IV,402; V,98,510; PvA.161. (Page 3),5,1
  809. 19389,en,15,agati,āgati,Āgati,Āgati,(f.) [ā + gati] coming,coming back,return S.III,53; J.II,172. Usually opp. to <i>gati</i> going away. Used in spe‹-› cial sense of rebirth and re-death in the course of saṃsāra. Thus in āgati gati cuti upapatti D.I,162; A.III,54 sq.,60 sq.,74; cp. also S.II,67; Pv.II,9<sup>22</sup> (gatiṃ āgatiṃ vā). (Page 94),5,1
  810. 19446,en,15,agga,agga,Agga,Agga,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) (only --°) [a contracted form of agāra] a (small) house,housing,accomodation; shelter,hut; hall. <i>dān°</i> a house of donation,i. e. a public or private house where alms are given J.III,470; IV,379,403; VI,487; PvA.121; Miln.2. <i>salāk°</i> a hut where food is distributed to the bhikkhus by tickets,a food office J.I,123,VvA.75. (Page 4),4,1
  811. 19447,en,15,agga,agga,Agga,Agga,<sup>1</sup> (adj. n.) [Vedic agra; cp. Av. agrō first; Lith. agrs early] 1. (adj;) (a.) of time:the first,foremost Dpvs.IV,13 (<i>saṅgahaṃ</i> first collection). See cpds. -- (b.) of space:the highest,topmost,J.I,52 <i>(°sākhā)</i>. -- (c.) of quality:illustricus,excellent,the best,highest,chief Vin.IV,232 <i>(agga-m-agga)</i> most excellent,D.II,4:S.I,29 <i>(a</i>.<i> sattassa Sambuddha);</i> A.II,17 = Pv IV.3<sup>47</sup> (lokassa Buddho aggo [A:aggaṃ] pavuccati); It.88,89; Sn.875 (suddhi); PvA.5. Often comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>seṭṭha</i> (best),e. g. D.II,15; S.III,83,264. -- 2. (nt.) top,point. (a.) lit.:the top or tip (nearly always --°); as <i>ār°</i> point of an awl Sn.625,631; Dh.401; <i>kus°</i> tip of a blade of grass Dh.70; Sdhp.349; <i>tiṇ°</i> id PvA.241; <i>dum°</i> top of a tree J.II,155; <i>dhaj°</i> of a banner S.I,219; <i>pabbat°</i> of a mountain Sdhp.352; <i>sākh°</i> of a branch PvA.157; etc. -- (b.) fig. the best part,the ideal,excellence,prominence,first place,often to be trsl. as adj. the highest,best of all etc. S.II,29 (aggena aggassa patti hoti:only the best attain to the highest); Mhvs 7,26. Usually as --°; e. g. <i>dum°</i> the best of trees,an excellent tree Vv 35<sup>41</sup> (cp. VvA.161); <i>dhan°</i> plenty D.III,164; <i>madhur°</i> S.I,41,161,237; <i>bhav°</i> the best existence S.III,83; <i>rūp°</i> extraordinary beauty J.I,291; <i>lābh°</i> highest gain J.III,127; <i>sambodhi-y-agga</i> highest wisdom Sn.693 (= sabbaññuta-ñāṇan SnA 489; the best part or quality of anything,in enum<sup>n</sup> of the five “excellencies” of first-fruits (<i>panca aggāni</i>,after which the N. Pañcaggadāyaka),viz. khettaggan rās° koṭṭh° kumbhi° bhojan° SnA 270. <i>sukh°</i> perfect bliss Sdhp.243. Thus freq. in phrase <i>aggaṃ akkhāyati</i> to deserve or receive the highest praise,to be the most excellent D.I,124; S.III,156,264; A.II,17 (Tathāgato); It.87 (id.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 517 D (appamādo); Miln.183. -- 3. Cases as adv.:<i>aggena</i> (Instr.) in the beginning,beginning from,from (as prep.),by (id.) Vin.II,167. (aggena gaṇhāti to take from,to subtract,to find the difference; Kern Toev. s. v. unnecessarily changes aggena into agghena),257 (yadaggena at the moment when or from,foll. by tad eva “then”; cp. agge),294 (bhikkh° from alms); Vbh.423 (vass° by the number of years). <i>aggato</i> (Abl.) in the beginning Sn.217 (+ majjhato,sesato). aggato kata taken by its worth,valued,esteemed Th.2,386,394. <i>agge</i> (loc) 1. at the top A.II,201 (opp. mūle at the root); J.IV,156 (id.); Sn.233 (phusit° with flowers at the top:supupphitaggasākhā KhA 192); J.II,153 (ukkh°); III,126 (kūp°). -- 2 (as prep.) from. After,since,usually in phrases yad° (foll. by tad°) from what time,since what date D.I,152; II,206; &#38; ajja-t-agge from this day,after <i>today</i> D.I,85; M.I,528; A.V,300; Sn.p. 25 (cp. BSk. adyāgrena Av. Ś II.13); at the end:bhattagge after a meal Vin.II,212.<br><br> <i>--aṅgulī</i> the main finger,i. e. index finger J.VI,404. <i>--āsana</i> main seat DA.I,267. <i>--upaṭṭhāka</i> chief personal attendant D.II,6. <i>--kārikā</i> first taste,sample Vin.III,80. <i>--kulika</i> of an esteemed clan Pv III,5<sup>5</sup> (= seṭṭh° PvA.199). <i>--ñña</i> recognized as primitive primeval,D.III,225 (porāṇa +),A.II,27 sq.; IV,246,Kvu 341. <i>--danta</i> one who is most excellently self-restrained (of the Buddha) Th.I,354. <i>--dāna</i> a splendid gift Vin.III,39. <i>--dvāra</i> main door J.I,114. <i>--nakha</i> tip of the nail Vin.IV,221. <i>--nagara</i> the first or most splendid of cities Vin.I,229. <i>--nikkhitta</i> highly praised or famed Miln.343. <i>--nikkhittaka</i> an original depository of the Faith Dpvs.IV,5. <i>--pakatimant</i> of the highest character J.V,351 (= aggasabhāva). <i>--patta</i> having attained perfection D.III,48 sq. <i>--pasāda</i> the highest grace A.II,34; It.87. <i>--piṇḍa</i> the best oblation or alms.I,141; M.I,28; II,204. <i>--piṇḍika</i> receiving the best oblations J.VI,140. <i>--puggala</i> the best of men (of the Buddha) Sn.684; DhA.II,39; Sdhp. 92,558. <i>--purohita</i> chief or prime minister J.VI,391. <i>--phala</i> the highest or supreme fruit (i. e. Arahantship) J.I,148; Pv.IV,1<sup>88</sup>; PvA.230. <i>--bīja</i> having eggs from above (opp. mūla°),i. e. propagated by slips or cuttings D.I,5; DA.I,81. <i>--magga</i> (adj.) having reached the top of the path,i. e. Arahantship ThA.20. <i>--mahesi</i> the king’s chief wife,queen-consort J.I,262; III,187,393; V,88; DhA.I,199; PvA.76. <i>--rājā</i> the chief king J.VI,391; Miln.27. <i>--vara</i> most meritorious,best Dpvs VI,68. <i>--vāda</i> the original doctrine (= theravāda) Dpvs.IV,13. <i>--vādin</i> one who proclaims the highest good (of the Buddha) Th.1,1142. (Page 4),4,1
  812. 19656,en,15,aggala,aggaḷa,Aggaḷa,Aggaḷa, &#38; Aggaḷā (f.) (also occasionally with l.) [cp. Sk. argala &#38; argalā to <i>*areg</i> to protect,ward off,secure etc.,as in Ags. reced house; <i>*aleg</i> in Sk. rakṣati to protect,Gr. a]lέcw id.,Ags. ealh temple. Cp. also <i>*areq</i> in Gr. a]rkέw = Lat. arceo,Orcus,Ohg rigil bolt.] a contrivance to fasten anything for security or obstruction:1. a bolt or cross-bar Vin.I,290; D.I,89 (<i>°ṃ ākoteṭi</i> to knock upon the cross-bar; a. = kavāṭa DA.I,252); A.IV,359 (id.); S.IV,290; A.I,101 = 137 = IV,231. <i>(phusit°</i> with fastened bolts,securely shut Th.1,385 (id.); Vin.IV,47; J. V.293 (<i>°ṃ uppīḷeti</i> to lift up the cross-bar. -- 2. a strip of cloth for strengthening a dress etc.,a gusset Vin.I,290 (+ tunna),392 (Bdhgh on MV VIII,21,1); J.I,8 (+ tunna) VI,71 (<i>°ṃ datvā</i>); Vin.IV,121.<br><br> <i>--dāna</i> putting in a gusset J.I,8. <i>--phalaka</i> the post or board,in which the cross-bar is fixed (cp. °vaṭṭi) M.III,95. <i>--vaṭṭi</i> = °phalaka Vin.II,120,148. <i>--sūci</i> bolting pin M.I,126. (Page 4),6,1
  813. 19718,en,15,aggalu,aggalu,Aggalu,Aggalu,see agalu. (Page 4),6,1
  814. 19972,en,15,aggata,aggatā,Aggatā,Aggatā,(f.) [abstr. of agga] pre-eminence,prominence,superiority Kvu 556 (°ṃ gata); Dpvs .IV,1 (guṇaggataṃ gatā). -- (adj.) <i>mahaggata</i> of great value or superiority D.I,80; III,224. (Page 4),6,1
  815. 19982,en,15,aggatta,aggatta,Aggatta,Aggatta,(nt.) [abstr. of agga = Sk. agratvan] the state or condition of being the first,pre-eminence PvA.9,89. (Page 4),7,1
  816. 20006,en,15,aggavant,aggavant,Aggavant,Aggavant,(adj.) occupying the first place,of great eminence A.I,70,243. (Page 4),8,1
  817. 20042,en,15,aggha,aggha,Aggha,Aggha,[see agghati] 1. price,value,worth,Miln.244; Mhvs 26,22; 30,76; VvA.77. -- <i>mahaggha</i> (adj.) of great value J.IV,138; V,414; VI,209; Pv.II,1<sup>18</sup>. See also mahâraha. <i>appaggha</i> (adj.) of little value J. IV,139; V,414. -- <i>anaggha</i> (nt.) pricelessness,J.V,484; cattari anagghāni the four priceless things,viz. setacchatta,nisīdanapallaṅka,ādhāraka,pādapīṭhikā DhA.III,120,186. (adj.) priceless,invaluable J.V,414; Mhvs 26,25; DhA.IV,216. -- <i>agghena</i> (Instr.) for the price of Vin.II,52,cp. Bdhgh on p. 311,312. -- 2. an oblation made to a guest D.II,240; J.IV,396 = 476.<br><br> <i>--kāraka</i> a valuator J.I,124. <i>--pada</i> valuableness J.V,473 (°lakkhaṇaṃ nāma mantaṃ). (Page 5),5,1
  818. 20057,en,15,agghaka,agghaka,Agghaka,Agghaka,(adj.) = aggha; worth,having the value of (-°) Mhvs 30,77. <i>an°</i> priceless Mhvs 30,72. (Page 5),7,1
  819. 20068,en,15,agghanaka,agghanaka,Agghanaka,Agghanaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr. *agghana,abstr. to agghati] having the value of,equal to,worth Vin.IV,226; J.I,61 (satasahass°),112; DA.I,80 (kahāpaṇ°); DhA.III,120 (cuddasakoṭi°); Mhvs 26,22; 34,87. -- f. <i>°ikā</i> J.I,178 (satasahass°). (Page 5),9,1
  820. 20080,en,15,agghaniya,agghaniya,Agghaniya,Agghaniya,(adj.) [in function &#38; form grd. of agghati] priceless,invaluable,beyond the reach of money Miln.192. (Page 5),9,1
  821. 20090,en,15,agghapanaka,agghāpanaka,Agghāpanaka,Agghāpanaka,[fr. agghāpana to agghāpeti,Caus. of agghati] a valuator,appraiser J.I,124,125; V,276 (°ika). (Page 5),11,1
  822. 20106,en,15,agghapaniya,agghāpaniya,Agghāpaniya,Agghāpaniya,(adj.) [grd. of agghāpeti,see agghati] that which is to be valued,in <i>°kamma</i> the business of a valuator J.IV,137. (Page 5),11,1
  823. 20137,en,15,agghati,agghati,Agghati,Agghati,(intr.) [Sk. arghati,<em>argh</em><i> = </i><em>arh</em> (see arhati),cp. Gr. a]lfή reward,a]lfάnw to deserve] to be worth,to have the value of (Acc.),to deserve J.I,112 (satasahassaṃ; aḍḍhamāsakaṃ); VI,174,367 (padarajaṃ); DhA.III,35 (maṇin nâgghāma); Mhvs 32,28. Freq. in stock phrase <i>kalaṃ nâgghati (nâgghanti) soḷasiṃ</i> not to be worth the 16<sup>th</sup> part of (cp. kalā) Vin.II,156; S.I,233; Dh.70; Vv 20<sup>7</sup> (= nânubhoti VvA.104),43<sup>7</sup>; J.V,284. -- Caus. <i>agghāpeti</i> to value,to appraise,to have a price put on (Acc.) J.I,124; IV,137,278; Miln.192; Mhvs 27,23. Cp. agghāpanaka &#38; agghāpaniya. (Page 5),7,1
  824. 20159,en,15,agghika,agghika,Agghika,Agghika,(nt.) (-°) [= agghiya] an oblation,decoration or salutation in the form of garlands,flowers etc.,therefore meaning “string,garland” (cp. Sinhalese ägä “festoon work”) Mhvs 19,38 (<i>pupph°</i>) 34,73 (<i>ratan°</i>) 34,76 (<i>dhaj°</i>); Dāvs.I,39 (<i>pupphamay°</i>); V,51 (<i>kusum°</i>). (Page 5),7,1
  825. 20167,en,15,agghiya,agghiya,Agghiya,Agghiya,(adj. -n.) [grd. form from agghati] 1. (adj.) valuable,precious,worth J.VI,265 (maṇi); DhA.II,41 (ratan° of jewel’s worth); Mhvs 30,92. -- 2. (nt.) a respectful oblation J.V,324 = VI,516; Dpvs VI,65; VII.4. (Page 5),7,1
  826. 20185,en,15,aggi,aggi,Aggi,Aggi,[Vedic agni = Lat. ignis. Besides the contracted form aggi we find the diaeretic forms gini (q. v.) and aggini (see below)] fire. -- 1. fire,flames,sparks; conflagration,Vin.II,120 (fire in bathroom); M.I,487 (anāhāro nibbuto f. gone out for lack of fuel); S.IV,185,399 (sa-upādāno jalati provided with fuel blazes); Sn.62; Dh.70 (= asaniaggi DhA.III,71); J.I,216 (sparks),294 (pyre); II,102; III,55; IV,139; VvA.20 (aggimhi tāpanaṃ + udake temanaṃ). -- The var. phases of lighting and extinguishing the fire are given at A.IV,45:aggiṃ ujjāleti (kindle,make burn),ajjhupekkhati (look after,keep up),nibbāpeti (extinguish,put out),nikkhipati (put down,lay). Other phrases are e. g. aggiṃ jāleti (kindle) J.II,44; gaṇhāti (make or take) J.I,494 (cp. below b); deti (set light to) J.I,294; nibbāpeti (put out) It.93; Sdhp.552. aggi nibbāyati the f. goes out S.II,85; M.I,487; J.I,212 (udake through water); Miln.304. aggi nibbuto the f. is extinguished (cp. °nibbāna) J.I,61; Miln.304. agginā dahati to burn by means of fire,to set fire to A.I,136,199; PvA.20. <i>udar°</i> the fire supposed to regulate digestion PvA.33; cp. Dial. II.208,note 2; <i>kapp°uṭṭhān°</i> the universal conflagration J.III,185; <i>dāv°</i> a wood or jungle fire J.I,212; <i>naḷ°</i> the burning of a reed J.VI,100; <i>padīp°</i> fire of a lamp Miln.47. 2. the sacrificial fire:In one or two of the passages in the older texts this use of Aggi is ambiguous. It may possibly be intended to denote the personal Agni,the fire-god. But the commentators do not think so,and the Jātaka commentary,when it means Agni,has the phrase <i>Aggi Bhagavā</i> the Lord Agni,e. g. at J.I,285,494; II,44. The ancient ceremony of kindling a holy fire on the day the child is born and keeping it up throughout his life,is also referred to by that commentary e. g. J.I,285; II,43. <i>Aggiṃ paricarati</i> (cp. °paricāriyā) to serve the sacred fire Vin.I,31 (jaṭilā aggī paricaritukāmā); A.V,263,266; Th.2,143 (= aggihuttaṃ paric° ThA.136); Dh.107; J.I,494; DhA.II,232. aggiṃ juhati (cp. °homa,°hutta) to sacrifice (in)to the fire A.II,207; often comb<sup>d.</sup> with aggihuttaṃ paricarati,e. g. S.I,166; Sn.p. 79. aggiṃ namati &#38; santappeti to worship the fire A.V,235. aggissa (Gen.) paricāriko J YI.207 (cp. below °paricārika); aggissa ādhānaṃ A.IV,41. -- 3. (ethical,always --°) the fire of burning,consuming,feverish sensations. Freq. in standard set of 3 fires,viz. <i>rāg°</i>,<i> dos°</i>,<i> moh°</i>,or the fires of lust,anger and bewilderment. The number three may possibly have been chosen with reference to the three sacrificial fires of Vedic ritual. At S.IV,19; A.IV,41 sq. there are 7 fires,the 4 last of which are <i>āhuneyy°</i>,<i> gahapat°</i>,<i> dakkhiṇeyy°</i>,<i> kaṭṭh°</i>. But this trinity of cardinal sins lies at the basis of Buddhist ethics, &#38; the fire simile was more probably suggested by the number. D.III,217; It.92,Vbh.368. In late books are found others:<i>ind°</i> the fire of the senses PvA.56; <i>dukkh°</i> the glow of suffering ib. 60; <i>bhavadukkh°</i> of the misery of becomings Sdhp. 552; <i>vippaṭisār°</i> burning remorse PvA.60; <i>sok°</i> burning grief ib. 41.<br><br>Note. The form <i>aggini</i> occurs only at Sn.668 &#38; 670 in the meaning of “pyre”,and in comb<sup>n.</sup> with sama ”like”,viz. aggini-samaṃ jalitaṃ 668 (= samantato jali taṃ aggiṃ SnA.480); aggini-samāsu 670 (= aggisamāsu SnA.481). The form <i>agginī</i> in phrase niccagginī can either be referred to gini (q. v.) or has to be taken as Nom. of aggini (in adj. function with ī metri causa; otherwise as adj. agginiṃ),meaning looking constantly after the fire,i. e. careful,observant,alert.<br><br><i>--agāra</i> (agyâgāra) a heated room or hut with a fire Vin.I,24; IV,109; D.I,101,102 (as v. l. BB for agāra); M.I,501; A.V,234,250. <i>--khandha</i> a great mass of fire,a huge fire,fire-brand S.II,85; A.IV,128; Th.2,351 (°samākāmā); J.IV,139; VI,330; Ps.I,125; Dpvs.VI,37; Miln.304. <i>--gata</i> having become (like) fire Miln.302. --ja fire-born J.V,404 (C; text aggijāta). <i>--ṭṭha</i> fire-place J.V,155. <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> fire-place Vin.II,120 (jantāghare,in bathroom). <i>--daḍḍha</i> consumed by fire Dh.136; Pv.I,7<sup>4</sup>. <i>--dāha</i> (mahā°) a holocaust A.I,178. <i>--nikāsin</i> like fire J.III,320 (suriya). <i>--nibbāna</i> the extinction of fire J.I,212. <i>--pajjota</i> fire-light A.II,140 (one of the 4 lights,viz. canda°,suriya°,a°,paññā°). <i>--paricaraṇa</i> (-ṭṭhāna) the place where the (sacrificial) fire is attended to DhA.I,199. <i>--paricariyā</i> fire-worship DhA.II,232; SnA. 291 (pāri°) 456. <i>--paricārika</i> one who worship the fire a v.263 (brāhmaṇa). <i>--sālā</i> a heated hall or refectory Vin.I,25,49 = II.210; I,139; II,154. <i>--sikhā</i> the crest of the fire,the flame,in simile °ûpama,like a flaming fire Sn.703; Dh.308 = It.43,90 (ayoguḷa). <i>--hutta</i> (nt.) the sacrificial fire (see above 2),Vin.I,33,36 = J.I,83; Vin.I,246 = Sn.568 (°mukha-yañña); S.I,166; Dh.392; Sn.249,p. 79; J.IV,211; VI,525; ThA.136 (= aggi); DhA.IV,151 (°ṃ brāhmaṇo namati). <i>--huttaka</i> (nt.) fire-offering J.VI,522 (= aggi-jūhana C.). <i>--hotta</i> = °hutta SnA 456 (v. l. BB °hutta). <i>--homa</i> fire-oblation (or perhaps sacrificing to Agni) D.I,9 (= aggi-jūhana DA.I,93). (Page 4),4,1
  827. 20314,en,15,aggika,aggika,Aggika,Aggika,(adj.) [aggi + ka] one who worships the fire Vin.I,71.(jaṭilaka); D.II,339.sq. (jaṭila); S.I,166.(brāhmaṇa). (Page 5),6,1
  828. 20565,en,15,agha,agha,Agha,Agha,<sup>2</sup> (m. nt.) [the etym. suggested by Morris J.P.T.S. 1889,200 (with ref. to M.I,500,which belongs under agha<sup>1</sup>) is untenable (to Sk. kha,as a-kha = agha,cp. Jain Prk. khaha). Neither does the pop. etym. of Bdhgh. offer any clue (= a + gha from <i>ghan</i> that which does not strike or aghaṭṭaniya is not strikeable DhsA.326,cp. Dhs. trsl. 194 &#38; J.IV,154 aghe ṭhitā = appaṭighe ākāse ṭhitā the air which does not offer any resistance). On the other hand the primary meaning is darkness,as seen from the phrase <i>lokantarikā aghā asaṃvutā andhakārā</i> D.II,12; S.V,454,and BSk. <i>aghasaṃvṛta</i> M Vastu I.240,adj. dark M Vastu I.41; II,162; Lal Vist 552] the sky,orig. the dark sky,dark space,the abyss of space D.II,12; S.V,45; Vv 16<sup>1</sup> (aghasi gama,Loc. = vehāsaṃ gama VvA.78); J.IV,154; Dhs.638 (+ aghagata); Vbh.84 (id.).<br><br> <i>--gata</i> going through or being in the sky or atmosphere Dhs.638,722; Vbh.84. <i>--gāmin</i> moving through the atmosphere or space i. e. a planet S.I,67 = Miln.242 (ādicco seṭṭho aghagāminaṃ). (Page 5),4,1
  829. 20566,en,15,agha,agha,Agha,Agha,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp. Sk. agha,of uncertain etym.] evil,grief,pain,suffering,misfortune S I 22; M.I,500 (<i>roga gaṇḍa salla agha</i>); A.II,128 (id.); J.V,100; Th.2,491; Sdhp.51. -- adj. painful,bringing pain J.VI,507 (agha-m-miga = aghakara m. C.). <i>--bhūta</i> a source of pain S.III,189 (+ agha &#38; salla). (Page 5),4,1
  830. 20594,en,15,aghammiga,aghammiga,Aghammiga,Aghammiga,[to agha<sup>1</sup>?] a sort of wild animal J.VI,247 (= aghāvaha miga) 507 (= aghakara). Cp. BSk. agharika Divy 475. (Page 5),9,1
  831. 20621,en,15,aghata,aghata,Aghata,Aghata,at Th.1,321 may be read as agha-gata or (preferably) with v. l. as aggha-gataṃ,or (with Neumann) as agghaṃ agghatānaṃ. See also Mrs. Rh. D,Psalms of the Brethren,p. 191. (Page 5),6,1
  832. 20628,en,15,aghata,āghāta,Āghāta,Āghāta,[Sk. āghāta only in lit. meaning of striking,killing,but cp. BSk. āghāta in meaning “hurtfulness” at M Vastu I.79; Av. Ś II.129; cp. ghāta &#38; ghāteti] anger,ill-will,hatred,malice D.I,3,31; III,72 sq.; S.I,179; J.I,113; Dhs.1060,1231; Vbh.167,362,389; Miln.136; Vism.306; DA.I,52; VvA.67; PvA.178. <i>--anāghāta</i> freedom from ill will Vin.II,249; A.V,80.<br><br> <i>--paṭivinaya</i> repression of ill-will; the usual enum<sup>n.</sup> of ā-° paṭivinayā comprises nine,for which see D.III,262,289; Vin.V,137; A.IV,408; besides this there are sets of five at A.III,185 sq.; SnA 10,11,and one of ten at Vin.V,138. <i>--vatthu</i> occasion of ill-will; closely connected with °paṭivinaya &#38; like that enum<sup>d.</sup> in sets of nine (Vin.V,137; A.IV,408; Ps.I,130; J.III,291,404; V,149; Vbh.389; Nett 23; SnA 12),and of ten (Vin.V,138; A.V,150; Ps.I,130; Vbh.391). (Page 95),6,1
  833. 20655,en,15,aghatana,āghātana,Āghātana,Āghātana,(nt.) [ā + ghāta(na),cp. āghata which has changed its meaning] -- 1. slaying,striking,destroying,killing Th.1,418,711; death D.I,31 (= maraṇa DA.I,119). ‹-› 2. shambles,slaughter-house Vin.I,182 (gav°); A.IV,138; J.VI,113. -- 3. place of execution Vin.III,151; J.I,326,439; III,59; Miln.110; DhA.IV,52; PvA.4,5. (Page 95),8,1
  834. 20736,en,15,aghateti,āghāteti,Āghāteti,Āghāteti,[denom. fr. āghāta,in form = ā + ghāteti,but diff. in meaning] only in phrase <i>cittaṃ a</i>. (with Loc.) to incite one’s heart to hatred against,to obdurate one’s heart. Sdhp. 126 = S.I,151 = A.V,172. (Page 95),8,1
  835. 20778,en,15,aghavin,aghavin,Aghavin,Aghavin,(adj.) [to agha<sup>1</sup>] suffering pain,being in misery Sn.694 (= dukkhita SnA 489). (Page 5),7,1
  836. 20828,en,15,agilayati,āgilāyati,Āgilāyati,Āgilāyati,[ā + gilāyati; Sk. glāyati,cp. gilāna] to be wearied,exhausted or tired,to ache,to become weak or faint Vin.II,200; D.III,209; M.I,354; S.IV,184; KhA 66 (hadavaṃ ā.). Cp. <i>āyamati</i>. (Page 95),9,1
  837. 20862,en,15,agu,āgu,Āgu,Āgu,(nt.) [for Vedic āgas nt.] guilt,offence,S.I,123; A.III,346; Sn.522 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 337 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of nāga as āguṃ na karotī ti nāgo); Nd<sup>1</sup> 201. Note. A reconstructed <i>āgasa</i> is found at Sdhp.294 in cpd. akatāgasa not having committed sin.<br><br> <i>--cārin</i> one who does evil,D.II,339; M.II,88; III,163; S.II,100,128; A.II,240; Miln.110. (Page 95),3,1
  838. 20954,en,15,aha,aha,Aha,Aha,<sup>2</sup> (-°) &#38; <i>Aho</i> (°-) (nt.) [Vedic ahan &#38; ahas] a day. (1) <i>°aha</i> only in foll. cpds. &#38; cases:Instr. ekâhena in one day J.VI,366; Loc. tadahe on that (same) day PvA.46; Acc. katipâhaṃ (for) some or several days J.I,152 etc. (kattpâha); sattāhaṃ seven days,a week Vin.I,1; D.II,14; J.IV,2,and freq.; anvahaṃ daily Dāvs.IV,8. -- The initial <i>a</i> of <i>ahaṃ</i> (Acc.) is elided after i,which often appears lengthened:kati ‘haṃ how many days? S.I,7; ekâha-dvī ‘haṃ one or two days J.I,292; dvīha-tī ‘han two or three days J.II,103; VvA.45; ekâha-dvī’h’accayena after the lapse of one or two days J.I,253. -- A doublet of aha is <i>anha</i> (through metathesis from ahan),which only occurs in phrases <i>pubbanho </i>&<i> sāyanha</i> (q. v.); an adj. der. fr. aha is <i>°ahika:</i> see pañcâhika (consisting of 5 days). -- (2) <i>aho°</i> in cpd. <i>ahoratta</i> (m. &#38; nt.) [cp. BSk. ahorātraṃ Av. Ś. I.209] &#38; <i>ahoratti</i> (f.) day &#38; night,occurring mostly in oblique cases and adverbially in Acc. <i>ahorattaṃ:</i> M.I,417 (°ânusikkhin); Dh.226 (id.; expl<sup>d.</sup> by divā ca rattiñ ca tisso sikkhā sikkhamāna DhA.III,324); Th.1,145 (ahorattā accayanti); J.IV,108 (°ānaṃ accaye); Pv.II,13<sup>1</sup> (°ṃ); Miln.82 (ena). -- <i>ahorattiṃ</i> Dh.387; J.VI,313 (v. l. BB for T. aho va rattiṃ). (Page 91),3,1
  839. 20955,en,15,aha,aha,Aha,Aha,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [cp. Sk. aha &#38; P. aho; Germ. aha; Lat. ehem etc.] exclamation of surprise,consternation,pain etc. “ch! alas! woe!”. Perhaps to be seen in cpd. <i>°kāmā</i> miserable pleasures lit. “woe to these pleasures!”) gloss at ThA.292 for T. kāmakāmā of Th.2,506 (expl<sup>d.</sup> by C. as “ahā ti lāmaka-pariyāyo”). See also <i>ahaha</i>. (Page 91),3,1
  840. 20967,en,15,aha,āha,Āha,Āha,[Vedic āha,orig. perfect of <em>ah</em> to speak,meaning “he began to speak”,thus in meaning of pres. “he says”] a perfect in meaning of pret. &#38; pres. “he says or he said”,he spoke,also spoke to somebody (w. Acc.),as at J.I,197 (cullalohitaṃ āha). Usually in 3<sup>rd</sup> person,very rarely used of 2<sup>nd</sup> person,as at Sn.839,840 (= kathesi bhaṇasi Nd 188,191). -- 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. <i>āha</i> Vin.II,191; Sn.790 (= bhaṇati Nd<sup>1</sup> 87),888; J.I,280; III,53 and freq. passim; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl. <i>āhu</i> Sn.87,181; Dh.345; J.I,59; SnA 377,and <i>āhaṃsu</i> J.I,222; III,278 and freq. (Page 116),3,1
  841. 20982,en,15,ahacca,āhacca,Āhacca,Āhacca,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [grd. of āharati,corresponding to a Sk. *āhṛtya] 1. (cp. āharati<sup>1</sup>) to be removed,removable,in <i>°pādaka-pīṭha </i>&<i> °mañca</i> a collapsible bed or chair,i e. whose legs or feet can be put on &#38; taken away at pleasure (by drawing out a pin) Vin.II,149 (cp. Vin Texts III,164 n. 5); IV,40,46 (def. as “aṅge vijjhitvā ṭhito hoti” it stands by means of a perforated limb),168,169. -- 2. (cp. āharati<sup>2</sup>) reciting,repeating,or to be quoted,recitation (of the Scriptures); by authority or by tradition M.III,139; DhsA.9, &#38; in cpds. <i>°pada</i> a text quoted from Scripture),tradition Miln.148 (°ena by reference to the text of the Scriptures); <i>°vacana</i> a saying of the Scriptures,a traditional or proverbial saying Nett 21 (in def. of suttaṃ). (Page 116),6,1
  842. 20983,en,15,ahacca,āhacca,Āhacca,Āhacca,<sup>1</sup> ger. of <i>āhanati</i>. (Page 116),6,1
  843. 21015,en,15,ahaha,ahaha,Ahaha,Ahaha,[onomat. after exclamation ahahā:see<i> aha<sup>1</sup></i>] 1. exclamation of woe J.III,450 (ahahā in metre). -- 2. (nt.) N. of a certain division of Purgatory (Niraya),lit. oh woe! A.V,173 = Sn.p. 126. (Page 92),5,1
  844. 21039,en,15,aham,ahaṃ,Ahaṃ,Ahaṃ,(prom.) [Vedic ahaṃ = Av. az∂m; Gr. e]gw/(n); Lat. ego; Goth. ik,Ags. ic,Ohg. ih etc.] pron. of 1<sup>st</sup> person “I”. ‹-› Nom. sg. <i>ahaṃ</i> S.III,235; A.IV,53; Dh.222,320; Sn.172,192,685,989,1054,1143; J.I,61; II,159. -- In pregnant sense (my ego,myself,I as the one &#38; only,i. e. egotistically) in foll. phrases:yaṃ vadanti mama . . na te ahaṃ S.I,116,123; ahaṃ asmi “I am” (cp. ahaṅkāra below) S.I,129; III,46,128 sq.; IV,203; A.II,212,215 sq.; Vism.13; ahaṃ pure ti “I am the first” Vv 84<sup>50</sup> (= ahamahaṅkārā ti VvA.351). -- Gen. Dat. <i>mayhaṃ</i> Sn.431,479; J.I,279; II,160,<i>mama</i> S.I,115; Sn.22,23,341,997; J.II,159, &#38; <i>mamaṃ</i> S.I,116; Sn.253 (= mama C.),694,982. -- Instr. <i>mayā</i> Sn.135,336,557,982; J.I,222,279. -- Acc. <i>maṃ</i> Sn.356,366,425,936; J.II,159; III,26, &#38; <i>mamaṃ</i> J.III,55,394. -- Loc. <i>mayi</i> Sn.559; J III 188. The enclitic form in the sg. is me, &#38; func<i>-</i> tions in diff. cases,as Gen. (Sn.983; J.II,159),Acc. (Sn.982),Instr. (J.I,138,222), &#38; Abl. -- Pl. Nom. <i>mayaṃ</i> (we) Sn.31,91,167,999; J.II,159; VI,365,<i>amhe</i> J.II,129, &#38; <i>vayaṃ</i> (q. v.). -- Gen. <i>amhākaṃ</i> J.I,221; II,159 &#38; <i>asmākaṃ</i> Sn.p. 106. -- Acc. <i>amhe</i> J.I,222; II,415 &#38; <i>asme</i> J.III,359. -- Instr. <i>amhehi</i> J.I,150; II,417 &#38; <i>asmābhi</i> ThA.153 (Ap. 132). -- Loc. <i>amhesu</i> J.I,222. ‹-› The enclitic form for the pl. is <i>no</i> (for Acc. dat &#38; Gen.):see under <i>vayaṃ</i>.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> selfishness,egotism,arrogance (see also mamaṅkāra) M.III,18,32; S.II,253; III,80,136,169 sq.; IV,41,197,202; A.I,132 sq.; III,444; Ud.70; Nett 127,and freq. passim. (Page 91),4,1
  845. 21087,en,15,ahanana,āhanana,Āhanana,Āhanana,(nt.) [fr. ā + <em>han</em>] beating,striking,coming into touch,“impinging” Vism.142 (+ pariyāhanana,in def. of vitakka) = DhsA.114 (cp. Expos. 151); Vism.515 (id.). (Page 116),7,1
  846. 21106,en,15,ahanati,āhanati,Āhanati,Āhanati,[ā + <em>han</em>] to beat,strike,press against,touch ppr. <i>āhananto</i> Miln.21 (dhamma-bheriṃ); Dāvs.IV,50. ‹-› ger. <i>āhacca</i> touching M.I,493; J.I,330; VI 2,200; Sn.716 = uppīḷetva SnA 498; Vism.420. -- pp. <i>āhata</i> (q. v.).<br><br> 1st sg. fut. <i>āhañhi</i> Vin.I,8; D.II,72,where probably to be read as āhañh’(=āhañhaṃ). See Geiger,P.Gr. § 153,2. (Page 116),7,1
  847. 21172,en,15,ahara,āhāra,Āhāra,Āhāra,[fr. ā + <em>hṛ</em>,lit. taking up or on to oneself] feeding,support,food,nutriment (lit &#38; fig.). The term is used comprehensively and the usual enum<sup>n.</sup> comprises four kinds of nutriment,viz. (1) kabaḷiṅkāra āhāro (bodily nutriment,either oḷāriko gross,solid,or sukhumo fine),(2) phassāhāro n. of contact,(3) manosañcetanā° n. of volition (= cetanā S. A. on II.11 f.),(4) viññāṇ° of consciousness. Thus at M.I,261; D.III,228,276; Dhs.71--73; Vism.341. Another definition of Dhammapāla’s refers it to the fourfold tasting as asita (eaten),pīta (drunk),khāyita (chewed),sāyita (tasted) food PvA.25. A synonym with mūla,hetu,etc. for cause,Yamaka,I.3; Yam. A (J.P.T.S.,1910--12) 54. See on term also Dhs.trsl. 30. -- Vin.I,84; D.I,166; S.I,172; II,11,13,98 sq. (the 4 kinds,in detail); III,54 (sa°); V,64,391; A.III,51 (sukhass°),79,142 sq.,192 sq.; IV,49,108; V,52 (the four),108,113 (avijjāya etc.),116 (bhavataṇhāya),269 sq. (nerayikānaṃ etc.); Sn.78,165,707,747; Nd<sup>1</sup> 25; Ps.I,22 (the four) 122 (id.),55,76 sq; Kvu 508; Pug.21,55; Vbh.2,13,72,89,320,383,401 sq. (the four); Dhs.58,121,358,646; Nett 31,114,124; DhsA.153,401; DhA.I,183 (°ṃ pacchindati to bring up food,to vomit); II,87; VvA.118; PvA.14,35,112,148 (utu° physical nutriment); Sdhp.100,395,406; A.V,136 gives ten āhāra opposed to ten paripanthā. <i>--an°</i> without food,unfed M.I,487 (aggi); S.III,126; V,105; Sn.985.<br><br> <i>--ûpahāra</i> consumption of food,feeding,eating Vin.III,136. <i>--ṭhitika</i> subsisting or living on food D.III,211,273; A.V,50,55; Ps.I,5,122. <i>--pariggaha</i> taking up or acquirement of food Miln.244 or is it “restraint or abstinence in food”? Same comb<sup>n.</sup> at Miln.313. <i>--maya</i> “food-like”,feeding stuff,food J.III,523. <i>--lolatā</i> greed after food SnA 35. <i>--samudaya</i> origin of nutriment S.III,59. (Page 117),5,1
  848. 21215,en,15,aharana,āharaṇa,Āharaṇa,Āharaṇa,(adj.-n.) [fr. āharati] to be taken; taking away; only in phrase acorāharaṇo nidhi a treasure not to be taken by thieves Miln.320; Kh VIII,9; KhA 224; Sdhp.589. (Page 116),7,1
  849. 21220,en,15,aharanaka,āharaṇaka,Āharaṇaka,Āharaṇaka,[āharaṇa + ka] one who has to take or bring,a messenger J.II,199; III,328. (Page 116),9,1
  850. 21300,en,15,aharati,āharati,Āharati,Āharati,[ā + <em>hṛ</em>] -- 1. to take,take up,take hold of,take out,take away M.I,429 (sallaṃ); S I 121; III,123; J.I,40 (ger. āharitvā “with”),293 (te hattaṃ); Nd<sup>2</sup> 540<sup>c</sup> (puttamaṃsaṃ,read āhāreyya?); Pv.II,3<sup>10</sup>; DA.I,186,188 ‹-› 2. to bring,bring down,fetch D.II,245; J IV 159 (nāvaṃ; v. l. āhāhitvā); V,466; VvA.63 (bhattaṃ); PvA.75. ‹-› 3. to get,acquire,bring upon oneself J.V,433 (padosaṃ); DhA.II,89. -- 4. to bring on to,put into (w. Loc.); fig. &#38; intrs. to hold on to,put oneself to,touch,resort to M.I,395 (kaṭhalaṃ mukhe ā.; also inf. āhattuṃ); Th.1,1156 (pāpacitte ā.; Mrs. Rh. D. Brethren ver. 1156,not as “accost” p. 419,n.). -- 5. to assault,strike,offend (for pāhari?) Th.1,1173. -- 6. (fig.) to take up,fall or go back on (w. Acc.),recite,quote,repeat (usually with desanaṃ &#38; dasseti of an instructive story or sermon or homily) J.III,383 (desanaṃ),401; V,462 (vatthuṃ āharitvā dassesi told a story for example); SnA 376; PvA.38,39 (atītaṃ),42,66,99 (dhamma-desanaṃ). See also <i>payirudāharati</i>. ‹-› pp. <i>āhaṭa</i> (q. v.). -- Caus. II. <i>āhārapeti</i> to cause to be brought or fetched; to wish to take,to call or ask for J.III,88,342; V,466; PvA.215. (Page 116),7,1
  851. 21309,en,15,aharattham,āhāratthaṃ,Āhāratthaṃ,Āhāratthaṃ,[āhāra + tta] the state of being food. In the idiom āhārattaṇ pharati; Vin.I,199,of medicine,“to penetrate into food-ness” ,to come under the category of food; Miln.152,of poison,to turn into food. [According to Oldenberg (Vin.I,381) his MSS read about equally °attaṃ and °atthaṃ. Trenckner prints °atthaṃ,and records no variant (see p. 425)]. (Page 117),10,1
  852. 21337,en,15,ahareti,āhāreti,Āhāreti,Āhāreti,[denom. fr. āhāra] to take food,eat,feed on S.II,13; III,240; IV,104; A.I,114,295; II,40,145,206; IV,167; Nd<sup>2</sup> 540<sup>c</sup> (āhāraṃ &#38; puttamaṃsaṃ cp. S.II,98). (Page 117),7,1
  853. 21350,en,15,aharima,āharima,Āharima,Āharima,(adj.) [fr. āharati] “fetching”,fascinating,captivating,charming Vin.IV,299; Th.2,299; ThA.227; VvA.14,15,77. (Page 117),7,1
  854. 21393,en,15,ahariya,āhariya,Āhariya,Āhariya,[grd. of āharati] one who is to bring something J.III,328. (Page 117),7,1
  855. 21423,en,15,ahasa,ahāsa,Ahāsa,Ahāsa,[a + hāsa,cp. Sk. ahāsa &#38; aharṣa] absence of exultancy,modesty J.III,466 (= an-ubbillāvitattaṃ C.). (Page 92),5,1
  856. 21437,en,15,ahasi,ahāsi,Ahāsi,Ahāsi,3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of <i>harati</i> (q. v.). (Page 92),5,1
  857. 21455,en,15,ahata,āhaṭa,Āhaṭa,Āhaṭa,[pp. of āharati] brought,carried,obtained Vin.I,121; III,53; D.II,180 (spelt āhata); J.III,512 (gloss ānīta); Dāvs.I,58. (Page 116),5,1
  858. 21466,en,15,ahata,āhata,Āhata,Āhata,[pp. of āhanati] struck,beaten,stamped; afflicted,affected with (-°) Vin.IV,236 = D.III,238 (kupito anattamano āhata-citto); Vin.I,75,76; S.I,170 (tilak°,so read for tilakā-hata,affected with freckles,C. kāḷa-setādi vaṇṇehi tilakehi āhatagatta,K. S. p. 318); J III 456; Sdhp.187,401. (Page 116),5,1
  859. 21488,en,15,ahataka,āhataka,Āhataka,Āhataka,[fr. āhata] “one who is beaten”,a slave,a worker (of low grade) Vin.IV,224 (in def. of kammakāra,as bhaṭaka + ā). (Page 116),7,1
  860. 21555,en,15,ahavana,āhavana,Āhavana,Āhavana, &#38; Āhavanīya see under āhuneyya. (Page 117),7,1
  861. 21575,en,15,ahe,ahe,Ahe,Ahe,(indecl.) [= aho,cp. aha<sup>1</sup>] exclamation of surprise or bewilderment:alas! woe etc.,perhaps in cpd. <i>ahevana</i> a dense forest (lit. oh! this forest,alas! the forest (i. e. how big it is) J.V,63 (uttamāhevanandaho,if reading is correct,which is not beyond doubt. C. on p. 64 expl<sup>s.</sup> as “ahevanaṃ vuccati vanasaṇḍo”). (Page 92),3,1
  862. 21719,en,15,ahi,ahi,Ahi,Ahi,[Vedic ahi,with Av. aži perhaps to Lat. anguis etc.,see Walde Lat. Wtb. s. v.] a snake Vin.II,109; D.I,77; S.IV,198; A.III,306 sq.; IV,320; V,289; Nd<sup>1</sup> 484; Vism.345 (+ kukkura etc.); VvA.100; PvA.144.<br><br> <i>--kuṇapa</i> the carcase of a snake Vin.III,68 = M.I,73 = A.IV,377. <i>--gāha</i> a snake catcher or trainer J.VI,192. <i>--guṇṭhika</i> (? reading uncertain,we find as vv. ll. °guṇḍika,°guṇṭika &#38; °kuṇḍika; the BSk. paraphrase is °tuṇḍika Divy 497. In view of this uncertainty we are unable to pronounce a safe etymology; it is in all probability a dialectical; may be Non-Aryan,word. See also under kuṇḍika &#38; guṇṭhika &#38; cp. Morris in J.P.T.S. 1886,153) a snake charmer J.I,370 (°guṇḍ°); II,267; III,348 (°guṇḍ°); IV,456 (T. °guṇṭ; v. l. BB °kuṇḍ°) 308 (T. °kuṇḍ°,v. l. SS °guṇṭh°),456 (T. °guṇṭ°; v. l. BB °kuṇḍ); VI,171 (T. °guṇḍ°; v. l. BB °kuṇḍ°); Miln.23,305. <i>--chattaka</i> (nt.) “a snake’s parasol”,a mushroom D.III,87; J.II,95; Ud.81 (C. on VIII,5,1). <i>--tuṇḍika</i> = °guṇṭhika Vism.304,500. <i>--peta</i> a Peta in form of a snake DhA.II,63. <i>--mekhalā</i> “snake-girdle”,i. e. outfit or appearance of a snake DhA.I,139. <i>--vātaka</i> (-roga) N. of a certain disease (“snakewind-sickness”) Vin.I,78; J.II,79; IV,200; DhA.I,169,187,231; III,437. <i>--vijjā</i> “snake-craft”,i. e. fortune-telling or sorcery by means of snakes D.I,9 (= sappa-daṭṭhatikicchana-vijjā c’eva sapp’avhāyana-vijjā ca. “the art of healing snake bites as well as the invocation of snakes (for magic purposes)” DA.I,93). (Page 92),3,1
  863. 21769,en,15,ahika,āhika,Āhika,Āhika,(-°) (adj.) [der. fr. aha<sup>2</sup>] only in pañcāhika every five days (cp. pañcāhaṃ &#38; sattāhaṃ) M.III,157. (Page 117),5,1
  864. 21805,en,15,ahimsa,ahiṃsā,Ahiṃsā,Ahiṃsā,(f.) [a + hiṃsā] not hurting,humanity,kindness D.III,147; A.I,151; Dh.261,270; J.IV,71; Miln.402. (Page 92),6,1
  865. 21814,en,15,ahimsaka,ahiṃsaka,Ahiṃsaka,Ahiṃsaka,(adj.) [fr. ahiṃsā] not injuring others,harmless,humane,S.I,165; Th.1,879; Dh.225; J.IV,447. (Page 92),8,1
  866. 21870,en,15,ahindati,āhiṇḍati,Āhiṇḍati,Āhiṇḍati,[ā + <em>hiṇḍ</em>,cp. BSk. āhiṇḍate Divy 165 etc.] to wander about,to roam,to be on an errand,to be engaged in (w. Acc.) Vin.I,203 (senāsana-cārikaṃ),217; II,132 (na sakkoti vinā daṇḍena āhiṇḍituṃ); IV,62; J.I,48,108,239; Nd<sup>2</sup> 540<SUP>B</SUP>; Pv III,2<sup>29</sup> (= vicarati PvA.185); Vism.38,284 (aṭaviṃ); VvA.238 (tattha tattha); PvA.143. (Page 117),8,1
  867. 21885,en,15,ahinindriya,ahīnindriya,Ahīnindriya,Ahīnindriya,see discussed under <i>abhinindriya</i>. (Page 92),11,1
  868. 21915,en,15,ahirika,ahirika,Ahirika,Ahirika, &#38; Ahirīka (adj.) [fr. a + hirī] shameless,unscrupulous D.III,212,252,282; A.II,219; Dh.244; Sn.133 (°īka); It.27 (°īka); Pug.19 (also nt. unscrupulousness); Dhs.365; Nett 39,126; DhA.III,352. (Page 92),7,1
  869. 21951,en,15,ahita,ahita,Ahita,Ahita,(adj.-n.) [a + hita] not good or friendly,harmful,bad; unkindliness D.III,246; Dh.163; Sn.665,692; Miln.199 (°kāma). (Page 92),5,1
  870. 21964,en,15,ahita,āhita,Āhita,Āhita,[pp. of ā + <em>dhā</em>] put up,heaped; provided with fuel (of a fire),blazing Sn.18 (gini = ābhato jalito vā SnA 28). See sam°. (Page 117),5,1
  871. 22058,en,15,aho,aho,Aho,Aho,(indecl.) [Sk. aho,for etym. see <i>aha<sup>1</sup></i>] exclamation of surprise,astonishment or consternation:yea,indeed,well; I say! for sure! VvA.103 (aho ti acchariy’atthena nipāto); J.I,88 (aho acchariyaṃ aho abbhutaṃ),140. Usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with similar emphatic particles,e. g. aho vata DhA.II,85; PvA.131 (= sādhu vata); aho vata re D.II,107; Pv.II,9<sup>4 5</sup>. Cp. <i>ahe</i>. (Page 92),3,1
  872. 22101,en,15,ahosi-kamma,ahosi-kamma,Ahosi-Kamma,Ahosi-kamma,(nt.) an act or thought whose kamma has no longer any potential force:Cpd. 145. At p. 45 ahosikakamma is said to be a kamma inhibited by a more powerful one. See Buddhaghosa in Vism. Chap. XIX. (Page 92),11,1
  873. 22125,en,15,ahu,āhu,Āhu,Āhu,3<sup>rd</sup> pl. of āha (q. v.). (Page 117),3,1
  874. 22135,en,15,ahuhaliya,ahuhāliya,Ahuhāliya,Ahuhāliya,(nt.) [onomat.] a hoarse &#38; loud laugh J.III,223 (= danta-vidaṃsaka-mahā-hasita C.). (Page 92),9,1
  875. 22154,en,15,ahuna,āhuna,Āhuna,Āhuna,= āhuti,in āhuna-pāhuna giving oblations and sacrificing VvA.155; by itself at Vism.219. (Page 117),5,1
  876. 22165,en,15,ahundarika,āhundarika,Āhundarika,Āhundarika,(adj.) [doubtful or āhuṇḍ°?] according to Morris J.P.T.S. 1884,73 “crowded up,blocked up,impassable” Vin.I,79; IV,297; Vism.413 (°ṃ andha-tamaṃ). (Page 117),10,1
  877. 22174,en,15,ahuneyya,āhuneyya,Āhuneyya,Āhuneyya,(adj.) [a grd. form. fr. ā + <em>hu</em>,cp. āhuti] sacrificial,worthy of offerings or of sacrifice,venerable,adorable,worshipful D.III,5,217 (aggi); A.II,56,70 (sāhuneyyaka),145 sq. (id.); IV,13,41 (aggi); It.88 (+ pāhuneyya); Vv 64<sup>33</sup> (cp. VvA.285). See def. at Vism.219 where expl<sup>d.</sup> by “āhavanīya” and “āhavanaṃ arahati” deserving of offerings. (Page 117),8,1
  878. 22192,en,15,ahuti,āhuti,Āhuti,Āhuti,(f.) [Vedic āhuti,ā + <em>hu</em>] oblation,sacrifice; veneration,adoration M III 167; S.I,141; Th.1,566 (<i>°īnaṃ</i> paṭiggaho recipient of sacrificial gifts); J.I,15; V,70 (id.); Vv 64<sup>33</sup> (paramâhutiṃ gato deserving the highest adoration); Sn.249,458; Kvu 530; SnA 175; VvA.285. (Page 117),5,1
  879. 22220,en,15,ahuvasim,ahuvāsiṃ,Ahuvāsiṃ,Ahuvāsiṃ,1<sup>st</sup> sg. pret. of hotī (q. v.) I was Vv 82<sup>6</sup> (= ahosiṃ VvA.321). (Page 92),8,1
  880. 22234,en,15,aja,aja,Aja,Aja,[Vedic aja fr. <em>aj</em> (Lat. ago to drive),cp. ajina] a hegoat,a ram D.I,6,127; A.II,207; J.I,241; III,278 sq.; V,241; Pug.56; PvA.80.<br><br> <i>--eḷaka</i> [Sk. ajaiḍaka] goats &#38; sheep D.I,5,141; A.II,42 sq.,209; J.I,166; VI,110; Pug.58. As pl. <i>°ā</i> S.I,76; It.36; J.IV,363. <i>--pada</i> goat-footed M.I,134. <i>--pāla</i> goatherd,in °nigrodharukkha (Npl.) “goatherds’Nigrodha-tree” Vin.I,2 sq. Dpvs.I,29 (cp. M Vastu III,302). <i>--pālikā</i> a woman goatherd Vin.III,38. <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> “goat-sign”,i. e. prophesying from signs on a goat etc. D.I,9 (expl<sup>d.</sup> DA.I,94 as “evarūpānaṃ ajānaṃ mansaṃ khāditabbaṃ evarūpānaṃ na khāditabban ti”). <i>--laṇḍikā</i> (pl.) goats’dung,in phrase nāḷimattā a. a cup full of goats’dung (which is put down a bad minister’s throat as punishment) J.I,419; DhA.II,70; PvA.282. <i>--vata</i> “goats’habit”,a practice of certain ascetics (to live after the fashion of goats) J.IV,318.<br><br> aja-pada refers to a stick cloven like a goat’s hoof; so also at Vism.161. (Page 9),3,1
  881. 22246,en,15,aja,ajā,Ajā,Ajā,(f.) a she-goat J.III,125; IV,251. (Page 10),3,1
  882. 22258,en,15,ajacca,ajacca,Ajacca,Ajacca,(adj.) [a + jacca] of low birth J.III,19; VI,100. (Page 10),6,1
  883. 22265,en,15,ajaddhuka,ajaddhuka,Ajaddhuka,Ajaddhuka, &#38; Ajaddhumāra see <i>jaddhu</i>. (Page 10),9,1
  884. 22282,en,15,ajagara,ajagara,Ajagara,Ajagara,[aja + gara = gala fr. <i>*gel</i> to devour,thus “goateater”] a large snake (rock-snake?),Boa Constrictor J.VI,507; Miln.23,303,364,406; DhA.III,60. Also as <i>ajakara</i> at J.III,484 (cp. Trenckner,Notes p. 64). (Page 10),7,1
  885. 22328,en,15,ajajjara,ajajjara,Ajajjara,Ajajjara,see jajjara. (Page 10),8,1
  886. 22339,en,15,ajaka,ajaka,Ajaka,Ajaka,a goat,pl. goats Vin.II,154. -- f. <i>ajikā</i> J.III,278 &#38; <i>ajiyā</i> J.V,241. (Page 10),5,1
  887. 22385,en,15,ajamoja,ajamoja,Ajamoja,Ajamoja,[Sk. ajamoda,cp. Sk. ajājī] cummin-seed VvA.186. (Page 10),7,1
  888. 22389,en,15,ajana,ājāna,Ājāna,Ājāna,(adj.) [ā + jāna from <em>jñā</em>] understandable,only in cpd. durājāna hard to understand S.IV,127; Sn.762; J.I,295,300. (Page 96),5,1
  889. 22409,en,15,ajanana,ajānana,Ajānana,Ajānana,(°-) (nt.) [a + jānana] not knowing,ignorance (of) J.V,199 (°bhāva); VI,177 (°kāla). (Page 10),7,1
  890. 22419,en,15,ajanana,ājānana,Ājānana,Ājānana,(nt.) [ā + jānana,cp. Sk. ajñāna] learning,knowing,understanding; knowledge J.I,181 (°sabhāva of the character of knowing,fit to learn); PvA.225. (Page 96),7,1
  891. 22490,en,15,ajanati,ājānāti,Ājānāti,Ājānāti,[ā + jānāti] to understand,to know,to learn D.I,189; Sn.1064 (°amāna = vijānamāna Nd<sup>2</sup> 120). As aññāti at Vism.200. -- pp. aññāta. Cp. also āṇāpeti. Ājāniya (ājānīya) (adj. n.) [cp. BSk. ājāneya &#38; Sk. ājāti birth,good birth. Instead of its correct derivation from ā + jan (to be born,i. e. well-born) it is by Bdhgh. connected with ā + jñā (to learn,i. e. to be trained). See for these popular etym. e. g. J.I,181:sārathissa cittarucitaṃ kāraṇaṃ ājānana-sabhāvo ājañño,and DhA.IV,4:yaṃ assadamma-sārathi kāraṇaṃ kāreti tassa khippaṃ jānana‹-› samatthā ājāniyā. -- The contracted form of the word is <i>ājañña</i>] of good race or breed; almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse (cp. assājāniya under assa<sup>3</sup>). (a) <i>ājāniya</i> (the more common &#38; younger Pāli form):Sn.462,528,532; J.I,178,194; Dpvs.IV,26; DhA.I,402; III,49; IV,4; VvA.78; PvA.216. -- (b) <i>ājānīya:</i> M.I,445; A.V,323; Dh.322 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 475. -- (c) <i>ǡjañña</i> = (mostly in poetry):Sn.300 = 304; J.I,181; Pv IV.1<sup>54</sup>; purisājañña “a steed of man”,i. e. a man of noble race) S.III,91 = Th.1,1084 = Sn.544 = VvA.9; A.V,325. <i>--anājāniya</i> of inferior birth M.I,367.<br><br> <i>--susu</i> the young of a noble horse,a noble foal M.I,445 (°ûpamo dhamma-pariyāyo). (Page 96),7,1
  892. 22570,en,15,ajaniyata,ājānīyatā,Ājānīyatā,Ājānīyatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. ājāniya] good breed PvA.214. (Page 97),9,1
  893. 22591,en,15,ajanna,ājañña,Ājañña,Ājañña,is the contracted form of ājāniya. (Page 96),6,1
  894. 22766,en,15,ajava,ājava,Ājava,Ājava,see ācamā. (Page 96),5,1
  895. 22850,en,15,ajeyya,ajeyya,Ajeyya,Ajeyya,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [a + jeyya,grd. of jīyati,q. v.] not decaying,not growing old,permanent J.VI,323. (Page 10),6,1
  896. 22851,en,15,ajeyya,ajeyya,Ajeyya,Ajeyya,<sup>1</sup> &#38; Ajjeyya (adj.) [a + jeyya,grd. of jayati,q. v.] ‹-› (a) not to be taken by force Kh VIII,8 (cp. KhA 223). ‹-› (b) not to be overpowered,invincible Sn.288; J.V,509. (Page 10),6,1
  897. 22914,en,15,ajina,ajina,Ajina,Ajina,(nt.) [Vedic ajina,to aja,orig. goats’skin] the hide of the black antelope,worn as a garment by ascetics D.I,167; Sn.1027; J.I,12,53; IV,387; V,407. kharājina a rough skin (as garment) M.I,343; S.IV,118; A.II,207; Sn.249 (= kharāni a°-cammāni SnA 291). <i>dantājina</i>? ivory (q. v.).<br><br> <i>--khipa</i> a cloak made of a network of strips of a black antelope’s hide D.I,167; S.I,117; A.I,240,295; II,206; Vin.I,306; III,34; J.VI,569. <i>--paveṇi</i> a cloth of the size of a couch made from pieces of ant. skin sewn together Vin.I,192; D.I,7 (= ajina-cammehi mañcappamāṇena sibbitvā katā paveṇi DA.I,87); A.I,181. <i>--sāṭī</i> a garment of skins (= ajina-camma-sāṭī DhA.IV,156) Dh.394 = J.I,481 = III,85. (Page 10),5,1
  898. 22998,en,15,ajini,ajini,Ajini,Ajini,aor 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. jayati,q. v. (Page 10),5,1
  899. 23018,en,15,ajira,ajira,Ajira,Ajira,(nt.). [Vedic ajira to <em>aj</em>,cp. Gr. a)grόs,Lat. ager,Goth. akrs = Ger. Acker,= E. acre] a court,a yard Mhvs 35,3. (Page 10),5,1
  900. 23022,en,15,ajira,ājira,Ājira,Ājira,[= ajira with lengthened initial a] a courtyard Mhvs 35,3. (Page 97),5,1
  901. 23031,en,15,ajiraka,ajīraka,Ajīraka,Ajīraka,(nt.) [a + jīraka] indigestion J.I,404; II,181,291; III,213,225. (Page 10),7,1
  902. 23083,en,15,ajiva,ājīva,Ājīva,Ājīva,[ā + jīva; Sk. ājīva] livelihood,mode of living,living,subsistence,D.I,54; A.III,124 (parisuddha°); Sn.407 (°ṃ = parisodhayi = micchājīvaṃ hitvā sammājīvaṃ eva pavattayī SnA 382),617; Pug.51; Vbh.107,235; Miln.229 (bhinna°); Vism.306 (id.); DhsA.390; Sdhp.342,375,392. Esp. freq. in the contrast pair <i>sammā-</i>ājīva &#38; <i>micchā-ā°</i> right mode &#38; wrong mode of gaining a living,e. g. at S.II,168 sq.; III,239; V,9; A.I,271; II 53,240,270; IV,82; Vbh.105,246. See also <i>magga</i> (ariyaṭṭhaṅgika).<br><br> <i>--pārisuddhi</i> purity or propriety of livelihood Miln.336; Vism.22 sq.,44; DhA.IV,111. <i>--vipatti</i> failure in method of gaining a living A.I,270. <i>--sampadā</i> perfection of (right) livelihood A.I,271; DA.I,235. (Page 97),5,1
  903. 23110,en,15,ajivaka,ājīvaka,Ājīvaka,Ājīvaka,( &#38; °ika) [ājīva + ka,orig. “one finding his living” (scil. in a peculiar way); cp. BSk. ājīvika Divy 393,427] an ascetic,one of the numerous sects of non-buddhist ascetics. On their austerities,practice &#38; way of living see esp. DhA.II,55 sq. and on the whole question A. L. Basham,Hist. &#38; Doctrines of the Ājīvikas,1951. -- (a) <i>ājīvaka</i>:Vin.I,291; II,284; IV,74,91; M.I,31,483:S.I,217; A.III,276,384; J.I,81,257,390. -- (b) <i>ājīvika:</i> Vin.I,8; Sn.381 (v. l. BB. °aka).<br><br> <i>--sāvaka</i> a hearer or lay disciple of the ājīvaka ascetics Vin II 130,165; A.I,217. (Page 97),7,1
  904. 23249,en,15,ajivika,ājīvika,Ājīvika,Ājīvika,(nt.) (or <i>ājīvikā</i> f.?) [fr. ājīva] sustenance of life,livelihood,living Vbh.379 (°bhaya) Miln.196 (id.); PvA.274,and in phrase <i>ājīvik</i>’<i>âpakata</i> being deprived of a livelihood,without a living M.I,463 = S.III,93 (T. reads jīvikā pakatā) = It.89 (reads ājīvikā pakatā) = Miln.279. (Page 97),7,1
  905. 23268,en,15,ajivin,ājīvin,Ājīvin,Ājīvin,(adj.-n.) [fr. ājīva] having one’s livelihood,finding one’s subsistence,living,leading a life of (-°) D.III,64; A.V,190 (lūkha°) (Page 97),6,1
  906. 23281,en,15,ajiya,ajiya,Ajiya,Ajiya,= ajikā (see ajaka). (Page 10),5,1
  907. 23299,en,15,ajja,ajja,Ajja,Ajja, &#38; Ajjā (adv.) [Vedic adya &#38; adyā,a + dyā,a° being base of demonstr. pron. (see a<sup>3</sup>) and dyā an old Loc. of dyaus (see diva),thus “on this day”] to-day,now Sn.75,153,158,970,998; Dh.326; J.I,279; III,425 (read bahutaṃ ajjā; not with Kern,Toev. s. v. as “food”); Pv.I,11<sup>7</sup> (= idāni PvA.59); PvA.6,23; Mhvs 15,64. ‹-› Freq. in phrase <i>ajjatagge</i> (= ajjato + agge(?) or ajja-tagge,see agga<sup>3</sup>) from this day onward,henceforth Vin.I,18; D.I,85; DA.I,235.<br><br> <i>--kālaṃ</i> (adv.) this morning J.VI,180; <i>--divasa</i> the present day Mhvs 32,23. (Page 10),4,1
  908. 23345,en,15,ajjata,ajjatā,Ajjatā,Ajjatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. ajja] the present time,in <i>ajjatañ ca</i> this very day S.I,83 (v. l. ajjeva). (Page 10),6,1
  909. 23355,en,15,ajjatana,ajjatana,Ajjatana,Ajjatana,(adj.) [cp. Sk. adyatana] referring to the day,today’s,present,modern (opp. <i>porāṇa</i>) Th.1,552; Dh.227; J.II,409. -- Dat. <i>ajjatanāya</i> for today Vin.I,17; PvA.171 &#38; passim. (Page 10),8,1
  910. 23362,en,15,ajjati,ajjati,Ajjati,Ajjati,[Vedic arjati,<em>ṛj</em>,a variant of <em>arh</em>,see arahati] to get,procure,obtain J.III,263 (?). pp. ajjita (q. v.). (Page 10),6,1
  911. 23371,en,15,ajjava,ajjava,Ajjava,Ajjava,(adj.-n.) [cp. Sk. ārjava,to <em>ṛju</em>,see uju] straight,upright (usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>maddava</i> gentle,soft) D.III,213; A.I,94; II,113; III,248; Sn.250 (+ maddava),292 (id.); J.III,274; Dhs.1339; Vbh.359 (an°); SnA 292 (= ujubhāva),317 (id.). (Page 10),6,1
  912. 23384,en,15,ajjavata,ajjavatā,Ajjavatā,Ajjavatā,(f.) [fr. prec.] straight forwardness,rectitude,uprightness Dhs.1339. (+ ajimhatā &#38; avaṅkatā). (Page 10),8,1
  913. 23393,en,15,ajjh-,ajjh-,Ajjh-,Ajjh-,Assimilation group of adhi + vowel. (Page 10),5,1
  914. 23406,en,15,ajjhabhasi,ajjhabhāsi,Ajjhabhāsi,Ajjhabhāsi,3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of <i>adhibhāseti</i> to address S.IV,117 (gāthāhi); KhV,= Sn.p. 46 (gāthāya); PvA.56,90. (Page 11),10,1
  915. 23417,en,15,ajjhabhava,ajjhābhava,Ajjhābhava,Ajjhābhava,[cp. Sk. adhyābhava] excessive power,predominance J.II,357. (Page 11),10,1
  916. 23423,en,15,ajjhabhavati,ajjhābhavati,Ajjhābhavati,Ajjhābhavati,[adhi + ā + <em>bhū</em>,in meaning of abhi + <em>bhu</em>] to predominate J.II,357. (Page 11),12,1
  917. 23429,en,15,ajjhabhavi,ajjhabhavi,Ajjhabhavi,Ajjhabhavi,3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of <i>adhibhavati</i> to conquer,overpower,overcome S.I,240 (prohib. mā vo kodho ajjhabhavi); J.II,336. Cp. ajjhabhu &#38; ajjhobhavati. (Page 11),10,1
  918. 23435,en,15,ajjhabhu,ajjhabhu,Ajjhabhu,Ajjhabhu,(3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of <i>adhibhavati</i> (q. v.) to overcome,conquer It.76 (dujjayaṃ a. he conquered him who is hard to conquer; v. l. ajjhabhi for ajjhabhavi). Cp. ajjhabhavi. (Page 11),8,1
  919. 23441,en,15,ajjhacara,ajjhācāra,Ajjhācāra,Ajjhācāra,[to adhi (ati?) + ā + <em>car</em>] 1. minor conduct (conduct of a bhikkhu as to those minor rules not included in the Pārājika’s or Saṅghādisesa’s) Vin.I,63 (see note in Vin. Texts,I.184. -- 2. flirtation Vin.III,128 (in the Old Cy as expl<sup>n</sup> of avabhāsati). -- 3. sexual intercourse J.I,396; V,327 (°cara v. l. for ajjhāvara); Miln.127 (an°). (Page 11),9,1
  920. 23463,en,15,ajjhacarati,ajjhācarati,Ajjhācarati,Ajjhācarati,[adhi (or ati?) + ā + <em>car</em>] 1. to conduct oneself according to Vin.II,301; M.I,523; Miln.266. -- 2. to flirt with (perhaps to embrace) J.IV,231 (aññam-aññaṃ). pp. <i>ajjhāciṇṇa</i>. See also accāvadati &#38; aticarati. (Page 11),11,1
  921. 23486,en,15,ajjhacinna,ajjhāciṇṇa,Ajjhāciṇṇa,Ajjhāciṇṇa,[pp. of ajjhācarati] habitually done Vin.II,80 sq.,301. (Page 11),10,1
  922. 23497,en,15,ajjhaga,ajjhagā,Ajjhagā,Ajjhagā,[adhi + agā 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. pret. of <i>adhigacchati</i> (q. v. for similar forms) he came to,got to,found,obtained,experienced S.I,12 (vimānaṃ); Sn.225 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at KhA 180 by vindi paṭilabhi),956 (ratiṃ; expl<sup>d.</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 457 by adhigacchi); It.69 (jātimaraṇaṃ); Dh.154 (taṇhānaṃ khayaṃ); Vv 32<sup>7</sup> (visesaṃ attained distinction; expl<sup>d.</sup> at VvA.135 by adhigata); 50<sup>21</sup> (amataṃ santiṃ; expl<sup>d.</sup> VvA.215 by v. l. SS adhigañchi,T. adhigacchati). (Page 10),7,1
  923. 23525,en,15,ajjhagare,ajjhāgāre,Ajjhāgāre,Ajjhāgāre,(adv.) [adhi + agāre,Loc. of agāra] at home,in one’s own house A.I,132 = It.109; A.II,70. (Page 11),9,1
  924. 23537,en,15,ajjhajiva,ajjhājīva,Ajjhājīva,Ajjhājīva,[adhi (ati?) + ā + <em>jīv</em>] too rigorous or strenuous a livelihood M.II,245 (+ adhipāṭimokkha). (Page 11),9,1
  925. 23550,en,15,ajjhapajjati,ajjhāpajjati,Ajjhāpajjati,Ajjhāpajjati,[adhi + ā + <em>pad</em>] to commit an offence,to incur,to become guilty of (Acc.) Vin.IV,237. pp. <i>ajjhāpanna</i> (q. v.). (Page 11),12,1
  926. 23562,en,15,ajjhapana,ajjhāpana,Ajjhāpana,Ajjhāpana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [ā + jhāpana fr. <em>kṣā</em>] burning,conflagration J.VI,311. (Page 11),9,1
  927. 23563,en,15,ajjhapana,ajjhāpana,Ajjhāpana,Ajjhāpana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr. Caus. II. of ajjheti] teaching of the sacred writ,instruction Miln.225. (Page 11),9,1
  928. 23577,en,15,ajjhapanna,ajjhāpanna,Ajjhāpanna,Ajjhāpanna,[pp. of adhi + āpajjati] become guilty of offence D.I,245; III,43; S.II,270; A.IV,277,280; V,178,181. <i>an°</i> guiltless,innocent Vin.I,103; D.III,46; S.II,194,269; A.V,181; Miln.401. For all passages except A.IV,277,280,cp. ajjhopanna. (Page 11),10,1
  929. 23594,en,15,ajjhapara,ajjhapara,Ajjhapara,Ajjhapara,S.V,218:substitute v. l. <i>accasara</i> (q. v.). (Page 11),9,1
  930. 23598,en,15,ajjhapatti,ajjhāpatti,Ajjhāpatti,Ajjhāpatti,(f.) [abstr. to ajjhāpajjati] incurring guilt Dhs.299 (an°). (Page 11),10,1
  931. 23610,en,15,ajjhapilita,ajjhāpīḷita,Ajjhāpīḷita,Ajjhāpīḷita,[adhi + ā + pīḷita] harassed,overpowered,tormented PvA.180 (khuppipāsāya by hunger &#38; thirst). (Page 11),11,1
  932. 23620,en,15,ajjhappatta,ajjhappatta,Ajjhappatta,Ajjhappatta,( &#38; Ajjhapatta) [adhi + ā + *prāpta] 1. having reached,approached,coming near to J.II,450; VI,566 (p; C. attano santikaṃ patta). -- 2. having fallen upon,attacked J.II,59; V,198 (p; C. <i>sampatta</i>) -- 3. attained,found,got Sn.1134 (= adhigacchi Nd<sup>2</sup>); J.III,296 (p. C. <i>sampatta</i>); V,158 (ajjhāpatta; C. <i>sampatta</i>). (Page 11),11,1
  933. 23639,en,15,ajjharuha,ajjhāruha,Ajjhāruha,Ajjhāruha,( &#38; <i>°rūha</i>) (adj.) [to adhi + ā + <em>ruh</em>] growing up over,overwhelming A.III,63 sq. = S.V,96; J.III,399. (Page 11),9,1
  934. 23654,en,15,ajjharuhati,ajjhārūhati,Ajjhārūhati,Ajjhārūhati,[adhi + ārohati cp. atyārohati] to rise into the air,to climb over,spread over S.I,221 = Nett 173 (= ajjhottharati SA; cp. Mrs. Rh. D. Kindred Sayings I.285). (Page 11),11,1
  935. 23664,en,15,ajjharulha,ajjhārūḷha,Ajjhārūḷha,Ajjhārūḷha,(adj.) [pp. of adhi + ā + <em>ruh</em>] grown up or high over J.III,399. (Page 11),10,1
  936. 23673,en,15,ajjhasaya,ajjhāsaya,Ajjhāsaya,Ajjhāsaya,[fr. adhi + ā + <em>śri</em>,orig. hanging on,leaning on,BSk. however adhyāśaya Divy 586] intention,desire,wish,disposition,bent D.II,224 (adj.:intent on,practising); J.I,88,90; II,352; V,382; DhsA.314,334; PvA.88,116,133 (adj. dān° intent on giving alms),168; Sdhp.219,518. Freq. in phrase <i>ajjhāsayânurūpa</i> according to his wish,as he wanted PvA.61,106,128. (Page 11),9,1
  937. 23715,en,15,ajjhasayata,ajjhāsayatā,Ajjhāsayatā,Ajjhāsayatā,(f.) [abstr. to ajjhāsaya] desire,longing PvA.127 (uḷār° great desire for c. Loc.). (Page 11),11,1
  938. 23727,en,15,ajjhasita,ajjhāsita,Ajjhāsita,Ajjhāsita,[pp. of adhi + ā + <em>śri</em>] intent on,bent on Miln.361 (jhān°). Cp. ajjhosita &#38; nissita. (Page 11),9,1
  939. 23740,en,15,ajjhatta,ajjhatta,Ajjhatta,Ajjhatta,(adj. -n.) [cp. Sk. adhyātma,cp. attā],that which is personal,subjective,arises from within (in contrast to anything outside,objective or impersonal); as adv. &#38; °interior,personal,inwardly (opp. <i>bahiddhā bāhira</i> etc. outward,outwardly); Cp. ajjhattika &#38; see Dhs. trsl. 272. ‹-› D.I,37 (subjective,inward,of the peace of the 2<sup>nd</sup> jhāna),70 = A.II,210; V,206 (inward happiness. a. sukkhaṃ = niyakajjhattaṃ attano santāne ti attho DA.I,183 cp. DhsA.169,338,361); S.I,70,169; II,.27 (kathaṃ kathī hoti is in inward doubt),40 (sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ); III,180 (id.); IV,1 sg. (āyatanāni),139,196; V,74 (<i>ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ajjhattaṃ</i> susaṇṭhitaṃ suvimuttaṃ a mind firm,inwardly well planted,quite set free),110,143,263,297,390; A.I,40 (rūpasaññī),272 (kāmacchanda etc.); II,158. (sukhadukkhaṃ),211; III,86 (cetosamatha),92 (vūpasantacitta); IV,32 (saṅkhittaṃ),57 (itthindriyaṃ),299 (cittaṃ),305 (rūpasaññī),360 (cetosamatha),437 (vūpasantacitta); V 79 sq.,335 sq. (sati); It.39 (cetosamatha inward peace),80,82,94; J.I,045 (chātajjhatta with hungry insides); V,338 (id.); Ps.I,76 (cakkhu etc.); Dhs.161 (= attano jātaṃ DhsA.169),204,1044; Pug.59; Vbh.1 sq. (khandhā),228 (sati),327 (paññā),342 (arūˊpasaññī). -- adv. <i>°ṃ</i> inwardly,personally (in contrast-pair <i>ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā;</i> see also cpd. °bahiddhā) A.I,284; II,171; IV,305; V,61; Sn.917 (= upajjhayassa vā ā ācariyassa vā te guṇā assū ti Nd<sup>1</sup> 350).<br><br> <i>--ārammaṇa</i> a subjective object of thought Dhs.1047. <i>--cintin</i> thought occupied with internal things Sn.174,388. <i>--bahiddhā</i> inside &#38; outside,personal-external,mutual,interacting S.II,252 sq.; III,47; IV,382; Nd<sup>2</sup> 15; Dhs.1049 etc. (see also bahiddhā). <i>--rata</i> with inward joy D.II,107 = S.V,263 = Dh.362 = Ud.64 (+ samāhita); Th.1,981; A.IV,312; DhA.IV,90 (= gocar’ajjhatta-saṅkhātāya kammaṭṭhāna-bhāvanāya rata). <i>--rūpa</i> one’s own or inner form Vin.III,113 (opp. bahiddhā-rūpa &#38; ajjh°-bah° r.). <i>--saññojana</i> an inner fetter,inward bond A.I,63 sq.; Pug.22; Vbh.361. <i>--santi</i> inner peace Sn.837 (= ajjhattānaṃ rāgādīnaṃ santibhāva SnA 545; cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 185). <i>--samuṭṭhāna</i> originating from within J.I,207 (of hiri; opp. bahiddhā°). (Page 10),8,1
  940. 23867,en,15,ajjhattika,ajjhattika,Ajjhattika,Ajjhattika,(adj.) [ajjhatta + ika],personal,inward (cp. Dhs.trsl. 207 &#38; Nd<sup>1</sup> 346:ajjhattikaṃ vuccati cittaṃ); opp. <i>bāhira</i> outward (q. v.). See also āyatana. -- M.I,62; S.I,73 (°ā rakkhā na bāhirā); IV,7 sq. (āyatanāni); V,101 (aṅga); A.I,16 (aṅga); II,164 (dhātuyo); III,400 (āyatanāni); V,52 (id.); It.114 (id.),9 (aṅga); Kh IV. (= KhA 82); J.IV,402 (bāhira-vatthuṃ ayācitvā ajjhattikassa nāmaṃ gaṇhati); Dhs.673,751; Vbh.13,67,82 sq.,119,131,392 sq. (Page 11),10,1
  941. 23912,en,15,ajjhavadati,ajjhāvadati,Ajjhāvadati,Ajjhāvadati,see <i>accāvadati</i>. (Page 11),11,1
  942. 23920,en,15,ajjhavara,ajjhāvara,Ajjhāvara,Ajjhāvara,[fr. adhi + ā + <em>var</em>] surrounding; waiting on,service,retinue J.V,322,324,326,327 (expl<sup>d</sup> at all passages by <i>parisā</i>). Should we read ajjhācara? Cp. ajjhācāra. (Page 11),9,1
  943. 23934,en,15,ajjhavasatar,ajjhāvasatar,Ajjhāvasatar,Ajjhāvasatar,[n. ag. to ajjhāvasati] one who inhabits D.I,63 (agāraṃ). (Page 11),12,1
  944. 23945,en,15,ajjhavasati,ajjhāvasati,Ajjhāvasati,Ajjhāvasati,[adhi + ā + <em>vas</em>] to inhabit (agāraṃ a house; i. e. to be settled or live the settled life of a householder) D.II,16; M.I,353; Vin.IV,224; J.I,50; Pug.57; Miln.348. -- pp. <i>ajjhāvuttha</i> (q. v.). (Page 11),11,1
  945. 23965,en,15,ajjhavodahi,ajjhavodahi,Ajjhavodahi,Ajjhavodahi,3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of <i>ajjhodahati</i> [Sk. adhyavadhāti] to put down J.V,365 (= odahi,ṭhapesi C.). Kern,Toev. s. v. proposes reading ajjhavādahi (= Sk. avādhāt). (Page 11),11,1
  946. 23973,en,15,ajjhavuttha,ajjhāvuttha,Ajjhāvuttha,Ajjhāvuttha,[cp. Sk. adhyuṣita; pp. of ajjhāvasati] inhabited,occupied (of a house) Vin.II,210; J.I,145; II,333; PvA.24 (°ghara); fig. (not) occupied by SnA 566 (= anosita). (Page 11),11,1
  947. 23999,en,15,ajjhayaka,ajjhāyaka,Ajjhāyaka,Ajjhāyaka,[cp. Sk. adhyāyaka,cp. ajjhayana] (a brahmin) engaged in learning the Veda (<i>mantajjhāyaka</i> J.VI,209; SnA 192),a scholar of the brahmanic texts,a studious,learned person D.I,88,120; III,94; A.I,163; III,223; Sn.140 (°kula:thus for ajjhāyakula Fsb.); Th.1,1171; J.I,3; VI,201,498; DA.I,247. (Page 11),9,1
  948. 24015,en,15,ajjhayana,ajjhayana,Ajjhayana,Ajjhayana,(nt.) [adhi + <em>i</em>] study (learning by heart) of the Vedas Miln.225. See also ajjhena. (Page 11),9,1
  949. 24033,en,15,ajjhena,ajjhena,Ajjhena,Ajjhena,(nt.) [Sk. adhyayana,see also ajjhayana] study (esp. of the Vedas) M.III,1; J.II,327 (as v. l. to be preferred to ajjhesanā); III,114 (= japa); V,10 (pl. = vede); VI,201 = 207; Vbh.353; SnA 314 (mant’).<br><br> <i>--kujja</i> (°kūta v. l.?) a hypocrite,a pharisee Sn.242; cp. SnA 286. (Page 12),7,1
  950. 24052,en,15,ajjhesana,ajjhesanā,Ajjhesanā,Ajjhesanā,(f.) [see ajjhesati] request,entreaty Vin.I,6 = D.II,38 = S.I,138; J.II,327 (better v. l. ajjhena). (Page 12),9,1
  951. 24065,en,15,ajjhesati,ajjhesati,Ajjhesati,Ajjhesati,(adhi + <em>iṣ</em><i>;</i> cp. BSk. adhyeṣate Divy 160] to request,ask,bid DhA.IV,18; aor. <i>ajjhesi</i> Vin.II,200; pp. <i>ajjhiṭṭha </i>&<i> ajjhesita</i> (q. v.),with which cp. pariyiṭṭha &#38; °esita. (Page 12),9,1
  952. 24078,en,15,ajjhesita,ajjhesita,Ajjhesita,Ajjhesita,[pp. of ajjhesati; cp. ajjhiṭṭha] requested,asked,bidden Nd<sup>2</sup> 16 (= ajjhiṭṭha). (Page 12),9,1
  953. 24098,en,15,ajjheti,ajjheti,Ajjheti,Ajjheti,[Sk. ādhyāyati,denom. fr. adhyāya] to be anxious about,to fret,worry Sn.948 (socati +); expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 433 by nijjhāyati,at SnA 568 by abhijjhati (gloss BB gijjhati). (Page 12),7,1
  954. 24111,en,15,ajjhittha,ajjhiṭṭha,Ajjhiṭṭha,Ajjhiṭṭha,[pp. of ajjhesati] requested,asked,invited Vin.I,113 (an° unbidden); D.II,289 (Buddhaghosa and text read ajjhitta); Sn.p. 218 (= ajjhesita Nd<sup>2</sup> 16); J.VI,292 (= āṇatta C.); DhA.IV,100 (v. l. abhijjhiṭṭha). See also an°. (Page 11),9,1
  955. 24122,en,15,ajjhobhavati,ajjhobhavati,Ajjhobhavati,Ajjhobhavati,[adhi + ava + <em>bhu</em>,Sk. abhi°] to overcome,overpower,destroy J.II,80 (aor. ajjhobhavi = adhibhavi C.). (Page 12),12,1
  956. 24131,en,15,ajjhogahati,ajjhogāhati,Ajjhogāhati,Ajjhogāhati,( &#38; °gāheti) [Sk. *abhyavagāhate; adhi (= abhi) + ava + <em>gāh</em>] to plunge into,to enter,to go into D.I,101 (vanaṃ),222 (samuddaṃ); M.I,359,536; A.III,75,368; IV,356; V,133; Vin.III,18; J.I,7; Nd<sup>1</sup> 152 (ogāhati +); Miln.87 (samuddaṃ); 300 (vanaṃ). -- pp. ajjhogāḷha (q. v.). Cp. pariyogāhati. (Page 12),11,1
  957. 24146,en,15,ajjhogalha,ajjhogāḷha,Ajjhogāḷha,Ajjhogāḷha,[pp. of ajjhogāhati] plunged into,immersed; having entered M.I,457; S.I,201; Miln.348. (Page 12),10,1
  958. 24161,en,15,ajjhohara,ajjhohāra,Ajjhohāra,Ajjhohāra,[Sk. abhyavahāra] 1. taking food,swallowing,eating &#38; drinking Vin.IV,233; Miln.176,366. -- 2. N. of a fabulous fish (swallower”; cp. timingala) J.V,462. (Page 13),9,1
  959. 24171,en,15,ajjhoharana,ajjhoharaṇa,Ajjhoharaṇa,Ajjhoharaṇa,(nt.) = ajjhohāra 1. A.V,324; J.VI,213. (Page 12),11,1
  960. 24180,en,15,ajjhoharaniya,ajjhoharaṇiya,Ajjhoharaṇiya,Ajjhoharaṇiya,(adj.) [grd. of ajjhoharati] something fit to eat,eatable,for eating J.VI,258; DhA.I,284. (Page 13),13,1
  961. 24192,en,15,ajjhoharati,ajjhoharati,Ajjhoharati,Ajjhoharati,[Sk. abhyavaharati; adhi (= abhi) + ava + <em>hṛ</em>] to swallow,eat,take as food M.I,245; J.I,460; II,293; VI,205,213; Miln.366; PvA.283 (aor.) --pp. <i>ajjhohaṭa</i> (q.v.). (Page 13),11,1
  962. 24218,en,15,ajjhohata,ajjhohata,Ajjhohata,Ajjhohata,[pp. of ajjhoharati] having swallowed Sdhp.610 (balisaṃ maccho viya:like a fish the fishhook). (Page 12),9,1
  963. 24235,en,15,ajjhokasa,ajjhokāsa,Ajjhokāsa,Ajjhokāsa,[adhi + okāsa] the open air,only in Loc. <i>ajjhokāse</i> in the open Vin.I,15; S.I,212; DhA.IV,100. (Page 12),9,1
  964. 24255,en,15,ajjholambati,ajjholambati,Ajjholambati,Ajjholambati,[adhi + ava + <em>lamb</em>] to hang or hold on to (Acc.),to cling to S III 137; M.III,164 = Nett 179,cp. Sdhp.284 &#38; 296. (Page 12),12,1
  965. 24261,en,15,ajjhomaddati,ajjhomaddati,Ajjhomaddati,Ajjhomaddati,[adhi + ava + <em>mṛd</em>] to crush down A.IV,191,193. (Page 12),12,1
  966. 24267,en,15,ajjhomucchita,ajjhomucchita,Ajjhomucchita,Ajjhomucchita,[pp. adhi + ava + <em>mūrch</em>,cp. adhimuccita] stiffened out (in a swoon),lying in a faint (?) A.III,57 sq. (v. l. ajjhomuñcïta or °muccita better:sarīre attached to her body,clinging to her b.). (Page 12),13,1
  967. 24272,en,15,ajjhopanna,ajjhopanna,Ajjhopanna,Ajjhopanna,(?) only found in one stock phrase,viz. gathita (q. v.) mucchita ajjhopanna with ref. to selfishness,greed,bonds of craving. The reading <i>ajjhopanna</i> is the lectio difficilior,but the accredited reading <i>ajjhosāna</i> seems to be clearer and to harmonize better with the cognate ajjhosita &#38; ajjhosāna (n.) in the same context. The confusion between the two is old-standing and hard to be accounted for. Trenckner under v. l. to M.I,162 on p. 543 gives ajjhopanna as BB (= adhi-opanna). The MSS. of Nd<sup>2</sup> clearly show ajjhopanna as inferior reading,which may well be attributable to the very frequent SS sub‹-› stitution of p for s (see Nd<sup>2</sup> Introd. XIX.). Besides this mixture of vv. ll. with s and p there is another confusion between the vv. ll. <i>ajjhāpanna</i> and <i>ajjhopanna</i> which adds to the complication of the case. However since the evidence of a better reading between these two preponderates for ajjhopanna we may consider the o as established,and,with a little more clearness to be desired,may in the end decide for <i>ajjhosāna</i> (q. v.),which in this case would have been liable to change through analogy with ajjhāpanna,from which it took the ā and p. Cp. also ajjhosita. The foll. is a synopsis of readings as preferred or confused by the Ed. of the var. texts. -- 1. <i>ajjhopanna</i> as T. reading:M.I,162,173,369; A.I,74; II,28; III,68,242; Md 75,76; DA.I,59; <i>as v</i>.<i> l</i>.<i>:</i> D.I,245. ‹-› 2. <i>ajjhosāna as v</i>.<i> l</i>.<i>:</i> A.I,74 (C. expl<sup>s.</sup> ajjhosāya gilitvā ṭhita); Nd<sup>2</sup> under nissita &#38; passim; Ud.75,76 (ajjhosanna); DA.I,59 (id.). -- 3. <i>ajjhāpanna</i> as T. reading:D.I,245; III,43,46; S. II,194,270:IV.332 (ajjhapaṇṇa); A.V,178,181; Nd<sup>2</sup> under nissita; Miln.401; <i>as v</i>.<i> l</i>.<i>:</i> M.I,162; A.III,242; Ud.75,76. (Page 12),10,1
  968. 24278,en,15,ajjhosa,ajjhosa,Ajjhosa,Ajjhosa,= ajjhosāya,in verse only as <i>ajjhosa tiṭṭhati</i> to cleave or cling to S.IV,73; Th.1,98,794. (Page 12),7,1
  969. 24286,en,15,ajjhosana,ajjhosāna,Ajjhosāna,Ajjhosāna,(nt.) cleaving to (earthly joys),attachment,D.II,58 sq.; III,289; M.I,498 (+ abhinandana); S.III,187; A.I,66; II,11 (diṭṭhi°,kāma° + taṇhā). In comb<sup>n.</sup> with (icchā) and mucchā at Nd<sup>2</sup> under chanda &#38; nissita and taṇhā (see also ajjhopanna),and at Dhs.1059 of lābha,(the expl<sup>n.</sup> at DhsA.363,370,from as to eat,is popular etym.) Nett 23 sq. (of taṇhā). (Page 12),9,1
  970. 24304,en,15,ajjhosati,ajjhosati,Ajjhosati,Ajjhosati,[adhi + ava + sayati,<em>sā</em>,to bind,pp. sita:see ajjhosita] to be bound to,to be attached,bent on; to desire,cleave to,indulge in. Fut. <i>ajjhosissati</i> (does it belong here?) M.I,328 (c. Acc. paṭhaviṃ,better as ajjhesati). grd. <i>ajjhositabha</i> M.I,109 (+ abhinanditabba,v. l. °etabba); DhsA.5 (id.); ger. <i>ajjhosāya</i> (q. v.) pp. <i>ajjhosita</i> (q. v.). (Page 12),9,1
  971. 24310,en,15,ajjhosaya,ajjhosāya,Ajjhosāya,Ajjhosāya,[ger. of ajjhosati,cp. BSk. adhyavasāya tiṣṭhati Divy 37,534] being tied to,hanging on,attached to,only in phrase <i>a</i>.<i> tiṭṭhati</i> (+ abhinandati,same in Divy) M.I,266; S. IV.36 sq.; 60,71 sq.; Miln.69. See also <i>ajjhosa</i>. (Page 12),9,1
  972. 24318,en,15,ajjhosita,ajjhosita,Ajjhosita,Ajjhosita,[cp. Sk. adhyavasita,from adhi + ava + <em>sā</em>; but sita is liable to confusion with sita = Sk. śrita,also through likeness of meaning with esita; see ajjhāsita &#38; ajjhesita] hanging on,cleaving to,being bent on,(c. Loc.) S.II,94 (+ mamāyita); A.II,25 (diṭṭha suta muta +); Nd<sup>1</sup> 75,106,163 = Nd<sup>2</sup> under nissita; Th.2,470 (asāre = taṇhāvasena abhiniviṭṭha ThA.284); Pv IV.8<sup>4</sup> (mayhaṃ ghare = taṇhābhinivisena abhiniviṭṭha PvA.267; v. l. BB ajjhesita,SS ajjhāsita). <i>--an°</i> S.IV,213; V,319; Nd<sup>1</sup> 411; Miln.74 (pabbajita). (Page 12),9,1
  973. 24330,en,15,ajjhothapeti,ajjhoṭhapeti,Ajjhoṭhapeti,Ajjhoṭhapeti,[adhi + ava + ṭhapeti,Caus. of <em>sthā</em>] to bring to PvA.148 (gāmaṃ),where we should read °ṭṭhapeti. (Page 12),12,1
  974. 24349,en,15,ajjhottharati,ajjhottharati,Ajjhottharati,Ajjhottharati,[adhi + ava + <em>stṛ</em>] to cover over,spread out,spread over,cover; to submerge,flood Vin.I,111; J.I,61,72,73; Miln.296,336; Dh.I,264; Pass. <i>°tthariyati</i> to be overrun with (Instr.),to be smothered,to be flooded A.III,92 = Pug.67; aor. <i>ajjhotthari</i> VvA.48 (gāmapadeso:was flooded). pp. <i>ajjhotthata</i> (q. v.). (Page 12),13,1
  975. 24379,en,15,ajjhotthata,ajjhotthata,Ajjhotthata,Ajjhotthata,[pp. of ajjhottharati] spread over; covered,filled; overcome,crushed,overpowered J.I,363 (ajjhottaṭa),410; V,91 (= adhipanna); DhA.I,278; PvA.55; Dāvs.V,5. (Page 12),11,1
  976. 24392,en,15,ajjhupagacchati,ajjhupagacchati,Ajjhupagacchati,Ajjhupagacchati,[adhi + upa + <em>gam</em>] to come to,to reach,obtain; to consent to,agree,submit Th.2,474 (= sampaṭicchati ThA.285); J.II,403; Miln.300; pp. <i>ajjhupagata</i> (q. v.). (Page 11),15,1
  977. 24402,en,15,ajjhupagamana,ajjhupagamana,Ajjhupagamana,Ajjhupagamana,(nt.) [adhi + upa + <em>gam</em>] consent,agreement,justification Vin.II,97,104. (Page 11),13,1
  978. 24416,en,15,ajjhupagata,ajjhupagata,Ajjhupagata,Ajjhupagata,[pp. of ajjhupagacchati] come to,obtained,reached A.V,87,cp. 210; V,187 sq. (Page 11),11,1
  979. 24426,en,15,ajjhupaharati,ajjhupaharati,Ajjhupaharati,Ajjhupaharati,[adhi + upa + <em>hṛ</em><i>;</i> cp. upaharati] to take (food) to oneself J.II,293 (aor. ajjhupāhari = ajjhohari C.). (Page 11),13,1
  980. 24447,en,15,ajjhupekkhana,ajjhupekkhana,Ajjhupekkhana,Ajjhupekkhana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [abstr. from ajjhupekkhati] care,diligence,attention Ps.I,16; II,119; Vbh.230 sq.; DhA.IV,3. (Page 12),13,1
  981. 24476,en,15,ajjhupekkhati,ajjhupekkhati,Ajjhupekkhati,Ajjhupekkhati,[adhi + upa + <em>ikṣ</em><i>;</i> cp. BSk. adhyupekṣati] 1. to look on A.I,257; Miln.275. -- 2. to look on intently or with care,to oversee,to take care of A.IV,45 (kaṭṭh’aggi,has to be looked after); PvA.149 (sisaṃ colaṃ vā). -- 3. to look on indifferently to be indifferent,to neglect Vin.II,78 = III,162,cp. J.I,147; M.I,155; II,223; A.III,194,435; J.V,229; DhA.IV,125. (Page 11),13,1
  982. 24508,en,15,ajjhupekkhitar,ajjhupekkhitar,Ajjhupekkhitar,Ajjhupekkhitar,[n. ag. to ajjhupekkhati] one who looks on (carefully),one who takes care or controls,an overseer,caretaker S.V,69 (sādhukaṃ),324 (id.),331 sq.; Vbh.227. (Page 12),14,1
  983. 24524,en,15,ajjhupeti,ajjhupeti,Ajjhupeti,Ajjhupeti,[cp. Sk. abhyupeti; adhi + upa + <em>i</em>] to go to meet,to receive J.IV,440. (Page 12),9,1
  984. 24532,en,15,ajjita,ajjita,Ajjita,Ajjita,[pp. of ajjati] obtained Sdhp.98. (Page 10),6,1
  985. 24547,en,15,ajjuka,ajjuka,Ajjuka,Ajjuka,[*Sk. arjaka] N. of a plant,Ocimum Gratissimum Vin.IV,35; DA.I,81 (all MSS. have ajjaka). (Page 10),6,1
  986. 24552,en,15,ajjukanna,ajjukaṇṇa,Ajjukaṇṇa,Ajjukaṇṇa,[*Sk. arjakarṇa] N. of a tree Pentaptera Tomentosa J.VI,535 (nn). (Page 10),9,1
  987. 24566,en,15,ajjuna,ajjuna,Ajjuna,Ajjuna,[Vedic arjuna,to <em>raj</em>; cp. Gr. a)rgόs white,a)ρguros silver,Lat. argentum] the tree Pentaptera Arjuna J.VI,535; DhA.I,105 (°rukkha). (Page 10),6,1
  988. 24596,en,15,ajjunho,ajjuṇho,Ajjuṇho,Ajjuṇho,(adv.) [haplology fr. ajja-juṇho; see juṇhā] this moonlight night Vin.I,25; IV,80. (Page 10),7,1
  989. 24623,en,15,akaca,akāca,Akāca,Akāca,(adj.) [a + kāca] pure,flawless,clear D.II,244; Sn.476; J.V,203. (Page 1),5,1
  990. 24632,en,15,akacin,akācin,Akācin,Akācin,(adj.) = <i>akāca</i> Vv 60<sup>1</sup>. Kern (Toevoegselen s. v.) proposes reading <i>akkācin</i> (= Sk. arka-arcin shining as the sun),but VvA.253 expl<sup>s</sup> by <i>niddosa</i>,and there is no v. l. to warrant a misreading. (Page 1),6,1
  991. 24648,en,15,akaddhana,ākaḍḍhana,Ākaḍḍhana,Ākaḍḍhana,(nt.) [fr. ākaḍḍhati] drawing away or to,pulling out,distraction VvA.212 (°parikaḍḍhana pulling about); DhsA.363; Miln.154 (°parikaḍḍhana),352. -- As f. Vin.III,121. (Page 93),9,1
  992. 24673,en,15,akaddhati,ākaḍḍhati,Ākaḍḍhati,Ākaḍḍhati,[ā + kaḍḍhati] to pull along,pull to (oneself),drag or draw out,pull up Vin.II,325 (Bdhgh. for apakassati,see under apakāsati); IV,219; J.I,172,192,417; Miln.102,135; ThA.117 (°eti); VvA.226; PvA.68. ‹-› Pass. <i>ākaḍḍhiyati</i> J.II,122 (°amāna-locana with eyes drawn away or attracted); Miln.102; Vism.163; VvA.207 (°amāna-hadaya with torn heart). -- pp. <i>ākaḍḍhita</i>. (Page 93),9,1
  993. 24686,en,15,akaddhita,ākaḍḍhita,Ākaḍḍhita,Ākaḍḍhita,[pp. of akaḍḍheti] pulled out,dragged along; upset,overthrown J.III,256 (= akkhitta<sup>2</sup>). (Page 93),9,1
  994. 24839,en,15,akalu,akalu,Akalu,Akalu,(cp. <i>agalu</i>) an ointment J.IV,440 (<i>akaluñ candanañ</i> ca,v. l. BB <i>aggaluṃ</i>; C. expl<sup>s</sup> as <i>kālâkaluñ ca rattacandanañ ca</i>,thus implying a blacking or dark ointment); VI,144 (<i>°candana-vilitta</i>; v. l. BB <i>aggalu°</i>); Miln.338 (<i>°tagara-tālīsaka-lohita-candana</i>). (Page 1),5,1
  995. 25006,en,15,akampita,ākampita,Ākampita,Ākampita,[pp. of ākampeti,Caus. of ā + <em>kamp</em>] shaking,trembling Miln.154 (°hadaya). (Page 93),8,1
  996. 25034,en,15,akampiyatta,akampiyatta,Akampiyatta,Akampiyatta,(nt.) [abstr. fr. akampiya,grd. of a + kampati] the condition of not being shaken,stableness Miln.354. (Page 1),11,1
  997. 25103,en,15,akankha,ākaṅkhā,Ākaṅkhā,Ākaṅkhā,f. [fr. ā + <em>kāṅkṣ</em>] longing,wish; as adj. at Th.1,1030. (Page 93),7,1
  998. 25142,en,15,akankhati,ākaṅkhati,Ākaṅkhati,Ākaṅkhati,[ā + <em>kāṅkṣ</em>,cp. <i>kaṅkhati</i>] to wish for,think of,desire; intend,plan,design Vin.II,244 (°amāna); D.I,78,176; S.I,46; Sn.569 (°amāna); Sn.p. 102 (= icchati SnA 436); DhA.I,29; SnA 229; VvA.149; PvA.229. (Page 93),9,1
  999. 25189,en,15,akantana,ākantana,Ākantana,Ākantana,(?) a possible reading,for the dürakantana of the text at Th.1,1123,for which we might read durākantana. (Page 93),8,1
  1000. 25206,en,15,akappa,ākappa,Ākappa,Ākappa,[cp. Sk. ākalpa ā + kappa] 1. attire,appearance,Vin.I,44 (an°) = II.213; J.I,505. -- 2. deportment Dhs.713 (ā° gamanādi-ākāro DhsA.321).<br><br> <i>--sampanna</i>,suitably attired,well dressed,A.III,78; J.IV,542; <i>an° sampanna</i>,ill dressed,J.I,420. (Page 93),6,1
  1001. 25395,en,15,akara,ākara,Ākara,Ākara,[cp. Sk. ākara] a mine,usually in cpd. <i>ratan-ākara</i> a mine of jewels Th.1,1049; J.II,414; VI,459; Dpvs.I,18. -- Cp. also Miln.356; VvA.13. (Page 93),5,1
  1002. 25406,en,15,akara,ākāra,Ākāra,Ākāra,[a + karoti,<em>kṛ</em>] “the (way of) making”,i. e. (1) state,condition J.I,237 (avasan° condition of inhabitability); II,154 (patan° state of falling,labile equilibrium),cp. paṇṇ°. -- (2) property,quality,attribute D.I,76 (anāvila sabb°-sampanna endowed with all good qualities,of a jewel); II,157 (°varûpeta); J.II,352 (sabb° paripuṇṇa altogether perfect in qualities). -- (3) sign,appearance,form,D.I,175; J.I,266 (chātak° sign of hunger); Miln.24 (°ena by the sign of . .); VvA.27 (therassa ā. form of the Th.); PvA.90,283 (rañño ā. the king’s person); Sdhp.363. -- (4) way,mode,manner,<i>sa-ākāra</i> in all their modes D.I,13 = 82 = III,111; J.I,266 (āgaman° the mode of his coming). Esp. in Instr. sg. &#38; pl. with num. or pron. (in this way,in two ways etc.):chah’ākārehi in a sixfold manner Nd<sup>2</sup> 680 (cp. kāraṇehi in same sense); Nett 73,74 (dvādasah’ākārehi); Vism.613 (navah’ākārehi indriyāni tikkhāni bhavanti); PvA.64 (yen’ākārena āgato ten’ākārena gato as he came so he went),99 (id.). ‹-› (5) reason,ground,account D.I,138,139; Nett 4,8 sq.,38; DhA.I,14; KhA 100 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of evaṃ). In this meaning freq. with <i>dass</i> (dasseti,dassana,nidassana etc.) in commentary style “what is meant by”,the (statement of) reason why or of,notion,idea PvA.26 (dātabb°dassana),27 (thoman°-dassana),75 (kāruññ °ṃ dassesi),121 (pucchan°-nidassanaṃ what has been asked); SnA 135 (°nidassana).<br><br> <i>--parivitakka</i> study of conditions,careful consideration,examination of reasons S.II,115; IV,138; A.II,191 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 151. (Page 93),5,1
  1003. 25437,en,15,akaraka,ākāraka,Ākāraka,Ākāraka,(nt.) [ākāra + ka] appearance; reason,manner (cp. ākāra<sup>4</sup>) J.I,269 (ākārakena = kāraṇena C.). (Page 93),7,1
  1004. 25563,en,15,akaravant,ākāravant,Ākāravant,Ākāravant,(adj.) [fr. ākāra] having a reason,reasonable,founded M.I,401 (saddhā). (Page 93),9,1
  1005. 25659,en,15,akasa,ākāsa,Ākāsa,Ākāsa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.?) a game,playing chess “in the air” (sans voir) Vin.II,10 = D.I,6 (= aṭṭhapada-dasapadesu viya ākāse yeva kiḷanaṃ DA.I,85). (Page 93),5,1
  1006. 25660,en,15,akasa,ākāsa,Ākāsa,Ākāsa,<sup>1</sup> [Sk. ākāśa fr. ā + <em>kāś</em>,lit. shining forth,i. e. the illuminated space] air,sky,atmosphere; space. On the concept see Cpd. 5,16,226. On a fanciful etym. of ākāsa (fr. ā + kassati of <em>kṛṣ</em>) at DhsA.325 see Dhs.trsl. 178. ‹-› D.I,55 (°ṃ indriyāni saṅkamanti the sense-faculties pass into space); III,224,253,262,265; S.III,207; IV,218; V,49,264; J.I,253; II,353; III,52,188; IV,154; VI,126; Sn.944,1065; Nd<sup>1</sup> 428; Pv.II,1<sup>18</sup>; SnA 110,152; PvA.93; Sdhp.42,464. <i>--ākāsena</i> gacchati to go through the air PvA.75 (āgacch°),103,105,162; °ena carati id. J.II,103; °e gacchati id. PvA.65 (cando). -- Formula <i>“ananto ākāso”</i> freq.; e. g. at D.I,183; A.II,184; IV,40,410 sq.; V,345.<br><br> <i>--anta</i> “the end of the sky”,the sky,the air (on °anta see anta<sup>1</sup> 4) J.VI,89. <i>--ānañca</i> (or <i>ânañca</i>) the infinity ef space,in cpd. °āyatana the sphere or plane of the infinity of space,the “space-infinity-plane”,the sphere of unbounded space. The consciousness of this sphere forms the first one of the 4 (or 6) higher attainments or recognitions of the mind,standing beyond the fourth jhāna,viz. (1) ākās°,(2) viññāṇ’ānañc-āyatana (3) ākiñcaññ°,(4) n’eva saññānâsaññ°,(5) nirodha,(6) phala. -- D.I,34,183; II,70,112,156; III,224,262 sq.; M.I,41,159.; III,27,44; S.V,119; Ps.I,36; Dhs.205,501,579,1418; Nett 26,39; Vism.326,340,453; DA.I,120 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> under ākāsa; Dhs.265 sq.; Dhs.trsl. 71). As classed with jhāna see also Nd<sup>2</sup> 672 (sādhu-vihārin). <i>--kasiṇa</i> one of the kasiṇ’āyatanas (see under kasiṇa) D.III,268; A.I,41. <i>--gaṅgā</i> N. of the celestial river J.I,95; III,344. <i>--gamana</i> going through the air (as a trick of elephants) Miln.201. <i>--cārika</i> walking through the air J.II,103. <i>--cārin</i> = °cārika VvA.6. <i>--ṭṭha</i> living in the sky (of devatā) Bu I.29; Miln.181,285; KhA 120; SnA 476. <i>--tala</i> upper story,terrace on the top of a palace SnA 87. <i>--dhātu</i> the element of space D.III,247; M.I,423; III,31; A.I,176; III,34; Dhs.638. (Page 93),5,1
  1007. 25734,en,15,akasaka,ākāsaka,Ākāsaka,Ākāsaka,(adj.) [ākāsa + ka] being in or belonging to the air or sky J.VI,124. (Page 93),7,1
  1008. 25885,en,15,akasati,ākāsati,Ākāsati,Ākāsati,[fr. ākāsa<sup>1</sup>] to shine J.VI,89. (Page 94),7,1
  1009. 25946,en,15,akasiya,akāsiya,Akāsiya,Akāsiya,(adj. -n.) [a + kāsika?] “not from the Kāsī-country” (?); official name of certain tax-gatherers in the king’s service J.VI,212 (<i>akāsiya-saṅkhātā rāja-purisā</i> C.). (Page 1),7,1
  1010. 25956,en,15,akassati,ākassati,Ākassati,Ākassati,[ā + kassati] to draw along,draw after,plough,cultivate Nd<sup>1</sup> 428. (Page 93),8,1
  1011. 25972,en,15,akata,akaṭa,Akaṭa,Akaṭa,(adj.) [a + kaṭa] not made,not artificial,natural; <i>°yūsa</i> natural juice Vin.I,206. (Page 1),5,1
  1012. 26309,en,15,akhandaphulla,akhaṇḍaphulla,Akhaṇḍaphulla,Akhaṇḍaphulla,see <i>khaṇḍa</i>. (Page 3),13,1
  1013. 26330,en,15,akhata,akhāta,Akhāta,Akhāta,(adj.) not dug:see <i>khāta</i>. (Page 3),6,1
  1014. 26358,en,15,akhetta,akhetta,Akhetta,Akhetta,barren-soil:see <i>khetta</i>. -- In cpd. <i>°ññu</i> the neg. belongs to the whole:not knowing a good field (for alms) J.IV,371. (Page 3),7,1
  1015. 26410,en,15,akhu,ākhu,Ākhu,Ākhu,[Vedic ākhu,fr. ā + <i>khan</i>,lit. the digger in,i. e. a mole; but given as rat or mouse by Halāyudha] a mouse or rat Pgdp 10. (Page 94),4,1
  1016. 26476,en,15,akiccakara,akiccakāra,Akiccakāra,Akiccakāra,(adj.) [a + kicca + kāra] 1. not doing one’s duty,doing what ought not to be done A.II,67; Dh.292; Miln.66; DA.I,296. -- 2. ineffective (of medicine) Miln.151. (Page 1),10,1
  1017. 26528,en,15,akilasu,akilāsu,Akilāsu,Akilāsu,(adj.) [a + kilāsu] not lazy,diligent,active,untiring S.I,47; V,162; J.I,109; Miln.382. (Page 1),7,1
  1018. 26542,en,15,akilayati,ākilāyati,Ākilāyati,Ākilāyati,v. l. at KhA 66 for āgilāyati. (Page 94),9,1
  1019. 26589,en,15,akincanna,ākiñcañña,Ākiñcañña,Ākiñcañña,(nt.) [abstr. fr. akiñcana] state of having nothing,absence of (any) possessions; nothingness (the latter as philosophical t. t.; cp. below °āyatana &#38; see Dhs.trsl. 74). -- Sn.976,1070,1115 (°sambhava,cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 116); Th.2,341 (= akiñcanabhāva ThA.240; trsl. “cherish no wordly wishes whatsoëer”); Nd<sup>2</sup> 115,see ākāsa; Miln.342.<br><br> <i>--āyatana</i> realm or sphere of nothingness (cp. ākāsa°) D.I,35,184; II,156; III,224,253,262 sq.; M.I,41,165; II,254,263; III,28,44,S.IV,217; A.I,268; IV,40,401; Ps.I,36; Nett 26,39; Vism.333. See also jhāna &#38; vimokkha. (Page 94),9,1
  1020. 26672,en,15,akinna,ākiṇṇa,Ākiṇṇa,Ākiṇṇa,[pp. of ākirati] 1. strewn over,beset with,crowded,full of,dense,rich in (°-) Vin.III,130 (°loma with dense hair); S.I,204 (°kammanta “in motley tasks engaged”); IV,37 (gāmanto ā. bhikkhūhi etc.); A.III,104 (°vihāro); IV,4; V,15 (an° C. for appakiṇṇa); Sn.408 (°varalakkhaṇa = <i>vipula-</i>varalakkh° SnA 383); Pv.II,12<sup>4</sup> (nānā-dijagaṇ° = āyutta PvA.157); Pug.31; PvA.32 (= parikiṇṇa); Sdhp.595. -- Freq. in idiomatic phrase describing a flourishing city “iddha phīta bahujana ākiṇṇa-manussa”,e. g. D.I,211; II,147 (°yakkha for °manussa; full of yakkhas,i. e. under their protection); A.III,215; cp. Miln.2 (°jana-manussa). -- 2. (uncertain whether to be taken as above 1 or as equal to avakiṇṇa fr. avakirati 2) dejected,base,vile,ruthless S.I,205 = J.III,309 = 539 = SnA 383. At K. S. 261,Mrs. Rh. D. translates “ruthless” &#38; quotes C. as implying twofold exegesis of (a) impure,and (b) hard,ruthless. It is interesting to notice that Bdhgh. explains the same verse differently at SnA 383,viz. by <i>vipula°</i>,as above under Sn.408, &#38; takes ākiṇṇaludda as vipulaludda,i. e. beset with cruelty,very or intensely cruel,thus referring it to ākiṇṇa 1. (Page 94),6,1
  1021. 26727,en,15,akirati,ākirati,Ākirati,Ākirati,[ā + kirati] to strew over,scatter,sprinkle,disperse,fill,heap Sn.665; Dh.313; Pv.II,4<sup>9</sup> (dānaṃ vipulaṃ ākiri = vippakirati PvA.92); Miln.175,238,323 (imper. ākirāhi); Sn.383. -- pp. ākiṇṇa. (Page 94),7,1
  1022. 26741,en,15,akiritatta,ākiritatta,Ākiritatta,Ākiritatta,(nt.) [ākirita + tta; abstr. fr. ākirita,pp. of ākirati Caus.] the fact or state of being filled or heaped with Miln.173 (sakataṃ dhaññassa ā). (Page 94),10,1
  1023. 26753,en,15,akiriya,akiriya,Akiriya,Akiriya,(adj.) [a + kiriya] not practical,unwise,foolish J.III,530 (<i>°rūpa = akattabba-rūpa</i> C.); Miln.250. (Page 1),7,1
  1024. 26796,en,15,akissava,akissava,Akissava,Akissava,at S.I,149 is probably faulty reading for <i>akiñcana</i>. (Page 1),8,1
  1025. 26853,en,15,akka,akka,Akka,Akka,[cp. Sk. arka] N. of a plant:Calotropis Gigantea,swallow-wort M.I,429 (<i>°assa jiyā</i> bowstrings made from that plant).<br><br> <i>--nāla</i> a kind of dress material Vin.I,306 (vv. ll. agga° &#38; akkha°). <i>--vāṭa</i> a kind of gate to a plantation,a movable fence made of the akka plant Vin.II,154 (cp. akkha-vāṭa). (Page 1),4,1
  1026. 26873,en,15,akkamana,akkamana,Akkamana,Akkamana,(nt.) [cp. BSk. ākramaṇa Jtm 31<sup>58</sup>] going near,approaching,stepping upon,walking to J.I,62. (Page 1),8,1
  1027. 26901,en,15,akkamati,akkamati,Akkamati,Akkamati,[ā + kamati,<em>kram</em>] to tread upon,to approach,attack J.I,7,279; ThA.9; -- to rise Vin.III,38. -- ger. <i>akkamma</i> Cp. III,7<sup>2</sup>. -- pp. <i>akkanta</i> (q. v.). (Page 1),8,1
  1028. 26954,en,15,akkandati,akkandati,Akkandati,Akkandati,[ā + kandati,<em>krand</em>] to lament,wail,cry S.IV,206. (Page 1),9,1
  1029. 26965,en,15,akkanta,akkanta,Akkanta,Akkanta,[pp. of akkamati] stepped upon,mounted on A.I,8; J.I,71; Miln.152; DhA.I,200. (Page 1),7,1
  1030. 27010,en,15,akkha,akkha,Akkha,Akkha,<sup>3</sup> (adj.) (-°) [to akkhi] having eyes,with eyes PvA.39 (BB. <i>rattakkha</i> with eyes red from weeping,gloss on <i>assumukha</i>). Prob. <i>akkhaṇa</i> is connected with <i>akkha</i>. (Page 2),5,1
  1031. 27011,en,15,akkha,akkha,Akkha,Akkha,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic akṣa,prob. to akṣi &#38; Lat. oculus,“that which has eyes” i. e. a die; cp. also Lat. ālea game at dice (fr.* asclea?)] a die D.I,6 (but expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,86 as ball-game:<i>guḷakīḷa</i>); S.I,149 = A.V,171 = Sn.659 (<i>appamatto ayaṃ kali yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo</i>); J.I,379 (<i>kūṭ°</i> a false player,sharper,cheat) <i>anakkha</i> one who is not a gambler J.V,116 (C.:<i>ajūtakara</i>). Cp. also <i>accha<sup>3</sup></i>.<br><br> <i>--dassa</i> (cp. Sk. akṣadarśaka) one who looks at (i. e. examines) the dice,an umpire,a judge Vin.III,47; Miln.114,327,343 (dhamma-nagare). <i>--dhutta</i> one who has the vice of gambling D.II,348; III,183; M.III,170; Sn.106 (+ itthidhutta &#38; surādhutta). <i>--vāṭa</i> fence round an arena for wrestling J.IV,81. (? read akka-). (Page 2),5,1
  1032. 27012,en,15,akkha,akkha,Akkha,Akkha,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic akṣa; Av. aša; Gr. a)/cwn a(/maca ohariot with one axle); Lat. axis; Ohg. etc. ahsa,E. axle,to root of Lat. ago,Sk. <em>aj</em>] the axle of a wheel D.II,96; S.V,6; A.I,112; J.I,109,192; V,155 (<i>akkhassa phalakaṃ yathā;</i> C.:<i>suvaṇṇaphalakaṃ viya</i>,i. e. shiny,like the polished surface of an axle); Miln.27 (+ <i>īsā + cakka)</i>,277 <i>(atibhārena sakaṭassa akkho bhijjati:</i> the axle of the cart breaks when the load is too heavy); PvA.277. <i>--akkhaṃ abbhañjati</i> to lubricate the axle S.IV,177; Miln.367.<br><br> <i>--chinna</i> one whose axle is broken; with broken axle S.I,57; Miln.67. <i>--bhagga</i> with a broken axle J.V,433. <i>--bhañjana</i> the breaking of the axle DhA.I,375; PvA.277. (Page 2),5,1
  1033. 27088,en,15,akkhaka,akkhaka,Akkhaka,Akkhaka,[akkha<sup>1</sup> + ka] the collar-bone Vin.IV,213 (<i>adhakkhakaṃ</i>); V,216. (Page 2),7,1
  1034. 27144,en,15,akkhana,akkhaṇa,Akkhaṇa,Akkhaṇa,[a + khaṇa,BSk. akṣaṇa AvŚ I.291 = 332] wrong time,bad luck,misadventure,misfortune. There are 9 enum<sup>d</sup> at D.III,263; the usual set consists of 8; thus D.III,287; VvA.193; Sdhp.4 sq. See also <i>khaṇa</i>.<br><br> <i>--vedhin</i> (adj. n.) a skilled archer,one who shoots on the moment,i. e. without losing time,expl<sup>d</sup> as one who shoots without missing (the target) or as quickly as lightning <i>(akkhaṇa = vijju)</i>. In var. comb<sup>ns</sup>.; mostly as <i>durepātin</i> a. A.I,284 (+ <i>mahato kāyassa padāletā</i>); II,170 sq. (id.),202; IV,423,425; J.II,91 (expl<sup>d</sup> as either “<i>avirādhita‹11›--vedhī</i>” or “<i>akkhaṇaṃ vuccati vijju</i>”:one who takes and shoots his arrows as fast as lightning),III,322; IV,494 (C. expl<sup>ns</sup> <i>aviraddha-vedhin vijju-ālokena vijjhana‹11›--samattha</i> p. 497). In other comb<sup>n</sup> at J.I,58 <i>(akkhaṇavedhin + vālavedhin)</i>; V,129 (the 4 kinds of archers:<i>a</i>.,<i> vālavedhin</i>,s<i>addavedhin </i>&<i> saravedhin)</i>.<br><br> In BSk. we find akṣuṇṇavedha (a Sanskritised Pāli form,cp. Mathurā kṣuṇa = Sk. kṣaṇa) at Divy 58,100,442 (always with dūrevedha),where MSS. however read ak‹-› ṣuṇa°; also at Lal. Vist. 178. See Divy Index,where trsl<sup>n</sup> is given as “an act of throwing the spear so as to graze the mark” (Schiefner gives “Streifschuss”). -<br><br>Note. The explanations are not satisfactory. We should expect either an etym. bearing on the meaning “hitting the centre of the target” (i. e. its “eye”) (cp. E. bull’s eye),in which case a direct relation to akkha = akkhi eye would not seem improbable (cp. formation ikkhana) or an etym. like “hitting without mishap”,in which case the expression would be derived directly from ak khaṇa (see prec.) with the omission of the neg. an-; akkhaṇa in the meaning of “lightning” (J.II,91 C.) is not supported by literary evidence. (Page 2),7,1
  1035. 27160,en,15,akkhana,akkhāna,Akkhāna,Akkhāna,(nt.) [Sk. ākhyāna] telling stories,recitation; tale,legend D.I,6 (= DA.I,84:<i>Bhārata-Rāmāyanādi</i>); III,183; M.I,503; III,167; Sdhp. 237. -- preaching,teaching Nd<sup>1</sup> 91 (<i>dhamm°</i>). The 5<sup>th</sup> Veda J.V,450. (<i>vedam akkhānapañcamaṃ;</i> C:<i>itihāsapañcamaṃ vedacatukkaṃ</i>). -- The spelling <i>ākhyāna</i> also occurs (q. v.). (Page 2),7,1
  1036. 27207,en,15,akkhara,akkhara,Akkhara,Akkhara,(adj.) [Vedic akṣara] constant,durable,lasting D.III,86. As tt. for one of 4 branches of Vedic learning (D.I,88) it is Phonetics which probably included Grammar,and is expl<sup>d</sup> by <i>sikkhā</i> (DA.I,247 = SnA 477) ‹-› pl. nt. <i>akkharāni</i> sounds,tones,words. <i>citt’akkhara</i> of a discourse (<i>suttanta</i>) having variety &#38; beauty of words or sounds (opposed to beauty of thought) A.I,72 = III,107 = S.II,267. <i>Akkharāni</i> are the sauce,flavour (<i>vyañjana</i>) of poetry S.I,38. To know the context of the a° the words of the texts,is characteristic of an Arahant Dh.352 (C. is ambiguous DhA.IV,70). Later:<i>akkharaṃ</i> a syllable or sound PvA.280 (called <i>sadda</i> in next line); <i>akkharāni</i> an inscription J.II,90; IV,7 (<i>likhitāni</i> written),489; VI,390,407. In Grammar:a letter KAcc. 1.<br><br> <i>--cintaka</i> a grammarian or versifier KhA 17; SnA 16,23,321. cp. 466; PvA.120. <i>--pabheda</i> in phrase sakkharappabheda phonology &#38; etymology D.I,88 (akkharappabhedo ti sikkhā ca nirutti ca SnA 447 = DA. i.247) = A.III,223 = Sn.p. 105. <i>--piṇḍa</i> “word-ball”,i. e. sequence of words or sounds DhA.IV,70 (= akkharānaṃ sannipāto Dh.352). (Page 2),7,1
  1037. 27317,en,15,akkharika,akkharikā,Akkharikā,Akkharikā,(f.) a game (recognising syllables written in the air or on one’s back). D.I,7; Vin.II,10; III,180. So expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,86. It may be translated “letter game”; but all Indian letters of that date were syllables. (Page 2),9,1
  1038. 27342,en,15,akkhata,akkhata,Akkhata,Akkhata,(adj.) [pp. of a + <em>kṣan</em>,cp. parikkhata<sup>1</sup>] unhurt,without fault Mhvs 19,56 (C. <i>niddosa</i>). -- Acc. <i>akkhataṃ</i> (adv.) in safety,unhurt. Only in one phrase Vv 84<sup>52</sup> (<i>paccāgamuṃ Pāṭaliputtaṃ akkhataṃ</i>) &#38; Pv IV.11<sup>1</sup> (<i>nessāmi taṃ Pāṭaliputtaṃ akkhataṃ</i>); see VvA.351 &#38; PvA.272. (Page 2),7,1
  1039. 27352,en,15,akkhata,akkhāta,Akkhāta,Akkhāta,(adj.) [pp. of akkhāti] announced,proclaimed,told,shown A.I,34 (<i>dur°</i>); II,195; IV,285,322; V,265,283; Sn.172,276,595,718. (Page 2),7,1
  1040. 27367,en,15,akkhatar,akkhātar,Akkhātar,Akkhātar,one who relates,a speaker,preacher,story-teller S.I,11,191; III,66; Sn.167. (Page 2),8,1
  1041. 27378,en,15,akkhati,akkhāti,Akkhāti,Akkhāti,[ā + <em>khyā</em>,Idg. *seq<sup>u</sup>; cp. Sk. ākhyāti,Lat. inquam,Gr. e)nnέpw,Goth. saihvan,Ger. sehen etc. See also akkhi &#38; cakkhu] to declare,announce,tell Sn.87,172; imper. <i>akkhāhi</i> Sn.988,1085; aor. <i>akkhāsi</i> Sn.251,504,1131 (= ācikkhi etc. Nd<sup>2</sup> 465); fut. <i>akkhissati</i> Pv IV.1<sup>63</sup>; cond. <i>akkhissaṃ</i> Sn.997; J.VI,523. -- Pass. <i>akkhāyati</i> to be proclaimed,in phrase <i>aggaṃ a</i>. to be deemed chief or superior,to be first,to excel Miln.118,182 (also in BSk. agram ākhyāyate M Vastu III,390); ger. <i>akkheyya</i> to be pronounced S.I,11; It.53. -- pp. <i>akkhāta</i> (q. v.). -- Intensive or Frequentative is <i>ācikkhati</i>. (Page 2),7,1
  1042. 27401,en,15,akkhaya,akkhaya,Akkhaya,Akkhaya,(adj.) [a + khaya,<em>kṣi</em>] not decaying,in <i>akkhayapaṭibhāna</i>,of unfailing skill in exposition Miln.3,21. (Page 2),7,1
  1043. 27435,en,15,akkhayika,akkhāyika,Akkhāyika,Akkhāyika,(adj.) relating,narrating J.III,535; <i>lokakkhāyikā kathā</i> talk about nature-lore D.I,8; Miln.316. (Page 3),9,1
  1044. 27441,en,15,akkhayin,akkhāyin,Akkhāyin,Akkhāyin,(adj.) telling,relating,announcing S.II,35; III,7; J.III,105. (Page 3),8,1
  1045. 27490,en,15,akkhi,akkhi,Akkhi,Akkhi,(nt.) [to <i>*oks</i>,an enlarged form of <i>*oq<sup>u</sup></i>,cp. Sk. īkṣate,kṣaṇa,pratīka,anīka; Gr. o)ζse,w)/y (*ku/klwy),o)fqalmόs,prόswpon; Lat. oculus,Ags. ēowan (= E eye &#38; wind-ow); Goth. augō. See also cakkhu &#38; cp. akkha<sup>2</sup> &#38; ikkhaṇika] the eye M.I,383 (<i>ubbhatehi akkhīhi</i>); Sn.197,608; J.I,223,279; V,77; VI,336; Pv.II,9<sup>26</sup> (<i>akkhīni paggharanti:</i> shed tears,cp. PvA.123); VvA.65 (<i>°īni bhamanti</i>,my eyes swim) cp. akkhīni me dhūmāyanti DhA.I,475; DhA.II,26; III,196 (<i>°īni ummīletvā</i> opening the eyes); Sdhp.103,380. -- In comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>sa-</i> as <i>sacchi </i>&<i> sakkhi</i> (q. v.). As adj. (-°) <i>akkha<sup>3</sup></i> (q.v.).<br><br> <i>--añjana</i> eye ointment,collyrium DhA.III,354. <i>--kūpa</i> the socket of the eye J.IV,407. <i>--gaṇḍa</i> eye-protuberance,i. e. eye-brow (?) J.VI,504 (for pamukha T.). <i>--gūtha</i> secretion from the eye PvA.198. <i>--gūthaka</i> id. Sn.197 (= dvīhi akkhicchiddehi apanīta-ttaca-maṃsasadiso a°-gūthako SnA 248). <i>--chidda</i> the eye-hole SnA 248. <i>--dala</i> the eye-lid DA.I,194; ThA.259; DhsA.378. <i>--pāta</i> “fall of the eye”,i. e. a look,in mand° of soft looks (adj.) PvA.57. <i>--pūra</i> an eye-full,in akkhipūraṃ assuṃ (assu?) an eye full of tears J.VI,191. <i>--mala</i> dirt from the eye Pv III,5<sup>3</sup> (= °gūtha C.). <i>--roga</i> eye disease DhA.I,9. (Page 3),5,1
  1046. 27541,en,15,akkhika,akkhika,Akkhika,Akkhika,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp. Sk. akṣa] the mesh of a net J.I,208. <i>--hāraka</i> one who takes up a mesh (?) M.I,383 (corresp. with <i>aṇḍahāraka</i>). (Page 3),7,1
  1047. 27542,en,15,akkhika,akkhika,Akkhika,Akkhika,<sup>1</sup> (-°) (adj.) having eyes,with eyes Th.1,960 (<i>añjan°</i> with eyes anointed); DhA.IV,98 (<i>aḍḍh°</i> with half an eye,i. e. stealthily); Sdhp.286 (<i>tamb°</i> red-eyed). <i>--an°</i> having no eyes DhA.I,11. (Page 3),7,1
  1048. 27581,en,15,akkhin,akkhin,Akkhin,Akkhin,(adj.) = <i>akkhika</i> J.III,190 (<i>mand°</i> softeyed); Vv 32<sup>3</sup> (<i>tamb°</i> red-eyed); DhA.I,11. (Page 3),6,1
  1049. 27634,en,15,akkhitta,akkhitta,Akkhitta,Akkhitta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [BSk ākṣipta Divy 363,pp. of ā + <em>kṣip</em>] hit,struck,thrown J.III,255 (= <i>ākaḍḍhita</i> C.). (Page 3),8,1
  1050. 27635,en,15,akkhitta,akkhitta,Akkhitta,Akkhitta,<sup>1</sup> see <i>khitta</i>. (Page 3),8,1
  1051. 27654,en,15,akkhobbha,akkhobbha,Akkhobbha,Akkhobbha,(adj.) [a + <em>kṣubh</em>,see khobha] not to be shaken,imperturbable Miln.21. (Page 3),9,1
  1052. 27667,en,15,akkhobhana,akkhobhana,Akkhobhana,Akkhobhana,(adj) = <i>akkhobbha</i> J.V,322 (= <i>khobhetun na sakkhā</i> C.). (Page 3),10,1
  1053. 27683,en,15,akkhohini,akkhohiṇī,Akkhohiṇī,Akkhohiṇī,(f.) [= akkhobhiṇī] one of the highest numerals (1 followed by 42 ciphers,Childers) J.V,319; VI,395. (Page 3),9,1
  1054. 27745,en,15,akkosa,akkosa,Akkosa,Akkosa,[ā + <em>kruś</em><i> = kruñc</i>,see kuñca &#38; koñca<sup>2</sup>; to sound,root <em>kṛ</em>,see note on gala] shouting at,abuse,insult,reproach,reviling Sn.623; Miln.8 (+ <i>paribhāsa</i>); SnA 492; ThA.256; PvA.243; DhA.II,61.<br><br> <i>--vatthu</i> always as dasa a°-vatthūni 10 bases of abuse,10 expressions of cursing J.I,191; SnA 364,467; DhA.I,212; IV,2. (Page 2),6,1
  1055. 27764,en,15,akkosaka,akkosaka,Akkosaka,Akkosaka,(adj.) [from last] one who abuses,scolds or reviles,+ <i>paribhāsaka</i> A.II,58; III,252; IV,156; V,317; PvA.251. (Page 2),8,1
  1056. 27806,en,15,akkosati,akkosati,Akkosati,Akkosati,[to <em>krus</em> see akkosa] to scold,swear at,abuse,revile J.I,191; II,416; III,27; DhA.I,211; II,44. Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>paribhāsati</i>,e. g. Vin.II,296; DhA.IV,2; PvA.10. -- aor. <i>akkocchi</i> Dh.3; J.III,212 (= <i>akkosi</i> DhA.I,43. Der. wrongly fr. <i>krudh</i> by KAcc. VI,417; cp. Franke,Einh. Pāli-gramm. 37,and Geiger,P. Gr. § 164). --pp. <i>akkuṭṭha</i> (q. v.). (Page 2),8,1
  1057. 27861,en,15,akkula,akkula,Akkula,Akkula,(adj.) [= ākula] confused,perplexed,agitated,frightened Ud.5 <i>(akkulopakkula</i> and <i>akkulapakkulika)</i>. See <i>ākula</i>. (Page 1),6,1
  1058. 27876,en,15,akkuttha,akkuṭṭha,Akkuṭṭha,Akkuṭṭha,(adj. n.) [pp. of akkosati] 1. (adj.) being reviled,scolded,railed at Sn.366 (= dasahi akkosavatthūhi abhisatto SnA 364); J.VI,187. -- 2. (nt.) reviling,scolding,swearing at; in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>akkuṭṭha-vandita</i> Sn.702 (= <i>akkosa-vandana</i> SnA 492) Th.2,388 (expl<sup>n</sup> ThA.256 as above). (Page 1),8,1
  1059. 27921,en,15,akotana,ākoṭana,Ākoṭana,Ākoṭana,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [= ākoṭana<sup>1</sup>] beating,driving,inciting,urging J.VI,253 (f. ākoṭanī of paññā,expl<sup>d.</sup> by “nivāraṇapatoda-laṭṭhi viya paññā koṭinī hoti” p. 254). (Page 94),7,1
  1060. 27922,en,15,akotana,ākoṭana,Ākoṭana,Ākoṭana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr. ākoṭeti] beating on,knocking M.I,385; Miln.63,306; DhsA.144. (Page 94),7,1
  1061. 27973,en,15,akoteti,ākoṭeti,Ākoṭeti,Ākoṭeti,[a + koṭṭeti,Sk. kuṭṭayati; BSk. ākoṭayati e. g. Divy 117 dvāraṃ trir ā°,Cowell “break” (?); Av. Ś. Index p. 222 s. v.] -- 1. to beat down,pound,stamp J.I,264. ‹-› 2. to beat,knock,thrash Vin.II,217; J.II,274; PvA.55 (aññamaññaṃ); Sdhp.159. -- 3. Esp. with ref. to knocking at the door,in phrases <i>aggaḷaṃ ākoṭeti</i> to beat on the bolt D.I,89; A.IV,359; V,65; DA.I,252 (cp. aggaḷa); dvāraṃ ā. J V 217; DhA.II,145; or simply ākoṭeti Vv 81<sup>17</sup> (ākoṭayitvāna = appoṭetvā VvA.316). -- 4. (intrs.) to knock against anything J.I,239. -- pp. <i>ākoṭita</i> (q. v.). Caus. II. <i>ākoṭapeti</i> J.III,361. (Page 94),7,1
  1062. 27993,en,15,akotita,ākoṭita,Ākoṭita,Ākoṭita,[pp. of ākoṭeti] -- 1. beaten,touched,knocked against J.I,303; Miln.62 (of a gong). -- 2. pressed,beaten down (tight),flattened,in phrase <i>ākoṭita-paccākoṭita</i> flattened &#38; pressed all round (of the cīvara) S.II,281; DhA.I,37. (Page 94),7,1
  1063. 28043,en,15,akucca,ākucca,Ākucca,Ākucca,(or <i>°ā</i>?) [etym. unknown,prob. non-Aryan] an iguana J.VI,538 (C. godhā; gloss amatt’ākuccā). (Page 94),6,1
  1064. 28103,en,15,akula,ākula,Ākula,Ākula,(adj.) [ā + <i>*kul</i> of which Sk.-P. kula,to Idg *qǔel to turn round,cp. also cakka &#38; carati; lit. meaning “revolving quickly”, &#38; so “confused”] entangled,confused,upset,twisted,bewildered J.I,123 (salākaggaṃ °ṃ karoti to upset or disturb); Vv 84<sup>9</sup> (andha°); PvA.287 (an° clear). Often reduplicated as <i>ākulākula</i> thoroughly confused Miln.117,220; PvA.56; <i>ākula-pākula</i> Ud.5 (so read for akkula-pakkula); <i>ākula-samākula</i> J.VI,270. ‹-› On phrase <i>tantākula-</i>jātā gulā-guṇṭhika-jātā see guḷā. (Page 94),5,1
  1065. 28122,en,15,akulaka,ākulaka,Ākulaka,Ākulaka,(adj.) [fr. ākula] entangled D.II,55 (tant° for the usual tantākula,as given under guḷā). (Page 94),7,1
  1066. 28130,en,15,akulaniya,ākulanīya,Ākulanīya,Ākulanīya,(adj.) [grd. of ā + *kulāyati,denom. of kula] in <i>an°</i> not to be confounded or upset PvA.118. (Page 94),9,1
  1067. 28143,en,15,akuli,ākulī,Ākulī,Ākulī,(-puppha) at KhA 60 (milāta°) read (according to Index p. 870) as milāta-bakula-puppha. Vism.260 (id. p.) however reads ākulī-puppha “tangle-flower” (?),cp. Ud.5,gāthā 7 bakkula,which is preferably to be read as pākula. (Page 94),5,1
  1068. 28172,en,15,akuppa,akuppa,Akuppa,Akuppa,(adj.) [a + kuppa,grd. of <em>kup</em>,cp. BSk. akopya M Vastu III,200] not to be shaken,immovable; sure,steadfast,safe Vin.I,11 (akuppā me ceto-vimutti) = S.II,239; Vin.II,69; IV,214; D.III,273; M.I,205,298; S.II,171; A.III,119,198; Miln.361. (Page 1),6,1
  1069. 28213,en,15,akuppata,akuppatā,Akuppatā,Akuppatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. last] “state of not being shaken”,surety,safety; Ep. of Nibbāna Th.1,364. (Page 1),8,1
  1070. 28218,en,15,akurati,ākurati,Ākurati,Ākurati,[onomat. to sound-root <i>*</i><em>kur</em><i> = *</i><em>kor</em> as in Lat. cornix,corvus etc. See gala note 2 B and cp. kukkuṭa kokila,khaṭa etc.,all words expressing a rasping noise in the throat. The attempts at etym. by Trenckner (Miln.p. 425 as denom. of ākula) &#38; Morris (J.P.T.S. 1886,154 as contr. denom. of aṅkura “intumescence”,thus meaning “to swell”) are hardly correct] to be hoarse Miln.152 (kaṇṭho ākurati). (Page 94),7,1
  1071. 28495,en,15,akutobhaya,akutobhaya,Akutobhaya,Akutobhaya,(adj.) see <i>ku°</i>. (Page 1),10,1
  1072. 28511,en,15,ala,ala,Ala,Ala,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [alaṃ adv. as adj.] enough,only in neg. <i>anala</i> insufficient,impossible M.I,455; J.II,326 = IV.471. (Page 78),3,1
  1073. 28512,en,15,ala,ala,Ala,Ala,<sup>1</sup> freq. spelling for <i>aḷa</i>. (Page 78),3,1
  1074. 28520,en,15,ala,aḷa,Aḷa,Aḷa,[etym. unknown] 1. the claw of a crab M.I,234; S.I,123; J.I,223,505 (°chinno kakkaṭako; T. spells ala°); II,342; III,295; -- 2. the nails (of finger or toe) (?) in <i>°chinna</i> one whose nails are cut off Vin.I,91. (Page 80),3,1
  1075. 28609,en,15,alabhaka,alābhaka,Alābhaka,Alābhaka,[a + labhaka] not getting,loss,detriment Vin.III,77. (Page 79),8,1
  1076. 28691,en,15,alabu,alābu,Alābu,Alābu,[Sk. alābū f.] a long white gourd,Cucurbita Lagenaris M.I,80 (tittaka°),315 (id.); PvA.47 (id.); DhsA.405. -- See also <i>alāpu</i>. (Page 79),5,1
  1077. 28826,en,15,aladvaraka,āḷādvāraka,Āḷādvāraka,Āḷādvāraka,(adj.) at J.V,81,82 is corrupt &#38; should with v. l. perhaps better be read <i>advāraka</i> without doors. Cp. Kern,Toev. 29 (ālāraka?). J.V,81 has āḷāraka only. (Page 110),10,1
  1078. 28838,en,15,alagadda,alagadda,Alagadda,Alagadda,[Der. unknown. In late Sk. alagarda is a watersnake] a kind of snake M.I,133 = DA.I,21; DhA.IV,132 (°camma,so read for T. alla-camma,vv. ll. alanda° &#38; alandu°). (Page 79),8,1
  1079. 28885,en,15,alagga,alagga,Alagga,Alagga,(adj.) [pp. of laggati] not stuck or attached Nd<sup>2</sup> 107 (also <i>alaggita); alaggamāna</i> (ppr.) id. DhA.III,298. (Page 79),6,1
  1080. 28911,en,15,alaggana,alaggana,Alaggana,Alaggana,(nt.) [a + laggana] not hanging on anything,not being suspended DA.I,180. (Page 79),8,1
  1081. 28936,en,15,alaggeti,ālaggeti,Ālaggeti,Ālaggeti,[ā + Caus. of <em>lag</em>] to (make) hang on to (Loc.),to stick on,fasten to Vin.II,110 (pattaṃ veḷagge ālaggetvā). (Page 109),8,1
  1082. 28961,en,15,alahana,āḷāhana,Āḷāhana,Āḷāhana,(nt.) [fr. ā + <em>ḍah</em> or <em>dah</em>,see dahati] a place of cremation,cemetery D.I,55; J.I,287 (here meaning the funereal fire) 402; III,505; Pv.II,12<sup>2</sup>; Vism.76; Miln.350; DA.I,166; DhA.I,26; III,276; PvA.92,161,163 (= sarīrassa daḍḍha-ṭṭhāna). -- Note. For āḷāhana in meaning “peg,stake” see <i>ālāna</i>. (Page 110),7,1
  1083. 29123,en,15,alaka,āḷaka,Āḷaka,Āḷaka,(or <i>°ā</i> f.) [Dimin of aḷa (?) or of ārā 1 (?). See Morris J.P.T.S. 1886,158] -- 1. a thorn,sting,dart,spike,used either as arrow-straightener Miln.418; DhA.I,288; or (perhaps also for piece of bone,fishbone) in making up a comb VvA.349 (°sandhāpana = comb; how Hardy got the meaning of “alum” in Ind. to VvA.is incomprehensible). -- 2 a peg,spike,stake or post (to tie an elephant to,cp. <i>ālāna</i>). Cp. II.1<sup>3</sup>. (Page 110),5,1
  1084. 29127,en,15,alaka-manda,ālaka-manda,Ālaka-Manda,Ālaka-manda,[ālaya°?] at Vin.II,152 is of uncertain reading and meaning (“open to view”? or “not having pegs” = āḷaka?) vv. ll. āḷakamanta &#38; ālakamandāra; Bdhgh on p. 321 expl<sup>ns.</sup> āḷakamandā ti ekaṅgaṇā manussâbhikiṇṇā,i. e. full of a crowd of people,Ch. quotes ālakamandā as “the city of Kuvera” (cp. Sk. alakā). (Page 109),11,1
  1085. 29169,en,15,alakkhi,alakkhī,Alakkhī,Alakkhī,(f.) [a + lakkhi] bad luck,misfortune Th.1,1123. (Page 79),7,1
  1086. 29181,en,15,alakkhika,alakkhika,Alakkhika,Alakkhika,( &#38; Alakkhīka) (adj.) [a + lakkhika] unfortunate unhappy,of bad luck Vin.III,23; J.III,259. (Page 79),9,1
  1087. 29192,en,15,alala,alālā,Alālā,Alālā,(indecl.) [a + lālā interjection fr. sound root <i>*</i><em>lal</em>,see etym. under are] “not saying lā lā” i. e. not babbling,not dumb,in <i>°mukha</i> not (deaf &) dumb SnA 124 (= aneḷamūga of Sn.70). (Page 79),5,1
  1088. 29203,en,15,alam,alaṃ,Alaṃ,Alaṃ,(indecl.) [Vedic araṃ. In meaning 1. <i>alaṃ</i> is the expanded continuation of Vedic araṃ,an adv. Acc. of ara (adj.) suitable; fitly,aptly rightly fr. <i>ṛ</i> Cp. aṇṇava,appeti,ara. In meaning 2. <i>alaṃ</i> is the same as are] emphatic particle 1. in <i>affirmative</i> sentences:part. of assurance &#38; emphasis = for sure,very much (so),indeed,truly. Note. In connection with a Dat. or an infin. the latter only apparently depend upon alaṃ,in reality they belong to the syntax of the whole sentence (as Dat. or inf. absolute). It is customary however (since the practice of the Pāli grammarians) to regard them as interdependent and interpret the construction as “fit for,proper” (= yuttaṃ Pāli Com.),which meaning easily arises out of the connotation of alaṃ,e.g. alam eva kātuṃ to be sure,this is to be done = this is proper to be done. In this sense (c. Dat.) it may also be comp<sup>d.</sup> with Vedic araṃ c. Dat. -- (a) (abs.) only in comb<sup>n.</sup> with Dat. or inf. (see c. &#38; Note above). -- (b.) (°-) see cpds. -- (c.) with Dat. or infin.:alaṃ antarāyāya for certain an obstacle M.I,130 (opp. nâlaṃ not at all); alaṃ te vippaṭisārāya you ought to feel sorry for it Vin.II,250; alaṃ vacanāya one says rightly S.II,18; alaṃ hitāya untold happiness DhA.II,41. -- ito ce pi so bhavaṃ Gotamo yojana sate viharati alam eva . . . upasaṅkamituṃ even if he were 100 miles from here,(surely) even so (i. e. it is fit or proper even then) one must go to him D.I,117 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at DA.I,288 by yuttam eva = it is proper); alam eva kātuṃ kalyāṇaṃ indeed one must do good = it is appropriate to do good Pv.II,9<sup>23</sup> (= yuttaṃ PvA.122); alaṃ puññāni kātave “come,let us do meritorious works” Vv 44<sup>15</sup> (= yuttaṃ VvA.191). ‹-› 2. in negative or prohibitive sentences:part. of disapprobation reproach &#38; warning; enough! have done with! fie! stop! alas! (etc. see are). -- (a) (abs.) enough:nâlaṃ thutuṃ it is not enough to praise Sn.217; te pi na honti me alaṃ they are not enough for me Pv.I,6<sup>3</sup>. -- (b) with Voc.:<i>alaṃ</i> Devadatta mā te rucci saṅghabhedo “look out D. or take care D. that you do not split up the community” Vin.II,198; alaṃ Vakkali kin te iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena . . . S.III,120. -- (c) enough of (with Instr.):alaṃ ettakena enough of this,so much of that Miln.18; alam me Buddhena enough for me of the Buddha = I am tired of the B. DhA.II,34.<br><br> <i>--attha</i> (adj.) “quite the thing”,truly good,very profitable,useful D.II,231; M.II,69 (so read for alamatta); A.II,180; Th.1,252; J.I,401 (so read for °atta). <i>--ariya</i> truly genuine,right noble,honourable indeed,only in °ñāṇa-dassana [cp. BSk. alamārya-jñāna-darśana Lal V.309,509] Vin.I,9; A.III,64,430; V,88; J.I,389 (cp. ariya). <i>--kammaniya</i> (quite or thoroughly) suitable Vin.III,187. <i>--pateyya</i>:see the latter. <i>--vacanīyā</i> (f.) a woman who has to be addressed with “alaṃ” (i. e. “fie”),which means that she ceases to be the wife of a man &#38; returus into her parental home Vin.III,144,cp. 274 (Bdhgh’s. expl<sup>n.</sup>). <i>--samakkhātar</i> one who makes sufficiently clear It.107. <i>--sājīva</i> one who is thoroughly fit to associate with his fellow A.III,81. <i>--sāṭaka</i> “curse-coat”,one who curses his waist-coat (alaṃ sāṭaka!) because of his having eaten too much it will not fit; an over-eater; one of the 5 kinds of gluttons or improper eaters as enum<sup>d.</sup> at DhA.IV,16 = DhsA.404. (Page 78),4,1
  1089. 29245,en,15,alamba,alamba,Alamba,Alamba,(adj.) [a + lamba] not hanging down,not drooping,short J.V,302; VI,3 (°tthaniyo not flabby:of a woman’s breasts cp. alamb’ordhva-stanī Suśruta I.371). (Page 79),6,1
  1090. 29254,en,15,alamba,ālamba,Ālamba,Ālamba,[Sk. ālamba,ā + <em>lamb</em>] anything to hang on,support S.I,53 (an° without support); Sn.173 (id. + appatiṭṭha); J.III,396; Miln.343; Sdhp.245,463. (Page 109),6,1
  1091. 29260,en,15,alamba,āḷamba,Āḷamba,Āḷamba,<i> = āḷambara</i> Vv 18<sup>9</sup> = 50<sup>24</sup>. See <i>ālambara</i>. (Page 110),6,1
  1092. 29278,en,15,alambana,ālambana,Ālambana,Ālambana,(adj.-nt.) [fr. ā + <em>lamb</em>,cp. ālamba] (adj.) hanging down from,hanging up J.III,396; IV,457; SnA 214. -- (nt.) support,balustrade (or screen?) Vin.II,117,152 (°bāha) Miln.126. (Page 109),8,1
  1093. 29329,en,15,alambara,ālambara,Ālambara,Ālambara, &#38; Āḷambara (nt.) [Sk. āḍambara] a drum Vin.I,15 (l); J.II,344 (ḷ); V,390 (l); Vv 54<sup>18</sup> (ḷ). (Page 109),8,1
  1094. 29352,en,15,alambati,ālambati,Ālambati,Ālambati,[ā + <em>lamb</em>] to hang on to or up,to take hold of,to fasten to Vin.I,28,J.I,57; VI,192; Vv 84<sup>48</sup>; ThA.34. -- <i>ālambeti</i> id. VvA.32. (Page 109),8,1
  1095. 29407,en,15,alamkara,alaṅkāra,Alaṅkāra,Alaṅkāra,[fr. alaṅkaroti,cp. Vedic araṅkṛti] “getting up” i. e. fitting ont,ornament,decoration; esp. trinkets,onaments D.III,190; A.III,239; 263 sq.; J.VI,368; PvA.23,46,70 (-° adj. adorned with),74; Sdhp.249. (Page 79),8,1
  1096. 29408,en,15,alamkarana,alaṅkaraṇa,Alaṅkaraṇa,Alaṅkaraṇa,(nt.) [alaṃ + karaṇa,fr. alaṅkaroti] doing up,fitting out,ornamentation J.I,60. (Page 79),10,1
  1097. 29409,en,15,alamkaranaka,alaṅkaraṇaka,Alaṅkaraṇaka,Alaṅkaraṇaka,(adj.) [fr. alaṅkaraṇa] adorning,embellishing,decorating DhA.I,410. (Page 79),12,1
  1098. 29412,en,15,alamkaroti,alaṅkaroti,Alaṅkaroti,Alaṅkaroti,[alaṃ + karoti,Vedic araṅkaroti] to make much of i. e. to adorn,embellish,decorate J.I,60; III,189; VI,368. ger. <i>°karitvā</i> DhA.I,410; PvA.74. -- pp. <i>alaṅkata</i>. -- Caus. <i>alaṅkārāpeti</i> to cause to be adorned J.I,52. (Page 79),10,1
  1099. 29416,en,15,alamkata,alaṅkata,Alaṅkata,Alaṅkata,[pp. of alaṅkaroti] 1. “made too much”,made much of,done up,adorned,fitted out Dh.142 (= vatthâbharaṇa-paṭimaṇḍita DhA.III,83); Pv.II,3<sup>6</sup>; Vv 1<sup>1</sup>; J.III,392; IV,60. -- 2. “done enough” (see alaṃ,use with Instr.),only neg. <i>analaṅkata</i> in meaning “insatiate” S.I,15 (kāmesu). (Page 79),8,1
  1100. 29471,en,15,alana,ālāna,Ālāna,Ālāna, &#38; Āḷāna (nt.) [for ānāhana with substitution of l for n (cp. apilandhana for apinandh° and contraction of °āhana to °āna originally meaning “tying to” then the thing to which anything is tied] a peg,stake,post,esp. one to which an elephant is tied J.I,415; IV,308; DhA.I,126 (ḷ) where all MSS. have āḷāhana,perhaps correctly. (Page 109),5,1
  1101. 29482,en,15,alanda,alanda,Alanda,Alanda, &#38; Alandu see <i>alagadda</i>. (Page 79),6,1
  1102. 29843,en,15,alapana,ālapana,Ālapana,Ālapana,(nt.) &#38; <i>Ālapanā</i> (f.) [fr. ā + <em>lap</em>] talking to,addressing,conversation Vin.III,73 (with ref. to exclam. “ambho”); J.V,253 (°ā); Vism.23 (°ā); SnA 396; PvA.131 (re ti ā.). (Page 109),7,1
  1103. 29860,en,15,alapanata,ālapanatā,Ālapanatā,Ālapanatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. ālapana] speaking to,conversing with,conversation M.I,331) (an°). (Page 109),9,1
  1104. 29877,en,15,alapati,ālapati,Ālapati,Ālapati,[ā + lapati] to address S.I,177,212; J.V,201; SnA 42,347,383,394 (= āmantayi of Sn.997),487 (‹-› avhayati); PvA.11,13,33,69. (Page 109),7,1
  1105. 29907,en,15,alapu,alāpu,Alāpu,Alāpu,(nt.) [= alābu,with p for b:so Trenckner Notes 62<sup>16</sup>] a gourd,pumpkin Dh.149 (= DhA.III,112; vv. ll. alābu &#38; alābbu). (Page 79),5,1
  1106. 29914,en,15,alara,aḷāra,Aḷāra,Aḷāra,(adj.) [Is it the same as uḷāra?] only used with ref. to the eyelashes, &#38; usually expl<sup>d.</sup> by <i>visāla</i>,i.e. extended,wide,but also by bahala,i.e. thick. The meaning &#38; etym. is as yet uncertain. Kern,(Toev. s.v.) transl<sup>s.</sup> by “bent,crooked,arched”. <i>°akkhin</i> with wide eyes (eyelashes?) J.I,306 (= visāla-netta C.); <i>°pamha</i> with thick eye-lashes Vv 35<sup>7</sup> (= bahala-saṃyata-pakhuma C.; v.l. °pamukha); <i>°bhamuka</i> having thick eyebrows or °lashes J.VI,503 (so read for °pamukha; C. expl<sup>s</sup> by visāl-akkhigaṇḍa). Cp. āḷāra. (Page 80),5,1
  1107. 29922,en,15,alara,āḷāra,Āḷāra,Āḷāra,(adj.) [= aḷāra or uḷāra or = Sk. arāla?] thick,massed,dense or crooked,arched (?),only in cpd. <i>°pamha</i> with thick eyelashes Vv 64<sup>11</sup> (= gopakhuma VvA.279); Pv III,3<sup>5</sup> (= vellita-dīgha-nīla-pamukha). Cp. <i>alāra</i>. (Page 110),5,1
  1108. 29942,en,15,alarika,āḷārika,Āḷārika,Āḷārika, &#38; °iya (adj.-n.) [Sk. ārālika,of uncertain etym.] a cook D.I,51 (= bhattakāraka DA.I,157); J.V,296 (= bhattakāraka C.); 307; VI,276 (°iya,C. °ika = sūpika); Miln.331. (Page 110),7,1
  1109. 29957,en,15,alasa,alasa,Alasa,Alasa,(adj.) [a + lasa] idle,lazy,slack,slothful,languid S.I,44,217; Sn.96 (= jāti-alaso SnA 170); J.IV,30; Dh.280 (= mahā-alaso DhA.III,410). Opp. <i>analasa</i> vigorous,energetic S.I,44; D.III,190 (dakkha +); Vin.IV,211; Nd<sup>2</sup> 141 (id.). (Page 79),5,1
  1110. 30004,en,15,alasata,alasatā,Alasatā,Alasatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. alasa] sloth,laziness; only in neg. <i>analasatā</i> zeal,industry VvA.229. (Page 79),7,1
  1111. 30056,en,15,alassa,alassa,Alassa,Alassa,(nt.) at S.I,43 is spurious spelling for <i>ālassa</i> idleness,sloth; v. l. BB ālasya. (Page 79),6,1
  1112. 30061,en,15,alassa,ālassa,Ālassa,Ālassa,(nt.) [Der. fr. alasa] sloth,idleness,laziness S.I,43; D.III,182; A.IV,59; V,136; Sdhp.567. Spelling also <i>ālasya</i> S.I,43 (v. l. BB); Vbh.352; Miln.289,and <i>ālasiya</i> J.I,427; DA.I,310; DhA.I,299; VvA.43. (Page 109),6,1
  1113. 30098,en,15,alata,alāta,Alāta,Alāta,(nt.) [Sk. alāta,related to Lat. altāre altar,adoleo to burn] a firebrand A.II,95 (chava° a burning corpse,see chava); J.I,68; Pug.36; DhA.III,442. (Page 79),5,1
  1114. 30129,en,15,alattaka,alattaka,Alattaka,Alattaka,[Sk. alaktaka] lac,a red animal dye J.IV,114 (°pāṭala); DhA.II,174; IV,197. (Page 79),8,1
  1115. 30182,en,15,alavaka,āḷavaka,Āḷavaka,Āḷavaka,(&<i> Āḷārikika</i>) (adj.-n.) [= āṭavika] dwelling in forests,a forest-dweller S.II,235. As Np. at Vism.208. (Page 110),7,1
  1116. 30225,en,15,alaya,ālaya,Ālaya,Ālaya,(m. &#38; nt.) [cp. Sk. ālaya,ā + <em>lī</em>,līyate,cp. allīna &#38; allīyati,also nirālaya] -- 1. orig. roosting place,perch,i. e. abode settling place,house J.I,10 (geh°); Miln.213; DhA.II,162 (an° = anoka),170 (= oka). -- 2. “hanging on”,attachment,desire,clinging,lust S.I,136 = Vin.I,4 (°rāma “devoted to the things to which it clings” K. S.); Vin.III,20,111; S.IV,372 (an°); V,421 sq. (id.); A.II,34,131 (°rāma); III,35; It.88; Sn.177 (kām° = kāmesu taṇhā-diṭṭhi-vasena duvidho ālayo SnA 216),535 (+ āsavāni),635; Nett 121,123 (°samugghāta); Vism.293 (id.),497; Miln.203 (Buddh °ṃ akāsi?); DhA.I,121; IV,186 (= taṇhā); SnA 468 (= anoka of Sn.366). -- 3. pretence,pretext,feint [cp. BSk. ālaya M Vastu III,314] J.I,157 (gilān°),438; III,533 (mat°); IV,37 (gabbhinī); VI 20,262 (gilān°). (Page 109),5,1
  1117. 30264,en,15,alayati,ālayati,Ālayati,Ālayati,see <i>allīyati</i>. (Page 109),7,1
  1118. 30293,en,15,alepa,ālepa,Ālepa,Ālepa,[cp. Sk. ālepa,of ā + <em>lip</em>] ointment,salve,liniment Vin.I,274; Miln.74; DhsA.249. (Page 110),5,1
  1119. 30304,en,15,alepana,ālepana,Ālepana,Ālepana,(nt.) [fr. ā + <em>lip</em>] anointing,application of salve D.I,7 (mukkh°). (Page 110),7,1
  1120. 30325,en,15,alha,āḷha,Āḷha,Āḷha,(nt.) = <i>āḷhaka;</i> only at A.III,52 (udak°),where perhaps better with v. l. to be read as <i>āḷhaka</i>. The id. p. at A.II,55 has ālhaka only. (Page 110),4,1
  1121. 30326,en,15,alhaka,aḷhaka,Aḷhaka,Aḷhaka,in udak’aḷhaka VvA.155 read āḷhaka. (Page 80),6,1
  1122. 30331,en,15,alhaka,āḷhaka,Āḷhaka,Āḷhaka,(m. &#38; nt.) [Sk. āḍhaka,fr. *āḍha probably meaning “grain”] a certain measure of capacity,originally for grain; in older texts usually applied to a liquid measure (udaka°). Its size is given by Bdhgh. at SnA 476 as follows:“cattāro patthā āḷhakāni doṇaṃ etc.” -- udakāḷhaka S.V,400; A.II,55 = III,337; VvA.155. -- In other connections at J.I,419 (aḍḍh°); III,541 (mitaṃ āḷhakena = dhañña-māpaka-kammaṃ kataṃ C.); Miln.229 (patt°); DhA.III,367 (aḍḍh°). <i>--thālikā</i> a bowl of the capacity of an āḷhaka Vin.I,240; A.III,369; DhA.III,370 (v. l. bhatta-thālikā). (Page 110),6,1
  1123. 30343,en,15,alhiya,āḷhiya,Āḷhiya,Āḷhiya,( &#38; āḷhika) (adj.) [fr. *āḷha,Sk. āḍhya,orig. possessing grain,rich in grain,i. e. wealth; semantically cp. dhañña<sup>2</sup>] rich,happy,fortunate; only in neg. anāḷhiya poor,unlucky,miserable M.I,450; II,178 (+ daḷidda); A.III,352 sq. (so read with v. l. BB. °āḷhika for T. °āḷika; comb<sup>d.</sup> with daḷidda; v. l. SS. anaddhika); J.V,96,97 (+ daḷidda; C. na āḷhika). (Page 111),6,1
  1124. 30363,en,15,ali,āli,Āli,Āli,<sup>2</sup> &#38; Āḷi (f.) [Sk. ālī] a dike,embankment Vin.II,256; M.III,96; A.II,166 (°pabbheda); III,28; J.I,336; III,533,334. (Page 109),3,1
  1125. 30364,en,15,ali,āli,Āli,Āli,<sup>1</sup> (m. or f.? [Sk. āḷi] a certain kind of fish J.V,405. (Page 109),3,1
  1126. 30399,en,15,alika,alika,Alika,Alika,(adj.) [Sk. alīka] contrary,false,untrue S.I,189; J.III,198; VI,361; Miln.26,99. -- nt. <i>°ṃ</i> a lie,falsehood Dh.264.<br><br> <i>--vādin</i> one who tells a lie,a liar Dh.223 = VvA.69 (has alīka°); J.II,4; SnA 478 (for abhūta-vādin Sn.661). (Page 79),5,1
  1127. 30406,en,15,alika,ālika,Ālika,Ālika,in saccālika at S.IV,306 is sacc°alika distortion of truth,falsehood S.IV,306. (Page 109),5,1
  1128. 30407,en,15,alika,āḷika,Āḷika,Āḷika,at A.III,352,384 (an°) is preferably to be read <i>āḷhika</i>,see <i>āḷhaka</i>. (Page 110),5,1
  1129. 30421,en,15,alikhati,ālikhati,Ālikhati,Ālikhati,[ā + likhati] to draw,delineate,copy in writing or drawing J.I,71; Miln.51. (Page 109),8,1
  1130. 30441,en,15,alimpana,ālimpana,Ālimpana,Ālimpana,(nt.) [for āḷimp° = Sk. ādīpana,see ālimpeti<sup>2</sup>] conflagration,burning,flame Miln.43. (Page 109),8,1
  1131. 30467,en,15,alimpeti,ālimpeti,Ālimpeti,Ālimpeti,<sup>2</sup> [for Sk. ādīpayati,with change of d to l over ḷ and substitution of limp for ḷīp after analogy of roots in °mp,like lup › lump,lip › limp] to kindle,ignite,set fire to Vin.II,138 (dāyo ālimpetabbo); III,85; D.II,163 (citakaṃ); A.I,257; DhA.I,177 (āvāsaṃ read āvāpaṃ),225; PvA.62 (kaṭṭhāni). -- pp. <i>ālimpita</i> (q. v.). (Page 109),8,1
  1132. 30468,en,15,alimpeti,ālimpeti,Ālimpeti,Ālimpeti,<sup>1</sup> [Sk. ālimpayati or ālepayati. ā + <em>lip</em> or <em>limp</em>] to smear,anoint Vin.II,107; S.IV,177 (vaṇaṃ). -- Caus. II. <i>ālimpāpeti</i> Vin.IV,316. -- Pass. <i>ālimpīyati</i> Miln.74 &#38; <i>ālippati</i> DhA.IV,166 (v. l. for lippati). -- pp. <i>ālitta</i> (q. v.). (Page 109),8,1
  1133. 30480,en,15,alimpita,ālimpita,Ālimpita,Ālimpita,[pp. of ālimpeti<sup>2</sup>] ignited,lit. A.IV,102 (v. l. ālepita). (Page 109),8,1
  1134. 30565,en,15,alinata,alīnatā,Alīnatā,Alīnatā,(f.) [abstr. of alīna] open mindedness,prudence,sincerity J.I,366. (Page 79),7,1
  1135. 30586,en,15,alinda,ālinda,Ālinda,Ālinda,( &#38; Āḷinda) [Sk. alinda] a terrace or verandah before the house-door Vin.I,248; II,153; D.I,89; M.II,119; S.IV,290 (ḷ); A.V,65 (ḷ); J.VI,429; DA.I,252; DhA.I,26; IV,196; SnA 55 (°ka-vāsin; v. l. alindaka); Mhvs 35,3. As <i>ālindaka</i> at J.III,283. (Page 109),6,1
  1136. 30616,en,15,alinga,āliṅga,Āliṅga,Āliṅga,[ā + <em>liṅg</em>] a small drum J.V,156 (suvaṇṇ°-tala). (Page 109),6,1
  1137. 30641,en,15,alingati,āliṅgati,Āliṅgati,Āliṅgati,[ā + <em>liṅg</em>] to embrace,enfold D.I,230; III,73; J.I,281; IV,21,316,438; V,8; Miln.7; DhA.I,101:VvA.260. (Page 109),8,1
  1138. 30677,en,15,alippati,ālippati,Ālippati,Ālippati,Pass. of <i>ālimpeti</i> (q. v.). (Page 109),8,1
  1139. 30691,en,15,alitta,ālitta,Ālitta,Ālitta,[pp. of ālimpati; Sk. ālipta] besmeared,stained Th.1,737. (Page 109),6,1
  1140. 30713,en,15,alla,alla,Alla,Alla,(adj.) (only °-) [Vedic ārdra,to Gr. a]ρdw moisten,a]ρda dirt] -- 1. moist,wet M.III,94 (<i>°mattikā-</i>puñja a heap of moist clay; may be taken in meaning 2). -- 2. fresh (opp. stale),new; freshly plucked,gathered or caught,viz.<i>°âvalepana</i> see adda<sup>3</sup>; <i>°kusamuṭṭhi</i> freshly plucked grass A.V,234 = 249; <i>°gomaya</i> fresh dung A.V,234; DhA.I,377; <i>°camma</i> living skin Vism.195; <i>°tiṇa</i> fresh grass DA.I,77; PvA.40; <i>°dārūni</i> green sticks J.I,318; <i>°madhu</i> fresh honey DhA.II,197; <i>°maṃsa-sarīra</i> a body of living flesh DhA.II,51 = IV,166; <i>°rasa</i> fresh-tasting DhA.II,155; <i>°rohita-maccha</i> fresh fish J.III,333. ‹-› 3. wet = with connotation of clean (through being washed),freshly washed,<i>°kesa</i> with clean hair PvA.82 (sīsaṃ nahātvā allakesa); usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>allavattha</i> with clean clothes (in an ablution; often as a sign of mourning) Ud.14,91; DhA.IV,220; or with odāta vattha (id.) J.III,425. <i>°pāṇi</i> with clean hand Pv.II,9<sup>9</sup> (= dhotapāṇi PvA.116). [For <i>analla-gatta</i> at S.I,183 better read,with ibid 169,<i>an-allīna-gatta</i>. For <i>allacamma</i> at DhA.IV,132 <i>alagadda-camma</i>,with the v.l.,is preferable]. (Page 79),4,1
  1141. 30814,en,15,allapa,allāpa,Allāpa,Allāpa,[Sk. ālāpa; ā + lāpa] conversation,talk; only in cpd. <i>°sallāpa</i> conversation (lit. talking to &#38; fro or together) J.I,189; Miln.15; VvA.96; PvA.86. (Page 79),6,1
  1142. 30916,en,15,allika,allika,Allika,Allika,(?) [either from alla = allikaṃ nt. in meaning defilement,getting soiled by (-°),or from allīyati = alliyakaṃ,a der. fr. ger. alliya clinging to,sticking to. The whole word is doubtful.] only in cpd. (kāma-) <i>sukh</i>’<i>allik</i>’<i>ânuyoga</i> given to the attachment to sensual joys Vin.I,10; D.III,113,130; S.IV,330; V,421; Nett 110. (Page 80),6,1
  1143. 30925,en,15,allina,allīna,Allīna,Allīna,[pp. of allīyati; Sk. ālīna] (a) sticking to,adhering or adhered to,clinging M.I,80; A.V,187; Nd<sup>2</sup> under nissita (in form asita allīna upagata). -- (b.) soiled by (-°),dirtied A.II,201. <i>--anallīna</i> “to which nothing sticks”,i. e. pure,undefiled,clean S.I,169 (id. p. on p. 183 reads analla:see <i>alla</i>). Cp. ālaya. (Page 80),6,1
  1144. 31001,en,15,alliyati,allīyati,Allīyati,Allīyati,[ā + līyati,<em>lī</em>,līyate,layate] to cling to,stick to,adhere to (in both senses,good or bad); to covet. -- (a) lit. kesā sīsaṃ allīyiṃsu the hair stuck to the head J.I,64; khaggo lomesu allīyi the sword stuck in the hair J.I,273. -- (b) fig. to covet,desire etc.:in idiomatic phrase <i>allīyati</i> (S.III,190 v. l.; T. ālayati) <i>kelāyati vanāyati</i> (S.III,190 v.l.; T. manāyati; M.I,260 T. dhanāyati,but v.l. p. 552 vanāyati) mamāyati “to caress dearly &#38; be extremely jealous of” (c. Acc.) at M.I,260 &#38; S.III,190. ‹-› J.IV,5; V,154 (allīyituṃ,v.l. illīyituṃ); DhsA.364 (vanati bhajati a); pp. allīna -- Caus. <i>alliyāpeti</i> [cp. Sk. ālāpayati,but B.Sk. allīpeti M Vastu III,144; pp. allīpita ibid. I.311; III,408; pass. allīpīyate III,127.] to make stick,to to bring near to (c. Acc. or Loc.) J.II,325 (hatthiṃ mahābhittiyan alliyāpetvā); IV,392 (sīsena sīsaṃ alliyāpetvā). (Page 80),8,1
  1145. 31123,en,15,aloka,āloka,Āloka,Āloka,[ā + <em>lok</em>,Sk. āloka] seeing,sight (obj. &#38; subj.),i. e. -- 1. sight,view,look S.IV,128 = Sn.763; A.III,236 (āloke nikkhitta laid before one’s eye). <i>anāloka</i> without sight,blind Miln.296 (andha +). -- 2. light A.I,164 (tamo vigato ā. uppanno) = It.100 (vihato); A.II,139 (four lights,i.e. canda°,suriya°,agg°,paññ°,of the moon,sun,fire &#38; wisdom); J II 34; Dhs.617 (opp. andhakāra); VvA.51 (dīp°). -- 3. (clear) sight,power of observation,intuition,in comb<sup>n.</sup> with vijjā knowledge D.II,33 = S.II,7 = 105,cp. Ps.II,150 sq. (obhāsaṭṭhena,S A. on II.7). -- 4. splendour VvA.53; DvA 71.<br><br> <i>--kara</i> making light,bringing light,n. light-bringer It.108. <i>--karaṇa</i> making light,illumining It.108. <i>--da</i> giving light or insight Th.1,3. <i>--dassana</i> seeing light,i. e. perceiving Th.1,422. <i>--pharaṇa</i> diffusing light or diffusion of light Vbh.334; Nett 89. <i>--bahula</i> good in sight,fig. full of foresight A.III,432. <i>--bhūta</i> light J VI 459. <i>--saññā</i> consciousness or faculty of sight or perception D.III,223; A.II,45; III,93 <i>--saññin</i> conscious of sight,i. e. susceptible to sight or insight D.III,49; M.III,3; A II 211; III,92,323; IV,437; V,207; Pug.69. <i>--sandhi</i> “break for the light”,a slit to look through,an opening,a crack or casement Vin.I,48 = II.209 = 218; II,172; III,65; IV,47; J.IV,310; PvA.24. (Page 110),5,1
  1146. 31164,en,15,alokana,ālokana,Ālokana,Ālokana,(nt.) [fr. ā + <i>lok</i>] looking at,regarding DA.I,194. (Page 110),7,1
  1147. 31278,en,15,aloketar,āloketar,Āloketar,Āloketar,[n. ag. to āloketi] one who looks forward or before,a beholder DA.I,194 (opp. viloketar). (Page 110),8,1
  1148. 31283,en,15,aloketi,āloketi,Āloketi,Āloketi,[Sk. ālokayati,ā + <em>lok</em>] to look before,look at,regard,see DA.I,193,194. -- pp. <i>ālokita</i> (q. v.). (Page 110),7,1
  1149. 31300,en,15,alokita,ālokita,Ālokita,Ālokita,(nt.) [pp. of āloketi] looking before,looking at,looking forward (opp. vilokitaṃ looking behind or backward),always in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>ālokita-vilokita</i> in ster. phrase at D.I,70 = e. g. A.II,104,106,210; Pug.44,45,50; Vism.19; VvA.6; DA.I,193 (ālokitaṃ purato pekkhanaṃ vil° anudisā p.). (Page 110),7,1
  1150. 31320,en,15,alola,alola,Alola,Alola,(adj.) [a + lola] undisturbed,not distracted (by desires),not wavering:of firm resolution,concentrated Sn.65 (= nillolupa Nd<sup>2</sup> 98; = rasavisesesu anākula SnA 118). (Page 79),5,1
  1151. 31328,en,15,alola,āloḷa,Āloḷa,Āloḷa,[fr. ā + <em>luḷ</em>,cp. āluḷati &#38; āloḷeti] confusion,uproar,agitation DhA.I,38. (Page 110),5,1
  1152. 31356,en,15,aloleti,āloḷeti,Āloḷeti,Āloḷeti,[Caus. of āluḷati,cp. āluḷeti] to confuse,mix,shake together,jumble S.I,175; J.II,272,363; IV,333; VI,331; Vism.105. (Page 110),7,1
  1153. 31369,en,15,aloli,āloḷī,Āloḷī,Āloḷī,(f.) [a + <em>luḷ</em>] that which is stirred up,mud,in cpd. sītāloḷī mud or loam from the furrow adhering to the plough Vin.I,206. (Page 110),5,1
  1154. 31391,en,15,aloma,aloma,Aloma,Aloma,(adj.) [a + loma] not hairy (upon the body) J.VI,457. (Page 79),5,1
  1155. 31433,en,15,alonika,aloṇika,Aloṇika,Aloṇika,(adj.) [a + loṇika] not salted J.III,409; VvA.184. (Page 79),7,1
  1156. 31445,en,15,alopa,ālopa,Ālopa,Ālopa,[ā + <em>lup</em>,cp. ālumpati; BSk. ālopa,e. g. Av. Ś I. 173,341; Divy 290,481] a piece (cut off),a bit (of food) morsel,esp. bits of food gathered by bhikkhus D.I,5 = A.V,206; III,176; A II 209; III,304; IV,318; Th.1,1055; It.18; Pv.II,1<sup>7</sup>; Pug.58; Miln.231,406; Vism.106; DA.I,80 (= vilopa-karaṇaṃ). (Page 110),5,1
  1157. 31465,en,15,alopati,ālopati,Ālopati,Ālopati,[ālopeti? ā + lopeti,Caus. of ālumpati] to break in,plunder,violate Th.1,743. (Page 110),7,1
  1158. 31477,en,15,alopika,ālopika,Ālopika,Ālopika,(adj.) [ālopa + ika] getting or having,or consisting of pieces (of food) A.I,295; II,206; Pug.55. (Page 110),7,1
  1159. 31490,en,15,alu,ālu,Ālu,Ālu,(nt.) [Sk. ālu &#38; °ka; cognate with Lat. ālum &#38; alium,see Walde Lat. Wtb. under alium] a bulbous plant,Radix Globosa Esculenta or Amorphophallus (Kern),Arum Campanulatum (Hardy) J.IV,371 = VI,578; IV,373. (Page 109),3,1
  1160. 31522,en,15,aluka,āluka,Āluka,Āluka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [etym.?] susceptiblé of,longing for,affected with (-°) Vin.I,288 (sīt°); DA.I,198 (id.); J.II,278 (taṇh° greedy). (Page 110),5,1
  1161. 31523,en,15,aluka,āluka,Āluka,Āluka,<sup>1</sup> = ālu J.IV,46 (C. for ālupa). (Page 110),5,1
  1162. 31536,en,15,alula,āluḷa,Āluḷa,Āluḷa,(adj. [fr. ā + <em>lul</em>] being in motion,confusion or agitation,disturbed,agitated J.VI,431. (Page 110),5,1
  1163. 31548,en,15,alulati,āluḷati,Āluḷati,Āluḷati,[ā + <em>lul</em><i>;</i> Sk. ālolati,cp. also P. āloḷeti] to move here &#38; there,ppr. med. <i>āluḷamāna</i> agitated,whirling about DhA.IV,47 (T. ālūl°; v. l. āḷul°) confuse DhsA.375. Caus. <i>āluḷeti</i> to set in motion,agitate,confound J.II,9,33. -- pp. <i>āluḷita</i> (q. v.). (Page 110),7,1
  1164. 31568,en,15,alulita,aluḷita,Aluḷita,Aluḷita,(adj.) [a + luḷita,pp. of <em>lul</em>] umoved,undisturbed Miln.383. (Page 79),7,1
  1165. 31577,en,15,alulita,āluḷita,Āluḷita,Āluḷita,[pp. of āluḷeti] agitated,confused J.II,101; Miln.397 (+ khalita). (Page 110),7,1
  1166. 31587,en,15,alumpakara,ālumpakāra,Ālumpakāra,Ālumpakāra,[reading not sure,to ālumpati or ālopa] breaking off,falling off (?) or forming into bits(?) DhA.II,55 (°gūtha). (Page 110),10,1
  1167. 31595,en,15,alumpati,ālumpati,Ālumpati,Ālumpati,[ā + <em>lup</em> or <em>lump</em>,cp. ālopa] to pull out,break off M.I,324. (Page 110),8,1
  1168. 31600,en,15,alupa,ālupa,Ālupa,Ālupa,(nt.) [etym.? Kern,Toev. s. v. suggests ālu-a › āluva › ālupa] = āluka the edible root of Amorphophallus Campanulatus J.IV,46 (= āluka-kaṇḍa C.).<br><br> the form <i>āluva</i> occurs at Ap 237. (Page 110),5,1
  1169. 31635,en,15,ama,āma,Āma,Āma,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Vedic āma = Gr. w]mόs,connected with Lat. amārus. The more common P. form is <i>āmaka</i> (q. v.)] raw,viz. (a) unbaked (of an earthen vessel),unfinished Sn.443; (b) uncooked (of flesh),nt. raw flesh,only in foll. cpds.:<i>°gandha</i> “smell of raw flesh”,verminous odour,a smell attributed in particular to rotting corpses (cp. similarly BSk. āmagandha M Vastu III,214) D.II,242 sq.; A.I,280; Sn.241,242 (= vissagandha kuṇapagandha SnA 286),248,251; Dhs.625; and <i>°giddha</i> greedy after flesh (used as bait) J.VI,416 (= āmasaṅkhāta āmisa C.). (Page 103),3,1
  1170. 31636,en,15,ama,āma,Āma,Āma,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [a specific Pāli formation representing either amma (q. v.) or a gradation of pron. base amu° “that” (see asu),thus deictic-emphatic exclam<sup>n.</sup> Cp. also BSk. āma e. g. Av. Ś I.36] affirmative part. “yes,indeed,certainly” D.I,192 sq. (as v. l. BB.; T. has āmo); J.I,115,226 (in C. expl<sup>n.</sup> of T. amā-jāta which is to be read for āmajāta); II,92; V,448; Miln.11,19,253; DhA.I,10,34; II,39,44; VvA.69; PvA.12,22,56,61,75,93 etc. (Page 103),3,1
  1171. 31661,en,15,amacca,amacca,Amacca,Amacca,[Vedic amātya (only in meaning “companion”),adj. formation fr. amā an adverbial Loc.-Gen. of pron. 1<sup>st</sup> person,Sk. ahaṃ = Idg. *emo (cp. Sk. m-ama),meaning “(those) of me or with me”,i. e. those who are in my house] 1. friend,companion,fellow-worker,helper,esp. one who gives his advice,a bosom-friend It.73; J.VI,512 (sahajātā amaccā); Pv.II,6<sup>20</sup> (a °- paricārikā welladvising friends as company or around him). Freq. in comb<sup>n.</sup> with mitta as <i>mitt</i>’<i>âmaccā</i>,friends &#38; colleagues D.III,189--90; S 190 = A.II,67; PvA.29; or with <i>ñātī</i> (ñāti-sālohitā intimate friends &#38; near-relations),mittâmaccā ñātisālohitā Vin.II,126; Sn.p. 104 (= mittā ca kammakarā ca SnA 447); mittā vā amaccā vā ñātī vā sālohitā vā A.I,222; PvA.28; amaccā ñāti-saṅghā ca A.I,152. ‹-› 2. Especially a king’s intimate friend,king’s favourite,confidant J.I,262; PvA.73 (°kula),74 (amaccā ca purohito ca),81 (sabba-kammika amacca),93; and his special adviser or privy councillor,as such distinguished from the official ministers (purohita,mahāmatta,pārisajja); usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>pārisajjā</i> (pl.) viz. D.I,136 (= piya-sahāyaka DA.I,297,but cp. the foll. expl<sup>n.</sup> of pārisajjā as “sesā āṇatti-karā”); Vin.I,348; D.III,64 (amaccā pārisajjā gaṇakamahāmattā); A.I,142 (catunnaṃ mahārājānaṃ a. pārisajjā). See on the question of ministers in general Fick,Sociale Gliederung p. 93,164 &#38; Banerjea,Public Administration in Ancient India pp. 106--120. (Page 73),6,1
  1172. 31772,en,15,amaddana,āmaddana,Āmaddana,Āmaddana,(nt.) [ā + maddana of <em>mṛd</em>] crushing VvA.311. (Page 104),8,1
  1173. 31923,en,15,amajata,amājāta,Amājāta,Amājāta,(adj.) [amā + jāta; amā adv. “at home”,Vedic amā,see under amacca] born in the house,of a slave J.I,226 (dāsa,so read for āmajāta,an old mistake,expl<sup>d.</sup> by C. forcibly as “āma ahaṃ vo dāsī ti”!). See also āmāya. (Page 73),7,1
  1174. 31934,en,15,amajja,amajja,Amajja,Amajja,[etym.?] a bud J.V,416 (= makula C.). (Page 73),6,1
  1175. 31950,en,15,amajjapayaka,amajjapāyaka,Amajjapāyaka,Amajjapāyaka,[a + majja + pāyaka,cp. Sk. amadyapa] one who abstains from intoxicants,a teetotaler J.II,192. (Page 73),12,1
  1176. 31966,en,15,amaka,āmaka,Āmaka,Āmaka,(adj.) [= āma<sup>2</sup>] raw,uncooked D.I,5 = Pug.58 (°maṃsa raw flesh); M.I,80 (titta-kalābu āmaka-cchinno).<br><br> <i>--dhañña</i> “raw” grain,corn in its natural,unprepared state D.I,5 = Pug.58 (see DA.I,78 for definition); Vin.IV,264; V,135. <i>--sāka</i> raw vegetables Vism.70. <i>--susāna</i> “cemetery of raw flesh” charnelgrove (cp. āmagandha under ama<sup>2</sup>),i. e. fetid smelling cremation ground J.I,264,489; IV,45 sq.; VI,10; DhA.I,176; VvA.76; PvA.196. (Page 103),5,1
  1177. 32040,en,15,amala,amala,Amala,Amala,(adj.) [a + mala] without stain or fault J.V,4; Sdhp.246,591,596. (Page 73),5,1
  1178. 32057,en,15,amalaka,āmalaka,Āmalaka,Āmalaka,[cp. Sk. āmalaka] emblic myrobalan,Phyllanthus Emblica Vin.I,201,278; II,149 (°vaṇṭika pīthu); S.I,150; A.V,170; Sn.p. 125 (°matti); J.IV,363; V,380 (as v. l. for T. āmala); Miln.11; DhA.I,319; VvA.7. (Page 104),7,1
  1179. 32116,en,15,amalaki,āmalakī,Āmalakī,Āmalakī,(f.) āmalaka Vin.I,30; M.I,456 (°vana). (Page 104),7,1
  1180. 32151,en,15,amama,amama,Amama,Amama,(adj.) [a + mama,Gen. of ahaṃ,pron. 1<sup>st</sup> person,lit. “not (saying:this is) of me”] not egotistical,unselfish Sn.220 (+ subbata),777; J.IV,372 (+ nirāsaya); VI,259 (= mamāyana-taṇhā-rahita C.); Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup> (= mamaṅkāravirahita PvA.230); Mhvs 1,66,comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>nirāsa</i> (free from longing),at Sn.469 = 494; Ud.32; J.IV,303; VI,259. (Page 73),5,1
  1181. 32158,en,15,amamaka,amāmaka,Amāmaka,Amāmaka,(adj.) [a + mama + ka,cp. amama] “not of me” i. e. not belonging to my party,not siding with me DhA.I,66. (Page 73),7,1
  1182. 32294,en,15,amandaliya,āmaṇḍaliya,Āmaṇḍaliya,Āmaṇḍaliya,[ā + maṇḍala + iya] a formation resembling a circle,in phrase <i>°ṃ karoti</i> to form a ring (of people) or a circle,to stand closely together M I 225 (cp. Sk. āmaṇḍalikaroti). (Page 104),10,1
  1183. 32391,en,15,amanta,āmanta,Āmanta,Āmanta,(adj.-adv.) [either ger. of āmanteti (q. v.) or root der. fr. ā + <i>mant</i>,cp. āmantaṇā] asking or asked,invited,only as <i>an°</i> without being asked,unasked,uninvited Vin.I,254 (°cāra); A.III,259 (id.). (Page 104),6,1
  1184. 32406,en,15,amantana,āmantana,Āmantana,Āmantana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°nā</i> (f.,also <i>°ṇā</i>) [from āmanteti] addressing,calling; invitation,greeting Sn.40 (ep. Nd<sup>2</sup> 128); <i>°vacana</i> the address-form of speech i. e. the vocative case (cp. Sk. āmantritaṃ id.) SnA 435; KhA 167. (Page 104),8,1
  1185. 32413,en,15,amantanaka,āmantanaka,Āmantanaka,Āmantanaka,(adj.-n.) [fr. āmantana] addressing,speaking to,conversing; f. <i>°ikā</i> interlocutor,companion,favourite queen Vv 18<sup>8</sup> (= allāpa-sallāpa-yoggā kīḷanakāle vā tena (i. e. Sakkena) āmantetabbā VvA.96). (Page 104),10,1
  1186. 32434,en,15,amantaniya,āmantaṇīya,Āmantaṇīya,Āmantaṇīya,(adj.) [grd. of āmanteti] to be addressed J.IV,371. (Page 104),10,1
  1187. 32460,en,15,amanteti,āmanteti,Āmanteti,Āmanteti,[denom. of ā + *mantra] to call,address,speak to,invite,consult J.VI,265; DA.I,297; SnA 487 (= ālapati &#38; avhayati); PvA.75,80,127. -- aor. <i>āmantesi</i> D.II,16; Sn.p. 78 (= ālapi SnA 394) &#38; in poetry <i>āmantayi</i> Sn.997; Pv.II,2<sup>7</sup>; 3<sup>7</sup> (perhaps better with v. l. SS samantayi). -- ger. <i>āmanta</i> (= Sk. *āmantrya) J.III,209,315 (= āmantayitvāˊ C.),329; IV,111; V,233; VI,511. ‹-› pp. <i>āmantita</i> (q. v.). -- Caus. II. <i>āmantāpeti</i> to invite to come,to cause to be called,to send for D.I,134 (v. l. āmanteti); Miln.149. (Page 104),8,1
  1188. 32476,en,15,amantita,āmantita,Āmantita,Āmantita,[pp. of āmanteti] addressed,called,invited Pv.II,3<sup>13</sup> (= nimantita PvA.86). (Page 104),8,1
  1189. 32506,en,15,amanusa,amānusa,Amānusa,Amānusa,(adj.) [Vedic amānuṣa,usually of demons,but also of gods; a + mānusa,cp. amanussa] non- or superhuman,unhuman,demonic,peculiar to a non-human (Peta or Yakkha) Pv.II,12<sup>20</sup> (kāma); IV,1<sup>57</sup> (as n.); IV,3<sup>6</sup> (gandha,of Petas). -- f. °ī Dh.373 (rati = dibbā rati DhA.IV,110); Pv III,7<sup>9</sup> (ratti,love). (Page 73),7,1
  1190. 32532,en,15,amanussa,amanussa,Amanussa,Amanussa,[a + manussa] a being which is not human,a fairy demon,ghost,god,spirit,yakkha Vin.I,277; D.II,116; S.I,91,J.I,99; Dhs.617; Miln.207; DhsA.319; DhA.I,13 (°pariggahīta haunted); PvA.216. -- Cp. amānusa. (Page 73),8,1
  1191. 32639,en,15,amanussika,amanussika,Amanussika,Amanussika,(adj.) [fr. amanussa] belonging to or caused by a spirit Vin.I,202,203 (°âbādha being possessed by a demon). (Page 73),10,1
  1192. 32680,en,15,amara,amara,Amara,Amara,(adj.) [a + mara from <em>mṛ</em>] not mortal,not subject to death Th.1,276; Sn.249 (= amara-bhāva -patthanatāya pavatta-kāya-kilesa SnA 291); J.V,80 (= amaraṇa-sabhāva),218; Dāvs.V,62. (Page 73),5,1
  1193. 32696,en,15,amara,amarā,Amarā,Amarā,(?) a kind of slippery fish,an eel (?) Only in expression <i>amarā-vikkhepika</i> eel-wobbler,one who practices eel-wriggling,fr. °vikkhepa “oscillation like the a. fish”. In English idiom “a man who sits on the fence” D.I,24; M.I,521; Ps.I,155. The expl<sup>n.</sup> given by Bdhgh at DA.I,115 is “amarā nāma maccha-jāti,sā ummujjana-nimmujjan-ādi vasena . . gahetuṃ na sakkoti” etc. This meaning is not beyond doubt,but Kern’s expl<sup>n.</sup> Toev. 71 does not help to clear it up. (Page 73),5,1
  1194. 32794,en,15,amaratta,amaratta,Amaratta,Amaratta,(nt.) [abstr. fr. amara] immortality J.V,223 (= devatta C.). (Page 73),8,1
  1195. 32928,en,15,amasana,āmasana,Āmasana,Āmasana,(nt.) [fr. āmasati] touching,handling; touch Vin.IV,214. Cp. III,11<sup>8</sup>; Miln.127,306; DA.I,78. (Page 104),7,1
  1196. 32946,en,15,amasati,āmasati,Āmasati,Āmasati,[ā + masati fr. <em>mṛś</em>] to touch (upon),to handle,to lay hold on Vin.II,221; III,48 (kumbhiṃ); J.III,319 (id.); A.V,263,266; J.IV,67; Ps.II,209; Miln.306; SnA 400; DhsA.302; VvA.17. -- aor. <i>āmasi</i> J.II,360; ger. <i>āmasitvā</i> Vin.III,140 (udakapattaṃ) J.II,330; grd. <i>āmassa</i> J.II,360 (an°) and <i>āmasitabba</i> id. (C.). -- pp. <i>āmaṭṭha </i>&<i> āmasita</i> (q. v.). (Page 104),7,1
  1197. 32956,en,15,amasaya,āmāsaya,Āmāsaya,Āmāsaya,[āma<sup>2</sup> + āsaya,cp. Sk. āmāśaya &#38; āmāśraya] receptacle of undigested food,i. e. the stomach Vism.260; KhA 59. Opp. pakkāsaya. (Page 104),7,1
  1198. 32963,en,15,amasita,āmasita,Āmasita,Āmasita,[pp. of āmasati] touched,taken hold of,occupied VvA.113 (an° khetta virgin land). (Page 104),7,1
  1199. 32981,en,15,amassuka,amassuka,Amassuka,Amassuka,(adj.) [a + massu + ka] beardless J.II,185. (Page 73),8,1
  1200. 32996,en,15,amata,amata,Amata,Amata,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [see amata<sup>1</sup>] belonging to Amṛta = ambrosial Sn.452 = S.I,189 (amatā vācā = amata-sadisā sādubhāvena SnA 399:“ambrosial”),960 (gacchato amataṃ disaṃ = nibbānaṃ,taṃ hi amatan ti tathā niddisitabbato disā cā ti SnA 572). Perhaps also at It.46 = 62 (amataṃ dhātuṃ = ambrosial state or Amṛta as dhātu). (Page 73),5,1
  1201. 32997,en,15,amata,amata,Amata,Amata,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [a + mata = mṛta pp. of <em>mṛ</em>,Vedic amṛta = Gr. a]--m(b)rot-o &#38; a]mbrosi/a = Lat. im-mort-a(lis) 1. The drink of the gods,ambrosia,water of immortality,(cp. BSk. amṛta-varṣa “rain of Ambrosia” Jtm 221). -- 2. A general conception of a state of durability &#38; non-change,a state of security i. e. where there is not any more rebirth or re-death. So Bdhgh at KhA 180 (on Sn.225) “na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati ti amatan ti vuccati”,or at DhA.I,228 “ajātattā na jiyyati na miyyati tasmā amatan ti vuccati”. -- Vin.I,7 = M.I,169 (apārutā tesaṃ amatassa dvārā); Vin.I,39; D.II,39,217,241; S.I,32 (= rāgadosamoha-khayo),193; III,2 (°ena abhisitta “sprinkled with A.”); IV,94 (°assa dātā),370; V,402 (°assa patti); A.I,45 sq.; III,451; IV,455; V,226 sq.,256 sq. (°assa dātā); J.I,4 (V.25); IV,378,386; V,456 (°mahā-nibbāna); Sn.204,225,228 (= nibbāna KhA 185); Th.1,310 (= agada antidote); It.46 = 62 (as dhātu),80 (°assa dvāra); Dh.114,374 (= amata-mahā-nibbāna DhA.IV,110); Miln.258 (°dhura savanûpaga),319 (agado amataṃ &#38; nibbānaṃ amataṃ),336 (amatena lokaṃ abhisiñci Bhagavā),346 (dhamm’âmataṃ); DA.I,217 (°nibbāna); DhA.I,87 (°ṃ pāyeti); Dāvs II.34; V,31; Sdhp.1,209,530,571.<br><br> <i>--ogadha</i> diving into the ambrosia (of Nibbāna) S.V,41,54,181,220,232; A.III,79,304; IV,46 sq.,317,387; V,105 sq.; Sn.635; Th.1,179,748; Dh.411 (= amataṃ nibbānaṃ ogahetvā DhA.IV,186); Vv 50<sup>20</sup>. <i>--osadha</i> the medicine of Ambrosia,ambrosial medicine Miln.247. <i>--gāmin</i> going or leading to the ambrosia (of Nibbāna) S.I,123; IV,370; V,8; A.III,329; Th.2,222. <i>--dasa</i> one who sees Amata or Nibbāna Th.1,336. <i>--dundubhi</i> the drum of the Immortal (Nibbāna) M.I,171 = Vin.I,8 (has °dudrabhi). <i>--dvāra</i> the door to Nibbāna M.I,353; S.I,137 = Vin.I,5; S.II,43,45,58,80; A.V,346. <i>--dhātu</i> the element of Ambrosia or Nibbāna A.III,356. <i>--patta</i> having attained to Ambrosia A.IV,455. <i>--pada</i> the region or place of Ambrosia S.I,212 (“Bourne Ambrosial” trsl<sup>n.</sup> p. 274); II,280; Dh.21 (= amatassa adhigama-vupāyo vuttaṃ hoti DhA.I,228). <i>--phala</i> ambrosial fruit S.I,173 = Sn.80. <i>--magga</i> the path to Ambrosia DhA.I,94. (Page 73),5,1
  1202. 33012,en,15,amata,āmata,Āmata,Āmata,in anāmata at J.II,56 is métric for <i>amata</i>. (Page 104),5,1
  1203. 33019,en,15,amatabbaka,amatabbāka,Amatabbāka,Amatabbāka,(?) at VvA.111,Acc. to Hardy (Index) “a precious stone of dark blue colour”. (Page 73),10,1
  1204. 33366,en,15,amatika,amātika,Amātika,Amātika,(adj.) [a + mātika from mātā] without a mother,motherless J.V,251. (Page 73),7,1
  1205. 33397,en,15,amattannu,amattaññu,Amattaññu,Amattaññu,(adj.) [a + matta + °ñu = Sk. amātrajña] not knowing any bounds (in the taking of food),intemperate,immoderate It.23 (bhojanamhi); Dh.7 (id.); Pug.21. (Page 73),9,1
  1206. 33413,en,15,amattannuta,amattaññutā,Amattaññutā,Amattaññutā,(f.) [abstr. to prec.] immoderation (in food) D.III,213; It.23 (bhojane); Pug.21; Dhs.1346 (bhojane); DhsA.402. (Page 73),11,1
  1207. 33433,en,15,amatteyyata,amatteyyatā,Amatteyyatā,Amatteyyatā,(f.) [from matteyyatā] irreverence towards one’s mother D.III,70,71. (Page 73),11,1
  1208. 33442,en,15,amattha,āmaṭṭha,Āmaṭṭha,Āmaṭṭha,[Sk. āmṛṣṭa,pp. of āmasati; cp. āmasita] touched,handled J.I,98 (an°); DA.I,107 (= parāmaṭṭha); Sdhp.333. (Page 103),7,1
  1209. 33478,en,15,amattika,āmattikā,Āmattikā,Āmattikā,(f.) [ā + mattikā] earthenware,crockery; in <i>°āpaṇa</i> a crockery shop,chandler’s shop Vin.IV,243. (Page 104),8,1
  1210. 33527,en,15,amaya,amāya,Amāya,Amāya,(adj.) [a + māyā] not deceiving,open,honest Sn.941 (see Nd<sup>1</sup> 422:māyā vuccati vañcanikā cariyā). Cp. next. (Page 73),5,1
  1211. 33536,en,15,amaya,āmaya,Āmaya,Āmaya,[etym.? cp. Sk. āmaya] affliction,illness,misery; only as <i>an°</i> (adj.) not afflicted,not decaying,healthy,well (cp. BSk. nirāmaya Aśvaghoṣa II.9) Vin.I,294; Vv 15<sup>10</sup> (= aroga VvA.74); 17<sup>7</sup>; 36<sup>8</sup>; J.III,260,528; IV,427; VI,23. Positive only very late,e. g. Sdhp.397. (Page 104),5,1
  1212. 33540,en,15,amaya,āmāya,Āmāya,Āmāya,(adj.) [to be considered either a der. from amā (see amājāta in same meaning) or to be spelt amāya which metri causa may be written ā°] “born in the house” (cp. semantically Gr. i)qagenήs › indigenous),inborn,being by birth,in cpd. <i>°dāsa</i> (dāsī) a born slave,a slave by birth J.VI,117 (= gehadāsiyā kucchismiṃ jātadasī C.),285 (= dāsassa dāsiyā kucchimhi jātadāsā). (Page 104),5,1
  1213. 33558,en,15,amayavin,amāyāvin,Amāyāvin,Amāyāvin,(adj.) [a + māyāvin,cp. amāya] without guile,not deceiving,honest D.III,47 (asaṭha +),55 (id.),237; DhA.I,69 (asaṭhena a.). (Page 74),8,1
  1214. 33571,en,15,amba,amba,Amba,Amba,[Derivation unknown. Not found in pre-Buddhist literature. The Sk. is āmra. Probably non-Aryan],the Mango tree,Mangifera Indica D.I,46,53,235; J.II,105,160; Vv 79<sup>10</sup>; Pug.45; Miln.46; PvA.153,187.<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhi</i> the kernel or stone of the m. fruit DhA.III,207,208. <i>--ārāma</i> a garden of mangoes,mango grove Vv 79<sup>5</sup>; VvA.305. <i>--kañjika</i> mango gruel Vv 33<sup>37</sup> (= ambilakañjika VvA.147). <i>--pakka</i> a (ripe) mango fruit J.II,104,394; DhA.III,207. <i>--panta</i> a border of mango trees VvA.198. <i>--pānaka</i> a drink made from mangoes DhA.III,207. <i>--piṇḍi</i> a bunch of mangoes J.III,53; DhA.III,207. <i>--pesikā</i> the peel,rind,of the m. fruit Vin.II,109. <i>--potaka</i> a mango sprout DhA.III,206 sq. <i>--phala</i> a m. fruit PvA.273,274. <i>--rukkha</i> a m. tree DhA.III,207; VvA.198. <i>--vana</i> a m. grove or wood D.II,126; J.I,139; VvA.305. <i>--siñcaka</i> one who waters the mangoes,a tender or keeper of mangoes Vv 79<sup>7</sup>. (Page 74),4,1
  1215. 33649,en,15,ambaka,ambaka,Ambaka,Ambaka,<sup>2</sup> [demin. of amba] a little mango,only in <i>°maddarī</i> a kiṇd of bird [etym. uncertain] A.I,188. (Page 74),6,1
  1216. 33650,en,15,ambaka,ambaka,Ambaka,Ambaka,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [= ambakā?] “womanish” (?),inferior,silly,stupid,of narrow intellect. Occurs only with reference to a woman,in comb<sup>n.</sup> with bālā A.III,349 (v. l. amma°) = V,139 (where spelt <i>ambhaka</i> with v. l. appaka° and gloss andhaka); V,150 (spelt <i>ambhaka</i> perhaps in diff. meaning).<br><br> <i>--maddarī</i> see next. (Page 74),6,1
  1217. 33656,en,15,ambaka,ambakā,Ambakā,Ambakā,(f.) [Sk. ambikā demin. of ambī mother,wife,see P. amma &#38; cp. also Sk. ambālikā f.] mother,good wife,used as a general endearing term for a woman Vin.I,232 = D.II,97 (here in play of words with Ambapālī expl<sup>d.</sup> by Bdhgh at Vin.I,385 as ambakā ti itthiyikā). (Page 74),6,1
  1218. 33680,en,15,ambala,ambala,Ambala,Ambala,at J.II,246 (°koṭṭhaka-āsana-sālā) for ambara<sup>1</sup> (?) or for ambaka<sup>2</sup> (?),or should we read kambala°?. (Page 74),6,1
  1219. 33879,en,15,ambara,ambara,Ambara,Ambara,<sup>2</sup> (m.-nt.) [etym. = ambara<sup>1</sup> (?) or more likely a distortion of kambala; for the latter speaks the comb<sup>n.</sup> rattambara = ratta-kambala. -- The word would thus be due to an erroneous syllable division rattak-ambala (= ambara) instead of ratta-kambala] some sort of cloth and an (upper) garment made of it (cp. kambala) Vv 53<sup>7</sup> (ratt° = uttariya VvA.236). (Page 74),6,1
  1220. 33880,en,15,ambara,ambara,Ambara,Ambara,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic ambara circumference,horizon] the sky,Dāvs.I,38; IV,51; V,32. -- Note. At J.V,390 we have to read muraja-ālambara,and not mura-jāla-ambara. (Page 74),6,1
  1221. 33963,en,15,ambataka,ambāṭaka,Ambāṭaka,Ambāṭaka,the hog-plum,Spondias Mangifera (a kind of mango) Vin.II,17 (°vana); DA.I,271 (°rukkha). (Page 74),8,1
  1222. 34112,en,15,ambha,ambha,Ambha,Ambha, &#38; Ambho (nt.) [see ambu] water,sea Dāvs.IV,54. (Page 74),5,1
  1223. 34117,en,15,ambhaka,ambhaka,Ambhaka,Ambhaka,see <i>ambaka</i>. (Page 74),7,1
  1224. 34128,en,15,ambho,ambho,Ambho,Ambho,(indecl.) [fr. haṃ + bho,see bho,orig. “hallo you there”] part. of exclamation,employed:1. to draw attention = look here,hey! hallo! Vin.III,73 (= ālapan’âdhivacana); J.II,3; PvA.62. -- 2. to mark reproach &#38; anger = you silly,you rascal D.I,194; It.114; J.I,174 (v. l. amho),254; Miln.48. (Page 74),5,1
  1225. 34152,en,15,ambila,ambila,Ambila,Ambila,(adj.) [Sk. amla = Lat. amarus] sour,acid; one of the 6 rasas or tastes,viz. a.,lavaṇa,tittaka,kaṭuka,kasāya,madhura (see under rasa):thus at Miln.56. Another enumeration at Nd<sup>2</sup> 540 &#38; Dhs.629. -- J.I,242 (°anambila),505 (loṇ°); II,394 (loṇ°); DA.I,270 (°yāgu sour gruel); DhA.II,85 (ati-ambila,with accuṇha &#38; atisīta). (Page 74),6,1
  1226. 34253,en,15,ambu,ambu,Ambu,Ambu,(nt.) [Vedic ambu &#38; ambhas = Gr. o)/mbros,Lat. imber rain; cp. also Sk. abhra rain-cloud &#38; Gr. a)frόs scum:see P. abbha] water J.V,6; Nd<sup>1</sup> 202 (a. vuccati udakaṃ); Dāvs II.16. -- Cp. <i>ambha</i>.<br><br> <i>--cārin</i> “living in the water”,a fish Sn.62 (= maccha Nd<sup>2</sup> 91). <i>--sevāla</i> a water-plant Th.1,113. (Page 74),4,1
  1227. 34265,en,15,ambuda,ambuda,Ambuda,Ambuda,[ambu + da fr. <em>dā</em>] “water-giver”,a cloud Dāvs.V,32; Sdhp.270,275. (Page 74),6,1
  1228. 34283,en,15,ambuja,ambuja,Ambuja,Ambuja,(m. &#38; nt.) [ambu + ja of <em>jan</em>] “water-born”,i. e. 1. (m.) a fish S.I,52. -- 2. (nt.) a lotus Sn.845 (= paduma Nd<sup>1</sup> 202); Dāvs.V,46; Sdhp.360. (Page 74),6,1
  1229. 34351,en,15,amendita,āmeṇḍita,Āmeṇḍita,Āmeṇḍita,(or <i>Āmeḍita</i>) [Sk. āmreḍita fram ā + <em>mreḍ</em>,dialectical] -- (nt.) sympathy in °ṃ karoti to show sympathy (? so Morris J.P.T.S. 1887,106) DA.I,228 = SnA 155 (v. l. at DA. āmeḍita). (Page 104),8,1
  1230. 34370,en,15,amha,amha,Amha,Amha,Amhi see <i>atthi</i>. (Page 74),4,1
  1231. 34371,en,15,amha,amha,Amha,Amha, &#38; Amhan (nt.) [Sk. aśman,see also asama<sup>2</sup>] a stone Sn.443 (Instr. amhanā,but SnA 392 reads asmanā = pāsāṇena).<br><br> <i>--maya</i> made of stone,hard Dh.161 (= pāsāṇa° DhA.III,151). (Page 74),4,1
  1232. 34382,en,15,amha,amhā,Amhā,Amhā,(f.) [etym. uncertain; Morris J.P.T.S. 1889,201 too vague] a cow (?) A.I,229. The C. says nothing. (Page 74),4,1
  1233. 34406,en,15,amhakam,amhākaṃ,Amhākaṃ,Amhākaṃ,Amhe see <i>ahaṃ</i>. (Page 74),7,1
  1234. 34455,en,15,amho,amho,Amho,Amho,<i> = ambho</i> J.I,174 (v. l.). (Page 74),4,1
  1235. 34458,en,15,amilaka,āmilāka,Āmilāka,Āmilāka,(nt.?) [etym.?] a woollen cover into which a floral pattern is woven DA.I,87. (Page 104),7,1
  1236. 34480,en,15,amilatata,amilātatā,Amilātatā,Amilātatā,(f.) [a + milāta + tā] the condition of not being withered J.V,156. (Page 74),9,1
  1237. 34497,en,15,amisa,āmisa,Āmisa,Āmisa,(nt.) [der. fr. āma raw,q. v. for etym. -- Vedic āmis (m.); later Sk. āmiṣa (nt.),both in lit. &#38; fig. meaning] ‹-› 1. originally raw meat; hence prevailing notion of “raw,unprepared,uncultivated”; thus <i>°khāra</i> raw lye Vin.I,206. -- 2. “fleshy,of the flesh” (as opposed to mind or spirit),hence material,physical; generally in opposition to <i>dhamma</i> (see dhamma B 1. a. and also next no.),thus at M.I,12 (°dāyāda); It.101 (id.); A.I,91 = It.98 (°dāna material gifts opp. to spiritual ones); Dhs.1344 (°paṭisanthāra hospitality towards bodily needs,cp. Dhs.trsl. 350). -- 3. food,esp. palatable food (cp. E. sweetmeat); food for enjoyment,dainties Vin.II,269 sq.; J.II,6; Miln.413 (lok°); DA.I,83 (°sannidhi),-- 4. bait S.I,67; IV,158; J.IV,57,219; VI,416; DA.I,270. -- 5. gain,reward,money,douceur,gratuity,“tip” PvA.36,46; esp. in phrase <i>°kiñcikkha-hetu</i> for the sake of some (little) gain S.II,234; A.I,128; V,265,283 sq.,293 sq.; Pug.29; Pv.II,8<sup>3</sup> (= kiñci āmisaṃ patthento PvA.107); Miln.93; VvA.241 (= bhogahetu). -- 6. enjoyment Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup> (= kāmāmise-laggacitto PvA.107). -- 7. greed,desire,lust Vin.I,303 (°antara out of greed,selfish,opp. mettacitto); A.III,144 (id.),184 (id.); I,73 (°garū parisā); J.V,91 (°cakkhu); Ps.II,238 (mār°). See also cpds. with nir° and sa°. (Page 104),5,1
  1238. 34780,en,15,amitabha,amitābha,Amitābha,Amitābha,(adj.) [a + mita (pp. of <em>mā</em>) + ā + <em>bhā</em>] of boundless or immeasurable splendour Sdhp.255. (Page 74),8,1
  1239. 34838,en,15,amitta,amitta,Amitta,Amitta,[Vedic amitra; a + mitta] one who is not friend,an enemy D.III,185; It.83; Sn.561 (= paccatthika SnA 455); Dh.66,207; J.VI,274 (°tāpana harassing the enemies). (Page 74),6,1
  1240. 34932,en,15,amma,amma,Amma,Amma,(indecl.) [Voc. of ammā] endearing term,used (1) by children in addressing their mother = mammy,mother dear D.I,93; J.II,133; IV,1,281 (amma tāta uṭṭhetha daddy,mammy,get up!); DhA.II,87; PvA.73,74. ‹-› (2) in general when addressing a woman familiarly = good woman,my (good) lady,dear,thus to a woman J.I,292; PvA.63; DhA.II,44; to a girl PvA.6; to a daughter DhA.II,48; III,172. -- Cp. <i>ambakā</i>. (Page 74),4,1
  1241. 34941,en,15,amma,ammā,Ammā,Ammā,(f.) [onomat. from child language; Sk. ambā,cp. Gr. a)mmaζ mother,Oisl. amma “granny”,Ohg. amma “mammy”,nurse; also Lat. amita father’s sister &#38; amāre to love] mother J.III,392 (Gen. ammāya). -- Voc. <i>amma</i> (see sep.). (Page 74),4,1
  1242. 34958,en,15,ammana,ammaṇa,Ammaṇa,Ammaṇa,(nt.) [of uncertain etym.; Sk. armaṇa is Sanskritised Pāli. See on form &#38; meaning Childers s. v. and Kern,Toev. p. 72] 1. a trough J.V,297; VI,381 (bhatt°). ‹-› 2. a certain measure of capacity J.I,62; II,436 (taṇḍul°). ‹-› As <i>°ka</i> at J.II,117 (v. l. ampaṇaka); DA.I,84. (Page 74),6,1
  1243. 34977,en,15,amo,āmo,Āmo,Āmo,= āma D.I,192,3. (Page 104),3,1
  1244. 35008,en,15,amoda,āmoda,Āmoda,Āmoda,[Sk. āmoda,fr. ā + <em>mud</em>] that which pleases; fragrance,perfume Dāvs.V,51. (Page 104),5,1
  1245. 35018,en,15,amodamana,āmodamāna,Āmodamāna,Āmodamāna,(adj.) [ppr. med. of āmodeti] rejoicing,glad S.I,100 (v. l. anu°) = It.66; Vv 64<sup>8</sup> (= pamodamāna VvA.278); J.V,45. (Page 104),9,1
  1246. 35027,en,15,amodana,āmodanā,Āmodanā,Āmodanā,(f.) [fr. ā + <em>mud</em>] rejoicing Dhs.86,285. (Page 104),7,1
  1247. 35062,en,15,amodeti,āmodeti,Āmodeti,Āmodeti,[Sk. āmodayati,Caus. of ā + <em>mud</em>] to please,gladden,satisfy Th.1,649 (cittaṃ); J.V,34. -- pp. <i>āmodita</i> (q. v.). (Page 104),7,1
  1248. 35070,en,15,amodita,āmodita,Āmodita,Āmodita,[pp. fr. āmodeti] pleased,satisfied,glad J.I,17 (V.80); V,45 (°pamodita highly pleased); Miln.346. (Page 104),7,1
  1249. 35116,en,15,amoha,amoha,Amoha,Amoha,(adj.) [a + moha,cp. Sk. amogha] not dull. As n. absence of stupidity or delusion D.III,214; Pug.25. ‹-› The form <i>amogha</i> occurs at J.VI,26 in the meaning of “efficacious,auspicious” (said of ratyā nights). (Page 74),5,1
  1250. 35208,en,15,amsa,aṃsa,Aṃsa,Aṃsa,<sup>2</sup> [see next] point,corner,edge; freg. in comb<sup>n</sup> with numerals,e. g. <i>catur°</i> four-cornered,<i>chaḷ°</i>,<i> aṭṭh°</i>,<i> soḷas°</i> etc. (q. v.) all at Dhs.617 (cp. DhsA.317). In connection with a Vimāna:<i>āyat°</i> with wide or protruding capitals (of its pillars) Vv 84<sup>15</sup>; as part of a carriagepole Vv 64<sup>2</sup> (= kubbara-phale patiṭṭhitā heṭṭhima-aṃsā VvA.265). (Page 1),4,1
  1251. 35209,en,15,amsa,aṃsa,Aṃsa,Aṃsa,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic aṃsa; cp. Gr. w]μos,Lat. umerus,Goth ams,Arm. us] (a) the shoulder A v. 110; Sn.609. <i>aṃse karoti</i> to put on the shoulder,to shoulder J.I,9. (b.) a part (lit. side) (cp. °āsa in <i>koṭṭhāsa</i> and expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>aṃsa</i> as <i>koṭṭhāsa</i> at DA.I,312,also v. l. <i>mettāsa</i> for <i>mettaṃsa</i> at It.22). -- <i>atīt’aṃse</i> in former times,formerly D.II,224; Th.2,314. <i>mettaṃsa</i> sharing friendship (with) A.IV,151 = It.22 = J.IV,71 (in which connection Miln.402 reads <i>ahiṃsā</i>). -- Disjunctive <i>ekena aṃsena </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> ekena aṃsena</i> on the one hand (side) . . . on the other,partly . . . partly A.I,61. From this:<i>ekaṃsa</i> (adj.) on the one hand (only),i. e. incomplete (opp. <i>ubhayaṃsa</i>) or (as not admitting of a counterpart) definite,certain,without doubt (opp. <i>dvidhā</i>):see <i>ekaṃsa</i>.<i> -- paccaṃsena</i> according to each one’s share A.III,38. <i>puṭaṃsena</i> with a knapsack for provisions D.I,117; A II 183; cp. DA.I,288,with v. l. <i>puṭosena</i> at both passages.<br><br> <i>--kūṭa</i> “shoulder prominence”,the shoulder Vin.III,127; DhA.III,214; IV,136; VvA.121. -- <i>vaṭṭaka</i> a shoulder strap (mostly comb<sup>d</sup> with kāyabandhana; vv. ll. °vaddhaka,°bandhaka) Vin.I,204 (T. °bandhaka); II,114 (ddh); IV,170 (ddh); Vv 33<sup>40</sup> (T. °bandhana,C. v. l. °vaṭṭaka); DhA.III,452. (Page 1),4,1
  1252. 35249,en,15,amsi,aṃsi,Aṃsi,Aṃsi,(f.) [cp. Vedic aśri,aśra,aśani; Gr. a)/kros pointed,a)/kris,also o)cuζ sharp:Lat. ācer sharp. Further connections in Walde Lat. Wtb. under ācer] a corner,edge (= <i>aṃsa<sup>2</sup></i>) Vv 78<sup>2</sup> (= <i>aṃsa-bhāga</i> VvA.303). (Page 1),4,1
  1253. 35262,en,15,amsu,aṃsu,Aṃsu,Aṃsu,[cp. Sk. aṃśu (Halāyudha) a ray of light] a thread Vin.III,224. <i>--mālin</i>,sun Sāsv 1. (Page 1),4,1
  1254. 35289,en,15,amu°,amu°,Amu°,Amu°,base of demonstr. pron. “that”,see <i>asu</i>. (Page 74),4,1
  1255. 35321,en,15,amucchita,amucchita,Amucchita,Amucchita,(adj.) [a + mucchita] not infatuated (lit. not stupified or bewildered),not greedy; only in phrase agathita amucchita anajjhāpanna (or anajjhopanna) D.III,46; M.I,369; S.II,194. See ajjhopanna. (Page 74),9,1
  1256. 35429,en,15,amulh,amūḷh,Amūḷh,Amūḷh,a-vinaya “acquittal on the ground of restored sanity” (Childers) Vin.I,325 (IX.6,2); II,81 (IV.5),99 (IV.14,27); IV,207,351; M.II,248. (Page 74),5,1
  1257. 35483,en,15,amuncati,āmuñcati,Āmuñcati,Āmuñcati,[ā + <em>muc</em>] to put on,take up; to be attached to,cling to DhsA.305. -- pp. <i>āmutta</i> (q. v.). (Page 104),8,1
  1258. 35561,en,15,amutra,amutra,Amutra,Amutra,(adv.) [pron. base amu + tra] in that place,there; in another state of existence D.I,4,14,184; It.99. (Page 74),6,1
  1259. 35571,en,15,amutta,amutta,Amutta,Amutta,(adj.) [a + mutta] not released,not free from (c. Abl.) It.93 (mārabandhanā). (Page 74),6,1
  1260. 35583,en,15,amutta,āmutta,Āmutta,Āmutta,[Sk. āmukta,pp. of ā + <em>muc</em>,cp. also BSk. āmukta jewel Divy 2,3 etc.,a meaning which might also be seen in the later Pāli passages,e. g. at PvA.134. Semantically cp. ābharaṇa] having put on,clothed in,dressed with,adorned with (always °-) D.I,104 (°mālābharaṇa); Vin.II,156 = Vv 20<sup>8</sup> (°maṇi-kuṇḍala); S.I,211; J.IV,460; V,155; VI,492; Vv 72<sup>1</sup> (= paṭimukka); 80<sup>2</sup> (°hatthābharaṇa); Pv.II,9<sup>51</sup> (°maṇikuṇḍala);J.IV,183; VvA.182. (Page 104),6,1
  1261. 35643,en,15,an-,an-,An-,An-,form of the neg. prefix a-before vowels. For negatives beginning with an° see the positive. (Page 30),3,1
  1262. 35647,en,15,ana,aṇa,Aṇa,Aṇa,[Sk. ṛṇa; see etym. under iṇa,of which aṇa is a doublet. See also āṇaṇya] debt,only in neg. <i>anaṇa</i> (adj.) free from debt Vin.I,6 = S.I,137,234 = D.II,39; Th.2,364 (i. e. without a new birth); A.II,69; J.V,481; ThA.245. (Page 17),3,1
  1263. 35651,en,15,ana-,ana-,Ana-,Ana-,negative prefix,contained in <i>anappameyya</i>,(Th.1,1089),<i>anamatagga </i>&<i> anabhava</i>. See Vinaya Texts II,113. (Page 30),4,1
  1264. 35665,en,15,ana,āṇā,Āṇā,Āṇā,(f.) [Sk. ājñā,ā + <em>jñā</em>] order,command,authority Miln.253; DA.I,289; KhA 179,180,194; PvA.217; Sdhp.347,576. rāj’āṇā the king’s command or authority J.I,433; III,351; PvA.242. āṇaṃ deti to give an order J.I,398; °ṃ pavatteti to issue an order Miln.189,cp. āṇāpavatti J.III,504; IV,145. (Page 97),3,1
  1265. 35679,en,15,anabadha,anābādha,Anābādha,Anābādha,(adj.) [an + ābādha] safe and sound VvA.351. (Page 32),8,1
  1266. 35695,en,15,anabbhita,anabbhita,Anabbhita,Anabbhita,(adj.) [an + abbhita] not restored,not to be restored Vin.IV,242; Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup> (where reading prob. faulty &#38; due to a gloss; the id. p. at Th.2,129 has <i>ayācita</i> &#38; at J.III,165 <i>anavhāta;</i> PvA.64 expl<sup>s.</sup> by anavhāta,v. l. anabbhita). (Page 31),9,1
  1267. 35717,en,15,anabhava,anabhāva,Anabhāva,Anabhāva,[ana + bhāva] the utter cessation of becoming. In the oldest Pali only in adj. form anabhāvaṃ kata or gata. This again found only in a string of four adjectives together expressing the most utter destruction. They are used at Vin.III,3 of bad qualities,at S.II,63 of certain wrong opinions,at M.I,487; S.IV,62 = v.527 of the khandas,at M.I,331 of the Mental Intoxications (Āsavas),at A.IV,73 of certain tastes,of a bad kamma A.I,135,of evil passions A.I,137,184,218; II,214 of pride A.II,41,of craving A.II,249,of the bonds A.IV,8. In the supplement to the Dīgha (D.III,326) and in the Iti-vuttaka (p. 115) a later idiom,anabhāvaṃ gameti,cause to perish,is used of evil thoughts. Bdhgh (quoted Vin.III,267) reports as v. l. anubhāva. Cp. Nd I,90; and Nd<sup>2</sup> under pahīna. (Page 30),8,1
  1268. 35756,en,15,anabhijjha,anabhijjhā,Anabhijjhā,Anabhijjhā,(f.) [an + abhijjhā] absence of covetousness or desire D.III,229,269; Dhs.32,35,277. (Page 31),10,1
  1269. 35767,en,15,anabhijjhalu,anabhijjhālū,Anabhijjhālū,Anabhijjhālū,(adj.) [an + abhijjhālū] not greedy or covetous D.III,82; Pug.40. (Page 31),12,1
  1270. 35777,en,15,anabhijjhita,anabhijjhita,Anabhijjhita,Anabhijjhita,(adj.) [an + abhijjhita] not desired Sn.40 (cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 38); Vv 47<sup>4</sup> (= na abhikaṅkhita VvA.201). (Page 31),12,1
  1271. 35789,en,15,anabhinandati,anabhinandati,Anabhinandati,Anabhinandati,etc. see abhi° etc. (Page 31),13,1
  1272. 35839,en,15,anabhiraddha,anabhiraddha,Anabhiraddha,Anabhiraddha,(adj.) [an + abhiraddha] in anger Vin.IV,236. (Page 31),12,1
  1273. 35845,en,15,anabhiraddhi,anabhiraddhi,Anabhiraddhi,Anabhiraddhi,(f.) [an + abhiraddhi] anger,wrath D.I,3 (= kopass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ DA.I,52). (Page 31),12,1
  1274. 35865,en,15,anabhirata,anabhirata,Anabhirata,Anabhirata,(adj.) [an + abhirata] not taking delight in J.I,61 (naccâdisu). (Page 31),10,1
  1275. 35888,en,15,anabhirati,anabhirati,Anabhirati,Anabhirati,(f.) [an + abhirati] not delighting in,dissatisfaction,discontent D.I,17 (+ paritassanā); III,289; J.III,395; DA.I,111. (Page 31),10,1
  1276. 35925,en,15,anabhisambhunamana,anabhisambhuṇamāna,Anabhisambhuṇamāna,Anabhisambhuṇamāna,(adj.) [ppr. med. of an + abhisambhuṇāti] not obtaining,unable to get or keep up D.I,101 (= asampāpuṇanto avisahamāno vā DA.I,268). (Page 31),18,1
  1277. 35981,en,15,anabhunnatata,anabhuṇṇatatā,Anabhuṇṇatatā,Anabhuṇṇatatā,(f.) [an + abbhuṇṇata + tā] the state of not being erect,i. e. hanging down J v.156. (Page 31),13,1
  1278. 35996,en,15,anacara,anācāra,Anācāra,Anācāra,[an + ācāra] misconduct,immorality J.II,133; III,276; adj. <i>anācārin</i> Pug.57. (Page 32),7,1
  1279. 36065,en,15,anada,anādā,Anādā,Anādā,[ger. of an + ādiyati] without taking up or on to oneself Vin.IV,120 (= anādiyitvā C.). (Page 32),5,1
  1280. 36074,en,15,anadana,anādāna,Anādāna,Anādāna,(adj.) [an + ādāna] free from attachment (opp. sādāna) A.II,10 = It.9 = 109 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 172<sup>a</sup>; Sn.620,741,1094; Nd<sup>2</sup> 41 (where as nt. = taṇha); Dh.352 (= khandhādisu niggahaṇa DhA.IV,70),396,406,421. (Page 32),7,1
  1281. 36089,en,15,anadara,anādara,Anādara,Anādara,[an + ādara] (a) (m) disrespect PvA.257. -- (b.) (adj.) disrespectful Sn.247 (= ādaravirahita SnA 290). (Page 32),7,1
  1282. 36098,en,15,anadarata,anādaratā,Anādaratā,Anādaratā,(f.) [abstr. fr. anādara] want of consideration,in expl<sup>n.</sup> of dovacassatā at Dhs.1325 = Vbh.359 = Pug.30 (where reading is <i>anādariyatā</i>). (Page 32),9,1
  1283. 36109,en,15,anadariya,anādariya,Anādariya,Anādariya,(nt.) [fr. anādara] disregard,disrespect Vin.I,176; IV,113 (where expl<sup>d.</sup> in extenso); Dhs.1325 = d<sup>ug</sup> 20 = Vbh.359. (Page 32),9,1
  1284. 36128,en,15,anadati,ānadati,Ānadati,Ānadati,[ā + nadati] to trumpet (of elephants) J.IV,233. (Page 100),7,1
  1285. 36304,en,15,anaditva,anāditvā,Anāditvā,Anāditvā,[ger. of an + ādiyati] not taking up,not heeding J.IV,352 (v. l. for T. anādiyitvā). (Page 32),8,1
  1286. 36333,en,15,anadiyitva,anādiyitvā,Anādiyitvā,Anādiyitvā,[ger. of an + ādiyati,Sk. anādāya] without assuming or taking up,not heeding Vin.IV,120; J.IV,352; DhA.I,41. See also ādiyati. (Page 32),10,1
  1287. 36347,en,15,anagamana,anāgamana,Anāgamana,Anāgamana,(nt.) [an + āgamana] not coming,not returning J I 203,264. (Page 31),9,1
  1288. 36399,en,15,anagamin,anāgāmin,Anāgāmin,Anāgāmin,(adj.-n.) [an + āgāmin] one who does not return,a Never-Returner,as tt. designating one who has attained the 3<sup>rd</sup> stage out of four in the breaking of the bonds (Saṃyojanas) which keep a man back from Arahantship. So near is the Anāgāmin to the goal,that after death he will be reborn in one of the highest heaven and there obtain Arahantship,never returning to rebirth as a man. But in the oldest passages referring to these 4 stages,the description of the third does not use the word anāgāmin (D.I,156; II,92; III,107; M.II,146) and anāgāmin does not mean the breaking of bonds,but the cultivation of certain specified good mental habits (S.III,168,the anatta doctrine; S v.200--2,the five Indriyas; A.I,64,120,cultivation of good qualities,II 160; v.86,171 = S 149). We have only two cases in the canon of any living persons being called anāgāmin. Those are at S v.177 and 178. The word there means one who has broken the lower five of the ten bonds, &#38; the individuals named are laymen. At D.II,92 nine others,of whom eight are laymen,are declared after their death to have reached the third stage (as above) during life,but they are not called anāgāmins. At It.96 there are only 3 stages,the worldling,the Anāgāmin,and the Arahant; and the Saṃyojanas are not referred to. It is probable that already in the Nikāya period the older,wider meaning was falling into disuse. The Abhidhamma books seem to refer only to the Saṃyojana explanation; the commentaries,so far as we know them,ignore any other. See Ps.II,194; Kv. Tr. 74; Dhs. Tr. 302 n; Cp. 69.<br><br> <i>--phala</i> fruition of the state of an Anāgāmin; always in comb<sup>n.</sup> sotāpatti° sakadāgāmi° anāgāmi° arahatta° Vin.I,293; II,240; IV,29; D.I,229; II,227,255; S.III,168; v.411; A.I,23,44; III,272 sq.; IV,204,276,372 sq. <i>--magga</i> the path of one who does not return (in rebirths) Nd<sup>2</sup> 569<sup>b.</sup> (Page 31),8,1
  1289. 36430,en,15,anagamita,anāgāmitā,Anāgāmitā,Anāgāmitā,(f.) [anāgāmin + tā] the state or condition of an Anāgāmin S v.129,181,285; A.III,82; v.108,300 sq.; Sn.p. 140 = A.III,143; It.1 sq.,39,40. (Page 31),9,1
  1290. 36456,en,15,anagara,anāgāra,Anāgāra,Anāgāra, &#38; Anāgāriyā see <i>agāra </i>&<i> agāriyā</i>. (Page 32),7,1
  1291. 36535,en,15,anagata,anāgata,Anāgata,Anāgata,(adj.) [an + āgata] not come yet,i. e. future. On usual comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>atīta</i>:see this. D.III,100 sq.,134 sq.,220,275; M.III,188 sq.; S.I,5; II,283; A.III,100 sq.,400; Sn.318,373,851; It.53; J.IV,159; VI,364; Dhs.1039,1416. (Page 31),7,1
  1292. 36679,en,15,anaghata,anāghāta,Anāghāta,Anāghāta,[an + āghāta] freedom from anger or ill-will Vin.II,249. (Page 32),8,1
  1293. 36691,en,15,anahara,anāhāra,Anāhāra,Anāhāra,(adj.) [an + āhāra] being without food M.I,487; Sn.985. (Page 33),7,1
  1294. 36723,en,15,anajaniya,anājāniya,Anājāniya,Anājāniya,(adj.) [an + ājāniya] of inferior race,not of good blood M.I,367. (Page 32),9,1
  1295. 36780,en,15,anajjhittha,anajjhiṭṭha,Anajjhiṭṭha,Anajjhiṭṭha,(adj.) [an + ajjhiṭṭha] uncalled,unbidden,unasked Vin.I,113; Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup> (T. anabbhita,v. l. anijjhiṭṭha; J.III,165 has <i>anavhāta;</i> Th.2,129 <i>ayācita;</i> PvA.64 expl<sup>s.</sup> by anavhāta). <i>Anaṭi </i>[<i>An</i>,Vedic aniti &#38; anati] to breathe KhA.I,124 (in def. of bāla); DA.I,244 (read ananti for aṇanti). Cp. pāṇa. (Page 30),11,1
  1296. 36802,en,15,anaka,ānaka,Ānaka,Ānaka,[Sk. <i>ānaka</i>,cp. Morris J.P.T.S. 1893,10] a kind of kettledrum,beaten only at one end S.II,266; J.II,344; Dpvs XVI,14. (Page 100),5,1
  1297. 36885,en,15,anala,anala,Anala,Anala,(adj.) [an + ala] 1. not sufficient,not enough; unable,impossible,unmanageable M.I,455; J.II,326 = IV. 471. -- 2. dissatisfied,insatiate J v.63 (= atitta C.). ‹-› 3. <i>°ṃ kata</i> dissatisfied,satiated,S.I,15 (kāmesu). (Page 31),5,1
  1298. 36897,en,15,analamba,anālamba,Anālamba,Anālamba,(adj.) [an + ālamba] without support (from above),unsuspended,not held Sn.173 (+ appatiṭṭha; expl<sup>d.</sup> at SnA 214 by heṭṭhā patiṭṭhâbhāvena upari ālambhāvena ca gambhīra). (Page 32),8,1
  1299. 36943,en,15,analaya,anālaya,Anālaya,Anālaya,[an + ālaya] aversion,doing away with Vin.I,10 (taṇhāya). (Page 32),7,1
  1300. 36968,en,15,analhiya,anāḷhiya,Anāḷhiya,Anāḷhiya, &#38; Anāḷhika (adj.) [an + ālhiya,Sk. āḍhya,see also addha<sup>2</sup>] not rich,poor,miserable,destitute,usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with daḷidda M.I,450; II,178 (v. l. BB. anāḷiya); A.III,352 sq. (vv. ll. BB. anāḷhika),384; J v.96. (Page 32),8,1
  1301. 37024,en,15,anamanta,anāmanta,Anāmanta,Anāmanta,(°-) [an + āmanta] without asking or being asked; in <i>°kata</i> unasked,unpermitted,uninvited J.VI,226; <i>°cāra</i> living uninvited Vin v.132; A.III,259. (Page 32),8,1
  1302. 37043,en,15,anamasita,anāmasita,Anāmasita,Anāmasita,(adj.) [an + āmasita,pp. of āmassati] not touched,virgin- VvA.113 (°khetta). (Page 32),9,1
  1303. 37056,en,15,anamassa,anāmassa,Anāmassa,Anāmassa,(adj.) [grd. of an + āmassati,Sk. āmaśya] not to be touched J II 360 (C. anāmāsitabba). (Page 32),8,1
  1304. 37064,en,15,anamata,anāmata,Anāmata,Anāmata,(adj.) [an + amata the ā being due to metrical lengthening] not affected by death,immortal J.II,56 (= asusāna-ṭṭhāna C.); DhA.II,99. (Page 32),7,1
  1305. 37072,en,15,anamatagga,anamatagga,Anamatagga,Anamatagga,(adj.) [ana (= a neg.) + mata (fr. <em>man</em>) + aggā (pl.). So Dhammapāla (avidit-agga ThA.289); Nāṇakitti in Ṭīkā on DhsA.11; Trenckner,Notes 64; Oldenberg,Vin. Texts II,114. Childers takes it as an + amata + agga,and Jacobi (Erzähl. 33 and 89) and Pischel (Gram. § 251) as a + namat (fr. <em>nam</em>) + agga. It is Sanskritized at Divy 197 by anavarāgra,doubtless by some mistake. Weber,Ind. Str. III,150 suggests an + āmrta,which does not suit the context at all]. Ep. of Saṃsāra “whose beginning and end are alike unthiṅkable”,i. e.,without beginning or end. Found in two passages of the Canon:S.II,178,187 sq. = III,149,151 = v.226,441 (quoted Kvu 29,called Anamatagga-pariyāya at DhA.II,268) and Th.2,495,6. Later references are Nd<sup>2</sup> 664; PvA.166; DhA.I,11; II,13,32; Sdhp.505. [Cp. anāmata and amatagga,and cp. the English idiom “world without end”. The meaning can best be seen,not from the derivation (which is uncertain),but from the examples quoted above from the Saṃyutta. According to the Yoga,on the contrary (see e. g.,Woods,Yoga-system of Patañjali,119),it is a possible,and indeed a necessary quality of the Yogī,to understand the beginning and end of Saṃsāra]. (Page 31),10,1
  1306. 37117,en,15,anamaya,anāmaya,Anāmaya,Anāmaya,(adj.) [an + āmaya] free from illness,not decaying,healthy Vv 15<sup>10</sup> (= aroga VvA.74),17<sup>7</sup>. (Page 32),7,1
  1307. 37125,en,15,anameti,ānāmeti,Ānāmeti,Ānāmeti,[ā + nāmeti,Caus. of namati,which is usually spelt nameti] to make bend,to bend,to bring toward or under J.V,154 (doubtful reading fut ānāmayissasi,v. l. ānayissati,C. ānessasi = lead to). (Page 101),7,1
  1308. 37127,en,15,anamha,anamha,Anamha,Anamha,(adj.) [according to Morris J.P.T.S. 1884,70 = ana-mha “unlaughing” with ana = an (cp. anabhāva &#38; anamatagga) and mha from <em>smi</em>,cp. vimhayati = Sk. vismayati] being in consternation or distress,crying J.III,223 (°kāle = ārodana-kāle C.). (Page 31),6,1
  1309. 37135,en,15,anan,anān,Anān,Anān,u- represents the metrically lengthened from of ananu‹-› (an + anu),as found e. g. in the foll. cpds.:<i>°tappaṃ</i> (ppr.) not regretting J v.492; <i>°puṭṭha</i> questioned Sn.782 (= apucchita SnA 521); <i>°yāyin</i> not following or not defiled by evil Sn.1071 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 42 by both avedhamāna (?) avigacchamāna &#38; by arajjamāna adussamāna); <i>°loma</i> not fit or suitable D.II,273 (v. l. anu°). (Page 32),4,1
  1310. 37153,en,15,anana,ānana,Ānana,Ānana,(nt.) [Vedic āna,later Sk. ānana from an to breathe] the mouth; adj. (-°) having a mouth Sdhp.103; Pgdp 63 (vikaṭ°). (Page 100),5,1
  1311. 37174,en,15,ananca,ānañca,Ānañca,Ānañca,see <i>ākāsa°</i> and <i>viññāṇa°</i>. (Page 100),6,1
  1312. 37188,en,15,ananda,ānanda,Ānanda,Ānanda,[Vedic ānanda,fr. ā + <em>nand</em>,cp. BSk. ānandī joy Divy 37] joy,pleasure,bliss,delight D.I,3; Sn.679,687; J.I,207 (°maccha Leviathan); VI,589 (°bheri festive drum); DA.I,53 (= pītiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ). (Page 100),6,1
  1313. 37260,en,15,anandati,ānandati,Ānandati,Ānandati,[ā + nandati] to be pleased or delighted J.VI,589 (aor. ānandi in T. reading ānandi vittā,expl<sup>d.</sup> by C. as nandittha was pleased; we should however read ānandi-cittā with gladdened heart). See also ānandiya. (Page 100),8,1
  1314. 37287,en,15,anandi,ānandī,Ānandī,Ānandī,(f.) [ā + nandī,cp. ānanda] joy,happiness in cpd. ānandi-citta J.VI,589 (so read probably for ānandi vitta:see ānandati). (Page 100),6,1
  1315. 37294,en,15,anandin,ānandin,Ānandin,Ānandin,(adj.) [fr. ā + <em>nand</em>] joyful,friendly Th.1,555; J.IV,226. (Page 100),7,1
  1316. 37299,en,15,anandiya,ānandiya,Ānandiya,Ānandiya,(adj.-.) [grd. of ānandati] enjoyable,nt. joy,feast J.VI,589 (°ṃ acarati to celebrate the feast = ānandachaṇa C.). (Page 100),8,1
  1317. 37329,en,15,ananja,āṇañja,Āṇañja,Āṇañja,see ānejja. (Page 97),6,1
  1318. 37333,en,15,ananja,ānañja,Ānañja,Ānañja,see <i>ānejja</i>.<i> </i> (Page 100),6,1
  1319. 37650,en,15,anantarika,ānantarika,Ānantarika,Ānantarika,( &#38; °ya) [fr. an + antara + ika] without an interval,immediately following,successive Vin.I,321; II,212; Pug.13; Dhs.1291.<br><br> --kamma “conduct that finds retribution without delay” (Kvu trsl. 275 n. 2) Vin.II,193; J.I,45; Kvu 480; Miln.25 (cp. Dhs.trsl. 267); Vism.177 (as prohibiting practice of kammaṭṭhāna). (Page 100),10,1
  1320. 37999,en,15,ananya,āṇaṇya,Āṇaṇya,Āṇaṇya,see ānaṇya. (Page 97),6,1
  1321. 38008,en,15,ananya,ānaṇya,Ānaṇya,Ānaṇya,(nt.) [Sk. ānṛṇya,so also BSk. e. g. Jtm 31<sup>18</sup>; from a +<em> ṛṇa</em>,P. <em>iṇa</em> but also aṇa in composition,thus an-aṇa as base of ānaṇya] freedom from debt D.I,73; A.III,354 (Ep. of Nibbāna,cp. anaṇa); Nd<sup>1</sup> 160; Vism.44; DA.I,3. (Page 100),6,1
  1322. 38030,en,15,anapada,anāpāda,Anāpāda,Anāpāda,(adj.) [an + āpāda] unmarried (of a woman) J.IV,178 (āpāda = apādāna C.; aññehi akata-pariggahā). (Page 32),7,1
  1323. 38057,en,15,anapaka,āṇāpaka,Āṇāpaka,Āṇāpaka,(adj. n.) [fr. āṇāpeti] 1. (adj.) giving an order Vism.303. -- 2. (n.) one who gives or calls out orders,a town-crier,an announcer of the orders (of an authority) Miln.147. (Page 97),7,1
  1324. 38079,en,15,anapana,āṇāpana,Āṇāpana,Āṇāpana,(nt.) [abstr. fr. āṇāpeti] ordering or being,ordered,command,order PvA.135. (Page 97),7,1
  1325. 38092,en,15,anapana,ānāpāna,Ānāpāna,Ānāpāna,(nt.) [āna + apāna,cpds. of an to breathe] in haled &#38; exhaled breath,inspiration &#38; respiration S.V,132,311 sq.; J.I,58; Ps.I,162 (°kathā); usually in cpd. <i>°sati</i> concentration by in-breathing &#38; out-breathing (cp. Man. of Mystic 70) M.I,425 (cp. D.II,291); III,82; Vin.III,70; A.I,30; It.80; Ps.I,166,172,185 (°samādhi); Nd<sup>2</sup> 466 B (id.); Miln.332; Vism.111,197,266 sq.; SnA 165. See detail under sati. (Page 100),7,1
  1326. 38196,en,15,anapathagata,anāpāthagata,Anāpāthagata,Anāpāthagata,(adj.) [an + āpātha + gata] not fallen into the way of (the hunter),escaped him M.I,174. (Page 32),12,1
  1327. 38310,en,15,anapeti,āṇāpeti,Āṇāpeti,Āṇāpeti,[ā + ñāpeti,Caus. of ā + jānāti fr. <em>jñā</em>,cp. Sk. ājñāpayati] to give an order,to enjoin,command (with Acc. of person) J.III,351; Miln.147; DhA.II,82; VvA.68 (dāsiyo),69; PvA.4,39,81. (Page 97),7,1
  1328. 38316,en,15,anapeti,ānāpeti,Ānāpeti,Ānāpeti,see <i>āneti</i>. (Page 101),7,1
  1329. 38352,en,15,anapuccha,anāpucchā,Anāpucchā,Anāpucchā,see āpucchati. (Page 32),9,1
  1330. 38370,en,15,anaradhaka,anārādhaka,Anārādhaka,Anārādhaka,(adj.) [an + ārādhaka] one who fails,unsuccessful Vin.I,70. (Page 32),10,1
  1331. 38402,en,15,anarambha,anārambha,Anārambha,Anārambha,[an + ārambha] that which is without moil and toil Sn.745 (= nibbāna SnA 507). (Page 32),9,1
  1332. 38433,en,15,anariya,anariya,Anariya,Anariya,(adj.) [an + ariya,see also anāriya] not Aiyan,ignoble,low Vin.I,10; D.III,232 (°vohāra,3 sets of 4; the same at Vin v.125); Sn.664,782 (°dhamma); Pug.13. -- See ariya. (Page 31),7,1
  1333. 38441,en,15,anariya,anāriya,Anāriya,Anāriya,(adj.) [doublet of anariya] not Aryan,ignoble,Sn.815 (v. l. SS. anariya). (Page 32),7,1
  1334. 38521,en,15,anasaka,anāsaka,Anāsaka,Anāsaka,(adj.) [an + āsaka] fasting,not taking food S.IV,118. f. <i>°ā</i> [cp. Sk. anāśaka nt.] fasting,abstaining from food Dh.141 (= bhatta-paṭikkhepa DhA.III,77). (Page 32),7,1
  1335. 38533,en,15,anasakatta,anāsakatta,Anāsakatta,Anāsakatta,(nt.) [abstr. of anāsaka] fasting Sn.249 (= abhojana SnA 292). (Page 32),10,1
  1336. 38547,en,15,anasana,anasana,Anasana,Anasana,(nt.) [an + asana,cp. Sk. an-aśana] not eating,fasting,hunger D.III,75 &#38; in same context at Sn.311 (= khudā SnA 324). (Page 31),7,1
  1337. 38569,en,15,anasasana,anāsasāna,Anāsasāna,Anāsasāna,(adj.) [an + āsasāna] not longing after anything Sn.369 (SnA 365 however reads anāsayāna &#38; has anāsasāna as v. l. Cp. also vv. ll. to āsasāna. Expl<sup>d</sup> by kañci rūpâdi-dhammaṃ nâsiṃsati SnA 365. (Page 33),9,1
  1338. 38583,en,15,anasava,anāsava,Anāsava,Anāsava,(adj.) [an + āsava] free from the 4 intoxications (see āsava) Vin.II,148 = 164; D.III,112; Sn.1105,1133; Dh.94,126,386; Nd<sup>2</sup> 44; It.75; Pug.27,Dhs.1101,1451; Vbh.426; Th.1,100; Pv.II,6<sup>15</sup>; VvA.9. See āsava and cp. nirāsava. (Page 32),7,1
  1339. 38651,en,15,anasitvana,anasitvāna,Anasitvāna,Anasitvāna,[ger. of an + aśati] without eating,fasting J.IV,371. (Page 31),10,1
  1340. 38655,en,15,anassaka,anassaka,Anassaka,Anassaka,(adj.) either an-assaka or a-nassaka (q. v.). (Page 31),8,1
  1341. 38661,en,15,anassana,anassana,Anassana,Anassana,(nt.) [a + nassana,<em>naś</em><i>;</i> cp. Sk. naśana] imperishableness,freedom from waste J.IV,168. (Page 31),8,1
  1342. 38676,en,15,anassasika,anassāsika,Anassāsika,Anassāsika,(adj.) [an + assāsa + ika; cp. Sk. āśvāsana &#38; BSk. anāśvāsika Divy 207] not consoling,discouraging,not comforting M.I,514; S.II,191. (Page 31),10,1
  1343. 38690,en,15,anassavin,anassāvin,Anassāvin,Anassāvin,(adj.) [an + assāvin; cp. assāva + āsava] not intoxicated,not enjoying or finding pleasure in Sn.853 (sātiyesu a. = sātavatthusa kāmaguṇesu taṇhasanthavavirahita SnA 549). (Page 31),9,1
  1344. 38697,en,15,anassum,anassuṃ,Anassuṃ,Anassuṃ,1<sup>st</sup> sq,pret. of anusūyati (= Sk. anvaśruvaṃ) I have heard M.I,393. (Page 31),7,1
  1345. 38702,en,15,anasuropa,anasuropa,Anasuropa,Anasuropa,[an + asuropa] absence of abruptness Dhs.1341. (Page 31),9,1
  1346. 38708,en,15,anasuyaka,anasūyaka,Anasūyaka,Anasūyaka,(adj.) [Sk. anasūyaka,cp. usūya] not grumbling,not envious J.II,192. (Page 31),9,1
  1347. 38711,en,15,anasuyyam,anasuyyaṃ,Anasuyyaṃ,Anasuyyaṃ,[Sk. anasūyan,ppr. of an + asūyati] not grumbling J.III,27 (v. l. for anusuyyaṃ T.). (Page 31),9,1
  1348. 39180,en,15,anatti,āṇatti,Āṇatti,Āṇatti,(f.) [ā + ñatti (cp. āṇāpeti),Caus. of <em>jñā</em>] order,command,ordinance,injunction Vin.I,62; KhA 29; PvA.260; Sdhp.59,354. (Page 97),6,1
  1349. 39190,en,15,anattika,āṇattika,Āṇattika,Āṇattika,(adj.) [āṇatti + ka] belonging to an ordinance or command,of the nature of an injunction KhA 29. (Page 97),8,1
  1350. 39450,en,15,anavasa,anāvāsa,Anāvāsa,Anāvāsa,(adj.-n.) [an + āvāsa] uninhabited,an uninhabited place Vin.II,22,33; J.II,77. (Page 32),7,1
  1351. 39535,en,15,anavasuram,anāvasūraṃ,Anāvasūraṃ,Anāvasūraṃ,(adv.) [an + ava + sūra = suriya,with ava lengthened to āva in verse] as long as the sun does not set,before sun-down J v.56 (= anatthaṅgata-suriyaṃ C.) cp. Sk. utsūra. (Page 32),10,1
  1352. 39540,en,15,anavata,anāvaṭa,Anāvaṭa,Anāvaṭa,(°-) [an + āvaṭa] not shut; in <i>°dvāratā</i> (f.) not closing the door against another,accessibility,openhand edness D.III,191. (Page 32),7,1
  1353. 39631,en,15,anavattin,anāvattin,Anāvattin,Anāvattin,(adj.-n.) [an + āvattin] one who does not return,almost syn. with anāgāmin in phrase <i>anāvatti-dhamma</i>,one who is not destined to shift or return from one birth to another,D.I,156 (cp. DA.I,313); III,132; Pug.16 sq.,62. (Page 32),9,1
  1354. 39643,en,15,anavaya,anavaya,Anavaya,Anavaya,(adj.) [derivation doubtful. See Trenckner Pali Misc. 65] not lacking,complete in (Loc.),fulfilling D.I,88 (= anūna paripūra-kārin DA.I,248); A.III,152 (= samatta paripuṇṇa AA quoted by Tr. on Miln.10). (Page 31),7,1
  1355. 39668,en,15,anavikata,anāvikata,Anāvikata,Anāvikata,etc. see <i>āvikata</i>. (Page 32),9,1
  1356. 39679,en,15,anavila,anāvila,Anāvila,Anāvila,(adj.) [an + āvila] undisturbed,unstained,clean,pure D.I,84 (= nikkaddama DA.I,226); III,269,270; Sn.637 (= nikkilesa SnA 469 = DhA.IV,192); Th.2,369 (āvilacitta +); Dh.82,413; ThA.251; Sdhp.479. (Page 32),7,1
  1357. 39705,en,15,anavosita,anavosita,Anavosita,Anavosita,(adj.) [an + avosita; or ana + avosita = avusita?] unfulfilled,undone Th.1,101. (Page 31),9,1
  1358. 39718,en,15,anavuttha,anāvuttha,Anāvuttha,Anāvuttha,(adj.) [an + āvuttha,pp. of āvasati] not dwelt in D .II50. (Page 32),9,1
  1359. 39731,en,15,anaya,anaya,Anaya,Anaya,[a + naya] misfortune,distress Miln.277,usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>vyasana</i> (as also in BSk,e. g. Jtm 215) Vin.II,199; S.IV,159; A v.156; Miln.292; VvA.327; Sdhp.362. (Page 31),5,1
  1360. 39737,en,15,anaya,ānaya,Ānaya,Ānaya,(adj.) [ā + naya] to be brought,in suvānaya easy to bring S.I,124 = J.I,80. (Page 100),5,1
  1361. 39776,en,15,anayasa,anāyasa,Anāyasa,Anāyasa,(adj.) [an + āya + sa,or should we read anāyāsa?] void of means,unlucky,unfortunate Vv 84<sup>5</sup> (= natthi ettha āyo sukhan ti anāyasaṃ VvA.335). (Page 32),7,1
  1362. 39784,en,15,anayasa,anāyāsa,Anāyāsa,Anāyāsa,(adj.) [an + āyāsa] free from trouble or sorrow,peaceful Th.1,1008. (Page 32),7,1
  1363. 39796,en,15,anayatana,anāyatana,Anāyatana,Anāyatana,(nt.) [an + āyatana] nonexertion,not exerting oneself,sluggishness,indolence J v.121 (°sīla = dussīla C.). (Page 32),9,1
  1364. 39815,en,15,anayati,ānayati,Ānayati,Ānayati,see <i>āneti</i>. (Page 100),7,1
  1365. 39886,en,15,ancati,añcati,Añcati,Añcati,J.I,417,read añchati (see next). (Page 13),6,1
  1366. 39907,en,15,anchati,añchati,Añchati,Añchati,[in meaning = ākaḍḍhati,which latter is also the Sk. gloss (ākārṣayati) to the Jain Prk. aṃchāvei = añchati:see Morris,J. P. T. S. 1893,60] to pull,drag,pull along,to turn on a lathe D.II,291 (bhamakāro dīghaṃ a.,where K has note:añjanto ti pi acchanto ti pi pātho) = M.I,56 (vv. ll. p. 532 acch° &#38; añj°); Th.1,750 (añcāmi T.,v.l. aññāmi). Añchati should also be read at J I 417 for <i>udakaṃ añcanti</i> (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of udañcanī pulling the water up from a well,q. v.),where it corresponds to <i>udakaṃ ākkaḍḍhati</i> in the same sentence. (Page 13),7,1
  1367. 39922,en,15,anda,aṇḍa,Aṇḍa,Aṇḍa,(nt.) [Etym. unknown. Cp. Sk. aṇḍa] 1. an egg Vin.III,3; S.II,258; M.I,104; A.IV,125 sq. -- 2. (pl.) the testicles Vin.III,106. -- 3. (in camm°) a water-bag J.I,249 (see Morris J. P. T. S. 1884,69).<br><br> <i>--kosa</i> shell of eggs Vin.III,3 = M.I,104; A.IV,126,176. <i>--cheda(ka)</i> one who castrates,a gelder J.IV,364,366. <i>--ja</i> 1. born from eggs S.III,241 (of snakes); M.I,73; J.II,53 =.V,85; Miln.267. -- 2. a bird J..V,189. <i>--bhārin</i> bearing his testicles S.II,258 = Vin.III,100. <i>--sambhava</i> the product of an egg,i. e. a bird Th.1,599. <i>--hāraka</i> one who takes or exstirpates the testicles M.I,383. (Page 17),4,1
  1368. 39977,en,15,andaka,aṇḍaka,Aṇḍaka,Aṇḍaka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk.? prob. an inorganic form; the diaeresis of caṇḍaka into c° aṇḍaka seems very plausible. As to meaning cp. DhsA.396 and see Dhs.trsl. 349,also Morris J. P. T. S. 1893,6,who,not satisfactorily,tries to establish a relation to <i>ard</i>,as in aṭṭa<sup>3</sup>] only used of vācā,speech:harsh,rough,insolent M.I,286; A.V,265,283,293 (gloss kaṇṭakā); J.III,260; Dhs.1343,cp. DhsA.396. (Page 17),6,1
  1369. 39978,en,15,andaka,aṇḍaka,Aṇḍaka,Aṇḍaka,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) = aṇḍa,egg DhA.I,60; III,137 (sakuṇ°). (Page 17),6,1
  1370. 40014,en,15,andha,andha,Andha,Andha,(adj.) [Vedic andha,Lat. andabata (see Walde,Lat. Wtb. s. v.),other etym. doubtful] 1. (lit.) blind,blinded,blindfolded J.I,216 (dhūm°); Pv IV.1<sup>48</sup>; PvA.3. -- dark,dull,blinding M.III,151 (°andhaṃ adv. dulled); Sn.669 (Ep. of timisa,like Vedic andhaṃ tamaḥ); DhA.II,49 (°vana dark forest). -- 2. (fig.) mentally blinded,dull of mind,foolish,not seeing D.I,191 (+ acakkhuka),239 (°veṇi,reading &#38; meaning uncertain); A.I,128; Th.2,394 (= bāla ThA.258). See cpds. °karaṇa,°kāra,°bāla,°bhūta.<br><br> <i>--ākula</i> blinded,foolish Vv 84<sup>9</sup> (= paññācakkhuno abhāvena VvA.337). <i>--karaṇa</i> blinding,making blind,causing bewilderment (fig.),confusing It.82 (+ acakkhukaraṇa); Miln.113 (pañha,+ gambhīra). <i>--kāra</i> blindness (lit. &#38; fig),darkness,dullness,bewilderment Vin.I,16; D.II,12; A.I,56; II,54; III,233; J.III,188; Th.1,1034; Dh.146; Sn.763; Vv 21<sup>4</sup> (= avijj° VvA.106); Pug.30; Dhs.617; DA.I,228; VvA.51,53,116,161; PvA.6; Sdhp.14,280. <i>--tamo</i> deep darkness (lit. &#38; fig.) S.V,443; It.84 (v. l.; T. andhaṃ tamaṃ); J.VI,247. <i>--bāla</i> blinded by folly,foolish,dull of mind,silly J.I,246,262; VI,337; DhA.II,43,89; III,179; VvA.67; PvA.4,264. <i>--bhūta</i> blinded (fig.),mentally blind,not knowing,ignorant S.IV,21; A.II,72; J.VI,139 (spelled °būta); Dh.59,174 (= paññā-cakkhuno abhāvena DhA.III,175). <i>--vesa</i> “blind form”,disguise J.III,418. (Page 49),5,1
  1371. 40080,en,15,andhaka,andhaka,Andhaka,Andhaka,[fr. andha] “blind fly”,i. e. dark or yellow fly or gad-fly Sn.20 (= kāṇa-makkhikānaṃ adhivacanaṃ SnA 33). (Page 49),7,1
  1372. 40278,en,15,andu,andu,Andu,Andu,[cp. Sk. andu,andū &#38; anduka] a chain,fetter Vin.I,108 = III,249 (tiṇ°); D.I,245; J.I,21 (°ghara prisonhouse); DhA.IV,54 (°bandhana). (Page 49),4,1
  1373. 40314,en,15,anedha,anedha,Anedha,Anedha,(adj.) [an + edha] without fuel J.IV,26 (=anindhana). (Page 45),6,1
  1374. 40339,en,15,anejja,ānejja,Ānejja,Ānejja,and Ānañja [abstr. fr. an + *añja or *ejja = *ijja. The Sanskritised equivalent would be *iñjya or *iñgya of ing to stir,move,with a peculiar substitution of *aṅg in Pāli,referring it to a base with ṛ (probably Sk. <em>ṛj</em>,ṛñjati) in analogy to a form like Sk. <em>ṛṇa</em> = Pāli aṇa &#38; iṇa,both a &#38; i representing Sk. <em>ṛ</em>. The form añja would thus correspond to a Sk. *añjya (*añgya). The third P. form ān-eñja is a direct (later,and probably re-instituted) formation from Sk. iñjya,which in an interesting way became in BSk. re-sanskritised to āñijya (which on the other hand may represent āñejja &#38; thus give the latter the feature of a later,but more specifically Pāli form). The editions of P. Texts show a great variance of spelling,based on MSS. vacillation,in part also due to confusion of derivation] immovability,imperturbability,impassibility. The word is n. but occurs as adj. at Vin.III,109 (ānañja samādhi,with which cp. BSk. ānijyā śāntiḥ at Av. Ś I.199. -- The term usually occurs in cpd. ānejja-ppatta (adj.) immovable lit. having attained impassibility,expl<sup>d.</sup> by Bdhgh. at Vin.III,267 (on Pār. I.1,6) as acala,niccala,i. e. motionless. This cpd. is indicated below by (p.) after the reference. -- The various spellings of the word are as follows:-- 1. ānejja D.I,76 (v. l. ānañja-p.) A.II,184 (p.); III,93 (p.),100 (p.),377 sq. (p.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 471 (v. l. aneja,ānañja) = Vbh.137 (āneñja); Nd<sup>2</sup> 569<sup>a</sup> (v. l. ānañja),601 (v. l. anejja &#38; aneñja); Pug.60 (p.); DA.I,219 (v. l. BB āneñja). -- 2. ānañja Vin.III,4 (p.) (v. l. ānañca°,anañja°,ānañja°; Bdhgh. ānejja° p. 267),109; Ud.27 (samādhi,adj. v. l. ānañca); DhA.IV,46. See also below cpd. °kāraṇa. -- A peculiarity of Trenckner a spelling is āṇañja at M.II,229 (v. l. aṇañja,aneñja,āneñja),253,254. -- 3. āneñja S.II,82. (v. l. āṇañje,or is it āṇeñja?); D.III,217 (°âbhisaṅkhāra of imperturbable character,remaining static,cp. Kvu trsl. 358); Nd<sup>1</sup> 90 (id.),206,442; Ps.II,206; Vbh.135,340; Vism.377 (p.),386 (sixteen° fold),571; Nett 87,99. ‹-› See also iñjati.<br><br> --kāraṇa trick of immovability,i. e. pretending to be dead (done by an elephant,but see differently Morris J P T S. 1886,154) J.I,415; II,325 (v. l. āṇañja,āneñca,ānañca); IV,308; V,273,310. (Page 101),6,1
  1375. 40348,en,15,aneka,aneka,Aneka,Aneka,(adj.) [an + ejā] free from desires or lust D.II,157; Sn.920,1043,1101,1112; It.91 (opp. ejânuga Nd<sup>1</sup> 353 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 55; Dh.414 (= taṇhāya abhāvena DhA.IV,194),422; Pv IV.1<sup>35</sup> (nittaṇha PvA.230). (Page 45),5,1
  1376. 40349,en,15,aneka,aneka,Aneka,Aneka,(adj.) (usually °-) [an + eka] not one,i. e. many,various; countlcss,numberless It.99 (saṃvaṭṭakappā countless aeons); Sn.688 (°sākhā); Dh.153 (°jātisāra); J.IV,2; VI,366.<br><br> --pariyāyena (Instr.) in many ways Vin.I,16; Sn.p. 15. --rūpa various,manifold Sn.1049,1079,1082; Nd<sup>2</sup> 54 (= anekavidha). --vidha manifold Nd<sup>2</sup> 54; DA.I,103. --vihita various,manifold D.I,12,13,178; It.98; Pug.55; DA.I,103 (= anekavidha). (Page 45),5,1
  1377. 40531,en,15,anekamsa,anekaṃsā,Anekaṃsā,Anekaṃsā,(f.) [an + ekaṃsā] doubt Nd<sup>2</sup> 1. (Page 45),8,1
  1378. 40553,en,15,anekamsikata,anekaṃsikatā,Anekaṃsikatā,Anekaṃsikatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. anekaṃsa + kata] uncertainty,doubtfulness Miln.93. (Page 45),12,1
  1379. 40766,en,15,anela,aneḷa,Aneḷa,Aneḷa,(adj.) [an + eḷa = ena,see neḷa &#38; cp. BSk. eḍa (mūka); Vedic anena] faultless,pure; only in foll. cpds.:°gala free from the dripping or oozing of impurity (thus expl<sup>d.</sup> at DA.I,282,viz. elagalana-virahita),but more likely in lit. meaning “having a pure or clear throat” or,of <i>vācā</i> speech:“clearly enunciated” (thus Mrs. Rh. D. at Kindred Sayings I.241) Vin.I,197 = D.I,114 = S.I,189; A.II,51,97; III,114,195. Cp. also M Vastu III,322. -- <i>°mūga</i> same as prec. “having a clear throat”,i. e. not dumb,fig. clever,skilled D.III,265; Sn.70 (= alālāmukha SnA 124),cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 259. (Page 45),5,1
  1380. 40786,en,15,anelaka,aneḷaka,Aneḷaka,Aneḷaka,(adj.) [cp. BSk. aneḍaka,e. g. Av. Ś. I.187,243; M Vastu I.339; III,322] = aneḷa,pure,clear M.II,5; J.VI,529. (Page 46),7,1
  1381. 40860,en,15,anenjata,āneñjatā,Āneñjatā,Āneñjatā,(f.) [fr. āneñja] steadfastness Vism.330,386. (Page 101),8,1
  1382. 40886,en,15,anesana,anesanā,Anesanā,Anesanā,(f.) [an + esanā] impropriety S.II,194; J.II,86; IV,381; Miln.343,401; DA.I,169; DhA.IV,34; Sdhp.392,427. (Page 46),7,1
  1383. 40921,en,15,aneti,āneti,Āneti,Āneti,[ā + neti] to bring,to bring towards,to fetch,procure,convey,bring back Sn.110; PvA.54,92. pot. 1<sup>st</sup> pl. ānema (or imper. 2<sup>nd</sup> pl ānetha M.I,371. fut. ānayissati S.I,124; Pv.II,6<sup>5</sup>; J.III,173; V,154 (v. l.), &#38; ānessati J.V,154. inf. ānayituṃ Pv II 6<sup>10</sup>,ger. ānetvā PvA.42,74. aor. ānesi PvA.3, &#38; ānayi Pv.I,7<sup>7</sup> (sapatiṃ). -- pp. ānīta (q. v.). -- Med. pass. ānīyati &#38; āniyyati D.II,245 (āniyyataṃ imper. shall be brought); M.I,371 (ppr. ānīyamāna). -- Caus. II. ānāpeti to cause to be fetched J.III,391; V,225. (Page 101),5,1
  1384. 40955,en,15,anga,aṅga,Aṅga,Aṅga,(nt.) [Vedic aṅga,<em>anc</em> cp. Lat. angulus = angle,corner etc.,ungulus finger-ring = Sk. aṅgulīya. See also aṅka,aṅguṭṭha &#38; aṅgula] (1) (lit.) a constituent part of the body,a limb,member; also of objects:part,member (see cpd. °sambhāra); <i>uttam°aṅga</i> the reproductive organ J.V,197; also as “head” at ThA.209. Usually in cpds. (see below,esp. °paccaṅga),as <i>sabbaṅga-kalyāṇī</i> perfect in all limbs Pv.III,3<sup>5</sup> (= sobhaṇa-sabbaṅga-paccaṅgī PvA.189) and in redupl<sup>n.</sup> <i>aṅga-m-aṅgāni</i> limb by limb,with all limbs (see also below aṅga + paccaṅga) Vin.III,119; Vv 38<sup>2</sup> (°ehi naccamāna); Pv.II,12<sup>10</sup>,<sup>13</sup>,<sup>18</sup> (sunakho te khādati). -- (2) (fig.) a constituent part of a whole or system or collection,e. g. <i>uposath°</i> the vows of the fast J.I,50; <i>bhavaṅga</i> the constituents or the condition of becoming (see bhava &#38; cp. Cpd. 265 sq.); <i>bojjhaṅga</i> (q. v.). Esp. with <i>numerals</i>:cattāri aṅgāni 4 constituents A.II,79 (viz. sīla,samādhi,paññā. vimutti and rūpa,vedanā,saññā,bhava),aṭṭhaṅgika (q. v.) magga the Path with its eight constituents or the eightfold Path (KhA 85:aṭṭh’aṅgāni assā ti) navaṅga Buddha-sāsana see nava. -- (3) a constituent part as characteristic,prominent or distinguishing,a mark,attribute,sign,quality D.I,113 sq.,117 (<i>iminā p° aṅgena</i> by this quality,or:in this respect,cp. below 4; DA.I,281 expl<sup>s</sup> tena kāra‹-› ṇena). In a special sense striking (abnormal) sign or mark on the body D.I,9,from which a prophesy is made (:hattha-pādādisu yena kenaci evarūpena aṅgena samannāgato dīghāyu . . hotī ti . . aṅgasatthan = chiromantics DA.I,92). Thus in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>samannāgata </i>&<i> sampanna</i> always meaning endowed with “good”,superior,remarkable “qualities”,e. g. J.I,3 (sabbaṅga-sampanna nagaraṃ a city possessing all marks of perfection); II,207. ‹-› In enum<sup>n.</sup> with var. <i>numerals</i>:tīhi aṅgehi s. A.I,115; cattāri sotapannassa a- D.III,227 = A.IV,405 sq.; pañcaṅga-vippahīno (i. e. giving up the 5 hindrances,see nīvaraṇa) and pañcaṅga-samannāgato (i. e. endowed with the 5 good qualities,viz. the sīla-kkhandha,see kkhandha II.A d) S.I,99 = A.I,161; V,15,29. Similarly the 5 attributes of a brahmin (viz. sujāta of pure birth,ajjhāyaka a student of the Vedas,abhirūpa handsome,sīlava of good conduct,paṇḍita clever) D.I,119,120. Eight qualities of a king D.I,137. Ten qualities of an Arahant (cp. dasa<sup>1</sup> B 2) S.III,83; Kh IV.10 = KhA 88; cp. M.I,446 (dasah’aṅgehi samannāgato rañño assājāniyo). -- (4) (modally) part,share,interest,concern; <i>ajjhattikaṃ</i> aṅgaṃ my own part or interest (opp. bāhiraṃ the interest in the outside world). A.I,16 sq. = S.V,101 sq.; It.9. rañño aṅgaṃ an asset or profit for the king M.I,446. Thus adv. <i>tadaṅga</i> (see also ta° I.a) as a matter of fact,in this respect,for sure,certainly and <i>tadaṅgena</i> by these means,through this,therefore M.I,492; A.IV,411; Sdhp.455,456; iminā p° aṅgena for that reason M.II,168. -- In comp<sup>n.</sup> with verbs <i>aṅgi°</i> (aṅgī°):angigata having limbs or ports,divided DA.I,313; cp. samaṅgi (-bhūta).<br><br> <i>--jāta</i> “the distinguishing member”,i. e. sign of male or female (see above 3); membrum virile and muliebre Vin.I,191 (of cows); III,20,37,205; J.II,359; Miln.124. <i>--paccaṅga</i> one limb or the other,limbs great and small M.I,81; J VI--20,used (a) collectively:the condition of perfect limbs,or adj. with perfect limbs,having all limbs Pv.II,12<sup>12</sup> (= paripuṇṇa-sabbaṅga-paccaṅgavatī PvA.158); SnA 383; DhA.I,390; ThA.288; Sdhp.83 fig. rathassa aṅgapaccaṅgan M.I,395; sabbaṅga-paccaṅgāni all limbs Miln.148. -- (b) distributively (cp. similar redupl. formations like chiddâvachidda,seṭṭhânu-seṭṭhi,khaṇḍākhaṇḍa,cuṇṇavicuṇṇa) limb after limb,one limb after the other (like aṅgamaṅgāni above 1),piecemeal M.I,133 (°e daseyya),366; J.I,20; IV,324 (chinditvā). <i>--paccaṅgatā</i> the condition or state of perfect limbs,i. e. a perfect body VvA.134 (suvisuddh°). <i>--paccaṅgin</i> having all limbs (perfect) D.I,34 (sabbaṅga-peccaṅgī); PvA.189. <i>--rāga</i> painting or rouging the body Vin.II,107 (+ mukha°). <i>--laṭṭhi</i> sprout,offshoot ThA.226. <i>--vāta</i> gout Vin.I,205. <i>--vijjā</i> the art of prognosticating from marks on the body,chiromantics,palmistry etc. (cp. above 3) D.I,9 (see expl. at DA.I,93); J.I,290 (°āya cheka clever in fortune-telling); °ânubhāva the power of knowing the art of signs on the body J.II,200; V,284; °pāṭhaka one who in versed in palmistry etc. J.II,21,250; V,458. <i>--vekalla</i> bodily deformity DhA.II,26. <i>--sattha</i> the science of prognosticating from certain bodily marks DA.I,92. <i>--sambhāra</i> the combination of parts Miln.28 = S.I,135; Miln.41. <i>--hetuka</i> a species of wild birds,living in forests J.VI,538. (Page 6),4,1
  1385. 40982,en,15,angada,aṅgada,Aṅgada,Aṅgada,[cp. Sk. aṅgada; prob. aṅga + da that which is given to the limbs] a bracelet J.V,9,410 (<i>citt°</i>,adj. with manifold bracelets). (Page 7),6,1
  1386. 40998,en,15,angadin,aṅgadin,Aṅgadin,Aṅgadin,(adj.) [to aṅgada] wearing a bracelet J.V,9. (Page 7),7,1
  1387. 41100,en,15,angana,aṅgaṇa,Aṅgaṇa,Aṅgaṇa,<sup>2</sup> [prob. to <em>anj</em>,thus a variant of añjana,q. v.]; a speck or freckle (on the face) A.V,92,94 sq. (+ raja). Usually in neg. <i>anaṅgana</i> (adj.) free from fleck or blemish,clear,(of the mind) (opp. sângana Sn.279); D.I,76; M.I,24 sq.; 100 (+ raja); A.II,211; Sn.517 (+ vigata‹-› raja = aṅgaṇānan abhāvā malānañ ca vigamā . . . SnA 427),622 = Dh.125 (= nikkilesa DhA.III,34); Dh.236,351; Pug.60; Nett 87. (Page 6),6,1
  1388. 41101,en,15,angana,aṅgaṇa,Aṅgaṇa,Aṅgaṇa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp. Sk. aṅgaṇa &#38; °na; to aṅga?] an open space,a clearing,Vin.II,218; J.I,109 (= manussānan sañcaraṇa-ṭṭhāne anāvaṭe bhūmibhāge C.); II,243,290,357; Dāvs.I,27. -- <i>cetiy°</i> an open space before a Chaitya Miln.366,DA.I,191,197; VvA.254. <i>rāj°</i> the empty space before the king’s palace,the royal square J.I,124,152; II,2; DhA.II,45.<br><br> <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> a clearing (in a wood or park) J.I,249,421. <i>--pariyanta</i> the end or border of a clearing J.II,200. (Page 6),6,1
  1389. 41222,en,15,angara,aṅgāra,Aṅgāra,Aṅgāra,(m. nt.) [Vedic aṅgāra] charcoal,burning coal,embers A.III,97,380,407; J.I,73; III,54,55; V,488; Sn.668; Sdhp.32. <i>kul°</i> the charcoal of the family,a squanderer S.IV,324 (see under kula).<br><br> <i>--kaṭāha</i> a pot for holding burning coal,a charcoal pan DA.I,261. <i>--kapalla</i> an earthenware pan for ashes DhA.I,260; Dhs.A 333; VvA.142. <i>--kammakara</i> a charcoal burner J.VI,209. <i>--kāsu</i> a charcoal pit M.I,74,365; Th.2,491; J.I,233; Sn.396; ThA.288; DhA.I,442; Sdhp.208. <i>--pacchi</i> a basket for ashes DhA.IV,191. <i>--pabbata</i> the mountain of live embers,the glowing mount (in Niraya) A.I,141; Miln.303; PvA.221 (°āropaṇa); Sdhp.208. <i>--maṃsa</i> roast meat Mhvs 10,16. <i>--masi</i> ashes DhA.III,309. <i>--rāsi</i> a heap of burning coal J.III,55. (Page 7),6,1
  1390. 41256,en,15,angaraka,aṅgāraka,Aṅgāraka,Aṅgāraka,(adj.) [cp. Sk. aṅgaraka] like charcoal,of red colour,N. of the planet Mars DA.I,95; cp. J.I,73. (Page 7),8,1
  1391. 41372,en,15,angarika,aṅgārika,Aṅgārika,Aṅgārika,a charcoal-burner J.VI,206 (= aṅgāra-kammakara p. 209). (Page 7),8,1
  1392. 41375,en,15,angarin,aṅgārin,Aṅgārin,Aṅgārin,(adj.) [to aṅgāra] (burning) like coal,of brightred colour,crimson Th.1,527 = J.I,87 (dumā trees in full bloom). (Page 7),7,1
  1393. 41497,en,15,angika,aṅgika,Aṅgika,Aṅgika,(-°) (adj.) [fr. aṅga] consisting of parts,-- fold; only in comp<sup>n.</sup> with num. like aṭṭh°,duv° (see dve),catur°,pañc° etc.,q. v. (Page 7),6,1
  1394. 41506,en,15,angin,aṅgin,Aṅgin,Aṅgin,(adj.) limbed,having limbs or parts,-- fold,see catur° &#38; pacc° (under aṅga-paccaṅgin). -- f. <i>aṅginī</i> having sprouts or shoots (of a tree) Th.2,297 (= ThA.226). (Page 7),5,1
  1395. 41539,en,15,angula,aṅgula,Aṅgula,Aṅgula,[Vedic aṅgula,lit. “limblet” see aṅga for etym.] 1. a finger or toe M.I,395 (vaṅk’ aṅgulaṇ karoti to bend the fingers,v. l. aṅguliṇ); A.III,6 (id.); J V 70 (goṇ° adj. with ox toes,expl<sup>d.</sup> by C. as with toes like an ox’s tail; vv. ll. °aṅguṭṭha and °aṅgulī). -- 2. a finger as measure,i. e. a finger-breadth,an inch Vin.II,294,306 (<i>dvaṅgula</i> 2 inches wide); Mhvs 19,11 (<i>aṭṭh°</i>); DhA.III,127 (<i>ek°</i>).<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhi</i> (? cp. aṅga-laṭṭhi) fingers (or toes) and bones DA.I,93. <i>--aṅguli</i> fingers and toes DhA.III,214. <i>--antarikā</i> the interstices between the fingers Vin.III,39; Miln.180; DhA.III,214. (Page 7),6,1
  1396. 41568,en,15,anguleyyaka,aṅguleyyaka,Aṅguleyyaka,Aṅguleyyaka,(nt.) [cp. Sk. aṅgulīyaka that which belongs to the finger,Mhg. vingerlîn = ring; E. bracelet,Fr. bras; thimble thumb etc.] an ornament for the finger,a finger-ring J.II,444 (= nikkha). (Page 7),11,1
  1397. 41579,en,15,anguli,aṅgulī,Aṅgulī,Aṅgulī, &#38; Aṅguli (thus always in cpds.) (f.) [Vedic aṅgulī &#38; °i; see <i>aṅga</i>] a finger A.IV,127; Sn.610; J.III,416; IV,474; V,215 (vaṭṭ° with rounded fingers); Miln.395; DhA.II,59; IV,210; SnA 229.<br><br> <i>--patodaka</i> nudging with the fingers Vin.III,84 = IV.110; D.I,91 = A.IV,343. <i>--pada</i> finger-mark A.IV,127 = S.III,154. <i>--poṭha</i> snapping or cracking the fingers J.V,67. <i>--muddikā</i> a signet ring Vin.II,106; J.IV,498; V,439,467. <i>--saṅghaṭṭana°</i> = poṭha DA.I,256. (Page 7),6,1
  1398. 41616,en,15,angulika,aṅgulika,Aṅgulika,Aṅgulika,(nt.) [=aṅgulī] a finger J.III,13 (pañc°); V,204 (vaṭṭ° = pavāḷ° aṅkurasadisā vaṭṭaṅgulī p. 207). See also pañcaṅgulika. (Page 7),8,1
  1399. 41776,en,15,anguttha,aṅguṭṭha,Aṅguṭṭha,Aṅguṭṭha,[cp. Sk. aṅguṣṭha,see etym. under <i>aṅga</i>] 1. the thumb Vin.III,34; Miln.123; PvA.198. -- 2. the great toe J.II,92; Mhvs 35,43.<br><br> <i>--pada</i> thumb-mark A.IV,127 = S.III,154. <i>--sineha</i> love drawn from the thumb,i. e. extraordinary love Pv III,5<sup>2</sup>,cp. PvA.198. (Page 7),8,1
  1400. 41783,en,15,angutthaka,aṅguṭṭhaka,Aṅguṭṭhaka,Aṅguṭṭhaka,= aṅguṭṭha J.IV,378; V,281; pād° the great toe S.V,270. (Page 7),10,1
  1401. 41807,en,15,anha,aṇha,Aṇha,Aṇha,[Sk. ahna,day,see ahan] day,only as --° in apar°,pubb°,majjh°,sāy°,q. v. (Page 17),4,1
  1402. 41812,en,15,anha,anha,Anha,Anha,[Vedic ahan] see pubbanha,majjhanha,sāyanha. Cp. <i>aha</i>. (Page 50),4,1
  1403. 41813,en,15,anhamana,añhamāna,Añhamāna,Añhamāna,[Sk. aśnāna,ppr. med. of aśnāti,<em>aś</em> to eat] eating,taking food; enjoying:only SS at Sn.240; all MSS at 239 have asamāna. SnA 284 expl<sup>s.</sup> by āhārayamāna. (Page 14),8,1
  1404. 41823,en,15,ani,āṇi,Āṇi,Āṇi,(Vedic āṇi to aṇu fine,thin,flexible,in formation an n-enlargement of Idg. *olenā,cp. Ohg. lun,Ger. lünse,Ags. lynes = E. linch,further related to Lat. ulna elbow,Gr. w)lέnh,Ohg. elina,Ags. eln = E. el-bow. See Walde,Lāt. Wtb. under ulna &#38; lacertus]. -- 1. the pin of a wheel-axle,a linch-pin M.I,119; S.II,266,267; A.II,32; Sn.654; J.VI,253,432; SnA 243; KhA 45,50. -- 2. a peg,pin,bolt,stop (at a door) M.I,119; S. II 266 (drum stick); J.IV,30; VI,432,460; Th.1,744; Dh.I,39. ‹-› 3. (fig.) (°-) peg-like (or secured by a peg,of a door),small,little in °colaka a small (piece of) rag Vin.II,271,cp. I.205 (vaṇabandhana-colaka); °dvāra Th.1,355; C. khuddaka-dvāra,quoted at Brethren 200,trsl. by Mrs. Rh. D. as “the towngate’s sallyport” by Neumann as “Gestöck” (fastening,enclosure) āṇi-gaṇṭhik’āhato ayopatto at Vism.108; DA.I,199 is apparently a sort of brush made of four or five small pieces of flexible wood. (Page 97),3,1
  1405. 41899,en,15,anibbisam,anibbisaṃ,Anibbisaṃ,Anibbisaṃ,[ppr. of nibbisati,q. v.] not finding Th.1,78 = Dh.153 (= taṃ ñāṇaṃ avindanto DhA.III,128). (Page 33),9,1
  1406. 42058,en,15,aniccha,anicchā,Anicchā,Anicchā,(f.) [an + icchā] dispassion S v.6; adj. °a without desires,not desiring Sn.707. (Page 33),7,1
  1407. 42187,en,15,anigha,anigha,Anigha,Anigha,see nigha<sup>1</sup> and īgha. Anicca,see Nicca. (Page 33),6,1
  1408. 42198,en,15,anigha,anīgha,Anīgha,Anīgha,see nigha<sup>1</sup> and cp. īgha. (Page 33),6,1
  1409. 42228,en,15,anika,anīka,Anīka,Anīka,(nt.) [Ved. anīka face,front,army to Idg. *ogǔ (see),cp. Gr. o)/mma eye,Lat. oculus,see also Sk. pratīka and P. akkhi] army,array,troops (orig. “front”,i. e. of the battle-array) Vin.IV,107 (where expl<sup>d.</sup> in detail); Sn.623 (bala° strong in arms,with strong array i. e. of khanti,which precedes; cp. SnA 467).<br><br> --<i>agga</i> a splendid army Sn.421 (= balakāya senāmukha SnA 384). --<i>ṭṭha</i> a sentinel,royal guard D.III,64,148; J v.100; VI,15 (“men on horseback”,horseguard); Miln.234,264. --<i>dassana</i> troop-inspection D.I,6 (aṇīka° at DA.I,85,q. v. interpretation); Vin.IV,107 (senābyūha +). (Page 33),5,1
  1410. 42281,en,15,anikhata,anikhāta,Anikhāta,Anikhāta,(adj.) [a + nikhāta,pp. of nikhanati] not dug into,not dug down,not deep J.VI,109 (°kūla; C. agambhīrā). (Page 33),8,1
  1411. 42287,en,15,anikkaddhana,anikkaḍḍhanā,Anikkaḍḍhanā,Anikkaḍḍhanā,(f.) [a + nikkaḍḍhanā] not throwing out or expelling J.III,22. (Page 33),12,1
  1412. 42295,en,15,anikkasava,anikkasāva,Anikkasāva,Anikkasāva,(adj.) [a + nikkasāva,cp. nikasāva] not free from impurity,impure,stained Dh.9 = Th.1,969 = J.II,198 = v.50; DhA.I,82 (= rāgâdīhi kasāvehi sakasāva). (Page 33),10,1
  1413. 42350,en,15,anila,anila,Anila,Anila,[from an,cp. Sk. aniti to breathe,cp. Gr. a)/nemos wind; Lat. animus breath,soul,mind] wind J.IV,119 (°patha air,sky); Miln.181; VvA.237; Sdhp.594. (Page 33),5,1
  1414. 42419,en,15,animisa,animisa,Animisa,Animisa,(adj.) [Ved. animeṣa,cp. nimisati] not winking,waking,watchful Dāvs v.26 (nayana). (Page 33),7,1
  1415. 42532,en,15,anindi-,anindi-,Anindi-,Anindi-,[the comp<sup>n.</sup> form of nindā] in °ḷocana (with) faultless eyes J.VI,265. (Page 33),7,1
  1416. 42539,en,15,anindita,anindita,Anindita,Anindita,(adj.) [a + nindita] blameless,faultless J.IV,106 (°aṅgin of blameless body or limbs). (Page 33),8,1
  1417. 42569,en,15,aninjana,aniñjana,Aniñjana,Aniñjana,<i> </i>(nt.) [an + iñjana] immobility,steadfastness Ps.I,15. (Page 33),8,1
  1418. 42581,en,15,aninjita,aniñjita,Aniñjita,Aniñjita,(adj.) [an + iñjita] immoveable,undisturbed,unshaken Th.1,386. (Page 33),8,1
  1419. 42614,en,15,anirakata,anirākata,Anirākata,Anirākata,(adj.) [a + nirākata] see <i>niraṅkaroti</i>. (Page 33),9,1
  1420. 42641,en,15,anisada,ānisada,Ānisada,Ānisada,(nt.) [a + <em>sad</em>] “sit down”,bottom,behind M.I,80 = 245; J.III,435 (gloss asata) Vism.251 = KhA 45 (°ttaca),252 (°maṃsa). (Page 101),7,1
  1421. 42682,en,15,anisamsa,ānisaṃsa,Ānisaṃsa,Ānisaṃsa,[ā + ni + saṃsa,BSk. distorted to anuśaṃsa] praise i. e. that which is commendable,profit,merit,advantage,good result,blessing in or from (c. Loc.). ‹-› There are five ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīla-sampadāya or blessings which accrue to the virtuous enum<sup>d.</sup> at D.II,86,viz. <i>bhogakkhandha</i> great wealth,<i>kittisadda</i> good report,<i>visārada</i> self-confidence,<i>asammūlho kālaṃ karoti</i> an untroubled death,<i>saggaṃ lokaṃ uppajjati</i> a happy state after death. -- D.I,110,143; III,132 (four),236 (five); M.I,204; S.I,46,52; III,8,93 (mahā°); V,69 (seven),73,129,133,237 (seven),267,276; A.I,58 (karaṇīye kariyamāne); II,26,185,239,243 (sikkhā°); III,41 (dāne),248 (dhammasavane),250 (yāguyā),251 (upaṭṭhita-satissa),253 sq. (sīlavato sīlasampadāya etc.,as above),267 (sucarite),441; IV,150 (mettāya ceto-vimuttiyā),361 (dhammasavane),439 sq. (nekkhamme avitakke nippītike),442,443 sq. (ākās’ānañcāyatane); V,I,106 (mahā°),311; It.28,29,40 (sikkhā°); Sn.256 (phala°),784,952; J.I,9,94; V,491 (v. l. anu°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 73,104,441; Kvu 400; Miln.198; VvA.6,113; PvA.9 (dāna°) 12,64 (= phala),208,221 (= guṇa); Sdhp.263. -- Eleven ānisaṃsas of mettā (cp. Ps.II,130) are given in detail at Vism.311‹-› 314; on another eight see pp. 644 sq. (Page 101),8,1
  1422. 42785,en,15,anissara,anissara,Anissara,Anissara,(adj.) [an + issara] without a personal ereator Th.1,713. (Page 33),8,1
  1423. 42841,en,15,anissukin,anissukin,Anissukin,Anissukin,(adj.) [an + issukin,see also an-ussukin] not hard,not greedy,generous D.III,47 (+ amaccharin; v. l. anussukin); SnA 569 (see under niṭṭhurin). (Page 33),9,1
  1424. 42854,en,15,anita,ānīta,Ānīta,Ānīta,[pp. of ānetī] fetched,brought (here),brought back adduced J.I,291; III,127; IV,1. (Page 101),5,1
  1425. 42879,en,15,aniti,anīti,Anīti,Anīti,(f.) [an + īti] safety,soundness,sound condition,health A.IV,238; Miln.323 (Abl. °ito). (Page 33),5,1
  1426. 42890,en,15,anitiha,anītiha,Anītiha,Anītiha,(adj.) [an + ītīha,the latter a cpd. der. fr. iti + ha = saying so and so,cp. itihāsa &#38; itihītihaṃ] not such and such,not based on hearsay (itiha),not guesswork or (mere) talk A.II,26; Th.1,331 (cp. M.I,520); Sn.1053 (= Nd<sup>2</sup> 49,151); J.I,456; Nett 166 (cp. It.28). (Page 33),7,1
  1427. 42900,en,15,anitika,anītika,Anītika,Anītika,(adj.) [fr. anīti] free from injury or harm,healthy,secure Vin.II,79 = 124 (+ anupaddava); III,162; S.IV,371; Sn.1137 (ītī vuccanti kilesā etc. Nd<sup>2</sup> 48); Miln.304. (Page 33),7,1
  1428. 42944,en,15,anitthangata,aniṭṭhaṅgata,Aniṭṭhaṅgata,Aniṭṭhaṅgata,see niṭṭhā<sup>2</sup>. (Page 33),12,1
  1429. 42970,en,15,anitthi,anitthi,Anitthi,Anitthi,(f.) [an + itthi] a woman lacking the characteristics of womanhood,a woman ceasing to be a woman,“nonwoman” J.II,126 (comp<sup>d</sup> with anadī a river without water; interpreted by ucchiṭṭh-itthi). (Page 33),7,1
  1430. 43000,en,15,anitthita,aniṭṭhita,Aniṭṭhita,Aniṭṭhita,see niṭṭhita. (Page 33),9,1
  1431. 43137,en,15,aniyamita,aniyamita,Aniyamita,Aniyamita,(adj.) [pp. of a + niyameti] indefinite (as tt. g.) VvA.231. (Page 33),9,1
  1432. 43174,en,15,aniyata,aniyata,Aniyata,Aniyata,(adj.) [a + niyata] not settled,uncertain,doubtful Vin.I,112; II,287; D.III,217. (Page 33),7,1
  1433. 43243,en,15,anja,añja,Añja,Añja,(adv.) [orig. imper. of añjati<sup>1</sup>; cp. Sk. anjasā (Instr.) quickly,Goth. anaks suddenly,lit. with a pull or jerk] pull on! go on! gee up! J.I,192. (Page 13),4,1
  1434. 43253,en,15,anjali,añjali,Añjali,Añjali,[cp. Sk. añjali,fr. añjati<sup>1</sup>] extending,stretching forth,gesture of lifting up the hands as a token of reverence (cp. E. to “tender” one’s respect),putting the ten fingers together and raising them to the head (VvA.7:dasanakha-samodhāna-samujjalaṃ añjaliṃ paggayha). Only in stock phrases (a.) <i>añjaliṃ paṇāmeti</i> to bend forth the outstretched hands Vin.II,188; D.I,118; Sn.352; Sn.p. 79. (b.) <i>°ṃ paggaṇhāti</i> to perform the a. salutation J.I,54; DhA.IV,212; VvA.7,312 (<i>sirasmiṃ</i> on one’s head); PvA.93. (c.) <i>°ṃ karoti</i> id. PvA.178; cp. <i>katañjali</i> (adj.) with raised hands Sn.1023; J.I,17; PvA.50,and <i>añjalikata</i> id. Pv.II,12<sup>20</sup>. Cp. pañjali<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> respectful salutation,as above A.I,123; II,180; IV,130; Vv 78<sup>8</sup>,83<sup>16</sup>; DhA.I,32. <i>--karaṇīya</i> (adj.) that is worthy of being thus honoured D.III,5; A.II,34; III,36; IV,13 sq.; It.88. (Page 13),6,1
  1435. 43261,en,15,anjalika,añjalikā,Añjalikā,Añjalikā,(f.) [= añjali] the raising of the hands as a sign of respectful salutation Vv 1<sup>5</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.24 as dasanakha-samodhāna samujjalaṃ añjaliṃ sirasi paggaṇhantī guṇa-visiṭṭhānaṃ apacayānaṃ akāsiṃ). (Page 13),8,1
  1436. 43292,en,15,anjana,añjana,Añjana,Añjana,(nt.) [from añjati<sup>2</sup>] ointment,esp. a collyrium for the eyes,made of antimony,adj. anointed,smeary; glossy,black (cp. kaṇha II. and kāla<sup>1</sup> note). -- 1. Vin.I,203 (five kinds viz. kāḷ°,ras°,sot°,geruka,kapalla); D.I,7,12; DA.I,98 (khār°); 284; DhA.III,354 (akkhi° eye-salve). -- 2. glossy,jet-black J.I,194; II,369; V,416. The reading añjana at A.IV,468 is wrong,it should be corrected into thanamajjanamattaṃ. See also pacc°. In meaning collyrium box at Th.2,413 (= añjana-nāḷi ThA.267); DhA.II,25.<br><br> <i>--akkhiha</i> with anointed eyes Th.1,960. <i>--upapisana</i> perfume to mix with ointment Vin.I,203; II,112. <i>--cuṇṇa</i> aromatic powder DhsA.13. <i>--nāḷi</i> an ointment tube,collyrium box ThA.267. <i>--rukkha</i> N. of a tree (“black” tree) J.I,331. <i>--vaṇṇa</i> of the colour of collyrium,i. e. shiny,glossy,dark,black D.II,18 (lomāni); J.I,138 (kesā),194; II,369; PvA.258 (vana). (Page 13),6,1
  1437. 43399,en,15,anjani,añjanī,Añjanī,Añjanī,(f.) [fr. añjana] a box for ointment,a collyrium pot Vin.I,203,204; II,135; IV,168; M.II,65 = Th.1,773. (Page 13),6,1
  1438. 43407,en,15,anjanisalaka,añjanisalākā,Añjanisalākā,Añjanisalākā,(f.) a stick to put the ointment on with Vin.I,203; II,135; J.III,419. (Page 13),12,1
  1439. 43433,en,15,anjasa,añjasa,Añjasa,Añjasa,[Sk. āñjasa (?). Cp. ārjava = P. ajjava,see añjati<sup>1</sup> &#38; añjaya] straight,straightforward (of a road) D.I,235; J.I,5; Th.2,99; Vv 50<sup>20</sup> (cp. VvA.215); VvA.84 (= akuṭila); Mhvs 25,5; Miln.217; Sdhp.328,595. Cp. pañjasa. (Page 13),6,1
  1440. 43456,en,15,anjati,añjati,Añjati,Añjati,<sup>2</sup> &#38; Añjeti [= Sk. añjayati,Caus. of anakti to smear etc.; cp. Sk. añji ointment,ājya butter; Lat. unguo to anoint,unguentum ointment; Ohg. ancho = Ger. Anke butter] to smear,anoint,paint S.II,281; J.IV,219 (akkhīni añjetvā,v. l. BB añcitvā). Caus. II,<i>añjāpeti</i> DhA.I,21. ‹-› pp. <i>añjita</i> (q. v.). (Page 13),6,1
  1441. 43457,en,15,anjati,añjati,Añjati,Añjati,<sup>1</sup> [= Sk. ṛñjati,ṛjyati to stretch,pull along,draw out,erect; cp. Sk. ṛju straight,caus. irajyati; Gr. o)rέgw; Lat. rego,rectus = erect. See also P. uju,añchati,ajjita,ānañja-ānejja]. See añja,añjaya,añjali,añjasa. (Page 13),6,1
  1442. 43470,en,15,anjaya,añjaya,Añjaya,Añjaya,(adj.) [from añjati<sup>1</sup>] straight J.III,12 (vv. ll. ajjava &#38; and ājjava better?) expl<sup>d</sup> by C. as ujuka,akuṭila. See also ajjava. Should we assume misreading for añjasa? (Page 13),6,1
  1443. 43489,en,15,anjita,añjita,Añjita,Añjita,[Sk. aṅkta &#38; añjayita,pp. of añjeti] smeared,anointed J.I,77 (su-añjitāni akkhīni); IV,421 (añjit’akkha). (Page 13),6,1
  1444. 43509,en,15,anka,aṅka,Aṅka,Aṅka,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic aṅka hook,bent etc.,<em>anc</em>,cp. aṅkura &#38; aṅkusa. Gr. a]gkw/n elbow,a]/gkura = anchor; Lat. uncus nail; Ohg. angul = E. angle] (a.) a hook J.V,322 = VI,218 (v. l. BB aṅga). -- (b.) the lap (i. e. the bent position) or the hollow above the hips where infants are carried by Hindoo mothers or nurses (<i>aṅkena vahati</i>) Vin.II,114; D.II,19 (<i>aṅke pariharati</i> to hold on one’s lap or carry on one’s hips),20 (<i>nisīdāpeti</i> seat on one’s lap); M.II,97 (<i>aṅkena vahitvā</i>); Th.1,299; J.I,262 (<i>aṅke nisinna</i>); II,127,236; VI,513; DhA.I,170 (<i>aṅkena vahitvā</i>) PvA.17 (<i>nisīdāpeti</i>). (Page 6),4,1
  1445. 43510,en,15,anka,aṅka,Aṅka,Aṅka,<sup>1</sup> = aṅga,sign,mark,brand Miln.79; <i>°karana</i> branding J.IV,366,375. See also aṅketi. (Page 6),4,1
  1446. 43525,en,15,anketi,aṅketi,Aṅketi,Aṅketi,[denom. fr. aṅka<sup>1</sup>] to mark out,brand J.I,451 lakkhaṇena); II,399. -- pp. <i>aṅkita</i>,q. v. (Page 6),6,1
  1447. 43539,en,15,ankita,aṅkita,Aṅkita,Aṅkita,[pp. of aṅketi] marked,branded J.I,231 (cakkaṅkitā Satthu padā); II,185 (<i>°kaṇṇaka</i> with perforated ears). (Page 6),6,1
  1448. 43548,en,15,ankola,aṅkola,Aṅkola,Aṅkola,[dial. for aṅkura] a species of tree <i>Alangium Hexapetalum</i> J.VI,535. Cp. next. (Page 6),6,1
  1449. 43552,en,15,ankolaka,aṅkolaka,Aṅkolaka,Aṅkolaka,= aṅkola J.IV,440; V,420. (Page 6),8,1
  1450. 43568,en,15,ankura,aṅkura,Aṅkura,Aṅkura,[cp. Sk. aṅkura,to aṅka a bend = a tendril etc.] a shoot,a sprout (lit. or fig.) J.II,105; VI,331 (Buddh °a nascent Buddha),486; Dhs.617 (°vaṇṇa); Miln.50,251 269; Sdhp.273; Mhvs 15,43. (Page 6),6,1
  1451. 43601,en,15,ankusa,aṅkusa,Aṅkusa,Aṅkusa,[Vedic aṅkuśa; to <em>anc</em>,see aṅka<sup>2</sup>] a hook,a pole with a hook,used (1) for plucking fruit off trees,a crook J.I,9 (°pacchi hook &#38; basket); V,89 = VI,520 (pacchikhanitti°),529 (= phalānaṃ gaṇhanatthaṃ aṅkusaṃ). ‹-› (2) to drive an elephant,a goad (cp patoda &#38; tutta) Vin.II,196 (+ kasā); J.VI,489; ThA.173 (ovādaṃ aṅkusaṃ katvā,fig. guide); Sdhp.147 (daṇḍ°). -- (3) N. of a certain method of inference in Logic (naya),consisting in inferring certain mental states of a general character from respective traits where they are to be found Nett 2,4,127; Nett A 208; -- <i>acc°</i> beyond the reach of the goad D.II,266 (nāga). See also aṅkusaka.<br><br> <i>--gayha</i> (the art) how to grasp and handle an eleph.‹-› driver’s hook M.II,94 (sippa). <i>--gaha</i> an eleph.-driver Dh.326. (Page 6),6,1
  1452. 43618,en,15,ankusaka,aṅkusaka,Aṅkusaka,Aṅkusaka,[see aṅka<sup>2</sup>,cp. aṅkusa] 1. a crook for plucking fruit J.III,22. -- 2. an eleph.-driver’s hook J.III,431.<br><br> <i>--yattha</i> a crooked stick,alpenstock,staff (of an ascetic) J.II,68 (+ pacchi). (Page 6),8,1
  1453. 43645,en,15,anna,añña,Añña,Añña,(pron.) [Vedic anya,with compar. suff. ya; Goth. anpar; Ohg. andar; formation with n analagous to those with l in Gr. a)λlos (a)λjos),Lat. alius (cp. alter),Goth. aljis Ags. elles = E. else. From demonstr. base *eno,see na<sup>1</sup> and cp. a<sup>3</sup>] another etc. -- A. By itself:1. other,not the same,different,another,somebody else (opp. oneself) Vin.III,144 (aññena,scil. maggena,gacchati to take a different route); Sn.459,789,904; Dh.158 (opp. attānaṃ),165; J.I,151 (opp. attano); II,333 (aññaṃ vyākaroti give a diff. answer). -- 2. another one,a second; nt. else,further Sn.1052 (= uttariṃ nt. Nd<sup>2</sup> 17); else J.I,294. aññaṃ kiñci (indef.) anything else J.I,151. yo añño every other,whoever else J.I,256. -- 3. <i>aññe</i> (pl.) (the) others,the rest Sn.189,663,911; Dh.43,252,355; J.I,254. -- B. del. in correlation:1. copulative. añña . . añña the one . . the other (. . the third etc.); this,that &#38; the other; some . . some Vin.I,15; Miln.40; etc. ‹-› 2. reciprocative <i>añño aññaṃ</i>,<i> aññamaññaṃ</i>,<i> aññoññaṃ</i> one another,each other,mutually,reciprocally (in ordinary construction &#38; declension of a noun or adj. in sg.; cp. Gr. a)llήlwn,allήlous in pl.). (a.) <i>añño aññaṃ</i> Dh.165. (b.) <i>aññamañña</i> (cp. BSk. añyamañya M Vastu II,436),as pron.:n’ālaṃ aññamaññassa sukhāya vā dukkhāya vā D.I,56 = S III 211. n’aññamaññassa dukkhaṃ iccheyya do not wish evil to each other Sn.148. daṇḍehi aññamaññaṃ upakkamanti (approach each other) M.I,86 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 199. °ṃ agāravo viharati A.III,247. dve janā °ṃ ghātayiṃsu (slew each other) J.I,254. aññamaññaṃ hasanti J.V,111; °ṃ musale hantvā J.V,267. °ṃ daṇḍâbhigāṭena PvA.58; or adj.:aññamaññaṃ veraṃ bandhiṃsu (established mutual enmity) J.II,353; °ṃ piyasaṃvāsaṃ vasiṃsu J.II,153; aññamaññaṃ accayaṃ desetvā (their mutual mistake) DhA.I,57; or adv. dve pi aññamaññaṃ paṭibaddha citta ahesuṃ (in love with each other) J.III,188; or °-:aññamañña-paccaya mutually dependent,interrelated Ps.II,49,58. ‹-› (c.) <i>aññoñña</i> (°-) J.V,251 (°nissita); Dāvs.V,45 (°bhinna). -- 3. disjunctive añña . . añña one . . the other,this one . . . that one,different,different from aññaṃ jīvaṃ . . aññaṃ sarīraṃ one is the soul . . the other is the body,i. e. the soul is different from the body D.I,157; M.I,430; A.V,193; aññā va saññā bhavissati añño attā D.I,187. Thus also in phrase <i>aññena aññaṃ</i> opposite,the contrary,differently,contradictory (lit. other from that which is other) Vin.II,85 (paṭicarati make counter-charges); D.I,57 (vyākāsi gave the opposite or contradictory reply); Miln.171 (aññaṃ kayiramānaṃ aññena sambharati). ‹-› <i>anañña</i> (1) not another,i. e. the same,self-same,identical M.I,256 (= ayaṃ). -- (2) not anotber,i. e. alone,by oneself,oneself only Sn.65 (°posin; opp. paraṃ) = Nd 4,cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 36. -- (3) not another,i. e. no more,only,alone Sn.p. 106 (dve va gatiyo bhavanti anaññā:and no other or no more,only two). See also under cpds.<br><br> <i>--ādisa</i> different J.VI,212,°tā difference PvA.243. <i>--khantika</i> acquiescing in diff. views,following another faith (see khantika) D.I,187; M.I,487. <i>--titthiya</i> an adherent of another sect,a non-Buddhist.; D.III,115; M.I,494,512; P II,21,32 sq.,119; III,116 sq.; IV,51,228; V,6,27 sq.; A.I,65,240; II,176; IV,35 sq.; Vin.I,60; J.I,93; II,415. <i>--diṭṭhika</i> having diff. views (comb<sup>d.</sup> with añña-khantika) D.I,187; M.I,487. <i>--neyya</i> (an°) not to be guided by somebody else,i. e. independent in one’s views,having attained the right knowledge by oneself (opp. para°) Sn.55,213,364. <i>--mano</i> (an°) (adj.) not setting one’s heart upon others Vv 11<sup>5</sup> (see VvA.58). <i>--vāda</i> holding other views,an° (adj.) Dpvs.IV,24. <i>--vādaka</i> one who gives a diff. account of things,one who distorts a matter,a prevaricator Vin.IV,36. <i>--vihita</i> being occupied with something else,distracted,absent-minded Vin.IV,269; DhA.III,352,381; °tā distraction,absentmindedness DhA.I,181. <i>--saraṇa</i> (an°) not betaking oneself to others for refuge,i. e. of independent,sure knowledge S.III,42 =.V,154. <i>--sita</i> dependent or relying on others Sn.825. (Page 13),4,1
  1454. 43662,en,15,anna,aññā,Aññā,Aññā,(f.) [Sk. ājñā,= ā + <em>jñā</em>,cp. ājānāti] knowledge,recognition,perfect knowledge,philosophic insight,knowledge par excellence,viz. Arahantship,saving knowledge,gnosis (cp. on term Compend. 176 n. 3 and Psalms of Brethren introd. XXXIII,) M.I,445; S.I,4 (sammad°),24 (aññāya nibbuta); II,221; V,69,129 (diṭṭh’eva dhamme),133,237; A.III,82,143,192; V,108; It.39 sq.,53,104; Dh.75,96; Kh VII,11; Miln.334. -- <i>aññaṃ vyākaroti</i> to manifest ones Arahantship (by a discourse or by mere exclamation) Vin.I,183; S.II,51 sq.,120; IV,139; V,222; J.I,140; II,333. See also arahatta.<br><br> <i>--atthika</i> desirous of higher knowledge Pv IV.1<sup>14</sup>. <i>--ārādhana</i> the attainment of full insight M.I,479. <i>--indriya</i> the faculty of perfect knowledge or of knowledge made perfect D.III,219; S.V,204; It.53; Pug.2; Dhs.362,505,552; Nett 15,54,60. <i>--citta</i> the thought of gnosis,the intention of gaining Arahantship S.II,267; A.III,437. <i>--paṭivedha</i> comprehension of insight Vin.II,238. <i>--vimokkha</i> deliverance by the highest insight Sn.1105,1107 (Nd<sup>2</sup> 19:vuccati arahatta-vimokkho). (Page 14),4,1
  1455. 43674,en,15,anna,aṇṇa,Aṇṇa,Aṇṇa,(food,cereal). See passages under aparaṇṇa &#38; pubbaṇṇa. (Page 17),4,1
  1456. 43685,en,15,anna,anna,Anna,Anna,(nt.) [Vedic anna,orig. pp. of adati to eat] “eating”,food,esp. boiled rice,but includes all that is eaten as food,viz. odana,kummāsa,sattu,maccha,maṃsa (rice,gruel,flour,fish,meat) Nd<sup>1</sup> 372 = 495. Anna is spelt <i>aṇṇa</i> in comb<sup>ns</sup> <i>apar</i>’<i>aṇṇa</i> and <i>pubb</i>’<i>aṇṇa</i>. Under dhañña (Nd<sup>2</sup> 314) are distinguished 2 kinds,viz. raw,natural cereals (pubb’aṇṇaṃ:sāli,vīhi,yava,godhūma,kaṅgu,varaka,kudrūsaka) and boiled,prepared food (apa’aṇṇaṃ:sūpeyya curry). SnA 378 (on Sn.403) expl<sup>s.</sup> anna by yāgubhattâdi. -- D.I,7; A.I,107,132; II,70,85,203; Sn.82,240,403,924; J.III,190; Pug.51; Sdhp.106,214.<br><br> <i>--āpa</i> food &#38; water Sdhp.100. <i>--da</i> giving food Sn.297. <i>--pāna</i> food &#38; water,eating &#38; drinking,to eat &#38; to drink Sn.485,487; Pv.I,5<sup>2</sup>,8<sup>2</sup>; KhA 207,209; PvA.7,8,30,31,43. (Page 49),4,1
  1457. 43760,en,15,annada,aññadā,Aññadā,Aññadā,(adv.) [añña + dā,cp. kadā,tadā,yadā] at another time,else,once S.IV,285; J.V,12; DhA.IV,125. (Page 14),6,1
  1458. 43780,en,15,annadatthu,aññadatthu,Aññadatthu,Aññadatthu,(adv.) [lit. aññad atthu let there be anything else,i. e. be it what it will,there is nothing else,all,everything,surely] part. of affirmation = surely,all-round,absolutely (ekaṃsa-vacane nipāto DA.I,111) only,at any rate D.I,91; II,284; Sn.828 (na h’aññadatth’atthi pasaṃsa-lābhā,expl<sup>d.</sup> SnA 541 as na hi ettha pasaṃsa-lābhato añño attho atthi,cp. also Nd<sup>1</sup> 168); Miln.133; VvA.58; PvA.97,114.<br><br> <i>--dasa</i> sure-seeing,seeing everything,all pervading D.I,18; III,135,185; A.II,24; III,202; IV,89,105; It.15. (Page 14),10,1
  1459. 44034,en,15,annana,aññāṇa,Aññāṇa,Aññāṇa,(nt.) [a + ñāṇa] ignorance; see ñāṇa 3 e. (Page 14),6,1
  1460. 44068,en,15,annanaka,aññāṇaka,Aññāṇaka,Aññāṇaka,(nt.) [Demin. of aññāṇa] ignorance Vin.IV,144. (Page 14),8,1
  1461. 44114,en,15,annanin,aññāṇin,Aññāṇin,Aññāṇin,(adj.) [a + ñāṇin] ignorant,not knowing DhA.III,106. (Page 14),7,1
  1462. 44260,en,15,annata,aññāta,Aññāta,Aññāta,<sup>2</sup> [a + ñāta] unknown,see ñāta. (Page 14),6,1
  1463. 44261,en,15,annata,aññāta,Aññāta,Aññāta,<sup>1</sup> [pp. of ājānāti,q. v.] known,recognised Sn.699. <i>an°</i> what is not known,in phrase anaññāta-ññassāmī’t’indriya the faculty of him (who believes):“I shall know what is not known (yet)” D.III,219; S.V,204; It.53; Pug.2; Dhs.296 (cp. Dhs.trsl. 86); Nett 15,54,60,191.<br><br> <i>--mānin</i> one who prides himself in having perfect knowledge,one who imagines to be in possession of right insight A.III,175 sq.; Th.1,953. (Page 14),6,1
  1464. 44285,en,15,annataka,aññātaka,Aññātaka,Aññātaka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Demin. of aññāta<sup>2</sup>] unknown,unrecognisable,only in phrase <i>°vesena</i> in unknown form,in disguise J.I,14; III,116; V,102. (Page 14),8,1
  1465. 44286,en,15,annataka,aññātaka,Aññātaka,Aññātaka,<sup>1</sup> [a + ñātaka,cp. Sk. ajñāti] he who is not a kinsman DhA.I,222. (Page 14),8,1
  1466. 44319,en,15,annatama,aññatama,Aññatama,Aññatama,(pron. adj.) [añña + superl. suff. tama; see also aññatara] one out of many,the one or the other of,a certain,any Mhvs 38,14. (Page 14),8,1
  1467. 44329,en,15,annatar,aññātar,Aññātar,Aññātar,[n. ag. to ājānāti] one who knows,a knower of D.II,286; M.I,169; S.I,106 (dhammassa); Kvu 561. (Page 14),7,1
  1468. 44336,en,15,annatara,aññatara,Aññatara,Aññatara,(pron. adj.) [Sk. anyatara,añña + compar. suff. tara,cp. Lat. alter,Goth. anpar etc.] one of a certain number,a certain,somebody,some; often used (like <i>eka</i>) as indef. article “a”. Very frequent,e. g. Sn.35,210; It.103; Dh.137,157; J.I,221,253; II,132 etc. devaññatara a certain god,i. e. any kind of god S.IV,180 = A.IV,461. (Page 14),8,1
  1469. 44411,en,15,annatavin,aññātāvin,Aññātāvin,Aññātāvin,(adj. -n.) [from ājānāti] one who has complete insight DhsA.291.<br><br> <i>--indriya</i> (°tāv’indr.) the faculty of one whose knowledge is made perfect Dhs.555 (cp. Dhs.trsl. 150) and same loci as under aññindriya (see aññā). (Page 14),9,1
  1470. 44424,en,15,annatha,aññathā,Aññathā,Aññathā,(adv.) [añña + thā] in a different manner,otherwise,differently S.I,24; Sn.588,757; DhsA.163; PvA.125,133. <i>anaññathā</i> without mistake Vv 44<sup>18</sup>; <i>anaññatha</i> (nt.) certainty,truth Ps.II,104 (= tatha).<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> (1) a different existence A.II,10; It.9 = 94; Sn.729,740,752; (2) a state of difference; i. e. change,alteration,unstableness D.I,36; S.II,274; III,8,16,42; Vbh.379. <i>--bhāvin</i> based on difference S.III,225 sq.; IV,23 sq.,66 sq.; an° free from difference Vin.I,36. (Page 14),7,1
  1471. 44444,en,15,annathatta,aññathatta,Aññathatta,Aññathatta,(nt.) [aññathā + tta] 1. change,alteration S.III,37; IV,40; A.I,153; III,66; Kvu 227 (= jarā C,cp. Kvu trsl. 55 n. 2); Miln.209. -- 2. difference J.I,147; It.11. -- 3. erroneous supposition,mistake Vin.II,2; S.III,91; IV,329. -- 4. fickleness,change of mind,doubt,wavering,M.I,448,457 (+ domanassa); J.I,33 (cittaṃ); PvA.195 (cittassa). (Page 14),10,1
  1472. 44510,en,15,annatra,aññatra,Aññatra,Aññatra,(adv.) [anya + tra,see also aññattha] elsewhere,somewhere else J.V,252; Pv IV.1<sup>62</sup>. In comp<sup>n.</sup> also = añña°,e. g. aññatra-yoga (adj.) following another discipline D.I,187; M.I,487. -- As prep. c. Abl. (and Instr.) but,besides,except,e. g. a. iminā tapo- pakkamena D.I,168; kiṃ karaṇīyaṃ a. dhammacariyāya S.I,101; ko nu aññatram-ariyehi who else but the Nobles Sn.886 (= ṭhapetvā saññā-mattena SnA 555). <i>--kiṃ aññatra</i> what but,i. e. what else is the cause but,or:this is due to; but for D.I,90 (vusitavā-mānī k. a. avusitattā); S.I,29 (k. k. a. adassanā except from blindness); Sn.206 (id.). (Page 14),7,1
  1473. 44539,en,15,annattha,aññattha,Aññattha,Aññattha,(adv.) [from añña = aññatra,adv. of place,cp. kattha,ettha] somewhere or anywhere else,elsewhere (either place where or whereto) J.I,291; II,154; DhsA.163; DhA.I,212; III,351; PvA.45; Mhvs 4,37; 22,14. (Page 14),8,1
  1474. 44568,en,15,annatukama,aññātukāma,Aññātukāma,Aññātukāma,(adj.) [ā + jñātuṃ + kāma] desirous of gaining right knowledge A.III,192. See ājānāti. (Page 14),10,1
  1475. 44588,en,15,annava,aṇṇava,Aṇṇava,Aṇṇava,(nt.) [Sk. arṇa &#38; arṇava to <em>ṛ</em>,ṛṇoti to move,Idg. <i>*er</i> to be in quick motion,cp. Gr. o)ρnumi; Lat. orior; Goth. rinnan = E. run; Ohg. runs,river,flow.] 1. a great flood (= ogha),the sea or ocean (often as mah°,cp. BSk. mahārṇava,e. g. Jtm 31<sup>75</sup>) M.I,134; S.I,214; IV,157 (mahā udak°); Sn.173 (fig. for saṃsāra see SnA 214),183,184; J.I,119 (°kucchi),227 (id.); V,159 (mah°); Mhvs 5,60; 19,16 (mah°). -- 2. a stream,river J.III,521; V,255. (Page 17),6,1
  1476. 44644,en,15,annaya,aññāya,Aññāya,Aññāya,[ger. of ājānāti,q. v. for detail] reeognising,knowing,in the conviction of S.I,24; A.III,41; Dh.275,411. (Page 14),6,1
  1477. 44650,en,15,annaya,annaya,Annaya,Annaya,in dur° see <i>anvaya</i>. (Page 49),6,1
  1478. 44678,en,15,annonna,aññoñña,Aññoñña,Aññoñña,see añña B 2 c. (Page 14),7,1
  1479. 44692,en,15,ano,ano,Ano,Ano,- is a frequent form of comp<sup>n.</sup> <i>an-ava</i>,see <i>ava</i>. (Page 46),3,1
  1480. 44708,en,15,anodaka,anodaka,Anodaka,Anodaka,(adj.) [an + udaka] without water,dry J.I,307; DhA.I,52; Sdhp.443. (Page 46),7,1
  1481. 44752,en,15,anodissaka,anodissaka,Anodissaka,Anodissaka,(adj.) [an + odissa + ka] unrestricted,without exception,general,universal; only in cpd. <i>°vasena</i> universally,thoroughly (with ref. to mettā) J.I,81; II 146; VvA.97 (in general; opp. <i>odissaka-vasena</i>). See also Mrs. Rh. D. Psalms of the Brethren p. 5 n. 1. (Page 46),10,1
  1482. 44772,en,15,anogha,anogha,Anogha,Anogha,in anogha-tiṇṇa see <i>ogha</i>. <i>Anojaka = anojā</i> Vv 35<sup>4</sup> (= VvA.161,where classed with yodhikā bandhujīvakā). (Page 46),6,1
  1483. 44799,en,15,anoja,anojā,Anojā,Anojā,(f.) [*Sk. anujā] a kind of shrub or tree with red flowers J.VI,536 (korandaka +); usually in cpd. <i>anojapuppha</i> the a. flower,used for wreaths etc. J.I,9 (°dāma,a garland of a flowers); VI,227 (id.); DhA.II,116 (°caṅgoṭaka). (Page 46),5,1
  1484. 44806,en,15,anojagghati,anojagghati,Anojagghati,Anojagghati,at D.I,91 is v. l. for <i>anujagghati</i>. (Page 46),11,1
  1485. 44835,en,15,anoka,anoka,Anoka,Anoka,(nt.) [an + oka] houselessness,a houseless state,fig freedom from worldliness or attachment to life,singleness S.V,24 = A.V,232 = Dh.87 (okā anokaṃ āgamma). ‹-› adj. homeless,free from attachment S.I,176; Dh.87 (= <i>anālaya</i> DhA.II,162); Sn.966 (adj.; expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 487 by abhisaṅkhāra-sahagatassa viññāṇassa okāsaṃ na karoti, &#38; at SnA 573 by abhisaṅkhāra-viññān’ādīnaṃ anokāsabhūta).<br><br> <i>sārin</i> living in a houseless state,fig. being free from worldly attachment S.III,10 = Nd<sup>1</sup> 197; Sn.628 (= <i>anālaya-cārin</i> SnA 468); Ud.32; Dh.404 (v. l. anokka°); DhA.IV,174 (= <i>anālaya-</i>cārin); Miln.386. (Page 46),5,1
  1486. 44920,en,15,anoma,anoma,Anoma,Anoma,(adj.) (only °-) [an + oma] not inferior,superior,perfect,supreme,in foll. cpds.<br><br> <i>--guṇa</i> supreme virtue DA.I,288. <i>--dassika</i> of superior beauty Vv 20<sup>7</sup>,VvA.103 (both as v. l.; T. anuma°); Vv 43<sup>7</sup>. <i>--dassin</i> one who has supreme knowledge; of unexcelled wisdom (Name of a Buddha) J.I,228. <i>--nāma</i> of perfect name S.I,33 (“by name the Peerless” Mrs. Rh. D.),235; Sn.153,177 (cp. SnA 200). <i>--nikkama</i> of perfect energy Vv 64<sup>27</sup> (= paripuṇṇa-viriyatāya a. VvA.284). <i>--pañña</i> of lofty or supreme wisdom (Ep. of the Buddha) Sn.343,352 (= mahāpañña SnA 347); Th.2,522 (= paripuṇṇa-pañña ThA.296),DhA.I,31. <i>--vaṇṇa</i> of excellent colour Sn.686 J.VI,202. <i>--viriya</i> of supreme exertion or energy Sn.353. (Page 46),5,1
  1487. 44959,en,15,anomajjati,anomajjati,Anomajjati,Anomajjati,[anu + ava + majjati,<i>mṛj</i>] to rub along over,to stroke,only in phrase <i>gattāni pāṇinā a</i>. to rub over one’s limbs with the hand M.I,80,509; S.V,216. (Page 46),10,1
  1488. 45021,en,15,anonamati,anonamati,Anonamati,Anonamati,[an + onamati] not to bend,to be inflexible,in foll. expressions:<i>anonamaka</i> (nt.) not stooping DhA.II,136; <i>auonamanto</i> (ppr.) not bending D.II,17 = III,143; <i>anonami-daṇḍa</i> (for anonamiya°) an inflexible stick Miln.238 (anoṇami° T,but anonami° vv. ll.,see Miln.427). (Page 46),9,1
  1489. 45039,en,15,anopa,anopa,Anopa,Anopa,see <i>anūpa</i>. (Page 46),5,1
  1490. 45061,en,15,anoramati,anoramati,Anoramati,Anoramati,[an + ava + <em>ram</em>] not to stop,to continue J.III,487; DhA.III,9 (ger. <i>°itvā</i> continually). (Page 46),9,1
  1491. 45068,en,15,anorapara,anorapāra,Anorapāra,Anorapāra,(adj.) [an + ora + pāra] having (a shore) neither on this side nor beyond Miln.319. (Page 46),9,1
  1492. 45101,en,15,anosita,anosita,Anosita,Anosita,(adj.) [an + ava + sita,pp. of <em>sā</em>] not inhabited (by),not accessible (to) Sn.937 (= anajjhositaṃ Nd<sup>1</sup> 441; jarādīhi anajjhāvutthaṃ ṭhānaṃ SnA 566). (Page 46),7,1
  1493. 45161,en,15,anottapin,anottāpin,Anottāpin,Anottāpin, &#38; Anottappin (adj.) [fr. anottappa] not afraid of sin,bold,reckless,shameless D.III,252,282 (pp; ahirika); Sn.133 (p; ahirika +); It.27,115 (anatāpin anottappin,vv. ll. anottāpin); Pug.20,24. (Page 46),9,1
  1494. 45169,en,15,anottappa,anottappa,Anottappa,Anottappa,(nt.) [an + ottappa] recklessness,hardness D.III,212; It.34 (ahirika +); Pug.20; Dhs.365. Cp. anottāpin. (Page 46),9,1
  1495. 45226,en,15,anovassa,anovassa,Anovassa,Anovassa,(nt.) [an + ovassa; cp. Sk. anavavarṣana] absence of rain,drought J.V,317 (v. l. BB for anvāvassa T.; q. v.). (Page 46),8,1
  1496. 45233,en,15,anovassaka,anovassaka,Anovassaka,Anovassaka,(adj.) [an + ovassaka] sheltered from the rain,dry Vin.II,211; IV,272; J.I,172; II,50; III,73; DhA.II,263; ThA.188. (Page 46),10,1
  1497. 45258,en,15,anta,anta,Anta,Anta,<sup>3</sup> (nt.) [Vedic āntra,contr. fr. antara inner = Lat. interus,Gr. e)/ntera intestines] the lower intestine,bowels,mesentery It.89; J.I,66,260 (°vaddhi-maṃsa etc.); Vism.258; DhA.I,80.<br><br> <i>--gaṇṭhi</i> twisting of the bowels,lit. “a knot in the intestines” Vin.I,275 (°ābādha). <i>--guṇa</i> [see guṇa<sup>2</sup> = gula<sup>1</sup>] the intestinal tract,the bowels S.II,270; A.IV,132; Kh III,= Miln.26; Vism.42; KhA 57. <i>--mukha</i> the anus J.IV,402. <i>--vaṭṭi</i> = °guṇa Vism.258. (Page 47),4,1
  1498. 45259,en,15,anta,anta,Anta,Anta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Vedic antya] 1. having an end,belonging to the end; only in neg. <i>ananta</i> endless,infinite,boundless (opp. <i>antavant</i>); which may be taken as equal to anta<sup>1</sup> (corresp. with Sk. anta (adj.) or antya; also in doublet anañca,see ākās’ânañca and viññāṇ’ânañca); D.I,23,34 = D.III,224,262 sq.; Sn.468 (°pañña); Dh.179,180 (°gocara having an unlimited range of mental vision,cp. DhA.III,197); J.I,178. -- 2. extreme,last,worst J.II,440 (C. hīna,lāmaka); see also anta<sup>1</sup> 4. -- Acc. as adv. in <i>ekantaṃ</i> extremely,very much,“utterly” Dh.228 etc. See eka. (Page 47),4,1
  1499. 45260,en,15,anta,anta,Anta,Anta,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic anta; Goth. andeis = Ohg. anti = E. end; cp. also Lat. antiae forehead (:E. antler),and the prep. anti opposite,antika near = Lat. ante; Gr. a)nti/ &#38; a)/nta opposite; Goth.,Ags. and; Ger. ant-; orig. the opposite (i. e. what stands against or faces the starting-point)]. 1. end,finish,goal S.IV,368 (of Nibbāna); Sn.467; J.II,159. <i>antaṃ karoti</i> to make an end (of) Sn.283,512; Dh.275,cp. antakara,°kiriyā. -- Loc. <i>ante</i> at the end of,immediately after J.I,203 (vijay°). -- 2. limit,border,edge Vin.I,47; Dh.305 (van°); J.III,188. -- 3. side:see ekamantaṃ (on one side,aside). -- 4. opposite side,opposite,counterpart; pl. parts,contrasts,extremes; thus also used as “constituent,principle” (in <i>tayo </i>&<i> cattāro antā;</i> or does it belong to anta<sup>2</sup> 2. in this meaning? Cp. ekantaṃ extremely,under anta<sup>2</sup>):<i>dve</i> antā (two extremes) Vin.I,10; S.II,17; III,135. <i>ubho</i> antā (both sides) Vin.I,10; S.II,17; J.I,8; Nd<sup>1</sup> 109. <i>eko</i>,<i> dutiyo</i> anto (contrasts) Nd<sup>1</sup> 52. As tayo antā or principles(?),viz. sakkāya,s.-samudaya,s.-nirodha D.III,216,cp. A.III,401; as <i>cattāro</i>,viz. the 3 mentioned plus s.-nirodhagāmini-paṭipadā at S.III,157. Interpreted by Morris as “goal” (J P T S. 1894,70). -- Often pleonastically,to be expl<sup>d</sup> as a “pars pro toto” figure,like <i>kammanta</i> (q. v.) the end of the work,i. e. the whole work (cp. E. sea-side,country-side); <i>vananta</i> the border of the wood = the woods Dh.305; Pv.II,3<sup>10</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> by vana PvA.86; same use in BSk.,vanânta e. g. at Jtm VI,21; cp. also grāmânta Av. Ś. I.210); <i>suttanta</i> (q. v.),etc. Cp. ākāsanta J.VI,89 &#38; the pleonastic use of patha. <i>--ananta</i> (n.) no end,infinitude; (adj.) endless,corresponds either to Sk. anta or antya,see anta<sup>2</sup>.<br><br> <i>--ânanta</i> end &#38; no end,or finite and endless,D.I,22; DA.I,115. <i>--ânantika</i> (holding views of,or talking about) finiteness and infinitude D.I,22 (see expl<sup>n.</sup> at DA.I,115); S.III,214,258 sq.; Ps.I,155. <i>--kara</i> putting an end to,(n.) a deliverer,saviour; usually in phrase dukkhass’a. (of the Buddha) M.I,48,531; A.II,2; III,400 sq.; Th.1,195; It.18; Sn.32,337,539; Pug.71. In other comb<sup>n.</sup> A.II,163 (vijjāy’); Sn.1148 (pañhān’). -- <i>--kiriyā</i> putting an end to,ending,relief,extirpation; always used with ref. to dukkha S.IV,93; lt 89; Sn.454,725; DhA.IV,45. <i>--gata</i> = antagū Nd<sup>2</sup> 436 (+ koṭigata). <i>--gāhikā</i> (f.),viz. diṭṭhi,is an attribute of micchādiṭṭhi,i. e. heretical doctrine. The meaning of anta in this comb<sup>n.</sup> is not quite clear:either “holding (wrong) principles (goals,Morris)”,viz. the 3 as specified above 4 under tayo antā (thus Morris J P T S. 1884,70),or “taking extreme sides,i. e. extremist”,or “wrong,opposite (= antya,see anta<sup>2</sup>)” (thus Kern,Toev. s. v.) Vin.I,172; D.III,45,48 (an°); S.I,154; A.I,154; II,240; III,130; Ps.I,151 sq. <i>--gū</i> one who has gone to the end,one who has gone through or overcome (dukkha) A.IV,254,258,262; Sn.401 (= vaṭṭadukkhassa antagata); 539. <i>--ruddhi</i> at J.VI,8 is doubtful reading (antaruci?). <i>--vaṭṭi</i> rimmed circumference J.III,159. <i>--saññin</i> being conscious of an end (of the world) D.I,22,cp. DA.I,115. (Page 46),4,1
  1500. 45351,en,15,antaka,antaka,Antaka,Antaka,[Vedic antaka] being at the end,or making an end,Ep. of Death or Māra Vin.I,21; S.I,72; Th.2,59 (expl<sup>d</sup> by ThA.65 as lāmaka va Māra,thus taken = anta<sup>2</sup>); Dh.48 (= maraṇa-saṅkhāto antako DhA.II,366),288 (= maraṇa DhA.III,434). (Page 47),6,1
  1501. 45379,en,15,antalikkha,antalikkha,Antalikkha,Antalikkha,(nt.) [Vedic antarikṣa = antari-kṣa (<i>kṣi</i>),lit. situated in between sky and earth] the atmosphere or air D.II,15; A.III,239; IV,199; Sn.222,688; Dh.127 = Miln.150 = PvA.104; Pv.I,3<sup>1</sup> (= vehāyasa-saññita a. PvA.14); KhA 166.<br><br> <i>--ga</i> going through the air A.I,215. <i>--cara</i> walking through the air Vin.I,21; D.I,17; S.I,111; J.V,267; DA.I,110. (Page 48),10,1
  1502. 45417,en,15,antamaso,antamaso,Antamaso,Antamaso,(adv.) [orig. Abl. of antama,*Sk. antamaśah; cp. BSk. antaśah as same formation fr. anta,in same meaning (“even”) Av. Ś. I.314; Divy 161] even Vin.III,260; IV,123; D.I,168; M.III,127; A.V,195; J.II,129; DA.I,170; SnA 35; VvA.155. (Page 47),8,1
  1503. 45478,en,15,antara,antara,Antara,Antara,(adj.) [Vedic antara,cp. Gr. e]/ntera = Sk. antra (see anta<sup>3</sup>),Lat. interus fr. prep. inter. See also ante &#38; anto]. Primary meanings are “inside” and “in between”; as adj. “inner”; in prep. use &#38; in cpds. “inside,in between”. Further development of meaning is with a view of contrasting the (two) sides of the inside relation,i. e. having a space between,different from; thus nt. <i>antaraṃ</i> difference.<br><br> I. (Adj.-n) 1. (a) inner,having or being inside It.83 (tayo antarā malā three inward stains); esp. as --° in cpds. <i>āmis°</i> with greed inside,greedy,selfish Vin.I,303; <i>dos°</i> with aṅger inside,i. e. angry Vin.II,249; D.III,237; M.I,123; PvA.78 (so read for des°). Abl. <i>antarato</i> from within It.83. (b) in between,distant; dvādasa yojan° antaraṃ ṭhānaṃ PvA.139 139. -- 2. In noun-function (nt.):(a). spatial:the inside (of) Vv 36<sup>1</sup> (pītantara a yellow cloak or inside garment = pītavaṇṇa uttariya VvA.116); Dāvs.I,10 (dīp’antara-vāsin living on the island); DhA.I,358 (kaṇṇa-chidd° the inside of the ear; VvA.50 (kacch° inner room or apartment). Therefore also “space in between”,break J.V,352 (= chidda C.), &#38; obstacle,hindrance,i. g. what stands in between:see cpds. and antara-dhāyati (for antaraṃ dhāyati). -- (b). temporal:an interval of time,hence time in general, &#38; also a specified time,i. e. occasion. As interval in Buddhantaraṃ the time between the death of one Buddha and the appearance of another,PvA.10,14,21,47,191 etc. As time:It.121 (etasmiṃ antare in that time or at this occasion); Pv.I,10<sup>11</sup> (dīghaṃ antaraṃ = dīghaṃ kālaṃ PvA.52); PvA.5 (etasmiṃ antare at this time,just then). As occasion:J.V,287; Pug.55 (eḷaka-m-antaraṃ occasion of getting rain). S.I,20,quoted DA.I,34,(mañ ca tañ ca kiṃ antaraṃ what is there between me and you?) C. expl<sup>s.</sup> kiṃ kāraṇā. M<sup>rs.</sup> Rh. D. in trsl<sup>n</sup>. p. 256 “of me it is and thee (this talk) -- now why is this”; J.VI,8 (assa antaraṃ na passiṃsu they did not see a diff. in him). -- 3. Phrases:<i>antaraṃ karoti</i> (a) to keep away from or at a distance (trs. and intrs.),to hold aloof,lit. “to make a space in between” M.III,14; J. IV.2 (°katvā leaving behind); Pug.A 231 (ummāraṃ a. katvā staying away from a threshold); also adverbially:dasa yojanāni a. katvā at a distance of 10 y. PvA.139. -- (b.) to remove,destroy J.VI,56 (v. l. BB. antarāyaṃ karoti).<br><br> II. In prep. use (°-) with Acc. (direction) or Loc. (rest):inside (of),in the midst of,between,during (cp. III,use of cases). (a.) w. Acc.:antaragharaṃ paviṭṭha gone into the house Miln.11. -- (b.) w. Loc.:antaraghare nisīdanti (inside the house) Vin.II,213; °dīpake in the centre of the island J.I,240; °dvāre in the door J.V,231; °magge on the road (cp. antarāmagge) PvA.109; °bhatte in phrase ekasmiṃ yeva a. during one meal J I 19 = DhA.I,249; °bhattasmiṃ id. DhA.IV,12; °vīthiyan in the middle of the road PvA.96. °satthīsu between the thighs Vin.II,161 (has antarā satthīnaṃ) = J.I,218.<br><br> III,Adverbial use of cases,Instr. <i>antarena</i> in between D.I,56; S.IV,59,73; J.I,393; PvA.13 (kāl° in a little while,na kālantarena ib. 19). Often in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>antarantarena</i> (c. Gen.) right in between (lit. in between the space of) DhA.I,63,358. -- Loc. <i>antare</i> in,inside of,in between (-° or c. Gen. KhA 81 (sutt° in the Sutta); DhA.III,416 (mama a.); PvA.56,63 (rukkh°). Also as <i>antarantare</i> right inside,right in the middle of (c. Gen.) KhA 57; DhA.I,59 (vanasaṇḍassa a.). -- Abl. <i>antarā</i> (see also sep. article of antarā) in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>antarantarā</i> from time to time,occasionally; successively time after time Sn.p. 107; DhA.II,86; IV,191; PvA.272.<br><br> IV. <i>anantara</i> (adj.) having or leaving nothing in between i. e. immediately following,incessant,next,adjoining J.IV,139; Miln.382 (solid; DhA.I,397; PvA.63 (tadantaraṃ immediately hereafter),92 (immed. preceding),97 (next in caste). See also abbhantara.<br><br> <i>--atīta</i> gone past in the meantime J.II,243. <i>--kappa</i> an intermediary kappa (q. v.) D I 54. <i>--kāraṇa</i> a cause of impediment,hindrance,obstacle Pug.A 231 <i>--cakka</i> “the intermediate round”,i. e. in astrology all that belongs to the intermediate points of the compass Miln.178. <i>--cara</i> one who goes in between or inside,i. e. a robber S.IV,173. <i>--bāhira</i> (adj.) inside &#38; outside J.I,125. <i>--bhogika</i> one who has power (wealth,influence) inside the kings dominion or under the king,a subordinate chieftain (cp. antara-raṭṭha) Vin.III,47 <i>--raṭṭha</i> an intermediate kingdom,rulership of a subordinate prince J.V,135. <i>--vāsa</i> an interregnum Dpvs.V.80. <i>--vāsaka</i> “inner or intermediate garment”,one of the 3 robes of a Buddhist bhikkhu (viz. the saṅghāṭī,uttarāsaṅga &#38; a.) Vin.I,94,289; II,272. Cf. next. <i>--sāṭaka</i> an inner or lower garment [cp. Sk. antarīya id.],under garment,i. e. the one between the outer one &#38; the body VvA.166 (q. v.). (Page 47),6,1
  1504. 45495,en,15,antara,antarā,Antarā,Antarā,(adv.) [Abl. or adv. formation fr. antara; Vedic antarā.] prep. (c. Gen. Acc. or Loc.),pref. (°-) and adv. “in between” (of space &#38; time),midway,inside; during,meanwhile,between. On interpretation of term see DA.I,34 sq. -- (1). (prep.) c. Acc. (of the two points compared as termini; cp. B.Sk. antarā ca Divy 94 etc.) D.I,1 (antarā ca Rājagahaṃ antarā ca Nāḷandaṃ between R. and N.). -- c. Gen. &#38; Loc. Vin.II,161 (satthīnaṃ between the thighs,where id. p. at J.I,218 has antara-satthīsu); A.II,245 (satthīnaṃ. but v. l. satthimhi). -- (2) (adv.) meanwhile Sn.291,694; It.85; Dh.237. -- occasionally Miln.251. -- (3). (pref.) see cpds.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> “in between talk,talk for pastime,chance conversation,D.II,1,8,9; S.I,79; IV,281; A.III,167; Sn.p. 115; DA.I,49 and freq. passim. <i>--gacchati</i> to come in between,to prevent J.VI,295. <i>--parinibbāyin</i> an Anāgāmin who passes away in the middle of his term of life in some particular heaven D.III,237; A.I,233; Pug.16. <i>--magge</i> (Loc.) on the road,on the way J.I,253; Miln.16; DhA.II,21; III,337; PvA.151,258,269,273 (cp. antara°). <i>--maraṇa</i> premature death DhA.I,409; PvA.136. <i>--muttaka</i> one who is released in the meantime Vin.II,167. (Page 48),6,1
  1505. 45540,en,15,antaradhana,antaradhāna,Antaradhāna,Antaradhāna,(nt.) [fr. antaradhāyati] disappearance A.I,58 (saddhammassa); II,147; III,176 sq.; Miln.133; Dhs.645,738,871. Cp. °dhāyana. (Page 47),11,1
  1506. 45567,en,15,antaradhayana,antaradhāyana,Antaradhāyana,Antaradhāyana,(nt.) [fr. antaradhāyati] disappearance DhA.IV,191. (v. l. °adhāna). (Page 48),13,1
  1507. 45578,en,15,antaradhayati,antaradhāyati,Antaradhāyati,Antaradhāyati,[antara + dhāyati] to disappear Sn.449 (°dhāyatha 3<sup>rd</sup> sg. med.); Vv 81<sup>28</sup> (id.); J.I,119 = DhA.I,248; DhA.IV,191 (ppr. °dhāyamāna &#38; aor. dhāyi) PvA.152,217,(°dhāyi),245; VvA.48. -- ppr. <i>antarahita</i> (q. v.). -- Caus. <i>antaradhāpeti</i> to cause to disappear,to destroy J.I,147; II,415; PvA.123. (Page 47),13,1
  1508. 45630,en,15,antarahita,antarahita,Antarahita,Antarahita,(adj.) [pp. of antaradhāyati] 1. disappeared,gone,left D.I,222. M.I,487. Miln.18. PvA.245. -- 2 in phrase <i>anantarahitāya bhūmiyā</i> (loc) on the bare soil (lit. on the ground with nothing put in between it &#38; the person lying down,i. e. on an uncovered or unobstructed ground) Vin.I,47; II,209; M.II,57. (Page 48),10,1
  1509. 45669,en,15,antarala,antarāḷa,Antarāḷa,Antarāḷa,(nt.) [Sk antarāla] interior,interval Dāvs.I,52; III,53 (nabh°). (Page 48),8,1
  1510. 45694,en,15,antaramsa,antaraṃsa,Antaraṃsa,Antaraṃsa,[B.Sk. antarâṃsa; antara + aṃsa] “in between the shoulders”,i. e. the chest J.V,173 = VI,171 (phrase <i>lohitakkho vihat</i>’<i>antaraṃso</i>). (Page 47),9,1
  1511. 45725,en,15,antarapana,antarāpaṇa,Antarāpaṇa,Antarāpaṇa,(nt.) [antarā + paṇa “in between the shopping or trading”] place where the trading goes on,bazaar J.I,55; VI,52; Miln.1,330; DhA.I,181. (Page 48),10,1
  1512. 45769,en,15,antaratthaka,antaraṭṭhaka,Antaraṭṭhaka,Antaraṭṭhaka,(adj.) [antara + aṭṭhaka] only in phrases <i>rattisu antaraṭṭhakāsu</i> and <i>antaraṭṭhake hima-pātasamaye</i> (in which antara functions as prep. c. Loc.,according to antara II. b.) i. e. in the nights ( &#38; in the time of the falling of snow) between the eighths (i. e. the eighth day before &#38; after the full moon:see aṭṭhaka<sup>2</sup>). First phrase at Vin.I,31,288; III 31; second at M.I,79 (cp. p. 536 where <i>Trenckner</i> divides anta-raṭṭhaka); A.I,136 (in Nom.); J.I,390; Miln.396. (Page 47),12,1
  1513. 45818,en,15,antaraya,antarāya,Antarāya,Antarāya,<sup>2</sup> (adv.) [Dat. of antara or formation fr. antara + ger. of <i>i</i>?) in the meantime Sn.1120 (cp Nd<sup>2</sup> 58) = antarā SnA. 603. (Page 48),8,1
  1514. 45819,en,15,antaraya,antarāya,Antarāya,Antarāya,<sup>1</sup> [antara + aya from <i>i</i>,lit. “coming in between”] obstacle,hindrance,impediment to (-°); prevention,bar; danger,accident to (-). There are 10 dangers (to or from) enum<sup>d.</sup> at Vin.I,112,169 etc.,viz. <i>rāja°</i>,<i> cora°</i>,<i> aggi°</i>,<i> udaka°</i>,<i> manussa°</i>,<i> amanussa°</i>,<i> vāḷa°</i>,<i> siriṃsapa°</i>,<i> jīvita°</i>,<i> brahmacariya°</i>. In B.Sk. 7 at Divy 544,viz. rājā-caura-manuṣy-amanuṣya-vyāḍ-agny-udakaṃ. -- D.I,3,25,26; A.III,243,306; IV,320; Sn.691,692; Dh.286 (= jīvit° DhA.III,431); J.I,62,128; KhA 181; DhA II 52; VvA.1 = PvA.1 (hat° removing the obstacles) <i>--antarāyaṃ karoti</i> to keep away from,hinder,hold back,prevent,destroy Vin.I,15; J.VI,171; Vism.120; PvA.20.<br><br> <i>--kara</i> one who causes impediments or bars the way,an obstructor D.I,227; S.I,34; A.I,161; Pv IV.3<sup>22</sup>. (Page 48),8,1
  1515. 45840,en,15,antarayati,antarayati,Antarayati,Antarayati,[cp. denom. fr. antara] to go or step in between,ger. <i>antaritvā</i> (= antarayitvā) J.I,218. (Page 48),10,1
  1516. 45856,en,15,antarayika,antarāyika,Antarāyika,Antarāyika,(adj.) [fr. antarāya] causing an obstacle,forming an impediment Vin.I,94 = II.272; M.I,130; S.II,226; ThA.288. (Page 48),10,1
  1517. 45864,en,15,antarayikin,antarāyikin,Antarāyikin,Antarāyikin,(adj.-n.) [cp. antarāyika] one who meets with an obstacle,finding difficulties Vin.IV,280 (an° = asati antarāye). (Page 48),11,1
  1518. 45881,en,15,antarika,antarika,Antarika,Antarika,(adj.) [fr. antara] “being in between”,i. e. ‹-› 1. intermediate,next,following:see an°. -- 2. distant,lying in between PvA.173 (aneka-yojan° ṭhāna). See also f. antarikā. -- 3. inside:see antarikā. <i>--anantarika</i> with no interval,succeeding,immediately following,next Vin.II,165,212 (ān°); IV,234. (Page 48),8,1
  1519. 45889,en,15,antarika,antarikā,Antarikā,Antarikā,(f.) [abstr. fr. antarika] “what lies in between or near”,i. e. -- 1. the inside of Vin.IV,272 (bhājan°). ‹-› 2. the neighbourhood,region of (-°),sphere,compass Vin.III,39 (ur°,aṅgul°); J.I,265 (yakkhassa sīm° inside the yś sphere of influence). -- 3. interval,interstice Vin.II,116 (sutt° in lace); A.I,124 (vijj° the interval of lightning). (Page 48),8,1
  1520. 45939,en,15,antavant,antavant,Antavant,Antavant,(ādj.) [anta<sup>1</sup> + °vant] having an end,finite D.I,22,31,187; Ps.I,151 sq.; 157; Dhs.1099,1117,1175; Miln.145. <i>--anantavant</i> endless,infinite A.V,193 (loka). See also loka. (Page 48),8,1
  1521. 45965,en,15,ante°,ante°,Ante°,Ante°,(pref.) [Sk. antaḥ,with change of --aḥ to --e,instead of the usual --o,prob. through interpreting it as Loc. of anta] near,inside,within; only in foll. cpds.:<i>°pura</i> (nt.) “inner town”,the king’s palace,esp. its inner apartments,i. e. harem [Sk. antaḥpura,cp. also P. antopura] Vin.I,75,269; A.V,81; J.II,125; IV,472; Miln.1; PvA.23,81,280; <i>°purikā</i> harem woman DhsA.403; <i>°vāsika</i> one who lives in,i. e. lodges or lives with his master or teacher,a pupil Vin.I,60; III,25; S.I,180; IV,136; J.I,166; II,278; III,83,463; PvA.12; VvA.138; <i>°vāsin</i> = °vāsika Vin.III,66; D.I,1,45,74,78,88,108,157; M.III,116; DA.I,36. (Page 48),5,1
  1522. 46043,en,15,anti,anti,Anti,Anti,(indecl.) [Vedic anti = Lat ante,Gr. a]nti/,Goth. and; Ags. and-,Ger. ant-,ent-] adv. &#38; prep. c. Gen.:opposite,near J.V,399 (tav’antiṃ āgatā,read as tav’anti-m-āgatā; C. santikaṃ),400,404; VI,565 (sāmikass’anti = antike C.). -- Cp. <i>antika</i>. (Page 48),4,1
  1523. 46051,en,15,antika,antika,Antika,Antika,(adj.-n.) --1. [der fr. anti] near KhA 217; nt. neighbourhood Kh VIII,1. (odak°); J.VI,565 (antike Loc. = anti near). -- 2. [der fr. anta = Sk. antya] being at the end,final,finished,over S.I,130 (purisā etad-antikā,v. l. SS antiyā:men are (to me) at the end for that,i. e. men do not exist any more for me,for the purpose of begetting sons. (Page 48),6,1
  1524. 46068,en,15,antima,antima,Antima,Antima,(adj.) [Cp. superl. of anta] last,final (used almost exclusively with ref. to the last &#38; final reincarnation; thus in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>deha </i>&<i> sarīra</i>,the last body) D.II,15; Dh.351; It.50 (antimaṃ dehaṃ dhāreti),53 (id.); Vv 5<sup>12</sup>; Sn.478 (sarīraṃ antimaṃ dhāreti) 502; Miln.122,148; VvA.106 (sarīr’antima-dhārin); Sdhp.278.<br><br> <i>--dehadhara</i> one who wears his last body It.101 (dhāra T,°dhara v. l.); VvA.163. <i>--dhārin</i> = prec. S.I,14,53 (+ khīṇāsava); II,278; It.32,40; Sn.471. <i>--vatthu</i> “the last thing”,i. e. the extreme,final or worst (sin) Vin.I,121,135,167,320. <i>--sarīra</i> the last body; (adj.) having ones last rebirth S.I,210 (Buddho a°-sarīro); A.II,37; Sn.624; Dh.352,400; DhA.IV,166 (= koṭiyaṃ ṭhito attabhāvo). (Page 48),6,1
  1525. 46145,en,15,anto,anto,Anto,Anto,(indecl.) [Sk. antaḥ; Av antar∂ Lat. inter,Oir. etar between,Ohg. untar; Idg. *entar,compar. of *en (in) = inner,inside] prep. inside,either c. Acc. denoting direction = into,or c. Loc. denoting place where = in. As prefix (°-) in,within,inside,inner (see cpds.) (1.) prep. c. Acc. anto nivesanaṃ gata gone into the house J.I,158; anto jālaṃ pavisati go into the net DhA.III,175; anto gāmaṃ pavisati to go into the village DhA.II,273; anto nagaraṃ pavisati DhA.II,89; PvA.47. -- (2) c. Loc. anto gabbhe J.II,182; gāme DhA.II,52; gehe DhA.II,84; nadiyaṃ J.VI,278; nivesane J.II,323; vasse in the rainy season J.IV,242; vimānasmiṃ Pv.I,10<sup>1</sup>; sattāhe inside of a week PvA.55. <i>--koṭisanthāra</i> “house of the Golden Pavement” J.IV,113. <i>--gadha</i> (°gata? Kern Toev.) in phrase °hetu,by inner reason or by reason of its intensity PvA.10; VvA.12. <i>--jana</i> “the inside people”,i. e. people belonging to the house,the family (= Lat. familia) D.III,61 (opp. to servants); A.I,152; J.VI,301; DA.I,300. <i>--jāla</i> the inside of the net,the net DhA.IV,41. <i>--jālikata</i> “in-netted”,gone into the net D.I,45; DA.I,127. <i>--nijjhāna</i> inner conflagration PvA.18. <i>--nimugga</i> altogether immersed D.I,75; A.III,26. <i>--parisoka</i> inner grief Ps.I,38. <i>--pura</i> = antepura J.I,262. <i>--mano</i> “turning ones mind inside”,thoughtful,melancholy Vin.III,19. <i>--bhavika</i> being inside Miln.95. <i>--rukkhatā</i> being among trees J.I,7. <i>--vasati</i> to inhabit,live within S.IV,136. <i>--vaḷañjanaka</i> (parijana) indoorpeople J.V,118. <i>--vassa</i> the rainy season (lit. the interval of the r. s.) VvA.66. <i>--vihāra</i> the inside of the V. DhA.I,50 (°âbhimukhī turning towards etc.),<i>--samorodha</i> barricading within Dhs.1157 (so read for anta°,cp. Dhs. trsl. 311). <i>--soka</i> inner grief Ps.I,38. (Page 48),4,1
  1526. 46730,en,15,anu,aṇu,Aṇu,Aṇu,(adj.) [Sk. aṇu; as to etym. see Walde Lat. Wtb. under ulna. See also āṇi] small,minute,atomic,subtle (opp. <i>thūla</i>,q. v.) D.I,223; S.I,136; V,96 (°bīja); Sn.299 (anuto aṇuṃ gradually); J.III,12 (= appamattaka); IV,203; Dhs.230,617 (= kisa); ThA.173; Miln.361. Note aṇu is freq. spelt anu,thus usually in cpd. °matta.<br><br> <i>--thūla</i> (aṇuṃthūla) fine and coarse,small &#38; large Dh.31 (= mahantañ ca khuddakañ ca DhA.I,282),409 = Sn.633; J.IV,192; DhA.IV,184. <i>--matta</i> of small size,atomic,least Sn.431; Vbh.244,247 (cp. M.III,134; A.II,22); Dpvs.IV,20. The spelling is <i>anumatta</i> at D.I,63 = It.118; Dh.284; DA.I,181; Sdhp.347. <i>--sahagata</i> accompanied by a minimum of,i. e. residuum Kvu 81,cp. Kvu trsl. 66 n. 3. (Page 17),3,1
  1527. 46740,en,15,anu,anu,Anu,Anu,(g)gaṇhāti [anu + gaṇhāti] to have pity on,to feel sorry for,to help,give protection D.I,53 (vācaṃ; cp. DA.I,160:sārato agaṇhaṇto); J.II,74; Nd<sup>2</sup> 50 (ppr. med. <i>°gayhamāna</i> = anukampamāna); Pug.36; PvA.181 (imper. <i>anuggaṇha</i> = anukampassu). pp. <i>anuggahīta</i> (q. v.). (Page 35),3,1
  1528. 46741,en,15,anu,anu,Anu,Anu,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) subtile; freq. spelling for <i>aṇu</i>,e. g. D.I,223 Sdhp.271,346 (anuṃ thūlaṃ). See <i>aṇu</i>. (Page 34),3,1
  1529. 46742,en,15,anu,anu,Anu,Anu,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [Vedic anu,Av. anu; Gr. a]/nw to a]/na along,up; Av. ana,Goth. ana,Ohg. ana,Ags. on,Ger. an,Lat. an (in anhelare etc.)] prep. &#38; pref. -- A. As prep. anu is only found occasionally,and here its old (vedic) function with Acc. is superseded by the Loc. ‹-› Traces of use w. Acc. may be seen in expressions of time like anu pañcāhaṃ by 5 days,i. e. after (every) 5 days (cp. ved. anu dyūn day by day); a. vassaṃ for one year or yearly; a. saṃvaccharaṃ id. -- (b) More freq. w. Loc. (= alongside,with,by) a. tīre by the bank S.IV,177; pathe by the way J v.302; pariveṇiyaṃ in every cell Vin.I,80; magge along the road J v.201; vāte with the wind J.II,382.<br><br> B. As pref.:(a) General character. anu is freq. as modifying (directional) element with well-defined meaning (“along”),as such also as 1<sup>st</sup> component of pref.-cpds.,e. g. anu + ā (anvā°),anu + pra (anuppa°),+ pari,+ vi,+ saṃ. -- As base,i. e. 2<sup>nd</sup> part of a pref.-cpd. it is rare and only found in comb<sup>n</sup> sam-anu°. The prefix saṃ is its nearest relation as modifying pref. The opp. of anu is paṭi and both are often found in one cpd. (cp. °loma,°vāta). (b) Meanings. I. With verbs of motion:“along towards”. -- (a) the motion viewed from the front backward = after,behind; esp. with verbs denoting to go,follow etc. E. g. °aya going after,connexion; °āgacch° follow,°kkamati follow,°dhāvati run after,°patta received,°parivattati move about after,°bandhati run after,°bala rear-guard,°bhāsati speak after,repeat,°vāda speaking after,blame,°vicarati roam about °viloketi look round after (survey),°saṃcarati proceed around etc. -- (b) the motion viewed from the back forward = for,towards an aim,on to,over to,forward. Esp. in double pref.-cpds. (esp. with °ppa°),e. g. anu-ādisati design for,dedicate °kaṅkhin longing for,°cintana care for,°tiṭṭhati look after,°padinna given over to,°pavecchati hand over,°paviṭṭha entered into,°pasaṅkamati go up to,°rodati cry for,°socati mourn for. -- II. Witb verbs denoting a state or condition:(a) literal:along,at,to,combined with. Often resembling E. be- or Ger. be-,also Lat. ad- and con-. Thus often transitiving or simply emphatic. E. g. °kampā com-passion,°kiṇṇa be-set,°gaṇhāti take pity on,°gāyati be-singen,°jagghati laugh at,belaugh,°ddaya pity with,°masati touch at,°yuñjati order along,°yoga devotion to,°rakkhati be-guard,°litta be-smeared or an-ointed,°vitakheti reflect over,°sara con-sequential; etc. -- (b) applied:according to,in conformity with. E. g. °kūla being to will,°chavika befitting,°ñāta permitted,al-lowed,°mati con- sent,a-greement,°madati ap-preciate,°rūpa = con-form,°vattin acting according to,°ssavana by hearsay,°sāsati ad-vise,com-mand etc. -- III,(a) (fig.) following after = second to,secondary,supplementary,inferior,minor,after,smaller; e. g. °dhamma lesser morality,°pabbajā discipleship,°pavattaka ruling after,°bhāga after-share,°majjha mediocre,°yāgin assisting in sacrifice,°vyañjana smaller marks,etc.; cp. paṭi in same sense. -- (b) distributive (cp. A. a.) each,every,one by one,(one after one):°disā in each direction,°pañcāhaṃ every 5 days,°pubba one after the other. -- IV. As one of the contrasting (-comparative) prefixes (see remarks on ati &#38; cp. ā<sup>3</sup>) anu often occurs in reduplicative cpds. after the style of khuddânukhuddaka “small and still smaller”,i. e. all sorts of small items or whatever is small or insignificant. More freq. comb<sup>ns.</sup> are the foll.:(q. v. under each heading) padânupadaṃ,pubbânupubbaka,poṅkhânupoṅkhaṃ,buddhânubuddha,vādânuvāda,seṭṭhânuseṭṭhi. -- V. As regards dialectical differences in meanings of prefixes,anu is freq. found in Pāli where the Sk. variant presents apa (for ava),abhi or ava. For P. anu = Sk. (Ved.) <i>apa</i> see anuddhasta; = Sk. <i>abhi</i> see anu-gijjhati,°brūheti,°sandahati; = Sk. <i>ava</i> see anu-kantati,°kassati<sup>2</sup>,°kiṇṇa,°gāhati,°bujjhati °bodha,°lokin,°vajja.<br><br> Note (a) anu in comp<sup>n.</sup> is always contracted to <i>°ânu°</i>,never elided like adhi = °dhi or abhi = °bhi. The rigid character of this rule accounts for forms isolated out of this sort of epds. (like mahânubhāva),like ānupubbikathā (fr. *pubbānupubba°),ānubhāva etc. We find ānu also in comb<sup>n.</sup> with an- under the influence of metre. -- (b) the assimilation (contracted) form of anu before vowels is <i>anv°</i>. (Page 33),3,1
  1530. 46771,en,15,anubaddha,anubaddha,Anubaddha,Anubaddha,[pp. of anubandhati] following,standing behind (piṭṭhito) D.I,1,226. (Page 39),9,1
  1531. 46777,en,15,anubajjhati,anubajjhati,Anubajjhati,Anubajjhati,at PvA.56 is faulty reading for anubandhati (q. v.). (Page 39),11,1
  1532. 46784,en,15,anubala,anubala,Anubala,Anubala,(nt.) [anu + bala] rear-guard,retinue,suite,in <i>°ṃ bhavati</i> to accompany or follow somebody Miln.125. (Page 40),7,1
  1533. 46801,en,15,anubandha,anubandha,Anubandha,Anubandha,[anu + <em>bandh</em>] bondage M.III,170; It.91. (Page 39),9,1
  1534. 46816,en,15,anubandhana,anubandhana,Anubandhana,Anubandhana,(nt.) [fr. anubandhati] that which connects or follows,connection,consequence J.VI,526 (°dukkha). (Page 40),11,1
  1535. 46840,en,15,anubandhati,anubandhati,Anubandhati,Anubandhati,[anu + bandhati] to follow,run after,pursue J.I,195; II,230; VI,452 (= anujavati); PvA.56 (substitute for anubajjhanti!),103,155. aor. <i>°bandhi</i> J.II,154,353; III,504; PvA.260 (= anvāgacchi). ger. <i>°bandhitvā</i> J.I,254. grd. <i>°bandhitabba</i> M.I,106. -- pp. <i>anubaddha</i> (q. v.). (Page 39),11,1
  1536. 46854,en,15,anubbajati,anubbajati,Anubbajati,Anubbajati,[anu + <em>vraj</em>] to go along,wander,follow,tread (a path) J.IV,399 (maggaṃ = pabbajati C.). (Page 40),10,1
  1537. 46857,en,15,anubbata,anubbata,Anubbata,Anubbata,(adj.) [Vedic anuvrata,anu + vata] subject to the will of another,obedient,faithful,devoted J.III,521; VI,557. (Page 40),8,1
  1538. 46867,en,15,anubbillavitatta,anubbillāvitatta,Anubbillāvitatta,Anubbillāvitatta,see <i>ubbill°</i>. (Page 40),16,1
  1539. 46872,en,15,anubhaga,anubhāga,Anubhāga,Anubhāga,[anu + bhāga] a secondary or inferior part,(after-)share,what is left over Vin.II,167. (Page 40),8,1
  1540. 46880,en,15,anubhanana,anubhaṇanā,Anubhaṇanā,Anubhaṇanā,(f.) [anu + bhaṇana] talking to,admonition,scolding Vin.II,88 (anuvadanā +). (Page 40),10,1
  1541. 46885,en,15,anubhasati,anubhāsati,Anubhāsati,Anubhāsati,[anu + bhāsati] to speak after,to repeat D.I,104; Miln.345; DA.I,273. (Page 40),10,1
  1542. 46892,en,15,anubhava,anubhāva,Anubhāva,Anubhāva,[fr. anubhavati] orig. meaning “experience,concomitance” and found only in cpds. as --°,in meaning “experiencing the sensation of or belonging to,experience of,accordance with”,e.g. maha° sensation of greatness,rājâ° s. belonging to a king,what is in accordance with kingship,i. e. majesty. Through preponderance of expressions of distinction there arises the meaning of anubhāva as “power,majesty,greatness,splendour etc.” &#38; as such it was separated from the 1<sup>st</sup> component and taken as <i>ānubhāva</i> with ā instead of a,since the compositional character had obliterated the character of the a. As such (ānubhāva abs.) found only in later language. -- (1) <i>anubhāva</i> (-°):<i>mahānubhāva</i> (of) great majesty,eminence,power S.I,146 sq.; II,274; IV,323; Sn.p. 93; Pv.II,1<sup>12</sup>; PvA.76. <i>deva°</i> of divine power or majesty D.II,12; <i>devatā°</i> id. J.I,168; <i>dibba°</i> id. PvA.71,110. <i>rājā°</i> kingly splendour,pomp D.I,49; J IV 247; PvA.279 etc. <i>--anubhāvena</i> (Instr. --°) in accordance with,by means of J.II,200 (aṅgavijjā°); PvA.53 (iddh°),77 (kamma°),148 (id.),162 (rāja°),184 (dāna°),186 (puñña°). <i>yathânubhāvaṃ</i> (adv.) in accordance with (me),as much as (1 can); after ability,according to power S.I,31; Vv 1<sup>5</sup> (= yathābalaṃ VvA.25). -- (2) <i>ānubhāva</i> majesty power,magnificence,glory,splendour J.V,10,456; Pv.II,8<sup>11</sup>; VvA.14; PvA.43,122,272. See also ānu°. (Page 40),8,1
  1543. 46900,en,15,anubhava,ānubhāva,Ānubhāva,Ānubhāva,[the dissociated composition form of anubhāva,q. v. for details. Only in later language] greatness,magnificence,majesty,splendour J.I,69 (mahanto); II,102 (of a jewel) V.491; DhA.II,58. (Page 101),8,1
  1544. 46932,en,15,anubhavana,anubhavana,Anubhavana,Anubhavana,(nt.) [fr. anubhavati] experiencing,suffering; sensation or physical sensibility (cf. Cpd. 229,232<sup>1</sup>) Nett 28 (iṭṭhâniṭṭh-ânubhavana-lakkhanā vedanā “feeling is characterised by the experiencing of what is pleasant and unpleasant”); Miln.60 (vedayita-lakkhaṇā vedanā anubhavana-lakkhaṇā ca); PvA.152 (kamma-vipāka°). Esp. in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>dukkha°</i> suffering painful sensations,e.g. at J.IV,3; Miln.181; DhA.IV,75; PvA.52. (Page 40),10,1
  1545. 46976,en,15,anubhavata,anubhāvatā,Anubhāvatā,Anubhāvatā,(f.) [= anubhāva + tā] majesty,power S.I,156 (mahâ°). (Page 40),10,1
  1546. 46984,en,15,anubhavati,anubhavati,Anubhavati,Anubhavati, &#38; Anubhoti [anu + bhavati] to come to or by,to undergo,suffer (feel),get,undertake,partake in,experience D.I,129; II,12 (°bhonti); M.II,204; A.I,61 (atthaṃ °bhoti to have a good result); J.VI,97 (°bhoma); Pv.I,10<sup>11</sup> (°bhomi vipākaṃ); PvA.52 (°issati = vedissati); Sdhf 290. Esp. freq. with <i>dukkhaṃ</i> to suffer pain,e.g. PvA.I,11<sup>10</sup> (°bhonti); PvA.43,68,79 etc. (cp. anubhavana). -- ppr. med. <i>°bhavamāna</i> J.I,50; aor. <i>°bhavi</i> PvA.75 (sampattiṃ); ger. <i>°bhavitvā</i> J.IV,1; PvA.4 (sam‹-› pattiṃ),67 (dukkhaṃ),73 (sampattiṃ); grd. <i>°bhaviyāna</i> (in order to receive) Pv.II,8<sup>5</sup> (= anubhavitvā PvA.109). ‹-› Pass. <i>anubhūyati </i>&<i> °bhavīyati</i> to be undergone or being experienced; ppr. <i>°bhūyamāna</i> PvA.8,159 (mayā a. = anubhūta),214 (attanā by him) &#38; <i>°bhavīyamāna</i> PvA.33 (dukkhaṃ). -- pp. <i>anubhūta</i> (q.v.). (Page 40),10,1
  1547. 47013,en,15,anubhayati,anubhāyati,Anubhāyati,Anubhāyati,[anu + bhāyati] to be afraid of J.VI,302 (kissa nv’ânubhāyissaṃ,so read for kissânu°). (Page 40),10,1
  1548. 47039,en,15,anubhuta,anubhūta,Anubhūta,Anubhūta,[pp. of anubhavati] (having or being) experienced,suffered,enjoyed PvA.II,12<sup>18</sup>. nt. suffering,experience J.I,254; Miln.78,80. (Page 40),8,1
  1549. 47063,en,15,anubhuyamanatta,anubhūyamānatta,Anubhūyamānatta,Anubhūyamānatta,(nt.) [abstr. fr. ppr. Pass. of anubhavati] the fact of having to undergo,experiencing PvA.103. (Page 40),15,1
  1550. 47085,en,15,anubodha,anubodha,Anubodha,Anubodha,[anu + <i>budh</i>] awakening; perception,recognition,understanding S.I,126 (?) = A.V,46 (anubodhiṃ as aor. of anubodhati?); Pug.21; Miln.233. Freq. in comp<sup>n.</sup> <i>ananubodha</i> (adj.) not understanding,not knowing the truth S.II,92; III,261; V,431; A.II,1; IV,105; Dhs.390,1061; VvA.321 (= anavabodha) and <i>duranubodha</i> (adj.) hard to understand,difficult to know D.I,12,22; S.I,136. (Page 40),8,1
  1551. 47089,en,15,anubodhana,anubodhana,Anubodhana,Anubodhana,(nt.) [fr. anubodhati] awakening,understanding,recognition Ps.I,18 (bodhana +). (Page 40),10,1
  1552. 47101,en,15,anubodhati,anubodhati,Anubodhati,Anubodhati,[anu + <em>budh</em>] to wake up,to realise,perceive,understand; aor. anubodhiṃ A.V,46 (?) = S.I,126 (anubodhaṃ). -- Caus. <i>°bodheti</i> to awaken,fig. to make see to instruct J.VI,139 (°ayamāna) -- pp. <i>anubuddha</i> (q. v.). (Page 40),10,1
  1553. 47129,en,15,anubruheti,anubrūheti,Anubrūheti,Anubrūheti,[brūheti] to do very much or often,to practice,frequent,to be fond of (c. Acc.),foster S.I,178 (anubrūhaye); M.III,187 (id.,so read for manu°),Th.2,163 (°ehi); Cp. III,1<sup>2</sup> (saṃvegaṃ anubrūhayiṃ aor.); J.III,191 (suññāgāraṃ). Often in phrase <i>vivekaṃ anubrūheti</i> to devote oneself to detachment or solitude,e.g. J.I,9 (inf. °brūhetuṃ); III,31 (°brūhessāmi),Dh.75 (°brūhaye = °brūheyya vaḍḍheyya DhA.II,103). -- pp. <i>anubrūhita</i> (q.v.) Cp. also <i>brūhana</i>. (Page 40),10,1
  1554. 47138,en,15,anubruhita,anubrūhita,Anubrūhita,Anubrūhita,[pp. of anubrūheti] strengthened with (-°),full of Ps.I,167. (Page 40),10,1
  1555. 47148,en,15,anubuddha,anubuddha,Anubuddha,Anubuddha,[pp. of anu + bodhati] 1. awakened (act. &#38; pass.),recognised,conceived,seen,known D.II,123 (°ā ime dhammā); S.I,137 (dhammo vimalen’ânubuddho) II.203; IV,188; A.II,1; III,14; IV,105; SnA 431. In phrase <i>buddhânubuddha</i> (as to nature of cpd. see anu B IV.) either “fully awakened (enlightened)” or “wakened by the wake” (Mrs. Rh. D.) Th.1,679 = 1246. -- 2. a lesser Buddha,inferior than the Buddha DA.I,40. Cp. <i>buddhânubuddha</i>. (Page 40),9,1
  1556. 47161,en,15,anubujjhana,anubujjhana,Anubujjhana,Anubujjhana,(nt.) [fr. anubujjhati] awakening,recognition Ps.I,18 (bujjhana +). (Page 40),11,1
  1557. 47172,en,15,anubujjhati,anubujjhati,Anubujjhati,Anubujjhati,[anu + bujjhati,Med. of <em>budh</em>,cp. Sk. avabudhyate] to remember,recollect J.III,387 (with <i>avabujjhati</i> in prec. verse). (Page 40),11,1
  1558. 47189,en,15,anubyanjana,anubyañjana,Anubyañjana,Anubyañjana,see <i>anuvyañjana</i>. (Page 40),11,1
  1559. 47225,en,15,anucankamana,anucaṅkamana,Anucaṅkamana,Anucaṅkamana,(nt.) [fr. anucaṅkamati] sidewalk J.I,7. (Page 35),12,1
  1560. 47238,en,15,anucankamati,anucaṅkamati,Anucaṅkamati,Anucaṅkamati,[anu + caṅkamati] to follow (along) after,to go after D.I,235; M.I,227; Th.1,481,1044; Caus. °āpeti M.I,253,cp. Lal. Vist. 147,3; M Vastu I.350. (Page 35),12,1
  1561. 47268,en,15,anucarati,anucarati,Anucarati,Anucarati,[anu + cariti] to move along,to follow; to practice; pp. <i>anuciṇṇa </i>&<i> anucarita</i> (q. v.) (Page 35),9,1
  1562. 47283,en,15,anucarita,anucarita,Anucarita,Anucarita,(-°) [pp. of anucarati] connected with,accompanied by,pervaded with D.I,16,21 (vīmaṃsa° = anuvicarita DA.I,106); M.I,68 (id.); Miln.226. (Page 35),9,1
  1563. 47299,en,15,anuccangin,anuccaṅgin,Anuccaṅgin,Anuccaṅgin,see <i>anujjaṅgin</i>. (Page 35),10,1
  1564. 47324,en,15,anucchavika,anucchavika,Anucchavika,Anucchavika,( &#38; °ya) (adj.) [anu + chavi + ka] “according to one’s skin”,befitting,suitable,proper,pleasing,fit for,J.I,58,62,126,218; II,5; IV,137,138; Miln.358; DhA.I,203,390; II,55,56; VvA.68,78; PvA.13,26 (= kappiya),66,81,286. <i>anucchaviya</i> at Vin.II,7 (an°); III,120 (id. + ananulomika); Miln.13. (Page 35),11,1
  1565. 47343,en,15,anucchittha,anucchiṭṭha,Anucchiṭṭha,Anucchiṭṭha,(adj.) [see ucchiṭṭha] (food) that is not thrown away or left over; untouched,clean (food) J.III,257; DhA.II,3 (vv. ll. anucciṭṭha). (Page 35),11,1
  1566. 47381,en,15,anucinna,anuciṇṇa,Anuciṇṇa,Anuciṇṇa,(pp.) [pp. of anucarati] 1. pursuing,following out,practising,doing; having attained or practised Vin.II,203 = It.86 (pamādaṃ); J I 20 (v.126); Th.1,236; 2,206; Dpvs.IV,9. -- 2. adorned with,accompanied by,connected with J.IV,286. (Page 35),8,1
  1567. 47388,en,15,anucintana,anucintana,Anucintana,Anucintana,(nt.) [fr. anucinteti] thinking,upon,intention,care for PvA.164. (Page 35),10,1
  1568. 47401,en,15,anucinteti,anucinteti,Anucinteti,Anucinteti,[anu + cinteti] to think upon,to meditate,consider S.I,203 (v. l. for anuvicinteti). (Page 35),10,1
  1569. 47416,en,15,anudadati,anudadāti,Anudadāti,Anudadāti,[anu + dadāti] to concede,grant,admit,fut. <i>anudassati</i> Miln.276,375. (Page 36),9,1
  1570. 47425,en,15,anudahana,anuḍahana,Anuḍahana,Anuḍahana,(nt.) [fr. anuḍahati] conflagration,burning up,consumption J v.271; ThA.287 (d). (Page 36),9,1
  1571. 47444,en,15,anudahati,anuḍahati,Anuḍahati,Anuḍahati,[anu + ḍahati] to burn over again,burn thoroughly,fig. to destroy,consume J.II,330; VI,423. Pass. <i>°ḍayhati</i> J v.426. -- Also spelt <i>°dahati</i>,e. g. at S.IV,190 = v.53; Th.2,488. (Page 36),9,1
  1572. 47451,en,15,anudahati,anudahati,Anudahati,Anudahati,see <i>anuḍahati</i>. (Page 36),9,1
  1573. 47471,en,15,anudasati,anuḍasati,Anuḍasati,Anuḍasati,[anu + ḍasati] to bite J.VI,192. (Page 36),9,1
  1574. 47478,en,15,anudassita,anudassita,Anudassita,Anudassita,[pp. of anudasseti] manifested Miln.119. (Page 36),10,1
  1575. 47493,en,15,anudayati,anudayati,Anudayati,Anudayati,(to sympathise with) see under <i>anuddā</i>. (Page 36),9,1
  1576. 47500,en,15,anudda,anuddā,Anuddā,Anuddā,(f.) [contracted form of anuddayā] = <i>anuddayā</i> Dhs.1056,where also the other abstr. formations <i>anuddāyanā </i>&<i> anuddāyitattaṃ</i> “care,forbearance &#38; consideration”; DhsA.362 (anudayatī ti anuḍdā). (Page 36),6,1
  1577. 47514,en,15,anuddaya,anuddayā,Anuddayā,Anuddayā,( &#38; anudayā) (f.) [anu + dayā] compassion,pity,mercy,care Vin.II,196; S.I,204; II,199; IV,323; A.II,176; III,189; Pug.35 (anukampā); J.I,147,186,214; PvA.70,88,181 (= anukampā). In comp<sup>n</sup> <i>anudaya°</i> e. g. <i>°sampanna</i> full of mercy J.I,151,262; PvA.66. (Page 36),8,1
  1578. 47529,en,15,anuddayata,anuddayatā,Anuddayatā,Anuddayatā,(f.) [abstr. to anuddayā] sympathy with (-°) compassion,kindness,favour,usually as <i>par°</i> kindness to or sympathy with other people S.II,218; v.169 (T. anudayatā); A.III,184; It.72; Vbh.356. (Page 36),10,1
  1579. 47564,en,15,anuddhamseti,anuddhaṃseti,Anuddhaṃseti,Anuddhaṃseti,[anu + dhaṃseti] to spoil,corrupt,degrade Vin.IV,148 (expl<sup>n.</sup> here in slightly diff. meaning = codeti vā codāpeti vā to reprove,scold,bring down); It.42. Usually in ster. phrase <i>rāgo cittaṃ a</i>. lust degrades the heart Vin.III,111; M.I,26; S.I,186; A.I,266; II,126; III,393 sq. -- pp. <i>anuddhasta</i> (q. v.). (Page 36),12,1
  1580. 47580,en,15,anuddharin,anuddharin,Anuddharin,Anuddharin,(adj.) [an + uddharin] not proud Sn.952 (= anussukin SnA 569) see <i>niṭṭhurin</i>. (Page 36),10,1
  1581. 47586,en,15,anuddhasta,anuddhasta,Anuddhasta,Anuddhasta,(adj.) [anu + dhasta,pp. of <i>anuddhaṃseti</i>,cp. Sk. apadhvasta] spoilt,corrupt,degraded M.I,462 (citta); A.II,126 (id.). (Page 37),10,1
  1582. 47601,en,15,anuddhata,anuddhata,Anuddhata,Anuddhata,(adj.) [an + uddhata] not puffed up,not proud,unconceited calm,subdued Sn.850 (= uddhacca-virahita SnA 549,cp. anuṇṇata); It.30; Dh.363 (= nibbutacitta DhA.IV,93); Vv 64<sup>8</sup>; Pug.59. (Page 36),9,1
  1583. 47628,en,15,anudeva,anudeva,Anudeva,Anudeva,see <i>anvadeva</i>. (Page 36),7,1
  1584. 47639,en,15,anudhamma,anudhamma,Anudhamma,Anudhamma,[anu + dhamma] 1. in comp<sup>n.</sup> with dhamma as <i>dhammânudhamma</i> to be judged as a redupl. cpd. after the manner of cpds. mentioned under anu IV. &#38; meaning “the Law in all its parts,the dhamma and what belongs to it,the Law in its fullness”. For instances see dhamma C. IV. Freq. in phrase dh°-ânudh°-<i>paṭipanna</i> “one who masters the completeness of the Dh.”,e. g. S.II,18; III,163; It.81; Ps.II,189. -- 2. conformity or accordance with the Law,lawfulness,relation,essence,consistency,truth; in phrase <i>dhammassa</i> (c°) <i>anudhammaṃ vyākaroti</i> to explain the truth of the Dh. Vin.I,234; D.I,161; M.I,368,482; S.II,33; III,6; IV,51; V,7. See further M.III,30; Sn.963 (cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 481 for exegesis). Also in cpd. <i>°cārin</i> living according to the Dhamma,living in truth S.II,81,108; A.II,8; Dh.20 (cp. DhA.I,158); Vv 31<sup>7</sup>; Sn.69 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 51). (Page 37),9,1
  1585. 47667,en,15,anudhammata,anudhammatā,Anudhammatā,Anudhammatā,(f.) [abstr. to anudhamma) lawfulness,conformity to the Dhamma A.II,46; Ps.I,35,36. (Page 37),11,1
  1586. 47673,en,15,anudhareti,anudhāreti,Anudhāreti,Anudhāreti,[anu + dhāreti] to hold up DA.I,61 (chattaṃ),cp. J 1.53,dhariyamāna. (Page 37),10,1
  1587. 47689,en,15,anudhavati,anudhāvati,Anudhāvati,Anudhāvati,[anu + dhāvati] to run after,to chase,follow,persecute,pursue M.I,474; S.I,9; Dh.85; Th.1,1174; Miln.253,372. (Page 37),10,1
  1588. 47699,en,15,anudhavin,anudhāvin,Anudhāvin,Anudhāvin,(adj.-n.) [fr. anudhāvati] one who runs after S.I,9,117. (Page 37),9,1
  1589. 47702,en,15,anudipeti,anudīpeti,Anudīpeti,Anudīpeti,[anu + dīpeti] to explain Miln.227 (dhammâdhammaṃ). (Page 36),9,1
  1590. 47710,en,15,anudisa,anudisā,Anudisā,Anudisā,(f.) [anu + disā] an intermediate point of ihe compass,often collectively for the usual 4 intermediate points D.I,222; S.I,122; III,124. (Page 36),7,1
  1591. 47717,en,15,anudisati,anudisati,Anudisati,Anudisati,[anu + disati] to point out,direct,bid,address PvA.99 (aor. anudesi + anvesi). -- pp. <i>anudiṭṭha</i> (q. v.). (Page 36),9,1
  1592. 47719,en,15,anudittha,anudiṭṭha,Anudiṭṭha,Anudiṭṭha,[pp. of anudisati] pointed out,appointed,dedicated,nt. consecration,dedication J v.393 (anudiṭṭha = asukassa nāma dassatī ti C.); Pv.I,10<sup>7</sup> (= uddiṭṭha PvA.50). (Page 36),9,1
  1593. 47724,en,15,anuditthi,anudiṭṭhi,Anudiṭṭhi,Anudiṭṭhi,(f.) [anu + diṭṭhi] an “after-view”,sceptical view,speculation,heresy D.I,12; M.II,228; S.III,45 sq.; Th.1,754; Miln.325; DA.I,103. <i>attânudiṭṭhi</i> (q. v.) a soul-speculation. (Page 36),9,1
  1594. 47734,en,15,anuduta,anudūta,Anudūta,Anudūta,[anu + dūta] a person sent with another,a travelling companion Vin.II,19,295; DhA.II,76,78. (Page 36),7,1
  1595. 47750,en,15,anuga,anuga,Anuga,Anuga,(-°) (adj.-suff.) [fr. anu + <em>gam</em>] following or followed by,going after,undergoing,being in or under,standing under the influence of Sn.332 (<i>vasa°</i> in the power of),791 (<i>ejā°</i> = abhibhūta Sn.527),1095 (Māra‹-› <i>vasa°</i> = abhibhuyya viharanti Nd<sup>2</sup> 507); It.91 (<i>ejā°</i>); J.III,224 (<i>vasa°</i> = vasavattin C.); Mhvs 7,3. (Page 34),5,1
  1596. 47770,en,15,anugacchati,anugacchati,Anugacchati,Anugacchati,[anu + gacchati] to go after,to follow,to go or fall into (w. Acc.) KhA 223; PvA.141 (°gacchanto); aor. <i>°gamāsi</i> Vin.I,16, &#38; <i>anvagā</i> Mhvs 7,10; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl. <i>anvagū</i> Sn.586 (vasaṃ = vasaṃ gata SnA 461). Pass. <i>anugammati</i>,ppr. anugammamāna accompanied or followed by,surrounded,adorned with J.I,53; v.370. ‹-› pp. <i>anugata</i> (q. v.). (Page 34),11,1
  1597. 47782,en,15,anugahati,anugāhati,Anugāhati,Anugāhati,[anu + gāhati] to plunge into,to enter (Acc.) Sdhp.611. (Page 35),9,1
  1598. 47794,en,15,anugama,anugama,Anugama,Anugama,[fr. anu + <em>gam</em>] following after,only as adj. in dur° difficult to be followed J.IV,65. (Page 35),7,1
  1599. 47819,en,15,anugamika,anugāmika,Anugāmika,Anugāmika,(adj.) going along with,following,accompanying; resulting from,consequential on Kh VIII,8 (<i>nidhi</i>,a treasure Acc. a man to the next world); J.IV,280 (<i>°nidhi</i>); Miln.159 (parisā); PvA.132,253 (dānaṃ nāma °aṃ nidānan ti). (Page 35),9,1
  1600. 47831,en,15,anugamin,anugāmin,Anugāmin,Anugāmin,(adj.) [fr. anugacchati] following,attending on; an attendant,follower SnA 453 (= anuyutta). (Page 35),8,1
  1601. 47859,en,15,anugata,anugata,Anugata,Anugata,(adj.) [pp. of anugacchati] gone after,accompanied by,come to; following; fig. fallen or gone into,affected with (-°),being a victim of,suffering M.I,16; D.III,85,173 (parisā); A.II,185 (sota°,v. l. anudhata); J.II,292 (samudda°); v.369; Nd<sup>2</sup> 32 (taṇhā°); PvA.102 (nāmaṃ mayhaṃ a. has been given to me),133 (kammaphala°). (Page 34),7,1
  1602. 47882,en,15,anugati,anugati,Anugati,Anugati,(f.) (-°) [fr. anu + <em>gam</em>] following,being in the train of,falling under,adherence to,dependence on S.I,104 (vas° being in the power). Usually in cpd. <i>diṭṭhânugati</i> a sign (lit. belonging to) of speculation Vin.II,108; S.II,203; Pug.33; DhA.IV,39. (Page 34),7,1
  1603. 47899,en,15,anugayati,anugāyati,Anugāyati,Anugāyati,[anu + gāyati] to sing after or to,recite (a magic formula or hymn) praise,celebrate D.I,104,238; Sn.1131 (anugāyissaṃ); Miln.120. (Page 35),9,1
  1604. 47912,en,15,anuggaha,anuggaha,Anuggaha,Anuggaha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [an + uggaha] not taking up Sn.912 (= na gaṇhāti Nd<sup>1</sup> 330). (Page 35),8,1
  1605. 47913,en,15,anuggaha,anuggaha,Anuggaha,Anuggaha,<sup>1</sup> [anu + <em>grah</em>] “taking up”,compassion,love for,kindness,assistance,help,favour,benefit S.II,11; III,109; IV,104; v.162; A.I,92,114; II,145; IV,167; v.70; It.12,98; J.I,151; v.150; Pug.25; PvA.145; ThA.104. (Page 35),8,1
  1606. 47928,en,15,anuggahaka,anuggāhaka,Anuggāhaka,Anuggāhaka,(adj.) [fr. anuggaha] helping,assisting S.III,5; V,162; Miln.354 (nt. = help). (Page 35),10,1
  1607. 47976,en,15,anuggahita,anuggahīta,Anuggahīta,Anuggahīta,( &#38; °ita) [pp. of anuggaṇhāti] commiserated,made happy,satisfied M.I,457; S.II,274; III,91; IV,263; A.III,172; J.III,428. (Page 35),10,1
  1608. 47987,en,15,anugganha,anuggaṇha,Anuggaṇha,Anuggaṇha,(adj.) [cp. anuggaha] compassionate,ready to help PvA.42 °sīla. (Page 35),9,1
  1609. 47998,en,15,anugganhana,anuggaṇhana,Anuggaṇhana,Anuggaṇhana,(nt.) anuggaha<sup>1</sup> DhsA.403. (Page 35),11,1
  1610. 48014,en,15,anugganhataka,anuggaṇhataka,Anuggaṇhataka,Anuggaṇhataka,(adj.) [= anugganha] compassionate,commiserating,helping PvA.69 (= anukampaka). (Page 35),13,1
  1611. 48042,en,15,anugghata,anugghāta,Anugghāta,Anugghāta,[an + ugghāta] not shaking,a steady walk J.VI,253. (Page 35),9,1
  1612. 48050,en,15,anugghateti,anugghāṭeti,Anugghāṭeti,Anugghāṭeti,[an + ugghāṭeti] not to unfasten or open (a door) Miln.371 (kavāṭaṃ). (Page 35),11,1
  1613. 48058,en,15,anugghatin,anugghātin,Anugghātin,Anugghātin,(adj.) [fr. last] not shaking,not jerking,J.VI,252; Vv 5<sup>3</sup> (read °ī for i); VvA.36. (Page 35),10,1
  1614. 48069,en,15,anughayati,anughāyati,Anughāyati,Anughāyati,[anu + ghāyati<sup>1</sup>] to smell,snuff,sniff up Miln.343 (gandhaṃ). (Page 35),10,1
  1615. 48078,en,15,anugiddha,anugiddha,Anugiddha,Anugiddha,[pp. of anugijjhati] greedy after,hankering after,desiring,coveting Sn.86 (anânu°),144,952; Th.1,580. (Page 35),9,1
  1616. 48091,en,15,anugijjhati,anugijjhati,Anugijjhati,Anugijjhati,[anu + gijjhati] to be greedy after,to covet Sn.769 (cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 12); J.III,207; IV,4 (= giddhā gathitā hutvā allīyanti C.). pp. <i>°giddhā</i> (q. v.). Cp. abhigijjhati. (Page 35),11,1
  1617. 48123,en,15,anuhasati,anuhasati,Anuhasati,Anuhasati,[anu + hasati] to laugh at,to ridicule DA.I,256. (Page 45),9,1
  1618. 48132,en,15,anuhata,anūhata,Anūhata,Anūhata,(adj.) [pp. of an + ūhaññati,ud + han] not rooted out,not removed or destroyed Th.1,223 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 97<sup>4</sup>; Dh.338 (= asamucchinna DhA.IV,48). (Page 45),7,1
  1619. 48144,en,15,anuhirati,anuhīrati,Anuhīrati,Anuhīrati,[for °hariyati,anu +<em> hṛ</em>] to be held up over,ppr. anuhīramāna D.II,15 (vv. ll. v. l. anubhiram°; glosses B. K. anudhāriyam°,cp. Trenckner,Notes 79). (Page 45),9,1
  1620. 48164,en,15,anujagghati,anujagghati,Anujagghati,Anujagghati,[anu + jagghati] to laugh at,deride,mock D.I,91; DA.I,258 (cp. sañjagghati ibid 256). (Page 35),11,1
  1621. 48187,en,15,anujanati,anujānāti,Anujānāti,Anujānāti,[anu + jānāti] 1. to give permission,grant,allow Vin.IV,225; A.II,197; Pv IV.1<sup>67</sup>; PvA.55,79,142. -- 2. to advise,prescribe Vin.I,83; II,301:Sn.982. ‹-› grd. <i>anuññeyya</i> that which is allowed A.II,197; pp. <i>anuññāta</i> (q. v.) Caus. <i>anujānāpeti</i> J.I,156. (Page 35),9,1
  1622. 48209,en,15,anujata,anujāta,Anujāta,Anujāta,(adj.) [anu + jāta] “born after” i. e. after the image of,resembling,taking after; esp. said of a son (putta),resembling his father,a worthy son It.64 (atijāta +,opp. avajāta); Th.1,827 (fig. following the example of),1279; J.VI,380; DhA.I,129; Dāvs II.66. (Page 35),7,1
  1623. 48218,en,15,anujavati,anujavati,Anujavati,Anujavati,[anu + javati] to run after,to hasten after,to follow J.VI,452 (= anubandhati). (Page 35),9,1
  1624. 48234,en,15,anujivati,anujīvati,Anujīvati,Anujīvati,[anu + jīvati] to live after,i. e. like (Acc.),to live for or on,subsist by J.IV,271 (= upajīvati,tassânubhāvena jīvitaṃ laddhaṃ (C.). -- pp. <i>anujīvata</i> (q. v.). (Page 35),9,1
  1625. 48251,en,15,anujivin,anujīvin,Anujīvin,Anujīvin,(adj.-n.) [fr. anujīvati] living upon,another,dependent; a follower,a dependant A.I,152; III,44; J.III,485; Dāvs v.43. (Page 35),8,1
  1626. 48256,en,15,anujivita,anujīvita,Anujīvita,Anujīvita,(nt.) [pp. of anujīvati] living (after),living,livelihood,subsistence,life Sn.836 (= jīvitaṃ SnA 545). (Page 35),9,1
  1627. 48265,en,15,anujjhana,anujjhāna,Anujjhāna,Anujjhāna,(nt.) [anu + jhāna] meditation,reflection,introspection Miln.352 (°bahula). (Page 35),9,1
  1628. 48272,en,15,anujju,anujju,Anujju,Anujju,(adj.) [an + ujju] not straight,crooked,bent,in cpds. <i>°aṅgin</i> (anujjaṅgin) with (evenly) bent limbs,i. e. with perfect limbs,graceful f. <i>°ī</i> Ep. of a beautiful woman J v.40 (= kañcana-sannibha-sarīrā C.); VI,500 (T. anuccaṅgī,C. aninditā agarahitaṅgī); <i>°gāmin</i> going crooked i. e. snake J.IV,330; <i>°bhūta</i> not upright (fig. of citta) J v.293. (Page 35),6,1
  1629. 48273,en,15,anujjuka,anujjuka,Anujjuka,Anujjuka,= anujju J.III,318. (Page 35),8,1
  1630. 48307,en,15,anuka,aṇuka,Aṇuka,Aṇuka,(adj.) = aṇu Sn.146,KhA 246. (Page 17),5,1
  1631. 48323,en,15,anukama,anukāma,Anukāma,Anukāma,(adj.) [anu + kāma] responding to love,loving in return J.II,157. (Page 34),7,1
  1632. 48337,en,15,anukampa,anukampā,Anukampā,Anukampā,(f.) [abstr. fr. anukampati] compassion,pity,mercy D.I,204; M.I,161; II,113; S.I,206; II,274 (loka°); IV,323; v.259 sq.; A.I,64,92; II,159; III,49; IV,139; Pug.35. -- Often in Abl. <i>anukampāya</i> out of pity,for the sake of D.III,211 (loka° out of compassion for all mankind,+ atthaya hitāya); J.III,280; PvA.47,147. (Page 34),8,1
  1633. 48353,en,15,anukampaka,anukampaka,Anukampaka,Anukampaka, &#38; °ika (adj.) [fr. anukampati] kind of heart,merciful,compassionate,full of pity (-° or c. Loc.) D.III,187; S.I,105 (loka°),197; v.157; A.IV,265 sq.; It.66 (sabba-bhūta°); Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup> (= kārunika PvA.16),5<sup>3</sup> (= atthakāma,hitesin PvA.25),8<sup>8</sup>; II,1<sup>4</sup> (= anuggaṇhataka PvA.69),2<sup>7</sup>; ThA.174; PvA.196 (satthā sattesu a.). (Page 34),10,1
  1634. 48367,en,15,anukampana,anukampana,Anukampana,Anukampana,(nt.) [fr. last] compassion,pity PvA.16,88. (Page 34),10,1
  1635. 48390,en,15,anukampati,anukampati,Anukampati,Anukampati,[anu + kampati] to have pity on,to commiserate,to pity,to sympathise with (c. Acc.) S.I,82,206; v.189. Imper. <i>anukampa</i> Pv.II,1<sup>6</sup> (= anuddayaṃ karohi PvA.70) &#38; <i>anukampassu</i> Pv III,2<sup>8</sup> (= anuggaṇha PvA.181). Med. ppr. <i>anukampamāna</i> Sn.37 (= anupekkhamāna anugayhamāna Nd<sup>2</sup> 50); PvA.35 (taṃ),62 (pitaraṃ),104. -- pp. <i>anukampita</i> (q. v.). (Page 34),10,1
  1636. 48405,en,15,anukampin,anukampin,Anukampin,Anukampin,(adj.) [cp. anukampaka] compassionate,anxious for,commiserating. Only in foll. phrases:<i>hita°</i> full of solicitude for the welfare of S v.86; Sn.693; Pv III,7<sup>6</sup>. <i>sabbapāṇa-bhūta-hita°</i> id. S.IV,314; A.II,210; III,92; IV,249; Pug.57,68. <i>sabba-bhūta°</i> S.I,25,110; A.II,9; It.102. (Page 34),9,1
  1637. 48410,en,15,anukampita,anukampita,Anukampita,Anukampita,(adj.) [pp. of anukampati] compassioned,gratified,remembered,having done a good deed (of mercy) Pv III,2<sup>30</sup>. (Page 34),10,1
  1638. 48435,en,15,anukankhin,anukaṅkhin,Anukaṅkhin,Anukaṅkhin,(adj.) [fr. anu + <em>kāṅkṣ</em>] striving after,longing for J v.499 (piya°). (Page 34),10,1
  1639. 48446,en,15,anukantati,anukantati,Anukantati,Anukantati,[anu + kantati<sup>2</sup>] to cut Dh.311 (hatthaṃ = phāleti DhA.III,484). (Page 34),10,1
  1640. 48458,en,15,anukara,anukāra,Anukāra,Anukāra,[cp. anukaroti] imitation Dpvs v.39. (Page 34),7,1
  1641. 48479,en,15,anukarin,anukārin,Anukārin,Anukārin,(adj.) imitating Dāvs v.32. (Page 34),8,1
  1642. 48495,en,15,anukaroti,anukaroti,Anukaroti,Anukaroti,[anu + <em>kṛ</em>] to imitate,“to do after” A.I,212; J.I,491; II,162; DhA.IV,197. -- ppr. <i>anukabbaṃ</i> Vin.II,201 (mamâ°). -- Med. <i>anukubbati</i> S.I,19 = J.IV,65. ‹-› See also anukubba. On <i>anvakāsi</i> see anukassati 2. (Page 34),9,1
  1643. 48504,en,15,anukassati,anukassati,Anukassati,Anukassati,[anu + kassati,<em>kṛṣ</em>] 1. [Sk. anukaṛṣati] to draw after,to repeat,recite,quote D.II,255 (silokaṃ). -- 2. [Sk. <i>ava-</i>kaṛṣati] to draw or take of,to remove,throw down,Th.1,869 (aor. <i>anvakāsi</i> = khipi,chaḍḍesi C.). (Page 34),10,1
  1644. 48516,en,15,anukhanati,anukhaṇati,Anukhaṇati,Anukhaṇati,[anu + khaṇati] to dig after or further J v.233. (Page 34),10,1
  1645. 48527,en,15,anukhuddaka,anukhuddaka,Anukhuddaka,Anukhuddaka,(adj.) [anu + khuddaka] in cpd. <i>khudda°</i> whatever there is of minor things,all less important items Vin.II,287 = D.II,154 = Miln.142; Miln.144. (Page 34),11,1
  1646. 48535,en,15,anukinna,anukiṇṇa,Anukiṇṇa,Anukiṇṇa,[pp. of anu + kirati] strewn with,beset with,dotted all over Pv IV.12<sup>1</sup> (bhamara-gaṇa°). (Page 34),8,1
  1647. 48549,en,15,anukkama,anukkama,Anukkama,Anukkama,[to anukkamati] 1. order,turn,succession,going along; only in Instr. <i>anukkamena</i> gradually,in due course or succession J.I,157,262,290; VvA.157; PvA.5,14,35 etc. -- 2. that which keeps an animal in (regular) step,i. e. a bridle M.I,446; Sn.622 (sandānaṃ saha°). (Page 34),8,1
  1648. 48574,en,15,anukkamati,anukkamati,Anukkamati,Anukkamati,[anu + <i>kram</i>] 1. to follow,go along (a path = Acc.) A v.195; It.80 (maggaṃ). -- 2. to advance (not with Morris J P T S. 1886,111 as “abandon”) S.I,24,Th.1,194. (Page 34),10,1
  1649. 48594,en,15,anukkanthana,anukkaṇṭhana,Anukkaṇṭhana,Anukkaṇṭhana,(nt.) [an + ukkaṇṭhana] having no lack anything,being contented or happy J.VI,4. (Page 34),12,1
  1650. 48601,en,15,anukkanthati,anukkaṇṭhati,Anukkaṇṭhati,Anukkaṇṭhati,[an + ukkaṇṭhati] not to be sorry or not to lack anything,in ppr. <i>°anto</i> J v.10; and pp. <i>°ita</i> without regret or in plenty PvA.13. (Page 34),12,1
  1651. 48618,en,15,anukkhepa,anukkhepa,Anukkhepa,Anukkhepa,[anu + khepa,see anukkhipati] compensation Vin.I,285. (Page 34),9,1
  1652. 48628,en,15,anukkhipati,anukkhipati,Anukkhipati,Anukkhipati,[anu + khipati] to throw out Cp. XI.6 (vaṭṭaṃ). (Page 34),11,1
  1653. 48654,en,15,anukubba,anukubba,Anukubba,Anukubba,(adj.) (-°) [= Sk. anukurvat,ppr. of anukaroti] “doing correspondingly” giving back,retaliating J.II,205 (kicca°). (Page 34),8,1
  1654. 48664,en,15,anukubbati,anukubbati,Anukubbati,Anukubbati,see <i>anukaroti</i>. (Page 34),10,1
  1655. 48668,en,15,anukula,anukula,Anukula,Anukula,freq. spelling for <i>anukūla</i>. (Page 34),7,1
  1656. 48677,en,15,anukula,anukūla,Anukūla,Anukūla,(adj.) [anu + kūla,opp. paṭikūla] favourable,agreeable,suitable,pleasant VvA.280; spelt anukula at Sdhp.297,312.<br><br> <i>--bhava</i> complaisance,willingness VvA.71. <i>--yañña</i> a propitiative sacrifice D.I,144 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at DA.I,302 as anukula° = sacrifice for the propagation of the clan). (Page 34),7,1
  1657. 48689,en,15,anukulaka,anukulaka,Anukulaka,Anukulaka,(adj.) = anukula Sdhp.242 (iccha° according to wish). (Page 34),9,1
  1658. 48721,en,15,anulapana,anulapanā,Anulapanā,Anulapanā,(f.) [anu + lapanā,<em>lap</em>] scolding,blame,accusation Vin.II,88 (spelt anullapanā; comb<sup>d.</sup> with anuvadana &#38; anubhaṇanā). (Page 42),9,1
  1659. 48731,en,15,anularatta,anuḷāratta,Anuḷāratta,Anuḷāratta,(nt.) [abstr. fr. an + uḷāra] smallness,littleness,insignificance VvA.24. (Page 42),10,1
  1660. 48737,en,15,anulepa,anulepa,Anulepa,Anulepa,[fr. anu + <em>lip</em>] anointing Miln.152. (Page 42),7,1
  1661. 48758,en,15,anulimpana,anulimpana,Anulimpana,Anulimpana,(nt.) [fr. anulimpati] anointing Miln.353,394. (Page 42),10,1
  1662. 48767,en,15,anulimpati,anulimpati,Anulimpati,Anulimpati,[anu + limpati] to anoint,besmear,Miln.394 (°limpitabba). Caus. <i>°limpeti</i> in same meaning Miln.169,and <i>°lepeti</i> Milm 169 (grd. <i>°lepanīya</i> to be treated with ointment). -- pp. <i>anulitta</i> (q. v.). (Page 42),10,1
  1663. 48790,en,15,anulitta,anulitta,Anulitta,Anulitta,(adj.) [cp. Sk. anulipta,pp. of anulimpati] anointed,besmeared J.I,266; PvA.211. (Page 42),8,1
  1664. 48826,en,15,anulokin,anulokin,Anulokin,Anulokin,(adj.) [fr. anu + loketi,cp. Sk. &#38; P. avalokin &#38; anuviloketi] looking (up) at,seeing (-°) M.I,147 (sīsa°). (Page 42),8,1
  1665. 48834,en,15,anuloma,anuloma,Anuloma,Anuloma,(adj.) [Sk. anu + loma] “with the hair or grain”,i. e. in natural order,suitable,fit,adapted to,adaptable,straight forward D.II,273 (anānuloma,q. v.) S.IV,401; Ps.II,67,70; DhA.II,208. -- nt. direct order,state of fitting in,adaptation Miln.148.<br><br> <i>--ñāṇa</i> insight of adaptation (cp. Cpd. 66,68) DhA.II,208. <i>--paṭiloma</i> in regular order &#38; reversed,forward &#38; backward (Ep. of paṭiccasamuppāda,also in BSk.) Vin.I,1; A.IV,448. (Page 42),7,1
  1666. 48930,en,15,anulometi,anulometi,Anulometi,Anulometi,[v. denom. fr. anuloma] to conform to,to be in accordance with Miln.372. (Page 42),9,1
  1667. 48944,en,15,anulomika,anulomika,Anulomika,Anulomika,( &#38; <i>°ya</i>) (adj.) [fr. anuloma] suitable,fit,agreeable; in proper order,adapted to (-°) Vin.II,7 (an°); III,120 (an° = ananucchaviya); IV,239; A.I,106; III,116 sq.; It.103 (sāmaññassa°); Sn.385 (pabbajita°); KhA 243 (ananulomiya); DhsA.25; Sdhp.65. (Page 42),9,1
  1668. 48959,en,15,anuma,anuma,Anuma,Anuma,(-dassika) see <i>anoma°</i>. (Page 40),5,1
  1669. 48965,en,15,anumagge,anumagge,Anumagge,Anumagge,at J.V,201 should be read <i>anu magge</i> along the road,by the way; anu here used as prep. c. Loc. (see anu A b). (Page 40),8,1
  1670. 48976,en,15,anumajjana,anumajjana,Anumajjana,Anumajjana,(nt.) [abstr. fr. anumajjati] threshing out,pounding up (Dhs. trsl. 11),always used with ref. to the term <i>vicāra</i> (q.v.) Miln.62; DhsA.114; DA.I,63,122. (Page 40),10,1
  1671. 49001,en,15,anumajjati,anumajjati,Anumajjati,Anumajjati,[anu + majjati] 1. to strike along,to stroke,to touch DA.I,276 (= anumasati). -- 2. to beat,thresh,fig. to thresh ont J.VI,548; Miln.90. -- Pass. <i>anumajjīyati</i> Miln.275 (cp. p. 428). (Page 40),10,1
  1672. 49006,en,15,anumajjha,anumajjha,Anumajjha,Anumajjha,(adj.) [anu + majjha] mediocre,without going to extremes J.IV,192; V,387. (Page 40),9,1
  1673. 49024,en,15,anumana,anumāna,Anumāna,Anumāna,[fr. anu + <em>man</em>] inference Miln.330 (<i>naya</i> +),372,413; Sdhp.74. (Page 41),7,1
  1674. 49052,en,15,anumannati,anumaññati,Anumaññati,Anumaññati,[anu + maññati] to assent,approve,give leave Th.1,72. -- pp. <i>anumata</i> (q.v.). (Page 40),10,1
  1675. 49067,en,15,anumasati,anumasati,Anumasati,Anumasati,[anu + masati] to touch D.I,106 (= anumajjati DA.I,276). (Page 41),9,1
  1676. 49081,en,15,anumata,anumata,Anumata,Anumata,[pp. of anumaññati] approved of,given consent to,finding approval,given leave D.I,99 (= anuññāta DA.I,267); J.V,399 (= muta); Miln.185,212,231,275; PvA.64 (= annuññāta). (Page 41),7,1
  1677. 49092,en,15,anumati,anumati,Anumati,Anumati,(f.) [from anumaññati] consent,permission,agreement,assent,approval Vin.II,294,301,306; D. I.137,143; Dpvs.IV,47,Cf.V,18; DA.I,297; VvA.17,PvA.114. (Page 41),7,1
  1678. 49117,en,15,anumatta,anumatta,Anumatta,Anumatta,see <i>aṇu°</i>. (Page 41),8,1
  1679. 49132,en,15,anuminati,anumināti,Anumināti,Anumināti,[cf. Sk. anumāti,anu + mināti from <em>mi</em>,Sk. minoti,with confusion of roots <em>mā</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>mi</em>] to observe,draw an inference M.I,97; PvA.227 (°anto + <i>nayaṃ nento</i>). See also anumīyati. (Page 41),9,1
  1680. 49140,en,15,anumitta,anumitta,Anumitta,Anumitta,[anu + mitta] a secondary friend,a follower. acquaintance J.V,77. (Page 41),8,1
  1681. 49151,en,15,anumiyati,anumīyati,Anumīyati,Anumīyati,[Sk. anumīyate,Pass. of anu + <em>mā</em>,measure,in sense of Med.] to observe,conclude or infer from S.III,36. Cp. anumināti. (Page 41),9,1
  1682. 49159,en,15,anummatta,anummatta,Anummatta,Anummatta,(adj.) [an + ummatta] not out of mind,sane,of sound mind Miln.122; Sdhp.205. (Page 41),9,1
  1683. 49175,en,15,anumodaka,anumodaka,Anumodaka,Anumodaka,(adj.) [fr. anumodati] one who enjoys,one who is glad of or thankful for (c. Acc.) Vin.V,172; PvA.122; Sdhf 512. (Page 41),9,1
  1684. 49186,en,15,anumodana,anumodana,Anumodana,Anumodana,(nt.) [fr. anumodati] “according to taste”,i.e. satisfaction,thanks,esp. after a meal or after receiving gifts = to say grace or benediction,blessing,thanksgiving. In latter sense with <i>dadāti</i> (give thanks for = Loc.),karoti (= Lat. gratias agere) or <i>vacati</i> (say or tell thanks):°ṃ <i>datvā</i> PvA.89; °ṃ <i>katvā</i> J.I,91; DhA.III,170,172; VvA.118; PvA.17,47; °ṃ <i>vatvā</i> VvA.40 (pānīyadāne for the gift of water),295,306 etc. °ṃ <i>karoti</i> also “to do a favour” PvA.275. Cp. further DhA.I,198 (°gāthā verses expressing thanks,benediction); II,97 (Satthāraṃ °ṃ yāciṃsu asked his blessing); PvA.23 (°atthaṃ in order to thank),26 (id.),121,141 (katabhatta°),142; Sdhp.213,218,516. (Page 41),9,1
  1685. 49231,en,15,anumodati,anumodati,Anumodati,Anumodati,[anu + modati] to find satisfaction in (Acc.),to rejoice in,be thankful for (c. Acc.),appreciate,benefit from,to be pleased,to enjoy Vin.II,212 (bhattagge a. to say grace after a meal); S.II,54; A.III,50 (<i>°modanīya</i>); IV,411; Dh.177 (ppr. <i>°modamāna</i>); It.78; Pv.II,9<sup>19</sup> (dānaṃ <i>°modamāna</i> = enjoying,gladly receiving); 1,5<sup>4</sup> (anumodare = are pleased; pitisomanassajātā honti PvA.27); J.II,112; PvA.19,46,81,201) imper. <i>modāhi</i>); Sdhp. 501 sq. -- pp. <i>anumodita</i> (q.v.). (Page 41),9,1
  1686. 49252,en,15,anumodita,anumodita,Anumodita,Anumodita,[pp. of anumodati] enjoyed,rejoiced in PvA.77. (Page 41),9,1
  1687. 49285,en,15,anuna,anūna,Anūna,Anūna,(adj.) [Vedic anūna,an + ūna] not lacking,entire,complete,without deficiency J.VI,273; Dpvs.V.52; Miln.226; DA.I,248 (+ paripūra,expl<sup>d</sup> by anavaya). Anūnaka = anūna Dpvs.IV,34. (Page 45),5,1
  1688. 49307,en,15,anunadi,anunadī,Anunadī,Anunadī,(-tire) along the bank of the river S.IV,177 should be read anu nadītīre (= anu prep. c. Loc.; see under anu A). (Page 37),7,1
  1689. 49323,en,15,anunamati,anunamati,Anunamati,Anunamati,[anu + namati] to incline,bend (intrs.),give way Miln.372 (of a bow). (Page 37),9,1
  1690. 49344,en,15,anunasika,anunāsika,Anunāsika,Anunāsika,(adj.) [anu + nāsā + ika] nasal; as tt. g. the sound ṃ; in <i>°lopa</i> apocope of the nasal ṃ VvA.114,253,275,333. (Page 37),9,1
  1691. 49361,en,15,anunata,anūnatā,Anūnatā,Anūnatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. anūna] completeness Cp. III,6<sup>11</sup>. (Page 45),7,1
  1692. 49373,en,15,anunaya,anunaya,Anunaya,Anunaya,[fr. anuneti] “leading along”,friendliness,courtesy,falling in with,fawning D.III,254 (°saṃyojana); A.IV,7 sq. (id.) M.I,191; Dhs.1059; Vbh.145; Nett 79; comb<sup>d.</sup> w. opp. <i>paṭigha</i> (repugnance) at Miln.44,122,322. (Page 37),7,1
  1693. 49390,en,15,anunayana,anunayana,Anunayana,Anunayana,(nt.) [fr. anuneti] fawning DhsA.362. (Page 37),9,1
  1694. 49412,en,15,anunetar,anunetar,Anunetar,Anunetar,[n. ag. fr. anuneti] one who reconciles or conciliates Ps.II,194 (netā vinetā anunetā). (Page 37),8,1
  1695. 49418,en,15,anuneti,anuneti,Anuneti,Anuneti,[anu + neti] to conciliate,appease,win over,flatter S.I,232 (ppr. anunayamāna); pp. <i>anunīta</i> (q. v.). (Page 37),7,1
  1696. 49435,en,15,anunita,anunīta,Anunīta,Anunīta,(adj.) [pp. of anuneti] led,induced S.IV,71; Sn.781. (Page 37),7,1
  1697. 49460,en,15,anunnata,anuññāta,Anuññāta,Anuññāta,(adj.) [pp. of anujānāti] permitted,allowed; sanctioned,given leave,ordained D.I,88; J.I,92; II,353,416; Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup> (na a. = ananuññāta at id. p. Th.2,129; expl<sup>d.</sup> at PvA.64 by ananumata); Pug.28; DA.I,247,248,267; PvA.12,81. (Page 35),8,1
  1698. 49467,en,15,anunnata,anuṇṇata,Anuṇṇata,Anuṇṇata,(adj.) [uṇṇata] not raised,not elated,not haughty,humble Sn.702 (care = uddhaccaṃ nâpajjeyya SnA 492). (Page 36),8,1
  1699. 49483,en,15,anunnatatta,anuññātatta,Anuññātatta,Anuññātatta,(nt.) [abstr. to anuññāta] being permitted,permission J.II,353. (Page 35),11,1
  1700. 49497,en,15,anupa,anupa,Anupa,Anupa,see <i>anūpa</i>. (Page 37),5,1
  1701. 49501,en,15,anupa,anūpa,Anūpa,Anūpa,(adj.) [Vedic anūpa,anu + ap:see āpa,orig. alongside of water] watery,moist; watery land,lowland J. IV.358 (anopa T; anupa C. p. 359),381 (°khetta); Miln.129 (°khetta). (Page 45),5,1
  1702. 49505,en,15,anupabandhana,anupabandhanā,Anupabandhanā,Anupabandhanā,(anuppa°) (f.) [abstr. fr. anupabandhati] continuance,incessance,Pug.18 = Vbh.357 (in exegesis of upanāha). (Page 38),13,1
  1703. 49506,en,15,anupabandhanata,anupabandhanatā,Anupabandhanatā,Anupabandhanatā,(anuppa°) (f.) [abstr. to prec.] nonstopping,not ceasing Miln.132. (Page 38),15,1
  1704. 49507,en,15,anupabandhati,anupabandhati,Anupabandhati,Anupabandhati,(anuppa°) [anu + pa + bandhati] to follow immediately,to be incessant,to keep on (without stopping),to continue Miln.132. -- Caus. <i>°āpeti</i> ibid. (Page 38),13,1
  1705. 49521,en,15,anupabbajja,anupabbajjā,Anupabbajjā,Anupabbajjā,(f.) [anu + pabbajjā,cp. BSk. anupravrajati Divy 61] giving up worldly life in imitation of another S.V,67 = It.107. (Page 38),11,1
  1706. 49555,en,15,anupacinati,anupacināti,Anupacināti,Anupacināti,[an + upacināti] not to observe or notice J.V,339 (= anoloketi C.; v. l. anapaviṇāti). (Page 37),11,1
  1707. 49561,en,15,anupacita,anupacita,Anupacita,Anupacita,(adj.) [anu + pa + cita,pp. of anupacināti] heaped up,accumulated ThA.56. (Page 37),9,1
  1708. 49574,en,15,anupada,anupada,Anupada,Anupada,[cp. Sk. anupadaṃ adv.,anu + pada] 1. the “afterfoot”,i. e. second foot a verse,also a mode of reciting,where the second foot is recited without the first one Vin.IV,15 (cp. 355); Miln.340 (anupadena anupadaṃ katheti). -- 2. (adj.) (following) on foot,at every,step,continuous,repeated,in °dhamma-vipassanā uninterrupted contemplation M.III,25; °vaṇṇanā word-by-word explanation DhsA.168. As nt. adv. <i>°ṃ</i> close behind,immediately after (c. Gen.) J.II,230 (tassânupadaṃ agamāsi); VI,422. Esp. freq. in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>padânupadaṃ</i> (adv.) foot after foot,i. e. in the footsteps,immediately behind J.III,504; VI,555; DhA.I,69; II,38. (Page 37),7,1
  1709. 49588,en,15,anupada,anupādā,Anupādā,Anupādā,[ger. of an + upādiyati = anupādāya] <i>anupādāniya</i>,<i> anupādāya</i>,<i> anupādiyāna</i>,<i> anupādiyitvā</i> see <i>upādiyati</i>. (Page 39),7,1
  1710. 49616,en,15,anupadam,anupādaṃ,Anupādaṃ,Anupādaṃ,(adv.) [anu + pāda] at the foot Vism.182 (opp. <i>anusīsaṃ</i> at the head). (Page 39),8,1
  1711. 49622,en,15,anupadana,anupadāna,Anupadāna,Anupadāna,(anuppadāna) (nt.) [anu + pa + dāna,cp. anupadeti] giving,administering,furnishing,the giving of (-°) D.I,12 (cp. DA.I,98; both read anuppādāna); J.III,205; Miln.315. (Page 37),9,1
  1712. 49630,en,15,anupadana,anupādāna,Anupādāna,Anupādāna, &#38; Anupādi see <i>upādāna </i>&<i> upādi</i>. (Page 39),9,1
  1713. 49661,en,15,anupadatar,anupadātar,Anupadātar,Anupadātar,(anuppadātar) [n. ag. of anupadeti] one who gives,or one who sets forth,effects,designs D.I,4 (cp. DA.I,74); A.II,209. (Page 37),10,1
  1714. 49691,en,15,anupaddava,anupaddava,Anupaddava,Anupaddava,(adj.) [an + upaddava] free from danger,uninjured,safe Vin.II,79 = 124 (+ anītika); III,162; Dh.338; DhA.IV,48; PvA.250 (expl<sup>n.</sup> for siva). (Page 38),10,1
  1715. 49708,en,15,anupadeti,anupadeti,Anupadeti,Anupadeti,(anuppadeti) [anu + pa + dadāti] to give out,give as a present,hand over; to design,set forth,undertake S.III,131 (Pot. anuppadajjuṃ); M.I,416 (Pot. anupadajjeyya. see dadāti I.3); Miln.210 (°deti). fut. <i>°dassati</i> (see dadāti I.1); D.III,92; S.IV,303 (v. l. SS for T. anusarissati); A.III,43; Sn.983. ger. <i>°datvā</i> SnA 35. inf. <i>°dātuṃ</i> A.I,117. pp. <i>°dinna</i> (q. v.). (Page 38),9,1
  1716. 49709,en,15,anupadhareti,anupadhāreti,Anupadhāreti,Anupadhāreti,[an + upadhār°] to disregard,to heed not,to neglect DhA.IV,197; VvA.260. (Page 38),12,1
  1717. 49723,en,15,anupadhika,anupadhika,Anupadhika,Anupadhika,(adj.) [an + upadhi + ka] free from attachment (see upadhi) Vin I 36 (anupadhīka); D. III 112 (anupadhika opp. to sa-upadhika); Sn.1057 (anūpadhīka T.,but Nd<sup>2</sup> anūpadhika. with ū for u metri causa). (Page 38),10,1
  1718. 49726,en,15,anupadhika,anūpadhika,Anūpadhika,Anūpadhika,for anu° in metre Sn.1057,see upadhi. (Page 45),10,1
  1719. 49730,en,15,anupadinna,anupadinna,Anupadinna,Anupadinna,(anuppadinna) [pp. of anupadeti] given,handed over,furnished,dedicated Pv.I,5<sup>12</sup>. (Page 38),10,1
  1720. 49832,en,15,anupagacchati,anupagacchati,Anupagacchati,Anupagacchati,[anu + pa + gacchati] to go or return into (c. Acc.) D.I,55 (anupeti +). (Page 37),13,1
  1721. 49862,en,15,anupaghata,anupaghāta,Anupaghāta,Anupaghāta,[an + upaghāta] not hurting Dh.185 (<i>anūpa°</i> metri causa; expl<sup>d.</sup> by anupahananañ c’eva anupaghātanañ ca DhA.III,238). (Page 37),10,1
  1722. 49868,en,15,anupaghata,anūpaghāta,Anūpaghāta,Anūpaghāta,[metrically for anupa°] not killing,not murdering. Dh.185 (= anupahananañ c’eva anupaghātanañ ca DhA.III,238). (Page 45),10,1
  1723. 49888,en,15,anupahana,anupāhana,Anupāhana,Anupāhana,(adj.) [an + upāhana] without shoes J.VI,552. (Page 39),9,1
  1724. 49898,en,15,anupahata,anupahata,Anupahata,Anupahata,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [an + upahata] not destroyed,not spoilt DhA.II,33 (°jivhapasāda). (Page 39),9,1
  1725. 49899,en,15,anupahata,anupahata,Anupahata,Anupahata,<sup>1</sup> [anu + pa + hata,pp. of anu + pa + <em>han</em>] thrown up,blown up Miln.274. (Page 39),9,1
  1726. 49909,en,15,anupajagghati,anupajagghati,Anupajagghati,Anupajagghati,[anu + pa + jagghati] to laugh at,to deride,mock over A.I,198 (v. l. anusaṃ°). (Page 37),13,1
  1727. 49911,en,15,anupajjati,anupajjati,Anupajjati,Anupajjati,[anu + <em>pad</em>] to follow,accompany J.IV,304. ‹-› pp. <i>anupanna</i> (q. v.). (Page 37),10,1
  1728. 49920,en,15,anupakampati,anupakampati,Anupakampati,Anupakampati,[anu + pakampati] to shake,move,to be unsteady Th.1,191 = Ud.41. (Page 37),12,1
  1729. 49944,en,15,anupakhajjati,anupakhajjati,Anupakhajjati,Anupakhajjati,[den. fr. anupakhajja,ger. of anupakkhandati] to encroach,intrude Vin.V,163. (Page 37),13,1
  1730. 49954,en,15,anupakkama,anupakkama,Anupakkama,Anupakkama,[an + upakkama] not attacking,Instr. <i>°ena</i> not by attack (from external enemies) Vin.II,195. (Page 37),10,1
  1731. 49965,en,15,anupakkhandati,anupakkhandati,Anupakkhandati,Anupakkhandati,[anu + pa + khandati] to push oneself forward,to encroach on D.I,122 (= anupavisati DA.I,290); ger. <i>anupakhajja</i> pushing oneself in,intruding Vin.II,88 (= antopavisati),213; IV,43 (= anupavisati); M.I,151,469; S.III,113; Vism.18. (Page 37),14,1
  1732. 49978,en,15,anupakkuttha,anupakkuṭṭha,Anupakkuṭṭha,Anupakkuṭṭha,(adj.) [an + upak°] blameless,irreproachahle D.I,113; Vin.IV,160; Sn.p. 115; DA.I,281. (Page 37),12,1
  1733. 50001,en,15,anupalaka,anupālaka,Anupālaka,Anupālaka,(adj.) [anu + pālaka] guarding,preserving Sdhp.474. (Page 39),9,1
  1734. 50015,en,15,anupalana,anupālana,Anupālana,Anupālana,(nt.) [fr. anupāleti] maintenance,guarding,keeping Dpvs III,2. (Page 39),9,1
  1735. 50036,en,15,anupaleti,anupāleti,Anupāleti,Anupāleti,[anu + pāleti] to safeguard,warrant,maintain Miln.160 (santatiṃ). (Page 39),9,1
  1736. 50048,en,15,anupalitta,anupalitta,Anupalitta,Anupalitta,(adj.) [an + upalitta] unsmeared,unstained,free from taint M.I,319,386 (in verse); as <i>°ūpalitta</i> in verse of Sn. &#38; Dh:Sn.211 (= lepānaṃ abhāvā SnA 261),392,468,790,845; Dh.353. (Page 38),10,1
  1737. 50053,en,15,anupalitta,anūpalitta,Anūpalitta,Anūpalitta,(adj.) [an + upalitta,with ū in metre] free from taint,unstained,unsmeared Sn.211,392,468,790,845; Dh.353; cf. Nd<sup>1</sup> 90 and DhA.IV,72. (Page 45),10,1
  1738. 50072,en,15,anupama,anūpama,Anūpama,Anūpama,at It.122 is metric reading for anupama (see upama). (Page 45),7,1
  1739. 50111,en,15,anupanahin,anūpanāhin,Anūpanāhin,Anūpanāhin,(adj.) [an + upanāhin,with ū metri causa] not bearing ill-will,not angry with J.IV,463. (Page 45),10,1
  1740. 50114,en,15,anupancaham,anupañcāhaṃ,Anupañcāhaṃ,Anupañcāhaṃ,(adv.) [anu + pañcā + ahaṃ] every five days PvA.139 (+ anudasāhaṃ). (Page 37),11,1
  1741. 50135,en,15,anupanna,anupanna,Anupanna,Anupanna,[pp. of anupajjati] gone into,reached,attained Sn.764 (māradheyya°). (Page 38),8,1
  1742. 50148,en,15,anupannatti,anupaññatti,Anupaññatti,Anupaññatti,(f.) [anu + paññatti] a supplementary regulation or order Vin.II,286; V,2 sq. (Page 37),11,1
  1743. 50180,en,15,anupapeti,anupāpeti,Anupāpeti,Anupāpeti,[Caus. of anupāpuṇāti] to make reach or attain,to lead to,to give or make find J.VI,88; Cp. XI. 4 (aor. <i>anupāpayi</i>); Miln.276. -- pp. <i>anupāpita</i> (q. v.). (Page 39),9,1
  1744. 50187,en,15,anupapita,anupāpita,Anupāpita,Anupāpita,[pp. of anupāpeti] having been lead to or made to reach,attained,found Miln.252. (Page 39),9,1
  1745. 50195,en,15,anupapunati,anupāpuṇāti,Anupāpuṇāti,Anupāpuṇāti,(anuppā°) [anu + pāpuṇāti] to reach,attain,get to,find S.I,105; ger. <i>anuppatvāna</i> Pv.II,9<sup>24</sup> (= °pāpuṇitvā PvA.123). -- pp. <i>anupatta</i> (q. v.). -- Caus. <i>anupāpeti</i> (q. v.). (Page 39),11,1
  1746. 50242,en,15,anuparidhavati,anuparidhāvati,Anuparidhāvati,Anuparidhāvati,[anu + pari + dhāvati] to run up &#38; down or to move round &#38; round (cp. anuparivattati) S.III,150 (khīlan). (Page 38),14,1
  1747. 50256,en,15,anuparigacchati,anuparigacchati,Anuparigacchati,Anuparigacchati,[anu + pari + gacchati] to walk round and round,to go round about (c. Acc.) Vin.III,119; S.I,75 (ger. <i>°gamma</i>); Sn.447 (aor. <i>°pariyagā</i> = parito parito agamāsi SnA. 393); J.IV,267. (Page 38),15,1
  1748. 50272,en,15,anupariharati,anupariharati,Anupariharati,Anupariharati,[anu + pari + harati] to surround,enfold,embrace M.I,306. (Page 38),13,1
  1749. 50288,en,15,anuparisakkana,anuparisakkana,Anuparisakkana,Anuparisakkana,(nt.) [fr. anuparisakkati] dealing with,interest in S.IV,312 (v.l. °vattana). (Page 38),14,1
  1750. 50296,en,15,anuparisakkati,anuparisakkati,Anuparisakkati,Anuparisakkati,[anu + pari + sakkati] to move round,to be occupied with,take an interest in (c. Acc.) S.IV,312 (v.l. °vattati). (Page 38),14,1
  1751. 50302,en,15,anuparivareti,anuparivāreti,Anuparivāreti,Anuparivāreti,[anu + pari + vāreti] to surround,stand by,attend on (c. Acc.) Vin.I,338; M.I,153; DhA 1.55. (Page 38),13,1
  1752. 50328,en,15,anuparivattati,anuparivattati,Anuparivattati,Anuparivattati,[anu + pari + <em>vṛt</em>] to go or move round,viz. 1. to deal with,be engaged in,perform,worship Vin.III,307 (ādiccaṃ); D.I,240; PvA.97. -- 2. to meet Miln.204 (Devadatto ca Bodhisatto ca ekato anuparivattanti). -- 3. to move round &#38; round,move on and on,keep on rolling (c. Acc.),evolve S.III,150 (anuparidhāvati +) Miln.253 (anudhāvati + kāyan). (Page 38),14,1
  1753. 50339,en,15,anuparivatti,anuparivatti,Anuparivatti,Anuparivatti,(f.) (-°) [anu + parivatti] dealing with,occupation,connection with S.III,16. (Page 38),12,1
  1754. 50354,en,15,anupariveniyam,anupariveṇiyaṃ,Anupariveṇiyaṃ,Anupariveṇiyaṃ,[anu + pariveṇiyaṃ = Loc. of pariveṇi] should be written anu pariveṇiyaṃ (“in every cell,cell by cell”),anu here functioning as prep. c. Loc. (see anu A) Vin.I,80,106. (Page 38),14,1
  1755. 50366,en,15,anupariyati,anupariyāti,Anupariyāti,Anupariyāti,[auu + pari + yāti] to go round about,to go about,to wander or travel all over (c. Acc.) Vin.II,111; S.I,102,124; Th.1,1235 (°pariyeti),1250 (id. to search); Pv III,3<sup>4</sup> (= anuvicarati); Miln.38; PvA.92 (<i>°yāyitvā</i>,ger.) 217. (Page 38),11,1
  1756. 50375,en,15,anupariyaya,anupariyāya,Anupariyāya,Anupariyāya,(adj) [adjectivised ger. of anupariyāti] going round,encircling,in <i>°patha</i> the path leading or going round the city D.II,83 = S IV 194 = A.V,195; A.IV,107. (Page 38),11,1
  1757. 50442,en,15,anupasankamati,anupasaṅkamati,Anupasaṅkamati,Anupasaṅkamati,<sup>2</sup> [an + upasaṅk°] not to go to. not to approach DhA.II,30 (+ apayirupāsati). (Page 38),14,1
  1758. 50443,en,15,anupasankamati,anupasaṅkamati,Anupasaṅkamati,Anupasaṅkamati,<sup>1</sup> [anu + pa + saṅkamati] to go along up to (c. Acc.) PvA.179. (Page 38),14,1
  1759. 50454,en,15,anupasanthapana,anupasaṇṭhapanā,Anupasaṇṭhapanā,Anupasaṇṭhapanā,(f.) [an + upasaṇṭhapanā] not stopping,incessance,continuance Pug.18 (but id. p. at Vbh.357 has anusansandanā instead); cp. <i>anupabandhanā</i>. (Page 38),15,1
  1760. 50463,en,15,anupassaka,anupassaka,Anupassaka,Anupassaka,(adj.) [fr. anupassati] observing,viewing,contemplating Th.1,420. (Page 38),10,1
  1761. 50479,en,15,anupassana,anupassanā,Anupassanā,Anupassanā,(f.) [abstr. of anupassati,cf. Sk. anudarśana] looking at,viewing,contemplating,consideration,realisation S.V,178 sq.,Sn.p. 140; Ps.I,10,20,96; II,37,41 sq.,67 sq.; Vbh.194. See <i>anicca°</i>,<i> anatta°</i>,<i> dukkha°</i>. (Page 39),10,1
  1762. 50499,en,15,anupassati,anupassati,Anupassati,Anupassati,[anu + passati] to look at,contemplate,observe Sn.477; Ps.I,57,187; SnA. 505. (Page 38),10,1
  1763. 50522,en,15,anupassin,anupassin,Anupassin,Anupassin,(-°) (adj.) [fr. anupassati] viewing,observing,realising S.II,84 sq.,V,294 sq.,311 sq.,345,Dh.7,253; Sn.255,728; Ps.I,191 sq.; Vbh.193 sq.,236; Sdhp.411. (Page 39),9,1
  1764. 50533,en,15,anupata,anupāta,Anupāta,Anupāta,[of anupatati] attack in speech,contest,reproach A.I,161 (vāda°). (Page 39),7,1
  1765. 50549,en,15,anupatati,anupatati,Anupatati,Anupatati,[anu + patati] 1. to follow,go after,J.VI,555 anupatiyāsi Subj.). -- 2. to fall upon,to befall,attack Vin.III,106 = M.I,364; S.I,23 (read °patanti for °patatanti) = Dh.221 (dukkhā); Th.1,41 = 1167 (of lightning). ‹-› pp. <i>anupatita</i> (q. v.). Cp. also <i>anupāta </i>&<i> anupātin</i>. (Page 37),9,1
  1766. 50558,en,15,anupathe,anupathe,Anupathe,Anupathe,at J.V,302 should be read as anu pathe by the way at the wayside; anu to be taken as prep. c. Loc. (see anu A). C. expl<sup>ns.</sup> as jaṅghamagga-mahāmaggānaṃ antare. (Page 37),8,1
  1767. 50566,en,15,anupatin,anupātin,Anupātin,Anupātin,(adj.) [fr. anupāta] 1. following,indulging in J.III,523 (khaṇa°). -- 2. attacking,hurting J.V,399. (Page 39),8,1
  1768. 50577,en,15,anupatipati,anupaṭipāti,Anupaṭipāti,Anupaṭipāti,(f.) [anu + paṭipāti] succession; as adv. in order,successively DA.I,277 (kathā = anupubbikathā); DhA.III,340 (anupaṭipāṭiyā = anupubbena); Vism.244. (Page 37),11,1
  1769. 50588,en,15,anupatita,anupatita,Anupatita,Anupatita,[pp. of anupatati] “befallen”,affected with,oppressed by (-°) S.II,173 (dukkha°); III,69 (id.); Sn.334 (pamāda°). (Page 37),9,1
  1770. 50594,en,15,anupatitatta,anupatitatta,Anupatitatta,Anupatitatta,(nt.) [abstr. of anupatita] the fact of being attacked by,being a victim of (-°) SnA 339. (Page 37),12,1
  1771. 50613,en,15,anupatta,anupatta,Anupatta,Anupatta,(anuppatta) [pp. of anupāpuṇāti; cp. Sk. anuprāpta] (having) attained,received,got to (c. acc),reached D.I,87--111; II 2; It.38; Sn.027,635; Dh.386,403; Pv IV.1<sup>66</sup>; PvA.59 (dukkhaṃ),242. In phrase <i>addhagata vayo-anuppatta</i> having reached old age,e. g. Vin.II,188; D.I,48; Sn.pp. 50,92; PvA.149. (Page 37),8,1
  1772. 50632,en,15,anupatthita,anupaṭṭhita,Anupaṭṭhita,Anupaṭṭhita,(adj.) [anu + pa + ṭhita] setting out after,following,attacking J.V,452. (Page 37),11,1
  1773. 50647,en,15,anupatti,anupatti,Anupatti,Anupatti,(anuppatti) (f.) [anu + patti] attainment,accomplishment,wish,desire (fulfilled),ideal S.I,46,52. (Page 37),8,1
  1774. 50654,en,15,anupavada,anupavāda,Anupavāda,Anupavāda,[an + upavāda] not blaming or finding fault,abstaining from grumbling or abuse Dh.185 (anūpa° in metre; expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.III,238 as anupavādanañ c’eva anupavādāpanañ ca “not scolding as well as not inciting others to grumbling”); adj. <i>°vādaka</i> Pug.60, &#38; <i>°vādin</i> M.I,360. (Page 38),9,1
  1775. 50659,en,15,anupavada,anūpavāda,Anūpavāda,Anūpavāda,[an + upavāda,with metrically lengthened u] not grumbling,not finding fault Dh.185 (= anupavādanañ c’eva anupavadāpanañ ca DhA.III,238). (Page 45),9,1
  1776. 50686,en,15,anupavajja,anupavajja,Anupavajja,Anupavajja,(adj.) [grd. of an + upavadati] blameless,without fault,Miln.391. (Page 38),10,1
  1777. 50694,en,15,anupavattaka,anupavattaka,Anupavattaka,Anupavattaka,(anuppa°) (adj.) to anupavatteti] one who succeeds (another) King or Ruler in the ruling of an empire (cakkaṃ) Miln.342,362; SnA 454. See also <i>anuvattaka</i>. (Page 38),12,1
  1778. 50709,en,15,anupavatteti,anupavatteti,Anupavatteti,Anupavatteti,(anuppa°) [anu + pa + vatteti,fr. <em>vṛt</em>] to keep moving on after,to continue rolling,with <i>cakkaṃ</i> to wield supreme power after,i.e. in succession or imitation of a predecessor S.I,191; Miln.362. See also <i>anuvatteti</i>. (Page 38),12,1
  1779. 50716,en,15,anupavecchati,anupavecchati,Anupavecchati,Anupavecchati,(anuppa°) [see under pavecchati] to give,give over to,offer up,present,supply Vin.I,221 (°pavacchati); D.I,74 (= pavesati DA.I,218); II,78; M.I,446; III,133; A.II,64; III,26 (v.l. °vacch°); J.V,394; Sn.208 (v.l. °vacch°); SnA 256 (= anupavesati); PvA.28. (Page 38),13,1
  1780. 50717,en,15,anupaveseti,anupaveseti,Anupaveseti,Anupaveseti,[anu + pa + <i>vis</i>,cp. BSk. anupraveśayati Divy 238] to make enter,to give over,to supply SnA 256 (= °pavecchati). (Page 38),11,1
  1781. 50733,en,15,anupavisati,anupavisati,Anupavisati,Anupavisati,[anu + pa + visati] to go into,to enter Dh.I,290; VvA.42 (= ogāhati). -- pp. <i>°paviṭṭha</i> (q.v.) ‹-› Caus. <i>°paveseti</i> (q.v.). (Page 38),11,1
  1782. 50747,en,15,anupavittha,anupaviṭṭha,Anupaviṭṭha,Anupaviṭṭha,(anuppa°) [pp. of anupavisati] entered,gone or got into,fallen into (c. Acc.) Miln.270,318 sq.,409 (coming for shelter); PvA.97,152 (Gaṅgānadiṃ a. nadī:flowing into the G.). (Page 38),11,1
  1783. 50755,en,15,anupavitthata,anupaviṭṭhatā,Anupaviṭṭhatā,Anupaviṭṭhatā,(f.) [abstr. to anupaviṭṭha] the fact of having entered Miln.257. (Page 38),13,1
  1784. 50760,en,15,anupaya,anupaya,Anupaya,Anupaya,(adj.) [an + upaya] unattached,“aloof” S.I,181 (akaṅkha apiha +). (Page 38),7,1
  1785. 50771,en,15,anupaya,anupāya,Anupāya,Anupāya,[an + upāya] wrong means J.I,256; Sdhp.405. (Page 39),7,1
  1786. 50809,en,15,anupayasa,anupāyāsa,Anupāyāsa,Anupāyāsa,see <i>upāyāsa</i>. (Page 39),9,1
  1787. 50843,en,15,anupekkhanata,anupekkhanatā,Anupekkhanatā,Anupekkhanatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. anupekkhana,see anupekkhatī] concentration (of thought) Dhs.8,85,284,372. (Page 39),13,1
  1788. 50852,en,15,anupekkhati,anupekkhati,Anupekkhati,Anupekkhati,[anu + pekkhati] 1. to concentrate oneself on,to look carefully A.III,23. -- 2. to consider,to show consideration for,Nd<sup>2</sup> 50 (ppr. °amāna = anukampamāna). -- Caus. anupekkheti to cause some one to consider carefully Vin.II,73. (Page 39),11,1
  1789. 50874,en,15,anupeseti,anupeseti,Anupeseti,Anupeseti,[anu + pa +<em> iṣ</em>] to send forth after Miln.36. (Page 39),9,1
  1790. 50888,en,15,anupeti,anupeti,Anupeti,Anupeti,[anu + pa + <em>i</em>] to go into D.I,55 (+ anupagacchati) S.III,207; DA.I,165. (Page 39),7,1
  1791. 50891,en,15,anupharana,anupharaṇa,Anupharaṇa,Anupharaṇa,(nt.) [anu + pharaṇa] flashing through,pervading Miln.148. (Page 39),10,1
  1792. 50910,en,15,anuphusiyati,anuphusīyati,Anuphusīyati,Anuphusīyati,[anu + phusīyati,cp. Sk. pruṣāyati,Caus. of pruṣ] to sprinkle,moisten,make wet J.V,242 (himaṃ; C. pateyya). (Page 39),12,1
  1793. 50912,en,15,anupilam,anupīḷaṃ,Anupīḷaṃ,Anupīḷaṃ,at PvA.161 is to be read anuppīḷan (q. v.). (Page 39),8,1
  1794. 50921,en,15,anupiya,anupiya,Anupiya,Anupiya,(anuppiya) (adj) [anu + piya] flattering,plessant,nt. pleasantness,flattery,in °bhāṇin one who flatters I) III,185; J.II,390; V,360; and °bhāṇitar id. Vbh.352. (Page 39),7,1
  1795. 50953,en,15,anuposathikam,anuposathikaṃ,Anuposathikaṃ,Anuposathikaṃ,see anvaḍḍhamāsaṃ. (Page 39),13,1
  1796. 50957,en,15,anuposiya,anuposiya,Anuposiya,Anuposiya,(adj.) [grd. of anu +<em> puṣ</em>] to be nourished or fostered Sdhp.318. (Page 39),9,1
  1797. 50962,en,15,anuppa°,anuppa°,Anuppa°,Anuppa°,in all comb<sup>ns.</sup> of anu + ppa see under headings anupa°. (Page 39),7,1
  1798. 51029,en,15,anuppadajjum,anuppadajjuṃ,Anuppadajjuṃ,Anuppadajjuṃ,(S.III,131) see anupadeti. (Page 39),12,1
  1799. 51173,en,15,anuppanna,anuppanna,Anuppanna,Anuppanna,(°uppāda,°uppādeti) see uppanna etc. (Page 39),9,1
  1800. 51331,en,15,anuppila,anuppīḷa,Anuppīḷa,Anuppīḷa,(adj.) [an + uppīḷa] not molested,not oppressed (by robbers etc.) not ruined,free from harm J.III,443; V,378; VvA.351; PvA.161. (Page 39),8,1
  1801. 51360,en,15,anupubba,anupubba,Anupubba,Anupubba,(adj.) [anu + pubba] following in one’s turn,successive,gradual,by and by,regular Vin.II,237 (mahāsamuddo a°-ninno etc.); D.I,184; Sn.511; J.V,155 (regularly formed,of ūrū). Cases adverbially:anupubbena (Instr.) by and by,in course of time,later,gradually Vin.I,83; Dh.239 (= anupaṭipāṭiyā DhA.III,340); Pug.41,64; J.II,2,105; III,127; Miln.22; PvA.19. anupubbaso (Abl. cp. Sk. anupūrvaśaḥ) in regular order Sn.1000. ‹-› In comp<sup>n.</sup> both anupubba° &#38; anupubbi° (q. v.).<br><br> --<i>kāraṇa</i> gradual performance,graded practice M.I,446. --<i>nirodha</i> successive passing away,fading away in regular succession,i. e. in due course. The nine stages of this process are the same as those mentioned under °vihāra, &#38; are enum<sup>d.</sup> as such at D.III,266,290; A.IV,409,456; Ps.I,35. --<i>vihāra</i> a state of gradually ascending stages,by means of which the highest aim of meditation &#38; trance is attained,viz. complete cessation of all consciousness. These are 9 stages,consisting of the 4 jhānas,the 4 āyatanāni &#38; as the crowning phrase “saññā-vedayitanirodha” (see jhāna<sup>1</sup>). Enum<sup>d.</sup> as such in var. places,esp. at the foll.:D.II,156; III,265,290; A.IV,410; Nd<sup>2</sup> under jhāna; Ps.I,5; Miln.176. --<i>sikkhā</i> regular instruction or study (dhammavinaye) M.I,479; III,1 (+ °kiriyā °paṭipadā). (Page 39),8,1
  1802. 51368,en,15,anupubba,ānupubba,Ānupubba,Ānupubba,(nt.) [abstr. fr. anupubba] rule,regularity,order Th.1,727 (cp. M Vastu II.224 ānupubbā). (Page 101),8,1
  1803. 51393,en,15,anupubbaka,anupubbaka,Anupubbaka,Anupubbaka,(adj.) = anupubba,in cpd. pubbânupubbaka all in succession or in turn,one by one (on nature of this kind of cpd. see anu B IV.) Vin.I,20 (°ānaṃ kulānaṃ puttā the sons of each clan,one by one). (Page 39),10,1
  1804. 51442,en,15,anupubbata,anupubbata,Anupubbata,Anupubbata,(nt.) [fr. anupubba] acting in turn,gradation,succession Vv 64<sup>14</sup> (= anukūla kiriyā i. e. as it pleases VvA.280) cp. ānupubbatā. (Page 39),10,1
  1805. 51447,en,15,anupubbata,ānupubbatā,Ānupubbatā,Ānupubbatā,(f.) (or °ta nt.?) [fr. last] succession; only in tt. g. padânu-pubbatā word sequence,in expl<sup>n.</sup> of iti Nd<sup>1</sup> 140; Nd<sup>2</sup> 137 (v. l. °ka). (Page 101),10,1
  1806. 51488,en,15,anupubbi-katha,anupubbi-kathā,Anupubbi-Kathā,Anupubbi-kathā,(f.) [anupubba + kathā,formation like dhammi-kathā] a gradual instruction,graduated sermon,regulated exposition of the ever higher values of four subjects (dāna-kathā,sīla°,sagga°,magga°) i. e. charity,righteousness,the heavens,and the Path. Bdhgh. explains the term as anupubbikathā nāma dānânantaraṃ sīlaṃ sīlânantaro saggo saggânantaro maggo ti etesaṃ dīpana-kathā” (DA.I,277). Vin.I,15,18; II,156,192; D.I,110; II,41; M.I,379; J.I,8; VvA.66,197,208; DA.I,308; DhA.I,6; Miln.228. -- The spelling is frequently ānupubbikathā (as to lengthening of anu see anu Note (a)),e. g. at D.I,110; II,41; M.I,379; J.I,8; Miln.228. (Page 39),14,1
  1807. 51499,en,15,anupubbikatha,ānupubbikathā,Ānupubbikathā,Ānupubbikathā,[for anupubbi° representing its isolated composition form,cp. ānubhāva &#38; see also anupubbi°] regulated exposition,graduated sermon D.I,110; II,41 sq.; M.I,379; J.I,8; Miln.228; DA.I,277,308; DhA.IV,199. (Page 101),13,1
  1808. 51517,en,15,anupucchati,anupucchati,Anupucchati,Anupucchati,[anu + pucchati] to ask or inquire after (c. Acc.) Sn.432,1113. -- pp. anupuṭṭha (q. v.). (Page 39),11,1
  1809. 51527,en,15,anuputtha,anupuṭṭha,Anupuṭṭha,Anupuṭṭha,[pp. of anupucchati] asked Sn.782 (= pucchita SnA 521). (Page 39),9,1
  1810. 51530,en,15,anuputtha,ānupuṭṭha,Ānupuṭṭha,Ānupuṭṭha,metri causa for anupuṭṭha (q. v.). (Page 101),9,1
  1811. 51560,en,15,anuraho,anuraho,Anuraho,Anuraho,(adv.) [anu + raho] in secret,face to face,private M.I,27. (Page 42),7,1
  1812. 51575,en,15,anurakkha,anurakkhā,Anurakkhā,Anurakkhā,(f.) [= anurakkhaṇā] guarding,protection,preservation S.IV,323 (anuddayā a. anukampā). (Page 41),9,1
  1813. 51582,en,15,anurakkhaka,anurakkhaka,Anurakkhaka,Anurakkhaka,(adj.) [fr. anurakkhati,cp. °rakkhin] preserving,keeping up J.IV,192 (<i>vaṃsa°</i>); VI,1 (id.). (Page 41),11,1
  1814. 51592,en,15,anurakkhana,anurakkhaṇa,Anurakkhaṇa,Anurakkhaṇa,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [abstr. fr. anurakkhati] guarding,protection,preservation D.III,225 sq.; A.II,16 sq.; J.I,133; Pug.12; Dpvs.IV,24 (adj.); VvA.32 (citta°); Sdhp.449. (Page 41),11,1
  1815. 51630,en,15,anurakkhati,anurakkhati,Anurakkhati,Anurakkhati,[anu + rakkhati] to guard,watch over (Acc.),preserve,protect,shield Sn.149; Dh.327; J.I,46; Pug.12. -- ppr. med.° <i>rakkhamāna(ka)</i> as adj. Sdhp.621. (Page 41),11,1
  1816. 51646,en,15,anurakkhin,anurakkhin,Anurakkhin,Anurakkhin,(adj.) [fr. anurakkhati] guarding,preserving,keeping J.V,24. (Page 41),10,1
  1817. 51659,en,15,anurakkhiya,anurakkhiya,Anurakkhiya,Anurakkhiya,(adj.) [f. anurakkhati] in <i>dur°</i> difficult to guard Vin.III,149. (Page 41),11,1
  1818. 51685,en,15,anuranjita,anurañjita,Anurañjita,Anurañjita,[pp. of anu + rañjeti,Caus. of <em>rañj</em>] illumined,brighterted,beautified Bu I.45 (byāmapabhā° by the shine of the halo); VvA.4 (sañjhātapa° for sañjhāpabhā°). (Page 41),10,1
  1819. 51699,en,15,anuratta,anuratta,Anuratta,Anuratta,(adj.) pp. of anu + <em>rañj</em>] attached or devoted to,fond of,faithful Th.2,446 (bhattāraṃ); J.I,297; Miln.146. (Page 42),8,1
  1820. 51713,en,15,anuravana,anuravanā,Anuravanā,Anuravanā,(f.) [abstr. fr. anuravati] lingering of the sound,resounding Miln.63. (Page 42),9,1
  1821. 51717,en,15,anuravati,anuravati,Anuravati,Anuravati,[anu + ravati] to resound,to sound after,linger (of sound) Miln.63. (Page 42),9,1
  1822. 51724,en,15,anurodati,anurodati,Anurodati,Anurodati,[anu + rodati] to cry after,cry for J.III,166 = Pv.I,12<sup>7</sup> (dārako candaṃ a.). (Page 42),9,1
  1823. 51734,en,15,anurodha,anurodha,Anurodha,Anurodha,[fr. anu + <em>rudh</em>] compliance,consideration satisfaction (opp. <i>virodha</i>) S.I,111; IV,210; Sn.362; Dhs.1059; Vbh.145; DhsA.362. (Page 42),8,1
  1824. 51773,en,15,anuruddha,anuruddha,Anuruddha,Anuruddha,[pp. of anurujjhati] enggaged in,devoted to; compliant or complied with,pleased S.IV,71,(anānuruddha). (Page 42),9,1
  1825. 51803,en,15,anurujjhati,anurujjhati,Anurujjhati,Anurujjhati,[Sk. anurudhyate,Pass. of anu + <em>rudh</em>] to conform oneself to,have a regard for,approve,to be pleased A.IV,158; Dhs.A 362. -- pp. <i>anuruddha</i> (q. v.). (Page 42),11,1
  1826. 51814,en,15,anurupa,anurūpa,Anurūpa,Anurūpa,(adj.) [anu + rūpa] suitable,adequate,seeming,fit,worthy; adapted to,corresponding,conform with (-°) J.I,91; VI,366 (tad°); PvA.61 (ajjhāsaya° according to his wish),128 (id.) 78,122,130,155; etc. Cp. also <i>paṭirūpa</i> in same meaning. (Page 42),7,1
  1827. 51884,en,15,anusahagata,anusahagata,Anusahagata,Anusahagata,(adj.) having a residuum,accompanied by a minimum of . . S.III,130; Kvu 81,see <i>aṇu°</i>. (Page 44),11,1
  1828. 51903,en,15,anusampavankata,anusampavaṅkatā,Anusampavaṅkatā,Anusampavaṅkatā,(f.) [anu + saṃ + pavaṅkatā; is reading correct?] disputing,quarrelling(?) Vin.II,88 (under anuvādâdhikaraṇa). (Page 44),15,1
  1829. 51920,en,15,anusamvacchara,anusaṃvacchara,Anusaṃvacchara,Anusaṃvacchara,(adj.) [anu + saṃv°] yearly DhA.I,388 (nakkhattaṃ). Usually nt. <i>°ṃ</i> as adv. yearly,every year J.I,68; V,99. On use of anu in this comb<sup>n.</sup> see anu A a. (Page 43),14,1
  1830. 51941,en,15,anusamyayati,anusaṃyāyati,Anusaṃyāyati,Anusaṃyāyati,[anu + saṃ + yāyati] to traverse; to go up to,surround,visit (Acc.) M.I,209 (Bhagavantaṃ °itvā),J.IV,214 (v.l. anuyāyitvā). See also <i>anuyāti</i> and <i>anusaññāti</i>. (Page 43),12,1
  1831. 51966,en,15,anusancarati,anusañcarati,Anusañcarati,Anusañcarati,[anu + saṃ + carati] to walk along,to go round about,to visit M.I,279; S.V,53,301; J.I,202; III,502; PvA.279 (nagaraṃ). -- pp. <i>anusañcarita</i> (q. v.). (Page 43),12,1
  1832. 51976,en,15,anusancarita,anusañcarita,Anusañcarita,Anusañcarita,[pp. of anusañcarati] frequented,visited,resorted to Miln.387. (Page 43),12,1
  1833. 51985,en,15,anusanceteti,anusañceteti,Anusañceteti,Anusañceteti,[anu + saṃ + ceteti] to set ones mind on,concentrate,think over,meditate Pug.12. (Page 43),12,1
  1834. 51993,en,15,anusandahati,anusandahati,Anusandahati,Anusandahati,[anu + saṃ + <em>dhā</em>,cf. Vedic abhi + saṃ + <em>dhā</em>] to direct upon,to apply to A.IV,47 sq. (cittaṃ samāpattiyā; so to be read with v. l. for anusandati); Miln.63 (but here prob. to be read as <i>anusandati</i>,q.v.). (Page 43),12,1
  1835. 52002,en,15,anusandati,anusandati,Anusandati,Anusandati,[Vedic anusyandati,anu + <em>syad</em>] to stream along after,to follow,to be connected with. Thus to be read at Miln.63 for anusandahati (anuravati +; of sound),while at A.IV,47 the reading is to be corrected to <i>anusandahati</i>. (Page 43),10,1
  1836. 52015,en,15,anusandhanata,anusandhanatā,Anusandhanatā,Anusandhanatā,(f.) [= anusandhi] application,adjusting Dhs.8 (cittassa). (Page 43),13,1
  1837. 52038,en,15,anusandhi,anusandhi,Anusandhi,Anusandhi,(f.) [fr. anu + saṃ + <em>dhā</em>] connection,(logical) conclusion,application DA.I,122 (where 3 kinds are enum<sup>d.</sup>,viz. <i>pucchā°</i>,<i> ajjhāsayā°</i>,<i> yathā°</i>); Nett 14 (pucchato; Hard.,in Index “complete cessation”?!). Esp. freq. in (Jātaka) phrase <i>anusandhiṃ ghaṭeti</i> “to form the connection”,to draw the conclusion,to show the application of the story or point out its maxim J.I,106; 308; DhA.II,40,47; etc. (Page 43),9,1
  1838. 52090,en,15,anusannati,anusaññāti,Anusaññāti,Anusaññāti,[either anu + saṃ + <em>jñā</em> (jānāti) or (preferably) = anusaṃyāti as short form of anusaṃyāyati,like anuyāti › anuyāyati of anu + saṃ + <i>yā</i>,cf. Sk. anusaṃyāti in same meaning] to go to,to visit,inspect,control; ppr. med. <i>°saññāyamāna</i> Vin.III,43 (kammante); inf. <i>°saññātuṃ</i> A.I,68. (janapade). (Page 43),10,1
  1839. 52108,en,15,anusara,anusāra,Anusāra,Anusāra,[fr. anu + <em>sṛ</em>] “going along with”,following,conformity. Only in obl. eases (-°) <i>anusārena</i> (Instr.) in consequence of,in accordance with,according to J.I,8; PvA.187 (tad),227; and <i>anusārato</i> (Abl.) id. Sdhp.91. (Page 44),7,1
  1840. 52126,en,15,anusarati,anusarati,Anusarati,Anusarati,[anu + <em>sṛ</em>] to follow,conform oneself to S.IV,303 (phalaṃ anusarissati BB,but balaṃ anupadassati SS perhaps to be preferred). -- Caus. <i>anusāreti</i> to bring together with,to send up to or against Miln.36 (aññamaññaṃ a. anupeseti). (Page 44),9,1
  1841. 52134,en,15,anusareti,anusāreti,Anusāreti,Anusāreti,see anusarati. (Page 44),9,1
  1842. 52150,en,15,anusarin,anusārin,Anusārin,Anusārin,(-°) (adj.) [fr. anu + sarati] following,striving after,acting in accordance with,living up to or after. Freq. in formula <i>dhammânusārin saddhânusārin</i> living in conformity with the Norm &#38; the Faith D.III,254; M.I,142,479; S.III,225; V,200 sq.; A.I,74; IV,10; Pug.15. -- Cp. also S.I,15 (bhavasota°); IV,128 (id.); J.VI,444 (paṇḍitassa° = veyyāvaccakara C.); Sdhp.528 (attha°). (Page 44),8,1
  1843. 52161,en,15,anusasaka,anusāsaka,Anusāsaka,Anusāsaka,[fr. anusāsati] adviser,instructor,counsellor J.II,105; Miln.186,217,264. Cp. anusatthar. (Page 44),9,1
  1844. 52175,en,15,anusasana,anusāsana,Anusāsana,Anusāsana,(nt.) [Vedic anuśāsana,fr. anu + <em>śās</em>] advice,instruction,admonition D.III,107; A.I,292 (°pāṭihāriya,cp. anusāsanī); Miln.359. (Page 44),9,1
  1845. 52193,en,15,anusasani,anusāsanī,Anusāsanī,Anusāsanī,(f.) [fr. anusāsati,cp. anusāsana] instruction,teaching,commandment,order S.V,108; A.II,147; III,87; V,24 sq.,49,338; J.V,113; Th.2,172,180; Pv III,7<sup>6</sup>; ThA.162; VvA.19,80,81.<br><br> <i>--pāṭihāriya</i> (anusāsani°) the miracle of teaching,the wonder worked by the commandments (of the Buddha) Vin.II,200; D.I,212,214; III,220; A.I,170; V,327; J.III,323; Ps.II,227 sq. (Page 44),9,1
  1846. 52225,en,15,anusasati,anusāsati,Anusāsati,Anusāsati,[Vedic anuśāsati,anu + <em>sās</em>] 1. to advise,admonish,instruct in or give advice upon (c. Acc.) to exhort to Vin.I,83; D.I,135; II,154; Dh.77,159 (aññaṃ); J.VI,368; cp. I.10<sup>3</sup>; Pv.II,6<sup>8</sup>; PvA.148. -- grd. <i>anusāsiya</i> Vin.I,59; and <i>°sāsitabba</i> DhA.III,99. -- Pass <i>°sāsiyati</i> Vin.II,200; Miln.186. -- 2. to rule,govern (Acc.) ādminister to (Dat.) S.I,236 = Sn.1002 (paṭhaviṃ dhammenam-anusāsati,of a Cakkavattin); J.II,2; VI,517 (rajjassa = rajjaṃ C.,i. e. take care of) DA.I,246 (read °sāsantena); PvA.161 (rajjaṃ). -- pp. <i>anusiṭṭha</i> (q. v.); cp. anusatthar,anusatthi &#38; ovadati. (Page 44),9,1
  1847. 52272,en,15,anusata,anusaṭa,Anusaṭa,Anusaṭa,[Sk. anusṛta,pp. of anu + <em>sṛ</em>] sprinkled with (-°),bestrewn,scattered Vv 5<sup>3</sup> (paduma° magga = vippakiṇṇa VvA.36). (Page 43),7,1
  1848. 52279,en,15,anusatthar,anusatthar,Anusatthar,Anusatthar,[n. ag. to anu + <em>sās</em>,cf. Sk. anuśāsitṛ &#38; P. satthar] instructor,adviser J.IV,178 (ācariya +). Cp. anusāsaka. (Page 43),10,1
  1849. 52283,en,15,anusatthi,anusatthi,Anusatthi,Anusatthi,(f.) [Sk. anuśāsti,anu + <em>śās</em>,cp. anusāsana] admonition,rule,instruction J.I,241; Miln.98,172,186 (dhamma°),225,227,347. (Page 43),9,1
  1850. 52306,en,15,anusavati,anusavati,Anusavati,Anusavati,at S.II,54 (āsavā na a.; v. l. anusayanti) &#38; IV. 188 (akusalā dhammā na a.; v. l. anusenti) should preferably be read anusayati:see anuseti 2. (Page 44),9,1
  1851. 52340,en,15,anusaya,anusaya,Anusaya,Anusaya,[anu + <em>śī</em>,seti Sk. anuśaya has a diff. meaning] (see Kvu trsl. 234 n. 2 and Cpd. 172 n. 2). Bent,bias,proclivity,the persistance of a dormant or latent disposition,predisposition,tendency. Always in bad sense. In the oldest texts the word usually occurs absolutely,without mention of the cause or direction of the bias. So Sn. 14 = 369,545; M. III,31; S.III,130,IV.33,V,28 236; A. I.44; II,157; III,74,246,443. Or in the triplet obstinacy,prejudice and bias (<i>adhiṭṭhānâbhinivesânusayā</i>) S. II.17; III,10,135,161; A.V,III,Occasionally a source of the bias is mentioned. Thus pride at S. I.188; II,252 ff.,275; III,80,103,169,253; IV,41,197; A.I,132,IV.70 doubt at M. I.486 -- ignorance lust and hatred at S.IV,205,M.III,285. At D.III,254,282; S.V,60; and A.IV,9. we have a list of seven anusaya’s,the above five and delusion and craving for rebirth. Hence-forward these lists govern the connotation of the word; but it would be wrong to put that connotation back into the earlier passages. Later references are Ps.I,26,70 ff.,123,130,195; II,36,84,94,158; Pug.21; Vbh.340,383,356; Kvu 405 ff. Dpvs.I,42. (Page 44),7,1
  1852. 52452,en,15,anusayika,anusāyika,Anusāyika,Anusāyika,(adj.) [fr. anusaya] attached to one,i. e. inherent,chronic (of disease) M.II,70 (ābādha,v. l. BB anussāyika); DhA.I,431 (roga). (Page 44),9,1
  1853. 52458,en,15,anusayin,anusayin,Anusayin,Anusayin,(adj.) [fr. anusaya] D.II,283 (me dīgharatta°),“for me,so long obsessed (with doubts)”. The reading is uncertain. (Page 44),8,1
  1854. 52464,en,15,anusayita,anusayita,Anusayita,Anusayita,[pp. of anuseti,anu + <i>śī</i>] dormant,only in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>dīgharatta°</i> latent so long Th.1,768; Sn.355,649. Cp. anusaya &#38; anusayin. (Page 44),9,1
  1855. 52484,en,15,anuseti,anuseti,Anuseti,Anuseti,[anu + seti. cp. Sk. anuśayate or° śete,from <em>śī</em>] to “lie down with”,i. e. (1) trs. to dwell on,harp on (an idea) S.II,65; III,36; IV,208. -- 2. (of the idea) to obsess,to fill the mind persistently,to lie dormant &#38; be continually cropping up. M.I,40,108,433; S.II,54 (so read with SS for <i>anusavanti</i>) IV.188; A.I,283; III,246; Pug.32,48. -- pp. <i>anusayita</i> (q. v.). (Page 44),7,1
  1856. 52492,en,15,anusetthi,anuseṭṭhi,Anuseṭṭhi,Anuseṭṭhi,[anu + seṭṭhi] 1. an under-seṭṭhi (banker,merchant) J.V,384 (see anu B III,a.). -- 2. in redupl. cpd. <i>seṭṭhânuseṭṭhi</i> (see anu B IV) “bankers &#38; lesser bankers”,i. e. all kinds of well-to-do families J.VI,331. (Page 44),9,1
  1857. 52497,en,15,anusibbati,anusibbati,Anusibbati,Anusibbati,[anu + sibbati,<em>siv</em> to sew] to interweave Vin.III,336 (introd. to Sam. Pās.). (Page 44),10,1
  1858. 52518,en,15,anusikkhati,anusikkhati,Anusikkhati,Anusikkhati,[Vedic anuśikṣati; anu + Desid. of <em>śak</em>] to learn of somebody (Gen.); to follow one’s example,to imitate Vin.II,201 (ppr. med. °amāna); S.I,235; A.IV,282,286,323; Sn.294 (vattaṃ,cp. RV III,59,2:vratena śikṣati),934; J.I,89; II,98; III,315; V,334; VI,62; Th.1,963; Miln.61. -- Caus <i>anusikkhāpeti</i> to teach [= Sk. anuśikṣayati] Miln.352. (Page 44),11,1
  1859. 52529,en,15,anusikkhin,anusikkhin,Anusikkhin,Anusikkhin,(adj.) [fr. anusikhati] studying,learning M.I,100; Dh.226 (ahoratta° = divā ca rattiñ ca tisso sikkhā sikkhamāna DhA.III,324). (Page 44),10,1
  1860. 52552,en,15,anusittha,anusiṭṭha,Anusiṭṭha,Anusiṭṭha,(Vedic anuśiṣṭa,pp. of anusāsati] instructed,admonished,advised; ordered,commanded M.II,96; J.I,226; Pv.II,8<sup>11</sup>; Miln.284,349. (Page 44),9,1
  1861. 52576,en,15,anusocana,anusocana,Anusocana,Anusocana,(nt.) [abstr. fr. anusocati] bewailing,mourning PvA.65. (Page 44),9,1
  1862. 52594,en,15,anusocati,anusocati,Anusocati,Anusocati,[anu + socati] to mourn for,to bewail Sn.851 (atītaṃ na a.; cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 222); Pv.I,12<sup>7</sup>; II,6<sup>8</sup>; PvA.95. (Page 44),9,1
  1863. 52611,en,15,anusota°,anusota°,Anusota°,Anusota°,[anu + sota,in °ṃ as adv. or Acc. to expl<sup>n.</sup> under anu A a.] in <i>anusotaṃ</i> (adv.) along the stream or current,down-stream A.II,12; J.I,70 (opp. <i>paṭisotaṃ</i> against the stream); PvA.169 (Gaṅgāya a. āgacchanto).<br><br> <i>--gāmin</i> “one who follows the stream”,i. e. giving way to ones inclinations,following ones will A.II,5,6 (opp. paṭi°); Sn. 319 (= sotaṃ anugacchanto SnA. 330); Pug.62. (Page 44),8,1
  1864. 52633,en,15,anussada,anussada,Anussada,Anussada,(adj.) [an + ussada without haughtiness Sn.624 (vv. ll. anusaddha &#38; anussuda; SnA. 467 expl<sup>n.</sup> by taṇhā ussadâbhāva) = Dh.400 (which pass. has <i>anussuta</i>; v.l. K.B. anussada; DhA.IV,165 expl<sup>s.</sup> with taṇhā-ussāvâbhāva,vv. ll. °ussada°); It.97 (vv. ll. anussata &#38; anussara). (Page 45),8,1
  1865. 52677,en,15,anussarana,anussaraṇa,Anussaraṇa,Anussaraṇa,(nt.) [abstr. to anussarati] remembrance,memory,recollection It.107 (= anussati at id. p. S.V,67); PvA.25,29. (Page 45),10,1
  1866. 52717,en,15,anussarati,anussarati,Anussarati,Anussarati,[Vedic anusmarati,anu + <em>smṛ</em>] to remember,recollect,have memory of (Acc.),bear in mind; be aware of D.II,8,53,54 (jātito etc.); S.III,86 sq. (pubbenivāsaṃ); V,67 (dhammaṃ a. anuvitakketi),303 (kappasahassaṃ); A.I,25,164 (pubbenivāsaṃ),207 (Tathāgataṃ,Dhammaṃ etc.); III,285 (id.),323 (nivāsaṃ),418; V,34,38,132,199,336 (kalyāṇamitte); It.82 (dhammaṃ),98 (pubbenivāsaṃ); J.I,167; II,111; Dh.364; Pv.I,5<sup>9</sup>; Pug.60; Sdhp.580,587; DA.I,257; KhA 213; DhA.II,84; IV,95; PvA.29,53,69,79,107. -- pp. <i>anussarita</i> (see anussaritar). -- Caus <i>anussarāpeti</i> to remind someone,to call to mind J.II,147. (Page 45),10,1
  1867. 52739,en,15,anussaritar,anussaritar,Anussaritar,Anussaritar,[n. ag. to anussarita,pp. of anussarati] one who recollects or remembers S.V,197,225 (saritar +); A.V,25,28. (Page 45),11,1
  1868. 52769,en,15,anussati,anussati,Anussati,Anussati,(f.) [Sk. anusmṛti,fr. anu + <em>smṛ</em>,cp. sati] remembrance,recollection,thinking of,mindfulness. A late list of subjects to be kept in mind comprises six <i>anussati-ṭṭhānāni</i>,viz. <i>Buddha°</i>,<i> Dhamma°</i>,<i> Saṅgha°</i>,<i> sīla°</i>,<i> cāga°</i>,<i> devatā°</i>,i. e. proper attention to the Buddha,the Doctrines,the Church,to morality,charity,the gods. Thus at D.III,250,280 (cp. A.I,211); A.III,284,312 sq.,452; V,329 sq.; Ps.I,28. Expanded to 10 subjects (the above plus <i>ānāpāna-sati</i>,<i> maraṇa-sati</i>,<i> kāyagatā-sati</i>,<i> upasamânussati</i>) at A.I,30,42 (cp. Lal. Vist 34). For other references see D.I,81; S.V,67 = It.107 (anussaraṇa at latter pass.); A.III,284,325,452. Ps.I,48,95,186; Pug.25,60; Dhs.14,23,1350 (anussati here to be corr. to asati,see Dhs. trsl. 351); Sdhp. 225,231,482. See also anuttariya (anussat-ânuttariya). (Page 45),8,1
  1869. 52792,en,15,anussava,anussava,Anussava,Anussava,[anu + sava fr. <em>śru</em>,cp. Vedic śravas nt.] hearsay,report,tradition M.I,520; II,211; S.II,115; IV,138; A.I,26; J.I,158 (with ref. to part. kira = annussav’atthe nipāto; so also at VvA.322,cf. anussavana); II,396,430 (id.); IV,441; Instr. °ena from hearsay,by report A.II,191 (cf. itihītihaṃ). (Page 45),8,1
  1870. 52799,en,15,anussavaka,anussāvaka,Anussāvaka,Anussāvaka,[fr. anussāveti] one who proclaims or announces,a speaker (of a kammavācā) Vin.I,74. (Page 45),10,1
  1871. 52807,en,15,anussavana,anussavana,Anussavana,Anussavana,(nt.) [anu + savana fr. <em>śru</em>] = anussava PvA.103 (kira-saddo anussavane,from hearsay). (Page 45),10,1
  1872. 52812,en,15,anussavana,anussāvana,Anussāvana,Anussāvana,(nt.) &#38; °ā (f.) [fr. anussāveti] a proclamation Vin.I,317,340; V,170,186,202 sq. (Page 45),10,1
  1873. 52873,en,15,anussaveti,anussāveti,Anussāveti,Anussāveti,[anu + sāveti,Caus. of <em>śru</em>,cp. B.Sk. anuśrāvayati “to proclaim aloud the guilt of a criminal” AvŚ. I.102; II,182] to cause to be heard or sound; to proclaim,utter,speak out Vin.I,103 (°ssāviyamāna ppr. Pass.); II,48 (saddaṃ a.). -- pp. anussāvita. (Page 45),10,1
  1874. 52888,en,15,anussavika,anussavika,Anussavika,Anussavika,(adj.) [fr. anussava] “belonging to hearsay”,traditional; one who is familiar with tradition or who learns from hearsay M.I,520; II,211. Cp. anussutika. (Page 45),10,1
  1875. 52896,en,15,anussavita,anussāvita,Anussāvita,Anussāvita,[pp. of anussāveti] proclaimed,announced Vin.I,103. (Page 45),10,1
  1876. 52920,en,15,anussuka,anussuka,Anussuka,Anussuka,(adj.) [an + ussuka] free from greed Dh.199; cf. anussukin v. l. D.III,47,also anissukin and apalāsin. (Page 45),8,1
  1877. 52926,en,15,anussukita,anussukita,Anussukita,Anussukita,[an + ussuk°] VvA.74 &#38; anussukin Pug.23 = anussuka. (Page 45),10,1
  1878. 52944,en,15,anussuta,anussuta,Anussuta,Anussuta,<sup>2</sup> [anu + suta,pp. of <em>śru</em>] heard of; only in cpd. ananussuta unheard of S.II,9; Pug.14. (Page 45),8,1
  1879. 52945,en,15,anussuta,anussuta,Anussuta,Anussuta,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [an + ussuta,ud + sṛ] free from lust Dh.400 (= ussāvâvena anussuta C.). See also anussada. (Page 45),8,1
  1880. 52955,en,15,anussutika,anussutika,Anussutika,Anussutika,(adj.) [fr. anu + <em>śru</em>,cp. anussavika] according to tradition or report,one who goes by or learns from hearsay DA.I,106,107. (Page 45),10,1
  1881. 52959,en,15,anussuyyaka,anussuyyaka,Anussuyyaka,Anussuyyaka,see anusuyyaka. (Page 45),11,1
  1882. 52963,en,15,anusumbhati,anusumbhati,Anusumbhati,Anusumbhati,[anu + sumbhati (sobhati); <em>śubh</em> or (Vedic) <em>śumbh</em>] to adorn,embellish,prepare J.VI,76. (Page 44),11,1
  1883. 52968,en,15,anusunati,anusuṇāti,Anusuṇāti,Anusuṇāti,[anu + <em>śru</em>] to hear; pret. <i>anassuṃ</i> [Sk. anvaśruvaṃ] I heard M.I,333. (Page 44),9,1
  1884. 52986,en,15,anusuyyaka,anusuyyaka,Anusuyyaka,Anusuyyaka,(adj.) [an + usuyyaka] not envious,not jealous Sn.325 (= usuyyāvigamena a. SnA 332); J.II,192 (v. l. anussuyyaka); V,112. (Page 44),10,1
  1885. 52987,en,15,anusuyyam,anusuyyaṃ,Anusuyyaṃ,Anusuyyaṃ,[cp. Sk. anasūyaṃ] reading at J.III,27,see anasuyyaṃ. (Page 44),9,1
  1886. 53003,en,15,anutaleti,anutāḷeti,Anutāḷeti,Anutāḷeti,[anu + taḷeti] to beat J.II,280. (Page 36),9,1
  1887. 53010,en,15,anutapa,anutāpa,Anutāpa,Anutāpa,[fr. anu + <i>tāpa</i>] anguish,remorse,conscience Vv 40<sup>5</sup> (= vippaṭisāra VvA.180); DhsA.384. (Page 36),7,1
  1888. 53021,en,15,anutapin,anutāpin,Anutāpin,Anutāpin,(adj.) [fr. anutāpa] repenting,regretting Th.2,57,190; Vv 21; VvA.115. (Page 36),8,1
  1889. 53023,en,15,anutapiya,anutāpiya,Anutāpiya,Anutāpiya,grd. of <i>anutappati</i>,q. v. (Page 36),9,1
  1890. 53044,en,15,anutappati,anutappati,Anutappati,Anutappati,[anu + tappati<sup>1</sup>; Sk. anutapyate,Pass. of anutapati] to be sorry for,to regret,repent,feel remorse J.I,113; IV,358; v.492 (ppr. an-anutappaṃ); Dh.67,314; Pv.II,9<sup>42</sup>; DhA.II,40. grd. <i>anutappa</i> to be regretted A.I,22,77; III,294,and <i>anutāpiya</i> A.III,46 (an°). (Page 36),10,1
  1891. 53057,en,15,anuthera,anuthera,Anuthera,Anuthera,[anu + thera] an inferior Thera,one who comes next to the elder Vin.II,212 (<i>therânutherā</i> Th. &#38; next in age). (Page 36),8,1
  1892. 53079,en,15,anutire,anutīre,Anutīre,Anutīre,(adv.) [anu + tīre,Loc. of tīra] along side or near the bank (of a river) Sn.18 (= tīra-samīpe SnA 28). Cp. anu A b. (Page 36),7,1
  1893. 53090,en,15,anutitthati,anutiṭṭhati,Anutiṭṭhati,Anutiṭṭhati,[anu + tiṭṭhati see also anuṭṭhahati] to look after,to manage,carry on J v.113 (= anugacchati); PvA.78. (Page 36),11,1
  1894. 53106,en,15,anutrasin,anutrāsin,Anutrāsin,Anutrāsin,(adj.) [an + utrāsin] not terrified,at ease Th.1,864. (Page 36),9,1
  1895. 53120,en,15,anuttana,anuttāna,Anuttāna,Anuttāna,(adj.) [an + uttāna] not (lying) open,not exposed; fig. unexplained,unclear J.VI,247. (Page 36),8,1
  1896. 53149,en,15,anuttara,anuttara,Anuttara,Anuttara,(adj.) [an + uttara] “nothing higher”,without a superior,incomparable,second to none,unsurpassed,excellent,preeminent Sn.234 (= adhikassa kassaci abhāvato KhA 193),1003; Dh.23,55 (= asadisa appaṭibhāga DhA.I,423); Pv IV.3<sup>5 2</sup> (dhamma); Dhs.1294; DA.I,129; PvA.1,5,6,18,etc. (Page 36),8,1
  1897. 53171,en,15,anuttariya,anuttariya,Anuttariya,Anuttariya,(nt.) [abstr. fr. anuttara] preeminence,superiority,excellency; highest ideal,greatest good. They are mentioned as sets of 3 (viz. <i>dassana°</i>,<i> paṭipadā°</i>,<i> vimutti°</i>) at D.III,219,or of 6 (viz. <i>dassana°</i>,<i> savana°</i>,<i> lābha°</i>,<i> sikkhā°</i>,<i> pāricariyā°</i>,<i> anussata°</i>) at D.III,250,281; A.I,22; III,284,325 sq.,452; Ps.I,5. Cp. M.I,235; A v.37. See also ānuttariya. (Page 36),10,1
  1898. 53176,en,15,anuttariya,ānuttariya,Ānuttariya,Ānuttariya,(nt.) [see also anuttariya which as --° probably represents ānutt°] incomparableness,excellency,supreme ideal D.III,102 sq.; A.V,37. (Page 101),10,1
  1899. 53190,en,15,anutthahana,anuṭṭhahāna,Anuṭṭhahāna,Anuṭṭhahāna,(adj.) [ppr. of an + uṭṭhahati] one who does not rouse himself,not getting up,inactive Dh.280 (= anuṭṭhahanto avāyāmanto DhA.III,409). (Page 36),11,1
  1900. 53205,en,15,anutthahati,anuṭṭhahati,Anuṭṭhahati,Anuṭṭhahati,[anu + ṭhahati = °thāti,see °tiṭṭhati] to carry out,look after,practise do J v.121. -- pp. <i>anuṭṭhita</i> (q. v.). (Page 36),11,1
  1901. 53212,en,15,anutthaka,anuṭṭhaka,Anuṭṭhaka,Anuṭṭhaka,(adj.) [fr. an + uṭṭhahati] not rising,not rousing oneself,inactive,lazy Th.1,1033. (Page 35),9,1
  1902. 53221,en,15,anutthana,anuṭṭhāna,Anuṭṭhāna,Anuṭṭhāna,(nt.) [an + uṭṭhāna] “the not getting up”,inactivity,want of energy Dh.241 (sarīra-paṭijagganaṃ akaronto DhA.III,347). (Page 36),9,1
  1903. 53248,en,15,anutthatar,anuṭṭhātar,Anuṭṭhātar,Anuṭṭhātar,[n. ag. to an + uṭṭhahati] one without energy or zeal Sn.96 (niddāsīlin sabhāsīlin +) SnA 169 (= viriya-tejavirahita). (Page 36),10,1
  1904. 53262,en,15,anutthita,anuṭṭhita,Anuṭṭhita,Anuṭṭhita,[pp. of anuṭṭhati = anutiṭṭhati] practising,effecting or effected,come to,experienced,done D.II,103; S.IV,200; A.III,290 sq.; IV,300; J.II,61; Miln.198; PvA.132 (cp. anugata). (Page 36),9,1
  1905. 53274,en,15,anutthubhati,anuṭṭhubhati,Anuṭṭhubhati,Anuṭṭhubhati,[formally Sk. anuṣṭobhati,but in meaning = *anuṣṭīvati; anu + ṭṭhubhati,the etym. of which see under niṭṭhubhati] to lick up with one’s saliva DA.I,138. (Page 36),12,1
  1906. 53284,en,15,anutthuna,anutthunā,Anutthunā,Anutthunā,(f.) [fr. anutthunāti] wailing,crying,lamenting Nd<sup>1</sup> 167 (= vācāpalāpa vippalāpa etc.). (Page 36),9,1
  1907. 53308,en,15,anutthunati,anutthunāti,Anutthunāti,Anutthunāti,[anu + thunati (thunāti); anu + <em>stan</em>] to wail,moan,deplore,lament,bewail D.III,86; Sn.827 (cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 167); Dh.156; J.III,115; v.346,479; DhA.III,133; PvA.60 (wrongly applied for ghāyati,of the fire of conscience). (Page 36),11,1
  1908. 53313,en,15,anutthurin,anuṭṭhurin,Anuṭṭhurin,Anuṭṭhurin,v. l. at SnA 569,see <i>niṭṭhurin</i>. (Page 36),10,1
  1909. 53330,en,15,anuvaceti,anuvāceti,Anuvāceti,Anuvāceti,[anu + Caus. of <em>vac</em>] to say after,to repeat (words),to recite or make recite after or again D.I,104 (= tehi aññesaṃ vācitaṃ anuvācenti DA.I,273); Miln.345. Cp. anubhāseti. (Page 42),9,1
  1910. 53340,en,15,anuvada,anuvāda,Anuvāda,Anuvāda,[fr. anuvadatī,cp. Sk. anuvāda in meaning of “repetition”] 1. blaming,censure,admonition Vin.II,5,32; A.II,121 (atta°,para°); Vbh.376. -- 2. in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>vādânuvāda</i>:talk and lesser or additional talk,i. e. “small talk” (see anu B IV.) D.I,161; M.I,368.<br><br> <i>--adhikaraṇa</i> a question or case of censure Vin.II,88 sq.; III,164 (one of the 4 adhikaraṇāni,q. v.). (Page 42),7,1
  1911. 53362,en,15,anuvadana,anuvadanā,Anuvadanā,Anuvadanā,(f.) [fr. anuvadati] blaming,blame,censure Vin.II,88 (anuvāda +). (Page 42),9,1
  1912. 53386,en,15,anuvadati,anuvadati,Anuvadati,Anuvadati,[Sk. ava°; anu + vadati] to blame,censure,reproach Vin.II,80,88. -- grd. <i>anuvajja</i> (q. v.). (Page 42),9,1
  1913. 53418,en,15,anuvajja,anuvajja,Anuvajja,Anuvajja,(adj.) [grd. of anu + vadati,cp. anuvāda &#38; Sk. avavadya] to be blamed,censurable,worthy of reproach Sn.p. 78 (an° = anuvādavimutta SnA 396). (Page 42),8,1
  1914. 53428,en,15,anuvasana,anuvāsana,Anuvāsana,Anuvāsana,(nt.) [fr. anuvāseti] an oily enema,an injection Miln.353. (Page 42),9,1
  1915. 53439,en,15,anuvasati,anuvasati,Anuvasati,Anuvasati,[anu + vasati] to live with somebody,to dwell,inhabit J.II,421. Caus. <i>°vāseti</i> to pass,spend (time) J.VI,296. -- pp. <i>°vuttha</i> (q. v.). (Page 42),9,1
  1916. 53451,en,15,anuvaseti,anuvāseti,Anuvāseti,Anuvāseti,[anu + vāseti,Caus. of vāsa<sup>3</sup> odour,perfume] to treat with fragrant oil,i. e. to make an injection or give an enema of salubrious oil Miln.169; grd. <i>°vāsanīya</i> ibid.; pp. <i>°vāsita</i> Miln.214. (Page 42),9,1
  1917. 53473,en,15,anuvassam,anuvassaṃ,Anuvassaṃ,Anuvassaṃ,(adv.) [anu + vassa] for one rainy season; every rainy season or year,i. e. annually C. on Th.1,24. (Page 42),9,1
  1918. 53479,en,15,anuvassika,anuvassika,Anuvassika,Anuvassika,(adj.) [fr. anuvassaṃ] one who has (just) passed one rainy season Th.1,24 (“scarce have the rains gone by” Mrs. Rh. D.; see trsl. p. 29 n. 2). (Page 42),10,1
  1919. 53489,en,15,anuvata,anuvāta,Anuvāta,Anuvāta,<sup>2</sup> [anu + <em>vā</em> to weave (?) in analogy to vāta from <em>vā</em> to blow] only in connection with the making of the bhikkhus’garments <i>(cīvara)</i> “weaving on,supplementary weaving,or along the seam”,i. e. hem,seam,binding Vin.I,254,297; II,177; IV,121 (aggala +); PvA.73 (anuvāte appabhonte since the binding was insufficient). (Page 42),7,1
  1920. 53490,en,15,anuvata,anuvāta,Anuvāta,Anuvāta,<sup>1</sup> [anu + <em>vā</em> to blow] a forward wind,the wind that blows from behind,a favourable wind; <i>°ṃ</i> adv. with the wind,in the direction of the wind (opp. <i>paṭivātaṃ</i>). A.I,226 (°paṭivātaṃ); Sdhp.425 (paṭivāta°). In <i>anuvāte</i> (anu + vāte) at J.II,382 “with the wind,facing the w.,in front of the wind” anu is to be taken as prep. c. Loc. &#38; to be separated from vāte (see anu A b.). (Page 42),7,1
  1921. 53519,en,15,anuvattaka,anuvattaka,Anuvattaka,Anuvattaka,(adj.) [fr. anuvatteti] 1. = <i>anupavattaka</i> (q. v.) Th.1,1014 (cakka°). -- 2. following,siding with (-°) Vin.IV,218 (ukkhittânuvattikā f.). (Page 42),10,1
  1922. 53532,en,15,anuvattana,anuvattana,Anuvattana,Anuvattana,(nt.) [abstr. fr. anuvattati] complying with,conformity with (-°),compliance,observance,obedience J.I,367 (dhamma°); V,78. (Page 42),10,1
  1923. 53561,en,15,anuvattati,anuvattati,Anuvattati,Anuvattati,[Sk. anuvartati,anu + vattati] 1. to follow,imitate,follow one’s example (c. Acc.),to be obedient D.II,244; Vin.II,309 (Bdhgh.); IV,218; J.I,125,300; DA.I,288; PvA.19. -- 2. to practice,execute Pv IV. 7<sup>12</sup>. -- Caus. <i>°vatteti</i> (q. v.). (Page 42),10,1
  1924. 53573,en,15,anuvatteti,anuvatteti,Anuvatteti,Anuvatteti,[anu + vatteti] = <i>anupavatteti</i> (q. v.) Th.1,826 (dhammacakkaṃ:“after his example turn the wheel” Mrs. Rh. D.). (Page 42),10,1
  1925. 53590,en,15,anuvattin,anuvattin,Anuvattin,Anuvattin,(adj.) [fr. anuvattati] following,acting according to or in conformity with (-°),obedient J.II,348 (f. °inī); III,319 (id.); Dh.86 (dhamma°); Vv 15<sup>5</sup> (vasa° = anukūlabhāvena vattana sīla VvA.71); DhA.II,161. (Page 42),9,1
  1926. 53611,en,15,anuvejja,anuvejja,Anuvejja,Anuvejja,(adj.) in an° see <i>anuvijjati</i>. (Page 43),8,1
  1927. 53617,en,15,anuvicara,anuvicāra,Anuvicāra,Anuvicāra,[anu + vicāra,cf. anuvicāreti] meditation,reflexion,thought Dhs.85 (= <i>vicāra</i>). (Page 43),9,1
  1928. 53645,en,15,anuvicarati,anuvicarati,Anuvicarati,Anuvicarati,[anu + vi + carati] to wander about,stroll roam through,explore D.I,235; J.II,128; III,188; PvA.189 (= anupariyāti). -- Caus. <i>°vicāreti</i> to think over (lit. to make one’s mind wander over),to meditate,ponder (cp. anuvicinteti); always comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>anuvitakketi</i> (q. v.) A.I,264 (cetasā),III,178 (dhammaṃ cetasā a.). -- pp. <i>anuvicarita</i> (q. v.). (Page 43),11,1
  1929. 53664,en,15,anuvicarita,anuvicarita,Anuvicarita,Anuvicarita,[pp. of anuvicāreti] reflected,pondered over,thought out S.III,203 (manasā); DA.I,106 (= <i>anucarita</i>). (Page 43),11,1
  1930. 53680,en,15,anuvicca,anuvicca,Anuvicca,Anuvicca,[ger. of anuvijjati,for the regular from <i>anuvijja</i> prob. through influence of anu + <i>i</i> (anu-v-icca for anvicca),cf. anveti &#38; adhicca; &#38; see anuvijjati] having known or found out,knowing well or thoroughly,testing,finding out M.I,301,361 (v. l. <i>°vijja</i>); A.II,3,84; V,88; Dh.229 (= jānitvā DhA.III,329); Sn.530 (= anuviditvā SnA 431); J.I,459 (= jānitvā C.); III,426; Pug. 49.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> a thorough investigation,examination,test Vin.I,236 (here spelt <i>anuvijja</i>) = M.I,379 (= °viditvā C.) = A.IV,185. (Page 43),8,1
  1931. 53695,en,15,anuvicinaka,anuvicinaka,Anuvicinaka,Anuvicinaka,[fr. anu + vicināti] one who examines,an examiner Miln.365. (Page 43),11,1
  1932. 53717,en,15,anuvicinteti,anuvicinteti,Anuvicinteti,Anuvicinteti,[anu + vi + cinteti] to think or ponder over,to meditate D.II,203; S I 203 (yoniso °cintaya,imper. “marshall thy thoughts in ordered governance” Mrs. Rh. D.; v. l. anucintaya); Th.1,747; Dh.364; It.82 (dhammaṃ °ayaṃ); J.III,396; IV,227; V,223 (dhammaṃ °cintayanto). (Page 43),12,1
  1933. 53728,en,15,anuviddha,anuviddha,Anuviddha,Anuviddha,(adj.) [pp. of anuvijjhati] pierced,intertwined or set with (-°) VvA.278. (Page 43),9,1
  1934. 53750,en,15,anuvidhiyana,anuvidhīyanā,Anuvidhīyanā,Anuvidhīyanā,(f.) [abstr. fr. anuvidhīyati] acting according to,conformity with M.I,43. (Page 43),12,1
  1935. 53766,en,15,anuvidhiyati,anuvidhīyati,Anuvidhīyati,Anuvidhīyati,[cf. Sk. anuvidhīyate &#38; adj. anuvidhāyin; Pass. of anu + vi + <i>dhā</i>,cf. vidahati] to act in conformity with,to follow (instruction) M.II,105 = Th.1,875; S.IV,199; J.II,98; III,357. (Page 43),12,1
  1936. 53780,en,15,anuvidita,anuvidita,Anuvidita,Anuvidita,[pp. of anuvijjati] found out,recognised; one who has found out or knows well Sn.528,530 (= anubuddha SnA. 431). Same in B.Sk.,e.g. M Vastu III,398. (Page 43),9,1
  1937. 53791,en,15,anuviganeti,anuvigaṇeti,Anuvigaṇeti,Anuvigaṇeti,[anu + vi + gaṇeti] to take care of,regard,heed,consider Th.1,109. (Page 42),11,1
  1938. 53806,en,15,anuvijjaka,anuvijjaka,Anuvijjaka,Anuvijjaka,[fr. anuvijja,ger. of anuvijjati] one who finds out,an examiner Vin.V,161. (Page 43),10,1
  1939. 53833,en,15,anuvijjati,anuvijjati,Anuvijjati,Anuvijjati,[anu + vid,with fusion of Vedic vetti to know,and Pass. of vindati to find (= vidyate)] to know thoroughly,to find out,to trace,to come to know; inf. <i>°vijjitiṃ</i> J.III,506; ger. <i>°viditvā</i> SnA. 431,also <i>°vijja </i>&<i> vicca</i> (see both under anuvicca); grd. <i>ananuvejja</i> not to be known,unfathomable,unknowable M.I,140 (Tathāgato ananuvejjo). -- Caus. <i>anuvijjāpeti</i> to make some one find out J.V,162. -- pp. <i>anuvidita</i> (q. v.). (Page 43),10,1
  1940. 53840,en,15,anuvijjhati,anuvijjhati,Anuvijjhati,Anuvijjhati,[anu + <em>vyadh</em>] 1. to pierce or be pierced,to be struck or hurt with (Instr.) J.VI,439 -- 2. to be affected with,to fall into,to incur DhA.III,380 (aparādhaṃ). -- pp. <i>anuviddha</i> (q. v.). (Page 43),11,1
  1941. 53859,en,15,anuvikkhitta,anuvikkhitta,Anuvikkhitta,Anuvikkhitta,(adj.) [anu + vi + khitta,pp. of anu + vikkhipati] dispersed over S.V,277 sq. (+ anuvisaṭa). (Page 42),12,1
  1942. 53889,en,15,anuviloketi,anuviloketi,Anuviloketi,Anuviloketi,[anu + vi + loketi; B.Sk. anuvilokayati] to look round at,look over,survey,muster M.I,339; Sn.p. 140; J.I,53; Miln.7 (lakaṃ),21 (parisaṃ),230. (Page 43),11,1
  1943. 53900,en,15,anuvisata,anuvisaṭa,Anuvisaṭa,Anuvisaṭa,(anu + visaṭa,pp. of anu + vi + <em>sṛ</em>] spread over S.V,277 sq.; J.IV,102. (Page 43),9,1
  1944. 53918,en,15,anuvitakketi,anuvitakketi,Anuvitakketi,Anuvitakketi,[anu + vi + takketi] to reflect,think,ponder over,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>anuvicāreti</i> D.I,119; III,242; S.V,67 = It.107 (anussarati +); A.III,383. (Page 43),12,1
  1945. 53926,en,15,anuvivatta,anuvivaṭṭa,Anuvivaṭṭa,Anuvivaṭṭa,[anu + vivaṭṭa] an “after-evolution”,devolution; as part of a bhikkhu’s dress:a sub-vivaṭṭa (q. v.) Vin.I,287 (<i>vivaṭṭa</i> +). (Page 43),10,1
  1946. 53939,en,15,anuvuttha,anuvuttha,Anuvuttha,Anuvuttha,[pp. of anuvasati,cf. Sk. anūṣita] living with,staying,dwelling J.II,42 (cira°); V,445 (id.). (Page 43),9,1
  1947. 53950,en,15,anuvyanjana,anuvyañjana,Anuvyañjana,Anuvyañjana, &#38; anubyañjana (e. g. Vin.IV,15; J.I,12) (nt.) [anu + vyañjana] accompanying (i. e. secondary) attribute,minor or inferior characteristic,supplementary or additional sign or mark (cf. mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇa) Vin.I,65 (Abl. anuvyañjanaso “in detail”); M.III,126; S.IV,168; A.IV,279 (Abl.); V,73 sq.; Pug.24,58; Miln.339; VvA.315; DhsA.400.<br><br> <i>--gāhin</i> taking up or occupying oneself with details,taken up with lesser or inferior marks D.I,70 (cf. MVastu III,52); III,225; S.IV,104; A.I,113; II,16,152 sq.; Dhs.1345 (cf. Dhs.trsl. 351). (Page 43),11,1
  1948. 53961,en,15,anuyagin,anuyāgin,Anuyāgin,Anuyāgin,(adj) [fr. anu + <em>yaj</em>] offering after the example of another D.I,142. (Page 41),8,1
  1949. 53966,en,15,anuyanta,anuyanta,Anuyanta,Anuyanta,at A.V,22 is doubtful reading (v.l. <i>anuyutta</i>). The meaning is either “inferior to,dependent on,a subject of,a vassal” or “attending on”. The explanation may compare Sk. anuyātaṃ attendance [anu + <i>yā</i>,cp. anuyāyin] or Sk. yantṛ ruler [<i>yam</i>],in which latter case anu-yantṛ would be “an inferior ruler” and P. yanta would represent the n. a.g. yantā as a-stem. The v. l. is perhaps preferable as long as other passages with anuyanta are not found (see <i>anuyutta</i> 2). (Page 41),8,1
  1950. 53978,en,15,anuyata,anuyāta,Anuyāta,Anuyāta,[pp. of anuyāti] gone through or after,followed,pursued S.II,105 (magga); A.V,236; It.29; Miln.217. (Page 41),7,1
  1951. 53989,en,15,anuyati,anuyāti,Anuyāti,Anuyāti,( &#38; anuyāyati) [anu + <em>yā</em>] 1. to go after,to follow J.VI,49 (fut. °yissati),499 (yāyantaṃ anuyāyati = anugacchati C). -- 2. to go along by,to go over,to visit Miln.391 (°yāyati). -- pp. <i>anuyāta</i> (q. v.). See also anusaṃyāyati. (Page 41),7,1
  1952. 54007,en,15,anuyayin,anuyāyin,Anuyāyin,Anuyāyin,(adj.) [cp. Sk. anuyāyin,anu + <em>yā</em>] going after,following,subject to (Gen.) Sn.1017 (anânuyāyin); J.VI,309; Miln.284. (Page 41),8,1
  1953. 54016,en,15,anuyoga,anuyoga,Anuyoga,Anuyoga,[Sk. anuyoga,fr. anu + <em>yuj</em>] 1. application,devotion to (-°),execution,practice of (-°); often comb<sup>d.</sup> with anuyutta in phrase <i>°anuyogaṃ anuyutta = practisiṅg</i>,e. g. Vin.I,190 (maṇḍan’ânuyogaṃ anuyutta); D.III,113 (attakilamath’ânuyogaṃ a.); A.II,205 (attaparitāpan’ânuyogaṃ a.). -- As adj. (-°) doing,given to,practising (cp. anuyutta). D.I,5; III,107; M.I,385; S.I,182; III,239; IV,330; V,320; A.I,14; III,249; IV,460 sq.; V,17 sq.,205; J.I,90 (padhān’ânuyogakiccaṃ); Vv 84<sup>38</sup> (dhamma°); Miln.348; DA.I,78,104. -- 2. invitation,appeal,question (cp. anuyuñjati 2) Miln.10 (ācariyassa °ṃ datvā). (Page 41),7,1
  1954. 54033,en,15,anuyogavant,anuyogavant,Anuyogavant,Anuyogavant,(adj.) [anuyoga + vant] applying oneself to,full of application or zeal,devoted PvA.207. (Page 41),11,1
  1955. 54049,en,15,anuyogin,anuyogin,Anuyogin,Anuyogin,(adj.) [fr. anuyoga] applying oneself to,devoted to (-°) Dh.209 (atta° given to oneself,self-concentrated). (Page 41),8,1
  1956. 54062,en,15,anuyunjana,anuyuñjanā,Anuyuñjanā,Anuyuñjanā,(f.) ( &#38; <i>°yuñjana</i> nt.) [abstr. fr. anuyuñjati] application or devotion to (-°) Miln.178; VvA.346 (anuyujjanaṃ wrong spelling?) (Page 41),10,1
  1957. 54078,en,15,anuyunjati,anuyuñjati,Anuyuñjati,Anuyuñjati,[anu + yuñjati] 1. to practice,give oneself up to (Acc.),attend,pursue S.I,25,122 (°yuñjan “in loving self-devotion” Mrs. Rh. D.); III,154; IV,104,175; Dh.26 (pamādaṃ = <i>pavatteti</i> DhA.I,257),247 (surāmeraya-pānaṃ = <i>sevati</i> bahulīkaroti DhA.III,356); PvA.61 (kammaṭṭhānaṃ). -- 2. to ask a question,to call to account,take to task Vin.II,79; Vv 33<sup>5</sup>; ppr. Pass. <i>°yuñjiyamāna</i> PvA.192. -- pp. <i>anuyutta</i> (q. v.). -- Caus. <i>anuyojeti</i> “to put to”,to address,admonish,exhort DhA.IV,20. (Page 41),10,1
  1958. 54102,en,15,anuyutta,anuyutta,Anuyutta,Anuyutta,[pp. of anuyuñjati] 1. applying oneself to,dealing with,practising,given to,intent upon D.I,166,167; III,232 = A.II,205 (attaparitāpan’ânuyogaṃ a.); S.III,153; IV,104; Sn.663 (lobhaguṇe),814 (methunaṃ = <i>samāyutta</i> SnA 536),972 (jhān°); Pug.55; PvA.163 (jāgariya°),206. -- 2. following,attending on; an attendant,inferior,vassal,in expression <i>khattiya</i> or <i>rājā anuyutta</i> a prince royal or a smaller king (see khattiya 3 b) A.V,22 (v l. for T. anuyanta,q. v.); Sn.553 (= <i>anugāmin</i>,<i> sevaka</i> SnA 453). (Page 41),8,1
  1959. 54134,en,15,anvaddhamasam,anvaḍḍhamāsaṃ,Anvaḍḍhamāsaṃ,Anvaḍḍhamāsaṃ,(adv.) [anu + aḍḍha + māsa] every fortnight,twice a month M.II,8; Vin.IV,315 (= anuposathikaṃ); DhA.I,162; II,25. (Page 49),13,1
  1960. 54151,en,15,anvadeva,anvadeva,Anvadeva,Anvadeva,(adv.) [anva-d-eva with euphonic d.; like sammad-eva corresponding to Sk. anvag-eva] behind,after,later D.I,172; M.III,172; S.V,1 (spelt anudeva); A.I,11; V,214; It.34. (Page 49),8,1
  1961. 54160,en,15,anvadhika,anvādhika,Anvādhika,Anvādhika,(adj.) [derivation uncertain] a tailoring term. Only at Vin.I,297. Rendered (Vinaya Texts II.232) by “half and half” ; that is a patchwork,half of new material,half of old. Bdhgh’s note (see the text,p. 392) adds that the new material must be cut up. (Page 49),9,1
  1962. 54169,en,15,anvadisati,anvādisati,Anvādisati,Anvādisati,[anu + ā + disati] to advise,dedicate,assign; imper. °disāhi Pv.II,2<sup>6</sup> (= uddissa dehi PvA.80); III,2<sup>8</sup> (= ādisa PvA.181). (Page 49),10,1
  1963. 54182,en,15,anvaga,anvagā,Anvagā,Anvagā,3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of anugacchati Mhvs 7,10. Also in assim. form <i>annagā</i> J.V,258. (Page 49),6,1
  1964. 54188,en,15,anvagacchati,anvāgacchati,Anvāgacchati,Anvāgacchati,[anu + ā + gacchati] 1. to go along after,to follow,run after,pursue; aor. <i>anvāgacchi</i> Pv. IV.5<sup>6</sup> (= anubandhi PvA.260). -- 2. to come back again J.I,454 (ger. °gantvāna). -- pp. <i>anvāgata</i> (q. v.). (Page 49),12,1
  1965. 54200,en,15,anvagata,anvāgata,Anvāgata,Anvāgata,[pp. of anvāgacchati] having pursued,attained; endowed with Th.1,63; J.IV,385; V,4. (Page 49),8,1
  1966. 54211,en,15,anvagu,anvagū,Anvagū,Anvagū,3<sup>rd</sup> pl. aor. of anugacchati S.I,39; Sn.586. (Page 49),6,1
  1967. 54221,en,15,anvaham,anvahaṃ,Anvahaṃ,Anvahaṃ,(adv.) [anu + aha] every day,daily Dāvs.IV,8. (Page 49),7,1
  1968. 54231,en,15,anvahata,anvāhata,Anvāhata,Anvāhata,[pp. of anu + ā + <em>han</em>] struck,beaten; perplexed Dh.39 (°cetasa). (Page 50),8,1
  1969. 54243,en,15,anvahindati,anvāhiṇḍati,Anvāhiṇḍati,Anvāhiṇḍati,[anu + ā + hiṇḍati] to wander to (Acc.) A.IV,374,376 [BSk. same,e. g. Divy 68 etc.]. (Page 50),11,1
  1970. 54252,en,15,anvakasi,anvakāsi,Anvakāsi,Anvakāsi,3<sup>rd</sup> sg. aor. of anukassati 2:drew out,removed,threw down Th.1,869 (= khipi,chaḍḍesi C.). (Page 49),8,1
  1971. 54258,en,15,anvakkhara,anvakkhara,Anvakkhara,Anvakkhara,(adj.) [anu + akkhara] “according to the syltable”,syll. after syll.,also a mode of reciting by syllables Vin.IV,15,cp. 355. Cp. anupadaṃ. (Page 49),10,1
  1972. 54262,en,15,anvamaddati,anvāmaddati,Anvāmaddati,Anvāmaddati,[anu + ā + maddati] to squeeze,wring J.III,481 (galakaṃ anvāmaddi wrung his neck; vv. ll. anvānumaṭṭi &#38; anvāvamaddi; C. gīvaṃ maddi). (Page 49),11,1
  1973. 54266,en,15,anvarohati,anvārohati,Anvārohati,Anvārohati,[anu + ā + rohati] to go up to,visit,ascend J.IV,465 (aor. anvāruhi). (Page 49),10,1
  1974. 54272,en,15,anvasanna,anvāsanna,Anvāsanna,Anvāsanna,[pp. of anu + ā + <em>sad</em>] endowed with,possessed of,attacked by,Ud.35 (doubtfull; v. l. ajjhāpanna),= A.IV,356 which has <i>anvāsatta</i>. (Page 50),9,1
  1975. 54277,en,15,anvasatta,anvāsatta,Anvāsatta,Anvāsatta,[pp. of anu + ā + <em>sañj</em>,cp. anusatta = Sk. anusakta] clung on to,befallen by (Instr.),attached to A.IV,356 (v. l. anvāhata),cp. Ud.35 (anvāsanna q. v.). See also foll. (Page 50),9,1
  1976. 54281,en,15,anvasattata,anvāsattatā,Anvāsattatā,Anvāsattatā,(f.) [abstr. fr. anvāsatta] being attacked by,falling a prey to (Instr.),attachment to DhA.I,287 (in same context as anvāsatta A.IV,356 &#38; anvāsanna Ud.35). (Page 50),11,1
  1977. 54292,en,15,anvassavati,anvāssavati,Anvāssavati,Anvāssavati,[anu + ā + savati,<em>sru</em>] to stream into,to attack,befall D.I,70; A.III,99; Pug.20,58. (Page 50),11,1
  1978. 54304,en,15,anvattha,anvattha,Anvattha,Anvattha,(adj.) [anu + attha] according to the sense,answering to the matter,having scnse ThA.6 (°saññābhāva). (Page 49),8,1
  1979. 54333,en,15,anvavassa,anvāvassa,Anvāvassa,Anvāvassa,at J.V,317 should be read with v. l. BB as <i>anovassa</i> absence of rain. (Page 50),9,1
  1980. 54352,en,15,anvavisati,anvāvisati,Anvāvisati,Anvāvisati,[anu + ā + visati] to go into,to take possession of,to visit M.I,326; S.I,67; Miln.156. -- pp. <i>anvāviṭṭha</i> (q. v.). Cp. adhimuccati. (Page 50),10,1
  1981. 54366,en,15,anvavittha,anvāviṭṭha,Anvāviṭṭha,Anvāviṭṭha,[pp. of anvāvisati] possessed (by evil spirits) S.I,114. (Page 50),10,1
  1982. 54376,en,15,anvaya,anvaya,Anvaya,Anvaya,(n.-adj.) [Vedic anvaya in diff. meaning; fr. anu + <i>i</i>,see anveti &#38; anvāya] 1. (n.) conformity,accordance D.II,83 = III,100; M.I,69 (dhamm° logical conclusion of); S.II,58; D.III,226 (anvaye ñāṇaṃ); Pv.II,11<sup>3</sup> (tassa kammassa anvāya,v. l. BB anvaya &#38; anvāya; accordingly,according to = paccayā PvA.147); PvA.228 (anvayato,adv. in accordance). -- 2. (adj.) following,having the same course,behaving according to,consequential,in conformity with (-°) D.I,46 (tad°); M.I,238 (kāyo citt° acting in conformity to the mind,obeying the mind); Sn.254 (an° inconsistent); It.79 (tass°). -- dur° spelt <i>durannaya</i> conforming with difficulty,hard to manage or to find out Dh.92 (gati = na sakkā paññāpetuṃ DhA.II,173); Sn.243,251 (= duviññāpaya SnA 287 dunneyya ibid. 293). (Page 49),6,1
  1983. 54387,en,15,anvaya,anvāya,Anvāya,Anvāya,[ger. of anveti; cp. anvaya] undergoing,experiencing,attaining; as prep. (c. Acc.) in consequence of,through,after D.I,13 (ātappaṃ by means of self-sacrifice),97 (saṃvāsaṃ as a result of their cohabitation); J.I,56 (buddhiṃ),127 (piyasaṃvāsaṃ),148 (gabbhaparipākaṃ). Often in phrase <i>vuddhiṃ anvāya</i> growing up,e. g. J.I,278; III,126; DhA.II,87. (Page 49),6,1
  1984. 54401,en,15,anvayata,anvayatā,Anvayatā,Anvayatā,(f.) [abstr. to anvaya] conformity,accordance M.I,500 (kāy° giving in to the body). (Page 49),8,1
  1985. 54409,en,15,anvayika,anvāyika,Anvāyika,Anvāyika,(adj.-n.) [fr. anvāya] following; one who follows,a companion D.III,169; Nd<sup>2</sup> 59; J.III,348. (Page 49),8,1
  1986. 54415,en,15,anvesa,anvesa,Anvesa,Anvesa,[from next] seeking,searching,investigation,M.I,140 (°ṃ n’âdhigacchanti do not find). (Page 50),6,1
  1987. 54441,en,15,anvesati,anvesati,Anvesati,Anvesati,[anu + esati] to look,for search,seek S.I,112 (ppr. anvesaṃ = pariyesamāna C.); Cp III,11<sup>7</sup> (ppr. anvesanto). -- aor. <i>anvesi</i> [Sk. anveṣi fr. icchati] Pv.II,6<sup>20</sup> (? perhaps better with v. l. PvA.99 as anventi of anveti). (Page 50),8,1
  1988. 54455,en,15,anvesin,anvesin,Anvesin,Anvesin,[anu-esin] (adj.) striving after,seeking,wishing for Sn.965 (kusala°). (Page 50),7,1
  1989. 54472,en,15,anveti,anveti,Anveti,Anveti,[cp. anu + eti,from <i>i</i>] to follow,approach,go with Sn.1103 (= anugacchati anvāyiko hoti Nd<sup>2</sup> 59); Dh.1 (= kāyikaṃ . . . dukkhaṃ anugacchati DhA.I,24),2,71,124; perhaps at Pv.II,6<sup>20</sup> (with v. l. BB at PvA.99) for <i>anvesi</i> (see anvesati; expl<sup>d.</sup> by anudesi = was anxious for,helped,instructed). (Page 50),6,1
  1990. 54496,en,15,apa°,apa°,Apa°,Apa°,[Vedic apa; Idg. *apo = Gr. a]pό,Av. apa,Lat. ab from *ap (cp. aperio); Goth. af,Ger. ab,Ags. E. of. ‹-› A compar. form fr. apa is apara “further away”] Welldefined directional prefix,meaning “away from,off”. Usually as base-prefix (except with ā), &#38; very seldom in comp<sup>n.</sup> with other modifying prefixes (like sam,abhi etc.). ‹-› 1. <i>apa</i> = Vedic <i>apa</i> (Idg. *apo):apeti to go away = Gr. a)/peimi,Lat. abeo,Goth. afiddja; apeta gone away,rid; °kaḍḍhati to draw away,remove; °kamati walk away; °gacchati go away; °nidhāti put away (= a)potiqhmi,abdo); °nudati push away; °neti lead away; °vattati turn away (= āverto); °sakkati step aside; °harati take away. ‹-› 2. <i>apa</i> = Vedic <i>ava</i> (Idg. *aue; see ava for details). There exists a widespread confusion between the two preps. apa &#38; ava,favoured both by semantic (apa = away,ava = down,cp. E. off) &#38; phonetic affinity (p softened to b,esp. in BB Mss., &#38; then to v,as b › v is frequent,e. g. bya° › vya° etc.). Thus we find in Pāli apa where Vedic and later literary Sk. have ava in the foll. instances:apakanti,°kassati,°kirati,°gata,°cāra,°jhāyati,°thaṭa,°dāna,°dhāreti,°nata,°nāmeti,°nīta,°lekhana,°loketi,°vadati. (Page 50),4,1
  1991. 54508,en,15,apa,āpa,Āpa,Āpa, &#38; Āpo (nt.) [Vedic ap &#38; āp,f. sg. apā,pl. āpaḥ,later Sk. also āpaḥ nt. -- Idg. *ap &#38; *ab,primarily to Lith. ùpé water,Old Prussian ape river,Gr. *)lpi/a N. of the Peloponnesus; further (as *ab) to Lat. amnis river,Sk. abda cloud, &#38; perhaps ambu water] water; philosophically t. t. for cohesion,representative of one of the 4 great elements (cp. mahābhūta),viz. paṭhavī,āpo,tejo,vāyo:see Cpd. 268 &#38; Dhs.trsl. 201,also below °dhātu. ‹-› D.II,259; M.I,327; S.II,103; III,54,207; A.IV,312,375; Sn.307,391 (°ṃ),392 (Loc. āpe),437 (id.); J.IV,8 (paṭhavi-āpa-teja°); Dhs.652; Miln.363 (Gen. āpassa,with paṭhavī etc.); Sdhp.100.<br><br> --kasiṇa the water-device,i. e. meditation by (the element of) water (cp. Mystic 75 n.) D.III,268; J.I,313; Dhs.203; Vism.170; DhA I 312; III,214. --dhātu the fluid element,the essential element in water,i. e element of cohesion (see Cpd. 155 n. 2; Mystic 9 n. 2; Dhs.trsl. 201,242) D.III,228,247; M.I,187,422:Dhs.652; Nett 74. See also dhātu. --rasa the taste of water A.I,32; SnA 6. --sama resembling water M.I,423. (Page 101),3,1
  1992. 54566,en,15,apabbuhati,apabbūhati,Apabbūhati,Apabbūhati, &#38; Apabyūhati [apa + vi + <em>ūh</em>] to push off,remove,scrape away A.III,187 (apaviyūhitvā,vv. ll. °bbūhitvā); J.I,265 (<i>paṃsuṃ</i>). -- Caus. <i>°byūhāpeti</i> to make remove or brush J.IV,349 (<i>paṃsuṃ</i>). (Page 52),10,1
  1993. 54580,en,15,apabhata,apābhata,Apābhata,Apābhata,[pp. of apa + ā + <em>bhṛ</em> cp. Vedic apa-bharati,but Lat. aufero to ava°] taken away,stolen J.III,54. (Page 54),8,1
  1994. 54591,en,15,apabyama,apabyāma,Apabyāma,Apabyāma,see <i>apavyāma</i>. (Page 52),8,1
  1995. 54615,en,15,apacara,apacāra,Apacāra,Apacāra,[fr. apa + <em>car</em>,cp. Sk. apa &#38; abhi-carati] falling off,fault,wrong doing J.VI,375. (Page 51),7,1
  1996. 54624,en,15,apacaya,apacaya,Apacaya,Apacaya,[fr. apa + <em>ci</em>] falling off,diminution (opp. <i>ācaya</i> gathering,heaping up),unmaking,esp. loss (of wordliness),decrease (of possibility of rebirth Vin.II,2 = III,21 = IV.213; cp. J.III,342; S.II,95 (kāyassa ācayo pi apacayo pi); A.IV,280 = Vin.II,259 (opp. ācaya); J.III,342 (sekho °ena na tappati); Vbh.106,319,326,330. <i>--gāmin</i> going towards decrease,“making for the undoing of rebirth” (Dhs.trsl. 82) A.V,243,277; Dhs.277,339,505,1014; Vbh.12,16 sq.; Nett 87 (cp. Kvu 156). (Page 50),7,1
  1997. 54670,en,15,apacayana,apacāyana,Apacāyana,Apacāyana,(nt.) [abstr. fr. apa + <em>cāy</em>,which is itself a der. fr. <em>ci</em>,cināti] honouring,honour,worship,reverence J.I,220; V,326; DA.I,256 (°kamma); VvA.24 (°ṃ karoti = añjalikaṃ karoti); PvA.104 (°kara,adj.),128 (+ paricariya). (Page 51),9,1
  1998. 54702,en,15,apacayati,apacāyati,Apacāyati,Apacāyati,[fr. apa-<em>ci</em>,cp. cināti &#38; cayati,with diff. meaning in Sk.; better expl<sup>d.</sup> perhaps as denom. fr. *apacāya in meaning of apacāyana,cp. apacita] to honour,respect,pay reverence D.I,91 (pūjeti +); J.III,82. ‹-› Pot. <i>apace</i> (for apaceyya,may be taken to apacināti 2) A.IV,245; ThA.72 (here to apacināti 1). -- pp. <i>apacita</i> (q. v.). (Page 51),9,1
  1999. 54718,en,15,apacayika,apacāyika,Apacāyika,Apacāyika,(adj.) [fr. *apacāya,cp. B.Sk. apacāyaka MVastu I.198; Divy 293] honouring,respecting J.IV,94 (vaddha°,cp. vaddhâpacāyin); Pv.II,7 <sup>8</sup> (jeṭṭha°); IV,3<sup>24</sup> (id.). In B.Sk. the corresp. phrase is jyeṣṭhâpacayaka. (Page 51),9,1
  2000. 54724,en,15,apacayin,apacāyin,Apacāyin,Apacāyin,(adj.) [fr. *apacāya; cp. apacāyika] honouring,paying homage,revering Sn.325 (vaddha° = vaddhānaṃ apaciti karaṇena SnA 332) = Dh.109; J.I,47,132,201; II,299; V,325; Miln.206; Sdhp.549. (Page 51),8,1
  2001. 54744,en,15,apacca,apacca,Apacca,Apacca,[Vedic apatya nt.; der. fr. apa] offspring,child D.I,90 (bandhupāda° cp. muṇḍaka),103 (id.); S.I,69 (an°) Sn.991; DA.I,254. (Page 51),6,1
  2002. 54771,en,15,apaccakkha,apaccakkha,Apaccakkha,Apaccakkha,(adj.) [a + paṭi + akkha] unseen; in Instr. f. apaccakkhāya as adv. without being seen,not by direct evidence Miln.46 sq. (Page 51),10,1
  2003. 54905,en,15,apacchapurima,apacchapurima,Apacchapurima,Apacchapurima,(adj.) [a + paccha + purima] “neither after nor before”,i. e. at the same time,simultaneous J.III,295. (Page 51),13,1
  2004. 54975,en,15,apacina,apācīna,Apācīna,Apācīna,(adj.) [Vedic apācīna; cp. apācaḥ &#38; apāka,western; to Lat. opācus,orig. turned away (from the east or the sun) i. e. opposite,dark] westerly,backward,below S.III,84; It.120 (apācīnaṃ used as adv. and taking here the place of adho in comb<sup>n.</sup> with uddhaṃ tiriyaṃ; the reading is a conjecture of Windisch’s,the vv. ll. are apācinaṃ; apācini,apāci &#38; apāminaṃ,C. expl<sup>s.</sup> by heṭṭhā). (Page 53),7,1
  2005. 54998,en,15,apacinati,apacināti,Apacināti,Apacināti,[apa + cināti] 1. [in meaning of Sk. apacīyate cp. P. upaciyyati Pass. of upacināti] to get rid of,do away with,(cp. apacaya),diminish,make less S.III,89 (opp. ācināti); Th.1,807; J.IV,172 (apacineth’eva kāmāni = viddhaṃseyyatha C.). Here belong prob. aor. 3<sup>rd</sup> pl. apaciyiṃsu (to be read for upacciṃsu) at J.VI,187 (akkhīni a. “the eyes gave out”) and Pot. pres. apace ThA.72 (on v.40). -- 2. [= apacayati] to honour,esteem; observe,guard Vin.I,264 (apacinayamāna cīvaraṃ (?) v. l apacitiyamāna; trsl. guarding his claim is,Vin Texts); M.I,324 (see detail under apaviṇāti) Th.1,186 (grd. apacineyya to be honoured); J.V,339 (anapacinanto for T. anupacinanto,v. l. anapavinati). -- pp. apacita (q.v.). (Page 51),9,1
  2006. 55012,en,15,apacita,apacita,Apacita,Apacita,[pp. of apacayati or apacināti] honoured,worshipped,esteemed Th.1,186; J.II,169; IV,75; Vv 5<sup>10</sup> (= pūjita VvA.39); 35<sup>11</sup> (cp. VvA.164); Miln.21. (Page 51),7,1
  2007. 55028,en,15,apaciti,apaciti,Apaciti,Apaciti,(f.) [Vedic apaciti in diff. meaning,viz. expiation] honour,respect,esteem,reverence Th.1,589; J.I,220; II,435; III,82; IV,308; VI,88; Miln.180,234 (°ṃ karoti),377 (pūjana +); SnA 332 (°karaṇa). Cp. apacāyana. (Page 51),7,1
  2008. 55078,en,15,apada,apāda,Apāda,Apāda,(?) [apa + ā + <em>dā</em>] giving away in marriage J.IV,179 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of anāpāda unmarried; reading should prob. be āpāda = pariggaha). (Page 54),5,1
  2009. 55086,en,15,apada,āpadā,Āpadā,Āpadā,(f.) [Sk. āpad,fr. ā +<em> pad</em>,cp. āpajjati &#38; BSk. āpad,e. g. in āpadgata Jtm 31<sup>33</sup>] accident,misfortune,distress,D.III,190; A.II,68 (Loc. pl. āpadāsu),187; III,45; IV,31; Th.1,371; J.IV,163 (āpadatthā,a difficult form; vv. ll. T. aparattā,āpadatvā,C. aparatthā; expl<sup>d.</sup> by āpadāya); V,340 (Loc. āpade),368; PvA.130 (quot.); Sdhp.312,554. Note. For the contracted form in Loc. pl. āpāsu (= *āpatsu) see *āpā. (Page 102),5,1
  2010. 55093,en,15,apada,āpādā,Āpādā,Āpādā,(f.) [short for āpādikā] a nursing woman,in an° not nursing,unmarried J.IV,178. (Page 102),5,1
  2011. 55107,en,15,apadaka,apādaka,Apādaka,Apādaka,(adj.) [a + pāda + ka] not having feet,footless,creeping,Ep. of snakes &#38; fishes Vin.II,110 = J.II,146 (where see expl<sup>n.</sup>). Spelt <i>apada(ka)</i> at It.87 (v. l. apāda). (Page 54),7,1
  2012. 55116,en,15,apadaka,āpādaka,Āpādaka,Āpādaka,(adj.-n.) [fr. ā + <em>pad</em>] -- 1. (adj.) producing,leading to (-°) VvA.4 (abhiññ° catuttha-jjhāna). -- 2. (n.) one who takes care of a child,a protector,guardian A.I,62 = 132 = It.110 (+ posaka). -- f. āpādikā a nurse,foster-mother Vin.II,289 (+ posikā). (Page 102),7,1
  2013. 55144,en,15,apadana,apadāna,Apadāna,Apadāna,(nt.) 1. [= Sk. apadāna] removing,breaking off,D.III,88. -- 2. [= Sk. avadāna cp. ovāda] advice,admonition,instruction,morals Vin.II,4 (an° not taking advice),7 (id.) M.I,96; A.V,337 sq. (saddhā°) Th.1,47. -- 3. legend,life history. In the title Mahāpadāna suttanta it refers to the 7 Buddhas. In the title Apadānaṃ,that is “the stories” ,it refers almost exclusively to Arahants. The other,(older),connotation seems to have afterwards died out. See Dialogues II.3. -- Cp. also pariyāpadāna. (Page 51),7,1
  2014. 55206,en,15,apadesa,apadesa,Apadesa,Apadesa,[cp. Sk. apadeśa] 1. reason,cause,argument M.I,287 (an°). -- 2. statement,designation PvA.8. -- 3. pretext J.III,60; IV,13; PvA.154. Thus also apadesaka J.VI,179. (Page 51),7,1
  2015. 55232,en,15,apadeti,āpādeti,Āpādeti,Āpādeti,[Caus. of āpajjati] to produce,make out,bring,bring into M.I,78; III,248; S.IV,110 (addhānaṃ to live one’s life,cp. addhānaṃ āpādi J.II,293 = jīvit’addhānaṃ āpādi āyuṃ vindi C.); SnA 466. -- Cp. pari° (Page 102),7,1
  2016. 55259,en,15,apadhareti,apadhāreti,Apadhāreti,Apadhāreti,[Caus. of apa + <em>dhṛ</em>,cp. Sk. ava-dhārayati,but also BSk. apadhārayati Divy 231] to observe,request,ask ThA.16. (Page 51),10,1
  2017. 55274,en,15,apadi,āpādi,Āpādi,Āpādi,aor. of āpajjati (q. v.). (Page 102),5,1
  2018. 55291,en,15,apadisa,apadisa,Apadisa,Apadisa,[fr apa +<em> diś</em>] reference,testimony,witness DhA.II,39. (Page 51),7,1
  2019. 55310,en,15,apadisati,apadisati,Apadisati,Apadisati,[apa + disati] to call to witness,to refer to,to quote Vin.III,159; J.I,215; III,234; IV,203; Miln.270; DhA.II,39; Nett 93. (Page 51),9,1
  2020. 55363,en,15,apaga,āpagā,Āpagā,Āpagā,(f.) [āpa + ga of <em>gam</em>] a river Th.1,309; Sn.319; J.V,454; Dāvs.I,32; VvA.41. (Page 101),5,1
  2021. 55374,en,15,apagabbha,apagabbha,Apagabbha,Apagabbha,(adj.) [a + pa + gabbha] not entering another womb,i. e. not destined to another rebirth Vin.III,3. (Page 50),9,1
  2022. 55397,en,15,apagacchati,apagacchati,Apagacchati,Apagacchati,[apa + <i>gam</i>] to go away,turn aside DhA.I,401 (°gantvā). -- pp. <i>apagata</i> (q. v.). (Page 50),11,1
  2023. 55410,en,15,apagama,apagama,Apagama,Apagama,[Sk. apagama] going away,disappearance Sdhp.508. (Page 50),7,1
  2024. 55467,en,15,apagata,apagata,Apagata,Apagata,[pp. of apagacchati] 1. gone,gone away from (c. Abl.),removed; deceased,departed It.112; PvA.39,63 (= peta),64 (= gata). -- 2. (°-) freq. as prefix,meaning without,lit. having lost,removed from; free from Vin.II,129 (°gabbhā having lost her foetus,having a miscarriage); J.I,61 (°vattha without clothes); PvA.38 (°soka free from grief),47 (°lajja not shy),219 (°viññāṇa without feeling). -- Cp. <i>apakata</i>. (Page 50),7,1
  2025. 55634,en,15,apahara,apahara,Apahara,Apahara,[Sk. apahāra,fr. apaharati] taking away,stealing,robbing J.II,34. (Page 53),7,1
  2026. 55647,en,15,apaharana,apaharaṇa,Apaharaṇa,Apaharaṇa,(nt.) = apahara Miln.195. (Page 53),9,1
  2027. 55660,en,15,apaharati,apaharati,Apaharati,Apaharati,[apa + hṛ] to take away,remove,captivate,rob J.III,315 (aor. apahārayiṃ); Miln.413; DA.I,38. (Page 53),9,1
  2028. 55685,en,15,apahata,apāhata,Apāhata,Apāhata,[pp. of apa + <em>hṛ</em>] driven off or back,refuted,refused Sn.826 (°smiṃ = apasādite vade SnA 541). (Page 54),7,1
  2029. 55710,en,15,apajaha,apajaha,Apajaha,Apajaha,(adj.) [a + pajaha] not giving up,greedy,miserly A.III,76 (v. l. apānuta; C. expl<sup>s.</sup> (a)vaḍḍhinissita mānatthaddha). (Page 51),7,1
  2030. 55730,en,15,apajita,apajita,Apajita,Apajita,(nt.) [pp. of apa +<em> ji</em>] defeat Dh. 105. (Page 51),7,1
  2031. 55758,en,15,apajjati,āpajjati,Āpajjati,Āpajjati,[Sk. āpadyate,ā + <em>pad</em>] to get into,to meet with (Acc.); to undergo; to make,produce,exhibit Vin.II,126 (saṃvaraṃ); D.I,222 (pariyeṭṭhiṃ); It.113 (vuddhiṃ); J.I,73; Pug.20,33 (diṭṭh’ânugatiṃ); PvA.29 (ppr. āpajjanto); DhA.II,71 -- pot. <i>āpajjeyya</i> D.I,119 (musāvādaṃ). -- aor.<i> āpajji</i> J.V,349; PvA.124 (saṅkocaṃ) &#38; <i>āpādi</i> S.I,37; A.II,34; It.85; J.II,293; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i> āpādu </i>D.II,273. -- ger. <i>āpajjitva</i> PvA.22 (saṃvegaṃ),151. ‹-› pp. <i>āpanna</i> (q. v.). -- Caus. <i>āpādeti</i> (q. v.). -- Note. The reading <i>āpajja</i> in āpajja naṃ It.86 is uncertain (vv. ll. āsajja &#38; ālajja). The id. p. at Vin.II,203 (CV. VII.4,8) has āsajjanaṃ,for which Bdhgh,on p. 325 has āpajjanaṃ. Cp. pariyāpajjati. (Page 101),8,1
  2032. 55768,en,15,apajjhayati,apajjhāyati,Apajjhāyati,Apajjhāyati,[apa + jhāyati<sup>1</sup>; cp. Sk. abhi-dhyāyati] to muse,meditate,ponder,consider M.I,334 (nijjhāyati +); III,14 (id.). (Page 51),11,1
  2033. 55793,en,15,apaka,āpakā,Āpakā,Āpakā,(f.) [= āpagā] river J.V,452; VI,518. (Page 101),5,1
  2034. 55814,en,15,apakaddhati,apakaḍḍhati,Apakaḍḍhati,Apakaḍḍhati,[apa + kaḍḍhati,cp. Sk. apa-karṣati] to draw away,take off,remove D.I,180; III,127; DhA.II,86. ‹-› Caus. <i>apakaḍḍhāpeti</i> J.I,342; IV,415; Miln.34. -- Cp. <i>apakassati</i>; &#38; see pakattheti. (Page 50),11,1
  2035. 55829,en,15,apakantati,apakantati,Apakantati,Apakantati,[apa + kantati,Sk. ava + kṛntati] to cut off Th.2,217 (gale = gīvaṃ chindati ThA.178; Kern,Toev. corrects to kabale a.). (Page 50),10,1
  2036. 55838,en,15,apakara,apakāra,Apakāra,Apakāra, &#38; °ka [cf. Sk. apakāra &#38; apakaroti] injury,mischief; one who injures or offends DhA.III,63; Sdhp.283. (Page 50),7,1
  2037. 55867,en,15,apakaroti,apakaroti,Apakaroti,Apakaroti,[apa + karoti,cp. Sk. apakaroti &#38; apakṛta in same meaning] to throw away,put off; hurt,offend,slight; possibly in reading T. <i>apakiritūna</i> at Th.2,447 (q. v.). -- pp. <i>apakata</i> (q. v.). Cp. apakāra. (Page 50),9,1
  2038. 55876,en,15,apakasati,apakāsati,Apakāsati,Apakāsati,at Vin.II,204 is to be read as <i>apakassati</i> and interpreted as “draw away,distract,bring about a split or dissension (of the Saṅgha)”. The v. l. on p. 325 justifies the correction (apakassati) as well as Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n.</sup> “parisaṃ ākaḍḍhanti”. -- Cp. A.III,145 &#38; see <i>avapakāsati</i>. The reading at the id. p. at A.V,74 is <i>avakassati</i> (comb<sup>d.</sup> w. vavakassati,where Vin.II,204 has avapakāsati),which is much to be preferred (see vavakassati). (Page 50),9,1
  2039. 55901,en,15,apakassati,apakassati,Apakassati,Apakassati,[Sk. apa- &#38; ava-kaṛṣati,cp. apakaḍḍhati] to throw away,remove Sn.281 (v.l. BB &#38; SnA ava°; expl<sup>d.</sup> by niddhamati &#38; nikkaḍḍhati SnA 311). --ger. <i>apakassa</i> Sn.II,198 = Miln.389. See also <i>apakāsati</i>. (Page 50),10,1
  2040. 55912,en,15,apakata,apakata,Apakata,Apakata,[pp. of apakaroti] put off,done away,in ājīvik <i>âpakata</i> being without a living M.I,463 (the usual phrase being °apagata); Miln.279 (id.). At It.89 the reading of same phrase is ājīvikā pakatā (v. l. ā° vakatā). (Page 50),7,1
  2041. 55949,en,15,apakatannu,apakataññu,Apakataññu,Apakataññu,(adj.) [a + pa + kataññu] ungrateful Vin.II,199. (Page 50),10,1
  2042. 55967,en,15,apakatata,apākaṭatā,Apākaṭatā,Apākaṭatā,(f.) [a + pākaṭa + tā] unfitness Miln.232 (v. l. apākatatta perhaps better). (Page 53),9,1
  2043. 55987,en,15,apakatika,apākatika,Apākatika,Apākatika,(adj.) [a + pākata + ika] not in proper or natural shape,out of order,disturbed DhA.II,7. Cp. appakāra. (Page 53),9,1
  2044. 56004,en,15,apakirituna,apakiritūna,Apakiritūna,Apakiritūna,at Th.2,447 T (reading of C. is abhi°) is explained ThA.271 to mean apakiritvā chaḍḍetvā throwing away,slighting,offending. The correct etym = Sk. avakirati (ava + <em>kṛ</em><i><sup>2</sup></i> to strew,cast out) in sense “to cast off,reject”,to which also belongs kirāta in meaning “cast off” i. e. man of a so-called low tribe. See also avakirati 2. (Page 50),11,1
  2045. 56036,en,15,apakkamati,apakkamati,Apakkamati,Apakkamati,[cp. Sk. apakramati,apa + <em>kram</em>] to go away,depart,go to one side J.III,27; Sdhp.294. -- aor. <i>apakkami</i> Pv IV.7<sup>5</sup>; ger. <i>apakkamitvā</i> PvA.43,124, &#38; <i>apakkamma</i> Pv.II,9<sup>28</sup>. (Page 50),10,1
  2046. 56136,en,15,apalaleti,apalāḷeti,Apalāḷeti,Apalāḷeti,[apa + lāḷeti] to draw over to Vin.I,85. (Page 52),9,1
  2047. 56145,en,15,apalamba,apālamba,Apālamba,Apālamba,[“a Vedic term for the hinder part of a carriage” Morris J P T S. 1886,128; the “Vedic” unidentified] a mechanism to stop a chariot,a safe guard “to prevent warriors from falling out” (C.) S.I,33 (Mrs Rh. D. trsl. “leaning board”); J.VI,252 (v. l. upā°; Kern trsl. “remhout”,i. e. brake). (Page 54),8,1
  2048. 56154,en,15,apalapin,apalāpin,Apalāpin,Apalāpin,see apalāsin [Sk. apalāpin “denying,concealing” different]. (Page 52),8,1
  2049. 56171,en,15,apalasin,apalāsin,Apalāsin,Apalāsin,(adj.) [apaḷāsin; but spelling altogether uncertain. There seems to exist a confusion between the forms apalāyin,apalāpin &#38; apalāsin,owing to freq. miswriting of s,y,p in MSS. (cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> introd. p. XIX.). We should be inclined to give apalāsin,as the lectio difficilior,the preference. The expl<sup>n.</sup> at Pug.22 as “yassa puggalassa ayaṃ paḷāso pahīno ayaṃ vuccati puggalo apaḷāsī” does not help us to clear up the etym. nor the vv. ll.] either “not neglectful,pure,clean” (= apalāpin fr. palāsa chaff,cp. apalāyin at J.V,4),or “not selfish,not hard,generous” (as inferred from comb<sup>n.</sup> with amakkhin &#38; amaccharin),or “brave,fearless,energetic” (= apalāyin) D.III,47,cp. Pug.22. See palāsin. (Page 52),8,1
  2050. 56192,en,15,apalayin,apalāyin,Apalāyin,Apalāyin,(adj.) [a + palāyin] not running away,steadfast,brave,fearless Nd<sup>2</sup> 13 (abhīru anutrāsin apalāyin as expl<sup>n.</sup> of acchambhin and vīra); J.IV,296; V,4 (where C. gives variant “apalāpinī ti pi pāṭho”,which latter has v. l. apalāsinī &#38; is expl<sup>d.</sup> by C. as palāpa-rahite anavajjasarīre p. 5). See also apalāsin. (Page 52),8,1
  2051. 56199,en,15,apalekhana,apalekhana,Apalekhana,Apalekhana,(nt.) [apa + lekhana from likh in meaning of lih,corresponding to Sk. ava-lehana] licking off,in cpd. hatthâpalekhana “hand-licking” (i. e. licking one’s hand after a meal,the practice of certain ascetics) M 177 (with v. l. hatthâvalekhana M.I,535; Trenckner compares BSk. hastapralehaka Lal. Vist. 312 &#38; hastâvalehaka ibid. 323),412; Pug.55 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at Pug.A 231 as hatthe piṇḍamhe niṭṭhite jivhāya hatthaṃ apalekhati). (Page 52),10,1
  2052. 56203,en,15,apalekhati,apalekhati,Apalekhati,Apalekhati,[apa + lekhati in meaning of Sk. avalihati] to lick off Pug.A 231 (hatthaṃ). (Page 52),10,1
  2053. 56206,en,15,apalepa,apalepa,Apalepa,Apalepa,in “so’palepa patito jarāgharo” at Th.2,270 is to be read as “so palepa°”. Morris’s interpret. J.P.T.S. 1886,126 therefore superfluous. (Page 52),7,1
  2054. 56225,en,15,apalibuddha,apalibuddha,Apalibuddha,Apalibuddha, &#38; Apalibodha [a + palibuddha,pp. of pari + bṛh,see palibujjhati] unobstructed,unhindered,free J.III,381 (°bodha); Miln.388; DhA.III,198. (Page 52),11,1
  2055. 56282,en,15,apalokana,apalokana,Apalokana,Apalokana,(nt.) [fr. apaloketi] permission,leave,in °kamma proposal of a resolution,obtaining leave (see kamma I.3) Vin.II,89; IV,152. (Page 52),9,1
  2056. 56319,en,15,apaloketi,apaloketi,Apaloketi,Apaloketi,[BSk. ava-lokayati] 1. to look ahead,to look before,to be cautious,to look after M.I,557 (v. l. for apaciṇāti,where J.V,339 C. has avaloketi); Miln.398. ‹-› 2. to look up to,to obtain permission from (Acc.),to get leave,to give notice of Vin.III,10,11; IV,226 (anapaloketvā = anāpucchā),267 (+ āpucchitvā); M.I,337; S.III,95 (bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anapaloketvā without informing the Saṅgha); J.VI,298 (vājānaṃ); DhA.I,67. -- pp. <i>apalokita</i> (q. v.). See also apalokana &#38; °lokin. (Page 53),9,1
  2057. 56334,en,15,apalokin,apalokin,Apalokin,Apalokin,(adj.) [Sk. avalokin] “looking before oneself”,looking at,cautious Miln.398. (Page 53),8,1
  2058. 56343,en,15,apalokita,apalokita,Apalokita,Apalokita,[pp. of apaloketi; Sk. avalokita] 1. asked permission,consulted S.III,5. -- 2. (nt.) permission,consent,M.I,337 (Nāgâpalokitaṃ apalokesi). -- 3. (nt.) an Ep. of Nibbāna S.IV,370. (Page 52),9,1
  2059. 56374,en,15,apamara,apamāra,Apamāra,Apamāra,[Sk. apasmāra] epilepsy Vin.I,93. Cp. <i>apasmāra</i>. (Page 52),7,1
  2060. 56388,en,15,apamarika,apamārika,Apamārika,Apamārika,(adj.) [cp. Sk. apasmārin] epileptic Vin.IV,8,10,11. (Page 52),9,1
  2061. 56413,en,15,apana,apāna,Apāna,Apāna,(nt.) breathing out,respiration (so Ch.; no ref. in P. Cauon?) On Prāṇa &#38; Apāna see G. W. Brown in J. Am. Or. Soc. 39,1919 pp. 104--112. See ānāpāna. (Page 54),5,1
  2062. 56424,en,15,apana,āpaṇa,Āpaṇa,Āpaṇa,[Sk. āpaṇa,ā + <em>paṇ</em>] a bazaar,shop Vin.I,140; J.I,55; V,445; Pv.II,3<sup>22</sup>; Miln.2,341; SnA 440; DhA.I,317; II,89; VvA.157; PvA.88,333 (phal° fruit shop),215. (Page 102),5,1
  2063. 56434,en,15,apana,āpāṇa,Āpāṇa,Āpāṇa,[ā + pāṇa] life,lit. breathing,only in cpd. °koṭi the end of life Miln.397; Dāvs III,93; adj. --koṭika M.II,120; Vism.10. (Page 102),5,1
  2064. 56444,en,15,apana,āpāna,Āpāna,Āpāna,(nt.) [fr. ā + pā] drinking; drinking party,banquet; banqueting-hall,drinking-hall J.I,52 (°maṇḍala); V,292 (°bhūmi); Vism.399 (id.); DhA.I,213 (id.,rañño). (Page 102),5,1
  2065. 56475,en,15,apanaka,āpānaka,Āpānaka,Āpānaka,(adj.) [āpāna + ka] drinking,one who is in the habit of drinking D.I,167. (Page 102),7,1
  2066. 56481,en,15,apanakatta,apānakatta,Apānakatta,Apānakatta,(nt.) [a + pānaka + ttaṃ] “waterless state”,living without drinking water J.V,243. (Page 54),10,1
  2067. 56508,en,15,apanamati,apanamati,Apanamati,Apanamati,[semantically doubtful] to go away Sn.1102 (apanamissati,v. l. apalām° &#38; apagam°; expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 60 by vajissati pakkhamissati etc. -- pp. apanata (q. v.) ‹-› Caus. apanāmeti. (Page 51),9,1
  2068. 56523,en,15,apanameti,apanāmeti,Apanāmeti,Apanāmeti,[Caus. fr. apanamati] 1. to take away,remove M.I,96 = A.I,198 (kathaṃ bahiddhā a. carry outside); Kh VIII,4 (= aññaṃ ṭhānaṃ gameti KhA 220). -- 2. [= Sk. ava-namati] to bend down,lower,put down Vin.II,208 (chattaṃ); S.I,226 (id.); J.II,287 (id.,v. l. apanetvā); D.I,126 (hatthaṃ,for salute). (Page 51),9,1
  2069. 56554,en,15,apanata,apanata,Apanata,Apanata,[pp. of apanamati] “bent away”,drawn aside,in ster. comb<sup>n.</sup> abhinata + apanata (“strained forth &#38; strained aside” Mrs Rh. D. Kindred S. p. 39) M.I,386; S.I,28. (Page 51),7,1
  2070. 56633,en,15,apaneti,apaneti,Apaneti,Apaneti,[apa + <em>nī</em>] to lead away,take or put away,remove J.I,62,138; II,4,155 (aor. apānayi) III,26; Miln.188,259,413; PvA.41,74,198 (= harati) Sdhp.63. Pass. <i>apanīyati</i> S.I,176. -- pp. <i>apanīta</i> (q. v.). (Page 52),7,1
  2071. 56655,en,15,apanga,apaṅga,Apaṅga,Apaṅga,(apānga) [Sk. apāṅga] the outer corner of the eye J.III,419 (asitâpaṅgin black-eyed); IV,219 (bahi°). Spelt <i>avaṅga</i> at Vin.II,267,where the phrase avaṅgaṃ karoti,i. e. expl<sup>d.</sup> by Bdhgh. ibid p. 327 as “avaṅgadese adhomukhaṃ lekhaṃ karonti”. According to Kern,Toev. 20,Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> is not quite correct,since avaṅga stands here in the meaning of “a coloured mark upon the body” (cp. PW. apāṅga). (Page 50),6,1
  2072. 56678,en,15,apanidahati,apanidahati,Apanidahati,Apanidahati,( &#38; apanidheti) [apa + ni + dhā,cp. Vedic apadhā hiding-place; Sk. apadadhāti = Gr. a)poti(qhmi = Lat. abdo “do away”] to hide,conceal Vin.IV,123 (°dheti,°dheyya,°dhessati); PvA.215 (°dhāya ger.). -- pp. apanihita. -- Caus. apanidhāpeti to induce somebody to conceal Vin.IV,123. (Page 51),11,1
  2073. 56703,en,15,apanihita,apanihita,Apanihita,Apanihita,[pp. of apanidahati] concealed,in abstr. °ttaṃ (nt.) hiding,concealing,theft PvA.216. (Page 51),9,1
  2074. 56718,en,15,apanika,āpaṇika,Āpaṇika,Āpaṇika,[fr. āpaṇa] a shopkeeper,tradesman J.I,124; Miln.344; VvA.157; DhA.II,89. (Page 102),7,1
  2075. 56729,en,15,apanita,apanīta,Apanīta,Apanīta,[Sk. apanīta,pp. of apa + nī,see apaneti &#38; cp. also onīta = apanīta] taken away or off. removed,dispelled PvA.39. (Page 51),7,1
  2076. 56784,en,15,apaniya,āpānīya,Āpānīya,Āpānīya,(adj.) [fr. āpāna,ā + <em>pā</em>] drinkable,fit for drinking or drinking with,in °kaṃsa drinking-bowl,goblet M.I,316; S.II,110. (Page 102),7,1
  2077. 56814,en,15,apanna,āpanna,Āpanna,Āpanna,[pp. of āpajjati] -- 1. entered upon,fallen into,possessed of,having done Vin.I,164 (āpattiṃ ā.); III,90; D.I,4 (dayāpanna merciful); Nd<sup>2</sup> 32 (taṇhāya). -- 2. unfortunate,miserable J.I,19 (V.124). Cp. pari°. (Page 102),6,1
  2078. 56828,en,15,apannaka,apaññaka,Apaññaka,Apaññaka,(adj.) = apañña,ignorant Dpvs VI,29. (Page 51),8,1
  2079. 56836,en,15,apannaka,apaṇṇaka,Apaṇṇaka,Apaṇṇaka,(adj.) [a + paṇṇaka; see paṇṇaka; Weber Ind. Str. III,150 &#38; Kuhn,Beitr. p. 53 take it as *a-praśna-ka] certain,true,absolute M.I,401,411; A.V,85,294,296; J.I,104 (where expl<sup>d</sup> as ekaṃsika aviruddha niyyānika). (Page 51),8,1
  2080. 56997,en,15,apannnakata,apanṇṇakatā,Apanṇṇakatā,Apanṇṇakatā,(f.) [abstr. of apaṇṇaka] certainty,absoluteness S.IV,351 sq. (Page 51),11,1
  2081. 57014,en,15,apanudana,apanudana,Apanudana,Apanudana, &#38; Apanūdana (nt.) [Sk. apanodana,fr. apanudati] taking or driving away,removal Vin.II,148 = J.I,94 (<i>dukkha°</i>); Sn.252 (id.); PvA.114 (id.). (Page 52),9,1
  2082. 57030,en,15,apanudati,apanudati,Apanudati,Apanudati, &#38; Apanudeti [apa +<em> nud</em>,cp. Vedic apanudati &#38; Caus. Sk. apanodayati] to push or drive away,remove,dispel; pres. apanudeti Miln.38. aor. apānudi Pv.I,8<sup>6</sup> (= apanesi PvA.41); II,3<sup>14</sup> (= avahari aggahesi PvA.86); Dāvs.I,8. ger. apanujja D.II,223. See also der. apanudana. (Page 51),9,1
  2083. 57046,en,15,apanuditar,apanuditar,Apanuditar,Apanuditar,[n. ag. fr. apanudati,Sk. apanoditṛ] remover,dispeller D.III,148. (Page 52),10,1
  2084. 57069,en,15,apapaka,apāpaka,Apāpaka,Apāpaka,(adj.) [a + pāpaka] guiltless,innocent f. <i>°ikā</i> Vv 31<sup>4</sup>; 32<sup>6</sup>. (Page 54),7,1
  2085. 57087,en,15,apapata,apāpata,Apāpata,Apāpata,(adj.) [apa + ā + pata] falling down into (c. Acc.) J.IV,234 (aggiṃ). (Page 54),7,1
  2086. 57105,en,15,apapibati,apapibati,Apapibati,Apapibati,[apa + pibati] to drink from something J.II,126 (aor. apāpāsi). (Page 52),9,1
  2087. 57138,en,15,apapurana,apāpurana,Apāpurana,Apāpurana,(nt.) [fr. apāpurati] a key (to a door) Vin.I,80; III,119; M.III,127. See also avāpuraṇa. (Page 54),9,1
  2088. 57147,en,15,apapurati,apāpurati,Apāpurati,Apāpurati, &#38; Apāpuṇati [Sk. apāvṛṇoti,apa + ā + <em>vṛ</em>,but Vedic only apa-vṛṇoti corresponding to Lat. aperio = *apa-ǔerio. On form see Trenckner,Notes 63] to open (a door) Vin.I,5 (apāpur’etaṃ <i>Amatassa</i> dvāraṃ:imper.; where id. p. S.I,137 has avāpur°,T.,but v. l. apāpur°); Vv 64<sup>27</sup> (apāpuranto <i>Amatassa</i> dvāraṃ,expl<sup>d.</sup> at VvA.284 by vivaranto); It.80 (apāvuṇanti <I>A</I>. dv. as T. conj.,with v. l. apānuṃanti,apāpurenti &#38; apāpuranti). -- pp. <i>apāruta</i> (q. v.). -- Pass. <i>apāpurīyati</i> [cp. BSk. apāvurīyati M Vastu II.158] to be opened M.III,184 (v. l. avā°); J.I,63 (avā°); Th.2,494 (apāpuṇitvā). See also avāpurati. (Page 54),9,1
  2089. 57167,en,15,apara,apara,Apara,Apara,(adj.) [Vedic apara,der. fr. apa with compar. suffix --ra = Idg. *aporos “further away,second”; cp. Gr. a]pwtέrw farther,Lat. aprilis the second month (after March,i. e. April). Goth. afar = after] another,i. e. additional,following,next,second (with pron. inflexion,i. e. Nom. pl. apare) D.III,190 (°pajā another,i. e. future generation); Sn.791,1089 (n’); J.I,59 (aparaṃ divasaṃ on some day following); III,51 (apare tayo sahāyā “other friends three”,i. e. three friends,cp. similarly Fr. nous autres Franc˚ais); IV,3 (dīpa); PvA.81 (°divase on another day),226; with other part. like <i>aparo pi</i> D III 128. -- nt. <i>aparaṃ</i> what follows i. e. future state,consequence; future Vin.I,35 (nâparaṃ nothing more); Sn.1092 (much the same as punabbhava,cp. Nd<sup>2</sup> 61). Cases adverbially; <i>aparaṃ</i> (Acc.) further,besides,also J.I,256; III,278; often with other part. like <i>athâparaṃ</i> &#38; further,moreover Sn.974; and <i>puna c</i>’<i>aparaṃ</i> It.100; Miln.418 (so read for puna ca paraṃ) and passim; <i>aparam pi</i> Vism.9. -- <i>aparena</i> in future D.III,201. -- Repeated (reduplicative formation) <i>aparâparaṃ</i> (local) to &#38; fro J.I,265,278; PvA.198; (temporal) again and again,off &#38; on J.II,377; Miln.132 VvA.271; PvA.176 (= punappunaṃ).<br><br> <i>--anta</i> (aparanta) = aparaṃ,with anta in same function as in cpds. vananta (see anta<sup>1</sup> 5):(a.) further away,westward J v.471; Miln.292 (janapada). (b.) future D.I,30 (°kappika,cp. DA.I,118); M.II,228 (°ânudiṭṭhi -- thought of the future); S.III,46 (id.). <i>--âpariya</i> (fr. aparâpara) ever-following,successive,continuous,everlasting; used with ref. to kamma J.V,106; Miln.108. <i>--bhāga</i> the future,lit. a later part of time,only in Loc. aparabhāge at a future date,later on J.I,34,262; IV,1; VvA.66. (Page 52),5,1
  2090. 57183,en,15,apara,apāra,Apāra,Apāra,(nt.) [a + pāra] 1. the near bank of a river J.III,230 (+ atiṇṇaṃ,C. paratīraṃ atiṇṇaṃ). -- 2. (fig.) not the further shore (of life),the world here,i.e. (opp. pāraṃ = Nibbāna) Sn.1129,1130; Nd<sup>2</sup> 62; Dh.385 (expl<sup>d.</sup> as bāhirāni cha āyatanāni DhA.IV,141). See pāra &#38; cp. avara. (Page 54),5,1
  2091. 57231,en,15,aparaddha,aparaddha,Aparaddha,Aparaddha,[pp. of aparajjhati] missed (c. Acc.),gone wrong,failed,sinned (against = Loc.) D.I,91,103,180; S.I,103 (suddhimaggaṃ); Th.1,78; Sn.891 (suddhiṃ = viraddha khalita Nd<sup>1</sup> 300); PvA.195. (Page 52),9,1
  2092. 57256,en,15,aparadha,aparādha,Aparādha,Aparādha,[fr. apa + <em>rādh</em>] sin,fault,offence,guilt J.I,264 (nir°); III,394; IV,495; VvA.69; PvA.87,116. (Page 52),8,1
  2093. 57306,en,15,aparadhika,aparādhika,Aparādhika,Aparādhika,(adj.) [fr. aparādha,cp. Sk. aparādhin] guilty,offending,criminal J.II,117 (vāja°); Miln.149 (issara°),189 (aparādhikatā). (Page 52),10,1
  2094. 57317,en,15,aparadhita,aparādhita,Aparādhita,Aparādhita,[pp. of aparādheti,Caus. of apa + <em>rādh</em><i>;</i> cp. aparaddha] transgressed,sinned,failing J.V,26 (so read for aparadh’ito). (Page 52),10,1
  2095. 57368,en,15,aparajita,aparājita,Aparājita,Aparājita,(adj.) [Vedic aparājita; a + parājita] unconquered Sn.269; J.I,71,165. (Page 52),9,1
  2096. 57403,en,15,aparajjhati,aparajjhati,Aparajjhati,Aparajjhati,[Sk. aparādhyate,apa + <i>rādh</i>] to sin or offend against (c. Loc.) Vin.II,78 = III,161; J.V,68; VI,367; Miln.189; PvA.263. -- pp. <i>aparaddha </i>&<i> aparādhita</i> (q. v.). (Page 52),11,1
  2097. 57422,en,15,aparajju,aparajju,Aparajju,Aparajju,(adv.) [Sk. apare-dyus] on the foll. day Vin.II,167; S.I,186; Miln.48. (Page 52),8,1
  2098. 57541,en,15,aparaneyya,apāraṇeyya,Apāraṇeyya,Apāraṇeyya,(adj.) [grd. of paraneti + a°] that which cannot be achieved,unattainable J.VI,36 (= apāpetabba). (Page 54),10,1
  2099. 57564,en,15,aparanna,aparaṇṇa,Aparaṇṇa,Aparaṇṇa,(nt.) [apara + aṇṇa = anna] “the other kind of cereal”,prepared or cooked cereals,pulse etc. Opp. to pubbaṇṇa the unprepared or raw corn (= āmakadhañña Vin.IV,265; Vin.III,151 (pubb° +); IV,265,267; A.IV,108,112 (tila-mugga-māsā°; opp. sāli-yavaka etc.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 314 (aparaṇṇaṃ nāma sūpeyyaṃ); J.V,406 (°jā = hareṇukā,pea); Miln.106 (pubbaṇṇa°). See also dhañña &#38; harita. (Page 52),8,1
  2100. 57643,en,15,aparapaccaya,aparapaccaya,Aparapaccaya,Aparapaccaya,(adj.) [a + para + paccaya] not dependent or relying on others Vin.I,12 (vesārajja-ppatta +); D.I,110 (id.); M II 41; M.I,491; S.III,83; DA.I,278 (= nâssa paro paccayo). (Page 52),12,1
  2101. 57829,en,15,aparayin,aparāyin,Aparāyin,Aparāyin,(adj.) [a + parāyin,cp. parāyana] having no support J.III,386 (f. <i>°ī;</i> C. appatiṭṭhā appaṭisaraṇā). (Page 52),8,1
  2102. 59168,en,15,aparuta,apāruta,Apāruta,Apāruta,[Sk. apāvṛta,pp. of apāpurati] open (of a door) Vin.I,7 = M.I,169 (apārutā tesaṃ <i>Amatassa</i> dvārā); D.I,136 (= vivaṭa-dvāra DA.I,297); J.I,264 (°dvāra). (Page 54),7,1
  2103. 59194,en,15,apasada,apasāda,Apasāda,Apasāda,[fr. apa +<i> </i><em>sad</em>] putting down,blame,disparagement M.III,230. (Page 53),7,1
  2104. 59247,en,15,apasadeti,apasādeti,Apasādeti,Apasādeti,[Caus. of apa + <em>sad</em>] 1. to refuse,decline Vin.IV,213,263; J.V,417 (= uyyojeti). -- 2. to depreciate,blame,disparage Vin.III,101; M.III,230 (opp. ussādeti); DA.I,160. -- pp. <i>apasādita</i> (q. v.). (Page 53),9,1
  2105. 59280,en,15,apasadita,apasādita,Apasādita,Apasādita,[pp. of apasādeti] blamed,reproached,disparaged S.II,219; SnA 541. (Page 53),9,1
  2106. 59297,en,15,apasakkati,apasakkati,Apasakkati,Apasakkati,[apa + sakkati] to go away,to go aside J.IV,347 (v. l. for apavattati); VvA.101; PvA.265 (aor. °sakki = apakkami). (Page 53),10,1
  2107. 59330,en,15,apasavya,apasavya,Apasavya,Apasavya,(adj.) [apa + savya] right (i. e. not left),contrary Ud.50 (T. has niṭṭhubhitvā abyāmato karitvā; vv. ll. are apabhyāmāto,abhyāmato &#38; C. apasabyāmato),where C. expl<sup>s.</sup> apasabyāmato karitvā by apasabyaṃ katvā,“which latter corresponds in form but not in meaning to Sk. apasavyaṃ karoti to go on the right side” (Morris J P T S. 1886,127). -- See apavyāma. (Page 53),8,1
  2108. 59343,en,15,apasmara,apasmāra,Apasmāra,Apasmāra,[Sk. apasmāra,lit. want of memory,apa + <em>smṛ</em>] epilepsy,convulsion,fit J.IV,84. Cp. apamāra. (Page 53),8,1
  2109. 59363,en,15,apassanto,apassanto,Apassanto,Apassanto,etc. see passati. (Page 53),9,1
  2110. 59370,en,15,apassaya,apassaya,Apassaya,Apassaya,[cp. Sk. apāśraya,fr. apasseti] 1. support,rest ThA.258. -- 2. bed,bolster,mattress,in kaṇṭak° a mattress of thorns,a bolster filled with thorns (as cushion for asceties) M.I,78; J I 493; III,235. --<i>sâppassaya</i> with a head rest J.IV,299.<br><br> --<i>pīṭhaka</i> a chair with a head-rest J.III,235. (Page 53),8,1
  2111. 59408,en,15,apassayika,apassayika,Apassayika,Apassayika,(adj.) [fr. apassaya; cp. Sk. apāśrayin --°] reclining on,in kaṇṭaka° one who lies on a bed of thorns (see kaṇṭaka) M.I,78; J.IV,299 (v. l,kaṇḍikesayika); Pug.55. (Page 53),10,1
  2112. 59421,en,15,apassena,apassena,Apassena,Apassena,(nt.) [fr. apasseti] a rest,support,dependence M.III,127 (°ka); D.III,224 (cattāri apassenāni); as adj. caturâpassena one who has the fourfold support viz. saṅkhāy’ekaṃ paṭisevati,adhivāseti,parivajjeti,vinodeti A.V,30.<br><br> --phalaka (cp. Morris J.P.T.S. 1884,71) a bolsterslab,head-rest Vin.I,48; II,175,209. <i>Apahatar</i> [n. ag. to apaharati] one who takes away or removes,destroyer M I 447 = Kvu 528. (Page 53),8,1
  2113. 59450,en,15,apasseti,apasseti,Apasseti,Apasseti,[Sk. apāśrayati,apa + ā + sri] to lean against,have a support in (Acc.),to depend on. -- 1. (lit.) lean against Vin.II,175 (bhitti apassetabbo the wall to be used as a head-rest). -- 2. (fig.) mostly in ger. apassāya dependent upon,depending on,trusting in (Loc. or Acc. or --°) Vin.III,38; J.I,214; PvA.189. -- pp. apassita (q. v.). -- See also avasseti. (Page 53),8,1
  2114. 59463,en,15,apassita,apassita,Apassita,Apassita,[pp. of apasseti] 1. leaning against J.II,69 (tālamūlaṃ = nissāya ṭhita C.). -- 2. depending on,trusting in (c. Acc. or Loc.) Vv 10<sup>1</sup> (parâgāraṃ = nissita VvA.101); J.IV,25 (balamhi = balanissita). See also avassita. (Page 53),8,1
  2115. 59493,en,15,apatacchika,apatacchika,Apatacchika,Apatacchika,only in khārāpatācch° (q. v.) a kind of torture. (Page 51),11,1
  2116. 59494,en,15,apatacchika,āpatacchika,Āpatacchika,Āpatacchika,at J.VI,17 is C. reading for apatacchika in <i>khārâpat°</i> (q. v.). (Page 102),11,1
  2117. 59538,en,15,apatati,āpatati,Āpatati,Āpatati,[ā + patati] to fall on to,to rush on to J.V,349 (= upadhāvati C.); VI,451 (= āgacchati C.); Miln.371. (Page 102),7,1
  2118. 59556,en,15,apatha,āpatha,Āpatha,Āpatha,in micchāpatha,dvedhāpatha as classified in Vbh.Ind. p. 441 should be grouped under <i>patha</i> as micchā°,dvedhā°. (Page 102),6,1
  2119. 59564,en,15,apatha,āpātha,Āpātha,Āpātha,[etym.? Trenckner,Miln.p. 428 says:“I suspect ā. to be corrupted from āpāta (cp. āpatati),under an impression that it is allied to patha; but it is scarcely ever written so”] sphere,range,focus,field (of consciousness or perception; cp. Dhs.trsl. 199),appearance A.II,67; J.I,336; Vbh.321; Miln.298; Vism.21,548; DA.I,228; DhsA.308,333; VvA.232 (°kāla); DhA.IV,85; Sdhp.356. Usually in phrase āpāthaṃ gacchati to come into focus,to become clear,to appear M.I,190; S.IV,160,or °ṃ āgacchati Vin.I,184; A.III,377 sq.; IV,404; Vism.125. Cp. °gata below.<br><br> --gata come into the sphere of,appearing,visible M.I,174 = Nd<sup>2</sup> jhāna (an° unapproached); PvA.23 (āpāthaṃ gata). --gatatta abstr. fr. last:appcarance Vism.617. (Page 102),6,1
  2120. 59588,en,15,apathaka,āpathaka,Āpathaka,Āpathaka,in °jjhāyin Nd<sup>2</sup> 342<sup>2</sup> is read āpādaka° at Nd<sup>1</sup> 226,and āpātaka° at Vism.26. (Page 102),8,1
  2121. 59592,en,15,apathaka,āpāthaka,Āpāthaka,Āpāthaka,(adj.) [fr. āpātha] belonging to the (perceptual) sphere of,visible,in °nisādin lying down visible D.III,44,47. Cp. āpathaka. (Page 102),8,1
  2122. 59791,en,15,apattha,apattha,Apattha,Apattha,<sup>2</sup> 2<sup>nd</sup> pl. pret. of pāpunāti (q. v.). (Page 51),7,1
  2123. 59792,en,15,apattha,apattha,Apattha,Apattha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Sk. apāsta,pp. of apa + <em>as</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>] thrown away Dh.149 (= chaḍḍita DhA.III,112). (Page 51),7,1
  2124. 59812,en,15,apatthapeti,apaṭṭhapeti,Apaṭṭhapeti,Apaṭṭhapeti,[Caus. fr. apa-tiṭṭhati,cp. Sk. apa + <em>sthā</em> to stand aloof] to put aside,leave out,neglect J.IV,308; V,236. (Page 51),11,1
  2125. 59823,en,15,apatthata,apatthaṭa,Apatthaṭa,Apatthaṭa,= avatthaṭa covered Th.1,759. (Page 51),9,1
  2126. 59847,en,15,apatthita,apatthita,Apatthita,Apatthita, &#38; Apatthiya see pattheti. (Page 51),9,1
  2127. 59865,en,15,apatti,āpatti,Āpatti,Āpatti,(f.) [Sk. āpatti,fr. ā + <em>pad</em>,cp. apajjati &#38; BSk. āpatti,e. g,Divy 330] an ecclesiastical offence (cp. Kvu trsl. 362 n. 1),Vin.I,103 (°khandha),164 (°ṃ paṭikaroti),322 (°ṃ passati),354 (avasesā &#38; anavasesā); II,2 sq. (°ṃ ropeti),59,60 (°pariyanta),88 (°adhikaraṇa),259 (°ṃ paṭikaroti); IV,344; D.III,212 (°kusalatā); A.I,84 (id.),87; II,240 (°bhaya); Dhs.1330 sq. (cp. Dhs.trsl. 346). ‹-› <i>anāpatti</i> Vin.III,35.<br><br> <i>°vuṭṭhānatā</i> forgiveness of an offence Vin.II,250 (put before anāpatti). (Page 102),6,1
  2128. 59954,en,15,apattika,āpattika,Āpattika,Āpattika,(adj.) [āpatti + ka,cp. BSk. āpattika Divy 303] guilty of an offence M.I,443; Vin.IV,224. <i>an°</i> Vin.I,127. (Page 102),8,1
  2129. 60127,en,15,apatubha,apāṭubha,Apāṭubha,Apāṭubha,(adj.) [a + pātu + bha (?),at the only passage changed by Morris J. P. T. S. 1893,7 to apāṭuka but without reason] = apāṭuka,i. e. sly,fraudulent J.IV,184 (in context with nekatika; C. expl<sup>s.</sup> apāṭubhāva dhanuppāda-virahita,in which latter virahita does not fit in; the pass. seems corrupt). (Page 53),8,1
  2130. 60143,en,15,apatuka,apāṭuka,Apāṭuka,Apāṭuka,(adj.) [a + pātu + ka (?),Acc. to Morris J.P.T.S. 1893,7 der. fr. apaṭu not sharp,blunt,uncouth. This is hardly correct. See pātur] not open,sly,insidious Th.1,940 (as v. l. for T. avāṭuka,trsl. by Mrs. Rh. D. as “unscrupulous”,by Neumann as “ohne Redlichkeit”). Context suggests a meaning similar to the preceding nekatika,i. e. fraudulent. See also next. (Page 53),7,1
  2131. 60168,en,15,apavadati,apavadati,Apavadati,Apavadati,[apa + vadati] to reproach,reprove,reject,despise D.I,122 (= paṭikkhipati DA.I,290); S.V,118 (+ paṭikkosati). (Page 53),9,1
  2132. 60188,en,15,apavagga,apavagga,Apavagga,Apavagga,[Sk. apavarga] completion,end,final delivery,Nibbāna; in phrase <i>saggâpavagga</i> Dāvs II.62; III,75. (Page 53),8,1
  2133. 60208,en,15,apavahati,apavahati,Apavahati,Apavahati,[apa + vahati] to carry or drive away; Caus. <i>apavāheti</i> to remove,give up Miln.324 (kaddamaṃ). (Page 53),9,1
  2134. 60234,en,15,apavattati,apavattati,Apavattati,Apavattati,[apa + <em>vṛt</em>,cp. Lat. āverto] to turn away or aside,to go away J.IV,347 (v. l. apasakkati). (Page 53),10,1
  2135. 60244,en,15,apaviddha,apaviddha,Apaviddha,Apaviddha,[pp. of apavijjhati,Vedic apa + <em>vyadh</em>] thrown away,rejected,discarded,removed S.I,202; III,143; Sn.200 (susānasmiṃ = chaḍḍita SnA 250); Th.1,635 = Dh.292 (= chaḍḍita DhA.III,452); Pv III,8<sup>2</sup> (susānasmiṃ; so read for T. apaviṭṭha); J.I,255; III,426; YI.90 (= chaḍḍita C.). Sdhp.366. (Page 53),9,1
  2136. 60258,en,15,apavinati,apaviṇāti,Apaviṇāti,Apaviṇāti,is probably misreading for apaciṇāti (see apac° 2). As v. l. at J.V,339 (anapavinanto) for T. anupacinanto (expl<sup>d.</sup> by avaloketi C.). Other vv. ll. are anuvi° &#38; apavī°; meaning “not paying attention”. The positive form we find as apavīṇati “to take care of,to pay attention to” (c. Acc.) at M.I,324,where Trenckner unwarrantedly assumes a special root <em>veṇ</em> (see Notes p. 781),but the vv. ll. to this passage (see M. I.557) with apavīṇāti and apacinati confirm the reading apaciṇāti,as does the gloss apaloketi. (Page 53),9,1
  2137. 60261,en,15,apavinati,apavīṇati,Apavīṇati,Apavīṇati,see apaviṇāti (= apaciṇāti). (Page 53),9,1
  2138. 60271,en,15,apavittha,apaviṭṭha,Apaviṭṭha,Apaviṭṭha,at Pv III 8<sup>2</sup> is to be read <i>apaviddha</i> (q. v.). (Page 53),9,1
  2139. 60274,en,15,apaviyuhati,apaviyūhati,Apaviyūhati,Apaviyūhati,see appabbūhati. (Page 53),11,1
  2140. 60280,en,15,apavyama,apavyāma,Apavyāma,Apavyāma,[apa + vyāma] disrespect,neglect,in phrase apayvāmato (apaby°) karoti to treat disrespectfully,to insult,defile S.I,226 (v. l. abyāmato; C. expl<sup>s.</sup> apabyāmato karitvā abyāmato katvā); Kvu 472 (vv. ll. asabyākato,abyāto,apabyāto; Kvu trsl. 270 n. 1 remarks:“B. trsl.:abyāsakato. The Burmese scholar U. Pandi,suggests we should read apabyākato,by which he understands blasphemously”; it is here comb<sup>d.</sup> with niṭṭhubhati,as at DhA.II,36); DhA.II,36 (“want of forbearance” Ed.; doubtful reading; vv. ll. appabyāyakamma &#38; apasāma). For further detail see apasavya. (Page 53),8,1
  2141. 60289,en,15,apaya,apāya,Apāya,Apāya,[Sk. apāya,fr. apa + <em>i</em>,cp. apeti] “going away” viz. -- 1. separation,loss Dh.211 (piya° = viyoga DhA.III,276). -- 2. loss (of property) D.III,181,182; A.II,166; IV,283; J.III,387 (atth°). -- 3. leakage,out flow (of water) D.I,74; A.II,166; IV,287. -- 4. lapse,falling away (in conduct) D.I,100. -- 5. a transient state of loss and woe after death. Four such states are specified purgatory (niraya),rebirth as an animal,or as a ghost,or as a Titan (Asura). Analogous expressions are <i>vinipāta </i>&<i> duggati</i>. All combined at D.I,82; III,111; A.I,55; It.12,73; Nd<sup>2</sup> under kāya; &#38; freq. elsewhere. -- apāyaduggativinipāta as attr. of saṃsāra S.II,92,232; IV,158,313; V,342; opp. to khīṇâpāya-duggati-vinipāta of an Arahant A.IV,405; V,182 sq. -- See also foll. pass.:M.III,25 (anapāya); Sn.231; Th.2,63; J.IV,299; Pug.51; VvA.118 (opp. sugati); PvA.103; Sdhp.43,75 &#38; cp. niraya,duggati,vinipāta.<br><br> <i>--gāmin</i> going to ruin or leading to a state of suffering DhA.III,175; cp. <i>°gamanīya</i> id. Ps. I.94,<i>°gamanīyatā</i> J.IV,499. <i>--mukha</i> “facing ruin”,leading to destruction (= vināsa-mukha DA.I,268),usually as nt. “cause of ruin” D.I,101 (cattāri apāya mukhāni); III,181,182 (cha bhogānaṃ a° --mukhāni,i. e. causes of the loss of one’s possessions); A.II,166; IV,283,287. <i>--samudda</i> the ocean of distress DhA III 432. <i>--sahāya</i> a spendthrift companion D.III,185. (Page 54),5,1
  2142. 60424,en,15,apayana,apayāna,Apayāna,Apayāna,(nt.) [Sk. apayāna,fr. apayāti] going away,retreat D.I,9 (opp. upa°); DA.I,95. (Page 52),7,1
  2143. 60500,en,15,apayati,apayāti,Apayāti,Apayāti,[Sk. apayāti,apa + <em>yā</em>] to go away J.VI,183 (apāyāti metri causa; expl<sup>d.</sup> by C. as apagacchati palāyati). -- Caus. <i>apayāpeti</i> [Sk. apayāpayati] to make go,drive away,dismiss M.III,176; S.II,119. (Page 52),7,1
  2144. 60532,en,15,apayika,apāyika,Apāyika,Apāyika,(adj.) [also as <i>āpāyika</i> (q. v.); fr. apāya] belonging to the apāyas or states of misery D.I,103; III,6,9,12; It.42; PvA.60 (dukkha). (Page 54),7,1
  2145. 60541,en,15,apayika,āpāyika,Āpāyika,Āpāyika,(adj.-n.) [fr. apāya] one suffering in an apāya or state of misery after death Vin.II,202 = It.85 (v. l. ap°); Vin.II,205; D.I,103; A.I,265; It.42; Vism.16; PvA.60. (Page 102),7,1
  2146. 60562,en,15,apayin,apāyin,Apāyin,Apāyin,(adj.) [fr. apāya] going away J.I,163 (aḍḍharattāv’apāyin = aḍḍharatte apāyin C.). <i>--an°</i> not going away,i. e. constantly following (chāyā anapāyinī,the shadow) Dh.2; Th.1,1041; Miln.72. (Page 54),6,1
  2147. 60604,en,15,apekkha,apekkha,Apekkha,Apekkha,(adj.) [= apekkhā] waiting for,looking for S.I,122 (otāra°). (Page 55),7,1
  2148. 60613,en,15,apekkha,apekkhā,Apekkhā,Apekkhā, &#38; Apekhā (f.) [Sk. apekṣā,fr. apa + <em>īkṣ</em>. The spelling is either kkh or kh,they are both used promiscuously,a tendency towards kh prevailing,as in upekhā,sekha] attention,regard,affection for (Loc.); desire,longing for (c. Loc.) S.I,77; III,132; V,409 (mātā-pitusu); Vin.IV,214; Sn.38 (= vuccati taṇhā etc. Nd<sup>2</sup> 65; = taṇhā sineha SnA 76); J.I,9,141; Th.1,558; Dh.345 (puttesu dāresu ca = taṇhā DhA.IV,56); Dhs.1059,1136 (= ālayakaraṇa-vasena apekkhatī ti apekkhā Dhs.A 365,cp. Dhs.trsl. 279). Freq. as adj. (-°or in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>sa°</i> and <i>an°</i>),viz. Vin.III,90 (visuddha°); S.I,122 (otara°); <i>sa°</i> A.III,258,433; IV,60 sq.; <i>an°</i> without consideration,regardless,indifferent S.V,164; A.III,252,347,434; Sn.200 (anapekkhā honti ñātayo); J.I,9. Cp. anapekkhin &#38; apekkhavant; also B.Sk. avekṣatā. (Page 55),7,1
  2149. 60667,en,15,apekkhati,apekkhati,Apekkhati,Apekkhati,1. [Sk. apīkṣate,apa + <em>īkṣ</em>] to desire,long for,look for,expect Sn.435 (kāme n’âpekkhate cittaṃ),773 (ppr. apekkhamāna); J.IV,226 (id.); Dhs.A 365. anapekkhamāna paying no attention to (Acc.) Sn.59; J.V,359. ‹-› 2. [Sk. avīkṣate,ava + <em>īkṣ</em>; see avekkḥati] to consider,refer to,look at,ger. apekkhitvā (cp. Sk. avīkṣya) with reference to VvA.13. -- pp. <i>apekkhita</i> (q. v.). (Page 55),9,1
  2150. 60675,en,15,apekkhavant,apekkhavant,Apekkhavant,Apekkhavant,(adj.) [fr. apekkhā] full of longing or desire,longing,craving Vin.IV,214; S.III,16; Th.1,558; J.V,453 (= sataṇha); SnA. 76. (Page 55),11,1
  2151. 60689,en,15,apekkhin,apekkhin,Apekkhin,Apekkhin,(adj.) [Sk. apekṣin,but B.Sk. avekṣin,e.g. Jtm 215; fr. apa + <i>īkṣ</i>] considering,regarding,expecting,looking for; usually neg. <i>an°</i> indifferent (against) = Loc.) S.I,16,77; II,281; III,19,87; Sn.166 (kāmesu),823 (id.),857; Dh.346. Cp. apekkhavant. (Page 55),8,1
  2152. 60696,en,15,apekkhita,apekkhita,Apekkhita,Apekkhita,[pp. of apekkhati] taken care of,looked after,considered J.VI,142,149 (= olokita C.). (Page 55),9,1
  2153. 60739,en,15,apesiya,apesiya,Apesiya,Apesiya,(nt.) [? of uncertain origin] a means of barring a door Vin.II,154 (Bdhgh. expl<sup>ns</sup> on p. 321:apesī ti dīghadārumhi khāṇuke pavesetvā kaṇḍaka-sākhāhi vinandhitvā kataṃ dvāra-tthakanakaṃ). (Page 55),7,1
  2154. 60744,en,15,apesiyamana,apesiyamāna,Apesiyamāna,Apesiyamāna,(adj.) [ppr. fr. a + peseti (q. v.)] not being in service Vin.II,177. (Page 55),11,1
  2155. 60759,en,15,apeta,apeta,Apeta,Apeta,(adj.) [pp. of apeti] gone away; (med.) freed of,rid of,deprived of (Instr.,Abl. or °-) Dh.9 (damasaccena); PvA.35 (dukkhato); usually °- in sense of “without,--less”,e. g. apeta-kaddama free from mud,stainless Dh.95; °vattha without dress J.V,16; °viññāṇa without feeling,senseless Dh.41; Th.2,468; °viññāṇattaṃ senselessness,lack of feeling PvA.63. (Page 55),5,1
  2156. 60809,en,15,apetatta,apetatta,Apetatta,Apetatta,(nt.) [abstr. to apeta] absence (of) PvA.92. (Page 55),8,1
  2157. 60830,en,15,apeti,apeti,Apeti,Apeti,[apa + <i>i</i>,cp. Gr. a]/peimi,Lat. abeo,Goth. af-iddja] to go away,to disappear D.I,180 (upeti pi apeti pi); J.I,292; Sn.1143 (= n’apagacchanti na vijahanti Nd<sup>2</sup> 66). -- pp. <i>apeta</i> (q. v.). (Page 55),5,1
  2158. 60839,en,15,apeti,āpeti,Āpeti,Āpeti,[Caus. of āp,see appoti &#38; pāpuṇāti] to cause to reach or obtain J.VI,46. Cp. vy°. (Page 102),5,1
  2159. 60853,en,15,apetteyyata,apetteyyatā,Apetteyyatā,Apetteyyatā,(f.) [a + petteyyatā,abstr. fr. *paitṛya fatherly] in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>amatteyyatā</i> irreverence against father and mother D.III,70 (cp. Dh.332 &#38; DhA.IV,34). (Page 55),11,1
  2160. 60864,en,15,apeyya,apeyya,Apeyya,Apeyya,(adj.) [a + peyya,grd. of <em>pā</em>] not to be drunk,not drinkable J.VI,205 (sāgara). (Page 55),6,1
  2161. 61001,en,15,aphegguka,aphegguka,Aphegguka,Aphegguka,(adj.) [a + pheggu + ka] not weak,i. e strong J.III,318. (Page 58),9,1
  2162. 61024,en,15,aphusa,aphusa,Aphusa,Aphusa,[Sk. *aspṛśya,a + grd. of phusati to touch] not to be touched Miln.157 (trsl. unchangeable by other circumstances; Tr. on p. 425 remarks “aphusāni kiriyāni seems wrong,at any rate it is unintelligible to me”). (Page 58),6,1
  2163. 61042,en,15,aphusati,āphusati,Āphusati,Āphusati,[ā + phusati] to feel,realise,attain to,reach; aor. āphusi Vv 16<sup>9</sup> (= adhigacchi VvA.84). (Page 102),8,1
  2164. 61081,en,15,api,api,Api,Api,(indecl.) [Sk. api &#38; pi; Idg. *epi *pi *opi; cp. Gr. e]/pi on to,o]/pi (o)/piqen behind,o]piζsa back = close at one’s heels); Lat. ob. in certain functions; Goth. iftuma. ‹-› The assimil. form before vowels is <i>app°</i> (= Sk. apy°). See further details under <i>pi</i>.] both prep. &#38; conj.,orig. meaning “close by”,then as prep. “towards,to,on to,on” and as adv. “later,and,moreover”. -- 1 (prep. &#38; pref.) (a) prep. c. Loc.:<i>api ratte</i> later on in the night (q. v.) -- (b) pref.:<i>apidhāna</i> putting on to; <i>apiḷahati</i> bind on to,apihita (= Gr. e)piqetόs,epithet) put on to,(q. v.). -- 2. (conj. &#38; part.). (a) in affirmative sentences meaning primarily “moreover,further,and then,even”:-- (a) (single) prothetic:api dibbesu kāmesu even in heavenly joys Dh.187; ko disvā na pasīdeyya api kaṇhâbhijātiko even an unfortunate-born Sn.563 api yojanāni gacchāma,even for leagues we go Pv IV.10<sup>7</sup> (= anekāni yojanāni pi g. PvA.270. Epithetic (more freq. in the form <i>pi</i>):muhuttam api even a little while Dh.106,107; aham api daṭṭhukāmo I also wish to see Sn.685. Out of prothetic use (= even = even if) develops the conditional meaning of “if”,as in api sakkuṇemu (and then we may = if we may) J.V,24 (c. = api nāma sakkuṇeyyāma; see further under b app’eva nāma). -- <i>api-api</i> in correlation corresponds to Lat. et-et Sk ca-ca,meaning both . . . and,and . . . as well as, &#38; is esp. freq. in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>app’ekacce </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> app’ekacce</i> (and) some . . . and others,i. e. some . . . others [not with Kern Toev. s. v. to <i>appa!</i>],e. g. at D.I,118; Th.2,216; VvA.208,etc. <i>--app’ekadā</i> “morever once” = sometimes Vin.IV,178; S.I,162; IV,111; J.I,67; DhA.III,303,etc. -- (b) (in comb<sup>n</sup> with other emphatic or executive particles) <i>api ca</i> further,and also,moreover D.I,96; Miln.25,47. <i>--api ca kho</i> moreover,and yet,still,all the same It.89 (+ pana v. l.); Miln.20,239. <i>--api ca kho pana</i> all the same,never mind,nevertheless J.I,253. <i>--api ssu</i> so much so Vin.II,76. <i>--app’eva nāma</i> (with pot.) (either) surely,indeed,yes,I reckon,(or) I presume,it is likely that,perhaps Vin.I,16 (surely); II,85 (id.); cp. pi D.I,205 (sve pi upasaṅkameyyāma tomorrow I shall surely come along),226 (siyā thus shall it be); M.I,460 = It.89 (moreover,indeed); J.I,168 (surely) Vin.II,262 (perhaps) J.V,421 (id.,piyavācaṃ labheyyāma). -- (b) in interrog.-dubit. sentences as part. of interrog. (w. indic. or pot.) corresponding to Lat. nonne,i e. awaiting an affirmative answer (“not,not then”):api Yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ passeyya do you not see . . . Vin.I,16; api samaṇa balivadde addasā have you not then seen . . . S.I,115; api kiñci labhāmase shall we then not get anything? J.III,26; api me pitaraṃ passatha do you then not see my father? PvA.38. -- Also comb<sup>d.</sup> with other interr. part. e. g. <i>api nu</i> J. II.415. (Page 54),3,1
  2165. 61094,en,15,apidahati,apidahati,Apidahati,Apidahati,[api + <em>dhā</em>,cp. Gr. e)piti(qhmi] to put on (see api 1 b),to cover up,obstruct,J.V,60 (inf. apidhetuṃ). pp. <i>apihita</i>,Pass. <i>apithīyati</i>,Der. apidhāna (q. v.). (Page 55),9,1
  2166. 61104,en,15,apidhana,apidhāna,Apidhāna,Apidhāna,(nt.) [Vedic apidhāna in same meaning] cover,lid Vin.I,203,204; II,122. See apidahati. (Page 55),8,1
  2167. 61127,en,15,apiha,apiha,Apiha,Apiha,(adj.) [apihālu? a + piha,uncertain origin,see next. Morris J.P.I,S. 1886 takes it as a + spṛha] “unhankering” (Mrs Rh. D.) S I 181 (+ akaṅkha; v. l. BB asita). (Page 55),5,1
  2168. 61139,en,15,apihalu,apihālu,Apihālu,Apihālu,(adj.) [a + pihālu,analysed by Fausböll Sn. Gloss. p. 229 as a-spṛhayālu,but Bdhgh evidently different (see below)] not hankering,free from craving,not greedy S.I,187 = Th.1,1218 (akuhako nipako apihālu); Sn.852 (+ amaccharin,expl<sup>d.</sup> at SnA 549 as apihana-sīlo,patthanātanhāya rahito ti vuttaṃ hoti,thus perhaps taking it as a + pi (= api) + hana (fr. <i>dhā</i>,cp. pidahati &#38; pihita); cp. also Nd<sup>2</sup> 227). (Page 55),7,1
  2169. 61156,en,15,apihita,apihita,Apihita,Apihita,[pp. of apidahati] covered J.IV,4. (Page 55),7,1
  2170. 61177,en,15,apilahati,apiḷahati,Apiḷahati,Apiḷahati, &#38; Apiḷandhati [Sk. apinahyati,on n:ḷ see note on gala, &#38; cp. guṇa:guḷa,veṇu:veḷu etc. On ndh for yh see avanandhati] to tie on,fasten,bind together; to adorn oneself with (Acc.) J.V,400 (ger. apiḷayha = piḷandhitvā C.) -- Cp. apiḷandhana &#38; pp apiladdha. (Page 55),9,1
  2171. 61182,en,15,apilandha,apiḷandha,Apiḷandha,Apiḷandha,(adj.) at Vv 36<sup>1</sup> should be read as <i>apiḷaddha</i> (= Sk. apinaddha) pp. of apiḷandhati (apiḷandhati) “adorned with”,or (with v. l. SS) as <i>apiḷandhana</i>; VvA.167 expl<sup>s.</sup> by analaṅkata,mistaking the <i>a</i> of api for a negation. (Page 55),9,1
  2172. 61188,en,15,apilandhana,apiḷandhana,Apiḷandhana,Apiḷandhana,(nt.) [fr. apiḷandhati,also in shorter ( &#38; more usual) form <i>piḷandhana</i>,q. v.] that which is tied on,i.e. band,ornament,apparel,parure Vv 64<sup>10</sup>,64<sup>18</sup> (expl<sup>d.</sup> inacurately at VvA.279 by; a-kāro nipātamattaṃ,pilandhanaṃ = ābhāraṇaṃ); J.VI,472 (c. pilandhituṃ pi ayuttaṃ?). (Page 55),11,1
  2173. 61211,en,15,apilapana,apilāpana,Apilāpana,Apilāpana,(nt.) [fr. api + <em>lap</em>] counting up,repetition [Kern,Toev,s.v. gives der. fr. a + plāvana] Nett 15,28,54; Miln.37. (Page 55),9,1
  2174. 61223,en,15,apilapanata,apilāpanatā,Apilāpanatā,Apilāpanatā,(f.) in the pass. at Dhs.14 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 628 is evidently meant to be taken as a + pilāpana + tā (fr. pilavati,<i>plu</i>),but whether the der. &#38; interpret. of Dhs.A is correct,we are unable to say. On general principles it looks like popular etym. Mrs. Rh. D. translates (p. 16) “opposite of superficiality” (lit “not floating”); see her detailed note Dhs.trsl. 16. (Page 55),11,1
  2175. 61234,en,15,apilapeti,apilāpeti,Apilāpeti,Apilāpeti,[api + <em>lap</em>] “to talk close by”,i. e. to count up,recite,or:talk idly,boast of Miln.37 (sāpatheyyaṃ). (Page 55),9,1
  2176. 61261,en,15,apiratte,apiratte,Apiratte,Apiratte,[read api ratte,see api 1 a] later in the night J.VI,560. (Page 55),8,1
  2177. 61305,en,15,apithiyati,apithīyati,Apithīyati,Apithīyati,[for apidhīyati; api + <em>dhā</em>] Pass. of <i>apidahati</i> to be obstructed,covered,barred,obscured J.II,158. See also <i>pithīyati</i>. (Page 55),10,1
  2178. 61316,en,15,apitika,apitika,Apitika,Apitika,(adj.) [a + pitika] fatherless J.V,251. (Page 54),7,1
  2179. 61328,en,15,apiyati,āpiyati,Āpiyati,Āpiyati,[fr. ṛ,cp. appāyati &#38; appeti] to be in motion (in etym. of āpo) Vism.364. (Page 102),7,1
  2180. 61471,en,15,appa,appa,Appa,Appa,(adj.) [Vedic alpa,cp. Gr. a]lapάzw (lapάzw) to empty (to make little),a]lapadnόs weak; Lith. alpnas weak,alpstù to faint] small,little,insignificant,often in the sense of “very little = (next to) nothing” (so in most cpds.); thus expl<sup>d.</sup> at VvA.334 as equivalent to a negative part. (see appodaka) D.I,61 (opp. mahant,DA.I,170 = parittaka); Sn.713,775,805,896 (= appaka,omaka,thoka,lamaka,jatukka,parittaka Nd<sup>1</sup> 306); Dh.174; J.I,262; Pug.39. -- nt. <i>appaṃ</i> a little,a small portion,a trifle; pl. appāni small things,trifles A.II,26 = It.102; A.II,138; Dh.20 (= thokaṃ eka-vagga-dvi-vagga-mattam pi DhA.I,158),224 (°smiṃ yācito asked for little),259.<br><br> <i>--aggha</i> of little value (opp. mahaggha priceless) J.I,9; Pug.33; DhA.IV,184. <i>--assāda</i> [BSk. alpâsvāda,cp. Divy 224 = Dh.186; alpa + ā + <em>svād</em>] of little taste or enjoyment,affording little pleasure (always used of kāmā) Vin.II,25 = M.I,130 = A.III,97 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 71; Sn.61; Dh 186 (= supina-sadisatāya paritta-sukha DhA III 240); Th.2,358 (= ThA.244); J.II,313; Vism.124. <i>--ātaṅka</i> little (or no) illness,freedom from illness,good health (= appābādha with which often comb<sup>d.</sup>) [BSk. alpātaṅka &#38; alpātaṅkatā] D.I,204 (+ appābādha); III,166; A.III,65,103; Miln.14. <i>--ābādha</i> same as appātaṅka (q. v.) D.I,204; III,166,237; M.II,125; A.I,25; II,88; III,30,65 sq.,103,153; Pv IV.1<sup>44</sup>; <i>°ābādhatā</i> id. [cp. BSk. alpābādhatā good health] A.I,38. <i>--āyuka</i> short lived D.I,18; PvA.103,also as <i>°āyukin</i> Vv 41<sup>6</sup>. <i>--āhāra</i> taking little or no food,fasting M.II,5; Sn.165 (= ekāsana-bhojitāya ca parimita-bhojitāya ca SnA 207),also as <i>°āhāratā</i> M.I,245; II,5. <i>--odaka</i> having little or no water,dry Sn.777 (macche va appodake khīṇasote = parittodake Nd<sup>1</sup> 50); Vv 84<sup>3</sup> (+ appabhakkha; expl<sup>d.</sup> at VvA.334 as “appa-saddo h’ettha abhāvattho appiccho appanigghoso ti ādisu viya”); J.I,70; DhA.IV,12. <i>--kasira</i> in Instr. °kasirena with little or no difficulty D.I,251; S.V,51; Th.1,16. <i>--kicca</i> having few duties,free from obligations,free from care Sn.144 (= appaṃ kiccaṃ assā ti KhA 241). <i>--gandha</i> not smelling or having a bad smell Miln.252 (opp. sugandha). <i>--ṭṭha</i> “standing in little”; i. e. connected with little trouble D.I,143; A.I,169. <i>--thāmaka</i> having little or no strength,weak S.IV,206. <i>--dassa</i> having little knowledge or wisdom Sn.1134 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 69; expl<sup>d.</sup> by paritta-pañña SnA 605). <i>--nigghosa</i> with little sound,quiet,still,soundless (cp. VvA.334,as quoted above under °odaka) A.V,15 (+ appasadda); Sn.338; Nd<sup>1</sup> 377; Miln.371. <i>--pañña</i>,of little wisdom J.II,166; III,223,263. <i>--puñña</i> of little merit M.II,5. <i>--puññatā</i> having little merit,unworthiness Pv IV.10<sup>7</sup>. <i>--phalatā</i> bringing little fruit PvA.139. <i>--bhakkha</i> having little or nothing to eat Vv 84<sup>3</sup>. <i>--bhoga</i> having little wealth,i. e. poor,indigent Sn.114 (= sannicitānaṃ ca bhogānaṃ āyamukhassa ca abhāvato SnA 173). <i>--maññati</i> to consider as small,to underrate:see separately. <i>--matta</i> little,slight,mean,(usually as °ka; not to be confounded with appamatta<sup>2</sup>) A.III,275; J.I,242; also meaning “contented with little” (of the bhikkhu) It.103 = A.II,27; f. <i>°ā</i> trifle,smallness,însignificance D.I,91; DA.I,55. <i>--mattaka</i> small,insignificant,trifling,nt. a trifle (cp. °matta) Vin 1,213; II,177 (°vissajjaka the distributor of little things,cp. A.III,275 &#38; Vin.IV,38,155); D.I,3 (= appamattā etassā ti appamattakaṃ DA.I,55); J.I,167; III,12 (= aṇu); PvA.262. <i>--middha</i> “little slothful”,i. e. diligent,alert Miln.412. <i>--rajakkha</i> having little or no obtuseness D.II,37; M.I,169; Sdhp.519. <i>--ssaka</i> having little of one’s own,possessing little A.I,261; II,203. <i>--sattha</i> having few or no companious,lonely,alone Dh.123. <i>--sadda</i> free from noise,quiet M.II,2,23,30; A.V,15; Sn.925 (= appanigghosa Nd<sup>1</sup> 377); Pug.35; Miln.371. <i>--siddhika</i> bringing little success or welfare,dangerous J.IV,4 (= mandasiddhi vināsabahula C.); VI,34 (samuddo a. bahu-antarāyiko). <i>--ssuta</i> possessing small knowledge,ignorant,uneducated D.I,93 (opp. bahussuta); III,252,282; S.IV,242; It.59; Dh.152; Pug.20,62; Dhs.1327. <i>--harita</i> having little or no grass S.I,169; Sn.p. 15 (= paritta-harita-tiṇa SnA 154). (Page 55),4,1
  2181. 61562,en,15,appabhoti,appabhoti,Appabhoti,Appabhoti,(Appahoti) see <i>pahoti</i>. (Page 57),9,1
  2182. 61619,en,15,appaccaya,appaccaya,Appaccaya,Appaccaya,[a + paccaya] 1. (n.) discontent,dissatisfaction,dejection,sulkiness D.I,3 (= appatītā honti tena atuṭṭhā asomanassitā ti appacayo; domanass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ DA.I,52); III,159; M.I,442; A.I,79,124,187; II,203; III,181 sq.; IV,168,193; J.II,277; Sn.p. 92 (kapa + dosa + appacaya); Vv 83<sup>31</sup> (= domanassaṃ VvA.343); SnA 423 (= appatītaṃ domanassaṃ). -- 2. (adj.) unconditioned Dhs.1084,1437. (Page 56),9,1
  2183. 61712,en,15,appadhamsa,appadhaṃsa,Appadhaṃsa,Appadhaṃsa,(adj.) [= appadhaṃsiya,Sk. apradhvaṃsya] not to be destroyed J.IV,344 (v. l. duppadhaṃsa). (Page 57),10,1
  2184. 61722,en,15,appadhamsika,appadhaṃsika,Appadhaṃsika,Appadhaṃsika,( &#38; °iya) (adj.) [grd. of a + padhaṃseti] not to be violated or destroyed,inconquerable,indestructible D.III,175 (°ika,v. l. °iya); J.III,159 (°iya); VvA.208 (°iya); PvA.117 (°iya). Cp. <i>appadhaṃsa</i>. (Page 57),12,1
  2185. 61731,en,15,appadhamsita,appadhaṃsita,Appadhaṃsita,Appadhaṃsita,(adj.) [pp. of a + padhaṃseti] not violated,unhurt,not offended Vin.IV,229. (Page 57),12,1
  2186. 61785,en,15,appaduttha,appaduṭṭha,Appaduṭṭha,Appaduṭṭha,(adj.) [a + paduṭṭha] not corrupt,faultless,of good behaviour Sn.662 (= padosâbhāvena a. SnA 478); Dh.137 (= niraparādha DhA.III,70). (Page 57),10,1
  2187. 61808,en,15,appagabbha,appagabbha,Appagabbha,Appagabbha,(adj.) [a + pagabbha] unobtrusive,free from boldness,modest S.II,198 = Miln.389,Sn.144,852 (cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 228 &#38; KhA 232); Dh.245. (Page 56),10,1
  2188. 61919,en,15,appahina,appahīna,Appahīna,Appahīna,(adj.) [a + pahīna,pp. of pahāyati] not given up,not renounced M.I,386; It.56,57; Nd<sup>2</sup> 70 D<sup>1</sup>; Pug.12,18. (Page 57),8,1
  2189. 62105,en,15,appaka,appaka,Appaka,Appaka,(adj.) [appa + ka] little,small,trifling; pl. few. nt. <i>°ṃ</i> adv. a little D.II,4; A.V,232 sq.,253 sq.; Sn.909 (opp. bahu); Dh.85 (appakā = thokā na bahū DhA.II,160); Pv.I,10<sup>2</sup> (= paritta PvA.48); II,9<sup>39</sup>; Pug.62; PvA.6,60 (= paritta). f. <i>appikā</i> J.I,228. -- Instr. <i>appakena</i> by little,i. e. easily DA.I,256. <i>--anappaka</i> not little,i. e. much,considerable,great; pl. many S.IV,46; Dh.144; Pv.I,11<sup>7</sup> (= bahū PvA.58); PvA.24,25 (read anappake pi for T. °appakeci; so also KhA 208). (Page 56),6,1
  2190. 62127,en,15,appakara,appakāra,Appakāra,Appakāra,(adj.) [a + pakāra] not of natural form,of bad appearance,ugly,deformed J.V,69 (= sarīrappakāra-rahita dussaṇṭhāna C.). Cp. apākatika. (Page 56),8,1
  2191. 62199,en,15,appakinna,appakiṇṇa,Appakiṇṇa,Appakiṇṇa,[appa + kiṇṇa,although in formation also = a + pakiṇṇa] little or not crowded,not overheaped A.V,15 (C. anākiṇṇa). (Page 56),9,1
  2192. 62245,en,15,appamada,appamāda,Appamāda,Appamāda,[a + pamāda] thoughtfulness,carefulness,conscientiousness,watchfulness,vigilance,earnestness,zeal D.I,13 (:a. vuccati satiyā avippavāso DA.I,104); III,30,104 sq.,112,244,248,272; M.I,477 (°phala); S.I,25,86,158,214; II,29,132; IV,78 (°vihārin),97,125,252 sq.; V,30 sq. (°sampadā),41 sq.,91,135,240,250,308,350; A.I,16,50. (°adhigata); III,330,364,449; IV,28 (°gāravatā) 120 (°ṃ garu-karoti); V,21,126 (kusalesu dhammesu); Sn.184,264,334 (= sati-avippavāsa-saṅkhāta a. SnA 339); It.16 (°ṃ pasaṃsanti puññakiriyāsu paṇḍitā),74 (°vihārin); Dh.57 (°vihārin,cp. DhA.I,434); 327 (°rata = satiyā avippavāse abhirata DhA.IV,26); Dāvs II. 35; KhA 142. (Page 57),8,1
  2193. 62390,en,15,appamana,appamāṇa,Appamāṇa,Appamāṇa,(freq. spelled <i>appamāna</i>) (adj.) [a + pamāṇa] 1. “without measure”,immeasurable,endless,boundless,unlimited,unrestricted all-permeating S.IV,186 (°cetaso); A.II,73; V,63; Sn.507 (mettaṃ cittaṃ bhāvayaṃ appāmāṇaṃ = anavasesa-pharaṇena SnA 417; cp. appamaññā); It.21 (mettā),78; J.II,61; Ps.II,126 sq.; Vbh.16,24,49,62,326 sq.; Dhs.182,1021,1024,1405; DhsA.45,196 (°gocara,cp. anantagocara). See also on term Dhs.trsl. 60. -- 2. “without difference”,irrelevant,in general (in commentary style) J.I,165; II,323. (Page 57),8,1
  2194. 62515,en,15,appamanna,appamaññā,Appamaññā,Appamaññā,(f.) [a + pamaññā,abstr. fr. pamāṇa = Sk. *pramānya] boundlessness,infinitude,as psych. t. t. appl<sup>d.</sup> in later books to the four varieties of philanthropy,viz. <i>mettā karuṃā muditā upekkhā</i> i. e. love,pity,sympathy,desinterestedness,and as such enum<sup>d.</sup> at D.III,223 (q. v. for detailed ref. as to var. passages); Ps.I,84; Vbh.272 sq.; DhsA.195. By itself at Sn.507 (= mettajjhānasaṅkhātā a. SnA 417). See for further expl<sup>n.</sup> Dhs.trsl. p. 66 and mettā. (Page 57),9,1
  2195. 62529,en,15,appamannati,appamaññati,Appamaññati,Appamaññati,[appa + maññati] to think little of,to underrate,despise Dh.121 (= avajānāti DhA.III,16; v. l. avapamaññati). (Page 57),11,1
  2196. 62554,en,15,appamatta,appamatta,Appamatta,Appamatta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [a + pamatta,pp. of pamadati] not negligent,i. e. diligent,careful,heedful,vigilant,alert,zealous M.I,391--92; S.I,4; Sn.223 (cp. KhA 169),507,779 (cp. Nd<sup>1</sup> 59); Dh.22 (cp. DhA.I,229); Th.2,338 = upaṭṭhitasati Th.A 239). (Page 57),9,1
  2197. 62555,en,15,appamatta,appamatta,Appamatta,Appamatta,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [appa + matta] see <i>appa</i>. (Page 57),9,1
  2198. 62624,en,15,appameyya,appameyya,Appameyya,Appameyya,(adj.) [a + pameyya = Sk. aprameya,grd. of a + pra + <i>mā</i>] immeasurable,infinite,boundless M.I,386; S.V,400; A.I,266; Th.1,1089 (an°); Pug.35; Miln.331; Sdhp.338. (Page 57),9,1
  2199. 62682,en,15,appana,appanā,Appanā,Appanā,(f.) [cp. Sk. arpaṇa,abstr. fr. appeti = arpayati from of <i>ṛ</i>,to fix,turn,direct one’s mind; see appeti] application (of mind),ecstasy,fixing of thought on an object,conception (as psychol. t. t.) J.II,61 (°patta); Miln.62 (of vitakka); Dhs.7,21,298; Vism.144 (°samādhi); DhsA.55,142 (def. by Bdhg. as “ekaggaṃ cittaṃ ārammaṇe appeti”),214 (°jhāna). See on term Cpd. pp. 56 sq.,68,129,215; Dhs.trsl. XXVIII,10,53,82,347. (Page 57),6,1
  2200. 62732,en,15,appanaka,appāṇaka,Appāṇaka,Appāṇaka,(adj.) [a + pāṇa + ka] breathless,i. e. (1) holding one’s breath in a form of ecstatic meditation (jhāna) M.I,243; J.I,67 [cp. BSk. āsphānaka Lal.V,314,324; M Vastu II.124; should the Pāli form be taken as *a + prāṇaka?]. (2) not holding anything breathing,i. e. inanimate,lifeless,not containing life Sn.p. 15 (of water). (Page 57),8,1
  2201. 62897,en,15,appanihita,appaṇihita,Appaṇihita,Appaṇihita,(adj.) [a + paṇihita] aimless,not bent on anything,free from desire,usually as nt. aimlessness,comb<sup>d.</sup> w. <i>animittaṃ</i> Vin.III,92,93 = IV.25; Dhs.351,508,556. See on term Cpd. 67; Dhs.trsl. 93,143 &#38; cp. paṇihita. (Page 57),10,1
  2202. 63091,en,15,appasada,appasāda,Appasāda,Appasāda,see <i>pasāda</i>. (Page 57),8,1
  2203. 63242,en,15,appassada,appassāda,Appassāda,Appassāda,see <i>appa</i>. (Page 57),9,1
  2204. 63331,en,15,appati°,appaṭi°,Appaṭi°,Appaṭi°,[a + paṭi°] see in general under <i>paṭi°</i>. (Page 56),7,1
  2205. 63393,en,15,appatibhaga,appaṭibhāga,Appaṭibhāga,Appaṭibhāga,(adj) [a + paṭibhāga] not having a counterpart,unequalled,incomparable DhA.I,423 (= anuttara). (Page 56),11,1
  2206. 63404,en,15,appatibhana,appaṭibhāṇa,Appaṭibhāṇa,Appaṭibhāṇa,(adj.) [a + paṭibhāṇa] not answering back,bewildered,cowed down Vin.III,162; A.III,57; <i>°ṃ karoti</i> to intimidate,bewilder J.V,238,369. (Page 56),11,1
  2207. 63468,en,15,appaticchavi,appaṭicchavi,Appaṭicchavi,Appaṭicchavi,(adj.) at Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup> is faulty reading for <i>sampatitacchavi</i> (v. l.). (Page 56),12,1
  2208. 63477,en,15,appatigandhika,appaṭigandhika,Appaṭigandhika,Appaṭigandhika, &#38; °iya (adj.) [a + paṭi + gandha + ika] not smelling disagreeable,i. e. with beautiful smell,scented,odorous J.V,405 (°ika,but C. °iya; expl<sup>d.</sup> by sugandhena udakena samannāgata); VI,518; Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup>; III,2<sup>26</sup>. (Page 56),14,1
  2209. 63531,en,15,appatigha,appaṭigha,Appaṭigha,Appaṭigha,(adj.) [a + paṭigha] (a) not forming an obstacle,not injuring,unobstructive Sn.42 (see expl<sup>d.</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 239; SnA 88 expl<sup>s.</sup> “katthaci satte vā saṅkhāre vā bhayena na paṭihaññatī ti a.”). -- (b) psychol. t. t. appl<sup>d.</sup> to rūpa:not reacting or impinging (opp. sappaṭigha) D.III,217; Dhs.660,756,1090,1443. (Page 56),9,1
  2210. 63718,en,15,appatikarika,appaṭikārika,Appaṭikārika,Appaṭikārika,(adj.) [a + paṭikārika] “not providing against”,i. e. not making good,not making amends for,destructive J.V,418 (spelling here &#38; in C. appati°). (Page 56),12,1
  2211. 63743,en,15,appatikkhippa,appaṭikkhippa,Appaṭikkhippa,Appaṭikkhippa,(adj.) [a + paṭikkhippa,grd. of paṭikkhipati] not to be refused J.II,370. (Page 56),13,1
  2212. 63768,en,15,appatikopeti,appaṭikopeti,Appaṭikopeti,Appaṭikopeti,[a + paṭikopeti] not to disturb,shake or break (fig.) J.V,173 (uposathaṃ). (Page 56),12,1
  2213. 63859,en,15,appatima,appaṭima,Appaṭima,Appaṭima,(adj.) [a + paṭima fr. prep. paṭi but cp. Vedic apratimāna fr. prati + <em>mā</em>] matchless,incomparable,invaluable Th.1,614; Miln.239. (Page 56),8,1
  2214. 64030,en,15,appatisama,appaṭisama,Appaṭisama,Appaṭisama,(adj.) [a + paṭi = sama; cp. BSk. apratisama M Vastu I.104] not having it’s equal,incomparable J.I,94 (Baddha-sirī). (Page 57),10,1
  2215. 64072,en,15,appatisandhika,appaṭisandhika,Appaṭisandhika,Appaṭisandhika,(and <i>°iya</i>) (adj.) [a + paṭisandhi + ka (ya)] 1. what cannot be put together again,unmendable,irreparable (°iya) Pv.I,12<sup>9</sup> (= puna pākatiko na hoti PvA.66) = J.III,167 (= paṭipākatiko kātuṃ na sakkā C.). ‹-› 2. incapable of reunion,not subject to reunion,i. e. to rebirth J.V,100 (°bhāva). (Page 57),14,1
  2216. 64102,en,15,appatisankha,appaṭisaṅkhā,Appaṭisaṅkhā,Appaṭisaṅkhā,(f.) [a + paṭisaṅkhā] want of judgment Pug.21 = Dhs.1346. (Page 57),12,1
  2217. 64172,en,15,appatissa,appatissa,Appatissa,Appatissa,( &#38; appaṭissa) (adj.) [a + paṭi + <em>śru</em>] not docile,rebellious,always in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>agārava</i> A.II,20; III,7 sq.,14 sq.,247,439. Appatissa-vāsa an unruly state,anarchy J.II,352. See also <i>paṭissā</i>. (Page 57),9,1
  2218. 64194,en,15,appatissavata,appaṭissavatā,Appaṭissavatā,Appaṭissavatā,(f.) [a + paṭissavatā] want of deference Pug.20 = Dhs.1325. (Page 57),13,1
  2219. 64222,en,15,appatita,appatīta,Appatīta,Appatīta,(adj.) [a + patīta,of prati + <i>i</i>,Sk. pratīta] dissatisfied,displeased,disappointed (cp. appaccaya) J.V,103 (at this passage preferably to be read with v. l. as <i>appatika</i> = without husband,C. expl<sup>s.</sup> assāmika),155 (cp. C. on p. 156); DA.I,52; SnA 423. (Page 57),8,1
  2220. 64237,en,15,appatittha,appatiṭṭha,Appatiṭṭha,Appatiṭṭha,(adj.) [a + patiṭṭha] 1. not standing still S.I,1. -- 2. without a footing or ground to stand on,bottomless Sn.173. (Page 57),10,1
  2221. 64295,en,15,appativana,appaṭivāṇa,Appaṭivāṇa,Appaṭivāṇa,(nt.) [a + paṭivāṇa,for °vrāṇa,the guṇa-form of <i>vṛ</i>,cp. Sk. prativāraṇa] non-obstruction,not hindering,not opposing or contradicting A.I,50; III,41; V,93 sq.; adj. J.I,326. (Page 56),10,1
  2222. 64314,en,15,appativani,appaṭivāṇī,Appaṭivāṇī,Appaṭivāṇī,(f.) [almost identical w. appaṭivāṇitā,only used in diff. phrase] non-hindrance,non-restriction,free action,<i>impulsive</i> effort; only in stock phrase <i>chando vāyāmo ussāho ussoḷhī appaṭivāṇī</i> S.II,132; V,440; A.II,93,195; III,307 sq.; IV,320; Nd<sup>2</sup> under chanda C. [cp. similarly Divy 654]. (Page 56),10,1
  2223. 64322,en,15,appativanita,appaṭivāṇitā,Appaṭivāṇitā,Appaṭivāṇitā,(f.) [abstr. from (ap)paṭivāṇa] not being hindered,non-obstruction,free effort; only in phrase <i>“asantuṭṭhitā ca kusalesu dhammesu appaṭivāṇitā ca padhānasmiṃ”</i> (discontent with good states and the not shrinking back in the struggle Dhs.trsl. 358) A.I,50,95 = D.III,214 = Dhs.1367. (Page 56),12,1
  2224. 64328,en,15,appativaniya,appaṭivāṇīya,Appaṭivāṇīya,Appaṭivāṇīya,(adj.) [grd. of a + paṭi + <em>vṛ</em><i>;</i> cp. BSk. aprativāṇiḥ Divy 655; M Vastu III,343] not to be obstructed,irresistible S.I,212 (appl<sup>d.</sup> to Nibbāna; Mrs. Rh. D. Kindred S. p. 274 trsls. “that source from whence there is no turning back”),Th.2,55. (Page 56),12,1
  2225. 64342,en,15,appativattiya,appaṭivattiya,Appaṭivattiya,Appaṭivattiya,(adj.) [a + paṭi + vattiya = vṛtya,grd. or <em>vṛt</em>] (a) not to be rolled back Sn.554 (of dhammacakka,may however be taken in meaning of b.). -- (b) irresistable J.II,245 (sīhanada). Note. The spelling with ṭ is only found as v. l. at J.II,245; otherwise as t. (Page 56),13,1
  2226. 64371,en,15,appativekkhiya,appaṭivekkhiya,Appaṭivekkhiya,Appaṭivekkhiya,[ger. of a + paṭi + avekkhati] not observing or noticing J.IV,4 (= apaccavekkhitvā anavekkhitvā C.). (Page 57),14,1
  2227. 64378,en,15,appativibhatta,appaṭivibhatta,Appaṭivibhatta,Appaṭivibhatta,(°bhogin) (adj.) [a + paṭi + vibhatta] (not eating) without sharing with others (with omission of another negative:see Trenckner,Miln.p. 429,where also Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n.</sup>) A III289; Miln.373; cp. Miln.trsl. II.292. (Page 57),14,1
  2228. 64392,en,15,appatividdha,appaṭividdha,Appaṭividdha,Appaṭividdha,(adj.) [a + paṭi + viddha] “not shot through” i. e. unhurt J.VI,446. (Page 57),12,1
  2229. 64615,en,15,appavatta,appavattā,Appavattā,Appavattā,(f.) [a + pavattā] the state of not going on,the stop (to all that),the non-continuance (of all that) Th.1,767; Miln.326. (Page 57),9,1
  2230. 64853,en,15,appekada,appekadā,Appekadā,Appekadā,(adv.) see api 2 a<sup>x</sup>. (Page 58),8,1
  2231. 64867,en,15,appesakkha,appesakkha,Appesakkha,Appesakkha,(adj.) [Acc. to Childers = Sk. *alpa + īśa + ākhya,the latter fr. ā + <em>khyā</em> “being called lord of little”; Trenckner on Miln.65 (see p. 422) says:“appesakkha &#38; mahesakkha are traditionally expl<sup>d.</sup> appaparivāra &#38; mahāparivāra,the former,I suppose,from appe &#38; sakkha (Sk. sākhya),the latter an imitation of it”. Thus the etym. would be “having little association or friendship” and resemble the term appasattha. The BSk. forms are alpeśākhya &#38; maheśākhya,e. g. at Av. Ś II. 153; Divy 243] of little power,weak,impotent S.II,229; Miln.65; Sdhp.89. (Page 58),10,1
  2232. 64901,en,15,appeti,appeti,Appeti,Appeti,[Vedic arpayati,Caus. of ṛ,ṛṇoti &#38; ṛcchati (cp. icchati<sup>2</sup>),Idg. *ar (to insert or put together,cp. also *er under aṇṇava) to which belong Sk. ara spoke of a wheel; Gr. a)rariζkw to put together,a(ρma chariot,a)ρqron limb,a)retή virtue; Lat. arma = E. arms (i. e. weapon),artus fixed,tight,also limb,ars = art. For further connections see aṇṇava] 1. (*er) to move forward,rush on,run into (of river) Vin.II,238; Miln.70. -- 2. (*ar) to fit in,fix,apply,insert,put on to (lit. &#38; fig.) Vin.II,136,137; J.III,34 (nimba-sūlasmiṃ to impale,C. āvuṇāti); VI,17 (T. sūlasmiṃ acceti,vv. ll. abbeti = appeti &#38; upeti,C. āvuṇati); Miln.62 (dāruṃ sandhismiṃ); VvA.110 (saññāṇaṃ). Cp. Trenckner,Notes 64 n. 19,who defends reading abbeti at T. passages. (Page 58),6,1
  2233. 64931,en,15,apphota,apphoṭā,Apphoṭā,Apphoṭā,(f.) [fr. appoṭeti to blossom] N. of a kind of Jasmine J.VI,336. (Page 58),7,1
  2234. 64951,en,15,apphoteti,apphoṭeti,Apphoṭeti,Apphoṭeti,[ā + phoṭeti,<em>sphuṭ</em>] to snap the fingers or clap the hands (as sign of pleasure) Miln.13,20. pp. apphoṭita. (Page 58),9,1
  2235. 64959,en,15,apphotita,apphoṭita,Apphoṭita,Apphoṭita,[pp. of apphoṭeti] having snapped one’s fingers or clapped one’s hands J.II,311 (°kāle). (Page 58),9,1
  2236. 64978,en,15,apphuta,apphuta,Apphuta,Apphuta,( &#38; apphuṭa) [Sk. *ā-sphṛta for a-sphārita pp. of sphar,cp. phurati; phuṭa &#38; also phusati] untouched,unpervaded,not penetrated. D.I,74 = M.I,276 (pītisukhena). (Page 58),7,1
  2237. 64989,en,15,appiccha,appiccha,Appiccha,Appiccha,(adj.) [appa + iccha from <em>iṣ</em>,cp. icchā] desiring little or nothing,easily satisfied,unassuming,contented,unpretentious S.I,63,65; A.III,432; IV,2,218 sq.,229; V,124 sq.,130,154,167; Sn.628,707; Dh.404; Pv IV.7<sup>3</sup>; Pug.70. (Page 57),8,1
  2238. 65023,en,15,appicchata,appicchatā,Appicchatā,Appicchatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.prec.] contentment,being satisfied with little,unostentatiousness Vin.III,21; D.III,115; M.I,13; S II 202,208 sq.; A.I,12,16 sq.; III,219 sq.,448; IV,218,280 (opp.mahicchatā); Miln.242; SnA 494 (catubbidhā,viz.paccaya-dhutaṅga-pariyatti-adhigama-vasena); PvA.73.As one of the 5 dhutaṅga-dhammā at Vism.81.(Page 57),10,1
  2239. 65067,en,15,appika,appikā,Appikā,Appikā,(f.) of <i>appaka</i>.(Page 57),6,1
  2240. 65075,en,15,appita,appita,Appita,Appita,(adj.) [pp.of appeti,cp.BSk.arpita,e.g.prītyarpitaṃ cakṣuḥ Jtm 31<sup>69</sup>] 1.fixed,applied,concentrated (mind) Miln.415 (mānasa) Sdhp.233 (citta).-- 2.brought to,put to,fixed on J.VI,78 (maraṇamukhe); <i>visappita</i> (an arrow to which) poison (is) applied,so read for visap(p)īta at J.V,36 &#38; Vism.303.(Page 58),6,1
  2241. 65125,en,15,appiya,appiya,Appiya,Appiya, &#38; Appiyatā see piya etc.(Page 58),6,1
  2242. 65208,en,15,appodaka,appodaka,Appodaka,Appodaka,see appa.(Page 58),8,1
  2243. 65244,en,15,appossukka,appossukka,Appossukka,Appossukka,(adj.) [appa + ussuka,Sk.alpotsuka,e.g.Lal.V,509; Divy 41,57,86,159.It is not necessary to assume a hypothetic form of *autsukya as der.fr.ussuka] unconcerned,living at ease,careless,“not bothering”,keeping still,inactive Vin.II,188; M.III,175,176; S I 202 (in stock phrase appossukka tuṇhībhūta saṅkasāya “living at ease,given to silence,resigned” Mrs.Rh.D.Dhs.trsl.258,see also J.P.T.S.1909,22); II,177 (id.); IV,178 (id.); Th.2,457 (= nirussukka ThA.282); Sn.43 (= abyāvaṭa anapekkha Nd<sup>2</sup> 72); Dh.330 (= nirālaya DhA.IV,31); J.I,197; IV,71; Miln.371 (a.tiṭṭhati to keep still); DA.I,264.(Page 58),10,1
  2244. 65258,en,15,appossukkata,appossukkatā,Appossukkatā,Appossukkatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.prec.] inaction,reluctance,carelessness,indifference Vin.I,5; D.II,36; Miln.232; DhA.II,15.(Page 58),12,1
  2245. 65281,en,15,appoti,appoti,Appoti,Appoti,[the contracted form of āpnoti,usually pāpuṇāti,fr.āp] to attain,reach,get Vism.350 (in etym.of āpo).(Page 58),6,1
  2246. 65353,en,15,apuccandata,apuccaṇḍatā,Apuccaṇḍatā,Apuccaṇḍatā,(f.) [a + pūti + aṇḍa + tā] “not being a rotten egg,” i.e.normal state,healthy birth,soundness M.I,357.(Page 55),11,1
  2247. 65359,en,15,apuccha,apuccha,Apuccha,Apuccha,(adj.) [a + pucchā] “not a question”,i.e.not to be asked Miln.316.(Page 55),7,1
  2248. 65405,en,15,apucchati,āpucchati,Āpucchati,Āpucchati,[ā + pucchati] to enquire after,look for,ask,esp.to ask permission or leave; aor.āpucchi J.I,140; PvA.110; grd.āpucchitabba DhA.I,6; ger.āpucchitvā Vin.IV,267 (apaloketvā +); Miln.29; PvA.111; āpucchitūna (cp.Geiger § 211) Th.2,426; āpuccha Th.2,416, &#38; āpucchā [= āpṛcchya,cp.Vedic ācyā for ācya],only in neg.form an° without asking Vin.II,211,219; IV,165,226 (= anapaloketvā); DhA.I,81.-- pp.āpucchita Vin.IV,272.(Page 102),9,1
  2249. 65677,en,15,apurati,āpūrati,Āpūrati,Āpūrati,[a + pūrati] to be filled,to become full,to increase J.III,154 (cando ā.= pūrati C.); IV,26,99,100.(Page 102),7,1
  2250. 65791,en,15,ara,ara,Ara,Ara,[Vedic ara fr.<em>ṛ</em>,ṛṇoti; see etym.under appeti &#38; cp.more esp.Lat.artus limb,Gr.a(ρma chariot,also P.aṇṇava) the spoke of a wheel D.II,17 (sahass’âra adj.with thousand spokes),cp.Miln.285; J.IV,209; VI,261; Miln.238; DhA.II,142; VvA.106 (in allegorical etym.of arahant = saṃsāra-cakkassa arānaṃ hatattā “breaker of the spokes of the wheel of transmigration”) = PvA.7 (has saṃsāra-vaṭṭassa); VvA.277.(Page 76),3,1
  2251. 65817,en,15,ara,ārā,Ārā,Ārā,<sup>2</sup> (indecl.) [Vedic ārād,Abl.as adv.; orig.a root der.fr.*ara remoteness,as in Sk.araṇa foreign &#38; araṇya solitude q.v.under araṇa<sup>1</sup> and arañña] far from,remote (from) (adv.as well as prep.with Abl.) Sn.156 (pamādamhā),736; Dh.253 (āsavakkhayā; DhA.III,377 expl<sup>s.</sup> by dūragata); J.II,449 (jhānabhūmiyā; = dūre ṭhita C.); V,78 (saṃyame; = dūrato C.).See also <i>ārakā</i>.<br><br> <i>--cāra</i> [in this comb<sup>n.</sup> by Kern,Toev.s.v.unecessarily expl<sup>d.</sup> as ārā = ārya; cp.similar phrases under ārakā] a life remote (from evil) A.IV,389.<i>--cārin</i> living far from evil leading a virtuous life D.I,4; M.I,179; III,33; A.III,216,348; IV,249; V,138,205; DA.I,72 (= abrahmacariyato dūra-cārin).(Page 108),3,1
  2252. 65818,en,15,ara,ārā,Ārā,Ārā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [Sk.ārâ; <i>*ēl</i> “pointed”,as in Ohg.āla = Ger.ahle,Ags.āēl = E awl; Oicel.alr] an awl; see cp.<i>āragga</i>.Perhaps a der.of ārā is āḷakā (q.v.).(Page 108),3,1
  2253. 65835,en,15,arabbha,ārabbha,Ārabbha,Ārabbha,(indecl.) [ger.of ārabhati<sup>2</sup> in abs.function; cp.Sk.ārabhya meaning since,from] -- 1.beginning,under‹-› taking etc.,in cpd.<i>°vatthu</i> occasion for making an effort,concern,duty,obligation D.III,256 = A.IV,334 (eight such occasions enum<sup>d</sup>).-- 2.(prep.with Acc.) lit.beginning with,taking (into consideration),referring to,concerning,with reference to,about D.I,180; A.II,27 = It.103 (senāsanaṃ ā.); Sn.972 (upekhaṃ; v.l.ārambha; C.uppādetvā); Pv.I,4<sup>1</sup> (pubbe pete ā.); DhA.I,3; II,37; PvA.3 (seṭṭhiputta-petaṃ ā.),16,and passim.(Page 107),7,1
  2254. 65877,en,15,arabhati,ārabhati,Ārabhati,Ārabhati,<sup>2</sup> &#38; Ārabbhati [ā + rabhati,Sk.ārabhati &#38; ārambhati,ā + <em>rabh</em>] to begin,start,undertake,attempt S.I,156 (ārabbhatha “bestir yourselves”) = Miln.245 = Th.1,256 (bh.); Pug.64 (bh.); viriyaṃ ārabhati to make an effort,to exert oneself (cp.ārambha) A.IV,334.‹-› aor.<i>ārabhi</i> DhA.II,38 &#38; <i>ārabbhi</i> PvA.35.-- ger.<i>ārabbha</i>,see sep.-- pp.<i>āraddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 107),8,1
  2255. 65878,en,15,arabhati,ārabhati,Ārabhati,Ārabhati,<sup>1</sup> [not with Morris J.P.T.S.1889,202 fr.<em>rabh</em> and identical with ārabhati<sup>2</sup>,but with Kern,Toev.s.v.identical with Sk.ālabhate,ā + <em>labh</em> meaning to seize the sacrificial animal in order to kill it; cp.nirārambha] to kill,destroy M.I,371 (pāṇaṃ).(Page 107),8,1
  2256. 65919,en,15,aracayaracaya,āracayāracayā,Āracayāracayā,Āracayāracayā,[ā + racayā a ger.or Abl.form.fr.ā + <i>*</i><em>rac</em>,in usual Sk.meaning “to produce”,but here as a sound-root for slashing noise,in reduplication for sake of intensification.Altogether problematic] by means of hammering,slashing or beating (like beating a hide) Sn.673 (gloss ārajayārajayā fr.ā + <i>*</i><em>rañj</em> or <i>*</i><em>raj</em>).-- SnA 481 expl<sup>ns.</sup> the passage as follows:ārajayārajayā; i.e.yathā manussā allacammaṃ bhūmiyaṃ pattharitvā khīlehi ākoṭenti,evaṃ ākoṭetvā pharasūhi phāḷetvā ekam ekaṃ koṭiṃ chinditvā vihananti,chinnachinnakoṭi punappuna samuṭṭhāti; āracayāracayā ti pi pāṭho,āviñjitvā (v.l.BB.āvijjhitvā) āviñjitvā ti attho.-- Cp.<i>ārañjita</i>.(Page 107),13,1
  2257. 65933,en,15,araddha,āraddha,Āraddha,Āraddha,(adj.) [pp.of ā + <em>rabh</em>] begun,started,bent on,undertaking,holding on to,resolved,firm A.I,148 (āraddhaṃ me viriyaṃ It.30; PvA.73 (ṭhapetuṃ began to place),212 (gantuṃ).Cp.<i>ārādhaka</i> 1.<br><br> <i>--citta</i> concentrated of mind,decided,settled D.I,176; M.I,414; S.II,21; Sn.p.102; SnA 436.Cp.ārādheti 1.<i>--viriya</i> (adj.) strenuous,energetic,resolute Vin.I,182; D.III,252,268,282,285; A.I,24; Sn.68,344; It.71 (opp.hīna-viriya); Nd<sup>2</sup> 131; Ps.I,171; ThA.95.Cp.<i>viriyārambha;</i> f.abstr.°viriyatā M.I,19.(Page 107),7,1
  2258. 66018,en,15,aradhaka,ārādhaka,Ārādhaka,Ārādhaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.ā + <em>rādh</em>] 1.[perhaps for *āraddhaka because of analogy to āraddha of ā + <i>rabh</i>] successful,accomplishing or accomplished,undertaking,eager Vin.I,70 (an° one who fails); M.I,491; II,197 = A.I,69 = Miln.243; S.V,19; A.V,329 (in correlation with āraddhaviriya).-- 2.pleasing,propitiating Miln.227; VvA.220 (°ikā f.).(Page 108),8,1
  2259. 66024,en,15,aradhana,ārādhana,Ārādhana,Ārādhana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) (either fr.ā + <em>rādh</em> or ā + <em>rabh</em>,cp.ārādhaka] satisfying,accomplishing; satisfaction,accomplishment D.II,287 (opp.virādhanā failure); M.I,479; II,199; A.V,211 sq.; J.IV,427.(Page 108),8,1
  2260. 66044,en,15,aradhaniya,ārādhanīya,Ārādhanīya,Ārādhanīya,(adj.) [grd.fr.ārādheti] to be attained,to be won; successful Vin.I,70 (an°); J.II,233 (dur°).(Page 108),10,1
  2261. 66068,en,15,aradheti,ārādheti,Ārādheti,Ārādheti,[Caus.of ā + <em>rādh</em>,in meaning 2 confused with ārabhati.In BSk.strangely distorted to ārāgayati; freq.in Divy as well as Av.Ś] -- 1.to please,win favour,propitiate,convince J.I,337 (dārake),421,452; II,72 (manusse); IV,274 (for ābhirādheti T.); Vism.73 (ārādhayanto Nāthassa vana-vāsena mānasaṃ); DhA.II,71; Dāvs III,93 (ārādhayi sabbajanaṃ); Miln.352.In older literature only in phrase <i>cittaṃ ārādheti</i> to please one’s heart,to gladden,win over,propitiate D.I,118 sq.,175 (but cp.āraddha-citta to ārabhati); M I85,341; S.II,107; V,109; J.II,372; Miln.25.-- 2.to attain,accomplish,fulfill,succeed S.V,23 (maggaṃ),82,180,294; It III,(v.l.ārām°); Sn.488 = 509.Cp.ārādhaka 1.-- pp.<i>ārādhita</i> (q.v.).-- See also parābhetvā.(Page 108),8,1
  2262. 66088,en,15,aradhita,ārādhita,Ārādhita,Ārādhita,[pp.of ārādheti; Sk.ārādhita,but BSk.ārāgita,e.g.Divy 131,233] pleased Sdhp.510.(Page 108),8,1
  2263. 66107,en,15,aragga,āragga,Āragga,Āragga,(nt.) [ārā + agga; Sk.ārāgra of ārā an awl,a prick] the point of an awl,the head of certain arrows,having the shape of an awl,or an arrow of that kind (see Halayudha p.151) A.I,65; Sn.625,631; Dh.401,407; Vism.306; DhA II 51; IV,181.(Page 107),6,1
  2264. 66119,en,15,araghatta,araghaṭṭa,Araghaṭṭa,Araghaṭṭa,[Sk.araghaṭṭaka (so Halāyudha,see Aufrecht p.138),dialect.] a wheel for raising water from a well Bdgh.on cakkavaṭṭaka at CV.V,16,2 (Vin.II,318).So read for T.arahatta-ghaṭi-yanta acc to Morris,J.P.T.S.1885,30; cp.also Vin.Texts III,112.-- The 2<sup>rd</sup> part of the cpd.is doubtful; Morris &#38; Aufrecht compare the modern Hindī form arhaṭ or rahaṭ “a well-wheel”.(Page 76),9,1
  2265. 66131,en,15,araha,araha,Araha,Araha,(adj.) (-°) [Vedic arha of <em>arh</em>] 1.worthy of,deserving,entitled to,worth Dh.195 (pūjā°); Pv.II,8<sup>6</sup> (dakkhiṇā°); VvA.23 (daṇḍa° deserving punishment).Freq.in cpd.<i>mahâraha</i> [Sk.mahârgha] worth much,of great value,costly,dear J.I,50,58; III,83,etc.(see mahant).-- 2.fit for,apt for,suitable PvA.26 (paribhoga° fit for eating).(Page 76),5,1
  2266. 66141,en,15,araha,āraha,Āraha,Āraha,(nt.) only in pl.<i>gihīnaṃ ārahāni</i>,things proper to laymen,D.III,163.(Page 108),5,1
  2267. 66142,en,15,araha,āraha,Āraha,Āraha,(adj.) metri causa for <i>araha</i> deserving J.VI,164.(Page 107),5,1
  2268. 66177,en,15,arahant,arahant,Arahant,Arahant,(adj.-n.) [Vedic arhant,ppr.of arhati (see arahati),meaning deserving,worthy].Before Buddhism used as honorific title of high officials like the English “His Worship” ; at the rise of Buddhism applied popularly to all ascetics (Dial.III,3--6).Adopted by the Buddhisṭs as t.t.for one who has attained the Summum Bonum of religious aspiration (Nibbāna).<br><br> I.Cases Nom.sg.<i>arahaṃ</i> Vin.I,9; D.I,49; M.I,245,280; S.I,169; see also formula C.under II., &#38; <i>arahā</i> Vin.I,8,25,26; II,110,161; D.III,255; It.95; Kh IV.; Gen.<i>arahato</i> S.IV,175; Sn.590; Instr.<i>arahatā</i> S.III,168; DA.I,43; Acc.<i>arahantaṃ</i> D.III,10; Dh.420; Sn.644; Loc.<i>arahantamhi</i> Vv 21<sup>2</sup>.-- Nom.pl.<i>arahanto</i> Vin.I,19; IV,112; S.I,78,235; II,220; IV,123; Gen.<i>arahataṃ</i> Vin.III,1; S.I,214; Sn.186; It.112; Pv.I,11<sup>12</sup>.Other cases are of rare occurrence.<br><br> II.Formulae.Arahantship finds its expression in freq.occurring formulae,of which the standard ones are the foll.:<I>A</I>.<i> khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nâparaṃ itthattāya</i> “destroyed is (re-) birth,lived is a chaste life,(of a student) done is what had to be done,after this present life there is no beyond”.Vin.I,14,35,183; D.I,84,177,203; M.I,139; II,39; S.I,140; II,51,82,95,120,245; III,21,45,55,68,71,90,94,195,223; IV,2,20,35,45,86,107,151,383; V,72,90,144,222; A.I,165; II,211; III,93; IV,88,179,302; V,155,162; Sn.p.16; Pug.61,etc.-- <I>B</I>.<i> eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto</i> “alone,secluded,earnest,zealous,master of himself” D.I,177; II,153 &#38; continued with A:S.I,140,161; II,21; III,36,74; IV,64; V,144,166; A.I,282; II,249; III,70,217,301,376; IV,235.-- <I>C</I>.<i> arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anupatta-sadattho parikkhīṇa-bhava-saññojano sammad-aññā vimutto:</i> D.III,83,97; M.I,4,235; S.I,71; III,161,193; IV,125; V,145,205,273,302; A.I,144; III,359,376; IV,362,369,371 sq.,It.38.‹-› <I>D</I>.<i> ñāṇañ ca pana me dassanaṃ udapādi akuppā me ceto-vimutti ayaṃ antimā jāti natthi dāni punabbhavo</i> “there arose in me insight,the emancipation of my heart became unshake able,this is my last birth,there is now no rebirth for me:S.II,171; III,28; IV,8; V,204; A.I,259; IV,56,305,448.<br><br> III,Other passages (selected) Vin.I,8 (arahā sītibhūto nibbuto),9 (arahaṃ Tathāgato Sammāsambuddho),19 (ekādasa loke arahanto),20 (ekasaṭṭhi id.).25 sq.; II,110,161; III,1; IV,112 (te arahanto udake kīḷanti); D.I,49 (Bhagavā arahaṃ),144; III,10,255:M.I,245 (Gotamo na pi kālaṃ karoti:arahaṃ samaṇo Gotamo),280; S.I,9,26,50 (Tathāgato),78,140,161,169,175,178 (+ sītibhūta),208,214,235 (khīnāsavā arahanto); III,160 (arahā tissa?),168; IV,123,175,260,393; V,159 sq.,164,200 sq.; A.I,22 (Sammāsambuddho),27,109,266; Iī.134; III,376,391,439; IV,364,394; V,120; Sn.186,590,644,1003; It.95 (+ khīṇāsava),112; Kh IV.(dasahi angehi samannāgato arahā ti vuccati:see KhA 88); Vv.21<sup>2</sup>; I,217; Dh.164,420 (khīṇāsava +); Ps.II,3,19,194,203 sq.; Pug.37,73; Vbh.324,336,422; Pv.I,1<sup>1</sup> (khettûpamā arahanto),11<sup>12</sup>; IV,1<sup>32</sup>.<br><br> IV.In comp<sup>n.</sup> &#38; der.we find two bases,viz.(1) arahanta° in <i>°ghāta</i> the killing or murder of an Arahant (considered as one of the six deadly crimes):see abhiṭhāna; <i>°ghātaka</i> the murderer of the A.:Vin.I,89,136,168,320; <i>°magga</i> (arahatta°?) the path of an A.:D II 144.-- (2) <i>arahat°</i> in (arahad-)<i>dhaja</i> the flag or banner of an A.:J.I,65.<br><br> V.See further details &#38; passages under anāgāmin,khīṇa,buddha.On the relationship of Buddha and Arahant see Dial.II.1--3; III,6.For riddles or word-play on the form arahant see M.I,280; A.IV,145; DA.I,146 = VvA.105,6 = PvA.7; DhA.IV,228; DhsA.349.(Page 77),7,1
  2269. 66278,en,15,arahati,arahati,Arahati,Arahati,[Vedic arhati,etym.uncertain but cp.agghati] to be worthy of,to deserve,to merit (= Lat.debeo) Sn.431,552 (rājā arahasi bhavituṃ); J.I,262; Dh.9,10,230; Pv III,6<sup>6</sup>.-- ppr.arahant (q.v.).Cp.also adj.<i>araha</i>.(Page 76),7,1
  2270. 66292,en,15,arahatta,arahatta,Arahatta,Arahatta,<sup>2</sup> in °ghaṭi see<i> </i>araghaṭṭa.(Page 76),8,1
  2271. 66293,en,15,arahatta,arahatta,Arahatta,Arahatta,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [abstr.formation fr.arahat°,2<sup>nd</sup> base of arahant in comp<sup>n.</sup>:see arahant IV.2] the state or condition of an Arahant,i.e.perfection in the Buddhist sense = Nibbāna (S.IV,151) final &#38; absolute emancipation,Arahantship,the attainment of the last &#38; highest stage of the Path (see magga &#38; anāgāmin).This is not restricted by age or sex or calling.There is one instance in the Canon of a child having attained Arahantship at the age of 7.One or two others occur in the Comy ThA.64 (Selā); PvA.53 (Saṅkicca).Many women Arahants are mentioned by name in the oldest texts.About 400 men Arahants are known.Most of them were bhikkhus,but A.III,451 gives the names of more than a score lay Arahants (cp.D.II,93 = S.V,360,and the references in Dial.III,5 n<sup>4</sup>).‹-› Arahattaṃ is defined at S.IV,252 as rāga-kkhaya,dosa°,moha°.Descriptions of this state are to be found in the formulae expressing the feelings of an Arahant (see arahant II.).Vin.II,254; D.III,10,11,255; A.III,34,421,430; V,209; Pug.73; Nett 15,82; DA.I,180,188,191; DhA II 95; IV,193; PvA.14.-- Phrases:<i>arahattaṃ sacchikaroti</i> to experience Arahantship Vin.II,74; D.I,229; <i>arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti</i> to attain or reach Arahantship (usually in aor.pāpuṇi) J.II,229 ThA.64; DhA.II,49 (saha paṭisambhidāhi) 93 (id.); PvA.53,54,61,233 &#38; freq.elsewhere; cp.arahattāya paṭipanna D.III,255; A.I,120; IV,292 sq.,372 sq.<br><br> <i>--gahaṇa</i> attainment of Arahantship DhA.I,8.<i>--patta (</i>&<i> patti)</i> one who has attained Ar.S.I,196; V,273; A.II,157; III,376; IV,235.<i>--phala</i> the fruit of Ar.Vin.I,39,41,293; III,93; D.III,227,277; S.III,168; V,44; A.I,23,45; III,272; IV,276; Dhs.1017; Vbh.326.<i>--magga</i> the Path of Ar.S.I,78; A.III,391; DA.I,224.<i>--vimokkha</i> the emancipation of Ar.Nd<sup>2</sup> 19.(Page 76),8,1
  2272. 66730,en,15,araja,araja,Araja,Araja,(adj.) [a + raja] free from dust or impurity S.IV,218 (of the wind); Vv 53<sup>6</sup> (= apagata-raja VvA.236).(Page 76),5,1
  2273. 66781,en,15,araka,ārakā,Ārakā,Ārakā,(adv.) [Sk.ārāt &#38; ārakāt,Abl.form.fr.*āraka,see ārā<sup>2</sup>] far off,far from,away from,also used as prep.c.Abl.and as adj.pl.keeping away from,removed,far Vin.II,239 = A.IV,202 (saṅghamhā); D.I,99,102 (adj.) 167; M.I,280 (adj.) S.II,99; IV,43 sq.; A.I,281; It.91; J.I,272; III,525; V,451; Miln.243; VvA.72,73 (adj.+ viratā).(Page 106),5,1
  2274. 66806,en,15,arakatta,ārakatta,Ārakatta,Ārakatta,(nt.) [*ārakāt + tvaṃ] warding off,keeping away,holding aloof,being far from (c.Gen.); occurring only in pop.etym.of arahant at A.IV,145; DhA.IV,228; DA.I,146 = VvA.105,106 = PvA.7; cp.DhsA.349.(Page 106),8,1
  2275. 66814,en,15,arakkha,ārakkha,Ārakkha,Ārakkha,[ā + rakkha] watch,guard,protection,care D.II,59; III,289; S.IV,97,175,195; A.II,120; III,38; IV,266,270,281 (°sampadā),322 (id.),400; V,29 sq.; J.I,203; II,326; IV,29 (°purisa); V,212 (°ṭṭhāna,i.e.harem),374 (°parivāra); Pug.21 (an°),24; Miln.154; Vism.19 (°gocara preventive behaviour,cautiousness); SnA 476 (°devatā); KhA 120 (id.),169; DhA.II,146; PvA.195; Sdhp.357,365.(Page 106),7,1
  2276. 66932,en,15,arakkheyya,arakkheyya,Arakkheyya,Arakkheyya,(adj.) [in form = arakkhiya] only in nt.“that which does not need to be guarded against”,what one does not need to heed,superfluous to beware of A.IV,82 (cattāri Tathāgatassa a° āni).-- 3 arakkheyyāni are enum<sup>d.</sup> at D.III,217 (but as ārakkh°,which is also given by Childers).(Page 76),10,1
  2277. 66937,en,15,arakkheyya,ārakkheyya,Ārakkheyya,Ārakkheyya,see arakkheyya.(Page 107),10,1
  2278. 66988,en,15,arakkhiya,arakkhiya,Arakkhiya,Arakkhiya,(adj.) [a + rakkhiya,grd.of rakkhati] not to be guarded,viz.(1) impossible to watch (said of women folk) J.II,326 (a.nāma itthiyo); III,90 (mātugāmo nāma a.).-- (2) unnecessary to be guarded Vin.II,194 (Tathāgatā).(Page 76),9,1
  2279. 66998,en,15,arakkhlka,ārakkhlka,Ārakkhlka,Ārakkhlka,[fr.ārakkha] a guard,watchman J.IV,29.(Page 107),9,1
  2280. 67026,en,15,arama,ārāma,Ārāma,Ārāma,[Sk.ārāma,ā + <em>ram</em>] -- 1.pleasure,fondness of (-°),delight,always as adj.(-°) delighting in,enjoying,finding pleasure in (usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with rata,e.g.dhammārāma dhammarata finding delight in the Dh.) S.I,235; IV,389 sq.(bhav°,upādān°); A.I,35,37,130; II,28 (bhāvan°); It.82 (dhamm°); Sn.327 (id.; expl<sup>d.</sup> by SnA 333 as rati and “dhamme ārāmo assā ti”); Pug.53 (samagg°); Vbh.351.-- 2.a pleasure-ground,park,garden (lit.sport,sporting); classified at Vin.III,49 as pupph° and phal° a park with flowers or with fruit (i.e.orchard),def.at DhA.III,246 as Veḷuvana-Jīvak’ambavan’ādayo,i.e.the park of Veḷuvana,or the park belonging to Jīvaka or mango-groves in general.Therefore:(a) (in general) a park,resort for pastime etc.Vin.II,109; D.II,106; Dh.188; Vv 79<sup>5</sup> (amb° garden of mangoes); VvA.305 (id.); Pv.II,7<sup>8</sup> (pl.ārāmāni = ārām’ûpavanāni PvA.102).-- (b) (in special) a private park,given to the Buddha or the Saṅgha for the benefit of the bhikkhus,where they meet &#38; hold discussions about sacred &#38; secular matters; a place of recreation and meditation,a meeting place for religious gatherings.Amongst the many ārāmas given to the bhikkhus the most renowned is that of Anāthapiṇḍika (Jetavana; see J.I,92--94) D.I,178; Vin.IV,69; others more frequently mentioned are e.g.the park of Ambapālī (Vin.I,233); of Mallikā (D.I,178),etc.-- Vin.I,39,140,283,291; II,170; III,6,45,162; IV,85; A.II,176; Dpvs.V,18.<br><br> <i>--pāla</i> keeper of a park or orchard,gardener Vin.II,109; VvA.288.<i>--ropa</i>,<i> --ropana</i> planter,planting of pleasuregroves S.I,33; PvA.151.<i>--vatthu</i> the site of an Ārāma Vin.I,140; II,170; III,50,90.(Page 108),5,1
  2281. 67083,en,15,aramakini,ārāmakinī,Ārāmakinī,Ārāmakinī,(f.) see <i>ārāmika</i>.(Page 108),9,1
  2282. 67156,en,15,aramata,ārāmatā,Ārāmatā,Ārāmatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ārāma 1] pleasure,satisfaction A.II,28; III,116; Vbh.381; Miln.233.(Page 108),7,1
  2283. 67191,en,15,arambha,ārambha,Ārambha,Ārambha,[Sk.ārambha in meaning “beginning”,fr ā + <em>rabh</em> (rambh) cp.ārabhati] -- 1.attempt,effort,inception of energy (cp.Dhs.trsl.15 &#38; K.S.p.318 giving C.def.as kicca,karaṇīya,attha,i.e.1.undertaking &#38; duty,2.object) S.I,76 (mah°); V,66,104 sq.(°dhātu); III,338 (id.),166 (°ja; T.arabbhaja,v.l.ārambhaja to be preferred) = Pug.64; Miln.244; Net 41; DhsA.145.<i>--viriyārambha</i> (cp.āraddha-viriya) zeal,resolution,energy Vin.II,197; S.IV,175; A.I,12,16.-- 2.support,ground,object,thing Nett 70 sq.,107; <i>an°</i> unsupported,independent Sn.743 (= nibbāna SnA 507).Cp.also nirambha,upārambha,sārambha.(Page 107),7,1
  2284. 67268,en,15,aramika,ārāmika,Ārāmika,Ārāmika,(adj.) [fr.ārāma] 1.(to ārāma 1) finding delight in,fond of (c.Gen.) (or servant in general?) Miln.6 (saṅghassa trsl.at the service of the order).-- 2.(to ārāma 2) belonging to an Ārāma,one who shares the congregation,an attendant of the Ārāma Vin.I,207 sq.; II,177 ( &#38; °pesaka),211; III,24; IV,40; V,204; A.II,78 (°samaṇuddesa); III,109 (id.),275 (°pesaka); J.I,38 (°kicca) Vism.74 (°samaṇuddesa).-- f.<i>ārāmakiṇī</i> a female attendant or visitor of an Ārāma Vin.I,208.(Page 108),7,1
  2285. 67313,en,15,arammana,ārammaṇa,Ārammaṇa,Ārammaṇa,(nt.) [cp.Sk.ālambana,<em>lamb</em>,but in meaning confounded with <em>rambh</em> (see rabhati)] primary meaning “foundation”,from this applied in the foll.senses:(1) support,help,footing,expedient,anything to be depended upon as a means of achieving what is desired,i.e.basis of operation,chance Sn.1069 (= ālambana,nissaya,upanissaya Nd<sup>2</sup> 132); Pv.I,4<sup>1</sup> (yaṃ kiñc’ārammaṇaṃ katvā); ārammaṇaṃ labhati (+ otāraṃ labhati) to get the chance S.II,268; IV,185.-- (2) condition,ground,cause,means,esp.a cause of desire or clinging to life,pl.<i>°ā</i> causes of rebirth (interpreted by taṇhā at Nd<sup>1</sup> 429),lust Sn.474 (= paccayā SnA 410),945 (= Nd<sup>1</sup> 429); KhA 23; DhA.I,288 (sappāy°); PvA.279.-- (3) a basis for the working of the mind &#38; intellect; i.e.sense-object,object of thought or consciousness,the outward constituent in the relation of subject &#38; object,object in general.In this meaning of “relation” it is closely connected with <i>āyatana</i> (see āyatana<sup>3</sup>),so that it sometimes takes its place,it is also similar to <i>visaya</i>.Cpd.3 distinguishes a 5 fold object,viz.citta,cetasika,pasāda- &#38; sukhuma-rūpa,paññatti,nibbāna.See on term especially Cpd.3,14; Dhs.trsl.XLI. &#38; 209.-- A 1.sq.; IV,385; Sn.506; Ps.I,57 sq.,84 (four ā.); II,97,118,143; Dhs.1 (dhamm° object of ideation),180,584,1186 et passim; Vbh.12,79,92,319,332 (four); Nett 191 (six); Vism.87 sq.,375 (°saṅkantika),430 sq.(in var.sets with ref.to var.objects),533; DhsA.48,127; VvA.11,38.-- rūpārammaṇa lit.dependence on form,i.e.object of sight,visible form,especially striking appearance,visibility,sight D.III,228; S.III,53; A.I,82; J.I,304; II,439,442; PvA.265.‹-› ārammaṇaṃ karoti to make it an object (of intellection or intention),to make it one’s concern (cp.Pv.I,4<sup>1</sup>,above 1).-- ārammaṇa-<i>kusala</i> clever in the objects (of meditation) S.III,266; ā°-<i>paccayatā</i> relation of presentation (i.e.of subj. &#38; obj.) Nett 80.-- (4) (-°) (adj.) being supported by,depending on,centred in,concentrated upon PvA.8 (nissay°),98 (ek°); VvA.119 (buddh° pīti rapture centred in the Buddha).(Page 107),8,1
  2286. 67720,en,15,arana,araṇa,Araṇa,Araṇa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [a + raṇa] quietude,peace Nett 55 (+ tāṇa),176 (or as adj.= peaceful) ThA.134 (+ saraṇa); Vbh.19 sq.(opp.<i>saraṇa</i>).See saraṇa<sup>2.</sup><br><br> <i>--vihārin</i> (or araṇā-vihārin) [to be most likely taken as araṇā°,Abl.of araṇa in function of ārakā,i.e.adv.far from,away; the spelling araṇa would refer it to araṇa<sup>2</sup>.As regards meaning the P.Commentators expl<sup>n.</sup> it as opp.of raṇa fight,battle,i.e.peacefullness,friendliness &#38; see in it a syn.of metta.Thus Dhammapāla at PvA.230 expl<sup>s.</sup> it as “mettā-vihārin”, &#38; in this meaning it is found freq.in BSk.e.g.Divy 401; Av.Ś II.131 (q.v.for further ref.under note 3); M Vastu I.165; II,292.Cp.also the epithet of the Buddhas raṇañjaha] one who lives in seclusion,an anchoret,hermit; hence a harmless,peaceful person A.I,24; Th.2,358,360; Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup> (= PvA.230); ThA.244.Cp.Dhs.trsl.336.(Page 76),5,1
  2287. 67721,en,15,arana,araṇa,Araṇa,Araṇa,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-n.) [Vedic araṇa fr.*ara √<i>ṛ</i>,which as Abl.ārā is used as adv.far from,cp.P.ārakā.Orig.meaning “removed from,remote,far”.See also arañña].(adj.) living in solitude,far from the madding crowd M.III,237 (°vibhaṅga-sutta); S.I,44,45; J.I,340 (tittha°?).(Page 76),5,1
  2288. 67787,en,15,arani,araṇi,Araṇi,Araṇi, &#38; °ī (f.) [Vedic araṇī &#38; araṇi fr.<i>ṛ</i>] wood for kindling fire by attrition,only in foll.cpds.:<i>°potaka</i> small firewood,all that is needed for producing fire,chiefly drill sticks Miln.53; <i>°sahita</i> (nt.) same Vin.II,217; J.I,212 (ī); V,46 (ī); DhA.II,246; <i>°mathana</i> rubbing of firewood J.VI,209.-- Note.The reading at PvA.211 araṇiyehi devehi sadisa-vaṇṇa is surely a misreading (v.l.BB ariyehi).(Page 76),5,1
  2289. 67886,en,15,aranjita,ārañjita,Ārañjita,Ārañjita,[in form = Sk.*ārañjita,ā + pp.of rañjayati,Caus.of <em>rañj</em> or <em>raj</em>,but in meaning different.Perhaps to <em>rac</em> (as *racita) to furnish with,prepare,or better still to be regarded as an idiomatic Pāli form of soundroot <i>*</i><em>rac</em> (see āracayā°) mixed with <em>rañj</em>,of which we find another example in the double spelling of āracayā ( &#38; ārajayā) q.v.] furrowed,cut open,dug up,slashed,torn (perhaps also “beaten”) M.I,178 (hatthipadaṃ dantehi ārañjitaṃ an elephant-track bearing the marks of tusks,i.e.occasional slashes or furrows).(Page 107),8,1
  2290. 67902,en,15,aranna,arañña,Arañña,Arañña,(nt.) [Vedic araṇya; from araṇa,remote,+ ya.In the Rig V.araṇya still means remoteness (opp.to amā,at home).In the Ath V.it has come to mean wilderness or forest.Connected with ārād and āre,remote,far from].forest D.I,71; M.I,16; III,104; S.I,4,7,29,181,203 (mahā); A.I,60 (°vanapatthāni); II,252; III,135,138; Sn.39,53,119; Dh.99,329,330; It.90; Vv 56<sup>7</sup>; Ps.I,176.[The commentators,give a wider meaning to the word.Thus the O.C.(Vin.III,46,quoted Vism.72 &#38; SnA 83) says every place,except a village and the approach thereto,is arañña.See also Vin.III,51; DA.I,209; PvA.73; VvA.249; J.I,149,215; II,138; V,70].<br><br> <i>--āyatana</i> a forest haunt Vin.II,201; S.II,269; J.I,173; VvA.301; PvA.54,78,141.<i>--kuṭikā</i> a hut in the forest,a forest lodge S.I,61; III,116; IV,116,380; DhA.IV,31 (as v.l.; T.has °kuṭi).<i>--gata</i> gone into the forest (as loneliness) M.I,323; A.III,353; V,109 sq.,207,323 sq.<i>--ṭhāna</i> a place in the forest J.I,253.<i>--vāsa</i> a dwelling in the forest,a hermitage J.I,90.<i>--vihāra</i> living in (the) loneliness (of the forest) A.III,343 sq.(Page 76),6,1
  2291. 67980,en,15,arannaka,araññaka,Araññaka,Araññaka,( &#38; Āraññāka) (adj.) [arañña + ka] belonging to solitude or to the forest,living in the forest,fond of solitude,living as hermits (bhikkhū) M.I,214 (ā°),469; III,89; S.II,187,202 (v.l.ā°),208 sq.; 281; A.III,343,391; IV,291,344,435; V,10.See also āraññaka.(Page 76),8,1
  2292. 67988,en,15,arannaka,āraññaka,Āraññaka,Āraññaka,(adj.) [fr.arañña + ka] belonging to solitude or the forest,sequestered; living in the forest,fond of seclusion,living as hermits (bhikkhū).Freq.spelt <i>araññaka</i> (q.v.).-- Vin.I,92 (bhikkhū); II,32,197,217 (bh.),265 (bh.); M.I,214; A.III,100 sq.,219; IV,21; V,66; J.III,174 (v.l.BB.a°); Miln.342; DhA.II,94 (vihāra).(Page 107),8,1
  2293. 68025,en,15,arannakatta,araññakatta,Araññakatta,Araññakatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.araññaka] the habit of one who lives in the forest,indulgence in solitude &#38; sequestration,a hermit’s practice,seclusion S.II,202,208 sq.See also āraññakatta.(Page 76),11,1
  2294. 68032,en,15,arannakatta,āraññakatta,Āraññakatta,Āraññakatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.āraññaka,see also araññakatta] the habit of sequestration or living in solitude M.I,214; III,40; A.I,38.(Page 107),11,1
  2295. 68216,en,15,arannika,āraññika,Āraññika,Āraññika,(adj.) = āraññaka Vin.III,15; A.I,24; Pug.69; Vism.61,71 (where defined); Miln.341.(Page 107),8,1
  2296. 68288,en,15,arata,ārata,Ārata,Ārata,[Sk.ārata,pp.of ā + <em>ram</em>,cp.ārati] leaving off,keeping away from,abstaining J.IV,372 (= virata); Nd<sup>2</sup> 591 (+ virata paṭivirata).(Page 107),5,1
  2297. 68306,en,15,arati,arati,Arati,Arati,(f.) [a + rati] dislike,discontent,aversion Sn.270,436,642,938; Dh.418 (= ukkaṇṭhitattaṃ DhA.IV,225); Th.2,339 (= ukkaṇṭhi ThA.239); Sdhp.476.(Page 76),5,1
  2298. 68321,en,15,arati,arāti,Arāti,Arāti,[a + rāti,cp.Sk.arāti] an enemy Dāvs IV,1.(Page 77),5,1
  2299. 68331,en,15,arati,ārati,Ārati,Ārati,(f.) [Sk.ārati,ā + <em>ram</em>] leaving off,abstinence Vv 63<sup>9</sup> (= paṭivirati VvA.263); in exegetical style occurring in typ.comb<sup>n.</sup> with virati paṭivirati veramaṇī,e.g.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 462; Dhs.299.(Page 107),5,1
  2300. 68380,en,15,aratta,āratta,Āratta,Āratta,(nt.?) [Sk.cp.ārakta,pp.of ā + <em>raj</em>] time,period (orig.affected,tinted with),only in cpd.<i>vassāratta</i> the rainy season,lent J.IV,444; Dāvs II.74.(Page 107),6,1
  2301. 68391,en,15,arava,ārāva,Ārāva,Ārāva,[cp.Sk.ārāva,fr.ā + <i>ru</i>] cry,sound,noise Dāvs.IV,46.(Page 108),5,1
  2302. 68417,en,15,aravinda,aravinda,Aravinda,Aravinda,[ara + vinda (?) Halāyudha gives as Sk.aravinda nt.] a lotus,Nymphaea Nelumbo Dāvs.V,62.(Page 76),8,1
  2303. 68436,en,15,are,are,Are,Are,(indecl.) [onomat.Cp.Sk.lalallā,Gr.lalέw,Lat.lallo = E.lull,Ger.lallen &#38; without redupl.Ags.holā,Ger.halloh,E.lo.An abbrev.form of are is re.Cf.also alālā] exclam.of astonishment &#38; excitement:he! hallo! I say!,implying an imprecation:Away with you (with Voc.) J.I,225 (dāsiputta-ceṭaka); IV,391 (duṭṭha-caṇḍāla); DA.I,265 (= re); VvA.68 (dubbinī),217 (“how in the world").(Page 78),3,1
  2304. 68448,en,15,ari,ari,Ari,Ari,[Ved.ari; fr.<em>ṛ</em>] an enemy.-- The word is used in exegesis &#38; word expl<sup>n</sup>,thus in etym.of arahant (see ref.under arahant v.); of bhūri Ps.II,197.-- Otherwise in late language only,e.g.Sdhp.493 (°bhūta).See also arindama &#38; aribhāseti.(Page 77),3,1
  2305. 68453,en,15,aribhaseti,aribhāseti,Aribhāseti,Aribhāseti,[= ariṃ bhāseti] to denounce,lit.to call an enemy J.IV,285.Correct to Pari° according to Fausböll (J.V,corr.) (Page 77),10,1
  2306. 68457,en,15,arihatatta,arīhatatta,Arīhatatta,Arīhatatta,in phrase “arīhatta ariyo hoti" at A.IV,145 is wrong reading for arīnaṃ hatattā.The whole phrase is inserted by mistake from a gloss explaining arahā in the foll.sentence “ārakattā kilesānaṃ arīnaṃ hatattā ...arahā hoti",and is to be deleted (omitted also by SS).(Page 78),10,1
  2307. 68487,en,15,arincamana,ariñcamāna,Ariñcamāna,Ariñcamāna,[ppr.med.of P.riñcati for ricyati] not leaving behind,not giving up,i.e.pursuing earnestly Sn.69 (jhānaṃ = ajȧhamana SnA 123,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 94).(Page 77),10,1
  2308. 68495,en,15,arindama,arindama,Arindama,Arindama,[Sk.arindama,ariṃ + dama of <i>dam</i>] a tamer of enemies,victor,conqueror Pv IV.3<sup>15</sup> (= arīnaṃ damanasīla PvA.251); Sdhp.276.(Page 77),8,1
  2309. 68539,en,15,aritta,aritta,Aritta,Aritta,(nt.) [Vedic aritra,Idg.*ere to row (Sk.<i>ṛ</i> to move); cf.Gr.e)rέssw to row,e)retmόs rudder,Lat.remus,Ohg.ruodar = rudder; Ags.rōwan = E.row] a rudder.Usually in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>piya</i> (phiya) oar,as piyârittaṃ (phiy°) oar &#38; rudder,thus at S.I,103 (T.piya°,v.l.phiya°); A.II,201 (piya°); J.IV,164 (T.piya°,v.l.phiya°); Sn.321 (piya +; SnA 330 phiya = dabbi-padara,aritta = veḷudaṇḍa).DhsA.149.(Page 77),6,1
  2310. 68565,en,15,arittha,ariṭṭha,Ariṭṭha,Ariṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.ariṣṭa,N.of a tree] a kind of spirituous liquor Vin.IV,110.(Page 77),7,1
  2311. 68566,en,15,arittha,ariṭṭha,Ariṭṭha,Ariṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [a + riṭṭha = Vedic ariṣṭa,pp of a + <em>riṣ</em> to hurt or be hurt] unhurt Sdhp.279.(Page 77),7,1
  2312. 68590,en,15,aritthaka,ariṭṭhaka,Ariṭṭhaka,Ariṭṭhaka,(adj.) [fr.ariṭṭha] (a) unhurt; perfect DA.1,94 (°ṃ ñāṇaṃ).-- (b) [fr.ariṭṭha in meaning of “soap-berry plant"?] in phrase mahā ariṭṭhako maṇi S.I,104 “a great mass of soap stone" (cp.Rh.D.in J.R.A.S.1895,893 sq.),“a shaped block of steatite" (Mrs.Rh.D.in K.S 130).(Page 77),9,1
  2313. 68667,en,15,ariya,ariya,Ariya,Ariya,(adj.-n.) [Vedic ārya,of uncertain etym.The other Pāli forms are ayira &#38; ayya] 1.(racial) Aryan D.II,87.‹-› 2.(social) noble,distinguished,of high birth.-- 3.(ethical) in accord with the customs and ideals of the Aryan clans,held in esteem by Aryans,generally approved.Hence:right,good,ideal.[The early Buddhists had no such ideas as we cover with the words Buddhist and Indian.<i>Ariya</i> does not exactly mean either.But it often comes very near to what they would have considered the best in each].-- (adj.):D.I,70 = (°ena sīlakkhan&dcb;hena samannāgata fitted out with our standard morality); III,64 (cakkavatti-vatta),246 (diṭṭhi); M.I,139 (pannaddhaja); II,103 (ariyāya jātiyā jāto,become of the Aryan lineage); S.II,273 (tuṇhībhāva); IV,250 (vaddhi),287 (dhamma); V,82 (bojjhaṅgā),166 (satipaṭṭhānā),222 (vimutti),228 (ñāṇa),255 (iddhipādā),421 (maggo),435 (saccāni),467 (paññā-cakkhu); A.I,71 (parisā); II,36 (ñāya); III,451 (ñāṇa); IV,153 (tuṇhībhāva); V,206 (sīlakkhandha); It.35 (paññā),47 (bhikkhu sammaddaso); Sn.177 (patha = aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo SnA 216); Dh.236 (bhūmi),270; Ps.II,212 (iddhi).<i>--alamariya</i> fully or thoroughly good D.I,163 = III,82 = A.IV,363; nâlamariya not at all good,object,ignoble ibid.-- (m.) Vin.I,197 (na ramati pāpe); D.I,37 = (yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti upekkhako satimā etc.:see 3<sup>rd.</sup> jhāna),245; III,111 (°ānaṃ anupavādaka one who defames the noble); M.I,17,280 (sottiyo ariyo arahaṃ); S.I,225 (°ānaṃ upavādaka); II,123 (id.); IV,53 (°assa vinayo),95 (id.); A.I,256 (°ānaṃ upavādaka); III,19,252 (id.); IV,145 (dele! see arīhatatta); V,68,145 sq.,200,317; It.21,108; Dh.22,164,207; J.III,354 = Miln.230; M.I,7,135 (ariyānaṃ adassāvin:“not recognising the Noble Ones") PvA.26,146; DhA.II,99; Sdhp.444 (°ānaṃ vaṃsa).‹-› <i>anariya</i> (adj. &#38; n.) not Ariyan,ignoble,undignified,low,common,uncultured A.I,81; Sn.664 (= asappurisa SnA 479; DhsA.353); J.II,281 (= dussīla pāpadhamma C.); V,48 (°rūpa shameless),87; DhA.IV,3.-- See also ñāṇa,magga,sacca,sāvaka.<br><br> <i>--âvakāsa</i> appearing noble J.V,87.-- <i>uposatha</i> the ideal feast day (as one of 3) A.I,205 sq.,212.-- <i>kanta</i> loved by the Best D.III,227.-- <i>gaṇā</i> (pl.) troops of worthies J.VI,50 (= brāhmaṇa-gaṇā,te kira tāda ariyâcārā ahesuṃ,tena te evam āha C.).-- <i>garahin</i> casting blame on the righteous Sn.660.-- <i>citta</i> a noble heart.-- <i>traja</i> a true descendant of the Noble ones Dpvs.V,92.-- <i>dasa</i> having the ideal (or best) belief It.93 = 94.-- <i>dhana</i> sublime treasure; always as sattavidha° sevenfold,viz.saddhā°,sīla°,hiri°,ottappa°,suta°,cāga°,paññā° “faith,a moral life,modesty,fear of evil,learning,self-denial,wisdom" ThA.240; VvA.113; DA.II,34.-- <i>dhamma</i> the national customs of the Aryans (= ariyānaṃ eso dhammo Nd<sup>1</sup> 71,72) M.I,1,7,135; A.II,69; V,145 sq.,241,274; Sn.783; Dhs.1003.-- <i>puggala</i> an (ethically) model person,Ps.I,167; Vin.V,117; ThA.206.-- <i>magga</i> the Aryan Path.-- <i>vaṃsa</i> the (fourfold) noble family,i.e.of recluses content with the 4 requisites D.III,224 = A.II,27 = Ps.I,84 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 141; cp.A.III,146.-- <i>vattin</i> leading a noble life,of good conduct J.III,443.-- <i>vatā</i> at Th.1,334 should be read °vattā (Nom.sg.of vattar,<i>vac</i>) “speaking noble words":-- <i>vāsa</i> the most excellent state of mind,habitual disposition,constant practice.Ten such at D.III,269,291 = A.V,29 (Passage recommended to all Buddhists by Asoka in the Bhabra Edict).-- <i>vihāra</i> the best practice S.V,326.-- <i>vohāra</i> noble or honorable practice.There are four,abstinence from lying,from slander,from harsh language,from frivolous talk.They are otherwise known as the 4 vacī-kammantā &#38; represent sīla nos.4--7.See D.III,232; A.II,246; Vin.V,125.-- <i>saṅgha</i> the communion of the Nobles ones PvA.1.-- <i>sacca</i>,a standard truth,an established fact,D.I,189,II.90,304 sq.; III 277; M.I,62,184; III,248; S.V,415 sq.= Vin.I,10,230.It.17; Sn.229,230,267; Dh.190; DhA.III,246; KhA 81,151,185,187; ThA.178,282,291; VvA.73.-- <i>sāvaka</i> a disciple of the noble ones (= ariyānaṃ santike sutattā a.SnA 166).M.I,8,46,91,181,323; II,262; III,134,228,272; It.75; Sn.90; Miln.339; DhA.I,5,(opp.putthujjana).-- <i>sīlin</i> of unblemished conduct,practising virtue D.I,115 (= sīlaṃ ariyaṃ uttamaṃ parisuddhaṃ DA.I,286); M.II,167.<br><br> When the commentators,many centuries afterwards,began to write Pali in S.India &#38; Ceylon,far from the ancient seat of the Aryan clans,the racial sense of the word <i>ariya</i> was scarcely,if at all,present to their minds.Dhammapāla especially was probably a non-Aryan,and certainly lived in a Dravidian environment.The then current similar popular etmologies of <i>ariya</i> and <i>arahant</i> (cp.next article) also assisted the confusion in their minds.They sometimes therefore erroneously identify the two words and explain Aryans as meaning Arahants (DhA.I,230; SnA 537; PvA.60).In other ways also they misrepresented the old texts by ignoring the racial force of the word.Thus at J.V,48 the text,speaking of a hunter belonging to one of the aboriginal tribes,calls him <i>anariya-rūpa</i>.The C.explains this as “shameless",but what the text has,is simply that he looked like a non-Aryan.(cp “frank" in English).(Page 77),5,1
  2314. 68678,en,15,ariya,āriya,Āriya,Āriya,in anāriya at Sn.815 is metric for anariya (q.v.).(Page 108),5,1
  2315. 69680,en,15,arocapana,ārocāpana,Ārocāpana,Ārocāpana,(nt.) [fr.ārocāpeti,Caus.of āroceti] announcement DhA.II,167.(Page 108),9,1
  2316. 69693,en,15,arocapeti,ārocāpeti,Ārocāpeti,Ārocāpeti,(Caus.II.of āroceti] to make some one announce,to let somebody know,usually in phrase <i>kālaṃ ā</i>.Sn.p.111; J.I,115,125; DhA.II,89; PvA.141.(Page 108),9,1
  2317. 69727,en,15,aroceti,āroceti,Āroceti,Āroceti,[ā + roceti,Caus.of <em>ruc</em><i>;</i> cp.BSk.ārocayati Sp.Av.Ś I.9 etc.] to relate,to tell,announce,speak to,address D.I,109,224; Pv.II,8<sup>9</sup> (aor,ārocayi); PvA.4,13 (aññamaññaṃ anārocetvā not speaking to each other),81,274 &#38; freq.passim.-- pp.ārocita; Caus.II.ārocāpeti (q.v.).(Page 108),7,1
  2318. 69746,en,15,arocita,ārocita,Ārocita,Ārocita,[pp.of āroceti] announced,called Vin.II,213 (kāla).(Page 108),7,1
  2319. 69770,en,15,arodana,ārodana,Ārodana,Ārodana,(nt.) [fr.ā + <em>rud</em>,cp.āruṇṇa] crying,lamenting A.III,268 sq.; J.I,34; DhA.I,184; II,100.(Page 109),7,1
  2320. 69838,en,15,arogata,ārogatā,Ārogatā,Ārogatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.a + roga + tā] freedom from illness,health Miln.341.(Page 108),7,1
  2321. 69853,en,15,arogya,ārogya,Ārogya,Ārogya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.aroga,i.e.ā (= a<sup>2</sup>) + roga + ya] absence of illness,health D.I,11; III,220 (°mada),235 (°sampadā); M.I,451 (T.ārūgya,v.l.ārogya),508,509; S.II,109; A.I,146 (°mada); II,143; III,72; V,135 sq.; Sn.749,257 = Dh.204 = J.III,196; Nd<sup>1</sup> 160; Vism.77 (°mada pride of health); PvA.129,198; Sdhp.234.(Page 108),6,1
  2322. 69911,en,15,aroha,āroha,Āroha,Āroha,(-°) [fr.ā + <em>ruh</em>] -- 1.climbing up,growth,increase,extent,in cpd.<i>°pariṇāha</i> length &#38; circumference S.II,206; A.I,288; II,250; IV,397; V,19; J.III,192; V,299; VI,20; Vbh.345 (°māna + pariṇāha-māna); SnA 382.-- 2.one who has climbed up,mounted on,a rider,usually in cpd.<i>ass° </i>&<i> hatth°</i> horse-rider &#38; elephantrider S.IV,310; A.II,166 = III,162 (T.ārūha); IV,107; DhsA.305.-- 3.outfit,possession (or increase,as 1?) Sn.420 (vaṇṇ°).(Page 109),5,1
  2323. 69936,en,15,arohana,ārohaṇa,Ārohaṇa,Ārohaṇa,(nt.) [fr.ā + <em>ruh</em>] climbing,ascending; ascent J.I,70; VI,488; Miln.352; Vism.244; PvA.74.(Page 109),7,1
  2324. 70037,en,15,aropana,āropana,Āropana,Āropana,(nt.) [fr.āropeti] “putting on to",impaling Miln.197 (sūl°),290 (id.).(Page 109),7,1
  2325. 70075,en,15,aropeti,āropeti,Āropeti,Āropeti,[Caus.of āruhati].-- 1.to make ascend,to lead up to (w.Acc.) PvA.76 (pāsādaṃ),160 (id.) -- 2.to put on,take up to (w.Acc.or Loc.) Pv.II,9<sup>2</sup> (yakkhaṃ yānaṃ āropayitvāna); PvA.62 (sarīraṃ citakaṃ ā.),100 (bhaṇḍaṃ sakaṭesu ā.).-- 3.to put on,commit to the care of,entrust,give over to (w.Loc.) J.I,227; PvA.154 (rajjaṃ amaccesu ā.).-- 4.to bring about,get ready,make PvA.73,257 (saṅgahaṃ ā.make a collection); SnA 51,142.‹-› 5.to exhibit,tell,show,give S.I,160 (ovādaṃ); Miln.176 (dosaṃ); DhA.II,75 (id.) -- 6.vādaṃ āropeti to refute a person,to get the better of (Gen.) Vin.I,60; M.II,122; S.I,160.-- pp.<i>āropita</i> (q.v.).(Page 109),7,1
  2326. 70100,en,15,aropita,āropita,Āropita,Āropita,[pp.of āropeti] -- 1.produced,come forward,set up PvA.2.-- 2.effected,made S.III,12; PvA.92,257.-- 3.put on (to a stake),impaled PvA.220 (= āvuta).(Page 109),7,1
  2327. 70146,en,15,aru,aru,Aru,Aru,(nt.) [Vedic aruḥ,unknown etym.] a wound,a sore,only in cpds.:<i>°kāya</i> a heap of sores M.II,64 = Dh.147 = Th.1,769 (= navannaṃ vaṇamukhānaṃ vasena arubhūta kāya DhA.III,109 = VvA.77); <i>°gatta</i> (adj.) with wounds in the body M.I,506 (+ pakka-gatta); Miln.357 (id); <i>°pakka</i> decaying with sores S.IV,198 (°āni gattāni); <i>°bhūta</i> consisting of wounds,a mass of wounds VvA.77 = DhA.III,109.(Page 78),3,1
  2328. 70152,en,15,arubheda,arubheda,Arubheda,Arubheda,the Rigveda ThA.206.(Page 78),8,1
  2329. 70197,en,15,arugya,ārūgya,Ārūgya,Ārūgya,see <i>ārogya</i>.(Page 108),6,1
  2330. 70201,en,15,aruha,ārūha,Ārūha,Ārūha,see <i>āroha</i>.(Page 108),5,1
  2331. 70226,en,15,aruhati,āruhati,Āruhati,Āruhati,[ā + <i>ruh</i>] to climb,ascend,go up or on to Sn.1014 (aor.āruhaṃ); Sdhp.188; ger.āruhitvā Sn.321 &#38; āruyha J.VI,452; Sn.139 (v.l.abhiruyha); It.71.‹-› Caus.<i>āropeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 108),7,1
  2332. 70256,en,15,aruka,aruka,Aruka,Aruka,= aru; only in cpd.<i>°ûpamacitto</i> (adj.) having a heart like a sore (of a man in anger) A.I,124 = Pug.30 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Pug.A 212 as purāṇa-vaṇa-sadisa-citto “an old wound" i.e.continually breaking open).(Page 78),5,1
  2333. 70287,en,15,arulha,ārūḷha,Ārūḷha,Ārūḷha,[pp.of āruhati] -- 1.ascended,mounted,gone up,gone on to IV.137; J.VI,452 (T.āruḷha); Vism.135 (nekkhamma-paṭipadaṃ an°); VvA.64 (magga°); PvA.47 (°nāva),56 (hatthi°).-- 2.come about,effected,made,done PvA.2,144 (cp.BSk.pratijñām ārūḍha having taken a vow Divy 26).-- 3.(of an ornament) put on (to),arrayed J.VI,153,488.(Page 108),6,1
  2334. 70322,en,15,aruna,aruṇa,Aruṇa,Aruṇa,[Vedic aruṇa (adj.) of the colour of fire,i.e.ruddy,nt.the dawn; of Idg.<i>*ereu</i> as in Sk.aruṣa reddish,Av.auruša white,also Sk ravi sun; an enlarged from of Idg.<i>*reu</i> as in Sk.rudhira,rohita red (bloody; see etym.under rohita),Gr.e)rudrόs,Lat.ruber.] the sun Vin.II,68; IV,245; J.II,154; V,403; VI,330; Dpvs.I,56; DA.I,30.‹-› a.uggacchati the sun rises J.I,108; VvA.75, &#38; see cpds.<br><br> <i>--ugga</i> sunrise Vin.IV,272; S.V,29,78,101,442 (at all Saṃyutta pass.the v.l.SS is aruṇagga); Vism.49.<i>--uggamana</i> sunrise (opp.oggamanna).Vin.III,196,204,264; IV,86,166,230,244; DhA.I,165; II,6; PvA.109.<i>--utu</i> the occasion of the sun (-rise) DhA.I,165.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> of the colour of the sun,reddish,yellowish,golden Vism.123; DhA I 1.3 = PvA.216.<i>--sadisa</i> (vaṇṇa) like the sun (in colour) PvA.211 (gloss for suriyavaṇṇa).(Page 78),5,1
  2335. 70415,en,15,arunna,āruṇṇa,Āruṇṇa,Āruṇṇa,(nt.) [orig.pp of ā + <em>rud</em>] weeping,crying,lamenting Miln.357.(Page 108),6,1
  2336. 70470,en,15,arupa,arūpa,Arūpa,Arūpa,(adj.) [a + rūpa] without form or body,incorporeal,D.I,195 sq.; III,240; Sn.755; It.62; Sdhp.228,463,480.See details under rūpa.<br><br> <i>--âvacara</i> the realm or world of Formlessness,Dhs.1281--1285; Ps.I,83 sq.,101.<i>--kāyika</i> belonging to the group of formless beings Miln.317 (devā).<i>--ṭhāyin</i> standing in or being founded on the Formless It.62.<i>--taṇhā</i> “thirst" for the Formless D.III,216.<i>--dhātu</i> the element or sphere of the Incoporeal (as one of the 3 dhātus rūpa°,arūpa°,nirodha°; see <i>dhātu</i>) D.III,215,275; It.45.<i>--bhava</i> formless existence D.III,216.<i>--loka</i> the world of the Formless,Sdhp.494.<i>--saññin</i> not having the idea of form D.II,110; III,260; Exp.I.252.(Page 78),5,1
  2337. 70916,en,15,arupin,arūpin,Arūpin,Arūpin,(adj.) [a + rūpin] = arūpa; D.I,31 (arūpī attā hoti:see DA.I,119),195; III,111,139; It.87 (rūpino va arūpino va sattā).(Page 78),6,1
  2338. 70948,en,15,aruppa,āruppa,Āruppa,Āruppa,(adj.) [fr.arūpa as ā (= a<sup>2</sup>) -- *rūpya] formless,incorporeal; nt.formless existence D.III,275; M.I,410,cp.472; III,163; S.I,131 (°ṭṭhāyin); II,123; A.IV,316; It.61; Sn.754; J.I,406; Dhs.1385 (cp.trsl.57); Vism.338; DA.I,224; SnA 488,508; Sdhp.5,10; the four:Vism.III,326 sq.(Page 108),6,1
  2339. 71028,en,15,asa,asa,Asa,Asa,(adj.) [for asaṃ = asanto,a + santo,ppr.of <i>as</i> in meaning “good"] bad J.IV,435 = VI,235 (sataṃ vā asaṃ,Acc.sg.with v.l.santaṃ ...,expl<sup>d-</sup> by sappurisaṃ vā asappurisaṃ vā C.); V,448 (n.pl.f.asā expl<sup>d.</sup> by asatiyo lāmikā C.; cp.p.446 V.319).(Page 86),3,1
  2340. 71033,en,15,asa,asā,Asā,Asā,see<i> āsa</i>.(Page 88),3,1
  2341. 71036,en,15,asa,āsa,Āsa,Āsa,<sup>4</sup> archaic 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.perf.of atthi to be,only in cpd.<i>itihāsa</i> = iti ha āsa “thus it has been".(Page 113),3,1
  2342. 71037,en,15,asa,āsa,Āsa,Āsa,<sup>3</sup> the adj.form of āsā (f.),wish,hope.See under <i>āsā</i>.(Page 113),3,1
  2343. 71038,en,15,asa,āsa,Āsa,Āsa,<sup>3</sup> [Sk.āśa] food,only in cpd.<i>pātarāsa</i> morning food,breakfast Sn.387 (pāto asitabbo ti pātar-āso piṇḍapātass’etaṃ nāmaṃ SnA 374); DhA.IV,211; see further ref.under pātar; and <i>pacchā-āsa</i> aftermath S.I,74.Can we compare BSk.āsa-pātrī (vessel) Divy 246? Der.fr.āsa is <i>āsaka</i> with abstr.ending āsakattaṃ “cating",food,in nānā° various food or na + anāsak°) Sn.249.See also nirāsa,which may be taken either as nir + *āśa or nir + *āsā.(Page 113),3,1
  2344. 71039,en,15,asa,āsa,Āsa,Āsa,<sup>1</sup> contr.-form of aṃsa in cpd.<i>koṭṭhāsa</i> part.,portion etc.:see aṃsa<sup>1</sup>.Can we compare BSk.āsapātrī (see next).(Page 113),3,1
  2345. 71052,en,15,asa,āsā,Āsā,Āsā,(f.) [cp.Sk.<em>āśaḥ</em> f.] expectation,hope,wish,longing,desire; adj.<i>āsa</i> (-°) longing for,anticipating,desirous of Vin.I,255 (°avacchedika hope-destroying),259; D.II,206; III,88; M.III,138 (āsaṃ karoti); A.I,86 (dve āsā),107 (vigat-āso one whose longings have gone); Sn.474,634,794,864; J.I,267,285; V,401; VI,452 (°chinna = chinnāsa C.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 99,261,213 sq; Vv 37<sup>13</sup> (perhaps better to be read with v.l.SS ahaṃ,cp.VvA.172); Pug.27 (vigat° = arahattāsāya vigatattā vigatāso Pug.A 208); Dhs.1059 (+ āsiṃsanā etc.),1136; PvA.22 (chinn° disappointed),29 (°âbhibhūta),105; Dāvs.V,13; Sdhp.78,111,498,609.(Page 115),3,1
  2346. 71067,en,15,asabala,asabala,Asabala,Asabala,(adj.) [a + sabala] unspotted D.II,80 = III,245.(Page 87),7,1
  2347. 71127,en,15,asabbha,asabbha,Asabbha,Asabbha,(adj.) [a + sabbha,i.e.*sabhya cp.sabhā &#38; in meaning court:courteous,hof:hoflich etc.] not belonging to the assembly-room,not consistent with good manners,impolite,vile,low,of base character J.III,527 (mātugāma); Dh.77 = J.III,367 = Th.1,994; Miln.221; DhA.I,256; ThA.246 (akkhi).Cp.next.-- Note.Both sabbha and sabbhin occur only in the negative form.(Page 87),7,1
  2348. 71145,en,15,asabbhin,asabbhin,Asabbhin,Asabbhin,<i> = asabbna</i> J.I,494,more freq.in cpds.as <i>asabbhi°</i>,e.g.<br><br> <i>--kāraṇa</i> a low or sinful act Miln.280.<i>--rūpa</i> low,common J.VI,386 (= asādhu-jātika,lāmaka),387 (= asabbhijātika),414 (= apaṇḍita-jātika).Cp.prec.(Page 88),8,1
  2349. 71163,en,15,asabha,āsabha,Āsabha,Āsabha,[the guṇa- and comp<sup>n.</sup> form of usabha,corresponding to Sk.ārṣabha › ṛṣabha,see usabha] (in comp<sup>n.</sup>) a bull,peculiar to a bull,bull-like,fig.a man of strong &#38; eminent qualities,a hero or great man,a leader,thus in tār° Sn.687; nar° Sn.684,696; āsabha-camma bull’s hide J.VI,453 (v.l.usabha°).<br><br> <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> (as āsabhaṇṭhāna) “bull’s place",first place,distinguished position,leadership M.I,69; S.II,27; A.II,8 (C.seṭṭha-ṭṭhāna uttama-ṭṭhāna); III,9; V,33 sq.; DA.I,31; KhA 104.(Page 114),6,1
  2350. 71246,en,15,asabhin,āsabhin,Āsabhin,Āsabhin,(adj.) [fr.āsabha] bull-like,becoming to a bull,lordly,majestic,imposing,bold; only in phrase °ṃ vācaṃ bhāsati “speak the lordly word" D.II,15,82; M.III,123j J.I,53; DA.I,91; cp.Dāvs.I,28 (nicchārayi vācaṃ āsabhiṃ).(Page 114),7,1
  2351. 71254,en,15,asacca,asacca,Asacca,Asacca,(adj.) [a + sacca] not true,false J.V,399.(Page 87),6,1
  2352. 71301,en,15,asada,āsada,Āsada,Āsada,[ā + <em>sad</em><i>;</i> cp.āsajja &#38; āsādeti] -- 1.approach,dealing with,business with (Acc.),concern,affair,means of acting or getting Vin.II,195 = J.V,336 (mā kuñjara nāgam āsado); M.I,326 (metaṃ āsado = mā etaṃ āsado do not meddle with this,lit.,be not this any affair); J I 414 (cakkaṃ āsado you have to do with the wheel; interpreted as adj.in meaning patto = finding,getting); VI,528 (interpreted as aṅkusa a hook,i.e.means of getting something).-- 2.(as adj.) in phrase <i>durāsada</i> hard to sit on,i.e.hard to get at,unapproachable,difficult to attack or manage or conquer Sn.p.107 (cp.SnA 451); J.VI,272; Vv 50<sup>16</sup> (= anupagamanīyato kenaci pi anāsādanīyato ca durāsado VvA.213); Miln.21; Dpvs.V,21; VI,38; Sdhp.384.(Page 114),5,1
  2353. 71348,en,15,asaddha,asaddha,Asaddha,Asaddha,(adj.) [a + saddha] not believing,without faith D.III,252,282.(Page 87),7,1
  2354. 71360,en,15,asaddhamma,asaddhamma,Asaddhamma,Asaddhamma,[a + sat + dhamma,cp.asat &#38; BSk.asaddharma] evil condition,sin,esp.sexual intercourse; usually mentioned as a set of several sins,viz.as 3 at It.85; as 4 at A.II,47; as 7 at D.III,252,282; as 8 at Vin.II,202.(Page 87),10,1
  2355. 71425,en,15,asadeti,āsādeti,Āsādeti,Āsādeti,[Caus.of āsīdati,ā + <em>sad</em><i>;</i> cp.āsajja &#38; āsanna] ‹-› 1.to lay hand on,to touch,strike; fig.to offend,assail,insult M.I,371; J.I,481; V,197; aor.<i>āsādesi</i> Th.1,280 (mā ā.Tathāgate); ger.<i>āsādetvā</i> J.V,272; Miln.100,205 (°ayitvā); PvA.266 (isiṃ),<i>āsādiya</i> J.V,154 (āsādiya metri causa; isiṃ,cp.āsajja<sup>3</sup>), &#38; <i>āsajja</i> (q.v.); infin.<i>āsāduṃ</i> J.V,154 &#38; <i>āsādituṃ</i> ibid.; grd.<i>āsādanīya</i> Miln.205; VvA.213 (an°).-- 2.to come near to (c.Acc.),approach,get J.III,206 (khuracakkaṃ).(Page 115),7,1
  2356. 71445,en,15,asadharana,asādhāraṇa,Asādhāraṇa,Asādhāraṇa,(adj.) [a + sādhāraṇa cp.asādhāraṇa Divy 561] not general,not shared,uncommon,unique Vin.III,35; Kh VIII,9; J.I,58,78; Miln.285; DA.I,71; Sdhp.589,592.(Page 88),10,1
  2357. 71570,en,15,asadisa,asadisa,Asadisa,Asadisa,(adj.) [a + sadisa] incomparable,not having its like DhA.II,89; III,120 (°dāna).(Page 87),7,1
  2358. 71680,en,15,asagguna,asagguṇa,Asagguṇa,Asagguṇa,[a + sagguṇa] bad quality,vice Sdhp.382 (°bhāvin,the a° belongs to the whole cpd.).(Page 87),8,1
  2359. 71705,en,15,asahana,asahana,Asahana,Asahana,(nt.-adj.) [a + sahana] not enduring,non-endurance,inability J.III,20; PvA.17.(Page 88),7,1
  2360. 71728,en,15,asahasa,asāhasa,Asāhasa,Asāhasa,(nt.) [a + sāhasa] absence of violence,meekness,peaceableness D.III,147 (asāhase rata fond of peace); Acc.as adv.asāhasaṃ without violence,not arbitrarily J.III,319; Instr.asāhasena id.J.VI,280; Dh.257 (= amusāvādena DhA.III,382).(Page 88),7,1
  2361. 71756,en,15,asahaya,asahāya,Asahāya,Asahāya,(adj.) [a + sahāya] one who is without friends; who is dependent on himself Miln.225.(Page 88),7,1
  2362. 71788,en,15,asajja,āsajja,Āsajja,Āsajja,(indecl.) [ger.of āsādeti,Caus.of āsīdati,ā + <em>sad</em><i>;</i> Sk.āsādya] -- 1.sitting on,going to,approaching; allocated,belonging to; sometimes merely as prep.Acc.“near" (cp.āsanna) Sn.418 (āsajja naṃ upāvisi he came up near to him),448 (kāko va selaṃ ā.nibbijjāpema Gotamaṃ); J.II,95; VI,194; Miln.271.-- 2.put on to (lit.sitting or sticking on),hitting,striking S.I,127 (khaṇuṃ va urasā ā.nibbijjapetha Gotamā “ye’ve thrust as ‘t were your breast against a stake.Disgusted,come ye hence from Gotama" trsl.p.159; C.expl<sup>s.</sup> by paharitvā,which comes near the usual paraphrase ghaṭṭetvā) ‹-› 3.knocking against or “giving one a setting-to",insulting,offending,assailing D.I,107 (ā.ā.avocāsi = ghaṭṭetvā DA.I,276); A.III,373 (tādisaṃ bhikkhuṃ ā.); J.V,267 (isiṃ ā.Gotamaṃ; C.p.272 āsādetvā); Pv IV.7<sup>10</sup> (isiṃ ā.= āsādetvã PvA.266).-- 4.“sitting on",i.e.attending constantly to,persevering,energetically,with energy or emphasis,willingly,spontaneously M.I,250; D.III,258 = A.IV,236 (dānaṃ deti); Vv 10<sup>6</sup> (dānaṃ adāsiṃ; cp.VvA.55 samāgantvā).See āsada,āsādeti,āsīdeti,āsajjana.(Page 114),6,1
  2363. 71799,en,15,asajjamana,asajjamāna,Asajjamāna,Asajjamāna,(adj.) [ppr.med.of a + sajjati,<em>sañj</em>] not clinging,not stuck,unattached Sn.38,71 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 107); Dh.221 (nāmarūpasmiṃ a.= alaggamana DhA.III,298).(Page 87),10,1
  2364. 71816,en,15,asajjana,āsajjana,Āsajjana,Āsajjana,(nt.) [fr.āsajja in meaning of no.3] “knocking against",setting on,insult,offence Vin.II,203 (°ṃ Tathāgataṃ an insult to the T.; quoted as such at VvA.55,where two meanings of ā.are given,corresponding to āsajja 1 &#38; 3,viz.samāgama &#38; ghaṭṭana,the latter in this quot.) = It.86 (so to be read with v.l.; T.has āpajja naṃ); S.I,114 (apuññaṃ pasavi Māro āsajjanaṃ Tathāgataṃ; trsl.“in seeking the T.to assail"); J.V,208.(Page 114),8,1
  2365. 71833,en,15,asajjhaya,asajjhaya,Asajjhaya,Asajjhaya,[a + sajjhāya] non-repetition Dh.241 (cp.DhA.III,347).(Page 87),9,1
  2366. 71854,en,15,asajjittho,asajjittho,Asajjittho,Asajjittho,2<sup>nd</sup> sg.pret.med.of <i>sajjati</i> to stick or cling to,to hesitate J.I,376.See <i>sajjati</i>.(Page 87),10,1
  2367. 71865,en,15,asaka,āsaka,Āsaka,Āsaka,(adj.) [of āsa<sup>2</sup>] belonging to food,having food,only in neg.<i>an°</i> fasting S.IV,118; Dh.141 (f.ā fasting = bhatta-paṭikkhepa DhA.III,77); J.V,17; VI,63.(Page 113),5,1
  2368. 71877,en,15,asakatta,āsakatta,Āsakatta,Āsakatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.āsaka] having food,feeding,in an° fasting Sn.249 (= abhojana SnA 292).(Page 113),8,1
  2369. 71903,en,15,asakka,asakka,Asakka,Asakka,(adj.) [a + sakka; Sk.aśakya] impossible J.V,362 (°rūpa).(Page 86),6,1
  2370. 71952,en,15,asakkhara,asakkhara,Asakkhara,Asakkhara,(adj.) [a + sakkhara] not stony,free from gravel or stones,smooth J.V,168; DhA.III,401 (opp.sasakkhara).(Page 86),9,1
  2371. 71984,en,15,asakkuneyya,asakkuṇeyya,Asakkuṇeyya,Asakkuṇeyya,(adj.) [grd.of a + sakkoti] impossible,unable to J.I,55; KhA 185 and passim.(Page 86),11,1
  2372. 72017,en,15,asakyadhita,asakyadhītā,Asakyadhītā,Asakyadhītā,(f.) [a + sakyadhītā] not a true Buddhist nun Vin.IV,214.(Page 86),11,1
  2373. 72048,en,15,asalha,āsāḷhā,Āsāḷhā,Āsāḷhā, &#38; Āsāḷhī (f.) [Sk.āṣāḍha] N.of a month (JuneJuly) and of a Nakkhatta; only in comp<sup>n.</sup> as Āsaḷha° &#38; Āsaḷhi°,viz.<i>°nakkhatta</i> J.I,50; SnA 208; <i>°puṇṇamā</i> J.I,63; DhA.I,87; SnA 199; VvA.66; PvA.137; <i>°māsa</i> SnA 378 (= vassûpanāyikāya purimabhāge A.); VvA.307 (= gimhānaṃ pacchimo māso).(Page 115),6,1
  2374. 72178,en,15,asama,asama,Asama,Asama,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [the diaeretic form of Sk.aśman hurling stone,of whieh the contracted form is amha (q.v.); connected with Lat.ocris “mons confragosus"; Gr.a)/kmwn anvil; Lith.akmů̃ stone,see also <i>asana<sup>1</sup></i> (Sk.aśan stone for throwing) and <i>asani</i>] stone,rock DA.I,270,271 (°muṭṭhika having a hammer of stone; v.l.BB.ayamuṭṭhika); SnA 392 (Instr.asmanā).(Page 88),5,1
  2375. 72179,en,15,asama,asama,Asama,Asama,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [a + sama] unequal,incomparable J.I,40 (+ appaṭipuggala); Sdhp.578 (+ atula).Esp.freq.in cpd.<i>°dhura</i> lit.carrying more than an equal burden,of incomparable strength,very steadfast or resolute Sn.694 (= asama-viriya SnA 489); J.I,193; VI,259,330.(Page 88),5,1
  2376. 72265,en,15,asamaggiya,asamaggiya,Asamaggiya,Asamaggiya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.a + samagga] lack of concord,disharmony J.VI,516 (so read for asāmaggiya).(Page 88),10,1
  2377. 72275,en,15,asamahita,asamāhita,Asamāhita,Asamāhita,(adj.) [a + samāhita] not composed,uncontrolled,not firm It.113 (opp.susamāhita); Dh.110,111; Pug.35.(Page 88),9,1
  2378. 72304,en,15,asamana,asamaṇa,Asamaṇa,Asamaṇa,at Pug.27 is to be read assamaṇa <i>(q</i>.<i> v</i>.<i>)</i>.<i> </i> (Page 88),7,1
  2379. 72319,en,15,asamana,āsamāna,Āsamāna,Āsamāna,(adj.) [ppr.of āsaṃsati or āsiṃsati,for the usual earlier āsasāna] wishing,desiring,hoping,expecting Vv 84<sup>6</sup> (kiṃ ā = kiṃ paccāsiṃ santo VvA.336); Pv IV.1<sup>24</sup> (= āsiṃsamāna patthayamana PvA.226).(Page 114),7,1
  2380. 72434,en,15,asamapaka,asāmapāka,Asāmapāka,Asāmapāka,(adj.) [a + sāma + pāka] one who does not cook (a meal) for himself (a practice of<i> </i>ascetics) DA.I,270.(Page 88),9,1
  2381. 72452,en,15,asamapekkhana,asamapekkhana,Asamapekkhana,Asamapekkhana,(nt.) &#38; °ā (f.) [fr.a + sam + apekkhati] lack of consideration S.III,261; Dhs.390,1061,1162.(Page 88),13,1
  2382. 72608,en,15,asambadha,asambādha,Asambādha,Asambādha,(adj.) [a + sambādha] unobstructed Sn.150 (= sambādha-virahita KhA 248); J.I,80; ThA.293.(Page 88),9,1
  2383. 72806,en,15,asamharima,asaṃhārima,Asaṃhārima,Asaṃhārima,(adj.) = <i>asaṃhāriya</i> (?) Vin.IV,272.(Page 86),10,1
  2384. 72813,en,15,asamhariya,asaṃhāriya,Asaṃhāriya,Asaṃhāriya,(adj.) [grd.of a + saṃharati] not to be destroyed or shattered It.77; Th.1,372; Nd<sup>2</sup> 110.(Page 86),10,1
  2385. 72832,en,15,asamhira,asaṃhīra,Asaṃhīra,Asaṃhīra,(adj.) [= asaṃhāriya of saṃ + <em>hṛ</em>] immovable,unconquerable,irrefutable Vin.II,96; S.I,193; A.IV,141; V,71; Sn.1149 (as Ep.of Nibbāna,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 110); J.I,62; IV,283 (°citta unfaltering); Dpvs.IV,12.(Page 86),8,1
  2386. 72850,en,15,asamiddhi,asamiddhi,Asamiddhi,Asamiddhi,(f.) [a + samiddhi] misfortune,lack of success J.VI,584.(Page 88),9,1
  2387. 72854,en,15,asamijjhanaka,asamijjhanaka,Asamijjhanaka,Asamijjhanaka,(adj.) [a + samijjhana + ka] unsuccessful,without result,fruitless; f.°ikā J.III,252.(Page 88),13,1
  2388. 72978,en,15,asammodiya,asammodiya,Asammodiya,Asammodiya,(nt.) [a + sammodiya] disagreement,dissension J.VI,517 (= asamaggiya C.).(Page 88),10,1
  2389. 73048,en,15,asammosa,asammosa,Asammosa,Asammosa,[a + sammosa cp.B.Sk.asammoṣadharman Ep.of the Buddha; Divy 49 etc] absence of confusion D.III,221 = Dhs.1366.(Page 88),8,1
  2390. 73134,en,15,asamosarana,asamosaraṇa,Asamosaraṇa,Asamosaraṇa,(nt.) [a + samosaraṇa] not coming together,not meeting,separation J.V,233.(Page 88),11,1
  2391. 73191,en,15,asampajanna,asampajañña,Asampajañña,Asampajañña,(nt.) [a + sampajañña] lack of intelligence D.III,213; Dhs.390,1061,1162,1351.(Page 88),11,1
  2392. 73220,en,15,asampakampiya,asampakampiya,Asampakampiya,Asampakampiya,(adj.) [grd.of a + sampakampeti] not to be shaken,not to be moved Sn.229 (= kampetuṃ vā cāletuṃ vā asakkuṇeyyo KhA 185).(Page 88),13,1
  2393. 73326,en,15,asampayanto,asampāyanto,Asampāyanto,Asampāyanto,[ppr.of a + sampāyati] unable to solve or explain Sn.p.92.(Page 88),11,1
  2394. 73376,en,15,asamsa,āsaṃsa,Āsaṃsa,Āsaṃsa,(adj.) [of *āśaṃsā,see next] hoping,expecting something,longing for A.I,108 = Pug.27 (expl<sup>d.</sup> by Pug.A 208 as “so hi arahattaṃ āsaṃsati patthetī ti āsaṃso"); SnA 321,336.Cp.nir°.(Page 113),6,1
  2395. 73380,en,15,asamsa,āsaṃsā,Āsaṃsā,Āsaṃsā,(f.) [from ā + <em>śaṃs</em>] wish,desire,expectation,hope J.IV,92.-- Cp.<i>nirāsaṃsa</i>.(Page 113),6,1
  2396. 73406,en,15,asamsati,āsaṃsati,Āsaṃsati,Āsaṃsati,[for the usual āsiṃsati,ā + <em>śaṃs</em>] to expect,hope for,wish Pug.A 208 (= pattheti).See also <i>āsamāna</i>.(Page 113),8,1
  2397. 73415,en,15,asamsattha,asaṃsaṭṭha,Asaṃsaṭṭha,Asaṃsaṭṭha,(adj.) [a + saṃsaṭṭha] not mixed or mixing,not associating,not given to society M.I,214; S.I,63; Sn.628 = Dh.404 (= dassana-savana-samullāpa paribhogakāya-saṃsaggānaṃ abhāvena SnA 468 = DhA.IV,173).(Page 86),10,1
  2398. 73451,en,15,asamthita,asaṃṭhita,Asaṃṭhita,Asaṃṭhita,(adj.) [a + saṇṭhita] not composed,unsettled,fickle It.62,94.(Page 87),9,1
  2399. 73570,en,15,asamvara,asaṃvara,Asaṃvara,Asaṃvara,[a + saṃvāra] absence of closing or restraint,no control Dhs.1345.(Page 86),8,1
  2400. 73583,en,15,asamvasa,asaṃvāsa,Asaṃvāsa,Asaṃvāsa,(adj.) [a + saṃvāsa] deprived of co-residence,expelled from the community Vin.IV,213,214.(Page 86),8,1
  2401. 73589,en,15,asamvata,asaṃvata,Asaṃvata,Asaṃvata,(adj.) [pp.of + saṃvuṇati,cp.saṃvuta] unrestricted,open J.VI,306.(Page 86),8,1
  2402. 73608,en,15,asamvindam,asaṃvindaṃ,Asaṃvindaṃ,Asaṃvindaṃ,[ppr.a + saṃvindati] not finding,not knowing Th.1,717.(Page 86),10,1
  2403. 73619,en,15,asamvuta,asaṃvuta,Asaṃvuta,Asaṃvuta,(adj.) [pp.of a + saṃvuṇāti,cp.saṃvata] not restrained Dhs.1345,1347.(Page 86),8,1
  2404. 73667,en,15,asana,asana,Asana,Asana,<sup>4</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.asanā,to asyati to hurl,throw] an arrow M.I,82 = S.I,62.Cp.<i>asani</i>.(Page 87),5,1
  2405. 73668,en,15,asana,asana,Asana,Asana,<sup>3</sup> (nt.) [Sk.asana] the tree Pentaptera Tomentosa J.I,40 (as Bodhi-tree of Gotama); II,91; V,420; VI,530.(Page 87),5,1
  2406. 73669,en,15,asana,asana,Asana,Asana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.aśana of <em>aś</em>,cp.asati] eating,food; adj.eating J.I,472 (ghatâsana Ep.of the fire; V,64 (id.).Usually in neg.form <i>anasana</i> fasting,famine,hunger Sn.311 (= khudā SnA 324); DA.I,139.See also <i>nirasana</i>.(Page 87),5,1
  2407. 73670,en,15,asana,asana,Asana,Asana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic aśan(m)] stone,rock J.II,91; V,131.(Page 87),5,1
  2408. 73685,en,15,asana,āsana,Āsana,Āsana,<sup>2</sup> (?) eating Vism.116 (visam°,cp.visam-āsita Miln.302).See,however,<i>māsana</i>.(Page 114),5,1
  2409. 73686,en,15,asana,āsana,Āsana,Āsana,(nt.) [from āsati] sitting,sitting down; a seat,throne M.I,469; Vin.I,272 (= pallaṅkassa okāsa); S.I,46 (ek° sitting alone,a solitary seat); A.III,389 (an° without a seat); Sn.338,718,810,981; Nd<sup>1</sup> 131; J.IV,435 (āsān’ûdaka-dāyin giving seat &#38; drink); V,403 (id.); VI,413; DhA.II,31 (dhamm° the preacher’s seat or throne); SnA 401; PvA.16,23,141.<br><br> <i>--âbhihara</i> gift or distinction of the seat J.I,81.<i>--ûpagata</i> endowed with a seat,sitting down Sn.708 (= nisinna SnA 495).<i>--paññāpaka</i> one who appoints seats Vin.II,305.<i>--paṭikkhitta</i> one who rejects all seats,or objects to sitting down D.I,167; A.I,296; II,206; Pug.55.<i>--sālā</i> a hall with seating accommodation Vism.69; DhA.II,65; IV,46.(Page 114),5,1
  2410. 73708,en,15,asanaka,āsanaka,Āsanaka,Āsanaka,(nt.) [āsana + ka] a small seat Vv 1<sup>5</sup>.(Page 114),7,1
  2411. 73788,en,15,asanati,asanāti,Asanāti,Asanāti,[see <i>asati</i>] to eat,to consume (food) J.I,472; V,64; VI,14 (Esb.note:read asnāti; C.paribhuñjati).(Page 87),7,1
  2412. 73856,en,15,asandhita,asandhitā,Asandhitā,Asandhitā,(f.) [a + sandhi + tā] absence of joints,disconnected state J.VI,16.(Page 87),9,1
  2413. 73864,en,15,asandi,āsandi,Āsandi,Āsandi,(f.) [fr.ā + <em>sad</em>] an extra long chair,a deck-chair Vin.I,192; II,142,163,169,170; D.I,7 (= pamāṇâtikkant’āsanaṃ DA.I,86),55 = M.I,515 = S.III,307 (used as a bier) A.I,181; J.I,108.See note at Dial.I.11.(Page 114),6,1
  2414. 73880,en,15,asandika,āsandikā,Āsandikā,Āsandikā,(f.) fr.āsandi] a small chair or tabouret Vin.II,149; KhA 44.(Page 114),8,1
  2415. 73904,en,15,asanga,asaṅga,Asaṅga,Asaṅga,(adj.) [a + saṅga] not sticking to anything,free from attachment,unattached Th.2,396 (°mānasa,= anāsattacitta ThA.259); Miln.343.Cp.next.(Page 87),6,1
  2416. 73911,en,15,asanga,āsaṅga,Āsaṅga,Āsaṅga,[ā + saṅga fr.<em>sañj</em> to hang on,cp.Sk.<i>āsaṅga</i> &#38; <i>āsakti</i>] -- 1.adhering,clinging to,attachment,pursuit J.IV,11.-- 2.that which hangs on (the body),clothing,garment,dress; adj.dressed or clothed in (-°); usually in cpd.<i>uttarāsaṅga</i> a loose (hanging) outer robe e.g.Vin.I,289; S.IV,290; PvA.73; VvÁ 33 (suddh°),51 (id.).(Page 114),6,1
  2417. 74020,en,15,asangin,āsaṅgin,Āsaṅgin,Āsaṅgin,(adj.) [fr.āsanga] hanging on,attached to J.IV,11.(Page 114),7,1
  2418. 74022,en,15,asangita,asaṅgita,Asaṅgita,Asaṅgita,(adj.) [fr.asaṅga,a + saṅgita,or should we read asaṅgika?] not sticking or stuck,unimpeded,free,quick J.V,409.(Page 87),8,1
  2419. 74040,en,15,asani,asani,Asani,Asani,(f.) [Vedic aśani in same meaning; with Sk.aśri corner,caturaśra four cornered (see assa),to Lat.ācer pointed,sharp,Gr.a]/kros pointed,Ags.egl sting,Ohg.ekka corner,point.Connected with this is Sk.aśan (see <i>asana<sup>1</sup></i>).Cp.also aṃsa &#38; asama<sup>2</sup>] orig.a sharp stone as hurling-weapon thence in mythol.Indra’s thunderbolt,thunder-clap,lightning J.I,71,167; II,154; III,323; Miln.277; VvA.83.<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> the fire of thunder,i.e.lightning or fire caused by lightning DhA.III,71.<i>--pāta</i> the falling of the thunderbolt,thunderclap,lightning DA.I,280 (or should we read asannipāta?); PvA.45.<i>--vicakka</i> same as °pāta (?) S.II,229 (= lābha-sakkāra-silokassa adhivacana); D.III,44,47.(Page 87),5,1
  2420. 74056,en,15,asanika,āsanika,Āsanika,Āsanika,(adj.) [fr.āsana] having a seat; in <i>ek°</i> sitting by oneself Vism.69.(Page 114),7,1
  2421. 74137,en,15,asanka,āsaṅkā,Āsaṅkā,Āsaṅkā,(f.) [Sk.āśaṅkā fr.ā + <em>śaṅk</em>] fear,apprehension,doubt,suspicion J.I,338; II,383; III,533; VI,350,370; DhA.III,485; VvA.110.-- Cp.<i>sāsaṅka </i>&<i> nirāsaṅka</i>.(Page 113),6,1
  2422. 74205,en,15,asankati,āsaṅkati,Āsaṅkati,Āsaṅkati,[ā + <em>śaṅk</em>] to be doubtful or afraid,to suspect,distrust,J.I,151 (pret.āsaṅkittha),163 (aor.āsaṅki); II,203; SnA 298.-- pp.<i>āsaṅkita</i> (q v.),(Page 113),8,1
  2423. 74337,en,15,asankheyya,asaṅkheyya,Asaṅkheyya,Asaṅkheyya,(adj.) [a + saṅkheyya,grd.of saṃ-<em>khyā</em>] incalculable,innumerable,nt.an immense period A.II,142; Miln.232 (cattāri a.),289 DhA.I,5,83,104.(Page 87),10,1
  2424. 74414,en,15,asankin,āsaṅkin,Āsaṅkin,Āsaṅkin,(-°) (adj.) [fr.āsaṅkā] fearing,anxious,apprehensive Sn.255 (bhedā°); J.III,192 (id.).(Page 113),7,1
  2425. 74424,en,15,asankita,asaṅkita,Asaṅkita,Asaṅkita, &#38; °iya (adj.) [a + saṅkita,pp.of <em>śaṅk</em>] not hesitating,not afraid,not anxious,firm,bold J.I,334 (°iya); V,241; Sdhp.435,541.(Page 87),8,1
  2426. 74431,en,15,asankita,āsaṅkita,Āsaṅkita,Āsaṅkita,(adj.) [pp.of āsaṅkati] suspected,in fear,afraid,apprehensive,doubtful (obj. &#38; subj.) Miln.173,372 (°parisaṅkita full of apprehension and suspicion); DhA.I,223; VvA.110.-- Cp.<i>ussaṅkita </i>&<i> parisaṅkita</i>.(Page 113),8,1
  2427. 74467,en,15,asankuppa,asaṅkuppa,Asaṅkuppa,Asaṅkuppa,(adj.) [a + saṅkuppa,grd.of <em>kup</em>] not to be shaken; immovable; steady,safe (Ep.of Nibbāna) Sn.1149 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 106); Th.1,649.(Page 87),9,1
  2428. 74472,en,15,asankusaka,asaṅkusaka,Asaṅkusaka,Asaṅkusaka,(adj.) [a + saṅkusaka,which is distorted from Sk.saṅkasuka splitting,crumbling,see Kern,Toev.p.18] not contrary J.VI,297 (°vattin,C.appaṭilomavattin,cp.J trsl<sup>n.</sup> VI,143).(Page 87),10,1
  2429. 74485,en,15,asanna,asañña,Asañña,Asañña,(adj.) [a + saññā] unconscious,<i>°sattā</i> unconscious beings N.of a class of Devas D.I,28 (cp.DA.I,118 and BSk.asaṃjñika-sattvāḥ Divy 505).(Page 87),6,1
  2430. 74498,en,15,asanna,āsanna,Āsanna,Āsanna,(adj.) [pp.of ā + <em>sad</em>,see āsīdati] near (cp.āsajja<sup>1</sup>),opp.<i>dūra</i> J.II,154; DhA II 91; PvA.42,243.(Page 114),6,1
  2431. 74645,en,15,asannata,asaññata,Asaññata,Asaññata,(adj.) [a + saññata,pp.of saṃ + <em>yam</em>] unrestrained,intemperate,lacking self-control It.43 = 90 = Sn.662 = Dh.307.(Page 87),8,1
  2432. 74648,en,15,asannata,asannata,Asannata,Asannata,(adj.) [a + sannata] not bent or bending Sdhp.417.(Page 87),8,1
  2433. 74749,en,15,asannin,asaññin,Asaññin,Asaññin,(adj.) [a + saññin] unconscious D.I,54 (°gabbhā,cp.DA.I,163); III,111,140,263; It.87; Sn.874.(Page 87),7,1
  2434. 74895,en,15,asantasam,asantasaṃ,Asantasaṃ,Asantasaṃ, &#38; °anto (adj.) [ppr.of a + santasati] fearless,not afraid Sn.71,74; J.IV,101; VI,306; Nd<sup>2</sup> 109.(Page 87),9,1
  2435. 74934,en,15,asantasin,asantāsin,Asantāsin,Asantāsin,(adj.) [a + santāsin,cp.asantāsaṃ] fearless,not trembling,not afraid Sn.850; Dh.351; Nd<sup>2</sup> 109; DhA.IV,70.(Page 87),9,1
  2436. 74980,en,15,asanthava,asanthava,Asanthava,Asanthava,[a + santhava] dissociation,separation from society,seclusion Sn.207.(Page 87),9,1
  2437. 75023,en,15,asantuttha,asantuṭṭha,Asantuṭṭha,Asantuṭṭha,[pp.of a + santussati] not contented with,greedy,insatiate,unhappy Sn.108.Cp.next.(Page 87),10,1
  2438. 75047,en,15,asantutthita,asantuṭṭhitā,Asantuṭṭhitā,Asantuṭṭhitā,(f.) [abstr.fr.asantuṭṭhita = asantuṭṭha] dissatisfaction,discontentment D.III,214 (so read for tutth°) = A.I,95.(Page 87),12,1
  2439. 75068,en,15,asapatta,asapatta,Asapatta,Asapatta,(adj.-n.) [a + sapatta = Sk.sapatna] (act.) without enmity,friendly (med.) having no enemy or foe,secure,peaceful D.II,276; Sn.150 (= vigata-paccatthika,mettavihārin KhA 249); Th.2,512.(Page 87),8,1
  2440. 75077,en,15,asapatti,asapattī,Asapattī,Asapattī,(f.) [a + sapattī] without co-wife or rival in marriage S.IV,249.(Page 87),8,1
  2441. 75094,en,15,asappana,āsappanā,Āsappanā,Āsappanā,(fr.) [fr.+ <em>sṛp</em>] lit.“creeping on to",doubt,mistrust,always comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>parisappanā</i> Nd<sup>3</sup> 1; Dhs.1004 (trsl.“evasion",cp.Dhs.trsl.p 116),1118,1235; DA.I,69.(Page 114),8,1
  2442. 75172,en,15,asappurisa,asappurisa,Asappurisa,Asappurisa,[a + sappurisa,cp.<i>asat</i>] a low,bad or unworthy man M.III,37; SnA 479 (= anariya Sn.664).(Page 87),10,1
  2443. 75248,en,15,asara,asāra,Asāra,Asāra,(n.adj.) [a + sāra] that which is not substance,worthlessness; adj.worthless,vain,idle Sn.937 (= asāra nissāra sārâpagata Nd<sup>1</sup> 409); Dh.11,12 (cp.DhA.I,114 for interpretation).(Page 88),5,1
  2444. 75277,en,15,asaraddha,asāraddha,Asāraddha,Asāraddha,(adj.) [a + sāraddha] not excited,cool A.I,148 = It.119 (passaddho kāyo a.; v.l.assāraddha).(Page 88),9,1
  2445. 75311,en,15,asaraka,asāraka,Asāraka,Asāraka,(adj.) [a + sāraka] unessential,worthless,sapless,rotten Th.1,260; J.II,163 = DhA.I,144.(Page 88),7,1
  2446. 75418,en,15,asasana,āsasāna,Āsasāna,Āsasāna,[either grd.for *āsaṃsāna or contracted form of ppr.med.of āsaṃsati (= āsiṃsati) for *asaṃsamāna] hoping,wishing,desiring,longing for Sn.369 (an°; SnA 365 however reads āsayāna),1090; Th.1,528; J.IV,18 (= āsiṃsanto C.),381; V,391 (= āsiṃsanto C.).See anāsasāna,āsaṃsati,āsamāna &#38; āsayāna.(Page 115),7,1
  2447. 75422,en,15,asasati,āsāsati,Āsāsati,Āsāsati,[cp.Sk.āśāsati &#38; āśāsti,ā + <em>śās</em>] to pray for,expect,hope; confounded with <em>śaṃs</em> in āsaṃsati &#38; āsiṃsati (q.v.) &#38; their derivations.-- pp.<i>āsiṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 115),7,1
  2448. 75444,en,15,asat,asat,Asat,Asat,(Asanto) [a + sat,ppr.of asti] not being,not being good,i.e.bad,not genuine (cp.asa); freq.,e.g.Sn.94,131,881,950; Dh.73,77,367; It.69 (asanto nirayaṃ nenti).See also <i>asaddhamma</i>. *Asati (&<i> Asanāti</i> q.v.) [Sk.aśnāti,<em>aś</em> to partake of,to eat or drink cp.aṃśa share,part] to eat; imper.<i>asnātu</i> J V 376; fut.<i>asissāmi</i> Th.1,223; Sn.970.-- ppr.med.<i>asamāna</i> J.V,59; Sn.239.ger.<i>asitvā</i> Miln.167; &#38; <i>asitvāna</i> J.IV,371 (an°).pp.<i>asita</i> (q.v.).See also the spurious forms <i>asmiye </i>&<i> añhati</i> (añhamāna Sn.240),also <i>āsita<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 87),4,1
  2449. 75454,en,15,asata,asāta,Asāta,Asāta,(adj.) [a + sāta,Sk.aśāta,Kern’s interpretation &#38; etymology of asāta at Toev.s.v.p.90 is improbable] disagreeable Vin.I,78 (asātā vedanā,cp.asātā vedanā M Vastu I 5); Sn.867; J.I,288,410; II,105; Dhs.152,1343.(Page 88),5,1
  2450. 75500,en,15,asatha,asaṭha,Asaṭha,Asaṭha,(adj.) [a + saṭha] without guile,not fraudulent,honest D.III,47,55,237; DhA.I,69.(Page 87),6,1
  2451. 75540,en,15,asati,āsati,Āsati,Āsati,[from <em>as</em>] to sit DA.I,208; h.sg.āsi S.I,130.‹-› pp.<i>āsīna</i> (q.v.).(Page 114),5,1
  2452. 75555,en,15,asatika,āsāṭikā,Āsāṭikā,Āsāṭikā,(f.) [cp.Mārāṭhi āsāḍī] a fly’s egg,a nit M.I,220 sq.; A.V,347 sq.,351,359; Nett 59; J.III,176.(Page 115),7,1
  2453. 75572,en,15,asatiya,asatiyā,Asatiyā,Asatiyā,(adv.) [Instr.of a + sati] heedlessly,unintentionally J.III,486.(Page 87),7,1
  2454. 75585,en,15,asatta,asatta,Asatta,Asatta,(adj.) [pp.of a + sajjati] not clinging or attached,free from attachment Sn.1059; Dh.419; Nd<sup>2</sup> 107,108; DhA.IV,228.(Page 87),6,1
  2455. 75598,en,15,asatta,āsatta,Āsatta,Āsatta,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of ā + <em>śap</em>] accursed,cursed J.V,446 (an°).(Page 114),6,1
  2456. 75599,en,15,asatta,āsatta,Āsatta,Āsatta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of ā + <em>sañj</em>] (a) lit.hanging on,in phrase kaṇṭhe āsatto kuṇapo a corpse hanging round one’s neck M.I,120; J.I,5.-- (b) fig.attached to,clinging to J.I,377 (+ satta lagga); ThA.259 (an°).(Page 114),6,1
  2457. 75632,en,15,asattha,asattha,Asattha,Asattha,(n.adj.) [a + sattha] absence of a sword or knife,without a knife,usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>adaṇḍa</i> in var.phrases:see under <i>daṇḍa</i>.Also at Th.1,757 (+ avaṇa).(Page 87),7,1
  2458. 75659,en,15,asatti,āsatti,Āsatti,Āsatti,(f.) [ā + <em>sañj</em>] attachment,hanging on (w.Loc.),dependence,clinging Vin.II,156 = A.I,138; S.I,212; Sn.777 (bhavesu); Nd<sup>1</sup> 51,221; Nett 12,128.-- Cp.<i>nirāsattin</i>.(Page 114),6,1
  2459. 75696,en,15,asava,āsava,Āsava,Āsava,[fr.ā + <em>sru</em>,would corresp.to a Sk.<i>*āsrava</i>,cp.Sk.āsrāva.The BSk.āśrava is a (wrong) sankritisation of the Pāli āsava,cp.Divy 391 &#38; kṣīnāśrava] that which flows (out or on to) outflow &#38; influx.1.spirit,the intoxicating extract or secretion of a tree or flower,O.C.in Vin.IV,110 (four kinds); B.on D.III,182 (five kinds) DhsA.48; KhA 26; J.IV,222; VI,9.-- 2.discharge from a sore,A.I,124,127 = Pug.30.-- 3.in psychology,t.t.for certain specified ideas which intoxicate the mind (bemuddle it,befoozle it,so that it cannot rise to higher things).Freedom from the “Āsavas" constitutes Arahantship, &#38; the fight for the extinction of these āsavas forms one of the main duties of man.On the difficulty of translating the term see Cpd.227.See also discussion of term āsava (= āsavantī ti āsavā) at DhsA.48 (cp.Expositor pp.63 sq).See also Cpd.227 sq., &#38; especially Dhs.trsl.291 sq.-- The 4 āsavas are <i>kām°</i>,<i> bhav°</i>,<i> diṭṭh°</i>,<i> avijj°</i>,i.e.sensuality,rebirth (lust of life),speculation and ignorance.-- They are mentioned as such at D.II,81,84,91,94,98,123,126; A.I,165 sq.,196; II,211; III,93,414; IV,79; Ps.I,94,117; Dhs.1099,1448; Nd<sup>2</sup> 134; Nett 31,114 sq.-- The set of 3,which is probably older (kāma°,bhava°,avijjā°) occurs at M.I,55; A.I,165; III,414; S.IV,256; V,56,189; It.49; Vbh.364.For other connections see Vin.I,14 (anupādāya āsavehi cittani vimucciṃsu),17,20,182; II,202; III,5 (°samudaya,°nirodha etc.); D.I,83,167; III,78,108,130,220,223,230,240,283; M.I,7 sq.,23,35,76,219,279,445 (°ṭhāniya); II,22; III,72,277; S.II,187 sq.(°ehi cittaṃ vimucci); III,45 (id.); IV,107 (id.),20; V,8,28,410; A.I,85 sq.(vaḍḍhanti),98,165 (°samudaya,°nirodha etc.),187; II,154 (°ehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ),196; III,21,93 (°samudaya,°nirodha etc.),245,387 sq.,410,414; IV,13,146 (°pariyādāna end of the ā.),161 (°vighāta-pariḷāha); V,70,237; Th.2,4,99,101 (pahāsi āsave sabbe); Sn.162,374,535 (pl.āsavāni),546,749,915,1100; Dh.93,253,292; Nd<sup>1</sup> 331 (pubb°); Vbh.42,64,426; Pug.11,13,27,30 sq.; Miln.419; DhsA.48; ThA.94,173; KhA 26; DA.I,224; Sdhp.1; Pgdp 65 (piyāsava-surā,meaning?).<br><br> Referring specially to the extinction <i>(khaya)</i> of the āsavas &#38; to Arahantship following as a result are the foll.passages:(1) <i>āsavānaṃ khaya</i> D.I,156; S.II,29,214; III 57,96 sq,152 sq; IV,105,175; V,92,203,220,271,284; A.I,107 sq.,123 sq.,232 sq.,273,291; II,6,36,44 sq.,149 sq.,214; III 69,114,131,202,306,319 sq.; IV,83 sq.,119,140 sq.,314 sq.; V,10 sq.,36,69,94 sq,105,132,174 sq.,343 sq.; It.49; Pug.27,62; Vbh.334,344; Vism.9; DA.I,224; cp.°parikkhaya A V 343 sq.See also arahatta formula C.-- (2) <i>khīṇāsava</i> (adj.) one whose Āsavas are destroyed (see khīṇa) S.I,13,48,53,146; II 83,239; III,199,128,178; IV,217; A I 77,109,241,266; IV,120,224,370 sq.; V 40,253 sq.; Ps.II 173; cp.parikkhīṇā āsavā A.IV,418,434,451 sq.; āsavakhīṇa Sn.370.-- (3) <i>anāsava</i> (adj.) one who is free from the āsavas,an Arahant Vin.II,148 = 164; D.III,112; S I 130; II,214,222; III,83; IV,128; A.I,81,107 sq,123 sq.,273,291; II,6,36,87,146; III,19,29,114,166; IV,98,140 sq.,314 sq.,400; A.V,10 sqQ,36,242,340; Sn.1105,1133; Dh.94,126,386; Th.I,100; It.75; Nd<sup>2</sup> 44; Pv.II,6<sup>15</sup>; Pug.27; Vbh.426; Dhs.1101,1451; VvA.9Q Cp.<i>nirāsava</i> ThA.148.-- Opp.<i>sāsava</i> S III 47; V,232; A.I,81 V.242; Dhs.990; Nett 10; Vism.13,438.(Page 114),5,1
  2460. 75861,en,15,asavati,āsavati,Āsavati,Āsavati,[ā + <em>sru</em>,cp.Sk.āsravati; its doublet is <i>assavati</i>] to flow towards,come to,occur,happen Nett 116.(Page 115),7,1
  2461. 75865,en,15,asavati,āsāvati,Āsāvati,Āsāvati,(f.) N.of a creeper (growing at the celestial grove Cittalatā) J.III,250,251.(Page 115),7,1
  2462. 75913,en,15,asaya,āsaya,Āsaya,Āsaya,[ā + <em>śī</em>,cp.in similar meaning &#38; derivation anusaya.The semantically related Sk.āśraya from ā + <i>śri</i> is in P.represented by assaya.Cp.also BSk.āśayataḥ intentionally,in earnest Divy 281; Av.Ś II.161] -- 1.abode,haunt,receptacle; dependence on,refuge,support,condition S.I,38; Vin.III,151; J.II,99; Miln.257; VvA.60; PvA.210; jal° river VvA.47; Pgdp 80; adj.depending on,living in (-°) Miln.317; Nd<sup>1</sup> 362 (bil°,dak° etc.).See also āmāsaya,pakkāsaya.-- 2.(fig.) inclination,intention,will,hope; often comb<sup>d.</sup> &#38; compared with <i>anusaya</i> (inclination,hankering,disposition),e.g.at Ps.I,133; II,158; Vbh.340; Vism.140 (°posana); PvA.197.‹-› SnA 182 (°vipatti),314 (°suddhi),KhA 103 (°sampatti).Cp.nirāsaya.-- 3.outflow,excretion Pv III,5<sup>3</sup> (gabbh° = gabbha-mala PvA.198); Vism.344.(Page 114),5,1
  2463. 75943,en,15,asayamvasin,asayaṃvasin,Asayaṃvasin,Asayaṃvasin,(adj.) [a + sayaṃ + vasiṃ] not under one’s own control,i.e.dependent D.II,262; J.I,337.(Page 88),11,1
  2464. 75975,en,15,asayati,āsayati,Āsayati,Āsayati,[ā + <em>śī</em><i>;</i> lit.“lie on",cp.Ger.anliegen &#38; Sk.āśaya = Ger.Angelegenheit] to wish,desire,hope,intend J.IV,291 (grd.āsāyana,gloss esamāna).See <i>āsaya</i>.(Page 114),7,1
  2465. 75991,en,15,asayha,asayha,Asayha,Asayha,(adj.) [a + sayha,grd.of sah = Sk.asahya] impossible,insuperable J.VI,337.Usually in cpd.°sāhin conquering the unconquerable,doing the impossible,acchieving what has not been achieved before Th.1,536,Pv.II,9<sup>22</sup> (Aṅgīrasa); It.32.(Page 88),6,1
  2466. 76033,en,15,asecanaka,asecanaka,Asecanaka,Asecanaka,(adj.) [a + secana + ka,fr.<em>sic</em> to sprinkle,cp.B.Sk.asecanaka-darśana in same meaning e.g.Divy 23,226,334] <i>unmixed</i>,unadulterated,i.e.with full and unimpaired properties,delicious,sublime,lovely M.I,114; S.I,213 (a.ojava “that elixir that no infusion needs" Mrs Rh.D.) = Th.2,55 (expl<sup>d.</sup> as anāsittakaṃ pakatiyā’va mahārasaṃ at ThA.61) = Th.2,196 (= anāsittakaṃ ojavantaṃ sabhāva-madhuraṃ ThA.168); S.V,321; A.III,237 sq.Miln.405.(Page 89),9,1
  2467. 76056,en,15,asekha,asekha,Asekha,Asekha,( &#38; Asekkha) (adj.n.) [a + sekha] not requiring to be trained,adept,perfect,m.one who is no longer a learner,an expert; very often meaning an Arahant (cp.B.Sk.aśaikṣa occurring only in phrase śaikṣâśaikṣāh those in training &#38; the adepts,e.g.Divy 261,337; Av.Ś I.269,335; II,144) Vin.I,62 sq.; III,24; S.I,99; D.III,218,219; It.51 (asekho sīlakkhandho; v.l.asekkha); Pug.14 (= arahant); Dhs.584,1017,1401; Kvu 303 sq.<br><br> <i>--muni</i> the perfectly Wise DhA.III,321.<i>--bala</i> the power of an Arahant,enum<sup>d.</sup> in a set of 10 at Ps.II,173,cp.176.(Page 89),6,1
  2468. 76211,en,15,asesa,asesa,Asesa,Asesa,(adj.) [a + sesa] not leaving a remnant,without a remainder,all,entire,complete Sn.2 sq.,351,355,500,1037 (= sabba Nd<sup>2</sup> 113).As °- (adv.) entirely,fully,completely Sn.p.141 (°virāga-nirodha); Miln.212 (°vacana inclusive statement).(Page 89),5,1
  2469. 76254,en,15,asesita,asesita,Asesita,Asesita,(adj.) [pp.of a + Caus.of <em>śiṣ</em>,see seseti &#38; sissati] leaving nothing over,having nothing left,entire,whole,all J.III,153.(Page 89),7,1
  2470. 76286,en,15,asevana,asevanā,Asevanā,Asevanā,(f.) [a + sevanā] not practising,abstinence from Sn.259 (= abhajanā apayirupāsanā KhA 124).(Page 89),7,1
  2471. 76290,en,15,asevana,āsevana,Āsevana,Āsevana,(nt.) &#38; <i>āsevanā</i> (f.) [fr.āsevati] -- 1.practice,pursuit,indulgence in Vin.II,117; PvA.45.-- 2.succession,repetition Dhs.1367; Kvu 510 (cp.trsl.294,362); Vism.538.(Page 116),7,1
  2472. 76361,en,15,asevati,āsevati,Āsevati,Āsevati,[ā + <em>sev</em>] to frequent,visit; to practise,pursue,indulge,enjoy A.I,10; Sn.73 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 94); Ps.II,93 (maggaṃ).-- pp.<i>āsevita</i>.(Page 116),7,1
  2473. 76386,en,15,asevita,āsevita,Āsevita,Āsevita,[pp.of āsevati] frequented,indulged,practised,enjoyed J.I,21 (V.141; āsevita-nisevita); II,60; Sdhp.93,237.(Page 116),7,1
  2474. 76433,en,15,asi,asi,Asi,Asi,[Vedic asi,Av.aṃhū Lat.ensis] a sword,a large knife D.I,77 (= DA.I,222); M.II,99; A.I,48 = (asinā sīsaṃ chindante); IV,97 (asinā hanti attānaṃ); J.IV,118 (asi sunisito),184; V,45 (here meaning “sickle"),475 (asiñ ca me maññasi,probably faulty for either “āsiñ ca me" or “āsiñcam me"); Vism.201 (ñāṇâsi the sword of knowledge); PvA.253 (asinā pahaṭa).<br><br> --camma sword &#38; shield Vin.II,192; A.III,93; J.VI,449.--<i>tharu</i> the hilt of a sword DhA.IV,66.--<i>nakha</i> having nails like swords Pgdp 29.--patta having sword-like leaves,with swords (knives) for leaves (of the sword-leaf-wood in Niraya,a late feature in the descriptions of Purgatory in Indian speculative Theology,see e.g.Mārk-aṇḍeyapurāṇa XII.24 sq.; Mhbhārata XII.321; Manu IV.90; XII.75; Scherman,Visionsliteratur pp.23 sq.) J.VI,250 (°niraya); PvA.221 (°vana); Sdhp.194.--<i>pāsa</i> having swords for snares (a class of deities) Miln.191.--<i>māla </i>(-kamma) sword-garland (-torture) J.III,178 (+sīsaṃ chindāpeti); Dāvs III,35.Preferable to interpretation “sword-dirt",see māla (mālā).--<i>lakkhana</i> “swordsign",i.e.(fortune-telling from) marks or a sword D.I,9; J.I,455.--<i>loma</i> having swords for hair S.II,257,cp.Vin.III,106.--<i>sūna</i> slaughter-house (so also B.Sk.asisūnā Divy 10,15; see further detail under “kāma" similes) Vin.II,26; M.I,130,143; A.III,97.--<i>sūla </i>a swordblade Th.2,488 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at ThA.287 by adhikuṭṭanatthena,i.e.with reference to the executioner’s block,cp.also sattisūla).(Page 88),3,1
  2475. 76446,en,15,asi,āsi,Āsi,Āsi, &#38; Āsiṃ 3<sup>rd</sup> &#38; 1<sup>st</sup> sg.aor.of <i>atthi</i> (q.v.).(Page 115),3,1
  2476. 76473,en,15,asidati,āsīdati,Āsīdati,Āsīdati,[cp.Sk.āsīdati,ā + <em>sad</em>] -- 1.to come together,lit.to sit by D.I,248 (v.l.BB ādisitvā for āsīditvā,to be preferred?).-- 2.to come or go near,to approach (w.Acc.),to get (to) A.III,69 (āsīvisaṃ),373 (na sādhurūpaṃ āsīde,should perhaps be read without the na); J.IV,56.-- 3.to knock against,insult,offend attack J.V,267 (Pot.āsīde = pharusa-vacanehe kāyakammena vā gbaṭṭento upagaccheyya C.).-- pp.<i>āsanna</i> (q.v.).See also āsajja,āsajjana,āsada &#38; Caus.āsādeti.(Page 116),7,1
  2477. 76525,en,15,asika,asika,Asika,Asika,(adj.) (-°) [asi + ka] having a sword,with a sword in phrase ukkhitt’asika with drawn sword,M.I,377; J.I,393.(Page 88),5,1
  2478. 76536,en,15,asikkhita,āsikkhita,Āsikkhita,Āsikkhita,[pp.of ā + <em>śikṣ</em>,Sk.āśikṣita] sohooled,instructed PvA.67,68.(Page 115),9,1
  2479. 76631,en,15,asimsaka,āsiṃsaka,Āsiṃsaka,Āsiṃsaka,(adj.) [fr.ā + siṃsati,cp.āsaṃsā] wishing,aspiring after,praying for Miln.342.(Page 115),8,1
  2480. 76641,en,15,asimsana,āsiṃsanā,Āsiṃsanā,Āsiṃsanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ā + <em>śaṃs</em>,cp.āsiṃsati] desire,wish,craving J.V,28; Dhs.1059,1136 (+ āsiṃsitatta).As <i>āsīsanā</i> at Nett 53.(Page 115),8,1
  2481. 76646,en,15,asimsanaka,āsiṃsanaka,Āsiṃsanaka,Āsiṃsanaka,(adj.) [fr.āsiṃsanā] hoping for something,lit.praising somebody for the sake of gain,cadging ThA.217 (for āsaṃsuka Th.2,273).(Page 115),10,1
  2482. 76648,en,15,asimsaniya,āsiṃsaniya,Āsiṃsaniya,Āsiṃsaniya,(adj.) [grd.of āsiṃsati] to be wished for,desirable Miln.2 (°ratana).(Page 115),10,1
  2483. 76655,en,15,asimsati,āsiṃsati,Āsiṃsati,Āsiṃsati,[Sk.āśaṃsati,ā + <em>śaṃs</em>,cp.also <em>śās</em> &#38; āsāsati,further abhisaṃsati,abhisiṃsati &#38; āsaṃsati] to hope for,wish,pray for (lit.praise for the sake of gain),desire,(w.Acc.) S.I,34,62; Sn.779,1044,1046 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 135); J.I,267; III,251; IV,18; V,435; VI,43; Nd<sup>1</sup> 60; Mhvs 30,100; VvA.337; PvA.226 (ppr.āsiṃsamāna for āsamāna,q.v.).(Page 115),8,1
  2484. 76675,en,15,asina,āsīna,Āsīna,Āsīna,(adj.) [pp.of <em>ās</em>,see āsati] sitting S.I,195 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 136; Sn.1105,1136; Dh.227,386; J.I,390; III,95; V,340; VI,297; Dāvs II.17.(Page 116),5,1
  2485. 76702,en,15,asincati,āsiñcati,Āsiñcati,Āsiñcati,[ā + <em>sic</em>,cp.abhisiñcati &#38; avasiñcati] to sprinkle,besprinkle Vin.I,44; II,208; J.IV,376; Vv 79<sup>6</sup> (= siñcati VvA.307); PvA.41 (udakena),104,213 (ger.°itvā).‹-› pp.<i>āsitta</i> (q.v.).Cp.vy°.(Page 115),8,1
  2486. 76787,en,15,asisana,āsīsanā,Āsīsanā,Āsīsanā,see <i>āsiṃsanā</i>.(Page 116),7,1
  2487. 76850,en,15,asita,asita,Asita,Asita,<sup>4</sup> (m.nt.) [fr.asi] a sickle J.III,129; V 46.(Page 89),5,1
  2488. 76851,en,15,asita,asita,Asita,Asita,<sup>3</sup> (adj.) [Sk.asita; Idg.<i>*ās</i>,cp.Lat.āreo to be dry,i.e.burnt up; Gr.a]/zw to dry; orig.meaning burnt,hence of burnt,i.e.black colour (of ashes)] black-blue,black M.II,180 (°vyābhaṅgī); A.III,5 (id.); Th.2,480 (= indanīla ThA.286); J.III,419 (°âpaṅgin black-eyed); v.302; Dāvs.I,45.(Page 89),5,1
  2489. 76852,en,15,asita,asita,Asita,Asita,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [a + sita pp.of *śri,Sk.aśrita] not clinging to,unattached,independent,free (from wrong desires) D.II,261 (°âtiga); M.I,386; Th.1,38,1242 (see Mrs Rh.D.in Brethren 404 note 2); J.II,247; It.97; Sn.251,519,593,686 (Asitavhaya,called the Asita i.e.the Unattached; cp.SnA 487),698 (id.),717,957,1065 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 111 &#38; nissaya).(Page 88),5,1
  2490. 76853,en,15,asita,asita,Asita,Asita,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.aśita,pp.of *asati,Sk.aśnāti] having eaten,eating; (nt.) that which is eaten or enjoyed,food M.I,57; A.III,30,32 (°pīta-khāyita etc.); PvA.25 (id.); J.VI,555 °(āsana having enjoyed one’s food,satisfied).Cp.āsita<sup>1</sup>.(Page 88),5,1
  2491. 76957,en,15,asiti,asīti,Asīti,Asīti,(num.) [Sk.aśīti] 80 (on symbolical meaning &#38; freq.application see <i>aṭṭha<sup>1</sup></i> B 1 c,where also most of the ref’s.In addition we mention the foll.:) J.I,233 (°hattha 80 hands,i.e.80 cubits deep); III,174 (°sahassa-vāraṇa-parivuta); VI,20 (vassasahassāni); Miln.23 (asītiyā bhikkhusahassehi saddhiṃ); Vism.46 (satakoṭiyo) DhA.I,14,19 (mahātherā); II,25 (°koṭi-vibhava).Cp.ạsītika.(Page 89),5,1
  2492. 77013,en,15,asitika,āsītika,Āsītika,Āsītika,(m.) [etym.? Cp.BSk.āsītakī Lal.V.319] a certain plant M I 80 = 245 (°pabba).(Page 116),7,1
  2493. 77014,en,15,asitika,āsītika,Āsītika,Āsītika,(adj.) [fr.asīta] 80 years old M.II,124; J.III,395; SnA 172.(Page 116),7,1
  2494. 77144,en,15,asitta,āsitta,Āsitta,Āsitta,[pp.of āsiñcati,Sk.āsikta] sprinkled,poured out,anointed J.V,87; Pug.31; Miln.286; DhsA.307; DhA.I,10; VvA.69.(Page 116),6,1
  2495. 77153,en,15,asittaka,āsittaka,Āsittaka,Āsittaka,(adj.) [āsitta + ka] mixed,mingled,adulterated Vin.II,123 (°ûpadhāna “decorated divan"?); ThA.61,168 (an° for asecanaka,q.v.).(Page 116),8,1
  2496. 77187,en,15,asittha,āsiṭṭha,Āsiṭṭha,Āsiṭṭha,[pp.of āsāsati,Sk.āśiṣṭa] wished or longed for PvA.104.(Page 115),7,1
  2497. 77225,en,15,asivisa,āsīvisa,Āsīvisa,Āsīvisa,Derivation uncertain.The BSk.āsīviṣa (e.g.Jtm 31<sup>61</sup>) is a Sanskritisation of the Pali.To suppose this to come from ahi + visa (snake’s poison) would give a wrong meaning,and leave unexplained the change from ahi to āsi] a snake Vin.IV,108; S.IV,172; A.II,110; III,69; J.I,245; II,274; IV,30,496; V,82,267; Pug.48; Vism.470 (in comp.); DhA.I,139; II,8,38; SnA 334,458,465; VvA.308.(Page 116),7,1
  2498. 77256,en,15,asiyati,āsīyati,Āsīyati,Āsīyati,[etym.doubtful; Trenckner Miln.p.422 = ā + <em>śyā</em> to freeze or dry up,but taken by him in meaning to thaw,to warm oneself; Müller,P.Gr.40 same with meaning “cool oneself"; Morris’J.P.T.S.1884,72 as ā + <em>śrā</em> or <i>śrī</i> to become ripe,come to perfection,evidently at fault because of <em>śrā</em> etc.not found in Sk.More likely as a Pass.formation to be referred to ā + <em>śī</em> as in āsaya,i.e.to abide etc.] to have one’s home,one’s abode or support in (Loc.),to live in,thrive by means of,to depend on Miln.75 (kaddame jāyati udake āsīyati i.e.the lotus is born in the mud and is supported or thrives by means of the water).(Page 116),7,1
  2499. 77293,en,15,asman,asman,Asman,Asman,(nt.) [Vedic aśman; the usual P.forms are amha and asama<sup>2</sup>] stone,rock; only in Instr.<i>asmanā</i> SnA 362.(Page 89),5,1
  2500. 77301,en,15,asmasati,asmasati,Asmasati,Asmasati,[spurious form for the usual assasati = Sk.āśvasati] to trust,to rely on J.V,56 (Pot.asmase).(Page 89),8,1
  2501. 77318,en,15,asmi,asmi,Asmi,Asmi,(I am) see <i>atthi</i>.(Page 89),4,1
  2502. 77334,en,15,asmimana,asmimāna,Asmimāna,Asmimāna,[asmi + māna] the pride that says “I am",pride of self,egotism (same in B.Sk.e.g.Divy 210,314) Vin.I,3; D.III,273; M.I,139,425; A.III,85; Ps.I,26; Kvu 212; DhA.I,237.Cp.ahaṃ asmi.(Page 89),8,1
  2503. 77343,en,15,asmiye,asmiye,Asmiye,Asmiye,1 sg.ind.pres.med.of <em>aś</em> to eat,in sense of a fut.“I shall eat" J.V,397,405 (C.bhuñjissāmi).The form is to be expl<sup>d.</sup> as denom.form<sup>n.</sup> fr.--āśa food,= aṃsiyati and with metathesis <i>asmiyati</i>.See also <i>añhati</i> which would correspond either to *aṃśyati or aśnāti (see <i>asati</i>).(Page 90),6,1
  2504. 77350,en,15,asnati,asnāti,Asnāti,Asnāti,[Sk.aśnāti to eat,to take food; the regular Pāli forms are asati (as base) and asanāti] to eat; imper.asnātu J.V,376.(Page 89),6,1
  2505. 77415,en,15,asoka,asoka,Asoka,Asoka,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.aśoka] the Asoka tree,Jonesia Asoka J.V,188; Vv 35<sup>4</sup>,35<sup>9</sup> (°rukkha); Vism.625 (°aṅkura); VvA.173 (°rukkha).(Page 89),5,1
  2506. 77416,en,15,asoka,asoka,Asoka,Asoka,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [a + soka,cp.Sk.aśoka] free from sorrow Sn.268 (= nissoka abbūḷha-soka-salla KhA 153); Dh.412; Th.2,512.(Page 89),5,1
  2507. 77483,en,15,asonda,asoṇḍa,Asoṇḍa,Asoṇḍa,(adj.) [a + soṇḍa] not being a drunkard,abstaining from drink J.V,116.-- f.<i>asoṇḍī</i> A.III,38.(Page 89),6,1
  2508. 77505,en,15,asotata,asotatā,Asotatā,Asotatā,(nt.) [abstr.a + sota + ta,having no ears,being earless J.VI,16.(Page 89),7,1
  2509. 77542,en,15,assa,assa,Assa,Assa,<sup>5</sup> 3.sg.Pot.of asmi (see <i>atthi</i>).(Page 90),4,1
  2510. 77543,en,15,assa,assa,Assa,Assa,<sup>4</sup> is Gen.Dat.sg.of <i>ayaṃ</i>,this.(Page 90),4,1
  2511. 77544,en,15,assa,assa,Assa,Assa,<sup>3</sup> [Vedic aśva,cp.Av.aspō; Gr.i(/ppos,dial.i(/kkos; Lat.equus; Oir.ech; Gall.epo-; Cymr.ep,Goth.aíhva; Os.ehu; Ags.eoh) a horse; often mentioned alongside of and comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>hatthi</i> (elephant) Vin.III,6 (pañcamattehi assa-satehi),52 (enum<sup>d.</sup> under catuppadā,quadrupeds,with hatthi oṭṭha goṇa gadrabha &#38; pasuka); A.II,207; V,271; Sn.769 (gavâssa).At Th.II,229 the commentary explains <i>caturassa</i> as “four in hand" ; but the context shows that the more usual sense of caturassa (see <i>assa<sup>2</sup></i>) was probably what the poet meant; Dh.94,143,144 (bhadra,a good horse),380 (id.); Vv 20<sup>3</sup> (+ assatarī); VvA.78; DhA.I,392 (hatthi-assâdayo); Sdhp.367 (duṭṭh°).<br><br> <i>--ājāniya</i> [cp.BSk.aśvājāneya Divy 509,511] a thoroughbred horse,a blood horse A.I,77,244; II,113 sq.,250 sq.; III,248,282 sq.; IV,188,397; V,166,323; PvA.216.See also <i>ājāniya</i>.<i> --âroha</i> one who climbs on a horse,a rider on horseback,N.of an occupation “cavalry" D.I,51 (+ hatthâroha; expl<sup>d.</sup> at DA.I,156 by sabbe pi assācariyaassavejja-assabhaṇḍādayo).<i>--kaṇṇa</i> N.of a tree,Vatica Robusta,lit.“horse-ear" (cp.similarly Goth.aíhva-tundi the thornbush,lit.horse-tooth) J.II,161; IV,209; VI,528.<i>--khaluṅka</i> an inferior horse (“shaker"),opp.sadassa.A.I,287 = IV.397.<i>--tthara</i> a horse cover,a horse blanket Vin.I,192; D.I,7 <i>--damma</i> a horse to be tamed,a fierce horse,a stallion A.II,112; °sārathi a horse trainer A.II,112,114; V,323 sq.; DhA.IV,4.<i>--potaka</i> the young of a horse,a foal or colt J.II,288.<i>--bandha</i> a groom J.II,98; V,449; DhA.I,392.<i>--bhaṇḍa</i> (for °bandha? or should we read °paṇḍaka?) a groom or horse-trainer,a trader in horses Vin.I,85 (see on form of word Kern,Toev.p.35).<i>--bhaṇḍaka</i> horse-trappings J.II,113.<i>--maṇḍala</i> circus Vism.308,cp.M.I,446.<i>--maṇḍalika</i> exercising-ground Vin.III,6.<i>--medha</i> N.of a sacrifice:the horse-sacrifice [Vedic aśvamedha as Np.] S.I,76 (v.l.sassa°); It.21 (+ purisamedha); Sn.303.<i>--yuddha</i> a horse-fight D.I,7.<i>--rūpaka</i> a figure of a horse,a toy horse DhA.II,69 (+ hatthi-rūpaka).<i>--lakkhaṇa</i> (earning fees by judging) the marks on a horse D.I,9.<i>--laṇḍa</i> horse-manure,horsedung DhA.IV,156 (hatthi-laṇḍa +).<i>--vāṇija</i> a horsedealer Vin.III,6.<i>--sadassa</i> a noble steed of the horse kind A.I,289 = IV.397 (in comparison with purisa°).(Page 90),4,1
  2512. 77545,en,15,assa,assa,Assa,Assa,<sup>2</sup> [for aṃsa<sup>2</sup> = Sk.aśra point,corner,cp.Sk.aśri,Gr.a)/kros &#38; o)cuζ sharp,Lat.acer] corner,point; occurs only in cpd.<i>caturassa</i> four-cornered,quadrangular,regular (of symmetrical form,Vin.II,316; J.IV,46,492; Pv.II,1<sup>19</sup>.Perhaps also at Th.2,229 (see under assa<sup>3</sup>).Occurs also in form <i>caturaṃsa</i> under catur).(Page 90),4,1
  2513. 77546,en,15,assa,assa,Assa,Assa,<sup>1</sup> [for aṃsa<sup>1</sup>,q.v.for etym.] shoulder; in cpd.<i>assapuṭa</i> shoulder-bag,knapsack i.e.a bag containing provisions,Instr.<i>assupuṭena</i> with provisions.Later exegesis has interpreted this as a bag full of ashes,and vv.ll.as well as Commentators take assa = bhasma ashes (thus also Morris J P T S.1893,10 without being able to give an etymology).The word was already misunderstood by Bdhgh.when he explained the Dīgha passage by bhasmapuṭena,sīse chārikaṃ okiritvā ti attho DA.I,267.After all it is the same as <i>puṭaṃsa</i> (see under <i>aṃsa<sup>1</sup></i>).-- D.I,98,cp.A.II,242 (v.l.bhasma°); DA.I,267 (v.l.bhassa°).(Page 90),4,1
  2514. 77604,en,15,assada,assāda,Assāda,Assāda,[ā + sādiyati,<em>svad</em>] taste,sweetness,enjoyment,satisfaction D.I,22 (vedanānaṃ samudaya atthaṅgama assāda etc.); M.I,85; S.II,84 sq.(°ânupassin),170 sq.; III,27 sq.(ko rūpassa assādo),62,102; IV,8 sq.,220; V,193,203 sq.; A.I,50 (°ânupassin),258,260; II,10; III,447 (°diṭṭhi) J.I,508; IV,113,Sn.448; Ps.I,139 sq.,(°diṭṭhi),157; cp.I.10<sup>17</sup>; Pv IV.6<sup>2</sup> (kām°); Vbh.368 (°diṭṭhi); Nett 27 sq.; Miln.388; Vism.76 (paviveka-ras’); Sdhp.37,51.See also <i>appassāda</i> under <i>appa</i>.(Page 91),6,1
  2515. 77655,en,15,assadana,assādanā,Assādanā,Assādanā,(f.) [cp.assāda] sweetness,taste,enjoyment S.I,124; Sn.447 (= sādubhāva SnA 393).(Page 91),8,1
  2516. 77729,en,15,assaddha,assaddha,Assaddha,Assaddha,(adj.) [a + saddhā] without faith,unbelieving,Sn.663; Pug.13,20; Dhs.1327; DhA.II,187.(Page 90),8,1
  2517. 77748,en,15,assaddhiya,assaddhiya,Assaddhiya,Assaddhiya,(nt.) [a + saddhiya,in form,but not in meaning a grd.of saddahati,for which usually saddheyya; cp.Sk.aśradheyya incredible] disbelief S.I,25; A.III,421; V,113 sq.,146,148 sq.,158,161; Vbh.371; DA.I,235; Sdhp.80.(Page 90),10,1
  2518. 77785,en,15,assadeti,assādeti,Assādeti,Assādeti,[denom.fr.assāda] to taste S.II,227 (lābha-sakkārasilokaṃ); Vism.73 (paviveka-sukha-rasaṃ); DhA.I,318.(Page 91),8,1
  2519. 77879,en,15,assaka,assaka,Assaka,Assaka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [a + saka; Sk.asvaka] not having one’s own,poor,destitute M.I,450; II,68; A.III,352; Ps.I,126 (v.l.asaka).(Page 90),6,1
  2520. 77880,en,15,assaka,assaka,Assaka,Assaka,<sup>1</sup> (-°) [assa<sup>3</sup> + ka] with a horse,having a horse; an’without a horse J.VI,515 (+ arathaka).(Page 90),6,1
  2521. 77946,en,15,assama,assama,Assama,Assama,[ā + <em>śram</em>] a hermitage (of a brahmin ascetic esp.a jaṭila) Vin.I,24 = IV.108; I,26,246; III,147; Sn.979; Sn.p.104,111; J.I,315 (°pada) V.75 (id.) 321.VI,76 (°pada).The word is not found anywhere in the Canon in the technical sense of the later Sanskrit law books,where “the 4 āśramas" is used as a t.t.for the four stages in the life of a brahmin priest (not of a brahmin by birth).See Dial.I.211--217.(Page 90),6,1
  2522. 77968,en,15,assamana,assamaṇa,Assamaṇa,Assamaṇa,[a + samaṇa] not a true Samaṇa Vin.I,96; Sn.282; Pug.27 (so read for asamaṇa); Pug.A 207.-- f.<i>assamaṇī</i> Vìn IV.214.(Page 90),8,1
  2523. 78115,en,15,assaraddha,assāraddha,Assāraddha,Assāraddha,v.l.at It.111 for <i>asāraddha</i>.(Page 91),10,1
  2524. 78174,en,15,assasa,assāsa,Assāsa,Assāsa,[Sk.āśvāsa,ā + <em>śvas</em>] 1.(lit.) breathing,esp.breathing out (so Vism.272),exhalation,opp.to <i>passāsa</i> inhalation,with which often comb<sup>d.</sup> or contrasted; thus as cpd.<i>assāsa-passāsa</i> meaning breathing (in &#38; out),sign of life,process of breathing,breath D.II,157 = S.I,159 = Th.1,905; D.III,266; M.I,243; S.I,106; IV,293; V,330,336; A.IV,409; V,135; J.II,146; VI,82; Miln.31,85; Vism.116,197.-- <i>assāsa</i> in contrast with passāsa at Ps.I,95,164 sq.,182 sq.-- 2.(fig.) breathing easily,freely or quietly,relief,comfort,consolation,confidence M.I,64; S.II,50 (dhamma-vinaye); IV,254 (param-assāsa-ppatta); A.I,192; III,297 sq.(dhamma-vinaye); IV,185; J.VI,309 (see assattha<sup>2</sup>); Miln.354; PvA.104 (°matta only a little breathing space); Sdhp.299 (param°),313.(Page 91),6,1
  2525. 78200,en,15,assasaka,assāsaka,Assāsaka,Assāsaka,(adj.n.) [fr.assāsa] 1.(cp.assāsa 1) having breath,breathing,in <i>an°</i> not able to draw breath Vin.III,84; IV,111.-- 2.(cp.assāsa<sup>2</sup>) (m. &#38; nt.) that which gives comfort &#38; relief,confidence,expectancy J.I,84; VI,150.Cp.next.(Page 91),8,1
  2526. 78328,en,15,assasati,assasati,Assasati,Assasati,[ā + <em>śvas</em>,on semantical inversion of ā &#38; pa see under ā<sup>1</sup> 3] 1.to breathe,to breathe out,to exhale,J I 163; VI,305 (gloss assāsento passāsento susu ti saddaṃ karonto); Vism.272.Usually in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>passasati</i> to inhale,i.e.to breathe in &#38; out,D.II,291 = M.I,56,cp.M.I,425; J.II,53,cp.V.36.-- 2.to breathe freely or quietly,to feel relieved,to be comforted,to have courage S.IV,43; J.IV,93 assasitvāna ger.= vissamitvā c.); VI,190 (assāsa imper.,with mā soci); med.assase J.IV,57 (C.for asmase T.; expl<sup>d.</sup> by vissase),111 (°itvā).-- 3.to enter by the breath,to bewitch,enchant,take possession J.IV,495 (= assāsa-vātena upahanati āvisati C.).-- Caus.<i>assāseti</i>.-- pp.<i>assattha<sup>2</sup></i>.See also assāsa-passāsa.(Page 90),8,1
  2527. 78362,en,15,assaseti,assāseti,Assāseti,Assāseti,[Caus.of assasati] to console,soothe,calm,comfort,satisfy J.VI,190,512; DhA.I,13.(Page 91),8,1
  2528. 78378,en,15,assasika,assāsika,Assāsika,Assāsika,(adj.) [fr.assāsa in meaning of assāsa 2,cp.assāsaka 2] only in neg.<i>an°</i> not able to afford comfort,giving no comfort or security M.I,514; III,30; J.II,298 (= aññaṃ assāsetuṃ asamatthaṭāya na assāsika).Cp.BSk.anāśvāsika in ster.phrase anitya adhruva anāśvāsika vipariṇāmadharman Divy 207; Av.Ś.139,144; whereas the corresp.Pāli equivalent runs anicca addhuva asassata (= appāyuka) vipariṇāma-dhamma thus inviting the conjecture that BSk.āśvāsika is somehow distorted out of P.<i>asassata</i>.(Page 91),8,1
  2529. 78382,en,15,assasin,assāsin,Assāsin,Assāsin,(adj.) [Sk.āśvāsin] reviving,cheering up,consoled,happy S.IV,43 (an°).(Page 91),7,1
  2530. 78409,en,15,assatara,assatara,Assatara,Assatara,[Vedic aśvatara,aśva + compar.suffix tara in function of “a kind of",thus lit.a kind of horse,cp.Lat.matertera a kind of mother.i.e.aunt] a mule Dh.322 = DhA.I,213; DhA.IV,4 (= vaḷavāya gadrabhena jāta); J.IV,464 (kambojake assatare sudante; imported from Cambodia); VI,342.-- f.<i>assatarī</i> a she-mule Vin.II,188; S.I,154; II,241; A.II,73; Miln.166.-- <i>assatarī-ratha</i> a chariot drawn by she-mules Vv 20<sup>3</sup>,20<sup>8</sup> (T.assatarī ratā) = 43<sup>8</sup>; Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup> (= assatariyutta ratha PvA.56); J.VI,355.(Page 90),8,1
  2531. 78441,en,15,assattha,assattha,Assattha,Assattha,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of assasati; cp.BSk.āsvasta Av.Ś I.210] encouraged,comforted A.IV,184 (v.l.as gloss assāsaka); Ps.I,131 (loka an°; v.l.assaka); J.I,16 (V.79 cp.assattha<sup>1</sup>); VI,309 (= laddhassasa C.),566.(Page 90),8,1
  2532. 78442,en,15,assattha,assattha,Assattha,Assattha,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic aśvattha,expl<sup>d.</sup> in K Z I.467 as aśva-ttha dial.for aśva-<em>stha</em> “standing place for horses,which etym.is problematic; it is likely that the Sk.word is borrowed from a local dialect.] the holy fig-tree,Ficus,Religiosa; the tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment,i.e.the Bo tree Vin.IV,35; D.II,4 (sammā-sambuddho assatthassa mūle abhisambuddho); S.V,96; J.I,16 (V.75,in word-play with assattha<sup>2</sup> of V.79).(Page 90),8,1
  2533. 78481,en,15,assava,assava,Assava,Assava,(adj.) [ā + sunāti,<em>śru</em>] loyal D.I,137; Sn.22,23,32; J.IV,98; VI,49; Miln.254; <i>an°</i> inattentive,not docile DhA.I,7.(Page 90),6,1
  2534. 78522,en,15,assavanata,assavanatā,Assavanatā,Assavanatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.assavana] not listening to,inattention M.I,168.(Page 90),10,1
  2535. 78537,en,15,assavaniya,assavanīya,Assavanīya,Assavanīya,(adj.) [a + savanīya] not pleasant to hear Sdhp.82.(Page 90),10,1
  2536. 78554,en,15,assavati,assavati,Assavati,Assavati,[ā + <em>sru</em>] to flow J.II,276 (= paggharati C.).Cp.also āsavati.(Page 90),8,1
  2537. 78568,en,15,assavin,assāvin,Assāvin,Assāvin,(adj.) [ā + <em>sru</em>] only in <i>an°</i> not enjoying or finding pleasure,not intoxicated Sn.853 (sātiyesu a.= sāta-vatthusa kāmaguṇesu taṇhā-santhava-virahita SnA 549).See also <i>āsava</i>.(Page 91),7,1
  2538. 78575,en,15,assaya,assaya,Assaya,Assaya,[ā + sayati,<em>śri</em>] resting place,shelter,refuge,seat DA.I,67 (puññ°).Cp.BSk.rājāśraya Jtm 31<sup>56</sup>; aśraya also in meaning “body":see Av.Ś.I.175 &#38; Index II.223.(Page 90),6,1
  2539. 78608,en,15,assiri,assirī,Assirī,Assirī,(adj.) [a + sirī] without splendour,having lost its brightness,in <i>assirī viya khāyati</i> Nett 62 = Ud.79 (which latter has sassar’iva,cp.C.on passage l.c.).(Page 91),6,1
  2540. 78622,en,15,assita,assita,Assita,Assita,(adj.) [Sk.aśrita,ā + pp.of <em>śri</em>] dependent on,relying,supported by (Acc.); abiding,living in or on D.II,255 (tad°); Vv 50<sup>16</sup> (sīho va guhaṃ a.); Th.1,149 (janaṃ ev’assito jano); Sdhp.401.(Page 91),6,1
  2541. 78651,en,15,assu,assu,Assu,Assu,<sup>4</sup> part.for Sk.svid (and sma?) see under <i>su<sup>2</sup></i>.According to this view Fausbölls reading ken’assu at Sn.1032 is to be emended to kena ssu.(Page 91),4,1
  2542. 78652,en,15,assu,assu,Assu,Assu,<sup>3</sup> (indecl.) [Sk.sma] expletive part.also used in emphatic sense of “surely,yes,indeed" Sn.231 (according to Fausböll,but preferably with P.T.S.ed.as tayas su for tay’assu,cp.KhA 188); Vv 32<sup>4</sup> (assa v.l.SS) = VvA.135 (assū ti nipāta-mattaṃ).Perhaps we ought to take this assu<sup>3</sup> together with the foll.assu<sup>4</sup> as a modification of ssu (see <i>su<sup>2</sup></i>).Cp.āsu.(Page 91),4,1
  2543. 78653,en,15,assu,assu,Assu,Assu,<sup>2</sup> is 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.pot.of <i>atthi</i>.(Page 91),4,1
  2544. 78654,en,15,assu,assu,Assu,Assu,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic aśru,Av.asrū,Lith aszarà,with etym.not definitely clear:see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under lacrima] a tear Vin.I,87 (assūni pavatteti to shed tears); S.II,282 (id.); Dh.74; Th.2,496 (cp.ThA.289); KhA 65; DhA.I,12 (°puṇṇa-netta with eyes full of tears); II,98; PvA.125.<br><br> <i>--dhārā</i> a shower of tears DhA.IV,15 (pavatteti to shed).<i>--mukha</i> (adj.) with tearful face [cp.BSk.aśrumukha e.g.Jtm 31<sup>16</sup>] D.I,115,141; Dh.67; Pug.56; DA.I,284; PvA.39.<i>--mocana</i> shedding of tears PvA.18.(Page 91),4,1
  2545. 78691,en,15,assuka,assuka,Assuka,Assuka,(nt.) [assu<sup>1</sup> + ka] a tear Vin.II,289; Sn.691; Pv IV.5<sup>3</sup>.(Page 91),6,1
  2546. 78765,en,15,assutavant,assutavant,Assutavant,Assutavant,(adj.) [a + sutavant] one who has not heard,ignorant M.I,1,8,135; Dhs.1003,1217,cp.Dhs.trsl.258.(Page 91),10,1
  2547. 78796,en,15,asu,asu,Asu,Asu,(pron.) [Sk.asau (m.),adas (nt.); base amu° in oblique cases &#38; derivation,e.g.adv.amutra (q.v.)] pron.dẹmonstr.“that",that one,usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with yo (yaṃ),e.g.asu yo so puriso M.I,366; yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ S.IV,315.‹-› Nom.sg.m.<i>asu</i> S.IV,195; Miln.242; f.<i>asu</i> J.V,396 (asū metri causâ); nt.<i>aduṃ</i> M.I,364,483; A.I,250.Of oblique cases e.g.<i>amunā</i> (Instr.) A.I,250.Cp.also next.(Page 89),3,1
  2548. 78810,en,15,asu,āsu,Āsu,Āsu,expletive particle = <i>assu<sup>3</sup></i> J.V,241 (v.l.assu; nipātamattaṃ C.p.243).(Page 116),3,1
  2549. 78824,en,15,asubha,asubha,Asubha,Asubha,(adj.) [a + subha] impure,unpleasant,bad,ugly,nasty; nt.°ṃ nastiness,impurity.Cp.on term and the Asubha-meditation,as well as on the 10 asubhas or offensive objects Dhs.trsl.70 and Cpd.121 n.6.-- S.IV,111 (asubhato manasikaroti); V,320; Sn.341; Sdhp.368.<i>--subhâsubha</i> pleasant unpleasant,good &#38; bad Sn.633; J.III,243; Miln.136.<br><br> <i>--ânupassin</i> realising or intuiting the corruptness (of the body) It.80,81; DhA.I,76.<i>--kathā</i> talk about impurity Vin.III,68.<i>--kammaṭṭhāna</i> reflection on impurity DhA.III,425.<i>--nimitta</i> sign of the unclean i.e.idea of impurity Vism.77.<i>--bhāvanā</i> contemplation of the impurity (of the body) Vin.III,68.<i>--saññā</i> idea of impurity D.III,253,283,289,291.<i>--saññin</i> having an idea of or realising the impurity (of the body) It.93.(Page 89),6,1
  2550. 78968,en,15,asuci,asuci,Asuci,Asuci,(adj.) [a + suci] not clean,impure,unclean Sn.75 (°manussā,see Nd<sup>2</sup> 112); Pug.27,36; Sdhp.378,603.(Page 89),5,1
  2551. 79015,en,15,asucika,asucīka,Asucīka,Asucīka,(nt.) [abstr.fr.asuci] impurity,unclean living,defilement Sn.243 (°missita = asucibhāva-missita SnA 286.(Page 89),7,1
  2552. 79185,en,15,asuka,asuka,Asuka,Asuka,(pron.-adj.) [asn + ka] such a one,this or that,a certain Vin.III,87; J.I,148; PvA.29,30,35,109,122 (°ṃ gatiṃ gata).(Page 89),5,1
  2553. 79242,en,15,asum,āsuṃ,Āsuṃ,Āsuṃ,3<sup>rd</sup> pl.aor.of <i>atthi</i>.(Page 116),4,1
  2554. 79255,en,15,asumbhati,āsumbhati,Āsumbhati,Āsumbhati,( &#38; Āsumhati) [ā + <em>śumbh</em> to glide] to bring to fall,throw down or round,sling round Vin.IV,263,265; Vv 50<sup>11</sup> (°itvāna); J.III,435 (aor.āsumhi,gloss khipi).(Page 116),9,1
  2555. 79333,en,15,asura,asura,Asura,Asura,[Vedic asura in more comprehensive meaning; connected with Av.ahurō Lord,ahurō mazdā°; perhaps to Av.anhuš &#38; Lat.erus master] a fallen angel,a Titan; pl.<i>asurā</i> the Titans,a class of mythological beings.Dhpāla at PvA.272 &#38; the C.on J.V,186 define them as kāḷakañjaka-bhedā asurā.The are classed with other similar inferior deities,e.g.with garuḷā,nāgā,yakkhā at Miln.117; with supaṇṇā,gandhabbā,yakkhā at DA.I,51.‹-› The fight between Gods &#38; Titans is also reflected in the oldest books of the Pāli Canon and occurs in identical description at the foll.passages under <i>the title of devâsura-saṅgāma:</i> D.II,285; S.I,222 (cp.216 sq.),IV.201 sq.,V.447; M.I,253; A.IV,432.-- Rebirth as an Asura is considered as one of the <i>four unhappy rebirths</i> or evil fates after death (apāyā; viz.niraya,tiracchāna-yoni,petā or pettivisaya,asurā),e.g.at It.93; J.V,186; Pv IV.11<sup>1</sup>,see also apāya.-- Other passages in general:S.I,216 sq.(fight of Devas &#38; Asuras); IV,203; A.II,91; IV,198 sq.,206; Sn.681; Nd<sup>1</sup> 89,92,448; DhA.I,264 (°kaññā); Sdhp.366,436.<br><br> <i>--inda</i> Chief or king of the Titans.Several Asuras are accredited with the rôle of leaders,most commonly Vepacitti (S.I,222; IV,201 sq.) and Rāhu (A.II,17,53; III,243).Besides these we find Pahārāda (gloss Mahābhadda) at A.IV,197.<i>--kāya</i> the body or assembly of the asuras A.I,143; J.V,186; ThA.285.<i>--parivāra</i> a retinue of Asuras A.II,91.<i>--rakkhasā</i> Asuras and Rakkhasas (Rakṣasas) Sn.310 (defined by Bdhgh at SnA 323 as pabbata-pāda-nivāsino dānava-yakkha-saññitā).(Page 89),5,1
  2556. 79346,en,15,asura,asūra,Asūra,Asūra,(adj.) [a + sura<sup>1</sup>] -- 1.not brave,not valiant,cowardly Sn.439.-- 2.uncouth,stupid J.VI,292 (cp.Kern.Toev.p.48).(Page 89),5,1
  2557. 79466,en,15,asuropa,asuropa,Asuropa,Asuropa,[probably a haplological contraction of asura-ropa.On various suggestions as to etym. &#38; meaning see Morris’s discussion at J P T S.1893,8 sq.The word is found as āsulopa in the Asoka inscriptions] anger,malice,hatred; abruptness,want of forbearance Pug.18 = Vbh.357; Dhs.418,1060,1115,1341 (an°); DhsA.396.(Page 89),7,1
  2558. 79484,en,15,asussusam,asussūsaṃ,Asussūsaṃ,Asussūsaṃ,[ppr.of a + susūsati,Desid.of <em>śru</em>,cp.Sk.śuśrūṣati] not wishing to hear or listen,disobedient J.V,121.(Page 89),9,1
  2559. 79532,en,15,asuyaka,asūyaka,Asūyaka,Asūyaka,see <i>anasūyaka</i>.(Page 89),7,1
  2560. 79544,en,15,ata,āṭa,Āṭa,Āṭa,[etym.? Cp.Sk.āṭi Turdus Ginginianus,see Aufrecht,Halāyudha p.148] a kind of bird J.VI,539 (= dabbimukha C.).(Page 97),3,1
  2561. 79555,en,15,ataccha,ataccha,Ataccha,Ataccha,(nt.) [a + taccha<sup>2</sup>] falsehood,untruth D.I,3; J.VI,207.(Page 17),7,1
  2562. 79576,en,15,atakkaka,atakkaka,Atakkaka,Atakkaka,(adj.) [a + takka<sup>2</sup>] not mixed with buttermilk J YI.21.(Page 17),8,1
  2563. 79590,en,15,atala,aṭala,Aṭala,Aṭala,(adj.) [cp.Sk.aṭṭa &#38; aṭṭālaka stronghold] solid,firm,strong,only in phrase <i>aṭaliyo upāhanā</i> strong sandals M.II,155 (vv.ll.paṭaliye &#38; agaliyo) = S.I,226 (vv.ll.āṭaliyo &#38; āṭaliko).At the latter passage Bdhgh.expl<sup>s.</sup> gaṇaṅgaṇ-ûpāhanā,Mrs.Rh.D.(Kindred Sayings I.291) trsls.“buskined shoes".(Page 15),5,1
  2564. 79630,en,15,atanaka,aṭaṇaka,Aṭaṇaka,Aṭaṇaka,(adj.) [cp.Sk.aṭana,to <em>aṭ</em>] roaming about,wild J.V,105 (°gāvī).(Page 14),7,1
  2565. 79671,en,15,atani,aṭanī,Aṭanī,Aṭanī,(f.) a support a stand inserted under the leg of a bedstead Vin.IV,168; Sām.Pās.on Pāc.14 (quoted Min.Pāt.86 and Vin.IV,357); DhA.I,234; J.II,387,425,484 supports of a seat.Morris J.P.T.S.1884,69 compares Marāthi aḍaṇī a three-legged stand.See also Vin Texts II,53.(Page 14),5,1
  2566. 79680,en,15,atanka,ātaṅka,Ātaṅka,Ātaṅka,[etym.uncertain; Sk.ātaṅka] illness,sickness,disease M.I,437; S.III,1; Sn.966 (°phassa,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 486).Freq.in cpd.appātaṅka freedom from illness,health (cp.appābādha) D.I,204; III,166; A.III,65,103; Miln.14.-- f.abstr.appātaṅkatā M.I,124.(Page 97),6,1
  2567. 79689,en,15,atankin,ātaṅkin,Ātaṅkin,Ātaṅkin,(adj.) [fr.ātaṅka] sick,ill J.V,84 (= gilāna C.).(Page 97),7,1
  2568. 79700,en,15,atapa,ātapa,Ātapa,Ātapa,[ā + tapa] -- 1.sun-heat Sn.52; J.I,336; Dhs.617; Dpvs.I,57; VvA.54; PvA.58.-- 2.glow,heat (in general) Pv.I,7<sup>4</sup>; Sdhp.396.-- 3.(fig.) (cp.tapa<sup>2</sup>) ardour,zeal,exertion PvA.98 (viriyā-tapa; perhaps better to be read °ātāpa q.v.).Cp.ātappa.<br><br> --vāraṇa “warding off the sun-heat",i.e.a parasol,sun-shade Dāvs.I,28; V,35.(Page 97),5,1
  2569. 79710,en,15,atapa,ātāpa,Ātāpa,Ātāpa,[ā + tāpa fr.<em>tap</em>; cp.tāpeti] glow,heat; fig.ardour,keen endeavour,or perhaps better “torturing,mortifica‹-› tion" Miln.313 (cittassa ātāpo paritāpo); PvA.98 (viriya°).Cp.<i>ātappa </i>&<i> ātāpana</i>.(Page 97),5,1
  2570. 79725,en,15,atapana,ātāpana,Ātāpana,Ātāpana,(nt.) [ā + tāpana] tormenting,torture,mortification M.I,78; A.I,296 (°paritāpana); II,207 (id.); Pug.55 (id.); Vism.3 (id.).(Page 98),7,1
  2571. 79760,en,15,atapata,ātapatā,Ātapatā,Ātapatā,(f.) [abstr.of ātapa] glowing or burning state,heat Sdhp.122.(Page 97),7,1
  2572. 79770,en,15,atapati,ātapati,Ātapati,Ātapati,[ā +<em> tap</em>] to burn J.III,447.(Page 97),7,1
  2573. 79802,en,15,atapeti,ātāpeti,Ātāpeti,Ātāpeti,[ā + tāpeti] to burn,scorch; fig.to torment,inflict pain,torture M.I,341 (+ paritāpeti); S.IV,337; Miln.314,315.(Page 98),7,1
  2574. 79826,en,15,atapin,ātāpin,Ātāpin,Ātāpin,(adj.) [fr.ātāpa,cp.BSk.ātāpin Av.Ś I.233; II,194 = Divy 37; 618] ardent,zealous,strenuous,active D.III,58,76 sq.,141 (+ sampajāna),221,276; M.I,22,56,116,207,349; II,11; III,89,128,156; S 113,117 sq.,140,165; II,21,136 sq.; III,73 sq.; IV,37,48,54,218; V,165,187,213; A.II,13 sq.; III 38,100 sq.; IV,29,177 sq.,266 sq.,300,457 sq.; V,343 sq.; Sn.926; Nd<sup>1</sup> 378; It.41,42; Vbh.193 sq.; Miln.34,366; Vism.3 (= viriyavā); DhA.I,120; SnA 157,503.-- Freq.in the formula of Arahantship “eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto":see arahant II.B.See also satipaṭṭhāna.‹-› Opp.<i>anātāpin</i> S.II,195 sq.; A.II,13; It.27 (+ anottappin).(Page 98),6,1
  2575. 79849,en,15,atappa,ātappa,Ātappa,Ātappa,(nt.) [Sk.*ātāpya,fr.ātāpa] ardour,zeal,exertion D.I,13; III,30 sq.,104 sq.,238 sq.; M.III,210; S.II,132,196 sq.; A.I,153; III,249; IV,460 sq.; V,17 sq.; Sn.1062 (= ussāha ussoḷhi thāma etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 122); J.III,447; Nd<sup>1</sup> 378; Vbh.194 (= vāyāma); DA.I,104.(Page 97),6,1
  2576. 79936,en,15,atata,aṭaṭa,Aṭaṭa,Aṭaṭa,[BSk.aṭaṭa (e.g.Divy 67),prob.to <em>aṭ</em> roam about.On this notion cp.description of roaming about in Niraya at Nd<sup>1</sup> 405 bottom] N.of a certain purgatory or Niraya A.V,173 = Sn.p.126.(Page 14),5,1
  2577. 79946,en,15,atata,ātata,Ātata,Ātata,[fr.ā +<em> tan</em>,pp.tata; lit.stretched,covered over] generic name for drums covered with leather on one side Dpvs XIV.14; VvA.37 (q.v.for enum<sup>n.</sup> of musical instruments),96.(Page 97),5,1
  2578. 79972,en,15,atatta,ātatta,Ātatta,Ātatta,[ā + tatta<sup>1</sup>,pp.of ā-tapati] heated,burnt.scorched,dry J.V,69 (°rūpa = sukkha-sarīra C.).(Page 97),6,1
  2579. 79988,en,15,atavi,aṭavī,Aṭavī,Aṭavī,(f.) [Sk.aṭavī:Non-Aryan,prob.Dravidian] 1.forest,woods J.I,306; II,117; III,220; DhA.I,13; PvA.277.‹-› 2.inhabitant of the forest,man of the woods,wild tribe J.VI,55 (= aṭavicorā C.).<br><br> <i>--rakkhika</i> guardian of the forest J.II,335.<i>--saṅkhepa</i> at A.I,178 = III,66 is prob.faulty reading for v.l.°saṅkopa “inroad of savage tribes".(Page 15),5,1
  2580. 80041,en,15,ataviya,āṭaviya,Āṭaviya,Āṭaviya,is to be read for aṭaviyo (q.v.) at J.VI,55 [= Sk.āṭavika].(Page 97),7,1
  2581. 80074,en,15,atha,atha,Atha,Atha,(indecl.) [Sk.atha,cp.atho] copulative &#38; adversative part.1.after positive clauses,in enumerations,in the beginning &#38; continuation of a story:and,and also,or; and then,now D.II,2; III,152,199 (<i>athâparaṃ</i> etad avoca); M.I,435; Sn.1006,1007,1017; Sn.p.126 (athâparaṃ etad avoca:and further,something else); Dh.69,119,377; J.II,158; Pv.II,6<sup>4</sup>; PvA.3,8 (atha na and not),70.-- 2.after negative clauses:but M.I,430; Sn.990,1047; Dh.85,136,387; PvA.68.Often comb<sup>d.</sup> with other part.,e.g.<i>atha kho</i> (pos. &#38; neg.) now,and then; but,rather,moreover Vin.I,1; D.I,141,167,174; A.V,195; PvA.79,221,251.na-atha kho na neither-nor PvA.28.<i>atha kho pana</i> and yet D.I,139.<i>atha ca pana</i> on the other hand J.I,279.<i>atha vā</i> or (after prec.ca),nor (after prec.na) Sn.134; Dh.140,271; Pv.I,4<sup>1</sup>; II,1<sup>4</sup>.<i>athā vā pi</i> Sn.917,921.(Page 25),4,1
  2582. 80085,en,15,athabbana,athabbaṇa,Athabbaṇa,Athabbaṇa,[Vedic atharvan; as regards etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under ater] (1) the Atharva Veda DA.I,247 = SnA 447 (°veda).-- (2) one who is familiar with the (magic formulas of the) Atharvaveda J.VI,490 (sâthabbaṇa=sahatthivejja,with the elephant-healer or doctor).See also āthabbaṇa.(Page 25),9,1
  2583. 80093,en,15,athabbana,āthabbaṇa,Āthabbaṇa,Āthabbaṇa,(nt.) [= athabbaṇa,q.v.] the Atharva Veda as a code of magic working formulas,witchcraft,sorcery Sn.927 (v.l.ath°,see interpreted at Nd<sup>1</sup> 381; expl<sup>d.</sup> as āthabbaṇika-manta-ppayoga at SnA 564).(Page 98),9,1
  2584. 80117,en,15,athabbanika,āthabbaṇika,Āthabbaṇika,Āthabbaṇika,(adj.n.) [fr.athabbana] one conversant with magic,wonder-worker,medicine-man Nd<sup>1</sup> 381; SnA 564.(Page 98),11,1
  2585. 80135,en,15,athapana,āṭhapanā,Āṭhapanā,Āṭhapanā,(f.) at Pug.18 &#38; v.l.at Vbh.357 is to be read aṭṭhapanā (so T.at Vbh.357).(Page 97),8,1
  2586. 80188,en,15,atho,atho,Atho,Atho,(indecl.) [Sk.atho,atha + u] copulative and adversative part.:and,also,and further,likewise,nay S.I,106; Sn.43,155,647; Dh.151,234,423; J.I,83; II,185; IV,495; It.106; Kh VIII,7; Pv IV.3<sup>15</sup>; PvA.251 (atho ti nipātamattaṃ avadhāraṇ-atthe vā).Also comb<sup>d.</sup> with other part.,like <i>atho pi</i> Sn.222,537,985; Pv.II,3<sup>20</sup>; KhA 166.(Page 25),4,1
  2587. 80204,en,15,ati,ati,Ati,Ati,(indecl.) [sk.ati = Gr.e]/ti moreover,yet,and; Lat.et and,Goth.ip; also connected with Gr.ataρ but,Lat.at but (= over,outside) Goth.appan] adv.and prep.of direction (forward motion),in primary meaning “on,and further",then “up to and beyond".I.in abstr.position <i>adverbially</i> (only as ttg.):in excess,extremely,very (cp.II,3) J.VI,133 (ati uggata C.= accuggata T.),307 (ati ahitaṃ C.= accāhitaṃ T.).<br><br> II.as <i>prefix</i>,meaning.-- 1.on to,up to,towards,until); as far as:accanta up to the end; aticchati to go further,pass on; atipāta “falling on to"; attack slaying; atimāpeti to put damage on to,i.e.to destroy.-- 2.over,beyond,past,by,trans-; with verbs:(a.) trs.atikkamati to pass beyond,surpass; atimaññati to put one’s “manas" over,to despise; atirocati to surpass in splendour.(b.) intr.atikkanta passed by; atikkama traversing; aticca transgressing; atīta past,gone beyond.-- Also with verbal derivations:accaya lapse,also sin,transgression (“going over"); atireka remainder,left over; atisaya overflow,abundance; atisāra stepping over,sin.-- 3.exceedingly,in a high or excessive degree either very (much) or too (much); in nominal comp<sup>n.</sup> (a),rarely also in verbal comp<sup>n.</sup> see (b).-- (a) with nouns &#38; adj.:°āsanna too near; °uttama the very highest; °udaka too much water; °khippa too soon; °dāna excessive alms giving; °dāruṇa very cruel; °dīgha extremely long; °dūra too near; deva a super-god °pago too early; °bālha too much; °bhāra a too heavy load; °manāpa very lovely; °manohara very charming; °mahant too great; °vikāla very inconvenient; °vela a very long time; °sambādha too tight,etc.etc.‹-› (b.) with verb:atibhuñjati to eat excessively.<br><br> III,A peculiar use of ati is its’function in reduplication-compounds,expressing “and,adding further,and so on,even more,etc." like that of the other comparing or contrasting prefixes a (ā),anu,ava,paṭi,vi (e.g.khaṇḍâkhaṇḍa,seṭṭhânuseṭṭhi,chiddâvacchidda,aṅgapaccaṅga,cuṇṇavicuṇṇa).In this function it is however restricted to comparatively few expressions and has not by far the wide range of ā (q.v.),the only phrases being the foll.viz.<i>cakkâticakkaṃ mañcâtimañcaṃ bandhati</i> to heap carts upon carts,couches upon couches (in order to see a procession) Vin.IV,360 (Bdhgh); J.II,331; IV,81; DhA.IV,61.<i>--devâtideva</i> god upon god,god and more than a god (see atideva); <i>mānâtimāna</i> all kinds of conceit; <i>vaṅkâtivaṅka</i> crooked all over J.I,160.-- IV.Semantically ati is closely related to <i>abhi</i>,so that in consequence of dialectical variation we frequently find ati in Pāli,where the corresp.expression in later Sk.shows abhi.See e.g.the foll.cases for comparison:accuṇha ati-jāta,°pīḷita °brūheti,°vassati,°vāyati,°veṭheti.<br><br> Note The contracted (assimilation-) form of ati before vowels is <i>acc-</i> (q.v.).See also for adv.use atiriva,ativiya,atīva.(Page 17),3,1
  2588. 80212,en,15,ati-ambila,ati-ambila,Ati-Ambila,Ati-ambila,(adj.) [ati + ambila] too sour DhA.II,85.(Page 18),10,1
  2589. 80214,en,15,ati-arahant,ati-arahant,Ati-Arahant,Ati-arahant,[ati + arahant] a super-Arahant,one who surpasses even other Arahants Miln.277.(Page 18),11,1
  2590. 80216,en,15,ati-eti,ati-eti,Ati-Eti,Ati-eti,[ati + <em>i</em>] to go past or beyond,see ger.<i>aticca</i> and pp.<i>atīta</i>.(Page 18),7,1
  2591. 80217,en,15,ati-issara,ati-issara,Ati-Issara,Ati-issara,(adj.) very powerful(?) J.V,441 (°bhesajja,medicin).(Page 18),10,1
  2592. 80218,en,15,ati-udaka,ati-udaka,Ati-Udaka,Ati-udaka,too much water,excess of water DhA.I,52.(Page 18),9,1
  2593. 80219,en,15,ati-unha,ati-uṇha,Ati-Uṇha,Ati-uṇha,(adj.) too hot PvA.37 (°ātapa glow).See also accuṇha (which is the usual form).(Page 18),8,1
  2594. 80220,en,15,ati-ussura,ati-ussura,Ati-Ussura,Ati-ussura,(adj.) only in Loc.<i>°e</i> (adv.) too soon after sunrise,too early VvA.65 (laddhabhattatā eating too early).(Page 18),10,1
  2595. 80221,en,15,ati-uttama,ati-uttama,Ati-Uttama,Ati-uttama,(adj.) by far the best or highest VvA.80.(Page 18),10,1
  2596. 80256,en,15,atibaddha,atibaddha,Atibaddha,Atibaddha,[pp.of atibandhati; cp.Sk.anubaddha] tied to,coupled J.I,192 = Vin.IV,5.(Page 20),9,1
  2597. 80265,en,15,atibahala,atibahala,Atibahala,Atibahala,(adj.) [ati + bahala] very thick J.VI,365.(Page 20),9,1
  2598. 80280,en,15,atibaheti,atibāheti,Atibāheti,Atibāheti,[ati + bāheti,Caus.to <em>bṛh</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>; cp.Sk.ābṛhati] to drive away,to pull out J.IV,366 (= abbāheti).(Page 20),9,1
  2599. 80315,en,15,atibalha,atibāḷha,Atibāḷha,Atibāḷha,(adj.) [ati + bāḷha] very great or strong PvA.178; nt.adv.<i>°ṃ</i> too much D.I,93,95; M.I,253.(Page 20),8,1
  2600. 80329,en,15,atibandhati,atibandhati,Atibandhati,Atibandhati,[ati + bandhati; cp.Sk.anubandhati] to tie close to,to harness on,to couple J.I,191 sq.-- pp.<i>atibaddha</i> q.v.(Page 20),11,1
  2601. 80342,en,15,atibhagin,atibhagin,Atibhagin,Atibhagin,i-putta [ati + bh.-p.] a very dear nephew J.I,223.(Page 20),9,1
  2602. 80355,en,15,atibhara,atibhāra,Atibhāra,Atibhāra,[ati + bhāra] too heavy a load Miln.277 (°ena sakaṭassa akkho bhijjati).(Page 20),8,1
  2603. 80368,en,15,atibharita,atibhārita,Atibhārita,Atibhārita,(adj.) [ati + bhārita] too heavily weighed,overloaded Vtn IV.47.(Page 20),10,1
  2604. 80373,en,15,atibhariya,atibhāriya,Atibhāriya,Atibhāriya,(adj.) too serious DhA.I,70.(Page 20),10,1
  2605. 80393,en,15,atibhoti,atibhoti,Atibhoti,Atibhoti,[ati + bhavati,cp.Sk.atibhavati &#38; abhibhavati] to excel,overcome,to get the better of,to deceive J.I,163 (= ajjhottharati vañceti C.).(Page 20),8,1
  2606. 80401,en,15,atibhunjati,atibhuñjati,Atibhuñjati,Atibhuñjati,[ati + bhuñjati] to eat too much,to overeat Miln.153.(Page 20),11,1
  2607. 80406,en,15,atibhutta,atibhutta,Atibhutta,Atibhutta,(nt.) [ati + bhutta] overeating Miln.135.(Page 20),9,1
  2608. 80421,en,15,atibrahma,atibrahmā,Atibrahmā,Atibrahmā,[ati + brahmā] a greater Brahma,a super-god Miln.277; DhA.II,60 (Brahmuṇā a.greater than B.).(Page 20),9,1
  2609. 80432,en,15,atibruheti,atibrūheti,Atibrūheti,Atibrūheti,[ati + brūheti,<em>bṛh</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,but by C.taken incorrectly to <em>brū</em>; cp.Sk.abhi-bṛṇhayati] to shout out,roar,cry J.V,361 (= mahāsaddaṃ nicchāreti).(Page 20),10,1
  2610. 80455,en,15,aticara,aticāra,Aticāra,Aticāra,[from aticarati] transgression Vv 15<sup>8</sup> (= aticca cāra VvA.72).(Page 19),7,1
  2611. 80461,en,15,aticarana,aticaraṇa,Aticaraṇa,Aticaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.aticarati] transgression PvA.159.(Page 18),9,1
  2612. 80470,en,15,aticarati,aticarati,Aticarati,Aticarati,[ati + carati] 1.to go about,to roam about Pv.II,12<sup>15</sup>; PvA.57.-- 2.to transgress,to commit adultery J.I,496.Cp.next.(Page 18),9,1
  2613. 80488,en,15,aticarin,aticārin,Aticārin,Aticārin,(adj.n.) [from aticarati] transgressing,sinning,esp.as f.aticārinī an adulteress S.II,259; IV,242; D.III,190; A.III,261; Pv.II,12<sup>14</sup>; PvA.151 (v.l.BB),152; VvA.110.(Page 19),8,1
  2614. 80497,en,15,aticaritar,aticaritar,Aticaritar,Aticaritar,[n.ag.of.aticarati] one who transgresses,esp.a woman who commits adultery A.II,61 (all MSS.read aticaritvā); IV,66 (T.aticarittā).(Page 18),10,1
  2615. 80506,en,15,aticariya,aticariyā,Aticariyā,Aticariyā,(f.) [ati + cariyā] transgression,sin,adultery D.III,190.(Page 19),9,1
  2616. 80518,en,15,aticca,aticca,Aticca,Aticca,(grd.) [ger.of ati + eti,ati + <i>i</i>] 1.passing beyond,traversing,overcoming,surmounting Sn.519,529,531.Used adverbially = beyond,in access,more than usual,exceedingly Sn.373,804 (= vassasataṃ atikkamitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 120).-- 2.failing,transgressing,sinning,esp.committing adultery J V,424; VvA.72,(Page 19),6,1
  2617. 80543,en,15,aticchati,aticchati,Aticchati,Aticchati,[*Sk.ati-ṛcchati,ati + <em>ṛ</em>,cp.aṇṇava] to go on,only occurring in imper.aticchatha (bhante) “please go on,Sir",asking a bhikkhu to seek alms elsewhere,thus refusing a gift in a civil way.[The interpretation given by Trenckner,as quoted by Childers,is from ati + ‘<em>iṣ</em> “go and beg further on".(Tr.Notes 65) but this would entail a meaning like “desire in excess",since <em>iṣ</em> does not convey the notion of movement] J.III,462; DhA.IV,98 (T.aticcha,vv.ll.°atha); VvA.101; Miln.8.-- Caus.<i>aticchāpeti</i> to make go on,to ask to go further J.III,462.‹-› Cp.icchatā.(Page 19),9,1
  2618. 80547,en,15,aticchatta,aticchatta,Aticchatta,Aticchatta,[ati + chatta] a “super"--sunshade,a sunshade of extraordinary size &#38; colours DhsA.2.(Page 19),10,1
  2619. 80583,en,15,aticitra,aticitra,Aticitra,Aticitra,(adj.) [ati + citra] very splendid,brilliant,quite exceptional Miln.28.(Page 19),8,1
  2620. 80596,en,15,atidana,atidāna,Atidāna,Atidāna,(nt.) [ati + dāna] too generous giving,an excessive gift of alms Miln.277; PvA.129,130.(Page 19),7,1
  2621. 80607,en,15,atidaruna,atidāruṇa,Atidāruṇa,Atidāruṇa,(adj.) [Sk.atidāruṇa,ati + dāruṇa] very cruel,extremely fierce Pv III,7<sup>3</sup>.(Page 19),9,1
  2622. 80630,en,15,atideva,atideva,Atideva,Atideva,[ati + deva] a super god,god above gods,usually Ep.of the Buddha S.I,141; Th.1,489; Nd<sup>2</sup> 307 (cp.adhi°); Miln.277.<i>atidevadeva</i> id.Miln.203,209.<i>devâtideva</i> god over the gods (of the Buddha) Nd<sup>2</sup> 307 a.(Page 19),7,1
  2623. 80645,en,15,atidhamati,atidhamati,Atidhamati,Atidhamati,[ati + dhamati] to beat a drum too hard J.I,283; pp.<i>atidhanta</i> ibid.(Page 19),10,1
  2624. 80661,en,15,atidhatata,atidhātatā,Atidhātatā,Atidhātatā,[ati + dhāta + ta] oversatiation J.II,193.(Page 19),10,1
  2625. 80676,en,15,atidhavati,atidhāvati,Atidhāvati,Atidhāvati,[ati + dhāvati 1] to run past,to outstrip or get ahead of S.III,103; IV,230; M.III,19; It.43; Miln.136; SnA 21.(Page 19),10,1
  2626. 80695,en,15,atidhonacarin,atidhonacārin,Atidhonacārin,Atidhonacārin,[ati + dhonacārin] indulging too much in the use of the “dhonas",i.e.the four requisites of the bhikkhu,or transgressing the proper use or normal application of the requisites (expl<sup>n.</sup> at DhA.III,344,cp.dhona) Dh.240 = Nett 129.(Page 19),13,1
  2627. 80697,en,15,atidigha,atidīgha,Atidīgha,Atidīgha,(adj.) [ati + dīgha] too long,extremely long J.IV,165; Pv.II,10<sup>2</sup>; VvA.103 (opp.<i>atirassa</i>).(Page 19),8,1
  2628. 80708,en,15,atidisati,atidisati,Atidisati,Atidisati,[ati + disati] to give further explanation,to explain in detail Miln.304.(Page 19),9,1
  2629. 80718,en,15,atiditthi,atiditthi,Atiditthi,Atiditthi,(f.) [ati + diṭṭhi] higher doctrine,super knowledge (?) Vin.I,63 = II,4 (+ adhisīla; should we read adhi-diṭṭhi?) (Page 19),9,1
  2630. 80725,en,15,atidiva,atidivā,Atidivā,Atidivā,(adv.) [ati + divā] late in the day,in the afternoon Vin.I,70 (+ <i>atikālena</i>); S.I,200; A.III,117.(Page 19),7,1
  2631. 80739,en,15,atidukkha,atidukkha,Atidukkha,Atidukkha,[ati + dukkha] great evil,exceedingly painful excessive suffering PvA.65; Sdhp.95.In <i>atidukkhavāca</i> PvA.15 ati belongs to the whole cpd.,i.e.of very hurtful speech.(Page 19),9,1
  2632. 80755,en,15,atidura,atidūra,Atidūra,Atidūra,(adj.) [ati + dūra] very or too far Vin.I,46; J.II,154; Pv.II,9<sup>65</sup> = DhA.III,220 (vv.ll.suvidūre); PvA.42 (opp.<i>accāsanna</i>).(Page 19),7,1
  2633. 80774,en,15,atiga,atiga,Atiga,Atiga,(-°) (adj.) [ati + ga] going over,overcoming,surmounting,getting over Sn.250 (saṅga°); Dh.370 (id.); Sn.795 (sīma°,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 99),1096 (ogha°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 100 (= atikkanta); Nd<sup>2</sup> 180 (id.).(Page 18),5,1
  2634. 80785,en,15,atigacchati,atigacchati,Atigacchati,Atigacchati,[ati + gacchati] to go over,i.e.to overcome,surmount,conquer,get the better of,only in pret.(aor.) 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.accagā (q.v.and see gacchati 3) Sn.1040; Dh.414 and accagamā (see gacchati 2) Vin.II,192; D.I,85; S.II,205; DA.I,236 (= abhibhavitvā pavatta).Also 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>accaguṃ</i> It.93,95.(Page 18),11,1
  2635. 80798,en,15,atigaleti,atigāḷeti,Atigāḷeti,Atigāḷeti,[ati + gāḷeti,Caus.of galati,cp.Sk.vi-gālayati] to destroy,make perish,waste away J.VI,211 (= atigālayati vināseti C.p.215).Perhaps reading should be atigāḷheti (see atigāḷhita.(Page 18),9,1
  2636. 80803,en,15,atigalha,atigāḷha,Atigāḷha,Atigāḷha,(adj.) [ati + gāḷha 1] very tight or close,intensive J.I,62.Cp.atigāḷhita.(Page 18),8,1
  2637. 80808,en,15,atigalhita,atigāḷhita,Atigāḷhita,Atigāḷhita,[pp.of atigāḷheti,denom.fr.atigāḷha; cp.Sk.atigāhate to overcome] oppressed,harmed,overcome,defeated,destroyed J.V,401 (= atipīḷita C.).(Page 18),10,1
  2638. 80836,en,15,atighora,atighora,Atighora,Atighora,(adj.) [ati + ghora] very terrible or fierce Sdhp.285.(Page 18),8,1
  2639. 80865,en,15,atiharati,atiharati,Atiharati,Atiharati,[ati + <em>hṛ</em>] to carry over,to bring over,bring,draw over Vin.II,209; IV,264; S.I,89; J.I,292; V,347.‹-› Caus.<i>atiharāpeti</i> to cause to bring over,bring in,reap,collect,harvest Vin.II,181; III,18; Miln.66; DhA.IV,77.‹-› See also <i>atihita</i>.(Page 21),9,1
  2640. 80881,en,15,atihattha,atihaṭṭha,Atihaṭṭha,Atihaṭṭha,(adj.) [ati + haṭṭha] very pleased Sdhp.323.(Page 21),9,1
  2641. 80891,en,15,atihileti,atihīḷeti,Atihīḷeti,Atihīḷeti,[ati + <em>hīḍ</em>] to despise J.IV,331 (= atimaññati C.).(Page 21),9,1
  2642. 80896,en,15,atihina,atihīna,Atihīna,Atihīna,(adj.) [ati + hīna] very poor or destitute A.IV,282,287; 323 (opp.<i>accogāḷha</i>).(Page 21),7,1
  2643. 80900,en,15,atihita,atihita,Atihita,Atihita,[ati + <em>hṛ</em>,pp.of atiharati,hita unusual for hata,perhaps through analogy with Sk.abhi + <em>dhā</em>] brought over (from the field into the house),harvested,borne home Th.1,381 (vīhi).(Page 21),7,1
  2644. 80932,en,15,atikaddhati,atikaddhati,Atikaddhati,Atikaddhati,[ati + kaḍḍhati] to pull too hard,to labour,trouble,drudge Vin.III,17.(Page 18),11,1
  2645. 80940,en,15,atikala,atikāla,Atikāla,Atikāla,[ati + kāla] in Instr.<i>atikālena</i> adv.in very good time very early Vin.I,70 (+ atidivā).(Page 18),7,1
  2646. 80951,en,15,atikanha,atikaṇha,Atikaṇha,Atikaṇha,(adj.) [ati + kaṇha] too black Vin.IV,7.(Page 18),8,1
  2647. 80966,en,15,atikaruna,atikaruṇa,Atikaruṇa,Atikaruṇa,(adj.) [ati + karuṇa] very pitiful,extremely miserable J.I,202; IV,142; VI,53.(Page 18),9,1
  2648. 80977,en,15,atikassa,atikassa,Atikassa,Atikassa,(ger.) [fr.atikassati ati + <em>kṛṣ</em>; Sk.atikṛṣya] pulling (right) through J.V,173 (rajjuṃ,a rope,through the nostrils; v.l.BB.anti°).(Page 18),8,1
  2649. 80981,en,15,atikata,atikata,Atikata,Atikata,(pp.) more than done to,i.e.retaliated; paid back in an excessive degree A.I,62.(Page 18),7,1
  2650. 80989,en,15,atikhana,atikhaṇa,Atikhaṇa,Atikhaṇa,(nt.) [ati + khaṇa(na)] too much digging J.II,296.(Page 18),8,1
  2651. 80999,en,15,atikhata,atikhāta,Atikhāta,Atikhāta,(nt.) = prec.J.II,296.(Page 18),8,1
  2652. 81005,en,15,atikhina,atikhiṇa,Atikhiṇa,Atikhiṇa,(adj.) [ati + khīṇa] in cāpâtikhīṇa broken bow (?) Dh.156 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at DhA.III,132 as cāpāto atikhīṇā cāpā vinimmuttā).(Page 18),8,1
  2653. 81046,en,15,atikkama,atikkama,Atikkama,Atikkama,[Sk.atikrama] going over or further,passing beyond,traversing; fig.overcoming of,overstepping,failing against,transgression Dh.191; Dhs.299; PvA.154 (katipayayojan°),159 (°caraṇa sinful mode of life); Miln.158 (dur° hard to overcome); Sdhp.64.(Page 18),8,1
  2654. 81057,en,15,atikkamanaka,atikkamaṇaka,Atikkamaṇaka,Atikkamaṇaka,(adj.) [atikkamaṇa + ka] exceeding J.I,153.(Page 18),12,1
  2655. 81075,en,15,atikkamati,atikkamati,Atikkamati,Atikkamati,[ati + kamati] (1) to go beyond,to pass over,to cross,to pass by.(2) to overcome,to conquer,to surpass,to be superior to.-- J.IV,141; Dh.221 (Pot.°eyya,overcome); PvA.67 (maggena:passes by).grd.<i>atikkamanīya</i> to be overcome D.II,13 (an°); SnA 568 (dur°).ger.<i>atikkamma</i> D.II,12 (surpassing); It.51 (māradheyyaṃ,passing over),cp.vv.ll.under adhigayha; and <i>atikkamitva</i> going beyond,overcoming,transcending (J.IV,139 (samuddaṃ); Pug.17; J.I,162 (raṭṭhaṃ having left).Often to be trsl.as adv.“beyond",e.g.pare beyond others PvA.15; Vasabhagāmaṃ beyond the village of.V,PvA.168.-- pp.<i>atikkanta</i> (q.v.).(Page 18),10,1
  2656. 81092,en,15,atikkameti,atikkameti,Atikkameti,Atikkameti,[Caus.of atikkamati] to make pass,to cause to pass over J.I,151.(Page 18),10,1
  2657. 81123,en,15,atikkanta,atikkanta,Atikkanta,Atikkanta,[pp.of atikamati] passed beyond,passed by,gone by,elapsed; passed over,passing beyond,surpassing J.II,128 (tīṇi saṃvaccharāni); DhA.III,133 (tayo vaye pas‹-› sed beyond the 3 ages of life); PvA.55 (māse °e after the lapse of a month),74 (kati divasā °ā how many days have passed).<br><br> <i>--mānusaka</i> superhuman It.100; Pug.60; cp.BSk.atikrānta-mānuṣyaka M Vastu III,321.(Page 18),9,1
  2658. 81184,en,15,atikkantika,atikkantikā,Atikkantikā,Atikkantikā,(f.) [Der.abstr.fr.prec.] transgressing,overstepping the bounds (of good behaviour),lawlessness Miln.122.(Page 18),11,1
  2659. 81190,en,15,atikkhippam,atikkhippaṃ,Atikkhippaṃ,Atikkhippaṃ,(adv.) [ati + khippa] too soon Vin.II,284.(Page 18),11,1
  2660. 81211,en,15,atilina,atilīna,Atilīna,Atilīna,(adj.) [ati + līna] too much attached to worldly matters S.V,263.(Page 21),7,1
  2661. 81232,en,15,atiloma,atiloma,Atiloma,Atiloma,(adj.) [ati + loma] too hairy,having too much hair J.VI,457 (opp.aloma).(Page 21),7,1
  2662. 81244,en,15,atilukha,atilūkha,Atilūkha,Atilūkha,(adj.) [ati + lūkha] too wretched,very miserable Sdhp.409.(Page 21),8,1
  2663. 81251,en,15,atimahant,atimahant,Atimahant,Atimahant,(adj.) [ati + mahant] very or too great J.I,221; PvA.75.(Page 20),9,1
  2664. 81267,en,15,atimamayati,atimamāyati,Atimamāyati,Atimamāyati,[ati + mamāyati,cp.Sk.atīmamāyate in diff.meaning = envy] to favour too much,to spoil or fondle J.II,316.(Page 20),11,1
  2665. 81276,en,15,atimana,atimāna,Atimāna,Atimāna,[Sk.atimāna,ati + māna] high opinion (of oneself),pride,arrogance,conceit,M.I,363; Sn.853 (see expl<sup>n.</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 233),942,968; J.VI,235; Nd<sup>1</sup> 490; Miln.289.Cp.atimaññanā.(Page 20),7,1
  2666. 81288,en,15,atimanapa,atimanāpa,Atimanāpa,Atimanāpa,(adj.) [ati + manāpa] very lovely PvA.77 (+ abhirūpa).(Page 20),9,1
  2667. 81297,en,15,atimanda,atimanda,Atimanda,Atimanda,(ka) (adj.) [ati + manda] too slow,too weak Sdhp.204,273,488.(Page 20),8,1
  2668. 81307,en,15,atimanin,atimānin,Atimānin,Atimānin,(adj.) [fr.atimāna] D.II,45 (thaddha +); Sn.143 (an°) 244; KhA 236.(Page 20),8,1
  2669. 81318,en,15,atimannana,atimaññanā,Atimaññanā,Atimaññanā,(f.) [abstr.to prec.,cp.atimāna] arrogance,contempt,neglect Miln.122.(Page 20),10,1
  2670. 81330,en,15,atimannati,atimaññati,Atimaññati,Atimaññati,[Sk.atimanyate; ati + <em>man</em>] to despise,slighten,neglect Sn.148 (= KhA 247 atikkamitvā maññati); Dh.365,366; J.II,347; Pv.I,7<sup>6</sup> (°issaṃ,v.l.°asiṃ = atikkamitvā avamaññiṃ PvA.37); PvA.36; Sdhp.609.(Page 20),10,1
  2671. 81340,en,15,atimanohara,atimanohara,Atimanohara,Atimanohara,(adj.) [ati + manohara] very charming PvA.46.(Page 20),11,1
  2672. 81346,en,15,atimanorama,atimanorama,Atimanorama,Atimanorama,(adj.) [ati + manorama] very charming J.I,60.(Page 20),11,1
  2673. 81353,en,15,atimapeti,atimāpeti,Atimāpeti,Atimāpeti,[ati + māpeti,Caus.of <em>mī</em>,mināte,orig.meaning “to do damage to"] to injure,destroy,kill; only in the stock phrase <i>pāṇaṃ atimāpeti</i> (with v.l.atipāteti) to destroy life,to kill D.I,52 (v.l.°pāteti) = DA.I,159 (:pāṇaṃ hanati pi parehi hanāpeti either to kill or incite others to murder); M.I,404,516; S.IV,343; A.III,205 (correct T.reading atimāteti; v.l.pāteti); Dh.246 (v.l.°pāteti) = DhA.III,356 (:parassa jīvitindriyaṃ upacchindati).(Page 20),9,1
  2674. 81386,en,15,atimuduka,atimuduka,Atimuduka,Atimuduka,(adj.) [ati + muduka] very soft,mild or feeble J.I,262.(Page 20),9,1
  2675. 81393,en,15,atimukhara,atimukhara,Atimukhara,Atimukhara,(adj.) [ati + mukhara] very talkative,a chatterbox J.I,418; DhA.II,70.<i>atimukharatā</i> (f.abstr.) ibid.(Page 20),10,1
  2676. 81412,en,15,atimuttaka,atimuttaka,Atimuttaka,Atimuttaka,[Sk.atimuktaka] N.of a plant,Gaertnera Racemosa Vin.II,256 = M.I,32; Miln.338.(Page 20),10,1
  2677. 81436,en,15,atinameti,atināmeti,Atināmeti,Atināmeti,[BSk.atināmayati,e.g.Divy 82,443; ati + nāmeti] to pass time A.I,206; Miln.345.(Page 19),9,1
  2678. 81450,en,15,atineti,atineti,Atineti,Atineti,[ati + neti] to bring up to,to fetch,to provide with Vin.II,180 (udakaṃ).(Page 19),7,1
  2679. 81457,en,15,atinicaka,atinicaka,Atinicaka,Atinicaka,(adj.) [ati + nīcaka] too low,only in phrase <i>cakkavāḷaṃ atisambādhaṃ Brahmaloko atinīcako</i> the World is too narrow and Heaven too low (to comprehend the merit of a person,as sign of exceeding merit) DhA.I,310; III,310 = VvA.68.(Page 19),9,1
  2680. 81460,en,15,atinigganhati,atiniggaṇhāti,Atiniggaṇhāti,Atiniggaṇhāti,[ati + niggaṇhāti] to rebuke too much J.VI,417.(Page 19),13,1
  2681. 81503,en,15,atipadana,atipadāna,Atipadāna,Atipadāna,(nt.) [ati + pa + dāna] too much alms-giving Pv.II,943 (= atidāna PvA.130).(Page 19),9,1
  2682. 81521,en,15,atipandita,atipaṇḍita,Atipaṇḍita,Atipaṇḍita,(adj.[ati + paṇḍita] too clever DhA.IV,38.(Page 19),10,1
  2683. 81531,en,15,atipanditata,atipaṇḍitatā,Atipaṇḍitatā,Atipaṇḍitatā,(f.) [abstr.of atipaṇḍita] too much cleverness DhA.II,29.(Page 19),12,1
  2684. 81542,en,15,atipapanca,atipapañca,Atipapañca,Atipapañca,[ati + p.] too great a delay,excessive tarrying J.I,64; II,93.(Page 19),10,1
  2685. 81549,en,15,atipariccaga,atipariccāga,Atipariccāga,Atipariccāga,[ati + pariccāga] excess in liberality DhA.III,11.(Page 19),12,1
  2686. 81574,en,15,atipassati,atipassati,Atipassati,Atipassati,[ati + passati; cp.Sk.anupaśyati] to look for,catch sight of,discover M.III,132 (nāgaṃ).(Page 19),10,1
  2687. 81588,en,15,atipata,atipāta,Atipāta,Atipāta,[ati + <em>pat</em>] attack,only in phrase <i>pāṇâtipāta</i> destruction of life,slaying,killing,murder D.I,4 (pāṇātipātā veramaṇī,refraining from killing,the first of the dasasīla or decalogue); DA.I,69 (= pāṇavadha,pāṇaghāta); Sn.242; Kh II,cp.KhA 26; PvA.28,33 etc.(Page 19),7,1
  2688. 81614,en,15,atipateti,atipāteti,Atipāteti,Atipāteti,[denom.fr.atipāta] to destroy S.V,453; Dh.246 (v.l.for atimāpeti,q.v.).Cp.paripāteti.(Page 19),9,1
  2689. 81630,en,15,atipatin,atipātin,Atipātin,Atipātin,(adj.-n.) one who attacks or destroys Sn.248; J.VI,449 (in war nāgakkhandh° = hatthikkhande khaggena chinditvā C.); PvA.27 (pāṇ°).(Page 19),8,1
  2690. 81644,en,15,atipilita,atipīḷita,Atipīḷita,Atipīḷita,[ati + pīḷita,cp.Sk.abhipīḍita] pressed against,oppressed,harassed,vexed J.V,401 (= atigāḷhita).(Page 20),9,1
  2691. 81650,en,15,atipinita,atipīṇita,Atipīṇita,Atipīṇita,(adj.) [ati + pīṇita] too much beloved,too dear,too lovely DhA.V,70.(Page 19),9,1
  2692. 81685,en,15,atippago,atippago,Atippago,Atippago,(adv.) [cp.Sk.atiprage] too early,usually elliptical = it is too early (with inf.<i>carituṃ</i> etc.) D.I,178; M.I,84; A.IV,35.(Page 20),8,1
  2693. 81734,en,15,atiradassin,atīradassin,Atīradassin,Atīradassin,(adj.-n.) [a + tīra + dassin] not seeing the shore J.I,46; VI,440; also as <i>atīradassanī</i> (f.) J.V,75 <i>(nāvā)</i>.Cp.D I 222.(Page 22),11,1
  2694. 81739,en,15,atiraja,atirājā,Atirājā,Atirājā,[ati + rājā] a higher king,the greatest king,more than a king DhA.II,60; Miln.277.(Page 20),7,1
  2695. 81765,en,15,atirassa,atirassa,Atirassa,Atirassa,(adj.) [ati + rassa] too short (opp.<i>atidīgha</i>) Vin.IV,7; J.VI,457; VvA.103.(Page 20),8,1
  2696. 81772,en,15,atirattim,atirattiṃ,Atirattiṃ,Atirattiṃ,(adv.) [ati + ratti; cp.atidivā] late in the night,at midnight J.I,436 (opp.atipabhāte).(Page 20),9,1
  2697. 81781,en,15,atireka,atireka,Atireka,Atireka,(adj.) [Sk.atireka,ati + <em>ric</em>,rinakti; see ritta] surplus,too much; exceeding,excessive,in a high degree; extra Vin.I,255; J.I,72 (°padasata),109; 441 (in higher positions); Miln.216; DhsA.2; DhA.II,98.<br><br> <i>--cīvara</i> an extra robe Vin.I,289.<i>--pāda</i> exceeding the worth of a pāda,more than a pāda,Vin.III,47.(Page 20),7,1
  2698. 81949,en,15,atirekata,atirekatā,Atirekatā,Atirekatā,(f.) [abstr.to prec.] excessiveness,surplus,excess Kvu 607.(Page 20),9,1
  2699. 81984,en,15,atiriccati,atiriccati,Atiriccati,Atiriccati,[ati + riccati,see ritta] to be left over,to remain Sdhp.23,126.(Page 20),10,1
  2700. 81997,en,15,atiritta,atiritta,Atiritta,Atiritta,(adj.) [pp.of ati + <em>ric</em>,see ritta] left over,only as neg.<i>an°</i> applied to food,i.e.food which is not the leavings of a meal,fresh food Vin.I,213 sq,238; II,301; IV,82 sq.,85.(Page 20),8,1
  2701. 82019,en,15,atiriva,atiriva,Atiriva,Atiriva,(ati-r-iva) see <i>ativiya</i>.(Page 20),7,1
  2702. 82033,en,15,atirocati,atirocati,Atirocati,Atirocati,[ati + <em>ruc</em>] to shine magnificently (trs.) to outshine,to surpass in splendour D.II,208; Dh.59; Pv.II,9<sup>58</sup>; Miln.336 (+ <i>virocati</i>); DhA.I,446 (= atikkamitvā <i>virocati</i>); III,219; PvA.139 (= ativiya <i>virocati</i>).(Page 20),9,1
  2703. 82072,en,15,atisambadha,atisambādha,Atisambādha,Atisambādha,(adj.) [ati + sambādha] too tight,crowded or narrow DhA.I,310; III,310 = VvA.68; cp.atinīcaka.‹-› f.abstr.<i>atisambādhatā</i> the state of being too narrow J.I,7.(Page 21),11,1
  2704. 82085,en,15,atisancara,atisañcara,Atisañcara,Atisañcara,(°cāra?) [ati + sañcāra] wandering about too much Miln.277.(Page 21),10,1
  2705. 82092,en,15,atisanha,atisaṇha,Atisaṇha,Atisaṇha,(adj.) [ati + saṇha] too subtle DhA.III,326.(Page 21),8,1
  2706. 82102,en,15,atisanta,atisanta,Atisanta,Atisanta,(adj.) [ati + santa<sup>1</sup>] extremely peaceful Sdhp.496.(Page 21),8,1
  2707. 82108,en,15,atisara,atisara,Atisara,Atisara,(adj.) [fr.atisarati; cp.accasara] transgressing,sinning J.IV,6; cp.atisāra.(Page 21),7,1
  2708. 82117,en,15,atisara,atisāra,Atisāra,Atisāra,[fr.ati + <em>sṛ</em>,see atisarati.Cp.Sk.atisāra in diff.meaning but BSk.atisāra (sâtisāra) in the same meaning) going too far,overstepping the limit,trespassing,false step,slip,danger Vin.I,55 <i>(sâtisāra)</i>,326 (id.); S.I,74; M.III,237; Sn.889 (atisāraṃ diṭṭhiyo = diṭṭhigatāni Nd<sup>1</sup> 297; going beyond the proper limits of the right faith),J.V,221 (dhamm°),379; DhA.I,182; DhsA.28.See also <i>atisara</i>.(Page 21),7,1
  2709. 82130,en,15,atisarati,atisarati,Atisarati,Atisarati,[ati + <em>sṛ</em>] to go too far,to go beyond the limit,to overstep,transgress,aor.<i>accasari</i> (q.v.) Sn.8 sq.(opp.paccasari; C.atidhāvi); J.V,70 and <i>atisari</i> J.IV,6.‹-› ger.<i>atisitvā</i> (for *atisaritvā) D.I,222; S.IV,94; A.I,145; V,226,256; Sn.908 (= Nd<sup>1</sup> 324 atikkamitvā etc.).(Page 21),9,1
  2710. 82143,en,15,atisaya,atisaya,Atisaya,Atisaya,[cp.Sk.atiśaya,fr.ati + <em>śī</em>] superiority,distinction,excellence,abundance VvA.135 (= visesa); PvA.86; Dāvs II,62.(Page 21),7,1
  2711. 82151,en,15,atisayam,atisāyaṃ,Atisāyaṃ,Atisāyaṃ,(adv.) [ati + sāyaṃ] very late,late in the evening J.V,94.(Page 21),8,1
  2712. 82168,en,15,atisayati,atisayati,Atisayati,Atisayati,[ati + <em>śī</em>] to surpass,excel; ger.<i>atisayitvā</i> Miln.336 (+ atikkamitvā).(Page 21),9,1
  2713. 82200,en,15,atisita,atisīta,Atisīta,Atisīta,(adj.) [ati + sīta] too cold DhA.II,85.(Page 21),7,1
  2714. 82204,en,15,atisitala,atisītala,Atisītala,Atisītala,(adj.) [ati + sītala] very cold J.III,55.(Page 21),9,1
  2715. 82211,en,15,atisithila,atisithila,Atisithila,Atisithila,(adj.) [ati + sithila] very loose,shaky or weak A.III,375.(Page 21),10,1
  2716. 82257,en,15,atita,atīta,Atīta,Atīta,(adj.-n.) [Sk.atīta,ati + ita,pp.of <i>i</i>.Cp.accaya &#38; ati eti] 1.(temporal) past,gone by (cp.accaya 1) (a) adj.<i>atītaṃ addhānaṃ</i> in the time which is past S.III,86; A.IV,219; V,32.-- Pv.II,12<sup>12</sup> (atītānaṃ,scil.attabhāvāuaṃ,pariyanto na dissati); khaṇâtīta with the right moment past Dh.315 = Sn.333; atītayobbana he who is past youth or whose youth is past Sn.110.-- (b) nt.the past:<i>atīte</i> (Loc.) once upon a time J.I,98 etc.<i>atītaṃ āhari</i> he told (a tale of) the past,i.e.a Jātaka J.I,213,218,221 etc.-- S.I,5 (atītaṃ nânusocati); A.III,400 (a.eko anto); Sn.851,1112.In this sense very frequently comb<sup>d.</sup> with or opposed to <i>anāgata</i> the future &#38; <i>paccuppanna</i> the present,e.g.atītânāgate in past &#38; future S.II,58; Sn.373; J.VI,364.Or all three in ster.comb<sup>n.</sup> atīt’-anāgata-paccuppanna (this the usual order) D.III,100,135; S.II,26,110,252; III,19,47,187; IV,4 sq.; 151 sq.; A.I,264 sq.,284; II,171,202; III,151; V,33; It.53; Nd<sup>2</sup> 22; but also occasionally atīta paccuppanna anāgata,e.g.PvA.100.-- 2.(modal) passed out of,having overcome or surmounted,gone over,free from (cp.accaya 2) S.I,97 (maraṇaṃ an° not free from death),121 (sabbavera-bhaya°); A.II,21; III,346 (sabbasaṃyojana°); Sn.373 (kappa°),598 (khaya°,of the moon = ūnabhāvaṃ atīta SnA.463); Th.1,413 (c.Abl.) -- 3.(id.) overstepping,having transgressed or neglected (cp.accaya 3) Dh.176 (dhammaṃ).<br><br> <i>--aṃsa</i> the past (= atīta koṭṭhāse,atikkantabhavesū ti attho ThA.233) D.II,222; III,275; Th.2,314.<i>--ārammaṇa</i> state of mind arising out of the past Dhs.1041.(Page 21),5,1
  2717. 82376,en,15,atitarati,atitarati,Atitarati,Atitarati,[ati + tarati] to pass over,cross,go beyond aor.accatari S.IV,157 = It.57 (°āri).(Page 19),9,1
  2718. 82394,en,15,atitata,atitāta,Atitāta,Atitāta,(adj.) [ati + jāta,perhaps ati in sense of abhi,cp.abhijāta] well-born,well behaved,gentlemanly It.14 (opp.<i>avajāta</i>).(Page 19),7,1
  2719. 82429,en,15,atitheyya,ātitheyya,Ātitheyya,Ātitheyya,(nt.) [fr.ati + theyya] great theft (?) A.I,93; IV,63 sq.(v.l.ati° which is perhaps to be prcferred).(Page 98),9,1
  2720. 82438,en,15,atithi,atithi,Atithi,Atithi,[Sk.atithi of <em>at</em><i> = </i><em>aṭ</em>,see aṭata; orig.the wanderer,cp.Vedic atithin wandering] a guest,stranger,newcomer D.I,117 (= āgantuka-navaka pāhuṇaka DA.I,288); A.II,68; III,45,260; J.IV,31,274; V,388; Kh VIII,7 (= n’atthi assa ṭhiti yamhi vā tamhi vā divase āgacchatī ti atithi KhA 222); VvA.24 (= āgantuka).(Page 19),6,1
  2721. 82477,en,15,atitta,atitta,Atitta,Atitta,(adj.) [a + titta] dissatisfied,unsatisfied J.I,440; Dh.48.(Page 19),6,1
  2722. 82497,en,15,atittha,atittha,Atittha,Atittha,(nt.) [a + tittha] “that which is not a fordingplace".i.e.not the right way,manner or time; as °wrongly in the wrong way J.I,343; IV,379; VI,241; DhA.III,347; DA.I,38.(Page 19),7,1
  2723. 82538,en,15,atituccha,atituccha,Atituccha,Atituccha,(adj.) [ati + tuccha] very,or quite empty Sdhp.430.(Page 19),9,1
  2724. 82543,en,15,atitula,atitula,Atitula,Atitula,(adj.) [ati + tula] beyond compare,incomparable Th.1,831 = Sn.561 (= tulaṃ atīto nirupamo ti attho SnA 455).(Page 19),7,1
  2725. 82551,en,15,atitutthi,atituṭṭhi,Atituṭṭhi,Atituṭṭhi,(f.) [ati + tuṭṭhi] extreme joy J.I,207.(Page 19),9,1
  2726. 82581,en,15,ativa,atīva,Atīva,Atīva,(indecl.) [ati + iva,see also ativiya] very much,exceedingly J.II,413; Mhvs 33,2 etc.(Page 22),5,1
  2727. 82591,en,15,ativaha,ativāha,Ativāha,Ativāha,[fr.ati + <em>vah</em>,cp.Sk.ativahati &#38; abhivāha] carrying,carrying over; a conveyance; one who conveys,i.e.a conductor,guide Th.1,616 (said of sīla,good character); J.V,433.-- Cp.ativāhika.(Page 21),7,1
  2728. 82603,en,15,ativahika,ativāhika,Ativāhika,Ativāhika,[fr.ativāha] one who belongs to a conveyance,one who conveys or guides,a conductor (of a caravan) J.V,471,472 (°purisa).(Page 21),9,1
  2729. 82611,en,15,ativakya,ativākya,Ativākya,Ativākya,(nt.) [ati + <em>vac</em>,cp.Sk.ativāda,fr.ati + <em>vad</em>] abuse,blame,reproach Dh.320,321 (= aṭṭha-anariyavohāra-vasena pavattaṃ vītikkama-vacanaṃ DhA.IV,3); J.VI,508.(Page 21),8,1
  2730. 82621,en,15,ativankin,ativaṅkin,Ativaṅkin,Ativaṅkin,(adj.) [ati + vaṅkin] very crooked J.I,160 (vaṅkâtivaṅkin crooked all over; cp.ati III,).(Page 20),9,1
  2731. 82624,en,15,ativannati,ativaṇṇati,Ativaṇṇati,Ativaṇṇati,[ati + vaṇṇati] to surpass,excel D.II,267.(Page 20),10,1
  2732. 82629,en,15,ativasa,ativasa,Ativasa,Ativasa,(adj.) [ati + vasa fr.<em>vas</em>] being under somebody’s rule,dependent upon (c.Gen.) Dh.74 (= vase vattati DhA.II,79).(Page 21),7,1
  2733. 82641,en,15,ativassati,ativassati,Ativassati,Ativassati,[ati + vassati,cp.Sk.abhivarṣati] to rain down on,upon or into Th.1,447 = Vin.II,240.(Page 21),10,1
  2734. 82653,en,15,ativata,ativāta,Ativāta,Ativāta,[ati + vāta] too much wind,a wind which is too strong,a gale,storm Miln.277.(Page 21),7,1
  2735. 82666,en,15,ativatta,ativatta,Ativatta,Ativatta,[pp.of ativattati:Sk.ativṛtta] passed beyond,surpassed,overcome (act. &#38; pass.),conquered Sn.1133 (bhava°); Nd<sup>2</sup> 21 (= atikkanta,vītivatta); J.V,84 (bhaya°); Miln.146,154.(Page 20),8,1
  2736. 82686,en,15,ativattar,ativattar,Ativattar,Ativattar,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.*ativartṛ,n.ag.to ati-vattati] one who overcomes or is to be overcome Sn.785 (svātivattā = durativattā duttarā duppatarā Nd<sup>1</sup> 76).(Page 21),9,1
  2737. 82687,en,15,ativattar,ativattar,Ativattar,Ativattar,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.*ativaktṛ,n.ag.to ati-vacati; cp.ativākya] one who insults or offends J.V,266 (isīnaṃ ativattāro = dharusavācāhi atikkamitvā vattāro C.).(Page 20),9,1
  2738. 82694,en,15,ativattati,ativattati,Ativattati,Ativattati,[ati + <em>vṛt</em>,Sk.ativartate] to pass,pass over,go beyond; to overcome,get over; conquer Vin.II,237 (samuddo velaṃ n’); S.II,92 (saṃsāraṃ); IV,158 (id.) It.9 (saṃsāraṃ) = A.II,10 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 172<sup>a</sup>; Th.1,412; J.I,58,280; IV,134; VI,113,114; PvA.276.-- pp.<i>ativatta</i> (q.v.).(Page 20),10,1
  2739. 82710,en,15,ativayati,ativāyati,Ativāyati,Ativāyati,[ati + vāyati] to fill (excessively) with an odour or perfume,to satiate,permeate,pervade Miln.333 (+ vāyati; cp.abhivāyati ibid 385).(Page 21),9,1
  2740. 82720,en,15,ativela,ativela,Ativela,Ativela,(adj.) [ati + vela] excessive (of time); nt.adv.<i>°ṃ</i> a very long time; excessively D.I,19 (= atikālaṃ aticiran ti attho DA.I,113); M.I,122; Sn.973 (see expl<sup>n.</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 504); J.III,103 = Nd<sup>1</sup> 504.(Page 21),7,1
  2741. 82744,en,15,ativetheti,ativeṭheti,Ativeṭheti,Ativeṭheti,[ati + <em>veṣṭ</em>,cp.Sk.abhiveṣṭate] to wrap over,to cover,to enclose; to press,oppress,stifle Vin.II,101; J.V,452 (-ativiya veṭheti piḷeti C.).(Page 21),10,1
  2742. 82755,en,15,ativijjhati,ativijjhati,Ativijjhati,Ativijjhati,[Sk.atividhyati,ati + <em>vyadh</em>] to pierce,to enter into (fig.),to see through,only in phrase <i>paññāya ativijjha </i>(ger.) <i>passati</i> to recognise in all details M.I,480; S.V,226; A.II,178.(Page 21),11,1
  2743. 82768,en,15,ativikala,ativikāla,Ativikāla,Ativikāla,(adj.) [ati + vikāla] at a very inconvenient time,much too late D I 108 (= suṭṭhu vikāla DA.I,277).(Page 21),9,1
  2744. 82783,en,15,ativisa,ativisā,Ativisā,Ativisā,(f.) [Sk.ativiṣā] N.of a plant Vin.I,201; IV,35.(Page 21),7,1
  2745. 82796,en,15,ativissasika,ativissāsika,Ativissāsika,Ativissāsika,(adj.) [ati + vissāsika] very,or too confidential J.I,86.(Page 21),12,1
  2746. 82798,en,15,ativissattha,ativissaṭṭha,Ativissaṭṭha,Ativissaṭṭha,(adj.) [ati + vissaṭṭha] too abundant,in °vākya one who talks too much,a chatterbox J.V,204.(Page 21),12,1
  2747. 82804,en,15,ativissuta,ativissuta,Ativissuta,Ativissuta,(adj.) [ati + vissuta] very famous,renowned Sdhp.473.(Page 21),10,1
  2748. 82823,en,15,ativiya,ativiya,Ativiya,Ativiya,(adv.) [Sk.atīva] = ati + iva,orig.“much-like" like an excess = excessive-ly.There are three forms of this expression,viz.(1) ati + iva in contraction <i>atīva</i> (q.v.); -- (2) ati + iva with epenthetic r:<i>atiriva</i> D.II,264 (v.l.SS.atīva); Sn.679,680,683; SnA 486; ‹-› (3) ati + viya (the doublet of iva) = <i>ativiya</i> J.I,61,263; DhA.II,71 (a.upakāra of great service); PvA.22,56,139.(Page 21),7,1
  2749. 82844,en,15,atiyacaka,atiyācaka,Atiyācaka,Atiyācaka,(adj.) [ati + yācaka] one who asks too much Vin.III,147.(Page 20),9,1
  2750. 82853,en,15,atiyacana,atiyācanā,Atiyācanā,Atiyācanā,(f.) [ati + yācanā] asking or begging too much Vin.III,147.(Page 20),9,1
  2751. 82860,en,15,atiyakkha,atiyakkha,Atiyakkha,Atiyakkha,(ati + yakkha] a sorcerer,wizard,fortuneteller J.VI,502 (C.:bhūtavijjā ikkhaṇīka).(Page 20),9,1
  2752. 82884,en,15,ato,ato,Ato,Ato,(adv.) [Sk.ataḥ] hence,now,therefore S.I,15; M.I,498; Miln.87; J.V,398 (= tato C.).(Page 22),3,1
  2753. 82899,en,15,atona,atoṇa,Atoṇa,Atoṇa,[etym.?) a class of jugglers or acrobats(?) Miln.191.(Page 22),5,1
  2754. 82908,en,15,atra,atra,Atra,Atra,(adv.) [Sk.atra] here; atra atra here &#38; there J.I,414 = IV.5 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of atriccha).(Page 25),4,1
  2755. 82920,en,15,atraja,atraja,Atraja,Atraja,(adj.) [Sk.*ātma-ja,corrupted form for attaja (see attā) through analogy with Sk.atra “here".This form occurs only in J and similar sources,i.e.popular lore] born from oneself,one’s own,appl.to sons,of which there are 4 kinds enum<sup>d.</sup>,viz.atraja khettaja,dinnaka,antevāsika p.Nd<sup>2</sup> 448.-- J.I,135; III,103 = Nd<sup>1</sup> 504; J.III,181; V,465; VI,20; Mhvs 4,12; 13,4; 36,57.(Page 25),6,1
  2756. 82935,en,15,atriccha,atriccha,Atriccha,Atriccha,(adj.) [the popular etym.suggested at JA.IV,4 is atra atra icchamāna desiring here &#38; there; but see atricchā] very covetous,greedy,wanting too much J.I,414 = IV.4; III,206.(Page 25),8,1
  2757. 82942,en,15,atriccha,atricchā,Atricchā,Atricchā,(f.) [Sk.*atṛptyā,a + <em>tṛpt</em> + yā,influenced by Desid.titṛpsati,so that atricchā phonetically rather corresponds to a form *a.-tṛpsyā (cch = psy,cp.P.chāta Sk.psāta).For the simple Sk.tṛpti see titti (from tappati<sup>2</sup>).According to Kern,but phonetically hardly justifiable it is Sk.atīccha = ati + icchā “too much desire",with r in dissolution of geminated tt,like atraja for attaja.See also atriccha adj.and cp.J.P.T.S.1884,69] great desire,greed,excessive longing,insatiability J.IV,5,327.(Page 25),8,1
  2758. 82954,en,15,atricchata,atricchatā,Atricchatā,Atricchatā,(f.) [see atricchā] excessive lust J.III,222.(Page 25),10,1
  2759. 82970,en,15,atta,aṭṭa,Aṭṭa,Aṭṭa,<sup>3</sup> [Sk.ārta,pp.of ardati,<em>ṛd</em> to dissolve,afflict etc.; cp.Sk.ārdra (= P.adda and alla); Gr.a)ρdw to moisten,a)ρda dirt.See also aṭṭīyati &#38; aṭṭita] distressed,tormented,afflicted; molested,plagued,hurt Sn.694 (+ vyasanagata; SnA 489 ātura); Th.2,439 (= aṭṭita ThA.270),441 (= pīḷita ThA.271); J.IV,293 (= ātura C.); Vv 80<sup>9</sup> (= attita upadduta VvA.311).Often --°:iṇaṭṭa oppressed by debt M.I,463; Miln.32; chāt° tormented by hunger VvA.76; vedan° afflicted by pain Vin.II,61; III,100; J.I,293; sūcik° (read for sūcikaṭṭha) pained by stitch Pv III,2<sup>3</sup>.<br><br> <i>--ssara</i> cry of distress Vin.III,105; S.II,255; J.I,265; II,117; Miln.357; PvA.285.(Page 15),4,1
  2760. 82971,en,15,atta,aṭṭa,Aṭṭa,Aṭṭa,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.artha,see also attha 5 b] lawsuit,case,cause Vin.IV,224; J.II,2,75; IV,129 (°ṃ vinicchināti to judge a cause),150 (°ṃ tīreti to see a suit through); VI,336.(Page 15),4,1
  2761. 82972,en,15,atta,aṭṭa,Aṭṭa,Aṭṭa,<sup>1</sup> [cp.see aṭṭaka] a platform to be used as a watchtower Vin.I,140; DA.I,209.(Page 15),4,1
  2762. 82996,en,15,atta,atta,Atta,Atta,<sup>3</sup> [Sk.akta,pp.of añjati] see upatta.(Page 22),4,1
  2763. 82997,en,15,atta,atta,Atta,Atta,<sup>2</sup> see attan.(Page 22),4,1
  2764. 82998,en,15,atta,atta,Atta,Atta,<sup>1</sup> [ā + d + ta; that is,pp.of ādadāti with the base form reduced to <i>d</i>.Idg *d-to; cp.Sk.ātta] that which has been taken up,assumed.<i>atta-daṇḍa</i>,he who has taken a stick in hand,a violent person,S.I,236; IV,117; Sn.630,935; Dh.406.<i>Attañjaha</i>,rejecting what had been assumed,Sn.790.Attaṃ pahāya Sn.800.The opp.is <i>niratta</i>,that which has not been assumed,has been thrown off,rejected.The Arahant has neither atta nor niratta (Sn.787,858,919),neither assumption nor rejection,he keeps an open mind on all speculative theories.See Nd I,82,90,107,352; II,271; SnA 523; DhA.IV,180 for the traditional exegesis.As legal t.t.<i>attādānaṃ ādīyati</i> is to take upon oneself the conduct,before the Chapter,of a legal point already raised.Vin.II,247 (quoted.V,91).(Page 22),4,1
  2765. 83261,en,15,attaka,aṭṭaka,Aṭṭaka,Aṭṭaka,[Demin.of aṭṭa<sup>1</sup>] a platform to be used as a watchhouse on piles,or in a tree Vin.I,173; II,416; III,322,372; DA.I,209.(Page 15),6,1
  2766. 83337,en,15,attala,aṭṭāla,Aṭṭāla,Aṭṭāla,[from aṭṭa] a watch-tower,a room at the top of a house,or above a gate (koṭṭhaka) Th.1,863; J.III,160; V,373; Miln.1,330; DhA.III,488.(Page 15),6,1
  2767. 83343,en,15,attalaka,aṭṭālaka,Aṭṭālaka,Aṭṭālaka,[Sk.aṭṭālaka] = aṭṭāla; J.II,94,220,224; VI,390,433; Miln.66,81.(Page 15),8,1
  2768. 83360,en,15,attamana,attamana,Attamana,Attamana,[atta<sup>1</sup> + mano,having an up raised mind.Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n.</sup> is saka-mano DA.I,255 = attā + mano.He applies the same expl<sup>n.</sup> to attamanatā (at Dhs.9,see Dhs.trsl.12) = attano manatā mentality of one’s self] delighted,pleased,enraptured D.I,3,90 (an°); II,14; A.III,337,343; IV,344; Sn.45 = Dh.328 (= upaṭṭhita-satt DhA.IV,29); Sn.995; Nd<sup>2</sup> 24 (= tuṭṭha-mano haṭṭha-mano etc.); Vv 1<sup>4</sup>; Pug.33 (an°); Miln.18; DA.I,52; DhA.I,89 (an°-dhātuka displeased); PvA.23,132; VvA.21 (where Dhpāla gives two expl<sup>ns</sup>,either tuṭṭhamano or sakamano).(Page 23),8,1
  2769. 83371,en,15,attamanata,attamanatā,Attamanatā,Attamanatā,(f.) [abstr.to prec.] satisfaction,joy,pleasure,transport of mind M.I,114; A.I,276; IV,62; Pug.18 (an°); Dhs.9,86,418 (an°); PvA.132; VvA.67 (an°).(Page 23),10,1
  2770. 83401,en,15,attan,attan,Attan,Attan,(m.) &#38; <i>atta</i> (the latter is the form used in comp<sup>n.</sup>) [Vedic ātman,not to Gr.a]νemos = Lat.animus,but to Gr.a)tmόs steam,Ohg.ātum breath,Ags.aepm].-- I.Inflection.(1) of attan- (n.stem); the foll.cases are the most freq.:Acc.<i>attānaṃ</i> D.I,13,185; S.I,24; Sn.132,451.-- Gen.Dat.<i>attano</i> Sn.334,592 etc.,also as Abl.A.III,337 (attano ca parato ca as regards himself and others).-- Instr.Abl.<i>attanā</i> S.I,24; Sn.132,451; DhA.II,75; PvA.15,214 etc.On use of attanā see below III,1 C.-- Loc.<i>attani</i> S.V,177; A.I,149 (attanī metri causa); II,52 (anattani); III,181; M.I,138; Sn.666,756,784; Vbh.376 (an°).-- (2) of atta- (a-stem) we find the foll.cases:Acc.<i>attaṃ</i> Dh.379.-- Instr.<i>attena</i> S.IV,54.-- Abl.<i>attato</i> S.I,188; Ps.I,143; II,48; Vbh.336.<br><br> Meanings.1.The soul as postulated in the animistic theories held in N India in the 6<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> cent.B.C.It is described in the Upanishads as a small creature,in shape like a man,dwelling in ordinary times in the heart.It escapes from the body in sleep or trance; when it returns to the body life and motion reappear.It escapes from the body at death,then continues to carry on an everlasting life of its own.For numerous other details see Rh.D.Theory of Soul in the Upanishads J R A S 1899.Bt.India 251--255.Buddhism repudiated all such theories,thus differing from other religions.Sixteen such theories about the soul D.I,31.Seven other theories D.I,34.Three others D.I,186/7.A “soul" according to general belief was some thing permanent,unchangeable,not affected by sorrow S.IV,54 = Kvu 67; Vin.I,14; M.I,138.See also M.I,233; III,265,271; S.II,17,109; III,135; A.I,284; II,164,171; V,188; S.IV,400.Cp.ātuman,tuma,puggala,jīva,satta,pāṇa and nāma-rūpa.<br><br> 2.Oneself,himself,yourself.Nom.<i>attā</i>,very rare.S.I,71,169; III,120; A.I,57,149 (you yourself know whether that is true or false.Cp.Manu VIII,84.Here attā comes very near to the European idea of conscience.But conscience as a unity or entity is not accepted by Buddhism) Sn.284; Dh.166,380; Miln.54 (the image,outward appearance,of oneself).Acc.<i>attānaṃ</i> S.I,44 (would not give for himself,as a slave) A.I,89; Sn.709.Acc.<i>attaṃ</i> Dh.379.Abl.<i>attato</i> as oneself S.I,188; Ps.I,143; II,48; Vbh.336.Loc.<i>attani</i> A.I,149; III,181; Sn.666,784.Instr.<i>attanā</i> S.I,57 = Dh.66; S.I,75; II,68; A.I,53; III,211; IV,405; Dh.165.On one’s own account,spontaneously S.IV,307; V,354; A.I,297; II,99,218; III,81; J.I,156; PvA.15,20.In composition with numerals <i>attadutiya</i> himself and one other D.II,147; °catuttha with himself as fourth M.I,393; A.III,36; °pañcama Dpvs VIII,2; °sattama J.I,233; °aṭṭhama VvA.149 (as atta-naṭṭhama Vv 34<sup>13</sup>), &#38; °aṭṭhamaka Miln.291.<br><br> <i>anattā</i> (n.and predicative adj.) not a soul,without a soul.Most freq.in comb<sup>n.</sup> with dukkha &#38; anicca -- (1) as noun:S.III,141 (°anupassin); IV,49; V,345 (°saññin); A.II,52 = Ps.II,80 (anattani anattā; opp.to anattani attā,the opinion of the micchādiṭṭhigatā sattā); Dh.279; Ps.II,37,45 sq.(°anupassanā),106 (yaṃ aniccañ ca dukkhañ ca taṃ anattā); DhA.III,406 (°lakkhaṇa).-- (2) as adj.(pred.):S.IV,152 sq.; S.IV,166; S.IV,130 sq.,148 sq.; Vin.I,13 = S.III,66 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 680 Q 1; S.III,20 sq.; 178 sq.,196 sq.; sabbe dhammā anattā Vin.V,86; S.III,133; IV,28,401.<br><br> <i>--attha</i> one’s own profit or interest Sn.75; Nd<sup>2</sup> 23; J.IV,56,96; otherwise as atta-d-attha,e.g.Sn.284.<i>--atthiya</i> looking after one’s own needs Th.1,1097.<i>--âdhipaka</i> master of oneself,self-mastered A.I,150.<i>--adhipateyya</i> selfdependence,self-reliance,independence A.I,147.<i>--âdhīna</i> independent D.I,72.<i>--ânudiṭṭhi</i> speculation about souls S.III,185; IV,148; A.III,447; Sn.1119; Ps.I,143; Vbh.368; Miln.146.<i>--ânuyogin</i> one who concentrates his attention on himself Dh.209; DhA.III,275.<i>--ânuvāda</i> blaming oneself A.II,121; Vbh.376.<i>--uññā</i> self-humiliation Vbh.353 (+ att-avaññā).<i>--uddesa</i> relation to oneself Vin.III,149 (= attano atthāya),also °ika ibid.144.<i>--kata</i> self-made S.I,134 (opp.para°).<i>--kāma</i> love of self A.II,21; adj.a lover of “soul",one who cares for his own soul S.I,75.<i>--kāra</i> individual self,fixed individuality,oneself (cp.ahaṅkāra) D.I,53 (opp.para°); A III 337 (id.) DA.I,160; as nt.at J.V,401 in the sense of service (self-doing",slavery) (attakārāni karonti bhattusu).<i>--kilamatha</i> self-mortification D.III,113; S.IV,330; V,421; M.III,230.<i>--garahin</i> self-censuring Sn.778.<i>--gutta</i> selfguarded Dh.379.<i>--gutti</i> watchfulness as regards one’s self,self-care A.II,72.<i>--ghañña</i> self-destruction Dh.164.<i>--ja</i> proceeding from oneself Dh.161 (pāpa).<i>--ñū</i> knowing oneself A.IV,113,cp.D.III,252.<i>--(n)tapa</i> self-mortifying,self-vexing D.III,232 = A.II,205 (opp.paran°); M.I,341,411; II,159; Pug.55,56.<i>--daṇḍa</i> see atta<sup>1</sup>.<i>--danta</i> selfrestrained,self-controlled Dh.104,322.<i>--diṭṭhi</i> speculation concerning the nature of the soul Nd<sup>1</sup> 107; SnA 523,527.<i>--dīpa</i> relying on oneself,independent,founded on oneself (+ attasaraṇa,opp.añña°) D.II,100 = III,42; S.V,154; Sn.501 (= attano guṇe eva attano dīpaṃ katvā SnA 416).<i>--paccakkha</i> only in Instr.°ena by or with his own presence,i.e.himself J.V,119.<i>--paccakkhika</i> eye-witness J.V,119.<i>--paccatthika</i> hostile to oneself Vin.II,94,96.<i>--paṭilābha</i> acquisition of a personality D.I,195 (tayo:oḷārika,manomaya,arūpa).<i>--paritāpana</i> self-chastisement,mortification D.III,232 = A.II,205; M.I,341; PvA.18,30.<i>--parittā</i> charm (protection) for oneself Vin.II,110.<i>--paribhava</i> disrespect for one’s own person Vbh.353.<i>--bhāva</i> one’s own nature (1) person,personality,individuality,living creature; form,appearance [cp.Dhs.trsl.LXXI and BSk.<i>ātmabhāva</i> body Divy 70,73 (°pratilambha),230; Sp.Av.Ś I,162 (pratilambha),167,171] Vin.II,238 (living beings,forms); S.V,442 (bodily appearance); A.I,279 (oḷārika a substantial creature); II,17 (creature); DhA.II,64,69 (appearance); SnA 132 (personality).-- (2) life,rebirth A.I,134 sq.; III,412; DhA.II,68; PvA.8,15,166 (atītā °ā former lives).°ṃ pavatteti to lead a life,to live PvA.29,181.Thus in cpd.<i>paṭilābha</i> assumption of an existence,becoming reborn as an individual Vin.II,185; III,105; D.III,231; M.III,46; S.II,255,272,283; III,144; A.II,159,188; III,122 sq.-- (3) character,quality of heart Sn.388 (= citta SnA 374); J.I,61.<i>--rūpa</i> “of the form of self",self-like only in Instr.°ena as adv.by oneself,on one’s own account,for the sake of oneself S.IV,97; A.II,120.<i>--vadha</i> self-destruction S.II,241; A.II,73.<i>--vāda</i> theory of (a persistent) soul D.III,230; M.I,66; D.II,58; S.II,3,245 sq.; III,103,165,203; IV,1 sq.,43 sq.,153 sq.; Ps.I,156 sq.; Vbh.136,375.For var.points of an “attavādic" doctrine see Index to Saṃyutta Nikāya.<i>--vyābādha</i> personal harm or distress self-suffering,one’s own disaster (opp.para°) M I 369; S.IV,339 = A.I,157; A.II,179.<i>--vetana</i> supporting oneself,earning one’s own living Sn.24.<i>--sañcetanā</i> self-perception,self-consciousness (opp.para°) D.III,231; A.II,159.<i>--sambhava</i> originating from one’s self S.I,70; A.IV,312; Dh.161 (pāpa); Th.1,260.<i>--sambhūta</i> arisen from oneself Sn.272.<i>--sammāpaṇidhi</i> thorough pursuit or development of one’s personality A.II,32; Sn.260,cp.KhA 132.<i>--saraṇa</i> see °dipa.<i>--sukha</i> happiness of oneself,self-success Dpvs I,66,cp.II,11.<i>--hita</i> personal welfare one’s own good (opp.para°) D.III,233; A.II,95 sq.<i>--hetu</i> for one’s own sake,out of self-consideration Sn.122; Dh.328.(Page 22),5,1
  2771. 83407,en,15,attana,aṭṭāna,Aṭṭāna,Aṭṭāna,at Vin.II,106 is obscure,should it not rather be read with Bdhgh as <i>aṭṭhāna</i>? (cp.Bdhgh on p.315).(Page 15),6,1
  2772. 83419,en,15,attana,attāṇa,Attāṇa,Attāṇa,(adj.) [a + tāṇa] without shelter or protection J.I,229; Miln.148,325; ThA.285.(Page 23),6,1
  2773. 83444,en,15,attaniya,attaniya,Attaniya,Attaniya,(adj.) [from attā] belonging to the soul,having a soul,of the nature of soul,soul-like; usually nt.anything of the nature of soul M.I,138 = Kvu 67; M.I,297; II,263; S.III,78 (yaṃ kho anattaniyaṃ whatever has no soul),127; IV,54 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 680 F; S.IV,82 = III,33 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 680 Q 3; S.IV,168; V,6; Nd<sup>2</sup> 680 D.Cp.Dhs.trsl.XXXV ff.(Page 23),8,1
  2774. 83817,en,15,attha,aṭṭha,Aṭṭha,Aṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> see attha.(Page 16),5,1
  2775. 83818,en,15,attha,aṭṭha,Aṭṭha,Aṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic aṣṭau,old dual,Idg.*octou,pointing to a system of counting by tetrads (see also nava); Av.ašta,Gr.o]ktw/,Lat.octo,Goth.ahtau = Ohg.ahto,Ger.acht,E.eight] num.card,eight,decl.like pl.of adj.in-a.A.The number in objective significance,based on natural phenomena:see cpds.°aṅgula,°nakha,°pada,°pāda.B.The number in subjective significance.-- (1) As mark of respectability and honour,based on the idea of the double square:(a) in meaning “a couple" aṭṭha matakukkuṭe aṭṭha jīva-k.gahetvā (with 8 dead &#38; 8 live cocks; eight instead of 2 because gift intended for a king) DhA.I,213.saṅghassa a salākabhattaṃ dāpesi VvA.75 = DhA.III,104.a.piṇḍapātāni adadaṃ Vv 34<sup>8</sup>.a.vattha-yugāni (a double pair as offering) PvA.232,a therā PvA.32.-- The highest respectability is expressed by 8 X 8 = 64,and in this sense is freq.applied to gifts,where the giver gives a higher potency of a pair (2<sup>3</sup>).Thus a “royal" gift goes under the name of <i>sabb-aṭṭhakaṃ</i> dānaṃ (8 elephants,8 horses,8 slaves etc.) where each of 8 constituents is presented in 8 exemplars DhA.II,45,46,71.In the same sense aṭṭh’aṭṭha kahāpaṇā (as gift) DhA.II,41; aṭṭh-aṭṭhakā dibbākaññā Vv 67<sup>3</sup> (= catusaṭṭhi VvA.290); aṭṭhaṭṭhaka Dpvs VI,56.Quite conspicuous is the meaning of a “couple" in the phrase satt-aṭṭha 7 or 8 = a couple,e.g.sattaṭṭha divasā,a weck or so J.I,86; J.II,101; VvA.264 (saṃvaccharā years).-- (b.) used as definite measure of quantity &#38; distance,where it also implies the respectability of the gift,8 being the lowest unit of items that may be given decently.Thus freq.as aṭṭha kahāpaṇā J.I,483; IV,138; VvA.76; Miln.291.-- In distances:a.karīsā DhA.II,80; IV,217; PvA.258; a.usabhā J.IV,142.‹-› (c.) in comb<sup>n.</sup> with 100 and 1000 it assumes the meaning of “a great many",hundreds,thousands.Thus <i>aṭṭha sataṃ</i> 800,Sn.227.As denotation of wealt (cp.below under 18 and 80):a-°sata-sahassa-vibhava DhA.IV,7.But aṭṭhasata at S.IV,232 means 108 (3 X 36),probably also at J.V,377.-- <i>aṭṭha sahassaṃ</i> 8000 J.V,39 (nāgā).The same meaning applies to <i>80</i> as well as to its use as unit in comb<sup>n.</sup> with any other decimal (18,28,38 etc.):(a) <i>80 (asīti)</i> a great many.Here belong the 80 smaller signs of a Mahāpurisa (see anuvyañjana),besides the 32 main signs (see dvattiṃsa) VvA.213 etc.Freq.as measure of riches,e.g.80 waggon loads Pv.II,7<sup>5</sup>; asīti-koṭivibhava DhA.III,129; PvA.196; asīti hatth’ubbedho rāsi (of gold) VvA.66,etc.See further references under asīti.-- (b) The foll.are examples of 8 with other decimals:<i>18 aṭṭhādasa</i> (only M.III,239:manopavicārā) &#38; <i>aṭṭhārasa</i> (this the later form) VvA.213 (avenika-buddhadhammā:Bhagavant’s qualities); as measure J.VI,432 (18 hands high,of a fence); of a great mass or multitue:aṭṭhārasa koṭiyo or °koṭi,18 koṭis J.I,92 (of gold),227; IV,378 (°dhana,riches); DhA.II,43 (of people); Miln.20 (id.); a.akkhohini-saṅkhāsenā J.VI,395.a.vatthū Vin.II,204.-- <i>28 aṭṭhavīsati</i> nakkhattāni Nd<sup>1</sup> 382; paṭisallāṇaguṇā Miln.140.-- <i>38 aṭṭhatiṃsā</i> Miln.359 (rājaparisā).-- <i>48 aṭṭhacattārīsaṃ</i> vassāni Sn.289.-- <i>68 aṭṭhasaṭṭhi</i> Th.1,1217 °sitā savitakkā,where id.p.at S.I,187 however reads atha saṭṭhi-tasitā vitakkā); J.I,64 (turiya-satasahassāni) ‹-› <i>98 aṭṭhanavuti</i> (cp.98 the age of Eli,1 Sam.IV.15) Sn.311 (rogā,a higher set than the original 3 diseases,cp.navuti).-- (2) As number of symmetry or of an intrinsic,harmonious,symmetrical set,aṭṭha denotes,like dasa (q.v.) a comprehensive unity.See esp.the cpds.for this application.<i>°aṃsa</i> and <i>°aṅgika</i>.Closely related to nos.2 and 4 aṭṭha is in the geometrical progression of 2.4.8.16.32.where each subsequent number shows a higher symmetry or involves a greater importance (cp.8 X 8 under 1 a) -- J.V,409 (a.maṅgalena samannāgata,of Indra’s chariot:with the 8 lucky signs); VvA.193 (aṭṭhahi akkhaṇehi vajjitaṃ manussabhāvaṃ:the 8 unlucky signs).In progression:J.IV,3 (aṭṭha petiyo,following after 4,then foll.by 8,16,32); PvA.75 (a.kapparukkhā at each point of the compass,32 in all).Further:8 expressions of bad language DhA.IV,3. <i>--aṃsa</i> with eight edges,octagonal,octahedral,implying perfect or divine symmetry (see above B.2),of a diamond D.I,76 = M.III,121 (maṇi veḷuriyo a.); Miln.282 (maṇiratanaṃ subhaṃ jātimantaṃ a.) of the pillars of a heavenly palace (Vimāna) J.VI,127 = 173 = Vv 78<sup>2</sup> (a.sukatā thambhā); Vv 84<sup>15</sup> (āyataṃsa = āyatā hutvā aṭṭha-soḷasadvattiṃsādi-aṃsavanto VvA.339).Of a ball of string Pv IV.3<sup>28</sup> (gulaparimaṇḍala,cp.PvA.254).Of geometrical figures in general Dhs.617.<i>--aṅga</i> (of) eight parts,eightfold,consisting of eight ingredients or constituents (see also next and above B 2 on significance of aṭṭha in this connection),in comp<sup>n.</sup> with °upeta characterised by the eight parts (i.e.the observance of the first eight of the commandments or vows,see sīla &#38; cp.aṅga 2),of <i>uposatha</i>,the fast-day A.I,215; Sn.402 (SnA.378 expl<sup>s.</sup> ekam pi divasaṃ apariccajanto aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ uposathaṃ upavassa); cp.aṭṭhaṅguposathin (adj.) Mhvs 36,84.In BSk.always in phrase aṣṭānga-samanvāgata upavāsa,e.g.Divy 398; Sp.Av.Ś I.338,399; also vrata Av.Ś I.170.In the same sense aṭṭhaṅgupeta <i>pāṭihāriyapakkha</i> (q.v.) Sn.402,where Vv 15<sup>6</sup> has °susamāgata (expl<sup>d.</sup> at VvA.72 by pānāṭipātā veramaṇī-ādīhi aṭṭhah’ aṅgehi samannāgata).°samannāgata endowed with the eight qualities (see aṅga 3),of rājā,a king D.I,137 sq.,of brahmassara,the supreme or most excellent voice (of the Buddha) D.II,211; J.I,95; VvA.217.Also in Buddh.Sk.aṣṭāngopeta svara of the voice of the Buddha,e.g.Sp.Av.Ś I.149.<i>--aṅgika</i> having eight constituents,being made up of eight (intrinsic) parts,embracing eight items (see above B 2); of the <i>uposatha</i> (as in prec.aṭṭhaṅg’uposatha) Sn.401; of the “Eightfold Noble Path" <i>(ariyo a</i>.<i> maggo)</i>.(Also in BSk.as aṣṭāṅgika mārga,e.g.Lal.Vist.540,cp.aṣṭāṅgamārgadeśika of the Buddha,Divy 124,265); D.I,156,157,165; M.I,118; It.18; Sn.1130 (magga uttama); Dh.191,273; Th.2,158,171; Kh IV.; Vin.I,10; Nd<sup>2</sup> 485; DA.I,313; DhA.III,402.<i>--aṅgula</i> eight finger-breadths thick,eight inches thick,i.e.very thick,of double thickness J.II,91 (in contrast to caturaṅgula); Mhvs 29,11 (with sattaṅgula).<i>--aḍḍha</i> (v.l.aḍḍhaṭṭha) half of eight,i.e.four (°pāda) J.VI,354,see also aḍḍha<sup>1</sup>.<i>--nakha</i> having eight nails or claws J.VI,354 (:ekekasmiṃ pāde dvinnaṃ dvinnaṃ khurānaṃ vasena C.).<i>--nava</i> eight or nine DhA.III,179.<i>--pada</i> 1.a chequered board for gambling or playing drafts etc.,lit.having eight squares,i.e.on each side (DA.I,85:ekekāya pantiyā aṭṭha aṭṭha padāni assā ti),cp.dasapada D.I,6.-- 2.eightfold,folded or plaited in eight,cross-plaited (of hair) Th.1,772 (aṭṭhāpada-katā kesā); J.II,5 (°ṭṭhapana = cross-plaiting).<i>--padaka</i> a small square (1/8),i.e.a patch Vin.I,297; II,150.<i>--pāda</i> an octopod,a kind of (fabulous) spider (or deer?) J.V,377; VI,538; cp.Sk.aṣṭapāda = śarabha a fabulous eight-legged animal.<i>--maṅgala</i> having eight anspicious signs J.V,409 (expl<sup>d.</sup> here to mean a horse with white hair on the face,tail,mane,and breast,and above each of the four hoofs).<i>--vaṅka</i> with eight facets,lit.eight-crooked,i.e.polished on eight sides,of a jewel J.VI,388.<i>--vidha</i> eightfold Dhs.219.(Page 15),5,1
  2776. 83844,en,15,attha,attha,Attha,Attha,<sup>3</sup> pres.2<sup>nd</sup> pl.of atthi (q.v.).(Page 24),5,1
  2777. 83845,en,15,attha,attha,Attha,Attha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Vedic asta,of uncertain etym.] home,primarily as place of rest &#38; shelter,but in P.phraseology abstracted from the “going home",i.e.setting of the sun,as disappearance,going out of existence,annihilation,extinction.Only in Acc.and as °- in foll phrases:<i>atthaṅgacchati</i> to disappear,to go out of existence,to vanish Dh.226 (= vināsaṃ natthibhāvaṃ gacchati DhA.III,324),384 (= parikkhayaṃ gacchati); pp.<i>atthaṅgata</i> gone home,gone to rest,gone,disappeared; of the sun (= set):J.I,175 (atthaṅgate suriye at sunset); PvA.55 (id.) 216 (anatthaṅgate s.before sunset) fig.Sn.472 (atthagata).475 (id.); 1075 (= niruddha ucchinṇa vinaṭṭha anupādi-sesāya nibbāna-dhātuyā nibbuta); It.58; Dhs.1038; Vbh.195.<i>--atthagatatta</i> (nt.abstr.) disappearance SnA 409.<i>--atthaṅgama</i> (atthagama passim) annihilation,disappearance; opposed to samudaya (coming into existence) and synonymous with nirodha (destruction) D.I,34,37,183; S.IV,327; A.III,326; Ps.II,4,6,39; Pug.52; Dhs.165,265,501,579; Vbh.105.<i>--atthagamana</i> (nt.) setting (of the sun) J.I,101 (suriyass’atthagamanā at sunset) DA.I,95 (= ogamana).-- <i>attha-gāmin</i>,in phrase uday’atthagāmin leading to birth and death (of paññā):see udaya.<i>--atthaṃ paleti</i> = atthaṅgacchati (fig.) Sn.1074 (= atthaṅgameti nirujjhati Nd<sup>2</sup> 28).-- Also <i>atthamita</i> (pp.of <i>i</i>) set (of the sun) in phrase anatthamite suriye before sunset (with anatthaṅgamite as v.l.at both pass.) DhA.I,86; III,127.-- Cp.also abbhattha.(Page 24),5,1
  2778. 83846,en,15,attha,attha,Attha,Attha,<sup>1</sup> (also <i>aṭṭha</i>,esp.in comb<sup>ns</sup> mentioned under 3) (m. &#38; nt.) [Vedic artha from <i>ṛ</i>,arti &#38; ṛṇoti to reach,attain or to proceed (to or from),thus originally result (or cause),profit,attainment.Cp.semantically Fr.chose,Lat.causa] 1.interest,advantage,gain; (moral) good,blessing,welfare; profit,prosperity,well-being M.I,111 (atthassa ninnetar,of the Buddha,bringer of good); S.IV,94 (id.); S.I,34 (attano a.one’s own welfare),55 (id.) 86,102,126 = A.II,46 (atthassa patti); S.I,162 (attano ca parassa ca); II,222 (id.); IV,347 (°ṃ bhañjati destroy the good or welfare,always with musāvādena by lying,cp.attha-bhañjanaka); A.I,61 (°ṃ anubhoti to fare well,to have a (good) result); III,364 (samparāyika a.profit in the future life); A.V,223 sq.(anattho ca attho ca detriment &#38; profit); It.44 (v.l.attā better); Sn.37,58 (= Nd<sup>2</sup> 26,where the six kinds of advantages are enum<sup>d.</sup> as att° par° ubhay°,i.e.advantage,resulting for oneself,for others,for both; diṭṭhadhammik° samparāyik° param° gain for this life,for a future life,and highest gain of all,i.e.Arahantship); Sn.331 (ko attho supitena what good is it to sleep = na hi sakkā supantena koci attho papuṇituṃ SnA 338; cp.ko attho supinena te Pv.II,6<sup>1</sup>); PvA.30 (atthaṃ sādheti does good,results in good,69 (samparāyikena atthena).-- Dat.<i>atthāya</i> for the good,for the benefit of (Gen.); to advantage,often eomb<sup>d.</sup> with hitāya sukhāya,e.g.D.III,211 sq.; It.79.-- Kh VIII,1 (to my benefit); Pv.I,4<sup>3</sup> (= upakārāya PvA.18),II,12<sup>9</sup> (to great advantage).See also below 6.<br><br> Sometimes in a more concrete meaning = riches,wealth,e.g.J.I,256 (= vaḍḍhiṃ C.); III,394 (id.); Pv IV.1<sup>4</sup> (= dhanaṃ PvA.219).-- Often as --°:<i>att°</i>,one’s own wellfare,usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>par°</i> and <i>ubhay°</i> (see above) S.II,29; V,121; A.I,158,216; III,63 sq.; IV,134; Sn.75 (att-aṭṭha,v.l.attha Nd<sup>2</sup>),284 (atta-d-attha); <i>uttam°</i> the highest gain,the very best thing Dh.386 (= arahatta DhA.IV,142); Sn.324 (= arahatta SnA 332); <i>param°</i> id.Nd<sup>2</sup> 26; <i>sad°</i> one’s own weal D.II,141; M.I,4; S.II,29; V,145; A.I,144; <i>sāttha</i> (adj.) connected with advantage,beneficial,profitable (of the Dhamma; or should we take it as “with the meaning,in spirit"? see sāttha) D.I,62; S.V,352; A.II,147; III,152; Nd<sup>2</sup> 316.-- 2.need,want (c.Instr.),use (for = Instr.) S.I,37 (°jāta when need has arisen,in need); J.I,254; III,126,281; IV,1; DhA.I,398 (n’atthi eteh’attho I have no use for them); VvA.250; PvA.24 (yāvadattha,adj.as much as is needed,sufficient = anappaka).-- 3.sense,meaning,import (of a word),denotation,signification.In this application attha is always spelt <i>aṭṭha</i> in cpds.aṭṭh-uppatti and aṭṭha-kathā (see below).On term see also Cpd.4.-- S.III,93 (atthaṃ vibhajati explain the sense); A.I,23 (id.),60 (nīt° primary meaning,literal meaning; neyy° secondary or inferred meaning); II,189 (°ṃ ācikkhati to interpret); Sn.126 (°ṃ pucchita asked the (correct) sense,the lit.meaning),251 (°ṃ akkhāti); Th.1,374; attho paramo the highest sense,the ultimate sense or intrinsic meaning It.98,cp.Cpd.6,81,223; Miln.28 (paramatthato in the absolute sense); Miln.18 (atthato according to its meaning,opp.vyañjanato by letter,orthographically); DhA.II,82; III,175; KhA 81 (pad° meaning of a word); SnA 91 (id.); PvA.15 (°ṃ vadati to explain,interpret),16,19 (hitatthadhammatā “fitness of the best sense",i.e.practical application),71.Very frequent in Commentary style at the conclusion of an explained passage as <i>ti attho</i> “this is the meaning",thus it is meant,this is the sense,e.g.DA.I,65; DhA.IV,140,141; PvA.33,etc.--<i>4</i>.Contrasted with <i>dhamma</i> in the comb<sup>n.</sup> attho ca dhammo ca it (attha) refers to the (primary,natural) meaning of the word,while dhamma relates to the (interpreted) meaning of the text,to its bearing on the norm and conduct; or one might say they represent the theoretical and practical side of the text (pāḷi) to be discussed,the “letter" and the “spirit".Thus at A.I,69; V,222,254; Sn.326 (= bhāsitatthañ ca pāḷidhammañ ca SnA 333); It.84 (duṭṭho atthaṃ na jānāti dhammaṃ na passati:he realises neither the meaning nor the importance); Dh.363 (= bhāsitatthañ c’eva desanādhammañ ca); J.II,353; VI,368; Nd<sup>2</sup> 386 (meaning &#38; proper nature); Pv III,9<sup>6</sup> (but expl<sup>d.</sup> by PvA.211 as hita = benefit,good,thus referring it to above 1).For the same use see cpds.°dhamma,°paṭisambhidā,esp.in adv.use (see under 6) Sn.430 (yen’atthena for which purpose),508 (kena atthena v.l.BB for T attanā),J.I,411 (atthaṃ vā kāraṇaṃ vā reason and cause); DhA.II,95 (+ kāraṇa(; PvA.11 (ayaṃ h’ettha attho this is the reason why).-- 5.(in very wide application,covering the same ground as Lat.res &#38; Fr.chose):(a) matter,affair,thing,often untranslatable and simply to be given as “this" or “that" S.II,36 (ekena-padena sabbo attho vutto the whole matter is said with one word); J.I,151 (taṃ atthaṃ the matter); II,160 (imaṃ a.this); VI,289 (taṃ atthaṃ pakāsento); PvA.6 (taṃ atthaṃ pucchi asked it),11 (visajjeti explains it),29 (vuttaṃ atthaṃ what had been said),82 (id.).-- (b) affair,cause,case (cp.aṭṭa<sup>2</sup> and Lat.causa) Dh.256,331; Miln.47 (kassa atthaṃ dhāresi whose cause do you support,with whom do you agree?).See also <i>alamattha</i>.-- 6.Adv.use of oblique cases in the sense of a prep.:(a) Dat.<i>atthāya</i> for the sake of,in order to,for J.I,254 dhan’atthāya for wealth,kim° what for,why?),279; II,133; III,54; DhA.II,82; PvA.55,75,78.-- (b) Acc.<i>atthaṃ</i> on account of,in order to,often instead of an infinitive or with another inf.substitute J.I,279 (kim°); III,53 (id.); I,253; II,128; Dpvs VI,79; DhA.I,397; PvA.32 (dassan° in order to see),78,167,etc.-- (c) Abl.<i>atthā</i> J.III,518 (pitu atthā = atthāya C.).-- (d) Loc.<i>atthe</i> instead of,for VvA.10; PvA.33; etc.<br><br> <i>anattha</i> (m. &#38; nt.) 1.unprofitable situation or condition,mischief,harm,misery,misfortune S.I,103; II,196 (anatthāya saṃvattati); A.IV,96 (°ṃ adhipajjati) It.84 (°janano doso ill-will brings discomfort); J.I,63,196; Pug.37; Dhs.1060,1231; Sdhp.87; DA.I,52 (anatthajanano kodho,cp.It.83 and Nd<sup>2</sup> 420 Q<sup>2</sup>); DhA.II,73; PvA.13,61,114,199.-- 2.(= attha 3) incorrect sense,false meaning,as adj.senseless (and therefore unprofitable,no good,irrelevant) A.V,222,254 (adhammo ca); Dh.100 (= aniyyānad°īpaka DhA.II,208); Sn.126 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at SnA 180 as ahitaṃ).<br><br> <i>--akkhāyin</i> showing what is profitable D.III,187.<i>--attha</i> riches J.VI,290 (= atthabhūtaṃ atthaṃ C.).<i>--antara</i> difference between the (two) meanings Miln.158.At Th.1,374,Oldenberg’s reading,but the v.l.(also C.reading) atthandhara is much better = he who knows the (correct) meaning,esp.as it corresponds with dhamma-dhara (q.v.).<i>--abhisamaya</i> grasp of the proficient S.I,87 (see abhisamaya).<i>--uddhāra</i> synopsis or abstract of contents (“matter") of the Vinaya Dpvs.V,37.<i>--upaparikkhā</i> investigation of meaning,(+ dhamma-savanna) M.III,175; A.III,381 sq.; IV,221; V,126.<i>--uppatti</i> (aṭṭh°) sense,meaning,explanation,interpretation J.I,89; DA.I,242; KhA 216; VvA.197,203 (cp.pāḷito) PvA.2,6,78; etc.<i>--kāma</i> (adj.) (a) well-wishing,a well-wisher,friend,one who is interested in the welfare of others (cp.Sk.arthakāma,e.g.Bhagavadgīta II,5:gurūn arthakāman) S.I,140,197,201 sq.; A.III,143; D.III,164 (bahuno janassa a.,+ hitakāmo); J.I,241; Pv IV.3<sup>51</sup>; Pv A 25; SnA 287 (an°).‹-› (b) one who is interested in his own gain or good,either in good or bad sense (= greedy) S.I,44; PvA.112.‹-› <i>--kathā</i> (aṭṭha°) exposition of the sense,explanation,commentary J.V,38,170; PvA.1,71,etc.freq.in N.of Com.<i>--kara</i> beneficial,useful Vin.III,149; Miln.321.<i>--karaṇa</i> the business of trying a case,holding court,giving judgment (v.l.aṭṭa°) D.II,20; S.I,74 (judgment hall?).<i>--kavi</i> a didactic poet (see kavi) A.II,230.<i>--kāmin</i> = °kāma,well-wishing Sn.986 (devatā atthakāminī).<i>--kāraṇā</i> (Abl.) for the sake of gain D.III,186.<i>--kusala</i> clever in finding out what is good or profitable Sn.143 (= atthacheka KhA 236).<i>--cara</i> doing good,busy in the interest of others,obliging S.I,23 (narānaṃ = “working out man’s salvation").<i>--caraka</i> (adj.) one who devotes himself to being useful to others,doing good,one who renders service to others,e.g.an attendant,messenger,agent etc.D.I,107 (= hitakāraka DA.I,276); J.II,87; III,326; IV,230; VI,369.<i>--cariyā</i> useful conduct or behaviour D.III,152,190,232; A.II,32,248; IV,219,364.<i>--ñu</i> one who knows what is useful or who knows the (plain or correct) meaning of something (+ dhammaññū) D.III,252; A.III,148; IV,113 sq.<i>--dassin</i> intent upon the (moral) good Sn.385 (= hitânupassin SnA 373).<i>--dassimant</i> one who examines a cause (cp.Sk.arthadarśika) J.VI,286 (but expl<sup>d.</sup> by C.as “saṇha-sukhuma-pañña" of deep insight,one who has a fine and minute knowledge).<i>--desanā</i> interpretation,exegesis Miln.21 (dhamm°).<i>--dhamma</i> “reason and morality",see above n<sup>0</sup>.3.°anusāsaka one who advises regarding the meaning and application of the Law,a professor of moral philosophy J.II,105; DhA.II,71.<i>--pada</i> a profitable saying,a word of good sense,text,motto A.II,189; III,356; Dh.100.<i>--paṭisambhidā</i> knowledge of the meaning (of words) comb<sup>d.</sup> with dhamma° of the text or spirit (see above n<sup>0</sup>.3) Ps.I,132; II,150; Vbh.293 sq.<i>--paṭisaṃvedin</i> experiencing good D.III,241 (+ dhamma°); A.I,151; III,21.<i>--baddha</i> expecting some good from (c.Loc.) Sn.382.<i>--bhañjanaka</i> breaking the welfare of,hurting DhA.III,356 (paresaṃ of others,by means of telling lies,musāvādena).<i>--majjha</i> of beautiful waist J.V,170 (= sumajjhā C.; reading must be faulty,there is hardly any connection with attha; v.l.atta).<i>--rasa</i> sweetness (or substance,essence) of meaning (+ dhamma°,vimutti°) Nd<sup>2</sup> 466; Ps.II,88,89.<i>--vasa</i> “dependence on the sense",reasonableness,reason,consequence,cause D.II,285; M.I,464; II,120; III,150; S.II,202; III,93; IV,303; V,224; A.I,61,77,98; II,240; III,72,169,237; Dh.289 (= kāraṇa DhA.III,435); It.89; Sn.297; Ud.14.<i>--vasika</i> sensible It.89; Miln.406.<i>--vasin</i> bent on (one’s) aim or purpose Th.1,539.<i>--vādin</i> one who speaks good,i.e.whose words are doing good or who speaks only useful speech,always in comb<sup>n.</sup> with kāla° bhūta° dhamma° D.I,4; III,175; A.I,204; II,22,209; Pug.58; DA.I,76 (expl<sup>d.</sup> as “one who speaks for the sake of reaping blessings here and hereafter").<i>--saṃvaṇṇanā</i> explanation,exegesis PvA.1.<i>--saṃhita</i> connected with good,bringing good,profitable,useful,salutary D.I,189; S.II,223; IV,330; V,417; A.III,196 sq.,244; Sn.722 (= hitena saṃhitaṃ SnA 500); Pug.58.<i>--sandassana</i> determination of meaning,definition Ps.I,105.<i>--siddhi</i> profit,advantage,benefit J.I,402; PvA.63.(Page 23),5,1
  2779. 84128,en,15,atthaka,aṭṭhaka,Aṭṭhaka,Aṭṭhaka,(adj.) [Sk.aṣṭaka] -- 1.eightfold Vin.I,196 = Ud.59 (°vaggikāni); VvA.75 = DhA.III,104 (°bhatta).-- 2.°ā (f.) the eight day of the lunar month (cp.aṭṭhamī),in phrase <i>rattīsu antar</i>’<i>aṭṭhakāsu</i> in the nights between the eighths,i.e.the 8<sup>th</sup> day before and after the full moon Vin.I,31,288 (see Vin Texst I.130<sup>n</sup>); M.I,79; A.I,136; Miln.396; J.I,390.-- 3.°ṃ (nt.) an octad Vv 67<sup>2</sup> (aṭṭh° eight octads = 64); VvA.289,290.On sabbaṭṭhaka see aṭṭha B 1 a.See also antara.(Page 16),7,1
  2780. 84347,en,15,atthama,aṭṭhama,Aṭṭhama,Aṭṭhama,(num.ord.) [Sk.aṣṭama,see aṭṭha<sup>1</sup>] the eighth Sn.107,230 (cp.KhA 187),437.-- f.°ī the eighth day of the lunar half month (cp.aṭṭhakā) A.I,144; Sn.402; Vv 16<sup>6</sup> (in all three pass.as pakkhassa cātuddasī pañcadasī ca aṭṭhamī); A.I,142; Sn.570 (ito atthami,scil.divase,Loc.).(Page 16),7,1
  2781. 84366,en,15,atthamaka,aṭṭhamaka,Aṭṭhamaka,Aṭṭhamaka,= aṭṭhama the eighth.-- 1.lit.Miln.291 (att° self-eighth).-- 2.as tt.the eighth of eight persons who strive after the highest perfection,reckoned from the first or Arahant.Hence the eighth is he who stands on the lowest step of the Path and is called a sotāpanna (q.v.) Kvu 243--251 (cp.Kvu trsl.146 sq.); Nett 19,49,50; Ps.II,193 (+ sotāpanna).(Page 16),9,1
  2782. 84427,en,15,atthana,aṭṭhāna,Aṭṭhāna,Aṭṭhāna,(nt.) [ā + ṭṭhāna] stand,post; name of the rubbing-post which,well cut &#38; with incised rows of squares,was let into the ground of a bathing-place,serving as a rubber to people bathing Vin.II,105,106 (read aṭṭhāne with BB; cp.Vin.II,315).(Page 16),7,1
  2783. 84888,en,15,atthara,atthara,Atthara,Atthara,[fr.attharati] a rug (for horses,elephants etc.) D.I,7.(Page 24),7,1
  2784. 84899,en,15,atthara,atthāra,Atthāra,Atthāra,[cp.Sk.āstāra,fr.attharati] spreading out Vin.V,172 (see kaṭhina).<i>atthāraka</i> same ibid.; Vin.II,87 (covering).(Page 25),7,1
  2785. 84909,en,15,attharaka,attharaka,Attharaka,Attharaka,[= atthara] a covering J.I,9; DA.I,87.-- f.<i>°ikā</i> a layer J.I,9; V,280.(Page 24),9,1
  2786. 84929,en,15,attharana,attharaṇa,Attharaṇa,Attharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.attharati] a covering,carpet,cover,rug Vin.II,291; A.II,56; III,53; Mhvs 3,20; 15,40; 25,102; ThA.22.(Page 24),9,1
  2787. 85026,en,15,attharati,attharati,Attharati,Attharati,[ā + <em>stṛ</em>] to spread,to cover,to spread out; stretch,lay out Vin.I,254; V,172; J.I,199; V,113; VI,428; Dh.I,272.-- pp.<i>atthata</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>attharāpeti</i> to caused to be spread J.V,110; Mhvs 3,20; 29,7; 34,69.(Page 24),9,1
  2788. 85217,en,15,atthata,atthata,Atthata,Atthata,[pp.of attharati] spread,covered,spread over with (-°) Vin.I,265; IV,287; V,172 (also °an); A.III,50; PvA.141.(Page 24),7,1
  2789. 85244,en,15,atthatta,atthatta,Atthatta,Atthatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.attha<sup>1</sup>] reason,cause; only in Abl.atthattā according to the sense,by reason of,on account of PvA.189 (-°).(Page 24),8,1
  2790. 85308,en,15,atthavant,atthavant,Atthavant,Atthavant,(adj.) [cp.Sk.arthavant] full of benefit S.I,30; Th.1,740; Miln.172.(Page 25),9,1
  2791. 85458,en,15,atthi°,aṭṭhi°,Aṭṭhi°,Aṭṭhi°,<sup>1</sup> [= attha (aṭṭha) in comp<sup>n.</sup> with <em>kar</em><i> </i>&<em> bhū</em>,as freq.in Sk.and P.with i for a,like citti-kata (for citta°),aṅgi-bhūta (for aṅga°); cp.the freq.comb<sup>n.</sup> (with similar meaning) manasi-kata (besides manasā-k.),also upadhikaroti and others.This comb<sup>n.</sup> is restricted to the pp and der.(°kata &#38; °katvā).Other expl<sup>ns.</sup> by Morris J.P.T.S.1886,107; Windisch,M. &#38; B.100],in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>katvā:</i> to make something one’s attha,i.e.object,to find out the essence or profitableness or value of anything,to recognise the nature of,to realise,understand,know.Nearly always in stock phrase <i>aṭṭhikatvā manasikatvā</i> D.II,204; M.I,325,445; S.I,112 sq.= 189,220; V,76; A.II,116; III,163; J.I,189; V,151 (:attano atthikabhāvaṃ katvā atthiko hutvā sakkaccaṃ suṇeyya C.); Ud.80 (:adhikicca,ayaṃ no attho adhigantabbo evaṃ sallakkhetvā tāya desanāya atthikā hutvā C.); Sdhp.220 (°katvāna).(Page 16),6,1
  2792. 85459,en,15,atthi,aṭṭhi,Aṭṭhi,Aṭṭhi,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Sk.asthi = Av.asti,Gr.o]ζteon,o]ζtrakon,a]strάgalos; Lat.os (*oss); also Gr.o]/zos branch Goth.asts] ‹-› 1.a bone A.I,50; IV,129; Sn.194 (°nahāru bones &#38; tendons); Dh.149,150; J.I,70; III,26,184; VI,448 (°vedhin); DhA.III,109 (300 bones of the human body,as also at Suśruta III,5); KhA 49; PvA.68 (°camma-nahāru),215 (gosīs°); Sdhp.46,103.-- 2.the stone of a fruit J.II,104.<br><br> <i>--kaṅkala</i> [Sk.°kaṅkāla] a skeleton M.I,364; cp.°saṅkhalika.<i>--kadali</i> a special kind of the plantain tree (Musa Sapientum) J.V,406.<i>--kalyāṇa</i> beauty of bones DhA.I,387.<i>--camma</i> bones and skin J.II,339; DhA.III,43; PvA.68 <i>--taca</i> id.J.II,295.<i>--maya</i> made of bone Vin.II,115.<i>--miñjā</i> marrow A.IV,129; DhA.I,181; III,361; KhA 52.<i>--yaka</i> (T.aṭṭhīyaka) bones &#38; liver S.I,206.<i>--saṅkhalikā</i> [B.Sk.°śakalā Sp.Av.Ś I.274 sq.,see also aṭṭhika°] a chain of bones,i.e.a skeleton DhA.III,479; PvA.152.<i>--saṅghāṭa</i> conjunction of bones,i.e.skeleton Vism.21; DhA.II,28; PvA.206.<i>--sañcaya</i> a heap of bones It.17 = Bdhd 87.<i>--saññā</i> the idea of bones (cp.aṭṭhika°) Th.1,18.<i>--saṇṭhāna</i> a skeleton Sdhp.101.(Page 16),5,1
  2793. 85471,en,15,atthi,atthi,Atthi,Atthi,[Sk.asti,1<sup>st</sup> sg.asmi; Gr.ei]mi/--e]sti/; Lat.sum-est; Goth.im-ist; Ags.eom-is E.am-is] to be,to exist.‹-› Pres.Ind.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>asmi</i> Sn.1120,1143; J.I,151; III,55,and <i>amhi</i> M.I,429; Sn.694; J.II,153; Pv.I,10<sup>2</sup>; II,8<sup>2</sup>.‹-› 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>asi</i> Sn.420; J.II,160 (‘si); III,278; Vv 32<sup>4</sup>; PvA.4.-- 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>atthi</i> Sn.377,672,884; J.I,278.Often used for 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.(= santi),e.g.J.I,280; II,2; III,55.-- 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>asma</i> [Sk.smaḥ] Sn.594,595; asmase Sn.595,and <i>amha</i> Sn.570; J.II,128.2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>attha</i> J.II,128; PvA.39,74 (āgat’attha you have come).‹-› 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>santi</i> Sn.1077; Nd<sup>2</sup> 637 (= saṃvijjanti atthi upalabbhanti); J.II,353; PvA.7,22 -- Imper.<i>atthu</i> Sn.340; J.I,59; III,26.-- Pot.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>siyā</i> [Sk.syām] Pv.II,8<sup>8</sup>,and <i>assaṃ</i> [Cond.used as Pot.] Sn.1120; Pv.I,12<sup>5</sup> (= bhaveyyaṃ PvA.64).-- 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>siyā</i> [Sk.syāḥ] Pv.II,8<sup>7</sup>.-- 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>siyā</i> [Sk.syāt] D.II,154; Sn.325,1092; Nd<sup>2</sup> 105 (= jāneyya,nibbatteyya); J.I,262; PvA.13,and <i>assa</i> D.I,135,196; II,154; A.V,194; Sn.49,143; Dh.124,260; Pv.II,3<sup>24</sup>; 9<sup>24</sup>.-- 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>assu</i> PvA.27.‹-› 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>assu</i> [cp.Sk.syuḥ] Sn.532; Dh.74; Pv IV.1<sup>36</sup> (= bhaveyyuṃ PvA.231).-- Aor.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>āsiṃ</i> [Sk.āsaṃ] Sn.284; Pv.I,2<sup>1</sup> (= ahosiṃ PvA.10); II,3<sup>4</sup> (= ahosiṃ PvA.83).-- 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>āsi</i> [Sk.āsīt] Sn.994.-- 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>āsuṃ</i> [cp.Sk.Perf.āsuḥ] Pv.II,3<sup>21</sup>,13<sup>3</sup> (ti pi pāṭho for su).‹-› Ppr.<i>*sat</i> only in Loc.<i>sati</i> (as Loc.abs.) Dh.146; J.I,150,263,<i>santa</i> Sn.105; Nd<sup>2</sup> 635; J.I,150 (Loc.evaṃ sante in this case); III,26,and <i>samāna</i> (q.v.) J.I,266; IV,138.<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> state of being,existence,being J.I,222,290; II,415; DhA.II,5; IV,217 (atthibhāva vā natthibhāva vā whether there is or not).(Page 25),5,1
  2794. 85526,en,15,atthika,aṭṭhika,Aṭṭhika,Aṭṭhika,<sup>2</sup> at PvA.180 (sūcik°) to be read aṭṭita (q.v.) for aṭṭika.(Page 16),7,1
  2795. 85527,en,15,atthika,aṭṭhika,Aṭṭhika,Aṭṭhika,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.aṭṭhi] 1.= aṭṭhi 1 a bone M.III,92; J.I,265,428; VI,404; PvA.41.-- 2 = aṭṭhi 2 kernel,stone DhA.II,53 (tāl°); Mhvs 15,42.<br><br> <i>--saṅkhalikā</i> a chain of bones,a skeleton A.III,324 see also under kaṭaṭṭhika.<i>--saññā</i> the idea of a skeleton S.V,129 sq.; A.II,17; Dhs.264.(Page 16),7,1
  2796. 85537,en,15,atthika,atthika,Atthika,Atthika,(adj.) [cp.Sk.arthika] 1.(to attha<sup>1</sup>) profitable,good,proper.In this meaning the MSS show a variance of spelling either <i>atthika</i> or <i>aṭṭhika</i> or <i>aṭṭhita;</i> in all cases atthika should be preferred D.I,55 (°vāda); M.II,212 (aṭṭhita); A.III,219 sq.(idaṃ atthikaṃ this is suitable,of good avail; T aṭṭhitaṃ,vv.ll.as above); Sn.1058 (aṭṭhita; Nd<sup>2</sup> 20 also aṭṭhita,which at this pass.shows a confusion between aṭṭha and a-ṭhita); J.V,151 (in def.of aṭṭhikatvā q.v.); Pug.69,70 (T aṭṭhika,aṭṭhita SS; expl<sup>d.</sup> by Pug.A.V,4 by kalyāṇāya).-- 2.(to attha<sup>1</sup> 2) desirous of (-°),wanting,seeking for,in need of (c.Instr.) A.II,199 (uday° desirous of increase); Sn.333,460,487 (puññ°),987 (dhan° greedy for wealth); J.I,263 (rajj° coveting a kingdom); V,19; Pv.II,2<sup>28</sup> (bhojan° in need of food); IV,1<sup>1</sup> (kāraṇ°),1<sup>21</sup> (khiḍḍ° for play),1<sup>63</sup> (puññ°); PvA.95 (sasena a.wanting a rabbit),120; DA.I,70 (atthikā those who like to).<i>--anatthika</i> one who does not care for,or is not satisfied with (c.Instr.) J.V,460; PvA.20; of no good Th.1,956 (“of little zeal" Mrs.Rh.D.).<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> (a) usefulness,profitableness Pug.A.V,4.(b) state of need,distress PvA.120.(Page 25),7,1
  2797. 85616,en,15,atthikavant,atthikavant,Atthikavant,Atthikavant,(adj.) [atthika + vant] one who wants something,one who is on a certain errand D.I,90 (atthikaṃ assa atthī ti DA.I,255).(Page 25),11,1
  2798. 85640,en,15,atthilla,aṭṭhilla,Aṭṭhilla,Aṭṭhilla,at Vin.II,266 is expl<sup>d.</sup> by Bdhgh on p.327 by gojaṅghaṭṭika,perhaps more likely = Sk.aṣṭhīlā a round pebble or stone.(Page 16),8,1
  2799. 85669,en,15,atthin,atthin,Atthin,Atthin,(adj.) (-°) [Vedic arthin] desirous,wanting anything; see mant°,vād°.(Page 25),6,1
  2800. 85772,en,15,atthita,aṭṭhita,Aṭṭhita,Aṭṭhita,<sup>3</sup> see atthika.(Page 16),7,1
  2801. 85773,en,15,atthita,aṭṭhita,Aṭṭhita,Aṭṭhita,<sup>2</sup> [ā + ṭhita] undertaken,arrived at,looked after,considered J.II,247 (= adhiṭṭhita C.).(Page 16),7,1
  2802. 85774,en,15,atthita,aṭṭhita,Aṭṭhita,Aṭṭhita,<sup>1</sup> see ṭhita.(Page 16),7,1
  2803. 85788,en,15,atthita,atthitā,Atthitā,Atthitā,(f.) [f.abstr.fr.atthi cp.atthibhāva] state of being,existence,being,reality M.I,486; S.II,17 (°añ c° eva natthitañ ca to be and not to be); III,135; J.V,110 (kassaci atthitaṃ vā natthitaṃ vā jānāhi see if there is anybody or not); DhsA.394.-- Often in Abl.<i>atthitāya</i> by reason of,on account of,this being so DhA.III,344 (idamatthitāya under this condition) PvA.94,97,143.(Page 25),7,1
  2804. 85841,en,15,atthiya,atthiya,Atthiya,Atthiya,(adj.) (-°) [= atthika] having a purpose or end S.III,189 (kim° for what purpose?); A.V,1 sq.(id.),311 sq.; Th.1,1097 (att° having one’s purpose in oneself),1274; Sn.354 (yad atthiyaṃ on account of what).(Page 25),7,1
  2805. 85950,en,15,attita,aṭṭita,Aṭṭita,Aṭṭita,( &#38; occasionally <i>addita</i>,e.g.Pv.II,6<sup>2</sup>; Th.2,77,89; Th.1,406) [Sk.ardita,pp.of ardayati,Caus.of ardati,see aṭṭa<sup>3</sup>] pained,distressed,grieved,terrified Th.1,157; J.II,436; IV,85 (v.l.addhita); V,84; VvA.311; ThA.270; Mhvs 1,25; 6,21; Dpvs.I,66; II,23; XIII,9; Sdhp.205.‹-› See remarks of Morris J.P.T.S.1886,104, &#38; 1887.47.(Page 15),6,1
  2806. 85957,en,15,attiyana,aṭṭiyana,Aṭṭiyana,Aṭṭiyana,(nt.) [cp.Sk.ardana,to aṭṭiyati] fright,terror,amazement DhA.II,179.(Page 15),8,1
  2807. 85969,en,15,attiyati,aṭṭiyati,Aṭṭiyati,Aṭṭiyati, &#38; Aṭṭiyati [denom.fr.aṭṭa<sup>3</sup>,q.v.] to be in trouble or anxiety,to be worried,to be incommodated,usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>harāyati</i>,e.g.D.I,213 (+ jigucchati); S.I,131; M.I,423; Pv.I,10<sup>2</sup> (= aṭṭā dukkhitā PvA.48),freq.in ppr.<i>aṭṭiyamāna harayāmāna</i> (+ jigucchamāna) Vin.II,292; J.I,66,292; It.43; Nd<sup>2</sup> 566; Ps.I,159.‹-› Spelling sometimes addiyāmi,e.g.Th.2,140.-- pp.aṭṭita &#38; addita.(Page 15),8,1
  2808. 86074,en,15,atu,ātu,Ātu,Ātu,[dialectical] father M.I,449 (cp.Trenckner’s note on p.567:the text no doubt purports to make the woman speak a sort of patois).(Page 98),3,1
  2809. 86152,en,15,atuman,ātuman,Ātuman,Ātuman,[Vedic ātman,diaeretic form for the usual contracted attan; only found in poetry.Cp.also the shortened form tuman] self.Nom.sg.<i>ātumo</i> Pv IV.5<sup>2</sup> (= sabhāvo PvA.259),<i>ātumā</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 69 (ātumā vuccati attā),296 (id.), &#38; <i>ātumāno</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 351; Acc.<i>ātumānaṃ</i> Sn.782 (= attānaṃ SnA 521),888,918; Loc.<i>ātume</i> Pv.II,13<sup>11</sup> (= attani C.).(Page 98),6,1
  2810. 86166,en,15,atura,ātura,Ātura,Ātura,(adj.) [Sk.ātura,cp.BSk.ātura,e.g.Jtm 31<sup>70</sup>] ill,sick,diseased; miserable,affected S.III,1 (°kāya); A.I,250; Sn.331; Vv 83<sup>14</sup> (°rūpa = abhitunna-kāya VvA.328); J.I,197 (°anna “food of the miserable",i.e.last meal of one going to be killed; C.expl<sup>s.</sup> as maraṇabhojana),211 (°citta); II,420 (°anna,as above); III,201; V,90,433; VI,248; Miln.139,168; DhA.I,31 (°rūpa); PvA.160,161; VvA.77; Sdhp.507.Used by Commentators as syn.of <i>aṭṭo</i>,e.g.at J.IV,293; SnA 489.<i>--anātura</i> healthy,well,in good condition S.III,1; Dh.198.(Page 98),5,1
  2811. 86238,en,15,ava°,ava°,Ava°,Ava°,(prefix) I.Relation between ava &#38; o.Phonetically the difference between ava &#38; o is this,that ava is the older form,whereas o represents a later development.Historically the case is often reversed -- that is,the form in o was in use first &#38; the form in ava was built up,sometimes quite independently,long afterwards.Okaḍḍhati,okappati,okappanā,okassati,okāra,okantati,okkamati,ogacchati,odāta and others may be used as examples.The difference in many cases has given rise to a differentiation of meaning,like E.ripe:rife,quash:squash; Ger.Knabe:Knappe etc.(see below B 2).-- A.The old Pāli form of the prefix is o.In same cases however a Vedic form in ava has been preserved by virtue of its archaic character.In words forming the 2<sup>nd</sup> part of a cpd.we have ava,while the absolute form of the same word has o.See e.g.avakāsa (-°) › okāsa (°-); avacara › ocaraka; avatata; avadāta; avabhāsa; avasāna.-- B.1.the proportion in the words before us (early and later) is that o alone is found in 65% of all cases,ava alone in 24%,and ava as well as o in 11%.The proportion of forms in ava increases as the books or passages become later.Restricted to the older literature (the 4 Nikāyas) are the foll.forms with o:okiri,okkanti,okkamati,okkhipati,ogacchati,ossajati.-- (1) The Pāli form (o°) shows a differentiation in meaning against the later Sanskrit forms (ava°).See the foll.:<br><br> avakappanā harnessing:okappanā confidence; avakkanti (not Sk.):okkanti appearance;<br><br> avakkhitta thrown down:okkhitta subdued; avacara sphere of motion:ocaraka spy;<br><br> avatiṇṇa descended:otiṇṇa affected with love; avaharati to move down,put off:oharati to steal.<br><br>(2) In certain secondary verb-formations,arisen on Pāli grounds,the form o° is used almost exclusively pointing thus to a clearly marked dialectical development of Pali.Among these formations are Deminutives in °ka usually; the Gerund &#38; the Infinitive usually; the Causatives throughout.<br><br> II.Ava as prefix.[P.ava = Vedic ava &#38; occasionally o; Av.ava; Lat.au- (aufero = avabharati,aufugio etc.); Obg.u-; Oir.ō,ua.See further relations in Walde,Lat.Wtb.under au].-- Meaning.(Rest:) lower,low (opp.ut°,see e.g.uccâvaca high &#38; low,and below III,c),expl<sup>d.</sup> as heṭṭhā (DhA.IV,54 under avaṃ) or adho (ibid.153; SnA 290).-- (Motion:) down,downward,away (down),off; e.g.avasūra sun-down; adv.avaṃ (q.v.,opp.uddhaṃ).-- (a) lit.away from,off:ava-kantati to cut off; °gaṇa away from the crowd; °chindati cut off; °yīyati fall off; °bhāsati shine out,effulge; °muñcati take off; °siṭṭha left over.-- down,out,over:°kirati pour down or out over; °khitta thrown down; °gacchati go down; °gāheti dip down; °tarati descend; °patita fallen down; °sajjati emit; °siñcati pour out over; °sīdati sink down.-- (b) fig.down in connection with verbs of emotion (cp.Lat.de- in despico to despise,lit.look down on),see ava-jānāti,°bhūta,°mānita,°vajja,°hasati.away from,i.e.the opposite of,as equivalent to a negation and often taking the place of the neg.prefix a° (an°),e.g.in avajaya (= ajaya),°jāta,°maṅgala (= a°),°pakkhin,°patta.<br><br> Affinities of ava.-- (a) apa.There exists an exceedingly frequent interchange of forms with apa° and ava°,the historical relation of which has not yet been thoroughly investigated.For a comparison of the two the BSk.forms are indispensable,and often afford a clue as to the nature of the word in question.See on this apa 2 and cp.the foll.words under ava:avakata,°karoti,°khalita,°aṅga,ottappa,avattha,°nīta,°dāna,°pivati,°rundhati,°lekhati,°vadati,°varaka,°sakkati,avassaya,avasseti,°hita,avāpurīyati,avekkhati.-- (b) abhi.The similarity between abhi &#38; ava is seen from a comparison of meaning abhi II.b and ava II.a.The two prefixes are practically synonymous in the foll.words:°kaṅkhati,°kamati,°kiṇṇa,°khipati,°maddati,°rata,°lambati,°lekheti,°lepana,°siñcati.-- (c) The contrary of ava is ut (cp.above II.2).Among the freq.contrast-pairs showing the two,like E.up &#38; down,are the foll.ukkaṃsâvakaṃsa,uggaman-oggamana,uccâvaca,ullaṅgheti-olaṅgheti,ullittâvalitta; ogilituṃuggilituṃ,onaman-unnamana.Two other comb<sup>ns.</sup> founded on the same principle (of intensifying contrast) are chiddâvacchidda and ava° in contrast with vi° in olambavilamba,olugga-vilugga.(Page 80),4,1
  2812. 86244,en,15,ava,āva,Āva,Āva,(misery,misfortune) see <i>avā</i>.(Page 112),3,1
  2813. 86266,en,15,avabhasa,avabhāsa,Avabhāsa,Avabhāsa,[later form of obhāsa] Only in cpd.<i>gambhīrāvabhāso</i> D.II,55,looking deep.Same cpd.at A.II,105 = Pug.46 has obhāsa.(Page 83),8,1
  2814. 86270,en,15,avabhasaka,avabhāsaka,Avabhāsaka,Avabhāsaka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.avabhāsa] shining,shedding light on,illuminating Sdhp.14.(Page 83),10,1
  2815. 86293,en,15,avabhasita,avabhāsita,Avabhāsita,Avabhāsita,(-°) [late form of obhāsita] shining with,resplendent Sdhp.590.(Page 83),10,1
  2816. 86302,en,15,avabhunjati,avabhuñjati,Avabhuñjati,Avabhuñjati,[ava + bhuñjati] to eat,to eat up J.III,272 (inf.°bhottuṃ),273.(Page 83),11,1
  2817. 86307,en,15,avabhuta,avabhūta,Avabhūta,Avabhūta,(adj.) [ava + bhūta,pp.of ava + <em>bhū</em>] “come down",despised,low,unworthy M.II,210.(Page 83),8,1
  2818. 86316,en,15,avabodha,avabodha,Avabodha,Avabodha,[ava + bodha] perception,understanding,full knowledge SnA.509 (sacca°).-- Neg.<i>an°</i> not awakened to the truth Vv 82<sup>6</sup> (= ananubodha VvA.319).(Page 83),8,1
  2819. 86328,en,15,avabodhati,avabodhati,Avabodhati,Avabodhati,(-°) [cp.Sk.avabodhati] to realise,perceive,pay attention to J.III,151 nâva°).(Page 83),10,1
  2820. 86360,en,15,avabujjhati,avabujjhati,Avabujjhati,Avabujjhati,(-°) [Cp.BSk.avabudhyate] to understand A.IV,96 = It.83 (n’avabujjhati); A.IV,98 (id.) J.I,378 = III,387 (interchanging with anubujjhati at the latter pass.).(Page 83),11,1
  2821. 86381,en,15,avaca,avaca,Avaca,Avaca,(adj.) [der.fr.ava after the analogy of ucca › ut] low,only in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>uccâvacā</i> (pl.) high and low,see <i>ucca</i>.KvuA 38.(Page 81),5,1
  2822. 86402,en,15,avacana,avacana,Avacana,Avacana,(nt.) [a + vacana] “non-word",i.e.the wrong word or expression J.I,410.(Page 81),7,1
  2823. 86440,en,15,avacara,avacara,Avacara,Avacara,(-°) (n.-adj.) [ava + <em>car</em>,also BSk.avacara in same sense,e.g.antaḥpurâvacarā the inmates of the harem Jtm 210] (a) (adj.) living in or with,moving in D.I,206 (santika° one who stays near,a companion); fig.dealing or familiar with,at home in A.II,189 (atakka°); IV,314 (parisā°); J.I,60 (tāḷa° one conversant with music,a musician,see tāḷa<sup>1</sup>); II,95 (saṅgāma°); Miln.44 (id.and yoga°).-- (b) (n.) sphere (of moving or activity),realm,plane (of temporal existence); only as t.t in <i>kāmâvacara rupâvacara arūpâvacara</i> or the 3 realms of sense-desires,form and non-form:<i>kāma°</i> D.I,34 (°deva); Dhs.431 (as adj.); <i>rūpa°</i> Pug.37; <i>arūpa°</i> Pug.38; Ps.I,83,84,101; Dhs.A 387; PvA.138,163; to be omitted in Dhs.1268,1278.(Page 81),7,1
  2824. 86451,en,15,avacaraka,avacaraka,Avacaraka,Avacaraka, &#38; ocaraka (adj.-n.) [fr.avacara] 1.only in cpd.kāmâvacarika as adj.to kāmâvacara,belonging to the sphere of sense experiences,Sdhp.254.-- 2.Late form of ocaraka,spy,only in C.on Th.1,315 ff.quoted in Brethren 189,n 3.Occurs in BSk (Divy 127).(Page 81),9,1
  2825. 86461,en,15,avacarana,avacaraṇa,Avacaraṇa,Avacaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.avacarati 1] being familiar with,dealing with,occupation J.II,95.(Page 82),9,1
  2826. 86503,en,15,avacchedaka,avacchedaka,Avacchedaka,Avacchedaka,(-°) (adj) [ava + cheda + ka] cutting off,as nt.<i>°ṃ</i> adv.in phrase kabaḷâvacchedakaṃ after the manner of cutting off mouthfuls (of food) Vin.II,214; IV,196; cp.āsāvacchedika whose hope or longing has been cut off or destroyed Vin.I,259.(Page 82),11,1
  2827. 86512,en,15,avacchidda,avacchidda,Avacchidda,Avacchidda,(-°) (adj.) [ava + chidda] perforated,only in redupl.(intensive) cpd.<i>chiddâvacchidda</i> perforated all over,nothing but holes J.III,491; DhA.I,122.284,319.Cp.chidda-vicchidda.(Page 82),10,1
  2828. 86544,en,15,avacuttha,avacuttha,Avacuttha,Avacuttha,2nd pret.of <em>vac</em>,in prohib form mā evaṃ avacuttha do not speak thus J.VI,72; DhA.IV,228.(Page 82),9,1
  2829. 86559,en,15,avadana,avadāna,Avadāna,Avadāna,see <i>apadāna</i>.(Page 82),7,1
  2830. 86565,en,15,avadaniya,avadāniya,Avadāniya,Avadāniya,(adj.) [fr.avadāna cutting off; ava + <i>dā<sup>2</sup></i> to cut] stingy,niggardly Sn.774 (= Nd<sup>1</sup> 36 which expl<sup>s.</sup> as follows:avaṃ gacchanti ti pi avadāniyā; maccharino pi vuccanti avadāniyā; buddhānaṃ vacanaṃ n’âdiyantī ti avadāniyā.SnA.516 condenses this expl<sup>n.</sup> into the foll.:avaṅgamanatāya maccharitāya buddhâdīnaṃ vacanaṃ anādiyanatāya ca avadāniyā).(Page 82),9,1
  2831. 86579,en,15,avadapana,avadāpana,Avadāpana,Avadāpana,(cleansing):see vodāpana.(Page 82),9,1
  2832. 86581,en,15,avadapeti,avadāpeti,Avadāpeti,Avadāpeti,(to deal out) only BSk pary° Divy 202.(Page 82),9,1
  2833. 86593,en,15,avadata,avadāta,Avadāta,Avadāta,(= odāta) Dāvs III,14 (metri causa).(Page 82),7,1
  2834. 86604,en,15,avadayati,avadāyati,Avadāyati,Avadāyati,[denom.fr.avadā in same meaning as anuddā,to <i>dā<sup>1</sup></i>:see dayati<sup>2</sup>] to have pity on,to feel sorry for J.IV,178 (bhūtānaṃ nâvadāyissaṃ,gloss n’ânukampiyaṃ).(Page 82),9,1
  2835. 86627,en,15,avaddhi,avaḍḍhi,Avaḍḍhi,Avaḍḍhi,(f.) [a + vaḍḍhi] “non-growth",decay DhA.III,335; C on A.III,76 (cp.apajaha).(Page 82),7,1
  2836. 86676,en,15,avadehaka,avadehaka,Avadehaka,Avadehaka,(-°) (adj.) [ava + deha + ka but more likely direct fr.ava + <em>dih</em>] in the idiom <i>udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjati</i>,<i> </i>to eat one’s fill M.I,102; Th.1,935.Vism.33 has udarāvadehaka-bhojana,a heavy meal.(Page 83),9,1
  2837. 86701,en,15,avadharana,avadhāraṇa,Avadhāraṇa,Avadhāraṇa,(nt.) [Cp.Sk.avadhāraṇa,fr.ava + <em>dhṛ</em>] calling attention to,affirmation,emphasis; as t.t.used by C’s in explanation of <i>evaṃ</i> at DA.I,27; and of <i>kho</i> at PvA.11,18.(Page 83),10,1
  2838. 86764,en,15,avadhi,avadhi,Avadhi,Avadhi,3 sg.aor.of <i>vadhati</i>.-- At DhA.II,73 avadhi = odhi.(Page 83),6,1
  2839. 86806,en,15,avadiyati,avadīyati,Avadīyati,Avadīyati,[Sk.avadīryati,ava + <em>ḍr</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>,ḍrṇāti,see etym.under darī] to burst,split open J.VI,183 (= bhijjati C.) see also <i>uddīyati</i>,(Page 82),9,1
  2840. 86812,en,15,avagacchati,avagacchati,Avagacchati,Avagacchati,[ava + gacchati] to come to,approach,visit (cp.Vedic avagacchati) PvA.87. <i>Avagaṇḍa (--kāraka)</i> (adj.) [ava + gaṇḍa°] “making a swelling",i.e.puffing out the cheeks,stuffing the cheeks,full (when eating); only nt.<i>°ṃ</i> as adv.after the manner or in the way of stuffing etc.Vin.II,214; IV,196.(Page 81),11,1
  2841. 86835,en,15,avagahati,avagāhati,Avagāhati,Avagāhati, &#38; ogāhati [ava + gāhati] to plunge or enter into,to be absorbed in (Acc. &#38; Loc.) Vism.678 (vipassanāvīthiṃ); Sdhp.370,383.(Page 81),9,1
  2842. 86899,en,15,avagata,avagata,Avagata,Avagata,[pp.of avagacchati] at PvA.222 is uncertain reading; the meaning is “known,understood" (aññāta Pv IV.1<sup>11</sup>); perhaps we should read āvikata or adhigata (so v.l.BB).(Page 81),7,1
  2843. 86903,en,15,avagata,avāgata,Avāgata,Avāgata,[ava + ā + gacchati] only in phrase dhammā avāgat-amhā,we are fallen from righteousness,J.V,82.(C.explains apāgata).(Page 84),7,1
  2844. 86913,en,15,avaggaha,avaggaha,Avaggaha,Avaggaha,[Sk.avagraha] hindrance,impediment,used at DA.I,95 as syn.for drought (dubuṭṭhikā).(Page 81),8,1
  2845. 86926,en,15,avagunthana,avaguṇṭhana,Avaguṇṭhana,Avaguṇṭhana,(adj.) (-°) [fr.oguṇṭheti] covering Sdhp.314.(Page 81),11,1
  2846. 86932,en,15,avaha,āvaha,Āvaha,Āvaha,(adj.) (-°) [fr.ā + <em>vah</em>] bringing,going,causing Pv.II,9<sup>24</sup> (sukh°); Vv 22<sup>11</sup> (id); Dāvs II.37; PvA.86 (upakār°),116 (anatth°); Sdhp.15,98,206.(Page 112),5,1
  2847. 86943,en,15,avaha,āvāha,Āvāha,Āvāha,[ā + <em>vah</em>] taking in marriage,lit.carrying away to oneself,marriage D.I,99; J.VI,363; SnA 273,448; DhA.IV,7.Often in cpd.<i>ā° vivāha(ka)</i> lit.leading to (one’s home) &#38; leading away (from the bride’s home),wedding feast D.III,183 (°ka); J.I,452; VvA.109,157.(v.l.°ka).(Page 112),5,1
  2848. 86969,en,15,avahana,āvahana,Āvahana,Āvahana,(adj) (-°) [= āvaha] bringing,causing Th.1,519; Sn.256.(Page 112),7,1
  2849. 86975,en,15,avahana,āvāhana,Āvāhana,Āvāhana,(nt.) [ā + vshana,of <em>vah</em>] -- 1.= āvāha,i.e.marriage,taking a wife D.I,11 (= āvāha-karaṇa DA.I,96).-- 2.“getting up,bringing together",i.e.a mass,a group or formation,in senā° a contingent of an army J.IV,91.(Page 112),7,1
  2850. 86980,en,15,avahanaka,āvahanaka,Āvahanaka,Āvahanaka,(adj.-nt) [= āvahana] one who brings VvA.114 (sukhassa).(Page 112),9,1
  2851. 87001,en,15,avahara,avahāra,Avahāra,Avahāra,[fr.avaharati] taking,acquiring,acquisition Vin.V,129 (pañca avahārā,viz.theyya°,pasayha°,parikappa°,paṭicchanna°,kusa°).(Page 84),7,1
  2852. 87023,en,15,avaharana,avaharaṇa,Avaharaṇa,Avaharaṇa,(-°) [fr.avaharati in both meanings] taking away,removal; theft PvA.47 (sāṭaka°),92 (soka°).(Page 84),9,1
  2853. 87053,en,15,avaharati,avaharati,Avaharati,Avaharati, &#38; oharati [ava + <em>hṛ</em>] to steal J.I,384; PvA.47 (avahari vatthaṃ),86 (id.,= apānudi).-- pp.<i>avahaṭa</i> (q.v.).(Page 84),9,1
  2854. 87091,en,15,avahasati,avahasati,Avahasati,Avahasati,[ava + <em>has</em>] to laugh at,deride,mock J.V,111 (aññamaññaṃ); PvA.178.-- aor.<i>avahasi</i> J.IV,413.(Page 84),9,1
  2855. 87110,en,15,avahata,avahaṭa,Avahaṭa,Avahaṭa,[pp.of avaharati] taken away,stolen Miln.46.(Page 84),7,1
  2856. 87126,en,15,avahati,āvahati,Āvahati,Āvahati,[ā + vahati] to bring,cause,entail,give S.I,42 = Sn.181,182 (āvahāti sukhaṃ metri causā); J.III,169; V,80; Sn.823; Nd<sup>1</sup> 302; PvA.6.-- Pass.āvuyhati VvA.237 (ppr.<i>°amāna</i>).(Page 112),7,1
  2857. 87174,en,15,avahiyati,avahīyati,Avahīyati,Avahīyati,[for ohīyati] to be left behind,to stay behind J.V,340.(Page 84),9,1
  2858. 87208,en,15,avajanati,avajānāti,Avajānāti,Avajānāti,[ava + <em>jñā</em>] 1.to deny Vin.II,85; A.III,164 = Pug.65.-- 2.(later) to despise DhA.III,16; PvA.175 (grd.°jānitabba) -- Of short stem-form <em>ñā</em> are found the foll:grd.avaññeyya PvA.175,and with o°:grd.oñātabba PvA.195; pp.<i>avañāta</i>,besides <i>avaññāta</i>.(Page 82),9,1
  2859. 87236,en,15,avajata,avajāta,Avajāta,Avajāta,(adj.) [ava + jāta; cp.B.Sk.avajāta in meaning misborn,miscarriage] low-born,of low or base birth,fig.of low character (opp.abhijāta) Sn.664 (= buddhassa avajātaputta SnA 479); It.63; Miln.359.(Page 82),7,1
  2860. 87252,en,15,avajati,āvajati,Āvajati,Āvajati,[ā + vajati,<em>vraj</em>] -- 1.to go into,to or towards J.III,434; IV,49,107.-- 2.to return,come back J.V,24,479.(Page 111),7,1
  2861. 87256,en,15,avajaya,avajaya,Avajaya,Avajaya,[ava + jaya,cp.apajita] defeat DhA.II,228 (v.l.for T.ajaya).(Page 82),7,1
  2862. 87281,en,15,avajiyati,avajīyati,Avajīyati,Avajīyati,[ava + jīyati; Sk.avajiryate] to be diminished,to be lost,be undone J.I,313 (jitaṃ a; v.l.avajījy°); Dh.179 (jitaṃ a = dujjitaṃ hoti DhA.III,197).(Page 82),9,1
  2863. 87294,en,15,avajja,avajja,Avajja,Avajja,(adj.) [Sk.avadya,seemigly a + vadya,but in reality a der.fr.ava.According to Childers = Sk.avarjya from <i>vraj</i>,thus meaning “not to be shunned,not forbidden".This interpret<sup>n</sup> is justified by context of Dh.318,319.The P.commentator refers it to ava + <em>vad</em> (for *ava-vadya) in sense of to blame,cp.apavadati] low,inferior,blamable,bad,deprecable Dh.318,319; Dhs.1160.More fig.in neg.form <i>anavajja</i> blameless,faultless D.I,70 (= anindita DA.I,183); A.II,26 = It.102; Sn.47 (°bhojin carrying on a blameless mode of livelihood,see Nd<sup>2</sup> 39),263 (= anindita agarahita KhA 140):Ps.II,116,170; Pug.30,41,58; Sdhp.436.Opp.<i>sāvajja</i>.(Page 82),6,1
  2864. 87317,en,15,avajjana,āvajjana,Āvajjana,Āvajjana,(nt.) [fr.āvajjati,cp.BSk.āvarjana in diff.meaning] turning to,paying attention,apprehending; adverting the mind.-- See discussion of term at Cpd.85,227 (the C.derive āvajjana fr.āvaṭṭeti to turn towards,this confusion being due to close resemblance of jj and ṭṭ in writing); also Kvu trsl.221 n.4 (on Kvu 380 which has āvaṭṭanā),282 n.2 (on Kvu 491 āvaṭṭanā).-- Ps.II,5,120; J.II,243; Vbh.320; Miln.102 sq.; Vism.432; DA.I,271.(Page 111),8,1
  2865. 87459,en,15,avajjata,avajjatā,Avajjatā,Avajjatā,(f.) [abstr.to prec.),only neg.<i>an°</i> blamelessness,faultlessness Pug.25,41; Dhs.1349.(Page 82),8,1
  2866. 87467,en,15,avajjati,āvajjati,Āvajjati,Āvajjati,[not with Senart M Vastu 377 = ava + <i>dhyā</i>,but = Sk.āvṛṇakti ā + <i>vṛj</i>,with pres.act.āvajjeti = Sk.āvarjayati] -- 1.to reflect upon,notice,take in,advert to,catch (a sound),listen J.I,81; II,423; V,3; Miln.106.-- 2.to remove,upset (a vessel),pour out Vin.I,286 (kumbhiṃ); J.II,102 (gloss āsiñcati).-- Caus.<i>āvajjeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 111),8,1
  2867. 87504,en,15,avajjeti,āvajjeti,Āvajjeti,Āvajjeti,[Caus.of āvajjati] 1.to turn over,incline,bend M.III,96; J.IV,56 (so read for āvijjhanto); DA.I,10 (kāyaṃ).‹-› 2.to incline (the mind); observe,reflect,muse,think,heed,listen for.According to Cpd.227 often paraphrased in C.by pariṇāmeti.-- J.I,69,74,81,89,108,200; Miln.297; DhA.II,96; PvA.181 (= manasikaroti).-- 3.to cause to yield A.III,27 (perhaps better āvaṭṭ°).‹-› pp.<i>āvajjita</i> (q.v.).(Page 111),8,1
  2868. 87519,en,15,avajjha,avajjha,Avajjha,Avajjha,(adj.) [grd of a + vadhati,Sk.vadhya,<em>vadh</em>] not to be killed or destroyed,inviolable Sn.288; J.V,69; VI,132.(Page 82),7,1
  2869. 87545,en,15,avajjita,āvajjita,Āvajjita,Āvajjita,[pp.of āvajjeti cp.BSk.āvarjita,e.g.Divy 171; Itin 221] bent,turned to,inclined; noticed,observed Miln.297; Vism.432 (citta); Sdhp.433.(Page 111),8,1
  2870. 87557,en,15,avajjitatta,āvajjitatta,Āvajjitatta,Āvajjitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.āvajjita] inclination of mind,observation,paying attention Ps.II,27 sq.(Page 111),11,1
  2871. 87577,en,15,avakaddhati,avakaḍḍhati,Avakaḍḍhati,Avakaḍḍhati,[ava + kaḍḍhati,cp.avakassati &#38; apakassati] Nett 4 (avakaḍḍhayitvā).Pass.<i>avakaḍḍhati</i> J.IV,415 (hadayaṃ me a.my hcart is weighed down = sokena avakaḍḍhīyati C; v.l.avakassati).-- pp.<i>avakaḍḍhita</i>.(Page 81),11,1
  2872. 87590,en,15,avakaddhita,avakaḍḍhita,Avakaḍḍhita,Avakaḍḍhita,[pp.of avakaḍḍhati] pulled down,dragged away DhA.III,195.(Page 81),11,1
  2873. 87596,en,15,avakamsa,avakaṃsa,Avakaṃsa,Avakaṃsa,[fr.ava-karṣati; on ṃs:*rṣ cp.haṃsati:harṣati] dragging down,detraction,abasement,in cpd.ukkaṃsâvak° lifting up &#38; pulling down,raising and lowering,rise &#38; fall D.I,54.(Page 80),8,1
  2874. 87606,en,15,avakankhati,avakaṅkhati,Avakaṅkhati,Avakaṅkhati,(-°) [ava + kaṅkhati; cp.Sk.anu-kāṅkṣati] to wish for,strive after S.IV,57 (n’); J.IV,371 (n’); V 340 (n’),348 (n’= na pattheti C).(Page 80),11,1
  2875. 87613,en,15,avakanta,avakanta,Avakanta,Avakanta,[for *avakatta,Sk.avakṛtta; pp.of avakantati,see kanta<sup>2</sup>] cut,cut open,cut off J.IV,251 (galak’âvakantaṃ).(Page 81),8,1
  2876. 87621,en,15,avakantati,avakantati,Avakantati,Avakantati, &#38; okantati (okk°) [cp.Sk.avakṛntati,ava + kantati,cp.also apakantati] to cut off,cut out,cut away,carve -- (<i>ava</i>:) J.IV,155.-- pp.<i>avakanta </i>&<i> avakantita</i>.(Page 81),10,1
  2877. 87624,en,15,avakantita,avakantita,Avakantita,Avakantita,[pp.of avakantati] cut out PvA.213.(Page 81),10,1
  2878. 87630,en,15,avakappana,avakappanā,Avakappanā,Avakappanā, &#38; okappanā (f.) [ava + kappanā] preparation,fixing up,esp.harnessing J.VI,408.(Page 81),10,1
  2879. 87647,en,15,avakarakam,avakārakaṃ,Avakārakaṃ,Avakārakaṃ,(adv.) [fr.avakāra] throwing away,scattering about Vin.II,214.(Page 81),10,1
  2880. 87657,en,15,avakarin,avakārin,Avakārin,Avakārin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.avakāra] despising,degrading,neglecting Vbh.393 sq.(an°).(Page 81),8,1
  2881. 87658,en,15,avakaroti,avakaroti,Avakaroti,Avakaroti,[Sk.apakaroti,cp.P.apa°] “to put down",to despise,throw away; only in der,avakāra &#38; avakārin.‹-› pp.<i>avakata</i> (q.v.).-- See also avākaroti &#38; cp.avakirati 2.(Page 81),9,1
  2882. 87663,en,15,avakaroti,avākaroti,Avākaroti,Avākaroti,[either ava + ā + karoti or avaṃ + karoti,the latter more probable.It is not necessary to take it with Kern,Toev.s.v.as Sk.apākṛṇoti,apa + ā + <em>kṛ</em>] 1.to revoke,undo,rescind,not fulfill,spoil,destroy J.III,339 (avākayirā = avakareyya chindeyya C.); V,495,500; VI,280.-- 2.to give back,restore J.VI,577 (= deti C.).(Page 84),9,1
  2883. 87672,en,15,avakasa,avakāsa,Avakāsa,Avakāsa, &#38; okāsa [ava + <em>kāś</em> to shine,cp.Sk.avakāśa] 1.“appearance":akkhuddâvakāso dassanāya not little (or inferior) to behold (of appearance) D.I,114; ariyāvakāsa appearing noble or having the app.of an Aryan J.V,87; katâvakāsa put into appearance Vv 22<sup>9</sup>.-- 2.“opportunity":kata° given leave D.I,276 Sn.1030; anavakāsakārin not giving occasion Miln.383.-- <i>anavakāsa</i> not having a chance or opportunity (to happen),impossible; always in ster.phrase aṭṭhānaṃ etaṃ anavakāso Vin.II,199; A.I,26; V,169; Pug.11,12; PvA.28.(Page 81),7,1
  2884. 87686,en,15,avakassati,avakassati,Avakassati,Avakassati, &#38; okassati [cp.Sk.avakarṣati,ava + kṛṣ; see also apakassati &#38; avakaḍḍhati] to drag down,to draw or pull away,distract,remove.-- A.V,74 = Vin.II,204 (+ vavakassati).(Page 81),10,1
  2885. 87694,en,15,avakata,avakata,Avakata,Avakata,= apakata,v.l.at It.89.(Page 81),7,1
  2886. 87722,en,15,avakirati,avakirati,Avakirati,Avakirati, &#38; okirati [ava + kirati] 1.to pour down on,to pour out over; aor.avakiri PvA.86; ger.°kiritvā J.V,144.-- 2.to cast out,reject,throw out; aor.avākiri Vv 30<sup>5</sup> = 48<sup>5</sup> (v.l.°kari; VvA.126 expl<sup>s</sup> by chaḍḍesi vināsesi).-- Pass.<i>avakirīyati</i> Pv III,1<sup>10</sup> (= chaḍḍīyati PvA.174); grd.°kiriya (see sep.).See also apakiritūna.pp.<i>okiṇṇa</i>.(Page 81),9,1
  2887. 87727,en,15,avakirati,avākirati,Avākirati,Avākirati,wrong by Hardy VvA.Index for avakirati (q.v.).<i> </i> (Page 84),9,1
  2888. 87740,en,15,avakiriya,avakiriya,Avakiriya,Avakiriya,[grd of avakirati] to be cast out or thrown away; rejectable,low,contemptible J.V,143 (taken by C.as ger.= avakiritvā).(Page 81),9,1
  2889. 87746,en,15,avakkama,avakkama,Avakkama,Avakkama,[fr.avakkamati] entering,appearance J.V,330 (gabbhassa).(Page 81),8,1
  2890. 87757,en,15,avakkamati,avakkamati,Avakkamati,Avakkamati, &#38; okkamati [ava + kamati fr.<em>kram</em>] to approach.to enter,go into or near to,to fall into,appear in,only in ger.(poetically) avakamma J.III,480 (v.l.apa°).(Page 81),10,1
  2891. 87777,en,15,avakkanta,avakkanta,Avakkanta,Avakkanta,(-°) [pp.ofnext] entered by,beset with,overwhelmed by (Instr.) S.III,69 (dukkha°,sukha° and an°).(Page 81),9,1
  2892. 87789,en,15,avakkanti,avakkanti,Avakkanti,Avakkanti,(f.) [fr.avakkamati] entry,appearance,coming down into,opportunity for rebirth S.II,66 (nāmarūpassa); III,46 (pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ); Pug.13 (= okkanti nibbatti pātubhāvo PugA 184); Kvu 142 (nāmarūpassa); Miln.123 (gabbhassa).(Page 81),9,1
  2893. 87803,en,15,avakkara,avakkāra,Avakkāra,Avakkāra,[Sk.avaskara faeces,fr.avaṃ + karoti] throwing away,refuse,sweepings; only in cpd.<i>°pātī</i> a bowl for refuse,slop basin,ash-bin Vin.I,157,352; II,216; M.I,207; DhA.I,305.(Page 81),8,1
  2894. 87816,en,15,avakkhalita,avakkhalita,Avakkhalita,Avakkhalita,[pp.of avakkhaleti,Caus.of <i>kṣal</i>] washed off,taken away from,detracted DA.I,66 (v.l.apa°).(Page 81),11,1
  2895. 87827,en,15,avakkhipana,avakkhipana,Avakkhipana,Avakkhipana,(nt.) [fr.avakkhipati] throwing down,putting down J.I,163.(Page 81),11,1
  2896. 87837,en,15,avakkhipati,avakkhipati,Avakkhipati,Avakkhipati, &#38; okkhipati [ava + khipati; cp.Sk.avakṣipati] to throw down or out,cast down,drop; fig.usually appl<sup>d</sup> to the eyes = to cast down,hence transferred to the other senses and used in meaning of “to keep under,to restrain,to have control over" (cp.also avakkhāyati),aor.°khipi DA.I,268 (bhusaṃ,v.l.avakkhasi).(Page 81),11,1
  2897. 87852,en,15,avakkhitta,avakkhitta,Avakkhitta,Avakkhitta, &#38; okkhitta [pp.of avakkhipati] 1.[= Sk.avakṣipta] thrown down,flung down,cast down,dropped; thrown out,rejected.(<i>ava</i>:) M.I,296 (ujjhita +); DA.I,281 (an°),289 (pinḍa); PvA.174 (piṇḍa).2.[= Sk.utkṣipta?] thrown off,gained,produced,got (cp.uppādita),in phrase <i>sed</i>’<i>âvakkhitta</i> gained by sweat A.II,67; III,45.(Page 81),10,1
  2898. 87875,en,15,avakujja,avakujja,Avakujja,Avakujja,(adj.) [ava + kujja,cp.B.Sk.avakubja M Vastu I.29,avakubjaka ibid.213; II,412] face downward,head first,prone,bent over (opp.ukkujja &#38; uttāna) J.I,13 = Bu II.52; J.V,295; VI,40; Pv IV.10<sup>8</sup>; PvA.178.<br><br> <i>--pañña</i> (adj.) one whose reason is turned upside down (like an upturned pot,i.e.empty) A.I,130; Pug.31 (= adhomukha-pañña Pug.A 214).(Page 81),8,1
  2899. 87921,en,15,avalambati,avalambati,Avalambati,Avalambati,[= olambati].Only in late verse.To hang down.Pv.II,1<sup>18</sup>; 10<sup>2</sup>.Ger.avalamba (for °bya) Pv III,3<sup>5</sup>; cp.olubbha.(Page 83),10,1
  2900. 87956,en,15,avalekhana,avalekhana,Avalekhana,Avalekhana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) v.l.for <i>apalekhana</i>.(Page 83),10,1
  2901. 87957,en,15,avalekhana,avalekhana,Avalekhana,Avalekhana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.avalekhati] (a) scraping,scraping off Vin.II,141 (°pidhara),221 (°kaṭṭha).(b) scratching in,writing down J.IV,402,(°sattha a chisel for engraving letters).(Page 83),10,1
  2902. 87983,en,15,avalekhati,avalekhati,Avalekhati,Avalekhati,[ava + lekhati,<em>likh</em>,Sk.avalikhati] to scrape off Vin.II,221 (v.l.apa°).(Page 83),10,1
  2903. 87996,en,15,avalepana,avalepana,Avalepana,Avalepana,(-°) (nt.) [fr.ava + <em>lip</em>] smearing,daubing,plastering M.I,385 (pīta°); Sn.194 (kāyo taca-maṃs’âvalepano the body plastered with skin &#38; flesh).(Page 83),9,1
  2904. 88008,en,15,avali,āvalī,Āvalī,Āvalī,(f.) [cp.Sk.āvalī &#38; see valī] a row,range J.V,69; DA.I,140.(Page 111),5,1
  2905. 88035,en,15,avalitta,avalitta,Avalitta,Avalitta,(-°) [Sk.avalipta,pp.of ava-limpati] besmeared; in cpd.<i>ullittâvalitta</i> “smeared up &#38; down" i.e.plastered inside &#38; outside A.I,101.(Page 83),8,1
  2906. 88061,en,15,avam,avaṃ,Avaṃ,Avaṃ,(adv.) [Vedic avāk &#38; avāṃ] the prep.ava in adv.use,down,downward; in C.often expl<sup>d.</sup> by adho.Rarely absolute,the only passage found so far being Sn.685 (avaṃ sari he went down,v.l.avasari,expl<sup>d.</sup> by otari SnA 486).Opp.uddhaṃ (above,up high).Freq.in cpd.avaṃsira (adj.) head downward (+ uddhaṃpāda feet up),a position characteristic of beings in Niraya (Purgatory),e.g.S.I,48; Sn.248 (patanti sattā nirayaṃ avaṃsirā = adhogata-sīsā SnA 290); Vv 52<sup>25</sup> (of Revatī,+ uddhaṃpāda); Pv IV.1<sup>46</sup>; J.I,233 (+ uddhapāda); IV,103 (nirayaṃ vajanti yathā adhammo patito avaṃsiro); Nd<sup>1</sup> 404 (uddhaṃpāda +); DhA.IV,153 (gloss adhosira).-- On avaṃ° cp.further avakkāra,avākaroti,avekkhipati.(Page 80),4,1
  2907. 88069,en,15,avamana,avamāna,Avamāna,Avamāna, &#38; omāna [fr.ava + <em>man</em>,think] disregard,disrespect,contempt J.II,386; III,423; V,384.Cp.next.(Page 83),7,1
  2908. 88079,en,15,avamanana,avamānana,Avamānana,Avamānana,(nt.) [fr.avamāna] = avamāna J.I,22.(Page 83),9,1
  2909. 88094,en,15,avamaneti,avamāneti,Avamāneti,Avamāneti,[Caus.of avamaññati] to despise J.V,246.‹-› pp.<i>avamānita</i> PvA.36.(Page 83),9,1
  2910. 88106,en,15,avamangala,avamaṅgala,Avamaṅgala,Avamaṅgala,(adj.) [ava + maṅgala,ava here in privative function] of bad omen,unlucky,infaustus (opp.abhimaṅgala); nt.bad luck,ill omen J.I,372,402; II,197; VI,10,424; DhA.III,123; PvA.261.Cf.next.(Page 83),10,1
  2911. 88118,en,15,avamangalla,avamaṅgalla,Avamaṅgalla,Avamaṅgalla,(adj.) [fr.avamaṅgala] of bad omen,nt.anything importune,unlucky J.I,446.(Page 83),11,1
  2912. 88142,en,15,avamannati,avamaññati,Avamaññati,Avamaññati,[Sk.avamanyate] to slight,to disregard,despise DhA.I,170; PvA.37,175; Sdhp.271.-- pp.Caus.<i>avamānita</i>.(Page 83),10,1
  2913. 88194,en,15,avanata,avanata,Avanata,Avanata,see <i>oṇata</i>.(Page 83),7,1
  2914. 88208,en,15,avanati,avanati,Avanati,Avanati,(-°) (f.) [fr.avanamati] stooping,bending,bowing down,humiliation Miln.387 (unnat’âvanati).(Page 83),7,1
  2915. 88221,en,15,avancana,avañcana,Avañcana,Avañcana,(adj.) [a + vañcana from <em>vañc</em>] not (even) tottering,i.e.unfit for any motion (esp.walking),said of crippled feet J.I,214 = Cp III,9<sup>10</sup>.(Page 82),8,1
  2916. 88275,en,15,avanga,avaṅga,Avaṅga,Avaṅga,see <i>apaṅga</i>.(Page 81),6,1
  2917. 88283,en,15,avani,avani,Avani,Avani,(f.) [Vedic avani] bed or course of a river; earth,ground Dāvs.IV,5.(Page 83),5,1
  2918. 88322,en,15,avanna,avañña,Avañña,Avañña,(adj.) [to avaññā] despised,despicable Pv III,1<sup>13</sup> (= avaññeyya avajānitabba PvA.175).(Page 82),6,1
  2919. 88328,en,15,avanna,avaññā,Avaññā,Avaññā,(f.) [Sk.avajñā,fr.ava + <em>jñā</em>] contempt,disregard,disrespect J.I,257 (°ya).(Page 82),6,1
  2920. 88341,en,15,avanna,avaṇṇa,Avaṇṇa,Avaṇṇa,[a + vaṇṇa] blame,reproach,fault D.I,1 (= dosā nindā DA.I,37); It.67; Pug.48,59.(Page 82),6,1
  2921. 88387,en,15,avannaniya,avaṇṇanīya,Avaṇṇanīya,Avaṇṇanīya,(adj.) [grd.of a + vaṇṇeti] indescribable J.V,282.(Page 82),10,1
  2922. 88412,en,15,avannata,avaññāta,Avaññāta,Avaññāta,(adj.) [pp.of avajānāti] despised,treated with contempt PvA.135 (an°); Sdhp.88,90.(Page 82),8,1
  2923. 88429,en,15,avannatti,avaññatti,Avaññatti,Avaññatti,(f.) [ava + ñatti = Sk.*avajñapti,fr.ava + <em>jñā</em>] only as neg.<i>an°</i> the fact of not being despised,inferior or surpassed,egotism,pride,arrogance It.72; Vbh.350,356; <i>°kāma</i> (adj.) wishing not to be surpassed,unvilling to be second,wanting to be praised A.II,240; IV,1 sq.(Page 82),9,1
  2924. 88466,en,15,avanta,avaṇṭa,Avaṇṭa,Avaṇṭa,(adj.) [a + vaṇṭa] without a stalk J.V,155.(Page 82),6,1
  2925. 88507,en,15,avapa,āvāpa,Āvāpa,Āvāpa,[if correct,fr.ā + <em>vā</em><i><sup>2</sup></i> to blow with caus.p.-- Cp.J R A S.1898,750 sp.] a potter’s furnace DhA.I,177 (read for āvāsa?),178.(Page 112),5,1
  2926. 88521,en,15,avapakasati,avapakāsati,Avapakāsati,Avapakāsati,[ava + pa + kāsati = kassati,fr.<em>kṛṣ</em>] is a doubtful comp<sup>d.</sup> of kassati,the comb<sup>d.</sup> ava + pa occurring only in this word.In all likelihood it is a distortion of <i>vavakassati</i> (vi + ava + kassati),supplementing the ordinary <i>apakassati</i>.See meaning &#38; further discussion under apakāsati -- Vin.II,204 (apakāsati +; v.l.avapakassati; Bdhgh.in expl<sup>n.</sup> on p.325 has apapakāsati which seems,to imply (a)vavakassati); A.III,145 sq.(avapakāsituṃ).(Page 83),11,1
  2927. 88528,en,15,avapana,āvapana,Āvapana,Āvapana,(nt.) [fr.āvapati] sowing,dispersing,offering,depositing,scattering J.I,321.(Page 111),7,1
  2928. 88535,en,15,avapati,āvapati,Āvapati,Āvapati,[a + <em>vap</em>] to give away,to offer,to deposit as a pledge Miln.279.(Page 111),7,1
  2929. 88543,en,15,avapatta,avapatta,Avapatta,Avapatta,see <i>opatta</i>.(Page 83),8,1
  2930. 88547,en,15,avapayin,avapāyin,Avapāyin,Avapāyin,(-°) (adj.) [cp.avapivati] coming for a drink,drinking J.I,163.(Page 83),8,1
  2931. 88552,en,15,avapivati,avapivati,Avapivati,Avapivati,[ava + <em>pā</em>,cp.apapibati] to drink from J.I,163.(Page 83),9,1
  2932. 88560,en,15,avapurana,avāpuraṇa,Avāpuraṇa,Avāpuraṇa,(nt.) [same as apāpuraṇa] a key S.III,132; A.IV,374.(Page 84),9,1
  2933. 88573,en,15,avapurati,avāpurati,Avāpurati,Avāpurati,[same as apāpurati] to open (a door) J.I,63; VI,373.(Page 84),9,1
  2934. 88595,en,15,avara,āvara,Āvara,Āvara,(adj.) [fr.ā + <em>vṛ</em>] obstructing,keeping off from J.V,325 (so to be read in ariya-magg-âvara).(Page 111),5,1
  2935. 88599,en,15,avara,āvāra,Āvāra,Āvāra,[Sk.āvāra,fr.ā + <em>vṛ</em>] warding off,protection,guard J VI 432 (yanta-yutta°,does it mean “cover,shield"?).‹-› For cpd.khandh’āvāra see <i>khandha</i>.(Page 112),5,1
  2936. 88605,en,15,avarajjhati,avarajjhati,Avarajjhati,Avarajjhati,(-°) [ava + rajjhati of <em>rādh</em>,cp.Sk.avarādhyate] to neglect,fail,spurn Th.1,167; J.IV,428 (v.l.°rujjh°).(Page 83),11,1
  2937. 88618,en,15,avarana,āvaraṇa,Āvaraṇa,Āvaraṇa,(adj.-n.) [fr.ā + <em>vṛ</em>,cp.āvarati; BSk.āvaraṇa in pañc’āvaraṇāni Divy 378] shutting off,barring out,withstanding; nt.hindrance,obstruction,bar Vin.I,84 (°ṃ karoti to prohibit,hinder); II,262 (id.); D.I,246 (syn.of pañca nīvaraṇāni); S.V,93 sq.; A.III,63; J.I,78 (an°); V,412 (nadiṃ °ena bandhāpeti to obstruct or dam off the river); Sn.66 (pahāya pañc’āvaraṇāni cetaso,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 379),1005 (an°-dassāviṇ); Ps.I,131 sq.; II,158 (an°); Pug.13; Dhs.1059,1136; Vbh.341,342; Miln.21 (dur° hard to withstand or oppose).-- dant° “screen of the teeth",lip J.IV,188; VI,590.(Page 111),7,1
  2938. 88653,en,15,avaranata,āvaraṇatā,Āvaraṇatā,Āvaraṇatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.āvaraṇa] keeping away from,withholding from A III 436.(Page 111),9,1
  2939. 88664,en,15,avaraniya,āvaraṇīya,Āvaraṇīya,Āvaraṇīya,(adj.) [grd.fr.āvarati],M.I,273; <i>an°</i> not to be obstructed,impossible to obstruct M.III,3; Miln.157.(Page 111),9,1
  2940. 88681,en,15,avarati,āvarati,Āvarati,Āvarati,[ā + <em>vṛ</em>,cp.āvuṇāti] to shut out from (Abl.),hold back from,refuse,withhold,obstruct M.I,380 (dvāraṃ); Sn.922 (pot.°aye,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 368); DA.I,235 (dvāraṃ); Dpvs.I,38.-- pp.<i>āvaṭa</i> and <i>āvuta<sup>2</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 111),7,1
  2941. 88696,en,15,avareti,āvāreti,Āvāreti,Āvāreti,[Sk.āvārayati,ā + Caus.of <em>vṛ</em>] to ward off,hold back,bar,S IV 298; Nett 99.(Page 112),7,1
  2942. 88771,en,15,avaruddha,avaruddha,Avaruddha,Avaruddha,[fr.avarundhati] 1.Doubtful reading at Vin.IV,181,apparently meaning “in revolt,out of hand" (of slaves) -- 2.[late form of oruddha] restrained Sdhp.592.(Page 83),9,1
  2943. 88777,en,15,avaruddhaka,avaruddhaka,Avaruddhaka,Avaruddhaka,[avruddha + ka] subdued,expelled,banished J.VI,575; Dpvs.I,21 (Np).(Page 83),11,1
  2944. 88786,en,15,avaruddhati,avaruddhati,Avaruddhati,Avaruddhati,[Sk.aparundhati; ava + ruddhati of <em>rudh</em>] to expel,remove,banish J.VI,505 (= nīharati C.),515.See also <i>avarundhati</i>.(Page 83),11,1
  2945. 88794,en,15,avarundhati,avarundhati,Avarundhati,Avarundhati,[ava + rundhati.Only referred to by Dhp.in his Cy (ThA.271) on oruddha] to put under restraint,to put into one’s harem as subsidiary wife.(Page 83),11,1
  2946. 88801,en,15,avasa,avasa,Avasa,Avasa,(adj.) [a + vasa] powerless Sdhp.290.(Page 83),5,1
  2947. 88814,en,15,avasa,āvāsa,Āvāsa,Āvāsa,[Sk.āvāsa; ā + <em>vas</em>] sojourn,stay,dwelling,living; dwelling-place,residence Vin.I,92; D.III,234; S.IV,91; A II 68,168; III,46,262; Sn.406; Dh.73 (cp.DhA.II,77); Nd<sup>1</sup> 128; J.VI,105; Dhs.1122; Pug,15,19,57; KhA 40; DhA.I,177 (āvāsaṃ ālimpeti:read āvāpaṃ); PvA.13,14,36; VvA.113; Sdhp.247.<i>--anāvāsa</i> (n. &#38; adj.) uninhabited,without a home; an uninhabited place A.IV,345; J.II,77; Pv.II,3<sup>33</sup>; PvA.80 (= anāgāra); VvA.46.<br><br> <i>--kappa</i> the practice of (holding Uposatha in different) residence (within the same boundary) Vin.II,294,300,306; Dpvs.IV,47,cp.V.18.<i>--palibodha</i> the obstruction of having a home (in set of 10 Palibodhas) KhA 39; cp.Vism.90 sq.<i>--sappāyatā</i> suitability of residence Vism.127.(Page 112),5,1
  2948. 88880,en,15,avasana,avasāna,Avasāna,Avasāna,(-°) [for <i>osāna</i>] (nt.) stopping ceasing; end,finish,conclusion J.I,87 (bhattakicc-âvasāne at the end of the meal); PvA.76 (id.).(Page 83),7,1
  2949. 88981,en,15,avasarati,avasarati,Avasarati,Avasarati,[ava + <em>sṛ</em>] to go down,to go away (to) Sn.685 (v.l.BB.T.avaṃsari).(Page 83),9,1
  2950. 89005,en,15,avasata,avasaṭa,Avasaṭa,Avasaṭa, &#38; Osaṭa [Sk.apasṛta,cp.also samavasṛta,pp.of ava + <em>sṛ</em>] withdrawn,gone away; one who has left a community &#38; gone over to another sect,a renegade Vin.IV,216,217 (= titthāyatanaṃ saṅkata).(Page 83),7,1
  2951. 89018,en,15,avasatha,āvasatha,Āvasatha,Āvasatha,[Sk.āvasatha,fr.ā + <em>vas</em>] dwelling-place,habitation; abode,house,dwelling Vin I 226 (°âgāra restinghouse); IV,304 (= kavāṭabaddha); S.I,94,229; IV,329; Sn.287,672; J.IV,396; VI,425; Pug.51; Miln.279.(Page 112),8,1
  2952. 89056,en,15,avasati,āvasati,Āvasati,Āvasati,[ā + <em>vas</em>] to live at or in,to inhabit,reside,stay M.II,72; S.I,42; Sn.43,805,1134; Nd<sup>1</sup> 123,127; Nd<sup>2</sup> 133; J.VI,317.-- pp.<i>āvuttha</i> (q.v.).(Page 112),7,1
  2953. 89090,en,15,avasaya,avasāya,Avasāya,Avasāya,[fr.avaseti] stopping,end,finish Th.2,12 (= avasānaṃ niṭṭhānaṃ ThA.19).But the id.p.at Dhp 218 has anakkhāte.(Page 83),7,1
  2954. 89106,en,15,avasesa,avasesa,Avasesa,Avasesa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [see prec.] remaining,left Sn.694 (āyu avaseso); J.III,19; Vbh.107 (taṇhā ca avasesā ca kilesā); PvA.19 (avasesā ca ñātakā the rest of the relatives),21 (avasesā parisā),201 (aṭṭhi-tacamatt’âvasesa-sarīra with a body on which nothing but skin &#38; bones were left),206 (aṭṭhi-saṅghātamatt’âvasesa-sarīra).-- nt.(as pred.) <i>°ṃ</i> what is left PvA.52 (app’avasesaṃ); KhA 245 (n’atthi tesaṃ avasesaṃ).(Page 84),7,1
  2955. 89107,en,15,avasesa,avasesa,Avasesa,Avasesa,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.avaśeṣa,fr.ava + <em>śiṣ</em>,cp.avasissati] remainder,remaining part; only in cpds.<i>an°</i> (adj.) without any remainder,i.e.fully,completely M.I,220 = A.V,347 (°dohin); A.I,20 sq.,88; Sn.146; Pug.17; Dhs.363,553; SnA 417 (°pharaṇa); PvA.71 (°ato,adv.altogether,not leaving anything out); &#38; <i>sâvasesa</i> leaving something over,having something left A.I,20 sq.,88; Pv III,5<sup>5</sup> (jīvita° having still a little life left).(Page 84),7,1
  2956. 89178,en,15,avasesaka,avasesaka,Avasesaka,Avasesaka,(adj.) [fr.avasesa<sup>2</sup>] being left,overflowing,additional,more J.I,400 (an°); Dpvs.IV,45.(Page 84),9,1
  2957. 89378,en,15,avasi,avasī,Avasī,Avasī,metri causa for avasi,a + vasi,aor.of <i>vas<sup>4</sup></i> to stop,stay,rest J.V,66 (mā avasī).(Page 84),5,1
  2958. 89397,en,15,avasika,āvāsika,Āvāsika,Āvāsika,(adj.) [āvāsa + ika] living in,residing at home,being in (constant or fixed) residence,usually appl<sup>d.</sup> to bhikkhus (opp.āgantuka) Vin.I,128 sq.; II,15,170; III,65; V,203 sq.; M.I,473; A.I,236; III,261 sq.,366; J.IV,310; Pv IV.8<sup>4</sup> (= nibaddha-vasanaka PvA.267).(Page 112),7,1
  2959. 89437,en,15,avasin,avasin,Avasin,Avasin,(adj.-n.) [a + vasin fr.<em>vaś</em>] not having control over oneself,D.II,275.(Page 84),6,1
  2960. 89441,en,15,avasincanaka,avasiñcanaka,Avasiñcanaka,Avasiñcanaka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.osiñcati] pouring over (act. &#38; med.),overflowing J.I,400 (an°).(Page 83),12,1
  2961. 89470,en,15,avasissati,avasissati,Avasissati,Avasissati,[Sk.avaśiṣyate; Pass.of ava + <em>śis</em><i>;</i> but expl<sup>d.</sup> by Kern,Toev.s.v.as fut of avasīdati] to be left over,to remain,in phrase yaṃ pamāṇa-kataṃ kammaṃ na taṃ tatrâvasissati D.I,251; A.V,299 = S.IV,322; J.II,61 (see expl<sup>n.</sup> on p.62).Also in the phrases <i>taco ca nahārū ca aṭṭhi ca avasissatu sarīre upasussatu maṃsa-lohitaṃ</i> M.I,481; A.I,50; S.II,28,and <i>sarīrāni avasissanti</i> S.II,83.With the latter phrases cp.<i>avasussati</i>.(Page 84),10,1
  2962. 89502,en,15,avasitta,avasitta,Avasitta,Avasitta,(-°) [pp.of osiñcati] besprinkled,anointed,consecrated,only in phrase <i>rājā khattiyo muddhâvasitto</i> of a properly consecrated king (see also khattiya) D.II,69; II,227; III,64; Pug.56; DA.I,182 (T.muddhâvassita,v.l.°abhisitta); etc.-- See also <i>abhisitta</i>.(Page 84),8,1
  2963. 89514,en,15,avasittha,avasiṭṭha,Avasiṭṭha,Avasiṭṭha,(sic &#38; not osiṭṭha) [pp.of avasissati,Sk.avaśiṣṭa] left,remaining,over S.II,133; J.I,138; V,339; VvA.66,pl.avasiṭṭhā all who are left,the others PvA.165 (janā).(Page 83),9,1
  2964. 89548,en,15,avasitthaka,avasiṭṭhaka,Avasiṭṭhaka,Avasiṭṭhaka,(adj.) [fr.avasiṭṭha] remaining,left J.III,311.(Page 83),11,1
  2965. 89616,en,15,avassa,avassa,Avassa,Avassa,(adj.) [a + <em>vaś</em>] against one’s will,inevitable J.I,19 (°bhāvin); V,319 (°gāmitā).Usually as nt.<i>°ṃ</i> adv.inevitably (cp.BSk.avaśyaṃ Divy 347; Av.Ś I.209 etc.) J.III,271; DA.I,263; Sdhp.293.(Page 84),6,1
  2966. 89625,en,15,avassajati,avassajati,Avassajati,Avassajati, &#38; ossajati [ava + <em>sṛj</em>,perhaps ud + <em>sṛj</em> = Sk.utsṛjati,although the usual Vedic form is avasṛjati.The form ossajati puzzled the BSk.writers in their sanskritisation apotsṛjati = apa + ut + <em>sṛj</em> Divy 203] to let loose,let go,send off,give up,dismiss,release (ava):J.IV,425; V,487 (aor.avassaji read for avissaji).(Page 84),10,1
  2967. 89641,en,15,avassakam,avassakaṃ,Avassakaṃ,Avassakaṃ,(adv.) [see avassa] inevitably Dpvs IX.13.(Page 84),9,1
  2968. 89682,en,15,avassana,avassana,Avassana,Avassana,(nt.) [a + vassana,Sk.vāsana of <em>vāś</em> to bleat] not bleating J.IV,251.(Page 84),8,1
  2969. 89706,en,15,avassava,avassava,Avassava,Avassava,[ava + sava,Sk.°srava fr.<em>sru</em> to flow] outflow,effect,only neg.<i>anassava</i> no further effect Vin.II,89; M.I,93; II,246; A.III,334 sp.(Page 84),8,1
  2970. 89717,en,15,avassavana,avassāvana,Avassāvana,Avassāvana,(nt.) [fr.ava + Caus.of <em>sru</em> to flow] straining,filtering (?) J.II,288.(Page 84),10,1
  2971. 89742,en,15,avassaya,avassaya,Avassaya,Avassaya,[Sk.*avāśraya for the usual apāśraya,see P.apassaya<sup>1</sup>] support,help,protection,refuge J.I,211; II,197; IV,167; Miln.160; DhA.II,267; IV,198; PvA.5,113.(Page 84),8,1
  2972. 89785,en,15,avasseti,avasseti,Avasseti,Avasseti,[ava + ā + <em>śri</em>,for the usual *apāśrayati; see apasseti] to lean against,to depend on,find shelter in (Loc.) J.II,80 (aor.avassayiṃ = vāsaṃ kappesiṃ C.).‹-› pp.<i>avassita</i>.(Page 84),8,1
  2973. 89812,en,15,avassita,avassita,Avassita,Avassita,[for apassita,Sk.apaśrita] depending on,dealing with J.V,375.See apassita.(Page 84),8,1
  2974. 89833,en,15,avassuta,avassuta,Avassuta,Avassuta,(adj.) [Sk.*avasruta,pp.of ava + <em>sru</em>,cp.<i>avassava</i>] 1.(lit.) flowing out or down,oozing,leaking J.IV,20.-- 2.(fig.) (cp.<i>anvāssava</i> &#38; <i>āsava</i>) filled with desire,lustful (opp.<i>anavassuta</i>,q.v.) Vin.II,236; S.IV,70,184 (an°); A.I,261,262 (an°); II,240; IV,128,201; Sn.63 (an°); Pug.27,36; Dpvs II.5 (T.reads <i>avassita</i>).‹-› Neg.<i>anavassuta</i>:1.not leaking,without a leak J.IV,20 (nāvā = udaka-pavesan’âbhāvena a.C.).-- 2.free from leakage,i.e.from lust or moral intoxication Dh.39 (°citta); Sn.63 (see expl<sup>d.</sup> in detail at Nd<sup>2</sup> 40); SnA 116 (= kilesa-anvāssava-virahita).(Page 84),8,1
  2975. 89860,en,15,avasura,avasūra,Avasūra,Avasūra,[ava + sūra; ava here in function of *avaṃs see ava II] sundown,sunset,Acc.<i>°ṃ</i> as adv.at or with sundown J V 56 (anāvasūraṃ metrically).(Page 84),7,1
  2976. 89875,en,15,avasussati,avasussati,Avasussati,Avasussati,[Sk.*ava-suṣyati of <em>śuṣ</em>] to dry up,to wither; in later quotations of the old <i>kāmaṃ taco ca nahāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasussatu</i> (upasussatu sarīre maṃsalohitaṃ) J.I,71,110; Sdhp.46.It is a later spelling for the older avasissatu see Trenckner (M.I,569).-- fut.<i>avasucchati</i> (= Sk.*°śokṣyati,fut.of Intens.) J.VI,550 (v.l.BB °sussati; C.avasucchissati).(Page 84),10,1
  2977. 89892,en,15,avata,āvaṭa,Āvaṭa,Āvaṭa,[Sk.āvṛta,pp.of ā + <em>vṛ</em>] covered,veiled,shut off against,prohibited D.I,97,246; M.I,381 (°dvāra); J.VI,267.<i>--anāvaṭa</i> uncovered,unveiled,exposed,open D.I,137 (°dvāra); III,191 (°dvāratā); S.I,55; J.V,213; Pv III,6<sup>4</sup>; Miln.283.Cp.<i>āvuta<sup>2</sup></i> &#38; vy°.(Page 111),5,1
  2978. 89902,en,15,avata,āvāṭa,Āvāṭa,Āvāṭa,[etym.?] a hole dug in the ground,a pit,a well D.I,142 (yaññ°); J.I,99,264; II 406; III,286; IV 46 (caturassa); VI,10; DhA.I,223; VvA.63; PvA.225.(Page 112),5,1
  2979. 89926,en,15,avatamsa,avataṃsa,Avataṃsa,Avataṃsa,see <i>vataṃsaka</i>.(Page 82),8,1
  2980. 89929,en,15,avatamsaka,avaṭaṃsaka,Avaṭaṃsaka,Avaṭaṃsaka,(= vaṭ°) see Vin Texts II.347.(Page 82),10,1
  2981. 89985,en,15,avatata,avatata,Avatata,Avatata, &#38; otata [ava + tata,pp.of <i>tan</i>] stretched over,covered,spread over with Vv 64<sup>3</sup> (-°); VvA.276 (= chādita).(Page 82),7,1
  2982. 90010,en,15,avatinna,avatiṇṇa,Avatiṇṇa,Avatiṇṇa, &#38; otiṇṇa [pp.of otarati] fallen into,affected with (-°),as <i>ava°</i> rare late or poetical form of <i>o°</i>,e.g.J.V,98 (issâ°).See <i>otiṇṇa</i>.(Page 82),8,1
  2983. 90024,en,15,avatitthati,avatiṭṭhati,Avatiṭṭhati,Avatiṭṭhati,[ava + tiṭṭhati] to abide,linger,stand still.D.I,251 = S.IV,322 = A.V,299 (tatra°); S.I,25 (v.l.otiṭṭhati); Th.1,21; J.II,62; IV,208 (aor.avaṭṭhāsi).‹-› pp.<i>avaṭṭhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 82),11,1
  2984. 90035,en,15,avatta,āvaṭṭa,Āvaṭṭa,Āvaṭṭa,(adj.-n.) [Sk.āvarta,ā + <em>vṛt</em>] -- 1.turning round,winding,twisting M.I,382; S.I,32 (dvi-r-ā° turning twice); J.II,217; SnA 439 (°gaṅgā).-- 2.turned,brought round,changed,enticed M.I,381; DhA.II,153.-- 3.an eddy,whirlpool,vortex M.I,461 = A.II,123 (°bhaya); Miln.122,196,377.-- 4.circumference J.V,337; Dāvs.V,24; DhA III 184.(Page 111),6,1
  2985. 90046,en,15,avatta,āvatta,Āvatta,Āvatta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Sk.āvarta,of ā + <em>vṛt</em>,cp.āvaṭṭa[ winding,turn,bent J.I,70 (in a river); Nett 81 (v.l.āvaṭṭa?),105 (°hārasampāta).(Page 111),6,1
  2986. 90047,en,15,avatta,āvatta,Āvatta,Āvatta,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [pp.of āvattati] gone away to,fallen back to,in phrase <i>hīnāy</i>’<i>āvatta</i> (see same phrase under āvattati) M.I,460; S.II,50; J.I,206.(Page 111),6,1
  2987. 90108,en,15,avattaka,āvattaka,Āvattaka,Āvattaka,(adj.) [āvatta + ka] turning,in <i>dakkhiṇ°</i> turning to the right,dextrorsal D.II,18; cp.dakkhiṇâvatta at DA.I,259.(Page 111),8,1
  2988. 90137,en,15,avattana,āvaṭṭana,Āvaṭṭana,Āvaṭṭana,(nt.) [fr.ā + <em>vṛt</em>,cp.āvaṭṭa 2 and āvaṭṭanin] turning,twisting; enticement,snare,temptation J.III,494; DhA.II,153.(Page 111),8,1
  2989. 90142,en,15,avattana,āvaṭṭanā,Āvaṭṭanā,Āvaṭṭanā,(f.) [most likely for āvajjana.q.v. &#38; see also Kvu trsl.221,282] turning to (of the mind),adverting,apprehending Kvu 380,491.(Page 111),8,1
  2990. 90149,en,15,avattana,āvattana,Āvattana,Āvattana,(adj.-nt.) [Sk.āvartana] turning; turn,return Nett 113; Miln.251.(Page 111),8,1
  2991. 90187,en,15,avattanin,āvaṭṭanin,Āvaṭṭanin,Āvaṭṭanin,(adj.) [fr.āvaṭṭana] turning (away or towards),changing,tempting,enticing M.I,375,381; A.II,190; J.II,330 = IV.471; DA.I,250.-- Cp.etymologically the same,but semantically diff.<i>āvattanin</i>.(Page 111),9,1
  2992. 90188,en,15,avattanin,āvattanin,Āvattanin,Āvattanin,(adj.) [fr.āvattana] turning round or back Th.1,16 (cp.<i>āvaṭṭanin</i>).(Page 111),9,1
  2993. 90214,en,15,avattati,āvaṭṭati,Āvaṭṭati,Āvaṭṭati,[= āvattati] in phrase ā.vivaṭṭati to turn forward &#38; backward Vism.504.(Page 111),8,1
  2994. 90225,en,15,avattati,āvattati,Āvattati,Āvattati,[ā + vattati,of <em>vṛt</em>] to turn round,come to,go back,go away to,turn to; only in phrase <i>hīnāya āvattati</i> to turn to “the low",i.e.to give up orders &#38; return to the world Vin.I,17; M.I,460; S.II,231; IV,191; Sn.p.92 (= osakkati SnA 423); Ud.21; Pug.66; Miln.246.‹-› pp.<i>āvatta</i> (q.v.).Cp.āvaṭṭati.(Page 111),8,1
  2995. 90244,en,15,avatteti,āvaṭṭeti,Āvaṭṭeti,Āvaṭṭeti,[ā + vatteti,Caus.of <em>vṛt</em>,cp.BSk.āvartayati to employ spells Divy 438] to turn round,entice,change,convert,bring or win over M.I,375,381,383,505; A.III,27; DA.I,272.(Page 111),8,1
  2996. 90271,en,15,avattha,avattha,Avattha,Avattha,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.apāsta,apa + āsta,pp.of <i>as<sup>2</sup></i>] thrown away J.V,302 (= chaḍḍita C.).(Page 82),7,1
  2997. 90272,en,15,avattha,avattha,Avattha,Avattha,<sup>1</sup> [der.uncertain] aimless (of cārikā,a bhikkhu’s wandering,going on tour) A.III,171 (C.avavatthika).(Page 82),7,1
  2998. 90297,en,15,avatthana,avaṭṭhāna,Avaṭṭhāna,Avaṭṭhāna,(nt.) [Sk.avasthāna] position,standing place J.I,508; PvA.286.(Page 82),9,1
  2999. 90353,en,15,avattharana,avattharaṇa,Avattharaṇa,Avattharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.avattharati] setting in array,deploying (of an army) J.II,104 (of a robber-band),336.(Page 82),11,1
  3000. 90356,en,15,avattharana,avatthāraṇa,Avatthāraṇa,Avatthāraṇa,(nt.) = <i>avattharaṇa</i> DA.I,274.(Page 82),11,1
  3001. 90369,en,15,avattharati,avattharati,Avattharati,Avattharati,[ava + tharati,<em>stṛ</em>] to strew,cover over or up J.I,74 (°amāna ppr.),255 (°itvā ger.); IV,84; Dāvs.I,38.-- pp.<i>otthaṭa</i> Cp.pariy°.(Page 82),11,1
  3002. 90423,en,15,avatthika,āvatthika,Āvatthika,Āvatthika,(adj.) [ā + vatthika] befitting,original,inherent (one of the 4 kinds of nomenclature) Vism.210 = KhA 107.(Page 111),9,1
  3003. 90430,en,15,avatthita,avaṭṭhita,Avaṭṭhita,Avaṭṭhita,(ad.) [Sk.avasthita,ava + thita] “standing down" = standing up,firm,fixed,settled,lasting Th.1,1140.Usually neg.<i>an°</i> unsettled,unsteady; not lasting,changeable Dh.38 (°citta; cp.DhA.I,308 cittaṃ thāvaraṃ natthi); PvA.87 (= na sassata not lasting for ever).(Page 82),9,1
  3004. 90447,en,15,avatthitata,avaṭṭhitatā,Avaṭṭhitatā,Avaṭṭhitatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.prec.] steadiness,only as neg.<i>an°</i> unsteadiness,fickleness ThA.259.(Page 82),11,1
  3005. 90457,en,15,avatthiti,avaṭṭhiti,Avaṭṭhiti,Avaṭṭhiti,(f.) [Sk.avasthiti] (firm) position,posture,steadfastness S.V,228; Dhs.11,570.(Page 82),9,1
  3006. 90468,en,15,avatthu,avatthu,Avatthu,Avatthu,(&° ka) (adj.) [a + vatthu] groundless,unfounded (fig) Vin.II,241; J.I,440 (°kaṃ vacanaṃ).For lit meaning see <i>vatthu</i>.(Page 82),7,1
  3007. 90514,en,15,avattin,āvaṭṭin,Āvaṭṭin,Āvaṭṭin,(adj.-n.) [fr.āvaṭṭa instead of āvaṭṭana] only at M.I,91 in neg.<i>an°</i> not enticed by (Loc.),i.e.kāmesu.‹-› Cp.<i>āvattin</i>.(Page 111),7,1
  3008. 90515,en,15,avattin,āvattin,Āvattin,Āvattin,(adj.-n.) [fr.āvatta,cp.āvaṭṭin in diff.meaning] returning,coming back,one who returns,in spec.meaning of one who comes back in transmigration,syn.with āgāmin (an°),only in neg.<i>anāvattin</i> not returning,a non-returner,with <i>°dhamma</i> not liable to return at D.II,156; III,132; S.V,346,357,376,406; M.I,91; DA.I,313.(Page 111),7,1
  3009. 90548,en,15,avatuka,avāṭuka,Avāṭuka,Avāṭuka,see<i> apāṭuka</i>.<i> </i> (Page 84),7,1
  3010. 90556,en,15,avavata,avāvaṭa,Avāvaṭa,Avāvaṭa,(adj.) [a + vāvaṭa] unobstructed,unhindered,free.Of a woman,not married J.V,213 (= apetâvaraṇā,which read for °bharaṇā,apariggahitā C.).(Page 84),7,1
  3011. 90579,en,15,avaya,avaya,Avaya,Avaya,only in neg.<i>anavaya</i>.(Page 83),5,1
  3012. 90599,en,15,avayava,avayava,Avayava,Avayava,[Der<sup>n</sup> uncertain.Cp.mediaeval Sk.avayava] limb,member,constituent,part VvA.53 (sarīra° = gattā).168,201,276; PvA.211 (sarīra° = gattā),251 (mūl° the fibres of the root).As t.t.g.at SnA 397.In the commentaries <i>avayava</i> is often used where <i>aṅga</i> would have been used in the older texts.(Page 83),7,1
  3013. 90738,en,15,avebhangika,avebhaṅgika,Avebhaṅgika,Avebhaṅgika,(adj.) [fr.a + vi + bhaṅga] not to be divided or distributed Vin.I,305.Cp.next.(Page 86),11,1
  3014. 90747,en,15,avebhangiya,avebhaṅgiya,Avebhaṅgiya,Avebhaṅgiya,(nt.) [= avebhaṅgika] that which is not to be divided,an inalienable possession; 5 such objects enum<sup>d.</sup> at Vin.II,171,which are the same as under <i>avissajjiya</i> (q.v.); V,129.(Page 86),11,1
  3015. 90762,en,15,avecca,avecca,Avecca,Avecca,(adv.) [Usually taken as ava + ger.of <i>i</i> (*itya),cp.adhicca &#38; abhisamecca,but by P.grammarians as a + vecca.The form is not sufficiently clear semantically; B.Sk.avetya,e.g.Jtm.210,is a Sanskritisation of the P.form] certainly,definitely,absolutely,perfectly,expl<sup>d.</sup> by Bdhgh.as acala (on D.II,217),or as paññāya ajjhogahetvā (on Sn.229); by Dhp.as apara-paccaya-bhāvena (on Pv IV.1<sup>25</sup>).-- Usually in phrase <i>Buddhe Dhamme Saṅghe avecca-pasādo</i> perfect faith in the B.,the Dhamma &#38; the Saṅgha,e.g.at M.I,47; S.II,69; IV,271 sq.,304; V,344,405; A.I,222; II,56; III,212,332,451; IV,406; V,183; further at Ps.I,161 (°pasanna); Sn.229 (yo ariyasaccāni avecca passati); Pv IV.1<sup>25</sup>.(Page 85),6,1
  3016. 90811,en,15,avedha,avedha,Avedha,Avedha,(adj.) [a + vedha,grd.of <em>vidh</em><i> (</i><em>vyadh</em><i>)</i> to pierce,Sk.avedhya] not to be hurt or disturbed,inviolable,unshakable,imperturbable Sn.322 (°dhamma = akampanasabhāva SnA 331).(Page 86),6,1
  3017. 90816,en,15,avedha,āvedha,Āvedha,Āvedha,[cp.Sk.āviddha,ā + pp.of <em>vyadh</em>] piercing,hole,wound J.II,276 (v.l.aveddha; C.= viddha-ṭṭhāne vaṇa).(Page 113),6,1
  3018. 90830,en,15,avedhika,āvedhika,Āvedhika,Āvedhika,(adj.f.scil.pannā) [ā + vedhaka of āvedha,<em>vyadh</em>,but confused with āveṭh° of ā + <em>veṣṭ</em>,cp.āveṭhana &#38; nibbedhaka] piercing,penetrating; or ravelling,turning,rolling up or round (cp.āvijjhati which is derived from ā + <em>vyadh</em>,but takes its meaning from āveṭheti),discrimination,thinking over J.II,9 (+ nibbedhikā,v.l.for both ṭh).(Page 113),8,1
  3019. 90849,en,15,avekalla,avekalla,Avekalla,Avekalla,(°-) adj.) [a + vekalla] without deficiency,in <i>°buddhi</i> complete knowledge J.VI,297.(Page 85),8,1
  3020. 90888,en,15,avekkhati,avekkhati,Avekkhati,Avekkhati,[B.Sk.avīkṣate.The regular Pāli form however is apekkhati,to which the BSk.av° corresponds] to look at,to consider,to see It.33 (v.l.ap°); Dh.28,50,J.IV,6; DhA.I,259 (= passati).(Page 85),9,1
  3021. 90895,en,15,avekkhipati,avekkhipati,Avekkhipati,Avekkhipati,[avaṃ + khipati,<i>avaṃ</i> here in form <i>ave</i> corresp.to avaḥ,cp.pure for puraḥ etc.] to jump,hop,lit.to throw (a foot) down J.IV,251 (= pacchimapāde khipati C.).(Page 85),11,1
  3022. 90926,en,15,avela,āveḷa,Āveḷa,Āveḷa,(adj. &#38; °ā f.) [not with Müller P.Gr.10,30,37 = Sk.āpīḍa,but fr.ā + <em>veṣṭh</em> to wind or turn round,which in P.is represented by āveṭheti as well as āvijjhati; ḷ then standing for either ḍh (ṭh) or dh (āvedha,q.v.).There may have been an analogy influence through <em>vell</em> to move to and fro,cp.āveḷita.Müller refers to āveḷā rightly the late dial.(Prk.) āmela] -- 1.turning round,swinging round; diffusion,radiation; protuberance,with reference to the rays of the Buddha at J.I,12,95,501.‹-› 2.(f.) a garland or other ornament slung round &#38; worn over the head Vv 36<sup>2</sup> (kañcan°; = āveḷa-pilandhana VuA 167).See <i>āveḷin</i>.(Page 113),5,1
  3023. 90942,en,15,avelin,āveḷin,Āveḷin,Āveḷin,(adj.) [fr.āveḷā] wearing garlands or other headornaments,usually in f.°inī J.V,409 (= kaṇṇālaṅkārehi yuttā C.); Vv 30<sup>2</sup> (Voc.āvelinī,but at id.p.48<sup>2</sup> āveline),32<sup>3</sup>; VvA.125 (on Vv 30<sup>2</sup> expl<sup>s.</sup> as ratana-maya-pupph’‹-› āveḷavatī).(Page 113),6,1
  3024. 90945,en,15,avelita,āvelita,Āvelita,Āvelita,(ḷ?) [pp.of ā + <em>vell</em>,cp.āveḷa &#38; BSk.āviddha curved,crooked Av.Ś I.87,Lal.V.207] turned round,wound,curved J.VI,354 (°singika with curved horns,v.l.āvellita).(Page 113),7,1
  3025. 90962,en,15,aveni,āveṇi,Āveṇi,Āveṇi,(adj) (-°) [according to Trenckner,Notes 75 fr.ā + vinā “Sine quā non",but very doubtful] special,peculiar,separate Vin.II,204 (°uposatha etc.); J.I,490 (°saṅgha-kammāni).(Page 113),5,1
  3026. 90973,en,15,avenika,āveṇika,Āveṇika,Āveṇika,(adj.) [fr.āveṇi; cp.BSk.āveṇika Av.Ś I.14,108; Divy 2,182,268,302] special,extraordinary,exceptional S.IV,239; A.V,74 sq.; Vism.268; VvA.112 (°bhāva peculiarity,specialty),KhA 23,35.(Page 113),7,1
  3027. 91014,en,15,aveniya,āveṇiya,Āveṇiya,Āveṇiya,(adj.) = <i>āveṇika</i> Vin.I,71; J.IV,358; VI,128.(Page 113),7,1
  3028. 91024,en,15,avera,avera,Avera,Avera,(adj.) [a + vera] peaceable,mild,friendly Sn.150 (= veravirahita KhA 248); Sdhp.338.-- °ṃ (nt.) friendliness,kindness D.I,247 (°citta); Dh.5 (= khantimetta DhA I 51).(Page 86),5,1
  3029. 91050,en,15,averin,averin,Averin,Averin,(adj.-n.) = avera Dh.197,258.(Page 86),6,1
  3030. 91064,en,15,avesana,āvesana,Āvesana,Āvesana,(nt.) [fr.āvisati] entrance; workshop; living-place,house Vin II 117 (°vitthaka,meaning?); M II 53; Pv.II,9<sup>15</sup>.(Page 113),7,1
  3031. 91088,en,15,avethana,āveṭhana,Āveṭhana,Āveṭhana,(nt.) [ā + veṭhana,<em>veṣṭ</em>] rolling up,winding up or round,fig.explanation Miln.28 (+ nibbeṭhana,lit.rolling up and rolling down,ravelling &#38; unravelling),231 (°viniveṭhana).(Page 113),8,1
  3032. 91104,en,15,avethita,āveṭhita,Āveṭhita,Āveṭhita,[pp.of āveṭheti,ā + <em>veṣṭ</em>,cp.āvedhikā] turned round,slung round or over J.IV,383 sq.(v.l.āvedhita &#38; āveḷita,C.expl<sup>s.</sup> by parivattita).(Page 113),8,1
  3033. 91126,en,15,avhana,avhāna,Avhāna,Avhāna,(nt.) [fr.avhayati,Sk.āhvāna in diff.meaning] ‹-› 1.begging,calling,asking Sn.710; Vism.68 (°ânabhinandanā).-- 2.addressing,naming SnA 605 (= nāma).(Page 86),6,1
  3034. 91135,en,15,avhata,avhāta,Avhāta,Avhāta,[pp.of avhayati] called,summoned J.III,165 = (an° = anāhuta ayāctia) = Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup>,cp.PvA.64.The id.p.at Th.2,129 reads <i>ayācita</i>.(Page 86),6,1
  3035. 91151,en,15,avhaya,avhaya,Avhaya,Avhaya,[fr.avhayati; cp.Sk.āhvaya “betting"] calling,name; adj.(-°) called,having the name of Sn.684 (isi°),686 (Asit°),689 (kanhasiri°),1133 (Sace°,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 624).(Page 86),6,1
  3036. 91161,en,15,avhayana,avhāyana,Avhāyana,Avhāyana,(nt.) [cp.Sk.āhvayana] calling to,asking,invocation,imploration D.I,11 (Sir-avhāyane,v.l.avhayana; expl<sup>d.</sup> at DA.I,97 with reading Sirivhāyana as “ehi Siri mayhaṃ sire patiṭṭhāhī ti evaṃ sire Siriyā avhayanaṃ"),244,245 (v.l.avhāna).(Page 86),8,1
  3037. 91182,en,15,avhayati,avhayati,Avhayati,Avhayati, &#38; Avheti [Sk.āhvayati,ā + <em>hū</em> or <em>hvā</em>] -- 1.to call upon,invoke,appeal to D.I,244 (avhayāma imper.); PvA.164.-- 2.to call,call up,summon M 1.17; J.II,10,252 (= pakkosati); V,220 (avhayesi); VI,18,192,273 (avhettha pret.); Vv 33<sup>1</sup> (avheti).-- 3.to give a name,to call,to address SnA 487 (= āmanteti ālapati).-- pp.<i>avhāta</i> (q.v.).(Page 86),8,1
  3038. 91192,en,15,avhayika,avhāyika,Avhāyika,Avhāyika,(adj.) [fr.avhaya] calling,giving a name; (m.) one who gives a name J.I,401 = III,234.(Page 86),8,1
  3039. 91208,en,15,avi°,avī°,Avī°,Avī°,in general see <i>vī°</i>.(Page 85),4,1
  3040. 91215,en,15,avi,āvi,Āvi,Āvi,(adv.) [Sk.āviḥ,to Gr.a]i/w to hear,Lat.audio (fr.*auizdiō) to hear] clear,manifest,evident; openly,before one’s eyes,in full view.Only in phrase <i>āvi vā raho</i> openly or secret A.V,350,353; Pv.II,7<sup>16</sup> = DhA.IV,21 (āvī v.l.),expl<sup>d.</sup> at PvA.103 by pakāsanaṃ paresaṃ pākaṭavasana.Otherwise in foll.cpds.(with <em>kar</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>bhū</em>):<i>°kamma</i> making clear,evidence,explanation Vin.II,88; III,24; Pug.19,23; <i>°karoti</i> to make clear,show,explain D.III,121; Sn.84,85,349; J.V,457; Pug.57; VvA.79,150; <i>°bhavati</i> (°bhoti) to become visible or evident,to be explained,to get clear J.I,136; Vism.287 (fnt.āvibhavissati); DhA.II,51,82; <i>bhāva</i> appearance,manifestation D.I,78; A.III,17; J.II,50,111; Vism.390 sq.(revelation,opp.tirobhāva).Cp.pātur.(Page 112),3,1
  3041. 91383,en,15,avicareti,avicāreti,Avicāreti,Avicāreti,[a + vicāreti] not to examine VvA.336.(Page 85),9,1
  3042. 91401,en,15,aviccam,aviccaṃ,Aviccaṃ,Aviccaṃ,at J.V,434 read <i>aviviccaṃ</i> [a + viviccaṃ] i.e.not secretly,openly.(Page 85),7,1
  3043. 91474,en,15,avici,avīci,Avīci,Avīci,[B.Sk.avīci a + vīci (?) no intermission,or no pleasure (?),unknown,but very likely popular etym.] <i>1</i>.<i> avīciniraya</i>,<i> </i>one of the (great) hells (see <i>niraya</i>),described in vivid colours at many passages of the Pāli canon,e.g.at Vin.II,203 = It.86; Nd<sup>1</sup> 18,347,405 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 304 IIID; Ps.I,83; Dhs.1281; J.I,71,96; III,182; IV,159; DhA.I,148; PvA.52; SnA 290; Sdhp.37,194; Pgdp 5 sq.; etc etc.-- 2.disintegration,decay Vism.449 (a.jarā nāma).(Page 85),5,1
  3044. 91547,en,15,aviddasu,aviddasu,Aviddasu,Aviddasu,(adj.) [a + viddasu] ignorant,foolish Sn.762 (= bāla SnA.509); Dh.268 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 514 (= aviññū DhA.III,395); PvA.18 (so read for avindasu).(Page 85),8,1
  3045. 91560,en,15,aviddha,āviddha,Āviddha,Āviddha,[pp.of āvijjhati 2,cp.BSk.āviddha in meaning curved,crooked Av.S.I,87 Lal.V.207] whirling or spinning round,revolving; swung round,set into whirling motion J.IV,6 (cakkaṃ = kumbhakāra-cakkam iva bhamati C.); V,291.What does an-āviddha at PvA.135 mean? (Page 112),7,1
  3046. 91624,en,15,avidura,avidūra,Avidūra,Avidūra,(adj.) [a + vidūra] not far,near; usually in Loc.°e as adv.near Sn.147.(Page 85),7,1
  3047. 91773,en,15,aviha,aviha,Aviha,Aviha,[of uncertain etym.] the world of the Aviha’s,i.e.the 12th of the 16 Brahmā-words,cp.Kindred Sayings 48 n.3; Cpd.139.-- S.I,35,60; A.I,279; Pug.17.(Page 85),5,1
  3048. 91835,en,15,avihethaka,aviheṭhaka,Aviheṭhaka,Aviheṭhaka,(adj.) [a + viheṭhaka] not harassing,not hurting D.III,166 (but cp.SnA 318 <i>avihesaka</i> in same context); Miln.219.(Page 85),10,1
  3049. 91872,en,15,avihimsa,avihiṃsa,Avihiṃsa,Avihiṃsa,(Avihesa) (f.) [a + vihiṃsā] absence of cruelty,mercy,humanity,friendliness,love D.III,213,215,240 (avihesā); Sn.292 (= sakaruṇabhāva SnA 318); It.82 (°vitakka).(Page 85),8,1
  3050. 91988,en,15,avijanam,avijānaṃ,Avijānaṃ,Avijānaṃ,[a + vijānaṃ] not knowing,ignorant Ḍḥ.38,60; It.103.(Page 85),8,1
  3051. 92024,en,15,avijja,avijjā,Avijjā,Avijjā,(f.) [Sk.avidyā; fr.a + <em>vid</em>] ignorance; the main root of evil and of continual rebirth (see paṭicca-samuppāda,cp.S.II,6,9,12; Sn.p.141 &#38; many other passages).See on term Cpd.83 n.3,187 sq,262 sq. &#38; for further detail <i>vijjā</i>.avijjā is termed an <i>anusaya</i> (D.III,254,282; S.IV,205,208 sq.,212); it is one of the <i>āsavā</i> (Vin.III,4; D.I,84; III,216; It.49; Dhs.1100,1109),of the <i>oghā</i> (D.III,230,276; Dhs.390,1061,1162),of the <i>nīvaraṇāni</i> (S.II,23; A.I,223; It.8; Dhs.1162,1486),of the <i>saṃyojanāni</i> (D.III,254; Dhs.1131,1460).See for various characterisatons the foll.passages:Vin.I,1; III,3; D.III,212,230,234,274; M.I,54,67,144; S.II,4,26,263; III,47,162; IV,256; V,52; A.I,8,285; II,132,158,247; III,84 sq.,414; IV,228; It.34 (yā kāc’imā duggatiyo asmiṃ loke paramhi ca avijjāmūlakā sabbā icchā-lobha-sammussayā),57,81; Sn.199,277,729 (jāti-maraṇa-saṃsāraṃ ye vajanti punappunaṃ ...avijjāy’eva sā gati),730,1026,1033 (avijjāya nivuto loko); Dh.243; Nd<sup>2</sup> 99; Pug.21; Dhs.390,1061,1162; DhA.III,350; IV,161 (°paligha).(Page 85),6,1
  3052. 92433,en,15,avijjhana,āvijjhana,Āvijjhana,Āvijjhana,(so for āviñchana &#38; āviñjana) (adj.-n.) [fr.āvijjhati,lit.piercing through,i.e.revolving axis] -- 1.(= āvijjhati 2) swinging round,hanging loose,spinning in <i>āvijjhana-rajju</i> a loose,rope,esp.in mythology the swinging or whirling rope by which Sakka holds the world’s wheel or axis,in the latter sense at DhA.II,143 (T.āviñch° (v.l.āvijj°) = III,97,98 (where āviñjanaṭṭhāna for °rajju).Otherwise a rope used in connection with the opening &#38; shutting of a door (pulling rope?) Vin.II,120,148; J.V,298,299 (T.āviñj°,v.l.āvicch° &#38; āvij°).-- 2.(cp.āvijjhati 3) going to,approach,contact with DhsA.312 (°rasa,T.āviñj°,v.l.āviñch°; or is it “encompassing"? = āvijjhati 1 ?); Vism.444 (āviñjanarasa).-- 3.(cp.āvijjhati 5) pulling,drawing along Vin.III,121 (= ākaḍḍhanā nāma).(Page 112),9,1
  3053. 92436,en,15,avijjhanaka,āvijjhanaka,Āvijjhanaka,Āvijjhanaka,(nt.) [fr.āvijjhati in meaning 2] whirling round,that which spins round,the whirling-round wheel (or pole) of the world (cp.the potter’s wheel),the worldaxis DhA.II,146 (T.āviñch°).(Page 112),11,1
  3054. 92453,en,15,avijjhati,āvijjhati,Āvijjhati,Āvijjhati,(āviñjati,āviñchati) [ā + vijjhati of <em>vyadh</em> to pierce; thus recognised by Morris J P T S.1884,72,against Trenckner,Notes 59 (to <em>piñj</em>) &#38; Hardy Nett.Ind.= vicchāy] -- 1.to encircle,encompass,comprise,go round,usually in ger.<i>āvijjhitvā</i> (w.Acc.) used as prep.round about,near J.I,153 (khettaṃ),170 (pokkharaṇiṃ); DA.I,245 (nagaraṃ bahi avijjhitvā round the outer circle of the town).Ordinarily = go round (Acc.) at J.IV,59 (chārika-puñjaṃ).-- 2.[as in lit.Sk.] to swing round,brandish,twirl,whirl round Vin.III,127 (daṇḍaṃ āviñji); M.III,141 (matthena āviñjati to churn); J.I,313; V,291 (cakkaṃ,of a potter’s wheel); SnA 481 (T.āviñj°,v.l.āvijjh°; see āracaya°); DhA.II,277 (āviñchamāna T.; v.l.āsiñciy°,āvajiy°,āgañch°).-- 3.to resort to,go to,approach,incline to S.IV,199 (T.āviñch°; v.l.avicch° &#38; āviñj°); Nett 13.-- 4.to arrange,set in order J.II,406.‹-› 5.to pull (?) A.IV,86 (kaṇṇasotani āvijjeyyāsi,v.l.āvijj°,āviñj°,āvicc°,āviñch°; cp.Trenckner,Notes 59 āviñjati “to pull").-- pp.<i>āviddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 112),9,1
  3055. 92514,en,15,avikampamana,avikampamāna,Avikampamāna,Avikampamāna,(adj.) [a + vi + kampamāna,ppr.med.of <em>kamp</em>] not hesitating,not wavering,not doubting J.IV,310 (= anosakkamāna C.; Kern takes it at this passage as a + vikalpamāna,see Toev.s.v.,but unnecessarily); VI,176 (= nirāsaṅka C.); J.VI,273.(Page 84),12,1
  3056. 92540,en,15,avikampin,avikampin,Avikampin,Avikampin,(adj.) [fr.a + vi + <em>kamp</em>] unmoved,not shaking,steady Vv 50<sup>22</sup> (= acala VvA.215).(Page 84),9,1
  3057. 92688,en,15,avikkhepa,avikkhepa,Avikkhepa,Avikkhepa,[a + vikkhepa] calmness,balance,equanimity D.III,213; A.I,83; Ps.I,94; II,228; Dhs.11,15,570.(Page 84),9,1
  3058. 92815,en,15,avikopin,avikopin,Avikopin,Avikopin,(adj.) [a + vikopin; fr.vi +<em> kup</em>] not agitated,not moving,unshaken,undisturbed J.VI,226 (acchejja +).(Page 84),8,1
  3059. 92830,en,15,avila,āvila,Āvila,Āvila,(adj.) [is it a haplological contraction from ā + vi + <i>lul</i> to roll about?] stirred up,agitated,disturbed,stained,soiled,dirty A.I,9; III,233; J.V,16,90 (ābila); Nd<sup>1</sup> 488 (+ luḷita),489; ThA.251; DA.I,226.More frequent as <i>anāvila</i> undisturbed,clean,pure,serene D.I,76; S.III,83; IV,118; A.I,9; III,236; Sn.160; Dh.82,413; J.III,157; Miln.35; VvA.29,30; ThA.251.(Page 112),5,1
  3060. 92863,en,15,avilati,āvilati,Āvilati,Āvilati,[fr.āvila or is it a direct contraction of ā + vi + lulati?] to whirl round,to be agitated,to be in motion Miln.259 (+ luḷati).(Page 112),7,1
  3061. 92871,en,15,avilatta,āvilatta,Āvilatta,Āvilatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.āvila] confusion,disturbance,agitation Sn.967; Nd<sup>1</sup> 488.(Page 112),8,1
  3062. 92983,en,15,avinasaka,avināsaka,Avināsaka,Avināsaka,(°ika) (adj.) [a + vināsa + ka] not causing destruction A.III,38 (°ika); J.V,116 (= anāsaka C.).(Page 85),9,1
  3063. 92987,en,15,avinasana,avināsana,Avināsana,Avināsana,(adj.) [a + vināsana] imperishable Dpvs.IV,16.(Page 85),9,1
  3064. 93127,en,15,avinibbhoga,avinibbhoga,Avinibbhoga,Avinibbhoga,(ad.) [a + vinibbhoga] not to be distinguished,indistinct J.III,428 (°sadda).(Page 85),11,1
  3065. 93149,en,15,avinibbhujam,avinibbhujaṃ,Avinibbhujaṃ,Avinibbhujaṃ,(adj.) [ppr.of a + vinibbhujati] unable to distinguish or to know J v.121 (= atīrento C.).(Page 85),12,1
  3066. 93187,en,15,avinicchayannu,avinicchayaññū,Avinicchayaññū,Avinicchayaññū,(adj.) [a + vinicchaya + ñū] not knowing how to decide J.V,367.(Page 85),14,1
  3067. 93275,en,15,avinnanaka,aviññāṇaka,Aviññāṇaka,Aviññāṇaka,(adj.) [a + viññāṇa + ka] senscless,without feeling or consciousness,unfeeling DhA.I,6 (saviññāṇaka +).(Page 85),10,1
  3068. 93375,en,15,avinnu,aviññū,Aviññū,Aviññū,(adj.) = <i>aviddasu</i>.(Page 85),6,1
  3069. 93473,en,15,aviparinama,avipariṇāma,Avipariṇāma,Avipariṇāma,[a + viparināma] absence of change,steadfastness,endurance D.I,18; III,31,33 (°dhamma); DA.I,113 (= jarā-vasena vipariṇāmassa abhāvato).(Page 85),11,1
  3070. 93711,en,15,avippatisara,avippaṭisāra,Avippaṭisāra,Avippaṭisāra,[a + vippaṭisāra] absence of regret or remorse A.III,46.(Page 85),12,1
  3071. 93759,en,15,avippavasa,avippavāsa,Avippavāsa,Avippavāsa,(adj.-n.) [a + vippavāsa] thoughtfulness,mindfulness,attention; adj.not neglectful,mindful,attentive,eager Vin.V,216; Sn.1142 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 101:anussatiyā bhāvento); DA.I,104 (appamādo vuccati satiyā avippavāso); DhA.IV,26 (appamāda = satiyā avippavāsa).(Page 85),10,1
  3072. 93969,en,15,avirodha,avirodha,Avirodha,Avirodha,[a + virodha] absence of obstruction,gentleness M.II,105 = Th.1,875.(Page 85),8,1
  3073. 93986,en,15,avirodhana,avirodhana,Avirodhana,Avirodhana,(nt.) = avirodha J.III,320,412; V,378.(Page 85),10,1
  3074. 94013,en,15,aviruddha,aviruddha,Aviruddha,Aviruddha,(adj.) [a + viruddha] not contrary,unobstructed,free,without difficulties Dh.406; Sn.365,704,854.(Page 85),9,1
  3075. 94088,en,15,avirulhi,avirūḷhi,Avirūḷhi,Avirūḷhi,(f.) [a + virūḷhi] absence or cesssation of growth Sn.235; DhA.I,245 (°dhamma).(Page 85),8,1
  3076. 94128,en,15,avisaggata,avisaggatā,Avisaggatā,Avisaggatā,(f.) [a + visaggatā,v.l.viy°,thus as a + viyagga,Sk.vyagra = ākula] state of being undisturbed,harmony,balance J.VI,224 (C.avisaggata).Cp.<i>avyagga</i>.(Page 85),10,1
  3077. 94158,en,15,avisahata,avisāhaṭa,Avisāhaṭa,Avisāhaṭa,(adj.) [a + visāhaṭa] imperturbed Dhs.15,24,287,570.(°mānasata).(Page 85),9,1
  3078. 94197,en,15,avisamvadaka,avisaṃvādaka,Avisaṃvādaka,Avisaṃvādaka,(adj.) [a + visaṃvada + ka] not deceiving,not lying D.I,4; III,170; Pug.57; DA.I,73.(Page 85),12,1
  3079. 94222,en,15,avisamvadanata,avisaṃvādanatā,Avisaṃvādanatā,Avisaṃvādanatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.a + visaṃvāda] honesty,faithfulness,uprightness D.III,190.(Page 85),14,1
  3080. 94231,en,15,avisamvadeti,avisaṃvādeti,Avisaṃvādeti,Avisaṃvādeti,[a + visaṃ + Caus.of <em>vad</em>] to keep one’s word,to be honest,to be true J.V,124.(Page 85),12,1
  3081. 94284,en,15,avisare,avisare,Avisare,Avisare,at J.V,117 according to Kern,Toev.s.v.corrupted from <i>avisaye</i>,i.e.towards a wrong or unworthy object [a + visaya,loc],C.differently:avisare = avisaritvā atikkamitva; v.l.<i>adhisare</i>.(Page 85),7,1
  3082. 94306,en,15,avisati,āvisati,Āvisati,Āvisati,[ā + <em>vīś</em>] to approach,to enter Vin.IV,334; Sn.936 (aor.āvisi); J.IV,410,496; Vism.42.(Page 112),7,1
  3083. 94420,en,15,avissaji,avissaji,Avissaji,Avissaji,at J.VI,79 is with Kern,Toev.s.v.better to be read <i>avassaji</i> (see avassajati).(Page 85),8,1
  3084. 94458,en,15,avissajjiya,avissajjiya,Avissajjiya,Avissajjiya,(adj.) [grd.of a + vissajjati] not to be given away,inalienable (cp.avebhaṅgiya) Vin.I,305 (°ika for °iya); II,170 (five such objects in detail); V,216 (+ avebh°); J.VI,568.(Page 85),11,1
  3085. 94472,en,15,avissasaniya,avissāsaniya,Avissāsaniya,Avissāsaniya,(adj.) [a + visāsana + iya,ika] not to be trusted,untrustworthy J.III,474.(Page 85),12,1
  3086. 94564,en,15,avitakka,avitakka,Avitakka,Avitakka,(adj.) [a + vitakka] free from thought D.III,219,274; Th.2,75 (“where reasonings cease" trsl.); Dhs.161 (“free from the working of conception" trsl.),504 etc.(Page 85),8,1
  3087. 94840,en,15,avivada,avivāda,Avivāda,Avivāda,[a + vivāda] absence of contesting or disputing,agreement,harmony D.III,245; Sn.896 (°bhūma SnA 557 or °bhumma Nd<sup>1</sup> 308,expl<sup>d.</sup> as Nibbāna).(Page 85),7,1
  3088. 94996,en,15,avosita,avosita,Avosita,Avosita,[reading uncertain,cp.avyosita] only in neg.<i>an°</i> unfulfilled,undone Th.1,101.(Page 86),7,1
  3089. 95022,en,15,avudha,āvudha,Āvudha,Āvudha,(nt.) [Vedic āyudha,fr.ā + <em>yudh</em> to fight] an instrument to fight with,a weapon,stick etc.D III 219; M.II,100; A.IV,107,110; Sn.1008; J.I,150; II,110; III,467; IV,160,283,437; Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.72; Miln.8,339; DhA.II,2; IV,207; SnA 225,466 (°jīvika = issattha).See also <i>āyudha</i>.(Page 113),6,1
  3090. 95103,en,15,avunati,āvuṇāti,Āvuṇāti,Āvuṇāti,[in form = *avṛṇoti,ā + <em>vṛ</em>,cp.āvarati,but in meaning = *āvayati,ā + <i>vā</i> to weave,thus a confusion of the two roots,the latter being merged into the former] to string upon,to fix on to (c.Loc.),to impale J.I,430; III,35; V,145; VI,105.-- Caus.II.<i>āvuṇāpeti</i> J.III,218 (sūle).-- pp.<i>āvuta<sup>1</sup></i> (q.v.),whereas the other pp.<i>āvaṭa</i> is the true derivative of ā + <i>vṛ</i>.(Page 113),7,1
  3091. 95200,en,15,avuso,āvuso,Āvuso,Āvuso,(Voc.pl.m.) [a contracted form of āyusmanto pl.of āyusman,of which the regular Pāli form is āyasmant,with v for y as frequently in Pāli,e.g.āvudha for āyudha] friend,a form of polite address “friend,brother,Sir",usually in conversation between bhikkhus.The grammatical construction is with the pl.of the verb,like bhavaṃ and bhavanto.-- Vin.II,302; D.I,151,157; II,8; SnA 227; DhA.I,9; II,93; PvA.12,13,38,208.(Page 113),5,1
  3092. 95214,en,15,avuta,āvuta,Āvuta,Āvuta,<sup>2</sup> <i>= Āvaṭa</i> (see āvuṇāti &#38; āvuta<sup>1</sup>) covered,obstructed,hindered It.8 (mohena); also in phrase <i>āvuta nivuta ophuta</i> etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 24 (ṭ) = Nd<sup>2</sup> 365 = DA.I,59.(Page 113),5,1
  3093. 95215,en,15,avuta,āvuta,Āvuta,Āvuta,[pp.of āvuṇāti in meaning of Sk.āvayati,the corresponding Sk.form being ā + uta = ota] -- 1.strung upon,tied on,fixed on to D.I,76 (suttaṃ); II,13 (id.); A.I,286 (tantāvutaṃ web); J.III,52 (valliyā); VI,346 (suttakena); DA.I,94 (°sutta).-- 2.impaled,stuck on (sūle on the pale) J.I,430; III,35; V,497; VI,105; PvA.217,220.(Page 113),5,1
  3094. 95305,en,15,avuttha,āvuttha,Āvuttha,Āvuttha,[pp.of āvasati] inhabited D.II,50 (an°); S.I,33.(Page 113),7,1
  3095. 95370,en,15,avuyhamana,āvuyhamāna,Āvuyhamāna,Āvuyhamāna,ppr.of āvuyhati (Pass.of āvahati),being conveyed or brought VvA.237 (reading uncertain).(Page 113),10,1
  3096. 95379,en,15,avyagga,avyagga,Avyagga,Avyagga,(ad) [a + vyagga,Sc.vyagra] not bewildered,not confused S.V,66.Cp.<i>avisaggatā</i>.(Page 86),7,1
  3097. 95380,en,15,avyaharati,avyāharati,Avyāharati,Avyāharati,[a + vy + āharati] not to bring or procure J.V,80.(Page 86),10,1
  3098. 95399,en,15,avyapada,avyāpāda,Avyāpāda,Avyāpāda,[a + vyāpāda] absence of desire to injure,freedom from malice D.III,215,229,240; It.82 (all MSS.have aby°); Dhs.33,36,277,313,1056.(Page 86),8,1
  3099. 95411,en,15,avyapajjha,avyāpajjha,Avyāpajjha,Avyāpajjha,<sup>2</sup> (abyābajjha) adj.) [either a + *vyāpadya or more likely a + *vyābādhya] free from oppression or injury; not hurting,kind D.II,242 (avera +),276; M.I,90; It.16 = 52 (sukhaṃ); Miln.410 (avera +).(Page 86),10,1
  3100. 95412,en,15,avyapajjha,avyāpajjha,Avyāpajjha,Avyāpajjha,<sup>1</sup> (abyābajjha) (nt.) [a + vyapajjha or bajjha,a confusion between the roots <em>bādh</em> or <em>pad</em>] (act.) kindness of heart; (pass.) freedom from suffering (Ep.of Nibbāna) Vin.I,183 (avyāpajjh°âdhimutta); It.31 (abyābajjh’ārāma).(Page 86),10,1
  3101. 95418,en,15,avyapanna,avyāpanna,Avyāpanna,Avyāpanna,(adj.) [a + vyāpanna] free from desire to injure,free from malice,friendly,benevolent D.III,82,83 (°citta); A.II,220 (id.); Pug.68 (id.).-- Same in B.Sk.e.g.Divy 105,302.(Page 86),9,1
  3102. 95425,en,15,avyaseka,avyāseka,Avyāseka,Avyāseka,(adj.) [a + vy + āseka] untouched,unimpaired D.I,182 (°sukha = kilesa vyāseka-virahitattā avyāseka DA.I,183); Pug.59.(Page 86),8,1
  3103. 95427,en,15,avyatha,avyatha,Avyatha,Avyatha,(adj.) [a + vyatha,cp.Sk.vyathā misfortune] not miserable,fortunate J.III,466 (= akilamāna C.).(Page 86),7,1
  3104. 95434,en,15,avyattata,avyattatā,Avyattatā,Avyattatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.avyatta] state or condition of not being manifest or visible,concealment,hiding DhA.II,38.(Page 86),9,1
  3105. 95440,en,15,avyavata,avyāvaṭa,Avyāvaṭa,Avyāvaṭa,(adj.) [a + vyāvaṭa = Sk vyāpṛta] not occupied,i.e.careless,neglectful,not worrying Vin.III,136; Nd<sup>2</sup> 72 (abyāvaṭa for appossukka Sn.43); J.III,65; VI,188.Miln.177 (abyā°).(Page 86),8,1
  3106. 95445,en,15,avyaya,avyaya,Avyaya,Avyaya,[a + vyaya | absence of loss or change,safety D.I.72 (Instr.°ena safely); Miln.393 (as abbaya T.).(Page 86),6,1
  3107. 95447,en,15,avyayata,avyāyata,Avyāyata,Avyāyata,(adj.) [a + vyāyata of <em>yam</em>] at random,without discrimination,careless J.I,496 (= avyatta C.).(Page 86),8,1
  3108. 95451,en,15,avyayika,avyāyika,Avyāyika,Avyāyika,(adj.) [fr.avyaya] not liable to loss or change,imperishable J.V,508 (= avigacchanaka C.).(Page 86),8,1
  3109. 95456,en,15,avyosita,avyosita,Avyosita,Avyosita,(adj.) [a + vyosita,Sk.vyavasita] not having reached perfection,imperfect Th.1,784 (aby°).(Page 86),8,1
  3110. 95467,en,15,aya,aya,Aya,Aya,<sup>2</sup> (fr.<i>i</i>,go) 1.income,in <i>aya-potthaka</i> receipt book J.I,2.-- 2.inlet (for water,<i>aya-mukha</i>) D.I,74; A.II,166,IV.287.(Page 75),3,1
  3111. 95468,en,15,aya,aya,Aya,Aya,<sup>1</sup> see <i>ayo</i>.(Page 74),3,1
  3112. 95481,en,15,aya,āya,Āya,Āya,[Sk.āya; ā + <em>i</em>] 1.coming in,entrance M.III,93.‹-› 2.tax J.V,113.-- 3.income,earning,profit,gain (opp.vaya loss) A.IV,282 = 323; Sn.978; J.I,228; KhA 38 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of kāya),82 (in etym.of āyatana); PvA.130.‹-› 4.(āyā f.?) a lucky dice (“the incomer") J.VI,281.<br><br> <i>--kammika</i> a treasurer DhA.I,184.<i>--kusala</i> clever in earnings Nett 20.<i>--kosalla</i> proficiency in money making D.III,220 (one of the three kosallas); Vbh.325.<i>--pariccāga</i> expediture of one’s income PvA.8.<i>--mukha</i> (lit.) entrance,inflow,going in D.I,74 (= āgamana-magga DA 1.78); M.II,15; A.II,166; (fig.) revenue income,money SnA 173.(Page 104),3,1
  3113. 95503,en,15,ayacaka,āyācaka,Āyācaka,Āyācaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.ā + <em>yāc</em>] one who begs or prays,petitioner Miln.129.(Page 105),7,1
  3114. 95519,en,15,ayacana,āyācana,Āyācana,Āyācana,(nt.) [fr.āyācati] -- 1.asking,adhortation,addressing (t.t.g.in expl<sup>n.</sup> of imperative) SnA 43,176,412.-- 2.a vow,prayer A.I,88; III,47; J.I,169 = V.472.(Page 105),7,1
  3115. 95559,en,15,ayacati,āyācati,Āyācati,Āyācati,[ā + <em>yāc</em>,cp.Buddh.Sk.āyācate Divy 1.] -- 1.to request,beg,implore,pray to (Acc.) Vin.III,127; D.I,240; PvA.160.-- 2.to make a vow,to vow,promise A.I,88; J.I,169 = V.472; I,260; II,117.-- pp.<i>āyācita</i> (q.v.).(Page 105),7,1
  3116. 95584,en,15,ayacita,āyācita,Āyācita,Āyācita,[pp.of āyācati] vowed,promised J.I,169 (°bhattajātaka N.).(Page 106),7,1
  3117. 95623,en,15,ayaga,āyāga,Āyāga,Āyāga,[ā + yāga of <em>yaj</em>] sacrificial fee,gift; (m.) recipient of a sacrifice or gift (deyyadhamma) Sn.486 (= deyyadhammānaṃ adhiṭṭhāna-bhūta SnA 412); Th.1,566; J.VI,205 (°vatthu worthy objact of sacrificial fees).(Page 105),5,1
  3118. 95713,en,15,ayam,ayaṃ,Ayaṃ,Ayaṃ,(pron.) [Sk.ayaṃ etc.,pron.base Idg.*i (cp.Sk.iha),f.*ī.Cp.Gr.i]n,min; Lat.is (f.ea,nt.id); Goth is,nt.ita; Ohg.er (= he),nt.ez (= it); Lith.jìs (he),f.jì (she).] demonstr.pron.“this,he"; f.ayaṃ; nt.idaṃ &#38; imaṃ “this,it" etc.This pron.combines in its inflection two stems,viz.<i>as°</i> (ayaṃ in Nom.m. &#38; f.) &#38; <i>im°</i> (id° in Nom.nt.).<br><br> I.Forms.A.(sg.) Nom.m.ayaṃ Sn.235; J.I,168,279; f.ayaṃ [Sk.iyaṃ] Kh VII.12; J.II,128,133; nt.idaṃ Sn.224; J.III,53; &#38; imaṃ Miln.46.Acc.m.imaṃ J.II,160; f.imaṃ [Sk.īmāṃ] Sn.545,1002; J.I,280.Gen.Dat.m.imassa J.I,222,279 &#38; assa Sn.234,1100; Kh VII.12 (Dat.); J.II,158; f.imissā J.I,179 &#38; assā [Sk.asyāḥ] J.I,290; DhA.III,172.Instr.m.nt.iminā J.I,279; PvA.80 &#38; (peculiarly or perhaps for amunā) aminā Sn.137; f.imāya [Sk.anayā] J.I,267.The Instr.anena [Sk.anena] is not proved in Pāli.Abl.<i>asmā</i> Sn.185; Dh.220; &#38; imasmā (not proved).Loc.m.nt.imasmiṃ Kh III,; J.II,159 &#38; asmiṃ Sn.634; Dh.242; f.imissā PvA.79 (or imissaṃ?) &#38; imāyaṃ (no ref.).-- B.(pl.) Nom.m.ime J.I,221; Pv.I,8<sup>3</sup>; f.imā [Sk.imāḥ] Sn.897 &#38; imāyo Sn.1122; nt.imāni [= Sk.] Vin.I,84.Acc.m.ime [Sk.imān] J.I,266; II,416; f.imā [Sk.imāḥ] Sn.429; J.II,160.Gen.imesaṃ J.II,160 &#38; esaṃ [Sk.eṣāṃ] M.II,86, &#38; esānaṃ M.II,154; III,259; f.also āsaṃ J.I,302 (= etāsaṃ C.) &#38; imāsaṃ.Instr.m.nt imehi J.VI,364; f.imāhi.Loc.m.nt.imesu [Sk.eṣu] J.I,307.<br><br> II.Meanings (1) <i>ayaṃ</i> refers to what is immediately in front of the speaker (the subject in question) or before his eyes or in his present time &#38; situation,thus often to be trsl<sup>d.</sup> by “before our eyes",“the present",“this here",“just this" ( &#38; not the other) (opp.para),viz.atthi imasmiṃ kāye “in this our visible body" Kh III,; yath’âyaṃ padīpo “like this lamp here" Sn.235; ayaṃ dakkhiṇā dinnā “the gift which is just given before our eyes" Kh VII.12; ime pādā imaṃ sīsaṃ ayaṃ kāyo Pv.I,8<sup>3</sup>; asmiṃ loke paramhi ca “in this world &#38; the other" Sn.634,asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ kathaṃ pecca na socati Sn.185; cp.also Dh.220,410; J.I,168; III,53.-- (2) It refers to what immediately precedes the present of the speaker,or to what has just been mentioned in the sentence; viz.yaṃ kiñci vittaṃ ...idam pi Buddhe ratanaṃ “whatever ...that" Sn.224; ime divase these days (just gone) J.II,416; cp.also Vin.I,84; Sn.429; J.II,128,160.-- (3) It refers to what immediately follows either in time or in thought or in connection:dve ime antā “these are the two extremes,viz." Vin.I,10; ayaṃ eva ariyo maggo “this then is the way" ibid.; cp.J.I,280.‹-› (4) With a touch of (often sarcastic) characterisation it establishes a closer personal relation between the speaker &#38; the object in question &#38; is to be trsl<sup>d.</sup> by “like that,such (like),that there,yonder,yon",e.g.imassa vānarindassa “of that fellow,the monkey" J.I,279; cp.J.I,222,307; II 160 (imesaṃ sattānaṃ “creatures like us").So also repeated as ayañ ca ayañ ca “this and this",“so and so" J.II,3; idañ c’idañ ca “such &#38; such a thing" J.II,5.-- (5) In comb<sup>n</sup> with a pron.rel.it expresses either a generalisation (whoever,whatever) or a specialisation (= that is to say,what there is of,i.e.Ger.und zwar),e.g.yâyaṃ taṇhā Vin.I,10; yo ca ayaṃ ...yo ca ayaṃ “I mean this ...and I mean" ibid.; ye kec’ime Sn.381; yadidaṃ “i.e." Miln.25; yatha-y-idaṃ “in order that" (w.pot.) Sn.1092.See also seyyathīdaṃ.-- (6) The Gen.of all genders functions in general as a possessive pron.of the 3<sup>rd</sup> = his,her,its (lit.of him etc.) and thus resembles the use of tassa,e.g.āsava’ssa na vijjanti “his are no intoxications" Sn.1100; sīlaṃ assā bhindāpessāmi “I shall cause her character to be defamed" J.I,290; assa bhariyā “his wife" J.II,158 etc.freq.(Page 75),4,1
  3119. 95730,en,15,ayama,āyāma,Āyāma,Āyāma,[fr.ā + <em>yam</em>,see āyamati] -- 1.(lit.) stretching,stretching out,extension Vin.I,349 = J.III,488 (mukh°).‹-› 2.(appl.) usually as linear measure:extension,length (often comb<sup>d.</sup> with and contrasted to <i>vitthāra</i> breadth or width &#38; <i>ubbedha</i> height),as n.(esp.in Abl.āyāmato &#38; Instr.āyāmena in length) or as adj.(-°):J.I,7,49 (°ato tīṇi yojanasatāni,vitthārato aḍḍhatiyāni); III,389; Miln.17 (ratanaṃ soḷasahatthaṃ āyāmena aṭṭhahatthaṃ vitthārena),282 (ratanaṃ catuhatth’āyāmaṃ); Vism.205 (+ vitth°); Khb 133 (+ vitthāra &#38; parikkhepa); VvA.188 (soḷasayojan°),199 (°vitthārehi),221 (°ato + vitth°); PvA.77 (+ vitth°),113 (id.+ ubbedha); DhA.I,17 (saṭṭhi-yojan°).(Page 106),5,1
  3120. 95745,en,15,ayamati,āyamati,Āyamati,Āyamati,[ā + <em>yam</em>] to stretch,extend,stretch out,draw out Miln.176,usually in ster.phrase <i>piṭṭhi me āgilāyati tam ahaṃ āyamissāmi</i> “my back feels weak,I will stretch it" Vin.II,200; D.III,209; M.I,354; S.IV,184; J.I,491.‹-› Besides this in commentaries e.g.J.III,489 (mukhaṃ āyamituṃ).(Page 105),7,1
  3121. 95788,en,15,ayana,ayana,Ayana,Ayana,(nt.) [Vedic ayana,fr.<i>i</i>] (a) “going",road.-- (b) going to,goal S.V,167 (ekāyano maggo leading to one goal,a direct way),185 (id.); DA.I,313; Dāvs.IV,40.‹-› See also eka°.(Page 75),5,1
  3122. 95797,en,15,ayana,āyanā,Āyanā,Āyanā,(f.) [?] at DhsA.259 and Vism.26 is a grammarian’s construction,abstracted from f.abstr.words ending in <i>°āyanā</i>,e.g.kaṅkhā › kaṅkhāyanā,of which the correct expl<sup>n.</sup> is a derivation fr.caus.-formation kaṅkhāyati › kaṅkhāy + a + nā.What the idea of Bdhgh.was in propounding his expl<sup>n.</sup> is hard to say,perhaps he related it to i and understood it to be the same as <i>āyāna</i>.(Page 105),5,1
  3123. 95798,en,15,ayana,āyāna,Āyāna,Āyāna,(nt.) [fr.ā + <em>yā</em> to go] coming,arrival:see <i>āyanā</i>.(Page 106),5,1
  3124. 95892,en,15,ayasa,ayasa,Ayasa,Ayasa,(nt.) [a + yasa,cp.Sk.ayaśaḥ] ill repute,disgrace Miln.139,272; Dāvs.I,8.(Page 75),5,1
  3125. 95904,en,15,ayasa,āyasa,Āyasa,Āyasa,(adj.) [Sk.āyasa,of ayas iron] made of iron S.II,182; A.III,58; Dh.345; J.IV,416; V,81; Vv 84<sup>5</sup> (an°? cp.the rather strange expl<sup>n.</sup> at VvA.335).(Page 105),5,1
  3126. 95912,en,15,ayasa,āyāsa,Āyāsa,Āyāsa,[cp.Sk.āyāsa,etym.?] trouble,sorrow,only neg.<i>an°</i> (adj.) peaceful,free from trouble A.IV,98; Th.1,1008.(Page 106),5,1
  3127. 95932,en,15,ayasakya,āyasakya,Āyasakya,Āyasakya,(nt.) dishonour,disgrace,bad repute A.IV,96; J.V,17; VvA.110; usually in phrase <i>°ṃ pāpuṇāti</i> to fall into disgrace Th.1,292; J.II,33 = 271; III,514.[Bdhgh.on A.IV,96 explains it as ayasaka + ya with guṇa of the initial,cp.ārogya].(Page 105),8,1
  3128. 95986,en,15,ayasmant,āyasmant,Āyasmant,Āyasmant,(adj.) [Sk.āyuṣmant,the P.form showing assimilation of u to a] lit.old,i.e.venerable; used,either as adj.or absolute as a respectful appellation of a bhikkhu of some standing (cp.the semantically identical <i>thera</i>).It occurs usually in Nom.<i>āyasmā</i> and is expl<sup>d.</sup> in Nd by typical formula “piya-vacanaṃ garu°,sagārava-sappaṭissâdhivacanaṃ",e.g.Nd<sup>1</sup> 140,445; Nd<sup>2</sup> 130 on var.Sn.loci (e.g.814,1032,1040,1061,1096).-- Freq.in all texts,of later passages see SnA 158; PvA.53,54,63,78.-- See also <i>āvuso</i>.(Page 105),8,1
  3129. 96014,en,15,ayata,āyata,Āyata,Āyata,[Sk.āyata,pp.of ā + <em>yam</em>,cp.āyamati] -- 1.(adj.) outstretched,extended,long,in length (with numeral) D.III,73 (ñātikkhaya,prolonged or heavy?); M.I,178 (dīghato ā°; tiriyañ ca vitthata); J.I,77,273 (tettiṃs’-aṅgul’āyato khaggo); III,438; Vv 84<sup>15</sup> (°aṃsa; cp.expl<sup>n.</sup> at VvA.339); SnA 447; DhsA.48; PvA.152 (dāṭhā fangs; lomā hair),185 (°vaṭṭa); Sdhp.257.-- 2.(n.) a bow J.III,438.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> having its point (end) stretched forward,i.e.in the future (see āyati) It.15,52.<i>--paṇhin</i> having long eye-lashes (one of the signs of a Mahāpurisa) D.II,17 = III,143.<i>--pamha</i> a long eye-lash Th.2,384 (= dīghapakhuma ThA.250).(Page 105),5,1
  3130. 96020,en,15,ayata,āyāta,Āyāta,Āyāta,[pp.of āyāt.; cp.BSk.āyāta in same meaning at Jtm 210] gone to,undertaken Sdhp.407.(Page 106),5,1
  3131. 96042,en,15,ayataka,āyataka,Āyataka,Āyataka,(adj.) [= āyata] -- 1.long.extended,prolonged,kept up,lasting Vin.II,108 (gītassara); A.III,251 (id.); J.I,362.-- 2.sudden,abrupt,Instr.<i>°ena</i> abruptly Vin.II,237.(Page 105),7,1
  3132. 96057,en,15,ayatana,āyatana,Āyatana,Āyatana,(nt.) [Sk.āyatana,not found in the Vedas; but freq.in BSk.From ā + <i>yam</i>,cp.āyata.The pl.is <i>āyatanā</i> at S.IV,70.-- For full definition of term as seen by the Pāli Commentators see Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> at DA.I,124,125,with which cp.the popular etym.at KhA 82:“āyassa vā tananato āyatassa vā saṃsāradukkhassa nayanato āyatanāni" and at Vism.527 “āye tanoti āyatañ ca nayatī ti ā."] -- 1.stretch,extent,reach,compass,region; sphere,locus,place,spot; position,occasion (corresponding to Bdhgh’s definition at DA.I,124 as “samosaraṇa") D.III,241,279 (vimutti°); S.II,41,269; IV,217; V,119 sq.,318.sq.; A.III,141 (ariya°); V,61 (abhibh°,q.v.) Sn.406 (rajass° “haunt of passion" = rāgādi-rajassa uppatti-deso SnA 381); J.I,80 (raj°).Freq.in phrase <i>araññ°</i> a lonely spot,a spot in the forest J.I,173; VvA.301; PvA.42,54.-- 2.exertion,doing,working,practice,performance (comprising Bdhgh’s definition at DA.I,124 as paññatti),usually --°,viz.<i>kamm°</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 505; Vbh.324,353; <i>kasiṇ°</i> A.V,46 sq.,60; Ps.I,28; <i>titth°</i> A.I,173,175; Vbh.145,367; <i>sipp°</i> (art,craft) D.I,51; Nd<sup>2</sup> 505; Vbh.324,353; cp.<i>an°</i> non-exertion,indolence,sluggishness J.V,121.-- 3.sphere of perception or sense in general,object of thought,sense-organ &#38; object; relation,order.-- Cpd.p.183 says rightly:“āyatana cannot be rendered by a single English word to cover both sense-organs (the mind being regarded as 6<sup>th</sup> sense) and sense objects".-- These āyatanāni (relations,functions,reciprocalities) are thus divided into two groups,inner (ajjhattikāni) and outer (bāhirāni),and comprise the foll.:(a) <i>ajjhatt°</i>:1.<i>cakkhu</i> eye,2.<i>sota</i> ear,3.<i>ghāna</i> nose,4.<i>jivhā</i> tongue,5.<i>kāya</i> body,6.<i>mano</i> mind; (b) <i>bāh°</i>:1.<i>rūpa</i> visible object,2.<i>sadda</i> sound,3.<i>gandha</i> odour,4.<i>rasa</i> taste,5.<i>phoṭṭhabba</i> tangible object,6.<i>dhamma</i> cognizable object.-- For details as regards connotation &#38; application see Dhs.trsl.introduction li sq.Cpd.90 n.2; 254 sq.-- Approximately covering this meaning (3) is Bdhgh’s definition of āyatana at DA.I,124 as sañjāti and as kāraṇa (origin &#38; cause,i.e.mutually occasioning &#38; conditioning relations or adaptations).See also Nd<sup>2</sup> under rūpa for further classifications.-- For the above mentioned 12 āyatanāni see the foll.passages:D.II,302 sq.; III,102,243; A.III,400; V,52; Sn.373 (cp.SnA 366); Ps.I,7,22,101,137; II,181,225,230; Dhs.1335; Vbh.401 sq.; Nett 57,82; Vism.481; ThA.49,285.Of these 6 are mentioned at S.I,113,II.3; IV,100,174 sq.; It.114; Vbh.135 sq.,294; Nett 13,28,30; Vism.565 sq.Other sets of 10 at Nett 69; of 4 at D.II,112,156; of 2 at D.II,69.-- Here also belongs ākās’ānañc’āyatana,ākiñcaññ° etc.(see under ākāsa etc.and s.v.),e.g.at D.I,34 sq.,183; A.IV,451 sq.; Vbh.172,189,262 sq.; Vism.324 sq.-- Unclassified passages:M.I,61; II,233; III,32,216,273; S.I,196; II,6,8,24,72 sq.; III,228; IV,98; V,426; A.I,113,163,225; III,17,27,82,426; IV,146,426; V,30,321,351,359; Nd<sup>1</sup> 109,133,171,340; J.I,381 (paripuṇṇa°); Vbh.412 sq.(id.).<br><br> <i>--uppāda</i> birth of the āyatanas (see above 3) Vin.I,185.<i>--kusala</i> skilled in the ā.M.III,63.<i>--kusalatā</i> skill in the spheres (of sense) D.III,212; Dhs.1335.<i>--ṭṭha</i> founded in the sense-organs Ps.I,132; II,121.(Page 105),7,1
  3133. 96171,en,15,ayatanika,āyatanika,Āyatanika,Āyatanika,(adj.) [fr.āyatana] belonging to the sphere of (some special sense,see āyatana 3) S.IV,126 (phass° niraya &#38; sagga).(Page 105),9,1
  3134. 96309,en,15,ayati,āyati,Āyati,Āyati,(f.) [fr.ā + <em>yam</em>,cp.Sk.āyati] “stretching forth",extension,length (of time),future.Only (?) in Acc.<i>āyatiṃ</i> (adv.) in future Vin.II,89,185; III,3; Sn.49; It.115 (T.reads āyati but cp.p.94 where T.āyatiṃ,v.l.āyati); J.I,89; V,431; DA.I,236.(Page 105),5,1
  3135. 96320,en,15,ayati,āyāti,Āyāti,Āyāti,[ā + yāti of <em>yā</em>] to come on or here,to come near,approach,get into S.I,240; Sn.669; Sn.p.116 (= gacchati SnA 463); J.IV,410; pv II.12<sup>12</sup> (= āgacchati PvA.158); DhA.I,93 (imper.āyāma let us go).-- pp.<i>āyāta</i>.(Page 106),5,1
  3136. 96335,en,15,ayatika,āyatika,Āyatika,Āyatika,(adj.) [fr.last] future S.I,142.(Page 105),7,1
  3137. 96343,en,15,ayatika,āyatikā,Āyatikā,Āyatikā,(f.) [of āyataka] a tube,waterpipe Vin.II,123.(Page 105),7,1
  3138. 96367,en,15,ayatta,āyatta,Āyatta,Āyatta,[Sk.āyatta,pp.of ā + <em>yat</em>].-- 1.striving,active,ready,exerted J.V,395 (°mana = ussukkamana C.).‹-› 2.striven after,pursued J.I,341.-- 3.dependent on Vism.310 (assāsa-passāsa°); Nett 194; Sdhp.477,605.(Page 105),6,1
  3139. 96410,en,15,ayira,ayira,Ayira,Ayira,( &#38; Ayyira) (n.-adj.) [Vedic ārya,Metathesis for ariya as diaeretic form of ārya,of which the contracted (assimilation) form is ayya.See also ariya] (n.) ariyan,nobleman,gentleman (opp.servant); (adj.) arīyan,wellborn,belonging to the ruling race,noble,aristocratic,gentlemanly J.V,257; Vv 39<sup>6</sup>.-- f.<i>ayirā</i> lady,mistress (of a servant) J.II,349 (v.l.oyyakā); Voc.ayire my lady J.V,138 (= ayye C.).(Page 75),5,1
  3140. 96421,en,15,ayiraka,ayiraka,Ayiraka,Ayiraka,= ayira; cp.ariyaka &#38; ayyaka; D.III,190 (v.l.BB yy); J.II,313.(Page 75),7,1
  3141. 96440,en,15,ayo,ayo,Ayo,Ayo, &#38; Aya (nt.) [Sk.ayaḥ nt.iron &#38; ore,Idg.*ajes-,cp.Av.ayah,Lat.aes,Goth.aiz,Ohg.ēr (= Ger.Erz.),Ags.ār (= E.ore).] iron.The Nom.<i>ayo</i> found only in set of 5 metals forming an alloy of gold (jātarūpa),viz.<i>ayo</i>,<i> loha</i> (copper),<i>tipu</i> (tin),<i>sīsa</i> (lead),<i>sajjha</i> (silver) A.III,16 = S.V,92; of obl.cases only the Instr.<i>ayasā</i> occurs Dh.240 (= ayato DhA.III,344); Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup> (paṭikujjita,of Niraya).-- Iron is the material used kat)e)coxήn in the outfit &#38; construction of Purgatory or Niraya (see niraya &#38; Avīci &#38; cp.Vism.56 sq.).-- In comp<sup>n.</sup> both <i>ayo° </i>&<i> aya°</i> occur as bases.<br><br> I.<i>ayo°:--kapāla</i> an iron pot A.IV,70 (v.l.°guhala); Nd<sup>2</sup> 304 <SUP>III,D 2</SUP> (of Niraya).<i>--kūṭa</i> an iron hammer PvA.284.<i>--khīla</i> an iron stake S.V,444; M.III,183 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 304 <SUP>III,C</SUP>; SnA 479.<i>--guḷa</i> an iron ball S.V,283; Dh.308; It.43 = 90; Th.2,489; DA.I,84.<i>--ghana</i> an iron club Ud.93; VvA.20.<i>--ghara</i> an iron house J.IV,492.<i>--paṭala</i> an iron roof or ceiling (of Niraya) PvA.52.<i>--pākāra</i> an iron fence Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup> = Nd<sup>2</sup> 304 <SUP>III,D 1</SUP>.<i>--maya made</i> of iron Sn.669 (kūṭa); J.IV,492 (nāvā); Pv.I,10<sup>14</sup> (bhūmi of N.); PvA.43,52.<i>--muggara</i> an iron club PvA.55.<i>--saṅku</i> an iron spike S.IV,168; Sn.667.<br><br> II.<i>aya°:--kapāla</i> = ayo° DhA.I,148 (v.l.ayo°).<i>-kāra</i> a worker in iron Miln.331.<i>--kūṭa</i> = ayo° J.I,108; DhA.II,69 (v.l.).<i>--naṅgala</i> an iron plough DhA.I,223; III,67.<i>--paṭṭaka</i> an iron plate or sheet (cp.loha°) J.V,359.<i>--paṭhavi</i> an iron floor (of Avīci) DhA.I,148.<i>--saṅghāṭaka</i> an iron (door) post DhA.IV,104.<i>--sūla</i> an iron stake Sn.667; DhA.I,148.(Page 75),3,1
  3142. 96476,en,15,ayoga,āyoga,Āyoga,Āyoga,[Sk.āyoga,of ā + <em>yuj</em><i>;</i> cp.āyutta] -- 1.binding,bandage Vin.II,135; Vv 33<sup>41</sup>; VvA.142 (°paṭṭa).-- 2.yoke Dhs.1061 (avijj°),1162.-- 3.ornament,decoration Nd<sup>1</sup> 226; J.III,447 (°vatta,for v.l.°vanta?).-- 4.occupation,devotion to,pursuit,exertion D.I,187; Dh.185 (= payoga-karaṇa DhA.III,238).-- 5.(t.t.) obligation,guarantee(?) SnA 179.-- Cp.sam°.(Page 106),5,1
  3143. 96604,en,15,ayojjha,ayojjha,Ayojjha,Ayojjha,(adj.) [Sk.ayodhya] not to be conquered or subdued M.II,24.(Page 75),7,1
  3144. 96817,en,15,ayu,āyu,Āyu,Āyu,(nt.) [Vedic āyus; Av.āyu,gradation form of same root as Gr.ai]w/n “aeon",ai]έn always; Lat.aevum,Goth.aiws.Ohg.ēwa,io always; Ger.ewig eternal; Ags.āē eternity,ā always (cp.ever and aye)] life,vitality,duration of life,longevity D.III,68,69,73,77; S.III,143 (usmā ca); IV,294; A.I,155; II,63,66 (addh°); III,47; IV,76,139; Sn.694,1019; It.89; J.I,197 (dīgh°); Vv 55<sup>5</sup> (cp.VvA.247 with its definition of divine life as comprising 30 600 000 years); Vism.229 (length of man’s āyu = 100 years); Dhs.19,82,295,644,716; Sdhp.234,239,258.-- Long or divine life,dibbaṃ āyu is one of the 10 attributes of ādhipateyya or majesty (see <i>ṭhāna</i>),thus at Vin.I,294; D.III,146; S.IV,275 sq.; A.I,115; III,33; IV,242,396; Pv.II,9<sup>59</sup> (= jīvitaṃ PvA.136).<br><br> <i>--ūhā</i> see āyūhā.<i>--kappa</i> duration of life Miln.141; DhA.I,250.<i>--khaya</i> decay of life (cp.jīvita-kkhaya) D.I,17 (cp.DA.I,110); III,29.<i>--pamāṇa</i> span or measure of life time D.II,3; A.I,213,267; II,126 sq.; IV,138,252 sq.,261; V,172; Pug.16; Vbh.422 sq.; SnA 476.<i>--pariyanta</i> end of life It.99; Vism.422.<i>--saṅkhaya</i> exhaustion of life or lifetime Dpvs.V,102.<i>--saṅkhāra</i> (usually pl.°ā) constituent of life,conditions or properties resulting in life,vital principle D.II,106; M.I,295 sq.; S.II,266; A.IV,311 sq.; Ud.64; J.IV,215; Miln.285; Vism.292; DhA.I,129; PvA.210.Cp.BSk.āyuḥ-saṃskāra Divy 203.(Page 106),3,1
  3145. 96850,en,15,ayudha,āyudha,Āyudha,Āyudha,is the Vedic form of the common Pāli form āvudha weapon,and occurs only spuriously at D.I,9 (v.l.āvudha).(Page 106),6,1
  3146. 96864,en,15,ayuha,āyūhā,Āyūhā,Āyūhā,f.[āyu + ūhā] life,lifetime,only in <i>°pariyosāna</i> at the end of (his) life PvA.136,162; VvA.319.(Page 106),5,1
  3147. 96871,en,15,ayuhaka,āyūhaka,Āyūhaka,Āyūhaka,(adj.) [fr.āyūhati] keen,eager,active Miln.207 (+ viriyavā).(Page 106),7,1
  3148. 96887,en,15,ayuhana,āyūhana,Āyūhana,Āyūhana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.āyūhati] -- 1.endeavouring,striving,Ps.I,10 sq.,32,52; II,218; Vism.103,212,462,579.f.<i>āyūhanī</i> Dhs.1059 (“she who toils" trsl.) = Vbh.361 = Nd<sup>2</sup> taṇhā 1.(has āyūhanā).-- 2.furtherance,pursuit DA.I,64 (bhavassa).(Page 106),7,1
  3149. 96942,en,15,ayuhapeti,āyūhāpeti,Āyūhāpeti,Āyūhāpeti,[Caus.II.fr.āyūhati] to cause somebody to toil or strive after DhsA.364.(Page 106),9,1
  3150. 96950,en,15,ayuhati,āyūhati,Āyūhati,Āyūhati,[ā + y + ūhati with euphonic y,fr.Vedic ūhati,<em>ūh</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>,a gradation of <em>vah</em> (see etym.under vahati).Kern’s etym.on Toev.99 = āyodhati is to be doubted,more acceptable is Morris’expl<sup>n.</sup> at J.P.T.S.1885,58 sq.,although contradictory in part.] lit.to push on or forward,aim at,go for,i.e.(1) to endeavour,strain,exert oneself S.I,1 (ppr.anāyūhaṃ unstriving),48; J.VI,35 (= viriyaṃ karoti C.),283 (= vāyamati C.).-- (2) to be keen on (w.Acc.),to cultivate,pursue,do Sn.210 (= karoti SnA 258); Miln.108 (kammaṃ ūyūhitvā),214 (kammaṃ āyūhi),326 (maggaṃ).-- pp.<i>āyūhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 106),7,1
  3151. 96968,en,15,ayuhita,āyūhita,Āyūhita,Āyūhita,[*Sk.ā + ūhita,pp.of <em>ūh</em>] busy,eager,active Miln.181.(Page 106),7,1
  3152. 97009,en,15,ayuka,āyuka,Āyuka,Āyuka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.āyu] -- being of life; having a life or age A.IV,396 (niyat°); VvA.196 (yāvatāyukā dibbasampatti divine bliss lasting for a lifetime).Esp.freq.in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>dīgha</i> (long) and <i>appa</i> (short) as dīghāyuka A.IV,240; PvA.27; appāyuka A.IV,247; PvA.103; both at Vism.422.In phrase vīsati-vassasahass’āyukesu manussesu at the time when men lived 20 000 years D.II,5--12 (see Table at Dial.II.6); DhA.II,9; PvA.135; dasa-vassasahass’āyukesu manussesu (10 000 years) PvA.73; cattāḷīsa° DhA.I,103; catusaṭṭhi-kapp’āyukā subhakiṇhā Vism.422.(Page 106),5,1
  3153. 97029,en,15,ayukin,āyukin,Āyukin,Āyukin,(adj.) [fr.āyu] = āyuka; in appāyukin short lived Vv 41<sup>6</sup>.(Page 106),6,1
  3154. 97140,en,15,ayusmant,āyusmant,Āyusmant,Āyusmant,(adj.) [Sk.āyuṣmant; see also the regular P.form āyasmant] having life or vitality PvA.63 (āyusmāviññāṇa feeling or sense of vitality; is reading correct?).(Page 106),8,1
  3155. 97145,en,15,ayussa,āyussa,Āyussa,Āyussa,(adj.) [Sk.*āyuṣya] connected with life,bringing (long) life A.III,145 dhamma).(Page 106),6,1
  3156. 97156,en,15,ayuta,āyuta,Āyuta,Āyuta,(adj.) [Sk.ayuta,pp.of ā + <em>yu</em>,yuvati] -- 1.connected with,endowed,furnished with Th.1,753 (dve pannaras’āyuta due to twice fifteen); Sn.301 (nārī-varagaṇ° = °saṃyutta SnA 320); Pv.II,12<sup>4</sup> (nānā-saragaṇ° = °yutta PvA.157).-- 2.seized,conquered,in <i>dur°</i> hard to conquer,invincible J.VI,271 (= paccatthikehi durāsada C.).(Page 106),5,1
  3157. 97176,en,15,ayutta,āyutta,Āyutta,Āyutta,[Sk.āyukta; pp.of ā + <em>yuj</em>] -- 1.yoked,to connected with,full of Pv.I,10<sup>14</sup> (tejas’āyuta T.,but PvA.52 reads °āyutta and expl<sup>ns.</sup> as samāyutta); PvA.157 (= ākiṇṇa of Pv.II,12<sup>4</sup>).-- 2.intent upon,devoted to S.I,67.nāyuttaṃ (Page 106),6,1
  3158. 97206,en,15,ayuttaka,āyuttaka,Āyuttaka,Āyuttaka,(adj.-n.) [āyutta + ka] one who is devoted to or entrusted with,a trustee,agent,superintendent,overseer J.I,230 (°vesa); IV,492; DhA.I,101,103,180.(Page 106),8,1
  3159. 97327,en,15,ayuvant,āyuvant,Āyuvant,Āyuvant,(adj.) [fr.āyu] advanced in years,old,of age Th.1,234.(Page 106),7,1
  3160. 97346,en,15,ayya,ayya,Ayya,Ayya,(n.-adj.) [contracted form for the diaeretic ariya (q.v.for etym.).See also ayira] (a) (n.) gentleman,sire,lord,master J.III,167 = PvA.65; DhA.I,8 (ayyā pl.the worthy gentlemen,the worthies),13 (amhākaṃ ayyo our worthy Sir); II,95.-- (b) (adj.) worthy,gentlemanly,honourable Vin.II,191; DhA.II,94 sq.-- The Voc.is used as a polite form of address (cp.Ger.“Sie" and E.address “Esq.") like E.Sir,milord or simply “you" with the implication of a pluralis majestatis; thus Voc.proper <i>ayya</i> J.I,221,279,308; pl.Nom.as Voc.<i>ayyā</i> in addressing several J.II,128,415; Nom.sg.as Voc.(for all genders &#38; numbers) <i>ayyo</i> Vin.II,215; J.III,126,127.-- f.<i>ayyā</i> lady,mistress M.II,96 (= mother of a prince); DhA.I,398; Voc.<i>ayye</i> my lady J.V,138.<br><br> <i>--putta</i> lit.son of an Ariyan,i.e.an aristocratic (young) man gentleman (cp.in meaning kulaputta); thus (a) son of my master (lit.) said by a servant J.III,167; (b) lord,master,“governor" J.I,62 (by a servant); DA.I,257 (= sāmi,opp.dāsi-putta); PvA.145 (by a wife to her husband); DhA.II,110; (c) prince (see W.Z.K.M.XII.,1898,75 sq. &#38; Epigraphia Indica III,137 sq.) J.VI,146.(Page 75),4,1
  3161. 97364,en,15,ayyaka,ayyaka,Ayyaka,Ayyaka,[demin.of ayya] grandfather,(so also BSk.,e.g.M Vastu II.426; III,264) J.III,155; IV,146; VI,196; Pv.I,84; Miln.284.ayyaka-payyakā grandfather &#38; great grandfather,forefathers,ancestors J.I,2; PvA.107 (= pitāmahā).-- f.<i>ayyakā</i> grandmother,granny Vin.II,169; S.I,97; J.II,349 (here used for “lady",as v.l.BB); &#38; <i>ayyikā</i> Th.2,159; Vism.379.(Page 75),6,1
  3162. 97438,en,15,ba,ba,Ba,Ba,(indecl.) the sound ( &#38; letter) b,often substituted for or replaced by p ( &#38; ph):so is e.g.in Bdhgh’s view pahuta the word bahuta,with p for b (KhA 207),cp.bakkula,badara,badālatā,baddhacara,bandhuka 2,bala,balīyati,bahuka,bahūta,billa,bella; also paribandha for paripantha; phāla2.Also substituted for v,cp.bajjayitvā v.l.vajjetvā DAI,4,and see under Nibb-.(Page 481),2,1
  3163. 97447,en,15,babbaja,babbaja,Babbaja,Babbaja,[cp.Vedic balbaja,doubtful whether it belongs to Lat.bulbus; for the initial b.very often p.is found:see pabbaja] a sort of coarse grass or reed,used to make slippers,etc.Vin.I,190; D.II,55; S.II,92; III,137; IV,158; A.II,211; Dh.345; DhA.IV,55. --pādukā a slipper out of b.grass DhA.III,451.--lāyaka cutter or reaper of grass S.III,155; A.III,365.(Page 482),7,1
  3164. 97464,en,15,babbu,babbu,Babbu,Babbu,( &#38; °ka) Epic [Sk.babhruka a kind of ichneumon; Vedic babhru brown,cp.Lat.fiber=beaver,further connection “bear," see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.fiber] a cat J.I,480 (=biḷāra C.)=DhA.II,152.Babbhara [onomat.,cp.Sk.balbalā-karoti to stammer or stutter,barbara=Gr.baρbaros stuttering,people of an unknown tongue,balbūtha Np.“stammerer"; also Lat.balbas,Ger.plappern,E.blab; babbhara is a redupl.formation fr.*bhara-bhara=barbara,cp.J.P.T.S.1889,209; Geiger,P.Gr.§ 20] imitation of a confused rumbling noise M.I,128.-- Cp.also P.mammana and sarasara.(Page 482),5,1
  3165. 97486,en,15,badalata,badālatā,Badālatā,Badālatā,(f.) [etym.uncertain,may it be *padālatā,pa+ n.ag.of dal Caus.,lit.“destroyer"?] a creeper (with thorns Kern,Toev.s.v.) D.III,87=Vism.418; Bdhgh says (see Dial.III,84) “a beautiful creeper of sweet taste." (Page 481),8,1
  3166. 97495,en,15,badara,badara,Badara,Badara,(m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Ved.badara &#38; badarī] the fruit of the jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba),not unlike a crabapple in appearance &#38; taste,very astringent,used for medicine A.I,130=Pug.32; A.III,76; Vin.IV,76; J.III,21; DhsA.320 (cited among examples of acrid flavours); VvA.186.Spelling padara for b° at J.IV,363; VI,529. --aṭṭhi kernel of the j.SnA 247.--paṇḍu light yellow (fresh) jujube-fruit A.I,181 (so read for bhadara°).--missa mixture or addition of the juice of jujube-fruits Vin.IV,76.--yūsa juice of the j.fruit VvA.185.(Page 481),6,1
  3167. 97558,en,15,badari,badarī,Badarī,Badarī,(f.) [cp.Sk.badarī] the jujube tree J.II,260.(Page 481),6,1
  3168. 97587,en,15,baddha,baddha,Baddha,Baddha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.bandhati] a leather strap,a thong Vin.I,287 (T.bandha perhaps right,cp.ābandhana 3); PvA.127.(Page 481),6,1
  3169. 97588,en,15,baddha,baddha,Baddha,Baddha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of bandhati] 1.bound,in bondage M.I,275; S.I,133; IV,91; Sn.957 (interpreted as “baddhacara" by Nd1 464); Dh.324.-- 2.snared,trapped J.II,153; III,184; IV,251,414.-- 3.made firm,settled,fastened,bound (to a cert.place) KhA 60 (°pitta,opp.abaddha°).-- 4.contracted,acquired Vin.III,96.-- 5.bound to,addicted or attached to Sn.773 (bhavasāta°,cp.Nd1 30).-- 6.put together,kneaded,made into cakes (of meal) J.III,343; V,46; VI,524.-- 7.bound together,linked,clustered DhA.I,304 kaṇṇika° (of thoughts).-- 9.set,made up (of the mind) DhA.I,11 (mānasaṃ te b.).‹-› Cp.ati°,anu°,a°,ni°,paṭi°,vini°,sam°. --añjalika keeping the hands reverently extended Dāvs III,30.--rāva the cry of the bound (or trapped) J.IV,279,415 (v.l.bandhana°).--vera having contracted an enmity,hostile,bearing a grudge DhA.I,324.(Page 481),6,1
  3170. 97616,en,15,baddhacara,baddhacara,Baddhacara,Baddhacara,see paddhacara.(Page 481),10,1
  3171. 97820,en,15,badha,bādha,Bādha,Bādha,[fr.<em>bādh</em>] lit.pressing (together),oppression,hindrance,annoyance J.VI,224.Cp.sam°.(Page 485),5,1
  3172. 97835,en,15,badhaka,bādhaka,Bādhaka,Bādhaka,(adj.) [fr.<em>bādh</em>] oppressing,harassing,injurious Vism.496 (dukkhā aññaṃ na °ṃ); VvA.214; PvA.175.(Page 485),7,1
  3173. 97849,en,15,badhakatta,bādhakatta,Bādhakatta,Bādhakatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.bādhaka] the fact of being oppressive or injurious Vism.496.(Page 485),10,1
  3174. 97864,en,15,badhana,bādhana,Bādhana,Bādhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>bādh</em>] 1.snaring,catching (of animals etc.) S.V,148; J.I,211.-- 2.hindrance DA.I,132.‹-› 3.affliction,injury,hurting Vism.495; PvA.116.(Page 485),7,1
  3175. 97891,en,15,badhati,bādhati,Bādhati,Bādhati,[Vedic bādhate,bādh; Idg.*bheidh to force,cp.Goth.baidjan,Ohg.beitten.See Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.fido.In Pali there seems to have taken place a confusion of roots <em>bādh</em> and <em>bandh</em>,see bādheti &#38; other derivations] to press,weigh on; oppress,hinder,afflict,harm D.II,19; J.I,211; IV,124; Vism.400; DhA.I,24.grd.bādhitabba ThA.65; Pass.bādhiyati to be afflicted,to become sore,to suffer SnA 481; ThA.282; ppr.bādhiyamāna PvA.33 (so read for °ayamāna),69.-- Caus.bādheti; pp.bādhita (q.v.).Cp.vi°.(Page 485),7,1
  3176. 97936,en,15,badheti,bādheti,Bādheti,Bādheti,[Caus.of bādhati; the confusion with bandhati is even more pronounced in the Caus.According to Kern,Toev.s.v.we find bādhayati for bandhayati in Sk.as well] 1.to oppress,afflict,hurt,injure J.VI,224; PvA.198 (bādheyya=heṭhayeyya).grd.bādhanīya PvA.175.Cp.paribādheti in same sense.-- 2.to bind,catch,snare Th.1,454; 2,299; J.II,51 (aor.bādhayiṃsu); IV,342; V,295,445 (pot.bādhaye= bādheyya C.on p.447; vv.ll.baddh°,bandh°).grd.bādhetabba S.IV,298.(Page 485),7,1
  3177. 97957,en,15,badhin,bādhin,Bādhin,Bādhin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>bādh</em>] (lit.oppressing),snaring; as n.a trainer Vin.II,26 (Ariṭṭha gaddha°-pubba); IV,218 (id.).(Page 485),6,1
  3178. 97963,en,15,badhira,badhira,Badhira,Badhira,(adj.) [cp.Vedic badhira,on etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.fatuus,comparing Goth.baups and M.Irish bodar] deaf Vin.I,91,322; Th.1,501= Miln.367; J.I,76 (jāti°); V,387; VI,7; DhA.I,312.See also mūga. --dhātuka deaf by nature J.II,63; IV,146; DhA.I,346.(Page 481),7,1
  3179. 97988,en,15,badhita,bādhita,Bādhita,Bādhita,[pp.of bādhati] oppressed,pressed hard,harassed Dh.342 (but taken by C.as “trapped,snared," baddha DhA.IV,49); ThA.65.(Page 485),7,1
  3180. 98023,en,15,baha,bāhā,Bāhā,Bāhā,(f.) [a specific Pali doublet of bāhu,q.v.It is on the whole restricted to certain phrases,but occurs side by side of bāhu in others,like pacchā-bāhaṃ &#38; °bāhuṃ,bāhaṃ &#38; bāhuṃ pasāreti] 1.the arm A.II,67=III,45 (°bala); Vin.II,105; J.III,62; V,215 (°mudu).pacchā-bāhaṃ arm(s) behind (his back) D.I,245 (gāḷhabandhanaṃ baddha).bāhaṃ pasāreti to stretch out the arm D.I,222=M.I,252≈.bāhāyaṃ gahetvā taking (him or her) by the arm D.I,221 sq.; M.I,365 (nānā-bāhāsu g.); PvA.148.bāhā paggayha reaching or stretching out one’s arms (as sign of supplication) D.II,139; J.V,267; PvA.92 and passim.-- 2.not quite certain,whether “post" of a door or a “screen" (from bahati3),the former more likely.Only --° in ālambana° post to hold on to,a balustrade Vin.II,120,152; dvāra° doorpost D.II,190; Pv.I,51.Cp.bāhitikā. --aṭṭhi (bāh°) arm-bone KhA 50.--paramparāya arm in arm Vin.III,126.(Page 486),4,1
  3181. 98050,en,15,bahala,bahala,Bahala,Bahala,(adj.) [cp.Class.Sk.bahala &#38; Ved.bahula] dense,thick Vin.II,112; J.I,467 (°palāpa-tumba a measure thickly filled with chaff); II,91; Miln.282; Vism.257 (°pūva,where KhA 56 omits bahala),263 (opp.tanuka); KhA 62 (°kuthita-lākhā thickly boiled,where in id.p.Vism.261 has accha-lākhā,i.e.clear); DhA.IV,68; VvA.162 (=aḷāra).--subahala very thick Miln.258 (rajojalla).(Page 484),6,1
  3182. 98287,en,15,bahalatta,bahalatta,Bahalatta,Bahalatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.above] thickness,swollen condition,swelling J.I,147.(Page 484),9,1
  3183. 98340,en,15,bahati,bahati,Bahati,Bahati,<sup>3</sup> [a Pali root,to be postulated as der.fr.bahi in sense of “to keep out"] only in Caus.formations:to keep outside,lit.to make stay outside or away.See bāhā 2; bāheti,paribāhati.(Page 484),6,1
  3184. 98341,en,15,bahati,bahati,Bahati,Bahati,<sup>2</sup> [<em>baṃh</em> doublet of <em>bṛh</em>2] to strengthen,increase,see brūhana (upa°); otherwise only in pp.bāḷha (q.v.).The Dhtp (344,cp.Dhtm 506) explns “baha braha brūha:vuddhiyaṃ." (Page 484),6,1
  3185. 98342,en,15,bahati,bahati,Bahati,Bahati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>bṛh</em><i>1</i>] to pull,see ab°,ub°,nib°, &#38; cp.udabbahe,pavāḷha.(Page 484),6,1
  3186. 98346,en,15,bahati,bāhati,Bāhati,Bāhati,see bāheti.(Page 486),6,1
  3187. 98365,en,15,baheti,bāheti,Bāheti,Bāheti,<sup>2</sup> [Caus.of bahati4,cp.Sk.vāhayati] to carry,see sam° (sambāhana,meaning rubbing,stroking).Whether atibāheti belongs here,is doubtful.(Page 487),6,1
  3188. 98366,en,15,baheti,bāheti,Bāheti,Bāheti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of bahati3 or denom.fr.bahi] to keep away,to keep outside,to ward off; only with ref.to pāpa (pāpaka) to keep away (from) sin S.I,141 (bāhetvā pāpāni); Sn.519=Nd2 464a (bāhetvā pāpakāni); Dh.267; a popular etymology of brāhmaṇa (pāpaṃ bahenti) D.III,94 (bāhitvā,better bāhetvā,expld by panuditvā DhA.III,393; v.l.K vāh°).-- pp.bāhita (q.v.).See also nib°,pari°.(Page 487),6,1
  3189. 98380,en,15,bahi,bahi,Bahi,Bahi,(adv.) [cp.Vedic bahis &#38; bahir; the s(ḥ) is restored in doubling of cons.in compn like bahig-gata Vv 5015,in bahiddhā and in lengthening of i as bahī J.V,65] outside:1.(adv.) J.I,361 (°dvāre-gāma a village outside the city gates); Pv.I,102; DhA.III,118; PvA.24,61.‹-› 2.(prep.) with Acc.(direction to) J.I,298 (°gāmaṃ); with Loc.(place where) °dvāra-koṭṭhake outside the gate M.II,92; A.III,31; °nagare outside the city J.II,2; PvA.39.47; °vihāre outside the monastery DhA.I,315. --gata gone outside (i.e.into worldly affairs,or according to VvA.213 engaged with the bahiddh’ārammaṇāni) Vv 5015 (abahiggata-mānasa with his mind not gone outside himself).--nikkhamana going outside of (Abl.),leaving Vism.500 (mātukucchito bahinikkhamanaṃ mūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ).(Page 484),4,1
  3190. 98480,en,15,bahiddha,bahiddhā,Bahiddhā,Bahiddhā,(adv.) [fr.bahi,cp.Vedic bahirdhā,formation in °dhā,like ekadhā,sattadhā etc.of numerals] outside (adv. &#38; prep.) D.I,16; II,110; S.I,169; III,47,103; IV,205; V,157; Vin.III,113 (°rūpa opp.ajjhatta-rūpa :Sn.203; VbhA.260 (kāye); DhA.I,211 (c.gen); III,378 (sāsanato b.); DhsA.189.--ajjhatta° inside &#38; outside,personal-external see ajjhatta.-- The bahiddh’ārammaṇāni (objects of thought concerning that which is external) are the outward sense-objects in the same meaning as bāhirāni āyatanāni are distinguished fr.ajjhattikāni āyatanāni (see āyatana 3 and ārammaṇa 3).They are discussed at Vism.430 sq.; cp.Dhs.1049.-- The phrase “ito bahiddhā" refers to those outside the teaching of the Buddha (“outside this our doctrine"),e.g.at D.I,157; S.I,133; A.IV,25; Dhs.1005.(Page 484),8,1
  3191. 98744,en,15,bahika,bāhika,Bāhika,Bāhika,(adj.) [=bāhiya] foreign in °raṭṭha-vāsin living in a foreign country J.III,432 (or is it N.? Cp.J.VII.p.94).(Page 486),6,1
  3192. 98920,en,15,bahira,bāhira,Bāhira,Bāhira,(adj.) [fr.bahi,as Sk.bāhya fr.bahis,cp.also bāhiya] 1.external,outside (opp.abbhantara inside),outer,foreign D.II,75; A.IV,16; Dh.394 (fig.in meaning of 2); J.I,125 (antara° inside &#38; outside); 337 (out of office,out of favour,of ministers); VI,384 (bāhiraṃ karoti to turn out,turn inside out); Pv IV.11 (nagarassa b.); Miln.281 (°abbhantara dhana); VvA.68 (°kittibhāva fact of becoming known outside).--santara° (adj.) [=sa-antara] including the inward &#38; outward parts D.I,74; A.III,25; Th.1,172; J.I,125.-- 2.external to the individual,objective (opp.ajjhattika subjective) M.III,274 (cha āyatanā); J.IV,402 (°vatthuṃ ayācitvā ajjhattikassa nāmaṃ gaṇhāti); Dhs.674 (cp.trsl.p.207); Vbh.13; Miln.215; Vism.450.-- 3.heretical,outsider in religious sense,non-Buddhist,freq.applied to the Brahmanic religion &#38; their practice (samaya) Kvu 251 (+puthujjana-pakkhe ṭhita); DhA.III,378 (=mana,i.e.Bhagavato sāsanato bahiddhā).-- Cases as adv.bāhirato from outside,from a foreign country J.I,121; bāhire outside (the Buddhist order) Dh.254. --assāda finding his enjoyment in outward things A.I,280 (Kern,Toev.s.v.suggests “inclined towards heretic views").--āsa one whose wishes are directed outwards,whose desires are turned to things external Th.1,634.--kathā non-religious discourse,profane story Miln.24 (applied to the introductory chapter,thus “outside story" may be translated).--tittha doctrine of outsiders J.III,473.--dāna gift of externals,gift of property as opposed to gift of the person J.IV,401; VI,486; Dāvs III,33.--pabbajjā the ascetic life outside the community of the Buddha; Brahmanic saintly life (thus equal to isi-pabbajjā.cp.bāhiraka°).J.III,352; IV,305.--bhaṇḍa property,material things,objects J.IV,401.--mantā ritualistic texts (or charms) of religions other than the Buddha’s J.III,27.--rakkhā protection of external means S.I,73.--lomi with the fleece outside (of a rug) Vin.II,108.--samaya doctrine of the outsiders,i.e.Brahmins DhA.III,392.(Page 486),6,1
  3193. 98987,en,15,bahiraka,bāhiraka,Bāhiraka,Bāhiraka,(adj.) [=bāhira,but specialised in meaning bāhira 3] outsider,non-religious,non-Buddhist,heretic,profane S.II,267; A.I,73; III,107; Kvu 172 (isayo); VvA.67 (itthi). --kathā unreligious discussion,profane story KhA 118 (cp.bāhirakathā).--tapa=foll.J.I,390.--pabbajjā the ascetic life as led by disciples of other teachers than the Buddha,esp.Brahmanic (cp.bāhira° and BSk.bāhirako mārgaḥ,e.g.MVastu I.284; II,210; II,223) J.III,364; DhA.I,311.(Page 486),8,1
  3194. 99198,en,15,bahiratta,bāhiratta,Bāhiratta,Bāhiratta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.bāhira] being outside (of the individual),externality Vism.450.(Page 486),9,1
  3195. 99241,en,15,bahirima,bāhirima,Bāhirima,Bāhirima,(adj.) [fr.bāhira,compar.-adversative formation] outer,external,outside Vin.III,149 (b.māna external measure; opp.abbhantarima); J.V,38 (opp.abbhantarima).(Page 486),8,1
  3196. 99324,en,15,bahitatta,bāhitatta,Bāhitatta,Bāhitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.bāhita] keeping out,exclusion Nd2 464 (in expln of word brāhmaṇa).(Page 486),9,1
  3197. 99327,en,15,bahiteyya,bāhiteyya,Bāhiteyya,Bāhiteyya,[unclear; grd.of bāheti1,but formed fr.pp.?] to be kept out (?) M.I,328.The reading seems to be corrupt; meaning is very doubtful; Neumann trsls “musst (mir) weichen." (Page 486),9,1
  3198. 99338,en,15,bahitika,bāhitikā,Bāhitikā,Bāhitikā,(f.) [fr.bāhita,pp.of bāheti1] a mantle,wrapper (lit.“that which keeps out," i.e.the cold or wind) M.II,116,117.(Page 486),8,1
  3199. 99425,en,15,bahiya,bāhiya,Bāhiya,Bāhiya,(adj.) [fr.bahi,cp.bāhira and Vedic bāhya] foreign J.I,421; III,432.(Page 486),6,1
  3200. 99447,en,15,bahu,bahu,Bahu,Bahu,(adj.) [Vedic bahu,doubtful whether to Gr.paxQs; fr.bṛh2 to strengthen,cp.upabrūhana,paribbūḷha] much,many,large,abundant; plenty; in compn also:very,greatly (°-) Instr.sg.bahunā Dh.166; Nom.pl.bahavo Vin.III,90; Dh.307, &#38; bahū Dh.53; J.IV,366; V,40; VI,472; Bu 2,47; Pv IV.14; Mhvs 35,98; PvA.67; nt.pl.bahūni Sn.665,885; Gen.Dat.bahunnaṃ S.I,196; Sn.503,957, &#38; bahūnaṃ J.V,446; Kvu 528 (where id.p.M.I,447 reads bahunnaṃ); Instr.bahūhi PvA.241; Loc.bahūsu PvA.58.-- nt.Nom.bahu Dh.258; bahuṃ PvA.166, &#38; bahud in compn bahud-eva (d may be euphonic) J.I,170; Bu 20,32.As nt.n.bahuṃ a large quantity A.II,183 (opp.appaṃ); Abl.bahumhā J.V,387.As adv.bahu so much Pv.II,1311.-- Compar.bahutara greater,more,in greater number A.I,36 (pl.bahutarā,opp.appakā); II,183; S.V,457,466; J.II,293; VI,472; Pv.II,117; Miln.84; PvA.38,76.-- In composition with words beginning with a vowel (in sandhi) bahu as a rule appears as bavh° (for bahv°,see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 49,1),but the hiatus form bahu is also found,as in bahu-itthiyo J.I,398 (besides bahutthika); bahuamaccā J.I,125; bahu-āyāsa (see below).Besides we have the contracted form bahû as in bahûpakāra,etc.). --ābādha (bavh°) great suffering or illness,adj.full of sickness,ailing much M.II,94; A.I,107; II,75,85; Miln.65; Sdhp.89 (cp.77).--āyāsa (bahu°) great trouble Th.2,343.-- (i)tthika (bahutthika) having many women Vin.II,256; S.II,264.--ûdaka containing much water J.III,430 (f.bahūdikā &#38; bahodikā).--ûpakāra of great service,very helpful,very useful S.IV,295; V,32; M.III,253; It.9; Vin.V,191; J.I,121; Pv IV.156; PvA.114.--odaka (bavh°)=°ûdaka Th.1,390.--kata (a.) benevolent,doing service Vin.IV,57,212.(b) much moved or impressed by (Instr.),paying much attention to Vin.I,247.--karaṇīya having much to do,busy D.II,76; Vin.I,71; S.II,215; A.III,116; DA.I,237.--kāra (a) favour Dāvs.IV,39 (b) doing much,of great service,very helpful M.I,43,170; A.I,123,132; II,126; S.V,67; Pv.II,1219; J.IV,422; Miln.264.--kāratta service,usefulness KhA 91.--kicca having many duties,very busy Vin.I,71; D.I,106; II,76; S.II,215; A.III,116; DA.I,237.--khāra a kind of alkali (product of vegetable ash) J.VI,454.--jañña see bāhu°.--jana a mass of people,a great multitude,a crowd,a great many people D.I,4; It.78; J.VI,358; Pug.30,57; Pv.II,77; PvA.30.At some passages interpreted by Bdhgh as “the unconverted,the masses," e.g.D.I,47,expld at DA.I,143 by “assutavā andha-bāla puthujjana"; Dh.320 (bahujjana),expld at DhA.IV,3 by “lokiya-mahājana." --jāgara very watchful Dh.29 (=mahante sativepulle jāgariye ṭhita DhA.I,262); Sn.972 (cp.Nd1 501).--jāta growing much,abundant J.VI,536.--ṭhāna (-cintin) of far-reaching knowledge,whose thoughts embrace many subjects J.III,306; IV,467; V,176.--dhana with many riches PvA.97.--patta having obtained much,loaded with gifts Vin.IV,243.--pada many-footed,a certain order of creatures,such as centipedes,etc.Vin.II,110; III,52; A.II,34; It.87.--(p)phala rich in fruit Sn.1134,cp.Nd2 456.--(b)bīhi t.t.g.,name of cpds.with adj.sense,indicating possession.--bhaṇḍa having an abundance of goods,well-to-do Vin.III,138; KhA 241.--bhāṇika=°bhāṇin PvA.283.--bhāṇitā garrulousness PvA 283.--bhāṇin garrulous A.III,254,257; Dh.227.--bhāva largeness,richness,abundance DhA.II,175.--bherava very terrible A.II,55.--maccha rich in fish J.III,430.--mata much esteemed,venerable Cp.VI,7; PvA.117.--manta very tricky DhA.II,4 (v.l.māya).--māna respect,esteem,veneration J.I,90; PvA.50,155,274.--māya full of deceit,full of tricks J.V,357 (cp.°manta).--vacana (tt.g.) the plural number J.IV,173; PvA.163.--vāraka the tree Cordia myxa Abhp 558.--vighāta fraught with great pain Th.2,450.--vidha various,multiform Cp.XV.7; Pgdp 37.--sacca see bāhu°.--(s)suta having great knowledge,very learned,welltaught D.I,93,137; III,252,282; J.I,199; IV,244; A.I,24; II,22,147,170,178; III,114; Sn.58 (see Nd2 457); It.60,80; Th.1,1026; Dh.208; Vin.II,95; J.I,93; Miln.19; ThA.274,281; SnA 109,110.--(s)sutaka of great knowledge (ironical) D.I,107 (see Dial.I.132).(Page 484),4,1
  3201. 99460,en,15,bahu,bāhu,Bāhu,Bāhu,[cp.Vedic bāhu,prob.to bahati2; cp.Gr.ph_xus in same meaning,Ohg.buoc.It seems that bāhu is more frequent in later literature,whereas the by-form bāhā belongs to the older period] the arm J.III,271 (bāhumā bāhuṃ pīḷentā shoulder to shoulder); Vism.192.--°ṃ pasāreti to stretch out the arm (cp.bāhaṃ) PvA.112; pacchā-bāhuṃ (cp.bāhaṃ) PvA.4 (gāḷha-bandhanaṃ bandhāpetvā). --(p)pacālakaṃ (adv.) after the manner of one who swings his arms about Vin.II,213 (see expln at Vin.IV,188).(Page 486),4,1
  3202. 99643,en,15,bahudha,bahudhā,Bahudhā,Bahudhā,(adv.) [fr.bahu,cp.Vedic bahudhā] in many ways or forms S.V,264 (hoti he becomes many),288; M.I,34; Sn.966; Pv IV.152 (=bahūhi pakārehi PvA.241); Mhvs 31,73; Dāvs.V,68.(Page 485),7,1
  3203. 99810,en,15,bahujanna,bāhujañña,Bāhujañña,Bāhujañña,(adj.) [fr.bahu+jana,cp.sāmañña fr.samaṇa] belonging to the mass of people,property of many people or of the masses D.II,106,219; S.II,107= V,262; J.I,29 (V.212).Note.The expression occurs only in stock phrase iddha phīta vitthārika bāhujañña.(Page 486),9,1
  3204. 99824,en,15,bahuka,bahuka,Bahuka,Bahuka,(adj.) [fr.bahu] great,much,many,abundant J.III,368 (b.jano most people,the majority of p.); V,388; IV,536; Mhvs 36,49; PvA.25 (gloss for pahūta Pv.I,52); DhA.II,175.-- nt.bahukaṃ plenty,abundance A.II,7=Pug.63; Vism.403 (opp.thokaṃ).Compar.bahukataraṃ more J.II,88 (v.l.bahutaraṃ).(Page 485),6,1
  3205. 99901,en,15,bahukkhattum,bahukkhattuṃ,Bahukkhattuṃ,Bahukkhattuṃ,(adv.) [bahu+khattuṃ,like sattakkhattuṃ,ti° etc.] many times Miln.215.(Page 485),12,1
  3206. 99915,en,15,bahula,bahula,Bahula,Bahula,(nt.) [=preceding] N.of a lucky die J.VI,281.(Page 485),6,1
  3207. 99916,en,15,bahula,bahula,Bahula,Bahula,(adj.) [usually --°,as °- only in cpd.°ājīva] much,abundant,nt.abundance (°-); full of,rich in,fig.given to,intent on,devoted to D.II,73; S.I,199,202; A.III,86 (pariyatti°),432 (āloka°); IV,35; It.27,30; J.IV,5 (vināsa°),22; PvA.80 (chārik’ aṅgāra°).--sayana° as much as “particular in one’s choice of resting place" Miln.365 nt.bahulaṃ (-°) in the fullness of,full of S.III,40 (nibbidā°).The compn form with karoti ( &#38; kamma) is bahulī° (q.v.).Cp.bāhulla. --ājīva living in abundance (opp.Lūkh’ājīvin) D.III,44,47.(Page 485),6,1
  3208. 99975,en,15,bahuli°,bahulī°,Bahulī°,Bahulī°,[rare in Ep.Sk.; when found,diff.in meaning] in compn with kar=bahula (adj.)+kar,lit.“to make much of," i.e.to practise,in foll.words:°kata (pp.) practised (frequently),usually combd with bhāvita S.II,264; IV,200,322; V,259; A.I,6; Vism.267 (=punappunaṃ kata); °katatta (nt.) practice D.II,214; °kamma continuous practice,an act often repeated M.I,301; DhsA.406 (=punappuna-karaṇa); °karoti to take up seriously,to practise,devote oneself to (Acc.) M.I,454; A.I,275; III,79; S.IV,322; DhA.III,356 (sevati+); VbhA.291; °kāra zealous exercise,practice M.III,25 sq.(tab-bahulī° to this end).(Page 485),7,1
  3209. 100048,en,15,bahulla,bāhulla,Bāhulla,Bāhulla,(nt.) [fr.bahula] 1.abundance,superfluity,great quantity M.I,171; A.IV,87 (°kathā) A.IV,87; Ps.I,197; J.I,81.-- 2.luxurious living,swaggering,puffed up frame of mind Vin.I,9,59,209; II,197; III,251.-- See also bāhulya &#38; bāhullika.(Page 487),7,1
  3210. 100064,en,15,bahullika,bāhullika,Bāhullika,Bāhullika,(adj.) [fr.bāhulla] living in abundance,swaggering,luxurious,spendthrift Vin.I,9 (+padhāna-vibbhanto,as also J.I,68,with which Kern,Toev.s.v.compares MVastu II.241 &#38; III,329); II,197; III,250; M.I,14; III,6; A.I,71; III,108,179 sq.; J.I,68; III,363.The reading is often bāhulika.(Page 487),9,1
  3211. 100079,en,15,bahulya,bāhulya,Bāhulya,Bāhulya,(nt.) [fr.bahula,the Sk.form for P.bāhulla] abundance Sdhp.77.(Page 487),7,1
  3212. 100374,en,15,bahusacca,bāhusacca,Bāhusacca,Bāhusacca,(nt.) [fr.bahu+sacca,which latter corresponds to a Sk.śrautya fr.<em>śru</em>,thus b.is the abstract to bahussuta.See on expln of word Kern,Toev.s.v.] great learning,profound knowledge M.I,445; A.I,38 (so read for bahu°); II,218; Vin.III,10; Dh.271; Vv 639.(Page 487),9,1
  3213. 100490,en,15,bahuso,bahuso,Bahuso,Bahuso,(adv.) [cp.Sk.bahuśaḥ] repeatedly PvA.107.(Page 485),6,1
  3214. 100553,en,15,bahuta,bahūta,Bahūta,Bahūta,(adj.) [for pahūta=Sk.prabhūta] abundant,much Th.2,406 (°ratana,so read for bahuta°),435 (for bahutadhana); J.III,425 (bahūtam ajjaṃ “plenty of food"; ajja=Sk.ādya,with Kern,Toev.s.v.bahūta for T.bahūtamajjā,which introd.story takes as bahūtaṃ =balaṃ ajja,with ajjā metri causâ.C.expls however as mataka-bhattaṃ); VI,173 (°tagarā mahī); Pv.II,75 (v.l.for pahūta,cp.pahūtika).(Page 485),6,1
  3215. 100573,en,15,bahutaso,bahūtaso,Bahūtaso,Bahūtaso,(adv.) [der.fr.bahūta,cp.Sk.prabhūtaśaḥ] in abundance J.III,484 (where C.expln with bahūtaso is faulty and should perhaps be read pahūtaso); VI,538.(Page 485),8,1
  3216. 100586,en,15,bahutta,bahutta,Bahutta,Bahutta,(nt.) [cp.Sk.bahutvaṃ] multiplicity,manifoldedness VbhA.320 (cetanā°).(Page 485),7,1
  3217. 100761,en,15,bajjha,bajjha,Bajjha,Bajjha,see bandhati.(Page 481),6,1
  3218. 100802,en,15,bajjhati,bajjhati,Bajjhati,Bajjhati,Pass.of bandhati (q.v.).(Page 481),8,1
  3219. 100837,en,15,baka,baka,Baka,Baka,[cp.Epic Sk.baka] 1.a crane,heron Cp.III,102; J.I,205 (°suṇikā),221,476; II,234; III,252.-- 2.N.of a dweller in the Brahma world M.I,326; S.I,142.(Page 481),4,1
  3220. 100869,en,15,bakkula,bakkula,Bakkula,Bakkula,[=vyākula? Morris,J.P.T.S.1886,94] a demon,uttering horrible cries,a form assumed by the Yakkha Ajakalāpaka,to terrify the Buddha Ud.5 (see also ākulī,where pākula is proposed for bakkula).(Page 481),7,1
  3221. 100876,en,15,bakuci,bākucī,Bākucī,Bākucī,(f.) [cp.*Sk.bākucī] the plant Vernonia anthelminthica Abhp 586.(Page 485),6,1
  3222. 100879,en,15,bakula,bakula,Bakula,Bakula,[cp.Class.Sk.bakula,N.of the tree Mimusops elengi,and its (fragrant) flower] in milāta°-puppha is v.l.KhA 60 (see App.p.870 Pj.) for °ākuli°,which latter is also read at Vism.260.(Page 481),6,1
  3223. 100904,en,15,bala,bala,Bala,Bala,<sup>2</sup> [cp.*Sk.bala:Halāyudha 5,23; &#38; P.balākā] a species of carrion crow J.V,268; also in cpd.Bal’aṅkapāda having crow’s feet,i.e.spreading feet (perhaps for balāka°?) J.VI,548 (C.explns by pattharita-pāda,read patthārita°).(Page 483),4,1
  3224. 100905,en,15,bala,bala,Bala,Bala,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic bala,most likely to Lat.de-bilis “without strength" (cp.E.debility,P.dubbala),and Gr.bέltistos (superl.)=Sk.baliṣṭha the strongest.The Dhātupāṭha (273) defines b.with pāṇane.At DhsA.124 bala is understood as “na kampati"] 1.strength,power,force D.II,73; A.I,244; Th.1,188; Dh.109 (one of the 4 blessings,viz.āyu,vaṇṇa,sukha,bala; cp.DhA.II,239); Pv.I,512 (=kāya-bala PvA.30); I,76; VvA.4 (iddhi°); PvA.71 (id.),82 (kamma°).-- Of cases used as adv.balasā (Instr.) is mentioned by Trenckner at Miln.430 (notes),cp.Prk.balasā (Pischel,Gr.§ 364).yathā balaṃ according to one’s power,i.e.as much as possible PvA.1,54.The compn form of bala in conn.with <em>kṛ</em> is balī°,e.g.dubbalīkaraṇa making weak M.III,4; Pug.59,68; °karaṇin id.D.III,183.-- adj.bala strong J.V,268,abala weak Sn.770,1120,dubbala id.S.I,222; J.II,154; Nd1 12; PvA.55; compar.°tara M.I,244,nt.n.abalaṃ weakness S.I,222.-- 2.an army,military force Mhvs 25,57; SnA 357.See cpds.below.-- Eight balāni or strong points are 1.of young children (ruṇṇa-balaṃ).-- 2.of womanhood (kodha°).-- 3.of robbers (āvudha°).-- 4.of kings (issariya°),-- 5.of fools (ujjhatti°).-- 6.of wise men (nijjhatti°).-- 7.of the deeply learned (paṭisaṅkhāna°).-- 8.of samaṇas &#38; brāhmaṇas (khanti°) A.IV,223 (where used as adj.--° strong in ...); cp.Sn.212,623.-- Five balāni of women are:rūpabalaṃ,bhoga°,ñāti°,putta°,sīla° S.IV,246--8.The five-fold force (balaṃ pañca-vidhaṃ) of a king J.V,120,121 consists of bāhābalaṃ strength of arms,bhoga° of wealth,amacca° of counsellors,abhijacca° of high birth,paññā° the force of wisdom; in the religious sense five balāni or powers are commonly enumd:saddhābalaṃ,viriya°,sati°,samādhi°,paññā° A.III,12; D.II,120; M.II,12,III,296; S.III,96,153; IV,366,V,219,249; Ps.II,56,86,166,174,223; II,84,133,168 etc.They correspond to the 5 indriyāni and are developed with them.S.V,219,220; Nett 31; they are cultivated to destroy the five uddhambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni S.V,251.They are freq.referred to in instructions of the Buddha about the constituents of the “Dhamma," culminating in the eightfold Path,viz.cattāro satipaṭṭhānā,samappadhānā,cattāro iddhipādā,pañcindriyani,p.balāni,sattabojjhaṅgāni,ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo e.g.S.III,96; Ps.II,56; Nd1 13=360 =Nd2 420; Nd2 s.v.satipaṭṭhāna; and passim.[Cp.BSk.catvāra ṛddhipādāḥ pañc’endriyāni p.balāni,sapta bodhyaṅgāni etc.Divy 208.] Two balāni are specially mentioned A.I,52 (paṭisaṅkhānabalaṃ and bhāvanā°),also D.III,213,followed here by the other “pair" satibalaṃ and samādhi°.There are four balāni of the ariyasāvaka,by which he overcomes the five fears (pañca bhayāni q.v.); the four are paññābalaṃ,viriya°,anavajja° saṅgāha° A.IV,363 sq.,as given at A.II,141,also the foll.3 groups of cattāri balāni:‹-› (1) saddhābalaṃ,viriya°,sati°,samādhi°,cp.D.III,229.-- (2) sati° samādhi,anavajja°,saṅgāha°.(3) paṭisaṅkhāna°,bhāvanā°,anavajja°,saṅgāha°.-- For 4 balāni see also D.III,229 note,and for paṭisaṅkhānabala (power of computation) see Dhs.trsl.1353.The ten balāni of the Tathāgata consist of his perfect comprehension in ten fields of knowledge A.V,32 sq.; M.I,69; Nd2 466; Miln.105,285; VbhA.397.-- In a similar setting 10 powers are given as consisting in the knowledge of the Paṭiccasamuppāda at S.II,27,28.‹-› The balāni of the sāvaka are distinct from those of the Tathāgatha:Kvu 228 sq.-- There are seven balāni D.III,253,and seven khīṇāsava-balāni 283 i.e.saddhābalaṃ,viriya°,sati°,samādhi°,paññā°,hiri° and ottappa°.The same group is repeated in the Abhidhamma; Dhs.58,95,102; DhsA.126.The Ps.also enumerates seven khīṇāsavabalāni I.35; and sixty-eight balāni II.168 sq. --agga front of an army,troops in array D.I,6; Vin.IV,107,cp.DA.I,85.--ânīka (adj.) with strong array Sn.623; Dh.399 (cp.DhA.IV,164).--kāya a body of troops,an army cp.Fick,Sociale Gliederung p.52 note; (also in BSk.e.g.Divy 63,315) A.I,109; IV,107,110; S.I,58; J.I,437 (°ṃ saṃharati to draw up troops); II,76; III,319; V,124; VI,224,451; DhA.I,393; PugA 249.--koṭṭhaka fortress,camp J.I,179; Mhvs 25,29.--(k)kāra application of force,violence J.I,476; II,421; III,447; Instr.°ena by force PvA.68,113.--gumba a serried troop J.II,406.--cakka wheel of power,of sovereignty Dpvs VI,2.--ṭṭha a military official,palace guard,royal messenger Miln.234,241,264,314; Mhvs 34,17.--da strength-giving S.I,32; Sn.297.--dāyin id.A.II,64.--deva “God of strength" N.of the elder brother of Kaṇha J.IV,82; Nd1 89,92 (Vāsudeva+); Vism.233 (id).--(p)patta grown-strong DhsA.118 (v.l.phala°).--vāhana troops,an army J.II,319,IV.170,433; VI,391,458.--vīra a hero in strength Vv 531,cp.VvA.231.--sata for palāsata,q.v.(cp.J.P.T.S.1908,108 note).(Page 482),4,1
  3225. 100919,en,15,bala,bāla,Bāla,Bāla,<sup>2</sup> [for vāla] the hair of the head PvA.285 (°koṭimatta not even one tip of the hair; gloss BB vālagga°).(Page 486),4,1
  3226. 100920,en,15,bala,bāla,Bāla,Bāla,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [cp.Sk.bāla (rarely Vedic,more freq.in Ep. &#38; Class.Sk.); its orig.meaning is “young,unable to speak," cp.Lat.infans,hence “like a child,childish; infantile"] 1.ignorant (often with ref.to ignorance in a moral sense,of the common people,the puthujjana),foolish (as contrasted with paṇḍita cp.the Bālapaṇḍita-sutta M.III,163 sq.; D.II,305 sq.; Vism.499,and contrasts at Sn.578; Dh.63,64; Pv IV.332; Dhs.1300),lacking in reason,devoid of the power to think &#38; act right.In the latter sense sometimes coupled with andha (spiritually blind),as andhabāla stupid &#38; ignorant,mentally dull,e.g.at DhA.I,143; II,89; PvA.254.-- A fanciful etym.of b.at KhA 124 is “balanti ananti ti bālā." Other refs.:D.I,59,108; S.I,23; A.I,59,68,84; II,51,180; Sn.199,259,318,578,879; It.68; Dh.28,60 sq.,71 sq.,206 sq.,330; J.I,124 (lola° greedy-foolish); V,366 (bālo āmaka-pakkaṃ va); Vv 835; Pv.I,82; IV,129; Pug.33; Nd1 163,286 sq.,290; SnA 509 (=aviddasu); PvA.193.Compar.bālatara J.III,278,279; VvA.326.-- 2.young,new; newly risen (of the sun):°ātāpa the morning sun DA.I,287; DhA.I,164; Mhbv 25; °vasanta “early spring" (=Citramāsa),N.of the first one of the 4 summer months (gimha-māsā) KhA 192; --suriya the newly risen sun J.V,284; PvA.137,211.-- 3.a child; in wider application meaning a youth under 16 years of age (cp.Abhp 251) DA.I,134.Cp.bālaka. --nakkhatta N.of a certain “feast of fools," i.e.carnival DhA.I,256.--saṅgatacārin one who keeps company with a fool Dh.207.(Page 485),4,1
  3227. 101097,en,15,balaka,balaka,Balaka,Balaka,(adj.) [fr.bala] strong; only in kisa° of meagre strength,weakly M.I,226; and dub° weak M.I,435.Cp.balika.(Page 483),6,1
  3228. 101104,en,15,balaka,balākā,Balākā,Balākā,(f.) [cp.Vedic balākā,perhaps to Lat.fulica,Gr.falariζ a water fowl,Ohg.pelicha=Ger.belche] a crane Th.1,307; J.II,363; III,226; Miln.128 (°ānaṃ megha-saddena gabbhâvakkanti hoti); Vism.126 (in simile,megha-mukhe b.viya); DA.I,91 (v.l.baka).(Page 483),6,1
  3229. 101112,en,15,balaka,bālaka,Bālaka,Bālaka,[fr.bāla] 1.boy,child,youth S.I,176; ThA.146 (Ap.V,44:spelt °akka); Sdhp.351.-- f.bālikā young girl ThA.54 (Ap.V,1).-- 2.fool DhsA.51 (°rata fond of fools).(Page 486),6,1
  3230. 101171,en,15,balakin,bālakin,Bālakin,Bālakin,(adj.) [fr.bālaka] having fools,consisting of fools; f.°inī M.I,373 (parisā).(Page 486),7,1
  3231. 101401,en,15,balasata,balasata,Balasata,Balasata,see palasata.(Page 483),8,1
  3232. 101437,en,15,balata,balatā,Balatā,Balatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.bala] strength,lit.strength-quality M.I,325.(Page 483),6,1
  3233. 101442,en,15,balata,bālatā,Bālatā,Bālatā,(f.) [abstr.to bāla] foolishness J.I,101,223.(Page 486),6,1
  3234. 101458,en,15,balati,balati,Balati,Balati,[fr.bal,as in bala] to live KhA 124 (in def.of bālā as “balanti anantī ti bālā").(Page 483),6,1
  3235. 101469,en,15,balatta,balatta,Balatta,Balatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.bala,cp.balatā] strength,only in cpd.dubbalatta weakness J.II,154.(Page 483),7,1
  3236. 101497,en,15,balava,baḷavā,Baḷavā,Baḷavā,(f.) [cp.Vedic vaḍavā] a mare,only in cpd.°mukha the mare’s mouth,i.e.an entrance to Niraya (cp.Vedic vaḍavâgni &#38; vaḍavāmukha) Th.1,1104 (trsl.“abyss-discharged mouth," cp.Brethren,p.418).(Page 484),6,1
  3237. 101729,en,15,balavant,balavant,Balavant,Balavant,(adj.) [fr.bala] strong,powerful,sturdy M.I,244 (purisa) S.I,222; J.II,406; DhA.II,208; VvA.35; PvA.94.Comparative balavatara Miln.131; f.°a(n)tarī Sdhp.452.In compn balava°,e.g.°gavā sturdy oxen M.I,226; °vippaṭisāra deep remorse PvA.14,°balava very strong J.II,406.--balavaṃ as nt.adv.“exceedingly," in cpd.Balav’âbalavaṃ very (loud and) strong Vin.II,1 (=suṭṭhu balavaṃ C.),and °paccūse very early in the morning Vism.93,and °paccūsa-samaye id.J.I,92; DhA.I,26.(Page 483),8,1
  3238. 101892,en,15,balavata,balavatā,Balavatā,Balavatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.balavant; cp.Epic Sk.balavattā] strength,force (also in military sense) J.II,369 (ārakkhassa b.); Miln.101 (kusalassa &#38; akusalassa kammassa b.).(Page 483),8,1
  3239. 102077,en,15,balha,bāḷha,Bāḷha,Bāḷha,(adj.) [Vedic bāḍha,orig.pp.of bahati2] strong; only as adv.°ṃ and °-,viz.-- 1.bāḷhaṃ strongly,very much,excessively,too much,to satiety J.II,293; VI,291 (i.e.too often,C.punappunaṃ); Miln.407; PvA.274.Comparative bāḷhataraṃ in a higher degree,even more,too much Vin.II,270,276; Miln.125.-- 2.(°-) in bāḷha-gilāna very ill,grievously sick D.I,72; A.II,144; S.V,303; DA.I,212.(Page 486),5,1
  3240. 102104,en,15,balhika,bāḷhika,Bāḷhika,Bāḷhika,(adj.) [fr.bāḷha],only in su° having excess of good things,very prosperous J.V,214 (C.expls by suṭṭhu aḍḍha).(Page 486),7,1
  3241. 102113,en,15,bali,bali,Bali,Bali,[cp.Vedic bali; regarding etym.Grassmann connects it with <em>bhṛ</em>] 1.religious offering,oblation D.II,74 (dhammika); A.IV,17,19; Sn.223; Mhvs 36,88 (particularly to subordinate divinities,cp.Mhvs.trsln 263); DhA.II,14 (v.l.°kamma).--pañca° the fivefold offering,i.e.ñāti°,atithi°,pubbapeta°,rāja°,devatā°,offering to kinsfolk,guests,the departed,the king,the gods; A.II,68; III,45.-- 2.tax,revenue (cp.Zimmer,Altind.Leben 166 &#38; Fick,Sociale Gliederung 75) D.I,135,142; J.I,199 (daṇḍa° fines &#38; taxes),339; DhA.I,251 (daṇḍa°).-- 3.Np.of an Asura D.II,259. --kamma offering of food to bhūtas,devas &#38; others J.I,169,260; II,149,215; IV,246 (offering to tutelary genii of a city.In this passage the sacrifice of a human being is recommended); V,99,473; SnA 138; Mhbv 28.--karaṇa oblation,offering of food PvA.81; VvA.8 (°pīṭha,reading doubtful,v.l.valli°).--kāraka offering oblations J.I,384.--°ṅkatā one who offers (the five) oblations A.II,68.--paṭiggāhaka receiving offerings,worthy of oblations J.II,17 (yakkha; interpreted by Fick,Sociale Gliederung 79 as “tax-collector," hardly justified); f.°ikā A.III,77 (devatā),260 (id.),cp.BSk.balipratigrāhikā devatā Divy 1.--pīḷita crushed with taxes J.V,98.--puṭṭha a crow (cp.Sk.balipuṣṭa “fed by oblations") Abhp 638.--vadda (cp.Sk.balivarda,after the Pali?) an ox,esp.an ox yoked to the plough or used in ploughing (on similes with b.see J.P.T.S.1907,349) S.I,115,170; IV,163 sq.,282 sq.; A.II,108 sq.; Sn.p.13 (cp.SnA 137); Dh.152=Th.1,1025; J.I,57; V,104 (Sāliyo b.phālena pahaṭo); Vism.284 (in simile of their escape from the ploughman); DhA.I,24 (dhuraṃ vahanto balivaddassa,v.l.balibaddassa); VvA.258 (vv.ll.°baddha &#38; °bandha).The spelling balibadda occurs at Vin.IV,312.--sādhaka tax collector,tax gatherer J.IV,366; V,103 sq.--haraṇa taking oblations A.V,79 (°vanasaṇḍa).(Page 483),4,1
  3242. 102202,en,15,balika,balika,Balika,Balika,(adj.) [fr.bala] strong; only in der.balikataraṃ (compar.) adv.in a stronger degree,more intensely,more Miln.84; &#38; dubbalika weak ThA.211.Cp.balaka.(Page 483),6,1
  3243. 102294,en,15,balin,balin,Balin,Balin,(adj.) [fr.bala] strong Th.1,12 (paññā°); Vv 647; Dh.280; J.III,484; VI,147.(Page 483),5,1
  3244. 102339,en,15,balisa,balisa,Balisa,Balisa, &#38; Baḷisa (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Sk.baḍiśa] a fish-hook S.II,226=IV.158 (āmisa-gataṃ b.); Nd2 374 (kāma°,v.l.palisa); J.I,482 sq.; III,283; IV,195; V,273 sq.,389; VI,416; Miln.412; SnA 114 (in expln of gaḷa Sn.61); ThA.280,292; VbhA.196 (in comparison); Sdhp.610.On use in similes cp.J.P.T.S.1907,115. --maṃsikā (f.) “flesh-hooking," a kind of torture M.I,87; III,164; A.I,47; II,122; Nd1 154; Nd2 604; Miln.197.--yaṭṭhi angling rod DhA.III,397.Balī° =bala° in combn with <em>bhū</em> &#38; <em>kṛ</em>,see bala.(Page 483),6,1
  3245. 102391,en,15,balisika,bālisika,Bālisika,Bālisika,[fr.balisa] a fisherman S.II,226; IV,158; J.I,482; III,52 (cp.Fick.Sociale Gliederung p.194); Miln.364,412; DhA.III,397.(Page 486),8,1
  3246. 102418,en,15,baliyakkha,baḷīyakkha,Baḷīyakkha,Baḷīyakkha,[etym.?] a species of birds J.VI,539.(Page 484),10,1
  3247. 102430,en,15,baliyati,balīyati,Balīyati,Balīyati,[denom.fr.bala,cp.BSk.balīyati MVastu I.275] to have strength,to grow strong,to gain power,to overpower Sn.770 (=sahati parisahati abhibhavati Nd1 12,cp.361); J.IV,84 (vv.ll.khalī° &#38; paliyy°; C.expls by avattharati)=Pv.II,61 (=balavanto honti vaḍḍhanti abhibhavanti PvA.94); J.VI,224 (3rd pl.balīyare; C.abhibhavati,kuppati,of the border provinces); Nett 6 (vv.ll.bali°,pali°; C.abhibhavati).(Page 484),8,1
  3248. 102464,en,15,balya,balya,Balya,Balya,<sup>2</sup> [fr.bāla,cp.P. &#38; Sk.bālya] foolishness,stupidity Dh.63 (v.l.bālya); J.III,278 (C.bālya); DhA.II,30.(Page 484),5,1
  3249. 102465,en,15,balya,balya,Balya,Balya,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [der.fr.bala] belonging to strength,only in cpd.dub° weakness M.I,364; Pug.66; also spelt dubballa M.I,13.-- Abl.dubbalyā as adv.groundlessly,without strong evidence Vin.IV,241 (cp.J.P.T.S.1886,129).(Page 484),5,1
  3250. 102473,en,15,balya,bālya,Bālya,Bālya,(nt.) [fr.bāla] 1.childhood,youth S.III,1.-- 2.ignorance,folly Dh.63; J.II,220 (=bāla-bhāva); III,278 (balya); PvA.40.Also used as adj.in compar.bālyatara more foolish,extremely foolish Vv 836 sq.=DhA.I,30 (=bālatara,atisayena bāla VvA.326).-- 3.weakness (?) J.VI,295 (balya,but C.bālya=dubbala-bhāva).(Page 486),5,1
  3251. 102494,en,15,bana,bāṇa,Bāṇa,Bāṇa,[cp.Vedic bāṇa] an arrow Mbhv 19.(Page 485),4,1
  3252. 102512,en,15,bandha,bandha,Bandha,Bandha,(adj.) [cp.Vedic bandha,fr.<em>bandh</em>] 1.bond,fetter It.56 (abandho Mārassa,not a victim of M.); Nd1 328 (taṇhā°,diṭṭhi°); ThA.241.-- 2.one who binds or ties together,in assa° horsekeeper,groom J.II,98; V,441,449; DhA.I,392.-- 3.a sort of binding:maṇḍala° with a circular b.(parasol) Vin.IV,338,salāka° with a notched b.ibid.-- 4.a halter,tether Dpvs.I,76.-- Cp.vinibandha.(Page 481),6,1
  3253. 102534,en,15,bandhaka,bandhaka,Bandhaka,Bandhaka,as v.l.of vaṭṭaka see aṃsa°.(Page 481),8,1
  3254. 102549,en,15,bandhaki,bandhakī,Bandhakī,Bandhakī,(f.) [fr.bandhaka,cp.Epic Sp.bandhukī a low woman=pāṃśukā &#38; svairinī Halāy 2,341] an unchaste woman (lit.binder) Vin.IV,224 (pl.bandhakiniyo),265 (id.); J.V,425,431 (va°).(Page 481),8,1
  3255. 102572,en,15,bandhana,bandhana,Bandhana,Bandhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>bandh</em>,cp.Vedic bandhana] 1.binding,bond,fetter Vin.I,21; D.I,226,245 (pañca kāmaguṇā); III,176; M.II,44; S.I,8,24 (Māra°),35,40; IV,201 sq.(5 fold) to bind the king of the Devas or Asuras,291; Sn.532,948; Th.1,414; 2,356 (Māra°) Dh.345 sq.; J.II,139,140; III,59=PvA.4; V,285; Nd2 304III,B (var.bonds,andhu°,rajju° etc.cp.Nd1 433); DA.I,121 (with ref.to kāmā).-- 2.binding,tying,band,ligature; tie (also fig.) Vin.I,204 (°suttaka thread for tying) II.135 (kāya° waistband); II,117 (°rajju for robes); S.III,155 (vetta° ligatures of bamboo; cp.V,51); Sn.44 (gihi°,cp.Nd2 228:puttā ca dāsī ca); DhA.I,4 (ghara° tie of the house); KhA 51 (paṭṭa°).-- 3.holding together,composition,constitution Vin.I,96 (sarīra°),cp.III,28.-- fig.composition (of literature) J.II,224 (gāthā°).-- 4.joining together,union,company DhA.II,160 (gaṇa° joining in companies).-- 5.handle Vin.II,135.-- 6.piecing together Vin.I,254 (°mattena when it,i.e.the stuff,has only been pieced together,see Vin.Texts II.153 n.).-- 7.strap (?) doubtful reading in aṃsa° (q.v.) Vv 3340,where we should prefer to read with v.l.°vaṭṭaka.-- 8.doubtful in meaning in cpd.paṃca-vidha-bandhana “the fivefold fixing," as one of the torments in Niraya.It is a sort of crucifixion (see for detail pañca 3) Nd2 304III,C=Nd1 404; J.I,174; PvA.221; VbhA.278.In this connection it may mean “set," cp.mūla°.-- On use of bandhana in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,115.Cp.vini°. --âgāra “fetter-house," prison D.I,72; M.I,75; Vin.III,151; J.III,326; DhA.II,152; VvA.66; PvA.153.--âgārika prison-keeper,head-jailer A.II,207.(Page 482),8,1
  3256. 102723,en,15,bandhaniya,bandhanīya,Bandhanīya,Bandhanīya,(adj.) [grd.of bandhati] 1.to be bound or fettered Miln.186.-- 2.apt to bind,binding,constraining D.II,337 (cp.Dial.II.361); Th.2,356.(Page 482),10,1
  3257. 102807,en,15,bandhati,bandhati,Bandhati,Bandhati,[Vedic badhnāti,later Sk.bandhati,Idg.*bhendh,cp.Lat.offendimentum i.e.band; Goth.bindan=Ohg,bintan,E.bind; Sk.bandhu relation; Gr.penqerόs father-in-law,peίsma bond,etc.] to bind etc.-- 1.Forms:Imper.bandha D.II,350; pl.bandhantu J.I,153.Pot.bandheyya S.IV,198; Vin.III,45; Fut.bandhayissati Mhvs 24.6; Aor.abandhi J.III,232, &#38; bandhi J.I,292; DhA.I,182.Ger.bandhitvā Vin.I,46; S.IV,200; J.I,253,428, &#38; bandhiya Th.2,81.Inf.bandhituṃ Th.2,299.Caus.bandheti (see above Fut.) &#38; bandhāpeti (see below).-- II.Meanings-1.to bind S.IV,200 (rajjuyā).fig.combine,unite DhA.II,189 (gharāvāsena b.to give in marriage).-- 2.to tie on,bind or put on to (Loc.) DhA.I,182 (dasante).fig.to apply to,put to,settle on DhA.II,12 (mānasaṃ paradāre).-- 3.to fix,prepare,get up,put together J.IV,290 (ukkā); also in phrase cakk’âticakkaṃ mañc’âtimañcaṃ b.to put wheels upon wheels &#38; couches upon couches J.II,331.IV.81; DhA.IV,61.fig.to start,undertake,begin,make,in phrases āghātaṃ b.to bear malice DhA.II,21; and veraṃ b.to make enmity against (Loc.) J.II,353.-- 4.to acquire,get J.III,232 (atthaṃ b.= nibbatteti C.).-- 5.to compose Miln.272 (suttaṃ); J.II,33; V,39.-- Caus.II.bandhāpeti to cause to be bound (or fettered) Vin.IV,224,316 (opp.mocāpeti); Nd2 304III,B (bandhanena); PvA.4,113.-- Pass.bajjhati Nd2 74 (for bujjhati,as in palābujjhati to be obstructed:see palibuddhati).I.Forms Ind.3rd pl.bajjhare Th.1,137; pret.3rd pl.abajjhare J.I,428.Imper.bajjhantu S.IV,309; A.V,284.Pot.bajjheyya S.II,228.Aor.bajjhi J.II,37; IV,414.Ger.bajjha J.IV,441,498, &#38; bajjhitvā J.II,153; IV,259; V,442.‹-› II.Meanings.-1.to be bound,to be imprisoned Sn.508 (cp.SnA 418); J.IV,278.-- 2.to be caught (in a sling or trap) J.III,330; IV,414.-- 3.to incur a penalty (with Loc.,e.g.bahudaṇḍe) J.IV,116.-- 4.to be captivated by,struck or taken by,either with Loc.J.I,368 (bajjhitvā &#38; bandhitvā in Pass.sense); V,465; or with Instr.J.I,428; IV,259.-- pp.baddha (q.v.).-- Cp.ati°,anu°,ā,o°,paṭi°,sam°.(Page 481),8,1
  3258. 102823,en,15,bandhava,bandhava,Bandhava,Bandhava,[cp.Class.Sk.bāndhava] 1.kinsman,member of a clan or family,relative A.III,44; Sn.60 (pl.bandhavāni in poetry; cp.Nd2 455); Dh.288 (pl.bandhavā); J.II,316; V,81; DA.I,243.-- 2.(-°) one who is connected with or belongs to Sn.140 (manta°,wellacquainted with Mantras; cp.SnA 192; vedabandhū veda-paṭisaraṇā ti vuttaṃ hoti); J.V,335 (bodhaneyya°); cp.bandhu 3.(Page 482),8,1
  3259. 102889,en,15,bandhu,bandhu,Bandhu,Bandhu,[Vedic bandhu,see bandhati &#38; cp.bandhava] 1.a relation,relative,kinsman; pl.bandhū J.IV,301; PvA.86 (=ñātī) &#38; bandhavo Nd2 455 (where Nd1 11 in id.p.reads bandhū).-- Ādicca° kinsman of the Sun,an Ep.of the Buddha Vin.II,296; A.II,17; Sn.54,915,1128,cp.Nd2 152b; Vv 2413; 7810,cp.VvA.116.‹-› Four kinds of relations enumd at Nd1 11.viz.ñāti°,gotta°,manta° (where Nd2 455 reads mitta°),sippa°.-- 2.Ep.of Brahmā,as ancestor of the brahmins DA.I,254:see below °pāda.-- 3.(°-) connected with,related to,dealing with [cp.Vedic amṛta-bandhu RV X.725] S.I,123 (pamatta°); 128; Sn.241,315,430,911; J.IV,525; Miln.65 (kamma°); SnA 192 (veda°.).-- f.bandhunī J.VI,47 (said of the town of Mithilā (rāja°); expld by C.as “rāja-ñātakeh’eva puṇṇā"). --pāda the foot of Brahma,from which the Śūdras are said to have originated (cp.Sk.pādaja),in cpd.Bandhupād’apacca “offering from the foot of our kinsman," applied as contemptuous epithet to the Samaṇas by a Brahmin D.I,90; M.I,334; S.IV,117.(Page 482),6,1
  3260. 102901,en,15,bandhujivaka,bandhujīvaka,Bandhujīvaka,Bandhujīvaka,[cp.Class.Sk.bandhujīva] the plant Pentapetes phœnicea M.II,14 (°puppha); D.II,111 (id.); J.IV,279; Vism.174; DhsA.14; VvA.43,161.(Page 482),12,1
  3261. 102913,en,15,bandhuka,bandhuka,Bandhuka,Bandhuka,(adj.) [fr.bandhu] 1.the plant Pentapetes phœnicea J.IV,279 (°puppha,evidently only a contraction of bandhu-jīvaka,cp.C.bandhujīvaka‹-› puppha; although Sk.bandhūka is given as syn.of bandhujīva at Halāyudha 2,53).-- 2.in bandhukaroga M.II,121 prob.to be read paṇḍuka°,as v.l.BB; see paṇḍuroga.(Page 482),8,1
  3262. 102944,en,15,bandhumant,bandhumant,Bandhumant,Bandhumant,(adj.) [fr.bandhu,cp.Vedic bandhumant] having relatives,rich in kinsmen; only as Np.m bandhumā N.of father of the Buddha Vipassin D.II,11=Vism.433; f.bandhumatī N.of mother of the Buddha Vipassin ibid.; also N.of a town D.II,12 (capital of king Bandhumā); SnA 190=J.IV,388 (where the latter has Vettavatī),and a river SnA 190= J.IV,388 (:Vettavatī).(Page 482),10,1
  3263. 102972,en,15,bandhuvant,bandhuvant,Bandhuvant,Bandhuvant,(adj.) [bandhu+vant] having relatives,rich in relatives J.VI,357.(Page 482),10,1
  3264. 102996,en,15,baranaseyyaka,bārāṇaseyyaka,Bārāṇaseyyaka,Bārāṇaseyyaka,(adj.) [fr.Bārāṇasī] of Benares,coming fr.B.(a kind of muslin) D.II,110; III,260.(Page 485),13,1
  3265. 103104,en,15,barihin,barihin,Barihin,Barihin,[cp.Sk.barhin] a peacock J.IV,497.(Page 482),7,1
  3266. 103112,en,15,barihisa,barihisa,Barihisa,Barihisa,(nt.) [Vedic barhis] the sacrificial grass D.I,141; M.I,344; A.II,207; Pug.56.(Page 482),8,1
  3267. 103122,en,15,battimsa,battiṃsa,Battiṃsa,Battiṃsa,(num.card.) [for dvat-tiṃsa] thirty-two J.III,207.(Page 481),8,1
  3268. 103223,en,15,bavisati,bāvīsati,Bāvīsati,Bāvīsati,(num.) [bā=dvā,+vīsati] twenty-two Kvu 218; Miln.419; DhsA.2.(Page 486),8,1
  3269. 103265,en,15,bella,bella,Bella,Bella,(m. &#38; nt.) [=beluva,q.v.] the fruit of the Vilva tree (a kind of citron?) J.III,77 (C.beluva); VI,578.Also in doubtful passage at J.III,319 (v.l.mella,phella).(Page 490),5,1
  3270. 103273,en,15,beluva,beluva,Beluva,Beluva, &#38; Beḷuva [the guṇa-form of billa,in like meaning.It is the diæretic form of Sk.*bailva or *vailva,of which the contracted form is P.bella] 1.the Vilva tree,Aegle marmelos M.I,108; II,6; J.IV,363,368; VI,525,560.-- 2.wood of the Vilva tree S.I,22; D.II,264; Mhbv 31. --pakka ripe fruit of the Vilva J.V,74.--paṇḍu(-vīṇā) a yellow flute made of Vilva wood,representing a kind of magic flute which according to SnA 393 first belonged to Māra,and was then given to Pañcasikha,one of the Heavenly Musicians,by Sakka.See Vism.392 (attributed to Pañcasikha); DhA.I,433 (of Māra; v.l.veḷuvadaṇḍa-vīṇā); III,225 (of P.); SnA 393 (v.l.veluva°).--laṭṭhi a young sprout of the Vilva tree KhA 118.--salāṭuka the unripe fruit of the Vilva,next in size to the smaller kola,surpassed in size by the ripe billa or billi S.I,150=A.IV,170=Sn.p.125.(Page 490),6,1
  3271. 103337,en,15,bha,bha,Bha,Bha,(indecl.) the letter or sound (syllable) bh; figuring in Bdhgh’s exegesis of the N.<i>Bhagavā</i> as representing bhava,whereas <i>ga</i> stands for gamana,<i>va</i> for vanta KhA 109.-- Like <i>ba°</i> we often find <i>bha°</i> mixed up with <i>pa°;</i> -- see e.g.bhaṇḍa bhaṇḍati; bh represents b.in bhasta=Sk.basta,bhisa=Sk.bisa,bhusa=Sk.buśa.--<i>bha-kāra</i> the sound (or ending) <i>°bha</i>,which at Vin.IV,7 is given as implying contempt or abuse,among other low terms (hīnā akkosā).This refers also to the sound (ending) <i>°ya</i> (see ya-kāra).The expl<sup>n</sup> for this probably is that <i>°bha</i> is abstracted from words ending thus,where the word itself meant something inferior or contemptible,and this shade of meaning was regarded as inhering in the ending,not in the root of the word,as e.g.in <i>ibbha</i> (menial).(Page 495),3,1
  3272. 103348,en,15,bha,bhā,Bhā,Bhā,(f.) [cp.Vedic bhā &#38; bhāḥ nt.] light,splendour; given as name of a jewel at an extremely doubtful passage J.V,317,318,where T.reads “vara taṃ bhaññam icchasi," &#38; C.expl<sup>s</sup>.:“bhā ti ratanass’etaṃ nāmaṃ." The v.l.for bhaññaṃ is bhuñjaṃ; the passage may be corrupt from “varatu bhavaṃ yam icchasi." (Page 501),3,1
  3273. 103359,en,15,bhabba,bhabba,Bhabba,Bhabba,(adj.) [grd of <em>bhū</em>,Sk.bhavya] 1.able,capable,fit for (--° or with Dat.or inf.); abhabba unfit,incapable; Vin.I,17; S.III,27 (dukkha-kkhayāya); IV,89 (id.); Pug.12,13; Vism.116 (bhikkhu),neg.It.106 (antakiriyāya),117 (phuṭṭhuṃ sambodhiṃ); J.I,106 (°puggala a person unfit for the higher truths &#38; salvation).bhabbâbhabba nt &#38; unfit people Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>3</sup>=Vism.205,expl<sup>d</sup> at Vbh.341,342 by “bhabbā niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ." -- 2.possible ( &#38; abhabba impossible) M.III,215 (kammaṃ bhabbaābhāsa apparently possible).-- See also abhabba.(Page 498),6,1
  3274. 103401,en,15,bhabbata,bhabbatā,Bhabbatā,Bhabbatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.bhabba] possibility; neg.a° impossibility Sn.232; KhA 191; VvA.208. Bhamati [<em>bhram</em>; on etym.see K.Z.IV.443; VI,152.Expl<sup>d</sup> at Dhtp 219 by “anavaṭṭhāne," i.e.unsettledness] to spin (of a wheel),to whirl about,to roam Dh.371 (mā te kāmaguṇe bhamassu cittaṃ); J.I,414; III,206= IV.4 (cakkaṃ matthake); IV,6 (kumbha-kāra-cakkaṃ iva bh.); V,478.-- pp.bhanta.-- Caus.bhameti to make whirl Vism.142 (cakkaṃ).(Page 498),8,1
  3275. 103420,en,15,bhacca,bhacca,Bhacca,Bhacca,(adj.) [grd.fr.<em>bhṛ</em>,cp.Sk.bhṛtya] to be carried,kept or sustained A.III,46 (=a dependant) J.IV,301 (C.bharitabba).As Kern.Toev.s.v.bhacca points out this gāthā “bhaccā mātā pitā bandhū,yena jāto sa yeva so" is a distortion of MBh I.74,110,where it runs “bhastrā mātā,pituḥ putro,yena jāto sa eva saḥ" (or is it bhrastā?).(Page 496),6,1
  3276. 103432,en,15,bhadanta,bhadanta,Bhadanta,Bhadanta,(Bhaddanta) [a secondary adj.formation from address bhaddaṃ (=bhadraṃ) te “hail to thee," cp.“bhaddaṃ vo" under bhadda 1] venerable,reverend.mostly in Voc.as address “Sir,holy father" etc.,to men of the Order.Voc.sg.<i>bhadante</i> S.I,216 (v.l.bhaddante); Voc.pl.<i>bhadantā</i> DhA.III,414.-- A contracted form of bhadante is <i>bhante</i> (q.v.).Note.In case of bhadanta being the corresp.of Sk.*bhavanta (for bhavān) we would suppose the change v›d and account for dd on grounds of pop.analogy after bhadda.See bhante.The pl.Nom.from bhadantā is formed after bhadante,which was felt as a Voc.of an a --stem with --e for --a as in Prk.Māgadhī.(Page 497),8,1
  3277. 103450,en,15,bhadantika,bhadantika,Bhadantika,Bhadantika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.bhadanta] only in cpd.<i>ehi°</i>,lit.“one belonging to the (greeting) “come hail to thee," “ i.e.one who accepts an invitation D.III,40,M.II,161; A.I,295; II,206; Pug.55.See also under <i>ehi</i>.(Page 498),10,1
  3278. 103452,en,15,bhadara,bhadara,Bhadara,Bhadara,in Bhadarapaṇḍu at A.I,181 is to be read as badara°.(Page 498),7,1
  3279. 103461,en,15,bhadda,bhadda,Bhadda,Bhadda,<sup>(a)</sup> &#38; Bhadra<sup>(b)</sup> (adj.) [cp.Vedic bhadra,on diff.forms see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 53<sup>2</sup>.Dhtp 143,589 expl<sup>s</sup> bhadd by “kalyāṇe"; whereas Dhtm 205 &#38; 823 gives bhad (bhadd) with expl<sup>n</sup> “kalyāṇa kammāni"] 1.auspicious,lucky,high,lofty,august,of good omen,reverend (in address to people of esteem),good,happy,fortunate D.II,95<sup>(a)</sup>; S.I,117<sup>(b)</sup>; Dh.143 sq.<sup>(b)</sup> (of a good,well-trained horse),380<sup>(b)</sup> (id.); J.VI,281<sup>(b)</sup> (24 bhadrā pāsakā or lucky throws of the dice); DhA.I,33<sup>(a)</sup> (Voc.bhadde=ayye).--bhadraṃ (nt.) something bringing luck,a good state,welfare; a good deed (=kalyāṇaṃ) Dh.120 (=bhadra-kamma,viz.kāyasucarita etc.DhA.III,14); PvA.116 (=iṭṭhaṃ).Also as form of address “hail to thee," bhaddaṃ vo J.V,260.-- 2.a kind of arrow (cp.Sk.bhalla) J.II,275 (v.l.bhadra; so Kern,Toev.s.v.; but C.takes it as bhadda lucky,in neg.sense “unlucky,sinister," &#38; expl<sup>s</sup> by bībhaccha=awful).-- 3.bull (cp.Sk.bhadra,Halāyudha 5,21) Th.1,16,173,659.<br><br> --mukha one whose face brings blessings,a complimentary address,like “my noble &c friend!" [cp.BSk.bhadramukha; Divy frequent:see Index],M.II,53; S.I,74 (cp.K.S.I.100<sup>n</sup>) J.II,261 (v.l.bhadda°); Vism.92 (v.l.SS bhadda°).--muttaka [cp.Sk.bhadramusta] a kind of fragrant grass (Cyperus rotundus) DA.I,81; Abhp 599.--yuga a noble pair DhA.I,95 (Kolita &#38; Upatissa),--vāhana the auspicious (royal) vehicle (or carriage) Miln.4.(Page 498),6,1
  3280. 103503,en,15,bhaddaka,bhaddaka,Bhaddaka,Bhaddaka,<sup>(a)</sup> &#38; Bhadraka<sup>(b)</sup> [fr.bhadda] 1.good,of good quality (opp.pāpaka) A.IV,169<sup>(a)</sup>.-- 2.honoured,of high repute J.III,269<sup>(a)</sup> (=sambhāvita C.).-- 3.(m.nt.) a good thing,lucky or auspicious possession,a valuable.Appl<sup>d</sup> to the 8 requisites (parikkhārā) of a Samaṇa at J.V,254<sup>(b)</sup>.-- On upari-bhaddaka (N.of a tree J.VI,269; C.=bhagini-mālā) see upari.-- At A.IV,255 bhaddaka is given as one of the eight ingredients of the sun &#38; moon; it may be gold (? cp.Kirfel,Kosmographie 190),or simply a term for a very valuable quality.(Page 498),8,1
  3281. 103778,en,15,bhaga,bhaga,Bhaga,Bhaga,[Vedic bhaga,<em>bhaj</em>,see bhagavant etc.] luck,lot,fortune,only in cpd.<i>dub°</i> (adj.) unhappy,unpleasant,uncomfortable It.90; DA.I,96 (°karaṇa).--<i>bhaga</i> (in verse “bhagehi ca vibhattavā" in exegesis of word “Bhagava") at DA.I,34 read <i>bhava</i>,as read at id.p.Vism.210.(Page 495),5,1
  3282. 103789,en,15,bhaga,bhāga,Bhāga,Bhāga,[cp.Vedic bhāga,fr.<em>bhaj</em>,bhajati] 1.part,portion,fraction,share Vin.I,285; Sn.427 (sahassa-bhāgo maraṇassa=sahassaṃ bhāgānaṃ assā ti SnA 387; a thousand times a share of death,i.e.very near death,almost quite dead),702 (v.l.SnA 492 for Sn.samāna-bhāva,evenness,proportionate-ness); Vv 14<sup>6</sup> (=kummāsa-koṭṭhāsa VvA.62); Pv.I,11<sup>5</sup> (aḍḍhi° one half); Vin.IV,264.-- Cp.<i>vi°</i>.<i> --bhāgaso</i> (Abl.-adv.) in parts,by parts,by portions,esp.in even portions,i.e.evenly,in proportion S.I,193 (according to each one’s share; cp.Th.1,1242); M.III,183; Vv 7<sup>2</sup>; Miln.330,415 (aneka° hundredfold or more).<i>bhāgaso mita</i> (of cities or dwelling-places etc.) evenly planned,well laid out,i.e.in squares Sn.300,305 (nivesanāni suvibhattāni bhāgaso); J.V,266 (cp.C.on p.272)=Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III,D</SUP>; Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup> (=bhāgato mita PvA.52).--<i>bhāgabhatta</i> apportioned food,ration DhA.I,134.-- Cp.<i>dobbhagga</i> “disproportionateness," i.e.bad luck.-- 2.apportioned share (of money),fee,remuneration,always in term <i>ācariya°</i> (ācariyassa) the teacher’s fee (usually consisting in 1,000 kahāpaṇas) J.I,273; V,457; VI,178; Miln.10; DhA.I,253.-- 3.division of space,quarter,side,place,region:<i>disā°</i> quarter of the compass Vin.II,217; <i>para°</i> outside part KhA 206 =PvA.24 (kuḍḍānaṃ parabhāgā=tiro-kuḍḍā); <i>pacchābhāgaṃ</i> (Acc.adv.) at the back part,behind PvA.114.-- fig.way,respect,in <i>ubhato-bhāga-</i>vimutta “free in both ways" D.II,71; M.I,477 (see Dial II.70; i.e.free both by insight and by the intellectual discipline of the 8 stages of Deliverance,the aṭṭha vimokkhā).-- 4.division of time,time,always --°,e.g.<i>pubba°</i> the past,<i>apara°</i> the future PvA.133; obl.cases adverbially:tena <i>divasa-bhāgena</i> (+ratti <i>bhāgena) at that</i> day ( &#38; that very night) Miln.18; <i>apara-bhāge</i> (Loc.) in future J.I,34; PvA.116.(Page 501),5,1
  3283. 103816,en,15,bhagalavant,bhagalavant,Bhagalavant,Bhagalavant,[of uncertain origin] N.of a mountain SnA 197 (Loc.Bhagalavati pabbate).Occurs also as an assembly-hall under the N.of Bhagalavatī at D.III,201.Cp.Kirfel,Kosmographie 196.(Page 495),11,1
  3284. 103822,en,15,bhagandala,bhagandala,Bhagandala,Bhagandala,( &#38; ā) [cp.late Sk.bhagandara] an ulcer,fistula Vin.I,216,272; Nd<sup>1</sup> 370.Has expl<sup>n</sup> at Dhtm 204 “bhaganda secane hoti" (“comes from sprinkling") anything to do with our word? (Page 495),10,1
  3285. 103885,en,15,bhagavant,bhagavant,Bhagavant,Bhagavant,(adj.n.) [cp.Vedic bhagavant,fr.bhaga] fortunate,illustrious,sublime,as Ep.and title “Lord." Thus applied to the Buddha (amhākaṃ Bh.) and his predecessors.Occurs with extreme frequency; of fanciful exegetic expl<sup>ns</sup> of the term &#38; its meaning we mention e.g.those at Nd<sup>1</sup> 142=Nd<sup>2</sup> 466; Vism.210 sq.; DA.I,33 sq.Usual trs.Blessed One,Exalted One.(Page 495),9,1
  3286. 103887,en,15,bhagavant,bhāgavant,Bhāgavant,Bhāgavant,(adj.) [fr.bhāga,equal to bhāgin] sharing in,partaking of (Gen.) Dh.19,20 (sāmaññassa).(Page 501),9,1
  3287. 103904,en,15,bhagga,bhagga,Bhagga,Bhagga,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.bhaga; cp.Sk. &#38; P.bhāgya] fortune,good luck,welfare,happiness Vism.210 (akāsi °ṃ ti garū ti Bhāgyavā etc.).(Page 496),6,1
  3288. 103905,en,15,bhagga,bhagga,Bhagga,Bhagga,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of <em>bhañj</em>,Sk.bhagna] broken,in phrases “sabbā te <i>phāsukā</i> bhaggā" J.I,493,which is applied metaphorically at Dh.154 (phāsukā=pāpakā?),expl<sup>d</sup> DhA.III,128 (artificially) by “avasesa-kilesa-phāsukā bhaggā"; further “bhaggā pāpakā dhammā" Vism.211; bhaggā <i>kilesā</i> Miln.44; and bhagga-<i>rāga</i>,°dosa etc.(in def.of Bhagavā) at Nd<sup>1</sup> 142=Nd<sup>2</sup> 466 B,quoted at Vism.211.(Page 496),6,1
  3289. 103955,en,15,bhaggava,bhaggava,Bhaggava,Bhaggava,[cp.Sk.*bhārgava,a der.fr.bhṛgu, &#38; bhargaḥ,of same root as Lat.fulgur lightning; Gr.flόc light; Ger.blitzen,blank; Ags.blanca white horse,all of the idea of “shining,bright,radiant." -- How the meaning “potter" is connected with this meaning,is still a problem,perhaps we have to take the word merely as an Epithet at the one passage where it occurs,which happens to be in the Kumbhakāra-jātaka,v.6,7.i.e.the “Jātaka of the potter"] potter (?) J.III,381,382,in Voc.bhaggava (m.) &#38; bhaggavī (f.).The terms are not expl<sup>d</sup> in C.,evidently because somewhat obscure.According to Kern,Toev.s.v.the Sk.form in this meaning occurs at MBh.I.190,47; Saddhp.191 sq.,MVastu III,347.(Page 496),8,1
  3290. 103964,en,15,bhaggavant,bhaggavant,Bhaggavant,Bhaggavant,(adj.n.) [fr.bhagga<sup>2</sup>,cp.Sk. &#38; P.bhāgyavant] having good luck or auspices,fortunate; in def.of “Bhagavā" at Vism.210=DA.I,34 (“bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto"); with ref.to the 4 qualities implied in the word “bhagavā," which passage is alluded to at VvA.231 by remark “bhāgyavantat’ādīhi catūhi kāraṇehi Bhagavā." (Page 496),10,1
  3291. 103991,en,15,bhagimant,bhāgimant,Bhāgimant,Bhāgimant,(adj.) [a double adj.formation bhāgin+ mant] partaking in,sharing,possessing (with Gen.) Th.2,204 (dukkhassa); ThA.171 (=bhāgin).(Page 501),9,1
  3292. 103995,en,15,bhagin,bhāgin,Bhāgin,Bhāgin,(adj.) [fr.bhāga.Cp.Vedic bhāgin] sharing in,partaking of (with Gen.),endowed with; getting,receiving A.II,80; III,42 (āyussa vaṇṇassa etc.); J.I,87 (rasānaṃ); Miln.18 (sāmaññassa); Vism.150 (lābhassa); DhA.II,90; VbhA.418 sq.(paññā as hāna-bhāginī,ṭhiti°,visesa° &#38; <i>nibbedha°</i>).-- Also in def.of term <i>Bhagavā</i> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 142=Nd<sup>2</sup> 466=Vism.210.-- pl.<i>bhāgino</i> Pv III,1<sup>12</sup> (dukkhassa); PvA.18 (dānaphalassa),175.-- Cp.bhāgavant,bhāgimant,bhāgiya.(Page 501),6,1
  3293. 104001,en,15,bhagineyya,bhāgineyya,Bhāgineyya,Bhāgineyya,[fr.bhaginī,Cp.Epic Sk.bhāgineya] sister’s son,nephew Sn.695; J.I,207; II,237; DhA.I,14; PvA.215.(Page 501),10,1
  3294. 104025,en,15,bhagini,bhaginī,Bhaginī,Bhaginī,(f.) [Epic Sk.bhaginī] a sister J.VI,32.The popular etym.of bh.as given at VbhA.108 is the same as that for bhātar,viz.“<i>bhagatī</i> ti bh." -- Cpd.<i>bhagini-māla</i> a “sister garland" (?) N.of a tree J.VI,270 (=upari-bhaddaka).(Page 495),7,1
  3295. 104094,en,15,bhagiya,bhāgiya,Bhāgiya,Bhāgiya,(adj.) (-°) [fr.bhāga,cp.bhāgin] connected with,conducive to,procuring; in foll.philos.terms:kusala° A.I,11; hāna°,visesa° D.III,274 sq.; hāna°,ṭhiti°,visesa°,nibbedha° Vism.15 (in verse),88=Ps.I,35.‹-› Cp.BSk.mokṣa bhāgīya,nirvedha° Divy 50; mokṣa° ibid.363.(Page 501),7,1
  3296. 104113,en,15,bhagya,bhāgya,Bhāgya,Bhāgya,(nt.) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.bhāgya; fr.bhaga,see also contracted form bhagga<sup>2</sup>] good luck,fortune J.V,484.(Page 501),6,1
  3297. 104127,en,15,bhagyavant,bhāgyavant,Bhāgyavant,Bhāgyavant,(adj.) [same as bhaggavant,only differentiated as being the Sk.form and thus distinguished as sep.word by Commentators] having good luck,auspicious,fortunate,in def.of term “Bhagavā" at DA.I,34=Vism.210; also at VvA.231,where the abstr.<i>bhāgyavantatā</i> is formed as expl<sup>n</sup> of the term.<i>bhāgyavatā</i> (f.) at Vism.211.(Page 501),10,1
  3298. 104148,en,15,bhajaka,bhājaka,Bhājaka,Bhājaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.bhajeti] distributing,one who distributes or one charged with the office of distributing clothes,food etc.among the Bhikkhus Vin.I,285 (cīvara°); A.III,275 (cīvara°,phala°,khajjaka°).(Page 501),7,1
  3299. 104169,en,15,bhajana,bhajanā,Bhajanā,Bhajanā,(f.) [fer.<em>bhaj</em>] resorting to,familiarity with Pug.20=Dhs.1326,cp.sam° &#38; Dhs.trsl.345.(Page 496),7,1
  3300. 104179,en,15,bhajana,bhājana,Bhājana,Bhājana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>bhāj</em>] division,dividing up,in <i>pada°</i> dividing of words,treating of words separately DhsA.343; similarly <i>bhājaniyaṃ</i> that which should be classed or divided DhsA.2,also in <i>pada°</i> division of a phrase DhsA.54.(Page 501),7,1
  3301. 104180,en,15,bhajana,bhājana,Bhājana,Bhājana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.bhājana,fr.<em>bhāj</em>] a bowl,vessel,dish,usually earthenware,but also of other metal,e.g.gold (suvaṇṇa°) DA.I,295; copper (tamba°) DhA.I,395; bronze (kaṃsa°) Vism.142 (in simile).‹-› Vin.I,46; Sn.577 (pl.mattika-bhājanā); J.II,272 (bhikkhā°); III,366 (id.),471; V 293 (bhatta°); Miln.107; VvA.40,292 (v.l.bhojana); PvA.104,145,251; Sdhp.571.<br><br> <i>--vikati</i> a special bowl J.V,292 (so read for T.bhojana°); Vism.376.(Page 501),7,1
  3302. 104348,en,15,bhajati,bhajati,Bhajati,Bhajati,[<em>bhaj</em> to divide,partake etc.:see Caus.<i>bhājeti</i> &#38; cp.vi°] to associate with (Acc.),keep companionship with,follow,resort to; to be attached to (Acc.),to love.Freq.syn.of <i>sevati</i>.The Dhtp &#38; Dhtm mark the fig.meaning (bhaj<sup>2</sup>) by sevāyaṃ (Dhtp 61),sevāputhakkare (Dhtm 523) &#38; saṃsevane (ib.76),whilst the lit.(bhaj<sup>1</sup>) is expressed by vibhājane.-- Sn.958 (bhajato rittaṃ āsanaṃ; Gen.sq.ppr.=sevato etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 466); Dh.76,303; Pug.26,33; J.I,216=III,510 (disā bh.) VI,358; Sdhp.275.-- Pot.<i>bhaje</i> Dh.76,78,and <i>bhajetha</i> Dh.78 (=payirupāsetha),208 in sense of imper.; hence 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.formed like Caus.as <i>bhajehi</i> J.III,148 (C.bhajeyyāsi; cp.Geiger,P.Gr.139<sup>2</sup>).‹-› -- grd.<i>bhajitabba</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.kāmaguṇā B (sevitabba,bh.,bhāvetabba).(Page 496),7,1
  3303. 104410,en,15,bhajeti,bhājeti,Bhājeti,Bhājeti,[Caus.of bhajati,but to be taken as root by itself; cp.Dhtm 777 bhāja=puthakkare] to divide,distribute,deal out Vin.IV,223 (ppr.bhājiyamāna); J.I,265; DhsA.4 (fut.bhājessati) grd.<i>bhājetabba</i> Vin.I,285.-- pp.<i>bhājita</i>.(Page 501),7,1
  3304. 104451,en,15,bhajin,bhajin,Bhajin,Bhajin,(adj.) [fr.bhajati] loving,attached to,worshipping Nd<sup>1</sup> 142 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of “Bhagavā").(Page 496),6,1
  3305. 104463,en,15,bhajita,bhājita,Bhājita,Bhājita,[pp.of bhājeti] divided,distributed; nt.that which has been dealt out or allotted,in cpd.<i>bhājit-âbhājita</i> A.III,275.(Page 501),7,1
  3306. 104536,en,15,bhajjati,bhajjati,Bhajjati,Bhajjati,[Vedic bhṛjjati,cp.Gr.fru/gw to roast,fru/ganon dry wood; Lat.frīgo to make dry] to roast,toast Vin.IV,264; Dhtp 79 &#38; Dhtm 94,expl<sup>d</sup> by “pāke." ‹-› Caus.<i>bhajjāpeti</i> to have,or get roasted Vin.IV,264; DhA.I,224 (v.l.K.paccāpeti).(Page 496),8,1
  3307. 104590,en,15,bhakkha,bhakkha,Bhakkha,Bhakkha,(-°) (adj.) [fr.<em>bhakṣ</em>] 1.eating,feeding on D.III,41 (sāka° etc.); S.I,69 (pahūta° voracious,of fire),238 (kodha°); Pv.I,9<sup>1</sup> (lohita-pubba°); Pug.55 (tiṇa°); Sdhp.388 (tiṇa°).-- 2.eatable,to be eaten; nt.<i>°ṃ</i> food,prey,in cpd.appa-bhakkha offering no food Vv 84<sup>3</sup> (appodaka+).-- pl.also <i>bhakkhā</i> (eatables) J.II,14; IV,241 (similar context; =bhojana C.); Pv.II,9<sup>41</sup> (=āhārā PvA.129).It is to be pointed out that bhakkhā occurs in poetry,in stock phrase “dibbā bhakkhā pātubhavanti"; cp.Vedic <i>bhakṣa</i> (m) feeding,partaking of food,esp.drink (of Soma),thus something extraordinary.(Page 495),7,1
  3308. 104626,en,15,bhakkhati,bhakkhati,Bhakkhati,Bhakkhati,[<em>bhakṣ</em> fr.<em>bhaj</em>,cp.Sk.bhakṣati &#38; bhakṣayati; Dhtp 17 &#38; 537 expl<sup>ns</sup> by “adana"] to eat,to feed upon Pv.II,2<sup>5</sup> (pubba-lohitaṃ); DhA.II,57 (vātaṃ).‹-› inf.<i>bhakkhituṃ</i> J.II,14.-- Caus.<i>bhakkheti</i> in same meaning J.IV,349 (aor.bhakkhesuṃ); cp.BSk.bhakṣayati Divy 276.(Page 495),9,1
  3309. 104699,en,15,bhakuti,bhakuṭi,Bhakuṭi,Bhakuṭi,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.bhrakuṭi from older bhṛkuti,bhrukuṭi or bhrūkuṭi] superciliousness Sn.485.J.III,99; Vism.26 (°karaṇa); SnA 412.Der.<i>bhākuṭika</i> (q.v.).See also <i>bhūkuṭi</i>.(Page 495),7,1
  3310. 104711,en,15,bhakutika,bhākuṭika,Bhākuṭika,Bhākuṭika,(adj.) [fr.bhakuṭi] knitting the eyebrows,frowning,only in redupl.cpd.<i>bhākuṭika-</i>bhākuṭiko frowning continually,supercilious Vin.II,11=III,181 (manda-mando+); Nd<sup>2</sup> 342 (korajika-korajiko+); Vism.26 (id.).-- f.<i>bhākuṭikā</i> a frown,frowning,superciliousness,def.at Vism.26 as “padhāna-parimathitabhāva-dassanena bhākuṭi [read bhakuṭi] --karaṇaṃ <i>mukha-saṅkoco</i> ti vuttaṃ hoti." It occurs in stock phrase bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā kuhāyanā in def.of kuhanā at Vbh.352=Vism.23,25 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 225),and at Nd<sup>2</sup> 342 D.See also VbhA.482 (bhākuṭikaraṇaṃ sīlam assā ti bhākuṭiko).The form <i>bhākuṭiyaṃ</i> (nt.) is originally the same as <i>bhākuṭikā</i>,only differentiated in C.-style.The def.at Vism.26 is “bhākuṭikassa bhāvo bhākuṭiyaṃ." The v.l.ibid.is <i>bhākuṭitā</i>.<i> --bhākuṭikaṃ</i> karoti to make a frowning face,to act superciliously Vism.105 (as a quality of one “dosa-carita").(Page 501),9,1
  3311. 104741,en,15,bhallaka,bhallaka,Bhallaka,Bhallaka,[lit.from the Bhalla people] a kind of copper,enum<sup>d</sup> under the eight pisāca-lohāni,or copper coming from the Piśāca country VbhA.63 (is reading correct?).It is doubtful whether we should not read mallaka,cp.malla.(Page 499),8,1
  3312. 104746,en,15,bhallataka,bhallāṭaka,Bhallāṭaka,Bhallāṭaka,[cp.Epic Sk.bhallātaka] the marking nut plant Semicarpus anacardium J.VI,578.(Page 499),10,1
  3313. 104827,en,15,bhamara,bhamara,Bhamara,Bhamara,[cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.bhramara; either to bhram (semantically quick,unsteady motion=confused noise),cp.Gr.fόrmigc zither; or perhaps for *bramara to Ohg.bremo=Ger.bremse gadfly,bremen=brummen to hum; Gr.brόmos thunder,Lat.fremo to growl,roar:see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.fremo] 1.a bee J.V,205 (°vaṇṇa bee-coloured,i.e.of black colour,in expl<sup>n</sup> of kaṇha); Th.2,252.Usually in similes,e.g.at Dh.49 (cp.DhA.I,374 sq.); Vism.142,152; SnA 139.-- 2.in bhamara-tanti “the string that sounds," one of the seven strings of the lute J.II,253,cp.VvA.140.(Page 498),7,1
  3314. 104865,en,15,bhamarika,bhamarikā,Bhamarikā,Bhamarikā,(f.) [fr.bhamara] a humming top J.V,478.(Page 498),9,1
  3315. 104934,en,15,bhamu,bhamu,Bhamu,Bhamu,(f.) [secondary formation after bhamuka] eyebrow J.VI,476 (ṭhita°),482 (nīla°). Bhamuka ( &#38; Bhamukha) (f.) [cp.Vedic bhrū; the Pali word is possibly a comp<sup>n</sup> of bhrū+mukha with dissimilation of first u to a] eyebrow Th.11,232=S.I,132 pamukh-; J.IV,18 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of su-bbhū=su-bhamukhā in C.,Fausböll puts “bhamuka"? Kern on this passage quotes BSk.bhrūmukha,see Toev.s.v.); VI,503 (aḷāra° for pamukha); DhA.III,102; IV,90,197=J.V,434; SnA 285.(Page 498),5,1
  3316. 104972,en,15,bhana,bhāṇa,Bhāṇa,Bhāṇa,[fr.bhaṇati] reciting or preaching,in <i>pada°</i> reciting the verses of the Scriptures DhA.II,95 (v.l.paṭibhāna); III,345; IV,18.<br><br> <i>--vāra</i> a section of the Scriptures,divided into such for purposes of recitation,“a recital" Vin.I,14; II,247; DA.13; MA 2 (concerning the Bh.of Majjhima Nikāya); SnA 2 (of Sutta Nipāta),608 (id.); DhsA.6 (of Dhammasaṅgaṇī,cp.Expos.8 n.3),and frequently in other Commentaries &#38; Expositionary Works.(Page 501),5,1
  3317. 104982,en,15,bhanaka,bhāṇaka,Bhāṇaka,Bhāṇaka,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.bhāṇḍaka a small box:Kathāsarits.24,163; &#38; see Müller,P.Gr.p.48] a jar Vin.II,170 (loha°); III,90.(Page 501),7,1
  3318. 104983,en,15,bhanaka,bhāṇaka,Bhāṇaka,Bhāṇaka,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-n.) [fr.bhaṇati] speaking; (n.) a reciter,repeater,preacher (of sections of the Scriptures),like <i>Aṅguttara°</i> Vism.74 sq.; <i>Dīgha°</i> DA.I,15,131; J.I,59; Vism.36,266; <i>Jātaka°</i> etc.Miln.341 sq.; <i>Majjhima°</i> Vism.95 (Revatthera),275,286,431; <i>Saṃyutta°</i> Vism.313 (Cūḷa-Sivatthera).Unspecified at SnA 70 (Kalyāṇavihāravāsi-bhāṇaka-dahara-bhikkhu; reading doubtful).-- f.<i>bhāṇikā</i> Vin.IV,285 (Thullanandā bahussutā bhāṇikā); also in cpd.<i>mañju-bhāṇikā</i> sweet-voiced,uttering sweet words J.VI,422.(Page 501),7,1
  3319. 105003,en,15,bhanana,bhaṇana,Bhaṇana,Bhaṇana,(nt.) [fr.bhaṇati] telling,speaking DhA.IV,93 (°sīla,adj.wont to speak); Dhtp 111.(Page 497),7,1
  3320. 105038,en,15,bhanati,bhaṇati,Bhaṇati,Bhaṇati,[<i>bhaṇ;</i> cp.Sk.bhaṇati; Ohg.ban=E.ban etc.“proclamation." See connections in Walde,Lat.Wtb.under fabula.-- Expl<sup>d</sup> by Dhtp 111 as “bhaṇana." by Dhtm 162 as “bhāsana"] to speak,tell,proclaim (the nearest synonym is <i>katheti:</i> see Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.katheti) Dh.264; Pug.33,56; DhA.II,95.-- ppr.<i>bhaṇanto</i> Sn.397.Pot.<i>bhaṇe</i> Sn.1131 (=bhaṇeyya Nd<sup>2</sup> 469); Dh.224 (saccaṃ; =dīpeyya vohareyya DhA.III,316).Also <i>bhaṇeyya</i> Sn.397.An old subjunctive form is <i>bhaṇā-</i> <i>mase</i> S.I,209 (cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 126).Prohib.<i>mā bhāṇi</i>.A Caus.form is <i>bhāṇaye</i> (Pot.) Sn.397.(Page 496),7,1
  3321. 105073,en,15,bhanda,bhaṇḍa,Bhaṇḍa,Bhaṇḍa,(nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.bhāṇḍa] 1.stock in trade; collectively goods,wares,property,possessions,also “object" S.I,43 (itthi bhaṇḍānaṃ uttamaṃ woman is the highest property),Nd<sup>2</sup> 38; J.III,353 (yācita° object asked,=yāca); ThA.288 (id.); Vism.22.--bhaṇḍaṃ <i>kiṇāti</i> to buy goods VbhA.165.--bhaṇḍaṃ <i>vikkiṇati</i> to sell goods J.I,377 (+paṭibhaṇḍaṃ dāpeti to receive goods in return); vikkiṇiya-bh.goods for sale DhA.I,390.--<i>assāmika°</i> ownerless goods,unclaimed property J.VI,348; <i>ābharaṇa°</i> trinkets,jewelry J.III,221; <i>piya°</i> best goods,treasure J.III,279; <i>bahu°</i> having many goods,rich in possessions Vin.III,138; KhA 241 (of a bhikkhu); <i>vara°</i> best property or belongings Vin.IV,225.-- 2.implement,article,instrument Vin.II,142,143 (where 3 kinds are distinguished:of wood,copper, &#38; of earthenware),170 (id.); Dāvs.IV,50 (turiya°).-- In <i>assa</i>(hatthi°)<i>--bhaṇḍa</i> Vin.I,85 sq.,the meaning “horse (elephant-) trader (or owner)" does not seem clear; should we read <i>paṇḍaka</i>? Cp.bhaṇḍa=paṇḍa under bhaṇḍati.<br><br> <i>--âgāra</i> store house,warehouse,only in der.<i>--âgārika</i> keeper of stores Vin.I,284; II,176; surveyor of the (royal) warehouses,royal treasurer (a higher court office:cp.Fick.Sociale Gliederung 101 sq.) J.III,293; IV,43; V,117; Miln.37; DA.I,21; PvA.2,20.<i>--āhāraka</i> (trader) taking up goods DhA.IV,60.(Page 497),6,1
  3322. 105192,en,15,bhandaka,bhaṇḍaka,Bhaṇḍaka,Bhaṇḍaka,(adj.in sense of collect.nt.) [fr.bhaṇḍa] 1.article,implement; <i>kīḷā°</i> toys J.VI,6.-- 2.belongings,property Vin.IV,225.-- 3.trappings,in <i>assa°</i> horsetrappings J.II,113.(Page 497),8,1
  3323. 105231,en,15,bhandana,bhaṇḍana,Bhaṇḍana,Bhaṇḍana,(nt.) [fr.<em>bhaṇḍ</em>,cp.BSk.bhāṇḍana Divy 164] quarrel,quarrelling,strife It.11; J III,149; Nd<sup>1</sup> 196; DhA.I,55,64.(Page 497),8,1
  3324. 105334,en,15,bhandati,bhaṇḍati,Bhaṇḍati,Bhaṇḍati,[<em>bhaṇḍ</em>,cp.“paṇḍa bhaṇḍa paribhāse" Dhtp 568; Dhtm 798] to quarrel,abuse Vin.I,76 (saddhiṃ); IV,277; Th.1,933; SnA 357 (aññamaññaṃ).(Page 497),8,1
  3325. 105372,en,15,bhandi,bhaṇḍi,Bhaṇḍi,Bhaṇḍi,[?] a certain plant or flower J.V,420.Reading uncertain.(Page 497),6,1
  3326. 105384,en,15,bhandika,bhaṇḍikā,Bhaṇḍikā,Bhaṇḍikā,(f.) [fr.bhaṇḍaka,in collect.sense] collection of goods,heap,bundle; <i>bhaṇḍikaṃ karoti</i> to make into a heap J.III,221,437; or <i>bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhati</i> to tie into a bundle DhA.II,254; VvA.187.<i>sahassa°</i> a heap of 1,000 kahāpaṇas J.II,424; III,60; IV,2.-- Note.bhaṇḍika is v.l.at J.III,41 for gaṇḍikā.(Page 497),8,1
  3327. 105421,en,15,bhandu,bhaṇḍu,Bhaṇḍu,Bhaṇḍu,(adj.) [etym.uncertain,dialectical or=paṇḍu?] bald-headed,close shaven Vin.I,71 (°kamma shaving),76 (kammāra°); J.III,22; VI,538 (+tittira); Miln.11,128.(Page 497),6,1
  3328. 105467,en,15,bhane,bhaṇe,Bhaṇe,Bhaṇe,(indecl.) [orig.1<sup>st</sup> sg.pres.Med.of bhaṇati] “I say," used as an interjection of emphasis,like “to be sure," “look here." It is a familiar term of address,often used by a king to his subjects Vin.I,240 (amhākaṃ kira bhaṇe vijite Bhaddiya-nagare),241 (gaccha bhaṇe jānāhi ...) Miln.21 (atthi bhaṇe añño koci paṇḍito ...).(Page 497),5,1
  3329. 105477,en,15,bhaneti,bhāṇeti,Bhāṇeti,Bhāṇeti,Caus.of <i>bhaṇati</i> (q.v.) with 3<sup>rd</sup> praet.<i>bhāṇi</i> &#38; pot.<i>bhāṇaye</i>.(Page 502),7,1
  3330. 105491,en,15,bhanga,bhaṅga,Bhaṅga,Bhaṅga,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Class.Sk.bhaṅga,fr.<em>bhañj</em><i>:</i> see bhañjati] 1.(lit.) breaking,breaking off,in <i>sākhā°</i> a layer of broken-off branches J.III,407.-- 2.(fig.) breaking up,dissolution,disruption (see on form Cpd.25,66) Ps.I,57 sq.(°ânupassanā insight into disruption),quoted &#38; expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.640 sq.; VbhA.27 (°khaṇa); Sdhp.48,78 (āsā°).Cp.vi°.(Page 496),6,1
  3331. 105492,en,15,bhanga,bhaṅga,Bhaṅga,Bhaṅga,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.bhaṅga,which occurs already Atharva-veda XI.6.15 (see Zimmer.Altind.Leben 68),also Av.baṃha,Polish pienka hemp.On its possible etym.connection with Vedic śaṇa (Ath.Veda II.4.5) =P.saṇa &#38; sāṇa hemp (=Gr.kάnnabis,Ger.hanf,E.hemp) see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.cannabis] hemp; coarse hempen cloth Vin.I,58 (where comb<sup>d</sup> with sāṇa).(Page 496),6,1
  3332. 105532,en,15,bhangana,bhaṅgana,Bhaṅgana,Bhaṅgana, &#38; Bhaṅgaloka [to bhaṅga<sup>1</sup>?] are vv.ll.of Npl.at Nd<sup>1</sup> 155 for <i>Gaṅgaṇa </i>&<i> Aṅgaṇeka</i> respectively.With misspelling bh›g,cp.bheṇḍaka›geṇḍaka.(Page 496),8,1
  3333. 105622,en,15,bhanin,bhāṇin,Bhāṇin,Bhāṇin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.bhaṇati] speaking,reciting Sn.850 (<i>manta°</i> a reciter of the Mantras,one who knows the M.and speaks accordingly,i.e.speaking wisely,expl<sup>d</sup> by SnA 549 as “mantāya pariggahetvā vācaṃ bhāsitā"); Dh.363 (id.; expl<sup>d</sup> as “mantā vuccati paññā,tāya pana bhaṇana-sīlo" DhA.IV,93).--<i>ativela°</i> speaking for an excessively long time,talking in excess J.IV,247,248.(Page 502),6,1
  3334. 105671,en,15,bhanjaka,bhañjaka,Bhañjaka,Bhañjaka,(adj.) [fr.bhañjati] breaking,spoiling,destroying (<i>attha°-</i>visaṃvāda; cp.bhañjanaka) J.III,499.(Page 496),8,1
  3335. 105685,en,15,bhanjana,bhañjana,Bhañjana,Bhañjana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [for byañjana,in composition; maybe graphical mistake] anointing,smearing,oiling,in <i>gatta°</i> and <i>pāda°-</i>bbhañjana-tela oil for rubbing the body and the feet Vism.100; VvA.295.(Page 496),8,1
  3336. 105686,en,15,bhanjana,bhañjana,Bhañjana,Bhañjana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.bhañjati] breakage,breaking down,break,only in cpd.<i>akkha°</i> break of the axle Vism.32,45; DhA.I,375; PvA.277.(Page 496),8,1
  3337. 105692,en,15,bhanjanaka,bhañjanaka,Bhañjanaka,Bhañjanaka,(nt.) [fr.bhañjana<sup>1</sup>] destroying,hurting,spoiling,in phrase <i>attha°</i> destroying the welfare (with ref.to the telling of lies) DhA.III,356; VvA.72; cp.<i>bhañjaka</i>.(Page 496),10,1
  3338. 105702,en,15,bhanjanin,bhañjanin,Bhañjanin,Bhañjanin,(adj.) [fr.<em>bhañj</em>] breaking,destroying,in <i>cakka°</i> breaking the wheel,fig.breaking the state of harmony J.V,112.(Page 496),9,1
  3339. 105726,en,15,bhanjati,bhañjati,Bhañjati,Bhañjati,<i> </i>[<em>bhañj</em>,cp.Vedic bhañjati &#38; bhanakti,roots with &#38; without r,as Lat.frango=Goth.brikan=Ohg.brehhan,E.break,Sk.giri-bhraj breaking forth from the mountain; and Sk.bhaṅga,bhañji wave.-- The Dhtp.68 paraphrases by “omaddana," Dhtm 73 by “avamaddana"] 1.(trs. &#38; intrs.) to break Vin.I,74 (phāsukā bhañjitabbā ribs to be broken); Dh.337 (mā bhañji=mā bhañjatu C.).Pv.II,9<sup>3</sup> (sākhaṃ bhañjeyya =chindeyya PvA.114); PvA.277 (akkho bhañji the axle broke,intrs.).-- 2.to fold or furl (the lip):<i>oṭṭhaṃ</i> bh.J.II,264.-- 3.(fig.) to break up,spoil,destroy,in <i>atthaṃ</i> bh.to destroy the good S.IV,347 (cp.bhañjanaka).-- pp.<i>bhagga<sup>1</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 496),8,1
  3340. 105774,en,15,bhannam,bhaññam,Bhaññam,Bhaññam,(J.V,317) see <i>bhā</i>.(Page 496),7,1
  3341. 105787,en,15,bhanta,bhanta,Bhanta,Bhanta,[pp.of <em>bham</em>] swerving,swaying,staggering,deviating; always used of an uncontrolled car (ratha or yāna) Dh.222 (ratha=ativegena dhāvanta DhA.III,301); (yāna=adanta akārita aviṇīta Nd<sup>1</sup> 145); DhsA.260 (°yāna).Cp.vi°.(Page 498),6,1
  3342. 105812,en,15,bhantatta,bhantatta,Bhantatta,Bhantatta,(nt.) [fr.bhanta] turmoil,confusion Dhs.429 (=vibhanti-bhāva DhsA.260,so read for vibhatti°); cp.Dhs.trsl.120.(Page 498),9,1
  3343. 105825,en,15,bhante,bhante,Bhante,Bhante,[would correspond either to Sk.*bhavantaḥ (with ending °e as Māgadhism for °aḥ)=bhavān,or to P.bhadanta.In both cases we have a contraction.The expl<sup>n</sup> bhante=bhadante (bhadantaḥ) is advocated by Pischel,Prk.Gr.§§ 165,366<sup>b</sup>,intimated also by Weber,Bhagavatī 156 n.3 (unable to explain --e); the expl<sup>n</sup> bhante=bhavantah (see bhavaṃ) by Geiger,P.Gr.98<sup>3</sup>; hinted at by Weber Loc.cit.(bhavantaḥ=bhagavantaḥ)] Voc.of polite address:Sir,venerable Sir,used like bhadante.Either abs.as Voc.:Vin.I,76; D.II,154,283; J.II,111; III,46; Miln.19; or with another Voc.:Miln.25; or with other oblique cases,as with Nom.D.I,179; DhA.I,62.with Gen.D.I,179.(Page 498),6,1
  3344. 105848,en,15,bhanu,bhānu,Bhānu,Bhānu,(adj.) [cp.Vedic bhānu (m.) shine,light,ray; Epic Sk.also “sun"] light,bright red J.III,62 (of the kaṇavera flower); VvA.175 (°raṃsi).(Page 502),5,1
  3345. 105858,en,15,bhanumant,bhānumant,Bhānumant,Bhānumant,(adj.) [fr.bhānu,ray of light Vedic bhānumant,Ep.of Agni; also Epic Sk.the sun] luminous,brilliant; mostly of the sun; Nom.<i>bhānumā</i> S.I,196= Th.1,1252; Vv 64<sup>17</sup>,78<sup>7</sup> (=ādicca VvA.304); J.I,183.Acc.<i>bhānumaṃ</i> Sn.1016.-- The spelling is sometimes <i>bhāṇumā</i>.(Page 502),9,1
  3346. 105875,en,15,bhara,bhara,Bhara,Bhara,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>bhṛ</em>] “bearing" in act. &#38; pass.meaning,i.e.supporting or being supported; only in cpd.<i>dubbhara</i> hard to support A.V,159,161 (v.l.dubhara),and <i>subhara</i> easy to support Th.1,926 (trsl.“of frugal ways").(Page 499),5,1
  3347. 105886,en,15,bhara,bhāra,Bhāra,Bhāra,[fr.<i>bhṛ</i>,Vedic bhāra; cp.bhara] 1.anything to carry,a load Vin.III,278 (Bdhgh; dāru° a load of wood).<i>bhāraṃ vahati</i> to carry a load A.I,84; VvA.23.--<i>garu°</i> a heavy load,as “adj." “carrying a heavy load" J.V,439 (of a woman,=pregnant).--<i>bhāratara</i> (adj.‹-› compar.) forming a heavier load Miln.155.-- Cp.<i>ati°</i>,sam°.-- 2.a load,cartload (as measure of quantity) VvA.12 (saṭṭhi-sakaṭa°-parimāṇa); PvA.102 (aneka°parimāṇa).-- 3.(fig.) a difficult thing,a burden or duty,i.e.a charge,business,office,task,affair Vism.375; J.I,292; II,399; IV,427; VI,413; DhA.I,6,111.Several bhārā or great tasks are mentioned exemplifying the meaning of “gambhīra" &#38; “duddasa" (saccāni) at VbhA.141,viz.mahā-samuddaṃ manthetvā ojāya nīharaṇaṃ; Sineru-pādato vālikāya uddharaṇaṃ; pabbataṃ pīḷetvā rasassa nīharaṇaṃ.-- 4.(fig.) in metaphors for the burden of (the factors of renewed) existence (the khandhas and similar agents).Esp.in phrase <i>panna-bhāra</i> “one whose load (or burden) has been laid down," one who has attained Arahantship M.I,139; A.III,84; S.I,233; Dh.402 (=ohita-khandha-bhāra DhA.IV,168); Sn.626 (same expl<sup>n</sup> at SnA 467),914 (expl<sup>d</sup> as patita-bhāra,oropita°,nikkhitta° Nd<sup>1</sup> 334,where 3 bhāras in this sense are distinguished,viz.khandha°,kilesa°,abhisaṅkhāra°); Th.1,1021.So at Vism.512 with ref.to the ariya-saccāni,viz.bhāro= dukkha-saccaṃ,bhār’ādānaṃ=samuda-saccaṃ,bhāranikkhepanaṃ=nirodha-s.,bhāra-nikkhepan’upāya = magga-s.-- On bhāra in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,118.<br><br> <i>--ādāna</i> the taking up of a burden S.III,25.<i>--(m)oropana</i> “laying down the load," i.e.delivery of a pregnant woman Bu II.115.<i>--ṭṭha</i> contained in a load,carried as a burden Vin.III,47.<i>--nikkhepana</i> the laying down or taking off of a burden S.III,25.<i>--mocana</i> delivery (of a pregnant woman) J.I,19.<i>--vāhin</i> “burdenbearer," one who carries an office or has a responsibility A.IV,24 (said of a bhikkhu).<i>--hāra</i> load-carrier,burdenbearer S.III,25 sq.(Page 502),5,1
  3348. 105936,en,15,bharaka,bhāraka,Bhāraka,Bhāraka,(-°) [fr.bhāra] a load,only in cpd.<i>gadrabha°</i> a donkey-load (of goods) J.II,109; DhA.I,123.(Page 502),7,1
  3349. 105956,en,15,bharana,bharaṇa,Bharaṇa,Bharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.<em>bhṛ</em>,Epic Sk.bharaṇa] bearing,supporting,maintenance Dhtm 346 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>bhṛ</i>); Abhp 1053.(Page 499),7,1
  3350. 106012,en,15,bharata,bharatā,Bharatā,Bharatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.bhara] only in cpd.<i>dub°</i> difficulty to support,state of being hard to maintain,synonymous with <i>kosajja</i> at A.IV,280,and <i>kuhanā</i> at A.V,159,161.-- opp.<i>subharatā</i> A.IV,280.(Page 499),7,1
  3351. 106022,en,15,bharataka,bhārataka,Bhārataka,Bhārataka,[fr.bhara] “the petty descendants of Bhārata" or:load-carrier,porter (?) Ś IV.117 (indignantly applied to apprentices and other low class young men who honour the Mahā-Kaccāna).(Page 502),9,1
  3352. 106048,en,15,bharati,bharati,Bharati,Bharati,[<em>bhṛ</em>,cp.Lat.fero,Gr.fέrw,Av.baraiti,Oir.berim,Goth.bairan=to bear,Ger.gebāren.Dhtm expl<sup>s</sup> simply by “bharena"] to bear,support,feed,maintain J.V,260 (mama bharatha,ahaṃ bhattā bhavāmi vo; C.expl<sup>ns</sup> as “maṃ icchatha").-- pp.<i>bhata</i>.See also bhaṭa,bhara,bharita,and Der.fr.bhār°.A curious Passive form is <i>anu-bhīramāna</i> (ppr.) M.III,123 (chatta:a parasol being spread out),on which see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 52,5; 175 n.3,191.(Page 499),7,1
  3353. 106102,en,15,bharika,bhārika,Bhārika,Bhārika,(adj.) [fr.bhāra] 1.loaded,heavy J.V,84,477; Miln.261.-- 2.full of,loaded down with (-°) VvA.314 (sineha° hadaya).-- 3.grievous,serious,sorrowful PvA.82 (hadaya).-- 4.important Miln.240,311.-- See <i>bhāriya</i>.(Page 502),7,1
  3354. 106113,en,15,bharin,bhārin,Bhārin,Bhārin,(adj.) [fr.<em>bhṛ</em>,cp.bhāra] carrying,wearing,only in cpd.<i>mālā°</i> (māla°),wearing a garland (of flowers) J.IV,60,82; V,45; where it interchanges with °dhārin (e.g.Vv.32<sup>3</sup>; v.l.at PvA.211; cp.BSk.<i>°dhārin</i> MVastu I.124).-- f.<i>°bhārinī</i> J.III,530; VvA.12; and <i>°bhārī</i> Th.1,459 (as v.l.; T.°dhārī).See also under <i>mālā</i>.(Page 502),6,1
  3355. 106129,en,15,bharita,bharita,Bharita,Bharita,(adj.) [lit.made to bear,i.e.heavy with etc.Cp.formations bhār°,fr.bharati] filled with (-°) J.I,2 (suvaṇṇa-rajata° gabbha); IV,489 (udaka°); V,275 (kimi°); SnA 494 (vāta°); ThA.283 (kuṇapa°).(Page 499),7,1
  3356. 106150,en,15,bhariya,bhariyā,Bhariyā,Bhariyā,(f.) [fr.<em>bhṛ</em>,Vedic bhāryā] a wife (lit.one who is supported) D.III,190; It.36; J.III,511; DhA.I,329.(Page 499),7,1
  3357. 106160,en,15,bhariya,bhāriya,Bhāriya,Bhāriya,(adj.) [fr.bhāra Vedic <i>bhārya</i> to be nourished or supported; <i>bhāryā</i> wife] 1.heavy,weighty,grave,serious; always fig.with ref.to a serious offence,either as bhāriyaṃ <i>pāpaṃ</i> a terrible sin PvA.195,or bh.<i>kammaṃ</i> a grave deed,a sin DhA.I,298,329; II,56; III,120; VvA.68; or <i>bhāriyaṃ</i> alone (as nt.),something grave,a sin DhA.I,64.Similarly with <i>ati°</i> as atibhāriyaṃ kammaṃ a very grave deed DhA.I,70,or atibhāriyaṃ id.DhA.I,186.-- 2.<i>bhāriyā</i> (=bhārikā,f.of bhāraka) carrying,fetching,bringing J.VI,563 (phala°).(Page 502),7,1
  3358. 106222,en,15,bharu,bharu,Bharu,Bharu,[a dial.(inscription) word,cp.Kern,Toev.s.v.] sea,in two names for a town and a kingdom viz.<i>Bharukaccha</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 155; J.II,188; IV,137,and <i>Bharu-raṭṭha</i> J.II,169 sq.,a kingdom which is said to have been swallowed up by the sea.-- Also in N.of the King of that country <i>Bharu-</i>rājā J.II,171 (v.l.Kuru°).-- Der.<i>Bhārukacchaka</i> an inhabitant of Bharukaccha DhsA.305 (so read at Expos.II.401).(Page 499),5,1
  3359. 106237,en,15,bharukacchaka,bhārukacchaka,Bhārukacchaka,Bhārukacchaka,see <i>bharu°</i>.(Page 502),13,1
  3360. 106267,en,15,bhasa,bhāsa,Bhāsa,Bhāsa,[cp.Epic Sk.bhāsa] <i>--sakuṇa</i> a bird of prey,a vulture [Abhp.645,1049]; as one of the lucky omens enum<sup>d</sup> (under the so-called maṅgala-kathā) at KhA 118 (with v.l.SS.cāta° &#38; vāca°,BB cāba°)=Nd<sup>1</sup> 87 (on Sn.790) (T.reads vāta°; v.l.SS vāpa°,BB chapa°).(Page 503),5,1
  3361. 106276,en,15,bhasa,bhāsā,Bhāsā,Bhāsā,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.bhāṣā] speech,language,esp.vernacular,dialect J.IV,279 (manussa° human speech),392 (caṇḍāla°); KhA 101 (saka-saka°-anurūpa); SnA 397 (Milakkha°); DA.I,176 (Kirātā-Yavanâdi-Millakkhānaṃ bhāsā); MA.I,1 (Sīhaḷa°); VbhA.388 (18 dialects,of which 5 are mentioned; besides the Māgadhabhāsā).(Page 503),5,1
  3362. 106287,en,15,bhasaka,bhāsaka,Bhāsaka,Bhāsaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>bhāṣ</em>] speaking DA.I,52 (<i>avaṇṇa°</i> uttering words of blame).(Page 503),7,1
  3363. 106300,en,15,bhasana,bhāsana,Bhāsana,Bhāsana,(nt.) [fr.<i>bhāṣ</i>] speaking,speech Dhtm 162; Sdhp.68.(Page 503),7,1
  3364. 106369,en,15,bhasati,bhasati,Bhasati,Bhasati,[cp.Epic Sk.bhaṣate] to bark (of dogs) J.IV,182 (aor.bhasi; so read for T.bhusi).-- pp.<i>bhasitaṃ</i> (as n.) bark ibid.(mahā-bhasitaṃ bhasi,read for bhusita).See also <i>bhusati</i>.(Page 500),7,1
  3365. 106378,en,15,bhasati,bhāsati,Bhāsati,Bhāsati,<sup>2</sup> [<em>bhās</em> Dhtm 467:dittiyaṃ] to shine,shine forth,fill with splendour Sn.719 (2<sup>nd</sup> sg.fut.bhāsihi=bhāsissasi pakāsessasi SnA 499).Usually with prep.prefix <i>pa°</i> (so read at Pv.I,10<sup>9</sup> for ca bh.).Cp.<i>o°</i>,<i> vi°</i>.(Page 503),7,1
  3366. 106379,en,15,bhasati,bhāsati,Bhāsati,Bhāsati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>bhāṣ</em><i>;</i> Dhtp 317:vacane; Dhtm 467; <i>vācāya</i>] to speak,to say,to speak to,to call M.I,227,Sn.158,562,722; Dh.1,246,258; also <i>bhāsate</i> Sn.452.--Pot.<i>bhāseyya</i> Vin.II,189; Sn.451,930; SnA 468 (for udīraye Dh.408); <i>bhāse</i> Dh.102; Sn.400; &#38; <i>bhāsaye</i> A.II,51= J.V,509 (with gloss katheyya for joteyya=bhāseyya).-- Aor.<i>abhāsi</i> Vin.IV,54; PvA.6,17,23,69; 1<sup>st</sup> sg.also <i>abhāsissaṃ</i> (Cond.) Pv.I,6<sup>8</sup> (=abhāsiṃ PvA.34); imper.pres.<i>bhāsa</i> Sn.346; ppr.bhāsamāne A.II,51= J.V,509; Sn.426; Dh.19; J.IV,281 (perhaps better with v.l.as hasamāna); V,63; &#38; <i>bhāsanto</i> Sn.543.-- grd.<i>bhāsitabba</i> A.IV,115; Vism.127.-- Med.ind.pres.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>bhāsase</i> Vv 34<sup>2</sup>; imper.pres.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>bhāsassu</i> M.II,199.-- An apparent ger.form <i>abhāsiya</i> It.59,60 (micchā vācaṃ abhāsiya) is problematic.It may be an old misspelling for ca bhāsiya,as a positive form is required by the sense.The vv.ll.however do not suggest anything else but abhāsiya; the editor of It suggests pa°.-- Cp.<i>anu</i>,<i> o°</i>,<i> samanu°</i>.(Page 503),7,1
  3367. 106442,en,15,bhasin,bhāsin,Bhāsin,Bhāsin,(adj.) (-°) [cp.Epic Sk.bhāṣin] speaking A.I,102 (dubbhāsita-bhāsin).(Page 504),6,1
  3368. 106457,en,15,bhasita,bhasita,Bhasita,Bhasita,1.see bhasati.-- 2.pp.of <em>bhas</em> “crumbled to ashes" see <i>bhasma</i>.(Page 500),7,1
  3369. 106463,en,15,bhasita,bhāsita,Bhāsita,Bhāsita,[pp.of bhāsati<sup>1</sup>] spoken,said,uttered A.V,194; Miln.28; DhA.IV,93.-- (nt.) speech,word Dh.363; M.I,432.Usually as <i>su° </i>&<i> dub°</i> (both adj. &#38; nt.) well &#38; badly spoken,or good &#38; bad speech Vin.I,172; M.II,250; A.I,102; II,51 (su°; read bhāsita for bāsita); VI,226; Sn.252,451,657; J.IV,247,281 (su°,well spoken or good words); Pv.II,6<sup>20</sup> (su°); PvA.83 (dub°).(Page 503),7,1
  3370. 106511,en,15,bhasitar,bhāsitar,Bhāsitar,Bhāsitar,[n.ag.fr.<em>bhāṣ</em>] one who speaks,utters; a speaker S.I,156; Pug.56; SnA 549.(Page 503),8,1
  3371. 106567,en,15,bhasma,bhasma,Bhasma,Bhasma,(n) (nt.) [cp.Vedic bhasman (adj.); Sk.bhasman (n.),originally ppr.of <em>bhas</em> to chew &#38; thus n-stem.It has passed into the a-decl.in Pali,except in the Loc.<i>bhasmani</i> (S.I,169).Etymologically &#38; semantically bhasman is either “chewing" or “anything chewed (small)," thus meaning particle,dust,sand,etc.; and <em>bhas</em> is another form of <em>psā</em> (cp.Sk.psā morsel of food,psāta hungry=P.chāta).Idg.*bhsā &#38; *bhsam,represented in Gr.yw/xw to grind,yάmmos &#38; yώxos sand; Lat.sabulum sand.The Dhtp 326 &#38; Dhtm 452 explain <em>bhas</em> by bhasmīkaraṇa “reduce to ashes," a pp.of it is bhasita; it also occurs in Sk.Loc.bhasi] ashes S.I,169=Nd<sup>2</sup> 576 (Loc.bhasmani); Vv 84<sup>44</sup>; J.III,426; Vism.469 (in comparison).<br><br> <i>--antāhuti</i> (bhasm’ant’āhuti) “whose sacrifice ends in ashes" D.I,55 (so read for bhassant°,according to DA.I,166, &#38; cp.Franke,Dīgha Nikāya p.60); M.I,515; S.III,207.<i>--âcchanna</i> covered by ashes Dh.71 (=chārikāya paṭichanna DhA.II,68); J.VI,236 (...<i>va pāvaka)</i>.<i> --puṭa</i> a sack for ashes DA.I,267 (as expl<sup>n</sup> for assa-puṭa of D.I.98; fanciful; see assa<sup>1</sup>).<i>--bhāva</i> “ashy" state,state of being crumbled to dust VvA.348.(Page 500),6,1
  3372. 106624,en,15,bhassa,bhassa,Bhassa,Bhassa,(nt.) [cp.Class.Sk.bhāṣya,of <em>bhāṣ</em>] speech,conversation,way of talking,disputation Sn.328 (v.l.for hassa); It.71; Miln.90; Vism.127 (grouped into fit talk,as the 10 kathā-vatthus,and unfit talk or gossip,as the 32 tiracchāna-kathā).<br><br> <i>--kāraka</i> one who makes talk,i.e.invites disputation,or one who gossips Vin.I,1; Nd<sup>1</sup> 142; f.<i>°kārikā</i> Vin.IV,230.<i>--pavādaka</i> one who proposes disputation,one who is fond of debate &#38; discussions M.I,161,227 (°ika); Miln.4.<i>--pavedin</i> one experienced in debating Miln.90.<i>--samācāra</i> (good) conduct in speech,proficiency in disputation D.III,106.<i>--samussaya</i> grandiloquence,proud talk Sn.245 (cp.SnA 288=att’ukkaṃsanatā ti vuttaṃ hoti).(Page 500),6,1
  3373. 106670,en,15,bhassara,bhassara,Bhassara,Bhassara,(adj.n.) [fr.<i>bhās</i>] 1.(adj.) shining,resplendent J.V,169 (C.pabhassara).-- 2.N.of a bird J.VI,538 (=sata-haṃsa C.).-- Cp.ā°,pa°.(Page 500),8,1
  3374. 106708,en,15,bhassati,bhassati,Bhassati,Bhassati,[<i>bhranś</i>,Sk.bhraśyate] to fall down,drop,to droop (Dhtp 455 &#38; Dhtm 695:adho-patane &#38; adhopāte) J.IV,223; VI,530.ppr.<i>bhassamāna</i> Miln.82; pret.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>bhassittha</i> J.II,274 (cp.pabhassittha Vin.II,135), &#38; <i>abhassittha</i> S.I,122 (so read for abhassatha).-- pp.<i>bhaṭṭha<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 500),8,1
  3375. 106734,en,15,bhasta,bhasta,Bhasta,Bhasta,[cp.Vedic basta] a he-goat J.III,278.(Page 500),6,1
  3376. 106742,en,15,bhasta,bhastā,Bhastā,Bhastā,(f.) &#38; bhasta (nt.) [cp.Class.Sk.bhastrā (also one MBh.passage),orig.n.ag.fr.<em>bhas</em> (to bark?),lit.bellower,blower] 1.a bellows Th.1,1134; J.VI,12 (vāta-puṇṇa-bhasta-camma,skin of bellows full of wind); SnA 171 (vāta-pūrita-bhastrā viya),494 (vātabharita°); DhA.I,442 (bhastaṃ dhamāpeti); Vism.287.-- 2.a sack Th.1,1151; 2,466 (T.reads gatta,but ThA.283 reads bhasta &#38; expl<sup>s</sup> as “camma-pasibbaka"); J.III,346 (sattu°=sattu pasibbaka flour sack); V,45; ThA.212 (udaka°).<i>biḷāra-bhastā</i> a bag of catskin M.I,128 (=biḷāra-camma-pasibbaka Bdhgh); Th.1,1138.(Page 500),6,1
  3377. 106756,en,15,bhasura,bhāsura,Bhāsura,Bhāsura,(adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.bhāsura fr.<em>bhas</em>] bright,shining,resplendent ThA.139,212; VvA.12.(Page 504),7,1
  3378. 106777,en,15,bhata,bhaṭa,Bhaṭa,Bhaṭa,[cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.bhaṭa,fr,dial.<em>bhaṭ</em> to hire; originally the same as bhṛtya fr.bhṛta &#38; bhṛti of <i>bhṛ</i> Dhtp 94,Dhtm 114.--bhaṭa=bhatyaṃ i.e.bhṛtyaṃ] servant,hireling,soldier Miln.240; VvA.305 (bhattavetana°).As to suggestion of bhaṭa occurring in phrase yathā-bhaṭaṃ (Kern.Toev.s.v.yathābhaṭaṃ) see discussion under <i>yathā bhataṃ</i>.<br><br> <i>--patha</i> service,employment,salary Vin.IV,265; SnA 542.(Page 496),5,1
  3379. 106789,en,15,bhata,bhata,Bhata,Bhata,(adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.bhṛta] 1.supported,fed,reared,maintained A.III,46 (bhatā bhaccā “maintained are my dependents"); J.V,330 (kicchā bh.),given by Kern,Toev.s.v.in meaning “full" with wrong ref.J.VI,14.Cp.<i>bharita</i>.(Page 497),5,1
  3380. 106810,en,15,bhataka,bhataka,Bhataka,Bhataka,[cp.Epic Sk.bhṛtaka] a hired servant,hireling,servant Th.1,606,685,1003; J.III,446; Miln.379; DhA I,119,233 (°vīthi servant street).See also Fick.Sociale Gliederung 158,195,196.(Page 497),7,1
  3381. 106843,en,15,bhatar,bhātar,Bhātar,Bhātar,[cp.Vedic bhrātar=Av.bratar,Gr.frάtwr,Lat.frater,Goth.brōpar=Ohg.bruoder,E.brother] brother,Nom.sg.bhātā Sn.296; J.I,307; PvA.54,64; Gen.sg.<i>bhātuno</i> ThA.71 (Ap.V,36), &#38; <i>bhātussa</i> Mhvs 8,9; Instr.<i>bhātarā</i> J.I,308; Acc.<i>bhātaraṃ</i> Sn.125; J.I,307; Loc.<i>bhātari</i> J.III,56.-- Nom.pl.<i>bhātaro</i> J.I,307, &#38; <i>bhātuno</i> Th.2,408; Acc.<i>bhāte</i> Dpvs VI,21.‹-› In cpds.both <i>bhāti°</i> (.bhātisadisa like a brother J.V,263),and <i>bhātu°</i> (:bhātu-jāyā brother’s wife,sisterin-law J.V,288; Vism.95).Cp.<i>bhātika </i>&<i> bhātuka</i>.On pop.etym.see bhaginī. <i>Bhāti </i>[<i>bhā</i> Dhtp 367,Dhtm 594:dittiyaṃ; Idg.<i>*bhē</i>,cp.Sk.bhāḥ nt.splendour,radiance,bhāsati to shine forth; Gr.fάos light,fai/nw to show etc.; Ags.bonian to polish=Ger.bohnen; also Sk.bhāla shine,splendour,=Ags.bael funeral pile] to shine (forth),to appear D.II,205; Vv 35<sup>2</sup>; J.II,313.-- pp.<i>bhāta</i>:see vi°.(Page 502),6,1
  3382. 106867,en,15,bhati,bhati,Bhati,Bhati,(f.) [cp.Vedic bhṛti,fr.<em>bhṛ</em>] wages,fee,pay J.I,475; III,325,446; DhA.I,21,70; Dhtp 94 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of root <em>bhaṭ</em>,see bhaṭa).(Page 497),5,1
  3383. 106891,en,15,bhatika,bhatikā,Bhatikā,Bhatikā,(f.) [fr.bhati] fee J.IV,184.(Page 497),7,1
  3384. 106899,en,15,bhatika,bhātika,Bhātika,Bhātika,( &#38; Bhātiya) [fr.bhātar,cp.Class.Sk.bhrātṛka] lit.brotherly,i.e.a brother,often°-:“brother" -- (a) <i>bhātika</i>:J.I,253 (jeṭṭhaka°); VI,32; DhA.I,14 (°thera my Thera-brother or br.-thera),101,245; PvA.75.‹-› (b) <i>bhātiya</i>:Vism.292 (dve °therā two Th.brothers).-- Cp.<i>bhātuka</i>.(Page 502),7,1
  3385. 106971,en,15,bhatta,bhatta,Bhatta,Bhatta,(nt.) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.bhakta,orig.pp.of bhajati] feeding,food,nourishment,meal Dh.185; Pug.28,55; J.II,15; V,170 (bhatta-manuñña-rūpaṃ for bhattaṃ-); Vism.66 (where 14 kinds enum<sup>d</sup>,i.e.saṅgha°,uddesa° etc.); Sdhp.118.--ucchiṭṭha° food thrown away PvA.173; uddesa° special food Vin.I,58=96,cp.II.175; devasika° daily food (as fee or wages) DA.I,296 (=bhatta-vetana); dhura° a meal to which a bhikkhu is invited as leader of others,i.e.a responsible meal J.I,449; III,97 (v.l.dhuva°); dhuva° constant supply of food Vin.I,25,243.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> [cp.BSk.bhaktāgra Divy 335; MVastu II.478] a refectory Vin.I,44; M.I,28; J.V,334.<i>--ammaṇa</i> food trough J.VI,381.<i>--âbhihāra</i> gift of food S.I,82.<i>--uddesaka</i> (thera) (an elder) who supervises the distribution of food,a superintendent of meals Vism.388,DhA.I,244.<i>--kāraka</i> one who prepares the meal or food,a cook,butler J.I,150 sq.; V,296; VI,349; DA.I,157.<i>--kicca</i> “meal-performance," meal (cp.BSk.bhaktakṛtya Divy 185) J.I,87; Miln.9; Vism.278 (kata° after the meal,cp.kata II.1.a); PvA.76.<i>--kilamatha</i> fatigue after eating SnA 58 (cp.°sammada).<i>--gāma</i> a village giving tribute or service DhA.I,398.<i>--dāna</i> gift of a meal PvA.54.<i>--puṭa</i> a bag with food J.II,82,203; III,200; DA.I,270.Cp.puṭabhatta.<i>--puṭaka</i> same KhA 44; VbhA.234; Vism.251.<i>--bhoga</i> enjoyment of food S.I,92.<i>--randhaka</i> a cook J.IV,431.<i>--vissagga</i> serving a meal,meal-function,participation at a meal Vin.IV,263; Pv III,2<sup>9</sup> (so read for vissatta; expl<sup>d</sup> at PvA.184 by bhattakicca &#38; bhuñjana); Miln.9; SnA 19,140.<i>--vetana</i> service for food,food as wages (cp.bhaktā-dāsa a slave working for food Manu VIII,415,see Fick.Sociale Gliederung p.197),in general “hire,wages," also “professional fee" D.III,191; Vin.III,222 (rañño bh-v.-āhāro “in the King’s pay"); J.IV,132 sq.,Miln.379; DhA.I,25 (to a physician); VvA.305.<i>--velā</i> meal-time SnA 111.<i>--sammada</i> drowsiness after a meal S.I,7; J.VI,57; Vbh.352; Vism.278,295.<i>--sālā</i> hall for meals,refectory Vism.72.(Page 497),6,1
  3386. 107267,en,15,bhattar,bhattar,Bhattar,Bhattar,[Vedic bhartṛ to <em>bhṛ</em>] a husband; Nom.sg.<i>bhattā</i> Th.2,413; J.V,104,260 (here in meaning “supporter"); VI,492; Gen.<i>bhattu</i> J.V,169,170; Acc.<i>bhattāraṃ</i> Th.2,412.(Page 497),7,1
  3387. 107330,en,15,bhattavant,bhattavant,Bhattavant,Bhattavant,(adj.) [fr.*bhakta,pp.of bhajati] possessing reverence or worship(pers),worshipful,adored; in a (late) verse analysing fancifully the word “Bhagavant," at DA.I,34=Vism.210 sq.Expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.212 by “bhaji-sevi-bahulaṃ karoti." (Page 497),10,1
  3388. 107391,en,15,bhattha,bhaṭṭha,Bhaṭṭha,Bhaṭṭha,<sup>3</sup> (?) [perhaps for bhatta?] wages,tip,donation J.IV,261 (by C.expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>kathita</i>,thus same as bhattha<sup>2</sup>).v.l.bhatta.Cp.Sk.bhāṭa &#38; BSk.bhāṭaka MVastu III,37.(Page 496),7,1
  3389. 107392,en,15,bhattha,bhaṭṭha,Bhaṭṭha,Bhaṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of <em>bhaṇ</em>,for bhaṇita] spoken,said Vv 63<sup>19</sup> (su°=subhāsita VvA.265).See also paccā° &#38; pari°; cp.also next.(Page 496),7,1
  3390. 107393,en,15,bhattha,bhaṭṭha,Bhaṭṭha,Bhaṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of <em>bhraṃś</em>,see bhassati] dropped,fallen down J.I,482; IV,222,382; V,444.Cp.pari°.(Page 496),7,1
  3391. 107418,en,15,bhatti,bhatti,Bhatti,Bhatti,(f.) [cp.Vedic &#38; Class.Sk.bhakti,fr.<em>bhaj</em><i>:</i> see bhajati] 1.devotion,attachment,fondness Pug.20= Dhs.1326 (cp.Dhs.trsl.345); Pug.65; J.V,340 (=sineha C.); VI,349; VvA.353,354.-- 2.in <i>bhatti-kata</i> Th.2,413 it means “service," thus “doing service" (or “rendered a servant"?).-- 3.of uncertain meaning in <i>bhatti-kamma</i>,probably “making lines,decoration,ornamentation" Vin.II,113 (°kamma-kata decorated),I.51.The reading is uncertain,may be bhati° (? Kern,Toev.s.v.trsl<sup>s</sup> “patchwork"?).Cp.vi°.(Page 497),6,1
  3392. 107428,en,15,bhattika,bhattika,Bhattika,Bhattika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.bhatta] in <i>dhuva°</i> being in constant supply of food,being a regular attendant (servant) or adviser Vin.II,15.Also at ThA.267 in meaning “being a servant,working for food" in expl<sup>n</sup> of bhattikatā (=kata-sāmi-bhattikā),said of a toiling housewife.(Page 497),8,1
  3393. 107439,en,15,bhattimant,bhattimant,Bhattimant,Bhattimant,(adj.) [from bhatti] 1.devoted? 2.discerning,analytical,perspicacious? Th.1,370; Com.has:yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattiyā tattha bhattimā nāma.(Page 497),10,1
  3394. 107508,en,15,bhatuka,bhātuka,Bhātuka,Bhātuka,[=bhātika,fr.Sk.bhrātṛka] brother,usually --°,viz.<i>pati°</i> brother-in-law,husband’s brother J.VI,152; <i>putta°</i> son &#38; brother DhA.I,314; <i>sa°</i> with the brother ThA.71 (Ap.V,36).(Page 502),7,1
  3395. 107544,en,15,bhava,bhava,Bhava,Bhava,[cp.Sk.bhava,as philosophical term late,but as N.of a deity Vedic; of <i>bhū</i>,see bhavati] “becoming," (form of) rebirth,(state of) existence,a “life." There are 3 states of existence conventionally enum<sup>d</sup> as <i>kāma°</i>,<i> rūpa°</i>,<i> arūpa°</i> or sensual existence,deva-corporeal, &#38; formless existence (cp.rūpa) D.II,57; III,216; S.II,3; IV,258; A.II,223; III,444; Nd<sup>1</sup> 48; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.dhātu B.; Vism.210=DA.I,34; Vism.529; VbhA.204.-- Another view is represented by the division of bhava into <i>kamma°</i> and <i>upapatti°</i> (uppatti°),or the active functioning of a life in relation to the fruitional,or resultant way of the next life (cp.Cpd.43) Vbh.137; Vism.571; VbhA.183; also in def.of bhava at Nd<sup>2</sup> 471 (kamma° and paṭisandhika punabbhava).-- In the “causal chain" (Paṭicca-samuppāda,q.v.) bhava is represented as condition of birth (jāti),or resultant force for new birth.-- See Sn.361,514,742,839,923,1055,1133; Dh.348; Nd<sup>1</sup> 274; Vbh.294,358; Vism.556 sq.; DhA.IV,221; Sdhp.33,333,335.-- On <i>itibhav’‹-› âbhava</i> see iti,and add ref.Vbh.375.-- A remarkable use of <i>bhava</i> as nt.(obstr.) to <i>bhū</i> (in cpd.) is to be noted in the def.given by Bdhgh.of divya=divi bhavaṃ (for divi-bhū) KhA 227; SnA 199; and mānasaṃ=manasi bhavaṃ (for manasi-bhū) KhA 248,cp.Pāṇini IV.3,53.Similarly āroga bhava health DhA.I,328 for °bhava.-- Cp.anu°,vi°,sam°.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> the best (state of) existence,the highest point of existence (among the gods) J.III,84; Vbh.426; Miln.132; KhA 179,249; SnA 17,41,507; often as highest “heaven" as opposed to Avīci,the lowest hell; thus at J.IV,182; VI,354; Miln.336.<i>--aṅga</i> constituent of becoming,function of being,functional state of subconsciousness,i.e.subliminal consciousness or subconscious life-continuum,the vital continuum in the absence of any process [of mind,or attention] (thus Mrs.Rh.D.in Expos.185 n.),subconscious individual life.See on term Cpd.26 sq.,265--267; &#38; cp.Dhs.trsl.134.-- J.VI,82; Miln.299 sq.; Vism.164,676; DhsA.72,140,269; DhA.I,23; VbhA.81,156 sq.,406.<i>--antaga</i> “gone to the ends of existence," past existence,Ep.of the Bhagavan Buddha Vism.210.<i>--antara</i> an existence interval,i.e.transition fr.one life to another,a previous or subsequent life Vism.553 sq.<i>--âbhava</i> this or that life,any form of existence some sort of existence Sn.1060,1068; Nd<sup>1</sup> 48,109,284; Nd<sup>2</sup> 472,664 A; Th.1,784 (ThA.mahantāmahanta bh.) ThA.71 (Ap.v.30); VbhA.501.<i>--āsava</i> the intoxicant of existence D.III,216; Vbh.364,373.<i>--uppatti</i> coming into (a new) ex.-- Four such bh.-uppattis lead to rebirth among the foll.gods:the paritt’--ābhā devā,the appamāṇ’ābhā d.,the saṅkiliṭṭh’--ābhā d.,the parisuddh’--ābhā d.M.III,147.<i>--esanā</i> longing for rebirth D.III,216,270.<i>--ogha</i> the flood of rebirth (see ogha) Nd<sup>1</sup> 57,159; Vism.480.<i>--cakka</i> the wheel or round of rebirth,equivalent to the Paṭicca-samuppāda Vism.529,576 sq.; in the same context at VbhA.138,194 sq.<i>--carimakā</i> the last rebirth Vism.291.<i>--taṇhā</i> craving for rebirth D.III,212,216,274; S.V,432; Sn.746; Vbh.101,358,365; Th.2,458; ThA.282; VbhA.III,133.<i>--netti</i> [cp.BSk.bhava-netrī M.Vastu II.307; °netrika III,337] leader to renewed ex.,guide to ex.Vin.I,231; It.38; Dhs.1059≈ (cp.DhsA.364=bhava-rajju).<i>--saṃyojana</i> the fetter of rebirth:see arahant II.C.<i>--salla</i> the sting or dart of rebirth Dh.351 (=sabbāni bhavagāmīni sallāni DhA.IV,70).<i>--sāta</i> (pl.sātāni) the pleasures of ex.,variously enum<sup>d</sup> in sets of from one to six at Nd<sup>1</sup> 30.<i>--ssita</i> at J.V,371 read with v.l.as ghaṭa-ssita.(Page 499),5,1
  3396. 107558,en,15,bhava,bhāva,Bhāva,Bhāva,[fr.<em>bhū</em>,cp.Vedic bhāva] 1.being,becoming,condition,nature; very rarely by itself (only in later &#38; C.literature,as e.g.J.I,295 thīnaṃ bhāvo,perhaps best to be translated as “women’s character," taking bhāva=attabhāva); usually --°,denoting state or condition of,and representing an abstr.der.from the first part of the cpd.e.g.gadrabha° “asininity" J.II,109.Thus in connection with (a) adjectives:<i>atthika°</i> state of need PvA.120; <i>ūna°</i> depletion SnA 463; <i>ekī°</i> loneliness Vism.34; <i>sithill°</i> (for sithila° in conn.with <em>kṛ </em>&<em> bhū</em>) relaxation Vism.502.-- (b) adverbs.<i>upari°</i> high condition M.I,45; <i>pātu°</i> appearance Sn.560; <i>vinā°</i> difference Sn.588.(c) nouns &#38; noun-derivations:<i>atta°</i> individual state,life,character Sn.388 (=citta SnA 374); <i>asaraṇa°</i> state of not remembering DhA.III,121; <i>samaṇa°</i> condition of a recluse Sn.551.-- (d) forms of verbs:<i>nibbatta°</i> fact of being reborn DhA.III,121; <i>magg’ārūḷha°</i> the condition of having started on one’s way VvA.64; <i>baddha°</i> that he was bound; <i>suhita°</i> that they were well J.IV,279.The translation can give either a full sentence with “that it was" etc.(VvA.64:“that he had started on his way"),or a phrase like “the fact or state of," or use as an English abstract noun ending in --ness (atthika-bhāva needfulness,eki° loneliness),--ion (ūna° depletion,pātu° manifestation).--hood (atta° selfhood),or --ship (samaṇa° recluseship).‹-› Similarly in Com.style:sampayutta-<i>bhāvo</i> (m.) DhA.III,94,for *sampayuttattaṃ (abstr.); bhākuṭikassa bhāvo=bhakuṭiyaṃ Vism.26; sovacassassa bhāvo= sovacassatā KhA 148; mittassa bh.=mettaṃ KhA 248.Here sometimes <i>bhava</i> for <i>bhāva</i>.-- 2.(in pregnant,specifically Buddhistic sense) cultivation or production by thought,mental condition,esp.a set mental condition (see der.bhāvanā).Sometimes (restricted to Vin &#38; J) in sense “thinking of someone," i.e.affection,love,sentiment.-- (a) in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>khanti</i>,<i> diṭṭhi</i>,<i> ruci</i>,<i> bhāva</i> at Vin.II,205; III,93; IV,3,4.-- (b) in Jātaka passages:J.V,237; VI,293 (bhāvaṃ karoti,with Loc.,to love).--<i>abhāva</i> (late,only in C.style) not being,absence,want PvA.25; Abl.<i>abhāvato</i> through not being,in want of PvA.9,17.--<i>sabhāva</i> (sva+bhāva) see sep.(Page 502),5,1
  3397. 107906,en,15,bhavana,bhavana,Bhavana,Bhavana,(nt.) [fr.<em>bhū</em>] dwelling,sphere,world,realm S.I,206,Sn.810 (see expl<sup>n</sup> Nd<sup>1</sup> 132:nerayikānaṃ nirayo bh.etc. &#38; SnA 534:niray’ādi-bhede bhavane); Nd<sup>1</sup> 448 (Inda° the realm of Indra); J.III,275 (nāga° the world of the Nāgas).(Page 500),7,1
  3398. 107919,en,15,bhavana,bhāvanā,Bhāvanā,Bhāvanā,(f.) [fr.bhāveti,or fr.bhāva in meaning of bhāva 2,cp.Class.Sk.bhāvanā] producing,dwelling on something,putting one’s thoughts to,application,developing by means of thought or meditation,cultivation by mind,culture.-- See on term Dhs.trsl 261 (=<sup>2</sup> 240); Expos.I.217 (=DhsA.163); Cpd.207 n.2.‹-› Cp.pari°,vi°,sam°.-- Vin.I,294 (indriya°); D.III,219 (three:kāya°,citta°,paññā°),221,225,285,291; S.I,48; Dh.73,301; J.I,196 (mettā°); III,45 (id.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 143 (saññā°); Nett 91 (samatha-vipassanaṃ); Vbh.12,16 sq.,199,325; Vism.130 (karaṇa,bhāvanā,rakkhaṇa; here bh.=bringing out,keeping in existence),314 (karuṇā°),317 (upekkhā°); Miln.25 (°ṃ anuyuñjati); Sdhp.15,216,233,451.<br><br> <i>--ânuyoga</i> application to meditation Vbh.244,249.<i>--ārāma</i> joy of or pleasure in self culture A.II,28.<i>--bala</i> power to increase the effect of meditation,power of self-culture A.I,52; D.III,213.<i>--maya</i> accomplished by culture practice; brought into existence by practice (of cultured thought),cp.Cpd.207.D.III,218,219; Nett 8; with dānamaya &#38; sīlamaya at It.19,51; Vbh.135,325.<i>--vidhāna</i> arrangement of process of culture DhsA.168=Vism.122.(Page 503),7,1
  3399. 108607,en,15,bhavaniya,bhāvanīya,Bhāvanīya,Bhāvanīya,(adj.) [grd.fr.bhāveti,but taken by Bdhgh as grd.formation fr.bhāvanā] “being as ought to be," to be cultivated,to be respected,in a self-composed state (cp.bhāvitatta) M.I,33 (garu+; expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh as “addhā ‘yam āyasmā jānaṃ jānāti passaṃ passatī ti evaṃ sambhāvanīyo" MA 156); S.V,164; A.III,110; Miln.373; PvA.9.See also under <i>manobhāvanīya</i>.(Page 503),9,1
  3400. 108627,en,15,bhavant,bhavant,Bhavant,Bhavant,[cp.Sk.( &#38; Vedic) bhavant,used as pron.of the 2<sup>nd</sup>; but constructed with 3<sup>rd</sup> person of the verb.Probably a contraction fr.bhagavant,see Whitney,Altind.Gr.456] pron.of polite address “Sir,Lord," or “venerable,honourable," or simply “you." Cases as follows (after Geiger,P.Gr.§ 98<sup>3</sup>):sg.Nom.<i>bhavaṃ</i> Sn.486; D.I,249; M.I,484.nt.<i>bhavaṃ</i> M.III,172.Acc.<i>bhavantaṃ</i> Sn.597; D.II,231; Instr.<i>bhotā</i> D.I,93,110; S.IV,120.Gen.<i>bhoto</i> Sn.565; M.I,486; Voc.<i>bhavaṃ</i> D.I,93 &#38; <i>bho</i> D.I,93; M.I,484; J.II,26.See <i>bho</i> also sep.-- pl.Nom.<i>bhavanto</i> Sn.p.107 (only as v.l.; T.<i>bhagavanto)</i>,<i> </i>&<i> bhonto</i> ibid.; M.II,2; Miln.25; Acc.<i>bhavante</i> M.II,3; Instr.<i>bhavantehi</i> M.III,13; Gen.<i>bhavataṃ</i> M.II,3; Voc.<i>bhonto</i> Th.1,832; M.II,2; -- f.<i>bhotī</i>:sg.Nom.<i>bhotī</i> Sn.988; J.III,95; Acc.<i>bhotiṃ</i> J.VI,523; Loc.<i>bhotiyā</i> ibid.Voc.<i>bhoti</i> ibid.; D.II,249.-- On form <i>bhante</i> see this.(Page 500),7,1
  3401. 109099,en,15,bhavati,bhavati,Bhavati,Bhavati,[<i>bhū</i> to become,cp.Sk.bhūmi earth; Gr.fuζis nature (physical),fu/omai to grow; Lat.fui I have been,futurus=future; Oir.buith to be; Ags.būan=Goth.bauan to live,Ger.bauen,also Ags.bȳldan=to build; Lith.búti to be,būtas house Dhtp 1:bhū sattāyaṃ] to become,to be,exist,behave etc.(cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 474= sambhavati jāyati nibbattati pātu-bhavati).-- I.Forms.There are two bases used side by side,viz.<i>bhav°</i> and (contracted) <i>ho°</i>,the latter especially in the (later) Gāthā style and poetry in general,also as archaic in prose,whereas bhav° forms are older.On compounds with prepositions,as regards inflection,see Geiger,P.Gr.§§ 131<sup>2</sup>,151<sup>3</sup>; and cp.anubhavati,abhibhavati,abhisaṃ°,pa° (also pahoti,pahūta),pari°,vi°,saṃ°.-- 1.Pres.ind.<i>bhavāmi</i> Sn.511 &#38; <i>homi</i> J.III,260; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>bhavasi </i>&<i> hosī</i> M.III,140; Vv 84<sup>20</sup>; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>bhavati</i> freq.; Sn.36 (where Nd<sup>2</sup> 474 with v.l.BB of Sn.reads bhavanti; Divy p.294 also reads bhavanti snehāḥ as conjecture of Cowell’s for MSS.bhavati); Dh.249,375; &#38; <i>hoti</i> freq.; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>homa</i> Pv.I,11<sup>8</sup>; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>hotha</i> J.I,307; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>bhavanti </i>&<i> honti</i> freq.-- imper.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>bhava</i> Sn.337,340,701; Dh.236; Th.2,8; <i>bhavāhi</i> Sn.510; <i>hohi</i> Sn.31; M.III,134; J.I,32; PvA.89.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.hotu Sn.224; J.III,150; PvA.13; Miln.18.pl.1<sup>st</sup> med.<i>bhavāmase</i> Th.1,1128; Sn.32; 2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>bhavatha</i> J.II,218,<i>bhavātha</i> Sn.692; Dh.144; <i>hotha</i> Dh.243; Dh.II,141; J.II,302; DhA.I,57; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>bhavantu</i> Sn.145; <i>hontu</i> J.II,4.Pot.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>bhaveyyaṃ</i> J.VI,364; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>bhaveyyāsi</i> Ud.91; PvA.11; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>bhave</i> Sn.716,<i>bhaveyya</i> J.II,159; DhA.I,329, &#38; <i>hupeyya</i> Vin.I,8 (for huveyya:see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 39<sup>6</sup> &#38; 131<sup>2</sup>); pl.1<sup>st</sup> <i>bhaveyyāma;</i> 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>bhavetha</i> Sn.1073,3<sup>rd</sup> <i>bhaveyyuṃ</i> Sn.906.-- ppr.<i>bhavaṃ</i> Sn.92, &#38; <i>bhavanto</i> Sn.968; f.<i>hontī</i> PvA.79.-- fut.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>bhavissāmi</i> PvA.49,<i>hessāmi</i> Th.2,460 (ThA.283 reads bhavissāmi), &#38; <i>hessaṃ</i> Th.1,1100; J.III,224; Pv.I,10<sup>5</sup>; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>bhavissasi</i> PvA.16,<i>hohisi</i> Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup>; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>bhavissati</i> Dh.228,264; DhA.II,82,<i>hessati</i> J.III,279 &#38; med.<i>hessate</i> Mhvs 25,97,<i>hehitī</i> Bu II.10=A.I,4; Vv 63<sup>32</sup>; &#38; <i>hossati</i> (in pahossati fr.pahoti DhA.III,254); 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>bhavissāma</i> Dh.200; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>hessatha</i> S.IV,179; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>bhavissanti</i> freq.-- Cond.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>abhavissaṃ</i> J.I,470; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>abhavissa</i> J.II,11; III,30; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>abhavissa</i> It.37; Vin.I,13; D.II,57; M.III,163; J.I,267; II,112 (na bhavissa=nābhavissa?); 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>abhavissaṃsu</i> Vin.I,13.1<sup>st</sup> aor.(orig.pret.of *huvati,cp.hupeyya Pot.; see Geiger P.Gr.131<sup>2</sup>,162<sup>2</sup>):1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>ahuvā</i> S.I,36,with by-form (see aor.) <i>ahuvāsiṃ</i> Vv 82<sup>6</sup>; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>ahuvā</i> ibid.,3<sup>rd</sup> <i>ahuvā</i> Vv 81<sup>24</sup>; J.II,106; III,131; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>ahuvāma</i> M.I,93; II,214, &#38; <i>ahuvamha</i> ibid.; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>ahuvattha</i> S.IV,112; M.I,445; DhA.I,57.‹-› 2<sup>nd</sup> aor.(simple aor.,with pret.endings):1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>ahuṃ</i> Pv.II,3<sup>2</sup> (v.l.BB ahu) (=ahosiṃ PvA.83); 2<sup>nd</sup> ahu (sk.abhūḥ) Pv.II,3<sup>5</sup>; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>ahū</i> (Sk.abhūt) Sn.139,312,504 and passim; Pv.I,2<sup>3</sup>, &#38; <i>ahu</i> Pv.I,9<sup>3</sup>; I,11<sup>3</sup>; &#38; <i>bhavi</i> DhA.I,329 (pātubhavi); 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>ahumhā</i> (Sk.abhūma) Pv.I,11<sup>6</sup>, &#38; <i>ahumha</i> J.I,362; DhA.I,57.-- 3<sup>rd</sup> aor.(s aor.) 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>ahosiṃ</i> Th.1,620; J.I,106; VvA.321:PvA.10 (=āsiṃ); 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>ahosi</i> J.I,107; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>ahosi</i> Sn.835; Vin.I,23; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>ahesumha</i> M.I,265; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>ahesuṃ</i> D.II,5; Vv 74<sup>4</sup>; J.I,149; DhA.I,327; &#38; <i>bhaviṃsu</i> (Sk.abhāviṣuḥ) DhA.IV,15.-- Of medial forms we mention the 1<sup>st</sup> pl.pres.<i>bhavāmahe</i> Mhvs.I,65,and the 3<sup>rd</sup> sg,pret.<i>ahuvattha</i> VvA.103.-- Inf.<i>bhavituṃ</i> Sn.552, &#38; <i>hetuye</i> Bu II.10.-- ger.<i>bhavitvā</i> Sn.56,<i>hutvā</i> Sn.43, &#38; <i>hutvāna</i> Sn.281.-- grd.<i>bhavitabba</i> J.I,440; VI,368; <i>hotabba</i> Vin.I,46; <i>bhabba</i> (Sk.bhavya); see sep.; <i>bhuyya</i> see cpd.<i>abhibhuyya</i>.-- Caus.<i>bhāveti</i> see sep.-- pp.<i>bhūta</i>.Note.In comp<sup>n</sup> with nouns or adjectives the final vowel of these is changed into ī,as in comb<sup>n</sup> of the same with the root <em>kṛ</em>,e.g.bhasmībhavati to be reduced to ashes,cp.bhasmī-karaṇa s.v.bhasma,etc.-- II.Meanings.In general the meaning “to become,to get" prevails,but many shades of it are possible according to context &#38; combinations.It is impossible &#38; unnecessary to enumerate all shades of meaning,only a few idiomatic uses may be pointed out.-- 1.to happen,to occur,to befall J.VI,368.-- 2.The fut.<i>bhavissati</i> “is certainly," “must be" DhA.III,171 (sātthikā desanā bh.); Miln.40 (mātā ti pi na bh.).‹-› 3.Imper.<i>hotu</i> as adv.“very well" Miln.18 (hotu bhante very well,sir).-- 4.aor.in meaning and as substitute of āsiṃ,pret.of <em>as</em> to be; etad ahosi this occurred to him DhA.I,399 (assā etad ahosi “this thought struck her").(Page 499),7,1
  3402. 109108,en,15,bhavatta,bhavatta,Bhavatta,Bhavatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.<em>bhū</em>] the fact of being,state,condition KhA 227.(Page 500),8,1
  3403. 109326,en,15,bhaveti,bhāveti,Bhāveti,Bhāveti,[Caus.of <em>bhū</em>,bhavati] to beget,produce,increase,cultivate,develop (by means of thought &#38; meditation),The Buddhist equivalent for mind-work as creative in idea,M.I,293; cp.B.Psy p.132.-- D.II,79; M.II,11 (cattāro sammappadhāne &#38; iddhipāde); S.I,188 (cittaṃ ekaggaṃ),Th.1,83,166 (ppr.bhāvayanto); Sn.341 (cittaṃ ekaggaṃ),507 (ppr.bhāvayaṃ),558 (grd.bhāvetabba),1130 (ppr.bhāvento=āsevanto bahulī-karonto Nd<sup>2</sup> 476); Dh.87,350,370; J.I,264 (mettaṃ),415,II.22; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.kāmaguṇā (p.121) (where grd.in sequence “sevitabba,bhajitabba,bhāvetabba,bahulī-kātabba"); Pug.15,DhA.III,171; Sdhp.48,495.-- Pass.ppr.<i>bhāviyamāna</i> A.II,140; KhA 148.-- pp.<i>bhāvita</i>.(Page 503),7,1
  3404. 109346,en,15,bhaveyya,bhaveyya,Bhaveyya,Bhaveyya,[cp.Class.Sk.bhavya] a sort of tree,perhaps Averrhoa carambola J.VI,529.(Page 500),8,1
  3405. 109396,en,15,bhavin,bhāvin,Bhāvin,Bhāvin,(adj.) [fr.bhāva,Epic Sk.bhāvin “imminent"] “having a being," going to be,as --° in <i>avassa°</i> sure to come to pass,inevitable J.I,19.-- f.<i>bhāvinī</i> future VvA.314 (or is it bhāvanīya? cp.v.l.S bhāvaniyā).(Page 503),6,1
  3406. 109455,en,15,bhavita,bhāvita,Bhāvita,Bhāvita,[pp.of bhāveti] developed,made to become by means of thought,cultured,well-balanced A.V,299 (cittaṃ parittaṃ abhāvitaṃ; opp.cittaṃ appamāṇaṃ subhāvitaṃ); Sn.516,558.(Page 503),7,1
  3407. 109519,en,15,bhavitatta,bhāvitatta,Bhāvitatta,Bhāvitatta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [abstr.fr.bhāvita=*bhāvitattvaṃ] only neg.a° the fact of not developing or cultivating S.III,153,475; Pv.II,9<sup>66</sup>.(Page 503),10,1
  3408. 109520,en,15,bhavitatta,bhāvitatta,Bhāvitatta,Bhāvitatta,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [bhāvita+attan] one whose attan (ātman) is bhāvita,i.e.well trained or composed.Attan here=citta (as PvA.139),thus “self-composed,well-balanced" A.IV,26; Sn.277,322,1049; Dh.106,107; Nd<sup>2</sup> 142; Nd<sup>2</sup> 475 B (indriyāni bh.); J.II,112 (°bhāvanāya when the training of thought is perfect); Vism.185 (°bhāvana,adj.one of well-trained character),267,400 (+bahulī-kata); DhA.I,122 (a°); ThA.164 (indriya°).See foll.(Page 503),10,1
  3409. 109616,en,15,bhaya,bhaya,Bhaya,Bhaya,(nt.) [fr.<em>bhī</em>,cp.Vedic bhaya,P.bhāyati] fear,fright,dread A.II,15 (jāti-maraṇa°); D.III,148,182; Dh.39,123,212 sq.,283; Nd<sup>1</sup> 371,409; Pug.56; Vism.512; KhA 108; SnA 155; DhA.III,23.There are some lengthy enum<sup>ns</sup> of objects causing fear (sometimes under term mahabbhaya,mahā-bhaya),e.g.one of 17 at Miln.196,one of 16 (four times four) at A.II,121 sq.,the same in essence,but in different order at Nd<sup>2</sup> 470,and at VbhA.502; one of 16 (with remark “ādi," and so on) at Vism.645.Shorter comb<sup>ns</sup> are to be found at Sn.964 (5,viz.ḍaṃsā,adhipātā,siriṃsapā,manussaphassā,catuppādā); Vbh.379 (5,viz.ājīvika°,asiloka°,parisa-sārajja°,maraṇa°,duggati°,expl<sup>d</sup> at VbhA.505 sq.),376 (4:jāti°,jarā°,vyādhi°,maraṇa°) 367 (3:jāti°,jarā°,maraṇ°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 402 (2:diṭṭha-dhammikaṃ &#38; samparāyikaṃ bh.).--abhaya absence of fear,safety Vin.I,75 (abhay-ûvara for abhaya-vara?); Dh.317; J.I,150; DhA.III,491.<br><br> --ñāṇa insight into what is to be feared:see Cpd.66.--dassāvin seeing or realising an object of fear,i.e.danger Vbh.244,247 and passim.--dassin id.Dh.31,317.--bherava fear &#38; dismay M.I,17 (=citt’uttrasassa ca bhayānak’ārammaṇassa adhivacanaṃ MA 113),N.of Suttanta No.4 in Majjhima (pp.16 sq.),quoted at Vism.202; SnA 206.(Page 498),5,1
  3410. 109776,en,15,bhayanaka,bhayānaka,Bhayānaka,Bhayānaka,(adj.) [fr.bhaya,cp.Epic Sk.bhayānaka] frightful,horrible J.III,428; MA 113; PvA.24 (as °ika); Sdhp.7,208.-- nt.°ṃ something awful Nd<sup>2</sup> 470 (in def.of bhaya). <i>Bhara-bhara</i>,a word imitating a confused sound M.I,128; otherwise contracted to <i>babbhara</i> (q.v.).(Page 499),9,1
  3411. 109958,en,15,bhayati,bhāyati,Bhāyati,Bhāyati,[cp.Sk.bhayate,<em>bhī</em>,pres.redupl.bibheti; Idg.<i>*bhei</i>,cp.Av.bayente they frighten; Lith.bijotis to be afraid; Ohg.bibēn=Ger.beben.Nearest synonym is <i>tras</i>] to be afraid.Pres,Ind.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>bhāyāmi</i> Th.1,21; Sn.p.48; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>bhāyasi</i> Th.2,248; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>bhāyāma</i> J.II,21; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>bhāyanto</i> Dh.129; Imper.2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>bhāyatha</i> Ud.51; J.III,4; Pot.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>bhāye</i> Sn.964 &#38; <i>bhāyeyya</i> Miln.208; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>bhāyeyyuṃ</i> Miln.208.‹-› Aor.1<sup>st</sup> sg.bhāyiṃ DhA.III,187; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>bhāyi</i> Th.1,764; DhA.III,187; &#38; usually in Prohib.<i>mā bhāyi</i> do not be afraid S v.369; J.I,222; DhA.I,253.-- grd.<i>bhāyitabba</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.kāmaguṇā B; DhA.III,23.‹-› Caus.I.<i>bhāyayate</i> to frighten J.III,99 (C.:utraseti); Caus.II.<i>bhāyāpeti</i> J.III,99,210.-- pp.<i>bhīta</i>.(Page 502),7,1
  3412. 110061,en,15,bhayitabbaka,bhāyitabbaka,Bhāyitabbaka,Bhāyitabbaka,(adj.) [grd.of bhāyati+ka] to be feared,dreadful,fearful,Sdhp.95.(Page 502),12,1
  3413. 110106,en,15,bhecchati,bhecchati,Bhecchati,Bhecchati,is fut.of <i>bhindati</i> (q.v.).(Page 508),9,1
  3414. 110115,en,15,bheda,bheda,Bheda,Bheda,[fr.<em>bhid</em>,cp.Ved. &#38; Class.Sk.bheda in same meanings] 1.breaking,rending,breach,disunion,dissension Vism.64 sq.(contrasted with ānisaṃsa),572 sq.(with ref.to upādāna &#38; bhava); VbhA.185 (id.); Sdhp.66,457,463.--<i>mithu°</i> breaking of alliance D.II,76; J.IV,184; Kvu 314.--<i>vacī°</i> breaking of [the rule as to] speech Miln.231.--<i>saṅgha°</i> disunion in the Saṅgha Vin.II,203.--<i>sīla°</i> breach of morality J.V,163.-- Abl.<i>bhedā</i> after the destruction or dissolution in phrase kāyassa bhedā param maraṇā,i.e.after the breaking up of the body &#38; after death:see kāya I.e. &#38; cp.D.III,52,146 sq.,258; Dh.140; Pug.51.-- 2.(-°) sort,kind,as adj.consisting of,like J.II,438; VI,3 (kaṭuk’ādi°); DhA.III,14 (kāya-sucarit’--ādi°-bhadra-kammāni); SnA 290 (Avīci-ādi-° niraya).<br><br> <i>--kara</i> causing division or dissension Vin.II,7; III,173; V,93 (cp.Vin.I,354 &#38; Vin.Texts III,266 for the 18 errors in which the Saṅgha is brought into division by bhikkhus who are in the wrong); DhsA.29 (aṭṭhārasa bheda-kara-vatthūni the 18 causes of dissension).(Page 509),5,1
  3415. 110157,en,15,bhedaka,bhedaka,Bhedaka,Bhedaka,(adj.n.) [fr.bheda] breaking,dividing,causing disunion; (m.) divider Vin.II,205; J.VI,382.-- nt.adv.<i>bhedakaṃ</i>,as in <i>°nakha</i> in such a way as to break a nail DA.I,37.(Page 509),7,1
  3416. 110198,en,15,bhedana,bhedana,Bhedana,Bhedana,(nt.) [fr.<em>bhid</em>,as in Caus.bhedeti] 1.breaking (open),in <i>puṭa°</i> breaking of the seed-boxes (of the Pāṭali plant),idiomatic for “merchandise" Miln.1.See under <i>puṭa</i>.-- 2.(fig.) breach,division,destruction A.IV,247; Dh.138; Bu II.7; J.I,467 (mittabhāva°).<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> subject to destruction,fragile,perishable A.IV,386; J.I,146,392; ThA.254.<i>--saṃvattanika</i> leading to division or dissension Vin.III,173.(Page 509),7,1
  3417. 110285,en,15,bhedapeti,bhedāpeti,Bhedāpeti,Bhedāpeti, &#38; Bhedeti are Causatives of bhindati (q.v.).(Page 509),9,1
  3418. 110388,en,15,bhejja,bhejja,Bhejja,Bhejja,(adj.) [grd.of bhindati] to be split,only in neg.form <i>abhejja</i> not to be split or sundered Sn.255; J.I,263; III,318; Pug.30; Miln.160,199.(Page 508),6,1
  3419. 110393,en,15,bhejjanaka,bhejjanaka,Bhejjanaka,Bhejjanaka,(adj.) [fr.bhejja] breakable; like bhejja only in neg.form <i>abhejjanaka</i> indestructible J.I,393.(Page 508),10,1
  3420. 110402,en,15,bheka,bheka,Bheka,Bheka,[cp.Vedic bheka,onomat.] a frog Th.1,310; J.III,430; IV,247; VI,208.(Page 508),5,1
  3421. 110417,en,15,bhendi,bheṇḍi,Bheṇḍi,Bheṇḍi,[perhaps identical with &#38; only wrong spelling for bheṇḍu=kaṇḍu<sup>2</sup>] a kind of missile used as a weapon,arrow Vin.III,77 (where enum<sup>d</sup> with asi,satti &#38; laguḷa in expl<sup>n</sup> of upanikkhipana).(Page 508),6,1
  3422. 110430,en,15,bhendu,bheṇḍu,Bheṇḍu,Bheṇḍu,[with v.l.geṇḍu,of uncertain reading &#38; meaning.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 107 gives giṇḍu &#38; remarks that this cannot be derived fr.kaṇḍuka (although <i>kaṇḍu</i> may be considered as gloss of bheṇḍu at Th.1,164:see kaṇḍu<sup>2</sup>),but belongs with Prk.geṇḍui play &#38; P.geṇḍuka and the originally Sk.words genduka,ginduka,geṇḍu,geṇḍuka to a root <em>gid,giḍ</em>,Prk.giṇḍai to play.Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,90 says:“I am inclined to read geṇḍu in all cases &#38; to compare it with geḍuka &#38; geṇḍuka a ball"] a ball,bead; also a ball-shaped ornament or turret,cupola Th.1,164 (see kaṇḍu<sup>2</sup>) J.I,386 (also °maya ball-shaped); III,184 (v.l.geṇḍu).(Page 509),6,1
  3423. 110435,en,15,bhenduka,bheṇḍuka,Bheṇḍuka,Bheṇḍuka,<sup>2</sup> [fr.bheṇḍu,identical with bheṇḍuka<sup>1</sup>] a knob,cupola,round tower J.I,2 (mahā-bh°-pamāṇa).(Page 509),8,1
  3424. 110436,en,15,bhenduka,bheṇḍuka,Bheṇḍuka,Bheṇḍuka,<sup>1</sup> [in all probability misreading for geṇḍuka.The v.l.is found at all passages.Besides this occur the vv.ll.keṇḍuka (=kaṇḍuka?) &#38; kuṇḍika] a ball for playing J.IV,30,256; V,196; VI,471; DhsA.116.See also <i>geṇḍuka</i>.(Page 509),8,1
  3425. 110449,en,15,bherandaka,bheraṇḍaka,Bheraṇḍaka,Bheraṇḍaka,[cp.*Sk.bheruṇḍa] a jackal J.V,270; the Nom.probably formed after the Acc.in phrase bheraṇḍakaṃ nadati to cry after the fashion of,or like a jackal A.I,187.(Page 509),10,1
  3426. 110462,en,15,bherava,bherava,Bherava,Bherava,(adj.) [fr.bhīru,cp.Epic Sk.bhairava] fearful,terrible,frightful Th.1,189; Sn.959,965,984; Nd<sup>1</sup> 370,467; J.VI,520; Dpvs 17,100; Pgdp 26,31.--bahu° very terrible A.III,52; stricken with terror J.VI,587.-- (n) terror,comb<sup>d</sup> with bhaya fear &#38; dismay M.I,17; A.IV,291; V,132; Th.1,367,1059.--pahīna-bhayabherava having left behind (i.e.free from) fear &#38; terror S.III,83.<br><br> --rāva cry of terror Miln.254.(Page 509),7,1
  3427. 110508,en,15,bheri,bheri,Bheri,Bheri,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.bherī] a kettle-drum (of large size; DhsA.319 distinguishes 2 kinds:mahā° &#38; paṭaha°) D.I,79; A.II,185; Vv 81<sup>10</sup>; J.VI,465; DhA.I,396; Sdhp.429.--issara° the drum of the ruler or lord J.I,283; paṭaha° kettle-drum Dpvs 16,14; DhsA.319; PvA.4; yāma° (--velāya) (at the time) when the drum sounds the watch J.V,459.--bheriṃ vādeti to sound the drum J.I,283.--bheriyo vādentā (pl.) beating (lit.making sound) the drums J.II,110.bheriñ carāpeti to make the drum go round,i.e.to proclaim by beat of drum J.V,41; VI,10.<br><br> --caraṇa the carrying round of the drum (in proclamations),in cpds.°magga the proclamation road DhA.II,43; &#38; °vīthi id.DhA.II,45.--tala the head of the drum Vism.489 (in comparison); VbhA.80 (id.).--paṇava drum &#38; tabor (in battle) A.II,117.--vāda drum-sound,fig.for a loud voice PvA.89 (bherivādena akkosati rails like drum).--vādaka a drummer J.I,283.--saññā sign of the drum DhA.I,396.--sadda sound of the drum J.I,283.(Page 509),5,1
  3428. 110586,en,15,bhesajja,bhesajja,Bhesajja,Bhesajja,(nt.) [cp.Vedic bhaiṣajya=bheṣaja,fr.bhiṣaj; see also P.bhisakka] a remedy,medicament,medicine Vin.I,278; D.II,266; M.I,30; SnA 154,446; Sdhp.393.--bhesajjaṃ karoti to treat with a medicine DhA.I,25; mūla-bhesajjāni the principal medicines Miln.43; pañca bhesajjāni the 5 remedies (allowed to bhikkhus) DhA.I,5.<br><br> --kapālaka medicine bowl VbhA.361.--sikkhāpada the medicine precepts VbhA.69.(Page 509),8,1
  3429. 110752,en,15,bhesma,bhesma,Bhesma,Bhesma,(adj.) [cp.Vedic bhīṣma of which the regular P.form is bhiṃsa,of <em>bhī</em>; bhesma would correspond to a form *bhaiṣma] terrible,awful Vin.II,203=It.86 (“bhesmā hi udadhī mahā," so read for Vin.bhasmā,with v.l.bhesmā,and for It tasmā,with v.l.BB bhesmā,misunderstood by ed.-- Bdhgh Vin.II,325 on Vin.passage expl<sup>s</sup> by bhayānaka); J.V,266; VI,133 (v.l.bhasma).(Page 509),6,1
  3430. 110763,en,15,bhettar,bhettar,Bhettar,Bhettar,[n.ag.fr.<em>bhid</em>] a breaker,divider A.V,283.(Page 509),7,1
  3431. 110785,en,15,bhibhaccha,bhībhaccha,Bhībhaccha,Bhībhaccha,see <i>bībhaccha</i>.(Page 505),10,1
  3432. 110800,en,15,bhidura,bhidura,Bhidura,Bhidura,(adj.) [fr.<em>bhid</em>] fragile,perishable,transitory Th.2,35 (=bhijjana-sabhāva ThA.43).(Page 505),7,1
  3433. 110814,en,15,bhijjana,bhijjana,Bhijjana,Bhijjana,(nt.) [fr.bhijjati] breaking up,splitting,perishing; destruction J.I,392; V,284; VI,11; DhA.I,257 (kaṇṇā bhijjan’ākāra-pattā); ThA.43 (bhijjana-sabhāva of perishable nature; expl<sup>n</sup> of bhidura Th.2,35); PvA.41 (°dhammā destructible,of saṅkhārā).-- Der.<i>abhijjanaka</i> see sep.(Page 505),8,1
  3434. 110829,en,15,bhijjati,bhijjati,Bhijjati,Bhijjati,[Pass.of <i>bhindati</i>,cp.Sk.bhidyate] to be broken,to be destroyed; <i>to break</i> (Instr.); pres.<i>bhijjati</i> Dh.148,ppr.bhijjamāna:see phrase abhijjamāne udake under abhijj°,with which cp.phrase <i>abhejjantyā</i> <i>pathavyā</i> J.VI,508,which is difficult to explain (not breaking? for abhijjantī after abhejja &#38; abhedi,and *abhijjanto for abhijjamāna,intrs.?).imper.bhijjatu Th.1,312.-- praet.2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>bhijjittha</i> J.I,468; aor.<i>abhedi</i> Ud.93 (abhedi kāyo).-- fut.<i>bhijjhissati</i> DA.I,266; grd.bhijjitabba J.III,56; on grd.°bhijja see <i>pabhindati;</i> grd.<i>bhejja</i> in <i>abhejja</i> not to be broken (q.v.).(Page 504),8,1
  3435. 110847,en,15,bhikkha,bhikkhā,Bhikkhā,Bhikkhā,(f.) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.bhaikṣa of <em>bhikṣ</em>,adj. &#38; nt.] begged food,alms,alms-begging; food Vin.IV,94; Cp I.1<sup>4</sup>; Vv 70<sup>4</sup> (ekāhā bh.food for one day); Miln.16; PvA.3,75,131 (kaṭacchu°); <i>bhikkhāya carati</i> to go out begging food [cp.Sk.bhaikṣaṃ carati] J.III,82; V,75; PvA.51 &#38; passim.--<i>subhikkha</i> (nt.) abundance of food D.I,11.<i>dubbhikkha</i> (nt.) ( &#38; <i>°ā</i> f.) scantiness of alms,famine,scarcity of food,adj.famine-stricken (cp.Sk.durbhikṣaṃ) Vin.II,175; III,87 (adj.); IV,23 (adj.); S.IV,323,324 (dvīhitikaṃ); A.I,160; III,41; J.II,149,367; V,193; VI,487; Cp I.3<sup>3</sup> (adj.); Vism.415 (°pīḷita),512 (f.in simile); KhA 218; DhA.I,169; II,153 (f.); III,437 (°bhaya).<br><br> <i>--āhāra</i> food received by a mendicant J.I,237 (=bhikkhu-āhāra?).<i>--cariyā</i> going about for alms,begging round Sn.700; PvA.146.<i>--cāra</i>=°cariyā Mhbv 28.<i>--paññatti</i> declaration of alms,announcement that food is to be given to the Saṅgha,a dedication of food Vin.I,309.(Page 504),7,1
  3436. 110991,en,15,bhikkhaka,bhikkhaka,Bhikkhaka,Bhikkhaka,[fr.bhikkhu,Cp.Epic Sk.bhikṣuka &#38; f.bhikṣukī] a beggar,mendicant S.I,182 (bh.brāhmaṇa); J.VI,59 (v.l.BB.°uka); VbhA.327.(Page 504),9,1
  3437. 111069,en,15,bhikkhati,bhikkhati,Bhikkhati,Bhikkhati,[cp.Vedic bhikṣate,old desid.to <em>bhaj</em><i>;</i> def.Dhtp 13 “yācane"] to beg alms,to beg,to ask for S.I,176,182 (so read for T.bhikkhavo); Dh.266; VbhA.327.-- ppr.med.<i>bhikkhamāna</i> Th.2,123.(Page 504),9,1
  3438. 111101,en,15,bhikkhu,bhikkhu,Bhikkhu,Bhikkhu,[cp.later Sk.bhikṣu,fr.<em>bhikṣ</em>] an almsman,a mendicant,a Buddhist monk or priest,a bhikkhu.‹-› Nom.sg.<i>bhikkhu</i> freq.passim; Vin.III,40 (vuḍḍhapabbajita); A.I,78 (thera bh.,an elder bh.; and nava bh.a young bh.); III,299 (id.); IV,25 (id.); Sn.276,360,411 sq.,915 sq.,1041,1104; Dh.31,266 sq.,364 sq.,378; Vv 80<sup>1</sup>; Acc.<i>bhikkhuṃ</i> Vin.III,174; Dh.362, &#38; <i>bhikkhunaṃ</i> Sn.87,88,513; Gen.Dat.<i>bhikkhuno</i> A.I,274; Sn.221,810,961; Dh.373; Pv.I,10<sup>10</sup>; &#38; <i>bhikkhussa</i> A.I,230; Vin.III,175; Instr.<i>bhikkhunā</i> Sn.389.pl.Nom.<i>bhikkhū</i> Vin.II,150; III,175; D.III,123; Vism.152 (in sim.); VbhA.305 (compared with amaccaputtā) &#38; <i>bhikkhavo</i> Sn.384,573; Dh.243,283; Acc.<i>bhikkhu</i> Sn.p.78; M.I,84; Vv 22<sup>10</sup>; &#38; <i>bhikkhavo</i> Sn.384,573; Gen.Dat.<i>bhikkhūnaṃ</i> Vin.III,285; D.III,264; Sn.1015; Pv.II,1<sup>7</sup>; &#38; <i>bhikkhunaṃ</i> S.I,190; Th.1,1231; Instr.<i>bhikkhūhi</i> Vin.III,175; Loc.<i>bhikkhūsu</i> A.IV,25, &#38; <i>bhikkhusu</i> Th.1,241,1207; Dh.73; Voc.<i>bhikkhave</i> (a Māgadhī form of Nom.bhikkhavaḥ) Vin.III,175; Sn.p.78; VvA.127; PvA.8,39,166; &#38; <i>bhikkhavo</i> Sn.280,385.<br><br> There are several allegorical etymologies (definitions) of the word bhikkhu,which occur frequently in the commentaries.All are fanciful interpretations of the idea of what a bhikkhu is or should be,and these qualities were sought and found in the word itself.Thus we mention here the foll.(a) bhikkhu=<i>bhinnakilesa</i> (“one who has broken the stains" i.e.of bad character) VbhA.328; VvA.29,114,310; PvA.51.‹-› (b) Another more explicit expl<sup>n</sup> is “sattannaṃ dhammānaṃ bhinnattā bhikkhu" (because of the breaking or destroying of 7 things,viz.the 7 bad qualities,leading to rebirth,consisting of sakkāyadiṭṭhi,vicikicchā,sīlabbata-parāmāsa,rāga,dosa,moha,māna).This def.at Nd<sup>1</sup> 70=Nd<sup>2</sup> 477<sup>a</sup>.-- (c) Whereas in a &#38; b the first syllable bhi(-kkhu) is referred to <em>bhid</em>,in this def.it is referred to <em>bhī</em> (to fear),with the further reference of (bh-) ikkh(u) to <em>īkṣ</em> (to see),and bhikkhu defined as “saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhati ti bh." Vism.3,16 (saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhaṇatāya vā bhinna-paṭa-dharaditāya vā).-- A very comprehensive def.of the term is found at Vbh.245--246,where bhikkhu-ship is established on the ground of 18 qualities (beginning with samaññāya bhikkhu,paṭiññāya bh.,bhikkhatī ti bh.,bhikkhako ti bh.,bhikkhācariyaṃ ajjhupagato ti bh.,bhinna-paṭa-dharo ti bh.,bhindati pāpake dhamme ti bh.,bhinnattā pāpakānaṃ dhammānan ti bh.etc.etc.).-- This passage is expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at VbhA.327,328.-- Two kinds of bhikkhus are distinguished at Ps.I,176; Nd<sup>1</sup> 465=Nd<sup>2</sup> 477<sup>b</sup>,viz.<i>kalyāṇa</i>[<i>--ka-</i>]<i>puthujjana</i> (a layman of good character) and <i>sekkha</i> (one in training),for which latter the term paṭilīnacara (one who lives in elimination,i.e.in keeping away from the dangers of worldly life) is given at Nd<sup>1</sup> 130 (on Sn.810).<br><br> <i>--gatika</i> a person who associates with the bhikkhus (in the Vihāra) Vin.I,148.<i>--bhāva</i> state of being a monk,monkhood,bhikkhuship D.I,176; Sn.p.102; <i>--saṅgha</i> the community of bhikkhus,the Order of friars D.III,208; Sn.403,1015; Sn.p.101,102; Miln.209; PvA.19 sq. &#38; passim.(Page 504),7,1
  3439. 111162,en,15,bhikkhuka,bhikkhuka,Bhikkhuka,Bhikkhuka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.bhikkhu] belonging to a Buddhist mendicant,a bhikkhu-,a monk’s,or of monks,in <i>sa°</i> with monks,inhabited by bhikkhus Vin.IV,307,308; opp.<i>a°</i> without bhikkhus,ibid.(Page 504),9,1
  3440. 111200,en,15,bhikkhuni,bhikkhunī,Bhikkhunī,Bhikkhunī,(f.) [fr.bhikkhu,cp.BSk.bhiksuṇī,but classical Sk.bhikṣukī] an almswoman,a female mendicant,a Buddhist nun D.III,123 sq.,148,168 sq.,264; Vin.IV,224 sq.,258 sq.(°saṅgha); S.I,128; II,215 sq.,IV.159 sq.; A.I,88,113,279; II,132 (°parisā),144; III,109; IV,75; Miln.28; VbhA.498 (dahara°,story of); VvA.77.(Page 504),9,1
  3441. 111606,en,15,bhima,bhīma,Bhīma,Bhīma,(adj.) [fr.<em>bhī</em>,cp.Vedic bhīma] dreadful,horrible,cruel,awful J.IV,26; Miln.275.<br><br> <i>--kāya</i> of horrible body,terrific J.V,165.<i>--rūpa</i> of terrifying appearance Th.2,353.<i>--sena</i> having a terrifying army J.IV,26; VI,201.Also Np.of one of the 5 sons of King Paṇḍu J.V,426; Vism.233.(Page 505),5,1
  3442. 111623,en,15,bhimala,bhīmala,Bhīmala,Bhīmala,(adj.) [fr.bhīma] terrifying,horrible,awful J.V,43 (T.bhīmūla,but read bhīmala; C.expl<sup>s</sup> by bhiṃsanaka-mahāsadda).(Page 505),7,1
  3443. 111650,en,15,bhimsa,bhiṃsa,Bhiṃsa,Bhiṃsa,(adj.) [=Vedic bhīṣma,of which there are 4 P.forms,viz.the metathetic <i>bhiṃsa</i>,the shortened <i>bhisma</i>,the lengthened <i>bhesma</i>,and the contracted <i>bhīsa</i> (see bhīsana).Cp.also Sk.-P.bhīma; all of <em>bhī</em>] terrible; only in cpd.<i>°rūpa</i> (nt. &#38; adj.) an awful sight; (of) terrific appearance,terrible,awful J.III,242,339; IV,271,494.(Page 504),6,1
  3444. 111655,en,15,bhimsa,bhiṃsā,Bhiṃsā,Bhiṃsā,(f.) [fr.bhiṃsa] terror,fright; <i>mahā-bhiṃsa</i> (adj.) inspiring great terror D.II,259.Cp.<i>bhismā</i>.(Page 504),6,1
  3445. 111661,en,15,bhimsana,bhiṃsana,Bhiṃsana,Bhiṃsana, &#38; Bhiṃsanaka (adj.) [the form with <i>°ka</i> is the canonic form,whereas bhiṃsana is younger.See bhiṃsa on connections] horrible,dreadful,awe-inspiring,causing fear.(a) <i>bhiṃsanaka</i> (usually comb<sup>d</sup> with lomahaṃsa) D.II,106=A.IV,311; D.II,157; Vin.III,8; PvA.22; ThA.242 (°sabhāva=bhīmarūpa); J.V,43.-- (b) <i>bhiṃsana</i> Pv IV.3<sup>5</sup> (+lomahaṃsa).(Page 504),8,1
  3446. 111751,en,15,bhimsika,bhiṃsikā,Bhiṃsikā,Bhiṃsikā,(f.) [fr.bhiṃsa] frightful thing,terror,terrifying omen Mhvs 12,12 (vividhā bhiṃsikā kari he brought divers terrors to pass).(Page 504),8,1
  3447. 111771,en,15,bhindana,bhindana,Bhindana,Bhindana,(adj.) [fr.bhindati] breaking up,brittle,falling into ruin S.I,131 (kāya).(Page 505),8,1
  3448. 111812,en,15,bhindati,bhindati,Bhindati,Bhindati,[<em>bhid</em>,Sk.bhinatti; cp.Lat.findo to split,Goth.beitan=Ger.beissen.Def.at Dhtp 381,405 by “vidāraṇe" i.e.splitting] to split,break,sever,destroy,ruin.In two bases:<i>*bhid</i> (with der.<i>*bhed) </i>&<i> *bhind</i>.-- (a) <i>*bhid:</i> aor.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>abhida</i> (=Sk.abhidat) D.II,107; J.III,29 (see also under abhida); <i>abbhidā</i> J.I,247; II,163,164.-- fut.<i>bhecchati</i> (Sk.bhetsyati) A.I,8.-- ger.<i>bhetvā</i> (Sk.bhittvā) Th.1,753; Sn.62 (v.l.BB bhitvā).-- grd.<i>bhejja</i>:only neg.<i>abhejja</i> (q.v.).See also der.bheda,bhedana.-- pp.<i>bhinna</i> &#38; Pass.<i>bhijjati</i>.-- (b) <i>*bhind:</i> pres.<i>bhindati</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 503; DhA.I,125 (kathaṃ bh.to break a promise); Sdhp.47.-- ppr.<i>bhindanto</i> Mhvs 5,185.-- Pot.<i>bhinde</i> Vism.36 (sīlasaṃvaran).-- fut.<i>bhindissati</i> Vin.II,198.-- aor.<i>bhindi</i> J.I,467 (mitta-bhāvaṃ), &#38; <i>abhindi</i> A.IV,312 (atta-sambhavaṃ).-- ger.<i>bhinditvā</i> J.I,425,490; PvA.12; also in phrase <i>indriyāni bhinditvā</i> breaking in one’s senses,i.e.mastering,controlling them J.II,274; IV,104,114,190.-- Caus.I.<i>bhedeti</i>:see vi°.Caus.II.<i>bhindāpeti</i> to cause to be broken J.I,290 (sīlaṃ); VI,345 (pokkharaṇiṃ) and <i>bhedāpeti</i> Vin.III,42.-- See also bhindana.(Page 505),8,1
  3449. 111884,en,15,bhindivala,bhindivāla,Bhindivāla,Bhindivāla,[Non-Aryan; Epic Sk.bhindipāla spear,but cp Prk bhiṇḍi-māla &#38; °vāla,Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 248; see also Geiger,P.Gr.§ 38] a sort of spear J.VI,105,248; Abhp 394.(Page 505),10,1
  3450. 111907,en,15,bhinka,bhiṅka,Bhiṅka,Bhiṅka,[cp.Vedic bhṛnga large bee] the young of an animal,esp.of an elephant,in its property of being dirty (cp.pigs) Vin.II,201=S.II,269 (bhiṅka-cchāpa); J.V,418 (with ref.to young cats:“mahā-biḷārā nelamaṇḍalaṃ vuccati taruṇā bhiṅka-cchāpa-maṇḍalaṃ," T.°cchāca°,vv.ll.bhiñjaka-cchāca; taruṇa-bhiga --cchāpa; bhinga-cchāja).(Page 504),6,1
  3451. 111918,en,15,bhinkara,bhiṅkāra,Bhiṅkāra,Bhiṅkāra,<sup>3</sup> [cp.Sk.bhṛnga bee,bhṛngaka &#38; bhṛnga-rājā] a bird:Lanius caerulescens J.V,416.(Page 504),8,1
  3452. 111919,en,15,bhinkara,bhiṅkāra,Bhiṅkāra,Bhiṅkāra,<sup>2</sup> [?] cheers,cries of delight (?) Bu I.35 (+sādhu kāra).(Page 504),8,1
  3453. 111920,en,15,bhinkara,bhiṅkāra,Bhiṅkāra,Bhiṅkāra,<sup>1</sup> ( &#38; °gāra) [cp.late Sk.bhṛngāra] a water jar,a (nearly always golden) vase,ceremonial vessel (in donations) Vin.I,39 (sovaṇṇa-maya); D.II,172; A.IV,210=214 (T.°gāra,v.l.°kāra); Cp.I.3<sup>5</sup>; J.I,85,93; II,371; III,10 (suvaṇṇa°); Dpvs XI.32; PvA.75; KhA 175 (suvaṇṇa°; v.l.BB °gāra),Sdhp.513 (soṇṇa°).(Page 504),8,1
  3454. 111929,en,15,bhinna,bhinna,Bhinna,Bhinna,[pp.of bhindati] 1.broken,broken up (lit. &#38; fig.) Sn.770 (nāvā); J.I,98 (abhinna magga an unbroken path); III,167 (uda-kumbha); PvA.72 (°sarīra-cchavi).-- 2.(fig.) split,fallen into dissension,not agreeing D.III,117=210,171.-- Usually in cpds., &#38; often to be translated by prep.“without," e.g.bhinnahirottappa without shame.-- Cp.sam°.<br><br> <i>--ājīva</i> without subsistence,one who has little means to live on,one who leads a poor mode of living Miln.229 sq.(opp.Parisuddh’ājīva); Vism.306.<i>--nāva</i> ship-wreeked J.IV,159.<i>--paṭa</i> a torn cloth,in cpd.°dhara “wearing a patchwork cloth," i.e.a bhikkhu (see also s.v.bhikkhu) Th.1,1092.<i>--plava</i> ship-wrecked J.III,158.<i>--manta</i> disobeying (i.e.breaking) a counsel J.VI,437.<i>--sira</i> with a broken head J.IV,251.<i>--sīmā</i> (f.) one who has broken the bounds (of decency) Miln.122.<i>--sīla</i> one who has broken the norm of good conduct Vism.56.<i>--hirottappa</i> without shame,shameless J.I,207.(Page 505),6,1
  3455. 112183,en,15,bhinnatta,bhinnatta,Bhinnatta,Bhinnatta,(nt.) [fr.bhinna] state of being broken or destroyed,destruction A.IV,144.(Page 505),9,1
  3456. 112232,en,15,bhirati,bhīrati,Bhīrati,Bhīrati,Pass.to bharati,only in cpd.ppr.<i>anubhīramāna</i> M.III,123 (chatta:being brought up,or carried behind).Neumann,M.trsl.<sup>2</sup> III,248 translates “über ihm schwebt," &#38; proposes reading (on p.563) <i>anu-hīramāna</i> (fr.<em>hṛ</em>).This reading is to be preferred, &#38; is also found at D.II,15.(Page 505),7,1
  3457. 112238,en,15,bhiru,bhīru,Bhīru,Bhīru,(adj.n.) [fr.<em>bhī</em><i>;</i> cp.Vedic bhīru] 1.fearful,i.e.having fear,timid,afraid,shy,cowardly Sdhp.207 (dukkha°); usually in neg.<i>abhīru</i> not afraid,without fear,comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>anutrāsin</i>:see utrāsin.-- 2.fearful,i.e.causing fear,awful,dreadful,terrible Pv.II,4<sup>1</sup> (°dassana terrible to look at).-- 3.(m.) fear,cowardice Sn.437 (=utrāsa SnA 390).<br><br> <i>--ttāṇa</i> refuge for the fearful,adj.one who protects,those who are in fear A.II,174; It.25; Sdhp.300.(Page 506),5,1
  3458. 112251,en,15,bhiruka,bhīruka,Bhīruka,Bhīruka,(adj.) [fr.bhīru] afraid,shy,cowardly,shunning (-°) Vism.7 (pāpa°),645 (jīvitu-kāma bhīruka-purisa).(Page 506),7,1
  3459. 112285,en,15,bhisa,bhisa,Bhisa,Bhisa,(nt.) [cp.Vedic bisa,with bh for b:see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 40 1a] the sprout (fr.the root) of a lotus,the lotus fibres,lotus plant S.I,204; II,268; J.I,100; IV,308.<br><br> <i>--puppha</i> the lotus flower Sn.2 (=paduma-puppha SnA 16).<i>--muḷāla</i> fibres &#38; stalk of the lotus J.V,39; Vism.361.(Page 505),5,1
  3460. 112314,en,15,bhisakka,bhisakka,Bhisakka,Bhisakka,[cp.Vedic bhiṣaj physician,P.bhesajja medicine &#38; see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 63<sup>1</sup>] a physician M.I,429; A.III,238; IV,340; It.101; Miln.169,215,229,247 sq.,302; Vism.598 (in simile); DA.I,67,255.(Page 505),8,1
  3461. 112343,en,15,bhisana,bhīsana,Bhīsana,Bhīsana,(adj.) =<i>bhiṃsana</i> (q.v.) Pv IV.3<sup>5</sup> (v.l.in PvA.251),expl<sup>d</sup> by bhayajanana PvA.251,where C.reading also bhīsana.(Page 506),7,1
  3462. 112375,en,15,bhisi,bhisi,Bhisi,Bhisi,<sup>2</sup> [etym.?] a raft Sn.21.-- Andersen,Pali Reader,Glossary s.v.identifies it with bhisi<sup>1</sup> and asks:“Could it also mean a sort of cushion,made of twisted grass,used instead of a swimming girdle?" (Page 505),5,1
  3463. 112376,en,15,bhisi,bhisi,Bhisi,Bhisi,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [cp.Epic Sk.bṛṣī &#38; bṛsī,with bh for b,as in Prk.bhisī,cp.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 209] a bolster,cushion,pad,roll Vin.I,287 sq.(cīvara° a robe rolled up); II,150,170; III,90; IV,279.Five kinds are allowed in a Vihāra,viz.uṇṇa-bhisi,cola°,vāka°,tiṇu°,paṇṇa°,i.e.bolsters stuffed with wool,cotton-cloth,bark,grass,or talipot leaves,Vin.II,150=VbhA.365 (tiṇa°).<br><br> <i>--bimbohana</i> bolster &#38; pillow Vin.I,47; II,208; DhA.I,416; VbhA.365.(Page 505),5,1
  3464. 112395,en,15,bhisika,bhisikā,Bhisikā,Bhisikā,(f.) [fr.bhisi<sup>1</sup>] a small bolster Vin.II,148 (vātapāna° a roll to keep out draughts); KhA 50 (tāpasa°,v.l.K<sup>k</sup> kapala-bhitti,see Appendix to Indexes on Sutta Nipāta &#38; Pj.).(Page 505),7,1
  3465. 112412,en,15,bhisma,bhismā,Bhismā,Bhismā,(f.) [=bhiṃsā] terror,fright D.II,261 (°kāya adj.terrific).(Page 505),6,1
  3466. 112422,en,15,bhita,bhīta,Bhīta,Bhīta,[pp.of bhāyati] frightened,terrified,afraid Dh.310; J.I,168 (niraya-bhaya°); II,110 (maraṇa-bhaya°),129; IV,141 (+tasita); PvA.154,280 (+tasita).Cp.sam°.(Page 505),5,1
  3467. 112457,en,15,bhitti,bhitti,Bhitti,Bhitti,(f.) [fr.<i>bhid</i>,cp.*Sk.bhitta fragment, &#38; Class.Sk.bhitti wall] a wall Vin.I,48; D.II,85; S.II,103; IV,183; V,218; J.I,491; Vism.354=VbhA.58 (in comparison); ThA.258; VvA.42,160,271,302; PvA.24.<br><br> <i>--khīla</i> a pin (peg) in the wall Vin.II,114,152.<i>--pāda</i> the support or lower part of a wall J.IV,318.(Page 505),6,1
  3468. 112482,en,15,bhittika,bhittika,Bhittika,Bhittika,(adj.) [fr.bhitti] having a wall or walls J.IV,318 (naḷa °ā <i>paṇṇasālā</i>); VI,10 (catu° with 4 walls).(Page 505),8,1
  3469. 112566,en,15,bhiyyo,bhiyyo,Bhiyyo,Bhiyyo,(Bhīyo,Bhīyyo) [Vedic bhūyas,compar.form fr.<i>bhū</i>,functioning as compar.to bhūri.On relation Sk.bhūyaḥ:P.bhiyyo cp.Sk.jugupsate:P.jigucchati] 1.(adj.) more Sn.61 (dukkham ettha bhiyyo),584 (id.),306 (bh.taṇhā pavaḍḍhatha); Dh.313 (bh.rajan ākirate),349 (bh.taṇhā pavaḍḍhati).-- 2.(adv.) in a higher degree,more,repeatedly,further S.I,108 (appaṃ vā bhīyo less or more); Sn.434 (bh.cittaṃ pasīdati); Dh.18 (bh.nandati=ativiya n.C.); Miln.40.-- See also bhiyyoso,yebhuyyena.<br><br> <i>--kamyatā</i> desire for more,greed Vin.II,214.<i>--bhāva</i> getting more,increase,multiplication D.III,221; Vin.III,45; S.V,9,198,244; A.I,98; V,70; VbhA.289.(Page 505),6,1
  3470. 112597,en,15,bhiyyoso,bhiyyoso,Bhiyyoso,Bhiyyoso,(adv.) [Abl.formation fr.bhiyyo 1] still more,more and more,only in cpd.<i>°mattāya</i> [cp.BSk.bhūyasyā mātrāya MVastu II.345; Divy 263 &#38; passim] exceedingly,abundantly A.I,124=Pug.30 (expl<sup>d</sup> at PugA 212 by “bhiyyoso-mattāya uddhumāyana-bhāvo daṭṭhabbo"); J.I,61; PvA.50.(Page 505),8,1
  3471. 112610,en,15,bho,bho,Bho,Bho,(indecl.) [Voc.of bhavant,cp.Sk.bhoḥ which is the shortened Voc.bhagoḥ of Vedic bhagavant; cp.as to form P.āvuso›Sk.āyuṣmaḥ of āyuṣmant] a familiar term of address (in speaking to equals or inferiors):sir,friend,you,my dear; pl.sirs D.I,88,90,93,111; M.I,484; Sn.427,457,487; with Voc.of noun:bho purisa my dear man J.I,423; bho brahmaṇā oh ye brahmans J.II,369.Double bho bho DhA.IV,158.<br><br> --vādika=°vādin Nd<sup>1</sup> 249.--vādin a brahman,i.e.one who addresses others with the word “bho," implying some superiority of the speaker; name given to the brahman,as proud of his birth,in contrast to brāhmaṇa,the true brahman Sn.620; Dh.396; J.VI,211,214; DhA.IV,158.(Page 509),3,1
  3472. 112617,en,15,bhobhukka,bhobhukka,Bhobhukka,Bhobhukka,[intens-redupl.of <em>bhukk</em><i>=</i><em>bukk</em>,to bark:see bhukka &#38; cp.Sk.bukkati,bukkana] one making a barking sound,barker,i.e.dog J.VI,345 (=bhuṅkaraṇa C.).(Page 511),9,1
  3473. 112623,en,15,bhoga,bhoga,Bhoga,Bhoga,<sup>2</sup> [fr.<em>bhuj</em> to bend,cp.bhuja<sup>3</sup> &#38; Sk.bhoga id.Hālayudha 3,20] the coil of a snake J.III,58.See also nib°.(Page 510),5,1
  3474. 112624,en,15,bhoga,bhoga,Bhoga,Bhoga,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>bhuñj</em>:see bhuñjati] 1.enjoyment A.IV,392 (kāmaguṇesu bh.).-- 2.possession,wealth D.III,77; Sn.301,421; Dh.139,355; Pug.30,57; Sdhp.86,228,264.--appa° little or no possession Sn.114.<br><br> --khandha a mass of wealth,great possessions D.II,86 (one of the 5 profits accruing from virtue).--gāma “village of revenue," a tributary village,i.e.a village which has to pay tribute or contributions (in food etc.) to the owner of its ground.The latter is called gāmabhojaka or gāmapati “landlord" J.II,135.Cp.Fick,Sociale Gliederung 71,112.--cāgin giving riches,liberal A.III,128..--pārijuñña loss of property or possessions VvA.101.--mada pride or conceit of wealth VbhA.466.<i>--vāsin</i>,as f.<i>vāsinī</i> “living in property," i.e.to be enjoyed or made use of occasionally,one of the 10 kinds of wives:a kept woman Vin.III,139,140; cp.M.I,286.(Page 509),5,1
  3475. 112805,en,15,bhogata,bhogatā,Bhogatā,Bhogatā,(-°) (f.) [abstr.fr.bhoga] condition of prosperity,having wealth or riches,in <i>uḷāra°</i> being very rich,M.III,38.(Page 510),7,1
  3476. 112819,en,15,bhogavant,bhogavant,Bhogavant,Bhogavant,(adj.) [fr.bhoga] one who has possessions or supplies,wealthy J.V,399; Mhvs 10,20; Sdhp.511.(Page 510),9,1
  3477. 112851,en,15,bhogga,bhogga,Bhogga,Bhogga,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [grd.of <em>bhuñj</em> to enjoy,thus=Sk.bhogya] 1.to be enjoyed or possessed,n.property,possession,in cpd.<i>rāja°</i> (of an elephant) to be possessed by a king,serviceable to a king,royal D.I,87; A.I,244,284; II,113,170; J.II,370; DhA.I,313 (royal possessions in general); DA.I,245.Cp.BSk.rājabhogya MVastu I.287.See in detail under rāja-bhogga.--<i>naggabhogga</i> one who possesses nothing but nakedness,i.e.an ascetic J.IV,160; V,75; VI,225.-- 2.(identical with bhogika &#38; bhogiya &#38; similar in meaning to bhojarājā) royal,of royal power,entitled to the throne,as a designation of “class" at Vin.III,221 in sequence rājā <i>rāja-bhoggā</i> brāhmaṇā,etc.,where it takes the place of the usual <i>khattiya</i> “royal noble." (Page 510),6,1
  3478. 112852,en,15,bhogga,bhogga,Bhogga,Bhogga,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [fr.<em>bhuj</em> to bend,pp.corresp.to Sk.bhugna] bent,crooked M.I,88; D.II,22; A.I,138; J.III,395.(Page 510),6,1
  3479. 112873,en,15,bhogika,bhogika,Bhogika,Bhogika,(-°) (adj.) [fr.bhoga] having wealth or power,in <i>antara°</i> an intermediate aristocrat Vin.III,47.(Page 510),7,1
  3480. 112877,en,15,bhogin,bhogin,Bhogin,Bhogin,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.<em>bhuj</em>,see bhuja<sup>3</sup>] having coils,of a snake J.III,57; VI,317.(Page 510),6,1
  3481. 112878,en,15,bhogin,bhogin,Bhogin,Bhogin,<sup>1</sup> (-°) (adj.-n.) [fr.bhoga] enjoying,owning,abounding in,partaking in or devoted to (e.g.to pleasure,<i>kāma°</i>) D.II,80; III,124; S.I,78; IV,331,333; A.III,289; V,177.-- m.owner,wealthy man M.I,366.(Page 510),6,1
  3482. 112882,en,15,bhogiya,bhogiya,Bhogiya,Bhogiya,is diaeretic form of Sk.bhogya=P.<i>bhogga</i><sup>2</sup> with which identical in meaning 2,similar also to <i>bhogika</i>.(Page 510),7,1
  3483. 112905,en,15,bhoja,bhoja,Bhoja,Bhoja,[lit.grd.of bhuñjati<sup>2</sup>,to be sorted out,to be raised from slavery; thus also meaning “dependence," “training," from <i>bhuj</i>,to which belongs bhujissa] one who is getting trained,dependent,a freed slave,villager,subject.Only in cpds.like <i>bhojisiyaṃ</i> [bhoja+isi+ ya=issariya] mastery over dependence,i.e.independence S.I,44,45; <i>bhojājānīya</i> a well-trained horse,a thoroughbred J.I,178,179; <i>bhojaputta</i> son of a villager J.V,165; <i>bhojarājā</i> head of a village (-district) a subordinate king Sn.553=Th.1,823.-- In the latter phrase however it may mean “wealthy" kings,or “titled" kings (khattiyā bh-r.,who are next in power to and serve on a rājā cakkavatti).The phrase is best taken as one,viz.“the nobles,royal kings." It may be a term for “vice-kings" or substitute-kings,or those who are successors of the king.The expl<sup>n</sup> at SnA 453 takes the three words as three diff.terms and places bhojā= bhogiyā as a designation of a class or rank (=bhogga).Neumann in his trsl<sup>n</sup> of Sn.has “Königstämme,kühn and stolz," free but according to the sense.The phrase may in bhoja contain a local designation of the Bhoja princes (N.of a tribe),which was then taken as a special name for “king" (cp.Kaiser›Cæsar,or Gr.basileuζ).With the wording “khattiyā bhoja-rājāno anuyuttā bhavanti te" cp.M.III,173:“<i>paṭirājāno</i> te rañño cakkavattissa anuyuttā bhavanti," and A.V,22:“<i>kuḍḍarājāno</i>" in same phrase.-- Mrs.Rh.D.at Brethren,p.311,trsl<sup>s</sup> “nobles and wealthy lords." (Page 510),5,1
  3484. 112920,en,15,bhojaka,bhojaka,Bhojaka,Bhojaka,[fr.<em>bhuj</em>,bhojeti] 1.one who provides food,attendant at meals J.V,413.-- 2.(is this from bhuñjati<sup>2</sup> &#38; bhujissa?) one who draws the benefit of something,owner,holder,in <i>gāma°</i> landholder,village headman (see Dial.I.108 n. &#38; Fick,Sociale Gliederung 104 sq.) J.I,199,354,483; II,135 (=gāmapati,gāmajeṭṭhaka); V,413; DhA.I,69.Cp.<i>bhojanaka</i>.(Page 510),7,1
  3485. 112934,en,15,bhojan,bhojan,Bhojan,Bhojan,is ppr.of bhojeti,feeding J.VI,207.(Page 510),6,1
  3486. 112941,en,15,bhojana,bhojana,Bhojana,Bhojana,(nt.) [fr.bhuñjati] food,meal,nourishment in general J.II,218; IV,103,173; J.I,178; IV,223; Sn.102,128,242,366,667; Dh.7,70; Pug.21,55; Miln.370; Vism.69,106; Sdhp.52,388,407.Some similes with bhojana see J.P.T.S.1907,119.--<i>tika°</i> food allowed for a triad (of reasons) Vin.II,196.dub° having little or bad food J.II,368; DhA.IV,8.<i>paṇīta°</i> choice &#38; plentiful meals Vin.IV,88.<i>sabhojane</i> kule in the family in which a bhikkhu has received food Vin.IV,94.--<i>bhojane mattaññu(tā)</i> knowing proper measure in eating ( &#38; abstr.); eating within bounds,one of the 4 restricttions of moral life S.II,218; A.I,113 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 483.‹-› 5 bhojanāni or meals are given at Vin.IV,75,viz.niccabhatta°,salākabhatta°,pakkhikaṃ,uposathikaṃ,pāṭipadikaṃ.-- As part of the regulations concerning food,hours of eating etc.in the Saṅgha there is a distinction ascribed to the Buddha between <i>gaṇabhojanaṃ</i>,<i> parampara-bhojanaṃ</i>,<i> atirittabhojanaṃ</i>,<i> anatirittabhojanaṃ</i> mentioned at Kvu II.552; see Vin.IV,71,77.All these ways of taking food are forbidden under ordinary circumstances,but allowed in the case of illness (gilāna-samaye),when robes are given to the Bhikkhus (cīvarasamaye) and several other occasions,as enum<sup>d</sup> at Vin.IV,74.-- The distinction is made as follows:<i>gaṇabhojanaṃ</i> said when 4 bhikkhus are invited to partake together of one of the five foods; or food prepared as a joint meal Vin.IV,74; cp.II.196; V,128,135; <i>paramparabhojanaṃ</i> said when a bhikkhu,invited to partake of one of the 5 foods,first takes one and then another Vin.IV,78; <i>atirittabhojanaṃ</i> is food left over from that provided for a sick person,or too great a quantity offered on one occasion to bhikkhus (in this case permitted to be eaten) Vin.IV,82; <i>anatirittabhojanaṃ</i> is food that is not left over &#38; is accepted &#38; eaten by a bhikkhu without inquiry Vin.IV,84.<br><br> <i>--aggadāna</i> gift of the best of food SnA 270.<i>--atthika</i> in need of food,hungry Pv.II,9<sup>29</sup>.<i>--pariyantika</i> restricting one’s feeding Vism.69.<i>--vikati</i> at J.V,292 is to be read as <i>bhājana°</i> (q.v.).(Page 510),7,1
  3487. 112969,en,15,bhojanaka,bhojanaka,Bhojanaka,Bhojanaka,=bhojaka,in <i>°gāma</i> owner or headman of the village J.II,134.(Page 510),9,1
  3488. 113117,en,15,bhojaniya,bhojaniya,Bhojaniya,Bhojaniya,Bhojanīya,Bhojaneyya [grd.of <i>bhuj</i>,Caus.bhojeti.Cp.bhuñjitabba] what may be eaten,eatable,food; fit or proper to eat.--<i>bhojaniya:</i> food Vin.IV,92 (five foods:odana rice,kummāsa gruel,sattu meal,flour,maccha fish,maṃsa meat).Soft food,as distinguished from <i>khādaniya</i> hard food J.I,90.See also khādaniya.<i>bhojanīya:</i> eatable S.I,167,cp.pari°.<i>bhojaneyya:</i> fit to eat DA.I,28; a° unfit to be eaten Sn.81; J.V,15.(Page 510),9,1
  3489. 113205,en,15,bhojeti,bhojeti,Bhojeti,Bhojeti,[Caus.of bhuñjati] to cause to eat,to feed,entertain,treat,regale Vin.I,243; IV,71; J.VI,577; DhA.I,101.(Page 510),7,1
  3490. 113238,en,15,bhojin,bhojin,Bhojin,Bhojin,(-°) (adj.) [fr.<em>bhuj</em>] feeding on,enjoying A.III,43; M.I,343; Sn.47; J.II,150; Pug.55.(Page 510),6,1
  3491. 113255,en,15,bhojja,bhojja,Bhojja,Bhojja,(adj.) [grd.of bhuñjati] to be eaten,eatable; <i>khajja°</i> what can be chewed &#38; eaten DA.I,85.<i>°yāgu</i> “eatable rice-gruel," i.e.soft gruel,prepared in a certain way Vin.I,223,224.(Page 511),6,1
  3492. 113264,en,15,bhojjha,bhojjha,Bhojjha,Bhojjha,a good horse,a Sindh horse J.I,180.(Page 511),7,1
  3493. 113270,en,15,bhokkham,bhokkhaṃ,Bhokkhaṃ,Bhokkhaṃ,is fut.of bhuñjati (q.v.).(Page 509),8,1
  3494. 113277,en,15,bhokkhi,bhokkhi,Bhokkhi,Bhokkhi,at VbhA.424,in phrase sucikāmo bh.brāhmaṇo is a kind of Desider,formation fr.bhuj° (bhuñj),appearing as *bhukṣ=bhokkh (cp.bhokkhaṃ),with ending °in; meaning “wishing to eat." It corresponds to Sk.bhoktu-kāma.Cp.also n.ag.bhoktṛ of *<em>bhukṣ</em>,enjoyer,eater.P.bhokkhi might be Sk.bhoktrī,if it was not for the latter being f.The word is a curiosity.(Page 509),7,1
  3495. 113292,en,15,bhoti,bhoti,Bhoti,Bhoti,f.of <i>bhavant</i> (q.v.) DhA.III,194.(Page 511),5,1
  3496. 113304,en,15,bhottabba,bhottabba,Bhottabba,Bhottabba, &#38; Bhottuṃ are grd. &#38; inf.of bhuñjati (q.v.); <i>bhottabba</i> to be eaten J.V,252,253; <i>bhottuṃ</i> to eat J.II,14.(Page 511),9,1
  3497. 113354,en,15,bhu,bhū,Bhū,Bhū,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [fr.<em>bhū</em>,otherwise bhūmi] the earth; Loc.<i>bhuvi</i> according to Kaccāyana; otherwise bhuvi is aor.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.; of <i>bhū:</i> see Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 516; Geiger,Pali Gr.§ 86<sup>5</sup>.(Page 507),3,1
  3498. 113355,en,15,bhu,bhū,Bhū,Bhū,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>bhū</em>] (adj.) being,(n.) creature,living being in <i>pāṇa-</i><em>bhū</em> a living being (a breathing being) J.V,79 (=pāṇa-bhūta C.).(Page 507),3,1
  3499. 113375,en,15,bhucca,bhucca,Bhucca,Bhucca,(adj.) [ger.of <em>bhū</em> in composition,corresponding to *bhūtya›*bhutya,like pecca (*pretya) fr.pra+<em>i</em>.In function equal to <i>bhūta</i>] only in cpd.<i>yathā-bhuccaṃ</i> (nt.adv.) as it is,that which really is,really (=yathā bhūtaṃ) Th.2,143.See under <i>yathā</i>.(Page 506),6,1
  3500. 113393,en,15,bhuja,bhuja,Bhuja,Bhuja,<sup>3</sup> (adj.) [fr.<em>bhuj</em> to bend] bending,crooked,in <i>bhuja-laṭṭhi</i> betel-pepper tree J.VI,456 (C.:bhujaṅgalatā,perhaps identical with bhujaka?),also in cpd.<i>bhuja-ga</i> going crooked,i.e.snake Miln.420 (bhujaginda king of snakes,the cobra); Dāvs.2,17; also as <i>bhujaṅga</i> Dāvs 2,56, &#38; in der.<i>bhujaṅga-latā</i> “snakecreeper," i.e.name of the betel-pepper J.VI,457; and <i>bhujaṅgama</i> S.I,69.-- Cp.<i>bhogin<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 506),5,1
  3501. 113394,en,15,bhuja,bhuja,Bhuja,Bhuja,<sup>2</sup> [fr.bhuñjati<sup>2</sup>] clean,pure,bright,beautiful J.VI,88 (°dassana beautiful to look at; C.expl<sup>ns</sup> by kalyāṇa dassana).(Page 506),5,1
  3502. 113395,en,15,bhuja,bhuja,Bhuja,Bhuja,<sup>1</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.bhuja m. &#38; bhujā; <em>bhuj</em>,bhujate to bend,lit.“the bender"; the root is expl<sup>d</sup> by <i>koṭilya</i> (koṭilla) at Dhtp 470 (Dhtm 521).See also bhuja<sup>3</sup>.Idg.<i>*bheṅg</i>,fr.which also Lat.fugio to flee=Gr.feu/gw,Lat.fuga flight=Sk.bhoga ring,Ohg.bouc; Goth.biugan to bend=Ger.beugen &#38; biegen; Ohg.bogo=E.bow.Semantically cp.Lat.lacertus the arm,i.e.the bend,fr.<i>*leq</i> to bend,to which P.laguḷa a club (q.v.for etym.),with which cp.Lat.lacerta=lizard,similar in connotation to P.bhujaga snake] the arm Sn.48 (expl<sup>d</sup> by Nd<sup>2</sup> 478 as hattha,hand); 682 (pl.bhujāni); J.V,91,309; VI,64; Bu I.36; Vv 64<sup>18</sup>.(Page 506),5,1
  3503. 113403,en,15,bhuja,bhūja,Bhūja,Bhūja,[cp.late Sk.bhūrja,with which related Lat.fraxinus ash,Ags.beorc=E.birch,Ger.birke] the Bhūrja tree,i.e.a kind of willow J.V,195,405 (in both places=ābhujī),420.(Page 507),5,1
  3504. 113423,en,15,bhujaka,bhujaka,Bhujaka,Bhujaka,[fr.<em>bhuj</em>,as in bhuñjati<sup>2</sup>; or does it belong to bhuja<sup>3</sup> and equal to bhuja-laṭṭhi?] a fragrant tree,growing (according to Dhpāla) only in the Gandhamādana grove of the Devaloka Vv 35<sup>5</sup>; VvA.162.(Page 506),7,1
  3505. 113487,en,15,bhujissa,bhujissa,Bhujissa,Bhujissa,[cp.BSk.bhujiṣya Divy 302,according to Mhvyut § 84 meaning “clean"; thus fr.<em>bhuj</em> (see bhuñjati<sup>2</sup>) to purify,sort out] 1.(n.m.) a freed slave,freeman; a servant as distinguished from a slave Vin.I,93; J.II,313; PvA.112.--<i>bhujissaṃ karoti</i> to grant freedom to a slave J.V,313; VI,389,546; DhA.I,19; ThA.200.-- f.<i>bhujissā</i> Vin.II,271 (in same sequence as bhujissa at Vin.I,93).-- 2.(adj.) freeing fr.slavery,productive of freedom D.II,80 (cp.Dial.II.80); III,245; S.II,70; IV,272; A.III,36,132,213; Vism.222 (with exegesis).Cp.bhoja &#38; bhojaka.<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> state of being freed fr.slavery,freedom ThA.200.(Page 506),8,1
  3506. 113524,en,15,bhukka,bhukka,Bhukka,Bhukka,(adj.) [fr.onomat.root <i>*</i><em>bhukk</em>,dialectical,cp.Prk.bhukkai to bark,bhukkiya barking,bhukkana dog (Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 209); the root <em>bhukk </em><i>(</i><em>bukk</em><i>)</i> is given by Hemacandra 4,98 in meaning “garjati" (see P.gajjati),cp.also Prk.bukkaṇa crow] barking,n.a barker,i.e.dog; only in redupl.intens.formation <i>bho-bhu-kka</i> (cp.E.bow-wow),lit.bhu-bhu-maker (:kka fr.<em>kṛ</em>?) J.VI,354 (C.:bhun-karaṇa).See also <i>bhussati</i>.(Page 506),6,1
  3507. 113544,en,15,bhukuti,bhūkuṭi,Bhūkuṭi,Bhūkuṭi,(f.) [a different spelling of bhakuṭi,q.v.-- Cp.Sk.bhṛkuti &#38; bhrukuṭi] frown,anger,superciliousness M.I,125 (v.l.bhakuṭi &#38; bhā°); J.V,296.(Page 507),7,1
  3508. 113550,en,15,bhuma,bhūma,Bhūma,Bhūma,(-°) [=bhūmi] 1.(lit.) ground,country,district S.III,5 (pacchā° the western district).-- 2.(fig.) ground,reason for,occasion; stage,step Sn.896 (avivāda° ground of harmony; according to SnA 557 Ep.of Nibbāna).(Page 508),5,1
  3509. 113566,en,15,bhumaka,bhūmaka,Bhūmaka,Bhūmaka,( &#38; °ika) (adj.) (only --°) [from bhūma,or bhūmi] 1.having floors or stories (of buildings) as <i>dve°</i> pāsāda DhA.I,414; <i>pañca°</i> pāsāda a palace with 5 stories J.I,58,89; <i>satta°</i> with 7 stories (pāsāda) DhA.II,1,260.The form <i>°ika</i> at DhA.I,182 (dve° geha).‹-› 2.belonging to a place or district,as jāti° from the land of (their) birth M.I,147; <i>pacchā°</i> from the western country S.IV,312 (brāhmaṇā).-- 3.being on a certain plane or in a certain state,as <i>paritta° </i>&<i> mahā°</i> Vbh.340 <i>te°</i> in 3 planes SnA 4 (of the 5 Khandhas),510 (°vaṭṭa); DhA.I,36 (kusala),305 (°vaṭṭa); IV,69 (tebhūmaka-vaṭṭa-saṅkhātaṃ Māra-bandhanaṃ),72 (dhammā); <i>catu°</i> in 4 planes DhsA.296 (kusala); DhA.I,35 (citta).The form <i>°ika</i> at DhA.I,288 (with ref.to citta).(Page 508),7,1
  3510. 113630,en,15,bhumi,bhūmi,Bhūmi,Bhūmi,(f.) [cp.Vedic bhūmi,Av.būmiš soil,ground,to <i>bhū</i>,as in bhavati,cp.Gr.fuζis etc.See bhavati] 1.(lit.) ground,soil,earth Vin.II,175; Sn.418 (yāna° carriage road); Pv.I,10<sup>14</sup>≈; SnA 353 (heṭṭhā-bhūmiyaṃ under the earth); DhA.I,414 (id.,opp.upari-bhūmiyaṃ).-- 2.place,quarter,district,region M.I,145 (jāti° district of one’s birth); Sn.830 (vighāta°); Nd<sup>2</sup> 475 (danta°); DhA.I,213 (āpāna°); PvA.80 (susāna°).--<i>uyyāna°</i> garden (-place or locality) Vv 64<sup>19</sup>; Pv.II,12<sup>9</sup>; J.I,58.-- 3.(fig.) ground,plane,stage,level; state of consciousness,Vin.I.17; Vbh.322 sq.; Vism.126,442 (with ref.to the 4 Paṭisambhidā,as sekha-bhūmi &#38; asekha-bhūmi),517 (paññā°-niddesa).Usually --°:indriya° Nett 192; dassana° plane of insight Nett 8,14,50; sukha° ground for happiness Dhs.984 (cp.DhsA.214).--<i>bhūmi-ttaya</i> the 3 stages,viz.kāmâvacara,rūpâvacara,lokuttara Vism.493.-- pl.<i>bhūmiyo</i> Ps.II,205=Vism.384 (appl<sup>d</sup> to the 4 jhānas); purisa° (aṭṭha p.bh.eight stages of the individual; viz.manda-bhūmi,khiḍḍā°,vīmaṃsana°,ujugata°,sekha°,samaṇa°,jina°,panna°,or as trsl<sup>d</sup> by Rh.D.in Dial.I.72,under “eight stages of a prophet’s existence"; babyhood,playtime,trial time,erect time,learning time,ascetic time,prophet time &#38; prostrate time.Cp.the 10 decades of man’s life,as given by Bdhgh at Vism.619).-- Bdhgh,when defining the 2 meanings of bhūmi as “mahā-paṭhavī" and as “cittuppāda" (rise of thought) had in view the distinction between its literal &#38; figurative meaning.But this def.(at DhsA.214) is vague &#38; only popular.-- An old Loc.of bhūmi is <i>bhumyā</i>,e.g.J.I,507; V,84.Another form of bhūmi at end of cpds.is <i>bhūma</i> (q.v.).<br><br> <i>--kampa</i> shaking of the ground,earthquake Miln.178.<i>--gata</i> “gone into the soil," i.e.hiding,stored away J.I,375.<i>--ghana</i> thick soil SnA 149,cp.paṭhavi-ghana ibid.146.<i>--tala</i> ground (-surface) PvA.186.<i>--padesa</i> place or region upon the earth J.VI,95.<i>--pappaṭaka</i> outgrowths in the soil D.III,87=Vism.418.<i>--pothana</i> beating the ground DhA.I,171.<i>--bhāga</i> division of the earth,district J.I,109; V,200; VvA.125; PvA.29,154.<i>–laddh’</i>(uppanna) acquired on a certain stage of existence SnA 4.<i>--saya</i> lying or sleeping on the ground DhA.II,61.(Page 508),5,1
  3511. 113877,en,15,bhumma,bhumma,Bhumma,Bhumma,(adj.-n.) [fr.bhūmi,Vedic bhūmya] 1.belonging to the earth,earthly,terrestrial; nt.soil,ground,floor Sn.222 (bhūtāni bhummāni earthly creatures,contrasted with creatures in the air,antalikkhe),236 (id.); Sdhp.420 (sabba-bhummā khattiyā).pl.<i>bhummā</i> the earthly ones,i.e.the gods inhabiting the earth,esp.tree gods (Yakkhas) Vv 84<sup>2</sup> (=bhumma-deva VvA.334).-- nt.ground:Pv.II,10<sup>2</sup> (yāva bhummā down to the ground); v.l.BB bhūm(i).-- 2.the locative case KhA 106,111,224; SnA 140,210,321,433; PvA.33.<br><br> <i>--attharaṇa</i> “earth-spread," a ground covering,mat,carpet Vin.I,48; II,208; IV,279.<i>--antara</i> “earth-occasion," i.e.(1) sphere of the earth,plane of existence Miln.163; DhsA.296.-- (2) in °pariccheda discussion concerning the earth,i.e.cosmogony DhsA.3.<i>--antalikkha</i> earthly and celestial,over earth &#38; sky (of portents) Miln.178.The form would correspond to Sk.*bhaum-āntarīkṣa.<i>--jāla</i> “terrestrial net (of insight) gift of clear sight extending over the globe (perhaps to find hidden treasures) SnA 353 (term of a vijjā,science or magic art).Cp.bhūrikamma &#38; bhūrivijjā.--<i>ṭṭha</i> (a) put into the earth,being in the earth,found on or in the earth,earthly Vin.III,47.(b) standing on the earth Dh.28.-- (c) resting on the earth Miln.181.Also as °ka living on earth,earthly (of gods) J.III,87.<i>--deva</i> a terrestrial deva or fairy A.IV,118; Ps.II,149; VbhA.12; DhA.I,156; VvA.334; PvA.5,43,55,215,277.<i>--devatā</i>=°deva J.IV,287 (=yakkha); KhA 120.(Page 506),6,1
  3512. 113961,en,15,bhummi,bhummi,Bhummi,Bhummi,<sup>2</sup> [old Voc.of bhumma] a Voc.of friendly address “my (dear) man" (lit.terrestrial) Vin.II,304 (=piyavacanaṃ Bdhgh).(Page 507),6,1
  3513. 113962,en,15,bhummi,bhummi,Bhummi,Bhummi,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [fr.bhumma] that which belongs to the ground,i.e.a plane (of existence),soil,stage (as t.t.in philosophy) DhsA.277 (°y-āpatti),339 (id.),985 (dukkha°),1368,1374 sq.(see Dhs.trsl.<sup>2</sup> 231).(Page 507),6,1
  3514. 113984,en,15,bhunaha,bhūnaha,Bhūnaha,Bhūnaha,[difficult to expl<sup>n</sup>; is it an old misspelling for bhūta+<em>gha</em>? The latter of <em>han</em>?] a destroyer of beings Sn.664 (Voc.bhūnahu,expl<sup>d</sup> by SnA 479 as “bhūti-hanaka vuddhi-nāsaka"; vv.ll.bhūnahaṭa,bhūnahoṭa,bhūhata,all showing the difficulty of the archaic word); J.V,266 (pl.bhūnahuno,expl<sup>d</sup> by C.272 as “isīnaṃ ativattāro attano vaḍḍhiyā hatattā bh.").Cp.M.I,502 (“puritanical" suggested by Lord Chalmers).(Page 508),7,1
  3515. 114014,en,15,bhunjaka,bhuñjaka,Bhuñjaka,Bhuñjaka,(adj.) [fr.bhuñjati<sup>1</sup>] eating,one who eats or enjoys,in <i>°sammuti</i> definition of “eater," speaking of an eater,declaration or statement of eating VbhA.164.(Page 506),8,1
  3516. 114034,en,15,bhunjana,bhuñjana,Bhuñjana,Bhuñjana,(nt.) [fr.bhuñjati<sup>1</sup>] taking food,act of eating,feasting J.IV,371 (°kāraṇa); PvA.184. <i>--kāla</i> meal-time DhA.I,346.(Page 506),8,1
  3517. 114144,en,15,bhunjati,bhuñjati,Bhuñjati,Bhuñjati,<sup>2</sup><i> </i>[<em>bhuj</em> to purify,cleanse,sift,not given in this meaning by the Dhātupāṭha.Cp.Av.buxti purification <i>buj</i> to clean,also Lat.fungor (to get through or rid of,cp.E.function),Goth.us-baugjan to sweep; P.paribhuñjati 2,paribhojaniya &#38; vinibbhujati.See Kern,Toev.p.104,s.v.bhujissa] to clean,purify,cleanse:see bhuja<sup>2</sup> and bhujissa,also bhoja &#38; bhojaka.(Page 506),8,1
  3518. 114145,en,15,bhunjati,bhuñjati,Bhuñjati,Bhuñjati,<sup>1</sup><i> </i>[<em>bhuj</em> to Lat.fruor,frūx=E.fruit,frugal etc.; Goth.brūkjan=As.brūkan=Ger.brauchen.The Dhtp 379 ( &#38; Dhtm 613) expl<sup>ns</sup> <em>bhuj</em> by “pālan’ajjhohāresu," i.e.eating &#38; drinking for the purpose of living] to eat (in general),to enjoy,make use of,take advantage of,use Sn.102,240,259,619; Dh.324; Pug.55.Pot.<i>bhuñjeyya</i> Sn.400; Dh.308,2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>bhuñjetha</i> Dh.70; Mhvs 25,113.Imper.2<sup>nd</sup> med.<i>bhuñjassa</i> S.V,53; 3<sup>rd</sup> act.bhuñjatu S.I,141; Sn.479; bhuñjassu Sn.421; ppr.<i>bhuñjanto</i> J.III,277:<i>bhuñjamāna</i> Th.1,12; Sn.240.Fut.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>bhokkhaṃ</i> [Sk.bhoksyāmi] J.IV,117.Aor.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>bhuñjiṃ Miln.</i>47; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>bhuñji</i> J.IV,370; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>abhuñjiṃsu</i> Th.1,922; <i>abhuñjisuṃ</i> Mhvs 7,25.Ger.<i>bhutvā</i> J.III,53 (=bhuñjitvā C.); DhA.I,182; <i>bhutvāna</i> Sn.128.Grd.<i>bhuñjitabba</i> Mhvs 5,127.Inf.<i>bhottuñ</i>:see ava°.‹-› pp.<i>bhutta</i>.-- Caus.<i>bhojeti</i> (q.v.).Cp.bhoga,bhojana,bhojanīya,bhojja; also Desid.pp.bubbhukkhita; &#38; ābhuñjati.(Page 506),8,1
  3519. 114267,en,15,bhunkarana,bhuṅkaraṇa,Bhuṅkaraṇa,Bhuṅkaraṇa,(adj.-nt.) [bhu+<em>kṛ</em>,see bhukka] making “bhu," i.e.bow-wow,barking J.VI,355 (°sunakha); v.l.bhu-bhukka-sadda-karaṇa.(Page 506),10,1
  3520. 114306,en,15,bhuri,bhūri,Bhūri,Bhūri,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [cp.Vedic bhūri] wide,extensive,much,abundant,DhsA.147 (in def.of the term bhūri<sup>1</sup>,i.e.earth); otherwise only in cpds.:<i>°pañña</i> (adj.) of extensive wisdom,very wise S.IV,205; Sn.346,792,1097,1143; Pv III,5<sup>5</sup>; Ps.II,197 (“paṭhavī-samāya vitthatāya vipulāya paññāya samannāgato ti bhūripañño," with other definitions); Nd<sup>1</sup> 95 (same expl<sup>n</sup> as under Ps.II,197); Nd<sup>2</sup> 415 C.(id.).<i>°paññāṇa (adj</i>.<i>)</i> same as °pañña Sn.1136 ≈ (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 480).<i>°medhasa</i> (adj.) very intelligent S.I,42,174; III,143; A.IV,449; Sn.1131,1136; Th.1,1266; Pv III,7<sup>7</sup>.(Page 508),5,1
  3521. 114307,en,15,bhuri,bhūri,Bhūri,Bhūri,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [cp.late Sk.bhūr] the earth; given as name for the earth (paṭhavi) at Ps.II,197; see also def.at DhsA.147.Besides these only in 2 doubtful cpds.,both resting on demonology,viz.<i>bhūrikamma</i> D.I,12,expl<sup>d</sup> as “practices to be observed by one living in a bhūrighara or earth-house" (?) DA.I,97,but cp.Vedic bhūri-karman “much effecting"; and <i>bhūrivijjā</i> D.I,9,expl<sup>d</sup> as “knowledge of charms to be pronounced by one living in an earth-house" (?) DA.I,93.See Dial.I.18,25.The meaning of the terms is obscure; there may have been (as Kern rightly suggests:see Toev.s.v.) quite a diff.popular practice behind them,which was unknown to the later Commentator.Kern suggests that <i>bhūri-vijjā</i> might be a secret science to find gold (digging for it:science of hidden treasures),and <i>°kamma</i> might be “making gold" (alchemistic science).Perhaps the term <i>bhumma-jāla</i> is to be connected with these two.(Page 508),5,1
  3522. 114316,en,15,bhuri,bhūrī,Bhūrī,Bhūrī,(f.) [is it original? Cp.BSk.bhūri in same sense at Lal.V,444,541; MVastu III,332] knowledge,understanding,intelligence Dh.282,quoted at DhsA.76 (expl<sup>d</sup> as termed so because it is as widespread as the earth; Dhs.16; DhA.III,421; same expl<sup>n</sup> at DhsA.148); J.VI,415.(Page 508),5,1
  3523. 114388,en,15,bhusa,bhusa,Bhusa,Bhusa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [cp.Vedic bhṛśa] strong,mighty,great Dh.339 (taṇhā=balavā DhA.IV,48); J.V,361 (daṇḍa= <i>daḷha</i>,<i> balavā</i> C.).-- nt.<i>bhusaṃ</i> (adv.) much,exceedingly,greatly,vehemently.In cpds.bhusaṃ° &#38; bhusa°.-- S.I,69; J.III,441; IV,11; V,203 (bhusa-dassaneyya); VI,192; Vv 6<sup>9</sup>; Pv 3<sup>38</sup>; IV,7<sup>7</sup>; Miln.346; SnA 107 (“verbum intensivum"); Sdhp.289.(Page 507),5,1
  3524. 114389,en,15,bhusa,bhusa,Bhusa,Bhusa,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Vedic busa (nt.) &#38; buśa (m.)] chaff,husks A.I,241 (<i>°āgāra</i> chaff-house); Dh.252 (opuṇāti bhusaṃ to sift husks); Ud.78; Pv III,4<sup>1</sup>; III,10<sup>7</sup>; VvA.47 (tiṇa° litter).(Page 507),5,1
  3525. 114396,en,15,bhusa,bhūsā,Bhūsā,Bhūsā,(f.) [fr.<em>bhūṣ</em>] ornament,decoration,only in cpd.bhūsa- (read bhūsā-)dassaneyya beautiful as an ornament Pv III,3<sup>2</sup>.(Page 508),5,1
  3526. 114423,en,15,bhusana,bhūsana,Bhūsana,Bhūsana,(nt.) [fr.<em>bhūṣ</em>] ornament,decoration Vism.10 (yatino-sīla-bhūsana-bhūsitā contrasted to rājāno muttāmaṇi-vibhūsitā).(Page 508),7,1
  3527. 114458,en,15,bhusati,bhusati,Bhusati,Bhusati,Bhussati [perhaps a legitimate form for Sk.bhaṣate (see P.bhasati),with u for a,so that the suggested correction of bhusati to bhasati (see under bhasati) is unfounded] to bark DA.I,317 (bhusati; vv.ll.bhussati &#38; bhūsati); DhA.I,171,172.-- See also <i>bhasati </i>&<i> bhukka;</i> -- pp.<i>bhusita</i>.(Page 507),7,1
  3528. 114477,en,15,bhuseti,bhuseti,Bhuseti,Bhuseti,[denom.fr.bhusa<sup>2</sup>=*bhṛśayati; but not certain,may have to be read bhūseti,to endeavour,cp.Sk.bhūṣati] to make strong,to cause to grow (?) J.V,218 (C.expl<sup>ns</sup> by “bhusaṃ karoti,vaḍḍheti" p.224).(Page 507),7,1
  3529. 114483,en,15,bhuseti,bhūseti,Bhūseti,Bhūseti,[Caus.of <em>bhūṣ</em>,to be busy; in meaning “to adorn" etc.Expl<sup>d</sup> at Dhtp.315,623 by <i>“alaṅkāra"</i>] to adorn,embellish,beautify.Only in pp.<i>bhūsita</i> adorned with (-°) Pv.II,9<sup>52</sup>,12<sup>7</sup>; III,3<sup>5</sup>; J.VI,53.Cp.vi°.(Page 508),7,1
  3530. 114492,en,15,bhusika,bhusikā,Bhusikā,Bhusikā,(f.) [fr.bhusa<sup>1</sup>] chaff A.I,242; Vin.II,181.(Page 507),7,1
  3531. 114495,en,15,bhusita,bhusita,Bhusita,Bhusita,[pp.of bhusati] barking J.IV,182 (°sadda,barking,noise).See also <i>bhasita</i>.(Page 507),7,1
  3532. 114531,en,15,bhuta,bhūta,Bhūta,Bhūta,[pp.of bhavati,Vedic etc.bhūta] grown,become; born,produced; nature as the result of becoming.‹-› The (exegetical) definition by Bdhgh of the word <i>bhūta</i> is interesting.He (at MA.I,31) distinguishes the foll.7 meanings of the term:(1) animate Nature as principle,or the vital aggregates (the 5 Khandhas),with ref.M.I,260; (2) ghosts (amanussā) Sn.222; (3) inanimate Nature as principle,or the Elements (the 4 dhātus) S.III,101 (mahābhūtā); (4) all that exists,physical existence in general (vijjamānaṃ) Vin.IV,25 (bhūtaṃ); (5) what we should call a simple predicative use,is exemplified by a typical dogmatic example,viz.“kālaghaso bhūto," where bhūta is given as meaning khīṇāsava (Arahant) J.II,260; (6) all beings or specified existence,animal kingdom (sattā) D.II,157; (7) the vegetable kingdom,plants,vegetation (rukkh’ādayo) Vin.IV,34 (as bhūta-gāma).-- Meanings:1.<i>bhūtā </i>&<i> bhūtāni</i> (pl.) beings,living beings,animate Nature Sn.35 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 479 as 2 kinds,viz.tasā &#38; thāvarā,movable &#38; immovable; S.II.47 (K.S.II.36) mind and body as come-to-be; Dh.131 (bhūtāni),405; M.I,2 sq.(paṭhavī,āpo etc.,bhūtā,devā,Pajāpatī etc.),4; MA.I,32.The pl.nt.<i>bhūtāni</i> is used as pl.to meaning 2; viz.inanimate Nature,elements,usually enum<sup>d</sup> under term mahā-bhūtāni.-- 2.(nt.) nature,creation,world M.I,2 (bhūte bhūtato sañjānāti recognises the beings from nature,i.e.from the fact of being nature); DhsA.312 (°pasāda-lakkhaṇa,see Expos.409).See cpds.<i>°gāma</i>,°pubba (?).-- 3.(nt.adj.) that which is,i.e.natural,genuine,true; nt.truth; neg.<i>abhūta</i> falsehood,lie Sn.397; PvA.34.See cpds.°bhāva,°vacana,°vāda.-- 4.a supernatural being,ghost,demon,Yakkha; pl.<i>bhūtā</i> guardian genii (of a city) J.IV,245.See cpds.°vijja,°vejja.-- 5.(-°) pp.in predicative use (cp.on this meaning Bdhgh’s meaning No.5,above):(a) what has been or happened; viz.mātu-bhūtā having been his mother PvA.78; abhūtapubbaṃ bhūtaṃ what has never happened before happened (now) DA.I,43 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of abbhuta); -- (b) having become such &#38; such,being like,acting as,being,quâsi (as it were),consisting of,e.g.andha° blind,as it were J.VI,139; aru° consisting of wounds DhA.III,109; udapāna° being a well,a well so to speak PvA.78; opāna° acting as a spring A.IV,185; hetu° as reason,being the reason PvA.58; cp.cakkhu° having become an eye of wisdom.Sometimes bhūta in this use hardly needs to be translated at all.<br><br> <i>--kāya</i> body of truth DhA.I,11.--gāma vegetation,as trees,plants,grass,etc.Under bhūtagāma Bdhgh understands the 5 bīja-jātāni (5 groups of plants springing from a germinative power:see bīja),viz.mūla-bījaṃ,khandha°,phala°,agga°,bīja°.Thus in C.on Vin.IV,34 (the so-called bhūtagāma-sikkhāpada,quoted at DhA.III,302 &#38; SnA 3); cp.M.III,34; J.V,46; Miln.3,244.<i>--gāha</i> possession by a demon Miln.168 (cp.Divy 235).<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> place of a ghost KhA 170.<i>--pati</i> (a) lord of beings J.V,113 (of Inda); VI,362 (id.); Vv 64<sup>1</sup> (id.).(b) lord of ghosts,or Yakkhas J.VI,269 (of Kuvera).<i>--pubba</i> (a) as adj.(-°) having formerly been so &#38; so,as mātā bhūtapubbo satto,pitā etc.,in untraced quotation at Vism.305; also at SnA 359 (Bhagavā kuṇāla-rājā bhūtapubbo).-- (b) as adv.(bhūtapubbaṃ) meaning:before all happening,before creation,at a very remote stage of the world,in old times,formerly Vin.II,201; D.I,92; II,167,285,337; M.I,253; III,176; S.I,216,222,227; IV,201; V,447; A.IV,136=Vism.237; A.IV,432; J.I,394; DhA.I,56.<i>--bhavya</i> past and future D.I,18.<i>--bhāva</i> truthful character,neg.a° PvA.14.<i>--vacana</i> statement of reality or of the truth SnA 336.<i>--vādin</i> truthful,speaking the truth M.I,180; D.III,175; Pug.58; <i>a°</i> untruthful Dh.306; J.II,416.<i>--vikāra</i> a natural blemish,fault of growth,deformity SnA 189 (opp.nibbikāra).<i>--vijjā</i> knowledge of demons,exorcism D.I,9; Dh.I,93,cp.Dial.I.17).<i>--vejja</i> a healer of harm caused by demons,an exorcist Vin.IV,84; J.II,215; III,511; Miln.23.(Page 507),5,1
  3533. 114668,en,15,bhutanaka,bhūtanaka,Bhūtanaka,Bhūtanaka,[cp.*Sk.bhūtṛna] a fragrant grass; Andropogon schœnanthus J.VI,36 (=phanijjaka); Vism.543 (so v.l.for T.bhūtinaka).(Page 508),9,1
  3534. 114804,en,15,bhutatta,bhūtatta,Bhūtatta,Bhūtatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.bhūta] the fact of having grown,become or being created (i.e.being creatures or part of creation) Vism.310 (in def.of bhūtā); MA.I,32 (id.).(Page 508),8,1
  3535. 114934,en,15,bhutika,bhūtika,Bhūtika,Bhūtika,(adj.) (-°) in cpd.cātummahā° belongs to the whole expression,viz.composed of the 4 great elements M.I,515.(Page 508),7,1
  3536. 114964,en,15,bhutta,bhutta,Bhutta,Bhutta,[pp.of bhuñjati<sup>1</sup>; Sk.bhukta] 1.(Pass.) eaten,being eaten Sn.p.15; Dh.308; impers.eating Vin.IV,82 (bhuttaṃ hoti).Also <i>°geha</i> eating house J.V,290,and in phrase <i>yathā-bhuttaṃ bhuñjatha</i> “eat according to eating," i.e.as ought to be eaten,eating in moderation D.II,173 (where Rh.D.,Dial.II.203,trsl<sup>s</sup> “ye shall eat as ye have eaten")=III,62,63 (where Rh.D.,Dial.III,64 trsl<sup>s</sup> “enjoy your possessions as you have been wont to do"; see note ibid.).We should favour a translation in the first sense.--<i>dubbhuttaṃ</i>,indigestible.--2.(Med.cp.bhuttar) having eaten,one who has eaten Miln.370 (sace bhutto bhaveyy’âhaṃ); also in phrase <i>bhutta-pātar-āsa</i> after having eaten breakfast J.II,273; DhA.IV,226.<br><br> <i>--âvasesa</i> the remainder of a meal Vin.II,216.(Page 506),6,1
  3537. 115014,en,15,bhuttar,bhuttar,Bhuttar,Bhuttar,[n.ag.fr.<em>bhuj</em>,cp.Sk.bhoktṛ already Vedic &#38; Epic] one who eats or has eaten,or enjoys (cp.bhutta 2) J.V,465 (ahaṃ bhuttā bhakkhaṃ ras’uttamaṃ).(Page 506),7,1
  3538. 115033,en,15,bhuttavant,bhuttavant,Bhuttavant,Bhuttavant,(adj.) [bhutta+vant] having eaten,one who has eaten J.V,170 (=kata-bhatta-kicca); VvA.244.(Page 506),10,1
  3539. 115056,en,15,bhuttavin,bhuttāvin,Bhuttāvin,Bhuttāvin,(adj.) [bhutta+suffix °āvin,corresponding to Vedic °āyin] having eaten,one who has had a meal; Nom.sg.<i>bhuttāvī</i> Vin.IV,82; Miln.15 (+onīta-pattapāṇi); PvA.23 (+pavārita); SnA 58; Instr.<i>bhuttāvinā</i> Vin.IV,82; Gen.Dat.<i>bhuttavissa</i> D.II,195.Acc.<i>bhuttāviṃ</i> Vin.I,213; Sn.p.111 (+onīta-pattapāṇiṃ); J.V,170; Nom.pl.<i>bhuttāvī</i> Vin.IV,81, &#38; <i>bhuttāvino</i> S.IV,289.(Page 506),9,1
  3540. 115142,en,15,bhuvi,bhuvi,Bhuvi,Bhuvi,see <i>bhū</i>.(Page 507),5,1
  3541. 115148,en,15,bhuyya,bhuyya,Bhuyya,Bhuyya,the regular P.representative of Sk.bhūyas (compar.); for which usually <i>bhiyya</i> (q.v.).Only in cpd.yebhuyyena (q.v.).(Page 507),6,1
  3542. 115160,en,15,bibhaccha,bībhaccha,Bībhaccha,Bībhaccha,(adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.bībhatsa,bībhatsate to feel disgust.Not a des.fr.bādhate:see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.fastidium] disgusting,awful,horrible,dreadful J.II,276; IV,71 (°vaṇṇa),Sdhp.603.°dassana a disgusting sight,horrible to behold J.I,171; PvA.32,56,68,99 (:all with ref.to Petas).-- The spelling bhībhaccha (after bhī) is sometimes found,e.g.at J.I,61; IV,491; V,42.(Page 488),9,1
  3543. 115188,en,15,bidala,bidala,Bidala,Bidala,(adj.n.) [cp.Sk.vidala in same meaning,fr.vi+<em>dal</em>] 1.a kind of pulse,split pea J.IV,353 (=mugga),in °sūpa haricot soup J.IV,352.-- 2.a split bamboo cane,in °mañcaka a bedstead made of laths of split bamboo,the use of which is given as one of the characteristic features of the ascetic life Vin.II,149; J.I,9; DhA.I,135.(Page 487),6,1
  3544. 115209,en,15,bija,bīja,Bīja,Bīja,(nt.) [cp.Vedic bīja] 1.seed,germ,semen,spawn.Used very frequently in figurative sense:see on similes J.P.T.S.1907,116.-- D.I,135 (°bhatta seed-corn &#38; food); III,44 (the five kinds:see below under °gāma); M.I,457; S.I,21,134,172,227; III,54,91; IV,315; A.I,32 (ucchu°),135,223,229,239; III,404; IV,237; V,213 (ucchu°); Sn.77 (saddhā bījaṃ tapo vuṭṭhi,cp.SnA 142 sq.,where a detailed discussion on bīja is found),209,235 (khīṇa° adj.fig.); J.I,242 (tiṇa°-ādīni grass and other seeds),281; Pv.I,11; Vism.555 (in simile); KhA 194 (on Sn.235,in another comparison); Sdhp.24,270 sq.,318.nibbatta° (or nivatta°) (adj.) that which has dropped its seed (hence a lawful food) Vin.I,215,cp.II.109; IV,35.-- 2.element,in udaka° whose element is the water J.VI,160. --gāma seed-group,seed-kingdom,seed-creation (opp.bhūta-gāma).There are 5 kinds of seeds usually enumd,e.g.at D.I,5 (expld at DA.I,77,trsln at Dial.I.6 and passim),viz.mūla°,khandha°,phalu°,agga°,bija°,or plants propagated by roots,cuttings,joints,buddings,shoots,seeds (Dial.III,40:tubers,shoots,berries,joints,seeds).The same set occurs at D.III,44,47; Vin.IV,34; SnA 144.-- Without ref.to the 5 kinds at M.III,34; S.V,46; Miln.33.--jāta species of seed S.III,54.--bīja one of the 5 groups of edible or useful plants,falling under bījagāma.It is expld at Vin.IV,35 &#38; DA.I,81 by the terms pubbaṇṇa (i.e.the seven dhaññāni or grains,sāli,vīhi,yava,godhūma,kaṅgu,varaka,kudrūsa) and aparaṇṇa (i.e.beans and other leguminous plants,and gourds such as mugga,māsa,tila,kulattha,alābu,kumbhaṇḍa).--sakaṭa a cart (-load) of seeds SnA 137.(Page 488),4,1
  3545. 115267,en,15,bijaka,bījaka,Bījaka,Bījaka,[fr.bīja] scion,offspring Vin.III,18.--nīla° a waterplant Vin.III,276 (C.on Vin.III,177).(Page 488),6,1
  3546. 115419,en,15,bijati,bījati,Bījati,Bījati, &#38; Bījanī are by-forms of vījati &#38; vījanī (q.v.).(Page 488),6,1
  3547. 115458,en,15,bijin,bījin,Bījin,Bījin,(-°) (adj.) [fr.bīja] having seed,only in cpd.eka° having one seed (for only one future life) left A.I,233; S.V,205; Nett 189,cp.A.IV.380; Kvu II.471,see also KvuA in J.P.T.S.1889,137.(Page 488),5,1
  3548. 115491,en,15,bila,bila,Bila,Bila,<sup>3</sup> [cp.Sk.viḍa] a kind of salt Vin.I,202; M.II,178,181.(Page 487),4,1
  3549. 115492,en,15,bila,bila,Bila,Bila,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [identical with bila1] a part,bit J.VI,153 (°sataṃ 100 pieces); Abl.bilaso (adv.) bit by bit M.I,58=III,91 (v.l.vilaso).At J.V,90 in cpd.migābilaṃ (maṃsaṃ) it is doubtful whether we should read mig’ābilaṃ (thus,as we have done,taking ābila=āvila),or migā-bilaṃ with a lengthened metri causâ,as the C.seems to take it (migehi khādita-maṃsato atirittaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ). --kata cut into pieces,made into bits J.V,266 (read macchā bilakatā yathā for macchābhīlā katā y.).The C.here (p.272) expls as koṭṭhāsa-kata; at J.VI,111 however the same phrase is interpreted as puñja-kata,i.e.thrown into a heap (like fish caught by a fisherman in nets).Both passages are applied to fish and refer to tortures in Niraya.(Page 487),4,1
  3550. 115493,en,15,bila,bila,Bila,Bila,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic bila,perhaps fr.<em>bhid</em> to break,cp.K.Z.12,123.Thus already expld by Dhtp 489:bila bhedane] a hole,den,cave A.II,33=S.III,85; Th.1,189; Nd1 362; J.I,480; II,53; VI,574 (=guhā C.); Miln.151; Sdhp.23.--kaṇṇa° orifice of the ear Vism.195; vammīka° ant’s nest J.IV,30; sota°=kaṇṇa° DhsA.310. --āsaya (adj.) living in holes,a cave-dweller,one of the four classes of animals (bil°,dak°,van°,rukkh°) S.III,85=A.II,33; Nd1 362; Bu II.97; J.I,18.(Page 487),4,1
  3551. 115517,en,15,bilala,biḷāla,Biḷāla,Biḷāla,<sup>2</sup> [see bila3] a kind of salt Abhp 461.(Page 488),6,1
  3552. 115518,en,15,bilala,biḷāla,Biḷāla,Biḷāla,<sup>1</sup> [see biḷāra] a cat J.I,110; II,244; VI,593.pakkha a flying fox J.VI,538.(Page 488),6,1
  3553. 115550,en,15,bilali,biḷālī,Biḷālī,Biḷālī,(f.) [f.of biḷāla=biḷāra,cp.Sk.biḍālī,also N.of a plant,see on Prk.chira-birālī=Sk.kṣīra-biḍālī Pischel Gr.§ 241] a bulbous plant,a tuber J.IV,46 (=°vallīkanda,cp.gloss latātanta on kalamba),371 (=°kanda Com.p.373); VI,578.Cp.takkaḷa.(Page 488),6,1
  3554. 115569,en,15,bilanga,bilaṅga,Bilaṅga,Bilaṅga,[etym.doubtful; one compares both Sk.viḍaṅga the plant Embelia ribes,and vilaṅga the plant Erycibe paniculata] sour gruel J.VI,365 (=kañjiya); usually in stock phrase kaṇājaka bilaṅga-dutiya (seed-cake?) accompanied by sour gruel Vin.II,77,78; S.I,90; A.I,145; IV,392; J.I,228; III,299; SnA 94; DhA.III,10 (v.l.pilaṅka-°akaṃ); IV,77; VvA.222,298 (bilaṅka°). --thālika a certain torture,called “gruel-pot" (should there be any relation to bila-kata under bila2?) A.I,47; II,122; Nd2 604 (v.l.khil°); Miln.197,290,358 (all passages in standard setting).(Page 487),7,1
  3555. 115596,en,15,bilangika,bilaṅgika,Bilaṅgika,Bilaṅgika,(adj.) living on sour gruel; N.of a class of brāhmaṇas at Rājagaha S.I,164.(Page 487),9,1
  3556. 115615,en,15,bilara,biḷāra,Biḷāra,Biḷāra,[etym.uncertain,prob.a loan-word; cp.late Sk.biḍāla &#38; see also P.biḷāla.The Prk.forms are birāla &#38; virāla,f.birālī] a cat D.II,83; M.I,128,334; S.II,270; A.III,122 (viḷāra); V,202,289; Th.1,1138; J.I,461 (as representing deceit),480; V,406,416,418; Miln.118; DhA.II,152; PugA 225.On biḷāra in similes cp.J.P.T.S.1907,116. --nissakkana (-matta) (large enough) for a cat to creep through A.V,195.--bhastā (a bag of) catskin M.I,128 (expld by Bdhgh as “biḷāra-camma-pasibbako"); Th.1,1138.At both passages in similes.(Page 488),6,1
  3557. 115652,en,15,bilarika,biḷārikā,Biḷārikā,Biḷārikā,(f.) [cp.Sk.biḍālikā] a she-cat J.III,265.(Page 488),8,1
  3558. 115684,en,15,bilibilika,biḷibiḷikā,Biḷibiḷikā,Biḷibiḷikā,(f.) [onomat.cp.E.babble] tittle-tattle S.I,200= Th.1,119.Mrs.Rh.D.(Brethren 106 n.) trsl “finglefangle," noting the commentator’s paraphrase “vilivilikriyā" (lit.sticky-sticky-action?).(Page 488),10,1
  3559. 115696,en,15,billa,billa,Billa,Billa,[cp.Ved.bilva] fruit of the Bilva tree,Aegle marmelos or Bengal quince,only in one stock phrase where its size is compared with sizes of smaller fruits,and where it is preceded by āmalaka S.I,150=A.IV,170 (vv.ll.villa,bila,beḷu,bilāla)=Sn.p.125 (vv.ll.pillā billā,billa; T.reading after SS billi).Cp.derivations bella &#38; beluva.(Page 487),5,1
  3560. 115720,en,15,bimba,bimba,Bimba,Bimba,(nt.) [cp.Class.Sk.bimba] 1.shape,image (=paṭimā VvA.168) S.I,134 (trsl.“puppet"); V,217 (vimba); J.V,452.In phrase cittakataṃ bimbaṃ it refers to the human body (“the tricked-out puppet-shape" Brethren 303):M.II,64 = Th.1,769 = Dh.147=VvA.47,cp.DhA.III,109 (=attabhāva).-- 2.the red fruit of Momordica monadelpha,a species of Amaranth [cp.Sk.bimba &#38; bimbī,a kind of gourd] J.III,478; VI,457,591; Vv 366 (kañcana°-vaṇṇa of the colour of the golden Bimba Dhp.at VvA.168 takes it as bimba1=paṭimā; DhA.I,387 (°phala,with ref.to red lips).bimboṭṭha (f.°ī) (having) red lips J.III,477; VI,590 (nigrodhapatta-bimb’oṭṭhī) ThA.133 (Ap.V,57).The Sk.vimbī according to Halāyudha 2,48 is equal to oṣṭhī,a plant (Bryonia grandis?). --oṭṭhi see above 2.--ohana [second part either= *ūhana vāhana “carrying," or contracted form of odahana fr.ava+dhā,i.e.*odhana *ohana “putting down," or still more likely for ūhana as seen in ūhanati2 2 fr.ud+hṛ raising,lifting up] a pillow Vin.I,47 (bhisi°); II,76,150,208,200,218; III,90,119 (bhisi°); IV,279; S.II,268; A.III,240; VbhA.365; Vism.79.See also bhisi1.--jāla [BR.bimbajā?] the Bimba tree,Momordica monadelpha (lit.net of b.fruits) J.I,39; VI,497 (cp.p.498 ratt’aṅkura-rukkhaṃ probably with v.l.to be read ratta-kuravaka°,see bimbi-jāla); Bu XVI,19.(Page 487),5,1
  3561. 115744,en,15,bimbaka,bimbaka,Bimbaka,Bimbaka,=bimba<sup> 2</sup>; VvA.168.(Page 487),7,1
  3562. 115758,en,15,bimbi,bimbi,Bimbi,Bimbi,(or bimbī) [=Sk.bimbī,see bimba] gold,of golden colour DA.I,280=SnA 448 (in Bdhgh’s fanciful etym.of king Bimbisāra,viz.bimbī ti suvaṇṇaṃ,sārasuvaṇṇa-sadisa-vaṇṇatāya B.). --jāla the red amaranth tree,the Bodhi tree of the former Buddha Dhammadassin J.I,39; V,155.At J.VI,497,498 the form is bimbajāla.The C.expln gives ratta-kuravaka as a synonym.(Page 487),5,1
  3563. 115839,en,15,bindu,bindu,Bindu,Bindu,[cp.Vedic bindu &#38; vindu] 1.a drop,usually a drop of water Sn.392,812 (uda°); J.I,100; Vism.531 (madhu°); ThA.281; PvA.98 (udaka°).-- 2.a spot (cp.SBE XVII.155) Vism.222 (°vicitvā gāvī a spotted cow).‹-› 3.(as adj.) one of the eight qualities of perfect sound (brahma-ssara,with ref.to the voice of Brahmā and of Buddha,cp.aṭṭhaṅga),which are given at D.II,211= 227 as (saro hoti) vissaṭṭho ca viññeyyo ca mañjū ca savanīyo ca bindu [vv.ll.bandu &#38; bhindu] ca avisārī ca gambhīro ca ninnādī ca.We may translate by “full,close,compact" (Dial.II.245 “continuous").See also below °ssara. --tthanī having breasts round as a bubble J.V,215.--bindu(ṃ) drop by drop DA.I,218.--matī (f.) Np.of a courtesan of Pāṭaliputta in the time of Asoka Miln.121 sq.--matta measuring a drop,even a drop PvA.100,104 (eka °ṃ).--sāra Np.of king of India,father of Asoka Dpvs.V,101; VI,15; Mhvs.V,18,19.--ssara a full rounded voice Sn.350 (referred by SnA to a Mahāpurisa); adj.having a full voice (see above bindu 3) Pv III,34 (T.vindu°,BB bindu°; PvA.explns by avissaṭṭha-ssara sampiṇḍita-ssara,i.e.“continuous"); J.II,439 (=bindhunā avisaṭena piṇḍitena sarena samannāgata C.); V,204,299 (=sampiṇḍita-ghana-ssara); VI,518=581 (=piṇḍita-ssara C.).(Page 487),5,1
  3564. 115876,en,15,birana,bīraṇa,Bīraṇa,Bīraṇa,[cp.Sk.vīraṇa &#38; vīraṇī-mūla=uśīra Halāyudha 2,467] a fragrant grass,Andropogon muricatum S.III,137; (here represented as larger than the kusa &#38; babbaja grasses,smaller than a tree).(Page 488),6,1
  3565. 115930,en,15,bodha,bodha,Bodha,Bodha,<sup>2</sup> see pali°.(Page 491),5,1
  3566. 115931,en,15,bodha,bodha,Bodha,Bodha,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>budh</em>; the usual] form is sambodha=bodhi,viz.knowledge,wisdom,enlightenment,Buddhaship D.III,54 (v.l.sam°); DhsA.217; in phrase bodhāya maggo J.I,67; Miln.244,289; and in bodha-pakkhiyadhammā (for which usually bodhi°) SnA 164 (where given as 37); complementary to santi (arousing,soothing) Th.1,342.bodhaṅgama leading to enlightenment (dhammā) Nett 31,83 (v.l.bojjh°).(Page 491),5,1
  3567. 115953,en,15,bodhana,bodhana,Bodhana,Bodhana,(nt.) [fr.bodheti] 1.knowing Miln.168 (cp.S.V,83).-- 2.(adj.) enlightening,teaching Bu 26,22 (pacchima-jana°).(Page 491),7,1
  3568. 115977,en,15,bodhaneyya,bodhaneyya,Bodhaneyya,Bodhaneyya,(adj.) [fr.bodheti,see bodhanīya] capable of being enlightened,to be taught the truth Bu 2,195 (jana); Miln.169 (yena yogena bodhaneyyā sattā bujjhanti tena y.bodheti); otherwise in combn bodhaneyya-bandhavo the (Buddha’s) relations (or fellowmen) who are able to be enlightened J.I,345=DhA.I,367; J.V,335.(Page 491),10,1
  3569. 116008,en,15,bodhaniya,bodhanīya,Bodhanīya,Bodhanīya,(adj.) [grd.fr.bodheti] capable of being enlightened,worthy to be taught Bu 5,31.See also bodhaneyya.(Page 491),9,1
  3570. 116054,en,15,bodhetar,bodhetar,Bodhetar,Bodhetar,[n.ag.fr.bodheti] awakener,enlightener Nd1 457; Ps.I,174; Vism.209.(Page 491),8,1
  3571. 116060,en,15,bodheti,bodheti,Bodheti,Bodheti,[Caus.of bujjhati] 1.to awaken to the truth,to enlighten S.I,170; Bu II.195.aor.bodhesi Vism.209,abodhayi Bu II.196 &#38; bodhayi Bu V,31; XXV.6 inf.bodhuṃ:see bujjhati, &#38; bodhetuṃ J.IV,393.grd.bodhabba D.II,246; A.IV,136.-- 2.to make aware (of),to make known J.VI,412; SnA 444.(Page 491),7,1
  3572. 116093,en,15,bodhi,bodhi,Bodhi,Bodhi,<sup>2</sup> [=bodhi1] the tree of wisdom,the sacred Bo tree,the fig tree (Assattha,Ficus religiosa) under which Gotama Buddha arrived at perfect knowledge.The tree is near the spot where Buddhagāya is now,about 60 miles fr.Patna.It is regarded by pilgrims as the centre of the world (cp.pathavī-nābhi mahā-bodhimaṇḍo Mbvs 79).It is also spoken of as Mahābodhi (e.g.J.IV,228; Vism.403).-- Vism.72,299,342; DhA.I,105; ThA.62; VbhA.473. --aṅgaṇa the courtyard in which the Bo tree stands DA.I,191; Vism.188 (°vatta); VbhA.349.--tala “Bodhifoundation," i.e.the place or ground of the B.tree,otherwise bodhi-maṇḍa J.I,105; Mhbv 9; DhA.I,117.--pakka fruit of the Bo tree J.IV,229.--pādapa the Bodhi tree Mbhv 1.--pūjā veneration of,or offerings to the Bo tree Mhbv 81.--maṇḍa (for °maṇḍala) the ground under the Bodhi tree,hence the spot (or “throne"),on which the Buddha was seated at the time of attaining highest enlightenment.The term is only found in very late canonical and post-canonical literature.Bu II.65,183; Vism.203; J.IV,228,232; Mhbv 79; SnA 2,30,225,258,281,340,391,441; DhA.I,86; II,69; IV,72; ThA.2.Cp.BSk.bodhimaṇḍa Divy 392.--maha feast in honour of the Bo tree J.IV,229.--mūla the root or foot of the Bo tree SnA 32,391; cp.Bodhiyā mūle Nd1 172,458=Ps.I,174.--rukkha the Bodhi tree Vin.I,1.(Page 491),5,1
  3573. 116094,en,15,bodhi,bodhi,Bodhi,Bodhi,<sup>1 </sup>(f.) [fr.budh,cp.Vedic bodhin-manas having an attentive mind; RV V,75,5; VIII,82,18] (supreme) knowledge,enlightenment,the knowledge possessed by a Buddha (see also sambodhi &#38; sammā-sambodhi) M.I,356; II,95=D.III,237 (saddho hoti,saddahati Tathāgatassa bodhiṃ); D.III,159 (anuttaraṃ pappoti bodhiṃ),165 (id.); S.I,103,196; V,197 sq.; A.II,66; VbhA.310 (def.).Bodhi consists of 7 elements called bojjhaṅgā or sambojjhaṅgā,and is attained by the accomplishment of the perfections called bodhi-pācanā dhammā (see under cpds. &#38; cp.bodhi-pakkhiya-dhammā).The Buddha is said to have found the Path followed by former Buddhas,who “catusu satipaṭṭhānesu supatiṭṭhitacittā satta-bojjhaṅge yathābhūtaṃ bhāvetvā anuttaraṃ sammā-sambodhiṃ abhisambujjhiṃsu" S.V,160.The moment of supreme enlightenment is the moment when the Four Truths (ariya-saccāni) are grasped S.V,423.Bodhi is used to express the lofty knowledge of an ascetic (Bodhi-paribbājaka Np.J.V,229 sq.),and the stage of enlightenment of the Paccekabuddha (paccekabodhi J.III,348; pacceka-bodhi-ñāṇa J.IV,114; paccekasambodhi SnA 73),as distinguished from sammāsambodhi. --ṭṭhāna the state of Bodhi,state of enlightenment.Dpvs 2.61.--pakkhika=pakkhiya ( &#38; pakkhika,e.g.A.III,70=300; Th.1,900; cp.bodha°) belonging to enlightenment,usually referred to as the 37 bodhipakkhiyā dhammā qualities or items constituting or contributing to Bodhi,which are the same as enumd under bojjhaṅga (q.v.).They are enumd &#38; discussed at Vism.678 sq.and mentioned at many other passages of the Abhidhamma,e.g.Vbh.244,249; Nett 31,197,240,261; and in the Commentaries,e.g.J.I,275; III,290; V,483; DhA.I,230.When they are increased to 43 they include the above with the addition of aniccasaññā; dukkha°,anatta°,pahāna°,virāga°,nirodhasaññā,thus at Nett 112,237.In the older texts we do not find any numbered lists of the b.-p.-dhammā.At A.III,70 only indriyesu guttadvāratā,bhojane mattaññutā and jāgariy’ânuyoga are mentioned in connection with bodhipakkhikā dhammā in general.At S.V,227,239 sq.(so read in Vbh.preface XIV.for 327,337!) the term is applied to the 5 indriyas:saddh’indriyaṃ,viriy°,sati°,samādhi°,paññ°.A more detailed discussion of the bodhi-p-dhammā and their mention in the Piṭakas is found in Mrs.Rh.D.’s preface to the Vbh.edition,pp.xiv.-xvi.Of BSk.passage may be mentioned Divy 350 (saptatriṃśad-bodhi-pakṣān dharmān amukhī -- kṛtya pratyekāṃ bodhiṃ sākṣātkṛtavantah) &#38; 616 (bodhipakṣāṃs tān dharmān Bhagavān saṃprakāśayati sma).--paripāka the maturing of enlightenment Vism.116.--pācana ripening of knowledge (of a Buddha); adj.leading to enlightenment Bu II.121 sq.; Cp I.11 (cp.J.I,22).It is a late term.The b.dhammā are the 10 perfections (pāramiyo),i.e.dāna°,sīla°,nekkhamma°,paññā°,viriya°,khanti°,sacca°,adhiṭṭhāna°,mettā°,upekhā°.--satta (1) a “bodhi-being," i.e.a being destined to attain fullest enlightenment or Buddhaship.A Bodhisatta passes through many existences &#38; many stages of progress before the last birth in which he fulfils his great destiny.The “amhākaṃ Bodhisatto," or “our Bodhisatta" of the Buddhist Texts (e.g.Vism.419 (imasmiṃ kappe ayam eva Bhagavā Bodhisatta-bhūto); DA.I,259) refers to Gotama,whose previous existences are related in the Jātaka collection.These tales illustrate the wisdom &#38; goodness of the future Buddha,whether as an animal,a god,or a human being.In his last existence before attaining Buddhahood he is a man.Reference is made to a Bodhisatta or the B.at very many places throughout the Canon.See e.g.M.I,17,163,240; S.II,5; III,27; IV,233; V,263,281,317; A.II,130; III,240; IV,302,439; Vism.15,116,499; SnA 52 (pacceka°),67,72.-- (2) N.of the author of a Pali grammar,used by Kaccāyana (not extant):see Windisch,Proceedings of XIVth Or.Congress,Vol.I.290.--sambhāra (pl.) conditions (lit.materials) necessary for the attainment of bodhi J.I,1; VI,595; Mbvs 12.(Page 491),5,1
  3574. 116525,en,15,bojjha,bojjha,Bojjha,Bojjha,(nt.) [orig.grd.of bujjhati or bodheti] a matter to be known or understood,subject of knowledge or understanding Nett 20.(Page 490),6,1
  3575. 116541,en,15,bojjhanga,bojjhaṅga,Bojjhaṅga,Bojjhaṅga,[bodhi+aṅga; cp.BSk.bodhyaṅga,e.g.Lal.Vist.37,where the 7 are given at Divy 208] a factor or constituent of knowledge or wisdom.There are 7 bojjhaṅgas usually referred to or understood from the context.There are enumd at several places,e.g.at D.III,106,where they are mentioned in a list of qualities (dhammā) which contribute to the greatest happiness of gods and man,viz.the 4 satipaṭṭhānā,4 sammapadhānā,4 iddhipādā,5 indriyāni,5 balāni &#38; the 7 bojjhaṅgas and ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga,37 in all.The same list we find at Divy 208.-- The 7 b.(frequently also called sambojjhaṅgā) are sati,dhamma-vicaya,viriya,pīti,passaddhi,samādhi,upekhā or mindfulness,investigation of the Law,energy,rapture,repose,concentration and equanimity (DhsA.217,cp.Expositor II.294).-- D.II,79,83,120,303; III,101,128,284; M.I,11,61; II,12; III,85,275; S.I,54; V,82,110; A.I,14; IV,23; Nd1 14,45,171 (°kusala),341; Kvu I.158; Dhs.358,528,1354; Vbh.199 sq.,227 sq.; Vism.160; Miln.340; DhA.I,230; VbhA.120,310; ThA.27,50,160.They are counted among the 37 constituents of Arahantship,viz.the 30 above-mentioned qualities (counting magga as one),with addition of sīlesu paripūrikāritā,indriyesu gutta-dvāratā,bhojane mattaññutā,jāgariy’ânuyoga,sati-sampajaññaṃ (see e.g.Nd1 14; Nd2 s.v.satipaṭṭhāna &#38; sīla); cp.Th.1,161,162; Th.2,21 (maggā nibbāna-pattiyā); DhsA.217 (bodhāya saṃvattantī ti bojjhaṅgā etc.; also def.as “bodhissa aṅgo ti pi bojjhaṅgo sen’aṅgarath’aṅg’ādayo viya).They are also called the paribhoga-bhaṇḍāni or “insignia" of the Buddha Miln.330. --kosalla proficiency in the constituents of wisdom Vism.248.(Page 490),9,1
  3576. 116650,en,15,bondi,bondi,Bondi,Bondi,[etym.doubtful,one proposed by Morris,J.P.T.S.1889,207 derives it fr.bandh=bundh to bind,which is an erroneous comparison; on his hint “probably cognate with E.body" cp.Walde,Lat.Wtb.under fidelia.The orig.meaning may have been,as Morris suggests,“trunk." It certainly is a dial.word] body Pv IV.332; J.I,503; II,160; III,117; PvA.254.(Page 491),5,1
  3577. 116672,en,15,brahant,brahant,Brahant,Brahant,(adj.) [cp.Vedic bṛhant,of bṛh2 to increase,to be great or strong; paribṛdha solid (cp.brūha,paribrahaṇa &#38; paribrūhana),Av.b∂r∂ƶat high; Arm.barjr high; Oir.brī,Cymr.bre mountain; Goth.baurgs “borough," Ohg.etc.burg “burgh," i.e.fortress; Ger.berg mountain.-- The fundamental notion is that of an increase above normal or the ordinary:vuddhi (of vṛdh) is used in explns of the term; thus Dhtp 344 (Dhtm 506) baha braha brūha=vuddhiyaṃ; VvA.278 brahā=vuddhā.Its use is almost entirely restricted to poetry] very great,vast,high,lofty,gigantic; Nom.sg.brahā Sn.410,550; Th.1,31; J.III,117 (=dīgha C.); IV,111 (su°); 647; Pv IV.310 (of a huge tree),Acc.sg.brahantaṃ A.III,346; VvA.182; Nom.pl.also brahantā Vv 524 (=mahantā VvA.224; of the Yama-dūtā or Death’s giant messengers).-- f.brahatl J.V,215 (=uḷārā C.); also given as N.of a plant Abhp 588.-- Superl.brahaṭṭha (=Sk.barhiṣṭha; on inversion bar›bra cp.Sk.paribarhanā›P.paribrahaṇa) in °puppha a large or fully developed blossom J.V,416. --arañña woodlands,vast forest A.I,187.--vana the wild wood,immense forest A.I,152; III,44; Vv 633; J.V,215.--sukha (-vihāra-jjhāna-jhāyin) (a thinker enjoying his meditations in) immense happiness Miln.226 (in characterisation of the term “brāhmaṇa").(Page 492),7,1
  3578. 116699,en,15,brahma,brahma,Brahma,Brahma, &#38; Brahmā [fr.<em>bṛh</em>,see brahant.Perhaps less with regard to the greatness of the divine principle,than with ref.to the greatness or power of prayer or the ecstatic mind (i.e.holy enthusiasm).On etym.see Osthoff,“Bezzenberger’s Beiträge" XXIV.142 sq.(=Mir.bricht charm,spell:Oicel.bragr poetry)] -- I.Brahman (nt.) [cp.Vedic bráhman nt.prayer; Nom.sg.bráhma] 1.the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controversy with Brahmans); a state like that of Brahmā (or Brahman) A.II,184 (brahmappatta).In cpds.brahma°.-- 2.Vedic text,mystic formula,prayer DA.I,244 (brahmaṃ aṇatī ti brāhmaṇo). II.<i>Brahmā</i> [cp.Vedic brahmán,m.,one who prays or chants hymns,Nom.sg.Brahmā] 1.the god Brahmā chief of the gods,often represented as the creator of the Universe (vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā) D.I,18; III,30,also called <i>Mahābrahmā</i> (D.I,235 sq.,244 sq.; III,30; It.15; Vism.578; DhA.II,60); and <i>Sahampati</i> (Vin.I,5; D.II,157; S.I,136 sq.; Vism.201; KhA 171; SnA 56) and <i>Sanaṅkumāra</i> (D.II,226; III,97).The duration of his life is given as being 1 kalpa (see Kvu 207,208).-- Nom.<i>Brahmā</i> Vin.I,5; D.II,46; J.VI,486; Miln.224; Vism.2 (brahmānaṃ atibrahmā,Ep.of Buddha Bhagavā); SnA 229 (B.mahānubhāvo); Gen.Abl.<i>Brahmano</i> D.II,209; Vism.205; SnA 177; Instr.<i>Brahmanā</i> D.I,252; II,239; Dh.105,230; Vism.48,405; DhA.II,60; Acc.<i>Brahmānaṃ</i> D.II,37; Voc.<i>Brahme</i> S.I,138.-- 2.a brahma god,a happy &#38; blameless celestial being,an inhabitant of the higher heavens (brahma-loka; in which to be reborn is a reward of great merit); Nom.sg.<i>brahmā</i> S.I,142 (Baka br.); M.I,327 (id.); A.IV,83; PvA.138 (°devatā for brahma°?); Gen.Abl.<i>brahmuno</i> S.I,142,155; Instr.<i>brahmunā</i> D.III,147,150 &#38; <i>brahmanā</i> PvA.98; Voc.sg.<i>brahme</i> M.I,328.pl.Nom.<i>brahmāno</i> Miln.13,18 (where J.VI,486 has Mahā-brahmā in id.p.); DhsA.195; Gen.<i>brahmānaṃ</i> Vism.2; Mhbv 151.--paccekabrahmā a br.by himself S.I,149 (of the name of Tudu; cp.paccekabuddha).--<i>sabrahmaka</i> (adj.) including the brahma gods D.I,62; A.II,70; Vin.I,11; DA.I,174.<br><br> III,<i>brahma</i> (adj.-n.) [cp.brahmā II.2; Vedic brahma° &#38; Sk.brāhma] 1.holy,pious,brahmanic; (m.) a holy person,a brahmin -- (adj.) J.II,14 (br.vaṇṇa=seṭṭha vaṇṇa C.); KhA 151 (brahma-cariyaṃ= brahmaṃ cariyaṃ).-- (m.) Acc.<i>brahmaṃ</i> Sn.285; Voc.<i>brahme</i> (frequent) Sn.1065 (=brahmā ti seṭṭhavacanaṃ SnA 592); J.II,346; IV,288; VI,524,532; Pv.I,12<sup>9</sup> (=brāhmaṇa PvA.66).-- 2.divine,as incorporating the highest &#38; best qualities,sublime,ideal,best,very great (see esp.in cpds.),A.I,132 (brahmā ti mātāpitaro etc.),182; IV,76.-- 3.holy,sacred,divinely inspired (of the rites,charms,hymns etc.) D.I,96 (brahme mante adhiyitvā); Pv.II,6<sup>13</sup> (mantaṃ brahmacintitaṃ) =brāhmaṇānaṃ atthāya brahmaṇā cintitaṃ) PvA.97,98).-- Note.The comp<sup>n</sup> form of all specified bases (I.II.III,) is <i>brahma°</i>,and with regard to meaning it is often not to be decided to which of the 3 categories the cpd.in question belongs.<br><br> <i>--attabhāva</i> existence as a brahma god DhA.III,210.<i>--ujjugatta</i> having the most divinely straight limbs (one of the 32 marks of a Great Man) D.II,18; III,144,155.<i>--uttama</i> sublime DhsA.192.<i>--uppatti</i> birth in the brahma heaven S.I,143.<i>--ûposatha</i> the highest religious observance with meditation on the Buddha &#38; practice of the uposatha abstinence A.I,207.<i>--kappa</i> like Brahmā Th.1,909.<i>--kāya</i> divine body D.III,84; J.I,95.<i>--kāyika</i> belonging to the company of <i>Brahmā</i>,N of a high order of Devas in the retinue of Br.(cp.Kirfel,Kosmographie pp.191,193,197) D.I,220; II,69; A.III,287,314; IV,40,76,240,401; Th.1,1082; Vism.225,559; KhA 86.<i>--kutta</i> a work of Brahmā D.III,28,30 (cp.similarly yaṃ mama,pitrā kṛtaṃ devakṛtaṃ na tu brahmakṛtaṃ tat Divy 22).See also under kutta.<i>--giriya</i> (pl.) name of a certain class of beings,possibly those seated on Brahmagiri (or is it a certain class of performers,actors or dancers?) Miln.191.<i>--ghaṭa</i> (=ghaṭa<sup>2</sup>) company or assembly of Brahmans J.VI,99.<i>--cakka</i> the excellent wheel,i.e.the doctrine of the Buddha M.I,69; A.II,9,24; III,417; V,33; It.123; Ps.II,174; VbhA.399 (in detail); <i>--cariya</i> see separate article.<i>--cārin</i> leading a holy or pure life,chaste,pious Vin.II,236; III,44; S.I,5,60; II,210; III,13; IV,93,A.II,44; M.III,117; Sn.695,973; J.V,107,382; Vv 34<sup>11</sup> (Acc.pl.brahmacāraye for °cārino); Dh.142; Miln.75; DA.I,72 (brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ācāraṃ caratī ti br.c.); DhA.III,83; a° S.IV,181; Pug.27,36.<i>--cintita</i> divinely inspired PVI I.6<sup>13</sup>=Vv 63<sup>16</sup> (of manta); expl<sup>n</sup> at PvA.97,as given above III,3,differs from that at VvA.265,where it runs:brahmehi Aṭṭhak’ādīhi cintitaṃ paññācakkhunā diṭṭhaṃ,i.e.thought out by the divine (seer) Aṭṭhaka and the others (viz.composers of the Vedic hymns:v.s.brāhmaṇa<sup>1</sup>,seen with insight).<i>--ja</i> sprung from Brahmā (said of the Brāhmaṇas) D.III,81,83; M.II,148.Cp.dhammaja.<i>--jacca</i> belonging to a brahman family Th.1,689.<i>--jāla</i> divine,excellent net,N.of a Suttanta (D No.1) Vism.30; VbhA.432,516; KhA 12,36,97; SnA 362,434.<i>--daṇḍa</i> “the highest penalty," a kind of severe punishment (temporary deathsentence? ) Vin.II,290; D.II,154; DhA.II,112; cp.Kern,Manual p.87.<i>--dāyāda</i> kinsman or heir of Brahmā D.III,81,83.<i>--deyya</i> a most excellent gift,a royal gift,a gift given with full powers (said of land granted by the King) D.I,87 (=seṭṭha-deyyaṃ DA.I,246; cp.Dial.I.108 note:the first part of the cpd.(brahma) has always been interpreted by Brahmans as referring to themselves.But brahma as the first part of a cpd.never has that meaning in Pali; and the word in our passage means literally “a full gift." -- Cp.id.p.Divy 620,where it does not need to mean “gift to brahmans," as Index suggests); D.I,114; J.II,166=DhA.III,125 (here a gift to a br.,it is true,but not with that meaning); J.VI,486 (sudinnaṃ+); Mhbv 123.We think that both Kern (who at Toev.s.v.unjustly remarks of Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> as “unjust") and Fick (who at “Sociale Gliederung" p.126 trsl<sup>s</sup> it as “gift to a Brahman") are wrong,at least their (and others’) interpretation is doubtful.<i>--devatā</i> a deity of the Brahmaloka PvA.138 (so read for brahmā°).<i>--nimantanika</i> “addressing an invitation to a brahma-god," title of a Suttanta M.I,326 sq.,quoted at Vism.393.<i>--nimmita</i> created by Brahmā D.III,81,83.<i>--patta</i> arrived at the highest state,above the devas,a state like the Br.gods M.I,386; A.II,184.<i>--patti</i> attainment of the highest good S.I,169,181; IV,118.<i>--patha</i> the way to the Br.world or the way to the highest good S.I,141; A.III,346; Th.1,689.Cp.Geiger,Dhamma 77.<i>--parāyana</i> devoted to Brahmā Miln.234.<i>--parisā</i> an assembly of the Brahma gods D.III,260; M.I,330; S.I,155; A.IV,307.<i>--pārisajja</i> belonging to the retinue of Br.,N.of the gods of the lowest Rūpa-brahmaloka S.I,145,155; M.I,330; Kvu 207; cp.Kirfel,Kosmographie 191,194.<i>--purohita</i> minister or priest to Mahābrahmā; °deva gods inhabiting the next heaven above the Br.-pārisajjā devā (cp.Kirfel Loc.cit.) Kvu 207 (read °purohita for °parohita!).<i>--pphoṭana</i> [a-pphoṭana; ā+ph.] a Brahmaapplause,divine or greatest applause DhA.III,210 (cp.Miln.13; J.VI,486).<i>--bandhu</i> “brahma-kinsman," a brāhmaṇa in descent,or by name; but in reality an unworthy brahman,Th.2,251; J.VI,532; ThA.206; cp.Fick,Sociale Gliederung p.140.<i>--bhakkha</i> ideal or divine food S.I,141.<i>--bhatta</i> a worshipper of Br.J.IV,377 sq.<i>--bhavana</i> Br.-world or abode of Br.Nd<sup>1</sup> 448.<i>--bhūta</i> divine being,most excellent being,said of the Buddha D.III,84; M.I,111; III,195,224; S.IV,94; A.V,226; It.57; said of Arahants A.II,206; S.III,83.<i>--yāna</i> way of the highest good,path of goodness (cp.brahma-patha) S.V,5; J.VI,57 (C.ariyabhūmi:so read for arāya°).<i>--yāniya</i> leading to Brahmā D.I,220.<i>--loka</i> the Br.world,the highest world,the world of the Celestials (which is like all other creation subject to change &#38; destruction:see e.g.Vism.415=KhA 121),the abode of the Br.devas; Heaven.-- It consists of 20 heavens,sixteen being worlds of form (rūpa-brahmaloka) and four,inhabited by devas who are incorporeal (arūpa°).The devas of the Br.l.are free from kāma or sensual desires.Rebirth in this heaven is the reward of great virtue accompanied with meditation (jhāna) A.I,227 sq.; V,59 (as included in the sphere called sahassī cūḷanikā lokadhātu).-- The brahmās like other gods are not necessarily sotāpannā or on the way to full knowledge (sambodhi-parāyaṇā); their attainments depend on the degree of their faith in the Buddha,Dhamma, &#38; Saṅgha,and their observance of the precepts.-- See e.g.D.III,112; S.I,141,155,282; A.III,332; IV,75,103; Sn.508,1117; J.II,61; Ps.I,84; Pv.II,13<sup>17</sup>; Dhs.1282; Vbh.421; Vism.199,314,367,372,390,401,405,408,415 sq.,421,557; Mhbv 54,83,103 sq.,160; VbA 68; PvA.76; VbhA.167,433,437,510.See also Cpd.57,141 sq.; Kirfel,Kosmographie 26,191,197,207,and cp.in BSk.literature Lal.Vist.171.The Br.-l.is said to be the one place where there are no women:DhA.I,270.--yāva Brahmalokā pi even unto Br.’s heaven,expression like “as far as the end of the world" M.I,34; S.V,265,288.--°ûpaga attaining to the highest heaven D.II,196; A.V,342; Sn.139; J.II,61; Kvu 114.--°ûpapatti rebirth in Heaven Sn.139.--°parāyana the Br.-loka as ultimate goal J.II,61; III,396.--°sahavyatā the company of the Br.gods A.IV,135 sq.<i>--yāna</i> the best vehicle S.V,5 (+dhammayāna).<i>--vaccasin</i> with a body like that of Mahābrahmā,comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>--vaṇṇin</i> of most excellent complexion,in ster.passage at D.I,114,115; M.II,167,cp.DA.I,282:°vaccasī ti Mahābrahmuṇo sarīra-sadisena sarīrena samannāgato; °vaṇṇī ti seṭṭhavaṇṇī.<i>--vāda</i> most excellent speech Vin.I,3.<i>--vimāna</i> a palace of Brahmā in the highest heaven D.III,28,29; It.15; Vism.108.<i>--vihāra</i> sublime or divine state of mind,blissful meditation (exercises on a,altruistic concepts; b,equanimity; see on these meditations Dial I.298).There are 4 such “divine states," viz.mettā,karuṇā,muditā,upekkhā (see Vism.111; DhsA.192; and cp.Expositor 258; Dhs.trsl.65; BSk.same,e.g.Divy 224); D.II,196; III,220 (one of the 3 vihāra’s:dibba°,brahma°,ariya°); Th.1,649; J.I,139 (°vihāre bhāvetvā ...brahmalok’ûpaga),II.61; Dhs.262; Vism.295 sq.(°niddesa),319.<i>--veṭhana</i> the head-dress of a brahmin SnA 138 (one of the rare passages where brahma°=brahma III,1).<i>--sama</i> like Brahmā Sn.508; SnA 318,325; DhsA.195.<i>--ssara</i> “heavenly sound," a divine voice,a beautiful and deep voice (with 8 fine qualities:see enum<sup>d</sup> under bindu) D.II,211=227; J.I,96; V,336.(Page 492),6,1
  3579. 116780,en,15,brahmacariya,brahmacariya,Brahmacariya,Brahmacariya,(nt.) [brahma+cariya] a term (not in the strictly Buddhist sense) for observance of vows of holiness,particularly of chastity:good &#38; moral living (brahmaṃ cariyaṃ brahmāṇaṃ vā cariyaṃ=brahmacariyaṃ KhA 151); esp.in Buddh.sense the moral life,holy life,religious life,as way to end suffering,Vin.I,12,19,renouncing the world,study of the Dhamma D.I,84,155; II,106; III,122 sq.,211; M.I,77,147,193,205,426,463,492,514; II,38; III,36,116; S.I,38,43,87,105,154,209; II,24,29,120,219,278,284 (°pariyosāna); III,83,189; IV,51,104,110,126,136 sq.,163,253,V,7 sq.,15 sq.,26 sq.,54 sq.,233,262,272,352; A.I,50,168,225; II,26,44,185; III,250,346; IV,311; V,18,71,136; Sn.267,274 (vas-uttama),566,655,1128; Th.1,1027,1079; It.28,48,78,111; Dh.155,156,312; J.III,396; IV,52; Pv.II,9<sup>13</sup>; DhA.IV,42 (vasuttamaṃ); VbhA.504.--brahmacariyaṃ <i>vussati</i> to live the religious life A.I,115 (cp.°ṃ vusitaṃ in formula under Arahant II.A); °assa <i>kevalin</i> wholly given up to a good life A.I,162; °ṃ <i>santānetuṃ</i> to continue the good life A.III,90; DhA.I,119; <i>komāra°</i> the religious training of a well-bred youth A.III,224; Sn.289.--<i>abrahmacariya</i> unchastity,an immoral life,sinful living M.I,514; D.I,4; Sn.396; KhA 26.<br><br> <i>--antarāya</i> raping DhA.II,52.<i>--ânuggaha</i> a help to purity A.I,167; IV,167; Dhs.1348.<i>--ûpaddava</i> a disaster to religious life,succumbing to worldly desires M.III,116.<i>--vāsa</i> state of chastity,holy &#38; pure life; adj.living a pure life A.I,253; J.III,393; Kvu 93; DhA.I,225.(Page 494),12,1
  3580. 116802,en,15,brahmacariyaka,brahmacariyaka,Brahmacariyaka,Brahmacariyaka,(adj.) [fr.brahmacariya] only in phrase ādi° leading to the highest purity of life D.I,189,191; III,284; A.IV,166.(Page 494),14,1
  3581. 116852,en,15,brahmacariyavant,brahmacariyavant,Brahmacariyavant,Brahmacariyavant,(adj.) [fr.brahmacariya] leading the religious life,pure,chaste S.I,182; Dh.267.(Page 494),16,1
  3582. 116996,en,15,brahmaka,brahmaka,Brahmaka,Brahmaka,(adj.) only in cpd.<i>sa°</i> with Brahmā (or the Br.world).q.v.(Page 494),8,1
  3583. 117102,en,15,brahmana,brāhmaṇa,Brāhmaṇa,Brāhmaṇa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [for brahmañña] state of a true brahman,“holiness supreme" Th.1,631.(Page 495),8,1
  3584. 117103,en,15,brahmana,brāhmaṇa,Brāhmaṇa,Brāhmaṇa,<sup>1</sup> [fr.brahma; cp.Vedic brāhmaṇa,der.fr.brahmán] a member of the Brahman caste; a Br.teacher.In the Buddhist terminology also used for a man leading a pure,sinless &#38; ascetic life,often even syn.with arahant.-- On brāhmaṇas as a caste &#38; their representation in the Jātaka collection see Fick,Sociale Gliederung; esp.ch.8,pp.117--162.-- Var.fanciful etymologies,consisting of a word-play,in P.definitions are e.g.“sattannaṃ dhammānaṃ bāhitattā br." (like def.of bhikkhu) Nd<sup>1</sup> 86=Nd<sup>2</sup> 464<sup>a</sup> (cp.Sn.519); ye keci bho-vādikā Nd<sup>1</sup> 249=Nd<sup>2</sup> 464<sup>b</sup>; brahā -- sukhavihāra -- jhāna -- jhāyin Miln.226; pāpaṃ bāhesuṃ D.III,94; bāhita-pāpattā br.DhA.III,84; ariyā bāhita-pāpattā br.DA.I,244.-- pl.<i>brāhmaṇāse</i> Sn.1079 sq.-- Var.ref<SUP>Q</SUP> in the Canon to all meanings of the term:D.I,90,94,104,119 sq.,136 (mahāsālā),150 (°dūta),247; III,44 sq.,61,83 sq.,94 sq.(origin of),147,170,258 (°mahāsālā),270; M.I,271 (°karaṇā dhammā),280; II,84,148,177; III,60,270 (a bhikkhu addressed as br.); S.I,47,54,94 sq.,99 (°kumāra),117,125,160 sq.; II,77,259; IV,157; V,194; A.I,66,110,163 (tevijjā); 166; II,176; III,221 sq.(brāhmaṇa-vagga); It.57 sq.,60,98,101; J.III,194; IV,9; VI,521 sq.; Vbh.393 sq.For br.with the meaning “arahant" see also:Vin.I,3; II,156 (br.parinibbuta); Th.1,140,221 (brahma-bandhu pure āsiṃ,idāni kho’mhi brāhmaṇo); Dh.383 sq.; Sn.passim (e.g.v.142 kammanā hoti brāhmaṇo; 284 sq.); J.IV,302 sq.; Miln.225.Ten kinds of Br.are pronounced to be <i>apetā brahmaññā</i> degraded fr.brahmanship J.IV,361 sq.Diff.schools of br.teachers are enum<sup>d</sup> at D.I,237 sq.(Tevijja Sutta).--brāhmaṇānaṃ pubbakā isayo mantānaṃ kattāro “the ten inspired Seers of old times,who composed the Vedic hymns"; their names are Aṭṭhaka,Vāmaka,Vāmadeva,Vessāmitta,Yamataggi,Aṅgirasa,Bhāradvāja,Vāseṭṭha,Kassapa,Bhagu Vin.I,245; D.I,104; A.III,224; IV,61; cp.VvA.265.-- f.<i>brāhmaṇī</i> (n.or adj.) the wife of a brāhmaṇa D.I,193; J.V,127 (of a purohita or high priest); DhA.I,33; IV,176; PvA.55,61,64.Freq.in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>brāhmaṇī pajā</i> this generation of brāhmaṇas,e.g.D.I,249; A.I,260; II,23 (see pajā). <i>--ibbhā</i> Brahmins &#38; Vaiśyas J.VI,228 sq.<i>--kumārikā</i> a brahmin young girl J.III,93.<i>--kula</i> a br.clan or family J.II,85,394,411; III,147,352; PvA.21,61.<i>--gahapatikā</i> priests &#38; laymen (“clerk &#38; yeoman" Rh.D.in S.B.E.XI.258) D.II,178; III,148,153,170 sq.; S.I,59,184; A.I,110; Vin.I,35; J.I,83.<i>--gāma</i> a br.village Vin.I,197; D.I,87,127; S.I,111; J.II,368; III,293; IV,276.<i>--dhamma</i> duty of a br.; see on contrast between Brahmaṇic &#38; Buddhist view J.IV,301 sq.,cp.also SnA 312--325 (br.-dhammika-suta) &#38; Fick,l.c.124.<i>--putta</i> son of a br.PvA.62.<i>--bhojana</i> giving food (alms) to brahmans Vin.I,44.<i>--māṇava</i> a young brahmin J.IV,391.<i>--rūpa</i> (in) form of a br.PvA.63.<i>--vaḍḍhakī</i> a br.carpenter J.IV,207.<i>--vaṇṇin</i> having the appearance of a brahmin Cp.X.10.<i>--vācanaka</i> a br.disputation,some sort of elocution show J.I,318; IV,391.<i>--vāṭaka</i> circle of brahmins DhA.IV,177 (v.l.°vādaka).<i>--vāṇija</i> a br.merchant PvA.113.<i>--sacca</i> a brahmanic (i.e.standard,holy) truth A.II,176 (where the Buddha sets forth 4 such br.--saccāni,diff.from the usual 4 ariyasaccāni).(Page 494),8,1
  3585. 117414,en,15,brahmanna,brahmañña,Brahmañña,Brahmañña,(adj.) [fr.brāhmaṇa] brahman,of the brahman rank; brahmanhood,of higher conduct,leading a pure life D.I,115 (at which passage DA.I,286 includes Sāriputta,Moggallāna &#38; Mahākassapa in this rank); M.II,167; A.I,143.-- abstr.der.<i>brāhmaññā</i> (nt.) higher or holy state,excellency of a virtuous life D.I,166; Vin.III,44; J.IV,362 (=brāhmaṇa dhamma C.); <i>brahmañña</i> (nt.) D.II,248; <i>brahmaññā</i> (f.) D.III,72,74; A.I,142; &#38; brahmaññattha (nt.) S.III,192; V,25 sq.,195; A.I,260 (brāhmaññattha).(Page 494),9,1
  3586. 117435,en,15,brahmannata,brahmaññatā,Brahmaññatā,Brahmaññatā,( &#38; brāh°) [fr.brahma or brāhmaṇa] state of a brahman D.III,145,169; Dh.332,cp.DhA.IV,33.-- Neg.<i>a°</i> D.III,70,71.(Page 494),11,1
  3587. 117439,en,15,brahmannattha,brahmaññattha,Brahmaññattha,Brahmaññattha,see <i>brahmañña</i>.(Page 494),13,1
  3588. 117538,en,15,brahmatta,brahmatta,Brahmatta,Brahmatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.brahma] state of a Brahma god,existence in the Br.world Vbh.337; Vism.301; VbhA.437; DhA.I,110.<i>brahmattabhāva</i> is to be read as brahm’attabhāva (see under brahma).(Page 494),9,1
  3589. 117547,en,15,brahmattara,brahmattara,Brahmattara,Brahmattara,at J.III,207 (of a castle) is probably to be read brahmuttara “even higher than Brahmā," i.e.unsurpassed,magnificent.C.expl<sup>ns</sup> by <i>suvaṇṇa-</i> pāsāda.(Page 494),11,1
  3590. 117573,en,15,brahmavant,brahmavant,Brahmavant,Brahmavant,(adj.) [fr.brahma] “having Brahmā," possessed or full of Brahmā; f.<i>brahmavatī</i> Np.Vism.434.(Page 494),10,1
  3591. 117726,en,15,bruhana,brūhana,Brūhana,Brūhana,(nt.) [fr.brūheti] expansion,increasing,spreading; cultivation,development (trs. &#38; intrs.) Miln.313 (Kern,Toev.s.v.“amusement"); DhsA.332; VvA.20 (sukha°).Cp.<i>upa°</i>.(Page 495),7,1
  3592. 117773,en,15,bruhetar,brūhetar,Brūhetar,Brūhetar,[n.ag.of brūheti] increaser; one who practises,is devoted to; in phrase <i>brūhetā suññâgārānaṃ</i> frequenter of solitary places; given up to solitary meditation M.I,33,213.(Page 495),8,1
  3593. 117779,en,15,bruheti,brūheti,Brūheti,Brūheti,[cp.Sk.bṛṃhayati; fr.<em>brh</em><sup>2</sup> to increase; Dhtp 346 &#38; Dhtm 505:vuddhiyaṃ.Cp.brahant] to cause to grow,increase; hence:to promote,develop,practise,to put or devote oneself to; to look after,to foster,make enjoy; practically syn.with <i>sevati;</i> S.I,198 (saddhaṃ); Sn.324 (kammāni); Dh.285 (imper.brūhaya=vaḍḍhaya DhA.III,429); Ud.72; J.I,289; Miln.313 (saddena sotaṃ br.); PvA.168 (vaḍḍheti+,for ābhāveti).-- Cp.<i>anu°</i>,<i> pari°</i>.(Page 495),7,1
  3594. 117815,en,15,brumeti,brūmeti,Brūmeti,Brūmeti,[possible Caus.fr.brūti,but as Geiger,P.Gr.141<sup>2</sup>,rightly remarks “not critically sound"] to say D.I,95 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “brūmetū ti vadatu" DA.I,265).(Page 495),7,1
  3595. 117828,en,15,bruti,brūti,Brūti,Brūti,[<em>brū</em>,Sk.bravīti,Med.brūte; cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 141<sup>2</sup>.Expl<sup>d</sup> by Dhtp 366 as “vacane," by Dhtm 593 as “vācāyaṃ,viyattiyaṃ"] to say,tell,call; show,explain D.I,95; Sn.308 sq.; Dh.383 sq.; Cp.VI,8; Miln.314,327.-- Constructed with double Acc.or with Dat.of person &#38; Acc.of thing said (cp.Miln.233).-- Forms:Pres.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>brūmi</i> It.33,40; S 1033,1042 sq.(expl<sup>d</sup> as ācikkhāmi desemi paññāpemi etc.by Nd.); Pv.I,2<sup>3</sup> (=kathemi PvA.11); Th.1,214; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>brūsi</i> Sn.457,1032,1081; J.II,48; Th.2,58; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>brūti</i> Sn.122; imper.<i>brūhi</i> Th.1,1266; Sn.1018,1034,1043; Miln.318.-- pret.<i>abravi</i> Sn.981; Th.1,1275; J.VI,269; Pv.II,9<sup>64</sup> (v.l.abruvi); PvA.264; <i>abruvi</i> J.III,62,and <i>bravi</i> J.V,204; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.med.<i>bravittha</i> Vv 53<sup>10</sup> (=kathesi VvA.240); 1<sup>st</sup> sg.also <i>abraviṃ</i> Cp.II.6<sup>8</sup>; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>abravuṃ</i> J.V,112.(Page 495),5,1
  3596. 117855,en,15,bubbula,bubbuḷa,Bubbuḷa,Bubbuḷa,( &#38; Bubbula) [cp.Epic Sk.budbuda] a bubble.On similes cp.J.P.T.S.1907,117.-- Usually of a waterbubble udaka° S.III,141; A.IV,137; J.V,216; Miln.117; Vism.109; DhA.III,209; VbhA.33 (as unsubstantial to which vedanā are likened).In other connection at J.I,68 (of cooking gruel).Bubbuḷaka =bubbuḷa,viz.1.a bubble DhA.III,166; Miln.118.-- 2.the iris of the eye Th.2,395 (cp.Morris,in J.P.T.S.1884,89,but according to ThA.259 the reading pubbaḷhaka is to be preferred.) (Page 490),7,1
  3597. 117884,en,15,bubhukkhita,bubhukkhita,Bubhukkhita,Bubhukkhita,[pp.of bubhukkhati,Desid.of bhuñjati] wishing to eat,hungry J.II,14; V,70; Miln.66; Dāvs III,32.(Page 490),11,1
  3598. 117894,en,15,buddha,buḍḍha,Buḍḍha,Buḍḍha,[for vuḍḍha,pp.of <em>vṛdh</em>,see vaḍḍhati] aged,old D.II,162; J.I,164 (°pabbajita one who has become an ascetic in his old age).Compar.buḍḍhatara DhA.II,239 (v.l.K.B.S.vuḍḍhatara).(Page 488),6,1
  3599. 117910,en,15,buddha,buddha,Buddha,Buddha,<sup>2</sup> [=buddha1] A.one who has attained enlightenment; a man superior to all other beings,human &#38; divine,by his knowledge of the truth,a Buddha.At A.II,38 the Buddha declares himself to be neither a god (deva) nor a Gandharva,nor a Yakṣa nor a man.‹-› The word Buddha is an appellative,not a proper name (na mātarā kataṃ etc.,vimokkh’antikaṃ etaṃ bud‹-› dhānaṃ Bhagavantānaṃ bodhiyā mūle ...paññatti) Nd<sup>1</sup> 458 &#38; Ps.I,174.-- There are 2 sorts of B’s,viz.<i>Pacceka-buddhas</i> or Buddhas who attain to complete enlightenment,but do not preach the way of deliverance to the world,and <i>Sammāsambuddhas</i>,who are omniscient and endowed with the 10 powers (see bala),and whose mission is to proclaim the saving truth to all beings (cp.Miln.106).In this function the B’s are <i>Satthāro</i> or teachers,Masters.In his rôle of a preeminent man a Buddha is styled <i>Bhagavā</i> or Lord:Buddho so Bhagavā M.I,235; Pv.II,9<sup>60</sup>=DhA.III,219.-- Besides the 18 dhammā and the 10 balāni they are gifted with the 4 vesārajjāni (A.II,9,cp.Miln.106).These teachers appear upon the earth from time to time; the approach of the birth of a B.(buddh’--uppāda) is hailed by the acclamation of the worlds,they live the houseless life and found an Order (Buddha-pamukha bhikkhu-saṅgha Sn.p.111; Sn.81,386; Miln.212; DA.I,242; PvA.19).The news that a B.has appeared upon earth is a cause of the greatest rejoicing:opportunity to see him is eagerly sought (Vin.II,155; S.I,210; DA.I,248).The B.is always born in a brāhmaṇa or khattiya family.It is impossible here to give all the references for the Buddhas or Buddhahood in general; see e.g.Vin.III,24 sq.; Dh.182 sq.,194,195 (=sammā sambuddhā DhA.III,252),387; J.I,51; III,128; Vism.442 (pubba-buddhā); PvA.20.-- The remembrance of former births a B.shares with other classes of privileged beings,only in a different (higher) degree.This faculty (in an ascending scale) is possessed by the foll.6 classes:titthiyā,pakati-sāvakā,mahā-sāvaka,agga-sāvakā,pacceka-buddhā,buddhā (see Vism.411).-- B.The word Buddha is specially applied to the Buddha of the present world-age,Gotama by family-name.He is said to be the 25<sup>th</sup> of the series of former Buddhas (pubbā buddhā) S.I,109,140; IV,52.-- Seven Buddhas are mentioned in the earlier texts &#38; frequently referred to (cp.the 7 Rishis of the Vedic period,see also under satta,No.7).They are Vipassī,Sikhī,Vessabhū,Kakusandha,Konāgamana,Kassapa and Gotama (D.II,5--7; S.II,5--11; cp.Th.1,491; J.II,147).They are also mentioned in an old formula against snake-bites (Vin.II,110).The (allegorical) names of the predecessors of these in former ages are Dīpaṅkara,Kondañña,Maṅgala,Sumana,Revata,Sobhita,Anomadassī,Paduma,Narada,Padumuttara,Sumedha,Sujāta,Piyadassī,Atthadassī,Dhammadassī,Siddhattha,Tissa,Phussa.-- The typical career of a Buddha is illustrated in the life of Gotama and the legends connected with his birth,as they appear in later tradition.Before his last existence he practised the 10 perfections (pāramitā,q.v.) for many ages, &#38; finally descended from the Tusita Heaven (see Buddhavaṃsa).He was born in a khattiya family and was distinguished by the 32 signs of a great man (Mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇāni see D.II,17 sq.and similar passages; cp.Ud.48).His mother Māyā bore him painlessly and died seven days after his birth M.III,118 sq.-- The story of each of the 25 Buddhas is given in the Buddhavaṃsa,quoted in the introductory chapters of the Jātak’aṭṭhakathā.-- Convinced that asceticism was not the way to enlightenment,he renounced austerities.He became enlightened when seated in meditation under an Assattha tree (Ficus religiosa,hence called Bodhi or Bo tree).At the supreme moment he was tempted by Māra,but vanquished the evil one.He was then ready to depart,but resolved to remain in the world and preach the truth (M.I,169; Vin.I,6; a rather diff.account A.II,20).That day he knew and proclaimed himself to be the Buddha and his career as a teacher began (M.I,171; Vin.I,9; Sn.558).-- Like all the other Sammā-sambuddhas he founded an Order,converting and gladdening men by his discourses.After a long life of teaching he attained Nibbāna (nibbānaṃ adhigacchi),and passed utterly away:S.I,210; D.II,156; Sn.83,513,1133 sq.; Miln.96.-- The Epithets attributed to all the Buddhas are naturally assigned also to Gotama Buddha.Out of the almost endless series of these we only give a few.He is adored as the highest and holiest of men (S.I,47; III,84; loke anuttaro,lokassa aggo; Miln.70).He is the supremely wise,the conqueror of the powers of darkness,the teacher of gods (devas and yakkhas) and men S.I,50,132,206.301; A.I,142; II,33; III,65; Sn.157 sq.He is the <i>ādicca-bandhu</i> kinsman of the sun S.I,186; and compared to a universal monarch (rājā cakkavattī) A.I,76; III,150 and to the lion (sīha),the king of the animals A.III,122.He is <i>buddha-vīra</i> Th.1,47; the refuge of all beings M.II,305; DA.I,233; Miln.95; further <i>appaṭipuggala</i> S.I,134; his teaching leads to enlightenment,to self-conquest,to security &#38; deliverance M.I,235; Sn.454,993; DA.I,230.He himself is not to be reborn (antima-sarīro with his last body) S.I,210; he is vimutto,freed &#38; has come to the end of sorrow A.IV,258; S.III,65; full of compassion for all beings S.I,25,51; M.II,100; he is <i>bhisakko</i> the physician A.IV,340; <i>magga-ññu</i>,magga-vidū,maggakovido S.III,66.-- Under Buddh’anussati (Vism.198 sq.) we find the famous formula Bhagavā Arahaṃ Sammāsambuddho vijjā-caraṇa-sampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisa-damma-sārathi Satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho Bhagavā (D.I,49≈),analysed &#38; exegetically discussed.Here (p.209) “Buddha" is expl<sup>d</sup> with the formula as found at Ps.I,174; Nd<sup>1</sup> 457.More explicitly with var.epithets at the latter passage.This formula is one of the highest &#38; most comprehensive characterisations of a Buddha, &#38; occurs frequently in the Canon,e.g.M.I,179; S.II,69; V,343.-- A khattiya by birth he is called a <i>brāhmaṇa</i> because he carries on the sacred tradition,and because he excels in wisdom,self-control and virtue Miln.225.<br><br> <i>--ânubuddha</i> enlightened after the Enlightened one Th.1,679,1246 (trsl<sup>d</sup> “who next to our Great Waked one was awoke").<i>--ânubhāva</i> the majestic power of the B.PvA.38,171.<i>--ânussati</i> mindfulness of the B.,one of the 6 anussatis (B.°,dhamma°,saṅgha°,sīla°,cāga°,devatā°) D.III,250,280; Vism.132 (where followed by upasamânussati and 4 other qualities making up the pīti-sambojjh’aṅga; see anussati),197 sq.(the 10,as mentioned under anussati).<i>--aṅkura</i> a nascent (lit.sprouting) Buddha,one who is destined to be a B.DhA.I,83.<i>--antara</i> a Buddha-interval,the period between the appearance of one Buddha &#38; the next Miln.3; DhA.I,201 (the 4 last ones); IV,201; PvA.10,14,21,47,191.<i>--ārammaṇa</i> having its foundation or cause in the B.,in °pīti joy,caused by contemplation of a B.J.III,405; Vism.143 (here as ubbegā-pīti).<i>--ûpaṭṭhāna</i> B.-worship DhA.I,101; PvA.93.<i>--uppāda</i> the coming into existence of a Buddha,time or age in which a B.was born (opp.Buddh’antara),a Buddha-period J.I,59; Mhbv 12; VbhA.50; ThA.28.<i>--kara</i> making a B.,bringing about Buddhahood J.I,20.<i>--kāraka</i>=°kara Mhbv 9.<i>--kāla</i> the time of a B.Vism.91 (Buddhakālo viya pavattati it is like the time of the B.) <i>--kula</i> Buddha-clan SnA 532 (B.-pitā,°mātā ibid.).<i>--kolāhala</i> the announcement of a Buddha,one of the 5 kolāhalas (q.v.) KhA 121,cp.J.I,48.<i>--khetta</i> field or region of (or for the existence of) a Buddha Vism.414 (divided into 3 spheres:jātikkhetta,āṇākkhetta,visayakkhetta,see khetta).<i>--gata</i> directed or referring to the B.S.I,211 (sati); Dh.296.<i>--guṇa</i> quality of a B.,virtue,character of a Buddha J.I,27; II,147; Bu II.177; Mbhv 80; KhA 121 (cp.App.).<i>--cakkhu</i> the eye of a Buddha,i.e.an eye (or the faculty) of complete intuition Vin.I,6; ThA.2; see discussed in detail at Nd<sup>1</sup> 359=Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>4</sup>; cp.cakkhu.<i>--ñāṇa</i> knowledge of a B.,which is boundless (cp.Saddh.73,J.P.T.S.1887,40) Bu I.64 (appameyya); X.5 (cuddasa).<i>--dhamma</i> Buddhahood Miln.276; pl.condition or attributes of a B.J.I,20; referred to as 6 at Nd<sup>1</sup> 143= Nd<sup>2</sup> 466 (bhāgī channaṃ °ānan ti Bhagavā),as 18 at Miln.105,285.Kern (Manual &#38; Grundriss III,8,p.63) gives (after Lal.Vist.183,343) the foll.18 āveṇikadharmas (“extraordinary qualities") as such:(1) seeing all things past,(2) present,(3) future,(4) propriety of actions of the body,(5) of speech,(6) of thought,(7) firmness of intuition,(8) of memory,(9) of samādhi,(10) of energy,(11) of emancipation,(12) of wisdom,(13) freedom from fickleness,(14) noisiness,(15) confusedness,(16) hastiness,(17) heedlessness,(18) inconsiderateness.--pañha the name given to one question asked by Sāriputta,which the paribbājikā Kuṇḍalakesī was unable to answer DhA.II,225.--pasanna finding one’s happiness,or believing in the B.Vin.IV,39.--putta son of the B.said of bhikkhus or arahants Miln.143,cp.S.III,83:puttā Buddhassa orasā.--bala the force of a B.(iddibala &#38; paññā°) Bu I.3.--bījaṅkura a future B.Bu II.71.--bhāva condition of a B.enlightenment J.I,14,147 (abuddhabhāva un-buddhahood,of Devadatta); DA.I,1.--bhūmi the ground of Buddhahood Bu II.175.--manta mystic verses of a B.DA.I,248.--māmaka devotedly attached to the B.DhA.I,206 (+Dhamma°,Saṅgha°).--rakkhita saved by the B.(Np.) SnA 534 (+Dhamma°).--rasmi (pl.°iyo) rays shining forth from the person of the Buddha; they are of 6 colours J.I,501; SnA 132; Mhbv 6,15,38; VvA.207; DhsA.13.--rūpa form or figure of the B.Vism.228 (Mārena nimmita,cp.Divy 162,166; Buddha-nirmāṇa the magic figure of the B.).--līḷha ( &#38; °līḷhā) deportment,ease,grace of a Buddha J.I,54; Mhbv 39; DhA.I,33; II,41.--vacana the word (teaching) of the Buddha Miln.17; KhA 13; SnA 274,331.--visaya the sphere (of wonder),the range,scope or power of a Buddha (cp.buddha-khetta) DhA.I,33; II,199; SnA 154,228.--veneyya one able to be led to enlightenment,accessible to Buddha’s teaching SnA 15,331.--sāsana the teaching (instructions) of the B.Dh.368,381.--sukumāla delicate,sensitive (to fatigue),as Buddhas are DhA.I,5.Buddhaka (-°) (adj.) [fr.buddha] in cpd.dvaṅgula-buddhikā (f.) possessing insight as much as 2 finger-breadths VvA.96.-- The °ka belongs to the whole cpd.(Page 488),6,1
  3600. 117911,en,15,buddha,buddha,Buddha,Buddha,<sup>1 </sup>(adj.) [med.-pass.pp.of bujjhati,cp.Epic Sk.buddha] (a) understood S.I,35=60 (su-dub-buddha very difficult to understand).-- (b) having attained enlightenment,wise A.IV,449; PvA.16 (buddh’ādayo),60 (=ariya).Usually appld to the Bhagavant (Gotama) M.I,386 (one of the adj.describing Gotama to Nigaṇṭha Nāthaputta); Sn.993.The true brāhmaṇa is buddha,e.g.Sn.622,643,646.(Page 488),6,1
  3601. 118718,en,15,buddhata,buddhatā,Buddhatā,Buddhatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.buddha] enlightenment,wisdom DhA.IV,228; ThA.4 (Buddha-subuddhatā).-- Cp.buddhatta.(Page 490),8,1
  3602. 118733,en,15,buddhati,buddhati,Buddhati,Buddhati,to obstruct,withhold etc.:see pali°.(Page 490),8,1
  3603. 118738,en,15,buddhatta,buddhatta,Buddhatta,Buddhatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.buddha] state of (perfect) enlightenment,(attainment of) Buddhahood J III 363 (sabbadhammānaṃ b.); Vism.209 (buddhattā Buddho); Mhbv 12.Cp.buddhatā and abhisambuddhatta.(Page 490),9,1
  3604. 118909,en,15,buddhi,buddhi,Buddhi,Buddhi,(f.) [fr.budh; cp.Class.Sk.buddhi] wisdom,intelligence D.III,165 (in sequence saddhā sīla suta b.cāga etc.); J.III,369; V,257; Miln.349; Sdhp.263.The ref.Vism.439 should be read vuddhi for b°. --carita one whose behaviour or character is wisdom Vism.104 (=paññavā).--sampanna endowed with (highest) wisdom PvA.39.(Page 490),6,1
  3605. 118934,en,15,buddhika,buddhika,Buddhika,Buddhika,(adj.) [--°) [fr.buddhi] intelligent,in cpds a° unintelligent &#38; sa° possessed of wisdom Miln.76.(Page 490),8,1
  3606. 118946,en,15,buddhimant,buddhimant,Buddhimant,Buddhimant,(adj.) [fr.buddhi] possessing insight,full of right knowledge Vin.II,195; J.V,257; Miln.21,294; PvA.131 (paṇḍita,b.,sappañña-jātika).(Page 490),10,1
  3607. 119110,en,15,buha,būha,Būha,Būha,see vyūha.(Page 490),4,1
  3608. 119114,en,15,bujjhaka,bujjhaka,Bujjhaka,Bujjhaka,(adj.) [fr.<em>budh</em>] intelligent,prudent,judicicus,in a° Dpvs IX.17,foolish,imprudent,unmindful of their own interest (trsln suggested by E.Hardy as preferable to Oldenberg’s “unnoticed").Morris,J.P.T.S.1893,69 suggests “not fighting," thus making abujjhaka= avujjh°=ayujjh° (of yudh).(Page 488),8,1
  3609. 119131,en,15,bujjhana,bujjhana,Bujjhana,Bujjhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>budh</em>] awakening,attaining to knowledge,recognition Ps.I,18; Miln.194; DA.I,51.(Page 488),8,1
  3610. 119139,en,15,bujjhanaka,bujjhanaka,Bujjhanaka,Bujjhanaka,(adj.) [fr.bujjhana] endowed with knowledge,having the elements of bodhi,being enlightened DhsA.217.(Page 488),10,1
  3611. 119191,en,15,bujjhati,bujjhati,Bujjhati,Bujjhati,[<em>budh</em>,y-formation,corresp.to Sk.budhyate for the usual bodhate.The sense is that of a Med.,but is also used as Act.with Acc.of object,e.g.saccāni bujjhi he recognised the truths Vism.209.-- The Dhtp (414) and Dhtm (652) explain budh by “avagamane" (understanding,see ogamana),Dhtm (242) also by “bodhane" (awakening).Bdhgh’s expln of the meaning is “kilesa-santāna-niddāya uṭṭhahati cattāri vā ariyasaccāni paṭivijjhati Nibbānam eva vā sacchikaroti" DhsA.217,cp.trsln at Expos.294 “to rise from the slumber of the continuum of the lower nature,or a penetrating the Ariyan Truths,or a realizing Nibbāna"] to be awake,to be enlightened in (Acc.),to perceive,to know,recognise,understand D.II,249; S.I,74,198; Dh.136,286; Th.1,146; J.III,331; IV,49,425; Miln.165,348 (pot.bujjheyya); Dpvs.I,14 (with Gen.) KhA 219 (so attho sukhaṃ b.).3rd pl.bujjhare Th.2,453; Bu II.183.imper.bujjhassu Bu II.183.‹-› fut.bujjhissati Bu II.65; aor.abujjhi Bu II.211,and bujjhi J.IV,425; Vism.209; pret.3rd sg.abujjhatha Bu VII.22.-- ppr.bujjhamāna Sn.395; Bu VII.22; DhA.I,93.-- pp.buddha (q.v.).-- Caus.I.bodheti (q.v.).-- Caus.II.bujjhāpeti to lead to knowledge or recognition J.I,407.Two infinitives formed fr.bodh,but belonging to budh are bodhuṃ J.V,341,and boddhuṃ Th.1,167.(Page 488),8,1
  3612. 119225,en,15,bujjhitar,bujjhitar,Bujjhitar,Bujjhitar,[n.ag.of bujjhati] one who becomes enlightened or recognises Nd1 457=Ps.I,174=Vism.209 (bujjhitā saccāni,of the Buddha).(Page 488),9,1
  3613. 119265,en,15,bulha,būḷha,Būḷha,Būḷha,[for vūḷha,cp.Sk.vyūḍha for the usual vyūha,q.v.] array of troops J.I,387.(Page 490),5,1
  3614. 119273,en,15,bunda,bunda,Bunda,Bunda,[Vedic budhna] the root of a tree Abhp 549.(Page 490),5,1
  3615. 119279,en,15,bundika,bundika,Bundika,Bundika,in cpd.°ābaddha is of uncertain origin; the whole means a sort of seat or bedstead (fixed up or tied together with slats?) Vin.II,149; IV,40,357.(Page 490),7,1
  3616. 119301,en,15,bya°,bya°,Bya°,Bya°,etc.(byā°,byu°) words not found under these initials are to be looked up under vya° etc.(Page 491),4,1
  3617. 119305,en,15,bya,byā,Byā,Byā,(indecl.) [distorted fr.iva=eva,with metathesis &#38; diaeresis *veyya›*veyyā›*vyā›byā] intensive particle:“just so,certainly,indeed" only in phrase “evaṃ byā kho" Vin.II,26; IV,134=DA.I,27; M.I,130 (evaṃ vyā kho ti evaṃ viya kho C.),257.(Page 492),3,1
  3618. 119310,en,15,byabadha,byābādha,Byābādha,Byābādha,[vy+ā+<em>bādh</em>] evil,wrong,hurt; usually referred to as 3 fold:atta°,para°,ubhaya°,or against oneself,against others, &#38; both -- M.I,416; S.IV,159 (vyā°),339.(Page 492),8,1
  3619. 119333,en,15,byabadheti,byābādheti,Byābādheti,Byābādheti,[denom.fr.byābādha] to injure,hurt,oppress S.V,393 (na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā).(Page 492),10,1
  3620. 119349,en,15,byabhangi,byābhaṅgī,Byābhaṅgī,Byābhaṅgī,(f.) [vy+ā+<em>bhañj</em>] 1.a pole for carrying burdens Th.1,623.-- 2.a flail S.IV,201.(Page 492),9,1
  3621. 119420,en,15,byadheti,byādheti,Byādheti,Byādheti,[Caus.fr.byādhi] to cause to waver,unsettle,agitate,trouble S.I,120; Th.1,46,1211.Pass.byādhiyati Kvu II.457 (aor.byādhiyiṃsu).-- pp.byādhita.(Page 492),8,1
  3622. 119427,en,15,byadhi,byādhi,Byādhi,Byādhi,[cp.Sk.vyādhi; lit.“upset" fr.vy+ā+<em>dhā</em>] sickness,disease A.I,146; Kvu II.457; Miln.351.(Page 492),6,1
  3623. 119503,en,15,byadhita,byādhita,Byādhita,Byādhita,[pp.fr.byādheti] afflicted with disease Th.1,73; Miln.168.(Page 492),8,1
  3624. 119544,en,15,byaga,byagā,Byagā,Byagā,3rd sg.aor.of vi+<em>gam</em>,to depart,to be lost,perish Th.1,170.Byaggha [cp.Sk.vyāghra] a tiger J.II,110; Sdhp.388.f.byagghinī Miln.67.(Page 492),5,1
  3625. 119867,en,15,byama,byāma,Byāma,Byāma,[cp.Vedic &#38; P.vyāma cp.Śatap.Br.I.2,5,14 a fathom,measured by both hands being extended to their full length,only in phrase °ppabhā a halo extending for a fathom around the Buddha J.I,12,90; Bu I.45; Miln.75; VvA.213.(Page 492),5,1
  3626. 119922,en,15,byamha,byamha,Byamha,Byamha,[cp.vyamha] a celestial mansion,a Vimāna Vv 523.As vyamha at J.IV,464.(Page 492),6,1
  3627. 119976,en,15,byanjana,byañjana,Byañjana,Byañjana,(nt.) [cp.Sk.vyañjana] 1.sign,mark:see vyañjana.-- 2.the letter,as compared with attha,the spirit or meaning; thus in phrase atthato byañjanato ca according to the meaning &#38; the letter Miln.18,345; Nett 23.As vyañjana is the more usual ( &#38; classical) form,other refs.will be found under vyañjana.(Page 492),8,1
  3628. 120179,en,15,byanti°,byanti°,Byanti°,Byanti°,in °bhavati,bhāva etc.see vyanti°.(Page 492),7,1
  3629. 120236,en,15,byapada,byāpāda,Byāpāda,Byāpāda,[fr.vy+ā+<em>pad</em>] ill-will,malevolence,one of the 5 “obstructions" (āvaraṇāni,see e.g.S.V,94; Nd2 379); and of the 4 “bonds" (kāya-ganthā see e.g.Nd1 98).-- M.I,434; S.I,99; It.119; Ps.I,31; II,12; Nd1 149,207,386. --vitakka a malevolent or angry thought M.I,11; S.I,203; II,151; III,93; V,417; Nd1 501; Kvu 113.(Page 492),7,1
  3630. 120392,en,15,byapagata,byapagata,Byapagata,Byapagata,[=vy-apa-gata] departed,dispelled Miln.225.(Page 492),9,1
  3631. 120434,en,15,byapajjha,byāpajjha,Byāpajjha,Byāpajjha,[fr.vy-ā-<em>pad</em>] 1.trouble,opp.a° relief M.I,10.-- 2.malevolence; neg.a° benevolence Vin.I,3; M.I,38; cp.avyāpajjha S.IV,296,371.(Page 492),9,1
  3632. 120480,en,15,byapanna,byāpanna,Byāpanna,Byāpanna,[fr.vyāpajjati] malevolent Sdhp.70; otherwise vy°,e.g.S.II,168 (°citta).(Page 492),8,1
  3633. 120594,en,15,byappatha,byappatha,Byappatha,Byappatha,[so for byappattha; according to Kern,Toev.s.v.the word is a distortion fr.*vyāpṛta (for which usually P.vyāvaṭa) of vy+ā+pṛ3,pṛṇoti to be busy or active] busy,active.Thus Kern,but the trsln is not satisfactory.It occurs only at 2 passages; Vin.IV,2,where combd with vācā,girā,vacībheda,and meaning “mode of speech," and at Sn.961,where it has the same meaning &#38; is referred by Nd1 472 to a mode of speech &#38; expld by SnA 572 by vacana.Thus the derivation fr.pṛ with vyā° can hardly be claimed to be correct for Bdhgh’s conception of the word; to him it sounded more likely like vy+ā+patha (cp.cpds.vacana-patha &#38; vāda-patha),thus “way of speaking." (Page 492),9,1
  3634. 120613,en,15,byaruddha,byāruddha,Byāruddha,Byāruddha,[pp.of vy+ā+rundh; reading by° in Nd1; vy° in Sn. &#38; SnA; v.l.BB] obstructed,opposed,hindered Sn.936 (aññam-aññehi b.in enmity with each other; =paṭiviruddha Nd1 408),938 (412 id.; SnA 566=āhata-citta).(Page 492),9,1
  3635. 120623,en,15,byasana,byasana,Byasana,Byasana,see vyasana.(Page 492),7,1
  3636. 120680,en,15,byasatta,byāsatta,Byāsatta,Byāsatta,[pp.of vy+ā+<em>sañj</em>,cp.āsatta1] attached to,clinging to,in cpd.°mānasa possessed with longing Dh.47 (=sampatte vā asampatte vā lagga-mānasa DhA.I,361),287 (cp.DhA.III,433; lagganatāya sattamānasa).(Page 492),8,1
  3637. 120758,en,15,byatta,byatta,Byatta,Byatta,(adj.) [cp.P.vyatta; Sk.vyakta] experienced,learned Miln.21.(Page 492),6,1
  3638. 120782,en,15,byattata,byattatā,Byattatā,Byattatā,(f.) [fr.byatta] experience,learning Miln.349.See also pari°.(Page 492),8,1
  3639. 120874,en,15,byavata,byāvaṭa,Byāvaṭa,Byāvaṭa,[vy+ā+<em>vṛ</em>] covered,adorned with VvA.213 (rūpakāya byāvaṭa jana; v.l.byāgata). the meaning (wrongly given as “adorned") is to be deleted.The reading at VvA.213 is doubtful.It may be kāyavyāvaṭa,but dassana-vyāvaṭa is to be preferred (see under vyāvaṭa).(Page 492),7,1
  3640. 120945,en,15,byuha,byūha,Byūha,Byūha,[cp.Sk. &#38; P.vyūha fr.vi+<em>vah</em>] 1.the array or arrangement of troops in particular positions,order of parade or battle DA.I,85.Three formations of troops are mentioned at J.II,404 &#38; 406,viz.paduma-vyūha (lotus formation),cakka° (wheel formn),sakaṭa° (cart formn).-- 2.a heap,collection,in byūhaṃ karoti to put into a (well-arranged) heap Miln.2 (kacavaraṃ).‹-› 3.a (blind) alley,cul-de-sac Vin.IV,271 (byūhan nāma yen’eva pavisanti ten’eva nikkhamanti).(Page 492),5,1
  3641. 120959,en,15,byuhati,byūhati,Byūhati,Byūhati,[denom.fr.byūha] to stand in array (like a troop) VvA.104 (byūhanto,v.l.brahmanto).(Page 492),7,1
  3642. 120995,en,15,ca,ca,Ca,Ca,(indef.enchtic particle) [Vedic ca adv.to rel.pron.*qǔo,idg.*que=Cr.te,Lat.que,Goth.--h.Cp.ka,ki,ku] 1.Indefinite (after demonstr.pron.in the sense of kiṃ=what about? or how is it? cp.kiṃ)=ever,whoever,what-ever,etc.[Sk.kaśca,Gr.οs te,Lat:quisque,Goth.hvazuh] so ca whoever (see below 3),tañ ca pan’amhākaṃ ruccati tena c’amhā attamanā M.I,93; yañ ca kho ...ceteti yañ ca pakappeti ...whatever he thinks,whatever he intends ...S.II,65.As a rule the Pali form corresp.to Sk.kaśca is *kascid=koci, &#38; ci (cid) is the regular P.representative of the indefinite ca (cp.cana &#38; api).-- 2.Copulative or disjunctive according to the general context being positive or negative.(a) copulative:and,then,now:tadā ca now then,and then (in historical exposition) J.III,188.Most frequent in connecting two or three words,usually placed after the second,but also after the third:atthaṃ anatthañ ca Dh.256; pubbâparāni ca Dh.352; alaṃ etehi ambehi jambūhi panasehi ca J.II,160.-- In the same sense added to each link of the chain as ca-ca (cp.Sk.ca-ca,Gr.te te,Lat.que que; also mixed with constituents of similar pairs as api-ca,cp.te-kai):tuyhañ ca tassā ca to you and her (orig.this or whatever to you,whatever to her)=to you as well as to her J.I,151.Often with the first member emphasized by eva:c’eva,as well as:hasi c’eva rodi ca he laughed as well as cried J.I,167; maṃsena c’eva phalāphalena ca with flesh as well as with all kinds of fruit J.III,127; subhaddako c’eva supesalo ca J.III,82; c’eva apace padūse pi ca waste and even defile ThA.72 (Ap V.40).‹-› (b) disjunctive:but (esp.after a negation):yo ca but who Th.1,401; yadā ca but when (cp.tadā ca) J.III,128.In conditional clauses (cp.3) comb<sup>d</sup> with sace=but if,on the other hand:sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati ...sace ca pabbajati agārā Sn.1003.With neg,na ca=but not:mahatī vata te bondi,na ca paññā tadūpikā (but your wisdom is not in the same proportion) J.II,160.‹-› 3.Conditional:if [=Vedic ced,Lat.absque] D.I,186,207; II,36,57 (jāti ca not va); M.I,91; S.III,66 (rūpañ ca attā abhavissa); A.I,58; V,87; J.II,110 (ciram pi kho khadeyya yavaṃ ...ravamāno ca dūsayi:“he might have caten a long time,if he had not come to harm by his cry," or “but"); IV,487; V,185,216 (Sakko ca me varaṃ dajjā so ca labbhetha me varo:“if S.will give me a wish,that wish will be granted," or:“whatever wish he will allow,that one will be fulfilled"); VI,206,208.-- na ca (at the beginning of an interrog.phrase)= if not S.I,190 (ahaṃ ca kho ...pavāremi,na ca me Bhagavā kiñci garahati:if the Bh.will not blame me).For BSk.ca=ced see AvŚ II.189,n.o.(Page 258),2,1
  3643. 121015,en,15,caccara,caccara,Caccara,Caccara,(nt.) [Sk.catvara,cp.Trenckner,Notes,p.56] a quadrangular place,a square,courtyard; a place where four roads meet,a cross road Vin.III,151; IV,271; Miln.1 (+catukkasiṅghāṭaka),330 (do.); J.I,425 (°raccha).(Page 260),7,1
  3644. 121037,en,15,cadika,cadika,Cadika,Cadika,at Miln.197 (ūmikavaṅkacadika) prob.for °madika.(Page 261),6,1
  3645. 121049,en,15,caga,cāga,Cāga,Cāga,[from cajati,to give up,Vedic tyaj.Cp.Sk.tyāga] (a) abandoning,giving up,renunciation Vin.I,10; S.III,13,26,158; M.I,486; A.I,299.More freq.as:(b) liberality,generosity,munificence (n.) generous,munificent (adj.):sīlasampanno saddho purisapuggalo sabbe maccharino loke cāgena atirocati “he who is virtuous &#38; religious excels all stingy people in generosity" A.III,34.In freq.comb<sup>ns</sup> e.g.sacca dama dhiti c.Sn.188=S.I,215; sacca dama c.khanti Sn.189= S.I,215; mutta° (adj.) liberal,munificent,S.V,351=392.°paribhāvita citta “a heart bent on giving" S.V,309.In this sense cāga forms one of the (3,4,5 or 7) noble treasures of a man (cp.the Catholic treasure of grace &#38; see °dhana below),viz.(as 5) saddhā,sīla,suta,cāga,paññā (faith,virtue,right knowledge,liberality,wisdom) S.I,232; A.I,210; III,80=S.IV,250; M.III,99; D.III,164,165; cp.A.I,152=III,44; (as 4:the last minus suta) S.V,395; A.II,62 (sama°); (as 3) saddhā,sīla,cāga J.II,112; (as 7) ajjhesanā,tapo,sīla,sacca,cāga,sati,mati J.II,327; cp.śīla-śruta-tyāga Itm 31<sup>1</sup>.-- PvA.30,120; Sdhp.214,323.See also anussati &#38; anussarati.<br><br> <i>--âdhiṭṭhāna</i> the resolution of generosity,as one of the 4:paññā°,sacca°,c°.,upasama° D.III,229; <i>--ânussati</i> generosity A.I,30; V,331; D.III,250,280; Vism.197; <i>--kathā</i> talk about munificence A.III,181; <i>--dhana</i> the treasure of the good gift,as one of the 7 riches or blessings,the ariyadhanāni,viz.saddhā,sīla,hiri,ottappa,suta,c.,paññā D.III,163,251,; A.IV,5; VvA.113; as one of 5 (see above) A.III,53; <i>--sampadā</i> ( &#38; sampanna) the blessing of (or blessed with) the virtue of munificence A.I,62; II,66; III,53; IV,221,etc.(Page 264),4,1
  3646. 121135,en,15,cagavant,cāgavant,Cāgavant,Cāgavant,(adj.) generous A.III,183; IV,217,220; Pug.24.(Page 264),8,1
  3647. 121153,en,15,cagin,cāgin,Cāgin,Cāgin,(adj.) giving up,sacrificing,resigning Sn.719 (kāma°).(Page 264),5,1
  3648. 121158,en,15,caja,caja,Caja,Caja,(adj.) giving up,to be given up; in cpd.duc° hard to give up A.III,50; J.V,8.Cp.cāga.(Page 260),4,1
  3649. 121198,en,15,cajati,cajati,Cajati,Cajati,[Sk.tyajate,<em>tyaj</em>=Gr.soζέw to scare away] 1.to let loose,to emit,to discharge A.II,33; J.II,342 (mutta karīsaṃ) fig.to utter (a speech) J.V,362.-- 2.to abandon,to give up,sacrifice (with Loc.of person to whom:Asuresu pāṇaṃ S.I,224=J.I,203) Dh.290; J.II,205; III,211; V,464; VI,570.-- pp.<i>catta</i>,q.v.-- grd.<i>caja</i> [Sk.tyajya] q.v.(Page 260),6,1
  3650. 121264,en,15,cakita,cakita,Cakita,Cakita,(adj.) [Sk.cakita,<em>cak</em>] disturbed; afraid,timid Dāvs.IV,35,46.(Page 258),6,1
  3651. 121276,en,15,cakka,cakka,Cakka,Cakka,(nt.) [Vedic cakra,redupl.formation fr.<i>*quel</i> to turn round (cp.P.kaṇṭha › Lat.collus &#38; see also note on gala)=that which is (continuously) turning,i.e.wheel,or abstr,the shape or periphery of it,i.e.circle.<i>Cakra</i>=Gr.ku/klos,Ags.hveohl,hveol=wheel.The unredupl.form in Sk.carati (versatur),Gr.pέlomai,poleu/w,poλos (pole); Lat.colo,incolo; Obulg.kolo wheel,Oisl.hvel] I.Crude meaning:1.a wheel (of a carriage) Dh.1; PvA.65 (ratha°); Miln.27.-- 2.a discus used as a missile weapon J.I,74; Pgdp 36; cp.khura° a razor as an Instr.of torture.-- 3.a disc,a circle:heṭṭhāpādatalesu cakkāni jātāni,forming the 2<sup>nd</sup> characteristic mark of a Mahāpurisa D.II,17= III,143; D.III,149.-- J.II,331; Miln.51.-- 4.an array of troops (under tayo vyūhā:paduma° cakka° sakaṭa°) J.II,404=IV.343.-- II.Applied meaning:1.(a wheel as component part of a carriage,or one of a duad or tetrad=) collection,set,part; succession; sphere,region,cycle Vin.I,330 (cp.Vin.Texts II.281); III,96; iriyāpatha° the 4 ways of behaviour,the various positions (standing,walking,sitting,lying down) DA.I,249; Sdhp.604.sā°,miga° the sphere or region of dogs &#38; wild animals Miln.178; cakkena (Instr.) in succession PvA.III,<i>cakkaṃ kātabbaṃ</i>,or <i>bandhitabbaṃ</i> freq.in Yam.and Paṭṭh,“The cycle of formulated words is to be here repeated." -- 2.(like the four wheels constituting the moving power of a carriage=) a vehicle,instrument,means &#38; ways; attribute,quality; state,condition,esp.good condition (fit instrumentality),<i>catucakka</i> an Instr.of four,a lucky tetrad,a fourwheeler of the body as expressing itself in the four kinds of deportment,iriyāpathas A.II,32; S.I,16,63 (catucakkaṃ).In this sense generalized as a happy state,consisting of “4 blessings":paṭirūpadesa-vāsa,sappurisûpassaya,atta-sammāpaṇidhi,pubbe-kata-puññatā A.II,32; J.V,114; mentioned at Ps.I,84.Cp.also Sn.554 sq.; 684.Esp.pronounced in the two phrases <i>dhamma-cakka</i> (the wheel of the Doctrine,i.e.the symbol of conquering efficacy,or happiness implicated in the D.) and brahma-c° the best wheel,the supreme instrument,the noblest quality.Both with pavatteti to start &#38; kcep up (like starting &#38; guiding a carriage),to set rolling,to originate,to make universally known.<i>dhamma°</i> e.g.S.I,191; A.I,23,101; II,34,120; III,151; IV,313; Sn.556 sq.; 693; J.III,412; Ps.II,159 sq.; PvA.67 (see dhamma).<i>brahma°</i> M.I,71; S.II,27; A.II,9,24; III,9,417; V,33; Vbh.317 sq.; 344 (see brahma).Cp.cakkavattin (below).-- Cp.vi°.<br><br> <i>--chinna</i> (udaka) (water of a well) the wheel of which is broken Ud.83; <i>--bhañjanin</i> one who destroys a state of welfare &#38; good J.V,112 (patirāpadesavāsādino kusala-cakkassa bhañjanī C.); <i>--bheda</i> breaking peace or concord,sowing discord Vin.II,198; III,171; <i>--yuga</i> a pair of wheels Vv 83<sup>2</sup>; <i>--ratana</i> the treasure of the wheel,that is of the sun (cp.Rh.D.Buddh.Suttas p.252; Dialogues II.197,102) D.II,171; III,59 sq.,75; J.I,63; II,311; DA.I,249.See also cakkavattin; <i>--vaṭṭaka</i> (nt.) a scoop-wheel (a wheel revolving over a well with a string of earthen pots going down empty &#38; coming up full,after dredger fashion) Vin.II,122; <i>--vattin</i> (cp.dhammacakkaṃ pavatteti above) he who sets rolling the Wheel,a just &#38; faithful king (rājā hoti c.dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto Sn.p.106,in corresp.pass.v.1002 as vijeyya pathaviṃ imaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena-m-anusāsati).A definition is given by Bdhgh.at DA.I,249.-- Three sorts of c.are later distinguished:a cakkavāla-c° a universal king,or cāturanta-c° (ruling over four great continents Sn.p.106; KhA 227),a dīpa-c° (ruling over one),a padesa-c° (ruling over part of one) Usually in phrase rājā cakka vattin:D.I,88; III,156; IV,302; V,44,99,342; D.II,16,172; III,59 sq.,75,142 sq.; M.III,65; A.I,76,109 sq.; II,37,133,245; III,147 sq; 365; IV,89,105; V,22; Kh VIII,12 (°sukha); J.I,51; II,395; IV,119; Vbh.336; PvA.117; VvA.18; Sdhp.238,453; DhA.II,135 (°sirī).--°gabbha Vism.126:--°rajjaṃ kāresi J.II,311; <i>--viddha</i> (nt.) a particular form of shooting J.V,130; <i>--samārūḷha</i> (adj.) having mounted the wheels,i.e.their carts (of janapadā) A.I,178; III,66,104.(Page 258),5,1
  3652. 121346,en,15,cakkalaka,cakkalaka,Cakkalaka,Cakkalaka,[fr.cakka] a disc or tuft (?) Vism.255 (kaḷīra°,where KhA 50 reads in same context kaḷīra-daṇḍa).(Page 259),9,1
  3653. 121372,en,15,cakkali,cakkali,Cakkali,Cakkali,(f.) drapery Vin.II,174.(Page 259),7,1
  3654. 121378,en,15,cakkalika,cakkalikā,Cakkalikā,Cakkalikā,a window blind,curtain Vin.II,148.(Page 259),9,1
  3655. 121526,en,15,cakkavaka,cakkavāka,Cakkavāka,Cakkavāka,[Vedic cakravāka,cp.kṛkavāku,to sound root <em>kṛ</em>,see note on gala] the ruddy goose (Anas Casarca) J.III,520; IV,70 sq.(N.of J No.451); Pv.II,12<sup>3</sup>; Miln.364,401; -- f.<i>cakkavākī</i> J.III,524; VI,189=501.(Page 259),9,1
  3656. 121565,en,15,cakkavala,cakkavāḷa,Cakkavāḷa,Cakkavāḷa,(m. &#38; nt.) a circle,a sphere,esp.a mythical range of mountains supposed to encircle the world; pl.worlds or spheres J.I,53,203; VI,330; Vism.205 (its extent),207,367,421; DhsA.297; DhA 11.15; III,498; in the trope “cakkavāḷaṃ atisambādhaṃ brahmaloko atinīco" (=the whole world cannot hold it) to express immensity DhA.I,310; VvA.68.<br><br> <i>--gabbha</i> the interior of the C.sphere J.IV,119; DA.I,284; <i>--pabbata</i> (nt.) the C.mountains,“world’s end" J.III,32; VI,272; <i>--rajja</i> (nt.) the whole world,strictly speaking the whole region of a sphere J.II,392.(Page 259),9,1
  3657. 122055,en,15,cakkhu,cakkhu,Cakkhu,Cakkhu,(nt.) [Vedic cakṣuḥ,etym.not clear,as redupl.perhaps to <em>īks</em>,akṣa eye,kṣạṇa moment,or as intens.to <em>cit</em>,cp.cinteti, &#38; see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under inquam] the eye (Nom.sg.cakkhuṃ Vin.I,34; S.I,115; M.III,134,etc.).-- I.The eye as organ of sense-(a) psychologically:cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā “seeing visible object (shape) with the eye" (Nd<sup>2</sup> on rūpa q.v.) is the defin.of this first &#38; most important of the senses (cp.Pv.II,6<sup>1</sup> dakkhiṇa c.=the most valuable thing):the psychology of sight is discussed at DA.I,194 sq.,and more fully at Dhs.597 sq.(see DhsA.306 sq; Dhs.trsl.173 sq.); cp.cak khunā puriso ālokati rūpagatāni Nd<sup>2</sup> 234.In any enumeration of the senses cakkhu heads the list,e.g.Vin.I,34; D.I,21; II,308,336 sq.; III,102,225,244 sq.; 269; Nett 28.-See rūpa.Also combd.with sota:M.I,318; III,264; A.I,281.-- cakkhusmiṃ haññati rūpehi S.IV,201; hata° A.I,129.passāmi naṃ manasā cakkhunā va “I see him with my mind as with my eye" Sn.1142.-Vin.I,184; S.I,32,199; IV,123; Dh.360; J.IV,137; DA.I,183; Nett 191.Vism.444 sq.As adj.(-°) seeing,having or catching sight of:eka° (dvi°) one-eyed (two°) A.I,128 sq.; āmisa° seeing an object of sensual enjoyment S.II,226; IV,159; J.V,91 (=kilesalola).acakkhu blind A.III,250,256; Ps.I,129.-- (b) ethically:as a “sense" belonging to what is called “body" (kāya) it shares all the qualities of the latter (see kāya), &#38; is to be regarded as an Instr.only,i.e.the person must not value it by itself or identify himself with it.Subduing the senses means in the first place acquiring control over one’s eyes (cp.okkhitta cakkhu,with down-cast eyes Sn.63,411,972; Pv IV.3<sup>44</sup>; &#38; indriyesu guttadvāra; °indriya).In this connection the foll.passages may be mentioned:Vin.I,34; D.I,70; S.IV,123; II,244 (aniccaṃ,etc.); III,255 (do.) IV.81,128 (na tumhākaṃ); Ps.I,132 (aniccatṭhaṃ).Numerous others see under rūpa.-- II.The eve as the most important channel of mental acquiring,as faculty of perception &#38; apperception; insight,knowledge (cp.veda,olda to <em>vid</em>,to see).In connection with ñāṇa (ghώsis) it refers to the apperception of the truth (see dhamma-cakkhu):intuition and recognition,which means perfect understanding (cp.the use of the phrase jānāti passati “to know and to see"=to understand clearly).See e.g.S.II,7--11,105; IV,233; V,179; 258; 422 sq.Most frequently as <i>dhamma°</i> “the eye of the truth," said of the attainment of that right knowledge which leads to Arahantship,in phrase virajaṃ vitamalaṃ dh-cakkhuṃ uppajjati Vin.I,16; D.I,86,110; S.II,134 sq.; IV,47; 107; V,467; A.IV,186; Ps.II,150 sq.; 162; Miln.16.Similarly paññā°,It.52; ariya° M.I,510.-- III,The eye as the Instr.of supersensuous perception,“clear" sight,clairvoyance.This is the gift of favoured beings whose senses are more highly developed than those of others,and who through right cognition have acquired the two “eyes" or visionary faculties,termed <i>dibba-</i> cakkhu &#38; <i>buddha-</i>cakkhu It.52; D.II,38 resp.They are most completely described at Nd<sup>2</sup> 235 (under cakkhumā), &#38; the foll.categories of the range of application of cakkhu are set forth:1.<i>maṃsa-cakkhu:</i> the physical eye which is said to be exceptionally powerful &#38; sensitive.See Kv III,7 (trans.p.149 ff.).Vism.428 (maṃsa° 2 ñāṇa°).-2.<i>dibba-°</i>:the deva-eye,the eye of a seer,allpervading, &#38; seeing all that proceeds in hidden worlds.‹-› 3.<i>paññā°</i>:the eye of wisdom; he who knows all that can be known (jānaṃ passaṃ recognizing &#38; seeing,i.e.of perfect understanding; cakkhubhūta ñāṇa° dhamma° brahma°).-- 4.<i>buddha°</i>:the eye of a Buddha or of complete intuition,i.e.of a person who “sees the heart of man," of a being realizing the moral state of other beings and determined to help them on the Path to Right Knowledge.-- 5.<i>samanta°</i>:(a summary account of Nos.1--4, &#38; in all Scripture-passages a standing Ep.of Gotama Buddha,see below),the eye of all round knowledge,the eye of a Tathāgata,of a being perfected in all wisdom.-- Out of these are mentioned &#38; discussed singly or in set:(Nos.1--5):DhsA.306; SnA 351; (Nos.1--3:) It.52=Kvu 251 sq.(It.52=Kvu 254); (dibba:) Vin.I,8,288; II,183; III,5; D.I,82,162; III,52,III,281; M.I,213; S.I,144,196; II,122,213,276; IV,240; V,266,305; A.I,165,256,281 sq.; III,19,29,418; IV,85,141,178,291; V,13,35,68,200,211,340; J.III,346; Ps.I,114; II,175; Vbh.344; PvA.5.-- (paññā°:) S.IV,292; V,467,A.I,35; DhA.III,174,175.-- (buddha°:) Vin.I,6; S.I,138; Ps.II,33; PvA.61.-- (samanta°:) S.I,137=Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>4</sup>; Sn.345,378,1063,1069,1090,1133; Ps.II,31=Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>5</sup>.<br><br> <i>--āyatana</i> (either cakkh’or cakkhv°) the organ or sense of sight D.III,243,280,290; Dhs.585,653; <i>--indriya</i> (cakkhundriya) the organ of eye,faculty of vision D.I,70; III,225,239; A.I,113; Dhs.585,597,661,830,971; Vism.7; <i>--karaṇa</i> (always in comb<sup>n</sup> w.ñāṇa-karaṇa) producing (right) insight (and knowledge) It.82 (of kusalavitakkā); f.°ī S.IV,331 (of majjhimā paṭipadā); Ps.II,147; <i>--dada</i> one who gives the eye (of understanding) Th.1,3; <i>--dhātu</i> the element of vision Dhs.597,703,817.<i>--patha</i> the range of vision; sight J.I,65=DhA.I,173; J.I,146; IV,189,378,403 (=cakkhūnaṃ etaṃ nāmaṃ C.); VvA.119; <i>--bhāta</i> (+ñāṇa°) (adj.) one who has become the possessor of right understanding S.II,255; IV,94; A.V,226 sq.<i>--lola</i> greed (or greedy) with the eye Nd<sup>2</sup> 177; <i>--viññāṇa</i> consciousness by means of visual perception,visual cognition Vin.I,34; D.II,308,310; III,243; Dhs.433,556,585,589,620; cp.Mrs.Rh.D.Buddh.Psych.Eth.p.177; Miln.trsl.I.80,89; <i>--viññeyya</i> (adj.) (i.e.rūpā) to be apperceived by the sense of sight Vin.I,184; D.II,281; III,234; Dhs.589,967,1095; <i>--samphassa</i> contact with the sense of vision (usually with °ja:sprung from visual contact) (of vedanā,feelings) Vin.I,34; D.II,308 sq.; III,243; Ps.I,5,40,136.(Page 259),6,1
  3658. 122165,en,15,cakkhuka,cakkhuka,Cakkhuka,Cakkhuka,(adj.) having eyes,seeing (-°),in dibba° A.I,23.148 (see cakkhu III,<sup>2</sup>) and a° blind D.I,191; S.III,140; Nd 67.(Page 260),8,1
  3659. 122188,en,15,cakkhula,cakkhula,Cakkhula,Cakkhula,(adj.) [=cakkhuka] in visama° squint-eyed.squinting J.I,353; VI,548.(Page 260),8,1
  3660. 122208,en,15,cakkhumant,cakkhumant,Cakkhumant,Cakkhumant,(adj.) [cakkhu+mant] having eyes,being gifted with sight; of clear sight,intuition or wisdom; possessing knowledge (cp.samantacakkhu) D.I,76 (one who knows,i.e.a connoisseur); cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhinti “those who have eyes to see shall see" (of the Buddha) D.I,85,110,etc.-- Vin.I,16; S.I,27; A.I,116,124; IV,106; Dh.273; It.108,115; DA.I,221; DhA.III,403; IV,85.-- Esp.as Ep.of the Buddha:the Allwise S.I,121,134,159,210; Sn.31,160,992,1028,1116,1128; Vv 12<sup>5</sup> (=pañcahi cakkhūhi cakkhumā Buddho Bhagavā VvA.60,cp.cakkhu III,); Vv 81<sup>27</sup>.(Page 260),10,1
  3661. 122513,en,15,cakkhussa,cakkhussa,Cakkhussa,Cakkhussa,(adj.) [Vedic cakṣuṣya] pleasing to or good for the eyes (opp.a°) Vin.II,137,148.(Page 260),9,1
  3662. 122714,en,15,cakora,cakora,Cakora,Cakora,[Sk.cakora to <em>kol</em> (<em>kor</em>),see note on gala] the francolin partridge (Perdix rufa) J.V,416; Vv 35<sup>8</sup>; VvA.163.See also caṅkora.(Page 258),6,1
  3663. 122728,en,15,cala,cala,Cala,Cala,(adj.) [see calati] moving,quivering; unsteady,fickle,transient S.IV,68 (dhammā calā c’eva vyayā ca aniccā,etc.); J.II,299; III,381; V,345; Miln.93,418; Sdhp.430,494.<i>--acala</i> steadfast,immovable S.I,232; J.I,71 (ṭṭhāna); Vv 51<sup>4</sup> (°ṭṭhāna=Ep.of Nibbāna); acalaṃ sukhaṃ (=Nibbāna) Th.2,350; cp.niccala motionless DhA.III,38.<br><br> <i>--âcala</i> [intens.redupl.] moving to &#38; fro,in constant motion,unsteady J.IV,494,498 (=cañcala); Miln.92; (cp.Divy 180,281); <i>--kkaku</i> having a quivering hump J.III,380 IV.330 (=calamānakakudha or calakakudha).(Page 263),4,1
  3664. 122738,en,15,cala,cāla,Cāla,Cāla,[From calati] shaking,a shock,only in <i>bhūmi°</i> earthquake.(Page 265),4,1
  3665. 122765,en,15,calaka,calaka,Calaka,Calaka,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [perhaps from <em>carv</em> to chew; but Sk.carvana,chewing,is not found in the specific sense of P.calaka.Cp.ucchiṭṭha and cuṇṇa] a piece of meat thrown away after having been chewed Vin.II,115; IV,266 (=vighāsa); VvA.222 (°aṭṭhikāni meat-remnants &#38; bones).(Page 263),6,1
  3666. 122766,en,15,calaka,calaka,Calaka,Calaka,<sup>1</sup> (m.) a camp marshal,adjutant D.I,51≈(in list of various occupations); A.IV,107 sq.(Page 263),6,1
  3667. 122805,en,15,calana,calana,Calana,Calana,(adj. &#38; nt.) shaking,trembling,vibrating; excitement J.III,188; DhsA.72.-- f.<i>calanī</i> (quick,+laṅghī) a kind of antelope J.VI,537.(Page 264),6,1
  3668. 122860,en,15,calani,cālanī,Cālanī,Cālanī,(f.) [to cālana of calaka<sup>2</sup>] a pestle,a mortar Vin.I,202 (in cuṇṇa° &#38; dussa°,cp.saṇha).(Page 265),6,1
  3669. 122884,en,15,calati,calati,Calati,Calati,[Dhtp 251 kampana,to shake.Perhaps connected with <em>car</em>,carati] to move,stir,be agitated,tremble,be confused,waver S.I,107; Sn.752; J.I,303 (kileso cali); III,188 (macchā c.) Miln.260.-- ppr.med.calamāna J.IV,331.-- Esp.freq.in expression kammaja-vātā caliṃsu the labour-pains began to stir J.I,52; VI,485.‹-› pp.calita (q.v.).-- caus.caleti to shake S.I,109.(Page 264),6,1
  3670. 122932,en,15,caleti,cāleti,Cāleti,Cāleti,[caus.of calati] to move,to shake J.V,40; to scatter J.I,71 (tiṇāni); to sift Vin.I,202.(Page 265),6,1
  3671. 122980,en,15,calita,calita,Calita,Calita,(adj.) [pp.of calati] wavering,unsteady Miln.93,251; Vism.113; VvA.177.-- (nt.) Sn.p.146.(Page 264),6,1
  3672. 123026,en,15,camara,camara,Camara,Camara,[Deriv.unknown,probably non-Aryan.Sk.camara] 1.the Yak ox (Bos grunniens) J.I,149; III,18,375; V,416; Miln.365.-- f.<i>--ī</i> J.I,20; Sdhp.621.-- In cpds.camari° J.IV,256.-- 2.a kind of antelope (-ī) J.VI,537.<br><br> <i>--vījanī</i> (f.) a chowry (the bushy tail of the Yak made into a brush to drive away flies) Vin.II,130.This is one of the royal ensigns (see kakudhabhaṇḍa &#38; cp.vāla-vījanī).(Page 262),6,1
  3673. 123037,en,15,camara,cāmara,Cāmara,Cāmara,(nt.) [from camara] a chowrie,the tail of bos grunniens used as a whisk Sn.688; Vv 64<sup>3</sup>; J.VI,510; VvA.271,276.Cpd.cāmarī-gāhaka J.VI,218 (aṅka) a hook holding the whisk.(Page 264),6,1
  3674. 123098,en,15,camasa,camasa,Camasa,Camasa,[Vedic camasa,a cup] a ladle or spoon for sacrificing into the sacred fire J.VI,528<sup>24</sup>=529<sup>4</sup> (unite ca with masa,cp.529<sup>9</sup> and n.4:aggijuhana-kaṭacchu-saṅkhātimasañca [for camasañ ca] v.l.B<sup>d</sup>).Cp.Kern,Toevoegselen s.v.(Page 262),6,1
  3675. 123102,en,15,camati,camati,Camati,Camati,( &#38; cameti) [<em>cam</em> to sip; but given at Dhtm 552 in meaning “adana," eating] to rinse,only in cpd.ācamati (ācameti).(Page 262),6,1
  3676. 123107,en,15,camikara,cāmikara,Cāmikara,Cāmikara,(nt.).[Deriv.unknown.Sk.cāmīkara] gold VvA.12,13,166.(Page 264),8,1
  3677. 123125,en,15,camma,camma,Camma,Camma,(nt.) [Vedic carman,cp.Lat.corium hide or leather,cortex bark,scortum hide; Ohg.herdo; Ags.heorQa=E.hide; also Sk.kṛtti; Ohg.scirm (shield); E.skin; from <i>*sqer</i> to cut,skin (cp.kaṭu)=the cut-off hide,cp.Gr.dέrw:(dέrma] 1.skin,hide,leather Vin.I,192 (sīha° vyaggha° dīpi°),196 (elaka° aja° miga°); A.IV,393 (sīha° dīpi°); PvA.157 (kadalimiga° as rug); J.II,110 (sīha°); III,82,184; Miln.53; Sdhp.140.It is supposed to be subcutaneous (under chavi as tegument), &#38; next to the bone:chaviṃ chindetvā cammaṃ chindati S.II,238=A.IV,129; freq.in expr.like aṭṭhi-cammanahāru-matta (skin &#38; bones) PvA.68,see under nahāru; camma-maṃsa-nahāru PvA.80.-- 2.a shield Vin.II,192 (asi° sword &#38; shield); M.I,86; A.III,93; J.V,373; VI,580.<br><br> <i>--aṇḍa</i> a water-skin J.I,250; <i>--kāra</i> a worker in leather,a tanner Vin.IV,7; Miln.331; a harness-maker J.V,45; a waggon-builder and general artisan J.IV,174 (=rathakāra); also as <i>--kārin</i> PvA.175 (=rathakārin); <i>--khaṇḍa</i> an animal’s skin,used as a rug Miln.366; Vism.99; skin used as a water-vessel (see khaṇḍa) Vin.II,122; Ps.I,176; <i>--ghaṭaka</i> a water-skin J.II,345; <i>--naddha</i> (nt.) a drum Bu I.31; <i>--pasibbaka</i> a sack,made of skin or leather ThA.283; J.VI,431,432 (as v.l.); <i>--bandha</i> a leather strap Vin.I,194; <i>--bhastā</i> (f.) a sack J.V,45; <i>--māluka</i> a leather bag J.VI,431,432; <i>--yodhin</i> a soldier in cuirass D.I,51≈(in list of var.occupations; DA.I,157:cammakañcukaṃ pavisitvā); A.IV,107,110; <i>--varatta</i> (f.) a leather thong J.II,153; <i>--vāsin</i> one who wears the skin (of a black antelope),i.e.a hermit J.VI,528; <i>--sāṭaka</i> an ascetic wearing clothes of skin J.III,82 (nāma paribbājaka).(Page 262),5,1
  3678. 123157,en,15,cammaka,cammaka,Cammaka,Cammaka,a skin Bu II.52.(Page 262),7,1
  3679. 123341,en,15,campa,campa,Campa,Campa,=campaka J.VI,151.(Page 262),5,1
  3680. 123348,en,15,campa,campā,Campā,Campā,(f.) N.of a town (Bhagulpore) &#38; a river D.I,111; DA.I,279; J.IV,454.(Page 262),5,1
  3681. 123359,en,15,campaka,campaka,Campaka,Campaka,the Champaka tree (Michelia champaka) having fragrant white &#38; yellow flowers J.V,420; VI,269; Miln.338; DA.I,280; Vism.514 (°rukkha,in simile); DhA.I,384; VvA.194.(Page 262),7,1
  3682. 123412,en,15,campeyya,campeyya,Campeyya,Campeyya,N.of a Nāgarāja J.IV,454 (=°jātaka,No.506); Vism.304.(Page 262),8,1
  3683. 123425,en,15,campeyyaka,campeyyaka,Campeyyaka,Campeyyaka,(adj.) belonging to Campā Vin.V,114; J.VI,269 (here:a Champaka-like tree).(Page 262),10,1
  3684. 123443,en,15,camu,camu,Camu,Camu,(f.) [Both derivation and exact meaning uncertain.The Vedic camū is a peculiar vessel into wh.the Soma flows from the press.In late Pali &#38; Sk.it means a kind of small army,perhaps a division drawn up more or less in the shape of the Vedic vessel] an army J.II,22; camūpati a general Mhvs 10,65; 23,4; Dāvs.I,3.(Page 262),4,1
  3685. 123470,en,15,cana,cana,Cana,Cana,(-°) [Vedic cana fr.rel.pron.<i>*qǔo</i>+demonstr.pron.*no,cp.anā,nānā; Gr.rή; Lat.--ne in quandone=P.kudācana.cana=Goth.hun,Ohg.gin,Ger.ir-gen-d.Cp.ci] indef.particle “like,as if," added to rel.or interrog.pronouns,as kiñcana anything,kudācana at any time,etc.Cp.ca &#38; ci.(Page 261),4,1
  3686. 123491,en,15,canam,canaṃ,Canaṃ,Canaṃ,=cana; and then,if Vin.III,121 (cp.ca 3); or should it be separated at this passage into ca naṃ? (Page 261),5,1
  3687. 123503,en,15,cancala,cañcala,Cañcala,Cañcala,(adj.) [Intens.of <em>cal</em>=car,to move,with n instead of r in reduplication,cp.Sk.cañcūryate=carcarīti,cañcala (=*carcara),Gr.gargalizw &#38; gaggalizw to tickle; see also note on gala &#38; cp.caṅkamati] moving to &#38; fro,trembling,unsteady J.IV,498 (=calācala); Sdhp.317,598.(Page 260),7,1
  3688. 123535,en,15,canda,caṇḍa,Caṇḍa,Caṇḍa,(adj.) [Sk.caṇḍa] fierce,violent; quick-tempered,uncontrolled,passionate Vin.II,194 (hatthī); D.I.90 (=māṇa-nissita-kopa-yutta DA.I,256); S.I,176; II,242; A.II,109=Pug.47 (sakagava°); J.I,450; II,210,349; Vism.343,279 (°sota,fierce current),(°hatthi); DhA.IV,9 (goṇa) 104; Sdhp.41,590,598.-- f.<i>caṇḍī</i> M.I,126; J.II,443; III,259; Pv.II,3<sup>4</sup> (=kodhanā PvA.83).‹-› Compar.caṇḍatara S.II,242.-- In cpds.caṇḍi°,see caṇḍikata &#38; caṇḍitta.(Page 260),5,1
  3689. 123551,en,15,canda,canda,Canda,Canda,[Vedic candra from <i>*(s)quend</i> to be light or glowing,cp.candana sandal (incense) wood,Gr.kάhdaros cinder; Lat.candeo,candidus,incendo; Cymr.cann white; E.candid,candle,incense,cinder] the moon (i.e.the shiner) S.I,196; II,206; M.II,104; A.I,227,II.139 sq.; III,34; Dh.413; Sn.465,569,1016; J.III,52; VI,232; Pv.I,12<sup>7</sup>; II,6<sup>6</sup>; Vv 64<sup>7</sup> (maṇi° a shiny jewel.or a moonlike jewel,see VvA.278,v.l.°sanda).<i>--puṇṇa°</i> the full moon J.I,149,267; V,215; °mukha with a face like a full moon (of the Buddha) DhA.III,171.Canda is extremely frequent in similes &#38; comparisens:see list in J.P.T.S.1907,85 sq.In enumerations of heavenly bodies or divine beings Canda always precedes Suriya (the Sun),e.g.D.II,259; A.I,215; II,139; Nd<sup>2</sup> 308 (under Devatā).Cp.candimant.On quâsi mythol.etym.see Vism.418.<br><br> <i>--kanta</i> a gem Miln.118; <i>--(g)gāha</i> a moon-eclipse (lit.seizure,i.e.by Rāhu) D.I,10 (cp.DA.I,95); <i>--maṇḍala</i> the moon’s disc,the shiny disc,i.e.the moon A.I,283; J.I,253; III,55; IV,378; V,123; Dhs.617; Vism.216 (in compar,); PvA.65; <i>--suriyā</i> (pl.) sun &#38; moon J.IV,61.(Page 261),5,1
  3690. 123651,en,15,candaka,caṇḍaka,Caṇḍaka,Caṇḍaka,(adj.)=caṇḍa; f.caṇḍikā Pv.II,3<sup>5</sup>, &#38; caṇḍiyā J.III,259 (=kodhaṇā).(Page 260),7,1
  3691. 123655,en,15,candaka,candaka,Candaka,Candaka,=canda VvA.278 (maṇi°); Sdhp.92 (mayūra° the eye in a peacock’s tail).(Page 262),7,1
  3692. 123731,en,15,candala,caṇḍāla,Caṇḍāla,Caṇḍāla,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) a kind of amusement or trick D.I,6≈(=ayogulakīḷā play with an iron ball DA.I,84).(Page 260),7,1
  3693. 123732,en,15,candala,caṇḍāla,Caṇḍāla,Caṇḍāla,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic caṇḍāla] a man of a certain low tribe,one of the low classes,an outcaste; grouped with others under nīcā kulā (low born clans) as caṇḍālā nesādā veṇā rathakārā pukkusā at A.I,107=II.85=Pug.51.As <i>caṇḍāla-pukkusā</i> with the four recognized grades of society (see jāti &#38; khattiya) at A.I,162.-- Vin.IV,6; M.II,152; S.V,168 sq.(°vaṃsa); A.III,214,228 (brāhmaṇa°); IV,376; J.IV,303; PvA.175; Miln.200.-- f.caṇḍālī A.III,226; Pv III,1<sup>13</sup>; DhA.II,25.See also pukkusa.(Page 260),7,1
  3694. 123926,en,15,candana,candana,Candana,Candana,(m. &#38; nt.) [Deriv.unknown.Possibly nonAryan; but see under canda,Sk.candana] sandal (tree,wood or unguent,also perfume) Vin.I,203; A.I,9,145,226; III,237; Dh.54; J.V,420 (tree,m.); Miln.382; DhA.I,422; IV,189 (°pūjā); VvA.158 (agalu° with aloe &#38; sandal); PvA.76.-- Kāsika° sandal from Kāsī A.III,391; IV,281; Miln.243,348; ratta° red s.J.IV,442; lohita° id.A.V,22; J.I,37; hari° yellow s.J.I,146.<br><br> <i>--ussada</i> covered with sandal perfumes Th.1,267; Pv III,9<sup>1</sup> (=candanasārānulitto PvA.211); <i>--gaṇṭhi</i> (or better gaṇḍi; see the latter) a block of sandal wood Vin.II,110; <i>--gandhin</i> having a scent of sandal J.III,190; <i>--vilepana</i> sandal unguent J.IV,3.<i>--sāra</i> choice sandal (wood or perfume) Vv 52<sup>3</sup>,J.I,53,340.(Page 262),7,1
  3695. 124092,en,15,candanika,candanikā,Candanikā,Candanikā,(f.) a pool at the entrance of a village (usually,but not necessarily dirty:see Vin.II,122 &#38; cp.candanapaṅka Av.Ś I.221,see also PW sub candana<sup>2</sup>) S.V,361; M.I,11,73,448; A.I,161; Th.1,567; J.V,15; Miln.220; Vism.264,343,359; Sdhp.132.(Page 262),9,1
  3696. 124269,en,15,candatta,candatta,Candatta,Candatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.canda] in cpd.<i>paripuṇṇa°</i> state or condition of the full moon SnA 502.(Page 262),8,1
  3697. 124354,en,15,candikata,caṇḍikata,Caṇḍikata,Caṇḍikata,(adj.) [cp.caṇḍa] angry Vin.IV,310.(Page 260),9,1
  3698. 124369,en,15,candikka,caṇḍikka,Caṇḍikka,Caṇḍikka,(nt.) [*caṇḍikya,of caṇḍika › caṇḍaka] ferocity anger,churlishness Nd<sup>2</sup> 313,576,Dhs.418,1060,1115,1231; Vbh.357; DhA.II,227.Cp.caṇḍitta.(Page 260),8,1
  3699. 124386,en,15,candima,candimā,Candimā,Candimā,(m.or f.?) [Sk.candramas m. &#38; candrimā f.,cp.pūrṇimā; a cpd.of canda+mā,cp.māsa.The Pāli form,however,is based on a supposed derivation fr.canda+mant,like bhagavā,and is most likely m.On this formation cp.Lat.lumen=Sk.rukmān luminous,shiny] the moon.By itself only in similes at Dh.208,387 (at end of pada) &#38; in “abbhā mutto va candimā" M.II,104=Dh.172=Th.1,871; Dh.382=Th.1,873; Ps.I,175.-- Otherwise only in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>suriya</i>,moon &#38; sun,D.I,240; II,12; III,85 sq.,90,112; S.II,266; V,264 sq.; A.I,227; II,53,130; V,59; Vv 30; J.II,213; Miln.191; Vism.153.Also in cpd.<i>candimāpabhā</i> the light of the moon (thus BB,whereas SS read at all passages candiyā° or candiya-pabhā) S.III,156=V.44= It.20.(Page 262),7,1
  3700. 124447,en,15,canditta,caṇḍitta,Caṇḍitta,Caṇḍitta,(nt.) anger Dhs.418; Pug.18=22.Cp.caṇḍikka.(Page 260),8,1
  3701. 124509,en,15,cangavara,caṅgavāra,Caṅgavāra,Caṅgavāra,[cp.Tamil caṅguvaḍa a dhoney,Anglo-Ind.ḍoni,a canoe hollowed from a log,see also doṇi] a hollow vessel,a bowl,cask M.I,142; J.V,186 (in similes).As <i>°ka</i> Miln.365 (trsl.Miln.II,278 by “straining cloth").‹-› Cp.cañcu “a box" Divy 131.(Page 260),9,1
  3702. 124523,en,15,cangotaka,caṅgoṭaka,Caṅgoṭaka,Caṅgoṭaka,[cp.caṅgavāra] a casket,a box J.I,65; IV,257; V,110,303; VI,369,534; DhA.II,116; III,101; VvA.33,158; Mhvs.IV,106; Anvs p.35 Vism.173.(Page 260),9,1
  3703. 124539,en,15,cankama,caṅkama,Caṅkama,Caṅkama,[Sk.caṅkrama &#38; caṅkramā,fr.caṅkamati] (a) walking up &#38; down S.IV,104.-- (b) the place where one is walking,esp.a terraced walk,cloister Vin.I,15,182; II,220; D.I,105; S.I,212; A.I,114; 183; III,29; IV,87; J.I,17; II,273; V,132 (cp.kattaradaṇḍa-passages).(Page 260),7,1
  3704. 124565,en,15,cankamana,caṅkamana,Caṅkamana,Caṅkamana,(nt.) [fr.caṅkamati] 1.walking up &#38; down S.II,282; DhA.I,10.-- 2.a cloister walk (=caṅkama) VvA.188.Usually °-:Vin.I,139 (°sālā); J.III,85; IV,329; PvA.79 (°koṭi the far end of the cloister).(Page 260),9,1
  3705. 124657,en,15,cankamati,caṅkamati,Caṅkamati,Caṅkamati,[Intens.of kamati,to <em>kram</em>=Sk.caṅkramīti; cp.kamati] to walk about,to walk up &#38; down Vin.I,15,182; II,193,220; IV,18; S.I,107,212; PvA.105.-- Caus.caṅkamāpeti J.III,9.(Page 260),9,1
  3706. 124676,en,15,cankamika,caṅkamika,Caṅkamika,Caṅkamika,(adj.) [fr.caṅkama] one who has the habit of walking about Miln.216 (ṭhāna° standing &#38; walking).(Page 260),9,1
  3707. 124718,en,15,cankora,caṅkora,Caṅkora,Caṅkora,[cp.cakora] the Greek partridge Vv 35<sup>8</sup> (cp.VvA.163); J.VI,538.(Page 260),7,1
  3708. 124746,en,15,capa,cāpa,Cāpa,Cāpa,(m.nt.) [Sk.cāpa,from <i>*qēp</i> tremble,cp.capala wavering,quivering] a bow M.I,429 (opposed to kodaṇḍa); Dh.156 (°âtikhīṇa shot from the bow,cp.DhA.III,132),320 (Abl.cāpāto metri causa); J.IV,272; V,400; Miln.105 (daḷha°),352.<br><br> <i>--koṭi</i> the end of a bow VvA.261; nāḷi (f.) a bow-case J.II,88; <i>--lasuṇa</i> (nt.) a kind of garlic Vin.IV,259.(Page 264),4,1
  3709. 124767,en,15,capala,capala,Capala,Capala,(adj.) [Sk.capala cp.cāpa bow; from <i>*qep</i> to shake or quiver,see Walde Lat.Wtb.under caperro] moving to &#38; fro,wavering,trembling,unsteady,fickle S.I,204; V,269; M.I,470 (and a° steady); A.III,199,355,391; Dh.33; Pug.35; J.I,295; II,360.At J.VI,548 it means one who lets the saliva flow out of his mouth (expl<sup>d</sup> by paggharita-lāla “trickle-spit").(Page 262),6,1
  3710. 124789,en,15,capalata,capalatā,Capalatā,Capalatā,(f.) [fr.last] fickleness,unsteadiness Miln.93.251; Pgdp 47,64.At Nd<sup>2</sup> 585 as capalanā+cāpalyaṃ with gedhikatā,meaning greed,desire (cp.capala at J.VI,548).(Page 262),8,1
  3711. 124798,en,15,capalla,cāpalla,Cāpalla,Cāpalla,(nt.) [Der.fr.capala,Sk.cāpalya] fickleness D.I,115 (=DA.I,286).Also as cāpalya M.I,470; Vbh.351; Vism.106.(Page 264),7,1
  3712. 124825,en,15,cappeti,cappeti,Cappeti,Cappeti,[Sk.carvayati Dhtp 295 gives root <em>cabb</em> in meaning “adana"] to chew Bdhgh on Vin.II,115.Cp.jappati.(Page 262),7,1
  3713. 124830,en,15,capu,capu,Capu,Capu,(or capucapu) a sound made when smacking one’s lips Vin.II,214 (capucapukāraka adj.),221; IV,197.(Page 262),4,1
  3714. 124848,en,15,cara,cara,Cara,Cara,(n-adj.) [from <i>car</i>,carati] 1.the act of going about,walking; one who walks or lives (usually --°):oka° living in water M.I,117; J.VI,416; antara° S.IV,173; eka° solitary Sn.166; saddhiṃ° a companion Sn.45; anattha° J.V,433; jala° Dāvs.IV,38.See also cāreti &#38; gocara.-- Instr.<i>carasā</i> (adv.) walking M.I,449.-- cara-vāda “going about talk," gossip,idle talk S.III,12; V,419.-- sucara easy,duccara difficult Vin.III,26.-- 2.one who is sent on a message,a secret emissary,a spy S.I,79.Also as carapurisa J.II,404; IV,343; VI,469; DhA.I,193.‹-› Note.--cara-purāya at A.V,133 should be changed into v.l.SS paramparāya.(Page 262),4,1
  3715. 124862,en,15,cara,cāra,Cāra,Cāra,[fr.<em>car</em> carati to move about] motion,walking,going; doing,behaviour,action,process Miln.162 (+vihāra); Dhs.8=85 (=vicāra); DhsA.167.Usually --° (n. &#38; adj.):kāma° going at will J.IV,261; pamāda° a slothful life J.I,9; piṇḍa° alms-begging Sn.414,708; sabbaratti° wandering all night S.I,201; samavattha° A.III,257.See also carati I<sup>b</sup>.<br><br> <i>--vihāra</i> doing &#38; behaving,i.e.good conduct J.II,232; Dpvs.VI,38; cp.Miln.162 (above).(Page 264),4,1
  3716. 124880,en,15,carahi,carahi,Carahi,Carahi,(adv.) [Sk.tarhi; with change t <i>to</i> c due to analogy with °ci (°cid) in comb<sup>n</sup> with interr.] then,therefore,now,esp.after interr.pron.:ko carahi jānāti who then knows? Sn.990; kathañ carahi jānemu how then shall we know? Sn.999; kiñ c.A.V,194.-- Vin.I,36; II,292; Sn.988; J.III,312; Miln.25; DA.I,289.(Page 263),6,1
  3717. 124893,en,15,caraka,caraka,Caraka,Caraka,1.=cara<sup>2</sup> (a messenger) J.VI,369 (attha°); adj.walking through:sabbalokaṃ° J.V,395.-- 2.any animal S.I,106; PvA.153 (vana°).(Page 263),6,1
  3718. 124904,en,15,caraka,cāraka,Cāraka,Cāraka,(cārika) (adj.) wandering about,living,going,behaving,always --°,like ākāsa°,niketa°,pure° (see pubbaṅgama),vana°,-- f.cārikā journey,wandering,esp.as <i>cārikaṃ carati</i> to go on alms-pilgrimage (see carati I<sup>b</sup>) Vin.I,83; J.I,82; II,286; Dh.326; Miln.14,22; °ñ pakkamati to set out wandering J.I,87; Miln.16.‹-› S.I,199; M.I,117; A.III,257; DA.I,239 sq.(in detail on two cārikā); VvA.165; EnA 295 (unchā°).(Page 265),6,1
  3719. 124939,en,15,carana,caraṇa,Caraṇa,Caraṇa,(nt.) [of a deer,called pañca-hattha “having 5 hands," i.e.the mouth and the 4 feet] 1.walking about,grazing,feeding VvA.308 (°ṭṭhāna).-- 2.the foot Vin.IV,212; J.V,431.-- 3.acting,behaviour,good conduct,freq.in comb<sup>n</sup> with vijjā,e.g.A.II,163; V,327; Dh.144; Vism.202 (in detail); PvA.1,etc.‹-› D.III,97,156; Sn.410,462,536; Miln.24.sampannacaraṇa (adj.) accomplished in right behaviour S.I,153,166; Sn.1126; Pv.II,13<sup>8</sup>.-- Cp.sañ°.(Page 263),6,1
  3720. 124950,en,15,carana,cāraṇa,Cāraṇa,Cāraṇa,(adj.)=cāraka Sn.162 (saṃsuddha°).(Page 265),6,1
  3721. 125020,en,15,caranavant,caraṇavant,Caraṇavant,Caraṇavant,(adj.) one of good conduct (=sampannacaraṇa) Sn.533,536.(Page 263),10,1
  3722. 125036,en,15,caranika,cāraṇika,Cāraṇika,Cāraṇika,v.v.vāraṇika Th.I,1129? a little play,masque,cp.Sk cāraṇa &#38; Mrs.Rh.D.Pss of the Brethren,419.(Page 265),8,1
  3723. 125062,en,15,carapeti,carāpeti,Carāpeti,Carāpeti,[Caus.11.of carati] to cause to move,to make go J.I,267 (bheriṃ c.to have the drum beaten); PvA.75 (do.); DhA.I,398 (to circulate).As cārāpeti J.V,510 (bheriṃ).(Page 263),8,1
  3724. 125094,en,15,carati,carati,Carati,Carati,[Vedic carati,<i>*qǔel</i> to move,turn,turn round (cp.kaṇṭha &#38; kula)=Lat.colo (incolo),Gr.pέlomai,poλos (also ai)poλos goat-herd &#38; boukoλos cowherd=gocara); also P.cakka,q.v.A doublet of <i>car</i> is <i>cal</i>,see calati Dhtp 243 expl<sup>d</sup> <i>car</i> by “gati-bhakkhanesu"] to move about,to “live and move," to behave,to be.-- Imper.act.cara (J.I,152),carā (metri causa,J.III,393); ‹-› imper.med.carassu (Sn.696),pl.carāmase (=exhortative,Sn.32); -- ppr.caranto (J.I,152; PvA.14) &#38; caraṃ (Sn.151; Dh.61,305; It.117); med.caramāna (Vin.I,83; Pv.I,10<sup>10</sup>; PvA.160); -- pot.careyya (Sn.45,386,1065; Dh.142,328) &#38; care (Sn.35; Dh.49,168,329; It.120); -- fut.carissati (M.I,428); -- aor.sg.1<sup>st</sup> acariṃ (S.III,29),acārisaṃ (Pv III,9<sup>5</sup>),3<sup>rd</sup> acari (Sn.344),acāri (Sn.354; Dh.326); cari (J.II,133).-- pl.3<sup>rd</sup> acariṃsu (Sn.809),acārisuṃ (Sn.284); cariṃsu (Sn.289),acaruṃ (Sn.289),acāruṃ (J.VI,114); -- inf.carituṃ (caritu-kāma J.II,103); -- ger.caritvā (J.I,50) &#38; caritvāna (Sn.816); -- pp.ciṇṇa (q.v.) -- Caus.cāreti (=denom.of cara),pp.carita.2<sup>nd</sup> caus.carāpeti (q.v.).-- See also cara,caraṇa,cariyā,cāraka,cārikā,cārin.<br><br> Meaning:1.Lit.(a) to move about,to walk,travel,etc.; almost synon.with gacchati in contrast to tiṭṭhati to stand still; cp.phrase carañ vā yadi vā tiṭṭhaṃ nisinno udāhu sayaṃ It.117 (walking,standing,sitting,reclining; the four iriyāpathā); care tiṭṭhe acche saye It.120; tiṭṭhaṃ caraṃ nisinno vā sayāno vā Sn.151.‹-› Defined as “catūhi iriyāpathehi vicarati" (i.e.more generally applied as “behaviour," irrespective of position) DhA.II,36.Expl.constantly by series viharati iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti Nd<sup>2</sup> 237.-- carāmi loke I move about (=I live) in the world Sn.25,455; agiho c.I lead a homeless life Sn.456,464; eko c.he keeps to himself Sn.35,956; Dh.305,329; sato c.he is mindful Sn.1054,1085; gocaraṃ gaṇhanto c.to walk about grazing (see below) J.III,275; gavesanto c.to look for J.I,61.-- (b) With definition of a purpose:piṇḍāya c.to go for alms (gāmaṃ to the village) Sn.386; bhikkhāya c.id.J.III,82.-- With Acc.(in etymol.constr.) to undertake,set out for,undergo,or simply to perform,to do.Either with c.cārikaṃ to wander about,to travel:Vin.I,83; S.I,305 (applied:“walk ye a walk"); Sn.92; Dh.326; PvA.14 (janapada-cārikaṃ),160 (pabbata-c° wandering over the mountains); or with <i>cāraṃ</i>:piṇḍa-c.° carati to perform the begging-round Sn.414; or with <i>caritaṃ</i>:duccaritaṃ c.to lead a bad life Sn.665 (see carita).Also with Acc.of similar meaning,as esanaṃ c.to beg Th.1,123; vadhaṃ c.to kill Th.1,138; dukkhaṃ c.to undergo pain S.I,210.‹-› (c) In pregnant sense:to go out for food,to graze (as gocaraṃ c.to pasture,see gocara).Appl.to cows:caranti gāvo Sn.20; J.III,479; or to the bhikkhu:Pv.I,10<sup>10</sup> (bh.caramāno=bhikkhāya c.PvA.51); Sn.386 (vikāle na c.buddhā:the Buddhas do not graze at the wrong time).-- 2.Appl<sup>d</sup> meaning:(a) abs.to behave,conduct oneself Sn.1080; J.VI,114; Miln.25 (kāmesu micchā c.to commit immorality).-- (b) with obj.to practise,exercise,lead a life:brahmacariyaṃ c.to lead a life of purity Vin.I,17; Sn.289,566,1128; dhammañ c.to walk in righteousness J.I,152; sucaritaṃ c.to act rightly,duccaritaṃ c.to act perversely S.I,94; Dh.231.(Page 263),6,1
  3725. 125158,en,15,careti,cāreti,Cāreti,Cāreti,[denom.fr.cara; cp.carati] to set going,to pasture,feed,preserve:indriyāni c.to feast one’s senses (cp.Ger.“augenweide") PvA.58; khantiṃ c.to feed meekness DA.I,277; olambakaṃ cārento drooping J.I,174; Pass.ppr.<i>cāriyamāna</i> being handed round J.IV,2 (not vā°)--pp.<i>carita</i>.-- Cp.vi°.(Page 265),6,1
  3726. 125247,en,15,carima,carima,Carima,Carima,(adj.) [Vedic carama,Gr.tέlos end,paλai a long time (ago)] subsequent,last (opp.pubba) Th.1,202; It.18; J.V,120.-- <i>acarima</i> not later (apubba ac° simultaneously) D.I,185; M.III,65; Pug.13.<br><br> <i>--bhava</i> the last rebirth (in Saṃsāra,with ref.to Arahantship) ThA.260,cp.caramabhavika in Divy (freq.) &#38; next.(Page 263),6,1
  3727. 125272,en,15,carimaka,carimaka,Carimaka,Carimaka,(adj.) last (=carima) M.I,426; Nd<sup>2</sup> 569<sup>b</sup> (°viññāṇassa nirodha,the destruction of the last conscious state,of the death of an Arahant); Vism.291.(Page 263),8,1
  3728. 125318,en,15,carin,cārin,Cārin,Cārin,(only --°) (adj.) walking,living,experiencing; behaving,acting,practising.(a) lit.asaṅga° S.I,199; akāla° Sn.386; ambu° Sn.62; vihaṅgapatha° Sdhp.241; sapadāna° M.I,30; Sn.65; pariyanta° Sn.904.‹-› (b) fig.anudhamma° Sn.69; āgu° A.II,240; A.III,163; dhamma° Miln.19; brahma° Sn.695; manāpa° Vv 31<sup>4</sup>; yata° Sn.971; sama° Miln.19.See all s.v. &#38; cp.caṭu.(Page 265),5,1
  3729. 125345,en,15,carita,carita,Carita,Carita,[pp.of cāreti,see cara &#38; carati] 1.(adj.) going,moving,being like,behaving (-°) J.VI,313; Miln.92 (rāgac°=ratta); Vism.105,114 (rāga°,dosa°,moha°,etc.).-- 2.(nt.) action,behaviour,living Dh.330 (ekassa c.living alone); Ps.I,124; Miln.178.See also carati 1<sup>b</sup>,2<sup>b</sup>.Esp.freq.with su° and duc°:good,right,proper or (nt.) good action,right conduct &#38; the opposite; e.g.<i>sucarita</i> Dh.168,231; PvA.12,71,120; <i>duccarita</i> A.I,146; II,85,141; III,267,352; D.III,111.214; Dh.169,Sn.665; Pv.I,9<sup>4</sup> (°ṃ caritvā),etc.See also kāya° vacī° mano° under kāya.(Page 263),6,1
  3730. 125381,en,15,caritaka,caritaka,Caritaka,Caritaka,(nt.) conduct (=carita<sup>2</sup>) Th.1,36.(Page 263),8,1
  3731. 125398,en,15,caritar,caritar,Caritar,Caritar,[n.agent to cāreti,cp.carita] walking,performing (c.Acc.) M.I,77.(Page 263),7,1
  3732. 125423,en,15,caritta,cāritta,Cāritta,Cāritta,(nt.) [From <em>car</em>] practice,proceeding,manner of acting,conduct J.I,90,367; II,277 (loka°); V,285 (vaṅka°); Miln.133; VvA.31.-- <i>cārittaṃ āpajjati</i> to mix with,to call on,to have intercourse with (c.Loc.) M.I,470; S.II,270 (kulesu); M.I,287=III,40 (kāmesu); J.III,46 (rakkhita-gopitesu).<br><br> <i>--vāritta</i> manner of acting &#38; avoiding J.III,195,cp.Th.1.591; Vism.10.See on their mutual relation Vism.11; <i>--sīla</i> code of morality VvA.37.(Page 265),7,1
  3733. 125496,en,15,cariya,cariya,Cariya,Cariya,(nt.) &#38; cariyā (f.) [from <em>car,</em> carati] (mostly --°) conduct,behaviour,state of,life of.Three cariyās at Ps.I,79; six at Vism.101; eight at Ps.II,19 sq.,225 &#38; four sets of eight in detail at Nd<sup>2</sup> 237<sup>b</sup>.Very freq.in dhamma° &#38; brahma°,a good walk of life,proper conduct,chastity -- eka° living alone Sn.820; unchā° begging J.II,272; III,37; bhikkhā° a life of begging Sn.700; nagga° nakedness Dh.141.-- See also carati 2<sup>b</sup>.In cpds.cariyā°.<br><br> <i>--piṭaka</i> the last book in the Khuddaka-nikāya; <i>--manussa</i> a spy,an outpost J.III,361 (v.l.cārika°).(Page 263),6,1
  3734. 125603,en,15,caru,cāru,Cāru,Cāru,(adj.) [Vedic cāru &#38; cāyu to <i>*qe -- *qā</i>,as in kāma,Lat.carus,etc.,see under kāma] charming,desirable,pleasant,beautiful J.VI,481; Miln.201; Sdhp.428,512; VvA.36 (=vaggu),sucāru S.I,181; Pv.II,12<sup>12</sup> (=suṭṭhumanorama).<br><br> <i>--dassana</i> lovely to behold Sn.548; J.VI,449 (expl.on p.450 as:cāru vuccati suvaṇṇaṃ=suvaṇṇadassana); VI,579; f.<i>--ī</i> Pv III,6<sup>14</sup>.(Page 265),4,1
  3735. 125734,en,15,cati,cāṭi,Cāṭi,Cāṭi,(f.) [cp.Hindī cāṭā] 1.a jar,vessel,pot J.I,199; 302 (pānīya°); III,277 (madhu° honey jar); DhA.I,394 (tela° oil tank); VvA.76 (sālibhatta° holding a meal of rice).‹-› 2.a measure of capacity J.II,404; IV,343.-- 3.a large vessel of the tank type used for living in Vin.I,153.<br><br> <i>--pañjara</i> a cage made of,or of the form of a large earthen jar,wherein a man could lie in ambush J.V,372,385; <i>--pāla</i> (nt.) an earthenware shield (?) J.V,373 (=kīṭa).(Page 264),4,1
  3736. 125787,en,15,catta,catta,Catta,Catta,[pp.of cajati] given up.sacrificed A.II,41; III,50; Th.1,209 (°vaṇṇa who has lost fame); J.II,336; IV,195; V,41 (°jīvita).(Page 261),5,1
  3737. 125882,en,15,cattarisa,cattārīsa,Cattārīsa,Cattārīsa,( &#38; cattālīsa) [Sk.catvāriṃśat] forty S.II,85; Sn.p.87; It.99≈.Usually cattāḷīsa J.I,58; V,433; DhA.I,41; II,9.93.<br><br> <i>--danta</i> having 40 teeth (one of the characteristics of a Mahāpurisa) D II 18; III,144,172.(Page 261),9,1
  3738. 125892,en,15,cattarisaka,cattārīsaka,Cattārīsaka,Cattārīsaka,(adj.) having forty M.III,77.(Page 261),11,1
  3739. 125919,en,15,cattatta,cattatta,Cattatta,Cattatta,(nt.) [fr.catta] the fact of giving up,abandonment,resignation Vbh.254 sq.; DhsA.381.(Page 261),8,1
  3740. 125951,en,15,catu,cāṭu,Cāṭu,Cāṭu,[cp.cāru] pleasant,polite in <i>°kammatā</i> politeness,flattery Miln.370 (cp.Sk.cāṭukāra); cāṭu-kamyatā Vbh.246; Vism.17,23,27; KhA 236.(Page 264),4,1
  3741. 126706,en,15,catukka,catukka,Catukka,Catukka,<sup>2</sup> [origin.“consisting only of one quarter"?] empty,shallow,little Nd<sup>2</sup> 415 (°pañña,with omakapañña,lāmaka-p°); J.IV,441 (nadī=tuccha Com.).(Page 261),7,1
  3742. 126707,en,15,catukka,catukka,Catukka,Catukka,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.catu=*catuka › *catukyaṃ] 1.a tetrad,a set of four,consisting of four parts:°pañcakajjhānā (pl.) the fourfold &#38; the fivefold system of meditation DhsA.168; see cpds.-- 2.a place where four roads meet J.VI,389; Miln.330 (see also below); esp.in phrase catukke catukke kasāhi tāḷeti (or is it “in sets of four"? See Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,79) J.I,326; II,123; DhA.IV,52.-- 3.a square (in a village) Miln.1,365; J.II,194; V,459; DhA 317.<br><br> <i>--bhatta</i> a meal for four bhikkhus Vin.II,77; III,160; <i>--magga</i> the 4 fold path Nett 113; <i>--yañña</i> (usually sabba catukka°) a sacrifice consisting of (all) the four parts J.III,44,45; PvA.280; cp.J.I,335.(Or is it the “cross-road sacrifice"?) (Page 260),7,1
  3743. 126865,en,15,catula,caṭula,Caṭula,Caṭula,(adj.) [Sk.catura] clever,skilled Mhbv 148.See catura.(Page 260),6,1
  3744. 127553,en,15,catur,catur,Catur,Catur,catu° in composition [Vedic catvārah (m.) catvāri (nt.) fr.*qǔetuor,*qǔetur=Gr.tέttares (hom.piζurQs),Lat.quattuor,Goth.fidwōr,Ohg.fior,Ags fēower,E.four; catasras (f.) fr.*qǔ(e)tru,cp.tisras.Also as adv.catur fr.*quetrus=Lat.quater &#38; quadru°] base of numeral four; 1.As num.adj.Nom. &#38; Acc.m.cattāro (Dh.109; J.III,51) and caturo (Sn.84,188),f.catasso (Sn.1122),nt.cattāri (Sn.227); Gen.m.catunnaṃ (Sn.p.102),[f.catassannaṃ]; Instr.catubbhi (Sn.229),catūhi (Sn.231) &#38; catuhi; Loc.catūsu (J.I,262) &#38; catusu.-- 2.As num.adv.,catu° catur° in cpds.catuddasa (14),also through elision &#38; reduction cuddasa PvA.55,283,etc.,cp.also cātuddasī.Catuvīsati (24) Sn.457; catusaṭṭhi (64) J.I,50; II,193; PvA.74; caturāsīti (84) usually with vassa-sahassāni J.I,137; II,311; Pv IV.7<sup>7</sup>; DhA.II,58; PvA.9,31,254,etc.See also cattārīsa (40).<br><br> <i>--(r)aṃsa</i> (=caturassa,having four edges,four-edged Dhs.617; PvA.189 (read °sobhitāya); <i>--(r)aṅga</i> (consisting of) four limbs or divisions,fourfold M.I,77; J.I,390; II,190,192; VI,169 (uposatha,cp.aṭṭhaṅga); Dpvs.I,6; Sdhp.64; <i>--(r)aṅgika</i>=prec.Dhs.147,157,397; KhA 85; Sdhp.58; <i>--(r)aṅgin</i> (adj.) comprising four parts,f.°inī,of an army consisting of elephants,chariots,cavalry &#38; infantry D.II,190; J.II,102,104; Vism.146; SnA 225,353; DhA.IV,144; cp.J.VI,275; <i>--(r)aṅgula</i> (adj.) measuring 4 fingers,4 fingers broad or wide,Vin.I,46; S.II,178; J.VI,534; Th.1,1137; Vism.124.<i>--(r)aṅgulika</i>=prec.Th.2,498 (-ThA,290); <i>--(r)anta</i> see cāturQ; <i>--(r)assa</i> [catur+assa<sup>2</sup>] four-cornered,quadrangular,regular Vin.II,310 (Bdhgh); J.IV,46 (āvāṭa) 492 (sālā); V,49; Pv.II,1<sup>19</sup>.Cp.caturaṃsa &#38; next; <i>--(r)assara</i> (see last) with 4 sharp sides (of a hammer; °muggara) DhA.I,126; <i>--(r)âdhiṭṭhāna</i> (adj.) one who has taken the four resolutions (see adhiṭṭhāna) M.III,239; <i>--(r)âpassena</i> (adj.) endowed with the four apassena:lit.:reclining on four A.V,29,30; D.III,269,270; <i>--ussada</i> (catussada) full of four,endowed with 4 things,rich in four attributes J.IV,309 (expld.p.311 as having plenty of people,grain,wood &#38; water); IV,422=461 “with four pillows" (p.422 has caturassada for caturussada,which latter is also to be preferred to catussada,unless this is a haplology).In the same connection occurs satt-ussada (full of people) D.I,111 e.g. &#38; Pv IV.1<sup>8</sup> (see satta).The formation “cattussada" has probably been influenced by “sattussada"; <i>--(k)kaṇṇa</i> ( &#38; °ka) (a) with 4 corners Vin.II,137; J.III,255.-- (b) “between four ears," i.e.secret,of manta (counsel) J.VI,391; <i>--(k)kama</i> walking with four (feet),quadruped Vv 64<sup>8</sup>; Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup>; <i>--kuṇḍika</i> on all fours M.I,79; A.III,188; D.III,6; Pv III,2<sup>7</sup> (cp.PvA.181); <i>--koṇa</i> four cornered,crossed,in °raccha cross road PvA.24; <i>--(k)khandha</i> the four khandhas,viz.feeling,perception,synthesis &#38; intellect (see khandha) DhsA.345; <i>--(g)guṇa</i> fourfold,quadruple D.II,135; S.I,27; J.I,213; VvA.186; Sdhp.Q40; <i>--cakka</i> with four wheels S.I,16=63 (said of the human body,see under cakka); <i>--jāta</i> of four sorts,viz.gandha (perfume) having four ingredients ThA.72 (see next) <i>--jāti</i> of four kinds J.I,265,V.79; (gandha).These 4 ingredients of perfume are saffron,jasmine,Turkish (tarukkha) &#38; Greek incense (yavana); <i>--jātiya</i> ( &#38; °jātika) in °gandha prec.J.III,291; IV,377; PvA.127; Miln.354; J.I,178 (°ka); <i>--(d)disā</i> (pl.) the 4 quarters of the globe S.I,167=Sn.p.79; D.I,251; may also be taken for Abl.sg.as adv.:in the 4 quarters Vin.I,16,cp.Acc.catuddisaṃ D.II,12; <i>--(d)dīpika</i> covering the 4 continents,of megha (a cloud) DhA.II,95; <i>--dvāra</i> with 4 gates,of a house D.I,102 (=DA.I,270); of Avīciniraya It.86; J.IV,3; Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup>; cp.Catudvāra Jātaka (No.439; J.IV,1 sq.); <i>--nahuta</i> ninety-four J.I,25; VI,486; <i>--paccaya</i> the four requisites (see paccaya) J.III,273,°santosa contentment with °DhA.IV,111; <i>--paṇṇasa</i> fiftyfour DhA.I,4; <i>--(p)patha</i> a fourways J.IV,460; <i>--(p)pada</i> [Sk.caturpād,Gr.tetrάpous,Lat.quadrupes] a quadruped Vin.II,110; S.I,6; A.V,21; Sn.603,964; It.87; J.I,152; III,82; <i>--parivaṭṭa</i> (cp.aṭṭha °adhideva-ñāṇadassana A.IV,304) fourfold circle S.III,59 sq.(pañcupādānakkhandhe).<i>--parisā</i> (f.) the fourfold assembly,scil.of male &#38; female bhikkhus &#38; upāsakas (cp.parisā) PvA.11; <i>--pala</i> fourfold Vism.339.<i>--(p)pādaka</i> (adj.) consisting of 4 padas,i.e.a sloka; f.°ikā (gāthā) a complete stanza or sloka Anvs p.35; <i>--pārisuddhasīla</i> (nt.) the four precepts of purity J.III,291; DhA.IV,111; --(b)bidha (catur+vidha) fourfold ThA,74; <i>--(b)bipallāsa</i> (catur+vipallāsa) the fourfold change (cp.Nett 85) Th+1,1143; SnA 46; <i>--byūha</i> (catur+vyūha) arranged in 4 arrays (of hāra) Nett 3,105; <i>--bhāga</i> the 4th part,a quarter Dh.108; <i>--bhūmika</i> having 4 stories or stages (of citta or dhamma) DhA.I,21; IV,72; DhsA.344,345; cp.Vism.493 (of indriya); <i>--madhura</i> (nt.) sweetness (syrup) of 4 (ingredients) DA.I,136; ThA.68; <i>--mahāpatha</i> a crossing on a high-road Vism.235.<i>--mahābhūtika</i> consisting of the four great elements DhsA.403; <i>--(m)mahārājika</i>:see cātum°; <i>--māsa</i> 4 months,a season PvA.96; Dpvs.I,24,37 (cā°); see under māsa; <i>--sacca</i> the four truths or facts (see ariyasacca) DhA.III,380; Miln.334; (s)sāla (nt.) [catur+sāla] a square formed by 4 houses,in phrasc catuhi gabbhehi paṭimaṇḍitaṃ catussālaṃ kāretvā VvA.220; DhA.III,291; <i>--’ha</i> (catuha &#38; catūha) 4 days; catuhena within 4 days S.II,191; catūhapañcāha 4 or 5 days Vin.IV,280.-- See also cpds.with cātu°.(Page 261),5,1
  3745. 127554,en,15,catur°,cātur°,Cātur°,Cātur°,(and cātu°) [see catur] consisting of four.Only in cpds.viz.<br><br> <i>--(r)anta</i> (adj.) “of four ends," i.e.covering or belonging to the 4 points of the compass,all-encircling,Ep.of the earth:J.II,343 (paṭhavī); IV,309 (mahī) --(n-m.) one who rules over the 4 points; i.e.over the whole world (of a Cakkavattin) D.I,88 (cp.DA.I,249); II,16; Sn.552.See also Sp.AvS.II,111,n.2; <i>--kummāsa</i> sour gruel with four ingredients VvA.308; <i>--(d)dasī</i> (f.) [to catuddasa fourteen] the 14<sup>th</sup> day of the lunar half month A.I,144.PvA.55; VvA.71,99,129.With pancadasī,aṭṭhamī &#38; pāṭihāriyapakkha at Sn.402; Vv 15<sup>5</sup>.<i>°dasika</i> belonging to the 14<sup>th</sup> day at Vin.IV,315; <i>--(d)disa</i> (adj.) belonging to,or comprising the four quarters,appl<sup>d</sup> to a man of humanitarian mind Sn.42 (“showing universal love," see Nd<sup>2</sup> 239); cp.RV X.136.Esp.appl<sup>d</sup> to the bhikkhu-saṅgha “the universal congregation of bhikkhus" Vin I 305; II,147; D.I,145; J.I,93; Pv.II,2<sup>8</sup>; III,2<sup>14</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> PvA.185 by catūhi disāhi āgata-bhikkhu-saṅgha).Cp.AvŚ I.266; II,109; <i>--(d)dīpa</i> of four continents:rājā Th.2,486; cp.M Vastu I.108,114; <i>--(d)dīpaka</i> sweeping over the whole earth (of a storm) Vin.I,290,cp.J.IV,314 &#38; AvŚ I.258; <i>--(b)bedā</i> (pl.) the four Vedas Miln.3; <i>--māsin</i> of 4 months; f.°inī Vin.I,155; D.I,47; M.III,79; DA.I,139,cp.komudī; <i>--(m)mahāpatha</i> the place where 4 roads cross,a crossroad D.I,102,194=243; M.I,124; III,91; cp.catu°.<i>--(m)mahābhūtika</i> consisting of the 4 great elements (of kāya) D.I,34,55,186,195; S.II,94 sq.; Miln.379; cp.Av.Ś II.191 &#38; Sk.cāṭurbhautika; <i>--(m)mahārājikā</i> (pl.) (sc.devā) the retinue of the Four Kings,inhabiting the lowest of the 6 devalokas Vin.I,12; III,18; D.I,215; Nd<sup>2</sup> 307 (under devā); J.II,311 (deva-loka); <i>--yāma</i> (saṃvara) fourfold restraint (see yāma) D.I,57,58 (cp.DA.I,167); III,48 sq.; S.I,66; M.I,377; Vism.410.Cp.Dial.I.75 n<sup>1</sup>.(Page 264),6,1
  3746. 127560,en,15,catura,catura,Catura,Catura,[Deriv.uncertain.Perhaps from <i>tvar</i> to move,that is quickly.Sk.catura] clever,skilled,shrewd J.III,266; VI,25.-- Der.f.abstr.<i>caturatā</i> cleverness Vbh.351 (=cāturiya).(Page 261),6,1
  3747. 127899,en,15,caturiya,caturiya,Caturiya,Caturiya,at Vv 41<sup>2</sup> is to be read ca turiya,etc.Otherwise see cāturiya.(Page 261),8,1
  3748. 127906,en,15,caturiya,cāturiya,Cāturiya,Cāturiya,(nt.) [cp.catura+iya] skill,cleverness,shrewdness J.III,267; VI,410; ThA,227; Vbh.551; Vism.104; Dāvs.V,30.(Page 264),8,1
  3749. 128406,en,15,catuttha,catuttha,Catuttha,Catuttha,(num.ord.) [Vedic caturtha,Idg.<i>*queturto</i>=Gr.tέtratos,Lat.quartus,Ohg.fiordo] the fourth Sn.97,99,450; J.III,55; VI,367; °ṃ (adv.) for the fourth time DhA.III,174.-- f.catutthī Sn.436; Vism.338.-See also (s.v.Aḍḍha) aḍḍhuḍḍha.<br><br> <i>--bhatta</i> food eaten only every fourth day J.V,424.<i>--magga</i> “the fourth Path," of Arahantship DhA.I,309; <i>--mana</i> (?) (nt.) name of the tongue,in so far as it forms the fourth vatthu (beside eyes,ears,nose) according to the gloss:J.V,155; extremely doubtful.(Page 261),8,1
  3750. 128954,en,15,cavana,cavana,Cavana,Cavana,(nt.) [from cavati] shifting,moving,passing away,only in °dhamma doomed to fall,destined to decease D.I,18,19; III,31,33; M.I,326; It.76; J.IV,484; VI,482 (°dhammatā).(Page 264),6,1
  3751. 128965,en,15,cavana,cāvanā,Cāvanā,Cāvanā,(f.) moving,shifting,disappearance Vin.III,112 (ṭhānato); Sdhp.61 (id.).(Page 265),6,1
  3752. 129005,en,15,cavanata,cavanatā,Cavanatā,Cavanatā,(f) state of shifting,removal S.II,3≈(cuti+); M.I,49 (id.).(Page 264),8,1
  3753. 129024,en,15,cavati,cavati,Cavati,Cavati,[Vedic cyavate from <em>cyu</em>=Gr.seu/w; cp.Lat.cieo,cio,sollicitus,Gr.ki/w,kinέw,Goth.haitan=Ohg,heizan] to move,get into motion,shift,to fall away,decease,esp.to pass from one state of existence into another D.I,14 (sañsaranti c° upapajjanti,cp.DA.I,105); Kh VIII,4 (=KhA 220:apeti vigacchati acetano pi samāno puññakkhaya-vasena aññaṃ thānaṃ gacchati); It.99= Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>2</sup> (satte cavamāne upapajjamāne); It.77 (devo deva-kāyā c.“the god falls from the assembly of gods"),Sn.1073 for bhavetha (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 238;) PvA.10.Caus.cāveti:inf.cāvetuṃ S.I,128 sq.,134 (°kāma.) -- pp.cuta (q.v.),see also cuti.(Page 264),6,1
  3754. 129030,en,15,cavati,cāvati,Cāvati,Cāvati,[fr.<em>ci</em>] to honour,only in cpd.<i>--apacāyati</i> (q.v.).The Dhtp (237) defines the root <em>cāy</em> by pūjā.(Page 264),6,1
  3755. 129061,en,15,caveti,cāveti,Cāveti,Cāveti,[caus.of cavati] to bring to fall,move,drive away; disturb,distract A.IV,343 (samādhimhā); J.I,60 (inf.cāvetu-kāma); II,329 (jhānā,Abl.).Aor.acāvayi (prohib.) Sn.442 (ṭhānā).(Page 265),6,1
  3756. 129128,en,15,caya,caya,Caya,Caya,[from cināti] piling,heaping; collection,mass Vin.II,117; DhsA.44; in building:a layer Vin.II,122,152.As --° one who heaps up,a collector,hoarder M.I,452 (nikkha°,khetta°,etc.).See also ā°,apa°,upa°.(Page 262),4,1
  3757. 129163,en,15,ce,ce,Ce,Ce,[Vedic ced; ce=Lat.que in absque,ne-c,etc.,Goth.h in ni-h.see also ca 3] conditional particle “if," constructed either with Indicative (ito ce pi yojanasate,viharati even if he lived 100 y.from here D.I,117) or Conditional (tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā D.I,3),or Potential (passe ce vipulaṃ sukhaṃ Dh.290).-- Always enclitic (like Lat.que) &#38; as a rule placed after the emphasized word at the beginning of the sentence:puññañ ce puriso kayirā Dh.118; brāhmaṇo ce tvaṃ brūsi Sn.457.Usually added to pronouns or pron.adverbs:ahañ ce va kho pana ceteyyaṃ D.I,185; ettha ce te mano atthi S.I,116,or comb<sup>d</sup> with other particles,as <i>noce</i>,<i> yañce</i>,<i> sace</i> (q.v.).Freq.also in comb<sup>n</sup> with other indef.interrog.or emphatic particles,as <i>ce va kho pana</i> if then,if now:ahañ ce va kho pana pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ D.I,117; ahañ ce va kho pana abhivādeyyaṃ D.I,125; <i>api</i> (pi) <i>ce</i> even if:api ce vassasataṃ jīve mānavo Sn.589.(Page 271),2,1
  3758. 129172,en,15,cecca,cecca,Cecca,Cecca,=cicca (equal to sañcicca),ger.of cinteti,corresp.to either *cetya [<em>cet</em>] or *cintya [<em>cint</em>]; only in ster.def.jānanto sañjānanto cecca abhivitaritvā Vin.II,91; III,73,112; IV,290.(Page 271),5,1
  3759. 129192,en,15,cela,cela,Cela,Cela,(nt.) [Derivation unknown.Cp.Sk.cela] cloth,esp.clothes worn,garment,dress A.I,206; Pv.II,12<sup>7</sup> (kañcanā° for kañcana°); III,9<sup>3</sup> (for veḷa); dhāti° baby’s napkin J.III,539.In simile of one whose clothes are on fire (āditta°+ādittasīsa) S.V,440; A.II,93; III,307; IV,320.-- acela a naked ascetic D.I,161,165≈; J.V,75; VI,222.<br><br> <i>--aṇḍaka</i> (v.l.aṇḍuka) a loincloth M.I,150; <i>--ukkhepa</i> waving of garments (as sign of applause),usually with sādhukāra J.I,54; II,253; III,285; V,67; DhA.II,43; SnA.II,225; VvA.132,140; <i>--paṭṭikā</i> (not °pattika) a bandage of cloth,a turban Vin.II,128 (Bdhgh.celasandhara); M.II,93; DhA.III,136; <i>--vitāna</i> an awning J.I,178; II,289; IV,378; Mhbv 122; Vism.108.(Page 272),4,1
  3760. 129205,en,15,celaka,celaka,Celaka,Celaka,1.one who is clothed; acelaka without clothes D.I,166; M.I,77.-- 2.a standard-bearer [cp.Sk.ceḍaka P.ceṭa &#38; in meaning E.knight › Ger.knecht; knave › knabe,knappe] D.I,51; DA.I,156; A.IV,107,110; Miln.331.(Page 272),6,1
  3761. 129215,en,15,celakedu,celakedu,Celakedu,Celakedu,=cetakedu J.VI,538.(Page 272),8,1
  3762. 129229,en,15,celapaka,celāpaka,Celāpaka,Celāpaka,=celāvaka J.V,418.(Page 272),8,1
  3763. 129249,en,15,celavaka,celāvaka,Celāvaka,Celāvaka,[cp.Sk.chilla?] a kind of bird J.VI,538 (Com.celabaka; is it celā bakā?); J.V,416.See also celāpaka.(Page 272),8,1
  3764. 129284,en,15,ceta,ceṭa,Ceṭa,Ceṭa,a servant,a boy J.III,478.See next.(Page 271),4,1
  3765. 129311,en,15,cetaka,ceṭaka,Ceṭaka,Ceṭaka,a servant,a slave,a (bad) fellow Vin.IV,66; ] II.176=DhA.IV,92 (duṭṭha° miserable fellow); III,281; IV,82 (bhātika-ceṭakā rascals of brothers); V,385; Miln.222.(Page 271),6,1
  3766. 129319,en,15,cetaka,cetaka,Cetaka,Cetaka,a decoy-bird (Com.dīpaka-tittira,exciting partridge) J.III,357.(Page 271),6,1
  3767. 129329,en,15,cetakedu,cetakedu,Cetakedu,Cetakedu,a kind of bird J.VI,538.See also cela°.(Page 271),8,1
  3768. 129346,en,15,cetana,cetanā,Cetanā,Cetanā,[f.abstr.fr.<em>cet</em>,see cinteti] state of ceto in action,thinking as active thought,intention,purpose,will.Defined as action (<i>kamma</i>:A iii.415; cp.KV.VIII,9,§ 38 untraced quotation; cp.A.V,292).Often comb<sup>d</sup> w.patthanā &#38; paṇidhi (wish &#38; aspiration),e.g.S.II,99,154; A.I,32,224; V 212; Nd<sup>2</sup> 112 (in def.of asucimanussā,people of ignoble action:asuciyā cetanāya,patthanāya,paṇidhinā samannāgatā).Also classed with these in a larger group in KV.,e.g.343,380.-- Comb<sup>d</sup> w.vedanā saññā c.citta phassa manasikāra in def.of nāmakāya (opp.rūpakāya) S.II,3 (without citta),Ps.I,183 (do.); Nett 77,78.-- Enum<sup>d</sup> under the four blessings of vatthu,paccaya,c.,guṇātireka (-sampadā) &#38; def.as “cetanāya somanassa-sahagatañāṇa-sampayutta-bhāvo" at DhA.III,94.-- C.is opposed to <i>cetasika</i> (i.e.ceto) in its determination of the 7 items of good conduct (see sīla) which refers to actions of the body (or are wilful,called cetanākamma Nett 43,96; otherwise distinguished as kāya- &#38; vacīkammantā A.V,292 sq.),whereas the 3 last items (sīla 8--10) refer to the behaviour of the mind (cetasikakamma Nett.,mano-kammanta A),viz.the shrinking back from covetousness,malice, &#38; wrong views.‹-› Vin.III,112; S.III,60; A.II,232 (kaṇhassa kammassa pahānāya cetanā:intention to give up wrong-doing); VvA.72 (vadhaka-cetanā wilful murder); maraṇacetanā intention of death DhA.I,20; āhār’āsā cetanā intention consisting in deśire for food Vism.537.‹-› PvA.8,30 (pariccāga° intention to give); Pug.12; Miln.94; Sdhp.52,72.-- In scholastic lgg.often expl<sup>d</sup> as cetanā sañcetanā sañcetayitatta (viz.state or behaviour of volition) Dhs.5; Vbh.285.-- Cp.Dhs.58 (+citta); Vbh.401 (id.); Vbh.40,403; Vism.463 (cetayatī ti cetanā; abhisandahatī ti attho).(Page 271),6,1
  3769. 129383,en,15,cetanaka,cetanaka,Cetanaka,Cetanaka,(adj.) [see cetanā] connected with a thought or intention J.VI,304; usually in <i>a°</i> without a thought,unintentional J.II,375; VI,178; Vbh.419.(Page 271),8,1
  3770. 129504,en,15,cetapana,cetāpana,Cetāpana,Cetāpana,(nt.) [see cetāpeti; cp.BSk.cetanika] barter Vin.III,216,see also Vin.Texts I.22 &#38; KAcc.322.(Page 271),8,1
  3771. 129546,en,15,cetapeti,cetāpeti,Cetāpeti,Cetāpeti,[Caus.of *cetati to <em>ci</em>,collect; see also Kern,Toev.s.v.] to get in exchange,to barter,buy Vin.III,216 (expl<sup>d</sup> by parivatteti),237; IV,250.(Page 271),8,1
  3772. 129589,en,15,cetasa,cetasa,Cetasa,Cetasa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [orig.the Gen.of ceto used as nominative] only in --°:sucetasa of a good mind,good-hearted S.I,4=29,46=52; paraphrased by Buddhaghosa as sundaracetasa; pāpa° of a wicked mind,evil-minded S.I,70=98; a° without mind S.I,198; <i>sabba°</i> allhearted,with all one’s mind or heart,in phrase aṭṭhikatvā manasikatvā sabbacetaso samannāharitva ohitasoto (of one paying careful &#38; proper attention) S.I,112 sq.=189,220; A.II,116; III,163,402; IV,167.The editors have often misunderstood the phrase &#38; we freq.find vv.ll.with sabbaṃ cetaso &#38; sabbaṃ cetasā,-- appamāṇa° S.IV,186; avyāpanna° S.V,74.(Page 271),6,1
  3773. 129590,en,15,cetasa,cetasa,Cetasa,Cetasa,<sup>1</sup> N.of a tree,perhaps the yellow Myrobalan J.V,420.(Page 271),6,1
  3774. 129607,en,15,cetasika,cetasika,Cetasika,Cetasika,(adj.) belonging to ceto,mental (opp.<i>kāyika</i> physical).Kāyikaṃ sukhaṃ › cetasikaṃ s.A.I,81; S.V,209; kāyikā darathā › c.d.M.III,287,288; c.duk khaṃ D II 306; A.I,157; c.roga J.III,337.c.<i>kamma</i> is sīla 8--10 (see under cetanā) Nett 43.-- As n.comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>citta</i> it is to be taken as supplementing it,viz.mind &#38; all that belongs to it,mind and mental properties,adjuncts,co-efficients (cp.vitakka-vicāra &#38; sach cpds.as phalâphala,bhavâbhava) D.I,213; see also citta.Occurring in the Nikāyas in sg.only,it came to be used in pl.and,as an ultimate category,the 52 cetasikas,with citta as bare consciousness,practically superseded in mental analysis,the 5 khandha-category.See Cpd.p.1 and pt.II.Mrs.Rh.D.,Bud.Psy.6,148,175.<i>--°cetasikā dhammā</i> Ps.I,84; Vbh.421; Dhs.3,18,etc.(cp.Dhs.trsl.pp.6,148).(Page 271),8,1
  3775. 129695,en,15,cetaso,cetaso,Cetaso,Cetaso,Gen.sg.of ceto,functioning as Gen.to citta (see citta &#38; ceto).(Page 271),6,1
  3776. 129741,en,15,cetayita,cetayita,Cetayita,Cetayita,[pp.of ceteti,see cinteti] intended A.V,187; Miln.62.(Page 271),8,1
  3777. 129776,en,15,ceteti,ceteti,Ceteti,Ceteti,see cinteti.(Page 272),6,1
  3778. 129834,en,15,cetiya,cetiya,Cetiya,Cetiya,(nt.) [cp.from <em>ci</em>,to heap up,cp.citi,cināti] 1.a tumulus,sepulchral monument,cairn,M.I,20; Dh.188; J.I,237; VI,173; SnA 194 (dhātu-gharaṃ katvā cetiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ); KhA 221; DhA.III,29 (dhātu°); IV,64; VvA.142; Sdhp.428,430.Pre-Buddhistic cetiyas mentioned by name are Aggāḷava° Vin.II,172; S.I,185; Sn.p.59; DhA.III,170; Ānanda° D.II,123,126; Udena° D.II,102,118; III,9; DhA.III,246; Gotama (ka)° ibid.; Cāpāla° D.II,102,118; S.V,250; Ma- kuṭabandhana° D.II,160; Bahuputta° D.II,102,118; III,10; S.II,220; A.IV,16; Sattambaka° D.II,102,118; Sārandada D.II,118,175; A.III,167; Supatiṭṭha° Vin.I,35.<br><br> <i>--aṅgaṇa</i> the open space round a Cetiya Miln.366; Vism.144,188,392; DA.I,191,197; VvA.254.<i>--vandanā</i> Cetiya worship Vism.299.(Page 272),6,1
  3779. 130009,en,15,ceto,ceto,Ceto,Ceto,(nt.) [Sk.cetas]=citta,q.v.for detail concerning derivation,inflexion &#38; meaning.Cp.also cinteti.‹-› Only the Gen.<i>cetaso</i> &#38; the Instr.<i>cetasā</i> are in use; besides these there is an adj.cetaso,der.from Nom.base cetas.Another adj.-form is the inflected Nom.ceto,occurring only in <i>viceto</i> S.V,447 (+ummatto,out of mind).<br><br> <I>I</I>.<i> Ceto</i> in its relation to similar terms:(a) with <i>kāya </i>&<i> vācā</i>:kāyena vācāya cetasā (with hand,speech &#38; heart) Sn.232; Kh IX.kāya (vācā°,ceto°) --muni a saint in action,speech &#38; thought A.I,273= Nd<sup>2</sup> 514.In this phrase the Nd has mano° for ceto°,which is also a v.l.at A-passage.-- (b) with <i>paññā</i> (see citta IV.b) in ceto-vimutti,paññā-vimutti (see below IV.).-- (c) with samādhi,pīti,sukha,etc.:see °pharaṇatā below.<br><br> <I>II</I>.<i> Cetaso</i> (Gen.) (a) heart.c° upakkilesa (stain of h.) D.III,49,101; S.V,93.līnatta (attachment) S.V,64.appasāda (unfaith) S.I,179; ekodibhāva (singleness) D.III,78; S.IV,236 (see 2<sup>nd</sup> jhāna); āvaraṇāni (hindrances) S 66.-- vimokkha (redemption) S.I,159.santi (tranquillity) Sn.584,593.vūpasama (id.) A.I,4; S.V,65.vinibandha (freedom) D.III,238= A.III,249; IV,461 sq.-- (b) mind.c° vikkhepa (disturbance) A.III,448; V,149:uttrāsa (fear) Vbh.367.abhiniropanā (application) Dhs.7.-(c) thought.in c° parivitakko udapādi “there arose a reflection in me (Gen.)” S.I,139; II,273; III,96,103.<br><br> <I>III</I>,<i> Cetasā</i> (Instr.) -- (a) heart.mettā-sahagatena c.(with a h.full of love) freq.in phrase ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā,etc.e.g.D.I,186,III,78,223; S.IV,296; A.I,183; II,129; IV,390; V,299,344; Vbh.272.ujubhūtena (upright) S.II,279; A.I,63; vivaṭena (open) D.III,223= S.V,263; A.IV,86.macchera-maḷa-pariyuṭṭhitena (in which has arisen the dirt of selfishness) S.IV,240; A.II,58.santim pappuyya c.S.I,212.taṇhādhipateyyena (standing under the sway of thirst) S.III,103.-- vippasannena (devout) S.I,32=57,100; Dh.79; Pv.I,10<sup>10</sup>.muttena A.IV,244.vimariyādi-katena S.III,31.vigatâbhijjhena D.III,49.pathavī-āpo etc.-samena A.IV,375 sq.ākāsasamena A.III,315 sq.sabba° S.II,220.abhijjhā-sahagatena A.I,206.satārakkhena D.III,269; A.V,30.-- migabhūtena cetasā,with the heart of a wild creature M.I,450.-- acetasā without feeling,heartlessly J.IV,52,57.-- (b) mind:in two phrases,viz.(a) c.<i>anuvitakketi anuvicāreti</i> “to ponder &#38; think over in one’s mind” D.III,242; A.I,264; III,178; ‹-› (b) c.<i>pajānāti</i> (or manasikaroti) “to know in one’s mind,” in the foll.expressions:para-sattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto-paricca pajānāti “he knows in his mind the ways of thought (the state of heart) of other beings” (see ceto-paricca &#38; °pariyāya) M.II,19; S.II,121,213; V,265; A.I,255=III,17=280.puggalaṃ paduṭṭha-cittaṃ evaṃ c° ceto-paricca p.It.12,cp.13.Arahanto ...Bhagavanto c° cetoparicca viditā D.III,100.para-cittapariyāya kusalo evaṃ c° ceto‹-› paricca manasikaroti A.V,160.Bhagavā [brāhmaṇassa] c° ceto-parivitakkaṃ aññāya “perceiving in his mind the thought of [the b.]” S.I,178; D.III,6; A.III,374; Miln.10.<br><br> IV.Cpds.<i>--khila</i> fallowness,waste of heart or mind,usually as pañca c-khilā,viz.arising from doubt in the Master,the Norm,the Community,or the Teaching,or from anger against one’s fellow-disciples,D.III,237,278; M.I,101; A.III,248=IV.460=V.17; J.III,291; Vbh.377; Vism.211.<i>--paṇidhi</i> resolution,intention,aspiration Vv 47<sup>12</sup> (=cittassa samma-d-eva ṭhapanaṃ VvA.203); Miln.129; <i>--padosa</i> corruption of the h.,wickedness,A.I,8; It.12,13 (opp.pasāda):<i>--paricca</i> “as regards the heart,” i.e.state of heart,ways of thought,character,mind (=pariyāya) in °ñāṇa Th.2,71=227 (expl<sup>d</sup> at ThA.76,197 by cetopariyañāṇa) see phrase cetasā c-p.above (III,b.); <i>--pariyāya</i> the ways of the heart (=paricca),in para-ceto-pariyāya-kusalo “an expert in the ways of others’hearts” A.V,160; c.-p-kovido encompassing the heart of others S.I,146,194=Th.1,1248; I,196=Th.1,1262.Also with syncope:<i>°pariyañāṇa</i> D.I,79; III,100; Vism.431; DA.I,223.<i>--parivitakka</i> reflecting,reasoning S.I,103,178; <i>--pharaṇatā</i> the breaking forth or the effulgence of heart,as one of five ideals to be pursued,viz.samādhi,pīti-pharaṇatā,sukha°,ceto°,āloka° D.III,278; <i>--vasippatta</i> mastery over one’s h.A.II,6,36,185; IV,312; M.I,377; Vism.382; Miln.82,85; <i>--vimutti</i> emancipation of h.(always w.paññā-vimutti),which follows out of the destruction of the intoxications of the heart (āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavā c.-v.) Vin.I,11 (akuppā); D.I,156,167,251; III,78,108,248 (muditā); S.II,265 (mettā); M.I,197 (akuppā),205,296; III,145 (appamāṇā,mahaggatā); A.I,124; II,6,36; III,84; Sn.725,727=It.106; It.20 (mettā),75,97; Pug.27,62; Vbh.86 (mettā) Nett 81 (virāgā); DA.I,313 (=cittavimutti); <i>--vivaraṇa</i> setting the h.free A.IV,352; V,67.See also arahant II D.<i>--samatha</i> calm of h.Th.2,118; <i>--samādhi</i> concentration of mind (=cittasamādhi DA.I,104) D.I,15; III,30; S.IV,297; A.II,54; III,51; <i>--samphassa</i> contact with thought Dhs.3.(Page 272),4,1
  3780. 130257,en,15,cha,cha,Cha,Cha, &#38; Chaḷ (cha in composition effects gemination of consonant,e.g.chabbīsati=cha+vīsati,chabbaṇṇa= cha+vaṇṇa,chaḷ only before vowels in comp<sup>n</sup>:chaḷaṅga,chaḷ-abhiññā) [Vedic ṣaṣ &#38; ṣaṭ (ṣaḍ=chaḷ),Gr.e(/c,Lat.sex,Goth,saihs) the number six.<br><br> Cases:Nom.cha,Gen.channaṃ,Instr.chahi ( &#38; chambhī (?) J.IV,310,which should be chambhi &#38; prob.chabbhi=ṣaḍbhiḥ; see also chambhī),Loc.chasu ( &#38; chassu),num.ord.chaṭṭha the sixth.Cp.also saṭṭhi (60) soḷasa (16).Six is applied whenever a “major set” is concerned (see 2),as in the foll.:6 munis are distinguished at Nd<sup>2</sup> 514 (in pairs of 3:see muni); 6 bhikkhus as a “clique” (see chabaggiya,cp.the Vestal virgins in Rome,6 in number); 6 are the sciences of the Veda (see chaḷaṅga); there are 6 buddha-dhammā (Nd<sup>2</sup> 466); 6 viññāṇakāyā (see upadhi); 6 senses &#38; sense-organs (see āyatana) -- cha dānasālā J.I,282; oraṃ chahi māsehi kālakiriyā bhavissati (l shall die in 6 months,i.e.not just yet,but very soon,after the “next” moon) Pv IV.3<sup>35</sup>.Six bodily faults J.I,394 (viz.too long,too short,too thin,too fat,too black,too white).Six thousand Gandhabbas J.II,334.<br><br> <i>--aṃsa</i> six-cornered Dhs.617.<i>--aṅga</i> the set of six Vedāṅgas,disciplines of Vedic science,viz.1.kappa,2.vyākaraṇā,3.nirutti,4.sikkhā,5.chando (viciti),6.jotisattha (thus enum<sup>d</sup> at VvA.265; at PvA.97 in sequence 4,1,3,2,6,5):D.III,269; Vv 63<sup>16</sup>; Pv.II,6<sup>13</sup>; Miln.178,236.With ref.to the upekkhās,one is called the “one of six parts” (chaḷ-aṅg’upekkhā) Vism.160.<i>--abhiññā</i> the 6 branches of higher knowledge Vin.II,161; Pug.14.See abhiññā.<i>--âsīti</i> eighty-six [i.e.twice that many in all directions:psychologically 6 X 80= 6 X (4 X 2)<sup>10</sup>],of people:an immense number,millions Pv.II,13<sup>7</sup>:of Petas PvA.212; of sufferings in Niraya Pv III,10<sup>6</sup>.<i>--âhaṃ</i> for six days J.III,471.<i>--kaṇṇa</i> heard by six ears,i.e.public (opp.catukaṇṇa) J.VI,392.<i>--tiṃsa(ti)</i> thirty-six A.II,3; It.15; Dh.339; DhA.III,211,224 (°yojana-parimaṇḍala); IV,48.<i>--danta</i> having six tusks,in °daha N.of one of the Great Lakes of the Himavant (satta-mahā-sarā),lit.lake of the elephant with 6 tusks.cp.cha-visāṇa Vism.416.<i>--dvārika</i> entering through six doors (i.e.the senses) DhA.IV,221 (taṇhā).<i>--dhātura</i> (=dhātuya) consisting of six elements M.III,239.<i>--pañca</i> (chappañca) six or five Miln.292.<i>--phass’āyatana</i> having six seats of contact (i.e.the outer senses) M.III,239; Th.1,755; PvA.52; cp.Sn.169.<i>--baṇṇa</i> (=vaṇṇa) consisting of six colours (of raṃsi,rays) J.V,40; DhA.I,249; II,41; IV,99.<i>--baggiya</i> (=vaggiya) forming a group of six,a set of (sinful) Bhikkhus taken as exemplification of trespassing the rules of the Vinaya (cp.Oldenberg,Buddha <sup>7</sup>384).Their names are Assaji,Punabhasu,Paṇḍuka,Lohitaka,Mettiya,Bhummajaka Vin.II,1,77,and passim; J.II,387; DhA.III,330.<i>--bassāni</i> (=vassāni) six years J.I,85; DhA.III,195.<i>--bidha</i> (=vidha) sixfold Vism.184.<i>--bisāṇa</i> (=visāṇa) having six (i.e.a “major set”) of tusks (of pre-eminent elephants) J.V,42 (Nāgarājā),48 (kuñjara),cp.chaddanta.-- <i>bīsati</i> (=vīsati) twentysix DhA.IV,233 (devalokā).(Page 273),3,1
  3781. 130304,en,15,chab°,chab°,Chab°,Chab°,see under cha.(Page 275),5,1
  3782. 130497,en,15,chada,chada,Chada,Chada,[cp.chādeti <i>chad</i>=saṃvaraṇe Dhtp 586] anything that covers,protects or hides,viz.a cover,an awning D.I,7≈ (sa-uttara° but °chadana at D.II,194); -- a veil,in phrase <i>vivaṭacchada</i> “with the veil lifted” thus spelt only at Nd<sup>2</sup> 242,593,DhA.I,106 (vivattha°,v.l.vaṭṭa°) &#38; DA.I,251 (vivatta°),otherwise <i>°chadda;</i> -- shelter,clothing in phrase ghāsacchada Pug.51 (see ghāsa &#38; cp.chāda); -- a hedge J.VI,60; -- a wing Th.1,I 108 (citra°).(Page 274),5,1
  3783. 130507,en,15,chadana,chadana,Chadana,Chadana,(nt.) [Vedic <i>chad</i>]=chada,viz.lit.1.a cover,covering J.I,376; V,241.-- 2.a thatch,a roof Vin.II,154 (various kinds),195; J.II,281; DhA.II,65 (°piṭṭha); IV,104 (°assa udaka-patana-ṭṭhāna),178; PvA.55.‹-› 3.a leaf,foliage J.I,87; Th.1,527.-- 4.hair J.V,202.--fig.pretence,camouflage,counterfeiting Sn.89 (=paṭirūpaṃ katvā SnA 164); Dhs.1059=Vbh.361= Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>II</SUP>.Dhs.reads chandanaṃ &#38; Vbh.chādanaṃ.<br><br> <i>--iṭṭhikā</i> a tile DhA.IV,203.(Page 274),7,1
  3784. 130518,en,15,chadana,chādana,Chādana,Chādana,(nt.) [to chādeti] covering.clothing,often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>ghāsa°</i> food &#38; clothing (q.v.) J.II,79 (vattha°); Pv.I,10<sup>7</sup> (bhojana°); II,1<sup>7</sup> (vattha°); PvA.50 (=vattha); DhA.IV,7.-- As adj.J.VI,354 (of the thatch of a house).(Page 275),7,1
  3785. 130522,en,15,chadana,chādanā,Chādanā,Chādanā,(f.) [fr.chādeti] covering,concealment Pug.19,23.Cp.pari°.(Page 276),7,1
  3786. 130669,en,15,chadda,chadda,Chadda,Chadda,(nt.) [Dhtp 590 &#38; Dhtm 820 expl<sup>n</sup> a root <em>chadd</em> by “vamane,” thus evidently taking it as an equivalent of <i>chaḍḍ</i>]=chada,only in phrase vivattacchadda (or vivaṭa°) D.I,89; Sn.372,378,1003,1147; DA.I,251.Nd<sup>2</sup> however &#38; DA.read °chada expl.by vivaṭa-rāgadosamoha-chadana SnA 365.(Page 274),6,1
  3787. 130676,en,15,chaddaka,chaḍḍaka,Chaḍḍaka,Chaḍḍaka,(adj.) throwing away,removing,in <i>puppha° a</i> flower-rubbish remover (see pukkusa) Th.1,620; Vism.194; -- f.<i>chaḍḍikā</i> see kacavara°.(Page 274),8,1
  3788. 130687,en,15,chaddana,chaḍḍana,Chaḍḍana,Chaḍḍana,(nt.) throwing away,rejecting J.I,290; Dhtp 571.--ī (f.) a shovel,dust-pan DhA.III,7.See kacavara°.(Page 274),8,1
  3789. 130877,en,15,chaddeti,chaḍḍeti,Chaḍḍeti,Chaḍḍeti,[Vedic chardayati &#38; chṛṇatti to vomit; cp.also avaskara excrements &#38; karīsa dung.From <i>*sqer</i> to eliminate,separate,throw out (Gr.kri/nw,Lat.ex‹-› (s)cerno),cp.Gr.skώs,Lat.mus(s)cerda,Ags.scearn] to spit out,to vomit,throw away; abandon,leave,reject Vin 214 sq.; IV,265; M.I,207; S.I,169 (chaṭṭehi wrongly for chaḍḍehi)=Sn.p.15; J.I,61,254,265,292; V,427; Pug.33; DhA.I,95 (uṇhaṃ lohitaṃ ch.to kill oneself); II,101; III,171; VvA.126; PvA.43,63,174,211; 255; Miln.15.-- ger.<i>chaḍḍūna</i> Th.2,469 (=chaḍḍetvā ThA.284); grd.<i>chaḍḍetabba</i> Vin.I,48; J.II,2; chaḍḍanīya Miln.252; chaḍḍiya (to be set aside) M.I,12 sq.-- Pass.<i>chaḍḍīyati</i> PvA.174.-- Caus.<i>chaḍḍāpeti</i> to cause to be vomited,to cast off,to evacuate,to cause to be deserted Vin.IV,265; J.I,137; IV,139; VI,185,534; Vism.182.-- pp.<i>chaḍḍita</i> (q.v.).-- See also kacavara° (Page 274),8,1
  3790. 130903,en,15,chaddha,chaddhā,Chaddhā,Chaddhā,[Sk.ṣaṭśaḥ] sixfold Miln.2.(Page 274),7,1
  3791. 130921,en,15,chaddita,chaḍḍita,Chaḍḍita,Chaḍḍita,[pp.of chaddeti] thrown out.vomited; cast away,rejected,left behind S.III,143; J.I,91,478; Pv.II,2<sup>3</sup> (=ucchiṭṭhaṃ vantan ti attho PvA.80); VvA.100; PvA.78,185.(Page 274),8,1
  3792. 131096,en,15,chadeti,chādeti,Chādeti,Chādeti,<sup>2</sup> [for chandeti,cp.Sk.chandati &#38; chadayati; to <i>khyā</i>?] (a) to seem good,to please,to give pleasure S.II,110; A.III,54; DhA.III,285 (bhattaṃ me na ch.).‹-› (b) to be pleased with,to delight in,to approve of (c Acc.) esp.in phrase bhattaṃ chādeti to appreciate the meal Vin.II,138; D.I,72 (=rucceyya); V,31 (chādayamāna),33 (chādamana),463; Th.2,409; Pv.I,11<sup>8</sup> (nacchādimhamhase),pp.<i>channa<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 276),7,1
  3793. 131097,en,15,chadeti,chādeti,Chādeti,Chādeti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of <em>chad</em>,Sk.chādayati] (a) to cover,to conceal Vin.II,211 (Pass.chādīyati); Sn.1022 (mukhaṃ jivhāya ch.); Dh.252; Pv III,4<sup>3</sup>.-- (b) (of sound) to penetrate,to fill J.II,253; VI,195.-- pp.<i>channa<sup>1</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 276),7,1
  3794. 131143,en,15,chadi,chādi,Chādi,Chādi,(f.) [chādeti<sup>1</sup>] shade J.IV,351.(Page 276),5,1
  3795. 131165,en,15,chadiya,chādiya,Chādiya,Chādiya,(nt.) covering (of a house or hut),thatch,straw,hay (for eating) J.VI,354 (=gehacchādana-tiṇa).(Page 276),7,1
  3796. 131298,en,15,chakala,chakala,Chakala,Chakala,[cp.Sk.chagala,from chāga heifer] a he-goat J.VI,237; <i>°ka</i> ibid. &#38; Vin III 166.-- f.<i>chakalī</i> J.VI,559.(Page 273),7,1
  3797. 131351,en,15,chakana,chakana,Chakana,Chakana, &#38; Chakaṇa (nt.) [Vedic śakṛt &#38; śakan; Gr.kόpros; Sk.chagana is later,see Trenckner,Notes 62 n.16] the dung of animals Vin.I,202; J.III,386 (ṇ); V,286; VI,392 (ṇ).(Page 273),7,1
  3798. 131363,en,15,chakanati,chakaṇatī,Chakaṇatī,Chakaṇatī,(f.)=chakana Nd<sup>2</sup> 199.(Page 273),9,1
  3799. 131382,en,15,chakka,chakka,Chakka,Chakka,(nt.) [fr.cha] set of six Vism.242 (meda° &#38; mutta°).(Page 273),6,1
  3800. 131413,en,15,chakkhattum,chakkhattuṃ,Chakkhattuṃ,Chakkhattuṃ,(adv.) [Sk.ṣaṭkṛtvas] six times D.II,198; DhA.III,196.(Page 273),11,1
  3801. 131598,en,15,challi,challi,Challi,Challi,[Sk.challi] bark,bast DhA.II,165; Bdhgh on MV.VIII,29.(Page 275),6,1
  3802. 131613,en,15,chama,chamā,Chamā,Chamā,(f.) [from <em>kṣam</em>,cp.khamati.It remains doubtful how the Dhtm (553,555) came to define the root <em>cham</em> (=kṣam) as 1.hīḷane and 2.adane] the earth; only in oblique cases,used as adv.Instr.<i>chamā</i> on the ground,to the ground (=ved.kṣamā) M.I,387; D.III,6; J.III,232; IV,285; VI,89,528; Vv 41<sup>4</sup> (VvA.183; bhūmiyaṃ); Th.2,17; 112 (ThA.116:chamāyaṃ); Pv IV.5<sup>3</sup> (PvA.260:bhūmiyaṃ).-- Loc.<i>chamāyaṃ</i> Vin.I,118; A.I,215; Sn.401; Vism.18; ThA.116; <i>chamāya</i> Vin.II,214.(Page 275),5,1
  3803. 131654,en,15,chambhati,chambhati,Chambhati,Chambhati,[see chambheti] to be frightened DhA.IV,52 (+vedhati).(Page 275),9,1
  3804. 131659,en,15,chambheti,chambheti,Chambheti,Chambheti,[cp.Sk.skabhnāti &#38; stabhnāti,<em>skambh</em>,and P.khambha,thambha &#38; khambheti] to be firm or rigid,fig.to be stiff with fear,paralysed:see chambhin &#38; chambhitatta,Cp.ūrukhambha (under khambha<sup>2</sup>).(Page 275),9,1
  3805. 131670,en,15,chambhin,chambhin,Chambhin,Chambhin,(adj.) [see chambheti] immovable,rigid; terrified,paralysed with fear S.I,219; M.I,19; J.IV,310 (v.l.jambhī,here with ref.to one who is bound (stiff) with ropes (pāsasatehi chambhī) which is however taken by com.as Instr.of cha &#38; expl<sup>d</sup> by chasu ṭhānesu,viz.on 4 limbs,body &#38; neck; cp.cha).-- <i>acchambhin</i> firm,steady,undismayed S.I,220; Sn.42; J.I,71.-- See chambheti &#38; chambhita.(Page 275),8,1
  3806. 131672,en,15,chambhita,chambhita,Chambhita,Chambhita,[pp.of chambheti].Only in der.chambhitatta (nt.) the state of being stiff,paralysis,stupefaction,consternation,always comb<sup>d</sup> with other expressions of fear,viz.uttāsa S.V,386; bhaya J.I,345 (where spelled chambhittaṃ); II,336 (where wrongly expl<sup>d</sup> by sarīracalanaṃ),freq.in phrase <i>bhaya</i> ch.<i>lomahaṃsa</i> (fear,stupefaction &#38; horripilation (“gooseflesh”) Vin.II,156; S.I,104; 118; 219; D.I,49 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,50 wrongly by sakala-sarīra calanaṃ); Nd<sup>2</sup> 470; Miln.23; Vbh.367; Vism.187.-- In other connections at Nd<sup>2</sup> 1 (=Dhs.425,1118,where thambhitatta instead of ch°); Dhs.965 (on which see Dhs.trsl.242).(Page 275),9,1
  3807. 131714,en,15,chana,chaṇa,Chaṇa,Chaṇa,a festival J.I,423,489 (surā°),499; II,48 (maṅgala°),143,III,287,446,538; IV,115 (surā°); V,212; VI,221; 399 (°bheri); DhA.III,100 (surā°),443 (°vesa); IV,195; VvA.173.(Page 274),5,1
  3808. 131733,en,15,chanaka,chaṇaka,Chaṇaka,Chaṇaka,[=akkhaṇa? Kern; cp.Sk.*ākhaṇa] the Chaṇaka plant Miln.352; cp.akkhaṇa.(Page 274),7,1
  3809. 131786,en,15,chanda,chanda,Chanda,Chanda,[cp.Vedic and Sk.chanda,and <em>skandh</em> to jump].1.impulse,excitement; intention,resolution,will; desire for,wish for,delight in (c.Loc.).Expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.466 as “kattu-kāmatāy” adhivacanaṃ; by Dhtp 587 &#38; Dhtm 821 as <i>chand</i>=icchāyaṃ.-- A.As virtue:dhammapadesu ch.striving after righteousness S.I,202; tibba° ardent desire,zeal A.I,229; IV,15; kusaladhamma° A.III,441.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with other good qualities,e.g.ch.vāyāma ussāha ussoḷhi A.IV,320; ch.viriya citta vīmaṃsā in set of samādhis (cp.iddhipāda) D.III,77 (see below), &#38; in cpd.°âdhipateyya.-- kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati,etc.,see citta V.1 db.‹-› M.II,174; A.I,174 (ch.vā vāyāmo vā); III,50 (chandasā Instr.); Sn.1026 (+viriya); Vv 24<sup>12</sup> (=kusala° VvA.116); J.VI,72; DhA.I,14.-- B.As vice:(a) kinds &#38; character of ch.-- With similar expressions:(kāya-) ch.sneha anvayatā M.I,500.-- ch.dosa moha bhaya D.III,182; Nd<sup>2</sup> 337<sup>2</sup> (See also below chandâgati).Its nearest analogue in this sense is <i>rāga</i> (lust),e.g.ch.rāga dosa paṭigha D.I,25 (cp.DA.I,116); rūpesu uppajjati ch.vā rāgo S.IV,195.See below °rāga.In this bad sense it is nearly the same as kāma (see kāma &#38; kāmachanda:sensual desire,cp.DhsA.370,Vism.466 &#38; Mrs.Rh.D.in Dhs.trsl.292) &#38; the comb<sup>n</sup> kāmachanda is only an enlarged term of kāma.Kāye chanda “delight in the body” M.I,500; Sn.203.bhave ch.(pleasure in existence) Th.2,14 (cp.bhavachanda); lokasmiṃ ch.(hankering after the world) Sn.866; methunasmiṃ (sexual desire) Sn.835 (expl.by ch.vā rāgo vā peman Nd<sup>1</sup> 181).-- Ch.in this quality is one of the roots of misery:cittass’upakkileso S.III,232 sq.; V,92; mūlaṃ dukkhassa J.IV,328 sq.-- Other passages illustrating ch.are e.g.vyāpāda° &#38; vihiṃsā° S.II,151; rūpa-dhātuyā° S.III,10; IV,72; yaṃ aniccaṃ,etc....tattha° S.III,122,177; IV,145 sq.; asmī ti ch.S.III,130; atilīno ch.S.V,277 sq.,cp.also D.II,277.-- (b) the emancipation from ch.as necessary for the attainment of Arahantship.-- vigata° (free from excitement) and a° S.I,111; III,7,107,190; IV,387; A.II,173 sq.; D.III,238; ettha chandaṃ virājetvā Sn.171=S.I,16.Kāye chandaṃ virājaye Sn.203.(a)vīta° A.IV,461 sq.°ṃ vineti S.I,22,197; °ṃ vinodeti S.I,186; ch.suppaṭivinīta S.II,283.na tamhi °ṃ kayirātha Dh.117.‹-› 2.(in the monastic law) consent,declaration of consent (to an official act:kamma) by an absentee Vin.I,121,122.dhammikānaṃ kammānaṃ chandaṃ datvā having given (his) consent to valid proceedings Vin.IV,151,152; cp.°dāyaka II.94.-- Note.The commentaries follow the canonical usage of the word without adding any precision to its connotation.See Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; DhsA.370; DhA.I,14,J.VI,72,VvA.77.<br><br> <i>--âgati</i> in °gamana the wrong way (of behaviour,consisting) in excitement,one of the four agatigamanāni,viz.ch°,dosa°,moha°,bhaya° D.III,133,228; Vbh.376 (see above); <i>--âdhipateyya</i> (adj.) standing under the dominant influence of impulse Dhs.269,359,529; Vbh.288 (+viriya°,citta°,vīmaṃsā°); <i>--ânunīta</i> led according to one’s own desire S.IV,71; Sn.781; <i>--âraha</i> (adj.) fit to give one’s consent Vin.II,93; V,221; <i>--ja</i> sprung from desire (dukkha) S.I,22; <i>--nānatta</i> the diversity or various ways of impulse or desire S.II,143 sq.; D.III,289; Vbh.425; <i>--pahāna</i> the giving up of wrong desire S.V,273; <i>--mūlaka</i> (adj.) having its root in excitement A.IV,339; V,107; <i>--rāga</i> exciting desire (cp.kāmachanda) D.II,58,60; III,289; S.I,198; II,283; III,232 sq.(cakkhusmiṃ,etc.); IV,7 sq.164 (Bhagavato ch-r.n’atthi),233; A.I,264 (atīte ch-r-ṭṭhānīyā dhammā); II,71; III,73; Nd<sup>2</sup> 413; DhA.I,334; <i>--samādhi</i> the (right) concentration of good effort,classed under the 4 iddhipādā with viriya°; citta° vīmaṃsā° D.III,77; S.V,268; A.I,39; Vbh.216 sq.; Nett 15; <i>--sampadā</i> the blessing of zeal S.V,30.(Page 274),6,1
  3810. 131882,en,15,chandaka,chandaka,Chandaka,Chandaka,a voluntary collection (of alms for the Saṅgha),usually as <i>°ṃ saṃharati</i> to make a vol.coll.Vin.IV,250; J.I,422; II,45,85 (saṃharitvā v.l.BB; text saṅkaḍḍhitvā),196,248; III,288 (nava°,a new kind of donation); Cp.BSk.chandaka-bhikṣana AvŚ vol.II.227.(Page 275),8,1
  3811. 132043,en,15,chandasa,chandasā,Chandasā,Chandasā,(f.) [see chando] metrics,prosody Miln.3.(Page 275),8,1
  3812. 132080,en,15,chandata,chandatā,Chandatā,Chandatā,(f.) [see chanda] (strong) impulse,will,desire Nd<sup>2</sup> 394; Vbh.350,370.(Page 275),8,1
  3813. 132087,en,15,chandavantata,chandavantatā,Chandavantatā,Chandavantatā,(f.) [abstr.to adj.chandavant,chanda+ vant]=chandatā VvA.319.(Page 275),13,1
  3814. 132128,en,15,chandika,chandika,Chandika,Chandika,(adj.) [see chanda] having zeal,endeavouring usually as <i>a°</i> without (right) effort, &#38; always comb<sup>d</sup> w.anādara &#38; assaddha Pug.13; Vbh.341; PvA.54 (v.l.),175.(Page 275),8,1
  3815. 132145,en,15,chandikata,chandīkata,Chandīkata,Chandīkata,(adj.) &#38; chandīkatā (f.) (with) right effort,zealous,zeal (adj.) Th.1,1029 (chandi°) (n.) Vbh.208.(Page 275),10,1
  3816. 132152,en,15,chando,chando,Chando,Chando,(nt.) [Vedic chandas,from <em>skandh</em>,cp.in meaning Sk.pada; Gr.i]/ambos] metre,metrics,prosody,esp.applied to the Vedas Vin.II,139 (chandaso buddhavacanaṃ āropeti to recite in metrical form,or Acc.to Bdhgh.in the dialect of the Vedas cp.Vin.Texts III,15Q); S.I,38; Sn.568 (Sāvittī chandaso mukhaṃ:the best of Vedic metres).<br><br> <i>--viciti</i> prosody VvA.265 (enum<sup>d</sup> as one of the 6 disciplines dealing with the Vedas:see chaḷaṅga).(Page 275),6,1
  3817. 132198,en,15,channa,channa,Channa,Channa,<sup>2</sup> [pp.to <em>chad</em> (<em>chand</em>),chandayati,see chādeti<sup>2</sup>] fit,suitable,proper Vin.II,124 (+paṭirūpa); III,128; D.I,91 (+paṭirūpa); S.I,9; M.I,360; J.III,315; V,307; VI,572; Pv.II,12<sup>15</sup> (=yutta PvA.159).(Page 275),6,1
  3818. 132199,en,15,channa,channa,Channa,Channa,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of <em>chad</em>,see chādeti<sup>1</sup>] 1.covered J.IV,293 (vāri°); VI,432 (padara°,ceiling); ThA.257.‹-› 2.thatched (of a hut) Sn.18.-- 3.concealed,hidden,secret J.II,58; IV,58.-- nt.<i>channaṃ</i> a secret place Vin.IV,220.(Page 275),6,1
  3819. 132282,en,15,chapa,chāpa,Chāpa,Chāpa, &#38; °ka [Sk.śāva] the young of an animal M.I,384 (°ka); S.II,269 (bhiṅka°); J.I,460; II,439 (sakuṇa°); Miln.402; --f.<i>chāpī</i> J.VI,192 (maṇḍūka°).(Page 276),5,1
  3820. 132290,en,15,chapaka,chapaka,Chapaka,Chapaka,name of a low-class tribe Vin.IV,203 (=caṇḍāla Bdhgh.on Sekh.69 at Vin.IV,364),f.°ī ib.(Page 275),7,1
  3821. 132381,en,15,chappanca,chappañca,Chappañca,Chappañca,[cha+pañca] six or five Miln.292.(Page 275),9,1
  3822. 132430,en,15,charika,chārikā,Chārikā,Chārikā,(f.) [Cp.kṣāyati to burn,kṣāra burning; Gr.chrόs dry,Lat.serenus dry,clear.See also <i>khāra</i> &#38; bhasma.] Ashes Vin.I,210; II,220; D.II,164=Ud.93; A.I,209; IV,103; J.III,447; IV,88; V,144; DhA.I,256; II,68; VvA.67; PvA.80 (chārikaṅgāra).(Page 276),7,1
  3823. 132536,en,15,chata,chāta,Chāta,Chāta,(adj.) [cp.Sk.psāta from <em>bhas</em> (*bhsā),Gr.yw/xw; see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under sabulum &#38; cp.bhasman,probably Non-Aryan] hungry J.I,338; II,301; V,69; Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup> (=bubhukkhita,khudāya abhibhūta PvA.72) II.9<sup>36</sup> (jighacchita PvA.126); PvA.62; VvA.76; Miln.253; Mhvs VII.24.Cp.pari°.<br><br> <i>--ajjhatta</i> with hungry insides J.I,345; II,203; V,338,359; DhA.I,125; DhA.I,367 (chātak’); III,33,40.<i>--kāla</i> time of being hungry.(Page 275),5,1
  3824. 132559,en,15,chataka,chātaka,Chātaka,Chātaka,[fr.prec.] 1.adj.hungry J.I,245,266.-- 2.(nt.) hunger,famine J.I,266; II,124,149,367; VI,487; DhA.I,170.(Page 275),7,1
  3825. 132627,en,15,chatata,chātatā,Chātatā,Chātatā,[f.abstr.fr.chāta] hunger (lit.hungriness) DhA.I,170.(Page 275),7,1
  3826. 132645,en,15,chatta,chatta,Chatta,Chatta,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.chātra,one who carries his master’s sunshade] a pupil,a student J.II,428.(Page 274),6,1
  3827. 132646,en,15,chatta,chatta,Chatta,Chatta,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [late Vedic chattra=*chad-tra,covering to <i>chad</i>,see chādati] a sunshade (“parasol” would be misleading.The handle of a <i>chatta</i> is affixed at the circumference,not at the centre as it is in a parasol),a canopy Vin.I,152; II,114; D.I,7≈; II,15 (seta°,under which Gotama is seated); J.I,267 (seta°); IV,16; V,383; VI,370; Sn.688,689; Miln.355; DhA.I,380 sq.; DA.I,89; PvA.47.-- Esp.as seta° the royal canopy,one of the 5 insignia regis (setachatta-pamukhaṃ pañcavidhaṃ rāja-kakudhabhaṇḍaṃ PvA.74),see kakudhabhaṇḍa.J.VI,4,223,389; <i>°ṃ ussāpeti</i> to unfold the r.canopy PvA.75; DhA.I,161,167.See also paṇṇa°.<br><br> <i>--daṇḍa</i> the handle of a sunshade DhA.III,212; <i>--nāḷi</i> the tube or shaft (of reeds or bamboo) used for the making of sunshades M.II,116; <i>--maṅgala</i> the coronation festival J.III,407; DhA.III,307; VvA.66.(Page 274),6,1
  3828. 132713,en,15,chattaka,chattaka,Chattaka,Chattaka,(m.nt.) 1.a sun-shade J.VI,252; Th.2,23 (=ThA.29 as nickname of sun-shade makers).See also paṇṇa°.-- 2.<i>ahi°</i> “snake’s sun-shade,” N.for a mushroom:toadstool D.III,87; J.II,95; a mushroom,toadstool J.II,95.(Page 274),8,1
  3829. 132864,en,15,chattha,chaṭṭha,Chaṭṭha,Chaṭṭha,the sixth Sn.171,437; DhA.III,200:SnA 364.Also as <i>chaṭṭhama</i> Sn.101,103; J.III,280.(Page 273),7,1
  3830. 132991,en,15,chattimsakkhattum,chattiṃsakkhattuṃ,Chattiṃsakkhattuṃ,Chattiṃsakkhattuṃ,(adv.) thirty-six times It.15.(Page 274),17,1
  3831. 133098,en,15,chava,chava,Chava,Chava,[Derivation doubtful.Vedic śava] 1.a corpse Vin.II,115 (°sīsassa patta a bowl made out of a skull).See cpds.-- 2.(adj.) vile,low,miserable,wretched Vin.II,112,188; S.I,66; M.I,374; A.II,57; J.IV,263.<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhika</i> bones of a corpes,a skeleton C III,15,1 (?); <i>--âlāta</i> a torch from a pyre S.III,93=A.II,95=It.90= J.I,482; Vism.54,299 (°ûpama).<i>--kuṭikā</i> a charnelhouse,morgue,Vin.I,152; <i>--dāhaka</i> one who (officially) burns the dead,an “undertaker” Vin.I,152; DhA.I,68 (f.°ikā); Vism.230; Miln.331.<i>--dussa</i> a miserable garment D.I,166≈A.I,240; II,206.<i>--sarīra</i> a corpse Vism.178 sq.<i>--sitta</i> a water pot (see above 1) Th.1,127.(Page 275),5,1
  3832. 133136,en,15,chavaka,chavaka,Chavaka,Chavaka,1.a corpse J.V,449.-- 2.wretched Miln.156,200; (°caṇḍāla,see expl<sup>n</sup> at J.V,450).(Page 275),7,1
  3833. 133200,en,15,chavi,chavi,Chavi,Chavi,(f.) [<i>*(s)qeu</i> to cover.Vedic chavi,skuṇāti; cp.Gr.sku_lon; Lat.ob-scurus; Ohg.skūra (Nhg.scheuer); Ags scēo›E.sky also Goth.skōhs›E.shoe] the (outer,thin) skin,tegument S.II,256; A.IV,129; Sn.194; J.II,92.Distinguished from camma,the hide (under-skin,corium) S.II,238 (see camma); also in comb<sup>n</sup> ch-cammamaṃsa Vism.235; DhA.IV,56.<br><br> <i>--kalyāṇa</i> beauty of complexion,one of the 5 beauties (see kalyāṇa 2d) DhA.I,387; <i>--dos’-ābādha</i> a skin disease,cutaneous irritation Vin.I,206; <i>--roga</i> skin disease DhA.III,295; <i>--vaṇṇa</i> the colour of the skin,the complexion,esp.beautiful compl.,beauty Vin.I,8; J.III,126; DhA.IV,72; PvA.14 (vaṇṇadhātu),70,71 (=vaṇṇa).(Page 275),5,1
  3834. 133318,en,15,chaya,chāyā,Chāyā,Chāyā,(f.) [Vedic chāyā,light &#38; shade,<i>*skei</i> (cp.<i>(s)qait</i> in ketu),cp.Sk.śyāva; Gr.skiά &#38; skoiόs; Goth.skeinan.See note on kāla,vol.II.p.38<sup>2</sup>] shade,shadow S.I,72,93; M.II,235; III,164; A.II,114; Sn.1014; Dh.2; J.II,302; IV,304; V,445; Miln.90,298; DhA.I,35; PvA.12,32,45,81,etc.-- Yakkhas have none; J.V,34; VI,337.chāyā is frequent in similes:see J.P.T.S.1907,87.(Page 276),5,1
  3835. 133425,en,15,cheda,cheda,Cheda,Cheda,[see chindati] cutting,destruction,loss Sn.367 (°bandhana); J.I,419; 485; <i>sīsa°</i> decapitation DhA.II,204; PvA.5; <i>aṇḍa°</i> castration J.IV,364; -- <i>bhatta</i> °ṃ karoti to put on short rations J.I,156.<i>pada°</i> separation of words SnA 150.<i>--°gāmin</i> (adj.) liable to break,fragile A.II,81; J.V,453.-- Cp.vi°.(Page 277),5,1
  3836. 133442,en,15,chedaka,chedaka,Chedaka,Chedaka,(adj.) [fr.cheda] cutting; in <i>aṇḍa°</i> one who castrates J.IV,366.(Page 277),7,1
  3837. 133453,en,15,chedana,chedana,Chedana,Chedana,(nt.) [see chindati] cutting,severing,destroying D.I,5; (=DA.I,80 hattha°-ādi); III,176; Vin.II,133; A.II,209; V,206; S.IV,169 (nakha°); V,473; Miln.86; Vism.102 (°vadha-bandana,etc.).(Page 277),7,1
  3838. 133468,en,15,chedanaka,chedanaka,Chedanaka,Chedanaka,1.(adj.) one who tears or cuts off PvA.7.‹-› 2.(nt.) the process of getting cut (a cert.penance for offences:in comb<sup>n</sup> with āpattiyo &#38; pācittiyaṃ) Vin.II,307; IV,168,170,171,279; V,133,146 (cha ch.āpattiyo).(Page 277),9,1
  3839. 133620,en,15,chejja,chejja,Chejja,Chejja,1.see chindati.-- 2.one of the 7 notes in the gamut VvA.139.(Page 277),6,1
  3840. 133667,en,15,cheka,cheka,Cheka,Cheka,(adj.) 1.clever,skilful,shrewd; skilled in (c.Loc.) Vin.II,96; M.I,509; J.I,290 (aṅga-vijjāya); II,161,403; V,216,366 (°pāpaka good &#38; bad); VI,294 (id.); Miln.293.; DA.I,90; VvA.36,215; DhA.I,178.-- 2.genuine Vism.437 (opp.kūṭa).(Page 277),5,1
  3841. 133692,en,15,chekata,chekatā,Chekatā,Chekatā,(f.) [cheka+tā] skill VvA.131.(Page 277),7,1
  3842. 133708,en,15,cheppa,cheppā,Cheppā,Cheppā,(f.) [Sk.sépa] tail Vin.I,191; III,21.(Page 277),6,1
  3843. 133714,en,15,cheta,cheta,Cheta,Cheta,an animal living in mountain cliffs,a sort of leopard S.I,198.(Page 277),5,1
  3844. 133737,en,15,chettar,chettar,Chettar,Chettar,[Sk.chettṛ,n-agent to chindati] cutter,destroyer Sn.343; J.VI,226.(Page 277),7,1
  3845. 133783,en,15,chida,chida,Chida,Chida,(always --°) (adj.) breaking,cutting,destroying M.I,386; S.I,191=Th.1,1234; Th.1,521; 1143; Sn.87 (kaṅkha°) 491,1021,1101 (taṇha°); VvA.82 (id.).(Page 276),5,1
  3846. 133795,en,15,chidda,chidda,Chidda,Chidda,[cp.Ohg.scetar.For suffix °ra,cp.rudhira,etc.Vedic <i>chid</i>+ra.Cp.Sk.chidra] 1.(adj.) having rents or fissures,perforated S.IV,316; J.I,419; (fig.) faulty,defective,Vin.I,290.-- 2.(nt.) a cutting,slit,hole,aperture,S.I,43; J.I,170 (eka°),172,419,503; II,244,261; (kaṇṇa°); Vism.171,172 (bhitti°),174 (tāḷa°); SnA 248 (akkhi°); DhA.III,42; VvA.100 (bhitti°); PvA.180 (kaṇṇa°),253 (read chidde for chinde); fig.a fault,defect,flaw Dh.229 (acchidda-vutti faultless conduct) Miln.94.<br><br> <i>--âvachidda</i> full of breaches and holes J.III,491; Vism.252; DhA.I,122,284 (cp.°vichidda); III,151.<i>--kārin</i> inconsistent A.II,187; <i>--vichidda</i>=°âvachidda J.I,419; V,163 (sarīraṃ chiddavichiddaṃ karoti to perforate a body).(Page 276),6,1
  3847. 133824,en,15,chiddaka,chiddaka,Chiddaka,Chiddaka,(adj.) having holes or meshes (of a net) D.I,45.(Page 276),8,1
  3848. 133859,en,15,chiddata,chiddatā,Chiddatā,Chiddatā,(f.) perforation,being perforated J.I,419.(Page 276),8,1
  3849. 133877,en,15,chiddavant,chiddavant,Chiddavant,Chiddavant,(adj.) having faults,full of defects M.I,272.(Page 276),10,1
  3850. 133913,en,15,chiggala,chiggaḷa,Chiggaḷa,Chiggaḷa,[cp.chidda] a hole,in eka°-yuga M.III,169≈; tāḷa° key hole S.IV,290; Vism.394.(Page 276),8,1
  3851. 134022,en,15,chindanaka,chindanaka,Chindanaka,Chindanaka,(adj.) [fr.chindati] breaking,see pari°.(Page 276),10,1
  3852. 134095,en,15,chindati,chindati,Chindati,Chindati,[Vedic <em>chid</em> in 3 forms viz.1.(Perf.) base <em>chid</em>; 2.Act.(pres.) base w.nasal infix.<em>chind</em>; 3.Med.(denom).base w.guṇa <em>ched</em>.Cp.the analagous formations of <em>cit</em> under cinteti.-- Idg.* <i>sk(h)eid</i>,Gr.sxi/zw (E.schism); Lat.scindo (E.scissors); Ohg.scīzan; Ags.scītan; cp.also Goth.skaidan,Ohg.sceidan.Root <em>chid</em> is defined at Dhtp 382,406 as “dvedhākaraṇa”] to cut off,to destroy,to remove,both lit.(bandhanaṃ,pāsaṃ,pasibbakaṃ,jīvaṃ,gīvaṃ,sīsaṃ,hatthapāde,etc.) and fig.(taṇhaṃ,mohaṃ,āsavā,saṃyojanāni,vicikicchaṃ,vanathaṃ,etc.) Freq.in similes:see J.P.T.S.1907,88.-- Forms:(1) <em>chid</em>:aor.<i>acchidā</i> Sn.357,as acchidaṃ M.II,35,acchidda Dh.351 (cp.agamā); Pass.pres.<i>chijjati</i> (Sk.chidyate) Dh.284; It.70; J.I,167; Th.1,1055=Miln.395; Miln.40; aor.chijji J.III,181 (dvidhā ch.broke in two).-- fut.<i>chijjissati</i> J.I,336; -- ger.<i>chijjitvā</i> J.I,202; IV,120; -- pp.<i>chijjita</i> J.III,389; see also chida,chidda,chinna.‹-› (2) <i>chind:</i> Act.pres.<i>chindati</i> S.I,149=A.V,174= Sn.657; PvA.4,114; VvA.123; -- imper.chinda Sn.346; J.II,153; <i>chindatha</i> Dh.283; -- pot.chinde Dh.370; -- ppr.<i>chindamāna</i> J.I,70,233.-- fut.<i>chindissati</i> DhA.II,258.-- aor.<i>acchindi</i> Vin.I,88 &#38; chindi J.I,140.-- ger.<i>chinditvā</i> J.I,222,254,326; II,155.‹-› inf.<i>chindituṃ</i> Vin.I,206; PvA.253.-- grd.<i>chindiya</i> J.II,139 (duc°).-- Caus.<i>chindāpeti</i> J.II,104,106; Vism.190 (rājāno core ch.).-- (3) <i>ched:</i> fut.<i>checchati</i> (Sk.chetsyati) M.I,434; Dh.350; Miln.391.-- aor.<i>acchecchi</i> (Sk.acchaitsīt) S.I,12; A.II,249; Sn.355=Th.1,1275; J.VI,261.<i>acchejji</i> (v.l.of acchecchi) is read at S.IV,205,207,399; V,441; A.III,246,444; It.47.-- inf.<i>chetuṃ</i> J.IV,208; Pv IV.3<sup>28</sup>, &#38; chettuṃ Sn.28.-- ger.<i>chetvā</i> Sn.66,545,622; Dh.283,369; J.I,255; Nd<sup>2</sup> 245, &#38; <i>chetvāna</i> Sn.44; Dh.346; J.III,396.-- grd.<i>chetabba</i> Vin.II,110, &#38; <i>chejja</i> (often comb<sup>d</sup> w.bhejja,torture &#38; maiming,as punishments) Vin.III,47 (+bh°); J.V,444 (id.) VI,536; Miln.83,359.Also <i>chejja</i> in neg.acchejja S VI,226.-- Caus.<i>chedeti</i> Vin.I,50, &#38; <i>chedāpeti</i> ib.; J.IV,154.See also cheda,chedana.(Page 276),8,1
  3853. 134180,en,15,chinna,chinna,Chinna,Chinna,[pp.of chindati] cut off,destroyed Vin.I,71 (acchinna-kesa with unshaven hair); M.I,430; D.II,8 (°papañca); J.I,255; II,155; IV,138; Dh.338; Pv.I,11<sup>2</sup> (v.l.for bhinna),11<sup>6</sup>; DhA.IV,48.Very often in punishments of decapitation (sīsa°) or mutilation (hatthapāda°,etc.) e.g.Vin.I,91; III,28; Pv.II,2<sup>4</sup> (ghāna-sīsa°); Miln.5.Cp.sañ°.As first part of cpd.,chinna° very frequently is to be rendered by “without,” e.g.<br><br> <i>--āsa</i> without hope J.II,230; PvA.22,174; <i>--iriyāpatha</i> unable to walk,i.e.a cripple Vin.I,91; <i>--kaṇṇa</i> without ears PvA.151; <i>--gantha</i> untrammelled,unfettered Sn.219; <i>--pilotika</i> with torn rags,or without rags S.II,28; PvA.171 (+bhinna°); <i>--bhatta</i> without food i.e.famished,starved J.I,84; V,382; DhA.III,106=VvA.76; <i>--saṃsaya</i> without doubt Sn.1112; It.96,97,123; Nd<sup>2</sup> 244.<i>--sāṭaka</i> a torn garment Vism.51.(Page 276),6,1
  3854. 134297,en,15,chinnaka,chinnaka,Chinnaka,Chinnaka,(adj.) [fr.chinna] cut; <i>a°</i> uncut (of cloth) Vin.I,297.(Page 276),8,1
  3855. 134554,en,15,chinnika,chinnikā,Chinnikā,Chinnikā,(f.) deceitful,fraudulent,sly,only in comb<sup>n</sup> w.<i>dhuttā</i> (dhuttikā) &#38; only appl<sup>d</sup> to women Vin.III,128; IV,61; J.II,114; Miln.122.(Page 276),8,1
  3856. 134570,en,15,chubhati,chubhati,Chubhati,Chubhati,given as root <em>chubh</em> (for <em>khubh</em>) with def.“nicchubhe” at Dhtm 550.See khobha.(Page 276),8,1
  3857. 134577,en,15,chuddha,chuddha,Chuddha,Chuddha,[Sk.kṣubdha (?) <em>kṣubh</em>,perhaps better <em>ṣṭīv</em>,pp.ṣṭyūta (see niṭṭhubhati),cp.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§§ 66,120, &#38; Trenckner Notes p.75.See also khipita] thrown away,removed,rejected,contemptible Dh.41=Th.2,468 (spelled chuṭṭha); J.V,302.(Page 276),7,1
  3858. 134591,en,15,chupana,chupana,Chupana,Chupana,(nt.) touching Vin.III,121; J.VI,387.(Page 276),7,1
  3859. 134610,en,15,chupati,chupati,Chupati,Chupati,[Dhtp 480=samphasse] to touch Vin.I,191; III,37,121; J.IV,82; VI,166; Vism.249; DhA.I,166 (mā chupi).-- pp.<i>chupita</i>.(Page 276),7,1
  3860. 134629,en,15,chupita,chupita,Chupita,Chupita,[pp.of chupati] touched Vin.III,37; J.VI,218.(Page 276),7,1
  3861. 134652,en,15,churika,churikā,Churikā,Churikā,(f.) [Sk.kṣurikā to kṣura see khura,cp.chārikā› khara] a knife,a dagger,kreese Th.2,302; J.III,370; Miln.339; cp.Miln.trsln.II.227; ThA.227; DhA.III,19.<i>Churita:</i> see vi°.(Page 276),7,1
  3862. 134672,en,15,ci,ci,Ci,Ci,(cid in Sandhi) [Vedic cid Nom.nt.to interr.base <i>*qǔi</i> (as in Gr.tiζ,Lat.quis,Goth.hvi-leiks,see ki°,cp.ka°,ku°),= Gr.ti/(d),Lat.quid &#38; quid(d)em,Av.ciṭ (cp.tad,yad,kad beside taṃ,yaṃ,kiṃ)] indef.interr.particle (always --°),in koci (= Sk.kaścid) whoever,kiñci (kincid-eva) whatever,kadāci at some time or any time,etc.(q.v.),see also ca,cana,ce.(Page 265),2,1
  3863. 134689,en,15,ciccitayana,cicciṭāyana,Cicciṭāyana,Cicciṭāyana,(nt.) fizzing Vism.408 (°sadda).(Page 265),11,1
  3864. 134701,en,15,ciccitayati,cicciṭāyati,Cicciṭāyati,Cicciṭāyati,[onomat.cp.ciṭiciṭāyati] to hiss,fizz,sizzle (always comb<sup>d</sup> with ciṭiciṭāyati) Vin.I,225; S.I,169; Sn.p.15; Pug.36; Miln.258 sq.(Page 265),11,1
  3865. 134736,en,15,cikicchati,cikicchati,Cikicchati,Cikicchati,[Sk.cikitsati,Desid.of <em>cit</em>,cinteti.Cp.vicikicchā],usually tikicchati to reflect,think over,intend,aim at.pp.<i>cikicchita</i> KhA 188 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of vicikicchita q.v.).(Page 265),10,1
  3866. 134757,en,15,cikkhalla,cikkhalla,Cikkhalla,Cikkhalla,(nt.) [Sk.cikkaṇa &#38; cikkala,slippery+ya] mud,mire,swamp; often with udaka°.Vin.I,253; II,120,159,291:III,41; A.III,394; J.I,196; Miln.286,311,397; PvA.102,189,215.-- (adj.) Vin.II,221; IV,312; Pv IV.1<sup>16</sup>; Miln.286.(Page 265),9,1
  3867. 134779,en,15,cikkhallavant,cikkhallavant,Cikkhallavant,Cikkhallavant,(adj.) muddy PvA.225.(Page 265),13,1
  3868. 134792,en,15,cikkhassati,cikkhassati,Cikkhassati,Cikkhassati,[Desid.of <em>kṣar</em>=Sk.cikṣariṣati] to wish to drop,to ooze out Miln.152 (°ssanto),see Kern.Toev.II.139 &#38; Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,87.(Page 265),11,1
  3869. 134793,en,15,cikkhati,cikkhati,Cikkhati,Cikkhati,(cikkhanā,etc.) [Freq.of <em>khyā</em>,Dhtp 19:<em>cikkh</em>= vacane] to tell,to announce:see ā° &#38; paṭisaṃ°.(Page 265),8,1
  3870. 134816,en,15,cilimika,cilimikā,Cilimikā,Cilimikā,(f.) [Der.fr.cīra] as <i>cimilikā</i> at Vin.II,150; IV,40 a kind of cloth or carpeting,made from palmleaves,bark,etc.Also at PvA.144 (doubtful reading).(Page 269),8,1
  3871. 134824,en,15,cillaka,cillaka,Cillaka,Cillaka,[kilaka or khīlaka,q.v.] a peg,post,pillar,in <i>dāruka°</i> Th.2,390 (cp.ThA.257).Not with Kern (Toev.) “a wooden puppet,” as der.fr.citta.<sup>1</sup> (Page 269),7,1
  3872. 134833,en,15,cimilika,cimilikā,Cimilikā,Cimilikā,(f.) see cilimikā Vin.II,150; IV,40; Cp.Vin.Texts III,167; J.P.T.S.1885,39.(Page 269),8,1
  3873. 134851,en,15,cinaka,cīnaka,Cīnaka,Cīnaka,(m.nt.) a kind of bean Sn.239 (=aṭavi-pabbatapadesu āropita-jāta-cīna-mugga SnA 283); J.V,405.(Page 269),6,1
  3874. 134890,en,15,cinapittha,cīnapiṭṭha,Cīnapiṭṭha,Cīnapiṭṭha,(nt.) red lead DA.I,40; DhsA.14.(Page 269),10,1
  3875. 134917,en,15,cinati,cināti,Cināti,Cināti,[Sk.cinoti &#38; cayati,<em>ci</em>,to which also kāya,q.v.See also caya,cita] to heap up,to collect,to accumulate.Inf.cinituṃ Vin.II,152; pp.<i>cita</i> (q.v.).Pass.<i>cīyati</i> J.V,7.Caus.<i>cināpeti</i> to construct,to build J.VI,204; Miln.81.-- Note cināti at J.II,302 (to weave) is to be corr.to vināti (see Kern,Toev.s.v.).-- Cp.ā°,pa°,vi°.-Note.cināti also occurs as cinati in pa°.(Page 268),6,1
  3876. 134931,en,15,cinca,ciñcā,Ciñcā,Ciñcā,(f.) [Sk.ciñcā &#38; tintiḍikā] the tamarind tree J.V,38 (°vana); SnA 78.(Page 265),5,1
  3877. 134958,en,15,cingulaka,ciṅgulaka,Ciṅgulaka,Ciṅgulaka,( &#38; °ika) (m.nt.) 1.a kind of plant Sn.239 (=kaṇavīra-pupphasaṇṭhāna-sīsa SnA 283).-- 2.a toy windmill,made of palm-leaves,etc.(DA.I,86:tālapaṇṇādīhi kataṃ vātappahārena paribbhamana-cakkaṃ) Vin.II,10; D.I,6 M.I,266; A.V,203; Miln.229.(Page 265),9,1
  3878. 134971,en,15,cingulayati,ciṅgulāyati,Ciṅgulāyati,Ciṅgulāyati,[denom.fr.cingula] to twirl round,to revolve like a windmill A.I,112.(Page 265),11,1
  3879. 135007,en,15,cinna,ciṇṇa,Ciṇṇa,Ciṇṇa,[pp.of carati] travelled over,resorted to,made a habit of; done,performed,practised J.III,541; Miln.360.-- su° well performed,accomplished S.I,42=214=Sn.181; Pv III,5<sup>6</sup>.-- Cp.ā°,pari°,vi°.<br><br> <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> the place where one is wont to go J.II,159; <i>--mānatta</i> one who performs the Mānatta Vin.IV,242; <i>--vasin</i> one who has reached mastership in (c.Loc.) ThA.74; Vism.154,158,164,169,331 sq.,376; der.<i>--vāsibhāva</i> DhsA.167 (read vasī°).(Page 265),5,1
  3880. 135042,en,15,cinnatta,ciṇṇatta,Ciṇṇatta,Ciṇṇatta,(nt.) [Der.fr.ciṇṇa] custom,habit Miln.57,105.(Page 265),8,1
  3881. 135084,en,15,cinta,cintā,Cintā,Cintā,[to <em>cit</em>,cinteti] “the act of thinking” (cp.citti),thought S.I,57; Pug.25; Dhs.16,20,292; Sdhp.165,216.-- loka° thinking over the world,philosophy S.V,447; A.II,80.<br><br> <i>--kavi</i> “thought-poetry,” i.e.original poetry (see kavi) A.II,230; <i>--maṇi</i> the jewel of thought,the true philosopher’s stone VvA.32; N.of a science J.III,504; <i>--maya</i> consisting of pure thought,metaphysical D.III,219; J.IV,270; Vbh.324; Nett 8,50,60 (°mayin,of paññā); Vism.439 (id.).(Page 268),5,1
  3882. 135099,en,15,cintaka,cintaka,Cintaka,Cintaka,(adj.) [cp.cintin] one who thinks out or invents,in <i>akkhara°</i> the grammarian PvA.120,<i>nīti°</i> the lawgiver ib.130; cp.Divy 212,451,“overseer.” (Page 268),7,1
  3883. 135148,en,15,cintana,cintana,Cintana,Cintana,(nt.)=cintā Th.1,695; Miln.233.(Page 268),7,1
  3884. 135155,en,15,cintanaka,cintanaka,Cintanaka,Cintanaka,(adj.) thoughtful,considerate J.I,222.(Page 268),9,1
  3885. 135293,en,15,cinteti,cinteti,Cinteti,Cinteti, &#38; ceteti [Sk.cetati to appear,perceive, &#38; cintayati to think,<i>cit</i> (see citta<sup>2</sup>) in two forms:(a) Act,base with nasal infix cint (cp.muñc,yuñj,siñc,etc.); (b) Med.base (denom.) with guṇa cet (cp.moc,yoj,sec,etc, &#38; the analogous formations of <em>chid</em>,<em>chind</em>,<em>ched</em> under chindati) to <i>*(s)qait:</i> see citta<sup>1</sup>,with which further cp.caksu,cikita,ciketi,cikitsati, &#38; in meaning passati (he sees=he knows),Gr.oi)da=vidi,E.view=thought,Ger.anschauung] -- Forms:(a) <em>cint</em><i>:</i> pres.cinteti.pot.cinteyya; ppr.cintento &#38; cintayanto (Sn.834); -- aor.cintesi,3rd pl.cintesuṃ (J.I,149),acintayuṃ (Sn.258); -- ger.cintetvā (J.I,279) &#38; cintiya (Mhvs VII.17,32); -- grd.cinteyya &#38; cintetabba; pp.cintita (q.v.).Cp.also cintana,cintin.-- (b) <em>cet</em><i>:</i> pres.ceteti &#38; cetayati (S.I,121),pot.cetaye (Pv.II,9<sup>7</sup>= cinteyya PvA.116); ppr.cetayāna (J.V,339); fut.cetessati (Vin.III,19); -- aor.acetayi (Pv.I,6<sup>6</sup>=cetesi PvA.34); -- ger cecca (Vin.III,112; IV,290); also cicca:see sañ°.-- grd.cetabba (for *cetetabba only at J.IV,157,v.l.ceteyya,expl.by cintetabba); -- pp.<i>cetayita</i> (q.v.).Cp.also cetanā.<br><br> Note.The relation in the use of the two forms is that <i>cet</i> is the older &#38; less understood form,since it is usually expl<sup>d</sup> by <em>cint</em>,whereas <em>cint</em> is never expl<sup>d</sup> by <em>cet</em> &#38; therefore appears to be the more frequent &#38; familiar form.<br><br> Meaning:(a) (intr.) to think,to reflect,to be of opinion,Grouped with (phuṭṭho) vedeti,ceteti,sañjānāti he has the feeling,the awareness (of the feeling),the consciousness S.IV,68.Its seat is freq.mentioned with manasā (in the heart),viz.manasā diṭṭhigatāni cintayanto Sn.834; na pāpaṃ manasā pi cetaye Pv.II,9<sup>7</sup>; J.I,279; PvA.13 (he thought it over),ib.(evaṃ c.you think so); Sdhp.289 (īdisaṃ c.id.) Mhvs VII.18,32; Miln.233 (cintayati),406 (cintayitabba).-- Prohibitive:mā cintayi don’t think about it,don’t worry,don’t be afraid,never mind J.I,50,292,424; III,289; VI,176; pl.<i>mā cintayittha</i> J.I,457; IV,414; VI,344; Vism.426; DhA.I,12; III,196; also <i>mā cintesi</i> J.III,535.-- (b) (with Acc.) to ponder,think over,imagine,think out,design,scheme,intend,plan.In this sense grouped with (ceteti) <i>pakappeti anuseti</i> to intend,to start to perform,to carry out S.II,65.maraṇaṃ ākaṅkhati cetayati (ponders over) S.I,121; acinteyyāni na cintetabbāni A.II,80; cetabba-rūpa (a fit object of thought,a good thought) J.IV,157 (=cintetabba); loka-cintaṃ c.S.V,447; ajjhattarūpe,etc.ceteti Vin.III,113; maṅgalāni acintayuṃ Sn.258; diṭṭhigatāni cintayanto Sn.834; kiṃ cintesi J.I,221; sokavinayan’--upāyaṃ c.to devise a means of dispelling the grief PvA.39.-- Esp.with <i>pāpaṃ </i>&<i> pāpakaṃ</i> to intend evil,to have ill-will against (c.Dat.):mā pāpakaṃ akusalaṃ cittaṃ cinteyyātha S.V,418; na p.cetaye manasā pi Pv.II,9<sup>7</sup> (=cinteyya,piheyya PvA.116); p.na cintetabba PvA.114; tassā p.acetayi Pv.I,6<sup>6</sup> (=cetesi PvA.34); kiṃ amhākaṃ cintesi what do you intend against us? J.I,211.-- (c) (with Dat.) (restricted to ceteti) to set one’s heart on,to think upon,strive after,desire:āgatipunabbhavāya c.to desire a future rebirth S.IV,201; vimokkhāya c.to strive after emancipation S.III,121; attavyābadhāya c.M.III,23=A.I,157=S.IV,339; pabbajjāya c.It.75; rakkhāya me tvaṃ vihito ...udāhu me cetayase vadhāya J.III,146 -- acinteyya that which must not or cannot be thought A.II,80 (cattāri °āni four reflections to be avoided); VvA.323 (a.buddhânubhāva unimaginable majesty of a B.).(Page 268),7,1
  3886. 135330,en,15,cintin,cintin,Cintin,Cintin,[adj.to cintā] only --°:thinking of,having one’s thoughts on A.I,102 (duccintita° &#38; su°); Sn.174 (ajjhatta°; v.l.B.°saññin) 388; J.III,306=IV.453= V.176=V.478; Miln.92.(Page 268),6,1
  3887. 135342,en,15,cintita,cintita,Cintita,Cintita,[pp.of cinteti,cp.also cintaka] (a) (adj.) thought out,invented,devised S.I,137 (dhammo asuddho samalehi c.); III,151 (caraṇaṃ nāma cittaṃ citten’eva c.); Pv.II,6<sup>13</sup> (mantaṃ brahma°,expl.PvA.97 by kathitaṃ).-- (b) (nt.) a thought,intention,in <i>duc° </i>&<i> su°</i> (bad &#38; good) A.I,102; ThA.76; <i>--matta</i> as much a,a thought,Loc.cintita-matte (yeva) at the mere thoughts just as he thought it DhA.I,326 (=cintita kkhaṇe in the moment of thinking it,p.329).(Page 268),7,1
  3888. 135405,en,15,cipita,cipiṭa,Cipiṭa,Cipiṭa,(adj.) [pp.to <em>cip</em> (?) see next:cp.Sk.cipiṭa grain flattened after boiling] pressed flat,flattened VvA.222.To be read also at J.VI,185 for vippita.(Page 269),6,1
  3889. 135420,en,15,cippiyamana,cippiyamāna,Cippiyamāna,Cippiyamāna,[ppr.Pass.of <em>cip</em>,see cipiṭa] crushed flat (Rh.D.; cp.also Kern Toev.) Miln.261.(Page 269),11,1
  3890. 135429,en,15,cira,cira,Cira,Cira,(adj.) [Vedic.cira,perhaps to <i>*queịe</i> to rest,cp.Lat.quiēs,civis; Goth.hveila; Ohg.wīlōn; E.while] long (of time),usually in cpds. &#38; as adv.Either <i>ciraṃ</i> (Acc.) for a long time Sn.678,730,1029; Dh.248; Kh VII.5; J.II,110; IV,3; Pv.II,3<sup>33</sup> or <i>cirena</i> (Instr.) after a long time Vin.IV,86; DhsA.239; or <i>cirāya</i> (Dat.) for long Dh.342.cirassa (Gen.) see cirassaṃ.-- <i>cirataraṃ</i> (compar.) for a (comparatively) long time,rather long A.III,58; Pv.II,8<sup>7</sup>.cir-â-ciraṃ continually Vin.IV,261; J.V,233.-- <i>acira</i> not long (ago) lately,newly:°arahattappatta S.I,196; °pabbajita S.I,185; °parinibbute Bhagavati shortly after the death of the Bhagavant D.I,204,etc.; Sn.p.59.<br><br> <i>--kālaṃ</i> (adv.) a long time freq.e.g.PvA.19,45,60,109; <i>--ṭṭhitika</i> perpetual,lasting long A.IV,339 (opp.pariyāpajjati); Vv 80<sup>1</sup>; Pug.32,33; Vism.37,175; DA.I,3.<i>--dikkhita</i> (not °dakkhita) having long since been initiated S.I,226=J.V,138 (=cirapabbajita); <i>--nivāsin</i> dwelling (there) for a long time S.II,227; <i>--paṭika</i> [cp.Sk.ciraṃ prati] long since,adj.constr.in conformity w.the subject Vin.I,33; D.II,270= S.III,120; <i>--pabbajita</i> having long since become a wanderer A.III,114; Sn.p.92; DA.I,143; <i>--ppavāsin</i> (adj.) long absent Dh.219 (=cirappavuttha DhA.III,293).<i>--rattaṃ</i> (adv.) for a long time Sn.665,670; J.IV,371; and <i>--rattāya</i> id.J.II,340; Pv.I,9<sup>4</sup>.(Page 269),4,1
  3891. 135441,en,15,cira,cīra,Cīra,Cīra,(nt.) [Sk.cīra,cp.cīvara] 1.bark,fibre D.I,167 (kusa°,vāka°,phalaka°); Vin.III,34; A.I,295; Pug.55.-- a bark dress Vin.I,305; J.VI,500 (cp.cīraka).-- 2.a strip (orig.of bark),in suvaṇṇa°-khacita gold-brocaded VvA.280 (see also next).Cp.ocīraka (under odīraka).(Page 269),4,1
  3892. 135501,en,15,ciraka,cīraka,Cīraka,Cīraka,[cp.cīra] 1.bark (see cpds.) -- 2.a strip,in <i>suvaṇṇa°</i> gold brocade (dress) J.V,197.<br><br> <i>--vāsika</i> (nt.) bark-dress (a punishment) M.I,87= A.I,48=Miln.197.(Page 269),6,1
  3893. 135849,en,15,cirassam,cirassaṃ,Cirassaṃ,Cirassaṃ,(adv.) [origin.Gen.of cira=cirasya] at last Vin.II,195; D.I,179; S.I,142; J.II,439; III,315; IV,446 (read cirassa passāmi); V,328; Th.1,868; ThA.217; PvA.60.-- <i>na cirass’eva</i> shortly after D.III,11; J.IV,2; DhA.III,176; PvA.32.-- <i>sucirass’eva</i> after a very long while S.I,193.(Page 269),8,1
  3894. 136008,en,15,cirayati,cirāyati,Cirāyati,Cirāyati,[Sk.cirayati,v.denom.fr.cira] to be long,to tarry,to delay,DhA.I,16; VvA.64,208; cp.ciraṃ karoti id.J.II,443.(Page 269),8,1
  3895. 136065,en,15,cirilika,cīriḷikā,Cīriḷikā,Cīriḷikā,(f.) [cp.Sk.cīrī &#38; jhillikā a cricket,cīrilli a sort of large fish] a cricket A.III,397 (v.l.cīrikā).Cp.on word-formation pipiḷikā &#38; Mod.Gr.tsi/tsikos cricket.(Page 269),8,1
  3896. 136069,en,15,cirita,cirīṭa,Cirīṭa,Cirīṭa,[Sk.ciri,cp.kīra] a parrot J.V,202 (in comp<sup>n</sup> cirīti°).(Page 269),6,1
  3897. 136071,en,15,ciriya,cīriya,Cīriya,Cīriya,(adj.) [fr.cīra] like or of bark,in cpd.<i>dāru°</i> (as Np.) “wood-barker” DhA.II,35.(Page 269),6,1
  3898. 136074,en,15,cit,ciṭ,Ciṭ,Ciṭ,i-ciṭi [redupl.interj.] fizz DA.I,137.(Page 265),3,1
  3899. 136085,en,15,cita,cita,Cita,Cita,[pp.of cināti] heaped; lined or faced with (cp.citaka<sup>2</sup>) pokkharaṇiyo iṭṭhakāhi citā D.II,178,cp.Vin.II,123.<br><br> <i>--antaraṃsa</i> “one whose shoulder-hole is heaped up,” one who has the shoulders well filled out (Ep.of a Mahāpurisa) D.II,18; III,144,164.(Page 265),4,1
  3900. 136100,en,15,citaka,citaka,Citaka,Citaka, &#38; Citakā (f.) [from <em>ci</em>,cināti to heap up].- 1.a heap,a pile,esp.a funeral pile; a tumulus D.II,163; <i>cp</i>,II.10<sup>14</sup>.J.I,255; V,488; VI,559,576; DA.I,6; DhA.I,69; II,240; VvA.234; PvA.39.-- 2.(adj.) inlaid:suvaṇṇa°,with gold J.VI,218 (=°khacita).(Page 265),6,1
  3901. 136145,en,15,citi,citi,Citi,Citi,(f.) [From <em>ci</em>,cināti,to heap up] a heap,made of bricks J.VI,204 (city-avayata-piṭṭhikā).See also cetiya.(Page 265),4,1
  3902. 136152,en,15,citicitayati,ciṭiciṭāyati,Ciṭiciṭāyati,Ciṭiciṭāyati,see cicciṭāyati; Vin.I,225; cp.Divy 606.(Page 265),12,1
  3903. 136166,en,15,citra,citra,Citra,Citra,=citta<sup>3</sup>,the month Chaitra,KhA 192 (°māsa).(Page 268),5,1
  3904. 136286,en,15,citta,citta,Citta,Citta,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.caitra,the first month of the year:MarchApril,orig.N.of the star Spica (in Virgo); see E.Plunket,Ancient Calendars,etc.,pp.134 sq.,171 sq.] N.of the month Chaitra PvA.135.Cp.Citra-māsa KhA 192.(Page 268),5,1
  3905. 136287,en,15,citta,citta,Citta,Citta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Sk.citta,orig.pp.of cinteti,<em>cit</em>,cp.yutta› yuñjati,mutta›muñcati.On etym.from <i>cit</i>.see cinteti].<br><br> I.Meaning:the heart (psychologically),i.e.the centre &#38; focus of man’s emotional nature as well as that intellectual element which inheres in &#38; accompanies its manifestations; i.e.thought.In this wise citta denotes both the agent &#38; that which is enacted (see kamma II.introd.),for in Indian Psychology citta is the seat &#38; organ of thought (cetasā cinteti; cp.Gr.frήn,although on the whole it corresponds more to the Homeric qumόs).As in the verb (cinteti) there are two stems closely allied and almost inseparable in meaning (see § III,),viz.cit &#38; cet (citta &#38; cetas); cp.ye should restrain,curb,subdue citta by ceto,M.I,120,242 (cp.attanā coday’attānaṃ Dhp 379 f.); cetasā cittaṃ samannesati S.I,194 (cp.cetasā cittaṃ samannesati S.I,194).In their general use there is no distinction to be made between the two (see § III,).-- The meaning of citta is best understood when explaining it by expressions familiar to us,as:with all my heart; heart and soul; I have no heart to do it; blessed are the pure in heart; singleness of heart (cp.ekagga); all of which emphasize the emotional &#38; conative side or “thought” more than its mental &#38; rational side (for which see manas &#38; viññāṇa).It may therefore be rendered by intention,impulse,design; mood,disposition,state of mind,reaction to impressions.It is only in later scholastic lgg.that we are justified in applying the term “thought” in its technical sense.It needs to be pointed out,as complementary to this view,that citta nearly always occurs in the singular (=heart), &#38; out of 150 cases in the Nikāyas only 3 times in the plural (=thoughts).The substantiality of citta (cetas) is also evident from its connection with kamma (heart as source of action),kāma &#38; the senses in general.‹-› On the whole subject see Mrs.Rh.D.Buddh.Psych.Eth.introd. &#38; Bud.Psy.ch.II.<br><br> II.Cases of citta (cetas),their relation &#38; frequency (enum<sup>d</sup> for gram.purposes).-- The paradigma is (numbers denoting %,not including cpds.):Nom.cittaṃ; Gen.(Dat.) cetaso (44) &#38; cittassa (9); Instr.cetasā (42) &#38; cittena (3); Loc.citte (2) &#38; cittamhi (2).-- Nom.<i>cittaṃ</i> (see below).Gen.<i>cittassa</i> only (of older passages) in c° upakkileso S.III,232; V,92; A.I,207; c° damatho Dh.35 &#38; c° vasena M.I,214; III,156.Instr.cittena only in S.I,viz.<i>cittena</i> nīyati loko p.39; upakkiliṭṭha° p.179; asallīnena c° p.159.Loc.<i>citte</i> only as Loc.abs.in samāhite citte (see below) &#38; in citte vyāpanne kāyakammam pi v.hoti A.I,162; <i>cittamhi</i> only S.I,129 &#38; <i>cittasmiṃ</i> only S.I,132.-- Plural only in Nom.<i>cittāni</i> in one phrase:āsavehi cittāni (vi) mucciṃsu “they purified their hearts from intoxications” Vin.I,35; S.III,132; IV,20; Sn.p.149; besides this in scholastic works=thoughts,e.g.Vbh.403 (satta cittāni).<br><br> III,Citta &#38; cetas in promiscuous application.There is no cogent evidence of a clear separation of their respective fields of meaning; a few cases indicate the rôle of cetas as seat of citta,whereas most of them show no distinction.There are cpds.having both citta° &#38; ceto° in identical meanings (see e.g.citta-samādhi &#38; ceto°),others show a preference for either one or the other,as ceto is preferred in ceto-khila &#38; ceto-vimutti (but:vimutta-citta),whereas citta is restricted to comb<sup>n</sup> w.upakkilesa,etc.The foll.sentences will illustrate this.Vivaṭena cetasā sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti “with open heart he contemplates a radiant thought” S.V,263=D.III,223=A.IV,86; cetasā cittaṃ samannesati vippamuttaṃ “with his heart he scrutinizes their pure mind” S.I,194; vigatâbhijjhena cetasā is followed by abhijjāya cittaṃ parisodheti D.III,49; anupārambhacitto bhabbo cetaso vikkhepaṃ pahātuṃ A.V,149; cetaso vūpasamo foll.by vūpasanta-citto A.I,4; samāhite citte foll.by ceto-samādhi D.I,13≈; cittaṃ paduṭṭhaṃ foll.by ceto-padosa A.I,8; cp.It.12,13; cetaso tato cittaṃ nivāraye “a desire of his heart he shall exclude from this” S.IV,195.<br><br> IV.Citta in its relation to other terms referring to mental processes.<br><br> 1.citta≈hadaya,the heart as incorporating man’s personality:hadayaṃ phaleyya,cittavikkhepaṃ pāpuṇeyya (break his heart,upset his reason) S.I,126; cittaṃ te khipissāmi hadayan te phālessāmi id.S.I,207,214; Sn.p.32; kāmarāgena cittaṃ me pariḍayhati S.I,188›nibbāpehi me hadaya-pariḷāhaṃ Miln.318 (“my heart is on fire”); cp.abhinibbutatto Sn.343=apariḍayhamāna-citto SnA 347; cittaṃ adhiṭṭhahati to set one’s heart on,to wish DhA.I,327.<br><br> 2.c.as mental status,contrasted to (a) physical status:citta›kāya,e.g.kilanta° weary in body &#38; mind D.I,20=III,32; ātura° S.III,2--5; nikaṭṭha° A.II,137; ṭhita° steadfast in body &#38; soul (cp.ṭhitatta) S.V,74; °passaddhi quiet of body &#38; soul S.V,66.The Commentators distinguish those six pairs of the saṅkhārākkhandha,or the cetasikas:citta-kāya-passaddhi,--lahutā,etc.as quiet,buoyancy,etc.,of (a) the viññāṇakkhandha (consciousness),(b) the other 3 mental khandhas,making up the nāma-kāya (DhsA.150 on Dhs.62:Compendium of Phil.96,n.3); passaddha° D.III,241,288.-- (b) intellectual status:citta›manas &#38; viññāṇa (mind›thought &#38; understanding).These three constitute the invisible energizer of the body,alias mind in its manifestations:yañ ca vuccati cittan ti vā mano ti vā viññāṇan ti vā:(a) ayaṃ attā nicco dhuvo,etc.,D.I,21; (b) tatr’assutavā puthujjano n’âlaṃ nibbindituṃ,etc.S.II,94; (g) taṃ rattiyā ca divasassa ca añña-d-eva uppajjati aññaṃ nirujjhati S.II,95,cf.ThA.1 on 125.-- Under ādesanā-pāṭihāriya (thought reading):evam pi te mano ittham pi te mano iti pi te cittaṃ (thus is your thought &#38; thus your mind,i.e.habit of thinking) D.I,213=III,103; A.I,170.-- niccaṃ idaṃ c.niccaṃ idaṃ mano S.I,53; cittena niyyati loko “by thoughts the world is led” S.I,39=A.II,177 (cp.KS 55); apatiṭṭhita-citto ādīna-manaso avyāpaṇnacetaso S.V,74; vyāpanna-citto paduṭṭha-manasaṅkappo S.III,93; paduṭṭha-citto=paduṭṭha-manaso PvA.34,43. 3.c.as emotional habitus:(a) active=intention,contrasted or compared with:(a) will,c.as one of the four samādhis,viz.chanda,viriya,c.,vīmaṃsā D.III,77; S.V,268; Vbh.288.-- (b) action,c.as the source of kamma:citte vyāpanne kāyakammam pi vyāpannaṃ hoti “when the intention is evil,the deed is evil as well” A.I,262; cittaṃ appamāṇaṃ ...yaṃ kiñci pamāṇakataṃ kammaṃ,etc.A.V,299.-- Esp.in contrast to kāya &#38; vācā,in triad kāyena vācāya cittena (in deed &#38; speech &#38; will otherwise as k.v.manasā,see under kāya III,) S.II,231,271=IV.112.Similarly taṃ vācaṃ appahāya (cittaṃ°,diṭṭhiṃ°) S.IV,319=D.III,13,15; &#38; under the constituents of the dakkhiṇeyyasampatti as khetta-sampatti,citta°,payoga° (the recipient of the gift,the good-will,the means) VvA.30,32.-- (b) passive=mood,feelings,emotion,ranging with kāya &#38; paññā under the (3) bhāvanā D.III,219; S.IV,111; A.III,106; cp.M.I,237; Nett 91; classed with kāya vedanā dhammā under the (4) satipaṭṭhānas D.II,95,100,299 sq.; S.V,114,etc.(see kāya cpds.).As part of the sīlakkhandha (with sīla ethics,paññā understanding) in adhisīla,etc.Vin.V,181; Ps.II,243; Vbh.325; cp.tisso sampadā,scil.sīla,citta,diṭṭhi (see sīla &#38; cp.cetanā,cetasika) A.I,269.-- citta &#38; paññā are frequently grouped together,e.g.S.I,13 = 165; D.III,269; Th.I,125 sq.As feeling citta is contrasted with intellection in the group saññā c.diṭṭhi A.II,52; Ps.II,80; Vbh.376.<br><br> 4.Definitions of citta (direct or implied):cittan ti viññāṇaṃ bhūmikavatthu-ārammaṇa-kiriyādi-cittatāya pan’etaṃ cittan ti vuttaṃ DhA.I,228; cittan ti mano mānasaṃ KhA 153; cittaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ ti cittassa etaṃ vevacanaṃ Nett 54.yaṃ cittaṃ mano mānasaṃ hadayaṃ paṇḍaraṃ,etc.Dhs.6=111 (same for def.of manindriya,under § 17; see Buddh.Psych.).As rūpâvacara citta at Vism.376.<br><br> V.Citta in its range of semantical applications:(1) heart,will,intention,etc.(see I.).<br><br> (a) heart as general status of sensory-emotional being; its relation to the senses (indriyāni).A steadfast &#38; constrained heart is the sign of healthy emotional equilibrium,this presupposes the control over the senses; samādahaṃsu cittaṃ attano ujukaṃ akaṃsu,sārathī va nettāni gahetvā indriyāni rakkhanti paṇḍitā S.I,26; ujugato-citto ariyasāvako A.III,285; ṭhita c.S.I,159≈; A.III,377=IV.404 (+ānejjappatta); c.<i>na kampati</i> Sn.268; na vikampate S.IV,71; opp.capalaṃ c.Dh.33; <i>khitta°</i> a heart unbalanced A.II,52 (+visaññin); opp.:avikkhitta° A.V,149; PvA.26; c.<i>rakkhitaṃ</i> mahato atthāya saṃvattati a guarded heart turns to great profit A.I,7; similarly:c.<i>dantaṃ</i>,<i> guttaṃ</i>,<i> saṃvutaṃ</i> ibid.-- cittaṃ rakkhetha medhāvī cittaṃ guttaṃ sukhāvahaṃ Dh.36; cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutassa viharato cittaṃ vyāsiñcati ...rūpesu S.IV,78; ye cittaṃ saññamessanti mokkhanti Mārabandhanā “from the fetters of Māra those are released who control their heart” Dh.37; pāpā cittaṃ nivāraye Dh.116; bhikkhuno c.kulesu na sajjati,gayhati,bajjhati S.II,198 (cp.Schiller:“Nicht an die Güter hänge dein Herz”).<br><br> (b) Contact with <i>kāma </i>&<i> rāga</i>:a lustful,worldly,craving heart.-- (a) kāmā:kāmā mathenti cittaṃ Sn.50; S.IV,210; kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi S.I,188; kāme nâpekkhate cittaṃ Sn.435; mā te kāmaguṇe bhamassu cittaṃ Dh.371; manussakehi kāmehi cittaṃ vuṭṭhapetvā S.V,409; <i>na uḷāresu kāmaguṇesu bhogāya cittaṃ</i> namati A.IV,392; S.I,92; kāmāsavā pi cittaṃ vimuccati A.II,211,etc.; kāmesu c.na pakkhandati na ppasīdati na sanṭiṭṭhati (my h.does not leap,sit or stand in cravings) D.III,239; kāmesu tibbasārāgo vyāpannacitto S.III,93; kāmāmise laggacitto (divide thus!) PvA.107.-- (b) rāgā:rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti (defilement harasses his heart) S.I,185; II,231=271; A.II,126; III,393; rāga-pariyuṭṭhitaṃ c.hoti A.III,285; sārattacitto S.IV,73; viratta° S.IV,74; Sn.235; PvA.168.‹-› (g) various:patibaddha -- c.(fettered in the bonds of °) A.IV,60; Sn.37,65; PvA.46,151,etc.-- <i>pariyādinna°</i> (grasping,greedy),usually comb<sup>d</sup> w.lābhena abhi‹-› bhūta:S.II,226,228; IV,125; A.IV,160; D.III,249.-- <i>upakkiliṭṭha°</i> (etc.) (defiled) S.I,179; III,151,232 sq.; V,92 (kāmacchando cittassa upakkileso); A.I,207; V,93 sq.-- otiṇṇa° fallen in love A.III,67; SnA 322.<br><br> (c) A heart,composed,concentrated,settled,selfcontrolled,mastered,constrained.-- (a) c.<i>pasīdati</i> (pasanna-°c) (a heart full of grace,settled in faith) S.I,98; A.I,207; III,248; Sn.434; pasanna°:A.IV,209,213; Sn.316,403,690,cp.c.pakkhandati pasīdati S.III,133; A.III,245; also vippasanna°:S.V,144; Sn.506; cp.vippasannena cetasā Pv.I,10<sup>10</sup>.-- (b) c.<i>santiṭṭhati</i> in set s.sannisīdati,ekodihoti,samādhiyati (cp.cetaso ekodibhāva) S.II,273; IV,263; A.II,94,157.-- (g) c.<i>samādhiyati</i> (samāhita-c°,cp.ceto-samadhi quiescence) D.I,13=III,30,108; S.I,120,129,188; IV,78=351; A.I,164; II,211; III,17,280; IV,177; Vbh.227; Vism.376,etc.-(d) <i>supatiṭṭhita-</i>c° always in formula catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu-s-c°:S.III,93; V,154; 301; D.III,101; A.V,195.-- (e) <i>susaṇṭhita</i> c.S.V,74.-- <i>vasībhūta</i> c.S.I,132; A.I,165.-- <i>danta</i> c.Dh.35.-- (d) “with purpose of heart,” a heart set on,striving after,endeavouring,etc.-- (a) <i>cittaṃ namati</i> (inclines his h.on,with dat:appossukkatāya S.I,137); nekkhamma-ninna S.III,233; viveka° D.III,283; A.IV,233; V,175.-- (b) cittaṃ <i>padahati</i> (pa+<i>dhā</i>:pro-ti/qhti) in phrase chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabbhati c° ṃ paggaṇhāti padahati D.III,221; A.II,15=IV.462; S.V,269; Nd<sup>2</sup> 97; Nett 18.In the same ṣense <i>pa-ni-dahati</i> (in paṇidhi,paṇihita bent down on) (cp.ceto-paṇidhi) S.I,133 (tattha) IV.309 (dup°); V,157; Dh.42=Ud.39; Dh.43 (sammā°).<br><br> (e) An evil heart (“out of heart proceed evil thoughts” Mk.7,21) -- (a) <i>paduṭṭha-</i>c° (cp.ceto-padosa) D.I,20= III,32; A.I,8 (opp.pasanna-c°); IV,92; It.12,13; Pv A 33,43,etc.-- (b) <i>vyāpanna-</i>c°:citte vyāpanne kāyakammam pi vyāpannaṃ hoti A.I,262.Opp.a°:S.IV,322; A.II,220.-- (g) <i>samoha-</i>c° (+sarāga,etc.) D.I,79; II,299; III,281; Vism.410, &#38; passim.<br><br> (f) “blessed are the pure in heart,” a pure,clean,purified (cp.Ger.geläutert),emancipated,free,detached heart.(a) <i>mutta-</i>c°,<i>vimutta-</i>c°,etc.(cp.cetaso vimokkho,ceto-vimutti,muttena cetasā),āsavehi cittāni mucciṃsu S.III,132,etc.; vi° Sn.p.149.-- vimutta:S.I,28 (+subhāvita),29,46=52; III,45 (+viratta),90; IV,236 (rāgā); Sn.23 (+sudanta); Nd<sup>2</sup> 587.-- suvimutta:S.I,126,141,233; IV,164; A.III,245; V,29; Sn.975 (+satimā).-- (b) cittaṃ <i>parisodheti</i> M.I,347; A.II,211; S.IV,104.-- (g) <i>alīna</i> c.(unstained) S.I,159; A.V,149; Sn.68; 717; Nd<sup>2</sup> 97 (cp.cetaso līnatta).<br><br> (g) good-will,a loving thought,kindliness,tenderheartedness,love (“love the Lord with all your heart”).-- (a) <i>metta-</i>c° usually in phrase mettacittaṃ bhāveti “to nourish the heart with loving thought,” to produce good-will D.I,167; S.II,264; A.I,10; V,81; Sn.507 (cp.mettā-sahagatena cetasā).-- (b) <i>bhāvita-</i>c° “keep thy heart with all diligence” (Prov.4,23) S.I,188 (+susamāhita); IV,294; V,369 (saddhā-paribhāvita); A.I,6 (+bahulīkata,etc.); Sn.134 (=S.I,188); Dh.89=S.V,29; PvA.139.<br><br> (h) a heart calmed,allayed,passionless (<i>santa° upasanta°</i>) D.III,49; S.I,141; Sn.746.<br><br> (i) a wieldy heart,a heart ready &#38; prepared for truth,an open &#38; receptive mind:<i>kalla°</i>,<i> mudu°</i>,<i> udagga°</i>,<i> pasanna°</i> A.IV,186; <i>kalla°</i> PvA.38 (sanctified); lahu° S.I,201; <i>udagga°</i> Sn.689,1028; S.I,190 (+mudita); mudu° PvA.54.<br><br> (k) Various phrases.Abbhuta-cittajātā “while wonder filled their hearts” S.I,178; evaṃcitto “in this state of mind” S.II,199; Sn.985; cittam me Gotamo jānāti (G.knows my heart) S.I,178; theyya-citto intending to steal Vin.III,58; āraddha-citto of determined mind M.I,414; S.II,21,cp.107; Sn.p.102; aññācittaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti S.II,267; nānā° of varying mind J.I,295; nihīnacitto low-minded PvA.107; nikaṭṭha° A.II,137; āhata° A.IV,460=V.18; supahata° S.I,238 (cp.Miln.26); visaṅkhāragata° Dh.154; sampanna° Sn.164; vibbhanta° S.I,61=A.I,70=II.30=III,391. (2) thought:mā pāpakaṃ akusalaṃ cittaṃ cinteyyātha (do not think any evil thought) S.V,418; na cittamattam pi (not even one thought) PvA.3; mama cittaṃ bhaveyya (I should think) PvA.40.For further instances see Dhs. &#38; Vbh.Indexes &#38; cp.cpds.See also remarks above (under I.).Citta likened to a monkey Vism.425.<br><br> <i>--âdhipati</i> the influence of thought (adj.°pateyya) Nett 16; Dhs.269,359; DhsA.213.Commentators define c.here as javanacittuppāda,our “thought” in its specialized sense,Compendium of Phil.177,n.2.<i>--ânuparivattin</i> consecutive to thought Dhs.671,772,1522; <i>--ânupassanā</i> the critique of heart,adj.°ânupassin D.II,299; III,221,281; M.I,59 &#38; passim (cp.kāy°); <i>--āvila</i> disturbance of mind Nd<sup>2</sup> 576 (°karaṇa); <i>--ujjukatā</i> rectitude of mind Dhs.51,277,etc.; <i>--uppāda</i> the rise of a thought,i.e.intention,desire as theyya <i>°ṃ</i> uppādesi he had the intention to steal (a thought of theft) Vin.III,56; -- M.I,43; III,45; J.II,374; <i>--ekaggatā</i> “one-pointedness of mind,” concentration Nett 15,16; Vism.84,137,158; DhA.III,425; ThA.75; cp.ekagga-citto A.III,175; <i>--kali</i> a witch of a heart,a witch-like heart Th.1,356; <i>--kallatā</i> readiness of heart,preparedness of mind VvA.330; <i>--kilesa</i> stain of h.Dh.88 (DhA.II,162=pañca nīvaraṇā); <i>--kelisā</i> pastime of the mind Th.1,1010; <i>--kkhepa</i> derangement of the mind,madness Vin.V,189=193 (ummāda+); A.III,219 (ummāda+); DhA.III,70 (=ummāda); PvA.39; Dh.138; cp.°vikkhepa; <i>--cetasika</i> belonging to heart &#38; thought,i.e.mental state,thought,mind D.I,213; Dhs.1022 (-dhammā,Mrs.Rh.D.:emotional,perceptual &#38; synthetic states as well as those of intellect applied to sense-impressions),1282; Ps.I,84; Miln.87; Vism.61,84,129,337; <i>--dubbhaka</i> a rogue of a heart,a rogue-like heart Th.1,214; <i>--pakopana</i> shaking or upsetting the mind It.84 (dosa); <i>--pamaddin</i> crushing the h.Th.2,357 (=ThA.243; v.l.<i>pamāthin </i>&<i> pamādin</i>); <i>--pariyāya</i> the ways (i.e.behaviour) of the h.A.V,160 (cp.ceto-paricca); <i>--passaddhi</i> calm of h.,serenity of mind (cp.<i>kāya°</i>) S.V,66; Dhs.62; <i>--bhāvanā</i> cultivation of the h.M.III,149; <i>--mala</i> stain of h.PvA.17; <i>--mudutā</i> plasticity of mind (or thought) Dhs.62,277,325; <i>--rucita</i> after the heart’s liking J.I,207; <i>--rūpaṃ</i> according to intention,as much as expected Vin.I,222; II,78; III,161; IV,177,232; <i>--lahutā</i> buoyancy of thought Dhs.62,323,1283; Vism.465; <i>--vikkhepa</i> (cp.<i>°kkhepa</i>) madness S.I,126 (+<i>ummāda</i>); Nett 27; Vism.34; <i>--vippayutta</i> disconnected with thought Dhs.1192,1515; <i>--visaṃsaṭṭha</i> detached fr.thought Dhs.1194,1517; <i>--vūpasama</i> allayment of one’s h.S.I,46; <i>--saṅkilesa</i> (adj.) with impure heart (opp.c.-vodāna) S.III,151; <i>--saññatti</i> conviction Miln.256; <i>--santāpa</i> “heart-burn,” sorrow PvA.18 (=soka); <i>--samādhi</i> (cp.ceto-<i>samādhi</i>) concentration of mind,collectedness of thought,self-possession S.IV,350; V,269; Vbh.218; <i>--samodhāna</i> adjustment,calming of thoughts ThA.45; <i>--sampīḷana</i> (adj.) h.‹-› crushing (cp.<i>°pamaddin </i>&<i> °pakopana</i>) Nett 29 (domanassa).<i>--sahabhū</i> arising together with thought Dhs.670,769,1520.<i>--hetuka</i> (adj.) caused by thought Dhs.667,767.(Page 266),5,1
  3906. 136288,en,15,citta,citta,Citta,Citta,<sup>1</sup> &#38; Citra (adj.) [to cetati; <i>*(s)qait</i> to shine,to be bright,cp.Sk.citra,Sk.P.ketu,Av.ciprō,Lat.caelum,Ags.hador,Ohg.heitar,see also citta<sup>2</sup>] variegated,manifold,beautiful; tasty,sweet,spiced (of cakes),J.IV,30 (geṇḍuka); Dh.171 (rājaratha); Vv 47<sup>9</sup>; Pv.II,11<sup>2</sup> (aneka°); IV,3<sup>13</sup> (pūvā=madhurā PvA.251).<i>Citta</i> (nt.) painting Th.1,674.-- Sn.50 (kāmā=Nd<sup>2</sup> 240 nānāvaṇṇā),251 (gāthā); J.V,196 (geṇḍuka),241 VI,218.-- <i>sucitta</i> gaily coloured or dressed S.I,226 (b); Dh.151 (rājaratha); Pv.I,10<sup>9</sup> (vimāna). <i>--akkhara</i> (adj.) with beautiful vowels S.II,267 (Cp.°vyañjana); <i>--attharaka</i> a variegated carpet DA.I,256; <i>--āgāra</i> a painted house,i.e.furnished with pictures; a picture gallery Vin.IV,298; <i>--upāhana</i> a gaily coloured sandal D.I,7≈; <i>--kata</i> adorned,dressed up M.II,64= Dh.147=Th.1,769; DhA.III,109 (=vicitta); <i>--katha</i> (adj.) =next S.I,199 (+bahussuta); <i>--kathin</i> a brilliant speaker,a wise speaker,an orator,preacher.Freq.comb<sup>d</sup> w.bahussuta (of wide knowledge,learned),e.g.paṇḍita ...medhāvin kalyāṇapaṭibhāna S.IV,375,samaṇa bahussuta c.uḷāra Vv 84<sup>26</sup>.-- A.III,58; J.I,148; Miln.1,21; <i>--kathika</i>=°kathin A.I,24; Th.2,449 (+bahussuta),expl<sup>d</sup> at ThA.281 by cittadhammakatha; <i>--kamma</i> decoration,ornamentation,painting J.IV,408; VI,333; Miln.278; Vism.306; PvA.147; DhsA.334; (m.) a painter J.VI,481; <i>--kāra</i> a painter,a decorator (cp.rajaka) S.II,101=III,152; Th.2,256; J.VI,333; <i>--chatta</i> at J.VI,540 to be changed into °patta; <i>--patta</i> (adj.) having variegated wings J.VI,540,590; <i>--pāṭalī</i> (f.) N.of a plant (the “pied” trumpet-flower) in the world of Asuras J.I,202; DhA.I,280; <i>--pekhuna</i> having coloured wings J.I,207; VI,539; <i>--bimba</i> (-mukhi) (a woman whose face is) like a painted image J.V,452 (cp cittakata); <i>--miga</i> the spotted antelope J.VI,538; <i>--rūpa</i> (nt.) a wonder,something wonderful J.VI,512; as adv.°ṃ (to citta<sup>2</sup>?) easily Vin.II,78=III,161; IV,177,232; <i>--latā</i> the plant Rubia Munjista J.VI,278; °vana the R.M.grove,one of Indra’s gardens [Sk.caitraratha] J.I,52,104; II,188; VI,590,etc.; <i>--vitāna</i> a bright canopy DhA.IV,14; <i>--vyañjana</i> (adj.) with beautiful consonants (cp.°akkhara) S.II,267=A.I,73=III,107; <i>--sāṇī</i> variegated cloth J.II,290; DhA.IV,14; <i>--sālā</i> a painted room or picture gallery DA.I,253; <i>--sibbana</i> with fine sewing; a cover of various embroidery Sn.304= J.IV,395; J.VI,218.(Page 265),5,1
  3907. 136643,en,15,cittaka,cittaka,Cittaka,Cittaka,<sup>2</sup> :see <i>acittaka</i>.(Page 268),7,1
  3908. 136644,en,15,cittaka,cittaka,Cittaka,Cittaka,(<sup>a</sup>) &#38; Citraka(<sup>b</sup>) 1.(adj.)(<sup>a</sup>) coloured J.IV,464.‹-› 2.(m.)(<sup>b</sup>) the spotted antelope J.VI,538.-- 3.(nt.) a (coloured) mark (on the forehead) Miln.408 (°dharakumma).-- f.<i>cittakā</i> a counterpane of many colours (DA.I,86 cittikā:vāna [read nāna°] citra-uṇṇā-may’attharaṇaṃ) Vin.I,192; II,163,169; D.I,7; A.I,181≈.(Page 268),7,1
  3909. 136645,en,15,cittaka,cittaka,Cittaka,Cittaka,(nt.) [to citta<sup>1</sup>] a sectarian mark on the forehead in <i>°dhara-kumma</i> a tortoise bearing this mark,a landtortoise Miln.364,408,cp.Miln.trsl.II.352.(Page 265),7,1
  3910. 137895,en,15,cittata,cittatā,Cittatā,Cittatā,[f.abstr.to citta<sup>2</sup>] “being of such a heart or mind,” state of mind,character S.III,152; IV,142 (vimutta°); V,158 (id.); A.V,145 sq.(upārambha°); Vbh.372 (id.); Vbh.359 (amudu°); PvA.13 (visuddhi°,noble character); paṭibaddha° (in love with) PvA.145,147,270.In S.III,152 l cittitā q.v.(Page 268),7,1
  3911. 137896,en,15,cittata,cittatā,Cittatā,Cittatā,[f.abstr.to citta<sup>1</sup>] SA on S.III,151 sq.(bhūmicittatāya dvāracittatāya ārammaṇacittatāya kammanānatta).(Page 268),7,1
  3912. 137905,en,15,cittatara,cittatara,Cittatara,Cittatara,compar.of citta<sup>1</sup>,more various,more varied.S.III,151 sq.-- a punning passage,thus:by the pro‹-› cedure (caraṇa) of mind (in the past) the present mind (citta) is still more varied.Cp.SA in loco:Asl.66; Expositor 88.(Page 268),9,1
  3913. 137918,en,15,cittatta,cittatta,Cittatta,Cittatta,(n.) = cittatā S.V,158.(Page 268),8,1
  3914. 138248,en,15,citti,citti,Citti,Citti,(f.) [fr.<em>cit</em>,cp.citta,cintā,cinteti,formation like mutti›muc,sitti›sic] “giving thought or heart” only in comb<sup>n</sup> w.<i>kar:</i> cittikaroti to honour,to esteem.Ger.<i>cittikatvā</i> M.III,24; A.III,172; Pv.II,9<sup>55</sup> (cittiṃ k.=pūjetvā PvA.135); Dpvs.I,2; -- acittikatvā M.III,22; A.IV,392.-- pp.<i>cittikata</i> thought (much) of Vin.IV,6 ( &#38; a°); Vbh.2.(Page 268),5,1
  3915. 138267,en,15,cittikara,cittikāra,Cittikāra,Cittikāra,[see citti] respect,consideration VvA.178 (garu°),242; PvA.26; Vbh.371 (a°); Vism.123 (cittī°),188.(Page 268),9,1
  3916. 138322,en,15,cittita,cittita,Cittita,Cittita,[pp.of citteti,denom.fr.citta<sup>1</sup>] painted,variegated,varied,coloured or resplendent with (-°) S.III,152 (sic l.for cittatā) So SA,which,on p.151,reads citten’eva cittitaṃ for cintitaṃ.Th.1,736; 2,390 (su°); Vv 36<sup>7</sup>; 40<sup>2</sup>.(Page 268),7,1
  3917. 138462,en,15,civara,cīvara,Cīvara,Cīvara,(nt.) [*Sk.cīvara,prob.=cīra,appl<sup>d</sup> orig.to a dress of bark] the (upper) robe of a Buddhist mendicant.C.is the first one of the set of 4 standard requisites of a wandering bhikkhu,vir.c°,<i>piṇḍapāta</i> almsbowl,<i>senāsana</i> lodging,a place to sleep at,<i>gilānapaccaya-bhesajja-parikkhāra</i> medicinal appliances for use in sickness.Thus mentioned passim e.g.Vin.III,89,99,211; IV,154 sq.; D.I,61; M.II,102; A.I,49; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; It.111.In abbreviated form Sn.339; PvA.7; Sdhp.393.In starting on his begging round the bhikkhu goes <i>patta-cīvaraṃ ādāya</i>,The 3 robes are saṅghāṭi,uttarāsaṅga,antaravāsaka,given thus,e.g.at Vin.I,289.that is literally “taking his bowl &#38; robe.” But this is an elliptical idiom meaning “putting on his outer robe and taking his bowl.” A bhikkhu never goes into a village without wearing all his robes,he never takes them,or any one of the three,with him.Each of the three is simply an oblong piece of cloth (usually cotton cloth).On the mode of wearing these three robes see the note at Dialogues II.145.-- Vin.III,11; D.II,85; Sn.p.21; PvA.10,13 &#38; passim.The sewing of the robe was a festival for the laity (see under kaṭhina).There are 6 kinds of cloth mentioned for its manufacture,viz.khoma,kappāsika,koseyya,kambala,sāṇa,bhaṅga Vin.I.58=96=281 (cp.°dussa).Two kinds of robes are distinguished:one of the gahapatika (layman) a white one,and the other that of the bhikkhu,the c.proper,called paṃsukūlaṃ c.“the dust-heap robe” Vin.V,117 (cp.gahapati).-- On <i>cīvara</i> in general &#38; also on special ordinances concerning its making,wearing &#38; handling see Vin.I,46,49 sq.,196,198,253 sq.,285,287 sq.,306=II.267 (of var.colours); II,115 sq.(sibbati to sew the c.); III,45,58 (theft of a c.),195--223,254--266; IV,59--62,120--123,173,279 sq.,283 (six kinds).-- A.III,108 (cīvare kalyāṇakāma); V,100,206; Vism.62; It.103; PvA.185.-- <i>Sīse cīvaraṃ karoti</i> to drape the outer robe over the head Vin.II,207,217; <i>°ṃ khandhe karoti</i> to drape it over the back Vin.II,208,217; <i>°ṃ nikkhipati</i> to lay it down or put it away Vin.I,47 sq.; II,152,224; III,198,203,263; <i>°ṃ saṃharati</i> to fold it up Vin.I,46.-- Var.expressions referring to the use of the robe:<i>atireka°</i> an extra robe Vin.III,195; <i>acceka°</i> id.Vin.III,260 sq.; <i>kāla°</i> ( &#38; akāla°) a robe given at (and outside) the specified time Vin.III,202 sq.; IV,284,287; <i>gahapati°</i> a layman’s r.Vin.III,169,171; <i>ti°</i> the three robes,viz.saṅghāṭī,uttarāsaṅga,antaravāsaka Vin.I,288,289; III,11,195,198 sq.; V,142; adj.tecīvarika wearing 3 rs.Vin.V,193; <i>dubbala°</i> (as adj.) with a worn-out c.Vin.III,254; IV,59,154,286; <i>paṃsukūla°</i> the dust-heap robe PvA.141; <i>sa°-bhatta</i> food given with a robe Vin.IV,77; <i>lūkha°</i> (adj.) having a coarse robe Vin.I,109 (+duccola); III,263 (id.); A.I,25; <i>vihāra°</i> a robe to be used in the monastery Vin.III,212.<br><br> <i>--kaṇṇa</i> the lappet of a monk’s robe DhA.III,420; VvA.76=DhA.III,106,cp.cīvarakarṇaka Av.Ś II.184, &#38; °ika Divy 239,341,350.<i>--kamma</i> (nt.) robe-making Vin.II,218; III,60,240; IV,118,151; A.V,328 sq.; DhA.III,342; PvA.73,145.<i>--kāra</i> (-samaya) (the time of) sewing the robes Vin.III,256 sq.<i>--kāla</i> (-samaya) the right time for accepting robes Vin.III,261; IV,286,287; <i>--dāna</i> (-samaya) (the ime for) giving robes Vin.IV,77,99; <i>--dussa</i> clothing-material Vin.IV,279,280; <i>--nidāhaka</i> putting on the c.Vin.I,284; <i>--paṭiggāhaka</i> the receiver of a robe Vin.I,283; II,176; V,205; A.III,274 sq.; <i>--paṭivisa</i> a portion of the c.Vin.I,263,285,301; <i>--palibodha</i> an obstacle to the valid performance of the kathina ceremony arising from a set of robes being due to a particular person [a technical term of the canon law.See Vinaya Texts II.149,157,169].It is one of the two <i>kaṭhinassa palibodhā</i> (c. &#38; āvāsa°) Vin.I,265; V,117,cp.178; <i>--paviveka</i> (nt.) the seclusion of the robe,i.e.of a non-Buddhist with two other pavivekāni (piṇḍapāta° &#38; senāsana°) at A.I,240; <i>--bhaṅga</i> the distribution of robes Vin.IV,284; <i>--bhatta</i> robes &#38; a meal (given to the bh.) Vin.III,265; <i>--bhājaka</i> one who deals out the robes Vin.I,285; II,176; V,205; A.III,274 sq.(cp.°paṭiggāhaka); <i>--bhisī</i> a robe rolled up like a pillow Vin.I,287 sq.; <i>--rajju</i> (f.) a rope for (hanging up) the robes; in the Vinaya always comb<sup>d</sup> with °vaṃsa (see below); <i>--lūkha</i> (adj.) one who is poorly dressed Pug.53; <i>--vaṃsa</i> a bamboo peg for hanging up a robe (cp.°rajju) Vin.I,47,286; II,117,121,152,153,209,222; III,59; J.I,9; DhA.III,342; <i>--saṅkamanīya</i> (nt.) a robe that ought to be handed over (to its legal owner) Vin.IV,282; 283.(Page 269),6,1
  3918. 139010,en,15,ciyati,cīyati,Cīyati,Cīyati,[Pass.of cināti] to be gathered,to be heaped up Sn.428 (cīyate pahūtaṃ puññaṃ).See also ā°.(Page 269),6,1
  3919. 139021,en,15,coca,coca,Coca,Coca,(nt.) [Both derivation &#38; meaning uncertain.The word is certainly not Aryan.See the note at Vinaya Texts II.132] the cocoa-nut or banana,or cinnamon J.V,420 (°vana); <i>--°pāna</i> a sweet drink of banana or cocoa-nut milk Vin.I,246.(Page 272),4,1
  3920. 139041,en,15,codaka,codaka,Codaka,Codaka,(adj.) [to codeti] one who rebukes; exhorting,reproving Vin.I,173; II 248 sq.; V,158,159 etc.; S.I,63; M.I,95 sq.; D.III,236; A.I,53; III,196; IV,193 sq.; DA.I,40.(Page 272),6,1
  3921. 139074,en,15,codana,codanā,Codanā,Codanā,(f.) [see codeti] reproof,exhortation D.I,230; III,218; A.III,352; Vin.V,158,159; Vism.276.-- As ttg.in <i>codan’atthe nipāto</i> an exhortative particle J.VI,211 (for iṅgha); VvA.237 (id.); PvA.88 v.l.(for handa).(Page 273),6,1
  3922. 139257,en,15,codetar,codetar,Codetar,Codetar,[n.ag.to codeti] one who reproves,one who exacts blame,etc.Vin.V,184.(Page 273),7,1
  3923. 139264,en,15,codeti,codeti,Codeti,Codeti,[Vedic codati &#38; codayati,from <em>cud</em>] aor.<i>acodayi</i> (J.V,112),inf.codetuṃ,grd.codetabba; Pass.<i>cujjati</i> &#38; codiyati; pp.cudita &#38; codita (q.v.):Caus.<i>codāpeti</i> (Vin.III,165) to urge,incite,exhort; to reprove,reprimand,to call forth,to question; in spec.sense to demand payment of a debt (J.VI,69 iṇaṃ codetvā; 245; Sn.120 iṇaṃ cujjamāna being pressed to pay up; PvA.3 iṇayikehi codiyamāna) D.I,230; Vin.I,43 (āpattiyā c.to reprove for an offence),114,170 sq.,322 sq.; II,2 sq.,80 sq.; III,164,etc.; J.V,112; Dh.379; PvA.39,74.(Page 273),6,1
  3924. 139300,en,15,codita,codita,Codita,Codita,[pp.of codeti,q.v.] urged,exhorted,incited; questioned Sn.819; J.VI,256; Pv.II,9<sup>66</sup>; Vv 16<sup>1</sup>; PvA.152; Sdhp.309.(Page 273),6,1
  3925. 139324,en,15,cokkha,cokkha,Cokkha,Cokkha,(adj.) [Cp.Sk.cokṣa] clean J.III,21; <i>°bhāva</i> cleanliness M.I,39 (=visuddhibhāva; to be read for <i>T mokkha°</i>? See Trenckner’s note on p.530).(Page 272),6,1
  3926. 139337,en,15,cola,cola,Cola,Cola,( &#38; coḷa) [Cp.Sk.coḍa] a piece of cloth,a rag S.I,34; J.IV,380; Miln.169; PvA.73; Sdhp.396.<i>--bhisi</i> a mat spread with a piece of cloth (as a seat) Vin.IV,40.‹-› <i>duccola</i> clad in rags,badly dressed Vin.I,109; III,263.(Page 273),4,1
  3927. 139382,en,15,colaka,colaka,Colaka,Colaka,( &#38; coḷaka)=cola Vin.I,48,296; II,113,151,174,208,225; Pv.II,1<sup>7</sup>; Miln.53 (bark for tinder?); DhA.II,173.(Page 273),6,1
  3928. 139464,en,15,copana,copana,Copana,Copana,(nt.) [<em>cup</em>,copati to stir,rel.to <em>kup</em>,see kuppati] moving,stirring DhA.IV,85;DhsA.92,240,323.(Page 273),6,1
  3929. 139521,en,15,cora,cora,Cora,Cora,[<em>cur</em>,corayati to steal; Dhtp 530=theyye] a thief,a robber Vin.I,74,75,88,149; S.II,100,128=A.II,240; S.II,188 (gāmaghāta,etc.); IV,173; M.II,74=Th.1,786; A.I,48; II,121 sq.; IV,92,278; Sn.135,616,652; J.I,264 (°rājā,the robber king); II,104; III,84; Miln.20; Vism.180 (sah’oḍḍha c.),314 (in simile),489 (rāja-puris’ânubandha°,in comparison),569 (andhakāre corassa hattha-pasāraṇaṃ viya); DhA.II,30; PvA.3,54,274.-- <i>mahā°</i> a great robber Vin.III,89; D.III,203; A.I,153; III,128; IV,339; Miln.185.-- Often used in similes:see J.P.T.S.1907,87.<br><br> <i>--âṭavi</i> wood of robbers Vism.190; <i>--upaddava</i> an attack from robbers J.I,267; <i>--kathā</i> talk about thieves (one of the forbidden pastimes,see kathā) D.I,7=Vin.I,188≈; <i>--ghātaka</i> an executioner A.II,207; J.III,178; IV,447; V,303; PvA.5.(Page 273),4,1
  3930. 139613,en,15,coraka,coraka,Coraka,Coraka,[cp.Sk.coraka] a plant used for the preparation of perfume J.VI,537.(Page 273),6,1
  3931. 139759,en,15,cori,corī,Corī,Corī,(f.) a female thief Vin.IV,276; J.II,363; (adj.) thievish,deceitful J.I,295.-- <i>dāraka°</i> a female kidnapper J.VI,337.(Page 273),4,1
  3932. 139774,en,15,corika,corikā,Corikā,Corikā,f.thieving,theft Vin.I,208; J.III,508; Miln.158; PvA.4,86,192; VvA.72 (=theyyā).(Page 273),6,1
  3933. 139826,en,15,corovassikam,corovassikaṃ,Corovassikaṃ,Corovassikaṃ,at Nd<sup>2</sup> 40 (p.85) read terovassikaṃ (as S.IV,185).(Page 273),12,1
  3934. 139874,en,15,cuddasa,cuddasa,Cuddasa,Cuddasa,[contracted fr.catuddasa,Sk.caturdaśa,cp.catur] fourteen J.I,71; VI,8; Miln.12; DhA.III,120,186.(Page 270),7,1
  3935. 139971,en,15,cudita,cudita,Cudita,Cudita,(adj.) [pp.of codati] being urged,receiving blame,being reproved Vin.I,173; II,250; II,250,251; M.I,95 sq.; A.III,196 sq.<i>--°ka</i> id.Vin.V,115,158,161,164.(Page 270),6,1
  3936. 140022,en,15,cula,cūḷa,Cūḷa,Cūḷa,[Sk.cūḍa &#38; cūlikā] 1.swelling,protuberance; root,knot,crest.As kaṇṇa-cūḷa the root of an elephant’s ear J.VI,488.<i>aḍḍha-cūḷa</i> a measure (see aḍḍha).See also cūlikā.-- 2.(adj.) see <i>culla</i>.(Page 271),4,1
  3937. 140033,en,15,cula,cūḷā,Cūḷā,Cūḷā,(f.) [Vedic cūḍā.to cūḍa]=cūḷa,usually in sense of crest only,esp.denoting the lock of hair left on the crown of the head when the rest of the head is shaved (cp.Anglo-Indian chuḍā &#38; Gujarāti choṭali) J.I,64,462; V,153,249 (pañcacūḷā kumārā); DhA.I,294; as mark of distinction of a king J.III,211; V,187; of a servant J.VI,135.-- a cock’s comb J.II,410; III,265.<br><br> <i>--maṇi</i> (m.) a jewel worn in a crest or diadem,a jewelled crest J.I,65; II,122; V,441.(Page 271),4,1
  3938. 140150,en,15,culaka,cūḷaka,Cūḷaka,Cūḷaka,(adj.) [fr.cūḷā] having a cūḷa or top-knot; <i>pañca°</i> with five top-knots J.V,250 (of a boy).(Page 271),6,1
  3939. 140308,en,15,culanika,cūḷanikā,Cūḷanikā,Cūḷanikā,(f.) [Der.fr.culla,q.v.] only in phrase <i>sahassi cūḷanikā lokadhātu</i> “the system of the 1,000 lesser worlds” (distinguished from the dvi-sahassī majjhimakā &#38; the ti-sahassī mahāsahassi lokadhātu) A.I,227; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235,2<sup>b</sup>.(Page 271),8,1
  3940. 140448,en,15,culasiti,cūḷāsīti,Cūḷāsīti,Cūḷāsīti,for cullāsīti at Th.2,51.(Page 271),8,1
  3941. 140544,en,15,culika,cūlikā,Cūlikā,Cūlikā,(f.) [Sk.cūlikā,cp.cūḍā]=cūḷa; <i>kaṇṇa°</i> the root of the ear J.II,276; Vism.249,255; DhA.IV,13 (of an elephant).°baddha S.II,182; KS.II,122.See also cūḷā.(Page 271),6,1
  3942. 140561,en,15,culla,culla,Culla,Culla, &#38; cūḷa (adj.) [Sk.kṣulla=kṣudra (P.khudda,see khuddaka),with c:k=cuṇṇa:kṣud] small,minor (opp.mahā great,major),often in conn.with names &#38; titles of books,e.g.c° Anāthapiṇḍika=A jr.J.II,287,cp.Anglo-Indian chota sahīb the younger gentleman (Hind.chhota=culla); or Culla-vagga,the minor section (Vin.II,) as subordinate to Mahā-vagga (Vin.I,),Culla-niddesa the minor exposition (following upon Mahā-niddesa); culla-sīla the si ‘ple precepts of ethics (opp.mahā° the detailed sīla) D.I,5,etc.Otherwise only in cpds.:<br><br> <i>--aṅgulī</i> little finger DhA.II,86.<i>--ûpaṭṭhāka</i> a “lesser” follower,i.e.a personal attendant (of a thera) J.I,108 (cūl°); II,325 (cull°; DhA.I,135; II,260; cūḷ); <i>--pitā</i> an uncle (“lesser” father=sort of father,cp.Lat.matertera,patruus,Ger.Vetter=father jun.) J.II,5; III,456 (v.l.petteyya); PvA.107; DhA.I,221 (cūḷa°).(Page 270),5,1
  3943. 140635,en,15,cullasiti,cullāsīti,Cullāsīti,Cullāsīti,[=caturāsīti] eighty-four J.VI,226 (mahākappe as duration of Saṃsāra); PvA.254 (id.).Also as cūḷāsīti q.v.(Page 271),9,1
  3944. 140697,en,15,cumbata,cumbaṭa,Cumbaṭa,Cumbaṭa,(nt.) [cp.Prk.cumbhala] (a) a coil; a pad of cloth,a pillow J.I,53 (dukūla°); II,21 (id.); VvA.73.-- (b) a wreath J.III,87.Cp.next.(Page 270),7,1
  3945. 140704,en,15,cumbataka,cumbaṭaka,Cumbaṭaka,Cumbaṭaka,(nt.) cumbaṭa,viz.(a) a pillow DhA.I,139; VvA.33,165.-(b) a wreath J.IV,231 (puppha°); SnA 137; DhA.I,72 (mālā°).(Page 270),9,1
  3946. 140724,en,15,cumbati,cumbati,Cumbati,Cumbati,[Sk.cumbati.Dhtp 197 defines as “vadanasaṃyoge”] to kiss J.II,193; V,328; VI,291,344; VvA.260.Cp.pari°.(Page 270),7,1
  3947. 140756,en,15,cunda,cunda,Cunda,Cunda,an artist who works in ivory J.VI,261 (Com:dantakāra); Miln.331.(Page 270),5,1
  3948. 140771,en,15,cundakara,cundakāra,Cundakāra,Cundakāra,a turner J.VI,339.(Page 270),9,1
  3949. 140804,en,15,cunna,cuṇṇa,Cuṇṇa,Cuṇṇa,[Sk.cūrṇa,pp.of carvati,to chew,to <i>*sqer</i> to cut,break up,as in Lat.caro,Sk.kṛṇāti (cp.kaṭu); cp Lit.kirwis axe,Lat.scrūpus sharp stone,scrupulus,scortum.See also calaka<sup>2</sup> &#38; cp.Sk.kṣunna of <i>kṣud</i> to grind,to which prob.P.kuḍḍa] 1.pp.broken up,powdered; only in cpd.<i>°vicuṇṇa</i> crushed to bits,smashed up,piecemeal J.I,73; II,120,159,216; III,74.-- 2.(nt.) (a) any hard substance ground into a powder; dust,sand J.I,216; VvA.65 (paṃsu°); Pv III,3<sup>3</sup> (suvaṇṇa° gold-dust; PvA.189=vālikā); DA.I,245 (id.); DhsA.12.-- (b) esp.“chunam” (Anglo-Ind.) i.e.a plaster,of which quicklime &#38; sand are the chief ingredients &#38; which is largely used in building,but also applied to the skin as a sort of soap-powder in bathing.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>mattikā</i> clay,in distinction of which c.is for delicate use (tender skin),whereas <i>m</i>.for rougher purposes (see Vin.I,202); cuṇṇāni bhesajjāni an application of c.Vin.I,202.-- Vin.I,47=52; II,220,224 sq.; A.I,208; III,25; J.V,89.cuṇṇa-tela-vālaṇḍupaka Vism.142 (where Asl 115 reads cuṇṇaṃ vā telaṃ vā leḍḍūpaka).-- <i>nahāniya°</i> D.I,74=M.III,92; PvA.46; na- hāna° J.II,403,404.-- <i>gandha</i> --cuṇṇa aromatic (bath) powder J.I,87,290; III,276; <i>candana°</i> id.Miln.13,18.-- <i>iṭṭhaka°</i> plaster (which is rubbed on the head of one to be executed) PvA.4,cp.Mṛcchakaṭika X,beginning (stanza 5) “piṣṭa-cūrṇâvakīrṇaśca puruṣo ‘haṃ paśūkṛtaḥ.”<br><br> <i>--cālanī</i> a mortar for the preparation of chunam Vin.I,202; <i>--piṇḍa</i> a lump of ch.Vin.III,260; IV,154 sq.(Page 270),5,1
  3950. 140831,en,15,cunnaka,cuṇṇaka,Cuṇṇaka,Cuṇṇaka,(adj.) [fr.cuṇṇa] (a) a preparation of chunam,paint (for the face,mukha°) D.I,7; M.II,64=Th.1,771; J.V,302.-- (b) powder; cuṇṇakajātāni reduced to powder M.III,92 (aṭṭhikāni).-- f.<i>°ikā</i> in cuṇṇikamaṃsa mince meat J.I,243.(Page 270),7,1
  3951. 140899,en,15,cunneti,cuṇṇeti,Cuṇṇeti,Cuṇṇeti,[denom.of cuṇṇa] to grind to powder,to crush; to powder or paint w.chunam Vin.II,107 (mukhaṃ); J.IV,457.-- ppr.pass <i>cuṇṇiyamāna</i> being ground J.VI,185.(Page 270),7,1
  3952. 140989,en,15,cuta,cuta,Cuta,Cuta,[pp.of cavati; Sk.cyuta] 1.(adj.) shifted,disappeared,deceased,passed from one existence to another Vin.IV,216; Sn.774,899; It.19,99; J.I,139,205; Pug.17.-- <i>--accuta</i> permanent.not under the sway of Death,Ep.of Nibbāna Dh.225.-- 2.(n.) in cpd.<i>cutûpapāta</i> disappearance &#38; reappearance,transmigration,Saṃsāra (see cuti) S.II,67 (āgatigatiyā sati c° hoti); A.III,420; IV,178; DhA.I,259; usually in phrase sattānaṃ cutûpapāta-ñāṇa the discerning of the saṃsāra of beings D.I,82=M.I,248; D.III,111.As cutuppāta at A.II,183.Cp.jātisaṃsāra-ñāṇa.(Page 270),4,1
  3953. 141013,en,15,cuti,cuti,Cuti,Cuti,(f.) [cp.Sk.cyuti,to cavati] vanishing,passing away,decease,shifting out of existence (opp.upapatti,cp.also gati &#38; āgati) D.I,162; S.II,3=42; III,53; M.I,49; Sn.643; Dh.419; J.I,19,434; Vism.292,460,554; DhA.IV,228.(Page 270),4,1
  3954. 142229,en,15,dabba,dabba,Dabba,Dabba,<sup>2</sup> (adj.-n.) [Sk.dravya,of dru wood,see dāru] treelike,wooden; a tree,shrub,wood J.I,108 (d.-tiṇagaccha a jungle of wood &#38; grass); V,46 (d.-gahana a thicket of shrubs &#38; trees); Vism.353 (°tiṇa).(Page 314),5,1
  3955. 142230,en,15,dabba,dabba,Dabba,Dabba,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-n.) [Sk.dravya,nt.to dravati (dru)] (a) fit for,able,worthy,good,S.I,187=Th.1,1218,cp.Pss.of the Brethren,399,n.4 (=Sk.bhavya,cp.Pāṇini V.3,104 dravyaṃ ca bhavyaḥ).-- (b) material,substance,property; something substantial,a worthy object Pgdp 14.<br><br> --jātika of good material,fit for,able M.I,114; A.I,254 (cp.Sk.pātrabhūta); Vism.196.--saṃhāra collecting something substantial PvA.114 (should prob.be read sambhāra).--sambhāra the collection of something substantial or worth collecting,; a gift worth giving J.IV,311; V,48; VI,427; DhA.I,321; II,114.(Page 314),5,1
  3956. 142350,en,15,dabbha,dabbha,Dabbha,Dabbha,[Sk.darbha to dṛbhati,to plait,interlace,etc.cp.Lith.darbas plaiting,crating] a bunch of kuśa grass (Poa Cynosuroides) D.I,141; M.I,344; A.II,207.<br><br> --puppha “kuśa-flower,” Ep.of a jackal J.III,334.(Page 314),6,1
  3957. 142375,en,15,dabbi,dabbī,Dabbī,Dabbī,(f.) [Sk.darvī=*dāru-<em>ī</em> made of wood,see dāru] a (wooden) spoon,a ladle; (met.) the hood of a snake (dabbimattā,phaṇapuṭakā DhA.IV,132).-- Dh.64; Gen. &#38; instr,davyā J.III,218; Miln.365.-- In cpds.dabbi°.<br><br> --kaṇṇa the tip of the ladle DhA.I,371; --gāha holding a spoon,viz.for the purposes of offering M.II,157 (of a priest); Pv.II,9<sup>53</sup> (=kaṭacchu-gāhika PvA.135); --mukha a kind of bird J.VI,540 (=āṭa); --homa a spoonoblation D.I,9.(Page 314),5,1
  3958. 142446,en,15,dabhakkam,dabhakkaṃ,Dabhakkaṃ,Dabhakkaṃ,(?) (indecl.)=daddabhaṃ; a certain noise (of a falling fruit) J.III,77 (v.l.duddabha=daddabha).(Page 314),9,1
  3959. 142463,en,15,dada,dada,Dada,Dada,(-°) (adj.-suff.) [Sk.° dad or °dada,cp °da &#38; dadāti base 3] giving,to be given S.I,33 (paññā°); Kh VIII,10 (kāma°); Pv.II,9<sup>1</sup> (id.=dāyaka PvA.113); II,12<sup>4</sup> (phala° =dāyin PvA.157); VvA.171 (puriṃ°).-- <i>duddada</i> hard to give S.I,19=IV.65=J.II,86=VI,571.(Page 313),4,1
  3960. 142508,en,15,dadati,dadāti,Dadāti,Dadāti,[Redupl.formation <em>dā</em> as in Lat.do,perf.de-di,Gr.di/dwmi; cp.Lat.dōs dowry,Gr.dwζ; Ohg.dati; Lith.důti to give] to give,etc.I.Forms.The foll.bases form the Pāli verb-system:dā,dāy,dadā &#38; di.-1.Bases dā &#38; (reduced) <i>da</i>.-- (a) <i>dā°</i>:fut.<i>dassati</i> J.I,113,279; III,83; A.III,37; 1st sg.dassāmi J.I,223; II,160; PvA.17,35,etc.-- <i>dammi</i> interpreted by Com.as fut.is in reality a contraction fr.dātuṃ īhāmi,used as a hortative or dubitative subjunctive (fr.dāhāmi,like kāhami I am willing to do fr.kātuṃ īhāmi) Sn.p.15 (“shall I give”); II,112; IV,10 (varaṃ te dammi); Pv.I,10<sup>3</sup>; II,3<sup>24</sup> (kin t’āhaṃ dammi what can I give thee=dassāmi PvA.88).-- pret.<i>adā</i> Sn.303; Pv.II,2<sup>8</sup> (=adāsi PvA.81); Mhvs VII.14; 2nd sg.ado J.IV,10 (=adāsi Com.):Miln.384; 1st.pl.adamha J.II,71; Miln.10; 2nd pl.adattha J.I,57 (mā ad.); Miln.10, &#38; dattha J.II,181; -- aor.<i>adāsi</i> J.I,150,279; PvA.73,etc.; pl.adaṃsu Pv.I,11<sup>6</sup>.-- inf.<i>dātuṃ</i> J.III,53; PvA.17,48 (°kāma),etc. &#38; <i>dātave</i> Sn.286.-- grd.<i>dātabba</i> J.III,52; PvA.7,26,88,etc.‹-› (b) <i>da°:</i> pp.<i>datta</i> --ger.<i>datvā</i> J.I,152,290 (a°); PvA.70,72,etc. &#38; <i>datvāna</i> Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup>; also as <i>°dā</i> (for °dāya or °dāna) in prep.cpds.,like an-upādā,ādā,etc.Der.fr.1.are Caus.<i>dāpeti</i>,pp.dāpita; n.ag.<i>dātar</i>; nt.<i>dāna</i>.See also suffix <i>dā</i>,<i>° datti</i>,<i> dattikā</i>,etc.; and pp.<i>atta</i> (=ā-d[a]ta).-- 2.Bases <i>dāy</i> &#38; (reduced) <i>day</i>,contracted into <i>de</i>.(a) <i>dāy°:</i> only in der.<i>dāya</i>,<i> dāyaka</i>,<i> dāyin</i> and in prep.cpds.ā-dāye (ger.of ādāti).‹-› (b) <i>de°:</i> pres.ind.<i>deti</i> Sn.130; J.II,111,154; PvA.8; 1st sg.demi J.I,228,307; 2nd desi J.I,279; PvA.39.1st pl.dema J.I,263; III,126; PvA.27,75 (shall we give); 2nd detha J.III,127; 3rd denti Sn.244.-- imper.<i>dehi</i> Vin.I,17; J.I,223; IV,101; PvA.43,73; 3rd sg.detu J.I,263; II,104; 2nd pl.detha It.66 J.III,126; PvA.29,62,76.-- ppr.<i>dento</i> J.I,265; PvA.3,11 etc.-- grd.<i>deyya</i> Mhvs VII.31.B<sup>t</sup>Sk.deya.-- Other der.fr.base 2 are <i>dayati </i>&<i> dayā</i> (q.v.).-- 3.Base <i>dadā:</i> pres.ind.<i>dadāti</i> S.I,18; Sn.p.87; 1st.sg.dadāmi J.I,207; Sn.421; 3rd.pl.dadanti J.III,220; Dh.249.-- imper.<i>dadāhi</i> Pv.II,1<sup>4</sup>.-- pot.<i>dadeyya</i> PvA.17; Miln.28 &#38; <i>dade</i> Pv.II,3<sup>22</sup>; Vv 62<sup>5</sup>; 1st.sg.dadeyyaṃ J.I,254,265; 2nd.sg.dadeyyāsi J.III,276.Also contracted forms <i>dajjā</i> S.I,18 (may he give); Dh.224; Pv.I,4<sup>1</sup> (=dadeyya PvA.17); II,9<sup>40</sup>; 1st sg.dajjaṃ Vin.I,232 (dajjâhaṃ=dajjaṃ ahaṃ).Cp.I.10<sup>9</sup> (dajjâhaṃ); J.IV,101 (=dammi Com.); Pv.II,9<sup>45</sup>; 2nd.pl.dajjeyyātha Vin.I,232; 3rd y.dajjeyya &#38; 3rd.pl.dajjuṃ in cpd.anupa°.-- ppr.<i>dadanto</i> Sn.p.87.Gen.etc.dadato It.89; Dh.242; Pv.II,9<sup>42</sup>; &#38; <i>dadaṃ</i> Sn.187,487; Pv.II,9<sup>42</sup>; Vv 67<sup>6</sup>.-- ppr.med.<i>dadamāna</i> J.I,228,II.154; PvA.129.-- aor.<i>adadaṃ</i> Vv 34<sup>11</sup> (=adāsiṃ VvA.151); proh.2nd.pl.mā dadiṭṭha DhA.I,396; J.III,171.-- ger.<i>daditvā</i> Pv.II,8<sup>9.II</sup> (v.l.BB datvā):contr.into <i>dajjā</i> (should be read dajja) Pv.II,9<sup>67</sup> (=datvā PvA.139).-- Der.<i>dada</i> for <i>°da</i>.‹-› 4.(Passive) base <i>di (</i>&<i> dī)</i>:pp.<i>dinna</i> pres.<i>dīyati</i> S.I,18; Th.2,475; PvA.26, &#38; <i>diyyati</i> VvA.75; cp.ādiyati; pret.<i>dīyittha</i> DhA.I,395; -- ppr.<i>dīyamāna</i> PvA.8,26,49,110,133,etc.-- Der.fr.4 are Desid.<i>dicchati</i>,<i> diti</i>,etc.-- II.Meanings I.(trs.) with Acc.to give,to present with:dānaṃ deti (w.Dat. &#38; abs.) to be liberal (towards),to be munificent,to make a present S.I,18; It.89; Pv.I,4<sup>1</sup>; II<sup>3</sup>; PvA.8,27,etc.-- (fig.) okāsaṃ to give opportunity,allow J.I,265; ovādaṃ to give advice PvA.11; jīvitaṃ to spare one’s life J.II,154; paṭivacanaṃ to answer J.I,279; sādhukāraṃ to applaud J.I,223; paṭiññaṃ to promise PvA.76; -- to offer,to allow:maggaṃ i.e.to make room Vin.II,221; J.II,4; maggaṃ dehi let me pass J.IV,101; -- to grant:varaṃ a wish J.IV,10; Pv.II,9<sup>40</sup>; -- to give or deal out:daṇḍaṃ a thrashing J.IV,382; pahāraṃ a blow S.IV,62.-- 2.with ger.to give out,to hand over:dārūni āharitvā aggiṃ katvā d.to provide with fire J.II,102; sāṭake āharitvā to present w.clothes J.I,265; dve koṭṭhāse vibhajitvā d.to deal out J.I,226; kuṭikāyo kāretvā adaṃsu had huts built &#38; gave them PvA.42.-- 3.(abs.) with inf.to permit,to allow:khādituṃ J.I,223; nikkhamituṃ J.II,154; pavisituṃ J.I,263,etc.(Page 313),6,1
  3961. 142518,en,15,daddabha,daddabha,Daddabha,Daddabha,[onomatop.] a heavy,indistinct noise,a thud J.III,76 (of the falling of a large fruit),v.l.duddabhayasadda to be regarded as a Sk.gloss=dundubhyaśabda.See also dabhakka.(Page 313),8,1
  3962. 142521,en,15,daddabhayati,daddabhāyati,Daddabhāyati,Daddabhāyati,[denom.fr.prec.] to make a heavy noise,to thud J.III,77.(Page 313),12,1
  3963. 142531,en,15,daddalhati,daddaḷhati,Daddaḷhati,Daddaḷhati,[Sk.jājvalyati,Intens.of <em>jval</em>,see jalati] to blaze,to shine brilliantly; only in pp.med.<i>daddaḷhamāna</i> resplendent,blazing forth S.I,127=J.I,469; Vv 17<sup>3</sup>; 34<sup>1</sup>; Pv.II,12<sup>6</sup>; III,3<sup>5</sup>; VvA.89 (ativiya vijjotamāna); PvA.157 (at.virocamāna),189 (at.abhijalanto).-- Spelling <i>daddallamāna</i> at J.V,402; VI,118.(Page 313),10,1
  3964. 142544,en,15,daddara,daddara,Daddara,Daddara,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.dardara] a cert.(grinding,crashing) noise A.IV,171; J.II,8; III,461; N.of a mountain,expl<sup>d</sup> as named after this noise J.II,8; III,16,461.(Page 313),7,1
  3965. 142545,en,15,daddara,daddara,Daddara,Daddara,<sup>1</sup> [onomat.from the noise,cp.next &#38; cakora,with note on gala] partridge J.III,541.(Page 313),7,1
  3966. 142586,en,15,daddha,daḍḍha,Daḍḍha,Daḍḍha,[Sk.dagdha,pp.of dahati,see ḍahati] burnt,always with <i>aggi°</i> consumed by fire Sn.62; Pv.I,7<sup>4</sup>; Miln.47; PvA.56 (indaggi°).<br><br> <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> a place burnt by fire J.I,212; also a place of cremation (sarīrassa d.) PvA.163 (=āḷāhana).(Page 312),6,1
  3967. 142635,en,15,daddhi°,daḍḍhi°,Daḍḍhi°,Daḍḍhi°,[not with Trenckner,Notes p.65=Sk.dārḍhya,but with Kern,Toev.113=Sk.dṛḍhī (from dṛḍha,see daḷha),as in comp<sup>n</sup> dṛḍhī karoti &#38; bhavati to make or become strong] making firm,strengthening,in <i>kayādaḍḍhi-bahula</i> strengthened by gymnastics,an athlete J.III,310 (v.l.daḷhi°),IV.219 (v.l.distorted kādaḷiphahuna).(Page 312),7,1
  3968. 142646,en,15,daddu,daddu,Daddu,Daddu,(nt.) [Sk.dadru f. &#38; dardru a kind of leprosy,dadruna leprous (but given by Halāyudha in the meaning of ringworm,p.234 Aufrecht); fr.<i>*der</i> in Sk.dṛṇāti to tear,chap,split (see dara &#38; dala); cp.Lat.derbiosus; Ohg.zittaroh; Ags.teter] a kind of cutaneous eruption Miln.298; Vism.345.<br><br> <i>--bandhana</i> in d.-bandhanādi-bandhana at ThA.241 should be read daṇḍa°.(Page 313),5,1
  3969. 142662,en,15,daddula,daddula,Daddula,Daddula,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Sk.dārdura?] in nahāru° (v.l.dala &#38; dadalla) both at M.I,188 (kukkuṭapattena pi.n-daddulena pi aggiṃ gavesanti) &#38; A.IV,47 (kukkuṭapattaṃ vā n-daddulaṃ vā aggimhi pakkhittaṃ paṭilīyati) unexplained; perhaps a muscle.(Page 313),7,1
  3970. 142663,en,15,daddula,daddula,Daddula,Daddula,<sup>1</sup> a cert.kind of rice D.I,166; M.I,78,343; A.I,241,295; II,206; Pug.55.(Page 313),7,1
  3971. 142724,en,15,dadhi,dadhi,Dadhi,Dadhi,(nt.) [Sk.dadhi,redpl.formation fr.dhayati to suck.Cp.also dhenu cow,dhīta,etc.] sour milk,curds,junket Vin.I,244 (in enum<sup>n</sup> of 5--fold cow-produce,cp.gorasa); D.I,201 (id.); M.I,316; A.II,95; J.II,102; IV,140; Miln.41,48,63; Dhs.646,740,875; Vism.264,362.<br><br> <i>--ghaṭa</i> a milk bowl J.II,102; <i>--maṇḍaka</i> whey S.II,111; <i>--māla</i> “the milk sea,” N.of an ocean J.IV,140; <i>--vāraka</i> a pot of milk-curds J.III,52.(Page 313),5,1
  3972. 142832,en,15,daha,ḍāha,Ḍāha,Ḍāha,[Sk.dāha,see ḍahati] burning,glow,heat D.I,10 (disā° sky-glow=zodiacal light?); M.I,244; PvA.62; Miln.325.Sometimes spelt dāha,e.g.A.I,178 (aggi°); Sdhp.201 (id.); -- <i>dava°</i> a jungle fire Vin.II,138; J.I,461.(Page 291),4,1
  3973. 142842,en,15,daha,daha,Daha,Daha,[Sk.draha,through metathesis fr.hrada,<i>hlād</i>,see hilādate] a lake D.I,45 (udaka°); J.I,50; II,104; V,412; Miln.259; PvA.152; Dpvs.I,44.(Page 317),4,1
  3974. 142850,en,15,daha,dāha,Dāha,Dāha,see ḍāha.(Page 320),4,1
  3975. 142894,en,15,dahana,dahana,Dahana,Dahana,[Sk.dahana,to dahati,orig.“the burner”] fire Vism.338 (°kicca); ThA.256; Dāvs.V,6; Sdhp.20.(Page 318),6,1
  3976. 142943,en,15,dahara,dahara,Dahara,Dahara,(adj.) [Sk.dahara &#38; dahra for dabhra to dabhnoti to be or make short or deficient,to deceive] small,little,delicate,young; a young boy,youth,lad D.I,80,115; S.I,131; II,279 (daharo ce pi paññavā); M.I,82; II,19,66; A.V,300; Sn.216,420 (yuvā+),578 (d.ca mahantā ye bālā ye ca paṇḍitā sabbe maccuvasaṃ yanti); J.I,88 (daharadahare dārake ca dārikāyo),291 (°itthī a young wife); II,160,353; III,393; Dh.382; Pv IV.1<sup>50</sup> (yuvā); DhA.I,397 (sāmaṇera); DA.I,197 (bhikkhū),223 (=taruṇa),284 (id.); PvA.148; VvA.76; ThA.239,251.Opposed to <i>mahallaka</i> J.IV,482; to <i>vuḍḍha</i> Vism.100.‹-› f.<i>daharā</i> Vv 31<sup>5</sup> (young wife) (+yuvā VvA.129) &#38; <i>daharī</i> J.IV,35; V,521; Miln.48 (dārikā).(Page 318),6,1
  3977. 142970,en,15,daharaka,daharaka,Daharaka,Daharaka,=dahara,young Miln.310.-- f.<i>°ikā</i> a young girl Th.2,464,483.(Page 318),8,1
  3978. 143035,en,15,dahati,ḍahati,Ḍahati,Ḍahati,( &#38; dahati) [Sk.dahati,pp.dagdha,cp.dāha,nidāgha (summer heat); Gr.tέfra ashes,Lat.favilla (glowing) cinders,Goth.dags,Ger.tag.E.day=hot time] to burn (trs.) consume,torment M.I,365; II,73; A.V,110; J.II,44 (aor.3 sg.med.adaḍḍha=Sk.adagdha); Dh.31,71,140; Miln.45,112 (cauterize).pp.<i>daḍḍha</i> -- Pass.<i>ḍayhati</i> S.I,188 (kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi cittam me pariḍayhati); ib.(mahārāga:mā ḍayhittho punappunaṃ) M.II,73; S.III,150 (mahāpaṭhavī ḍayhati vinassati na bhavati) esp.in ppr.ḍayhamāna consumed with or by,burning,glowing Dh.371; It.23 (°ena kāyena &#38; cetasā Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup>,12<sup>2</sup>; II,2<sup>3</sup>) (of a corpse being cremated); PvA.63,152 (vippaṭisārena:consumed by remorse).See also similes J.P.T.S.1907,90.Cp.uḍ°.(Page 291),6,1
  3979. 143047,en,15,dahati,dahati,Dahati,Dahati,<sup>2</sup> =ḍahati to burn; as dahate Pv.II,9<sup>8</sup> (=dahati vināseti PvA.116).(Page 317),6,1
  3980. 143048,en,15,dahati,dahati,Dahati,Dahati,<sup>1</sup> (dahate) [Sk.dadhāti to put down,set up; <i>*dhe</i>=Gr.ti/qhmi,Lat.facio,Ohg.tuon,Ags.dōn= E.to do.See also dhātu] to put,place; take for (Acc.or Abl.),assume,claim,consider D.I,92 (okkākaṃ pitāmahaṃ=ṭhapeti DA.I,258); S.III,113 (mittato daheyya); A.IV,239 (cittaṃ d.fix the mind on); Sn.825 (bālaṃ dahanti mithu aññamaññaṃ=passanti dakkhanti,etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 163).Pass <i>dhīyati</i> (q.v.); grd.<i>dheyya</i> (q.v.).‹-› Note.dahati is more frequent in comb<sup>n</sup> with prefixes &#38; compositions like ā°,upa°,pari°,sad°,san°,samā°,etc.pp.<i>hita</i>.(Page 317),6,1
  3981. 143165,en,15,daka,ḍāka,Ḍāka,Ḍāka,(m.nt.) [Sk.sāka (nt.) on ś›ḍ cp.Sk.sākinī› dākinī] green food,eatable herbs,vegetable Vin.I,246 (°rasa),248; Th.2,1; Vv 20<sup>6</sup> (v.l.sāka); VvA.99 (=taṇḍuleyyakādi-sākavyañjana).(Page 291),4,1
  3982. 143175,en,15,daka,daka,Daka,Daka,(nt.) [=udaka,aphæretic from comb<sup>ns</sup> like sītodaka which was taken for sīto+daka instead of sīt’odaka] Vin.III,112; S.III,85; A.II,33=Nd<sup>2</sup> 420 B<sup>3</sup> (:the latter has udaka,but Nd<sup>1</sup> 14 daka).<br><br> <i>--āsaya</i> (adj.) (beings) living in water A.II,33≈; <i>--ja</i> (adj.) sprung from water,aquatic J.I,18 (thalajā d pupphā); <i>--rakkhasa</i> a water-sprite J.I,127,170; VI,469.(Page 311),4,1
  3983. 143285,en,15,dakkha,dakkha,Dakkha,Dakkha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [dakkha<sup>1</sup>+ya,see dakkheyya] dexterity,ability,skill J.III,466.(Page 311),6,1
  3984. 143286,en,15,dakkha,dakkha,Dakkha,Dakkha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Vedic dakṣa=Gr.a)ri-dei/ketos &#38; deciόs; dakṣati to be able; to please,satisfy,cp.daśasyati to honour,denom.fr.*dasa=Lat.decus honour,skill.All to <i>*dek</i> in Lat.decet to be fit,proper,etc.On var.theories of connections of root see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under decet.It may be that <i>*deks</i> is an intens.formation fr.<i>*</i><em>diś</em> to point (see disati),then the original meaning would be “pointing,” i.e.the hand used for pointing.For further etym.see dakkhiṇa] dexterous,skilled,handy,able,clever D.I,45,74,78; III,190 (+analasa) M.I,119; III,2; S.I,65; Nd<sup>2</sup> 141 (+analasa &#38; sampajāna); J.III,247; DA.I,217 (=cheka); Miln.344 (rūpadakkhā those who are of “fit” appearance).(Page 311),6,1
  3985. 143349,en,15,dakkhati,dakkhati,Dakkhati,Dakkhati, &#38; Dakkhiti see dassati.(Page 311),8,1
  3986. 143365,en,15,dakkheyya,dakkheyya,Dakkheyya,Dakkheyya,(nt.) [cp.dakkha<sup>2</sup>] cleverness,skill J.II,237 (Com.kusalassa-ñāṇa-sampayuttaṃ viriyaṃ); III,468.(Page 312),9,1
  3987. 143382,en,15,dakkhin,dakkhin,Dakkhin,Dakkhin,(adj.) [fr.dakkhati,see dassati] seeing,perceiving; f.°ī in atīra-dakkhiṇī nāvā a ship out of sight of land D.I,222.(Page 312),7,1
  3988. 143392,en,15,dakkhina,dakkhiṇa,Dakkhiṇa,Dakkhiṇa,(adj.) [Vedic dakṣiṇa,Av.dašinō; adj.formation fr.adv.*deksi=*deksinos,cp.purāṇa fr.purā,viṣuṇa fr.viṣu,Lat.bīni (=bisni) fr.bis.From same root <i>*</i><em>deks</em> are Lat.dexter (with compar.-antithetic suffix ter=Sk.tara,as in uttara) &#38; Gr.deciterόs; cp.also Goth.taihswa (right hand),Ohg.zeso &#38; zesawa.See dakkha for further connections] 1.right (opp.vāma left),with a tinge of the auspicious,lucky &#38; prominent:Vin.II,195 (hattha); PvA.112,132 (id.); Ps.I,125.hattha,pāda,etc.with ref.to a Tathāgata’s body); J.I,50 (°passa the right side); PvA.178 (id.),112 (°bāhu); Sn.p.106 (bāha); PvA.179 (°jānumaṇḍalena with the right knee:in veneration).-- 2.skilled,welltrained (=dakkha) J.VI,512 (Com.susikkhita).-- 3.(of that point of the compass which is characterized through “orientation” by facing the rising sun, &#38; then lies on one’s right:) southern,usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with disā (direction):D.III,180 (one of the 6 points,see disā),188 sq.(id.); M.I,487; II,72; S.I,145,etc.<br><br> <i>--āvattaka</i> (adj.) winding to the right D.II,18 (of the hairs of a Mahāpurisa,the 14<sup>th</sup> of his characteristics or auspicious signs; cp.BSk.dakṣiṇāvarta a precious shell,i.e.a shell the spiral of which turns to the right AvŚ I.205; Divy 51,67,116); J.V,380; <i>--janapada</i> the southern country the “Dekkan” (=dakkhiṇaṃ) D.I,96,153 (expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh as “Gaṅgāya dakkhiṇato pākaṭa-janapado” DA.I,265); <i>--samudda</i> the southern sea J.I,202.(Page 311),8,1
  3989. 143403,en,15,dakkhina,dakkhiṇā,Dakkhiṇā,Dakkhiṇā,(f.) [Vedic dakṣiṇā to <em>dakṣ</em> as in daśasyati to honour,to consecrate,but taken as f.of dakkhiṇa &#38; by grammarians expl.as gift by the “giving” (i.e.the right) hand with popular analogy to <em>dā</em> to give (dadāti)] a gift,a fee,a donation; a donation given to a “holy” person with ref.to unhappy beings in the Peta existence (“Manes”),intended to induce the alleviation of their sufferings; an intercessional,expiatory offering,“don attributif” (Feer) (see Stede,Peta Vatthu,etc.p.51 sq.; Feer Index to AvŚ p.480) D.I,51=III,66 (d.-uddhaggikā),cp.A.II,68 (uddhaggā d.); A.III,43,46,178,259; IV,64 sq.,394; M.III,254 sq.(cuddasa pāṭipuggalikā d.given to 14 kinds of worthy recipients) Sn.482,485; It.19; J.I,228; Pv.I,4<sup>4</sup> (=dāna PvA.18),I.5<sup>9</sup> (petānaṃ d °ṃ dajjā),IV.1<sup>51</sup>; Miln.257; Vism.220; PvA.29,50,70,110 (pūjito dakkhiṇāya).guru-d.teacher’s fee VvA.229,230; dakkhiṇaṃ ādisati (otherwise uddisati) to designate a gift to a particular person (with Dat.) Vin.I,229=D.II,88.<br><br> <i>--âraha</i> a worthy recipient of a dedicatory gift Pv.II,8<sup>6</sup>; <i>--odaka</i> water to wash in (orig.water of dedication,consecrated water) J.I,118; IV,370; DhA.I,112; PvA.23; <i>--visuddhi</i>.purity of a gift M.III,256 sq.=A.II,80 sq.=D.III,231,cp.Kvu 556 sq.(Page 311),8,1
  3990. 143786,en,15,dakkhineyya,dakkhiṇeyya,Dakkhiṇeyya,Dakkhiṇeyya,(adj.-n.) [grd.-formation fr.dakkhiṇā as from a verb *dakṣiṇāti=pūjeti] one worthy of a dakkiṇā.The term is expl.at KhA 183, &#38; also (with ref.to brahmanic usage) at Nd<sup>2</sup> 291; -- S.I,142,168,220; M.I,37,236 sq.; 446; A.I,63,150; II,44; III,134,162,248; IV,13 sq.; D.III,5; It.19 (annañ ca datvā bahuno dakkhiṇeyyesu dakkhiṇaṃ ...saggaṃ gacchanti dāyakā); Sn.227,448 sq.,504,529; Nd<sup>2</sup> 291 (as one of the 3 constituents of a successful sacrifice,viz.yañña the gift,phala the fruit of the gift,d.the recipient of the gift).Cp.I.10<sup>5</sup> (where also adj.to be given,of dāna).Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup>; VvA.120,155 (Ep.of the Saṅgha= ujubhūta); PvA.25,125,128,262.<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> the (holy) fire of a good receiver of gifts; a metaphor taken from the brahmanic rite of sacrifice,as one of the 7 fires (=duties) to be kept up (or discarded) by a follower of the Buddha A.IV,41,45; D.III,217; <i>--khetta</i> the fruitful soil of a worthy recipient of a gift PvA.92; <i>--puggala</i> an individual deserving a donation J.I,228; there are 7 kinds enum<sup>d</sup> at D.III,253; 8 kinds at D.III,255; <i>--sampatti</i> the blessing of finding a worthy object for a dakkhiṇā PvA.27,137 sq.(Page 311),11,1
  3991. 143837,en,15,dakkhineyyata,dakkhiṇeyyatā,Dakkhiṇeyyatā,Dakkhiṇeyyatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.prec.] the fact of being a dakkhiṇeyya Miln.240 (a°).(Page 311),13,1
  3992. 143918,en,15,dakkhita,dakkhita,Dakkhita,Dakkhita,[Vedic dīkṣita pp.of <em>dīkṣ</em>,Intens to daśayati:see dakkha<sup>1</sup>] consecrated,dedicated J.V,138.Cp.dikkhita.(Page 312),8,1
  3993. 143957,en,15,dala,dala,Dala,Dala,(nt.) [Sk.dala,<i>*</i><em>del</em> (var.of <i>*</i><em>der</em>,see dara) in dalati (q.v.) orig.a piece chipped off=a chip,piece of wood,cp.daṇḍa,Mhg.zelge (branch); Oir delb (figure,form),deil (staff,rod)] a blade,leaf,petal (usually --°); akkhi-d.eyelid ThA.259; DA.I,194; DhsA.378; uppala° DhsA.311; kamala° (lotus-petal) VvA.35,38; muttā° (?) DA.I,252; ratta-pavāḷa° J.I,75.(Page 315),4,1
  3994. 143969,en,15,dalana,dālana,Dālana,Dālana,[fr.dalati] see vi°.(Page 320),6,1
  3995. 143976,en,15,dalati,dalati,Dalati,Dalati,[Sk.dalati,<em>del</em> to split off,tear; Gr.daidaλlw,Lat.dolare &#38; delere.See dala &#38; dara] to burst,split,break.-- Caus.<i>dāleti</i> Sn.29 (dalayitvā=chinditvā SnA 40); Miln.398.-- Pass.<i>dīyati</i> (Sk.dīryate) see uddīyati.(Page 315),6,1
  3996. 144003,en,15,daleti,dāleti,Dāleti,Dāleti,see dalati.(Page 320),6,1
  3997. 144017,en,15,dalha,daḷha,Daḷha,Daḷha,(adj.) [Sk.dṛḍha to dṛhyati to fasten,hold fast; <i>*dhergh</i>,cp.Lat.fortis (strong).Gr.tarfuζ (thick),Lith.diQas (strap).For further relations see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under fortis] firm,strong,solid; steady,fast; nt.adv.very much,hard,strongly -- D.I,245; S.I,77; A.II,33; Sn.321 (nāvā),357,701,821 (°ṃ karoti to strengthen),966 (id.); Dh.112; J.II,3; IV,106; DhA.IV,48; KhA 184; VvA.212 (=thira); PvA.94,277.-- <i>daḷhaṃ</i> (adv.) Dh.61,313.<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> strong in anything,skilled in some art,proficient S.II,266=A.II,48 (of an archer); M.I,82; J.VI,77; Vv 63<sup>1</sup> Acc.to Trenckner,Notes p.60 (cp.also VvA.261)=dṛḍha-dhanva,from dhanu=having a strong bow; <i>--nikkama</i> of strong exertion Sn.68 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 294); <i>--parakkama</i> of strong effort,energetic M.II,95; A.II,250; Dh.23; Th.2,160; <i>--pahāra</i> a violent blow J.III,83; <i>--pākāra</i> (etc.) strongly fortified S.IV,194; <i>--bhattin</i> firmly devoted to somebody DhsA.350.(Page 315),5,1
  3998. 144242,en,15,dalhi°,daḷhī°,Daḷhī°,Daḷhī°,[f.of dṛḍha›daḷha in comp<sup>n</sup> like dṛḍhī-bhūta,etc.; cp.daḍḍhi] in kāya-daḷhī-bahula strong in body,athletic Vin.II,76,cp.Com.on p.313; J.III,310; IV,219.daḷhīkaraṇa steadiness,perseverance SnA 290 (+ādhāraṇatā),398 (id).In cpds.also daḷhi° viz.<i>--kamma</i> making firm; strengthening Vin.I,290; J.V,254; Pug.18,22; Vism.112.(Page 315),6,1
  3999. 144303,en,15,dalidda,dalidda,Dalidda,Dalidda, &#38; Daḷidda (adj.-n.) [Sk.daridra,to daridrāti,Intens.to drāti run (see dava),in meaning cp.addhika wayfarer=poor] vagrant,strolling,poor,needy,wretched; a vagabond,beggar -- (l:) Vin.II,159; S.I,96 (opp.aḍḍha); A.II,57,203; III,351; IV,219; V,43; Pug.51; VvA.299 (ḷ:) M.II,73; S.V,100,384,404; Vv20<sup>1</sup> (=duggata VvA.101); DA.I,298; PvA.227; Sdhp.89,528.(Page 315),7,1
  4000. 144358,en,15,daliddata,daḷiddatā,Daḷiddatā,Daḷiddatā,(f.) [Sk.daridratā] poverty VvA.63.(Page 315),9,1
  4001. 144367,en,15,daliddiya,daḷiddiya,Daḷiddiya,Daḷiddiya,see dāḷiddiya.(Page 315),9,1
  4002. 144377,en,15,daliddiya,dāḷiddiya,Dāḷiddiya,Dāḷiddiya,( &#38; daḷiddiya) (nt.) [Sk.*dāridrya] poverty D.III,65,66; A.III,351 sq.; J.I,228; Dāvs II.60; Sdhp.78.(Page 320),9,1
  4003. 144393,en,15,dalika,dālikā,Dālikā,Dālikā, &#38; Dālima [Sk.dālika the colocynth &#38; dāḍima the pomegranate tree] in <i>°laṭṭhi</i> a kind of creeper; equivalent to takkāri (?) Th.2,297 (dālikā)=ThA.226 (dālikā &#38; dālima).(Page 320),6,1
  4004. 144429,en,15,dama,dama,Dama,Dama,(adj.-n.) ( &#38; of a nt.damo the Instr.damasā) [Ved.dama; Ags.tam=E.tame,Ohg.zam to *demā in dameti] taming,subduing; self-control,self-command,moderation D.I,53 (dānena damena saṃyamena=It.15; expl.at DA.I,160 as indriya-damena uposatha-kammena) III,147,229; S.I,4,29,168=Sn.463 (saccena danto damasā upeto); S.IV,349; A.I,151; II,152 sq.; M.III,269 (+upasama); Sn.189,542 (°ppatta),655; Dh.9,25,261; Nett 77; Miln.24 (sudanto uttame dame).duddama hard to tame or control Dh.159; PvA.280; Sdhp.367.-- arindama taming the enemy (q.v.).(Page 314),4,1
  4005. 144439,en,15,dama,dāma,Dāma,Dāma,(nt.) [Sk.dāman to dyati to bind (Gr.di/dhmi),<i>*dē</i>,as in Gr.dέsma (rope),diάdhma (diadem),u(pόdhma (sandal)] a bond,fetter,rope; chain,wreath,garland S.IV,163 (read dāmena for damena),282,(id.); A.III,393 (dāmena baddho); Sn.28 (=vacchakānaṃ bandhanatthāya katā ganthitā nandhipasayuttā rajjubandhanavisesā); Vism.108.Usually --°,viz.anoja-puppha° J.I,9; VI,227; olambaka° VvA.32; kusuma° J.III,394; gandha° J.I,178; VvA.173,198; puppha° J.I,397; VvA.198; mālā° J.II,104; rajata° J.I,50; III,184; IV,91; rattapuppha° J.III,30; sumana° J.IV,455.(Page 319),4,1
  4006. 144453,en,15,damaka,damaka,Damaka,Damaka,(adj.-n.) [=dama] 1.subduing,taming; converting; one who practises self-control M.I,446 (assa°); III,2 (id.) J.I,349 (kula° bhikkhu),one who teaches a clan self-mastery 505 (go°,assa°,hatthi°); Th.2,422 (=kāruññāya paresaṃ cittassa damaka ThA.268).-- 2.one who practises self-mortification by living on the remnants of offered food (Childers) Abhp 467.(Page 314),6,1
  4007. 144468,en,15,damana,damana,Damana,Damana,(adj.-nt.) taming,subduing,mastery PvA.251 (arīnaṃ d°-sīla=arindama).(Page 314),6,1
  4008. 144513,en,15,damatha,damatha,Damatha,Damatha,[Sk.damatha] taming,subduing,mastery,restraint,control M.I,235; D.III,54 (+samatha); Dh.35 (cittassa d.); PvA.265; Dpvs VI,36.(Page 314),7,1
  4009. 144521,en,15,damaya,damaya,Damaya,Damaya,(adj.) [Sk.damya,see damma] to be tamed:duddamaya difficult to tame Th.1,5 (better to be read damiya).(Page 314),6,1
  4010. 144590,en,15,dametar,dametar,Dametar,Dametar,[n.-ag.to dameti=Sk.damayitṛ,cp.Sk.damitṛ= Gr.(pan)damάtwr dmhtήr; Lat.domitor] one who tames or subdues,a trainer,in phrase adantānaṃ dametā “the tamer of the untamed” (of a Buddha) M.II,102; Th.2,135.(Page 314),7,1
  4011. 144603,en,15,dameti,dameti,Dameti,Dameti,[Sk.damayati,caus.to dāmyati of <i>*</i><em>dam</em> to bring into the house,to domesticate; Gr.damάw,dmhtόs; Lat.domare; Oir.dam (ox); Goth.tamjan=Ohg.zemman=Ags.temian=E.tame; to <i>*demā</i> of dama house,see dampati] to make tame,chastise,punish,master,conquer,convert Vin.II,196 (daṇḍena); M.II,102; Dh.80,305 (attānaṃ); It.123 (ppr.[danto] damayataṃ seṭṭho [santo] samayataṃ isi); Miln.14,386; PvA.54 (core d.=converted).(Page 315),6,1
  4012. 144664,en,15,damita,damita,Damita,Damita,[Sk.damāyita=danta<sup>3</sup>; cp.Gr.a-dάmatos; Lat.domitus] subdued,tamed J.V,36; PvA.265.(Page 314),6,1
  4013. 144697,en,15,damma,damma,Damma,Damma,(adj.) [Sk.damya,grd.of dāmyati see dameti &#38; cp.damaya (damiya)] to be tamed or restrained; esp.with ref.to a young bullock M.I,225 (balagāvā dammagāvā the bulls &#38; the young steers); It.80; also of other animals:assadamma-sārathi a horse-trainer A.II,112; &#38; fig.of unconverted men likened to refractory bullocks in phrase purisa-damma-sārathi (Ep.of the Buddha) “the trainer of the human steer” D.I,62 (misprint °dhamma°)=II.93=III,5; M.II,38; A.II,112; Vv 17<sup>13</sup> (nara-vara-d.-sārathi cp.VvA.86.(Page 315),5,1
  4014. 144737,en,15,dampati,dampati,Dampati,Dampati,[Sk.dampati master of the house; dual:husband &#38; wife; cp.also patir dan,<i>*dam</i>,as in Gr.dώ,dώma &#38; des- in despόths=dampati,short base of <i>*dama</i> house =Ved.dama,Gr.dQmos,Lat.domus to <i>*demā</i> (as also in dameti to domesticate) to build,cp.Gr.dέmw &#38; dέmas; Goth.timrjan; Ohg.zimbar; E.timber] master of the house,householder,see tudampati &#38; cp.gahapati.(Page 315),7,1
  4015. 144752,en,15,damsa,ḍaṃsa,Ḍaṃsa,Ḍaṃsa,[see ḍasati] a yellow fly,gadfly (orig.“the bite”) Nd<sup>2</sup> 268 (=pingala-makkhika,same at J.III,263 &#38; SnA 101); usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with other biting or stinging sensations,as °siriṃsapa Sn.52, &#38; freq.in cpd.<i>ḍaṃsa-makasa-vāt’ātapa-siriṃsapa-samphassa</i> M.I,10= A.II,117,143=III,163; A.III,388; V,15; Vin.I,3; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.(enum<sup>d</sup> under var.kinds of dukkhā); Vism.31 (here expl<sup>d</sup> as ḍaṃsana-makkhikā or andha-makkhikā).(Page 291),5,1
  4016. 144765,en,15,damsaka,daṃsaka,Daṃsaka,Daṃsaka:see vi°.(Page 311),7,1
  4017. 144832,en,15,damseti,daṃseti,Daṃseti,Daṃseti,(for dasseti):see upa°; pavi°,vi°.(Page 311),7,1
  4018. 144884,en,15,dana,dāna,Dāna,Dāna,(nt.) [Ved.dāna,<em>dā</em> as in dadāti to give &#38; in dāti,dyāti to deal out,thus:distribution (scil.of gifts); cp.Gr.dάnos (present),Lat.damnum (E.damages); Gr.dώron,Lat.donum; also Ags.tīd (=E.tide,portion,i.e.of time), &#38; tīma (=E.time).See further dadāti,dayati,dātta,dāpeti.Def<sup>n</sup> at Vism.60:dānaṃ vuccati avakhaṇḍanaṃ] (a) giving,dealing out,gift; almsgiving,liberality,munificence; esp.a charitable gift to a bhikkhu or to the community of bhikkhus,the Saṅgha (cp.deyyadhamma &#38; yañña).As such it constitutes a meritorious act (puññaṃ) and heads the list of these,as enumerated in order,dānamaya puññaṃ,sīlamaya p.,bhāvanāmaya p.viz.acts of merit consisting of munificence,good character &#38; meditation (D.III,218 e.g.; cp.cāga,puñña,sīla).Thus in formula dānâdīni puññāni katvā J.I,168; PvA.66,105; cp.cpds.under °maya.-- (b) Special merit &#38; importance is attached to the <i>mahādāna</i> the great gift,i.e.the great offering (of gifts to the Saṅgha),in character the buddhistic equivalent of the brahmanic mahāyajña the chief sacrifice.On 16 Mahādānas see Wilson Hindu Caste 413; on 4 Beal.Chinese Texts 88.-- A.IV,246; J.I,50,74; V,383 (devasikaṃ chasatasahassa-pariccāgaṃ karonto mahādānaṃ pavattesi “he gave the great largesse,spending daily 600,000 pieces”); PvA.19,22,75,127,etc.-- (c) Constituents,qualities &#38; characteristics of a dāna:8 objects suitable for gifts form a standard set (also enum<sup>d</sup> as 10),viz.anna pāna vattha yāna mālā gandha-vilepana seyyāvasatha padīpeyya (bread,water,clothes,vehicle,garlands,scented ointment,conveniences for lying down &#38; dwelling,lighting facility) A.IV,239; cp.Pv.II,4<sup>9</sup> &#38; see °vatthu &#38; deyyadhamma.Eight ways of giving alms at D.III,258= A.IV,236,five ways,called sappurisa-dāna ( &#38; asapp°) at A.III,171 sq.; eight sapp° at A.IV,243.Five manners of almsgiving metaphorically for sīlas 1--5 at A.IV,246= DA.I,306.Five characteristics of a beneficial gift at A.III,172,viz.saddhāya dānaṃ deti,sakkaccaṃ d.d.,kālena (cp.kāladāna A.III,41),anuggahitacitto,attānañ ca parañ ca anupahacca d.d.-- (d) Various passages showing practice &#38; value of dāna:Vin.I,236; D.I,53 (+dama &#38; saṃyama; cp.It.15; PvA.276); II,356 sq.(sakkaccaṃ &#38; a°); A.IV,392 sq.(id.); D.III,147 sq.,190 sq.,232; S.I,98 (dānaṃ dātabbaṃ yattha cittaṃ pasīdati); A.I,91=It.98 (āmisa° and dhamma°,material &#38; spiritual gifts); A.I,161; III,41 (dāne ānisaṃsā); IV,60; 237 sq.(mahapphala),392 sq.(°ssa vipāka); V,269 (petānaṃ upakappati); J.I,8 (aggaḷa°); II,112 (dinna°),III,52 (id.); Sn.263,713 (appaṃ dānaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ) PvA.54 (āgantuka° gift for the newcomer); Sdhp.211--213.-- <i>adāna</i> withholding a gift,neglect of liberality,stinginess Pv.II,9<sup>45</sup>; Miln.279; PvA.25; cp.°sīla under cpds.:<i>atidāna</i> excessive almsgiving Pv.II,9<sup>45</sup> (cp.PvA.129); Miln.277.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> [Sk.dānāgara,cp.bhattagga,salākagga; see Trenckner,Notes p.56] a house where alms or donations are given,a store-house of gifts,fig.a source or giver of gifts,a horn of plenty J.VI,487; DhA.I,152,189; Miln.2; PvA.121,124,127,141.A possible connection w.agga=āgra is suggested by comb<sup>n</sup> dānāni mahādānāni aggaññāni A.IV,246; <i>--âdhikāra</i> supervision or charge of alms-distributing.PvA.124 (cp.Pv.II,9<sup>27</sup>); <i>--ānisaṃsa</i> praise of generosity PvA.9; cp.A.III,41; <i>--upakaraṇa</i> means or materials for a gift PvA.105; <i>--upapatti</i> (read <i>uppatti</i> at D.III,258) an object suitable for gifts,of which 8 or 10 are mentioned (see above) A.IV,239=D.III,258; <i>--kathā</i> talk or conversation about (the merit &#38; demerit of) almsgiving,one of the anupubbi-kathā Vin.I,15,18; <i>--dhamma</i> the duty or meritorious act of bestowing gifts of mercy (cp.deyyadhamma) PvA.9; <i>--pati</i> “lord of alms,” master in liberality,a liberal donor (def.by Bdhgh as:yaṃ dānaṃ deti tassa pati hutvā deti na dāso na sahāyo DA.I,298) D.I,137 (+saddho &#38; dāyako,as one of the qualifications of a good king); A.III,39; IV,79 sq.(+saddho); Sn.487; Pv.I,11<sup>4</sup> (+amaccharin); J.I,199; Miln.279 sq.; Sdhp.275,303; <i>--puñña</i> the religious merit of almsgiving or liberality (see above a) PvA.73; <i>--phala</i> the fruit of munificence (as accruing to the donor) A.III,39; IV,79; Pv.II,8<sup>3</sup> (°ṃ hoti paramhi loke:is rewarded in the life to come,cp.It.19); PvA.8 (cp.Pv.I,1); <i>--maya</i> consisting in giving alms or being liberal (see above a) D.III,218 (puññakiriya-vatthu); Vbh.135 (kusala-cetanā),325 (pañña); PvA.8 (puñña),60 (id.),9 (kusala-kamma),51,etc.; <i>--vaṭṭa</i> alms J.VI,333; <i>--vatthu</i> that which constitutes a meritorious gift; almsgiving,beneficence,offering,donation D.III,258= A.IV,236; PvA.20 (=annapānādika dasavidha dātabbavatthu PvA.7); <i>--veyyāvaṭika</i> services rendered at the distribution of gifts DhA.III,19; <i>--saṃvibhāga</i> liberal spending of alms D.III,145,169; A.I,150,226; III,53,313; V,331; It.19; Vism.306; freq.with °rata fond of giving alms S.V,351,392; A.IV,6 (vigatamalamaccherena cetasā),266 (id.); <i>--salā</i> a hall,built for the distribution of alms &#38; donations to the bhikkhus &#38; wanderers J.I,231,262; IV,402 (six); V,383 (id.); <i>--sīla</i> liberal disposition PvA.89; usually as <i>adāna-sīla</i> (adj.) of miserly character,neglecting the duty of giving alms Sn.244; Pv.II,8<sup>3</sup> (°ā na saddahaṇti dānaphalaṃ hoti paramhi loke); PvA.45 (=adāyaka),59 (+maccharin),68 (id.).(Page 318),4,1
  4019. 145293,en,15,danava,dānava,Dānava,Dānava,[Sk.dānava] a kind of Asuras or Titans,the offspring of Danu J.III,527; V,89; Miln.153; Dpvs XVII.98.(Page 318),6,1
  4020. 145385,en,15,danda,daṇḍa,Daṇḍa,Daṇḍa,[Vedic daṇḍa,dial.=*dal[d]ra; (on ṇ:l cp.guṇa:guḷa etc.) to <i>*del</i> as in Sk.dala,dalati.Cp.Lat.dolare to cut,split,work in wood; delere to destroy; Gr.Qai/dalon work of art; Mhg.zelge twig; zol a stick.Possibly also fr.*dan[d]ra (r=l freq.,ṇ:l as tulā:tūṇa; veṇu:veḷu,etc.cp.aṇḍa,caṇḍa),then it would equal Gr.dέndron tree,wood, &#38; be connected with Sk.dāru] 1.stem of a tree,wood,wood worked into something,e.g.a handle,etc.J.II,102; 405 (v.l.dabba); Vism.313; PvA.220 (nimbarukkhassa daṇḍena [v.l.dabbena] katasūla).tidaṇḍa a tripod.-- 2.a stick,staff,rod,to lean on, &#38; as support in walking; the walking-stick of a Wanderer Vin.II,132 (na sakkoti vinā daṇḍena āhiṇḍituṃ),196; S.I,176; A.I,138,206; Sn.688 (suvaṇṇa°); J.III,395; V,47 (loha°); Sdhp.399 (eka°,°dvaya,ti°).daṇḍaṃ olubbha leaning on the st.M.I,108; A.III,298; Th.2,27.-- 3.a stick as means of punishment.a blow,a thrashing:daṇḍehi aññamaññaṃ upakkamanti “they go for each other with sticks” M.I,86=Nd<sup>2</sup> 199; °ṃ dadāti to give a thrashing J.IV,382; V,442; daṇḍena pahāraṃ dadāti to hit with a stick S.IV,62; brahma° a certain kind of punishment D.II,154,cp.Vin.II,290 &#38; Kern,Manual p.87; pañca satāni daṇḍo a fine of 500 pieces Vin.I,247; paṇīta° receiving ample p.Pv IV.1<sup>66</sup>; purisa-vadha° J.II,417; rāja-daṇḍaṃ karoti (c.Loc.) to execute the royal beating PvA.216.See also Dh.129,131,310,405 -- 4.a stick as a weapon in general,only in cert.phrases &#38; usually in comb<sup>n</sup> w.<i>sattha</i>,sword.daṇḍaṃ ādiyati to take up the stick,to use violence:attadaṇḍa (atta=ā-dā) violent Sn.935; attadaṇḍesu nibbuta Dh.406=Sn.630; a.+kodhâbhibhūta S.IV,117:ādinna-daṇḍa ādinnasattha Vin.I,349; opp.daṇḍaṃ nidahati to lay down the stick,to be peaceful:sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ Sn.35,394,629; nihita-d.nihita-sattha using neither stick nor sword,of the Dhamma D.I,4,63; M.I,287; A.I,211; II,208; IV,249; V,204.daṇḍaṃ nikkhipati id.A.I,206.d.-sattha parāmasana Nd<sup>2</sup> 576.daṇḍa-sattha-abbhukkirana &#38; daṇḍa-sattha-abhinipātana Nd<sup>2</sup> 576<sup>4</sup>.Cp.paṭidaṇḍa retribution Dh.133.‹-› 5.(fig.) a means of frightening,frightfulness,violence,teasing.In this meaning used as nt.as M.I,372; tīṇi daṇḍāni pāpassa kammassa kiriyāya:kāyadaṇḍaṃ vacī°,mano°; in the same sense as m.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 293 (as expl<sup>d</sup> to Sn.35).-- 6.a fine,a penalty,penance in general:daṇḍena nikkiṇāti to redeem w.a penalty J.VI,576 (dhanaṃ datvā Com.); daṇḍaṃ dhāreti to inflict a fine Miln.171,193; daṇḍaṃ paṇeti id.Dh.310 (cp.DhA.III,482); DhA.II,71; aṭṭha-kahāpaṇo daṇḍo a fine of 8 k.VvA.76.-- <i>adaṇḍa</i> without a stick,i.e.without force or violence,usually in phrase adaṇḍena asatthena (see above 4):Vin.II,196 (ad.as.nāgo danto mahesinā; thus of a Cakkavattin who rules the world peacefully:paṭhaviṃ ad.as.dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati D.I,89=A.IV,89,105,or dhammena-manusāsati Sn.1002=S.I,236.<br><br> <i>--âbhighata</i> slaying w.cudgels PvA.58; <i>--âraha</i> (adj.) deserving punishment J.V,442; VvA.23; <i>--ādāna</i> taking up a stick (weapon) (cp.above 4),comb<sup>d</sup> with satth’ādāna M.I,110,113,410; D.III,92,93,289; A.IV,400; Vism.326.<i>--kaṭhina</i> k.cloth stretched on a stick (for the purpose of measuring) Vin.II,116; <i>--kathālikā</i> a large kettle with a handle Vin.I,286; <i>--kamma</i> punishment by beating,penalty,penance,atonement J.III,276,527; V,89; Miln.8; °ṃ karoti to punish,to inflict a fine Vin.I,75,76,84; II,262; <i>--koṭi</i> the tip of a branch or stick DhA.I,60; <i>--dīpikā</i> a torch J.VI,398; Vism.39; DhA.I,220,399; <i>--ppatta</i> liable to punishment Miln.46; <i>--paduma</i> N.of a plant (cp.Sk.daṇḍotphala=sahadevā,Halāyudha) J.I,51; <i>--parāyana</i> supported by or leaning on a stick (of old people) M.I,88; A.I,138; Miln.282; <i>--parissāvana</i> a strainer with a handle Vin.II,119; <i>--pahāra</i> a blow with a stick D.I,144; <i>--pāṇin</i> carrying a staff,“staff in hand” M.I,108; <i>--bali</i> (-ādi) fines &#38; taxes,etc.DhA.I,251; <i>--bhaya</i> fear of punishment A.II,121 sq.=Nd<sup>2</sup> 470=Miln.196; <i>--(m)antara</i> among the sticks D.I,166=A.I,295=II.206=M.I,77,238,307,342= Pug.55; see note at Dial.I.228; <i>--yuddha</i> a club-fight D.I,6; J.III,541; <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> fortune-telling from sticks D.I,9; <i>--vākarā</i> a net on a stick,as a snare,M.I,153; <i>--veḷupesikā</i> a bamboo stick J.IV,382; <i>--sikkā</i> a rope slung round the walking-staff Vin.II,131; <i>--hattha</i> with a stick in his hand J.I,59.(Page 312),5,1
  4021. 145498,en,15,dandaka,daṇḍaka,Daṇḍaka,Daṇḍaka,[Demin.of daṇḍa] 1.a (small) stick,a twig; a staff,a rod; a handle D.I,7 (a walking stick carried for ornament:see DA.I,89); J.I,120 (sukkha° a dry twig); II,103; III,26; DhA.III,171; Vism.353.-- <i>aḍḍha°</i> a (birch) rod,used as a means of beating (tāḷeti) A.I,47; II,122=M.I,87=Nd<sup>2</sup> 604=Miln.197; <i>ubhato°</i> two handled (of a saw) M.I,129=189; <i>ratha°</i> the flag-staff of a chariot Miln.27; <i>veṇu°</i> a jungle rope J.III,204.-- See also kudaṇḍaka a twig used for tying J.III,204.-- 2.the crossbar or bridge of a lute J.II,252,253.<br><br> <i>--dīpikā</i> a torch J.I,31; <i>--madhu</i> “honey in a branch,” a beehive DhA.I,59.(Page 312),7,1
  4022. 145671,en,15,dandaniya,daṇḍaniya,Daṇḍaniya,Daṇḍaniya,(adj.) [grd.formation from daṇḍa] liable to punishment Miln.186.(Page 312),9,1
  4023. 145850,en,15,dandha,dandha,Dandha,Dandha,(adj.) [Sk.? Fausböll refers it to Sk.tandra; Trenckner (Notes 65) to dṛḍha; see also Müller,P.Gr.22, &#38; Lüders Z.D.M.G.58,700.A problematic connection is that with thaddha &#38; datta<sup>2</sup> (q.v.)] slow; slothful,indocile; silly,stupid M.I,453; S.IV,190; Dh.116; J.I,116,143; II,447; V,158; VI,192 (+laḷāka); Th.1,293; Miln.59,102,251; DhA.I,94,251; III,4.Vism.105,257 (with ref.to the liver).<br><br> --âbhiññā sluggish intuition D.III,106; A.V,63; Dhs.176; Nett 7,24,50,123 sq.,cp.A.II,149 sq.; Vism.85.(Page 314),6,1
  4024. 145896,en,15,dandhanata,dandhanatā,Dandhanatā,Dandhanatā,(f.),in a° absence of sluggishness Dhs.42,43.(Page 314),10,1
  4025. 145927,en,15,dandhata,dandhatā,Dandhatā,Dandhatā,(f.) stupidity DhA.I,250; as dandhattaṃ at D.III,106.(Page 314),8,1
  4026. 145950,en,15,dandhayana,dandhāyanā,Dandhāyanā,Dandhāyanā,(f.) clumsiness Miln.105.(Page 314),10,1
  4027. 145969,en,15,dandhayitatta,dandhāyitatta,Dandhāyitatta,Dandhāyitatta,(nt.) [der.fr.dandheti] stupidity (=dandhatā) D.I,249 (opp.vitthāyitatta); S.II,54; Miln.105; DA.I,252.(Page 314),13,1
  4028. 145974,en,15,dandheti,dandheti,Dandheti,Dandheti,[denom.fr.dandha] to be slow,to tarry Th.1,293 (opp.tāreti).-- pp.dandhāyita see in der.°tta.(Page 314),8,1
  4029. 146017,en,15,dani,dāni,Dāni,Dāni,(adv.) [shortened form for <i>idāni</i>,q.v.] now,Vin.I,180; II,154; S.I,200,202; II,123; IV,202; J.II,246; Miln.11,etc.(Page 319),4,1
  4030. 146041,en,15,danta,danta,Danta,Danta,<sup>3</sup> [Sk.dānta,pp.dāmyati to make,or to be tame,cp.Gr.dmhtόs,Lat.domitus.See dameti] tamed,controlled,restrained Vin.II,196; S.I,28,65,141 (nāgo va danto carati anejo); A.I,6 (cittaṃ dantaṃ); It.123 (danto damayataṃ seṭṭho); Sn.370,463,513,624; Dh.35,142 (=catumagga-niyamena d.DhA.III,83),321 sq.=Nd<sup>2</sup> 475.-- <i>sudanta</i> well-tamed,restrained Sn.23; Dh.159,323.<br><br> <i>--bhūmi</i> a safe place (=Nibbāna),or the condition of one who is tamed S.III,84; Nd<sup>2</sup> 475 (in continuation of Dh.323); DhA.IV,6.(Page 314),5,1
  4031. 146042,en,15,danta,danta,Danta,Danta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk.dānta] made of ivory,or iv.-coloured J.VI,223 (yāna=dantamaya).<br><br> <i>--kāsāva</i> ivory-white &#38; yellow Vin.I,287; <i>--valaya</i> see danta<sup>1</sup>.(Page 314),5,1
  4032. 146043,en,15,danta,danta,Danta,Danta,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.danta fr.Acc.dantaṃ of <em>dan</em>,Gen.datah= Lat.dentis.Cp.Av.dantan,Gr.o]dόnta,Lat.dentem,Oir.dēt; Goth.tunpus,Ohg.zand,Ags.tōot (=tooth) &#38; tusc (=tusk); orig.ppr.to <i>*ed</i> in atti to eat=“the biter.” Cp.dāṭhā],a tooth,a tusk,fang,esp.an elephant’s tusk; ivory Vin.II,117 (nāga-d.a pin of ivory); Kh II.(as one of the taca-pañcaka,or 5 dermatic constituents of the body,viz.kesā,lomā nakhā d.taco,see detailed description at KhA 43 sq.); paṅkadanta rajassira “with sand between his teeth &#38; dust on his head” (of a wayfarer) Sn.980; J.IV,362,371; M.I,242; J.I,61; II,153; Vism.251; VvA.104 (īsā° long tusks); PvA.90,152 (fang); Sdhp.360.<br><br> <i>--ajina</i> ivory M.II,71 (gloss:dhanadhaññaṃ); <i>--aṭṭhika</i> “teeth-bone,” ivory of teeth i.e.the tooth as such Vism.21.<i>--āvaraṇa</i> the lip (lit.protector of teeth) J.IV,188; VI,590; DhA.I,387.<i>--ullahakaṃ</i> (M.III,167) see ullahaka; <i>--kaṭṭha</i> a tooth-pick Vin.I,46=II.223; I,51,61; II,138; A.III,250; J.I,232; II,25; VI,75; Miln.15; DhA.II,184; VvA.63; <i>--kāra</i> an artisan in ivory ivory-worker D.I,78; J.I,320; Miln.331; Vism.336; <i>--kūta</i> tooth of a maimed bullock (?) (thus taking kūṭa as kūṭa<sup>4</sup>,and equivalent to kūṭadanta),in phrase asanivicakkaṃ danta-kūṭaṃ D.III,44=47,which has also puzzled the translators (cp.Dial.III,40:“munching them all up together with that wheel-less thunderbolt of a jawbone,” with note:“the sentence is not clear”).<i>--pāḷi</i> row of teeth Vism.251; <i>--poṇa</i> tooth-cleaner,always comb<sup>d</sup> with mukh’odaka water for rinsing the teeth Vin.III,51; IV,90,233; J.IV,69; Miln.15; SnA 272.The C.on Pārāj.II.4,17,(Vin.III,51) gives 2 kinds of dantapoṇa,viz.chinna &#38; acchinna.<i>--mūla</i> the root of a tooth; the gums J.V,172; <i>--vakkalika</i> a kind of ascetics (peeling the bark of trees with their teeth?) DA.I,271; <i>--vaṇṇa</i> ivory-coloured,ivory-white Vv 45<sup>10</sup>; <i>--valaya</i> an iv.bangle DhA.I,226; <i>--vikati</i> a vessel of iv.D.I,78; M.II,18; J.I,320; Vism.336.<i>--vikhādana</i> biting with teeth,i.e.chewing Dhs.646,740,875; <i>--vidaṃsaka</i> (either=vidassaka or to be read °ghaṃsaka) showing one’s teeth (or chattering?) A.I,261 (of hasita,laughter); <i>--sampatti</i> splendour of teeth DhA.I,390.(Page 313),5,1
  4033. 146115,en,15,dantaka,dantaka,Dantaka,Dantaka,a pin of tooth or ivory; <i>makara° </i>the tooth of a sword-fish Vin.II,113,117; IV,47.See details under makara.(Page 314),7,1
  4034. 146517,en,15,dapana,dāpana,Dāpana,Dāpana:see vo°.(Page 319),6,1
  4035. 146557,en,15,dapeti,dapeti,Dapeti,Dapeti,Caus.fr.<em>dā</em><i><sup>4</sup> </i>to clean,see pariyo°; pp.dāta see ava°.(Page 314),6,1
  4036. 146565,en,15,dapeti,dāpeti,Dāpeti,Dāpeti,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.drāvayati &#38; drapayati,Caus.to <em>dru</em>,see davati] to cause to run J.II,404.(Page 319),6,1
  4037. 146566,en,15,dapeti,dāpeti,Dāpeti,Dāpeti,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.dāpayati,<em>dap</em> fr.<em>dā</em> (see dadāti &#38; dayati) =deal out,spend,etc.,cp.Gr.dάptw,dapάnh (expenditure),deίpnon (meal); Lat.daps (id.),damnum (expense fr.*dapnom).See also dātta &#38; dāna] to induce somebody to give,to order to be given,to deal out,send,grant,dedicate J.VI,485; PvA.46; aor.<i>dāpesi</i> J.IV,138; DhA.I,226,393 (sent); PvA.5 (id.),31; fut.<i>dāpessati</i> J.II,3; DhA 371.Cp.ava°.(Page 319),6,1
  4038. 146593,en,15,dapita,dāpita,Dāpita,Dāpita,[Sk.dāpayita pp.of dāpeti<sup>1</sup>] given,sent PvA.6; Mhvs VII.26.(Page 319),6,1
  4039. 146606,en,15,dappa,dappa,Dappa,Dappa,[Sk.darpa,to dṛpyati] wantonness,arrogance J.II,277; Miln.361,414; Pgdp 50.Cp.ditta<sup>2</sup>.-- In def.of root <em>gabb</em> at Dhtm 289.(Page 314),5,1
  4040. 146631,en,15,dappita,dappita,Dappita,Dappita,(adj.) arrogant,haughty J.V,232,301.(Page 314),7,1
  4041. 146647,en,15,dara,dara,Dara,Dara,[Sk.dara; see etym.connection under darī] fear,terror; sorrow,pain Vin.II,156=A.I,138 (vineyya hadaye daraṃ); S.II,101,103; IV,186 sq.; Th.2,32 (=cittakato kilesa-patho ThA,38); J.IV,61; Vv 83<sup>8</sup> (=daratha VvA.327); Pv.I,8<sup>5</sup> (=citta-daratha PvA.41).-- <i>sadara</i> giving pain,fearful,painful M.I,464; A.II,11,172; S.I,101.Cp.ādara &#38; purindada.(Page 315),4,1
  4042. 146659,en,15,dara,dāra,Dāra,Dāra, &#38; Dārā (f.) [Sk.dāra (m.) &#38; dārā (f.),more freq.dārā (m.pl.); Instr.sg.dārena J.IV,7; Pv IV.1<sup>77</sup>,etc.; instr,pl.dārehi Sn.108 (sehi d.asantuṭṭho not satisfied with his own wife),Loc.pl.dāresu Sn.38 (puttesu dāresu apekkhā),orig.“wives,womenfolk,” female members of the household=Gr.dou_los (slave; Hesychius:dou=los=h( oi)ki/a; cp.also origin of Germ.frauenzimmer &#38; E.womanhood).Remnants of pl.use are seen in above passage.fr.Sn.] a young woman,esp.married woman,wife.As <i>dārā</i> f.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 295 (d.vuccati bhariyā) &#38; It.36; f.also <i>dārī</i> maiden,young girl Pv.I,11<sup>5</sup>.Otherwise as <i>dāra</i> (coll-masc.):Dh.345; J.I,120; II,248; IV,7; V,104,288; VvA.299 (°paṭiggaha).-- <i>putta-dārā</i> (pl.) wife &#38; children Sn.108,262; J.I,262; cp.saputtadāra with w. &#38; ch.Pv IV.3<sup>47</sup>; putta ca dārā ca Sn.38,123.Freq.in definition of sīla No.3 (kāmesu micchācārin or abrahmacariyā,adultery) as sakena dārena santuṭṭha A.III,348; V,138; Sn.108 (a°); Pv 1<sup>77</sup>,etc.-- <i>paradāra</i> the wife of another M.I,404 sq.; Dh.246,309; Sn.396 (parassa d.) PvA.261.(Page 319),4,1
  4043. 146686,en,15,daraka,dāraka,Dāraka,Dāraka,[Sk.dāraka,cp.dāra &#38; Gr.dou=los (slave)] a (young) boy,child,youngster; a young man.f.<i>dārikā</i> girl (see next) Vin.I,83; J.I,88 (dārake ca dārikāyo boys &#38; girls); II,127; VI,336; Pv.I,12<sup>7</sup> (=bāla° PvA.65); DhA.I,99 (yasa°=yasa-kulaputta); Miln.8,9; PvA.176.-- Freq.as <i>gāmadārakā</i> (pl.) the village-boys,streeturchins J.II,78,176; III,275.<br><br> <i>--tikicchā</i> the art of infant-healing D.I,12 (=komārabhacca-vejjakamma DA.I,98).(Page 319),6,1
  4044. 146759,en,15,daratha,daratha,Daratha,Daratha,[Sk.daratha,der.fr.dara] anxiety,care,distress A.II,238; M.III,287 sq.(kāyikā &#38; cetasikā d.); Sn.15 (darathajā:the Arahant has nought in him born of care C<sup>y</sup> explains by <i>pariḷāha</i> fever); J.I,61 (sabbakilesa-d.) PvA.230 (id.); DhA.II,215; Miln.320; PvA.23,41; VvA.327.(Page 315),7,1
  4045. 146824,en,15,dari,darī,Darī,Darī,(f.) [Sk.darī to dṛṇāti to cleave,split,tear,rend,caus.darayati <i>*der</i>=Gr.dέrw to skin,dέrma,dorά skin); Lith.dirù (id.) Goth.ga-taíran=Ags.teran (tear) =Ohg.zeran (Ger.zerren).To this the variant (r:l) <i>*del</i> in dalati,dala,etc.See also daddara,daddu,dara,avadīyati,ādiṇṇa,uddīyati,purindada (=puraṃ-dara)] a cleavage,cleft; a hole,cave,cavern J.I,18 (v.106),462 (mūsikā° mouse-hole); II,418 (=maṇiguhā); SnA 500 (=padara).<br><br> <i>--cara</i> a cave dweller (of a monkey) J.V,70; <i>--mukha</i> entrance of a cave Vism.110.<i>--saya</i> a lair in a cleft Cp.III,7<sup>1</sup>.(Page 315),4,1
  4046. 146846,en,15,darika,dārikā,Dārikā,Dārikā,(f.) [Sk.dārikā,see dāraka] a young girl,daughter J.III,172; VI,364; Miln.48,151; PvA.16 (daughter),55,67,68.(Page 319),6,1
  4047. 146893,en,15,daru,dāru,Dāru,Dāru,(nt.) [Sk.dāru,<i>*dereǔo</i> (oak) tree; cp.Av.dāuru (wood) Gr.dόru (spear),drus (oak); Lat.larix (fr.*dārix)=larch; Oir.daur (oak); Goth.triu,Ags.treo= tree.Also Sk.dāruṇa,Lat.dūrus (hard) etc.,Oir.dru strong.See also dabba<sup>2</sup>,dabbī &#38; duma] wood,piece of wood; pl.woodwork,sticks A.I,112; It.71; Dh.80; J.II,102; III,54; VI,366; DhA.I,393; PvA.76 (candana°),141.<br><br> <i>--kuṭikā</i> a hut,log-house Vin.III,43; <i>--kkhandha</i> pile of wood PvA.62; <i>--gaha</i> a wood yard Vin.III,42 sq.; <i>--ghaṭika</i> wooden pitcher ThA.286.<i>--cīriya</i> “woodbarked” Np,DhA.II,35.<i>--ja</i> made of wood S.I,77; Dh.345; <i>--dāha</i> the burning of wood S.I,169; <i>--dhītalikā</i> a wooden doll Vin.III,36,126; <i>--patta</i> a wooden bowl Vin.II,112,143; <i>pattika</i> one who uses a wooden bowl for collecting alms D.I,157; III,22; DA.I,319; <i>pādukā</i> a wooden shoe,a clog Vin.II,143; <i>--bhaṇḍa</i> wooden articles Vin.II,143 (specified),170,211; <i>--maṇḍalika</i> a wooden disk DhA.III,180; <i>--maya</i> wooden VvA.8,DhA.I,192; <i>--yanta</i> a wooden machine Vism.595; <i>--saṅghāta</i> (-yāna) “a vehicle constructed of wood,” i.e.a boat J.V,194; <i>--samādahāna</i> putting pieces of wood together S.I,169.(Page 319),4,1
  4048. 147025,en,15,daruka,dāruka,Dāruka,Dāruka,(cp.dāru) a log S.I,202=Th.1,62=DhA.III,460; adj.made of wood Th.2.390 (°cillaka,a wooden post,see ThA.257).(Page 319),6,1
  4049. 147132,en,15,daruna,dāruṇa,Dāruṇa,Dāruṇa,(adj.) [Ved.dāruṇa,to dāru (“strong as a tree”),cp.Gr.droόn=i)sxurόn Hesych; Lat.dūrus; Oir.dron (firm),Mir.dūr (hard) Ags.trum] strong,firm,severe; harsh,cruel,pitiless S.I,101; II,226; Sn.244; Dh.139; J.III,34; Pv IV.3<sup>6</sup> (=ghora PvA.251); Miln.117 (vāta); PvA.24,52 (=ghora),159 (sapatha a terrible oath= ghora),181 (=kurūrin),221 (°kāraṇa); Sdhp.5,78,286.(Page 320),6,1
  4050. 147288,en,15,dasa,dasa,Dasa,Dasa,<sup>2</sup> (-°) [Sk.-dṛśa; cp.dassa] seeing,to be seen,to be perceived or understood D.I,18 (aññadatthu° sureseeing,all-perceiving=sabbaṃ passāmī ti attho DA.I,111); Sn.653 (paṭiccasamuppāda°),733 (sammad°); J.I,506 (yugamatta°; v.l.dassa).-- <i>duddasa</i> difficult to be seen or understood D.I,12 (dhammā gambhīrā d.; see gambhīra); M.I,167,487; Sn.938; Dh.252; also as <i>sududdasa</i> Dh.36.(Page 316),4,1
  4051. 147289,en,15,dasa,dasa,Dasa,Dasa,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.daśa=Av.dasa,Gr.dέka,Lat.decem,Goth.taíhun,Oir.deich,Ags.tīen,Ohg.zehan fr.*dekm̊,a cpd.of dv+km̊=“two hands”] the number ten; Gen.dasannaṃ (Dh.137); Instr.dasahi (Kh III,) &#38; dasabhi (Vin.I,38).In cpds.(-°) also as ḷasa (soḷasa 16) &#38; rasa (terasa 13; pannar° 15; aṭṭhār° 18).<br><br> Metaphorical meaning.(A) In the first place 10 is used for measurement (more recent &#38; comprehensive than its base 5); it is the no.of a set or comprehensive unity,not in a vague (like 3 or 5),but in a definite sense.(B) There inheres in it the idea of a fixed measure,with which that of an authoritative,solemn &#38; auspicious importance is coupled.This applies to the unit as well as its decimal comb<sup>ns</sup> (100,1000).Ethically it denotes a circle,to fulfil all of which constitutes a high achievement or power. Application (A) (based on natural phenomena):dasa disā (10 points of the compass; see disā):Sn.719,1122; PvA.71,etc.; d.lokadhātuyo Pv.II,9<sup>61</sup> (=10X1000; PvA.138); d.māse (10 months as time of gestation) kucchiyā pariharitvā J.I,52; PvA.43,82.-- (B) (fig.) 1.a set:(a) personal (cp.10 people would have saved Sodom:Gen.18,32; the 10 virgins (2X5) Matt.25,1):divase divase dasa dasa putte vijāyitvā (giving birth to 10 sons day by day) Pv.I,6.-- (b) impersonal:10 commandments (dasa sikkhāpadāni Vin.I,83),cp.Exod.34,28; 10 attributes of perfection of a Tathāgata or an Arahant:Tathāgata-balāni; with ref.to the Buddha see Vin.I,38 &#38; cp.Vin.Texts I.141 sq.; dasah’aṅgehi samannāgato arahā ti vuccati (in memorizing of No.10) Kh III,dasahi asaddhammehi sam° kāko J.III,127; -- 10 heavenly attributes (ṭhānāni):āyu etc.D.III,146; S.V,275; PvA.9,opp.10 afflictions as punishment (cp.10 plagues Exod.7--11):dasannaṃ aññataraṃ ṭhānaṃ nigacchati Dh.137 (=das.dukkha-kāraṇānaṃ,enum<sup>d</sup> v.138,139) “afflicted with one of the 10 plagues”; cp.DhA.III,70.-- 10 good gifts to the bhikkhu (see deyyadhamma) Nd<sup>2</sup> 523; PvA.7; 10 rules for the king:PvA.161; -- dividing the Empire into 10 parts:PvA.111; etc.vassa-dasa a decade:das’ev’imā vassa-dasā J.IV,396 (enum<sup>d</sup> under vassa); dasa-rāja-dhammā J.II,367; das’akkosa-vatthūni DhA.I,212.- See on similar sets A.V,1--310; D.III,266--271.-- 2.a larger unity,a crowd,a vast number (of time &#38; space):(a) personal,often meaning “all” (cp.10 sons of Haman were slain Esth.9,10; 10 lepers cleansed at one time Luke 17,12):dasa bhātaro J.I,307; dasa bhātikā PvA.111; dasa-kaññā-sahassa-parivārā PvA.210 etc.‹-› (b) impersonal (cp.10 X 10=many times,S.B.E.43,3):dasa-yojanika consisting of a good many miles DhA.III,291.dasavassasahassāni dibbāni vatthāni paridahanto (“for ever and aye”) PvA.76,etc.<br><br> <i>--kkhattuṃ</i> [Sk.°kṛtvah] ten times DhA.I,388; <i>--pada</i> (nt.) a draught-board (with 10 squares on each side); a pre-Buddhistic game,played with men and dice,on such a board D.I,6; Vin.II,10=III,180 (°e kīḷanti); DA.I,85.<i>--bala</i>,[Sk.daśabala] endowed with 10 (supernormal) powers,Ep.of the Buddhas,esp.of Kassapa Buddha Vin.I,38=J.I,84; S.II,27; Vism.193,391; DhA.I,14; VvA.148,206,etc.<i>--vidha</i> tenfold DhA.I,398.<i>--sata</i> ten times a hundred Vin.I,38 (°parivāro); Sn.179 (yakkhā); DhsA.198 (°nayano).<i>--sahassa</i> ten times a thousand (freq.); °ī in dasa-sahassi-lokadhātu Vin.I,12 (see lokadhātu).(Page 315),4,1
  4052. 147307,en,15,dasa,dasā,Dasā,Dasā,(f.) &<i> dasa</i> (nt.) [Sk.daśā] unwoven thread of a web of cloth,fringe,edge or border of a garment D.I,7 (dīgha° long-fringed,of vatthāni); J.V,187; DhA.I,180; IV,106 (dasāni).-- <i>sadasa</i> (nt.) a kind of seat,a rug (lit.with a fringe) Vin.IV,171 (=nisīdana); opp.<i>adasaka</i> (adj.) without a fringe or border Vin.II,301=307 (nisīdana).<i>--anta</i> edge of the border of a garment J.I,467; DhA.I,180 sq.,391.(Page 316),4,1
  4053. 147317,en,15,dasa,dāsa,Dāsa,Dāsa,[Ved.dāsa; orig.adj.meaning “non-Aryan,” i.e.slave (cp.Gr.baρbaros,Ger.sklave=slave); Av.dāha= a Scythian tribe.Also connected w.dasyu (see dassukhīla)] a slave,often comb<sup>d</sup> w.f.dāsī.Def.by Bdhgh as “antojāto” (DA.I,300),or as “antojātadhanakkīta-karamarânīta-sāmaṃ dāsabyaṃ upagatānaṃ aññataro” (ibid.168).-- In phrase <i>dāsā ca kammakarā</i> “slaves &#38; labourers” Vin.I,243,272; II,154; as dāso kammakaro “a slave-servant” D.I,60 (cp.d.‹-› kammakara).-- Vin.I,72,76 (dāso na pabbājetabbo:the slave cannot become a bhikkhu); D.I,72; M.II,68 (fig.taṇhā°); J.I,200,223; III,343 (bought for 700 kahāpaṇas),347; Pug.56; PvA.112.<br><br> <i>--kammakara</i> (porisa) a slave-servant,an unpaid labourer,a serf Vin.I,240; A.I,206; D.III,189; DhA.IV,1; <i>--gaṇa</i> a troop of slaves Pv IV.1<sup>41</sup>; <i>--purisa</i> a servant J.I,385; <i>--porisa</i> a servant,slave Sn.769 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 11,where 4 kinds of d.are mentioned); <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> fortunetelling from (the condition of) slaves D.I,9.(Page 320),4,1
  4054. 147425,en,15,dasabyata,dāsabyatā,Dāsabyatā,Dāsabyatā,(f.)=dāsavya Sdhp.498.(Page 320),9,1
  4055. 147587,en,15,dasaka,dasaka,Dasaka,Dasaka,(nt.) 1.a decad,decade,a decennial J.IV,397; DhsA.316.<i>khiḍḍā°</i> the decad of play Vism.619; cakkhu° etc.sense-decads Vism.553; Comp.164,250; kāya°,Vism.588.(Page 316),6,1
  4056. 147597,en,15,dasaka,dāsaka,Dāsaka,Dāsaka,=dāsa in <i>°putta</i> a slave,of the sons of the slaves,mentioned as one of the sipp’āyatanas at D.I,51≈ (expl.by Bdhgh as balavasinehā-gharadāsa-yodhā DA.I,157).-- <i>sadāsaka</i> with slaves,followed by slaves Vv 32<sup>4</sup>.-- f.<i>dāsikā</i> a female slave (=dāsī) M.I,126; J.VI,554.(Page 320),6,1
  4057. 147782,en,15,dasana,dasana,Dasana,Dasana,[Sk.daśana to ḍasati] a tooth Dāvs.V,3 (d.‹-› dhātu,the tooth relic of the Buddha).(Page 316),6,1
  4058. 148078,en,15,dasati,ḍasati,Ḍasati,Ḍasati,( &#38; ḍaṃsati) [cp.Sk.da ati &#38; daṃśati,Gr.dάknw,Ohg.zanga,Ags.tonge,E.tong] to bite (esp.of flies,snakes,scorpions,etc.),pres.ḍasati M.I,519; pot.ḍaseyya M.I,133; A.III,101=IV.320 (where ḍaṃs°) &#38; ḍaṃseyya A.III,306; ppr.ḍasamāna J.I,265 (gīvāya); fut.ḍaṃsayissāmi J.VI,193 (v.l.ḍass°); aor.aḍaṃsi Vv 80<sup>8</sup> (=Sk.adāṅkṣīt),<i>ḍaṃsi</i> PvA.62 &#38; <i>ḍasi</i> J.I,502; DhA.II,258; inf.ḍasituṃ J.I,265; ger.ḍasitvā J.I,222; II,102; III,52,538; DhA.I,358.-- pp.<i>daṭṭha</i>; cp.also dāṭhā &#38; saṇḍāsa.(Page 291),6,1
  4059. 148188,en,15,dasavya,dāsavya,Dāsavya,Dāsavya, &#38; Dāsabya (nt.) [cp.Sk.dāsya] the condition of a slave,slavery,serfdom D.I,73; M.I,275 (b); J.I,226; DA.I,168 (b),213; DhA.III,35; PvA.112,152.(Page 320),7,1
  4060. 148209,en,15,dasi,dāsī,Dāsī,Dāsī,(f.) [Sk.dāsī,cp.dāsa.Nom.pl.dasso for dāsiyo J.IV,53; in cpds.dāsi°] a female servant,a handmaiden,a slave-girl Vin.I,217,269,291; II,10 (kula°),78= III,161; M.I,125; II,62 (ñāti°); Pv.II,3<sup>21</sup> (ghara°); PvA.46,61,65.-- Cp.kumbha°.<br><br> <i>--gaṇa</i> a troop of slave-girls J.II,127; <i>--dāsā</i> (pl.) maid &#38; man-servants DhA.I,187; freq.to cpd.d-d-paṭiggahaṇa slave-trading D.I,5≈(cp.DA.I,78); <i>--puttå</i> the son of a slave,an abusive term (gharadāsiyā va putto Dh.I,257; cp.Sk.dāsīsuta) D.I,93 (°vāda); <i>--bhoga</i> the possessions of a slave Vin.III,136.(Page 320),4,1
  4061. 148252,en,15,dasika,dasika,Dasika,Dasika,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.dasā] belonging to a fringe,in dasika <i>--sutta</i> an unwoven or loose thread Vin.III,241; DhA.IV,206 (°mattam pi not even a thread,i.e.nothing at all,cp.Lat.nihīlum=ne-fīlum not a thread=nothing).See also dasaka under dasā.(Page 316),6,1
  4062. 148253,en,15,dasika,dasika,Dasika,Dasika,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) (-°) [Sk.dṛśika,cp.dassin] to be seen,to behold,being of appearance,only in <i>dud°</i> or frightful app.,fierce,ugly SI .94 &#38; id.p.(q.v.under okoṭimaka); J.I,504 (kodha,anger); PvA.24,90 (of Petas).-- Note.The spelling is sometimes <i>°dassika:</i> A.II,85; Pug.51; PvA.90.(Page 316),6,1
  4063. 148288,en,15,dasima,dāsima,Dāsima,Dāsima,a species of tree J.VI,536.(Page 320),6,1
  4064. 148314,en,15,dasitta,dāsitta,Dāsitta,Dāsitta,(nt.) [Sk.dāsītva] the status of a (female) slave Miln.158.(Page 320),7,1
  4065. 148328,en,15,dasiya,dāsiyā,Dāsiyā,Dāsiyā,=dāsikā,a female slave J.VI,554.(Page 320),6,1
  4066. 148333,en,15,dassa,dassa,Dassa,Dassa,(-°) [Sk.--darśa; cp.dasa<sup>2</sup>] to see or to be seen,perceiving,perceived Sn.1134 (appa° of small sight,not seeing far,knowing little=paritta-dassa thoka-dassa Nd<sup>2</sup> 69).Cp.akkha° a judge Miln.114.<i>--su°</i> easily perceived (opp.duddasa) Dh.252.(Page 316),5,1
  4067. 148360,en,15,dassana,dassana,Dassana,Dassana,(nt.) [Sk.darśana,see dassati<sup>1</sup>] -- 1.Lit.seeing,looking; noticing; sight of,appearance,look.Often equivalent to an infinitive “to see,” esp.as Dat.<i>dassanāya</i> in order to see,for the purpose of seeing (cp.dassana-kāma=daṭṭhu-kāma):[Bhagavantaṃ] dassanāya M.II,23,46; A.I,121; III,381; Sn.325.-- (a) (nt.) “sight” D.II,157 (visūka°,looking on at spectacles); A.III,202 (+savana hearing); IV,25 sq.(bhikkhu°); Sn.207 (muni°,may be taken as 2,cp.SnA 256),266 (=pekkhaṇa KhA 148); Dh.206 (ariyānaṃ d.,cp.ariyānaṃ dassāvin),210 (appiyānaṃ),274; Vv 34<sup>2</sup>; VvA.138 (sippa° exhibition of art,competition).‹-› (b) adj.as (-°) “of appearance” (cp.°dasa) Sn.548 (cāru° lovely to behold); PvA.24 (bhayānaka° fearful to look at),68 (bībhaccha°).-- 2.Appld.(power of) perception,faculty of apperception,insight,view,theory; esp.(a) in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>ñāṇa-dassana</i> either “knowing &#38; seeing,” or perhaps “the insight arising from knowledge,” perfect knowledge,realization of the truth,wisdom (cp.ñāṇa):S.I,52; II,30; V,28,422; M.I,195 sq.,241,482 (Gotamo sabbaññū sabba-dassāvī aparisesaṃ ñ-d °ṃ paṭijānāti; id.II.31); D.III,134; A.I,220; II,220; IV,302 sq.; cp.ñ-d-paṭilābha A.I,43; II,44 sq.; III 323; ñ-d-visuddhi M.I,147 sq.Also with further determination as <i>adhideva-</i>ñ-d° A.IV,428; <i>alam-ariya°</i> S.III,48; IV,300; V,126 sq.; M.I,68,71,81,207,246,440 sq.,A.I,9; III,64,430; V,88; <i>parisuddha</i> A.III,125; <i>maggâmagga°</i> A.V,47; <i>yathābhūta°</i> A.III,19,200; IV,99,336; V,2 sq.,311 sq.; <i>vimutti°</i> S.I,139; V,67; A.III,12,81,134; IV,99,336; V,130; It.107,108; Miln.338.See also vimutti.-- (b) in other contexts:ariyasaccāna-dassana Sn.267; ujubhūta° S.V,384,404; dhamma° (the right doctrine) S.V,204,344,404; A.III,263; pāpa° (a sinful view) Pv IV.3<sup>55</sup>; viparīta° A.III,114; IV,226; V,284 sq.(and a°),293 sq.sammā° (right view) S.III,189; A.III,138; IV,290; V,199; sabbalokena d.S.IV,127; sahetu d.S.V,126 sq.; suvisuddha d.S.IV,191.-- S.III,28,49; M.II,46; III,157; Sn.989 (wisdom:Jinānaṃ eta d.corresponding with ñāṇa in preceding line); Dhs.584,1002 (insight:cp.Dhs.trsl.p.256).-- (adj.) perceiving or having a view (cp.dasseti) S.I,181 (visuddha°); Th.1,422.-- (c) as nt.from the Caus.dasseti:pointing out,showing; implication,definition,statement (in Com.style) PvA.72; often as <i>°ākāra-</i>dassana:PvA.26 (dātabba°),27 (thomana°),35 (kata°) &#38; in <i>dassanatthaṃ</i> in order to point out,meaning by this,etc.PvA.9,68.-- 3.<i>adassana</i> not seeing S.I,168=Sn.459; invisibility J.IV,496 (°ṃ vajjati to become invisible); wrong theory or view A.V,145 sq.; Sn.206; Pug.21.<br><br> <i>--anuttariya</i> (nt.) the pre-eminence or importance of (right or perfect) insight; as one of the 3 anuttariyāni,viz.d°,paṭipadā°,vimutta° at D.III,219,250,281; A.III,284,325; <i>--kāma</i> (adj.) desirous of seeing A.I,150; IV,115; Miln.23; <i>--bhūmi</i> the level or plane of insight Nett 8,14,50; <i>--sampanna</i> endowed with right insight S.II,43 sq.,58.(Page 317),7,1
  4068. 148700,en,15,dassaneyya,dassaneyya,Dassaneyya,Dassaneyya,(adj.)=dassanīya J.V,203 (bhusa°).(Page 317),10,1
  4069. 148709,en,15,dassaniya,dassanīya,Dassanīya,Dassanīya,(adj.) [Sk.darśanīya; grd.formation of dassana,also as dassaneyya] fair to behold,beautiful,good-looking (=dassituṃ yutta DA.I,141),often in formula <i>abhirūpa d</i>.<i> pāsādika paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgata</i> to express matchless physical beauty:D.I,114; S.II,279; PvA.46 etc.Also with abhirūpa &#38; pāsādika alone of anything fair &#38; beautiful:D.I,47.-- Vin.IV,18; S.I,95; J.III,394; Pug.52,66; DA.I,281; PvA.44 (=subha),51 (=rucira).-- Comparative <i>dassanīyatara</i> S.I,237; Sdhp.325:DhA.I,119.(Page 317),9,1
  4070. 148770,en,15,dassati,dassati,Dassati,Dassati,<sup>2</sup> fut.of dadāti,q.v.(Page 317),7,1
  4071. 148787,en,15,dassavin,dassāvin,Dassāvin,Dassāvin,(adj.-n.) [Sk.*darśavant] full of insight,seeing,perceiving,taking notice of.In comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>°ñū</i> (knowing) it plays the part of an additional emphasis to the 1st term=knowing &#38; seeing i.e.having complete or highest knowledge of,gifted with “clear” sight or intuition (see jānāti passati &#38; cp.ñāṇa-dassana).‹-› (a) As adj.--°:seeing,being aware of,realizing; anicca° S.III,1; ādīnava° S.II,194; IV,332; M.I,173; A.V,181 sq.; pariyanta° A.V,50 sq.; bhaya° S.V,187:It.96; esp.in phrase anumattesu vajjesu bhaya° D.I,63=It.118 (cp bhaya-dassin); lokavajjabhaya° S.I,138; <i>sabba°</i> (+sabbaññū) M.I,482 (samaṇo Gotamo s° s°); II,31; Miln.74 (Buddho s° s°); cp.M Vastu III,51 sarvadarśāvin; sāra°.Vin.II,139.-- (b) (n.) one who sees or takes notice of,in phrase ariyānaṃ dassāvī (+sappurisānaṃ dassāvī &#38; kovido) M.I,8; S.III,4; opp.<i>adassāvī</i> one who disregards the Noble Ones S.III,3,113; M.III,17; Dhs.1003 (cp.DhsA.350).(Page 317),8,1
  4072. 148788,en,15,dassavita,dassāvitā,Dassāvitā,Dassāvitā,(f.) [abstr.to dassāvin] seeing,sight (-°) Miln.140 (guṇavisesa°).(Page 317),9,1
  4073. 148873,en,15,dassetar,dassetar,Dassetar,Dassetar,[Sk.darśayitṛ,n.agent to dasseti] one who shows or points out,a guide,instructor,teacher A.I,62,132=It.110.(Page 317),8,1
  4074. 148882,en,15,dasseti,dasseti,Dasseti,Dasseti,Caus.of dassati<sup>1</sup> (q.v.).(Page 317),7,1
  4075. 148922,en,15,dassika,dassika,Dassika,Dassika,(-°):see dasika<sup>1</sup>.(Page 317),7,1
  4076. 148924,en,15,dassimant,dassimant,Dassimant,Dassimant,see attha°.(Page 317),9,1
  4077. 148929,en,15,dassin,dassin,Dassin,Dassin,(-°) (adj.) [Sk.°darśin] seeing,finding,realizing,perceiving.Only in cpds.,like attha° Sn.385; ananta° S.I,143; ādīnava° Sdhp.409; ekaṅga° Ud.69; jātikkhaya° Sn.209; It.40; ñāṇa° Sn.478 (=sacchikatasabbaññuta-ñāṇa SnA 411; cp.dassāvin); tīra° S.III,164 sq.; A.III,368,cp.tīra-dakkhin; dīgha° (=sabbadassāvin) PvA.196; bhaya° Dh.31 (°dassivā=dassī vā?),317; It.40; DA.I,181 (=bhaya dassāvin); viveka° Sn.474,851.(Page 317),6,1
  4078. 148937,en,15,dassita,dassita,Dassita,Dassita,<sup>2</sup> at J.VI,579 accord.to Kern (Toev.p.114)=Sk.daṃśita mailed,armed.(Page 317),7,1
  4079. 148938,en,15,dassita,dassita,Dassita,Dassita,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.darśita,pp.of dasseti<sup>1</sup>] shown,exhibited,performed Vin.IV,365; J.I,330.Cp.san°.(Page 317),7,1
  4080. 149021,en,15,dasso,dasso,Dasso,Dasso,n.pl.of dāsī.(Page 317),5,1
  4081. 149028,en,15,dassu,dassu,Dassu,Dassu,[Sk.dasyu,cp.dāsa] enemy,foe; robber,in <i>dassukhīla</i> robber-plague D.I,135,136 (=corakhīla DA.I,296).(Page 317),5,1
  4082. 149103,en,15,datar,dātar,Dātar,Dātar,[Sk.dāṭr,n.ag.of dadāti to give; cp.Gr.dw/twr &#38; dotήr] a giver,a generous person Pgdp 50.-- <i>adātā</i> one who does not give,a miser Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup>; otherwise as na dātā (hoti) A.II,203; It.65.(Page 318),5,1
  4083. 149114,en,15,datha,dāṭhā,Dāṭhā,Dāṭhā,(f.) [Sk.daṃṣṭrā to ḍasati (q.v.),cp.also daṭṭha] a large tooth,fang,tusk; as adj.(-°) having tusks or fangs D.II,18 (susukkha°); J.I,505 (uddhaṭa-dāṭho viya sappo); IV,245 (nikkhanta°); DhA.I,215; PvA.152 (kaṭhina°); Sdhp.286.<br><br> <i>--āvudha</i> [Sk.daṃṣṭrāyudha] using a tusk as his weapon J.V,172; <i>--danta</i> a canine tooth KhA 44; <i>--balin</i> one whose strength lies in his teeth (of a lion) Sn.72.(Page 318),5,1
  4084. 149188,en,15,dathika,dāṭhikā,Dāṭhikā,Dāṭhikā,(f.) [Sk.*dāḍhikā=Prk.for daṃṣṭrikā] beard,whiskers Vin.II,134 (na d.ṭhapetabbā,of the bhikkhus); J.I,305; V,42 (tamba°),217 (mahā° having great whiskers); DA.I,263 (parūḷha-massu° with beard &#38; whiskers grown long).(Page 318),7,1
  4085. 149195,en,15,dathin,dāṭhin,Dāṭhin,Dāṭhin,(adj.) [cp.Sk.daṃṣṭrin] having tusks J.II,245; IV,348; Th.1,p.1; Sdhp.286.(Page 318),6,1
  4086. 149215,en,15,datta,datta,Datta,Datta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.-n.) [prob.=thaddha,with popular analogy to datta<sup>1</sup>,see also dandha &#38; cp.dattu] stupid; a silly fellow M.I,383; J.VI,192 (Com.:dandha lāḷaka).(Page 312),5,1
  4087. 149216,en,15,datta,datta,Datta,Datta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of dadāti] given (-° by; often in Np.as Brahmadatta,Deva-datta=Theo-dor.etc.) Sn.217 (para°) =SnA 272 (v.l.dinna).(Page 312),5,1
  4088. 149230,en,15,datta,dātta,Dātta,Dātta,(nt.) [Sk.dātra,to <em>dā</em>,Sk.dāti,dyati to cut,divide,deal out; cp.Gr.datέomai,dai/omai &#38; see dāna,dāpeti,dāyati] sickle,scythe Miln.33.(Page 318),5,1
  4089. 149246,en,15,dattha,ḍaṭṭha,Ḍaṭṭha,Ḍaṭṭha,[pp.of daṃśati or dasati to bite] bitten PvA.144.(Page 291),6,1
  4090. 149253,en,15,dattha,daṭṭha,Daṭṭha,Daṭṭha,[pp.of daśati,see ḍasati] bitten J.I,7; Miln.302; PvA.144.(Page 312),6,1
  4091. 149260,en,15,dattha,daṭṭhā,Daṭṭhā,Daṭṭhā,(f.) [cp.dāṭhā] a large tooth,tusk,fang Miln.150 (°visa).(Page 312),6,1
  4092. 149298,en,15,datthar,daṭṭhar,Daṭṭhar,Daṭṭhar,[n.ag.to dassati] one who sees A.II,25.(Page 312),7,1
  4093. 149347,en,15,datti,datti,Datti,Datti,(f.) [from dadāti+ti] gift,donation,offering D.I,166; M.I,78,342; A.I,295; II,206; Pug.55.(Page 312),5,1
  4094. 149358,en,15,dattika,dattika,Dattika,Dattika,(adj.) [der.fr.datta] given; J.III,221 (kula°); IV,146 (id.); nt.a gift D.I,103 (=dinnaka DA.I,271).(Page 312),7,1
  4095. 149365,en,15,dattiya,dattiya,Dattiya,Dattiya,=dattika,given as a present J.II,119 (kula°); V,281 (sakka°); VI,21 (id.):VvA.185 (mahārāja° by the King).(Page 312),7,1
  4096. 149374,en,15,dattu,dattu,Dattu,Dattu,(adj.?) [is it base of n.ag.dātar? see datta<sup>2</sup>] stupid,in d°-paññatta a doctrine of fools D.I,55=M.I,515; J.IV,338.(Page 312),5,1
  4097. 149429,en,15,dava,dava,Dava,Dava,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.drava to dravati to run,flow,etc.<i>*dreu</i> besides <i>*drā</i> (see dalidda) &#38; <i>*dram</i> (=Gr.drόmos); cp.abhiddavati,also dabba=dravyaṃ] running,course,flight; quickness,sporting,exercise,play Vin.II,13; M.I,273; III,2; A.I,114; II,40,145; IV,167; Pug.21,25.-- <i>davā</i> (Abl.) in sport,in fun Vin.II,101; <i>davāya</i> (Dat.) id.Nd<sup>2</sup> 540; Miln.367; Dhs.1347,cp.DhsA.402.-- davaṃ karoti to sport,to play J.II,359,363.<br><br> <i>--atthāya</i> in joke,for fun Vin.II,113; <i>--kamyatā</i> fondness for joking,Vin.IV,11,354; M.I,565.(Page 315),4,1
  4098. 149430,en,15,dava,dava,Dava,Dava,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.dava,to dunoti (q.v.); cp.Gr.dais fire-brand] fire,heat J.III,260.-- See also dāva &#38; dāya.<br><br> <i>--ḍāha</i> (=Sk.davāgni) conflagration of a forest,a jungle-fire Vin.II,138; M.I,306; J.I,641; Cp.III,9<sup>3</sup>; Miln.189; Vism.36.(Page 315),4,1
  4099. 149441,en,15,dava,dāva,Dāva,Dāva,[Sk.dāva,see dava<sup>1</sup> &#38; daya<sup>1</sup>] in <i>°aggi</i> a jungle-fire J.I,213; III,140; Vism.470; DhA.I,281.(Page 320),4,1
  4100. 149509,en,15,davika,dāvika,Dāvika,Dāvika,(adj.) in piṇḍa°,a cert.rank in the army (v.l.piṇḍa-dāyika) D.I,51=Miln.331 (DA.I,156:sāhasikamahāyodhā,etc.,with popular expl.of the terms piṇḍa &#38; davayati).(Page 320),6,1
  4101. 149514,en,15,davya,davya,Davya,Davya,[for *dravya]=dabba<sup>1</sup>,in <i>sarīra°</i> fitness of body,a beautiful body J.II,137.(Page 315),5,1
  4102. 149525,en,15,daya,dayā,Dayā,Dayā,(f.) [Ved.dayā,to dayati<sup>2</sup>] sympathy,compassion,kindness M.I,78; Sn.117; J.I,23; VI,495.Usually as anuddayā; freq.in cpd.<i>dayāpanna</i> showing kindness D.I,4 (=dayaṃ metta-cittaṃ āpanno DA.I,70); M.I,288; A.IV,249 sq.; Pug.57; VvA.23.(Page 315),4,1
  4103. 149538,en,15,daya,dāya,Dāya,Dāya,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.dāya,to dadāti,etc.] a gift,donation; share,fee D.I,87≈(in phrase rājadāya brahmadeyya,a king’s grant,cp.rājadattiya); J.IV,138; V,363; VI,346.Cp.dāyāda &#38; brahmadeyya.(Page 319),4,1
  4104. 149539,en,15,daya,dāya,Dāya,Dāya,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.dāva,conflagration of a forest; wood=easily inflammable substance; to dunoti (to burn) caus.dāvayati,cp.Gr.dai/w (to burn) &#38; P.dava<sup>1</sup>] wood; jungle,forest; a grove Vin.I,10 (miga°),15,350; II,138; S.II,152 (tiṇa°); IV,189 (bahukaṇṭaka d.=jungle); A.V,337 (tiṇa°); J.III,274; VI,278.See also dāva.<br><br> <i>--pāla</i> a grove keeper Vin.I,350; M.I,205.(Page 319),4,1
  4105. 149553,en,15,dayada,dāyāda,Dāyāda,Dāyāda,[Sk.dāyāda=dāya+ā-da receiving the (son’s) portion,same formation on ground of sam̊e idea as Lat.heres=*ghero+ē--do receiver of what is left:see Brugmann,Album Kern p.29 sq.] heir M.I,86=Nd<sup>2</sup> 199; S.I,69,90; IV,72; A.III,72 sq.; J.III,181; VI,151; Kh VIII,5.Often fig.with <i>kamma°</i> one who inherits his own deeds (see kamma 3 A b &#38; cpds.):M.I,390 sq.; A.V,289; &#38; as <i>dhamma°</i> (spiritual heir) opposed to āmisa° (material h.):M.I,12; It.101; also as dhamma° D.III,84; as <i>brahma°</i> M.II,84; D.III,83.-- <i>adāyāda</i> not having an heir S.I,69; J.V,267.See dāyajja &#38; dāyādaka.(Page 319),6,1
  4106. 149563,en,15,dayadaka,dāyādaka,Dāyādaka,Dāyādaka,[=dāyāda] heir M.II,73; Th.1,781,1142; f.<i>°ikā</i> Th.2,327 (=dāyajjarahā ThA.234).(Page 319),8,1
  4107. 149578,en,15,dayajja,dāyajja,Dāyajja,Dāyajja,(nt.) [Sk.dāyādya; see dāyāda] inheritance Vin.I,82; D.III,189; A.III,43; J.I,91; Vism.43 sq.; dowry J.III,8.-- (adj.) one who inherits Vin.III,66 (pituno of the father).<br><br> <i>--upasampadā</i>,lit.the Upasampadā by way of inh.,a particular form of ordination conferred on Sumana &#38; Sopāka,both novices seven yrs.old DhA.IV,137.(Page 319),7,1
  4108. 149617,en,15,dayaka,dāyaka,Dāyaka,Dāyaka,[Sk.dāyaka,<em>dā</em> as in dadāti &#38; dāna] (adj.) giving,bestowing,distributing,providing (usually --°); (n.) a donor,benefactor; a munificent person M.I,236 sq.; A.I,26,161; II,64,80; III,32,336; IV,81; Sn.p.87; It.19 (ito cutā manussattā saggaṃ gacchanti dāyakā); J.V,129 (kaṇḍa°); Pv.I,1<sup>1</sup> sq.; 1<sup>2</sup>; 4<sup>2</sup>; 5<sup>5</sup>; DA.I,298; PvA.113 (=dada); Miln.258 (°ānaṃ dakkhiṇā); Sdhp.276.-- f.<i>dāyikā</i> Vin.II,216 (bhikkhā°),289 (khīrassa).-- <i>adāyaka</i> a stingy person,one who neglects almsgiving (cp.adānasīla) Pv.I,11<sup>9</sup>; f.°ikā Pv.I,9<sup>3</sup>.(Page 319),6,1
  4109. 149668,en,15,dayana,dāyana,Dāyana,Dāyana,(nt.) [see dayati] cutting; <i>°agga</i> the first of what has been cut (on fields) DhA.I,98; <i>°atthaṃ</i> for the purpose of mowing DhA.III,285.(Page 319),6,1
  4110. 149708,en,15,dayati,dayati,Dayati,Dayati,<sup>2</sup> =[Ved.dayate of <i>day</i> to divide,share,cp.Gr.dai/omai,dai/numi,dai/th,etc.to <i>dā</i> (see dadāti,base 2), &#38; with p.Gr.dapάnh,Lat.daps (see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.)] to have pity (c.Loc.),to sympathize,to be kind J.VI,445 (dayitabba),495 (dayyāsi=dayaṃ kareyyāsi).(Page 315),6,1
  4111. 149709,en,15,dayati,dayati,Dayati,Dayati,<sup>1</sup> =dayati (q.v.) to fly J.IV,347 (+uppatati); VI,145 (dayassu=uyyassu Com.).(Page 315),6,1
  4112. 149718,en,15,dayati,dāyati,Dāyati,Dāyati,[Sk.dāti &#38; dyāti <em>(dā)</em> to cut,divide,etc.; cp.dayati,dātta,dāna] to cut,mow,reap,caus.dāyāpeti to cause to be cut or mowed DhA.III,285.(Page 319),6,1
  4113. 149824,en,15,dayika,dāyika,Dāyika,Dāyika,(adj.)=dāyaka PvA.157; Sdhp.211,229.(Page 319),6,1
  4114. 149864,en,15,deddubha,deḍḍubha,Deḍḍubha,Deḍḍubha,[Sk.duṇḍubha] a water-snake; salamander J.III,16; VI,194; Sdhp.292.See next.(Page 328),8,1
  4115. 149870,en,15,deddubhaka,deḍḍubhaka,Deḍḍubhaka,Deḍḍubhaka,1.a sort of snake (see prec.) J.I,361.-- 2.a kind of girdle (in the form of a snake’s head) Vin.II,136 (expl<sup>d</sup> by udaka-sappi-sira-sadisa).(Page 328),10,1
  4116. 149885,en,15,deha,deha,Deha,Deha,[Sk.deha to <i>*dheigh</i> to form,knead,heap up (cp.kāya=heap),see diddha.So also in uddehaka.Cp.Kern,Toev.p.75 s.v.sarīradeha.Cp.Gr.teίxos (wall)=Sk.dehī; Lat.fingo &#38; figura; Goth.deigan (knead)=Ohg.teig=E.dough] body A.II,18; PvA.10,122.Usually in foll.phrases:hitvā <i>mānusaṃ</i> dehaṃ S.I,60; Pv.II,9<sup>56</sup>; pahāya m.d.S.I,27,30; jahati d.M.II,73; °ṃ nikkhipati Pv.II,6<sup>15</sup>; (muni or khīṇāsavo) antima-deha-dhārin (°dhāro) S.I,14,53; II,278; Sn.471; Th.II,7,10; It.32,40,50,53.<i>°nikkhepana</i> laying down the body Vism.236.(Page 331),4,1
  4117. 149901,en,15,dehaka,dehaka,Dehaka,Dehaka,(nt.)=deha; pl.limbs Th.2,392; cp.ThA.258.(Page 331),6,1
  4118. 149937,en,15,dehin,dehin,Dehin,Dehin,(adj.-n.) that which has a body,a creature Sdhp.12,16.(Page 331),5,1
  4119. 149939,en,15,dejjha,dejjha,Dejjha,Dejjha,(=dvejjha,see dvi B I.5] divided,in <i>a°</i> undividedness J.III,7 (com.abhejja),274=IV.258 (dhanuṃ a °ṃ karoti to get the bow ready,v.l.BB.sarejjhaṃ C.expl<sup>d</sup> jiyāya ca sarena ca saddhiṃ ekam eva katvā).(Page 328),6,1
  4120. 149959,en,15,dendima,deṇḍima,Deṇḍima,Deṇḍima,(m.nt.) [Sk.diṇḍima,cp.dindima] a kind of kettle-drum D.I,79 (v.l.dindima); Nd<sup>2</sup> 219 (°ka,v.l.dind°); J.I,355; (=paṭaha-bheri); V,322=VI,217; VI,465=580.(Page 329),7,1
  4121. 149983,en,15,depiccha,depiccha,Depiccha,Depiccha,(adj.) [=dvepiccha,see dvi B I.5] having two tail-feathers J.V,339.(Page 329),8,1
  4122. 149992,en,15,desa,desa,Desa,Desa,[Ved.deśa,cp.disā] point,part,place,region,spot,country,Vin.I,46; II,211; M.I,437; J.I,308; DhsA.307 (°bhūta); PvA.78 (°antara prob.to be read dos°),153; KhA 132,227.-- <i>desaṃ karoti</i> to go abroad J.V,340 (p.342 has disaṃ).-- kañcid-eva <i>desaṃ pucchati</i> to ask a little point D.I,51; M.I,229; A.V,39,sometimes as kiñcid-eva d.p.S.III,101; M.III,15; v.l.at D.I,51.-- <i>desāgata</i> pañha a question propounded,lit.come into the region of some one or having become a point of discussion Miln.262.(Page 330),4,1
  4123. 150027,en,15,desaka,desaka,Desaka,Desaka,(adj.) [Sk.deśaka] pointing out,teaching,advising Sdhp.217,519 -- (nt.) advice,instruction,lesson M.I,438.(Page 330),6,1
  4124. 150067,en,15,desana,desanā,Desanā,Desanā,(f.) [Sk.deśanā] 1.discourse,instruction,lesson S.V,83,108; J.III,84; Pug.28; Nett 38; Vism.523 sq.(regarding Paṭiccasamuppāda); PvA.1,2,9,11; Sdhp.213.2.Freq.in <i>dhamma°</i> moral instruction,exposition of the Dhamma,preaching,sermon Vin.I,16; A.I,53; II,182; IV,337 sq.; It.33; J.I,106 etc.(a° gāminī āpatti),a Pārājika or Saṅghādisesa offence Vin.II,3,87; V,187.Cp.Vin.Texts II.33.-- 3.(legal) acknowledgment Miln.344.-- Cp.ā°.<br><br> <i>--avasāne</i> (Loc.) at the end of an instruction discourse or sermon DhA.III,175; PvA.54; <i>--pariyosāne</i>=proc.PvA.9,31 etc.<i>--vilāsa</i> beauty of instruction Vism.524; Tikapaṭṭhāna 21.(Page 330),6,1
  4125. 150543,en,15,desetar,desetar,Desetar,Desetar,[n.ag.to deseti] one who instructs or points out; a guide,instructor,teacher M.I,221,249; A.I,266; III,441; V,349.(Page 331),7,1
  4126. 150552,en,15,deseti,deseti,Deseti,Deseti,[Sk.deśayati,Caus.of disati,q.v.] to point out,indicate,show; set forth,preach,teach; confess.Very freq.in phrase <i>dhammaṃ</i> d.to deliver a moral discourse,to preach the Dhamma Vin.I,15; II,87,188; V,125,136; D.I,241,A.II,185,V.194; It.111; J.I,168; III,394; Pug.57; PvA.6.-- aor.<i>adesesi</i> (S.I,196=Th.1 1254) &#38; <i>desesi</i> (PvA.2,12,78 etc.) -- pp.<i>desita</i> (q.v.).(Page 331),6,1
  4127. 150591,en,15,desika,desika,Desika,Desika,(adj.) [Sk.deśika]=desaka,<i>su°</i> one who points out well,a good teacher Miln.195.(Page 331),6,1
  4128. 150603,en,15,desita,desita,Desita,Desita,[pp.of deseti] expounded,shown,taught etc.,given,assigned,conferred Vin.III,152 (marked out); V,137; D.II,154 (dhamma); Dh.285 (nibbāna); PvA.4 (magga:indicated),54 (given).(Page 331),6,1
  4129. 150697,en,15,dessa,dessa,Dessa,Dessa, &#38; Dessiya (adj.) [Sk.dveṣya,to <em>dvis</em>,see disa] disagreeable,odious,detestable J.I,46; II,285; IV,406; VI,570,ThA.268,Miln.281.(Page 331),5,1
  4130. 150705,en,15,dessata,dessatā,Dessatā,Dessatā,(f.) [Sk.dvesyatā] repulsiveness Miln.281.(Page 331),7,1
  4131. 150710,en,15,dessati,dessati,Dessati,Dessati,[Sk.dviṣati &#38; dveṣṭi; see etym.under disa] to hate,dislike,detest SnA 168 (=na piheti,opp.kāmeti).(Page 331),7,1
  4132. 150716,en,15,dessin,dessin,Dessin,Dessin,(adj.) [Sk.dveṣin] hating,detesting Sn.92 (dhamma°); better desin,cp.viddesin.(Page 331),6,1
  4133. 150730,en,15,deti,ḍeti,Ḍeti,Ḍeti,[Sk.*ḍayate=dīyati; ḍayana flying.The Dhtp gives the root as <em>ḍī</em><i> or </i><em>ḷī</em> with def.of “ākāsa-gamana”] to fly; only in simile “seyyathā pakkhī sakuṇo yena yen’eva ḍeti ...” D.I,71=M.I,180,269=A.II,209= Pug.58; J.V,417.Cp.dayati &#38; dīyati,also uḍḍeti.(Page 291),4,1
  4134. 150766,en,15,deva,deva,Deva,Deva,[Ved.deva,Idg.<i>*deịā</i> to shine (see dibba &#38; diva),orig.adj.*deiǔos belonging to the sky,cp.Av.daēvō (demon.),Lat.deus,Lith.dë̃vas; Ohg.&slashedZ;īo; Ags.Tīg,Gen.Tīwes (=Tuesday); Oir.dia (god).The popular etymology refers it to the root <em>div</em> in the sense of playing,sporting or amusing oneself:dibbanti ti devā,pañcahi kāmaguṇehi kīḷanti attano vā siriyā jotantī ti attho KhA 123] a god,a divine being; usually in pl.<i>devā</i> the gods.As title attributed to any superhuman being or beings regarded to be in certain respects above the human level.Thus primarily (see 1<sup>a</sup>) used of the first of the next-world devas,<i>Sakka</i>,then also of subordinate deities,demons &#38; spirits (devaññatarā some kind of deity; snake-demons:nāgas,tree-gods:rukkhadevatā etc.).Also title of the king (3).Always implying splendour (cp.above etym.) &#38; mobility,beauty,goodness &#38; light, &#38; as such opposed to the dark powers of mischief &#38; destruction (asurā:Titans; petā:miserable ghosts; nerayikā sattā:beings in Niraya).A double position (dark &#38; light) is occupied by Yama,the god of the Dead (see Yama &#38; below 1 c).Always implying also a kinship and continuity of life with humanity and other beings; all devas have been man and may again become men (cp.D.I,17 sq.; S.III,85),hence “gods” is not a coincident term.All devas are themselves in saṃsāra,needing salvation.Many are found worshipping saints (Th.I,627--9; Th.II,365).-- The collective appellations differ; there are var.groups of divine beings,which in their totality (cp.tāvatiṃsa) include some or most of the well-known Vedic deities.Thus some collect.designations are <i>devā sa-indakā</i> (the gods,including Indra or with their ruler at their head:D.II,208; S.III,90,A.V,325),<i>sa-pajāpatikā</i> (S.III,90),<i>sa-mārakā</i> (see deva-manussaloka),<i>sa-brahmakā</i> (S.III,90).See below 1 b.Lists of popular gods are to be found,e.g.at D.II,253; III,194.-- A current distinction dating from the latest books in the canon is that into 3 classes,viz.<i>sammuti-</i>devā (conventional gods,gods in the public opinion,i.e.kings &#38; princes J.I,132; DA.I,174),<i>visuddhi°</i> (beings divine by purity,i.e.of great religious merit or attainment like Arahants &#38; Buddhas), &#38; <i>upapatti°</i> (being born divine,i.e.in a heavenly state as one of the gatis,like bhumma-devā etc.).This division in detail at Nd<sup>2</sup> 307; Vbh.422; KhA 123; VvA.18.Under the 3rd category (upapatti°) seven groups are enumerated in the foll.order:Cātummahārājikā devā,Tāvatiṃsā d.(with Sakka as chief),Yāmā d.,Tusitā d.,Nimmānaratī d.,Paranimmita-vasavattī d.,Bṛahmakāyikā d.Thus at D.I,216 sq.; A.I,210,332 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 307; cp.S.I,133 &#38; J.I,48.See also devatā.<br><br> 1.good etc.-- (a) sg.a god,a deity or divine being,M.I,71 (d.vā Māro vā Brahmā vā); S.IV,180=A.IV,461 (devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā ti:I shall become a god or some one or other of the (subordinate gods,angels); Sn.1024 (ko nu devo vā Brahmā vā Indo vāpi Sujampati); Dh.105 (+gandhabba,Māra,Brahmā); A.II,91,92 (puggalo devo hoti devaparivāro etc.); PvA.16 (yakkho vā devo vā).-- (b) pl.<i>devā</i> gods.These inhabit the 26 devalokas one of which is under the rule of Sakka,as is implied by his appellation <I>S</I>.<i> devānaṃ indo</i> (his opponent is Vepacitti Asur-indo S.I,222) S.I,216 sq.; IV,101,269; A.I,144; Sn.346; PvA.22 etc.-- Var.kinds are e.g.appamāṇ’--ābhā (opp.Paritt’ābhā) M.III,147; ābhassarā D.I,17; Dh.200; khiḍḍāpadosikā D.I,19; gandhabba-kāyikā S.III,250 sq.; cattāro mahārājikā S.V,409,423; Jat I.48; Pv IV.11<sup>1</sup>; PvA.17,272; naradevā tidasā S.I,5; bhummā PvA.5; manāpa-kāyikā A.IV,265 sq.; mano-padosikā D.I,20; valāhaka-kāyikā S.III,254.-- Var.attributes of the Devas are e.g.āyuppamāṇā A.I,267; II,126 sq.; IV,252 sq.; dīghāyukā S.III,86; A.II,33; rūpino manomayā M.I,410,etc.etc.-- See further in general:D.I,54 (satta devā); II,14,157,208; S.V,475=A.I,37; Sn.258 (+manussā),310 (id.); 404,679; Dh.30,56,94,230,366; Ps.I,83 sq.; II,149; Vbh.86,395,412 sq.; Nett 23; Sdhp.240.-- (c) <i>deva=Yama</i> see deva-dūta (expl<sup>d</sup> at J.I,139:devo ti maccu).-- <i>atideva</i> a pre-eminent god,god above gods (Ep.of the Buddha) Nd<sup>2</sup> 307; DhsA.2 etc.; see under cpds.-- 2.the sky,but only in its rainy aspect,i.e.rain-cloud,rainy sky,rain-god (cp.Jupiter Pluvius; K.S.I.40,n.2 on Pajjunna,a Catumahārājika),usually in phrase deve vassante (when it rains etc.),or devo vassati (it rains) D.I,74 (:devo ti megho DA.I,218); S.I,65,154 (cp.It.66 megha); Sn.18,30; J.V,201; DhA.II,58,82; PvA.139.devo ekam ekam phusāyati the cloud rains drop by drop,i.e.lightly S.I,104 sq.,154,184; IV,289.-- thulla-phusitake deve vassante when the sky was shedding big drops of rain S.III,141; V,396; A.I,243; II,140; V,114; Vism.259.-- vigata-valāhake deve when the rain-clouds have passed S.I,65; M.II,34,42.-- 3.king,usually in Voc.deva,king! Vin.I,272; III,43; A.II,57; J.I,150,307; PvA.4,74 etc.<br><br> <i>devī</i> (f.) 1.goddess,of Petīs,Yakkhiṇīs etc.; see etym.expl.at VvA.18.-- Pv.II,1<sup>12</sup>; Vv 1<sup>3</sup> etc.-- 2.queen Vin.I,82 (Rahulamātā),272; D.II,14; A.II,57,202 (Mallikā) J.I,50 (Māyā); III,188; PvA.19,75.<br><br> <i>--accharā</i> a divine Apsarā,a heavenly joy-maiden Vism.531; PvA.46,279; <i>--aññatara</i>,in phrase devo vā d.vā,a god or one of the retinue of a god S.IV,180= A.IV,461; PvA.16; <i>--âtideva</i> god of gods,i.e.divine beyond all divinities,a super-deva,of Buddha Nd<sup>2</sup> 307 &#38; on Sn.1134; J.IV,158=DhA.I,147; Vv 64<sup>27</sup>; VvA.18; Miln.241,258,368,384 &#38; passim; cp.M Vastu I.106,257,283,291; <i>--attabhāva</i> a divine condition,state of a god PvA.14; <i>--ânubhāva</i> divine majesty or power D.II,12; M.III,120; J.I,59; <i>--āsana</i> a seat in heaven It.76; <i>--âsurasaṅgāma</i> the fight between the Gods &#38; the Titans D.II,285; S.I,222; IV,201; V,447; M.I,253; A IV:432 (at all passages in identical phrase); <i>--iddhi</i> divine power Vv 31<sup>3</sup>; VvA.7; <i>--isi</i> a divine Seer Sn.1116; Nd<sup>2</sup> 310; <i>--ûpapatti</i> rebirth among the gods PvA.6; <i>--orohaṇa</i> descent of the gods DhA.III,443; <i>--kaññā</i> a celestial maiden,a nymph S.I,200; J.I,61; VvA.37,78; <i>--kāya</i> a particular group of gods S.I,200; It.77; Th.2,31; <i>--kuñjara</i> “elephant of the gods,” of Indra J.V,158; <i>--kumāra</i> son of a god (cp.°putta) J.III,391; <i>--gaṇa</i> a troop of gods J.I,203; DhA.III,441; <i>--gaha</i> a temple,chapel Vin.III,43; <i>--cārikā</i> a visit to the gods,journeying in the devaloka VvA.3,7,165 etc.; <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> heavenly seat J.III,55; a temple,sacred place Miln.91,330; <i>--dattika</i> given or granted by a god,extraordinary PvA.145; <i>--dattiya</i>=°dattika J.III,37; DhA.I,278; <i>--dāruka</i> a species of pine J.V,420; <i>--dundubhi</i> the celestial drum,i.e.thunder D.I,10; Miln.178; DA.I,95; <i>--dūta</i> the god’s (i.e.Yama’s see above 1°) messenger A.I,138,142; M.II,75; III,179; J.I,138; DhA.I,85 (tayo d.); Mhbv.122 (°suttanta); <i>--deva</i> “the god of gods,” Ep.of the Buddha (cp.devâtideva) Th.1,533,1278 (of Kappāyana); DhsA.1; PvA.140; <i>--dhamma</i> that which is divine or a god A.III,277 <i>(°ika)</i>; DhA.III,74; <i>--dhītā</i> a female deva or angel (cp.devaputta),lit.daughter of a god J.II,57; VvA.137,153 (with ref.to Vimānapetīs); <i>--nagara</i> the city of the Devas,heaven J.I,168,202; DhA.I,280; <i>--nikāya</i> a class,community or group of gods,celestial state or condition D.II,261 (sixty enum<sup>d</sup>); S.IV,180; M.I,102 sq.; A.I,63 sq.; II,185; III,249 sq.; IV,55; V,18; <i>--pañha</i> questioning a god,using an oracle D.I,11 (=DA.I,97:devadāsiyā sarīre devataṃ otāretvā pañha-pucchanaṃ); <i>--parivāra</i> a retinue of gods A.II,91; <i>--parisā</i> the assembly of gods A.II,185; Tikp 241.<i>--putta</i> “son of a god,” a demi-god,a ministering god (cp.f.deva-dhītā),usually of Yakkhas,but also appl<sup>d</sup> to the 4 archangels having charge of the higher world of the Yāmā devā (viz.Suyāma devaputta); the Tusitā d.(Santusita d.); the Nimmānaratī d.(Sunimmita d.); &#38; the Paranimmitavasavattī d.(Vasavattī d.) D.I,217 sq.; cp.J.I,48.-- D.II,12,14; S.I,46 sq.; 216 sq.; IV,280; A.I,278; It.76; J.I,59 (jarā-jajjara); IV,100 (Dhamma d.); VI,239 (Java d.); PvA.6,9,55,92,113 (Yakkho ti devaputto); Miln.23; <i>--pura</i> the city of the gods,heaven S.IV,202; Vv 64<sup>30</sup> (=Sudassana-mahānagara VvA.285); J.IV,143; <i>--bhava</i> celestial existence PvA.167; <i>--bhoga</i> the wealth of the gods PvA.97; <i>--manussā</i> (pl.) gods &#38; men D.I,46,62≈,99 (°mānuse); M.II,38,55; Sn.14 (sa°),236 (°pūjita),521; It.80 (°seṭṭhā); Kh VIII,10; KhA 196; PvA.17,31,117; --°loka the world of gods and men.It comprises (1) the world of gods proper (Devas,i.e.Sakka,Māra &#38; Brahmā; corresp.to sammuti-devā,see above); (2) samaṇas &#38; brāhmaṇas (cp.visuddhi-devā); (3) gods &#38; men under the human aspect (gati,cp.upapatti-devā):Sn.1047,1063; expl.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 309 &#38; (with diff.interpretations) DA.I,174 sq.; <i>--yāna</i> leading to the (world of) the gods,i.e.the road to heaven Sn.139,also in <i>°yāniya</i> (magga) D.I,215; <i>--rājā</i> king of the devas,viz.Sakka Nd<sup>1</sup> 177; J.III,392 (=devinda); DhA.III,441; PvA.62; <i>--rūpa</i> divine appearance or form PvA.92; <i>--loka</i> the particular sphere of any devas,the seat of the devas,heaven; there exist 26 such spheres or heavens (see loka); when 2 are mentioned it refers to Sakka’s &#38; Brahma’s heavens.A seat in a devaloka is in saṃsāra attained by extraordinary merit:Dh.177; J.I,202,203; IV,273; ThA.74; KhA 228; PvA.5,9,21,66,81,89; Vism.415,etc.; <i>--vimāna</i> the palace of a deva J.I,58; VvA.173; <i>--saṅkhalikā</i> a magic chain J.II,128; V,92,94; <i>--sadda</i> heavenly sound or talk among the devas It.75 (three such sounds).(Page 329),4,1
  4135. 151067,en,15,devaka,devaka,Devaka,Devaka,(adj.) (-°) [deva+ka] belonging or peculiar to the devas; only in <i>sa°-loka</i> the world including the gods in general D.I,62; Nd<sup>2</sup> 309; Sn.86 377,443,760 etc.; Miln.234.See also devamanussa-loka.(Page 330),6,1
  4136. 151444,en,15,devara,devara,Devara,Devara,[Sk.devṛ &#38; devara Gr.da_ήr (*daivήr),Lat.levir,Ohg.zeihhur,Ags.tācor] husband’s brother,brotherin-law J.VI,152; Vv 32<sup>6</sup> (sa°),popularly expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.135 as “dutiyo varo ti vā devaro,bhattu kaniṭṭha bhātā.” (Page 330),6,1
  4137. 151558,en,15,devasika,devasika,Devasika,Devasika,(adj.) [Der.fr.divasa] daily J.V,383; DA.I,296 (°bhatta=bhattavetena); DhA.I,187 sq.,--nt.°ṃ as adv.daily,every day J.I,82,J.I,149,186; VvA.67,75; DhA.I,28; II,41.(Page 330),8,1
  4138. 151594,en,15,devata,devata,Devata,Devata,(adj.) (-°) having such &#38; such a god as one’s special divinity,worshipping,a worshipper of,devotee of Miln.234 (Brahma°+Brahma (garuka).-- f.<i>devatā</i> in pati° “worshipping the husband,” i.e.a devoted wife J.III,406; VvA.128.(Page 330),6,1
  4139. 151604,en,15,devata,devatā,Devatā,Devatā,(f.) [deva+tā,qualitative-abstr.suffix,like Lat.juventa,senecta,Goth.hauhipa,Ohg.fullida cp.Sk.pūrṇatā,bandhutā etc.] “condition or state of a deva,” divinity; divine being,deity,fairy.The term comprises all beings which are otherwise styled devas, &#38; a list of them given at Nd<sup>2</sup> 308 &#38; based on the principle that any being who is worshipped (or to whom an offering is made or a gift given:de-vatā=yesaṃ deti,as is expressed in the conclusion “ye yesaṃ dakkhiṇeyyā te tesaṃ devatā”) is a devatā,comprises 5 groups of 5 kinds each,viz.(1) ascetics; (2) domestic animals (elephants,horses,cows,cocks,crows); (3) physical forces &#38; elements (fire,stone etc.); (4) lower gods (:bhumma devā) (nāgā,suvaṇṇā,yakkhā,asurā,gandhabbā); (5) higher gods (:inhabitants of the devaloka proper) Mahārājā,Canda,Suriya,Inda,Brahmā),to which are added the 2 aspects of the sky-god as devadevatā &#38; disā-devatā).-- Another definition at VvA.21 simply states:devatā ti devaputto pi Brahmā pi devadhītā pi vuccati.-- Among the var.deities the foll.are frequently mentioned:<i>rukkha°</i> tree-gods or dryads M.I,306; J.I,221; PvA.5; <i>vatthu°</i> earth gods (the four kings) Pv 4<sup>1</sup>; PvA.17; <i>vana°</i> wood-nymphs M.I,306; <i>samudda°</i> water-sprites J.II,112 etc.etc.‹-› D.I,180 (mahiddhikā,pl.),192; II,8,87,139,158; S.I,sq.; IV,302; M.I,245; II,37; A.I,64,210,211; II,70 (sapubba°); III,77 (bali-paṭiggāhikā),287 (saddhāya samannāgatā); 309; IV,302 sq.,390 (vippaṭisāriniyo); V,331; Sn.45,316,458,995,1043; Dh.99; J.I,59,72,223,256; IV,17,474; Vv 16<sup>3</sup>; Pv.II,1<sup>10</sup>; KhA 113,117; PvA.44.<br><br> <i>--ânubhāva</i> divine power or majesty J.I,168; <i>--ânussati</i> “remembrance of the gods,” one of the 6 ânussatiṭṭhānāni,or subjects to be kept in mind D.III,250,280,cp.A.I,211; Vism.197.<i>--uposatha</i> a day of devotion to the gods A.I,211; <i>--paribhoga</i> fit to be enjoyed by gods J.II,104; <i>--bali</i> an offering to the gods A.II,68; <i>--bhāva</i> at PvA.110 read as devattabhāva (opp.petattabhāva).(Page 330),6,1
  4140. 151708,en,15,devati,devati,Devati,Devati,[div] to lament,etc.; see pari°.Cp.also parideva etc.(Page 330),6,1
  4141. 151734,en,15,devatta,devatta,Devatta,Devatta,(nt.) [deva+tta] the state of being a deva,divinity ThA.70; PvA.110 (°bhāva as Yakkha,opp.petatta bhāva; so read for devatā-bhāva).(Page 330),7,1
  4142. 151748,en,15,devattana,devattana,Devattana,Devattana,(nt.) [=last] state or condition of a deva Th.1,1127; cp.petattana in the foll.verse.(Page 330),9,1
  4143. 151934,en,15,deyya,deyya,Deyya,Deyya,(adj.) [Sk.deya,grd.of <em>dā</em>,see dadāti I.2,b] (a) to be given (see below).-- (b) deserving a gift,worthy of receiving alms J.III,12 (a°); Miln.87 (rāja°) --nt.a gift,offering Vin.I,298 (saddhā°).<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> a gift,lit.that which has the quality of being given; esp.a gift of mercy,meritorious gift S.I,175; A.I,150,166; II,264 (saddhā°); Pv.I,1<sup>1</sup>; II,3<sup>18</sup>; PvA.5,7 sq.,26,92 (°bīja),103,129; cp.AvŚ I.308.The deyyadhamma (set of gifts,that which it is or should be a rule to give) to mendicants,consists of 14 items,which are (as enum<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 523 under the old Brahman’s term yañña “sacrifice”) (1) cīvara,(2) piṇḍapāta,(3) senāsana,(4) gilāna-paccaya-bhesajja-parikkhāra,(5) anna,(6) pāna,(7) vattha,(8) yāna,(9) mālā,(10) gandhā,(11) vilepana,(12) seyya,(13) āvasatha,(14) padīpeyya.A similar enum<sup>n</sup> in diff.order is found at Nd<sup>1</sup> 373.(Page 329),5,1
  4144. 152012,en,15,dhaja,dhaja,Dhaja,Dhaja,[Sk.dhvaja,cp.Ohg.tuoh “cloth” (fr.*dwōko)] a flag,banner; mark,emblem,sign,symbol Vin.I,306 (titthiya°:outward signs of); II,22 (gihi°); S.I,42; II,280; A.II,51; III,84 sq.(panna°); M.I,139 (id.); A.III,149 (dhamma); J.I,52 (+patākā); VvA.173 (id.); J.I,65 (arahad °;)Th.I,961; J.V,49=Miln.221; J.V,509; VI,499; Nd<sup>1</sup> 170; Vv 36<sup>1</sup>,64<sup>28</sup> (subhāsita°=dhamma° VvA.284); Dhs.1116,1233; Vism.469 (+paṭȧka,in comparison); PvA.282; VvA.31,73; Miln.21; Sdhp.428,594.Cp.also panna.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> the top of a standard S.I,219; A.III,89 sq.; Pug.67,68; Vism.414 (°paritta).<i>--ālu</i> adorned with flags Th.1,164=J.II,334 (:dhajasampanna Com.); <i>--āhaṭa</i> won under or by the colours,taken as booty,captured Vin.III,139,140; Vism.63.<i>--baddha</i> captured (=°āhaṭa) Vin.I,74 (cora).(Page 334),5,1
  4145. 152104,en,15,dhajini,dhajinī,Dhajinī,Dhajinī,(f.) [Sk.dhvajinī,f.to adj.dhvajin] “bearing a standard,” i.e.an army,legion Sn.442 (=senā SnA 392).(Page 334),7,1
  4146. 152132,en,15,dhama,dhama,Dhama,Dhama,(-°) (adj.) [Sk.dhama,to dhamati] blowing,n.a blower,player (on a horn:saṅkha°) D.I,251; S.IV,322.(Page 335),5,1
  4147. 152144,en,15,dhamadhamayati,dhamadhamāyati,Dhamadhamāyati,Dhamadhamāyati,[cp.Sk.dadhmāti,Intens.to dhamati] to blow frequently,strongly or incessantly Miln.117.(Page 335),14,1
  4148. 152152,en,15,dhamaka,dhamaka,Dhamaka,Dhamaka,(-°) (adj.) one who blows Miln.31; see vaṃsa°,saṅkh°,singa°.(Page 335),7,1
  4149. 152195,en,15,dhamani,dhamani,Dhamani,Dhamani,(f.) [Sk.dhamani,to dhamati,orig.a tube for blowing,a tubular vessel,pipe] a vein Th.1,408.Usually in cpd.:<i>--santhata</i> strewn with veins,with veins showing,i.e.emaciated (:nimmaṃsa-lohitatāya sirājālehi vitthatagatta PvA.68) Vin.III,110; J.IV,371; V,69; Dh.395=Th.1,243=Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup>; Pv IV.10<sup>1</sup>; DhA.I,299,367; IV,157; ThA.80.So also in Jain Pk.“kisa dhamaṇisaṃtata”:Weber,Bhagavatī p.289; cp.Lal.Vist.226.-- Also as <i>°santhatagatta</i> (adj.) having veins showing all over the body for lack of flesh Vin.I,55; III,146; M.II,121; J.I,346,II.283; ThA.80.(Page 335),7,1
  4150. 152254,en,15,dhamati,dhamati,Dhamati,Dhamati,[Ved.dhamati,<i>dhmā</i>,pp.dhamita &#38; dhmāta,cp.Ohg.dampf “steam”] to blow,to sound (a drum); to kindle (by blowing),melt,smelt,singe A.I,254; IV,169; J.I,283,284; VI,441; Nd<sup>1</sup> 478; Miln.262.‹-› ppr.dhamāna S.I,106; Miln.67.-- Caus.dhameti to blow (an instrument) J.II,110; Miln.31,and dhamāpeti to cause to blow or kindle DhA.I,442.-- pp.<i>dhamanta </i>&<i> dhamanita</i> (the latter to dhvan,by which dhamati is influenced to a large extent in meaning.Cp.uddhana).(Page 335),7,1
  4151. 152320,en,15,dhamma,dhamma,Dhamma,Dhamma,<sup>3</sup> (adj.) [Sk.dhanvan] having a bow:see daḷha°; also as <i>dhammin</i> in daḷha° S.I,185 (see dhammin).(Page 339),6,1
  4152. 152321,en,15,dhamma,dhamma,Dhamma,Dhamma,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk.*dhārma,cp.dhammika] only in f.<i>--ī</i> in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>kathā:</i> relating to the Dhamma,viz.conversation on questions of Ethics,speaking about the Dh.,preaching,religious discourse,sermon.Either as dhammī kathā Vin.II,161; IV,56 &#38; in Instr.-Abl.dhammiyā kathāya (sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti saṃpahaṃseti:ster.formula) S.I,114,155,210,IV.122,PvA.30 etc.; or as cpd.<i>dhammī-kathā</i> D.II,1; M.I,161; Sn.325; &#38; <i>dhammi-kathā</i> S.I,155; PvA.38.(Page 339),6,1
  4153. 152322,en,15,dhamma,dhamma,Dhamma,Dhamma,<sup>1</sup> (m. &#38; rarely nt.) [Ved.dharma &#38; dharman,the latter a formation like karman (see kamma for expl<sup>n</sup> of subj. &#38; obj.meanings); <em>dhṛ</em> (see dhāreti) to hold,support:that which forms a foundation and upholds= constitution.Cp.Gr.qrόnos,Lat.firmus &#38; fretus; Lith.derme (treaty),cp.also Sk.dhariman form,constitution,perhaps=Lat.forma,E.form] constitution etc.A.Definitions by Commentators:Bdhgh gives a fourfold meaning of the word dhamma (at DA.I,99= DhA.I,22),viz.(1) guṇe (saddo),applied to good conduct; (2) desanāyaṃ,to preaching &#38; moral instruction; (3) pariyattiyaṃ,to the 9 fold collection of the Buddh.Scriptures (see navaṅga); (4) nissatte (-nijjīvate),to cosmic (non-animistic) law.-- No.1 is referred to freq.in expl<sup>s</sup> of the term,e.g.dhammiko ti ñāyena samena pavattatī ti DA.I,249; dhamman ti kāraṇaṃ ñāyaṃ PvA.211; as paṭipatti-dhamma at VvA.84; No.3 e.g.also at PvA.2.Another and more adequate fourfold definition by Bdhgh is given in DhsA.38,viz.(1) pariyatti,or doctrine as formulated,(2) hetu,or condition,causal antecedent,(3) guṇa,or moral quality or action,(4) nissatta-nijīvatā,or “the phenomenal” as opposed to “the substantial,” “the noumenal,” “animistic entity.” Here (2) is illustrated by hetumhi ñāṇa ‘dhammapaṭisambhidā:“analytic knowledge in dhamma’s means insight into condition,causal antecedent” Vibh 293,and see Niyama (dhamma°).Since,in the former fourfold definition (2) and (3) really constitute but one main implication considered under the two aspects of Doctrine as taught and Doctrine as formulated,we may interpret Dhamma by the fourfold connotation:--doctrine,right,or righteousness,condition,phenomenon.-- For other exegetic definitions see the Com<sup>s</sup> &#38; the Niddesa,e.g.Nd<sup>1</sup> 94; for modern expl<sup>s</sup> &#38; analyses see e.g.Rhys Davids,Buddh.India pp.292--4; Mrs.Rh.Davids,Buddhism (1912) pp.32 sq.,107 sq.,235 sq.; Dhs.trsl.XXXIII,sq.; and most recently the exhaustive monograph by M. &#38; W.Geiger,Pāli Dhamma.Abhandlungen der Bayer.Akademie XXXI.1; München 1920; which reached the editors too late to be made use of for the Dictionary.<br><br> B.Applications and Meaning.--1.Psychologically; “mentality” as the constitutive element of cognition &#38; of its substratum,the world of phenomena.It is that which is presented as “object” to the imagination &#38; as such has an effect of its own:--a presentation (Vorstellung),or idea,idea,or purely mental phenomenon as distinguished from a psycho-physical phenomenon,or sensation (re-action of sense-organ to sensestimulus).The mind deals with ideas as the eye deals with forms:it is the abstraction formed by mano,or mind proper,from the objects of sense presented by the sense-organ when reacting to external objects.Thus cakkhu “faculty of sight” corresponds to rūpa “relation of form” &#38; <i>mano</i> “faculty of thought” (citta &#38; ceto its organ or instrument or localisation) corresponds to dhamma “mentalized” object or “idea” (Mrs.Rh.D.“mental object in general,” also “state of mind”) -- (a) subjective:mental attitude,thought,idea,philosophy,truth, &#38; its recognition (anubodhi) by the Buddha,i.e.the Dhamma or worldwisdom=philosophy of the Buddha as contained &#38; expounded in the Dialogues of the 5 Nikāyas (see below C.) -- Note.The idea of dhamma as the interpreted Order of the World is carried further in the poetical quasi-personification of the Dh.with the phrase “dhammaja dh-nimmita dh-dāyāda” (born of the Norm,created by the Norm,heir of the Norm; see under cpds.and Dhammatā; also s.v.Niyama).That which the Buddha preached,the Dhamma kat) e)coxήn,was the order of law of the universe,immanent,eternal,uncreated,not as interpreted by him only,much less invented or decreed by him,but intelligible to a mind of his range,and by him made so to mankind as bodhi:revelation,awakening.The Buddha (like every great philosopher &#38; other Buddhas preceding Gotama:ye pi te ahesuṃ atītaṃ addhānaṃ Arahanto Sammāsambuddhā te pi dhammaṃ yeva sakkatvā S.I,140) is a discoverer of this order of the Dhamma,this universal logic,philosophy or righteousness (“Norm”),in which the rational &#38; the ethical elements are fused into one.Thus by recognition of the truth the knower becomes the incorporation of the knowable (or the sense of the universe=Dhamma) &#38; therefore a perfect man,one who is “truly enlightened” (sammā-sambuddha):so Bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti passaṃ passati cakkhu-bhūto ñāṇa-bhūto dhamma° brahma° &#38; in this possession of the truth he is not like Brahmā,but Brahmā himself &#38; the lord of the world as the “master of the Truth”:vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā Amatassa dātā dhammassāmī S.IV,94; &#38; similarly “yo kho Dhammaṃ passati so mam passati; yo mam passati so Dhammaṃ passati” =he who sees the Buddha sees the Truth S.III,120.Cp.with this also the dhamma-cakka idea (see cpds.).On equation Dhamma=Brahman see esp.Geiger,Dhamma pp.76--80,where is also discussed the formula Bhagavato putto etc.(with dhammaja for the brahmanic brahmaja).-- In later (Abhidhamma) literature the (dogmatic) personification of Dhamma occurs.See e.g.Tikp A 366.<br><br> As 6th sense-object “dhamma” is the counterpart of “mano”:manasā dhammaṃ viññāya “apperceiving presentations with the mind” S.IV,185 etc.(see formula under rūpa); mano-viññeyyā dhammā S.IV,73; cp.S.III,46; IV,3 sq.; V,74; D.III,226,245,269.Ranged in the same category under the anupassanā-formula (q.v.) “dhammesu dhamm-ânupassin” realising the mentality of mental objects or ideas,e.g.D.II,95,100,299; A.I,39,296; II,256; III,450; IV,301.Also as one of the 6 taṇhās “desire for ideas” D.III,244,280.-- As spirituality opposed to materiality in contrast of dh. &#38; āmisa:It.98 (°dāna:a mat. &#38; a spir.gift).-- (b) objective:substratum (of cognition),piece,constituent (=khandha),constitution; phenomenon,thing,“world,” cosmic order (as the expression of cosmic sense,as under a &#38; 2).Thus applied to the khandhas:vedanādayo tayo kh.DhA.I,35 (see Khandha B 3); to rūpa vedanā saññā saṅkhārā viññāna S.III,39;= saṅkhārā D.III,58,77,141.Freq.in formula <i>sabbe dhammā aniccā</i> (+dukkhā anattā:see nicca) “the whole of the visible world,all phenomena are evanescent etc.” S.III,132 sq. &#38; passim.<i>diṭṭhe</i> [va] <i>dhamme</i> in the phenomenal world (opp.samparāyika dh.the world beyond):see under diṭṭha (S.IV,175,205 etc.).-- ye dhammā hetuppabhavā tesaṃ hetuṃ Tathāgato āha “of all phenomena sprung from a cause the Buddha the cause hath told” Vin.I,40 (cp.Isā Upanishad 14).‹-› <i>lokadhammā</i> things of this world (viz.gain,fame,happiness etc.,see under lābha) D.III,260; Nd<sup>2</sup> 55.‹-› <i>uttari-manussa-dh°ā</i> transcendental,supernormal phenomena D.I,211,cp.D.III,4; abbhuta-dh°ā wonderful signs,portents Miln.8 (tayo acchariyā a.dh.pāturahesuṃ); PvA.2:hassa-khiḍḍhā-rati-dh.-samāpanna endowed with the qualities or things of mirth,play &#38; enjoyment D.I,19; III,31; gāma° things or doings of the village D.I,4 (cp.DA.I,72).<br><br> 2.Ratio-ethically-(a) objective:“rationality,” anything that is as it should be according to its reason &#38; logicality (as expressed under No.1 a),i.e.right property,sound condition,norm,propriety,constitution as conforming to No.1 in universal application i.e.Natural or Cosmic Law:yattha nāmañ ca rūpaṃ ca asesam uparujjhati,taṃ te dhammaṃ idhâññāya acchiduṃ bhavabandhanaṃ (recognising this law) S.I,35 cittacetasikā dh° ā a term for the four mental khandhas,and gradually superseding them Dhs.1022 (cf.Compendium of Philosophy,1); dasadhamma-vidū Vin.I,38 (see dasa); with <i>attha</i>,<i> nirutti</i> and <i>paṭibhāna:</i> one of the 4 Paṭisambhidās (branches of analytic knowledge A.II,160; Pṭs I.84,88 etc.; Vibh.293 f.,Points of Controversy,p.380.In this sense freq.--° as adj.:being constituted,having the inherent quality (as based on Natural Law or the rational constitution of the Universe),destined to be ...,of the (natural) property of ...,like (cp.Gr.--eidήs or E.--able,as in change-able=liable to change,also E.--hood,--ly &#38; P.--gata,--ṭhita),e.g.<i>khaya-</i>dhamma liable to decay (+vaya°,virāga°,nirodha°),with ref.to the Saṅkhāras S.IV,216 sq.; in the Paṭiccasamuppāda S.II,60; akkhaya imperishable Pv IV.1<sup>52</sup> (dānaṃ a-dh.atthu).<i>cavana°</i> destined to shift to another state of existence D.I,18; III,31; It.76; VvA.54.jāti-jarā-maraṇa° under the law of birth,age, &#38; death D.III,57; A.I,147; III,54; PvA.41 (sabbe sattā ...); <i>bhedana°</i> fragile (of kāya) D.I,76; S.I,71; PvA.41 (bhijjana° of saṅkhārā).vipariṇāma° changeable A.I,258; IV,157; PvA.60 (+anicca).<i>a°</i> unchanging D.III,31 sq.<i>samudaya° </i>&<i> nirodha°</i>,in formula yaṃ kiñci s-dh°ṃ sabban tan n-dh°ṃ “anything that is destined to come into existence must also cease to exist” D.I,110,180; S.IV,47 &#38; passim.Cp.further:anāvatti° avinipāta° D.I,156; III,107,132; A.I,232; II,89,238; IV,12; anuppāda° D.III,270.-- (b) subjective:“morality,” right behaviour,righteousness,practice,duty; maxim (cp.ṭhāna),constitution of character as conforming to No.1 in social application,i.e.Moral Law.-- Often in pl.:tenets,convictions,moral habits; &#38; as adj.that which is proper,that which forms the right idea; good,righteous,true; opp.adhamma false,unjust etc.; evil practice -- (a) Righteousness etc.:S.I,86 (eko dh.one principle of conduct; II,280 (dh.isinaṃ dhajo:righteousness is the banner of the Wise); kusala dh.D.I,224; dhamme ṭhita righteous Vv 16<sup>8</sup>; ñāti° duty against relatives PvA.30; deyya°= dāna PvA.9,70; sad° faith (q.v.) -- opp.<i>adhamma</i> unrighteousness,sin A.II,19; V,73 sq.; D.III,70 (°rāga+ visama-lobha &#38; micchā-dhamma); Pv III,9<sup>6</sup> (°ṃ anuvattisaṃ I practised wrong conduct).- In the same sense:dh.asuddho Vin.I,5=S.I,137 (pāturahosi Magadhesu pubbe dh.a.); pāpa° (adj.) of evil conduct Vin.I,3; aṭṭhita° unrighteous D.III,133; lobha° greedy quality D.I,224,230; methuna dh.fornication D.III,133.-- (b) (pl.) Tenets,practices etc.-- (aa) good:kusalā dh.D.II,223,228; III,49,56,82,102 etc.; S.II,206; sappurisa° A.V,245,279; PvA.114; samaṇa° Wanderer’s practice or observances DhA.II,55.brāhmaṇakaraṇā D.I,244; yesaṃ dh°ānaṃ Gotamo vaṇṇavādin D.I,206; cp.sīlaṃ samādhi paññā ca vimutti ca anuttarā:anubuddhā ime dhammā Gotamena yasassinā D.II,123.dhammānaṃ sukusalo perfect in all (these) qualities D.I,180; samāhite citte dhammā pātubhavanti “with composed mind appear true views” S.IV,78; dhammesu patiṭṭhito S.I,185; ananussutesu dh°esu cakkhuṃ udapādi “he visualized undiscovered ideas” S.II,9.‹-› (bb) evil:āvaraṇīyā S.IV,104; pāpakā Vin.I,8; D.I,70; A.I,202; akusalā D.III,56,57,73,91 etc.; lobha°,dosa°,moha° S.I,70=It.45=Nd<sup>2</sup> 420; S.I,43; M.III,40; dukkhavipākā vodanīyā saṅkilesikā ponobbhavikā D.I,195; III,57.-- (cc) various:gambhīrā duddasā etc.Vin.I,4; D.I,12; S.I,136; -- Cp.S.II,15,26; Nd<sup>2</sup> 320; It.22,24; Ps.I,5,22,28; Vbh.105,228,293 sq.etc.etc.-- (g) (adj.) good,pious,virtuous etc.:adhammo nirayaṃ neti dhammo pāpeti suggatiṃ “the sinners go to niraya,the good to heaven” Th.1,304=DA.I,99=DhsA.38= DhA.I,22.kalyāṇa° virtuous A.I,74,108; II,81,91,224 sq.; PvA.13.Opp.pāpa° Vin.III,90; cp.above a.-- (d) (phrases).Very freq.used as adv.is the Instr.<i>dhammena</i> with justice,justly,rightly,fitly,properly Vin.I,3; D.I,122; S.IV,331; Vv 34<sup>19</sup> (=kāraṇena ñāyena vā VvA); Pv.II,9<sup>30</sup> (=yutten’eva kāraṇena PvA.125,as just punishment); IV,16<sup>9</sup> (=anurūpakāraṇena PvA.286).Esp.in phrase of the cakkavattin,who rules the world according to justice:adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena anusāsati (or ajjhāvasati) D.I,89; II,16; S.I,236=Sn.1002; cp.Sn.554 (dhammena cakkaṃ vattemi,of the Buddha).Opp.<i>adhammena</i> unjustly,unfitly,against the rule Vin.IV,37; S.I,57; IV,331; DA.I,236.-- <i>dhamme</i> (Loc.) honourably J.II,159.‹-› dhammaṃ carati to live righteously Pv.II,3<sup>34</sup>; see also below C 3 &#38; dh.-cariyā.<br><br> C.The Dhamma,i.e.moral philosophy,wisdom,truth as propounded by Gotama Buddha in his discourses &#38; conversations,collected by the compilers of the 5 Nikāyas (dhamma-vinayaṃ saṅgāyantehi dhammasaṅgāhakehi ekato katvā VvA.3; cp.mayaṃ dh.°ṃ ca vinayañ ca saṅgāyāma Vin.II,285),resting on the deeper meaning of dhamma as expl<sup>d</sup> under B 1 a, &#38; being in short the “doctrinal” portions of the Buddhist Tipiṭaka in contradiction to the Vinaya,the portion expounding the rules of the Order (see piṭaka).Dhamma as doctrine is also opposed to Abhidhamma “what follows on the Dhamma.” -- (1) Dhamma and Vinaya,“wisdom &#38; discipline,” as now found in the 2 great Piṭakas of the B.Scriptures,the Vinaya and SuttantaPiṭaka (but the expression “Piṭako” is later.See Piṭaka).Thus bhikkhū suttantikā vinaya-dharā dhamma kathikā,i.e.“the bhikkhus who know the Suttantas,remember the Vinaya &#38; preach the Word of the Buddha” Vin.II,75 (≈I.169),cp.IV.67.Dhamma &#38; Vinaya comb<sup>d</sup>:yo ‘haṃ evaṃ svâkkhāte Dh-vinaye pabbajito S.I,119; bhikkhu na evarūpiṃ kathaṃ kattā hoti:na tvaṃ imaṃ Dh-v°ṃ ājānāsi,ahaṃ imaṃ Dh-v°ṃ ājānāmi etc.S.III,12; imaṃ Dh-v°ṃ na sakkomi vitthārena ācikkhituṃ S.I,9; samaṇā ...imasmiṃ Dh-v°e gādhanti S.III,59.-- Thus in var.cpds.(see below),as Dh-dhara (+V-dh.) one who knows both by heart; Dh-vādin (+V-v.) one who can recite both,etc.-- See e.g.the foll.passages:Vin.II,285 (dh.ca v.ca pariyatta),304; III,19,90; D.I,8,176,229; II,124 (ayaṃ Dh.ayaṃ V.idaṃ Satthu-sāsanaṃ); III,9,12,28,118 sq.; S.I,9,119,157; II,21,50,(dh-vinaye assāsa); A.III,297 (id.); S.II,120; III,91; IV,43 sq.,260; A.I,34,121,185,266; II,2,26,117,168; III,8,168 sq.; IV,36,200 sq.; V,144,163,192; It.112; Sn.p.102; Ud.50.‹-› 2.Dhamma,Buddha,Saṅgha.On the principle expl<sup>d</sup> in Note on B 1 a rests the separation of the personality of the teacher from that which he taught (the “Doctrine,” the “Word,” the Wisdom or Truth,cp.Dhamma-kāyo Tathāgatassa adhivacanaṃ D.III,84).A person becoming a follower of the B.would conform to his teaching (Dh.) &#38; to the community (“Church”; Saṅgha) by whom his teaching was handed down.The formula of Initiation or membership is therefore threefold,viz.Buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ upemi (gacchāmi),Dh.°ṃ ...,Saṅghaṃ ...i.e.I put myself into the shelter of the B.,the Dh. &#38; the S.(see further ref.under Saṅgha) S.I,34 (Buddhe pasannā Dhamme ca Saṅghe tibbagāravā:ete sagge pakāsenti yattha te upapajjare,i.e.those who adore the B. &#38; his Church will shine in Heaven); D.II,152 sq.,202 sq.,352; S.IV,270 sq.(°saraṇagamana); DhA.I,206; PvA.1 (vande taṃ uttamaṃ Dh.°ṃ,B °ṃ,S °ṃ).Cp.Satthari,Dhamme,Saṅghe kaṅkhati,as 3 of the ceto-khilā A.III,248≈.--3.Character of the Dhamma in var.attributes,general phraseology.-- The praise of the Dh.is expressed in many phrases,of which only a few of the more frequent can be mentioned here.Among the most famous is that of “dhammaṃ deseti ādi-<i>kalyāṇaṃ</i> majjhe-k°,pariyosāna-k°,etc.“beautiful in the beginning,beautiful in the middle &#38; beautiful in the end,” e.g.D.I,62; S.I,105; IV,315; A.II,147,208; III,113 sq.,135,262; D.III,96,267; Nd<sup>2</sup> 316; It.79; VvA.87.It is welcome as a friend,beautifully told, &#38; its blessings are immediate:<i>sv’akkhāta</i>,<i> sandiṭṭhika</i>,<i> akālika</i>,<i> ehipassika</i> etc.D.II,93; III,5,39,45,102; S.I,9,117; II,199; IV,271; A.III,285 etc.It is <i>mahā-</i>dh.S.IV,128; <i>ariya°</i> S.I,30; A.V,241,274; Sn.783; <i>sammā°</i> S.I,129.It is likened to a splendid palace on a mountain-top Vin.I,5=It.33,or to a quiet lake with sīla as its banks S.I,169=183; and it is above age &#38; decay:satan ca dhammo na jaram upeti S.I,71.Whoever worships the Dh.finds in this worship the highest gratification:diyo loke sako putto piyo loke sako pati,tato piyatarā ...dhammassa magganā S.I,210; ye keci ariyadhamme khantiyā upetā ...devakāyaṃ paripūressanti S.I,30.Dh.°ṃ garukaroti D.III,84.Opp.Dhamme agārava A.III,247,340; IV,84:the slanderers of the Dh.receive the worst punishment after death S.I,30 (upenti Roruvaṃ ghoraṃ).-- Var.phrases:to find the truth (i.e.to realize intuitively the Dh.)=dh°ṃ anubodhati D.II,113; S.I,137,or vindati D.I,110,148.To expound the Dh.,teach the truth,talk about problems of ethics &#38; philosophy:dh°ṃ deseti Vin.IV,134; S.I,210 etc.; katheti PvA.41; bhāsati Vin.I,101; bhaṇati Vin.I,169; pakāseti S.II,28; IV,121.To hear the Dh.,to listen to such an exposition:dh°ṃ suṇāti S.I,114,137,196,210; A.I,36; III,163; DhA.III,81,113.To attain full knowledge of it:dh °ṃ pariyāpuṇāti A.II,103,185; III,86,cp.177 &#38; °pariyatti.To remember the Dh.:dhāreti A.III,176 (for details of the 5 stages of the Dh.-accomplishment); to ponder over the Dh.,to study it:dh °ṃ viciṇāti S.I,34=55,214; A.IV,3 sq.To enter a relation of discipleship with the Dh.:dh °ṃ saraṇaṃ gacchati (see above 2) Pv IV.3<sup>48</sup>; dhammaṃ saraṇatthaṃ upehi Vv 53<sup>2</sup> (cp.VvA.232).‹-› See further Ps.I,34,78,131; II,159 sq.; Pug.58,66; Vbh.293 sq.,329; Nett 11,15,31,83,112; &#38; cp.cpds.-- 4.Dhamma and anudhamma.Childers interprets anudhamma with “lesser or inferior dhamma,” but the general purport of the Nikāya passages seems to be something like “in conformity with,in logical sequence to the dhamma” i.e.lawfulness,righteousness,reasonableness,truth (see KS.II,202; Geiger,Pāli Dhamma pp.115--118).It occurs (always with Dh.) in the foll.contexts:dhammassa c’ânudh °ṃ vyākaroti “to explain according to the truth of the Dhamma” D.I,161; III,115; Ud.50; dhammassa hoti anudhammacārin “walking in perfect conformity to the Dh.” A.II,8; dh.-anudh °ṃ ācaranti id.D.III,154; dh.-anudh° paṭipanna “one who has reached the complete righteousness of the Dh.” D.II,224; III,119; S.III,40 sq.; It.81; A.III,176 (where it forms the highest stage of the Dhammaknowledge,viz.(1) dh °ṃ suṇāti; (2) pariyāpuṇāti; (3) dhāreti; (4) atthaṃ upaparikkhati; (5) dh-anudh °ṃ paṭipajjati).Further in series bahussuta,dhammadhara,dh-anudh°-paṭipanna D.II,104; S.V,261; A.II,8; Ud.63; also in dhamma-kathika,dh-anudh°-paṭi panna,diṭṭha-dhamma-nibbāna-patta S.II,18=114= III,163; &#38; in atthaṃ aññāya,dhammaṃ aññāya,dhanudh°-paṭipanna A.I,36; II,97.<br><br> <i>--akkhāna</i> discussing or preaching of the Dhamma Nd<sup>1</sup> 91; <i>--atthadesanā</i> interpretation of the Dh.Miln.21; <i>--âdhikaraṇa</i> a point in the Dh.S.IV,63=V.346; <i>--âdhipa</i> Lord of righteousness (+anudhamma-cārin) A.I,150; cp.°ssāmi; nt.abstr.<i>°âdhipateyya</i> the dominating influence of the Dh.A.I,147 sq.; D.III,220; Miln.94; Vism.14.<i>--ânudhamma</i> see above C 4; <i>--anuvattin</i> acting in conformity with the moral law Dh.86,cp.DhA.II,161; <i>--ânusārin</i> of righteous living D.III,105,254 (+saddhā°); M.I,226,479; A.I,74; IV,215; IV,23; S.V,200; Pug.15; Nett 112,189; <i>--anvaya</i> main drift of the faith,general conclusions of the Dh.,D.II,83= III,100; M.II,120; <i>--abhisamaya</i> understanding of the Truth,conversion to the Dhamma [cp.dharmâbhisamaya Divy 200] S.II,134 (+dh.-cakkhu-paṭilābha):Pug.41; Miln.20; DhA.I,27; IV,64; PvA.31 etc.; <i>--âmata</i> the nectar of righteousness or the Dh.Miln.22 (°meghena lokaṃ abhitappayanto),346; <i>--ādāsa</i> the mirror of the Dhamma D.II,93 (name of an aphorism) S.V,357 (id.); Th.1,395; ThA.179; <i>--āyatana</i> the field of objects of ideation S.II,72; Dhs.58,66,147,397,572,594; Vbh.70,72 sq.; <i>--ārammaṇa:</i> dh.as an object of ideation Dhs.146,157,365; cp.Dhs.trsl.2; <i>--ārāma</i> “one who has the Dh.as his pleasure-ground,” one who rejoices in the Dh.A.III,431; It.82 (+dh-rata); Sn.327; Dh.364,cp.DhA.IV,95; <i>--ālapana</i> using the proper address,a fit mode of addressing a person as followed by the right custom.See Dial.I.193--196; J.V,418; <i>--āsana</i> “the Dh-seat,” i.e.flat piece of stone or a mat on which a priest sat while preaching J.I,53; DhA.II,31; <i>--ûposatha</i> the fast day prescribed by the Dh.A.I,208; <i>--okkā</i> the torch of Righteousness J.I,34; <i>--oja</i> the essence or sap of the Dh.S.V,162; DhA.IV,169; <i>--osadha</i> the medicine of the Dh.Miln.110,335.<i>--kathā</i> ethical discussion,fit utterance,conversation about the Dh.,advice D.III,151; J.I,217; VvA.6; PvA.50,66; <i>--kathika</i> (adj.) one who converses about ethical problems,one who recites or preaches the Dh.,one who speaks fitly or properly.Often in combn.with Vinaya-dhara “one who masters (knows by heart) the Vinaya,” &#38; bahussuta “one who has a wide knowledge of tradition”:Vin.IV,10,13,141; A.III,78; DhA.II,30; also with suttantika “one who is versed in the Suttantas”:Vin.I,169; II,75; IV,67.The ability to preach the Dh.is the first condition of one who wishes to become perfected in righteousness (see dhamm-ânudhamma,above C 4):S.II,18,114=III,163; M.III,40.-- A.I,25 sq.; II,138; Pug.42; J.I,217; IV,2 (°thera).Cp.also AvŚ II.81; <i>--kathikatta</i> (nt.) speaking about the Dh.; preaching M.III,40; A.I,38 (+vinayadhara-katta); <i>--kamma</i> a legally valid act,or procedure in accordance with the Rules of the Order Vin.IV,37,136,232; A.I,74 (+vinaya°); a° an illegal act Vin.IV,232; A.I,74; <i>--karaka</i> a proper or regulation (standard) water-pot,i.e.a pot with a filter for straining water as it was used by ascetics Vin.II,118,177,301; J.I,395; VI,331; DhA.III,290,452; VvA.220 (not °karaṇena); PvA.185; Miln.68; <i>--kāma</i> a lover of the Dh.D.III,267; A.V,24,27,90,201; Sn.92.<i>--kāya</i> having a body according to the Norm (the dhammatā of bodies).See Bdhgh as translated in Dial.III,ad Loc.; having a normal body (sic Bdhgh,esp.of the B.D.III,84; <i>--ketu</i> the standard of the Dh.,or Dh.as standard A.I,109=III,149; <i>--khan-</i> <i>dha</i> the (4) main portions or articles of the Dh.(sīla,samādhi,paññā,vimutti) D.III,229; cp.Sp.AvŚ II.155; <i>--gaṇa</i> a body of followers of the Dh.PvA.194; <i>--gaṇḍikā</i> (better gaṇṭhikā,q v.) a block of justice,i.e.of execution J.I,150,151; II,124; VI,176; V,303; <i>--garu</i> worshipping the Dh.S.IV,123; DhA.I,17 (°ka); <i>--gariya</i> a kind of acrobatic tumbler,lit.excellent t.(+brahma°) Miln.191; <i>--gu</i> one who knows the Dh.(analogous to vedagu) J.V,222; VI,261; <i>--gutta</i> protecting the Dh.or protected by the Dh.(see gutta) S.I,222; J.V,222 (+dhpāla); <i>--ghosaka</i> (-kamma) praise of the Dh.DhA.III,81; <i>--cakka</i> the perfection or supreme harmony of righteousness (see details under cakka),always in phrase dhcakkaṃ pavatteti (of the Buddha) “to proclaim or inaugurate the perfect state or ideal of universal righteousness” Vin.I,8=M.I,171; Vin.I,11; S.I,191; III,86; Sn.556,693; Miln.20,343; DhA.I,4; VvA.165; PvA.2,67 etc.; besides this also in simile at S.I,33 of the car of righteousness; <i>--cakkhu</i> “the eye of wisdom,” perception of the law of change.Freq.in the standing formula at the end of a conversation with the Buddha which leads to the “opening of the eyes” or conversion of the interlocutor,viz.“virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhcakkhuṃ udapādi” D.I,86,110; II,288; S.IV,47; A.IV,186; Vin.I,11,16,40 etc.Expl.at DA.I,237:dhammesu vā cakkhuṃ dhammamayaṃ vā cakkhuṃ.Cp.S.II,134 (°paṭiĺābha;+dhammâbhisamaya); Dial.I.184; II,176; <i>--cariyā</i> walking in righteousness,righteous living,observance of the Dh.,piety (=dānādi-puññapaṭipatti VvA.282) S.I,101 (+samacariyā kusalakiriyā); A.II,5; III,448; V,87,302; Sn.263 (=kāyasucaritâdi° SnA.309),274 (+brahma°).a° evil way of living A.I,55 (+visama-cariyā); <i>--cārin</i> virtuous,dutiful M.I,289; II,188; Dh.168; Miln.19 (+samacārin); <i>--cetiya</i> a memorial in honour of the Dh.M.II,124; <i>--chanda</i> virtuous desire (opp.kāma°) DhsA.370; Vbh.208; <i>--ja</i> born of the Dh.(see above,Note on B 1 a),in formula “Bhagavato putto oraso dh-jo,dh-nimmito,dh.dāyādo” (the spiritual child of the Buddha) D.III,84=S.II,221; It.101; <i>--jāla</i> “net of the Dh.,” name of a discourse (cp.°ādāsa &#38; pariyāya) D.I,46; <i>--jīvin</i> living righteously It.108; Dh.24 (=dhammenā samena DhA.I,239); <i>--ññū</i> one who knows the Dh.J.VI,261; <i>--ṭṭha</i> standing in the Law,just,righteous S.I,33 (+sīlasampanna); Sn.749; J.III,334; IV,211; ThA.244,<i>--ṭṭhita</i>=°ṭṭha D.I,190; <i>--ṭṭhiti°</i> having a footing in the Dh.S.II,60,124,cp.°ṭṭhitatā:establishing of causes and effects S.II,25; <i>--takka</i> right reasoning Sn.1107 (=sammāsaṅkappa Nd<sup>2</sup> 318); <i>--dāna</i> gift of; <i>--dāyāda</i> heir of the Dh.; spiritual heir (cp.above note on B 1 a) D.III,84; S.II,221; M.I,12; III,29; It.101; <i>--dīpa</i> the firm ground or footing of the Dh.(usually comb<sup>d</sup> with atta-dīpa:having oneself as one’s refuge,self-dependent) D.II,100; III,58,77; S.V,154; <i>--desanā</i> moral instruction,exposition of the Dh.Vin.I,16; D.I,110 etc.(see desanā); <i>--dessin</i> a hater of the Dh.Sn.92; <i>--dhaja</i> the banner of the Dh.A.I,109= III,149; Nd<sup>2</sup> 503; Miln.21; <i>--dhara</i> (adj.) one who knows the Dh.(by heart); see above C 4.Comb<sup>d</sup> w.Vinayadhara Vin.I,127,337; II,8; A.I,117, &#38; bahussuta (ibid).Sn.58 (cp.SnA 110).-- See also A.III,361 sq.,IV.310; Nd<sup>2</sup> 319; <i>--dhātu</i> the mental object considered as irreducible element Dhs.58,67,147 etc.; Vbh.87,89 (see above B 1); an ultimate principle of the Dh.,the cosmic law D.II,8; M.I,396; S.II,143 sq.; Nett 64 sq.; Vism.486 sq.<i>--dhāraṇa</i> knowledge of the Dh.M.II,175; <i>--nāṭaka</i> a class of dancing girls having a certain duty J.V,279; <i>--nimmita</i> see °ja; <i>--niyāma</i> belonging to the order of the Norm D.I,190; DA.on D.II,12:dhammatā; (°ka); <i>--niyāmatā</i>,certainty,or orderliness of causes and effects S.II,25; Points of Controversy,387; <i>--netti</i>= niyāma Miln.328; DA.I,31; cp.Sk.dharmanetrī M Vastu II.357; III,234,238; <i>--pajjota</i> the lamp of the Dh.Miln.21; <i>--pada</i> (nt.) a line or stanza of the Dhamma,a sentence containing an ethical aphorism; a portion or piece of the Dh.In the latter meaning given as 4 main subjects,viz.anabhijjhā,avyāpāda,sammā-sati,sammā-samādhi D.III,229; A.II,29 sq.(in detail); Nett 170.-- S.I,22 (dānā ca kho dh-padaṃ va seyyo).202 (dh-padesu chando); A.II,185; Sn.88 (dh-pade sudesite=nibbāna-dhammassa padattā SnA 164); J.III,472 (=nibbāna); DhA.III,190 (ekaṃ dh-padaṃ).As Np.title of a canonical book,included in the Khuddaka Nikāya; <i>--pamāṇa</i> measuring by the (teaching of) Dh.Pug.53; DhA.III,114 (°ikāni jātisatāni); <i>--pariyatti</i> attainment of or accomplishment in the Dh.,the collection of the Dh.in general A.III,86 (w.ref.to the 9 aṅgas,see navaṅga); <i>--pariyāya</i> a short discourse,or a verse,or a poem,with a moral or a text; usually an exposition of a single point of doctrine D.I,46; II,93; III,116; M.I,445; Vin.I,40 (a single verse); A.I,65; IV,63 (a poem Sn.190--218,where also it is called a dh°pariyāyo); A.V,288,291.Such a dh°pariyāya had very often a special name.Thus Brahmajāla,the Wondrous Net D.I,46; Dhammādāso dh°p°,the Mirror of the Law D.II,93=S.V,357; Sokasallaharaṇa,Sorrow’s dart extractor A.III,62; Ādittap° dh°p°,the Red-hot lancet S.IV,168; Lomahaṃsana° M.I,83; Dhammatā-dhamma° Miln.193,etc.<i>--pāla</i> guardian of the Law or the Dh.J.V,222,freq.also as Np.; <i>--pīti</i> (-rasa) the sweetness of drinking in the Dh.(pivaṃ) Sn.257; Dh.79 (=dhammapāyako dhammaṃ pivanto ti attho DhsA.II,126); <i>--bhaṇḍāgārika</i> treasurer of the Dh.,an Ep.of Ānanda Th.1,1048; J.I,382,501; II,25; DhA.III,250; PvA.2.<i>--bhūta</i> having become the Dh.; righteousness incorporated,said of the Buddhas D.III,84.Usually in phrase (Bhagavā) cakkhu-bhūta ...dh-bhūta brahmabhūta A.V,226 sq.(cp.cakkhu); Th.1,491; see also above,note B 1 a; <i>--bheri</i> the drum of the Dh.Miln.21; <i>--magga</i> the path of righteousness Sn.696; Miln.21; <i>--maya</i> made (built) of the Dh.(pāsāda) S.I,137; <i>--yanta</i> the (sugar-) mill of the Dh.(fig.) Miln.166.<i>--yāna</i> the vehicle of the Law (the eightfold Noble Path) S.V,5; <i>--rakkhita</i> rightly guarded Sn.288; <i>--rata</i> fond of the Law Sn.327; Dh.364; DhA.IV,95; cp.dh.-[gatā]rati Th.I,742; Dhp.354; <i>--rasa</i> taste of Dhp.354; <i>--rājā</i> king of righteousness,Ep.of the Buddha S.I,33=55; D.I,88 (of a cakkavatti); A.I,109; III,149; Sn.554; J.I,262; interpreted by Bdhgh at DA.I,249 as “dhammena rajjaṃ labhitvā rājā jāto ti”=a king who gained the throne legitimately; <i>--laddha</i> one who has acquired the Dh.,holy,pious S.II,21; J.III,472; justly acquired (bhogā) Sn.p.87; <i>--vara</i> the best of truths or the most excellent Doctrine Sn.233,234; <i>--vādin</i> speaking properly,speaking the truth or according to the Doctrine Vin.II,285; III,175 (+Vinaya-vādin); D.III,135 (id.); D.I,4,95 (of Gotama; DA.I,76:nava-lokuttara-dhamma sannissitaṃ katvā vadati); S.IV,252; A.I,75; II,209; <i>--vicaya</i> investigation of doctrine,religious research Dhs.16,20,90,309,333,555; Vbh.106; Vism.132; <i>--vitakka</i> righteous thought A.I,254; <i>--vidū</i> one who understands the Dh.,an expert in the Dh.J.V,222; VI,261; <i>--vinicchaya</i> righteous decision,discrimination of the truth Sn.327; Dh.144; DhA.III,86; <i>--vihārin</i> living according to the Dh.A.III,86 sq.; <i>--saṃvibhāga</i> sharing out or distribution of the Dh.,i.e.spiritual gifts It.98 (opp.āmisa° material gifts); <i>--saṅgāhaka</i> a compiler of the sacred scriptures,a diaskeuastήs VvA.3,169; <i>--saññā</i> righteous thought,faith,piety PvA.3; <i>--sabhā</i> a hall for the discussion of the Dh.,a chapel,meetinghouse J.VI,333; DhA.I,31; II,51; IV,91; PvA.38,196; <i>--samaya</i> a meeting where the Dh.is preached S.I,26; <i>--samādāna</i> acquisition of the Dh.,which is fourfold as discussed at M.I,305; D.III,229; <i>--saraṇa</i> relying on or putting one’s faith in the Dh.(see above C 3) D.III,58,77; S.V,154; <i>--savana</i> hearing the preaching of the Dh.,“going to church” Vin.I,101; M.II,175; A.II,248,381; IV,361; Sn.265; DhA.III,190; <i>--sākaccha</i> conversation about the Dh.Sn.266; <i>--ssāmi</i> Lord of the Truth,Ep.of the Buddha (see above B 1 a note) S.IV,94; <i>--sāra</i> the essence of the Dh.S.V,402; <i>--sārathi</i> in purisa-dh.-s° at D.I,62 misprint for purisa-damma-s°; <i>--sārin</i> a follower of the Dh.S.I,170; <i>--sudhammatā</i> excellency of the Dh.S.II,199; Th.1,24,220,270,286; <i>--senāpati</i> “captain of the Dhamma,” Ep.of Sāriputta Th.1,1083; J.I,408; Miln.343; DhA.III,305; VvA.64,65,158; <i>--soṇḍatā</i> thirst after justice J.V,482; <i>--sota</i> the ear of the Dh.S.II,43.(Page 335),6,1
  4154. 153422,en,15,dhammani,dhammani,Dhammani,Dhammani,only found in S.I,103,where the Comy.takes it as a locative,and gives,as the equivalent,“in a forest on dry land” (araññe thale).Cp.Kindred Sayings I.129,n.2.(Page 339),8,1
  4155. 154582,en,15,dhammata,dhammatā,Dhammatā,Dhammatā,(f.) [Sk.dharmitā] conformity to the Dhammaniyāma (see niyāma),fitness,propriety; a general rule,higher law,cosmic law,general practice,regular phenomenon,usual habit; often used in the sense of a finite verb:it is a rule,it is proper,one should expect S.I,140 (Buddhānaṃ dh.the law of the B.’s i.e.as one is wont to expect of the B.s),215 (su°); IV,216 sq.(khaya° etc.); D.II,12; A.II,36 (kusala°); V,46; Th.1,712; J.I,245; II,128; Nett 21,50,cp.Miln.179; PvA.19; VvA.7.See also AvŚ Index.(Page 339),8,1
  4156. 154652,en,15,dhammatta,dhammatta,Dhammatta,Dhammatta,(nt.) [Sk.*dharmatvaṃ] liability to be judged Vin.II,55 ( &#38; a°).(Page 339),9,1
  4157. 155018,en,15,dhammi,dhammī,Dhammī,Dhammī,in °kathā see dhamma<sup>2</sup>.(Page 339),6,1
  4158. 155032,en,15,dhammika,dhammika,Dhammika,Dhammika,(adj.) [=Sk.dharmya,cp.dhammiya] lawful,according to the Dh.or the rule; proper,fit,right; permitted,legitimate,justified; righteous,honourable,of good character,just,esp.an attr.of a righteous King (rājā cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā) D.I,86; II,16; A.I,109=III,149; J.I,262,263; def.by Bdhgh as “dhammaṃ caratī ti dh.” (DA.I,237) &#38; “dhammena caratī ti dh.,ñāyena samena pavattalī ti” (ib.249).‹-› Vin.IV,284; D.I,103; S.II,280 (dhammikā kathā); III,240 (āhāra); IV,203 (dhammikā devā,adh° asurā); A.I,75; III,277; Sn.404; DhA.II,86 (dohaḷa); IV,185 (°lābha); PvA.25 (=suddha,manohara).Also as <i>saha-dh°</i> (esp.in conn.w.pañha,a justified,reasonable,proper question:D.I,94; S.IV,299 in detail) Vin.IV,141; D.I,161; III,115; A.I,174.-- <i>a°</i> unjust,illegal etc.Vin.IV,285; S.IV,203; A.III,243.(Page 339),8,1
  4159. 155140,en,15,dhammilla,dhammilla,Dhammilla,Dhammilla,[Sk.dhammilla] the braided hair of women Dāvs.IV,9.(Page 339),9,1
  4160. 155143,en,15,dhammin,dhammin,Dhammin,Dhammin,<sup>2</sup> (-°) only in <i>daḷha-dh°</i>,which is customarily taken as a der<sup>n</sup> from dhanu,bow=having a strong bow (see dhamma<sup>3</sup>); although some passages admit interpretation as “of strong character or good practice,” e.g.S.I,185.(Page 339),7,1
  4161. 155144,en,15,dhammin,dhammin,Dhammin,Dhammin,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Sk.dharmin] only --°:having the nature or quality of,liable to,consisting in,practising,acting like,etc.(as °dhamma B 2 a),viz.uppāda-vaya° D.II,157; maraṇa° (=maraṇadhamma) A.I,147; pāpa° Pv.I,11<sup>7</sup> of evil nature.(Page 339),7,1
  4162. 155154,en,15,dhammiya,dhammiya,Dhammiya,Dhammiya,(adj.) [Sk.dharmya; cp.dhammika] in accordance with the Dhamma PvA.242 (also <i>a°</i>); Vism.306 (°lābha).(Page 339),8,1
  4163. 155276,en,15,dhamsana,dhaṃsana,Dhaṃsana,Dhaṃsana,(n.-adj.) [Sk.dharṣana] destroying,bringing to ruin,only in kula° as v.l.to kula-gandhana (q.v.) at It.64,and in <i>dhaṃsanatā</i> at DhA.III,353 in expl<sup>n</sup> of dhaṃsin (q.v.).(Page 334),8,1
  4164. 155286,en,15,dhamsati,dhaṃsati,Dhaṃsati,Dhaṃsati,[Ved.dhvaṃsati to fall to dust,sink down,perish; Idg.<i>dheǔes</i> to fly like dust,cp.Sk.dhūsara “dusky”; Ags.dust; Ger.dust &#38; dunst; E.dusk &#38; dust; prob.also Lat.furo] to fall from,to be deprived of (c.Abl.),to be gone D.III,184 (with Abl.asmā lokā dh.) A.II,67; V,76,77; It.11; Th.1,225,610; J.III,260,318,441,457; IV,611; V,218,375.-- Caus.<i>dhaṃseti</i> [Sk.dhvaṃsayati,but more likely=Sk.dharṣayati (to infest,molest= Lat.infestare.On similar sound-change P.dhaṃs°› Sk.dharṣ cp.P.daṃseti›Sk.darśayati).Caus.of dhṛṣṇoti to be daring,to assault cp.Gr.qaρsos audacious,bold,Lat.festus,Goth.gadars=E.dare; Ohg.gitar] to deprive of,to destroy,assault,importune D.I,211; S.III,123; Sn.591; J.III,353; Miln.227; Sdhp.357,434.Cp.pa°,pari°.(Page 334),8,1
  4165. 155316,en,15,dhamsin,dhaṃsin,Dhaṃsin,Dhaṃsin,(adj.-n.) [Sk.dharṣin to dhṛṣṇoti,see dhaṃseti] obtrusive,bold,offensive M.I,236; A.II,182; Dh.244 (=DhA.III,353 paresaṃ guṇaṃ dhaṃsanatāya dh.).(Page 334),7,1
  4166. 155342,en,15,dhana,dhana,Dhana,Dhana,(nt.) [Ved.dhana; usually taken to <i>dhā</i> (see dadhāti) as “stake,prize at game,booty,” cp.pradhāna &#38; Gr.qέma; but more likely in orig.meaning “grain,posses sion of corn,crops etc.,” cp.Lith.dūna bread,Sk.dhānā pl.grains &#38; dhañña=dhana-like,i.e.corn,grain] wealth,usually wealth of money,riches,treasures.1.Lit.D.I,73 (sa°); M.II,180.; A.III,222; IV,4 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 135 (+yasa,issariya etc.) Th.2,464 (+issariya); J.I,225 (paṭhavigataṃ karoti:hide in the ground),262,289; II,112; IV,2; Sn.60,185,302; Pv.II,6<sup>10</sup>; DhA.I,238.Often in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>aḍḍha mahaddhana mahābhoga</i> to indicate immense wealth (see aḍḍha) PvA.3,214 etc.(see also below °dhañña).-- 2.fig.Used in the expression <i>sattavidha-ariya-dhana</i> “the 7 fold noble treasure” of the good qualities or virtues,viz.saddhā,cāga etc.(see enum<sup>d</sup> under cāga) D.III,163,164,251; VvA.113; ThA.240.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> the best treasure (i.e.the ariya-dhana) D.III,164; <i>--atthika</i> wishing for or desiring wealth Sn.987; <i>--āsā</i> craving for wealth; <i>--kkīta</i> bought for money DhA.II,3,<i>--thaddha</i> proud of wealth,snobbish Sn.104; <i>--dhañña</i>,usually Dvandva-cpd.“money &#38; money’s worth,” but as adj.(always in phrase pahūta°) it may be taken as Tatpuruṣa “rich in treasures,” otherwise “possessing money &#38; money’s worth” cp.pahūtadhanadhaññavā J.I,3.As n.Pv.I,11<sup>11</sup>; III,10<sup>4</sup>; PvA.60; Miln.2,280; as adj.freq.“pahūtadhana-dhañña” Vv 63<sup>13</sup>=Pv.II,6<sup>11</sup>:PvA.97.Thus in ster.formula of aḍḍha mahaddhana etc.D.III,163 sq.; S.I,71; A.II,86; <i>--parājaya</i> loss of money,as adj.appl.to kali:the dice marking loss in game Sn.659; <i>--lobha</i> “greed of gold” J.IV,1; <i>--lola</i>=lobha J.II,212; <i>--viriya</i> wealth &#38; power Sn.422; <i>--hetu</i> for the sake of wealth Sn.122.(Page 335),5,1
  4167. 155355,en,15,dhana,dhāna,Dhāna,Dhāna,(adj.-n.) [Sk.dhāna,to dadhāti; cp.dhātu] (adj.) holding,containing (-°) M.I,11 (ahi kaṇṭaka°; cp.ādhāna &#38; kaṇṭaka).-- (n.) nt.a receptacle Dh.58 (saṅkāra° dust-heap=ṭhāna DhA.I,445).f.<i>dhānī</i> a seat (=ṭhāna),in <i>rāja°</i> “the king’s seat,” a royal town.Often in comb with gāma &#38; nigama (see gāma 3 a):Vin.III,89; J.VI,397; Pv.II,13<sup>18</sup>.(Page 340),5,1
  4168. 155715,en,15,dhanatta,dhanatta,Dhanatta,Dhanatta,(nt.) [Sk.*dhanatvaṃ] being bent on having money J.V,449.(Page 335),8,1
  4169. 155744,en,15,dhanavant,dhanavant,Dhanavant,Dhanavant,(adj.) [Sk.dhanavant] wealthy Nd<sup>2</sup> 462; J.I,3.(Page 335),9,1
  4170. 155796,en,15,dhanayati,dhanāyati,Dhanāyati,Dhanāyati,[denom.to dhana] to desire (like money),to wish for,strive after M.I,260 (perhaps better to be read <i>vanāyati</i>,see formula under allīyati,and note M.I,552).(Page 335),9,1
  4171. 155836,en,15,dhanika,dhanika,Dhanika,Dhanika,[Sk.dhanika] a creditor,Th.2,443,ThA,271; PvA.276.Cp.dhaniya.(Page 335),7,1
  4172. 155852,en,15,dhanita,dhanita,Dhanita,Dhanita,[Sk.dhvanita,pp.of <i>dhvan</i>,cp.Ags.dyn noise= E.din; Ags.dynnan to sound loud] sounded; as nt.sonant (said of a letter) Miln.344.(Page 335),7,1
  4173. 155875,en,15,dhaniya,dhaniya,Dhaniya,Dhaniya,=dhanika Vin.I,76.(Page 335),7,1
  4174. 155885,en,15,dhaniya,dhāniya,Dhāniya,Dhāniya,(adj.) [Sk.dhānya,cp.dhañña<sup>2</sup>] wealthy,rich,abundant in (-°) J.III,367 (pahūtadhana°; v.l.BB °dhāritaṃ); (nt.) riches,wealth J.V,99,100.(Page 340),7,1
  4175. 155910,en,15,dhanka,dhaṅka,Dhaṅka,Dhaṅka,[Sk.dhvānkṣa,cp.also dhuṅkṣā] a crow S.I,207; II,258; Sn.271=Nd<sup>2</sup> 420; J.II,208; V,107,270; VI,452; Pv III,5<sup>2</sup> (=kāka PvA.198); VvA.334.(Page 334),6,1
  4176. 155940,en,15,dhanna,dhañña,Dhañña,Dhañña,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk.dhānya,adj.to dhana or dhānya.Semantically cp.āḷhiya] “rich in corn,” rich (see dhana); happy,fortunate,lucky.Often in comb<sup>n</sup> dhanadhañña.-- DhA.I,171; III,464 (dhaññādika one who is rich in grains etc.,i.e.lucky); DhsA.116.-- dhaññapuñña-lakkhaṇa a sign of future good fortune &#38; merit PvA.161; as adj.endowed with the mark of ...J.VI,3.See also dhāniya.(Page 335),6,1
  4177. 155941,en,15,dhanna,dhañña,Dhañña,Dhañña,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Ved.dhānya,der.fr.dhana] grain,corn.The usual enum<sup>n</sup> comprises 7 sorts of grain,which is however not strictly confined to grain-fruit proper (“corn”) but includes,like other enum<sup>ns</sup>,pulse &#38; seeds.These 7 are sāli &#38; vīhi (rice-sorts),yava (barley),godhuma (wheat),kaṅgu (millet),varaka (beans),kudrūsaka (?) Vin.IV,264; Nd<sup>2</sup> 314; DA.I,78.-- Nd<sup>2</sup> 314 distinguishes two oategories of dhañña:the natural (<i>pubbaṇṇa</i>) &#38; the prepared (<i>aparaṇṇa</i>) kinds.To the first belong the 7 sorts,to the second belongs sūpeyya (curry).See also bīja-bīja.-- Six sorts are mentioned at M.I,57,viz.sāli,vīhi,mugga,māsa,tila,taṇḍula.‹-› D.I,5 (<i>āmaka°</i>,q.v.); A.II,209 (id.); M.I,180; A.II,32 (+dhana); Th.1,531; Pug.58; DhA.I,173; VvA.99; PvA.29 (dhanaṃ vā dh °ṃ vā),198 (sāsapa-tela-missitaṃ),278 (sappi -- madhu -- tela -- dhaññādīhi vohăraṃ katvā).-- <i>dhaññaṃ ākirati</i> to besprinkle a person with grain (for good luck) Pv III,5<sup>4</sup> (=maṅgalaṃ karoti PvA.198,see also maṅgala).<br><br> <i>--āgāra</i> a store house for grain Vin.I,240; <i>--piṭaka</i> a basket full of grain DhA.III,370; <i>--rāsi</i> a heap of g.A.IV,163,170; <i>--samavāpaka</i> grain for sowing,not more &#38; not less than necessary to produce grain M.I,451.(Page 334),6,1
  4178. 156134,en,15,dhanta,dhanta,Dhanta,Dhanta,[Sk.dhvānta in meaning of either dhvanita fr.<i>dhvan</i> to sound,or dhamita fr.<i>dhmā</i> to blow,see dhameti] blown,sounded A.I,253; J.I,283,284.(Page 335),6,1
  4179. 156148,en,15,dhanu,dhanu,Dhanu,Dhanu,(nt.) [Sk.dhanus,to Ohg.tanna fir-tree,also oak,orig tree in general,cp.dāru] a bow M.I,429; J.I,50,150; II,88; IV,327; PvA.285.<br><br> <i>--kalāpa</i> bow &#38; quiver Vin.II,192; M.I,86; II,99; A.III,94; PvA.154; <i>--kāra</i> a bow maker Miln.331; <i>--kārika</i> N.of a tree J.V,420; <i>--kārin</i>=prec.J.V,422 (=°pāṭali); <i>--ggaha</i> an archer D.I,51; A.II,48; IV,107; J.I,58,356; II,87,88; III,220 (dhanuggaha) J.III,322; V,129 (where 4 kinds are enum<sup>d</sup>); Vism.150 (in simile); DA.I,156; <i>--takkāri</i> (f.) a plant J.VI,535; <i>--pāṭali</i> N.of a tree J.V,422; <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> prophesying from marks on a bow D.I,9.(Page 335),5,1
  4180. 156224,en,15,dhanuka,dhanuka,Dhanuka,Dhanuka,(nt.) [Sk.dhanuṣka] a (small) bow Vin.II,10; III,180; D.I,7; A.III,75; V,203; J.VI,41; Miln.229; DA.I,86.(Page 335),7,1
  4181. 156343,en,15,dhara,dhara,Dhara,Dhara,(usually --°,except at Miln.420) (adj.) [Sk.dhara,to <i>dhr</i> see dharati] bearing,wearing,keeping; holding in mind,knowing by heart.Freq.in phrase <i>dhammadhara</i> (knowing the Dhamma,q.v.),vinaya°,mātikā° e.g.D.II,125.dhamma° also Sn.58; Th.1,187; Nd<sup>2</sup> 319; vinaya° Miln.344; jaṭājina° Sn.1010.See also dhāra.(Page 339),5,1
  4182. 156357,en,15,dhara,dhāra,Dhāra,Dhāra,(adj.) (-°) [Sk.dhāra to dhāreti; cp.dhara] bearing,holding,having D.I,74 (udaka-rahado sītavāri°); M I.281 (ubhato°) Sn.336 (ukkā°); It.101 (antimadeha°),108 (ukkā°).See also <i>dhārin</i>.(Page 340),5,1
  4183. 156366,en,15,dhara,dhārā,Dhārā,Dhārā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [Sk.dhārā,from dhāvati 2.] the edge of a weapon J.I,455; VI,449; DhA 317; DA.I,37.-- (adj.) (-°) having a (sharp) edge J.I,414 (khura°) Miln.105 (sukhuma°); ekato°-ubhato° single- &#38; double-edged J.I,73 (asi); IV,12 (sattha).(Page 341),5,1
  4184. 156367,en,15,dhara,dhārā,Dhārā,Dhārā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [Sk.dhārā,from dhāvati 1] torrent,stream,flow,shower D.I,74 (sammā° an even or seasonable shower; DA.I,218=vuṭṭhi); II,15 (udakassa,streams); J.I,31; Ps.I,125 (udaka°); Pv.II,9<sup>70</sup> (sammā°); VvA.4 (hingulika°); PvA.139; DhA.IV,15 (assu°); Sdhp.595 (vassa°).(Page 341),5,1
  4185. 156379,en,15,dharaka,dhāraka,Dhāraka,Dhāraka,(adj.-n.) 1.bearing,one who holds or possesses DhA.III,93 (sampattiṃ).-- 2.one who knows or remembers A.II,97 (°jātika); IV,296 sq.,328 (id.).(Page 341),7,1
  4186. 156418,en,15,dharana,dharaṇa,Dharaṇa,Dharaṇa,(adj.) bearing,holding,comprising VvA.104 (suvaṇṇassa pañcadasa° nikkha holding,i.e.worth or equal to 15 parts of gold).-- f.<i>--ī</i> bearing,i.e.pregnant with Sn.26 (of cows:<i>godharaṇiyo paveniyo</i>=gabbhiniyo SnA 39).As n.the Earth J.V,311; VI,526; Miln.34; <i>dharaṇī-ruha</i> N.of a tree J.VI,482,497; Miln.376.(Page 340),7,1
  4187. 156429,en,15,dharana,dhāraṇa,Dhāraṇa,Dhāraṇa,(nt.) [cp.Sk.dhāraṇa,to dhāreti] 1.wearing,in mālā° (etc.) D.I,5=A.II,210=Pug.58; KhA 37; cīvara° A.II,104=Pug.45.-- 2.maintaining,sustaining,keeping up Miln.320 (āyu° bhojana).-- 3.bearing in mind,remembrance Vin.IV,305; M.II,175 (dhamma°).(Page 341),7,1
  4188. 156436,en,15,dharana,dhāraṇā,Dhāraṇā,Dhāraṇā,(f.) [to dhāraṇa] 1.memory Miln.79.-- 2.the earth (“the upholder,” cp.dharaṇī) J.VI,180.(Page 341),7,1
  4189. 156449,en,15,dharanaka,dhāraṇaka,Dhāraṇaka,Dhāraṇaka,[der.fr.dhāraṇa] 1.a debtor (see dhāreti 4) J.II,203; IV,45.-- 2.a mnemonician Miln.79.(Page 341),9,1
  4190. 156476,en,15,dharanata,dhāraṇatā,Dhāraṇatā,Dhāraṇatā,(f.) 1.wearing,being dressed with (=dhāraṇa 1) Miln.257.-- 2.mindfulness (=dhāraṇa 3) Nd<sup>2</sup> 628= Dhs.14.(Page 341),9,1
  4191. 156549,en,15,dharati,dharati,Dharati,Dharati,[Sk.dharati,<i>dhṛ</i> as in Gr.qrόnos; Lat.firmus &#38; fretus.See also daḷha,dhata,dhamma,dhiti,dhuva] to hold,bear,carry,wear; to hold up,support; to bear in mind,know by heart; to hold out,endure,last,continue,live Sn.385 (take to heart,remember); DhA.II,68; -- ppr.<i>dharamāṇa</i> living,lasting J.I,75 (dh°e yeva suriye while the sun was still up); II,6; Miln.240,291 (Bhagavato dh°-kāle); -- grd.<i>dhareyya</i>,in dh°divasa the day when a young girl is to be carried (into the house of her husband) ThA,25; cp.dhāreyya Th.2,472=vivāha ThA.285.-- pp.<i>dhata</i> (q.v.) -- Caus.<i>dhāreti</i> (q.v.).(Page 340),7,1
  4192. 156659,en,15,dharetar,dhāretar,Dhāretar,Dhāretar,[n.ag.to dhāreti 3] one who causes others to remember,an instructor,teacher (cp.dhāraṇaka) A.IV,196 (sotā sāvetā uggahetā dh.).(Page 341),8,1
  4193. 156673,en,15,dhareti,dhāreti,Dhāreti,Dhāreti,[Caus.of dharati,q.v.for etym.] to hold,viz.1.to carry,bear,wear,possess; to put on,to bring,give D.I,166≈(chavadussāni etc.); Vin.I,16=D.I,110≈ (telapajjotaṃ); D.II,19 (chattaṃ to hold a sunshade over a person); PvA.47 (id.); dehaṃ dh.to “wear,” i.e.to have a body It.50,53 (antimaṃ d.); J.IV,3 (padumaṃ); VI,136; Pv.I,3<sup>1</sup> (vaṇṇaṃ dh.=vahasi PvA.14); tassa kahāpaṇaṃ daṇḍaṃ dh.“to inflict a fine of a k.on him” Miln.171.-- 2.to hold back,restrain Vin.IV,261 (kathaṃ dhāretha how do you suppress or conceal pregnancy?); Dh.222 (kodhaṃ).-- 3.to bear in mind,know by heart,understand:dhammaṃ to know the Dhamma A.III,176; tipiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ to know the 3 Piṭakas Miln.18.-- D.II,2; Pug.41 (suṇāti,bhaṇati,dh.=remember).Cp.upadhāreti.-- With double Acc.:to receive as,to take=believe,to take for,consider as,call:upāsakaṃ maṃ dhāretu Bhagavā “call me your disciple” Vin.I,16 &#38; passim; atthajālan ti pi naṃ dhārehi (call it ...) D.I,46; yathā pañhaṃ Bhagavā vyākaroti tathā naṃ dhareyyāsi (believe it) D.I,222; yathā no (atthaṃ) Gotamo vyākarissati tathā naṃ dhāressāma D.I,236; evaṃ maṃ dhārehi adhimuttacittaṃ (consider as) Sn.1149 (=upalakkhehi Nd<sup>2</sup> 323).-- 4.to admit,allow,allow for,take up,support (a cause); to give,to owe D.I,125 (may allow),126; A.II,69 (na kassa kiñci dh.pays no tribute); Miln.47 (atthaṃ).(Page 341),7,1
  4194. 156701,en,15,dhareyya,dhāreyya,Dhāreyya,Dhāreyya,(nt.) [orig.grd.of dhāreti] the ceremony of being carried away,i.e.the marriage ceremony,marriage (cp.dhareyya under dharati) Th.2,472 (text has vāreyya,but ThA,285 explains dhāreyya=vivāha).(Page 341),8,1
  4195. 156722,en,15,dharin,dhārin,Dhārin,Dhārin,(adj.--°) [Sk.dhārin,see dhāreti &#38; cp.°dhara,°dhāra] holding,wearing,keeping; often in phrase antimadeha° “wearing the last body” (of an Arahant) S.I,14; Sn.471; It.32,40.-- J.I,47 (virūpa-vesa°); Dāvs.V,15.-- f.°inī Pv.I,10<sup>8</sup> (kāsikuttama°).(Page 341),6,1
  4196. 156766,en,15,dhata,dhata,Dhata,Dhata,[Sk.dhṛta,pp.of dharati; cp.dhara &#38; dhāreti] 1.firm,prepared,ready,resolved A.III,114; Dāvs.V,52.-- 2.kept in mind,understood,known by heart Vin.II,95; A.I,36.(Page 335),5,1
  4197. 156775,en,15,dhata,dhāta,Dhāta,Dhāta,[Sk.*dhāyita of dhayati to suck,nourish,pp.dhīta] fed,satiated; satisfied,appeased Vin.I,222; J.I,185; II,247,446; V,73; VI,555; Pv.I,11<sup>8</sup> (so read for dāta)=PvA.59 (:suhita titta); Miln.238,249.-- f.abstr.<i>dhātatā</i> satiation,fulness,satisfaction,in ati° J.II,293.(Page 340),5,1
  4198. 156792,en,15,dhatar,dhātar,Dhātar,Dhātar,[n.ag.fr.<i>dhṛ</i>] upholder J.V,225.(Page 340),6,1
  4199. 156835,en,15,dhati,dhātī,Dhātī,Dhātī,(f.) [Sk.dhātrī=Gr.tiqήnh wet nurse,to dhayati suck,suckle; Idg.<i>*dhēi</i> as in Gr.qh_sqai to milk,qh_lus feeding,qhlή female breast; cp.Lat.felare,femina (“giving suck”),filius (“suckling”); Oir.dīnu lamb; Goth.daddjan; Ohg.tila breast.See also dadhi,dhītā,dhenu] wet nurse,fostermother D.II,19; M.I,395; II,97; J.I,57; III,391; PvA.16,176.In cpds.<i>dhāti°</i>,viz.<i>--cela</i> swaddling cloth,baby’s napkin S.I,205= J.III,309.(Page 340),5,1
  4200. 156866,en,15,dhatu,dhātu,Dhātu,Dhātu,(f.) [Sk.dhātu to dadhāti,Idg.<i>*dhē</i>,cp.Gr.ti/qhmi,a]nά--qhma,Sk.dhāman,dhāṭr (=Lat.conditor); Goth.gadēds; Ohg.tāt,tuom (in meaning --°=dhātu,cp.E.serf-dom “condition of ...”) tuon=E.to do; &#38; with k-suffix Lat.facio,Gr.(e)/)qhk(a),Sk.dhāka; see also dhamma] element.Closely related to dhamma in meaning B 1<sup>b</sup>,only implying a closer relation to physical substance.As to its Gen.connotation cp.Dhs.trsl.p.198.-- 1.a primary element,of which the usual set comprises the four paṭhavī,āpo,tejo,vāyo (earth,water,fire,wind),otherwise termed cattāro mahābhūtā(ni):D.I,215; II,294; III,228; S.I,15; II,169 sq.,224; IV,175,195; A.II,165; III,243; Vbh.14,72; Nett 73.See discussed at Cpd.254 sq.-- A def<sup>n</sup> of dhātu is to be found at Vism.485.-- Singly or in other comb<sup>ns</sup> paṭhavī° S.II,174; tejo° S.I,144; D.III,227; the four plus ākāsa S.III,227,plus viññāna S.II,248; III,231; see below 2 b.-- 2.(a) natural condition,property,disposition; factor,item,principle,form.In this meaning in var.comb<sup>ns</sup> &#38; applications,esp.closely related to khandha.Thus mentioned with <i>khandha </i>&<i> āyatana</i> (sensory element &#38; element of sense-perception) as bodily or physical element,factor (see khandha B 1 d &#38; cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> under dhātu) Th.2,472.As such (physical substratum) it constitutes one of the lokā or forms of being (khandha° dhātu° āyatana° Nd<sup>2</sup> 550).Freq.also in comb<sup>n</sup> kāma-dhātu,rūpa° arūpa° “the elements or properties of k.etc.” as preceding &#38; conditioning bhava in the respective category (Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.).See under d.-- As “set of conditions or state of being (-°)” in the foll.:<i>loka°</i> a world,of which 10 are usually mentioned (equalling 10,000:PvA.138) S.I,26; V,424; Pv.II,9<sup>61</sup>; Vbh.336; PvA.138; KS.II,101,n.1; -- <i>nibbāna°</i> the state of N.S.V,8; A.II,120; IV,202; J.I,55; It.38 (dve:see under Nibbāna); Miln.312.Also in the foll.connections:amata° It.62; bhū° the verbal root <em>bhū</em> DA.I,229; ṭhapitāya dhātuyā “while the bodily element,i.e.vitality lasts” Miln.125; vaṇṇa° form,beauty S.I,131; Pv.I,3<sup>1</sup>.In these cases it is so far weakened in meaning,that it simply corresponds to E.abstr.suffix --hood or --ity (cp.°hood=origin.“form”:see ketu),so perhaps in Nibbāna°=Nibbāna-dom.Cp.dhātuka.-- (b) elements in sense-consciousness:referring to the 6 ajjhattikāni &#38; 6 bāhirāni āyatanāni S.II,140 sq.Of these sep.sota° D.I,79; III,38; Vbh.334; dibbasota° S.II,121,212; V,265,304; A.I,255; III,17,280; V,199; cakkhu° Vbh.71 sq.; mano° Vbh.175,182,301; mano-viññāṇa° Vbh.87,89,175,182 sq.‹-› (c) various:aneka° A.I,22; III,325; V,33; akusala° Vbh.363; avijjā° S.II,132; ābhā° S.II,150; ārambha° S.V,66,104 sq.; A.I,4; II,338; ṭhiti° S.II,175; III,231; A.III,338; dhamma° S.II,56; nekkhamma° S.II,151; A.III,447; nissāraṇiyā dhātuyo (5) D.III,239; A.III,245,290.See further S.I,134,196; II,153,248 (aniccā); III,231 (nirodha); IV,67; A.I,176; II,164; IV,385; Dhs.58,67,121; Nett 57,64 sq.; ThA.20,49,285,-- (d) Different sets and enumerations:as 3 under kāma°,rūpa°,arūpa A.I,223; III,447; Ps.I,137; Vbh.86,363,404 sq.; under rūpa°,arūpa°,nirodha° It.45.-- as 6 (pathavī etc.+ākāsa° &#38; viññāṇa°):D.III,247; A.I,175 sq.; M.III,31,62,240; Ps.I,136; Vbh.82 sq.-- as 7 (ābhā subha etc.):S.II,150.-- 18:Ps.I,101,137; II,230,Dhs.1333; Vbh.87 sq.,401 sq.; Vism.484 sq.-- 3.a humour or affection of the body DA.I,253 (dhātusamatā).-- 4.the remains of the body after cremation PvA.76; a relic VvA.165 (sarīra°,bodily relic); Dāvs.V,3 (dasana° the toothrelic).-- Abl.dhātuso according to one’s nature S.II,154 sq.(sattā sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti etc.); It.70 (id.); S.III,65.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> N.of 3<sup>rd</sup> book of the Abhidhamma Vism.96.<i>--kucchi</i> womb Miln.176; <i>--kusala</i> skilled in the elements M.III,62; °kusalatā proficiency in the (18) elements D.III,212; Dhs.1333; <i>--ghara</i> “house for a relic,” a dagoba SnA 194.<i>--cetiya</i> a shrine over a relic DhA.III,29; <i>--nānatta</i> diversity of specific experience D.III,289; S.II,143; IV,113 sq.,284; <i>--vibhāga</i> distribution of relics VvA.297; PvA.212.(Page 340),5,1
  4201. 156943,en,15,dhatuka,dhātuka,Dhātuka,Dhātuka,(adj.) (only --°) having the nature,by nature,affected with,--like (cp.°dhamma B 2<sup>a</sup>); often simply= first part of cpd.(cp.E.friend-like=friendly=friend) J.I,438 (kiliṭṭha° miserable),II.31 (sama°),63 (badhira° deaf),102 (paṇḍuroga° having jaundice),114 (dhuttika°); IV,137 (vāmanaka° deformed),391 (muddhā°); V,197 (āvāṭa°); DhA.I,89 (anattamana°).(Page 340),7,1
  4202. 157140,en,15,dhatura,dhātura,Dhātura,Dhātura,(adj.--°) [=*dhātuya] in cha° consisting of six elements (purisa) M.III,239 (where āpodhātu omitted by mistake).See dhātu 2 c.(Page 340),7,1
  4203. 157312,en,15,dhava,dhava,Dhava,Dhava,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.dhava,a newly formed word after vidhava,widow,q.v.] a husband ThA.121 (dh.vuccati sāmiko tad abhāvā vidhavā matapatikā ti attho).(Page 340),5,1
  4204. 157313,en,15,dhava,dhava,Dhava,Dhava,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.dhava=madhuratvaca,Halāyudha] the shrub Grislea Tomentosa A.I,202,204; J.IV,209; VI,528.(Page 340),5,1
  4205. 157321,en,15,dhava,dhāva,Dhāva,Dhāva,[Sk.dhāva] running,racing M.I,446.(Page 341),5,1
  4206. 157333,en,15,dhavala,dhavala,Dhavala,Dhavala,(adj.) [Sk.dhavala,to dhavati,see dhāvati &#38; dhovati] white,dazzling white VvA.252; Dāvs II.123; V,26.(Page 340),7,1
  4207. 157344,en,15,dhavalata,dhavalatā,Dhavalatā,Dhavalatā,(f.) whiteness VvA.197.(Page 340),9,1
  4208. 157358,en,15,dhavana,dhāvana,Dhāvana,Dhāvana,(nt.) [Sk.dhāvana] running,galloping J.II,431; Miln.351.(Page 341),7,1
  4209. 157384,en,15,dhavati,dhāvati,Dhāvati,Dhāvati,[Sk.dhāvati &#38; dhāvate:1.to flow,run etc.; cp.Gr.qέw (both meanings); Ags.déaw=E.dew; Ohg.tou=Ger.tau; cp.also dhārā &#38; dhunāti.-- 2.to clean (by running water) etc.=P.<i>dhovati</i>,q.v.] 1.to run,run away,run quickly Sn.939 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 419); Dh.344; J.I,308; VI,332; Nd<sup>1</sup> 405=Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III,</SUP>; Pv IV.16<sup>1</sup> =palāyati PvA.284<sup>1</sup>; DhA.I,389 (opp.gacchati); PvA.4; Sdhp.378.-- 2.to clean etc.:see dhovati; cp.dhavala &#38; dhārā<sup>2</sup>.(Page 341),7,1
  4210. 157405,en,15,dhavin,dhāvin,Dhāvin,Dhāvin:see pa°.(Page 341),6,1
  4211. 157438,en,15,dhenu,dhenu,Dhenu,Dhenu,(f.) [Sk.dhenu,to dhayati to give suck,see dhātī &#38; dhītar] a milch cow,a female animal in general J.I,152 (miga° hind); Vv 80<sup>6</sup>; DhA.I,170; 396; PvA.112.In simile at Vism.313.(Page 343),5,1
  4212. 157453,en,15,dhenupa,dhenupa,Dhenupa,Dhenupa,[dhenu+pa from pibati] a suckling calf M.I,79; Sn.26.(Page 343),7,1
  4213. 157479,en,15,dheyya,dheyya,Dheyya,Dheyya,(-°) [Sk.dheya,orig.grd.of <em>dhā</em>,see dahati<sup>1</sup>] 1.in the realm of,under the sway or power of:<i>anañña°</i> J.IV,110; <i>kamma°</i> A.IV,285; <i>maccu°</i> (q.v.) S.I,22; Sn.358,1104; Th.2,10 (=maccu ettha dhīyati ThA.13); <i>māra°</i> A.IV,228.-- 2.putting on,assigning,in <i>nāma°</i> Dhs.1307.(Page 343),6,1
  4214. 157492,en,15,dhi,dhi,Dhi,Dhi,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [Sk.dhīḥ to didheti,cp.Av.dī to see,Goth.(filu-) deisei cunning.See also dhīra] wisdom,only in Com.expl.of paññā:“dhi vuccati paññā” (exegesis of dhīra) at Nd<sup>1</sup> 44=J.II,140=III,38.(Page 341),3,1
  4215. 157493,en,15,dhi,dhi,Dhi,Dhi,<sup>1</sup> &#38; Dhī (indecl.) [Sk.dhik] an excl<sup>n</sup> of reproach &#38; disgust:fie! shame! woe! (with Acc.or Gen.) S.V,217 (read dhī taṃ for dhītaṃ); Dh.389 (dhī=garahāmi DhA.IV,148); J.I,507; DhA.I,179 (haṃ dhī),216 (v.l.BB but text has haṃdi).An inorganic r replaces the sandhi-cons.in <i>dhī-r-atthu</i> jīvitaṃ Sn.440; cp.Th.I,1150; dhi-r-atthu jātiyā J.I,59.(Page 341),3,1
  4216. 157535,en,15,dhikkita,dhikkita,Dhikkita,Dhikkita,(adj.) [Sk.dhikkṛta,of dhi<sup>1</sup>+kata] reproached,reviled; used also medially:blaming,censuring,condemning J.I,155 (=garahitā Com.); also in Com.expl.of dhīra (=dhikkita-pāpa detesting evil) at Nd<sup>1</sup> 44=J.II,140=III,38 (cp.dhi<sup>2</sup>).(Page 341),8,1
  4217. 157550,en,15,dhina,dhīna,Dhīna,Dhīna,see adhīna.(Page 341),5,1
  4218. 157558,en,15,dhira,dhīra,Dhīra,Dhīra,(adj.) [combining in meaning 1.Sk.dhīra “firm” fr.dhārayati (see dharati &#38; dhiti); 2.Vedic.dhīra “wise” fr.dīdheti (see dhi<sup>2</sup>).The fluctuation of connotation is also scen in the expl<sup>s</sup> of Com<sup>s</sup> which always give the foll.three conventional etymologies,viz.dhikkitapāpa,dhiti-sampanna,dhiyā (=paññāya) samannāgata Nd<sup>1</sup>44≈(see dhi<sup>2</sup>)] constant,firm,self-relying,of character; wise,possessing the knowledge of the Dhamma,often=paṇḍita &#38; Ep.of an Arahant D.II,128; S.I,24 (lokapariyāyaṃ aññāya nibbutā dh.),122,221; Sn.45,235 (nibbanti dhīrā),913 (vippamutto diṭṭhigatehi dh.),1052; It.68 (°upasevanā,opp.bāla),122 (dh.sabbaganthapamocano); Dh.23,28,177 (opp.bāla); Th.1,4; 2,7 (dhammā=tejussadehi ariyamag‹-› gadhammehi ThA.13); J.III,396; V,116; Pv.II,1<sup>6</sup>; II,9<sup>45</sup>; Nd<sup>1</sup> 44,55,482; Nd<sup>2</sup> 324 (=jutimant); Miln.342; KhA 194,224,230; DhA.III,189 (=paṇḍita).(Page 341),5,1
  4219. 157623,en,15,dhitalika,dhītalikā,Dhītalikā,Dhītalikā,(f.) [Dimin.of dhītā; cp.dhītikā &#38; potthalikā] a doll Vin.III,36,126 (dāru°); DhsA.321; PvA.16.(Page 341),9,1
  4220. 157630,en,15,dhitar,dhītar,Dhītar,Dhītar,and Dhītā (f.) [Sk.dhītā,orig.pp.of dhayati to suck (cp.Lat.filia):see dhāta &#38; dhātī,inflūenced in inflection by Sk.duhitṛ,although etymologically different] daughter Th.2,336 (in faith); J.I,152,253; VI,366; Pv.I,11<sup>5</sup>; DhA.III,171,176; PvA.16,21,61,105.deva° a female deva (see deva) VvA.137 etc.; nattu° a granddaughter PvA.17; mātula° a niece PvA.55; rāja° a princess J.I,207; PvA.74.In comp<sup>n</sup> dhītu.<br><br> --kkama one who is desirous of a daughter J.VI,307 (=dhītu atthāya vicarati Com.; v.l.dhītu-kāma); --dhītā granddaughter PvA.16.(Page 341),6,1
  4221. 157639,en,15,dhiti,dhiti,Dhiti,Dhiti,(f.) [Sk.dhṛti to <i>dhṛ</i>,see dharati] energy,courage,steadfastness,firm character,resolution.S.I,122,215 =Sn.188 (cp.SnA 237); J.I,266,280; III,239; VI,373; Vbh.211; Dhs.13 (+thāma),22,289,571; Miln.23,329; Sdhp.574.Equivalent to “wisdom” (cp.juti &#38; jutimant &#38; Sk.dhīti) in expl.of dhīra as “dhitisampanna” Nd<sup>1</sup> 44≈(see dhi<sup>2</sup>); PvA.131.(Page 341),5,1
  4222. 157651,en,15,dhitika,dhītikā,Dhītikā,Dhītikā,(f.) [cp.dhītalikā] a doll Th.2,374 (=dhītalikā ThA.252).(Page 341),7,1
  4223. 157659,en,15,dhitimant,dhitimant,Dhitimant,Dhitimant,(adj.) [Sk.dhṛtimant; cp.also dhīmant] courageous,firm,resolute A.I,25; Sn.462,542; Th.I,6; J.II,140; VI,286 (wise,cp.dhiti).(Page 341),9,1
  4224. 157753,en,15,dhiyati,dhīyati,Dhīyati,Dhīyati,[Sk.dhīyate,Pass.to dahati<sup>1</sup>] to be contained ThA.13 (so read for dhiyati); PvA.71.(Page 341),7,1
  4225. 157767,en,15,dhona,dhona,Dhona,Dhona,(adj.-n.) [either=dhota,Sk.dhauta,see dhovati or=dhuta,see dhuta &#38; dhunana.Quite a diff.suggestion as regards etym.is given by Kern,Toev.117,who considers it as a possible der<sup>n</sup> fr.(a)dho,after analogy of poṇa.Very doubtful] 1.purified M.I,386; Sn.351,786,813,834 (=dhutakilesa SnA 542); J.III,160 (°sākha=patthaṭasākha Com.; v.l.BB vena°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 77=176 (:dhonā vuccati paññā etc.,dhuta &#38; dhota used indiscriminately in exegesis following).-- 2.(pl.) the four requisites of a bhikkhu DhA.III,344 (:dhonā vuccati cattāro paccayā,in Com.on atidhonacārin Dh.240; gloss K.dhovanā,cp.Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,100).(Page 343),5,1
  4226. 157782,en,15,dhopana,dhopana,Dhopana,Dhopana,(nt.) [a variant of dhovana,q.v.] 1.ceremonial washing of the bones of the dead D.II,6; <i>aṭṭhi-dhovana</i> Bdhgh at DA.I,84; A.V,216 (see Commentary at 364).‹-› 2.Surgical washing of a wound J.II,117.-- 3.In vaṃsadhopana,apparently a feat by acrobats J.IV,390.It is possible that the passage at D.II,6 really belongs here.See the note at Dial.I.9.(Page 343),7,1
  4227. 157786,en,15,dhopati,dhopati,Dhopati,Dhopati,[a variant of dhovati,taken as Caus.formation] to wash,cleanse D.I,93 (dhopetha,imper.; v.l.B.dhovatḥa),124 (dhopeyya; v.l.B.dhoveyya).(Page 343),7,1
  4228. 157799,en,15,dhorayha,dhorayha,Dhorayha,Dhorayha,[for *dhor-vayha=Sk.*dhaurvahya,abstr.fr.dhurvaha; may also directly correspond to the latter] “carrying a yoke,” a beast of burden S.I,28; D.III,113 (purisa°); A.I,162.<br><br> <i>--vata</i> (nt.) the practice of carrying a burden,the state of a beast of burden,drudgery S.I,28; <i>--sīla</i> accustomed to the yoke,enduring; patient Dh.208 (=dhuravahana-sīlatāya dh.DhA.III,272); <i>--sīlin</i>= °sīla J.II,97 (=dhura-vahanaka-ācārena sampanna Com.).(Page 343),8,1
  4229. 157821,en,15,dhoreyya,dhoreyya,Dhoreyya,Dhoreyya,(-°) [Sk.dhaureya,der.fr.dhura] “to be yoked,” accustomed to the yoke,carrying a burden,in <i>kamma°</i> Miln.288.(Page 343),8,1
  4230. 157831,en,15,dhota,dhota,Dhota,Dhota,[Sk.dhāuta,pp.of dhavati<sup>2</sup>,see dhovati] washed,bleached,clean J.I,62 (°saṅkha a bleached shell); II,275; PvA.73 (°vattha),116 (°hattha with clean hands),274 (id.); Vism.224 (id.).(Page 343),5,1
  4231. 157920,en,15,dhova,dhova,Dhova,Dhova,(adj.-n.) [Sk.dhāva,see dhovati] washing,cleansing Bu II.15.(Page 343),5,1
  4232. 157936,en,15,dhovana,dhovana,Dhovana,Dhovana,(nt.) [Sk.dhāvana; see also dhopana] washing Vin.IV,262; S.IV,316 (bhaṇḍa°); A.I,132,161,277; It.111 (pādānaṃ); J.II,129; VI,365 (hattha°); Miln.11; Vism.343; PvA.241 (hattha-pāda°); DhA.II,19 (pāda°); fig.(ariyaṃ) A.V,216.(Page 343),7,1
  4233. 158028,en,15,dhovati,dhovati,Dhovati,Dhovati,[Sk.dhāvati,see dhāvati] to rinse,wash,cleanse,purify Vin.II,208,210,214; Sn.p.104 (bhājanāni); J.I,8; V,297.-- <i>dhovi</i> J.VI,366; DhA.III,207.ger.<i>dhovitvā</i> J.I,266; IV,2; VvA.33 (pattaṃ),77 (id.); PvA.75,144.inf.<i>dhovituṃ</i> Vin.II,120; IV,261 pp.<i>dhota</i> (q.v.) &#38; <i>dhovita</i> J.I,266.-- See also <i>dhopati</i> (*dhopeti).(Page 343),7,1
  4234. 158114,en,15,dhuma,dhuma,Dhuma,Dhuma,in °kaṭacchuka=<i>druma°</i> having a wooden spoon (see duma),cp.Mar.dhumārā? (Ed.in note) DhA.II,59.[Doubtful reading.] (Page 342),5,1
  4235. 158125,en,15,dhuma,dhūma,Dhūma,Dhūma,[Vedic dhūma=Lat.fumus; Gr.qumόs (mood,mind),qumiάw (fumigate); Ohg.toum etc.Idg.<i>*dhu</i>,cp.Gr.qu/w (burn incense),qu/os (incense).See also dhunāti] smoke,fumes Vin.I,204 (aroma of drugs); M.I,220 (dh °ṃ kattā); A.V,352 (id.); A.II,53; IV,72 sq.; V,347 sq.; J.III,401,422 (tumhākaṃ dh-kāle at the time when you will end in smoke,i.e.at your cremation); DhA.I,370 (eka° one mass of smoke); VvA.173 (for dhūpa,in gandhapuppha°); PvA.230 (micchā-vitakka° in expl.of vidhūma).<br><br> <i>--andha</i> blind with smoke J.I,216; <i>--kālika</i> (cp.above dh.-kāle) lasting till a person’s cremation Vin.II,172,288; <i>--ketu</i> fire (lit.whose sign is smoke) J.IV,26; V,63; <i>--jāla</i> a mass of smoke J.V,497; <i>--netta</i> a smoke-tube,i.e.a surgical instrument for sniffing up the smoke of medical drugs Vin.I,204; II,120; J.IV,363; ThA.14; <i>--sikhā</i> fire (Ep.of Agni; lit.smoke-crested) Vv 35<sup>2</sup> (sikha)=VvA.161; Vism.416; also as sikhin J.VI,206.(Page 343),5,1
  4236. 158249,en,15,dhumayana,dhūmāyanā,Dhūmāyanā,Dhūmāyanā,(f.) smoking,smouldering M.I,143; Nett 24 (as v.l.to dhūpāyanā).(Page 343),9,1
  4237. 158265,en,15,dhumayati,dhūmāyati,Dhūmāyati,Dhūmāyati, &#38; Dhūmayati [Sk.dhūmayati,denom.fr.dhūma] to smoke,to smoulder,choke; to be obscured,to cloud over M.I,142 (v.l.dhūpāyati); Pv.I,6<sup>4</sup> (pariḍayhati+dh.hadayaṃ); DhA.I,425 (akkhīni me dh.= I see almost nothing).pp.dhūmāyita.(Page 343),9,1
  4238. 158281,en,15,dhumayitatta,dhūmāyitatta,Dhūmāyitatta,Dhūmāyitatta,(nt.) [abstr.to dhūmāyati] becoming like smoke,clouding over,obscuration S.III,124 (+timirāyitattaṃ).(Page 343),12,1
  4239. 158310,en,15,dhunana,dhunana,Dhunana,Dhunana,(nt.) [Sk.dhūnana] shaking,in <i>°ka</i> (adj.) consisting in shaking off,doing away with,giving up (kilesa°) SnA 373.(Page 342),7,1
  4240. 158329,en,15,dhunati,dhunāti,Dhunāti,Dhunāti,[Sk.dhunoti (dhūnoti),dhunāti &#38; dhuvati,Caus.dhūnayati.Idg.<i>*dhū</i> to be in turbulent motion; cp.Gr.qu/w,qu/nw (to be impetuous),qu/ella (storm),qu/mos “thyme”; Lat.fūmus (smoke=fume),suffio; Lith.duja (dust); Goth.dauns (smoke &#38; smell); Ohg.toum.Connected also w.dhāvate; see further dhūpa,dhūma,dhūsara,dhona &#38; a secondary root Idg.<i>*dheǔes</i> in dhaṃsati] to shake,toss; to shake off,remove,destroy S.I,156 (maccuno senaṃ); Th.1,256=Miln.245; dhunāti pāpake dhamme dumapattaṃ va māluto Th.I,2; J.I,11 (v.48); III,44 (hatthe dhuniṃsu,wrung their hands); Vv 64<sup>9</sup> (=VvA.278 misprint dhumanti); aor.<i>adhosi</i> [=Sk.adhauṣīt] Sn.787 (micchādiṭṭhiṃ= pajahi SnA 523).pp.<i>dhuta </i>&<i> dhūta</i> (q.v.).Cp.nis°,o°.(Page 342),7,1
  4241. 158352,en,15,dhupa,dhūpa,Dhūpa,Dhūpa,[Sk.dhūpa of Idg.<i>*dhūp</i>,enlarged fr.<i>*dhū</i> in dhunāti (q.v.)] incense J.I,51,64,290 (gandha°,dvandva,cpd.); III,144; VI,42; PvA.141 (gandhap̄uppha°).dh°ṃ dadāti to incense (a room) J.I,399.Sometimes misspelt <i>dhūma</i>,e.g.VvA.173 (gandhapuppha°).(Page 343),5,1
  4242. 158372,en,15,dhupana,dhūpana,Dhūpana,Dhūpana,(nt.) [Sk.dhūpana] incensing,fumigation; perfume,incense,spice J.III,144; IV,236; Pv III,5<sup>3</sup> (sāsapa°).(Page 343),7,1
  4243. 158395,en,15,dhupayati,dhūpāyati,Dhūpāyati,Dhūpāyati, &#38; Dhūpayati [Sk.dhūpayati; caus.fr.dhūpa] to fumigate,make fragrant,perfume Vin.I,180; S.I,40 (dhūpāyita)=Th.1,448; A.II,214 sq.; J.I,73; Miln.333 (sīlagandhena lokaṃ dh.); DhA.I,370 (aor.dhūpāyi); III,38 (ppr.dhūpayamāna).-- pp.dhūpita.(Page 343),9,1
  4244. 158423,en,15,dhupita,dhūpita,Dhūpita,Dhūpita,[pp.of dhūpāyati] fumigated,flavoured Vv 43<sup>5</sup> (tela° flavoured with oil).Cp.pa°.(Page 343),7,1
  4245. 158441,en,15,dhura,dhura,Dhura,Dhura,(m. &#38; nt.) [Sk.dhur f. &#38; dhura m.] 1.a yoke,a pole,the shaft of a carriage J.I,192 (purima-sakaṭa°),196; Cp.II.8,4.-- 2.(fig.) a burden,load,charge,office,responsibility Sn.256 (vahanto porisaṃ dh °ṃ “carrying a human yoke”=purisânucchavikā bhārā SnA 299),694 (asama° one who has to bear a heavy burden=asamaviriya SnA 489); DhA.II,97 (sama°); dve dhurāni two burdens (viz.gantha° &#38; vipassanā,study &#38; contemplation) DhA.I,7; IV,37; asamadhura J.I,193; VI,330.Three dhurā are enum<sup>d</sup> at J.IV,242 as saddhā°,sīla°,and paññā°.- Sdhp.355 (saddhā°),392 (+viriya),413 (paññā°) <i>dh °ṃ nikkhipati</i> to take off the yoke,to put down a burden,to give up a charge or renounce a responsibility (see °nikkhepa):<i>nikkhittadhura</i> A.I,71; II,148; III,65,108,179 sq.; <i>a°</i> S.V,197,225; Nd<sup>2</sup> 131; SnA 236 (=dhuravant).-- 3.the forepart of anything,head,top,front; fig.chief,leader,leading part.nāvāya dh.the forecastle of a ship J.III,127=IV.142; dh-vāta head wind J.I,100; ekaṃ dh °ṃ nīharati to set aside a foremost part DA.I,135.‹-› 4.the far end,either as top or beginning J.III,216 (yāva dh-sopānā); IV,265 (dh-sopānaṃ katvā making the staircase end); V,458 (magga-dhure ṭhatvā standing on the far end or other side of the road,i.e.opposite; gloss BB maggantare); VvA.44 (dh-gehassa dvāre at the door of the top house of the village,i.e.the first or last house).<br><br> <i>--gāma</i> a neighbouring village (lit.the first v.that one meets) J.I,8,237; IV,243; DhA.III,414; <i>--dhorayha</i> a yoked ox S.I,173=Sn.79 (viriyam me dh-dh °ṃ); SnA 150.<i>--nikkhepa</i> the putting down of the yoke,the giving up of one’s office J.III,243; Vism.413.<i>--bhatta</i> a meal where a monk is invited as leader of other monks who likewise take part in it J.I,449.v.l.(for dhuva°); III,97 (v.l.dhuva°); Vism.66.<i>--yotta</i> yoke-tie,i.e.the tie fastening the yoke to the neck of the ox J.I,192; VI,253; <i>--vahana</i> bearing a burden (cp.dhorayha) DhA.III,472; <i>--vihāra</i> a neighbouring monastery (cp.°gāma) J.I,23; IV,243; DhA.I,126 (Np.); III,224 (id.); <i>--sampaggāha</i> “a solid grip of the burden” (Mrs.Rh.D.) Dhs.13,22 etc.(opp.nikkhepa); <i>--ssaha</i> enduring one’s yoke Th.1,659.Cp.dhuratā.(Page 342),5,1
  4246. 158528,en,15,dhurata,dhuratā,Dhuratā,Dhuratā,(f.) [abstr.fr.dhura] in cpd.<i>anikkhitta-dh</i>.“a state of unflinching endurance” Nd<sup>2</sup> 394,405=Dhs.13 etc.=Vbh.350,370 (+dhura-sampaggāha); opp.nikkhitta-dh.weakness of character,lack of endurance (=pamāda) ibid.(Page 342),7,1
  4247. 158554,en,15,dhuravant,dhuravant,Dhuravant,Dhuravant,(adj.) [cp.Sk.dhuradhara] one who has or bears his yoke,patient,enduring S.I,214=Sn.187 (:cetasikaviriya-vasena anikkhittadhura SnA 236).(Page 342),9,1
  4248. 158580,en,15,dhusara,dhūsara,Dhūsara,Dhūsara,(adj.) [Sk.dhūsara,Ags.dust=E.dust &#38; dusk,Ger.dust; see dhvaṃsati &#38; dhunoti &#38; cp.Walde,Lat.Wtb.under furo] dust-coloured VvA.335.(Page 343),7,1
  4249. 158593,en,15,dhuta,dhuta,Dhuta,Dhuta,( &#38; <i>Dhūta</i>) [cp.Sk.dhuta &#38; dhūta,pp.of dhunāti] 1.shaken,moved Dāvs.V,49 (vāta°).-- 2.lit.“shaken off,” but always expl<sup>d</sup> in the commentaries as “one who shakes off” either cvil dispositions (kilese),or obstacles to spiritual progress (vāra,nīvaraṇa).The word is rare.In one constantly repeated passage (Vin.I,45=305=II.2=III,21=IV.213) it is an adj.opposed to <i>kosajja</i> lazy,remiss; and means either scrupulous or punctilious.At D.I,5 it is used of a pain.At Sn.385 we are told of a <i>dhutadhamma</i>,meaning a scrupulous way of life,first for a bhikkhu,then for a layman.This poem omits all higher doctrine and confines itself to scrupulousness as regards minor,elementary matters.Cp.Vism.61 for a def<sup>n</sup> of dhuta.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> a set of practices leading to the state of or appropriate to a dhuta,that is to a scrupulous person First occurs in a title suffixed to a passage in the Parivāra deprecating such practices.The passage occurs twice (Vin.V,131,193),but the title,probably later than the text,is added only to the 2nd of the two.The passage gives a list of 13 such practices,each of them an ascetic practice not enjoined in the Vinaya.The 13 are also discussed at Vism.59 sq.The Milinda devotes a whole book (chap.VI,) to the glorification of these 13 dhutaṅgas,but there is no evidence that they were ever widely adopted.Some are deprecated at M.I,282, &#38; examples of one or other of them are given at Vin.III,15; Bu I.59; J.III,342; IV,8; Miln.133,348,351; Vism.59 (°kathā),65 (°cora),72 (id.),80 (def<sup>n</sup>); SnA 494; DhA.I,68; II,32 (dhūtaṅga); IV,30.Nd<sup>1</sup> 188 says that 8 of them are desirable.<i>--dhara</i> mindful of punctiliousness Miln.342 (āraññaka dh.jhāyin).<i>--vata</i> the vow to perform the dhutaṅgas DhA VI,165.<i>--vāda</i> one who inculcates punctiliousness S.II,156; A.I,23; Miln.380; Vism.80; ThA.69; DhA.II,30.<i>--vādin</i>= °vāda J.I,130.(Page 342),5,1
  4250. 158601,en,15,dhuta,dhūta,Dhūta,Dhūta, &#38; Dhūtaṅga see dhuta.(Page 343),5,1
  4251. 158727,en,15,dhutatta,dhutatta,Dhutatta,Dhutatta,(nt.) [Sk.*dhūtatvaṃ] the state of being punctilious Vin.I,305 (of going naked).(Page 342),8,1
  4252. 158755,en,15,dhutta,dhutta,Dhutta,Dhutta,[Sk.dhūrta,from dhūrvati &#38; dhvarati to injure,deceive,cp.Lat.fraus; Idg.<i>*dhreu</i>,an enlarged form of which is <i>*dreugh</i> in Sk.druhyati,drugdha=Ohg.triogan,troum etc.:see duhana] of abandoned life,wild,fast,cunning,crafty,fraudulent; wicked,bad.(m.) a rogue,cheat,evil-minded person,scoundrel,rascal.There are three sorts of a wild life,viz.<i>akkha°</i> in gambling,<i>itthi°</i> with women,<i>surā°</i> in drink (Sn.106; J.IV,255).-- Vin.II,277 (robber,highwayman); A.III,38 (a°); IV,288 (itthi°); J.I,49 (surā°),290,291; II,416; III,287; IV,223,494 (surā°); ThA.250 (itthi°),260 (°purisa),266 (°kilesa); PvA.3,5 (itthi°,surā°),151.‹-› f.dhutti (dhuttī) J.II,114 (°brāhmaṇī).(Page 342),6,1
  4253. 158771,en,15,dhuttaka,dhuttaka,Dhuttaka,Dhuttaka,=dhutta S.I,131; Th.2,366 (=itthi-dhutta ThA.250); DhA.III,207; Dpvs IX.19.-- f.<i>dhuttikā</i> always in comb<sup>n</sup> w.chinnikā (meretrix,q.v.) Vin.III,128; J.II,114; Miln.122.(Page 342),8,1
  4254. 158805,en,15,dhuva,dhuva,Dhuva,Dhuva,(adj.) [Sk.dhruva,cp.Lith.drúta firm; Goth.triggws=Ohg.triuwi (Ger.treue,trost); Ags.tréowe= E.true,of Idg.<i>*dheru</i>,enlarged form of <i>*dher</i>,see dharati] stable,constant,permanent; fixed,regular,certain,sure D.I,18; S.I,142; IV,370; A.II,33; J.I,19; V,121 (°sassataṃ maraṇaṃ); III,325; Bu II.82;Miln.114 (na tā nadiyo dh-salilā).334 (°phala); Vism.77; DA.I,112 (maraṇaṃ apassanto dh.),150 (=thāvara); DhA.III,170 (adhuvaṃ jīvitaṃ dhuvaṃ maraṇaṃ); ThA.241; Sdhp.331.-- nt.permanence,stability M.I,326; Dh.147.Also Ep.of Nibbāna (see °gāmin).-- nt.as adv.<i>dhuvaṃ</i> continuously,constantly,always J.II,24=Miln.172; PvA.207; certainly J.I,18,V.103.-- <i>adhuva</i> (addhuva) changing,unstable,impermanent D.I,19 (anicca a.appāyuka); M.I,326; S.IV,302; J.I,393; III,19 (addhuva-sīla); VvA.77.<br><br> <i>--gāmin</i> leading to permanence,i.e.Nibbāna S.IV,370 (magga); <i>--colā</i> (f.) constantly dressed,of a woman Vin.III,129; <i>--ṭṭhāniya</i> lasting (of shoes) Vin.I,190; <i>--dhamma</i> one who has reached a stable condition DhA.III,289; <i>--paññatta</i> (a) permanently appointed (seat) Vin.IV,274; <i>--bhatta</i> a constant supply of food Vin.I,25,243; II,15 (°ika); J.I,449 (where the v.l.dhura° seems to be preferable instead of dhuva°,see dhurabhatta); cp.niccabhatta; <i>--yāgu</i> constant (distribution of) ricegruel Vin.I,292 sq.; <i>--lohitā</i> (f.) a woman whose blood is stagnant Vin.III,129; <i>--ssava</i> always discharging,constantly flowing J.I,6,V.35.(Page 342),5,1
  4255. 158960,en,15,di°,di°,Di°,Di°,secondary base of numeral “2,” contracted fr.dvi:see under dvi B I.4.(Page 320),3,1
  4256. 158976,en,15,dibba,dibba,Dibba,Dibba,(adj.) [Ved.divya=P.divya in verse (q.v.),Gr.dίos (*divios),Lat.dīus (*divios)=divine.Cp.deva] of the next world,divine,heavenly,celestial,superb,magnificent,fit for exalted beings higher than man (devas,heroes,manes etc.),superhuman,opp.mānusaka human.Freq.qualifying the foll.“summa bona”:<i>cakkhu</i> the deva-eye,i.e.the faculty of clairvoyance,attr.in a marked degree to the Buddha &#38; other perfect beings (see cakkhumant) D.I,82,162; II,20 (yena sudaṃ samantā yojanaṃ passati divā c’eva rattiñ ca); III,219; S.I,196; II,55 sq.; M.II,21; It.52; Th.2,70; Ps.I,114; II,175; Vism.434; Sdhp.482; PvA.5 (of Moggallāna); Tikp 278; Dukp 54.<i>sota</i> the d.ear,matching the d.eye D.I,79,154; J.V,456; also as <i>sotadhātu</i> A.I,255; M.II,19; D.III,38,281; Vism.430.<i>rūpa</i> D.I,153.<i>Āyu</i>,<i> vaṇṇa</i> etc.(see dasa ṭhānāni) A.I,115; III,33; IV,242; PvA.9,89.<i>kāmā</i> Sn.361; Dh.187; It.94; also as kāmaguṇā A.V,273.Of food,drink,dress &#38; other commodities:A.I,182; J.I,50,202; III,189; PvA.23,50,70,76 etc.‹-› Def.as devaloke sambhūta DA.I,120; divibhavattā dibba KhA 227; divibhāvaṃ devattabhāva-pariyāpanna PvA.14.-- See further e.g.S.I,105; D.III,146; Sn.176,641; Dh.236,417; Pug.60; Vism.407 (def<sup>n</sup>),423.<br><br> <i>--osadha</i> magical drugs Miln.283; <i>--kāmā</i> (pl.) heavenly joys (see above) J.I,138 (opp.mānusakā); <i>--cakkhuka</i> endowed with the superhuman eye S.II,156; A.I,23,25; <i>--paṇṇākāra</i> (dasavidha°) the (tenfold) heavenly gift (viz.āyu,vaṇṇa etc.:see ṭhāna) DhA.III,292; <i>--bhāva</i> divine condition or state PvA.110; <i>--yoga</i> union with the gods S.I,60; <i>--vihāra</i> supreme condition of heart Miln.225; <i>--sampatti</i> heavenly bliss J.IV,3; DhA.III,292; PvA.16,30.(Page 322),5,1
  4257. 159367,en,15,dibbati,dibbati,Dibbati,Dibbati,[Sk.dīvyati,pp.dyūta see jūta] to sport,to amuse oneself VvA.18 (in expl.of devī); to play at dice M.II,106 (akkhehi).(Page 322),7,1
  4258. 159493,en,15,dicchati,dicchati,Dicchati,Dicchati,[Sk.ditsati,Desid.fr.dadāti,base 4,q.v.] to wish to give,to be desirous of giving S.I,18,20 (dicchare 3rd pl.); J.IV,64.(Page 320),8,1
  4259. 159507,en,15,diddha,diddha,Diddha,Diddha,[Sk.digdha to <em>dih</em>,see deha] smeared J.V,425 sq.; esp.smeared with poison,poisoned J.IV,435 (sara,a poisoned arrow); perhaps to be read at It.68 for duṭṭha (scil.sara) and at S.II,230 for diṭṭha.Cp.san°.(Page 322),6,1
  4260. 159557,en,15,digha,dīgha,Dīgha,Dīgha,(adj.-n.) [Ved.dīrgha,cp.Caus.drāghayati to lengthen,<i>*dlāgh</i> as in Gr.dolixόs (shaft),e]ndelexήs (lasting etc.; cp.E.entelechy); Lat.indulges; Goth.tulgus (enduring)] 1.(adj.) long D.I,17; M.I,429; S.I,104 (°ṃ addhānaṃ); Sn.146,633 (opp.rassa); Dh.60,409; Pv.I,10<sup>11</sup> (°ṃ antaraṃ all the time); II,9<sup>55</sup> (id.); Th.1,646 (°m-antare); Dhs.617; KhA 245; PvA.27,28,33,46.See def.at Vism.272.-- dīghato lengthways J.VI,185; dīghaso in length Vin.IV,279; atidīgha too long Vin.IV,7,8.-- 2.(m.) a snake (cp.M Vastu II.45 dīrghaka) J.I,324; II,145; IV,330.-- 3.N.of the Dīgha Nikāya (“the long collection”) Vism.96.<br><br> <i>--aṅgulin</i> having long fingers (the 4th of the marks of a Mahāpurisa) D.II,17; III,143,150; <i>--antara</i> corridor J.VI,349.<i>--āyu</i> long-lived (opp.App’āyu) D.I,18; J.V,71.Also as <i>°ka</i> D.III,150; DA.I,135; Sdhp.511; <i>--āvu</i>=°āyu in the meaning of āyasmant (q.v.) J.V,120; <i>--jāti</i> (f.) a being of the snake kind,a snake DhA.III,322; also as °ka at J.II,145; III,250; IV,333; V,449; DA.I,252; <i>--dasa</i> having long fringes D.I,7; <i>--dassin</i> [Sk.dīrghadarśin] far-seeing (=sabba-dassāvin) PvA.196; <i>--nāsika</i> having a long nose Vism.283.<i>--bhāṇaka</i> a repeater or expounder of the Dīgha Nikāya J.I,59; Vism.36,266,286; DA.I,15,131; <i>--rattaṃ</i> (adv.) [Sk.*dīrgharātraṃ,see Indexes to AvŚ; Divy &#38; Lal.V.; otherwise dīrgha-kālaṃ] a long time D.I,17,206; A.V,194; Sn.649; It.8; J.I,12,72; Pv.I,4<sup>4</sup>; II,13<sup>11</sup> (°rattāya=°rattaṃ PvA.165); Pug.15; DhA.IV,24; <i>--loma</i> long-haired Vin.III,129; also as <i>°ka</i> at J.I,484,f.°ikā S.II,228; <i>--sotthiya</i> (nt.) long welfare or prosperity DhA.II,227.(Page 323),5,1
  4261. 159597,en,15,dighaccha,dighacchā,Dighacchā,Dighacchā,(f.) [=jighacchā] hunger A.II,117.(Page 320),9,1
  4262. 159802,en,15,dighanna,dighañña,Dighañña,Dighañña,(adj.) [for jighañña=Sk.jaghanya fr.jaṅghā] inferior,low,last,hindmost (i.e.westward) J.V,24 (where the Com.seems to imply a reading jighacchaṃ with meaning of 1st sg.pot.intens.of ghas,but d.is evidently the right reading),402,403 (°rattiṃ at the end of the night).(Page 320),8,1
  4263. 159966,en,15,dighatta,dīghatta,Dīghatta,Dīghatta,(nt.) [Sk.dīrghatvaṃ] length A.I,54.(Page 323),8,1
  4264. 160076,en,15,diguccha,digucchā,Digucchā,Digucchā,(f.) [=jigucchā; Sk.jugupsā] disgust DhsA.210 (asuci°).(Page 320),8,1
  4265. 160119,en,15,dija,dija,Dija,Dija,see under dvi B I.4.(Page 320),4,1
  4266. 160194,en,15,dikkhita,dikkhita,Dikkhita,Dikkhita,[Sk.dīkṣita “having commenced the preparatory rites for sacrifice”] initiated,consecrated,cira° initiated long since S.I,226=J.V,138,139 (where dakkhita,q.v.; Com.cira-pabbājita).(Page 320),8,1
  4267. 160221,en,15,dina,dina,Dina,Dina,(nt.) [Sk.dina; Lat.nun-dinae (*noven-dinom); Oir.denus; Goth.sin-teins; cp.divasa] day Sdhp.239.<i>--duddinaṃ</i> darkness Dāvs.V,50 (d.sudinaṃ ahosi,cp.I.49,51); also as f.<i>duddinī</i> Vin.I,3.(Page 322),4,1
  4268. 160231,en,15,dina,dīna,Dīna,Dīna,(adj.) [Sk.dīna] poor,miserable,wretched; base,mean,low D.II,202 (?) (°māna; v.l.ninnamāna); J.V,448; VI,375; Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup> (=adānajjhāsaya PvA.107); IV,8<sup>1</sup>; Miln.406; PvA.120 (=kapaṇa),260 (id.),153; Sdhp.188,324.(Page 323),4,1
  4269. 160271,en,15,dinatta,dīnatta,Dīnatta,Dīnatta,(nt.) [Sk.*dīnatvaṃ] wretchedness,miserable state Sdhp.78.(Page 323),7,1
  4270. 160281,en,15,dindibha,dindibha,Dindibha,Dindibha,[cp.Sk.ṭiṭṭibha?] a kind of bird J.VI,538.(Page 322),8,1
  4271. 160293,en,15,dindima,dindima,Dindima,Dindima,(nt.) [Sk.ḍiṇḍima,cp.dundubhi] a musical instrument,a small drum J.VI,580; Bu I.32.See also deṇḍima.(Page 322),7,1
  4272. 160300,en,15,dinna,diṇṇa,Diṇṇa,Diṇṇa,[Sk.dīrṇa,pp.of dṛ,dṛṇāti,see darī] broken,split,undone,torn,as neg.adiṇṇa unbroken D.I,115 (so read for ādina-khattiya-kula; v.l.BB.abhinna°); S.V,74 (so read for ādīna-mānaso,v.l.BB.adinā &#38; SS ādina°).Cp.also ādiṇṇa.(Page 321),5,1
  4273. 160308,en,15,dinna,dinna,Dinna,Dinna,[Sk.dinna,pp.of dadāti] given,granted,presented etc.,in all meanings of dadāti q.v.; esp.of giving alms Pv IV.3<sup>26</sup> (=mahādāna PvA.253) &#38; in phrase adinn’ādāna taking what is not given,i.e.stealing,adj.adinnâdāyin stealing,refraining from which constitutes the 2nd sīla (see under sīla).-- <i>dinna:</i> D.I,55≈(n’atthi dinnaṃ the heretic view of the uselessness of almsgiving); J.I,291; II,128; Sn.191,227,240; Dh.356; PvA.68 (given in marriage).Used as finite tense freq.,e.g.J.I,151,152; VI,366.-- <i>adinna:</i> M.I,39,404; Sn.119 (theyyā adinnaṃ ādiyati),156,395,400,633; PvA.33 etc.<br><br> <i>--ādāyin</i> taking (only) what is given D.I,4; DA.I,72; <i>--dāna</i> almsgiving J.III,52; DhA.I,396; <i>--dāyin</i> giving alms,liberal,munificent D.III,191.(Page 322),5,1
  4274. 160361,en,15,dinnaka,dinnaka,Dinnaka,Dinnaka,an adopted son,in enum<sup>n</sup> of four kinds of sons (atraja,khettaja,antevāsika,d.) Nd<sup>2</sup> 448; J.I,135 (=posāvanatthāya dinna).(Page 322),7,1
  4275. 160465,en,15,dipa,dīpa,Dīpa,Dīpa,<sup>3</sup> [cp.Sk.dvīpa tiger’s skin] a car covered with a panther’s skin J.I,259; V,259=VI,48.(Page 324),4,1
  4276. 160466,en,15,dipa,dīpa,Dīpa,Dīpa,<sup>2</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [Ved.dvīpa=dvi+ap (*sp.) of āpa water,lit.“double-watered,” between (two) waters] an island,continent (mahā°,always as 4); terra firma,solid foundation,resting-place,shelter,refuge (in this sense freq.comb<sup>d</sup> w.tāṇa lena &#38; saraṇa &#38; expl.in Com.by patiṭṭhā) -- (a) lit.island:S.V,219; J.III,187; VvA.19; Mhvs VII.7,41.-- continent:cattāro mahādīpā S.V,343; Vv 20<sup>10</sup> (=VvA.104); VvA.19; PvA.74 etc.Opp.the 2000 paritta-dīpā the smaller islands KhA 133.-- (b) fig.shelter,salvation etc.(see also tāṇa):S.III,42 (atta°+attasaraṇa etc.,not with S Index to dīpa<sup>1</sup>); V,154,162 (id.) IV.315 (maṃ°,not to dīpa<sup>1</sup>),372; A.I,55 sq.(+tāṇa etc.); Sn.501 (atta° selfreliant,self-supported,not with Fausböll to dīpa<sup>1</sup>),1092,1094,1145 (=Satthā); Nd<sup>2</sup> 303; Dh.236 (°ṃ karohi=patiṭṭhā PvA.87); Pv III,1<sup>9</sup> (id.PvA.174); J.V,501=VI,375 (dīpañ ca parāyaṇaṃ); Miln.84,257 (dhamma-dīpa,Arahantship).<br><br> <i>--ālaya</i> resting place J.VI,432; <i>--gabbhaka</i> same J.VI,459,460.(Page 323),4,1
  4277. 160467,en,15,dipa,dīpa,Dīpa,Dīpa,<sup>1</sup> [Ved.dīpa to Ved.<i>dī</i>,dīpyate; Idg.*de<i>ị</i>ā to shine (see dibba,deva); cp.Gr.di/alos,dh_los; see also jotati] a lamp J.II,104 (°ṃ jāleti to light a l.); DhA.II,49 (id.),94 (id.)<br><br> <i>--acci</i> the flame of a lamp ThA.154; <i>--āloka</i> light of a l.J.I,266; VI,391; DhA.I,359; VvA.51; -- <i>(°ṃ)kara</i> making light,shining,illuminating Nd<sup>2</sup> 399 (=pabhaṃ kara Sn.1136; but cp.Dh.236 under dīpa<sup>2</sup>); Vism.203.<i>--tittira</i> a decoy partridge (cp.dīpaka°) J.III,64; <i>--rukkha</i> lit.lamp-tree,the stand of a lamp,candlestick DhA.IV,120; <i>--sikhā</i> the flame (lit.crest) of a l.Vism.171; DhA.II,49.(Page 323),4,1
  4278. 160542,en,15,dipaka,dīpaka,Dīpaka,Dīpaka,<sup>3</sup> in vaṇidīpaka PvA.120 for vanibbaka (q.v.).(Page 324),6,1
  4279. 160543,en,15,dipaka,dīpaka,Dīpaka,Dīpaka,<sup>2</sup> (=dīpa<sup>2</sup>) a (little) island J.I,278,279; II,160.(Page 324),6,1
  4280. 160544,en,15,dipaka,dīpaka,Dīpaka,Dīpaka,<sup>1</sup> (=dīpa<sup>1</sup>) (a) f.<i>dīpikā</i> a lamp,in daṇḍa° a torch DhA.I,220,399,-- (b) (°-) an image of,having the appearance of,sham etc.; in <i>--kakkara</i> a decoy partridge J.II,161; <i>--tittira</i> same J.III,358; <i>--pakkhin</i> a decoy bird J.V,376; <i>--miga</i> a d.antelope J.V,376.(Page 324),6,1
  4281. 160603,en,15,dipana,dīpana,Dīpana,Dīpana,(adj.) illustrating,explaining; f.<i>°ī</i> explanation,commentary,N.of several Commentaries,e.g.the Paramattha --dīpanī of Dhammapāla on Th.2; Pv &#38; Vv.-- Cp.jotikā &#38; uddīpanā.(Page 324),6,1
  4282. 160794,en,15,dipeti,dīpeti,Dīpeti,Dīpeti,[Sk.dīpayati,Caus.to <em>dīp</em>,see dīpa<sup>1</sup> &#38; cp.dippati] to make light,to kindle,to emit light,to be bright; to illustrate,explain A.V,73 sq.; Dh.363; Miln.40; PvA.94,95,102,104 etc.; Sdhp.49,349.Cp.ā°.(Page 324),6,1
  4283. 160854,en,15,dipika,dīpika,Dīpika,Dīpika,[fr.dīpin] a panther J.III,480.(Page 324),6,1
  4284. 160880,en,15,dipin,dīpin,Dīpin,Dīpin,[Sk.dvīpin] a panther,leopard,tiger Vin.I,186 dīpicamma a leopard skin=Sk.dvīpicarman); A.III,101; J.I,342; II,44,110; IV,475; V,408; VI,538.dīpi-rājā king of the panthers Vism.270.-- f.<i>dīpinī</i> Miln.363,368; DhA.I,48.(Page 324),5,1
  4285. 160904,en,15,dipita,dīpita,Dīpita,Dīpita,[pp.of dīpeti] explained Vism.33.(Page 324),6,1
  4286. 160913,en,15,dipitar,dīpitar,Dīpitar,Dīpitar,[n.ag.fr.dīpeti] one who illumines Vism.211.(Page 324),7,1
  4287. 160957,en,15,dippati,dippati,Dippati,Dippati,[Sk.dīpyate,see under dīpa<sup>1</sup> &#38; cp.jotati] to shine,to shine forth,to be illustrious Vin.II,285.Cp.pa°.(Page 322),7,1
  4288. 160976,en,15,dirasannu,dirasaññu,Dirasaññu,Dirasaññu,(adj.) [Sk.dara-saṃjña? See Kern,Toev.p.118] one who has little common-sense J.VI,206,207,213,214.Com.expl<sup>s</sup> wrongly on p.209 with “one who possesses two tongues” (of Agni),but has equivalent nippañña on p.217 (text 214:appapañña+).(Page 322),9,1
  4289. 160997,en,15,disa,disa,Disa,Disa,[Sk.dviṣant &#38; dviṣa (-°); dveṣṭi &#38; dviśati to hate; cp.Gr.deinόs (corynthic dveini/a,hom.dέdvimen) fearful; Lat.dīrus=E.dire] an enemy Dh.42,162; J.III,357; IV,217; V,453; Th.I,874--6; cp.Pss.Breth.,323,n.I.(Page 323),4,1
  4290. 161012,en,15,disa,disā,Disā,Disā,(f.) [Ved.diś &#38; diśā,to diśati “pointing out,” point; cp.Gr.di/kh=diśā] point of the compass,region,quarter,direction,bearings.The 4 principal points usualy enum<sup>d</sup> are <i>puratthimā</i> (E) <i>pacchimā</i> (W) <i>dakkhiṇā</i> (S) <i>uttarā</i> (N),in changing order.Thus at S.I,101,145; II,103; III,84; IV,185,296; Nd<sup>2</sup> 302; Pv.II,12<sup>6</sup> (caturo d.); PvA.52 (catūsu disāsu nirayo catūhi dvārehi yutto),and passim.-- To these are often added the two locations “above &#38; below” as <i>uparimā </i>&<i> heṭṭhimā</i> disā (also as uddhaṃ adho S.III,124 e.g.; also called paṭidisā D.III,176),making in all 6 directions:D.III,188 sq.As a rule,however,the circle is completed by the 4 <i>anudisā</i> (intermediate points; sometimes as vidisā:S.I,224; III,239; D.III,176 etc.),making a round of 10 (dasa disā) to denote completeness,wide range &#38; all pervading comprehensiveness of states,activities or other happening:Sn.719,1122 (disā catasso vidisā catasso uddhaṃ adho:dasa disā imāyo); Th.2,487; Ps.II,131; Nd<sup>2</sup> 239 (see also cātuddisa in this sense); Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup>; II,1<sup>10</sup>; Vism.408.<i>sabbā</i> (all) is often substituted for 10:S.I,75; D.II,15; Pv.I,2<sup>1</sup>; VvA.184; PvA.71.-- <i>anudisā</i> (sg.) is often used collectively for the 4 points in the sense of “in between,” so that the circle always implies the 10 points.Thus at S.I,122; III,124.In other combinations as 6 abbreviated for 10; four disā plus uddhaṃ &#38; anudisaṃ at D.I,222=A.III,368; four d.+uddhaṃ adho &#38; anudisaṃ at S.I,122; III,124; A.IV,167.In phrase “mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati” (etc.up to 4th) the allcomprehending range of universal goodwill is further denoted by <i>uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ</i> etc.,e.g.D.I,250; Vbh.272; see mettā.-- As a set of 4 or 8 disā is also used allegorically (“set,circle”) for var.combinations,viz.the 8 states of jhāna at M.III,222; the 4 satipaṭṭhānā etc.at Nett 121; the 4 āhārā etc.at Nett 117.‹-› See also in other applications Vin.I,50 (in meaning of “foreign country”); II,217; S.I,33 (abhayā),234 (puthu°); III,106; V,216; D.III,197 sq.; It.103; Th.1,874; Vv 41<sup>6</sup> (disāsu vissutā).-- disaṃ kurute to run away J.V,340.<i>diso disaṃ</i> (often spelt disodisaṃ) in all directions (lit.from region to region) D.III,200; J.III,491; Th.1,615; Bu II.50; Pv III,1<sup>6</sup>; Miln.398.But at Dh.42 to disa (enemy),cp.DhA.I,324=coro coraṃ.See also J.P.T.S.1884,82 on Abl.diso=diśatah.Cp.<i>vidisā</i>.<br><br> <i>--kāka</i> a compass-crow,i.e.a crow kept on board ship in order to search for land (cp.Fick,Soc.Gl.p.173; E.Hardy,Buddha p.18) J.III,126,267; <i>--kusala</i> one who knows the directions Vin.II,217; <i>--cakkhuka</i> “seeing” (i.e.wise) in all directions J.III,344; <i>--ḍāha</i> “sky-glow,” unusual redness of the horizon as if on fire,polar light (?) or zodiacal light (?) D.I,10; J.I,374:VI,476; Miln.178; DA.I,95; cp.BSk.diśodāha AvŚ II.198; <i>--pati</i> (disampati) a king S.I,86; J.VI,45; <i>--pāmokkha</i> world-famed J.I,166; <i>--bhāga</i> [Sk.digbhāga] direction,quarter Vin.II,217; <i>--mūḷha</i> [Sk.diṅmūḍha] one who has lost his bearings Dpvs IX.15; <i>--vāsika</i> living in a foreign country DhA.III,176.<i>--vāsin</i>=°vāsika DhA.IV,27.(Page 323),4,1
  4291. 161168,en,15,disata,disatā,Disatā,Disatā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [Sk.*dviṣatā,see disa] state of being an enemy,a host of enemies J.IV,295 (=disasamūha,v.l.as gloss:verasamoha).(Page 323),6,1
  4292. 161169,en,15,disata,disatā,Disatā,Disatā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [Sk.diśatā,see disā] direction,quarter,region,part of the world J.IV,359; Pv.II,9<sup>21</sup> (kiṃ disataṃ gato “where in the world has he gone?”); Vv II.3<sup>2</sup> (sādisatā the circle of the 6 directions,cp.VvA.102).(Page 323),6,1
  4293. 161176,en,15,disati,disati,Disati,Disati,[Ved.diśati,<i>*deik</i> to show,point towards; cp.Gr.dei/knumi (di/kh=diśā),Lat.dico (indico,index=pointer,judex),Goth.gateihan=Ger.zeigen,Ags.taecan=E.token] to point,show; to grant,bestow etc.Usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with pref.<i>ā</i>,or in Caus.<i>deseti</i> (q.v.).As simplex only at S.I,217 (varaṃ disā to be read for disaṃ; cp.Sk.adiśat).See also upa°.(Page 323),6,1
  4294. 161299,en,15,dissati,dissati,Dissati,Dissati,Pass.of *dassati,q.v.(Page 323),7,1
  4295. 161331,en,15,ditta,ditta,Ditta,Ditta,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.dṛpta; cp.dappa] proud,arrogant,insolent; wanton Th.1,198; J.II,432; III,256=485; V,17,232; VI,90,114.(Page 322),5,1
  4296. 161332,en,15,ditta,ditta,Ditta,Ditta,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.dīpta,<em>dīp</em>; cp.dīpa] blazing.Dāvs.V,32.Usually in cpd.āditta.(Page 322),5,1
  4297. 161352,en,15,dittha,diṭṭha,Diṭṭha,Diṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.dviṣṭa,pp.of dveṣṭi <i>dviṣ</i> to hate] (n.) an enemy J.I,280; cp.Sk.dviṣat.-- (adj.) poisoned,in diṭṭhagatena sallena with a p.arrow S.II,230; misreading for diddh-agadena,q.v.The Cy.has diddhagatena with v.l.dibba-gadena.(Page 321),6,1
  4298. 161353,en,15,dittha,diṭṭha,Diṭṭha,Diṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.dṛṣṭa,pp.of *dassati] 1.seen; a° not seen D.I,222 (a°+avedita asacchikata); M.I,3 sq.(diṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhato sañjānāti); Sn.147 (diṭṭhā vā ye vā addiṭṭhā),995 (na me diṭṭho ito pubbe na ssuto ...Satthā); J.II,154; III,278; Pv.I,2<sup>3</sup> (sāmaṃ d.=seen by yourself); 3<sup>3</sup> (id.).-- nt.<i>diṭṭhaṃ</i> a vision J.III,416.-- Since sight is the principal sense of perception as well as of apperception (cp.cakkhu),that which is seen is the chief representation of any sense-impression, &#38; <i>diṭṭha</i> comb<sup>d</sup> with suta (heard) and muta (sensed by means of smell,taste &#38; touch),to which <i>viññāta</i> (apperceived by the mind) is often joined,gives a complete analysis of that which comprises all means of cognition &#38; recognition.Thus <i>diṭṭha+suta</i> stands collectively for the whole series Sn.778,812,897,1079; Pv IV.1<sup>3</sup>; diṭṭha suta <i>muta</i> (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 298 for detail &#38; cp.diṭṭhiyā sutiyā ñāṇena) Sn.790,901,914,1082,1086,1122 (na tuyhaṃ adiṭṭhaṃ asutaṃ amutaṃ kiñcanaṃ atthi=you are omniscient); d.suta <i>muta viññāta</i> in the same sense as Sn.1122 in “yaṃ sadevakassa lokassa d.s.m.v.sabbaṃ taṃ Tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ” of the cognitive powers of the Tathāgata D.III,134=Nd<sup>2</sup> 276= It.121; D.III,232; Sn.1086,1122.-- 2.known,understood M.I,486; Sn.761; diṭṭha pañha a problem or question solved J.VI,532.See also conclusion of No.1.-- 3.(adj.) visible,determined by sight,in conn.with <i>dhamma</i> meaning the visible order of things,the world of sensation,this world (opp.samparāyika dhamma the state after death,the beyond).Usually in cpds.(-°):of this world,in this world.-- diṭṭhadhamma Vin.II,188; D.III,222 sq.; A.I,249; II,61; Nd<sup>2</sup> 297 (=ñātadhamma); DA.I,278; Sdhp.470.-- °abhinibbuta attained to Nibbāna in this birth A.I,142; Sn.1087 (see Nibbāna); °nibbāna earthly N.D.I,36; DA.I,121; °sukhavihāra ( &#38; °in) happy condition (or faring well) in this world Vin.II,188; M.I,40,331,459; S.II,239; Dhs.577,1283; DhsA.296; °vedanīya to be perceived in this condition A.I,249,251; PvA.145.-- Freq.in Loc.<i>diṭṭhe dhamme</i> (in this world) It.17 (attha,opp.samparāyika attha),or <i>diṭṭhe va dhamme</i> (already or even in the present existence) D.I,156,167,177,196; III,108; M.I,341 sq.,485; II,94,103; A.II,155,167; III,429; Sn.141,343,1053; It.22,23,etc.-- In the same sense <i>diṭṭhadhammika</i> (adj.) belonging or referring to this world or the present existence,always contrasted with <i>samparāyika</i> belonging to a future state:Vin.I,179; III,21; D.III,130; A.I,47,98; Nd<sup>2</sup> 26; It.16; VvA.149; PvA.131,etc.<br><br> <i>--ânugati</i> imitation of what one sees,emulation,competition S.II,203; M.I,16; A.I,126; III,108,251,422; Pug.33; DhA.IV,39; <i>--āvikamma</i> making visible or clear,open statement,confession Vin.V,183,187 sq.; <i>--kāla</i> the time of seeing (anybody),opportunity VvA.120; <i>--ppatta</i> one who has obtained (Nibbāna) in this world Nett 190; <i>--padā</i> (pl.) visible signs or characteristics A.IV,103; <i>--maṅgalika</i> (adj.) of <i>puccha</i>,a question concerning visible omina.J.IV,390; as <i>°ikā</i> (f.) Np at J.IV,376 sq.= SnA 185 sq.<i>--saṃsandana</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 447=DhsA.55.(Page 320),6,1
  4299. 161364,en,15,dittha,diṭṭhā,Diṭṭhā,Diṭṭhā,(indecl.) [Sk.dṛṣṭyā,Instr.of diṭṭhi] exclamation of joy,hurrah! D iii.73; J.I,362.(Page 321),6,1
  4300. 161548,en,15,ditthaka,diṭṭhaka,Diṭṭhaka,Diṭṭhaka,(adj.) [=diṭṭha<sup>1</sup>] seen,visible,apparent DhA.II,53,90.(Page 321),8,1
  4301. 161787,en,15,ditthi,diṭṭhi,Diṭṭhi,Diṭṭhi,(f.) [Sk.dṛṣṭi; cp.dassana] view,belief,dogma,theory,speculation,esp.false theory,groundless or unfounded opinion.-- (a) The latter is rejected by the Buddha as pāpa° (A.IV,172) and pāpikā d.(opp.bhaddikā:A.V,212 sq.; It.26):Vin.I,98,323; Dh.164; Pv IV.3<sup>54</sup>; whereas the right,the true,the best doctrine is as sammā d.the first condition to be complied with by anyone entering the Path.As such the sammā d.is opposed to micchā d.wrong views or heresy (see b).Equivalent with micchā d.is kudiṭṭhi (late) Dāvs II.58.-- (b) Characterized more especially as:(a) sammā diṭṭhi right doctrine,right philosophy Vin.I,10; S.II,17; V,11,14,30 sq.,458 sq.,M.I,315; II,12,29,87; III,72; Nd<sup>2</sup> 485; Vbh.104 sq.See magga.-- ujukā d.S.V,143,165; ujugatā d.M.I,46 sq.-- (b) micchā d.wrong theory,false doctrine S.I,145; II,153 (caused by avijjā); M.III,71; Dh.167,316; Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<sup>IIIb</sup>; Vbh.361,389.-- The foll.theories are to be considered as varieties of micchā d.,viz.(in limited enum<sup>n</sup>) akiriyavāda S.III,208; IV,349; aññaṃ aññena S.III,211; antaggāhikā A.I,154; II,240; III,130; antânantikā D.I,22 sq.S.III,214,258 sq.; assāda° A.III,447; ahetukavādā S.III,210; ucchedavādā D.I,34; S.II,20; III,99; 110 sq.; bhava° S.III,93; M.I,65; A.I,83; sakkāya° A.III,438; V,144; Sn.231 (cp.KhA 188); Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<sup>IIIb</sup> (20 fold,as diṭṭhilepa); sassatavādā D.I,13; S.II,20; III,98,213 sq.,258 sq.-- (c) Various theories &#38; doctrines are mentioned &#38; discussed at:Vin.I,115; S.I,133; II,61 sq.,75 sq.,222; III,215 sq.,258 sq.; IV,286; V,448 (=D.I,31); D.III,13 sq.,45,246,267; M.I,40; A.I,32; II,252 sq.; III,132,289,349; Th.2,184; Ps.I,135 sq.; Pug.22; Dhs.392,1003 (cp.Dhs.trsl.pp.257 sq.,293,325); Vbh.145,245,341,393 sq.; Sdhp.13,333.-- (d) Miscellaneous:4 diṭṭhiyo at Vbh.376; also at Vism.511 (sakkāya°,uccheda°,sassata°,akiriya°); 5 Vbh.378; 6 at M.I,8; Vbh.382; 7 at Vbh.383; 20 see under sakkāya°; 62 under diṭṭhigata.-- In series diṭṭhi khanti ruci laddhi characterizing “diṭṭhadhamma” at Nd<sup>2</sup> 299 &#38; passim.Diṭṭhiyā sutiyā ñāṇena in def.of a theory of cognition at Nd<sup>2</sup> 300 as complementing taṇhā:see taṇhā B 3.Coupled with vācā &#38; citta in formula (taṃ) vācaṃ appahāya cittaṃ appahāya diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvā ...(nikkhitto evaṃ niraye) at S.IV,319= D.III,13,15; comb<sup>d</sup> with ( &#38; opposed to) sīla (as pāpaka &#38; bhaddaka) at It.26,27.-- diṭṭhiṃ āsevati to hold a view M.I,323; °ṃ bhindati to give up a view J.I,273; Dāvs II.58.<br><br> --ânugati a sign of speculation Vin.II,108; S.II,203; Pug.33.--ânusaya inclination to speculation D.III,254,282; S.V,60; A.IV,9; --āsava the intoxicant of speculation,the 3rd of four āsavā,viz.kāma°,bhava°,d.°,avijjā° Vin.III,5; Nd<sup>2</sup> 134; Dhs.1099,1448; Vbh.373; cp.°ogha; --upadānā taking up or adhering to false doctrines,the 2nd of the four upādānāni or attachments,viz.kāma°,d.°,sīlabbata°,attavāda° D.III,230; Dhs.1215,1536; --ogha the flood of false doctrine,in set of four ogha’s as under °āsava D.III,230,276; Nd<sup>2</sup> 178; --kantāra the wilderness of groundless speculation Dhs.381,1003,1099,etc.; see °gata; --gaṇṭhi the web or tangle of sophisticism VvA.297; cp.°saṅghāṭa; --gata (nt.) “resorting to views,” theory,groundless opinion,false doctrine,often followed by series of characterizing epithets:d.--gahana,°kantāra,°visūka,°vipphandita,°saññojana,e.g.M.I,8; Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<sup>IIIb</sup>.Of these sophistical speculations 2 are mentioned at It.43,Ps.I,129; 6 at Ps.I,130; 62 (the usual number,expressing “great and small” sets,cp.dvi A.II,) at D.I,12--39 (in detail); S.IV,286; Ps.I,130; Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<sup>IIIb</sup>; Nett 96,112,160.‹-› Vin.I,49; D.I,162,224,226; S.I,135,142; II,230; III,109,258 sq.(anekavihitāni); IV,286 (id.); M.I,8,176,256 sq.(pāpaka),326 (id.),426 sq.; A.IV,68; V,72 sq.,194 (pāpaka); Sn.649,834,913; Pug.15; Dhs.277,339,392,505; Vism.454.-- adj.°gatika adhering to (false) doctrine Dpvs VI,25; --gahana the thicket of speculation Dhs.381,1003; see °gata; --jāla the net of sophistry D.I,46; DA.I,129; --ṭṭhāna a tenet of speculative philosophy D.I,16; M.I,136; A.V,198; Ps.I,138 (eight); Miln.332; DA.I,107; --nijjhānakkhanti forbearance with wrong views S.II,115; IV,139; A.I,189 sq.; II,191; Nd<sup>2</sup> 151; --nipāta a glance VvA.279; --nissaya the foundation of speculation M.I,137; D.II,137 sq.; --pakkha the side or party of sophists Nett 53,88,160; --paṭilābha the attainment of speculation M.III,46; --paṭivedha=prec.D.III,253; --patta one who has formed (a right or wrong) view D.III,105,254; M.I,439; A.I,74; 118,IV.10; V,23; --parāmasa perversion by false doctrine Dhs.1498; --maṇḍala the circle of speculative dogmatics DhsA.109; --vipatti failure in theory,the 3rd of the four vipattiyo viz.sīla°,ācāra°,d.°,ājīva°; opp.°sampadā Vin.V,98; D.III,213; A.I,95,268; Pug.21; Dhs.1362; Vbh.361; --vipallāsa contortion of views A.II,52; --visaṃyoga disconnection with false doctrine D.III,230,276; --visuddhi beauty of right theory A.I,95; M.I,147 sq.; D.III,214,288; --visūka (nt.) the discord or disunion (lit.the going into parties) of theories,the (?) puppet-show of opinion M.I,8,486; Sn.55 (=dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatāni),K S.II,44; Vv 84<sup>26</sup>; Pv IV.1<sup>37</sup>; Nd<sup>2</sup> 301 (=vīsati-vattukā sakkāyadiṭṭhi); cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 25 (attānudiṭṭhi); Dhs.381 (cp.Dhs.trsl.p.101),1003,1099.See also °gata; --vyasana failing or misfortune in theory (+sīla°,in character) D.III,235; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304; --saṃyojana the fetter or bond of empty speculation (cp.°anusaya) D.III,254; A.IV,7 sq.; --saṅghāta the weft or tangle of wrong views (cp.°gaṇṭhi) Nd<sup>1</sup> 343; Nd<sup>2</sup> 503; --samudaya the origin of wrong views A.IV,68; --sampadā success in theory,blessing of right views,attainment of truth D.III,213; 235 (opp.°vipatti),S.V,30 sq.; A.I,95,269; III,438; IV,238; Pug.25; Dhs.1364; VvA.297; --sampanna endowed with right views S.II,43,58,80; V,11; A.III,438 sq.; IV,394; Vbh.366; Dialogues iii.206,n.10; --sārin (adj.) following wrong views Sn.911.(Page 321),6,1
  4302. 161999,en,15,ditthika,diṭṭhika,Diṭṭhika,Diṭṭhika,(adj.) (--°) seeing,one who regards; one who has a view M.III,24 (āgamana° one who views the arrival,i.e.of guests); S.II,168 sq.(sammā° &#38; micchā° hoḷding right &#38; wrong theories); D.III,96 (vītimissa°).See añña°,micchā°,sammā°.(Page 321),8,1
  4303. 162066,en,15,ditthin,diṭṭhin,Diṭṭhin,Diṭṭhin,(adj.-n.) one who has a view,or theory,a follower of such &#38; such a doctrine Ud.67 (evaṃ°+evaṃ vādin).(Page 321),7,1
  4304. 162363,en,15,ditthita,diṭṭhitā,Diṭṭhitā,Diṭṭhitā,(f.) [fr.diṭṭhi] the fact of having a (straightforward) view (uju°) Miln.257.(Page 321),8,1
  4305. 162566,en,15,diva,diva,Diva,Diva,[Sk.diva (nt.),weak base diǔ (div) of strong form d<i>ị</i>ē (see deva) to <i>*deịeǔo</i> to shine; cp.Sk.dyo heaven,divā adv.by day; Lat.biduum (bi-divom) two days] (a) heaven J.IV,134 (°ṃ agā); V,123 (°ṃ patta); PvA.74 (°ṃ gata).-- (b) day Sn.507 (rattindivaṃ night &#38; day); VvA.247 (rattindiva one night &#38; one day,i.e.24 hrs.); DhA.II,8 (divā-divassa so early in the day).Also in divaṃ-kara,daymaker,=sun,VvA.307; usually as <i>divākara</i> (q.v.).Cp.devasika; see also ajja.<br><br> <i>--santatta</i> heated for a whole day J.IV,118 (cp.divasa°) (Page 322),4,1
  4306. 162577,en,15,diva,divā,Divā,Divā,(adv.) [Ved.divā,cp.diva] by day S.I,183; M.I,125; Dh.387; DA.I,251; PvA.43,142,206 (=divasa-bhāge).Often comb<sup>d</sup> &#38; contrasted with <i>rattiṃ</i> (or ratto) by night; e.g.<i>divārattiṃ</i> by day &#38; by night S.I,47; divā c’eva rattiñ ca D.II,20; rattim pi divā pi J.II,133; <i>divā ca ratto ca</i> S.I,33; Sn.223; Dh.296; Vv 31<sup>4</sup>; VvA.128.-- <i>divātaraṃ</i> (compar.adv.) later on in the day M.I,125; J.III,48,498.-- <i>atidivā</i> too late S.I,200; A.III,117.<br><br> <i>--kara</i> (=divaṃ kara) the day-maker,the sun ThA.70 (=Ap.V.16); PvA.155; <i>--divassa</i> (adv.) early in the day,at sunrise,at an early hour Vin.II,190; S.I,89,91,97; A.V,185; M.II,100,112; J.II,1; VI,31; DhA.II,8; VvA.239,242; --<i>vihāra</i> the day-rest,i.e.rest during the heat of the day Vin.I,28,S.I,129,132,146,193=Th.1,1241; Sn.679; <i>--saññā </i>consciousness by day,daily c.D.III,223=A.II,45; <i>--seyyā</i>=°vihāra D.I,112.(Page 322),4,1
  4307. 162650,en,15,divasa,divasa,Divasa,Divasa,(m; nt.only in expression <i>satta divasāni</i> 7 days or a week J.IV,139; Miln.15) [Sk.divasa; see diva] a day A.I,206 (°ṃ atināmeti); J.III,52 (uposatha°); PvA.31 (yāva sattadivasā a week long),74 (sattamo divaso).Usually in oblique cases adverbially,viz.Acc.<i>divasaṃ</i> (during) one day,for one day,one day long A.III,304= IV.317; J.I,279; II,2; DhA.III,173 (taṃ d.that day); eka° one day J.I,58; III,26; PvA.33,67.-- Gen.<i>divasassa</i> (day) by day S.II,95 (rattiyā ca d.ca); J.V,162; DA.I,133.-- Instr.<i>divasā</i> day by day J.IV,310; <i>divasena</i> (eka°) on the same day J.I,59; sudivasena on a lucky day J.IV,210.-- Loc.<i>divase</i> on a day:eka° J.III,391; jāta° on his birth-day J.III,391; IV,138; dutiya° the next day PvA.12,13,17,31,80 etc.; puna° id.J.I,278; PvA.19,38; sattame d.on the 7th day Sn.983; Miln.15; PvA.6; ussava° on the festive d.VvA.109; apara° on another day PvA.81.Also repeated <i>divase divase</i> day after day,every day J.I,87; PvA.3.‹-› Abl.<i>divasato</i> from the day (-°) J.I,50; DA.I,140.<br><br> <i>--kara</i> the “day-maker,” i.e.the sun (cp.divākara) VvA.169,271; <i>--bhāga</i> the day-part (opp.ratti° the night-part),day-time Miln.18 (°ena); PvA.152 (°ṃ),206 (°e=divā); <i>--santatta</i> heated the livelong day S.I,169; M.I,453; A.IV,70,cp.Vin.I,225; Miln.325; cp.diva° (Page 322),6,1
  4308. 162794,en,15,divi°,divi°,Divi°,Divi°,an abstraction fr.divya constructed for etym.expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>dibba</i> as <i>divi-bhava</i> (°bhāva) of divine existence or character,a divine being,in “divi-bhavāni divyāni ettha atthī ti divyā” SnA 219; “divi-bhavattā dibbā ti” KhA 227; “divibhāvaṃ devattabhāvapariyāpanno ti dibbo” PvA.14.(Page 322),5,1
  4309. 162796,en,15,divilla,divilla,Divilla,Divilla,a musical instrument Dpvs XVI,14.(Page 322),7,1
  4310. 162820,en,15,divya,divya,Divya,Divya,[Sk.divya; the verse-form for the prose-form dibba (q.v.)] (adj.) divine Sn.153 (cp.SnA 219 under divi°),524 (+mānusaka); J.VI,172.-- (nt.) the divinity,a divine being (=devatā) J.VI,150; SnA 219.(Page 323),5,1
  4311. 162988,en,15,dobbhagga,dobbhagga,Dobbhagga,Dobbhagga,(nt.) [Sk.daurbhāgya fr.duḥ+bhāga] ill luck,misfortune Vin.IV,277; DhA 281 (text:°dobhagga).(Page 331),9,1
  4312. 162992,en,15,dobha,dobha,Dobha,Dobha,[see dubbha] fraud,cheating D.II,243 (v.l.dobbha= dubbha).(Page 331),5,1
  4313. 163006,en,15,doha,doha,Doha,Doha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk.droha] injuring (-°) DA.I,296.(Page 332),4,1
  4314. 163007,en,15,doha,doha,Doha,Doha,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.doha &#38; dogha] milking,milk J.V,63,433.(Page 332),4,1
  4315. 163016,en,15,dohaka,dohaka,Dohaka,Dohaka,[Sk.<i>doha</i>] a milk-pail J.V,105.(Page 332),6,1
  4316. 163025,en,15,dohala,dohaḷa,Dohaḷa,Dohaḷa,[Sk.dohada &#38; daurhṛda,of du+hṛd,sick longing,sickness,see hadaya.Lüders Gōttinger GelehrteNachrichten 1898,1 derives it as dvi+hṛd] (a) the longing of a pregnant woman J.III,28,333; DhA.I,350; II,139.-- (b) intense longing,strong desire,craving in general J.II,159,433; V,40,41; VI,263,308; DhA.II,86 (dhammika d.).(Page 332),6,1
  4317. 163033,en,15,dohalayati,dohaḷāyati,Dohaḷāyati,Dohaḷāyati,[denom.fr.dohaḷa] to have cravings (of a woman in pregnancy) J.VI,263.(Page 332),10,1
  4318. 163040,en,15,dohalini,dohaḷinī,Dohaḷinī,Dohaḷinī,(adj.-f.) a woman in pregnancy having cravings; a pregnant woman in general J.II,395,435; III,27; IV,334; V,330 (=gabbhinī); VI,270,326,484; DhA.III,95.(Page 332),8,1
  4319. 163066,en,15,dohati,dohati,Dohati,Dohati,[Sk.dogdhi,to which prob.duhitṛ daughter:see under dhītā &#38; cp.dhenu] to milk.-- pres.1 pl.<i>dohāma </i>&<i> duhāma</i> J.V,105; pret.1 pl.duhāmase ibid.; pot.<i>duhe</i> JVI,211; ger.<i>duhitvā</i> SnA 27; pp.<i>duddha</i> (q.v.) -- Pass.<i>duyhati</i> S.I,174 (so read for duhanti); J.V,307; ppr.duyhamāna Miln.41.-- See also dūhana,doha<sup>1</sup>,dohin.(Page 332),6,1
  4320. 163078,en,15,dohin,dohin,Dohin,Dohin,(adj.n.) one who milks,milking M.I,220 sq.=A.V,347 sq.(anavasesa° milking out fully).(Page 332),5,1
  4321. 163087,en,15,dola,dolā,Dolā,Dolā,(f.) [Sk.dolā,<i>*del</i> as in Ags.tealtian=E.tilt,adj.tealt unstable=Sk.dulā iṣṭakā an unstable woman] a swing J.IV,283; VI,341; Vism.280 (in simile).(Page 331),4,1
  4322. 163113,en,15,dolayati,dolāyati,Dolāyati,Dolāyati,[denom.of dolā] to swing,to move to &#38; fro J.II,385.(Page 331),8,1
  4323. 163126,en,15,domanassa,domanassa,Domanassa,Domanassa,(nt.) [Sk.daurmanasya,duḥ+manas] distress,dejectedness,melancholy,grief.As mental pain (cetasikaṃ asātaṃ cet.dukkhaṃ S.V,209=Nd<sup>2</sup> 312; cp.D.II,306; Nett 12) opp.to <i>dukkha</i> physical pain:see dukkha B III,1 a).A synonym of domanassaṃ is appaccaya (q.v.).For def<sup>n</sup> of the term see Vism.461,504.The freq.comb<sup>n</sup> dukkha-domanassa refers to an unpleasant state of mind &#38; body (see dukkha B III,1 b; e.g.S.IV,198; V,141; M.II,64; A.I,157; It.89 etc.),the contrary of <i>somanassaṃ</i> with which dom° is comb<sup>d</sup> to denote “happiness &#38; unhappiness,” joy &#38; dejection,e.g.D.III,270; M.II,16; A.I,163; Sn.67 (see somanassa).-- Vin.I,34; D.II,278,306; S.IV,104,188; V,349,451; M.I,48,65,313,340; II,51; III,218; A.I,39 (abhijjhā° covetousness &#38; dejection,see abhijjhā); II,5,149 sq.; III,99,207; V,216 sq.; Sn.592,1106; Pug.20,59; Nett 12,29 (citta-sampīḷanaṃ d.) 53,Dhs.413,421,1389; Vbh.15,54,71,138 sq.; Dh.I,121.<br><br> <i>--indriya</i> the faculty or disposition to feel grief D.III,239 (+som°); S.V,209 sq.; <i>--upavicāra</i> discrimination of that which gives distress of mind D.III,245; <i>--patta</i> dejected,disappointed J.II,155.(Page 331),9,1
  4324. 163271,en,15,dona,doṇa,Doṇa,Doṇa,[Sk.droṇa (nt.) conn.with <i>*dereǔo</i> tree,wood,wooden,see dabbi &#38; dāru &#38; cp.Sk.druṇī pail] a wooden pail,vat,trough; usually as measure of capacity (4 Āḷhaka generally) Pv IV.3<sup>33</sup> (mitāni sukhadukkhāni donehi piṭakehi).taṇḍula° a doṇa of rice DhA.III,264; IV,15.At J.II,367 doṇa is used elliptically for doṇamāpaka (see below).<br><br> <i>--pāka</i> of which a d.full is cooked,a doṇa measure of food S.I,81; DhA.II,8.<i>--māpaka</i> (mahāmatta) (a higher official) supervising the measuring of the doṇa-revenue (of rice) J.II,367,378,381; DhA.IV,88; <i>--mita</i> a d.measure full D.I,54; M.I,518.(Page 331),4,1
  4325. 163338,en,15,doni,doṇī,Doṇī,Doṇī,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [Sk.droṇi?] an oil-giving plant (?) (or is it= donī<sup>1</sup> meaning a cake made in a tub,but wrongly interpreted by Dhammapāla?) only in <i>--nimmiñjana</i> oil-cake Pv.I,10<sup>10</sup>; as <i>°nimmijjani</i> at Vv 33<sup>38</sup>; expl<sup>d</sup> by telamiñjaka at PvA.51 &#38; by tilapiññāka at VvA.147.(Page 331),4,1
  4326. 163342,en,15,doni,donī,Donī,Donī,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [Sk.droṇī,see doṇa] 1.a (wooden) trough,a vat,tub S.II,259; A.I,253; V,323; J.I,450; Miln.56.-- tela° an oil vat A.III,58 (āyasā made of iron &#38; used as a sarcophagus).-- 2.a trough-shaped canoe (cp.Marāthi ḍon “a long flat-bottomed boat made of unḍi wood,” &#38; Kanarese ḍoni “a canoe hallowed from a log”] J.IV,163 (=gambhīrā mahānāvā p.164); PvA.189.-- 3.a hollow,dug in the ground Miln.397.-- 4.the body of a lute,the sounding-board (?)] I.450; Miln.53; VvA.281.(Page 331),4,1
  4327. 163346,en,15,donika,doṇika,Doṇika,Doṇika,(adj.) [fr.doṇa] measuring a doṇa in capacity Vin.I,240 (catu° piṭaka).(Page 331),6,1
  4328. 163352,en,15,donika,doṇikā,Doṇikā,Doṇikā,(f.)=donī<sup>1</sup>,viz.a hollow wooden vessel,tub,vat Vin.I,286 (rajana° for dyeing); II,120 (mattikā to hold clay) 220 (udaka°),221 (vacca° used for purposes of defæcation).See also passāva°.(Page 331),6,1
  4329. 163385,en,15,dosa,dosa,Dosa,Dosa,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.dveṣa,but very often not distinct in meaning from dosa<sup>1</sup>.On dveṣa see under disa] anger,ill-will,evil intention,wickedness,corruption,malice,hatred.In most freq.comb<sup>n</sup> of either <i>rāga</i> (lust) <i>d</i>.<i> </i>&<i> moha</i> (delusion),or <i>lobha</i> (greed) <i>d</i>.<i> moha</i> (see rāga &#38; lobha),to denote the 3 main blemishes of character.For def<sup>n</sup> see Vism.295 &#38; 470.Interpreted at Nd<sup>2</sup> 313 as “cittassa āghāto paṭighāto paṭigho ...kopo ...kodho ...vyāpatti.” -- The distinction between dosa &#38; paṭigha is made at DA.I,116 as:dosa=dubbalakodha; paṭigha=balavakodha.-- In comb<sup>n</sup> lobha d.moha e.g.S.I,98; M.I,47,489; A.I,134,201; II,191; III,338; It.45 (tīṇi akusalamūlāni).With <i>rāga </i>&<i> moha:</i> Dh.20; It.2=6; with <i>rāga </i>&<i> avijjā;</i> It.57; <i>rāga </i>&<i> māna</i> Sn.270,631 etc.-- See for ref.:Vin.I,183; D.III,146,159,182,214,270; S.I,13,15,70; V,34 sq.; M.I,15,96 sq.,250 sq.,305; A.I,187; II,172,203; III,181; Sn.506; It.2 (dosena duṭṭhāse sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ); Ps.I,80 sq.,102; Pug.16,18; Dhs.418,982,1060; Vbh.86,167,208,362; Nett 13,90; Sdhp.33,43.-- Variously characterised as:8 purisa-dosā Vbh.387; khila,nīgha,mala S.V,57; agati (4 agati-gamanāni:chanda,d.moha,bhaya) D.III,228,cp.133,182; ajjhattaṃ A.III,357 sq.; its relation to kamma A.I,134; III,338; V,262; to ariyamagga S.V,5,8.-- <i>sadosa</i> corrupted,depraved,wicked D.I,80; A.I,112; <i>adosa</i> absence of illwill,adj.kind,friendly,sympathetic A.I,135,195,203; II,192; Vbh.169,210; Dhs.33 (cp.Dhs.trsl.21,99); VvA.14 (+alobha amoha).<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> the fire of anger or ill-will D.III,217; S.IV,19 sq.; It.92 (+rāgaggi moh°); J.I,61; <i>--antara</i> (adj.) bearing anger,intending evil in one’s heart Vin.II,249; D.III,237; M.I,123; A.I,59; III,196 sq.; V,81 (opp.metta-citta); perhaps at PvA.78 (for des°); <i>--kkhaya</i> the fading away,dying out of anger or malice S.III,160,191; IV,250; V,8; Vbh.73,89; <i>--gata</i>=dosa (+paṭigha) S.IV,71; <i>--garu</i> full of anger S.I,24; <i>--dosa</i> (:dosa<sup>1</sup>) spoilt by anger Dh.357; <i>--saññita</i> connected with ill-will It.78; <i>--sama</i> like anger Dh.202; <i>--hetuka</i> caused by evil intention or depravity A.V,261 (pāṇātipāta).(Page 332),4,1
  4330. 163386,en,15,dosa,dosa,Dosa,Dosa,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.doṣa to an Idg.<i>*deu(s)</i> to want,to be inferior etc.(cp.dussati),as in Gr.dέomai,deu/omai] corruption,blemish,fault,bad condition,defect; depravity,corrupted state; usually --°,as khetta° blight of the field Miln.360; tiṇa° spoilt by weeds Dh.356; PvA.7; visa° ill effect of poison Th.1,758,768; sneha° blemish of sensual affection Sn.66.Four kasiṇa-dosā at Vism.123; eighteen making a Vihāra unsuitable at Vism.118 sq.-- J.II,417; III,104; Miln.330 (sabba-d.-virahita faultless); DA.I,37,141.-- pl.<i>dosā</i> the (three) morbid affections,or disorder of the (3) humours Miln.43; adj.with disturbed humours Miln.172,cp.DA.I,133.(Page 331),4,1
  4331. 163395,en,15,dosa,dosā,Dosā,Dosā,(f.) [Sk.doṣā &#38; doṣas,cp.Gr.du/w,du/omai to set (of the sun)] evening,dusk.Only in Acc.as adv.<i>dosaṃ</i> (=doṣāṃ) at night J.VI,386.(Page 332),4,1
  4332. 163623,en,15,dosaniya,dosaniya,Dosaniya,Dosaniya,Dosanīya &#38; Dosaneyya (adj.) [grd.-formation either to dosa<sup>1</sup> or dosa<sup>2</sup>,but more likely=Sk.*dūṣanīya= dūṣya (see dussa<sup>2</sup> &#38; dussati) influenced by dveṣaṇīya] corruptible; polluting,defiling; hateful,sinful S.IV,307; A.II,120; It.84 (where A.III,110 has dussanīya in same context).(Page 332),8,1
  4333. 163868,en,15,dosin,dosin,Dosin,Dosin,(adj.) [to dosa<sup>2</sup>] angry J.V,452,454.(Page 332),5,1
  4334. 163876,en,15,dosina,dosinā,Dosinā,Dosinā,(f.) [Sk.jyotsnā,cp.P.juṇhā) a clear night,moonlight; only in phrase <i>ramaṇīyā vata bho dosinā ratti</i>.“lovely is the moonlight night” D.I,47≈J.I,509; J.V,262; Miln.5,19 etc.Expl<sup>d</sup> in popular fashion by Bdhgh.as “dosâpagatā” ratti DA.I,141.<br><br> <i>--puṇṇamāsī</i> a clear,full moon night Th.1,306,1119; <i>--mukha</i> the face of a clear night J.VI,223.(Page 332),6,1
  4335. 163917,en,15,dovacassa,dovacassa,Dovacassa,Dovacassa,(nt.) [contamination of Sk.*daurvacasya evil speech &#38; *daurvratya disobedience,defiance] unruliness,indocility,bad conduct,fractiousness S.II,204 sq.(°karaṇā dhammā); M.I,95 (id.specified); A.II,147; III,178; Nett 40,127.(Page 331),9,1
  4336. 163927,en,15,dovacassata,dovacassatā,Dovacassatā,Dovacassatā,(f.) [2nd abstr.of dovacassa] unruliness,contumacy,stubbornness,obstinacy A.I,83,III,310,448; V,146 sq.; D.III,212,274; Pug.20; Dhs.1326 (cp.Dhs.trsl.p.344); Vbh.359,369,371.(Page 331),11,1
  4337. 163943,en,15,dovacassiya,dovacassiya,Dovacassiya,Dovacassiya,(nt.)=dovacassa Pug.20; Dhs.1325.(Page 331),11,1
  4338. 163954,en,15,dovarika,dovārika,Dovārika,Dovārika,[cp.Sk.dauvārika,see dvāra] gatekeeper,janitor Vin.I,269; D.II,83; III,64 sq.,100; S.IV,194; M.I,380 sq.; A.IV,107,110; V,194; J.II,132; IV,382 (two by name,viz.Upajotiya &#38; Bhaṇḍa-kucchi),447; VI,367; Miln.234,332; Vism.281; Sdhp.356.(Page 331),8,1
  4339. 163976,en,15,dovila,dovila,Dovila,Dovila,(adj.) [Sk.?] being in the state of fructification,budding J.VI,529 (cp.p.530); Miln.334.(Page 331),6,1
  4340. 164014,en,15,drubha,drūbha,Drūbha,Drūbha,incorrect spelling for dubbha (q.v.) in adrūbhāya Vin.I,347.(Page 332),6,1
  4341. 164025,en,15,du°,du°,Du°,Du°,<sup>2</sup> in cpds.meaning two°; see dvi B II.(Page 324),3,1
  4342. 164026,en,15,du°,du°,Du°,Du°,<sup>1</sup> ( &#38; before vowels <i>dur°</i>) (indecl.) [Sk.<em>duḥ</em> &#38; <em>duṣ</em>=Gr.duζ--,Oir.du-,Ohg.zur-,zer-; antithetic prefix,generally opposed to su°=Gr.eu]-- etc.Ultimately identical with du<sup>2</sup> in sense of asunder,apart,away from= opposite or wrong] 1.syllable of exclamation (=duḥ) “bad,woe” (beginning the word du (j) --jīvitaṃ) DhA.II,6,10=PvA.280,cp.J.III,47; Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> of the syllable see at Vism.494.-- 2.prefix,implying perverseness,difficulty,badness (cp.dukkha).Original form <i>*duḥ</i> is preserved at <i>dur-</i> before vowels,but assimilated to a foll.consonant according to the rules of Assimilation,i.e.the cons.is doubled,with changes of <i>v</i> to <i>bb</i> &#38; usual lengthening <i>dū</i> before <i>r</i> (but also du°).For purposes of convenience all cpds.with du° are referred to the simplex,e.g.dukkaṭa is to be looked up under kata,duggati under gati etc.<br><br> See:A.<i>dur°</i>.akkhāta,accaya,atikkama,atta,adhiroha,anta,annaya,abhisambhava; āgata,ājāna,āyuta,āsada; itthi; ukkhepa,ubbaha.-- B.<i>du°:</i> (k)kata,kara; (g)ga,gata,gati,gandha,gahīta; (c)caja,carita,cola; (j)jaha,jāna,jivha,jīvita; (t)tappaya,tara; (d)dama,dasika; (n)naya,nikkhaya,nikkhitta,niggaha,nijjhāpaya,nibbedha,nīta; (p)pañña,paṭiānaya,paṭinissaggin,paṭipadā,paṭivijjha,paṭivedha,pabhajja,pamuñca,pameyya,parihāra,payāta,pasu,peyya,posa; (p)phassa; (bb=b):bala,balika,budha; (bb=v):dubbaca=) vaca,vacana,vaṇṇa,vijāna,vidū,vinivijjha,visodha,vuṭṭhika; (b) bhaga,bhara,bhāsita,bhikkha; (m)mati,mana,maṅku,mukha,mejjha,medha; (y)yiṭṭha,yuja,yutta; (du+r)=du-ratta,ropaya (dū+r):dū-rakkha; (l)labha; (s)saddhapaya,sassa,saha,sīla; hara.(Page 324),3,1
  4343. 164027,en,15,du,du,Du,Du,<sup>3</sup> (-°) (adj.-suff.) [Sk.druha,<em>druh</em>,see duhana &#38; duhitika] hurting,injuring,acting perfidiously,betraying,only in mitta° deceiving one’s friends S.I,225; Sn.244 expl.as mitta-dūbhaka SnA 287,v.l.B mittadussaka; cp.mitta-dubbhika &#38; mitta-dubbhin.(Page 324),2,1
  4344. 164234,en,15,dubbanna,dubbaṇṇa,Dubbaṇṇa,Dubbaṇṇa,see under vaṇṇa.(Page 327),8,1
  4345. 164277,en,15,dubbha,dubbha,Dubbha,Dubbha,( &#38; dūbha) (adj.) [Sk.dambha,see dubbhati] deceiving,hurting,trying to injure Vin.II,203 (=It.86 where dubbhe); Pv.II,9<sup>3</sup> (mitta°).<i>adubbha</i> one who does not do harm,harmless Pv.II,9<sup>8</sup> (°pāṇin=ahiṃsakahattha).As nt.harmlessness,frankness,friendliness,good-will Vin.I,347 (adrūbhāya,but cp.vv.ll.p.395:adubbhaya &#38; adrabbhāvāya); S.I,225 (adubbhāya trustily); J.I,180 (id.as adūbhāya); spelt wrongly <i>adrūbhaka</i> (for adubbhaka,with v.l.adrabhaka in expl.of adubbha-pāṇin) at J.VI,311.Note:dabhāya (Dat.) is also used in Sk.in sense of an adv.or infinitive,which confirms the etymology of the word.Cp.dobha.(Page 327),6,1
  4346. 164294,en,15,dubbhaka,dubbhaka,Dubbhaka,Dubbhaka,(adj.) [Sk.dambhaka] perfidious,insidious,treacherous Th.1,214 (citta°).Cp.dubbhaya &#38; dūbhaka.(Page 327),8,1
  4347. 164303,en,15,dubbhana,dubbhana,Dubbhana,Dubbhana,(nt.) [Sk.*dambhana] hurtfulness,treachery,injury against somebody (c.Loc.) PvA.114 (=anattha).(Page 327),8,1
  4348. 164362,en,15,dubbhati,dubbhati,Dubbhati,Dubbhati,( &#38; dūbhati) [Sk.dabhnoti cp.J.P.T.S.1889,204:<em>dabh</em> (dambh),pp.dabdha; idg.<i>*dhebh</i>,cp.Gr.a)tέmbw to deceive.Cp.also Sk <em>druh</em> (so Kern,Toev.p.11,s.v.padubbhati).See also dahara &#38; dūbha,dūbhaka,dūbhi] to injure,hurt,deceive; to be hostile to,plot or sin against (either w.Dat.J.V,245; VI,491,or w.Loc.J.I,267; III,212) S.I,85 (ppr.adubbhanto),225; It.86 (dubbhe=dusseyya Com.)=Vin.II,203 (where dubbho); Th.1,1129; J.II,125; IV,261; V,487,503.-- ppr.also dūbhato J.IV,261; ger.dubbhitvā J.IV,79; grd.dubbheyya (v.l.dūbheyya) to be punished J.V,71.Cp.pa°.(Page 327),8,1
  4349. 164369,en,15,dubbhaya,dubbhaya,Dubbhaya,Dubbhaya,=dubbhaka,S.I,107.(Page 327),8,1
  4350. 164402,en,15,dubbhika,dubbhika,Dubbhika,Dubbhika,=dubbhaka,Pv III,1<sup>13</sup> (=mittadubbhika,mittānaṃ bādhaka PvA.175).(Page 327),8,1
  4351. 164412,en,15,dubbhikkha,dubbhikkha,Dubbhikkha,Dubbhikkha,see <i>bhikkhā</i>.(Page 327),10,1
  4352. 164429,en,15,dubbhin,dubbhin,Dubbhin,Dubbhin,(adj.-n.) [Sk.dambhin] seeking to injure,deceitful; a deceiver,hypocrite J.IV,41; Pv.II,9<sup>8</sup> (mitta°); DhA.II,23 (mitta-dūbhin).-- f.<i>dubbhinī</i> VvA.68 (so read for dubbinī).(Page 327),7,1
  4353. 164563,en,15,dubbutthika,dubbuṭṭhika,Dubbuṭṭhika,Dubbuṭṭhika,see under vuṭṭhi.(Page 327),11,1
  4354. 164568,en,15,dubha,dubha,Dubha,Dubha,(num.-adj.) [See dubhaya &#38; cp.dvi B II.] both; only in Abl.<i>dubhato</i> from both sides Th.1,1134; Ps.I,69; II,35,181; Vv 46<sup>21</sup>; VvA.281 (for Vv 64<sup>19</sup> duvaddhato).(Page 327),5,1
  4355. 164573,en,15,dubha,dūbha,Dūbha,Dūbha,(adj.) deceiving,see <i>dubbha</i>.(Page 328),5,1
  4356. 164583,en,15,dubhaka,dūbhaka,Dūbhaka,Dūbhaka,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.dambha,cp.dambholi] a diamond J.I,363=III,207.(Page 328),7,1
  4357. 164584,en,15,dubhaka,dūbhaka,Dūbhaka,Dūbhaka,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Sk.dambhaka] deceiving,treacherous,harmful SnA 287 (mitta°); f.<i>°ikā</i> J.II,297.(Page 328),7,1
  4358. 164590,en,15,dubhana,dūbhana,Dūbhana,Dūbhana,(nt.) deceiving,pillaging,robbing etc.at J.II,388 is to be read as (pantha-) <i>duhana</i>.(Page 328),7,1
  4359. 164603,en,15,dubhaya,dubhaya,Dubhaya,Dubhaya,(num.adj.) [a contaminated form of du(ve) &#38; ubhaya; see dvi B II.] both (see ubhaya) Sn.517,526,1007,1125; J.III,442; VI,110.(Page 327),7,1
  4360. 164604,en,15,dubhi,dūbhī,Dūbhī,Dūbhī,(f.) [cp.Sk.dambha,see dubbhati] perfidy,treachery,J.I,412; IV,57 (v.l.<i>dubhī</i>); VI,59 (=<i>aparādha</i>).(Page 328),5,1
  4361. 164609,en,15,dubhin,dūbhin,Dūbhin,Dūbhin,(adj.) -- dubbhin J.II,180 (vv.ll.dūbha &#38; dubbhi),327; IV,257; DhA.II,23.(Page 328),6,1
  4362. 164762,en,15,duddabha,duddabha,Duddabha,Duddabha,see <i>daddabha</i>.(Page 327),8,1
  4363. 164831,en,15,duddha,duddha,Duddha,Duddha,(Sk.dugdha,pp.of <i>duh</i>,see dohati] milked,drawn Sn.18 (duddha-khīra=gāvo duhitvā gahitakhīra SnA 27); M.II,186.-- (nt.) milk Dāvs.V,26.(Page 327),6,1
  4364. 164910,en,15,dudrabhi,dudrabhi,Dudrabhi,Dudrabhi,[another form of dundubhi,cp.duddabha &#38; dundubhya] a kettle-drum,in <i>Amata°</i> the drum of Nibbāna Vin.I,8=M.I,171 (dundubhi at the latter passage); PvA.189 (v.l.for dundubhi).(Page 327),8,1
  4365. 164922,en,15,dugga,dugga,Dugga,Dugga,[du+ga] a difficult road Dh.327; Pv.II,7<sup>8</sup>.<i>dugge saṅkamanāni</i> passages over difficult roads,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>papā</i> (water-shed) S.I,100; Vv 52<sup>22</sup>; Pv.II,9<sup>25</sup>.(Page 326),5,1
  4366. 165190,en,15,duha,duha,Duha,Duha,(adj.-°.) [Sk.<em>duh</em> &#38; duha; see dohati] milking; yielding,granting,bestowing:kāma° giving pleasures J.IV,20; V,33.(Page 328),4,1
  4367. 165212,en,15,duhana,duhana,Duhana,Duhana,(adj.-n.) [Sk.*druhana,to druh,druhyati to hurt,cp.Oir.droch; Ohg.triogan to deceive,traum= dream; also Sk.dhvarati.For further connections see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under fraus] one who injures,hurts or deceives; insidious,infesting; a robber,only in pantha° a dacoit D.I,135; DA.I,296.-- (nt.) waylaying,robbery (pantha°) J.II,281 (text dūhana),388 (text:panthadūbhana,vv.ll.duhana &#38; dūhana); DhsA.220.-- Cp.maggadūsin.(Page 328),6,1
  4368. 165221,en,15,duhana,dūhana,Dūhana,Dūhana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Sk.dohana,see dohati] milking (-°),in <i>kumbha°</i> filling the pails with milk,i.e.giving much milk (gāvo; cp.Sk.droṇadughā a cow which yields much milk) Sn.309.(Page 328),6,1
  4369. 165222,en,15,duhana,dūhana,Dūhana,Dūhana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [see duhana] infesting,polluting,defaming; robbing,only in <i>pantha°</i> (with v.l.duhana) waylaying J.II,281,388; Tikp 280.(Page 328),6,1
  4370. 165252,en,15,duhati,duhati,Duhati,Duhati,(to milk) see dohati.(Page 328),6,1
  4371. 165281,en,15,duhitika,duhitika,Duhitika,Duhitika,(adj.) [cp.Sk.druha,fr.druhyati] infested with robbers,beset with dangers S.IV,195 (magga).‹-› Note.This interpretation may have to be abandoned in favour of duhitika being another spelling of dvīhitika= hard to get through (q.v.),to be compared are the vv.ll.of the latter at S.IV,323 (S.S.dūhitika &#38; dūhītika).(Page 328),8,1
  4372. 165286,en,15,duhitika,dūhitika,Dūhitika,Dūhitika,see <i>duhitika</i>.(Page 328),8,1
  4373. 165399,en,15,duka,duka,Duka,Duka,(nt.) [see dvi B II] a dyad DhsA.36,343,347,406; Vism.11 sq. &#38; in titles of books “in pairs,on pairs,” e.g.Dukapaṭṭhāna; or chapters,e.g.J.II,1 (°nipāta).(Page 324),4,1
  4374. 165661,en,15,dukkha,dukkha,Dukkha,Dukkha,(adj.-n.) [Sk.duḥkha fr.duḥ-ka,an adj.formation fr.prefix duḥ (see du).According to others an analogy formation after sukha,q.v.; Bdhgh (at Vism.494) expl<sup>s</sup> dukkha as du+kha,where du=du<sup>1</sup> and kha=ākāsa.See also def.at Vism.461.] A.(adj.) unpleasant,painful,causing misery (opp.sukha pleasant) Vin.I,34; Dh.117.Lit.of <i>vedanā</i> (sensation) M.I,59 (°ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna,see also below III,1 e); A.II,116=M.I.10 (sarīrikāhi vedanāhi dukkhāhi).‹-› Fig.(fraught with pain,entailing sorrow or trouble) of <i>kāmā</i> D.I,36 (=paṭipīḷan-aṭṭhena DA.I,121); Dh.186 (=bahudukkha DhA.III,240); of <i>jāti</i> M.I,185 (cp.ariyasacca,below B I.); in comb<sup>n</sup> dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā D.III,106; Dhs.176; Nett 7,112 sq.,cp.A.II,149 sq.<i>ekanta°</i> very painful,giving much pain S.II,173; III,69.<i>dukkhaṃ</i> (adv.) with difficulty,hardly J.I,215.<br><br> B.(nt.; but pl.also dukkhā,e.g.S.I,23; Sn.728; Dh.202,203,221.Spelling dukha (after sukha) at Dh.83,203).There is no word in English covering the same ground as Dukkha does in Pali.Our modern words are too specialised,too limited,and usually too strong.Sukha &#38; dukkha are ease and dis-ease (but we use disease in another sense); or wealth and ilth from well &#38; ill (but we have now lost ilth); or wellbeing and ill-ness (but illness means something else in English).We are forced,therefore,in translation to use half synonyms,no one of which is exact.Dukkha is equally mental &#38; physical.Pain is too predominantly physical,sorrow too exclusively mental,but in some connections they have to be used in default of any more exact rendering.Discomfort,suffering,ill,and trouble can occasionally be used in certain connections.Misery,distress,agony,affliction and woe are never right.They are all much too strong &#38; are only mental (see Mrs.Rh.D.Bud.Psy.83--86,quoting Ledi Sadaw).<br><br> I.Main Points in the Use of the Word.--The recognition of the fact of Dukkha stands out as essential in early Buddhism.In the very first discourse the four socalled Truths or Facts (see saccāni) deal chiefly with dukkha.The first of the four gives certain universally recognised cases of it, &#38; then sums them up in short.The five groups (of physical &#38; mental qualities which make an individual) are accompanied by ill so far as those groups are fraught with āsavas and grasping.(Pañc’upādānakkhandhā pi dukkhā; cp.S.III,47).The second Sacca gives the cause of this dukkha (see Taṇhā).The third enjoins the removal of this taṇhā.And the fourth shows the way,or method,of doing so (see Magga).These <i>ariyasaccāni</i> are found in two places in the older books Vin.I,10=S.V,421 (with addition of soka-parideva ...etc.[see below] in some MSS).Comments on this passage,or part of it,occur S.III,158,159; with expl<sup>n</sup> of each term (+soka) D.I,189; III,136,277; M.I,185; A.I,107; Sn.p.140; Nd<sup>2</sup> under saṅkhārā; It.17 (with dukkhassa atikkama for nirodha),104,105; Ps.I,37; II,204,147; Pug.15,68; Vbh.328; Nett 72,73.It is referred to as dukkha,samudaya,nirodha,magga at Vin.I,16,18,19; D.III,227; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>IIb</sup>; as āsavānaṃ khaya-ñāṇa at D.I,83; Vin.III,5; as sacca No.1+paṭiccasamuppāda at A.I,176 sq.(+soka°); in a slightly diff.version of No.1 (leaving out appiyehi &#38; piyehi,having soka° instead) at D.II,305; and in the formula catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ ananubodhā etc.at D.II,90=Vin.I,230.<br><br> II.Characterisation in Detail.--1.A further specification of the 3<sup>rd</sup> of the Noble Truths is given in the <i>Paṭicca-samuppāda</i> (q.v.),which analyses the links &#38; stages of the causal chain in their interdependence as building up (anabolic=samudaya) &,after their recognition as causes,breaking down (katabolic=nirodha) the dukkha-synthesis, &#38; thus constitutes the Metabolism of kamma; discussed e.g.at Vin 1; D.II,32 sq.=S.II,2 sq.; S.II,17,20,65= Nd<sup>2</sup> 680<sup>I.c</sup>; S.III,14; M.I,266 sq.; II,38; A.I,177; mentioned e.g.at A.I,147; M.I,192 sq.,460; It.89 (=dukkhassa antakiriyā).‹-› 2.<i>Dukkha</i> as one of the 3 qualifications of the saṅkhārā (q.v.),viz.<i>anicca</i>,<i> d</i>.,<i> anattā</i>,evanescence,ill,nonsoul:S.I,188; II,53 (yad aniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ); III,112 (id.) III,67,180,222; IV,28,48,129 sq.; 131 sq.-- rūpe anicc’ânupassī (etc.with dukkh’ &#38; anatt’) S.III,41.anicca-saññā,dukkha° etc.D.III,243; A.III,334,cp.IV.52 sq.-- sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> under saṅkhārā.-- 3.Specification of Dukkha.The Niddesa gives a characteristic description of all that comes under the term dukkha.It employs one stereotyped explanation (therefore old &#38; founded on scholastic authority) (Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>I.</SUP>), &#38; one expl<sup>n</sup> (304<SUP>III,</SUP>) peculiar to itself &#38; only applied to Sn.36.The latter defines &#38; illustrates dukkha exclusively as suffering &#38; torment incurred by a person as punishment,inflicted on him either by the king or (after death) by the guardians of purgatory (niraya-pālā; see detail under niraya, &#38; cp.below III,2 b).-- The first expl<sup>n</sup> (304<SUP>I.</SUP>) is similar in kind to the definition of d.as long afterwards given in the Sāṅkhya system (see Sāṅkhya-kārikā-bhāṣya of Gauḍapāda to stanza 1) &#38; classifies the various kinds of dukkha in the foll.groups:(a) all suffering caused by the fact of being born, &#38; being through one’s kamma tied to the consequent states of transmigration; to this is loosely attached the 3 fold division of d.as dukkha°,saṅkhāra°,vipariṇāma° (see below III,1 c); -- (b) illnesses &#38; all bodily states of suffering (cp.ādhyātmikaṃ dukkhaṃ of Sāṅkhya k.); -- (c) pain &#38; (bodily) discomfort through outward circumstances,as extreme climates,want of food,gnat-bites etc.(cp.ādhibhautikaṃ &#38; ādhidaivikaṃ d.of Sk.); -- (d) (Mental) distress &#38; painful states caused by the death of one’s beloved or other misfortunes to friends or personal belongings (cp.domanassa).-- This list is concluded by a scholastic characterisation of these var.states as conditioned by kamma,implicitly due to the afflicted person not having found his “refuge,” i.e.salvation from these states in the 8 fold Path (see above B I.).<br><br> III,General Application, &#38; various views regarding dukkha.-- 1.As simple sensation (:pain) &#38; related to other terms:(a) principally a vedanā,sensation,in particular belonging to the body (kāyika),or physical pain (opp.cetasika dukkha mental ill:see domanassa).Thus defined as kāyikaṃ d.at D.II,306 (cp.the distinction between śarīraṃ &#38; mānasaṃ dukkhaṃ in Sāṅkhya philosophy) M.I,302; S.V,209 (in def.of dukkhindriya); A.II,143 (sarīrikā vedanā dukkhā); Nett 12 (duvidhaṃ d.:kāyikaṃ=dukkhaṃ; cetasikaṃ= domanassaṃ); Vism.165 (twofold),496 (dukkhā aññaṃ na bādhakaṃ),499 (seven divisions),503 (kāyika); SnA 119 (sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā Sn.67=kāyikaṃ sātāsātaṃ).Bdhgh.usually paraphrases d.with vaṭṭadukkha,e.g.at SnA 44,212,377,505.-- (b) Thus to be understood as physical pain in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>dukkha+ domanassa</i> “pain &#38; grief,” where d.can also be taken as the Gen.term &#38; dom° as specification,e.g.in cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti A.I,157,216; IV,406; S.II,69; rāgajan d °ṃ dom °ṃ paṭisaṃvedeti A.II,149; kāmûpasaṃhitaṃ d °ṃ dom °ṃ A.III,207; d °ṃ dom °ṃ paṭisaṃvediyati S.IV,343.Also as cpd.dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya A.III,326, &#38; freq.in formula soka-parideva-d°-domanass-upāyāsā (grief &#38; sorrow,afflictions of pain &#38; misery,i.e.all kinds of misery) D.I,36 (arising fr.kāmā); M.II,64; A.V,216 sq.; It.89 etc.(see above B I.4).Cp.also the comb<sup>n</sup> dukkhī dummano “miserable and dejected” S.II,282.-- (c) dukkha as “feeling of pain” forms one of the three <i>dukkhatā</i> or painful states,viz.d.-dukkhatā (painful sensation caused by bodily pain),saṅkhāra° id.having its origin in the saṅkhārā,vipariṇāma°,being caused by change S.IV,259; V,56; D.III,216; Nett 12.(d) Closely related in meaning is <i>ahita</i> “that which is not good or profitable,” usually opposed to sukha &#38; hita.It is freq.in the ster.expression “hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya” for a long time it is a source of discomfort &#38; pain A.I,194 sq.; M.I,332 D.III,157; Pug.33.Also in phrases anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya D.III,246 &#38; akusalaṃ ...ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattati A.I,58.-- (e) Under <i>vedanā</i> as sensation are grouped the 3:<i>sukhaṃ</i> (or sukhā ved.) pleasure (pleasant sensation),<i>dukkhaṃ</i> pain (painful sens.),<i>adukkham-asukhaṃ</i> indifference (indifferent sens.),the last of which is the ideal state of the emotional habitus to be gained by the Arahant (cp.upekhā &#38; nibbidā).Their role is clearly indicated in the 4th jhāna:sukhassa pahānā dukkhassa pahānā pubbe va somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkham-asukhaṃ upekhā parisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati (see jhāna).-- As contents of vedanā:sukhaṃ vediyati dukkhaṃ v.adukkham-asukhaṃ v.tasmā vedanā ti S.III,86,87; cp.S.II,82 (vedayati).tisso vedanā:sukha,d°,adukkham-asukhā° D.III,275; S.II,53; IV,114 sq.,207,223 sq.,cp.M.I,396; A.I,173; IV,442; It.46,47.yaṃ kiñc’āyaṃ purisa-puggalo paṭisaṃvedeti sukhaṃ vā d °ṃ vā a °ṃ vā sabban taṃ pubbe katahetū ti=one’s whole life-experience is caused by one’s former kamma A.I,173=M.II,217.-- The comb<sup>n</sup> (as complementary pair) of <i>sukha+dukkha</i> is very freq.for expressing the varying fortunes of life &#38; personal experience as pleasure &#38; pain,e.g.n’âlam aññamaññassa sukhāya vā dukkhāya vā sukhadukkhāya vā D.I,56=S.III,211.Thus under the 8 “fortunes of the world” (loka dhammā) with lābha ( &#38; a°),yasa (a°),pasaṃsā (nindā),sukha (dukkha) at D.III,260; Nd<sup>2</sup> 55.Regarded as a thing to be avoided in life:puriso jīvitukāmo ...sukhakāmo dukkha-paṭikkūlo S.IV,172,188.-- In similar contexts:D.I,81≈; III,51,109,187; S.II,22,39; IV,123 sq.; A.II,158 etc.(cp.sukha).<br><br> 2.As complex state (suffering) &#38; its valuation in the light of the Doctrine:(a) any worldly sensation,pleasure &#38; experience may be a source of discomfort (see above,I.; cp.esp.kāma &#38; bhava) Ps.I,11 sq.(specified as jāti etc.); dukkhaṃ=mahabbhayaṃ S.I,37; bhārādānaṃ dukkhaṃ loke bhāra-nikkhepanaṃ sukhaṃ (pain is the great weight) S.III,26; kāmānaṃ adhivacanaṃ A.III,310; IV,289; cp.A.III,410 sq.(with kāmā,vedanā,saññā,āsavā,kamma,dukkhaṃ).-- (b) <i>ekanta°</i> (extreme pain) refers to the suffering of sinful beings in <i>Niraya</i>, &#38; it is open to conjecture whether this is not the first &#38; orig.meaning of dukkha; e.g.M.I,74; A.II,231 (vedanaṃ vediyati ekanta-d°ṃ seyyathā pi sattā nerayikā); see ekanta.In the same sense:...upenti Roruvaṃ ghoraṃ cirarattaṃ dukkhaṃ anubhavanti S.I,30; niraya-dukkha Sn.531; pecca d°ṃ nigacchati Sn.278,742; anubhonti d°ṃ kaṭuka-pphalāni Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup> (=āpāyikaṃ d°ṃ PvA.60); PvA.67; mahādukkhaṃ anubhavati PvA.43,68,107 etc.atidukkhaṃ PvA.65; dukkhato pete mocetvā PvA.8.-- (c) to suffer pain,to experience unpleasantness etc.is expressed in foll.terms:dukkhaṃ anubhavati (only w.ref.to Niraya,see b); anveti Dh.1 (=kāyikaṃ cetasikaṃ vipāka-dukkhaṃ anugacchati DhA.I,24),upeti Sn.728; carati S.I,210; nigacchati M.I,337; Sn.278,742; paṭisaṃvedeti M.I,313 (see above); passati S.I,132 (jāto dukkhāni passati:whoever is born experiences woe); vaḍḍheti S.II,109; viharati A.I,202; II,95; III,3; S.IV,78 (passaddhiyā asati d°ṃ v.dukkhino cittaṃ na samādhiyati); vedayati,vediyati,vedeti etc.see above III,1 e; sayati A.I,137.-- (d) More specific reference to the cause of suffering &#38; its removal by means of enlightenment:(a) Origin (see also above I. &#38; II.1):dukkhe loko patiṭṭhito S.I,40; yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti sabbaṃ saṅkhāra-paccayā Sn.731; ye dukkhaṃ vaḍḍhenti te na parimuccanti jātiyā etc.S.II,109; d°ṃ ettha bhiyyo Sn.61,584; yo paṭhavī-dhātuṃ abhinandati dukkhaṃ so abhin° Si I.174; taṇhā d °ssa samudayo etc.Nett 23 sq.; as result of sakkāyadiṭṭhi S.IV,147,of chanda S.I,22 of upadhi S.II,109,cp.upadhīnidānā pabhavanti dukkhā Sn.728; d°ṃ eva hi sambhoti d°ṃ tiṭṭhati veti ca S.I,135.-- (b) Salvation from Suffering (see above I.):kathaṃ dukkhā pamuccati Sn.170; dukkhā pamuccati S.I,14; III,41,150; IV,205; V,451; na hi putto pati vā pi piyo d °ā pamocaye yathā saddhamma-savanaṃ dukkhā moceti pāṇinaṃ S.I,210; na appatvā lokantaṃ dukkhā atthi pamocanaṃ A.II,49.Kammakkhayā ...sabbaṃ d°ṃ nijjiṇṇaṃ bhavissati M.II,217,cp.I.93.kāme pahāya ...d°ṃ na sevetha anatthasaṃhitaṃ S.I,12=31; rūpaṃ (etc.) abhijānaṃ bhabbo d --°kkhayāya S.III,27; IV,89; d°ṃ pariññāya sakhettavatthuṃ Tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ Sn.473.pajahati d°ṃ Sn.789,1056.dukkhassa samudayo ca atthaṅgamo ca S.II,72; III,228 sq.; IV,86,327.– dukkhass’antakaro hoti M.I,48; A.III,400 sq.; It.18; antakarā bhavāmase Sn.32; antaṃ karissanti Satthu sāsana-kārino A.II,26; d °parikkhīṇaṃ S.II,133; akiñcanaṃ nânupatanti dukkhā S.I,23; saṅkhārānaṃ nirodhena n’atthi d°assa sambhavo Sn.731.-- muniṃ d°assa pārayuṃ S.I,195=Nd<sup>2</sup> 136<sup>v</sup>; antagū ‘si pāragū d°assa Sn.539.– saṅg’ātiko maccujaho nirūpadhi pahāya d°ṃ apunabbhavāya S.IV,158; ucchinnaṃ mūlaṃ d°assa,n’atthi dāni punabbhavo Vin.I,231= D.II,91.<br><br> <i>--âdhivāha</i> bringing or entailing pain S.IV,70; <i>--anubhavana</i> suffering pain or undergoing punishment (in Niraya) J.IV,3; <i>--antagū</i> one who has conquered suffering Sn.401; <i>--âbhikiṇṇa</i> beset with pain,full of distress It.89; <i>--âsahanatā</i> non-endurance of ills Vism.325.<i>--indriya</i> the faculty of experiencing pain,painful sensation S.V,209,211; Dhs.556,560; Vbh.15,54,71; <i>--udraya</i> causing or yielding pain,resulting in ill,yielding distress M.I,415 sq.; A.I,97; IV,43 (+dukkhavipāka); V,117 (dukh°),243; J.IV,398; of kamma:Ps.I,80; II,79; Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup> (so read for dukkhandriya,which is also found at PvA.60); DhA.II,40 (°uddaya); <i>--ûpadhāna</i> causing pain Dh.291; <i>--ûpasama</i> the allayment of pain or alleviation of suffering,only in phrase (aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo) d-ûpasama-gāmino S.III,86; It.106; Sn.724=Dh.191; -- <i>(m)esin</i> wishing ill,malevolent J.IV,26; <i>--otiṇṇa</i> fallen into misery S.III,93; M.I,460; II,10; <i>--kāraṇa</i> labour or trials to be undergone as punishment DhA.III,70 (see Dh.138,139 &#38; cp.dasa<sup>1</sup> B 1 b); <i>--khandha</i> the aggregate of suffering,all that is called pain or affliction (see above B II.1) S.II,134; III,93; M.I,192 sq.; 200 sq.; etc.; -- <i>khaya</i> the destruction of pain,the extinction of ill M.I,93; II,217 (kammakkhayā d-kkhayo); S.III,27; Sn.732.Freq.in phrase (nīyāti or hoti) sammā-d-kkhayāya “leads to the complete extinction of ill,” with ref.to the Buddha’s teaching or the higher wisdom,e.g.of brahmacariyā S.II,24; of paññā D.III,268; A.III,152 sq.; of ariyā diṭṭhi D.III,264=A.III,132; of <i>sikkhā</i> A.II,243; of dhamma M.I,72; <i>--dhamma</i> the principle of pain,a painful object,any kind of suffering (cp.°khandha) D.III,88; S.IV,188 (°ānaṃ samudayañ ca atthagamañ ca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti); It.38 (nirodha °anaṃ); <i>--nidāna</i> a source of pain M.II,223; Dhs.1059,1136; <i>--nirodha</i> the destruction of pain,the extinction of suffering (see above B II.1) M.I,191; II,10; A.III,410,416; etc.; <i>--paṭikkūla</i> averse to pain,avoiding unpleasantness,in comb<sup>n</sup> sukhakāmo d-p.S.IV,172 (spelt °kulo),188; M.I,341; <i>--patta</i> being in pain J.VI,336; <i>--pareta</i> afflicted by pain or misery S.III,93; It.89=A.I,147; <i>--bhummi</i> the soil of distress Dhs.985; <i>--vāca</i> hurtful speech Pv.I,3<sup>2</sup> (should probably be read duṭṭha°); <i>--vipāka</i> (adj.) having pain as its fruit,creating misery S.II,128; D.III,57,229; A.II,172 (kamma); Ps.II,79 (id.); <i>--vepakka</i> =°vipāka Sn.537 (kamma); <i>--saññā</i> the consciousness of pain Nett 27; <i>--samudaya</i> the rise or origin of pain or suffering (opp.°nirodha; see above B II.1) S.IV,37; M.I,191; II,10; III,267; Vbh.107 (taṇhā ca avasesā ca kilesā:ayaṃ vuccati d-s.); <i>--samphassa</i> contact with pain M.I,507; Dhs.648; f.abstr.<i>°tā</i> Pug.33; <i>--seyya</i> an uncomfortable couch DhA.IV,8.(Page 324),6,1
  4375. 166022,en,15,dukkhapana,dukkhāpana,Dukkhāpana,Dukkhāpana,(nt.) [abstr.to dukkhāpeti] bringing sorrow,causing pain Miln.275 sq.,351.(Page 326),10,1
  4376. 166121,en,15,dukkhapeti,dukkhāpeti,Dukkhāpeti,Dukkhāpeti,[caus.to dukkha] to cause pain,to afflict J.IV,452; Miln.276 sq.; PvA.215.-- pp.<i>dukkhāpita</i>.(Page 326),10,1
  4377. 166150,en,15,dukkhapita,dukkhāpita,Dukkhāpita,Dukkhāpita,[pp.of <i>dukkhāpeti</i>] pained,afflicted Miln.79,180.(Page 326),10,1
  4378. 166357,en,15,dukkhata,dukkhatā,Dukkhatā,Dukkhatā,(f.) [cp.Sk.duḥkhatā,abstr.to dukkha] state of pain,painfulness,discomfort,pain (see dukkha B III,1 c) D.III,216; S.IV,259; V,56; Nett 12 (expl.).(Page 326),8,1
  4379. 166375,en,15,dukkhati,dukkhati,Dukkhati,Dukkhati,[fr.dukkha] to be painful Vism.264.(Page 326),8,1
  4380. 166380,en,15,dukkhatta,dukkhatta,Dukkhatta,Dukkhatta,(nt.) [Sk.*duhkhatvaṃ]=dukkhatā D.III,106 (+dandhatta).(Page 326),9,1
  4381. 166535,en,15,dukkhin,dukkhin,Dukkhin,Dukkhin,(adj.-n.) [Sk.duḥkhin] 1.afflicted,grieved,miserable S.I,103 sq.,129 sq.,II.282 (+dummano); IV,78; A.III,57.-- 2.a loser in the game J.II,160.(Page 326),7,1
  4382. 166545,en,15,dukkhita,dukkhita,Dukkhita,Dukkhita,(adj.) [Sk.duḥkhita; pp.of *dukkhāpeti] afflicted,dejected,unhappy,grieved,disappointed; miserable,suffering,ailing (opp.sukhita) D.I,72 (puriso ābādhiko d.bāḷha-gilāno); II,24; S.I,149; III,11=IV.180 (sukhitesu sukhito dukkhitesu dukkhito); V,211; M.I,88; II,66; Vin.IV,291; Sn.984,986; J.IV,452; Miln.275; DhA.II,28; VvA.67.(Page 326),8,1
  4383. 166557,en,15,dukkhiyati,dukkhīyati,Dukkhīyati,Dukkhīyati,[Sk.duḥkhīyati &#38; duḥkhāyati denom.fr.dukkha; cp.vediyati &#38; vedayati] to feel pain,to be distressed DhA.II,28 (=vihaññati).(Page 326),10,1
  4384. 166642,en,15,dukula,dukūla,Dukūla,Dukūla,[Sk.dukūla] a certain (jute?) plant; (nt.) [cp.Sk.dukūlaṃ woven silk] very fine cloth,made of the fibre of the d.plant S.III,145; A.IV,393; J.II,21; IV,219; V,400; VI,72; Vism.257,262; VvA.165; DA.I,140; Dāvs.V,27.(Page 324),6,1
  4385. 166753,en,15,duma,duma,Duma,Duma,[Sk.druma=Gr.drumόs,see dāru] tree A.III,43; J.I,87,272; II,75,270; VI,249,528; Vv 84<sup>14</sup>; Miln.278,347; VvA.161.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> 1.the top of a tree J.II,155.-- 2.a splendid tree Vv 35<sup>4</sup>.-- 3.a tooth-pick J.V,156; <i>--inda</i> “king of trees,” the Bodhi tree Dpvs.I,7; <i>--uttama</i> a magnificent tree Vv 39<sup>3</sup>; <i>--phala</i> fruit of a tree M.II,74; Vism.231 (in comparison).(Page 327),4,1
  4386. 166951,en,15,dundubhi,dundubhi,Dundubhi,Dundubhi,(m. &#38; f.) [Sk.dundubhi,onomat.; cp.other forms under daddabha,dudrabhi] a kettle-drum,the noise of a drum,a heavy thud,thunder (usually as deva° in the latter meaning) Pv III,3<sup>4</sup>; J.VI,465; PvA.40,189 (v.l.dudrabhi).-- Amata° the drum of Nibbāna M.I,171=Vin.I,8 (:dudrabhi); deva° thunder D.II,156; A.IV,311.(Page 327),8,1
  4387. 167126,en,15,dupatto,dupaṭṭo,Dupaṭṭo,Dupaṭṭo,see dvi B II.(Page 327),7,1
  4388. 167424,en,15,dura,dūra,Dūra,Dūra,(adj.) [Sk.dūra,Ved.duva (stirring,urging on),compar.davīyān,Av.dūrō (far),<i>*dāu;</i> cp.Ohg.zawen,Goth.taujan=E.do.Another form is <i>*deǔā</i>,far in respect to time,as in Gr.dήn,dhrόn,Lat.dū-dum (cp.dū-rare=en-dure).See also dutiya &#38; dūta] far,distant,remote,opp.<i>āsanna</i> (J.II,154) or <i>santika</i> (Dhs.677; Vism.402).-- PvA.117.Often in cpds.(see below),also as <i>dūri°</i>,e.g.dūri-bhāva distance Vism.71,377; DhsA.76.-- Cases mostly used adverbially,viz.Acc.<i>dūraṃ</i> far J.II,154; DhA.I,192.-- Abl.<i>dūrato</i> from afar,aloof Vin.I,15; II,195; S.I,212; Sn.511; Dh.219; J.V,78 (dūra-dūrato); Miln.23; PvA.107.dūrato karoti to keep aloof from PvA.17.-Loc.<i>dūre</i> at a distance,also as prep.away from,far from (c.Abl.),e.g.Sn.468; J.II,155,449 (=ārā); III,189.-- Sn.772; Dh.304; J.VI,364; Dhs.677.-- <i>dūre-pātin</i> one who shoots far [cp.Sk.dūra-pātin] A.I,284; II,170,202.J.IV,494.See also akkhaṇavedhin.-- <i>atidūre</i> too far Vin.II,215.<br><br> <i>--kantana</i> at Th.1,1123:the correct reading seems to be the v.l.durākantana,see ākantana; <i>--gata</i> gone far away Pv.II,13<sup>4</sup> (=paralokagata PvA.164); DhA.III,377 (durā°).<i>--(ṃ)gama</i> far-going,going here &#38; there Dh.37 (cp.DhA.I,304); Pv.II,9<sup>10</sup>; <i>--ghuṭṭha</i> farrenowned Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup>; <i>--vihāra</i> (-vuttin) living far away Sn.220.(Page 328),4,1
  4389. 167538,en,15,durakkha,dūrakkha,Dūrakkha,Dūrakkha,[du<sup>1</sup>+rakkha] see rakkha &#38; cp.du<sup>1</sup>.(Page 328),8,1
  4390. 167664,en,15,duratta,dūratta,Dūratta,Dūratta,(adj.) [du<sup>1</sup>+ratta] reddish M.I,36 (°vaṇṇa).(Page 328),7,1
  4391. 167831,en,15,dusaka,dūsaka,Dūsaka,Dūsaka,(adj.-n.) [Sk.dūṣaka] corrupting,disgracing,one who defiles or defames; a robber,rebel A.V,71 (bhikkhunī°); J.II,270; IV,495; Sn.89 (kula° one who spoils the reputation of the clan); DhA.II,23 (kuṭi° an incendiary); Miln.20 (pantha°).As <i>dussaka</i> at J.V,113 (kamma°); SnA.287 (mitta°,v.l.B.for dūbhaka).-- panthadūsaka a highwayman Miln.290.-- f.<i>dūsikā</i> J.III,179 (also as <i>dūsiyā</i>=dosakārikā); <i>a°</i> harmless Sn.312 (see a°).(Page 328),6,1
  4392. 167846,en,15,dusana,dūsana,Dūsana,Dūsana,(nt.) [see dūseti] spoiling,defiling J.II,270; Sdhp.453.(Page 328),6,1
  4393. 167901,en,15,duseti,dūseti,Dūseti,Dūseti,[Sk.dūṣayati,caus.of dussati (q.v.).Also as <i>dusseti</i> PvA.82] to spoil,ruin; to injure,hurt; to defile,pollute,defame Vin.I,79,85,86; IV,212 (maṃ so dūsetukāmo,said by a bhikkhunī),316 (dūsetuṃ); A.IV,169 sq.; J.I,454; II,270; DhA.II,22 (kuṭiṃ,damage,destroy).-- aor.<i>dūsayi</i> J.II,110 (fared ill).-- pp.<i>dūsita</i>.Cp.pa°,pari°.(Page 328),6,1
  4394. 167932,en,15,dusin,dūsin,Dūsin,Dūsin,(adj.-n.) [Sk.dūṣin]=dūsạka,in <i>magga°</i> (cp.pantha-dusaka) a highway robber Sn.84 sq (Page 328),5,1
  4395. 167938,en,15,dusita,dūsita,Dūsita,Dūsita,[Sk.dūṣita,pp.of dūseti] depraved,sinful,evil PvA.226 (°citta).(Page 328),6,1
  4396. 167971,en,15,dussa,dussa,Dussa,Dussa,<sup>2</sup> at J.III,54 is usually taken as=amussa (cp.amuka).C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “near,” &#38; adds “asammussa.” Or is it Sk.dūṣya easily spoilt? See on this passage Andersen Pali Reader II.124.(Page 327),5,1
  4397. 167972,en,15,dussa,dussa,Dussa,Dussa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Sk.dūrśa &#38; dūṣya] woven material,cloth,turban cloth; (upper) garment,clothes Vin.I,290; II,128,174; IV,159.D.I,103; S.V,71; M.I,215; II,92; A.V,347; Sn.679; Pv.I,10<sup>3</sup> (=uttarīyaṃ sāṭakaṃ PvA.49); II,3<sup>14</sup>; Pug.55; PvA.73,75.-- cīvara°,q.v.; chava° a miserable garment D.I,166; A.I,295; II,206; M.I,78,308.<br><br> <i>--karaṇḍaka</i> a clothes-chest S.V,71=M.I,215; A.IV,230; <i>--koṭṭhagāra</i> a store-room for cloth or clothes DhA.I,220,393; <i>--gahaṇa</i> (-maṅgala) (the ceremony of) putting on a garment DhA.II,87; <i>--cālanī</i> a cloth sieve Vin.I,202; <i>--paṭṭa</i> turban cloth Vin.II,266 (=setavattha-paṭṭa Bdhgh.); S.II,102; <i>--phala</i> having clothes as fruit (of magic trees,cp.kapparukkha) Vv 46<sup>2</sup> (cp.VvA.199); <i>--maya</i> consisting in clothes Vv 46<sup>7</sup> (cp.VvA.199); <i>--yuga</i> a suit of garments Vin.I,278; M.I,215=S.V,71; Miln.31 (cp.M Vastu I.61); DhA.IV,11; <i>--ratana</i> “a pearl of a garment,” a fine garment Miln.262.<i>--vaṭṭi</i> fringed cotton cloth Vin.II,266.<i>--veṇi</i> plaited cotton cloth Vin.II,266.(Page 327),5,1
  4398. 168020,en,15,dussaka,dussaka,Dussaka,Dussaka,=dūsaka (q.v.).(Page 327),7,1
  4399. 168075,en,15,dussana,dussanā,Dussanā,Dussanā,(f.) &#38; Dussana (nt.) [Sk.dūṣana,cp.dussati] defilement,guilt A.II,225; Pug.18,22; Dhs.418,1060; DA.I,195 (rajjana-d.muyhana).(Page 328),7,1
  4400. 168099,en,15,dussaniya,dussanīya,Dussanīya,Dussanīya,(adj.) [cp.Sk.dveṣanīya,because of doṣa= dveṣa taken to <em>dus</em>] able to give offence,hateful,evil (always comb<sup>d</sup> with rajanīya,cp.rāga dosa moha) A.III,110 (dusanīye dussati,where It.84 has dosaneyye); J.VI,9; Miln.386.(Page 328),9,1
  4401. 168167,en,15,dussassa,dussassa,Dussassa,Dussassa,see sassa.(Page 328),8,1
  4402. 168180,en,15,dussati,dussati,Dussati,Dussati,[Sk.duṣyati,denom.fr.pref.duḥ (du°); pp.duṣṭha,caus.dūṣayati] to be or become bad or corrupted,to get damaged; to offend against,to do wrong Vin.II,113; S.I,13=164; Dh.125=PvA.116; Dh.137; It.84 (dosancyye na d.) cp.A.III,110 (dussanīye d.); J.VI,9; Miln.101,386.-- pp.<i>duṭṭha</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>dūseti</i> (q.v.).See also dosa<sup>1</sup> &#38; dosaniya; &#38; pa°.(Page 327),7,1
  4403. 168242,en,15,dussika,dussika,Dussika,Dussika,a cloth merchant J.VI,276; Miln.262,331 sq.(Page 328),7,1
  4404. 168309,en,15,dussitatta,dussitatta,Dussitatta,Dussitatta,(nt.) [Sk.*dūṣitatva]=dussanā,Pug.18,22.(Page 328),10,1
  4405. 168338,en,15,duta,dūta,Dūta,Dūta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Sk.dyūta,see jūta] play,gaming,gambling J.IV,248.(Page 328),4,1
  4406. 168339,en,15,duta,dūta,Dūta,Dūta,<sup>1</sup> [Ved.dūta,prob.to dūra (q.v.) as “one who is sent (far) away,” also perhaps Gr.dou=los slave.See Walde,Lat.Wtb.under dudum] a messenger,envoy Vin.I,16; II,32,277; D.I,150; S.IV,194; Sn.411 (rāja°),417.‹-› deva° Yama’s envoy,Death’s messenger A.I,138,142; M.II,75 sq.; J.I,138.-- °ṃ pāheti to send a messenger Miln.18,PvA.133.(Page 328),4,1
  4407. 168384,en,15,duteyya,dūteyya,Dūteyya,Dūteyya,(nt.) [Sk.dūtya,but varying in meaning] errand,commission,messages A.IV,196; J.III,134; DA.I,78.‹-› °ṃ gacchati to go on an errand Vin.II,202; °ṃ harati to obtain a commission Vin.III,87; IV,23.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> doing a messenger’s duty Vin.I,359; <i>--pahiṇagamana</i> sending &#38; going on messages D.I,5=M.III,34; A.II,209; M.I,180.(Page 328),7,1
  4408. 168428,en,15,dutiya,dutiya,Dutiya,Dutiya,(num.ord.) [Sk.dvitīya,with reduction of dvi to du,as in comp<sup>n</sup> mentioned under dvi B II.For the meaning “companion” cp.num.ord.for two in Lat.secundus ‹ sequor,i.e.he who follows, &#38; Gr.deu/teros› deu/omai he who stays behind,also Sk.davīyas farther] (a) (num.) the second,the following J.II,102,110; dutiyaṃ for the second time (cp.tatiyaṃ in series 1,2,3) Vin.II,188; D.II,155.-- (b) (adj.n.) one who follows or is associated with,an associate of; accompanying or accompanied by (-°); a companion,friend,partner Vin.IV,225; S.I,25 (saddhā dutiyā purisassa hoti=his 2nd self); IV,78 (id.) I.131; It.9; J.V,400; Th.2,230 (a husband); Sn.49 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 305,where two kinds of associates or companions are distinguished,viz.taṇhā° &#38; puggalo°).taṇhā-dutiyā either “connected with thirst” or “having thirst as one’s companion” (see taṇhā) S.IV,37; It.109=A.II,10; bilaṅga° kaṇājaka (rice with sour gruel) Vin.II,77; S.I,90,91.-- <i>adutiya</i> alone,unaccompanied PvA.161.(Page 327),6,1
  4409. 168496,en,15,dutiyaka,dutiyaka,Dutiyaka,Dutiyaka,(adj.-n.) [<i>Dimin</i>.of dutiya] (a) the second,following,next J.I,504 (°cittavāre); °ṃ a 2nd time M.I,83.-- (b) a companion; only in f.<i>dutiyikā</i> a wife or female comp<sup>n</sup> Vin.IV,230,270 (a bhikkhunī as comp<sup>n</sup> of another one); Freq.as <i>purāṇa-dutiyikā</i> one’s former wife Vin.I,96; III,16; S.I,200; M.II,63; J.I,210; V,152; DhA.I,77.Cp.M Vastu II.134 dvitīyā in the same sense.(Page 327),8,1
  4410. 168578,en,15,dutiyyata,dutiyyatā,Dutiyyatā,Dutiyyatā,(f.) companionship,friendship,help J.III,169.(Page 327),9,1
  4411. 168614,en,15,duttha,duṭṭha,Duṭṭha,Duṭṭha,(adj.-n.) [Sk.duṣṭha,pp.of dussati,q.v.] spoilt,corrupt; bad,malignant,wicked Vin.III,118; S.II,259,262; IV,339; A.I,124 (°âruka),127 (id.),157 sq.; It.68 (saro d.,perhaps should be read as diddho); J.I,187,254 (°brāhmaṇa); IV,391 (°caṇḍāla); PvA.4 (°corā:rogues of thieves); Sdhp.86,367,434.-- <i>aduṭṭha not</i> evil,good Sn.623; It.86; DhA.IV,164.Cp.pa°.<br><br> <i>--gahaṇika</i> suffering from indigestion Vin.I,206; <i>--citta</i> evil-minded Vin.II,192; M.III,65.(Page 326),6,1
  4412. 168745,en,15,dutthu,duṭṭhu,Duṭṭhu,Duṭṭhu,(adv.) [Sk.duṣṭhu,cp.suṣṭhu] badly,wrong DhsA.384; SnA 396; VvA.337.(Page 326),6,1
  4413. 168760,en,15,dutthulla,duṭṭhulla,Duṭṭhulla,Duṭṭhulla,(adj.) wicked,lewd Vin.IV,128; S.I,187 (°bhāṇin “whose speech is never lewd,” cp.Th.1,1217 padulla ‹-› gāhin,expl<sup>d</sup> as duṭṭhullagāhin Psalms of Brethren 399 n.3); M.I,435; III,159; Vism.313.-- (nt.) wicked ‹-› ness Vin.III,21; <i>kāya°</i> unchastity M.III,151; Th.1,114; Vism.151. <i>--âduṭṭhulla</i> that which is wicked &#38; that which is not Vin.V,130; <i>--āpatti</i> a grave transgression of the Rules of the Order,viz.the 4 Pārājika &#38; the 13 Saṅghādisesa Vin.IV,31 (opp.a° Vin.IV,32).(Page 326),9,1
  4414. 168956,en,15,duyhati,duyhati,Duyhati,Duyhati,Pass to dohati (q.v.).(Page 327),7,1
  4415. 168974,en,15,dva°,dva°,Dva°,Dva°,in numeral composition,meaning two etc.,see under dvi B III,(Page 332),4,1
  4416. 168975,en,15,dva,dvā,Dvā,Dvā,(cp.dva°) see dvi B III,(Page 332),3,1
  4417. 169283,en,15,dvara,dvāra,Dvāra,Dvāra,(nt.) [Ved.dvār (f.) &#38; dvāra (nt.),base *dhvār,cp.Av.dvar∂m; Gr.quρa_,qurw/n; Lat.fores (gate),forum; Goth.daúr,Ohg.turi=Ger.tür,Ags.dor=E.door.] 1.lit.an outer door,a gate,entrance Vin.I,15; S.I,58,138,211; J.I,346; II,63; VI,330; Vbh.71 sq.; PvA.4,67 (village gate),79; Sdhp.54,356.-- That d.cannot be used for an inner door see Vin.II,215; on knocking at a d.see DA.I,252; cp.DhA.I,145 (dvāraṃ ākoṭeti); to open a door:āvarati; to shut:pidahati; to lock:thaketi.dvāraṃ alabhamāna unable to get out Vin.II,220.-- mahā° the main or city gate J.I,63; culla° J.II,114; catu° (adj.) having 4 doors (of niraya) Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup>; cha° with 6d.(nagaraṃ,w.ref.to the 6 doors of the senses,see below) S.IV,194; pure° the front d.J.II,153; pacchima° the back d.J.VI,364; uttara° the E.gate (PvA.74); nagara° the city gate (J.I,263; deva° DhA.I,280); gāma° the village g.(Vin.III,52; J.II,110); ghara° (J.IV,142; PvA.38) &#38; geha° (PvA.61) the house door; antepura° the door of the inner chamber M.II,100; kula° the doors of the clan-people Sn.288.-- metaph.of the door leading to Nibbāna:amata° S.I,137; A.V,346.‹-› 2.(fig.) the doors=in- &#38; outlets of the mind,viz.the sense organs; in phrase indriyesu gutta-dvāra (adj.) guarding the doors with respect to the senses or faculties (of the mind):see gutta (e.g.S.II,218; IV,103 &#38; cp.Dhs.trsl.p.175).-- S.IV,117,194 (with simile of the 6 gates of a city); VvA.72 (kāya-vacī°).The nine gates of the body at Vism.346.Thus also in f.abstr.guttadvāratā the condition of well protected doors (see gutta).<br><br> --kavāṭa a door post J.I,63; II,334; VI,444; PvA.280,--koṭṭhaka [cp.Sk.dvārakoṣṭhaka Sp.AvŚ I.24,31] gateway; also room over the gate Ud.52,65; J.I,290; III,2; IV,63,229; VvA.6,160; DhA.I,50; II,27,46; IV,204; Vism.22; Miln.10.-- bahidvārakoṭṭhake or °ā outside the gate M.I,382; II,92; A.III,31; IV,206; --gāma a village outside the city gates,i.e.a suburb (cp.bahidvāragāma J.I,361) J.III,126 (°gāmaka),188; IV,225; DhA.II,25 (°ka); --toraṇa a gateway J.III,431.--pānantara at J.VI,349 should be read °vātapānantara; --pidahana shutting the door Vism.78.--bāhā a door post S.I,146; Pv.I,5<sup>1</sup>; DhA.III,273; --bhatta food scattered before the door Sn.286; --vātapāna a door-window Vin.II,211; J.VI,349; --sālā a hall with doors M.I,382; II,61.(Page 332),5,1
  4418. 169607,en,15,dvarika,dvārika,Dvārika,Dvārika,(-°) (adj.) referring or belonging to the door of-; in cha °ā taṇhā,craving or fever,arising through the 6 doors (of the senses) DhA.IV,221, &#38; <i>kāya°</i> --saṃvara control over the “bodily” door,i.e.over action (opp.speech) PvA.10 (so read for kāyañ cārika°).(Page 333),7,1
  4419. 169858,en,15,dvaya,dvaya,Dvaya,Dvaya,(adj.-n.) [Ved.dvaya; cp.dvi B I.6] (adj.) (a) two fold Sn.886 (saccaṃ musā ti dvayadhammaṃ); Dh.384; Pv IV.1<sup>29</sup> (dvayaṃ vipākaṃ=duvidhaṃ PvA.228).-- advaya single A.V,46.-- (b) false,deceitful Vin.III,21.-- nt.a duality,a pair,couple S.II,17 (°ṃ nissito loko); J.III,395 (gātha°); PvA.19 (māsa°); DhA.II,93 (pada° two lines,“couplet”).<br><br> --kārin “doing both,” i.e.both good &#38; evil deeds (su° &#38; duccaritaṃ) S.III,241,cp.247 sq.; D.III,96.(Page 332),5,1
  4420. 169915,en,15,dve,dve,Dve,Dve, &#38; Dve° see dvi B 1 &#38; 5.(Page 334),3,1
  4421. 169967,en,15,dvedha,dvedhā,Dvedhā,Dvedhā,(adv.) [Sk.dvedhā,cp.dvidhā] in two J.V,203,206 (°sira); DhA.II,50 (bhijji:broke in two,broke asunder).(Page 334),6,1
  4422. 169980,en,15,dvedhapatha,dvedhāpatha,Dvedhāpatha,Dvedhāpatha,[cp.dvidhā &#38; dvi B I.5] (a) a double,i.e.a branching road; a cross-road DhA.II,192; Miln.17.‹-› (b) doubt Dh.282; Dhs.1004,1161 Vism.313.(Page 334),11,1
  4423. 169998,en,15,dvejjha,dvejjha,Dvejjha,Dvejjha,(adj.) [Sk.dvaidhya; cp.dvi B I.5] divided,twofold,only in neg.<i>advejjha</i> undivided,certain,doubtless; simple,sincere,uncontradictory A.III,403; J.IV,77; Nd<sup>2</sup> 30 (+adveḷhaka); Miln.141.-- Cp.<i>dejjha</i>.(Page 334),7,1
  4424. 170009,en,15,dvejjhata,dvejjhatā,Dvejjhatā,Dvejjhatā,(f.) [fr.prec.] in <i>a°</i> undividedness J.IV,76.(Page 334),9,1
  4425. 170025,en,15,dvelhaka,dveḷhaka,Dveḷhaka,Dveḷhaka,(nt.) [Sk.*dvaidhaka fr.adv.dvidhā,cp.dvi B I.5] doubt Vin.III,309; Dhs.1004,1161; DA.I,68; DhsA.259; <i>°citta</i> uncertain PvA.13; <i>°jāta</i> in doubt Vin.III,309; D.III,117 sq.; 210.-- <i>adveḷhaka</i> (adj.) sure,certain,without doubt Nd<sup>2</sup> 30 (+advejjha).(Page 334),8,1
  4426. 170114,en,15,dvi,dvi,Dvi,Dvi,[Sk.dvi,dva etc.-- Bases:I.<i>dvi</i>=Sk.dvi in dvipad =Lat.bipēs (fr.dǔipēs),Ags.twiféte; dvidant=bidens.Reduced to <i>di</i> (see B I.<sup>4</sup>) as in Gr.dipous (=dipad),Lat.diennium &#38; pref.dis- (cp.Goth.twis asunder,Ogh.zwisk between).-- II.<i>du</i> (=dvi in reduced grade,cp.Lat.du-plex,dubius etc.).-- III,<i>dvā</i> ( &#38; dva)=Sk.dvāu,dvā,f.nt.dve (declined as dual,but the P.(plural) inflexion from base I.see B I.<sup>1</sup>); Gr.du/w,Lat.duo; Oir.dāu,dā,f.dī; Goth.twai,f.twōs; Ags.twā (=E.two); Ohg.zwēne,zwō zwei.Also in cpd.num.dva-daśa twelve=Gr.d(*v)w/Qeka=Lat.duodecim.] number two.<br><br> A.Meanings-I.Two as unit:1.with objective foundation:(a) denoting a comb<sup>n</sup> (pair,couple) or a repetition (twice).In this conn.frequent both objective &#38; impersonal in mentioning natural pairs as well as psychologically contrasted notions.E.g.dvipad (biped),nāgassa dve dantā (elephants’tusks),cakkhūni (eyes); dvija (bird),duvija (tooth),dijivha (snake).See also dutiya &#38; dvaya.-- dve:kāmā,khiḍḍā,gatiyo (Sn.1001),dānāni (It.98),piyā,phalāni (Sn.896; It.39),mittā,sinehā etc.See Nd<sup>2</sup> under dve,cp.A.I,47‹-› 100; D.III,212--214.-- (b) denoting a separation (in two,twofold etc.):see dvidhā &#38; cpds.-- 2.with symbolic,sentimental meaning:(a) only two (i.e.next to one or “next to nothing”),cp.the two mites of the widow (Mark XII.42),two sons of Rachel (Gen.30):dumāsika not more than 2 months (Vin.II,107); dvemāsiko gabbho (Pv.I,6<sup>7</sup>); dvevācika; duvaṅgula (see below).-- (b) a few-more than one,some,a couple (often intermediate between 1 &#38; 3,denoting more than once,or a comparatively long,rather long,but not like 3 a very long time):māsadvayaṃ a couple of months; dvisahassa dīpā 2000 islands (=a large number); diyaḍḍhasata 150=very long etc.; dvīhatīha (2 or 3= a couple of days) q.v.; dvirattatiratta (id.of nights); dvīsu tīsu manussesu to some people (PvA.47); dvatikkhattuṃ soveral times; cp.dvikkhattuṃ (more than once),dutiyaṃ (for the 2nd time).<br><br> II.Two as unit in connection with its own &#38; other decimals means a complex plus a pair,which amounts to the same as a large &#38; a small unit,or so to speak “a year &#38; a day.” E.g.<i>12</i> (sometimes,but rarely= 10+2,see sep.); -- <i>32:</i> rests usually on 4 X 8,but as No.of the Mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇāni it denotes 30+2= the great circle plus the decisive (invisible) pair; -- <i>62:</i> views of heresy:see diṭṭhi; also as a year of eternity= 60 kappas+2; -- <i>92:</i> as measure of eternity=90+2 kappas=a year &#38; a day.<br><br> III,Number twelve.1.Based on natural phenomena it denotes the solar year (dvādasamāsako saṃvaccharo VvA.247).-- 2.Connected with the solar cult it is used with human arrangements to raise them to the level of heavenly ones and to impart to them a superior significance.Thus:(a) as denoting a set (cp.12 months companions of the Sun) it is the No.of a respectful,holy,venerable group (cp.12 sons of Jacob Gen.35,22; cakes as shewbread Lev.25,5; stones erected Josh.4,8; apostles Math.10,2; patriarchs Acts 7,8; companions of Odysseus Hom.Od.9,195; Knights of Arthur etc.):of theras,accomp<sup>d</sup> by 12 bhikkhus PvA.67,141.179 etc.; dvādasa koṭisatāni Sn.677; five groups of 12 musicians VvA.96 (cp.5 X 12 cromlechs in the outer circle of Stonehenge).-- (b) as measure of distance in space &#38; time it implies vast extent,great importance,a climax,divine symmetry etc.12 yojanas wide extends the radiance VvA.16; 12 y.as respectful distance PvA.137 (cp.2000 cubits in same sense at Josh.3,4); 12 y.in extent (height,breadth &#38; length) are the heavenly palaces of the Vimāna-petas or Yakkhas Vv 55<sup>1</sup>; J.VI,116; VvA.6,217,244,291,298 etc.In the same connection we freq.find the No.16:solasa-yojanikaṃ kanaka-vimānaṃ Vv 67<sup>1</sup>; VvA.188,289 etc.-- Of years:J.III,80; VvA.157 (dvādasa-vassikā; in this sense also 16 instead of 12:soḷasa-vassuddesika VvA.259 etc.See soḷasa).<br><br> B.Bases &#38; Forms-I.dvi; main base for numeral &#38; nominal composition &#38; derivation,in:<br><br> 1.numeral <i>dve</i> ( &#38; duve) two:Nom.Acc.<i>dve</i> (Sn.p.107; It.98; J.I,150; IV,137 etc.) &#38; (in verse) <i>duve</i> (Sn.896,1001); Gen.Dat.<i>dvinnaṃ</i> (It.39,40,98; J.II,154); Instr.<i>dvīhi</i> (J.I,87:v.l.dīhi; 151; II,153); Loc.<i>dvīsu</i> (J.I,203; PvA.47) &#38; <i>duvesu</i> (Vv 41<sup>2</sup>).<br><br> 2.as numeral base:<i>--sahassa</i> 2000 (see A.I,2<sup>b</sup>) J.I,57; VvA.261; PvA.74; also in <i>dvittā</i> and adv.<i>dvikkhattuṃ</i> twice &#38; <i>dvidhā</i> in two parts.-- (b) as nominal base:-- <i>(r)āvaṭṭa</i> [Sk.dviḥ cp.Lat.bis] turning twice S.I,32; <i>--ja</i> “twice born,” i.e.a bird J.I,152 (gaṇā); <i>--jātin</i> one who is born twice,i.e.a brāhmaṇa Th,2,430 (ThA.269=brahmajātin); <i>--tālamatta</i> of the size of 2 palms DhA.II,62; <i>--pad</i> [Sk.dvipad,Lat.bipes,Gr.di/pous etc.] a biped,man S.I,6; <i>--pala</i> twofold Vism.339; <i>--pādaka</i>=dvipad Vin.II,110; <i>--bandhu</i> having two friends J.VI,281; <i>--rattatiratta</i> two or three nights Vin.IV,16; also in <i>dvīha</i> two days (q.v.).<br><br> 3.as diæretic form <i>duvi°:--ja</i> (cp.dija) “growing again” i.e.a tooth J.V,156.<br><br> 4.as contracted form <i>di°:--(y)aḍḍha</i> one and a half (lit.the second half,cp.Ger.anderthalb) Dh.235; J.I,72 (diyaḍḍha-yojana-satika 150 y.long or high etc.),202; IV,293 (°yāma); DhA.I,395; DA.I,17; Miln.243,272; DhsA.12; <i>--guṇa</i> twofold,double Vin.I,289; Sn.714; J.V,309; Miln.84; DhA.II,6; VvA.63,120; <i>--ja</i> (cp.dvija,duvija) (a) “twice-born,” a bird S.I,224; Sn.1134 (d.vuccati pakkhī Nd<sup>2</sup> 296); J.I,152,203; II,205; IV,347; V,157; Pv.II,12<sup>4</sup>; Vv 35<sup>8</sup> (cp.VvA.178); Miln.295.-- (b) a brahmin ThA,70,73; <i>--jivha</i> “twotongued,” i.e.a snake (cp.du°) J.III,347; <i>--pad</i> (-pada or --pa) a biped (cp.dvi°) A.I,22; V,21; Sn.83 (dipa-duttama),995 (id.) 998; Dh.273; <i>--pādaka=°pad</i> Th.1,453=Sn.205.<br><br> 5.as sec.cpd.form (with guṇa) <i>dve°</i> (and de°):<i>--caturaṅga</i> twice fourfold -- eightfold Th.1,520 (°gāmin); <i>--patha</i> a “double” path,a border path,the boundary between two villages Vv 53<sup>17</sup> (-sīmantika-patha VvA.241); <i>--piccha</i> having two tail-feathers J.V,341 (cp.de°); <i>--pitika</i> having two feathers J.V,424; <i>--bhāva</i> doubling kAcc.21; <i>--māsika</i> two months old Pv.I,6<sup>7</sup>; <i>--vācika</i> pronouncing (only) two words,viz.Buddha &#38; Dhamma (cp.tevācika,saying the whole saraṇa-formula),Vin.I,4; J.I,81; <i>--sattaratta</i> twice seven nights,a fortnight [cp.Sk.dvisapta] J.VI,230.-- See also der.fr.numer.adv.dvidhā,viz.dvejjha ( &#38; dejjha),dvedhā°,dveḷhaka.<br><br> 6.as noun-derivation dvaya a dyad (q.v.).<br><br> II.<i>du;</i> reduced base in numeral and nominal comp<sup>n</sup> &#38; der<sup>n</sup>:<br><br> <i>--(v)addhato</i> from both sides (a distorted form of dubhato q.v.) Vv 64<sup>19</sup> (=dubhato VvA.281); <i>--(v)aṅgika</i> consisting of two parts Dhs.163; <i>--(v)aṅgula </i>&<i> dvaṅgula</i> two finger-breadths or depths,two inches long,implying a minimum measure (see above A.I,2<sup>a</sup>) Vin.II,107; IV,262; usually in cpds.-- kappa the 2 inch rule,i.e.a rule extending the allotted time for the morning meal to 2 inches of shadow after mid day Vin.II,294 306; --pannā wisdom of 2 finger-breadths,i.e.that of a woman S.I,129=Th.2,60 (dvaṅguli°,at ThA.66 as °saññā); --buddhika=°paññā VvA.96; <i>--jivha</i> twotongued (cp.di°); a snake J.IV,330; V,82,425; <i>--paṭṭa</i> “double cloth” (Hind.dupaṭṭā; Kanarese dupaṭa,duppaṭa; Tamil tuppaṭṭā a cloak consisting of two cloths joined together,see Kern,Toev.I.179); J.I,119; IV,114,379 (ratta°); DhA.I,249 (suratta°); III,419 (°cīvarā); <i>--matta</i> (about) 2 in measure Miln.82; <i>--māsika</i> 2 months old or growing for 2 months (of hair) Vin.II,107; <i>--vagga</i> consisting of two Vin.I,58; <i>--vassa</i> 2 years old Vin.I,59; <i>--vidha</i> twofold,Instr.duvidhena M.III,45 sq.; etc.-- Derivations from du° see sep.under <i>duka</i> (dyad),<i>dutiya</i> (the second), &#38; the contamination forms <i>dubha</i> (to) &#38; <i>dubhaya</i> (for ubha &#38; ubhaya).<br><br> III,<i>dvā</i> ( &#38; reduced <i>dva</i>),base in numeral comp<sup>n</sup> only:dvatikkhattuṃ two or three times J.I,506; DA.I,133,264; DhA.IV,38; <i>dvādasa</i> twelve (on meaning of this &#38; foll.numerals see above A.II, &#38; III,) J.III,80; VI,116; DhA.I,88; III,210; VvA.156,247 etc.; <i>°yojanika</i> J.I,125; IV,499; <i>dvāvīsati</i> (22) VvA.139; <i>dvattiṃsa</i> (32) Kh II.(°ākāra the 32 constituents of the body); DhA.II,88; VvA.39 etc.; <i>dvācattālīsa</i> (42) Nd<sup>2</sup> 15; Vism.82; <i>dvāsaṭṭhi</i> (Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>III,</SUP> &#38; <i>dvaṭṭhi</i> (62) D.I,54; S.III,211; DA.I,162); <i>dvānavuti</i> (92) PvA.19,21.-- Note.A singular case of dva as adv.=twice is in dvâhaṃ Sn.1116.(Page 333),3,1
  4427. 170175,en,15,dvidha,dvidhā,Dvidhā,Dvidhā,(num.adv.) [Sk.dvidhā,see dvi B I.2<sup>a</sup>] in two parts,in two M.I,114; J.I,253 (karoti),254 (chindati),298 (id.); III,181; IV,101 (jāta disagreeing); VI,368 (bhindati).See also dvedhā &#38; dveḷhaka.<br><br> <i>--gata</i> gone to pieces J.V,197; <i>--patha</i> a twofold way,a crossing; only fig.doubt SIII,108; M.I,142,144; Ud.90.See also <i>dvedhāpatha</i>.(Page 334),6,1
  4428. 170238,en,15,dviha,dvīha,Dvīha,Dvīha,(adv.) [Sk.dvis-ahnah; see dvi B I.2<sup>b</sup>] two days; dvīhena in 2 days S.II,192; dvīha-mata 2 days dead M.I,88; III,91.<br><br> <i>--tīha</i> 2 or 3 days (°ṃ adv.) (on meaning cp.dvi A.I,2<sup>b</sup>) D.I,190 (°assa accayena after a few days); J.II,316; DhA.III,21 (°accayena id.,gloss:katipāh’‹-› accayena); DA.I,190 (°ṃ) 215; VvA.45.(Page 334),5,1
  4429. 170279,en,15,dvihika,dvīhika,Dvīhika,Dvīhika,(adj.) every other day M.I,78.(Page 334),7,1
  4430. 170289,en,15,dvihitika,dvīhitika,Dvīhitika,Dvīhitika,(adj.) [du-īhitika,of du<sup>1</sup>+īhati] to be gained or procured with difficulty (i.e.a livelihood which is hardly procurable),only in phrase <i>“dubbhikkhā d</i>.<i> setaṭṭhikā salākavuttā</i>,<i>”</i> of a famine Vin.III,6,15,87; IV,23; S.IV,323.On the term &#38; its expl<sup>n</sup> by Bdhgh.(at Vin.III,268:dujjīvikā īhī tī ...dukkhena īhitaṃ ettha pavattatī ti) see Kern,Toev.I.122.-- Note.Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> is highly speculative, &#38; leaves the problem still unsolved.The case of du<sup>1</sup> appearing as du- (and not as dur-) before a vowel is most peculiar; there may be a connection with <i>druh</i> (see duhana),which is even suggested by vv.ll.at S.IV,223 as dūhitika= duhitika (q.v.).(Page 334),9,1
  4431. 170337,en,15,dvikkhattum,dvikkhattuṃ,Dvikkhattuṃ,Dvikkhattuṃ,(adv.) [Sk.*dvikṛtvaḥ] twice Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.1116 (=dva); Nd<sup>2</sup> 296 (jāyati dijo).See dvi B I.2<sup>a</sup>.(Page 334),11,1
  4432. 170544,en,15,dvitta,dvittā,Dvittā,Dvittā,(pl.) [Sk.dvitrā; see dvi B I.2<sup>a</sup>] two or three S.I,117 (perhaps we should read tad vittaṃ:Windisch,Māra &#38; Buddha 108).(Page 334),6,1
  4433. 170597,en,15,edha,edha,Edha,Edha,[Sk.edhaḥ,cp.idhma,inddhe; Gr.ai)_qos,a)i/qw,Lat.aedes,Ohg.eit,Ags.ād funeral pile,etc.See idhuma &#38; iṭṭhaka] fuel,fire etc.Only in adj.neg.an° without fuel J.IV,26.(Page 161),4,1
  4434. 170606,en,15,edhati,edhati,Edhati,Edhati,[<i>edh</i>,cp.iddhati] to prosper,succeed in,increase S.I,217 (sukhaṃ); Sn.298; Dh.193; J.I,223; III,151.‹-› sukh°edhita at Vin.III,13 is better read as sukhe ṭhita,as at J.VI,219.(Page 161),6,1
  4435. 170621,en,15,edisa,edisa,Edisa,Edisa,(adj.) [Sk.īdṛśa] such like,such Vv 37<sup>3</sup>; PvA.69,243.(Page 161),5,1
  4436. 170626,en,15,edisaka,edisaka,Edisaka,Edisaka,= edisa Sn.313.(Page 161),7,1
  4437. 170640,en,15,ehi,ehi,Ehi,Ehi,[imper.of eti] come,come here Sn.165; J II 159; VI,367; DhA.I,49.In the later language part.of exhortation = Gr.a)/ge,Lat.age,“come on” DhA.II,91; PvA.201 (+ tāva = a)/ge dή).<i>ehipassika</i> (adj.) [ehi + passa + ika] of the Dhamma,that which invites every man to come to see for himself,open to all,expl<sup>d.</sup> at Vism.216 as “ehi,passa imaṃ dhamman ti evaṃ pavattaṃ ehi-passavidhaṃ arahatī ti”,D.II,217; III,5,227; S.I,9; IV,41,272; V,343; A.I,158; II,198.<i>ehibhadantika</i> one who accepts an invitation D.I,166; M.I,342; II,161; A.I,295; II,206.<i>ehi bhikkhu</i> “come bhikkhu!” the oldest formula of admission to the order Vin.I,12; III,24; DhA.I,87; J.I,82; f.<i>ehi bhikkhunī</i> Vin.IV,214 pl.etha bhikkhavo DhA.I,95.ehibhikkhu-pabbajjā initiation into Bhikkhuship SnA 456.ehibhikkhubhāva --state of being invited to join the Saṅgha,admission to the Order J.I,82,86; DhA.II,32; SnA 456.<i>ehisāgata-(</i>&<i> svāgata-)vādin</i> a man of courtesy (lit.one who habitually says:“come you are welcome”) D.I,116; Vin.II,11; III,181.(Page 162),3,1
  4438. 170675,en,15,eja,ejā,Ejā,Ejā,(f.) [to <em>iñj</em>,q.v.and see ānejja.There is also a Sk.root <em>ej</em> to stir,move] motion,turbulence,distraction,seduction,craving S.IV,64; Sn.791; It.91; Nd<sup>1</sup> 91,353; Dhs.1059 (cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>u.</sup> 277); VvA.232.-- <i>aneja</i> (adj.) unmoved,undisturbed,calm,passionless S.I,27,141,159; III,83; IV,64; A.II,15; Nd<sup>1</sup> 353; VvA.107.(Page 160),3,1
  4439. 170687,en,15,eka,eka,Eka,Eka,(adj.-num.) [Vedic eka,i.e.e-ka to Idg.*oi as in Av.aēva,Gr.oi]_os one,alone; and also with diff.suffix in Lat.ū-nus,cp.Gr.oi)nόs (one on the dice),Goth.etc.ains = E.one] one.Eka follows the pron.declension,i.e.Nom.pl.is <i>eke</i> (e.g.Sn.43,294,780 etc.) -- 1.“one” as number,either with or without contrast to two or more; often also “single” opp.to nānā various,many (q.v.).Very frequent by itself as well as with other numerals,ekaṅgula one thumb Mhvs 29,11; DhA.III,127; ekapasse in one quarter DhA.II,52; ekamaccha a single fish J.I,222.In enumeration:eka dve pañca dasa DhA.I,24.With other numerals:eka-tiṃsa (31) D.II,2; °saṭṭhi (61) Vin.I,20; °navuti (91) DhA.I,97; °sata (101) DhA.II,14.Cp.use of “one less” in ekūna (see under cpds. &#38; ūna).-- 2.(as predicative and adj.) one,by oneself,one only,alone,solitary A.III,67 (ek-uddesa); J.I,59 (ekadivasena on the one day only,i.e.on the same day); Dh.395; Sn.35,1136 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 172<sup>a</sup>),ekaṃ ekaṃ one by one S I 104 (devo ekaṃ ekaṃ phusāyati rains drop by drop),cp.ekameka.-- 3.a certain one,some one,some; adj.in function of an indefinite article = a,one (definite or indefinite):ekasmiṃ samaye once upon a time J.I,306; ekena upāyena by some means J.III,393; ekaṃ kulaṃ gantuṃ to a certain clan (corresp.with asuka) DhA.I,45; ekadivasaṃ one day J.I,58; III,26; PvA.67.Cp.Sn.1069 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 172<sup>b</sup>).-- All these three categories are found represented in freq.cpds.,of which the foll.are but a small selection.<br><br> <i>--akkhi</i> see °pokkhara.<i>--agga</i> calm,tranquil (of persons just converted),collected [cp.Buddh.Sk.ekāgra Jtm 31<sup>70</sup>] S.IV,125; A.I,70,266; II,14,29; III,175 (°citta),391; Sn.341; J.I,88; Nett 28,cp.Miln.139.<i>--aggatā</i> concentration; capacity to individualise; contemplation,tranquillity of mind (see on term Cpd.16,178<sup>5</sup>,237,240) S.V,21,197,269 (cittassa); A.I,36; IV,40; Dhs.11 (cittassa); Vism.84.<i>--aṅga</i> a part,divisioh,some‹-› thing belonging to J.III,308; Ud.69.<i>--aṅgaṇa</i> one (clear) space J.II,357.<i>--āgārika</i> a thief,robber D.I,52,166; A.I,154,295; II,206; III,129; Nd<sup>1</sup> 416; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304 <SUP>III,A.</SUP> DA.I,159 (= ekam eva gharaṃ parivāretvā vilumpanaṃ DA.I,159).<i>--āyana</i> leading to one goal,direct way or “leading to the goal as the one &#38; only way (magga) M.I,63; S.V,167,185.<i>--ārakkha</i> having one protector or guardian D.III,269; A.V,29 sq.<i>--ālopika</i> = ekāgārika D.I,166; A.I,295; II,206.<i>--āsana</i> sitting or living alone M.I,437; Sn.718; Dh.305; J.V,397; Miln.342; Vism.60 (expl<sup>d.</sup> with reference to eating,viz.ekāsane bhojanaṃ ekāsanaṃ,perhaps comparing āsana with asana<sup>2</sup>.The foll.°āsanika is ibid.expl<sup>d.</sup> as “taṃ sīlam assā ti ekāsaniko”).<i>--āsanika</i> one who keeps to himself Miln.20,216; Vism.69.<i>--âha</i> one day M.I,88; usually in cpd.ekâhadvîhaṃ one or two days J.I,255; DhA.I,391.<i>--âhika</i> of or for one day D.I,166.<i>--uttarika</i>(-nikāya) is another title for Aṅguttarika-nikāya Miln.392.<i>--ūna</i> one less,minus one,usually as 1<sup>st</sup> part of a numeral cpd.,like °vīsati (20--1 = 19) DhA.I,4; °paññāsa (49) J.III,220; °saṭṭhi (59) DhA.III,412; °pañcasatā (499) DhA.II,204.See <i>ūna</i>.<i> --eka</i> one by one,each,severally,one to each D.II,18 (°loma); III,144 (id.),157; J.I,222; DhA.I,101 (ekekassa no ekekaṃ māsaṃ one month for each of us); II,114; VvA.256; PvA.42,43.<i>--ghana</i> compact,solid,hard Dh.81.<i>--cara</i> wandering or living alone,solitary S.I,16; Sn.166,451; Dh.37.<i>--cariyā</i> walking alone,solitude Dh.61; Sn.820.<i>--cārin</i> = °cara Miln.105.<i>--cittakkhaṇika</i> of the duration of one thought Vism.138.<i>--cintin</i> “thinking one thing (only)”,simple Miln.92.<i>--thūpa</i> (all) in one heap,mixed up,together J.V,17 (= sūkarapotakā viya C.).<i>--doṇikā</i>(-nāvā) a trough-shaped canoe with an outrigger J.VI,305.<i>--paṭalika</i> having a single sole (of sandals,upāhanā) Vism.125.<i>--paṭṭa</i> single cloth (cp.dupaṭṭa) Vism.109.<i>--padika</i>(-magga) a small (lit.for one foot) foot-path J.I,315; V,491.<i>--pala</i> one carat worth (see pala) Vism.339.<i>--passayika</i> is to be read ek’apassayika (see under apa°).<i>--pahārena</i> all at once Vism.418; DhsA.333.<i>--piṭaka</i> knowing one Piṭaka Vism.62.<i>--puttika</i> having only one son KhA 237.<i>--purisika</i> (itthi) (a woman) true to one man J.I,290.<i>--pokkhara</i> a sort of drum J.VI,21,580 (C.expl<sup>ns.</sup> by ek-akkhi-bherī).<i>--bījin</i> having only one (more) seed,i.e.destined to be reborn only once S.V,205; A.I,233; IV,380; Nett 189.<i>--bhattika</i> having one meal a day A.I,212; III,216; J.I,91.<i>--bhattakinī</i> a woman true to one husband J.III,63.<i>--rajja</i> sole sovereignty Dh.178; PvA.74.<i>--rājā</i> universal king J.I,47 (of the Sun).<i>--vāciya</i> a single remark or objection J.II,353.<i>--vāraṃ</i> once J.I,292; <i>°vārena</i> id.DhA.I,10.<i>--sadisa</i> fully alike or resembling,identical J.I,291.<i>--sama</i> equal J.VI,261.<i>--sāṭa </i>&<i> sāṭaka</i> having a single vestment,a “one-rober” S.I,78 (°ka); Ud.65.(Page 159),3,1
  4440. 170737,en,15,ekacca,ekacca,Ekacca,Ekacca,(adj.) [der.fr.eka with suffix *tya,implying likeness or comparison,lit.“one-like”,cp.E.one-like = one-ly = only] one,certain,definite D.I,162,A.I,8; often in pl.<i>ekacce</i> some,a few D.I,118; A.V,194; Th.2,216; J.II,129; III,126.See also app° under api.(Page 160),6,1
  4441. 170749,en,15,ekaccika,ekaccika,Ekaccika,Ekaccika,(adj.) [fr.ekacca] single,not doubled (of cloth,opp.to diguṇa) J.V,216 (°vasana = eka-paṭṭa-nivattha).(Page 160),8,1
  4442. 170753,en,15,ekacciya,ekacciya,Ekacciya,Ekacciya,(adj.) = ekacca S.I,199; J.IV,259; Acc.as adv.<i>°ṃ</i> once,single Vin.I,289 (cp.Vin Texts II.212).(Page 160),8,1
  4443. 170768,en,15,ekada,ekadā,Ekadā,Ekadā,(adv.) [fr.eka] once,at the same time,at one time,once upon a time S.I,162; Sn.198; DhA.II,41; Miln.213.(Page 160),5,1
  4444. 170775,en,15,ekadasa,ekādasa,Ekādasa,Ekādasa,(num.) [Sk.ekādaśa] eleven Vin.I,19.-- num.ord.<i>ekādasama</i> the eleventh Sn.111,113.(Page 160),7,1
  4445. 170788,en,15,ekadatthu,ekadatthu,Ekadatthu,Ekadatthu,(adv.) [eka-d-atthu,cp.aññadatthu] once,definitely,specially J.III,105 (= ekaṃsena C.).(Page 160),9,1
  4446. 170874,en,15,ekajjham,ekajjhaṃ,Ekajjhaṃ,Ekajjhaṃ,(adv.) [fr.eka,cp.literary Sk.aikadhyaṃ,but BSk.ekadhyaṃ M Vastu I.304] in the same place,in conjunction,together Miln.144 (karoti),KhA 167; SnA 38.(Page 160),8,1
  4447. 170887,en,15,ekaka,ekaka,Ekaka,Ekaka,(adj.) [eka + ka] single,alone,solitary Vin.II,212; J.I,255; II,234; IV,2.-- f.<i>ekikā</i> Vin.IV,229; J.I,307; III,139.(Page 160),5,1
  4448. 170907,en,15,ekakiya,ekākiya,Ekākiya,Ekākiya,(adj.) alone,solitary Th.1,541; Miln.398.(Page 160),7,1
  4449. 170943,en,15,ekamantam,ekamantaṃ,Ekamantaṃ,Ekamantaṃ,(adv.) [eka + anta,Acc.in adv.function,cp.BSk.ekamante M Vastu I.35] on one side,apart,aside Vin.I,47,94 = II.272; D.I,106; Sn.p.13 (expl<sup>d.</sup> at SnA 140 as follows:bhāvana-puṃsaka-niddeso,ek’okāsaṃ ekapassan ti vuttaṃ hoti,bhummatthe vā upayogavacanaṃ); Sn.580,1009,1017; J.I,291; II,102,111; SnA 314,456.‹-› Also in Loc.<i>ekamante</i> on one side DhA.I,40.(Page 160),9,1
  4450. 170958,en,15,ekameka,ekameka,Ekameka,Ekameka,(adj.) [eka-m-eka,cp.BSk.ekameka M Vastu III,358] one by one,each A.V,173; Vv 78<sup>2</sup>.(Page 160),7,1
  4451. 170970,en,15,ekamsa,ekaṃsa,Ekaṃsa,Ekaṃsa,<sup>2</sup> [eka + aṃsa<sup>1</sup> or better aṃsa<sup>2</sup>] “one part or point”,i.e.one-pointedness,definiteness; affirmation,certainty,absoluteness D.I,153; A.II,46; Sn.427,1027; J.III,224 (ekaṃsatthe nipāto for “nūna”); SnA 414 (°vacana for “taggha”).-- Opp.<i>an°</i> Miln.225.-- Instr.<i>ekaṃsena</i> as adv.for certain,absolutely,definitely,inevitably D.I,122,161,162; M.I,393; S.IV,326; A.V,190; J.I,150; III,224; PvA.11.(Page 160),6,1
  4452. 170971,en,15,ekamsa,ekaṃsa,Ekaṃsa,Ekaṃsa,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [eka + aṃsa<sup>1</sup>] belonging to one shoulder,on or with one shoulder; only in phṛase ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsangaṃ karoti to arrange the upper robe over one shoulder (the left) Vin.I,46; II,188 &#38; passim.(Page 160),6,1
  4453. 170985,en,15,ekamsika,ekaṃsika,Ekaṃsika,Ekaṃsika,(adj.) [fr.ekaṃsa<sup>2</sup>] certain D.I,189,191; <i>an°</i> uncertain,indefinite D.I,191.(Page 160),8,1
  4454. 170988,en,15,ekamsikata,ekaṃsikatā,Ekaṃsikatā,Ekaṃsikatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ekaṃsika] as neg.<i>an°</i> indefiniteness Miln.93.(Page 160),10,1
  4455. 171002,en,15,ekanika,ekānika,Ekānika,Ekānika,(adj) = <i>ekākiya;</i> Instr.ekānikena as adv.“by oneself” Miln.402.(Page 160),7,1
  4456. 171017,en,15,ekanta,ekanta,Ekanta,Ekanta,(adj.) [Sk.ekānta] one-sided,on one end,with one top,topmost (°-) usually in function of an adv.as °-,meaning “absolutely,extremely,extraordinary,quite” etc.‹-› 1.(lit.) at one end,only in °lomin a woollen coverlet with a fringe at one end D.I,7 (= ekato dasaṃ uṇṇāmay’attharaṇaṃ keci ekato uggata-pupphan ti vadanti DA.I,87); Vin.I,192; II,163,169; A.I,181.-- 2.(fig.) extremely,very much,in freq.comb<sup>ns</sup>; e.g.°kāḷaka A.III,406; IV,11; °gata S.V,225; A.III,326; °dukkha M.I,74; S.II,173; III,70 (+ sukha); A.V,289; °dussīlya DhA.III,153; °nibbida A.III,83; IV,143; °paripuṇṇa S.II,219; V,204; °manāpa S.IV,238; °sukha A.II,231; III,409; °sukhin DA.I,119 etc.(Page 160),6,1
  4457. 171041,en,15,ekantarika,ekantarika,Ekantarika,Ekantarika,(adj.) [eka + antarika] with one in between,alternate J.IV,195,<i>°bhāvena</i> (Instr.adv.) in alternation,alternately Vism.374; ekantarikāya (adv.) with intervals Vism.244.(Page 160),10,1
  4458. 171179,en,15,ekaso,ekaso,Ekaso,Ekaso,(adv.) [Sk.ekaśaḥ] singly,one by one J.III,224 (an°).(Page 160),5,1
  4459. 171195,en,15,ekato,ekato,Ekato,Ekato,(adv.) [Abl.formation fr.eka,cp.Sk.ekataḥ] -- 1.on the one side (opp.on the other) J.III,51; IV,141.‹-› 2.together J.II,415; III,57 (vasanto),52 (sannipatanti),391; IV,390; DhA.I,18.ekato karoti to put together,to collect VvA.3.ekato hutvā “coming to one”,agreeing DhA.I,102,cp.ekato ahesuṃ J.I,201.(Page 160),5,1
  4460. 171209,en,15,ekatta,ekatta,Ekatta,Ekatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.eka] -- 1.unity D.I,31.-- 2.loneliness,solitude,separation Sn.718; Th.1,49; Miln.162; J.VI,64; VvA.202 (= ekībhāva).(Page 160),6,1
  4461. 171219,en,15,ekattata,ekattatā,Ekattatā,Ekattatā,(f.) [fr.ekatta] unity,combination,unification,concentration Nett 4,72 sq,107 sq.(Page 160),8,1
  4462. 171271,en,15,ekavidha,ekavidha,Ekavidha,Ekavidha,(adj.) [eka + vidha] of one kind,single,simple Vism.514; adv.<i>ekavidhā</i> singly,simply Vism.528.(Page 160),8,1
  4463. 171308,en,15,ekibhava,ekībhāva,Ekībhāva,Ekībhāva,[eka + bhāva,with ī for a in comp<sup>n.</sup> with <em>bhū</em>] being alone,loneliness,solitude D III 245; M.II,250; A.III,289; V,89,164; Vism.34; SnA 92,93; DhA.II,103; VvA.202; DA.I,253,309.(Page 160),8,1
  4464. 171322,en,15,ekika,ekikā,Ekikā,Ekikā,see <i>ekaka</i>.(Page 160),5,1
  4465. 171335,en,15,ekodi,ekodi,Ekodi,Ekodi,(adj.) [most likely eka + odi for odhi,see avadhi<sup>2</sup> &#38; cp.avadahati,avadahana,lit.of one attention,limited to one point.Thus also suggested by Morris J.P.T.S.1885,32 sq.The word was Sanskritised into ekoti,e.g.at M Vastu III,212,213; Lal.Vist.147,439] concentrated,attentive,fixed A.III,354; Nd<sup>1</sup> 478.Usually in comp<sup>n.</sup> with <i>kṛ </i>&<i> bhū</i> (which points however to a form ekoda° with the regular change of a to i in connection with these roots!),as ekodi-<i>karoti</i> to concentrate M.I,116; S.IV,263; <i>°bhavati</i> to become settled S.IV,196; V,144; <i>°bhūta</i> concentrated Sn.975; <i>°bhāva</i> concentration,fixing one’s mind on one point D.I,37; III,78,131; A.I,254; III,24; Vism.156 (expl<sup>d.</sup> as eko udeti); Dhs.161 (cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 46); DhsA.169; Nett 89.(Page 160),5,1
  4466. 171393,en,15,ela,ela,Ela,Ela,(nt.) [?] salt(?) or water(?) in <i>elambiya</i> (= el°ambu-ja) born in (salt) water Sn.845 (= ela-saññaka ambumhi jāta); Nd<sup>1</sup> 202 (elaṃ vuccati udakaṃ).(Page 161),3,1
  4467. 171406,en,15,ela,eḷa,Eḷa,Eḷa,(nt.) [Sk.enas] in <i>eḷamūga</i> deaf &#38; dumb A.II,252; III,436; IV,226; Miln.20,251 (cp.Miln.trsl.II.71).A rather strange use and expl<sup>n.</sup> of eḷamūga (with ref.to a snake “spitting”) we find at J.III,347,where it is expl<sup>d.</sup> as “eḷa-paggharantena mukhena eḷamūgaṃ” i.e.called eḷamūga because of the saliva (foam?) dripping from its mouth,v.l.elamukha.-- Cp.<i>neḷa </i>&<i> aneḷa</i>.(Page 161),3,1
  4468. 171418,en,15,elagala,eḷagala,Eḷagala,Eḷagala,see <i>aneḷa</i>.(Page 161),7,1
  4469. 171424,en,15,elagala,eḷagalā,Eḷagalā,Eḷagalā,(f.) [dial.?] the plant Cassia Tora (cp.Sk.eḍagaja the ringworm-shrub,Cassia Alata,after Halāyudha),J.III,222 (= kambojī C.).(Page 161),7,1
  4470. 171430,en,15,elagga,eḷagga,Eḷagga,Eḷagga,in kāmāmis° at PvA.107 is to be read kāmāmise lagga°.(Page 161),6,1
  4471. 171436,en,15,elaka,eḷaka,Eḷaka,Eḷaka,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.eḍaka] a ram,a wild goat Sn.309; Vism.500 (in simile); J.I,166; Pug.A 233 (= urabbha).-- f.<i>eḷakā</i> S.II,228,<i>eḷakī</i> Th.2,438,<i>eḷikī</i> J.III,481.(Page 161),5,1
  4472. 171437,en,15,elaka,eḷaka,Eḷaka,Eḷaka,<sup>1</sup> [?] a threshold (see Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,146) Vin.II,149 (°pādaka-pītha,why not “having feet resembling those of a ram”? Cp.Vin Texts III,165 “a chair raised on a pedestal”); D.I,166; A.I,295; II,206.The word &#38; its meaning seems uncertain.(Page 161),5,1
  4473. 171454,en,15,elaluka,elāluka,Elāluka,Elāluka,(Eḷāluka) (nt.) [etym.?] a kind of cucumber(?) Vv 33<sup>29</sup>; J.I,205; V,37; DhA.I,278.(Page 161),7,1
  4474. 171466,en,15,elambaraka,elambaraka,Elambaraka,Elambaraka,[?] N.of a creeping vine J.VI,536.(Page 161),10,1
  4475. 171476,en,15,elanda,elaṇḍa,Elaṇḍa,Elaṇḍa,= eraṇḍa (?) M.I,124.(Page 161),6,1
  4476. 171492,en,15,ena,ena,Ena,Ena,(pron.) [fr.pron.base *ē̆,cp.e-ka; to this cp.in form &#38; meaning Lat.ūnus,Gr.oi)nόs,Ohg.ein,Oir.ōin] only used in Acc.enaṃ (taṃ enaṃ) “him,this one,the same” Sn.583,981,1114; Dh.118,313; J.III,395; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III,B.</SUP> See also naṃ.(Page 161),3,1
  4477. 171500,en,15,eneyya,eṇeyya,Eṇeyya,Eṇeyya,D.III,157; J.VI,537 sq., &#38; <i>Eṇeyyaka</i> A.I,48; II,122; J.V,155 Nd<sup>2</sup> 604 = eṇi.(Page 161),6,1
  4478. 171511,en,15,eni,eṇi,Eṇi,Eṇi,(f.) [etym.? dial.] a kind of antelope,only two foll.cpds.:<i>°jaṅgha</i> “limbed like the antelope” (one of the physical characteristics of the Superman) D.II,17; III,143,156; M.II,136; S.I,16; Sn.165; <i>°miga</i> the eṇi deer J.V,416; SnA 207,217.(Page 160),3,1
  4479. 171540,en,15,eraka,eraka,Eraka,Eraka,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.ereti] Typha-grass J.IV,88.As <i>eragu</i>(?) a kind of grass used for making coverlets Vin.I,196 (eraka Bdhgh.on D.I,166).(Page 161),5,1
  4480. 171541,en,15,eraka,eraka,Eraka,Eraka,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [fr.ereti] driving away,moving J.IV,20 (°vāta); <i>°vattika</i> a certain kind of torture M.I,87 = A.I,47 = II.122 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 604 = Miln.197.(Page 161),5,1
  4481. 171562,en,15,eranda,eraṇḍa,Eraṇḍa,Eraṇḍa,[dial.?] the castor oil plant Nd<sup>2</sup> 680<SUP>II.</SUP>; J.II,440.Cp.<i>elaṇḍa</i>.(Page 161),6,1
  4482. 171581,en,15,eravana,erāvaṇa,Erāvaṇa,Erāvaṇa,N.of Indra’s elephant Sn.379; Vv 44<sup>13</sup>; VvA.15.(Page 161),7,1
  4483. 171605,en,15,ereti,ereti,Ereti,Ereti,[=īreti (q.v.) Caus.of <em>īr</em>,Sk.īrayati] to move,set into motion,raise (one’s voice) M.I,21; Sn.350 (eraya imper.); Th.1,209 (eraye); J.IV,478.-- pp.<i>erita</i> (q.v.).(Page 161),5,1
  4484. 171614,en,15,erita,erita,Erita,Erita,[pp.of ereti] moved,shaken,driven J.IV,424; Vv 39<sup>4</sup>,42<sup>4</sup>; Th.1,104,Pv.II,12<sup>3</sup>; Vism.172 (+ samerita),342 (vāt° moved by the wind).Cp.<i>īrita</i>.(Page 161),5,1
  4485. 171622,en,15,esa,esa,Esa,Esa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) = <i>esin</i> Sn.286.(Page 162),3,1
  4486. 171623,en,15,esa,esa,Esa,Esa,<sup>1</sup> see <i>etad</i>.(Page 162),3,1
  4487. 171630,en,15,esabha,esabha,Esabha,Esabha,(-°) a by-form of <i>usabha</i> (q.v.),in cpd.rathesabha.(Page 162),6,1
  4488. 171644,en,15,esana,esanā,Esanā,Esanā,(f.) [fr.esati] desire,longing,wish D.III,216,270; M.I,79; S.V,54,139; A.I,93; II,41; V,31; VvA.83; PvA.98,163,265.See also <i>anesanā</i>,<i> isi </i>&<i> pariy°</i>.(Page 162),5,1
  4489. 171660,en,15,esani,esanī,Esanī,Esanī,(f.) [fr.<em>iṣ</em>] a surgeon’s probe M.II,256.(Page 162),5,1
  4490. 171673,en,15,esati,esati,Esati,Esati,[ā + <em>iṣ</em><i><sup>1</sup></i> with confusion of <em>iṣ</em><i><sup>1</sup></i> and <em>iṣ</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,icchati,see also ajjhesati,anvesati,pariyesati] to seek,search,strive for Sn.592 (esāno ppr.med.),919; Dh.131.(Page 162),5,1
  4491. 171685,en,15,esika,esika,Esika,Esika,(nt.) &#38; <i>Esikā<sup>1</sup></i> (f.) [a by-form of isīkā] a pillar,post A.IV,106,109.Freq.in cpd.<i>°ṭṭhāyin</i> as stable as a pillar D.I,14; S.III,202,211,217; DA.I,105.(Page 162),5,1
  4492. 171692,en,15,esika,esikā,Esikā,Esikā,<sup>2</sup> desire,see <i>abbūḷha</i>.(Page 162),5,1
  4493. 171706,en,15,esin,esin,Esin,Esin,(adj.) [Sk.eṣin,of <em>iṣ</em>] seeking,wishing,desiring S.II,11 (sambhav°); J.I,87 (phal°); IV,26 (dukkham°); Pv.II,9<sup>28</sup> (gharam); PvA.132.(Page 162),4,1
  4494. 171741,en,15,etad,etad,Etad,Etad,(pron.adj.) [Vedic etad,of pron.base *e; see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under equidem] demonstr.pron.“this”,with on the whole the same meaning and function as <i>tad</i>,only more definite and emphatic.Declined like <i>tad</i>.Cases:nt.sg.<i>etad</i> (poetical-archaic form) A.II,17; Sn.274,430,822,1087; J.I,61,279; &#38; <i>etaṃ</i> (the usual form) Sn.51,207,1036,1115; J.II,159; pl.<i>etāni</i> Sn.52; J.II,159.-- m.sg.<i>esa</i> Sn.81,416,1052; J.I,279; II,159; Miln.18; DhA.I,18; &#38; <i>eso</i> Sn.61,312,393; J.VI,336; pl.<i>ete</i> Sn.188,760; J.I,223.-- f.sg.<i>esā</i> Sn.80,451; J.I,307; pl.<i>etā</i> Sn.297,897; J.II,129.-- Oblique cases:Gen.Dat.<i>etassa</i> J.II,159; f.<i>etissā</i> J.III,280; Instr.<i>etena</i> Sn.655; J.I,222; pl.Loc.<i>etesu</i> Sn.248,339,1055; f.<i>etāsu</i> Sn.607.Other cases regular &#38; frequent.(Page 161),4,1
  4495. 171754,en,15,etadisa,etādisa,Etādisa,Etādisa,(adj.) [etad + disa,of <em>dṛś</em>,cp.Sk.etādṛśa] such,such like,of this kind D.II,157; Sn.588,681,836; Pv.I,9<sup>4</sup>; IV,1<sup>86</sup> (= edisa yathā-vutta-rūpa PvA.243); PvA.II,71.(Page 161),7,1
  4496. 171771,en,15,etarahi,etarahi,Etarahi,Etarahi,(adv.) [Sk.etarhi,cp.tarahi &#38; carahi] now,at present D.I,29,151,179,200; II,3; J.I,215 (opp.tadā); III,82; VI,364 (instead of paccuppanna).(Page 161),7,1
  4497. 171787,en,15,eti,eti,Eti,Eti,[P.eti represents Sk.eti as well as ā-eti,i.e.to go and to come (here); with Sk.eti cp.Av.aeiti,Gr.ei)_si,Lat.eo,it; Goth.iddja went,Obulg.iti,Oir.etha] to go,go to,reach; often (= ā + eti) to come back,return Sn.364,376,666 (come); J.VI,365 (return); ppr.<i>ento</i> J.III,433 (Acc.suriyaṃ atthaṃ entaṃ the setting sun); imper.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>ehi</i> only in meaning “come” (see separately),3<sup>rd</sup> <i>etu</i> D.I,60; 2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>etha</i> D.I,211; Sn.997; J.II,129; DhA.I,95 (in admission formula “etha bhikkhavo” come ye [and be] bhikkhus! See ehi bhikkhu).-- fut.<i>essati</i> J.VI,190,365, &#38; <i>ehiti</i> J.II,153; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>ehisi</i> Dh.236,369.-- pp.<i>ita</i> (q.v.).(Page 161),3,1
  4498. 171794,en,15,etta,etta,Etta,Etta,(adv.) [= Sk.atra,see also ettha] there,here Pv.I,5<sup>6</sup> (sic; cp.KhA 254 note).(Page 161),4,1
  4499. 171802,en,15,ettaka,ettaka,Ettaka,Ettaka,(adj.) [etta + ka,contrasting-comparative function,cp.tattaka] so much,this much,according to context referring either to deficiency or abundance,thus developing 2 meanings,viz.(1) just as much ( &#38; no more),only so little,all this,just this,such a small number,a little; pl.so few,just so many D.I,117 (opp.aparimāṇa),124; A.IV,114; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III,</SUP> (ettakena na tussati is not satisfied with this much); Vv 79<sup>12</sup> (cp.VvA.307); Miln.10,18 (alaṃ ettakena enough of this much); DhA.I,90 (enough,this much),93,399 (pl.ettakā); II,54 (only one),174 sq.; VvA.233 (a little),323.-- ettakaṃ kālaṃ a short time (but see also under 2) J.I,34; DhA.II,20.-- (2) ever so much (and not less),so much,pl.so many,ever so many,so &#38; so many,such a lot A.III,337; J.I,207 (pl.ettakā),375 (nt.ettakaṃ); III,80 (id.),94 (°ṃ dhanaṃ such great wealth); Miln.37 (pl.); DhA.I,392,396 (pl.f.ettikā),397,398; II,14,89 (pl.),241 (pl.so many); VvA.65 (dhanaṃ).-- ettakaṃ kālaṃ for some time,such a long time (see also above,under 1) DhA.II,62,81; III,318; VvA.330.(Page 161),6,1
  4500. 171810,en,15,ettato,ettato,Ettato,Ettato,(adv.) [with double suffix for *atra-taḥ] from here,therefore S.I,185.(Page 161),6,1
  4501. 171818,en,15,ettavata,ettāvatā,Ettāvatā,Ettāvatā,(adv.) [fr.etta = ettaka,cp.kittāvatā:kittaka] so far,to that extent,even by this much D.I,205,207; S.II,17; Sn.478; Vv 55<sup>6</sup> (cp.VvA.248); Pv IV.1<sup>67</sup>; Miln.14; DA.I,80; SnA 4; PvA.243.(Page 161),8,1
  4502. 171822,en,15,ettha,eṭṭha,Eṭṭha,Eṭṭha,[pp.of ā + <em>iṣ</em>] see pariy°; do.°eṭṭhi.(Page 160),5,1
  4503. 171829,en,15,ettha,ettha,Ettha,Ettha,(adv.) [= Sk.atra,cp.etta] here,in this place; also temporal “now”, &#38; modal “in this case,in this matter” D.II,12; S.V,375; Dh.174; Sn.61,171,424,441,502,1037, &#38; freq.passim.(Page 161),5,1
  4504. 171838,en,15,etthi,eṭṭhi,Eṭṭhi,Eṭṭhi,(f.) [fr.eṭṭha,ā + <em>iṣ</em>,cp.Sk.eṣṭi] desire,wish,in comb<sup>n.</sup> with gaveṭṭhi pariyeṭṭhi etc.Vbh.353 = Vism.23,29 etc.(Page 160),5,1
  4505. 171848,en,15,etto,etto,Etto,Etto,(adv.) [in analogy to ito fr.*et°,as ito fr.*it°] orig.Abl.of etad; from this,from it,thence,hence,out of here Sn.448,875; J.I,223 (opp.ito),V.498; Pv.I,1<sup>1</sup>; II,10<sup>4</sup>; DhA.II,80 (ito vā etto vā here &#38; there); PvA.103.(Page 161),4,1
  4506. 171858,en,15,eva,eva,Eva,Eva,(adv.) [Vedic eva] emphatic part “so,even,just”; very freq.in all contexts &#38; comb<sup>ns.</sup> -- 1.<i>eva</i> J.I,61 (ajj’eva this veryday),278 (that’eva likewise); II,113 (ahaṃ e.just I),154 (ekam e.just one),160 (attano e.his very own).-- 2.eva often appears with prothetic (sandhi-)y as <i>yeva</i>,most frequently after i and e,but also after the other vowels and ṃ,cp.J.I,293,307; II,110,128,129,159; IV,3; VI,363.-- 3.After ṃ eva also takes the form of <i>ñeva</i>,mostly with assimilation of ṃ to ñ,viz.tañ ñeva J.I,223; tasmiñ ñeva J.I,139; ahañ ñeva Miln.40.-- 4.After long vowels eva is often shortened to <i>va</i> (q.v.).<br><br> <i>--rūpa</i> (1) such,like that Sn.279,280; It.108; J.II,352,etc.-- (2) of such form,beauty or virtue J.I,294; III,128,etc.(Page 162),3,1
  4507. 171876,en,15,evam,evaṃ,Evaṃ,Evaṃ,(adv.) [Vedic evaṃ] so,thus,in this way,either referring to what precedes or what follows,e.g.(1) thus (as mentioned,expl<sup>d.</sup> at Vism.528 as “niddiṭṭha-nayanidassana”) D.I,193 (evaṃ sante this being being so),195 (id.); Vin.II,194 (evaṃ bhante,yes); J.I,222; Pv.II,13<sup>12</sup> evaṃ etaṃ,just so).-- (2) thus (as follows) M.I,483 (evaṃ me sutaṃ “thus have I heard”).-- Often comb<sup>d.</sup> with similar emphatic part.,as evam eva kho “in just the same way” (in final conclusions) D.I,104,199,228,237,239; in older form evaṃ byā kho (= evam iva kho) Vin.II,26; IV,134 = DA.I,27; evam evaṃ “just so” D.I,51; Sn.1115; evaṃ kho D.I,113; evam pi Sn.1134; evaṃ su D.I,104; etc.etc.<br><br> <i>--diṭṭhin</i> holding such a view M.I,484.<i>--nāma</i> having that name M.I,429.(Page 162),4,1
  4508. 171978,en,15,gabbha,gabbha,Gabbha,Gabbha,[Vedic garbha,either to <i>*gelbh</i>,as in Lat.galba,Goth.kalbo,Ohg.kalba,E.calf,or <i>*gǔe bh</i>,as in Gr.delfuζ womb,adelfόs sharing the womb,brother,dέlfac young pig; cp.<i>*gelt</i> in Goth.kilpei womb.Ags.cild,Ger.kind,E.child.Meaning:a cavity,a hollow,or,seen from its outside,a swelling] 1.interior,cavity (Loc.gabbhe in the midst of:aṅgāra° J.III,55); an inner room,private chamber,bedroom,cell.Of a Vihāra:Vin.II,303; III,119; IV,45; VvA.188; 220; -- J.I,90 (siri° royal chamber); III,276; Vv 78<sup>5</sup> (=ovaraka VvA.304); DhA.I,397; Miln.10,295.See also anto°.‹-› 2.the swelling of the (pregnant) womb,the womb (cp.kucchi).°ṃ upeti to be born Dh.325=Th.1,17= Nett 34,129; °ṃ upapajjati to be born again Dh.126; gabbhā gabbhaṃ ...dukkaṃ nigacchanti from womb to womb (i.e.from birth to birth) Sn.278; gabbhato paṭṭhāya from the time of birth J.I,290,293.As a symbol of defilement g.is an ep.of kāma A.IV,289,etc.-- 3.the contents of the womb,i.e.the embryo,fœtus:dasa māse °ṃ kucchinā pariharitvā having nourished the fœtus in the womb for 10 months D II 14; dibbā gabbhā D.I,229; on g.as contained in kucchi,fœtus in utero,see J.I,50 (kucchimhi patiṭṭhito) 134; II,2; IV,482; M.I,265; Miln.123 (gabbhassa avakkanti); DhA.I,3,47; II,261.-- Pv.I,6<sup>7</sup>; PvA.31; gabbho vuṭṭhāsi the child was delivered Vin.II,278; itthi-gabbho &#38; purisa° female &#38; male child J.I,51; gabbhaṃ pāteti to destroy the fœtus Vin.II,268; apagatagabbhā (adj.) having had a miscarriage Vin.II,129; mūḷha-gabbhā id.M.II,102 (+visatā°); paripuṇṇa-gabbhā ready to be delivered J.I,52; PvA.86; saññi° a conscious fœtus D.I,54=M.I,518=S.III,212; sannisinna-gabbhā having conceived Vin.II,278.<br><br> <i>--avakkanti</i> (gabbhe okkanti Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>1</sup>) conception D.III,103,231; Vism.499,500 (°okkanti); this is followed by gabbhe ṭhiti &#38; gabbhe vuṭṭhāna,see Nd<sup>2</sup>; <i>--āsaya</i> the impurities of childbirth Pv III,5<sup>3</sup> (=°mala); <i>--karaṇa</i> effecting a conception Sn.927; <i>--gata</i> leaving the womb,in putte gabbhagate when the child was born PvA.112; <i>--dvāra</i> the door of the bed-chamber J.I,62; <i>--pariharaṇa</i>=next Vism.500; <i>--parihāra</i> “the protection of the embryo,” a ceremony performed when a woman became pregnant J.II,2; DhA.I,4; <i>--pātana</i> the destruction of the embryo,abortion,an abortive preparation Vin.III,83 sq.; Pv.I,6<sup>6</sup> (akariṃ); PvA.31 (dāpesi); DhA.I,47 (°bhesajja); <i>--mala</i> the uncleanness of delivery,i.e.all accompanying dirty matter PvA.80,173 (as food for Petas),198; DhA.IV,215; <i>--vīsa</i> in ahañc’amhi gabbhavīso “I am 20 years,counting from my conception” Vin.I,93; <i>--vuṭṭhāna</i> (nt.) childbirth,delivery J.I,52; DhA.I,399; II,261; <i>--seyyā</i> (f.) the womb; only in expressions relating to reincarnation,as:na punar eti (or upeti) gabbhaseyyaṃ “he does not go into another womb,” of an Arahant Sn.29,152,535; Vv 53<sup>24</sup>; and gabbhaseyyaka (adj.) one who enters another womb Vbh.413 sq.; Vism.272,559,560; Bdhd 77,78.(Page 244),6,1
  4509. 172126,en,15,gabbhara,gabbhara,Gabbhara,Gabbhara,(nt.) [Derivation uncertain.Cp.Sk.gahvara] a cavern Sn.416 (giri°); Vv 63<sup>5</sup> (giri°).(Page 245),8,1
  4510. 172260,en,15,gabbhini,gabbhinī,Gabbhinī,Gabbhinī,(adj.f.) pregnant,enceinte Vin.II,268; S.III,202; J.I,151,290; IV,37; Pv.I,6<sup>6</sup>; PvA.31,82:VvA.110 (-bhāva); in comb<sup>n</sup> g° pāyamānā purisantaragatā (pregnant,lactating &#38; having had sex.intercourse) A.I,295=II.206=M.I,77,238,307,342=Pug.55; with utunī anutunī (menstruating &#38; having ceased to menstruate) A.III,226 sq.(Page 245),8,1
  4511. 172316,en,15,gabbita,gabbita,Gabbita,Gabbita,(adj.) proud,arrogant J.II,340 (°bhāva=issariya); III,264 (°sabhāva=dittasabhāva); Sum.V.on D.III,153 (=avamata).(Page 244),7,1
  4512. 172337,en,15,gaccha,gaccha,Gaccha,Gaccha,[not=Sk.kaccha,grass-land,as Morris,J.P.T.S.1893,16.The passage J.III,287 stands with gaccha,v.l.kaccha for gaccha at A.IV,74; g° for k° at Sn.20] a shrub,a bush,usually together with <i>latā</i>,creeper &#38; <i>rukkha</i>,tree,e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> 235,I<sup>d</sup>; J.I,73; Miln.268; Vism.182 (described on p.183).With dāya,wood A.IV,74.puppha° a flowering shrub J.I,120; khuddaka°-vana a wood of small shrubs J.V,37.-- PvA.274; VvA.301 (-gumba,brushwood,underwood); DhA.I,171 (-pothana-ṭṭhāna); IV,78 (-mūla).(Page 239),6,1
  4513. 172410,en,15,gacchati,gacchati,Gacchati,Gacchati,[Vedic gacchati,a desiderative (future) formation from <i>*gǔem</i> “I am intent upon going,” i.e.I go,with the foll.bases.-- (1) Future-present *gǔemskéti› *gaścati›Sk.gacchati=Gr.baζkw (to bainw).In meaning cp.i,Sk.emi,Gr.εί mi “I shall go” &#38; in form also Sk.pṛcchati=Lat.porsco “I want to know,” Vedic icchati “to desire.” -- (2) Present *gǔem<i>ị</i>o=Sk.gamati=Gr.bai/nw,Lat.venio,Goth.qiman,Ohg.koman,E.come; and non-present formations as Osk.kúmbened,Sk.gata=Lat.ventus; gantu=(ad) ventus.-- (3) *gǔā,which is correlated to *stā,in Pret.Sk.ágām,Gr.e]/bhn,cp.bhμa].These three formations are represented in Pāli as follows (1) gacch°,in pres.gacchati; imper.gaccha &#38; gacchāhi; pot.gacche (Dh.46,224) &#38; gaccheyya; p.pres.gacchanto,med.gacchamāna; fut (2nd) gacchissati; aor.agacchi (VvA.307; v.l.agañchi).-- (2) gam° in three variations; viz.(a) gam°,in pres.caus.gameti; fut.gamissati; aor.3 sg.agamā (Sn.408,976; Vv 79<sup>7</sup>; Mhvs VII.9),agamāsi &#38; gami (Pv.II,8<sup>6</sup>) 1.pl.agamiṃhase (Pv.II,3<sup>10</sup>),pl.agamuṃ (Sn.290),agamaṃsu &#38; gamiṃsu; prohib.mā gami; ger.gamya (J.V,31); grd.gamanīya (KhA 223).See also der.gama,gamana,gāmika,gāmin.-- (b) gan°,in aor.agañchi (on this form see Trenckner,Notes,p.71 sq.-- In n’āgañchi J.III,190 it belongs to ā+gam); pres.-aor gañchisi (Sn.665); inf.gantuṃ; ger.gantvā; grd.gantabba.See also der.gantar.‹-› (c) ga°,in pp.gata.See also ga,gati,gatta.-- 3.gā°,in pret.agā (Pv.II,3<sup>22</sup>),3rd pl.aor.agū (=Sk.°uḥ),in ajjhagū,anvagū (q.v.).<br><br> Meanings and Use:1.to go,to be in motion,to move,to go on (opp.to stand still,tiṭṭhati).Freq.in comb<sup>n</sup> with tiṭṭhati nisīdati seyyaṃ kappeti “to go,to stand,sit down &#38; lie down,” to denote all positions and every kind of behaviour; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.gacchati.‹-› evaṃ kāle gacchante,as time went on J.III,52,or evaṃ g° kāle (PvA.54,75) or gacchante gacchante kāle DhA.I,319; gacchati=paleti PvA.56; vemakoṭi gantvā pahari (whilst moving) DhA.III,176.-- 2.to go,to walk (opp.to run,dhāvati) DhA.I,389.-- 3.to go away,to go out,to go forth (opp.to stay,or to come,āgacchati):agamāsi he went Pv.II,8<sup>6</sup>; yo maṃ icchati anvetu yo vā n’icchati gacchatu “who wants me may come,who does not may go” Sn.564; āgacchantānañ ca gacchantānañ ca pamāṇaṃ n’atthi “there was no end of all who came &#38; went” J.II,133; gacchāma “let us go” J.I,263; gaccha dāni go away now! J.II,160; gaccha re muṇḍaka Vism.343; gacchāhi go then! J.I,151,222; mā gami do not go away! J.IV,2; pl.mā gamittha J.I,263; gacchanto on his way J.I,255,278; agamaṃsu they went away J.IV,3; gantukāma anxious to go J.I,222,292; kattha gamissasi where are you going? (opp.agacchasi) DhA.III,173; kahaṃ gacchissatha id.J.II,128; kuhiṃ gamissati where is he going? Sn.411,412.-- 4.with Acc.or substitute:to go to,to have access to,to arrive or get at (with the aim of the movement or the object of the intention); hence fig.to come to know,to experience,to realize.-- (a) with Acc.of direction:Rājagahaṃ gami he went to R.Pv.II,8<sup>6</sup>; Devadaha-nagaraṃ gantuṃ J.I,52; gacchām’ahaṃ Kusināraṃ I shall go to K.D.II,128; Suvaṇṇabhūmiṃ gacchanti they intended to go (“were going”) to S.J.III,188; migavaṃ g.to go hunting J.I,149; janapadaṃ gamissāma J.II,129; paradāraṃ g.to approach another man’s wife Dh.246.-- (b) with adverbs of direction or purpose (atthāya):santikaṃ (or santike) gacchati to go near a person (in Gen.),pitu s.gacchāma DhA.III,172; devāna santike gacche Dh.224 santikaṃ also J.I,152:II.159,etc.Kathaṃ tattha gamissāmi how shall I get there? J.I,159; II,159; tattha agamāsi he went there J.II,160.dukkhānubhavanatthāya gacchamānā “going away for the purpose of undergoing suffering” J.IV,3; vohāratthāya gacchāmi I am going out (=fut.) on business J.II,133.-- Similarly (fig.) in foll.expressions (op.“to go to Heaven,” etc.=to live or experience a heavenly life,op.next); Nirayaṃ gamissati J.VI,368; saggaṃ lokaṃ g.J.I,152; gacche pāram apārato Sn.1129,in this sense interpreted at Nd<sup>2</sup> 223 as adhigacchati phusati sacchikaroti,to experience.-- Sometimes with double Acc.:Bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi “I entrust myself to Bh.” Vin.I,16.-- Cp.also phrases as atthaṅgacchati to go home,to set,to disappear; antarā-gacchati to come between,to obstruct.-- 5.to go as a stronger expression for to be,i.e.to behave,to have existence,to fare (cp.Ger.es geht gut,Fr.cela va bien=it is good).Here belongs gati “existence,” as mode of existing,element,sphere of being,and out of this use is developed the periphrastic use of gam°,which places it on the same level with the verb “to be” (see b).-- (a) sugatiṃ gamissasi you will go to the state of well-being,i.e.Heaven Vin.II,195; It.77; opp.duggatiṃ gacchanti Dh.317--319; maggaṃ na jānanti yena gacchanti subbatā (which will fall to their share) Sn.441; gamissanti yattha gantvā na socare “they will go where one sorrows not” Sn.445; Vv 51<sup>4</sup>; yan ca karoti ...tañ ca ādāya gacchati “whatever a man does that he will take with him” S.I,93.-- (b) periphrastic (w.ger.of governing verb):nagaraṃ pattharitvā gaccheyya “would spread through the town” J.I,62; pariṇāmaṃ gaccheyya “could be digested” D.II,127; sīhacammaṃ ādāya agamaṃsu “they took the lion’s skin away with them” J.II,110; itthiṃ pahāya gamissati shall leave the woman alone J.VI,348; sve gahetvā gamissāmi “I shall come for it tomorrow” Miln.48.(Page 240),8,1
  4514. 172478,en,15,gada,gada,Gada,Gada,speech,sentence Dh.I,66,DA.I,66 f.; and on D.III,135 (§ 28); <i>gada</i> at S.II,230 (v.l.) in phrase diṭṭhagadena sallena is to be read diddhagadena s.(Page 243),4,1
  4515. 172526,en,15,gaddha,gaddha,Gaddha,Gaddha,[Vedic gṛdha; see gijjha] a vulture; in gaddhabādhipubbo,of the bhikkhu Ariṭṭha,who had been a vulture trainer in a former life Vin.II,25=IV.218= M.I,130; see also Vin.Texts II.377.(Page 243),6,1
  4516. 172553,en,15,gadduhana,gaddūhana,Gaddūhana,Gaddūhana,(nt.) [Derivation unknown; Sk.dadrūghna] a small measure of space &#38; time M.III,127; S.II,264 (°mattam pi,SA “pulling just once the cow’s teat”); A.IV,395; Miln.110.See Trenckner P.M.59,60; Rh.D.J.R.A.S.1903,375.(Page 243),9,1
  4517. 172566,en,15,gaddula,gaddula,Gaddula,Gaddula,(and gaddūla) a leather strap S.III,150; J.II,246; III,204; fig,in taṇhā-gaddūla “the leash of thirst,” Nd<sup>2</sup> on jappā (taṇhā)=Dhs.1059=Vbh.361,cp.DhsA.367.(Page 243),7,1
  4518. 172597,en,15,gadha,gādha,Gādha,Gādha,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.gāḷha firm Dhtp 167 “paṭiṭṭhāyaṃ” cp.also Sk.gādha,fordable &#38; see gāḷha<sup>1</sup>] adj.passable,fordable,in a° unfathomable,deep PvA.77 (=gambhīra).nt.a iord,a firm stand,firm ground,a safe place:gambhīre °ṃ vindati A.V,202.°ṃ esati to seek the terra firma S.I,127; similarly:°ṃ labhati to gain firm footing S.I,47; °ṃ ajjhagā S.IV,206; °ṃ labhate J.VI,440 (=patiṭṭhā).Cp.o°,paṭi°.(Page 248),5,1
  4519. 172598,en,15,gadha,gādha,Gādha,Gādha,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.gāḷha pp.of <em>gāh</em>,see gāhati] depth; a hole,a dugout A.II,107=Pug.43 (cp.PugA 225); Sdhp.394 (°ṃ khaṇati).Cp.gāḷha<sup>2</sup>.(Page 248),5,1
  4520. 172614,en,15,gadhati,gādhati,Gādhati,Gādhati,[v.der.fr.gādha<sup>2</sup>] to stand fast,to be on firm ground,to have a firm footing:āpo ca paṭhavī ca tejo vāyo na gādhati “the four elements have no footing” D.I,223=S.I,15; -- Dhamma-Vinaye gādhati “to stand fast in the Doctrine &#38; Discipline” S.III,59 sq.(Page 249),7,1
  4521. 172627,en,15,gadhita,gadhita,Gadhita,Gadhita,see gathita.(Page 243),7,1
  4522. 172660,en,15,gadrabha,gadrabha,Gadrabha,Gadrabha,[Vedic gardabha.,Lat.burdo,a mule; see Walde Lat.Wtb.,s.v.] an ass,donkey Vin.V,129; M.I,334; A.I,229; J.II,109,110; V,453; DA.I,163.-- f.<i>gadrabhī</i> J.II,340.<br><br> <i>--bhāraka</i> a donkey load J.II,109; DhA.I,123; <i>--bhāva</i> the fact of being an ass J.II,110; --rava ( &#38; --rāva) the braying of an ass ibid. &#38; Vism.415.(Page 243),8,1
  4523. 172709,en,15,gagana,gagana,Gagana,Gagana,(nt.) the sky (with reference to sidereal motions); usually of the moon:g° majjhe puṇṇacando viya J.I,149,212; g° tale canda-maṇḍalaṃ J.III,365; cando g° majjhe ṭhito J.V,137; cando gagane viya sobhati Vism.58; g° tale candaṃ viya DhA.I,372; g° tale puṇṇacanda “the full-moon in the expanse of the heavens” VvA.3; g° talamagga the (moon’s) course in the sky PvA.188; etc.Of the sun:suriyo ākāse antalikkhe gaganapathe gacchati Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.1097.Unspecified:J.I,57; Vism.176 (°tal-âbhimukhaṃ).(Page 239),6,1
  4524. 172764,en,15,gaggara,gaggara,Gaggara,Gaggara,[Vedic gargara throat,whirlpool.<i>*gǔer</i> to sling down,to whirl,cp.Gr.baρaqron,Lat.gurges,gurgulio,Ohg.querechela “kehle”] 1.roaring,only in f.<i>gaggarī</i> a blacksmith’s bellows:kammāra°,in simile M.I,243; S.I,106; Vism.287.-- 2.(nt.) cackling,cawing,in <i>haṃsa°</i> the sound of geese J.V,96 (expl.by haṃsamadhurassara).Gaggarā as N.of a lake at Vism.208.-- See note on gala.(Page 239),7,1
  4525. 172777,en,15,gaggaraka,gaggaraka,Gaggaraka,Gaggaraka,[fr.gaggara] a whirlpool,eddy J.V,405; according to Kern Toev.s.v.a sort of fish (Sk.gargaraka,Pimelodus Gagora); as <i>gaggalaka</i> at Miln.197.(Page 239),9,1
  4526. 172797,en,15,gaggarayati,gaggarāyati,Gaggarāyati,Gaggarāyati,[v.den.fr.prec.; cp.gurgulio:gurges,E.gargle &#38; gurgle] to whirl,roar,bellow,of the waves of the Gaṅgā Miln.3.-- cp.gaḷagaḷāyati.(Page 239),11,1
  4527. 172831,en,15,gaha,gaha,Gaha,Gaha,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.graha,gaṇhāti,q.v.for etym.] “seizer,” seizing,grasping,a demon,any being or object having a hold upon man.So at S.I,208 where Sānu is “seized” by an epileptic fit (see note in K.S.I.267,268).Used of dosa (anger) Dh.251 (exemplified at DhA.III,362 by ajagara° the grip of a boa,kumbhīla° of a crocodile,yakkha° of a demon).<i>sagaha</i> having crocodiles,full of e.(of the ocean) (+sarakkhasa) It.57.Cp.gahaṇa &#38; saṃ°.(Page 247),4,1
  4528. 172832,en,15,gaha,gaha,Gaha,Gaha,<sup>1</sup> [see under gaṇhāti] a house,usually in cpds.(see below).J.III,396 (=the layman’s life; Com.geha).<br><br> <i>--kāraka</i> a house-builder,metaph.of taṇhā (cp.kāya as geha) Dh.153,154=Th.1,183,184; DhA.III,128; <i>--kūṭa</i> the peak of a house,the ridge-pole,metaph.of ignorance Dh.154 (=kaṇṇika-maṇḍala DhA 128),replacing thūṇirā (pillar) at Th.1,184 in corresp.passage (= kaṇṇikā Com.); <i>--ṭṭha</i> a householder,one who leads the life of a layman (opp.anagāra,pabbajita or paribbājaka) Vin.I,115 (sagahaṭṭhā parisā an assembly in which laymen were present); S.I,201; A.III,114,116,258; It.112 (gharaṃ esino gahaṭṭhā) Dh.404=Sn.628; Sn.43 (gharaṃ āvasanto,see Nd<sup>2</sup> 226 for explanation),90,134 (paribbājaṃ gahaṭṭhaṃ vā) 398,487; Sdhp.375.--°vatta a layman’s rule of conduct Sn.393 (=agāriyā paṭipadā SnA 376) --°ka belonging to a layman; acting as a layman or in the quality of a l.A.II,35 (kiṅkaraṇiyāni),III,296 (brahmacariyā); <i>--pati</i> see sep.(Page 247),4,1
  4529. 172846,en,15,gaha,gāha,Gāha,Gāha,[fr.gaṇhāti] 1.(n.) seizing,seizure,grip (cp.gaha):canda° suriya° an eclipse (lit.the moon,etc.,being seized by a demon) D.I,10 (=DA.I,95:Rāhu candaṃ gaṇhāti).Esp.appl<sup>d</sup> to the sphere of the mind; obsession,being possessed (by a thought),an idea,opinion,view,usually as a preconceived idea,a wrong view,misconception.So in def<sup>n</sup> of diṭṭhi (wrong views) with paṭiggāha &#38; abhinivesa Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>III</SUP> (on lepa); Pug.22Q Dhs.381 (=obsession like the grip of a crocodile DhsA.253),1003; Vbh.145,358.In the same formula as vipariyesa ggāha (wrong view),cp.viparīta° VvA.331 (see diṭṭhi).As doubt &#38; error in anekaṃ sa+g° in def<sup>n</sup> of kaṅkhā &#38; vicikicchā Nd<sup>2</sup> 1; Vbh.168; ekaṃsa° &#38; apaṇṇaka° certainty,right thought J.I,97.-- gāhaṃ vissajjeti to give up a preconceived idea J.II,387.-- 2.(adj.) act.holding:rasmi° holding the reins Dh.222; dabbi° holding the spoons Pv.II,9<sup>53</sup> (=gāhaka PvA.135).-- (b) med.-pass.taken:jīvagāha taken alive,in °ṃ gaheti to take (prisoner) alive S.I,84,karamaragāhaṃ gaheti same J.III,361 (see kara).(Page 250),4,1
  4530. 172868,en,15,gahaka,gāhaka,Gāhaka,Gāhaka,(adj.) f.gāhikā holding (-°) chatta° Sn.688; Dāvs II.119; katacchu° PvA.135; cāmarī° J.VI,218.Cp.saṃ°.(Page 250),6,1
  4531. 172899,en,15,gahana,gahaṇa,Gahaṇa,Gahaṇa,[fr.gaṇhāti] (adj.) seizing,taking; acquiring; (n.) seizure,grasp,hold,acquisition Vism.114 (in detail).Usually --°:nāma°-divase on the day on which a child gets its name (lit.acquiring a name) J.I,199,262; arahatta° DhA.I,8; dussa° DhA.II,87; maccha° J.IV,139; hattha° J.I,294; byanjana°-lakkhaṇa Nett 27.gahaṇatthāya in order to get ...J.I,279; II,352.‹-› amhākaṃ g° sugahaṇaṃ we have a tight grip J.I,222,223.(Page 247),6,1
  4532. 172910,en,15,gahana,gahana,Gahana,Gahana,[Sk.gahana,cp.also ghana] 1.adj.deep,thick,impervious,only in a° clear,unobstructed,free from obstacles Vv 18<sup>7</sup> (akanataka+); Miln.160 (gahanaṃ a° kataṃ the thicket is cleared).-- 2.nt.an impenetrable place,a thicket jungle,tangle.-- (a) 18 gahanāni at J.V,46; usually appl.to grass:tiṇa° A.I,153=III,128 (+rukkha°); Miln.369; adj.tiṇagahanā obstructed with grass (of vihārā) Vin.II,138; -- S.I,199 (rukkhamūla°); J.I,7,158; PvA.5 (pabbata°),43; VvA.230 (vana°).-- (b) fig.imperviousness,entanglement,obstruction,appl.to diṭṭhi,the jungle of wrong views or heresy (usually comb<sup>d</sup> w.diṭṭhi-kantāra,the wilderness of d.,see diṭṭhi) M.I,8,485; Pug.22; DA.I,108.Of rāga°,moha°,etc.,and kilesa° Nd<sup>2</sup> 630 (in expl.of Satthā; rāgagahanaṃ tāreti); DhA.IV,156 (on Dh.394); VvA.96.-manussa° M.I,340.<br><br> <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> a lair in the jungle J.I,150,253.(Page 248),6,1
  4533. 172921,en,15,gahana,gāhana,Gāhana,Gāhana,(nt.) [fr.last] submersion,see avagahana,avagāhati &#38; avagāhana.(Page 250),6,1
  4534. 173091,en,15,gahani,gahaṇī,Gahaṇī,Gahaṇī,(f.) the “seizer,” a supposed organ of the body dealing with digestion and gestation.Sama-vepākiniyā g° iyā samannāgata “endowed with good digestion” D.II,177=III,166.Same phrase at Av Ś I.168,172.Cp.Vedic graha.B.Psy.59,67.<br><br> <i>Gahaṇika</i> in phrase saṃsuddha-<i>gahaṇika</i> coming from a clean womb,of pure descent,in the enum.of the indispensable good qualities of a brahmin or a noble D.I,113,115,137 (gahaṇī expl.as kucchi DA.I,281); A.I,163,III,154,223; Sn.p.115.J.I,2; duṭṭha-gahaṇika having a bad digestion Vin.I,206.(Page 248),6,1
  4535. 173146,en,15,gahapaka,gāhāpaka,Gāhāpaka,Gāhāpaka,[fr.gāhāpeti] one who is made to take up,a receiver Vin.II,177 (patta°).(Page 250),8,1
  4536. 173173,en,15,gahapati,gahapati,Gahapati,Gahapati,[gaha+pati.Vedic gṛhapati,where pati is still felt in its original meaning of “lord,” “master,” implying dignity,power &#38; auspiciousness.Cp.Sk.dampati=dominus=despόths; and pati in P.senāpati commander-in-chief,Sk.jāspati householder,Lat.hospes,Obulg.gospoda=potestas,Goth.brūp-faps,bride-groom,hunda-faps=senāpati.See details under pati.] the possessor of a house,the head of the household,pater familias (freq.+seṭṭhi).-- 1.In formulas:(a) as regards social standing,wealth &#38; clanship:a man of private (i.e.not official) life,classed w.khattiyā &#38; brāhmaṇā in kh°-mahāsālā,wealthy Nobles,brahm°mahāsālā,do.Brahmins,gah° --m° well-to-do gentry S.I,71; Nd<sup>2</sup> 135; DhA.I,388.-- kh°-kula,br°-kula,g°-kula the kh°,etc.clans:Vin.II,161; J.I,218.kh°,amaccā,br°,g.° D.I,136.-- (b) as regards education &#38; mode of life ranking with kh°,br°,g.° and samaṇā Vin.I,227; A.I,66; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235,see also cpd.--paṇḍita.‹-› 2.Other applications:freq.in comb<sup>n</sup> brāhmaṇagahapatikā priests &#38; yeomen:see gahapatika.In comb<sup>n</sup> w.gahapatiputta (cp.kulaputta) it comprises the members of the g.rank,clansmen of the (middle) class,and implies a tinge of “respectable people” esp.in addresses.So used by the Buddha in enumerating the people as gahapati vā gah°-putto vā aññatarasmiṃ vā kule paccājāto D.I,62; M.I,344.gahapatī ca gahapatāniyo householders and their wives A.II,57.In sg.the Voc.gahapati may be rendered by “Sir” (Miln.17 e.g.and freq.), &#38; in pl.gahapatayo by “Sirs” (e.g.Vin.I,227; M.I,401; A.II,57).-- As regards occupation all resp.businesses are within the sphere of the g.,most frequently mentioned as such are seṭṭhino (see below) &#38; cp.seṭṭhi° Vin.I,16,but also kassaka,farmer A.I,229,239 sq.; and dārukammika,carpenter A.III,391.Var.duties of a g.enum.at A.I,229,239.--The wealth &#38; comfortably-living position of a g.is evident from an expression like kalyāṇa-bhattiko g.a man accustomed to good food Vin.II,77=III,160.-- f.<i>gahapatānī</i> Vin.III,211,213 sq.,259 (always w.gahapati); DhA.I,376; pl.gahapatāniyo see above.-- Note.The Gen.sg.of gahapati is °ino (J.I,92) as well as --issa (Vin.I,16; D.III,36).-- 3.Single cases of gahapatis,where g.almost assumes the function of a title are Anāthapiṇḍika g.Vin.II,158 sq.; S.I,56; II,68; A.II,65; J.I,92; PvA.16; Meṇḍaka g.Vin.I,240 sq.; Citta S.IV,281 sq.; Nakulapitā S.II,1 sq.; Potaliya M.I,359; Sandhāna D.III,36 sq.; Hāliddikāni S.II,9.-- See next.<br><br> <i>--’aggi</i> the sacred fire to be maintained by a householder,interpreted by the Buddha as the care to be bestowed on one’s children &#38; servants A.IV,45; see enum.under aggī at A.IV,41; D.III,217; <i>--cīvara</i> the robe of a householder (i.e.a layman’s robe) Vin.I,280 sq.; °dhara wearing the householder’s (private man’s) robe (of a bhikkhu) M.I,31; A.III,391 sq.; <i>--necayika</i> (always with brāhmaṇa-mahāsālā) a business man of substance D.I,136; III,16 sq.; <i>--paṇḍita</i> a learned householder.Cp.above 1 (b),together w.khattiya°,etc.M.I,176,396; w.samaṇa-brāhmaṇa° Miln.5; <i>--parisā</i> a company of gahapatis (together w.khattiya°,etc.,see above) Vin.I,227; M.I,72; D.III,260; <i>--putta</i> a member of a g.clan D.I,62,211; M.I,344; S.III,48,112; PvA.22; <i>--mahāsāla</i> a householder of private means (cp.above 1 a) usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with khattiya°,etc.D.III,258; S.I,71; IV,292; A.II,86; IV,239; <i>--ratana</i> the “householder-gem” one of the seven fairy jewels of the mythical overlord.He is a wizard treasure-finder (see ratana) D.II,16,176; Sn.p.106.Cp.Rh.D.Dialogues etc.II.206.(Page 248),8,1
  4537. 173199,en,15,gahapatika,gahapatika,Gahapatika,Gahapatika,(adj.-n.) belonging to the rank or grade of a householder,a member of the gentry,a man of private means (see gahapati) D.I,61 (expl.as gehassa pati ekageha-matte jeṭṭhaka DA.I,171); Nd<sup>2</sup> 342; PvA.39.Often in comb<sup>n</sup> w.khattiya &#38; brāhmaṇa:A.I,66; D.III,44,46,61; &#38; often in contrast to brāhmaṇa only:brāhmaṇa-gahapatika Brahmins &#38; Privates (priests &#38; laymen,Rh.D.Buddh.S.p.258) M.I,400; A.I,110; It III,; J.I,83,152,267; PvA.22.-- paṇṇika g° “owner of a house of leaves” as nickname of a fruiterer J.III,21; of an ascetic J.IV,446.(Page 248),10,1
  4538. 173293,en,15,gahapeti,gāhāpeti,Gāhāpeti,Gāhāpeti,[caus.of gaṇhāti] to cause to take; to cause to be seized or fetched; to remove.Aor,gāhāpesi J.I,53; II,37; gāhāpayi Pv IV.1<sup>42</sup>.-- Ger.gāhāpetvā J.I,166; II,127; III,281; DhA.I,62 (patta-cīvaraṃ).With double Acc.mahājanaṃ kathaṃ g° made people believe your words J.II,416; cetake kasā g.made the servants seize their whips J.III,281.Cp.gaṇhāpeti.(Page 250),8,1
  4539. 173343,en,15,gahati,gāhati,Gāhati,Gāhati,[Sk.gāhate but Dhtp 349=viloḷana] to immerse,to penetrate,to plunge into:see gādha &#38; gāḷha; cp.also avagadha ajjhogāhati,ogāhati,pagāhati.(Page 250),6,1
  4540. 173388,en,15,gahavant,gāhavant,Gāhavant,Gāhavant,in ekaṃsa-gāhavatī nibbici kicchā “doubtlessness consisting in certainty” VvA.85 in expl<sup>n</sup> of ekaṃsika.(Page 250),8,1
  4541. 173543,en,15,gaheti,gāheti,Gāheti,Gāheti,[v.denom.fr.gāha] to understand,to account for DA.I,117.(Page 250),6,1
  4542. 173570,en,15,gahi,gāhi,Gāhi,Gāhi,Imper.pres.of gāyati J.III,507.(Page 250),4,1
  4543. 173580,en,15,gahika,gāhika,Gāhika,Gāhika,(-°)=gahin,see anta°.(Page 250),6,1
  4544. 173588,en,15,gahin,gāhin,Gāhin,Gāhin,(adj.) (-°) grasping,taking up,striving after,ādhāna° D.III,247; udaka° J.I,5; piya° Dh.209; nimitta° anubyañjana°,etc.(Page 250),5,1
  4545. 173594,en,15,gahita,gahita,Gahita,Gahita,(and gahīta Dh.311) (adj.) [pp.of gaṇhāti] seized.taken,grasped D.I,16; DA.I,107 (=ādinna,pavattita); J.I,61; IV,2; PvA.43 (v.l.for text gaṇhita).-- nt.a grasp,grip DhA.III,175; -- gahitakaṃ karoti to accept VvA.260.<i>--duggahīta</i> (always °gahīta) hard to grasp M.I,132 sq.; A.II,147,168; III,178; Dh.311; J.VI,307 sq.; <i>sugahita</i> (sic) easy to get J.I,222.<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> (cittassa) the state of being held (back),holding back,preventing to act (generously) DhsA.370 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of aggahitattaṃ cittassa Dhs.1122 see under ā°).(Page 248),6,1
  4546. 174046,en,15,gaja,gaja,Gaja,Gaja,[Sk.gaja] an elephant J.IV,494; Miln.2,346; DhsA.295 (appl<sup>d</sup> to a kind of thought).<br><br> <i>--potaka</i> the young of an elephant PvA.152; --rājā the king of the elephants Miln.346.(Page 240),4,1
  4547. 174062,en,15,gajaka,gajaka,Gajaka,Gajaka,=gaja,in <i>gajakattharaṇa</i> an elephant’s cover VvA.104.(Page 240),6,1
  4548. 174164,en,15,gajjati,gajjati,Gajjati,Gajjati,[Sk.garjati,cp.gargara &#38; jarā roaring,cp.uggajjati Dhtp 76:gajja sadde] to roar,to thunder,usually of clouds.Of the earth:Dāvs.V,29; of a man (using harsh speech) J.I,226; II,412 (mā gajji); Nd<sup>1</sup> 172 (=abhi°); J.IV,25.-- Caus.gajjayati,ger.gajjayitvā (megho g° thanayitvā (megho g° thanayitvā pavassati) It.66.(Page 240),7,1
  4549. 174196,en,15,gajjitar,gajjitar,Gajjitar,Gajjitar,[n.agent fr.prec.] one who thunders,of a man in comparison with a cloud A.II,102=Pug.42.(Page 240),8,1
  4550. 174223,en,15,gala,gala,Gala,Gala,[<i>*</i><em>gel</em> to devour,to swallow=Lat.gula,Ohg.kela,cp.Sk.gala jalukā,and <i>*gǔel</i>,as Gr.dέlear,cp.also Sk.girati,gilati Dhtp 262 gives as meaning of <em>gal</em> “adana.” This root <em>gal</em> also occurs at Vism.410 in fanciful def.of “puggala”; the meaning here is not exactly sure (to cry,shout?)] the throat J.I,216,264,III,26; IV,494:I.194 (a dewlap); PvA.11,104.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> the top of the throat Sdhp.379; <i>--ajjhoharaniya</i> able to be swallowed (of solid food) Dhs.646,740,875; <i>--ggaha</i> taking by the throat,throttling D.I,144 (+daṇḍapahāra); <i>--nāḷī</i> the larynx DhA.I,253; II,257; <i>--ppamāṇa</i> (adj.) going up to the neck J.I,264 (āvāṭa); <i>--pariyosāṇa</i> forming the end of the throat J.III,126; <i>--ppavedhaka</i> (nt.) pain in the throat M.I,371; <i>--mūla</i> the bottom of the throat PvA.283.<i>--vāṭaka</i> the bottom (?) of the throat (œsophagus?) Vism.185,258.<br><br> Note.--<i>gala</i> with many other words containing a guttural+liquid element belongs to the onomatopoetic roots <em>kḷ</em> &#38; <em>gḷ</em> ;l (<em>kṛ</em> &#38; <em>gṛ </em>),usually reduplicated (iterative),the main applications of which are the following:<br><br> 1.The (sounding) throat in designation of swallowing,mostly with a dark (guttural) vowel:gulp,belch,gargle,gurgle.<br><br> 2.The sound produced by the throat (voice) or sound in general,particularly of noises or sounds either inarticulate,confused &#38; indefinable or natural sounds striking enough per se to form a sufficient means of recognition (i.e.name) of the animal which utters this sound (cuckoo,e.g.).To be divided into:<br><br> A.palatal group (“light” sounds):squeak,yell,giggle,etc.,applied to -- (a) Animate Nature:the cackling,crowing noise of Palmipeds &#38; related birds,reminding of laughter (heron,hen,cock; cp.P.koñca,Lat.gallus) -- (b) Inanimate Nature:the grinding,nibbling,trickling,dripping,fizzing noises or sounds (P.galati,etc.).<br><br> B.guttural group (“dark” sounds):groan,growl,howl,etc.,appl<sup>d</sup> to -- (a) Animate N.:the snorting,grunting noise of the Pachyderms &#38; related quadrupeds (elephant,op.P.koñca,kuñjara; pig,boar) -- (b) Inanimate N.:the roaring,crashing,thundering noises (P.gaḷagaḷāyati,ghurughurāyati).<br><br> 3.The sound as indicating motion (produced by motion):<br><br> A.palatal group (“sharp” sounds,characteristic of quick motion:whizz,spin,whirl):P.gaggaraka whirlpool,Gr.kerkiζ spindle,bobbin.<br><br> B.guttural group (“dull” sounds,characteristic of slow and heavy motion:roll,thud,thunder).Sometimes with elimination of the sound-element appl<sup>d</sup> to swelling &#38; fullness,as in “bulge” or Gr.sfaragέw (be full).<br><br> These three categories are not always kept clearly separate,so that often a palatal group shifts into the sphere of a guttural one &#38; vice versa.-- The formation of <em>kḷ gḷ</em> roots is by no means an extinct process,nor is it restricted to any special branch of a linguistic family,as examples show.The main roots of Idg.origin are the foll.which are all represented in Pāli ‹-› (the categories are marked Acc.to the foregoing scheme 1,2A,2B,3):<i>kal</i> (2A):klάzw,clango,Goth.hlahjan laugh; <i>kār</i> (2 A):kh_ruc,Sk.kāru (cp.P.kitti),cārmen; <i>kel</i> (2 A):kέlados,calo (cp.P.kandati),Ohg.hellan; <i>ker</i> (2 A<sup>a</sup>):karkaiρw,kόrkoros=querquedula=kakkara (partridge); <i>kol</i> (2 B):cuculus,kokila (a); kolāhala and halāhala (b); <i>kor</i> (2 B<sup>a</sup>):cornix (cp.P.kāka),corvus=crow=raven; Sk.krośati; P.koñca.-- <i>gǔel</i> (1) Lat.gula,glutio,dέlear; <i>gǔer</i>:(1) bόros,bibrwζkw,Lat.voro,Sk.girati,Ohg.querka; (3) baρaqron (whirlpool) Sk.gargara:<i>gel</i> (1) Sk.gilati,Ohg.kela -- <i>gal</i> (2 A):gallus (a) gloria (b); <i>gar</i> (2 A<sup>b</sup>):gh_rus,garrulus,Ohg.kara:<i>gel</i> (2 A):xelidw/n (a) hirrio (to whine),Ohg.gellan (b):<i>ger</i>:(1) gargari/zw (gargle) Sk.gharghara (gurgling).(2 A<sup>a</sup>) gέranos = crane,Ger.krähen,Lat.gracillo (cackle); (2 B<sup>a</sup>) Ohg.kerran (grunt),Sk.gṛṇāti (sing); (2 A<sup>b</sup>) Sk.jarate (rustle); <i>gur</i> (2 B<sup>a</sup>):gru/zw=grundio= grunt; Lat.gurgulio; Sk.ghurghura.<br><br> With special reference to Pāli formations the foll.list shows a few sound roots which are further discussed in the Dictionary s.v.Closely connected with Idg.k̊l gḷ is the Pāli cerebral ṭ,tḥ,ḷ,ṇ,so that roots with these sounds have to be classed in a mutual relation with the liquids.In most cases graphic representation varies between both (cp.gala &#38; gaḷa) -- <i>kil</i> (kiṇ) (2 A<sup>b</sup>):kikī (cp.Sk.kṛka°),kilikilāyati &#38; kiṅkiṇāyati (tinkle),kili (click),kiṅkaṇika (bell); <em>kur</em> (2 B):ākurati to hawk,to be hoarse; <i>khaṭ</i> (1) khaṭakhaṭa (hawking),kākacchati (snore); (2 A<sup>a</sup>) kukkuṭa (cock); <em>gal</em> (1) gala (throat) uggilati (vomit); (2 A<sup>b</sup>) galati (trickle):(2 B<sup>a</sup>) Pk.galagajjiya (roar) &#38; guluguliya (bellow); (2 B<sup>b</sup>) gaḷagaḷāyati (roar); <i>gar</i> (2 A); gaggara (roar &#38; cackle,cp.Sk.gargara to 3); (2 B); gaggarāyati (roar); (3) gaggaraka (whirlpool); <i>ghar</i> (1) Sk.gharghara (gurgling); (2 A<sup>b</sup>) gharati (trickle),Sk.ghargharikā (bell); (2 B<sup>b</sup>) ghurughurāyati (grunt).-- See also kakaca,kaṅka,kaṅkaṇa,cakora (caṅkora),cakkavaka,jagghati,ciṭiciṭāyati,taṭataṭayati,timingala,papphāsa.(Page 246),4,1
  4551. 174231,en,15,gala,gaḷa,Gaḷa,Gaḷa,[same as gala,see note on prec.] 1.a drop,i.e.a fall:see gaḷāgala.-2.a swelling,a boil (=gaṇḍa) J.IV,494 (mattā gajā bhinnagaḷā elephants in rut,with the temple-swellings broken; expl.p.497 by madaṃ gaḷantā); Sn.61 (? v.l.gaṇḍa).-- 3.a hook,a fishhook Sn.61 (?),expl.at SnA 114 by ākaḍḍhanavasena baḷiso.<br><br> <i>gaḷāgaḷaṃ</i> gacchati to go from drop to drop,i.e.from fall to fall,w.ref.to the gatis J.V,453 (expl.by apāyaṃ gacchati).(Page 247),4,1
  4552. 174250,en,15,galagalayati,gaḷagaḷāyati,Gaḷagaḷāyati,Gaḷagaḷāyati,[=gaggarāyati,see note on gala] to roar,to crash,to thunder; deve gaḷagaḷāyate (Loc.abs.) in a thunderstorm,usually as <i>deve vassante deve g°</i> amidst rain and heavy thunder D.II,132; S.I,106; A.V,114 sq.(gala°); Th.1,189; Miln.116 (gaganaṃ ravati galag°); KhA 163 (mahāmegha).-- Gaṅgā galagalantī the roaring Gaṅgā Miln.122 (cp.halāhalasadda ibid.).(Page 247),12,1
  4553. 174272,en,15,galaka,galaka,Galaka,Galaka,(nt.) throat J.III,481; IV,251.(Page 247),6,1
  4554. 174334,en,15,galati,gaḷati,Gaḷati,Gaḷati,(and galati) [Sk.galati,cp.Ohg.quellan to well up,to flow out; see note on gala and cp.also jala water] 1.to drip,flow,trickle (trs. &#38; intr.) Vin.I,204 (natthu g.); M.I,336 (sīsaṃ lohitena gaḷati); J.IV,497 (madaṃ); IV,3 (lohitaṃ g.); V,472 (do.v.l.paggharati); Pv IV.5<sup>3</sup> (assukāni g.).-- 2.to rain Th.1,524 (deve gaḷantamhi in a shower of rain.Cp.gala-gaḷāyati).-- 3.to drop down,to fall DhA.II,146 (suriyo majjhaṭṭhānato galito).-- Cp.pari°.(Page 247),6,1
  4555. 174356,en,15,galayati,gaḷayati,Gaḷayati,Gaḷayati,[denom.to gaḷa in sense of gaḷati 1] to drip,to drop,in assukāni g.to shed tears Sn.691.(Page 247),8,1
  4556. 174376,en,15,galha,gāḷha,Gāḷha,Gāḷha,(adj.) [cp.Sk.gāḍha] 1.[cp.gādha<sup>1</sup>] strong,tight,close; thick.In phrase pacchābāhaṃ g° bandbanaṃ bandhati to pinion the arms tightly D.I,245; A.II,241; J.I,264; PvA.4.Of an illness (gāḷhena rogâtaṅkena phuṭṭha) A.II,174 sq.; appl<sup>d</sup> to poison smeared on an arrow M.I,429.<i>-- gālhaṃ &#38; gālhakaṃ</i> (adv.) tightly J.I,265,291.<i>-- agāḷha</i> (? prob.to be read <i>āgāḷha</i>) (of vacana,speech,comb<sup>d</sup> with pharusa) strong (?) Pug.32 (expl by Com.atigāḷha thaddha),cp.2.and gaḷita.‹-› 2.[cp.gādha<sup>1</sup> deep J.I,155 (°vedhin,piercing); Miln.370 (ogāhati).Cp.ajjhogāḷha,atigāḷha,ogāḷha,nigāḷhita,pagāḷha.(Page 250),5,1
  4557. 174429,en,15,galita,gaḷita,Gaḷita,Gaḷita,rough,in a° smooth J.V,203,206 (+mudu &#38; akakkasa); VI,64.(Page 247),6,1
  4558. 174462,en,15,galoci,gaḷocī,Gaḷocī,Gaḷocī,(f.).N.of a shrub (Cocculus cordifolius); in gaḷocilatā DhA.III,110; a creeper.Cp.pūtilatā.(Page 247),6,1
  4559. 174492,en,15,gama,gāma,Gāma,Gāma,[Vedic grāma,heap,collection,parish; <i>*</i><em>grem</em> to comprise; Lat.gremium; Ags.crammian (E.cram),Obulg.gramada (village community) Ohg.chram; cp.<i>*</i><em>ger</em> in Gr.a)geirw,a)gorά,Lat,grex.] a collection of houses,a hamlet (cp.Ger.gemeinde),a habitable place (opp.arañña:gāme vā yadi vâraññe Sn.119),a parish or village having boundaries &#38; distinct from the surrounding country (gāmo ca gāmupacāro ca Vin.I,109,110; III,46).In size varying,but usually small &#38; distinguished from nigama,a market-town.It is the smallest in the list of settlements making up a “state” (raṭṭhaṃ).See definition &#38; description at Vin.III,46,200.It is the source of support for the bhikkhus,and the phrase gāmaṃ piṇḍāya carati “to visit the parish for alms” is extremely frequent.-- 1.a village as such:Vin.I,46; Ārāmika°,Pilinda° Vin.I,28,29 (as Ārāmikagāmaka &#38; Pilinda-gāmaka at Vin.III,249); Sakyānaṃ gāme janapade Lumbineyye Sn.683; Uruvela° Pv.II,13<sup>18</sup>; gāmo nâtikālena pavisitabbo M.I,469; °ṃ raṭṭhañ ca bhuñjati Sn.619,711; gāme tiṃsa kulāni honti J.I,199; -- Sn.386,929,978; J.II,153; VI,366; Dh.47,49; Dhs.697 (suñño g.); PvA.73 (gāme amaccakula); 67 (gāmassa dvārasamīpena).-- gāmā gāmaṃ from hamlet to hamlet M.II,20; Sn.180 (with nagā nagaṃ; expl.SnA 216 as devagāmā devagāmaṃ),192 (with purā puraṃ); Pv.II,13<sup>18</sup>.In the same sense gāmena gāmaṃ Nd<sup>2</sup> 177 (with nigamena n°,nagarena n°.,raṭṭhena r°.,janapadena j°.).-- 2.grouped with nigama,a market-town:gāmanigamo sevitabbo or asevitabbo A.IV,365 sq.,cp.V.101 (w.janapadapadeso); -- Vin.III,25,184 (°ṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya); IV,93 (piṇḍāya pavisati); gāmassa vā nigamassa vā avidūre D.I,237; M.I,488; gāme vā nigame vā Pug.66.-- 3.as a geographical-political unit in the constitution of a kingdom,enum<sup>d</sup> in two sets:(a) gāma-nigamarājadhāniyo Vin.III,89; A.III,108; Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>III</SUP>; Pv.II,13<sup>18</sup>; DhA.I,90.-- (b) gāma-nigama-nagara-raṭṭha-janapada Nd<sup>2</sup> 177,304<SUP>III</SUP> (°bandhana),305 (°kathā); with the foll.variations:g.nigama nagara M.II,33--40; g.nigama janapada Sn.995; Vism.152; gāmāni nigamāni ca Sn.118 (expl<sup>d</sup> by SnA 178:ettha ca saddena nagarāni ti pi vattabbaṃ).-- See also dvāra°; paccanta°; bīja°; bhūta°; mātu°.<br><br> <i>--anta</i> the neighbourhood of a village,its border,the village itself,in °nāyaka leading to the village A.III,189; °vihārin (=āraññaka) living near a v.M.I,31,473; A.III,391 (w.nemantanika and gahapati-cīvara-dhara); -- Sn.710; <i>--antara</i> the (interior of the) village,only in t.t.gāmantaraṃ gacchati to go into the v.Vin.II,300, &#38; in °kappa the “village-trip-licence” (Vin.Texts III,398) ib.294,300; cp.IV.64,65; V,210; <i>--ûpacāra</i> the outskirts of a v.Vin.I,109,110; defined at Vin.III,46,200; <i>--kathā</i> village-talk,gossip about v.-affairs.Included in the list of foolish talks (+nigama°,nagara°,janapada°) D.I,7 (see expl<sup>n</sup> at DA.I,90); Sn.922.See kathā; <i>--kamma</i> that which is to be done to,or in a village,in °ṃ karoti to make a place habitable J.I,199; <i>--kūṭa</i> “the village-fraud,” a sycophant S.II,258; J.IV,177 (=kūṭavedin); <i>--goṇā</i> (pl.) the village cattle J.I,194; <i>--ghāta</i> those who sack villages,a marauder,dacoit (of corā thieves) D.I,135; S.II,188; <i>--ghātaka</i> (corā) =°ghāta S.IV,173; Miln.20; Vism.484; nt.village plundering J.I,200.<i>--jana</i> the people of the v.Miln.47; --ṭṭhāna in purāṇa° a ruined village J.II,102; <i>--dārakā</i> (pl.) the youngsters of the v.J.III,275; f.<i>--dārikā</i> the girls of the v.PvA.67; <i>--dvaya</i>,in °vāsika living in (these) two vs.PvA.77; <i>--dvāra</i> the v.gates,the entrance to the v.Vin.III,52; J.II,110,301; cp.PvA.67; --dhamma doings with women-folk (cp.mātugāma),vile conduct D.I,4≈(+methuna) A.I,211; J.II,180 (=vasaladhamma); VvA.11; DA.I,72 (=gāma-vāsīnaṃ dhamma?); <i>--poddava</i> (v.l.kāmapudava) a shampooer (? Vin.Texts III,66; Bdhgh explains:kāmapudavā ti chavi-rāga-maṇḍanânuyuttā nāgarikamanussā; gāmaṃ podavā ti pi pādho es’ev’attho,Vin.II,315) Vin.II,105; <i>--bhojaka</i> the village headman J.I,199; DhA.I,69; <i>--majjhe</i> in the midst of the v.J.I,199; VI,332; <i>--vara</i> an excellent v.S.I,97; J.I,138; <i>--vāsin</i> the inhabitant of a v.J.II,110; v.107; DA.I,72; <i>--saññā</i> the thought of a v.M.III,104; <i>--samīpe</i> near a v.J.I,254; <i>--sahassa</i> a thousand parishes (80,000 under the rule of King Bimbisāra) Vin.I,179; <i>--sāmanta</i> in the neighbourhood of a v.,near a v.D.I,101; (+mgama°) <i>--sīmā</i> the boundary of the parish Vin.I,110 (+nigama°); <i>--sūkara</i> a village pig J.III,393.(Page 249),4,1
  4560. 174607,en,15,gamaka,gāmaka,Gāmaka,Gāmaka,1.=gāma Vin.I,208; J.I,199 (Macala°),253; IV,431 (cora°); PvA.67 (Iṭṭhakāvatī and Dīgharājī); DhA.II,25 (dvāra°).-- 2.a villager J.V,107 (=gāmavāsin).<br><br> <i>--āvāsa</i> an abode in a village PvA.12; VvA.291.(Page 249),6,1
  4561. 174682,en,15,gamana,gamana,Gamana,Gamana,1.(nt.) the fact or the state of going,movement,journey,walk; (-°) striving for,the leading of,pursuit A.II,48 sq.(gamanena na pattabbo lokass’anto=one cannot walk to the end of the world); Dh.178 (saggassa going to heaven); Sn.40,691,cp.vāraṃ°; J.I,62; 216 (in expl.of vihaṅgama:(ākāse) gamanato pakkhī vihaṃ gamā ti vuccanti); 295; PvA.57.-- pahiṇa° going on messages D.I,5,etc.; agati° wrong pursuit,°ṃ gacchati to pursue a wrong walk of life A.II,18; PvA.161; magga° tramping,being on the road PvA.43; saraṇa° finding shelter (in the Dhamma) PvA.49.-2.(adj.) (-°) going or leading to,conducive to:nibbāna° maggo the Path leading to Nibbāna S.I,186; Dh.289; duggati° magga the road to misery Th.2,355; duggamana-ṭṭhānā (pl.) inaccessible places PvA.102 (in expl.of duggā).<br><br> <i>--antarāya</i> an obstacle to one’s departure J.I,62; <i>--āgamana</i> going &#38; coming,rise and set Vv 83<sup>6</sup> (=ogamanuggamana VvA.326); DhA.I,80 (°kāle); °sampanna senāsana a dwelling or lodging fit for going and coming,i.e.easily accessible A.V,15; J.I,85; °ṃ karoti to go to and fro VvA.139.<i>--kamma</i> going away DhA.II,81.<i>--kāraṇa</i> a reason for or a means to going,in °ṃ karoti to try to go J.I,2; <i>--bhāva</i> the state of having gone away J.II,133; <i>--magga</i> (pleonastic) the way J.I,202; 279; <i>--vaṇṇa</i> the praise of his course or journey J.I,87.(Page 245),6,1
  4562. 174935,en,15,gamandala,gāmaṇḍala,Gāmaṇḍala,Gāmaṇḍala,“the round of the ox,” like the oxen driven round &#38; round the threshing-floor Th.1,1143.-- Cp.gomaṇḍala (s.v.go).(Page 249),9,1
  4563. 174956,en,15,gamani,gāmaṇī,Gāmaṇī,Gāmaṇī,(m.) the head of a company,a chief,a village headman Vin.II,296 (Maṇicūḷaka).Title of the G.‹-› Saṃyutta (Book VIII,of the Saḷāyatana-Vagga) S.IV,305 sq.; &#38; of the G.-Jātaka J.I,136,137.--S.IV,306 (Talapuṭa naṭa°),308 (yodhājīvo g.),310 (hatthāroho g.),312 (Asibandhakaputta),330 (Rāsiya).(Page 249),6,1
  4564. 174973,en,15,gamanika,gāmaṇika,Gāmaṇika,Gāmaṇika,=gāmaṇi S.I,61; A.III,76 (pūga°).(Page 249),8,1
  4565. 174995,en,15,gamaniya,gamanīya,Gamanīya,Gamanīya,(adj.; grd to <em>gam</em>) 1.as grd.to gacchati:(a place where one) ought to go; in a° not to be gone to (+ṭhāna) VvA.72.-- 2.as grd.to gameti:in bhogā pahāya gamanīyā (riches that have) to be given up (by leaving) Kh VIII,8 (see expl.as KhA 223); PvA.87 (=kālikā,transient).(Page 245),8,1
  4566. 175375,en,15,gambhira,gambhīra,Gambhīra,Gambhīra,(adj.) [Vedic gambhīra &#38; gabhīra] deep,profound,unfathomable,well founded,hard to perceive,difficult.-- (a) lit.of lakes:Dh.83; Pv.II,1<sup>19</sup> (=agādha); Pug.46; of a road (full of swamps) J.I,196.-- (b) fig.of knowledge &#38; wisdom:dhammo g.duddaso ...M.I,487; S.I,136; Tathāgato g.appameyyo duppariyogāho M.I,487; parisā g.(opp.uttāna,shallow,superficial,thoughtless) A.I,70; g.ṭhāna w.ref.jhāna,etc.Ps.II,21; saddhamma g.Sdhp.530; g.gūḷha nipuṇa Nd 342; lokanātho nipuṇo g.PvA.1; also w.nipuṇa J.VI,355; Miln.234; Bdhd.118,137; -- (nt.) the deep; deep ground,i.e.secure foundation Sn.173; Kh VIII,1,3 (see KhA 217).<br><br> <i>--avabhāsa</i> (adj.) having the appearance of depth or profundity,D.II,55; S.II,36; Pug.46 (+uttāna),cp.Pug.A 226; <i>--pañña</i> one whose wisdom is profound Sn.176,230; 627=Dh.403 (+medhāvin) cp.DhA.IV,169 &#38; see Ps.II,192 for detailed explanation; <i>--sita</i> resting on depth (of soil),well-founded A.IV,237.(Page 245),8,1
  4567. 175489,en,15,gambhirata,gambhīratā,Gambhīratā,Gambhīratā,(f.) [abstr.fr.prec.] depth DhA.I,92.(Page 245),10,1
  4568. 175585,en,15,gameti,gameti,Gameti,Gameti,[caus.of gacchati] to make go,to send,to set into motion,to cause to go It.115 (anabhāvaṃ to destroy),see under gacchati.(Page 245),6,1
  4569. 175608,en,15,gameyya,gāmeyya,Gāmeyya,Gāmeyya,(adj.) belonging to a village in <i>sa°</i> of the same v.,a clansman S.I,36=60 (+sakhā).(Page 249),7,1
  4570. 175648,en,15,gamika,gamika,Gamika,Gamika,(and <i>gamiya</i> J.I,87) (adj.) going away,setting out for a journey (opp.āgantuka coming back) appl.to bhikkhus only:Vin.I,292 (° bhatta food for outgoing bh.); II,170 (āgantuka°),211,265; V,196; J.VI,333 (āgantuka°).See also under abhisaṅkhāra.Cp.Av Ś I.87; Divy 50.(Page 245),6,1
  4571. 175661,en,15,gamika,gāmika,Gāmika,Gāmika,1.[to gāma] a governor of a village,overseer of a parish Vin.I,179; A.III,76,78,300 (in series w.raṭṭhika pettanika,senāpatika,pūgagamaṇika).-- 2.[to <em>gam</em>] adj.going wandering,travelling (-°) J.II,112.(Page 249),6,1
  4572. 175715,en,15,gamina,gamina,Gamina,Gamina,(adj.) being on a “gati,” only at Sn.587 in “aññe pi passe gamine yathākamm’û page nare.” (Page 245),6,1
  4573. 175828,en,15,gamma,gamma,Gamma,Gamma,(adj.) [fr.gāma.Vedic gramya] of or belonging to the village,common,pagan (cp.Fr.villain),always comb<sup>d</sup> with hīna,low &#38; pagan Vin.I,10 and ≈ (anta,standard of life); A.III,325 (dassana,view); D.III,130 (sukhallikânuyoga,hedonist) Sdhp.254.Cp.pothujjanika.(Page 245),5,1
  4574. 175905,en,15,gana,gaṇa,Gaṇa,Gaṇa,[Vedic gaṇa; <i>*ger</i> to comprise,hold,or come together,cp.Gr.a]gεiρw to collect,a)gorά meeting,Lat.grex,flock,Sk.jarante “conveniunt” (see Wackernagel,Altind.Gr.I.193).Another form of this root is <em>grem</em> in Sk.grāma,Lat.gremium; see under gāma]--1.(a) in special sense:a meeting or a chapter of (two or three) bhikkhus,a company (opposed both to saṅgha,the order &#38; puggala,the individual) Vin.I,58,74,195,197; II,170,171; IV,130,216,226,231,283,310,316,317; V,123,167.-- (b) in general:a crowd,a multitude,a great many.See cpds.-- 2.as --°:a collection of,viz.,of gods,men,animals or things; a multitude,mass; flock,herd; host,group,cluster.-- (a) deva° J.I,203; DhA.III,441; PvA.140 (°parivuta); pisāca° S.I,33; tidasa° Sn.679.-- (b) amacca° suite of ministers J.I,264; ariya° troup of worthies J.VI,50; naranarī° crowds of men &#38; women Miln.2; dāsi° a crowd of servants J.II,127; tāpasa° a group of ascetics J.I,140 (°parivuta); bhikkhu° J.I,212 (°parivuta).-- (c) dvija° J.I,152; dija° Pv.II,12<sup>4</sup>; sakuṇa°,of birds J.I,207; II,352; go°,of cows A.I,229; V,347,359; J.II,128; kākola°,of ravens Sn.675; bhamarā°,of bees J.I,52; miga° of beasts J.I,150.-- (d) taru° a cluster of trees PvA.154; tāra°,a host of stars A.I,215; Pv.II,9<sup>67</sup>; with ref.to the books of the Canon:Suttantika° &#38; Ābhidhammika° Vism.93.<br><br> <i>--âcariya</i> “a teacher of a crowd,” i.e.a t.who has (many) followers.Always in phrase saṅghī ca gaṇī ca ganācariyo ca,and always with ref.either to Gotama:D.I,116; M.II,3; or to the 6 chief sectarian leaders,as Pūraṇa Kassapa,etc.:D.I,47,163; S.I,68; IV,398; M.I,198,227,233; II,2; Sn.p.91; cp.DA.I,143.In general:Miln.4.<i>--ārāma</i> (adj.) &#38; <i>--ārāmatā</i> in phrase gaṇārāmo gaṇarato gaṇārāmataṃ anuyutto:a lover of the crowd A.III,422 sq.; M.III,110=Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.54.<i>--gaṇin</i> the leader of many,Ep.of Bhagavā Nd<sup>2</sup> 307.<i>--(ṃ)gaṇupāhanā</i> (pl.) shoes with many linings Vin.I,185,187; cp.Vin.Texts II.14.See also Bdhgh.on aṭaliyo (q.v.under aṭala).<i>--pūraka</i> (adj.) one who completes the quorum (of a bhikkhus chapter) Vin.I,143 sq.; <i>--bandhana</i> in °ena dānaṃ datvā to give by co-operation,to give jointly DhA.II,160; <i>--bhojana</i> food prepared as a joint meal Vin.II,196; IV,71; V,128,135,205; <i>--magga</i> in °ena gaṇetuṃ to count by way of batches Vin.I,117; <i>--vassika</i> (adj.) through a great many years Sn.279; <i>--saṅganika</i> (adj.) coming into contact with one another DhA.I,162.(Page 240),4,1
  4575. 176008,en,15,ganaka,gaṇaka,Gaṇaka,Gaṇaka,[fr.<em>gaṇ</em>,to comprise in the sense of to count up] a counter,one skilled in counting familiar with arithmetic; an accountant,overseer or calculator.Enum<sup>d</sup> as an occupation together with muddika at D.I,51 (expl.DA.I,157 by acchidda-pāṭhaka); also with muddika and saṅkhāyika S.IV,376; as an office at the king’s court (together with amaccā as gaṇaka-mahāmatta=a ministerial treasurer) D.III,64,and in same context D.III,148,153,169,171,177; as overseer Vin.III,43; as accountant Miln.79,293; VvA.66.(Page 241),6,1
  4576. 176029,en,15,ganaki,gaṇakī,Gaṇakī,Gaṇakī,(f.)=gaṇikā Vin.III,135--136,in purāṇa° a woman who was formerly a courtesan, &#38; as adj.gaṇakī-dhītā the daughter of a courtesan.(Page 241),6,1
  4577. 176048,en,15,ganana,gaṇanā,Gaṇanā,Gaṇanā,(f.) counting,i.e.1.counting up,arithmetic,number J.I,29; Vism.278 sq.; Miln.79; VvA.194.‹-› 2.counting,census,statistics; Tikap.94; J.I,35; Miln.4 (senā °ṃ kāretvā); DhA.I,11,34.-- 3.the art of counting,arithmetics as a study &#38; a profession,forbidden to the bhikkhus Vin.I,77=IV.129 (°ṃ sikkhati to study ar.); D.I,11 (expl.DA.I,95 by acchiddaka-gaṇanā); M.I,85; III,1 (°ājīva); DA.I,157.<i>--gaṇana-patha</i> (time-) reckoning,period of time Miln.20,116.(Page 241),6,1
  4578. 176367,en,15,ganda,gaṇḍa,Gaṇḍa,Gaṇḍa,[a variation of gaṇṭha (-i),in both meanings of (1) swelling,knot,protuberance,and (2) the interstice between two knots or the whole of the knotty object,i.e.stem,stalk]--1.a swelling,esp.as a disease,an abscess,a boil.Freq.in similes with ref.to kāma and kāya.Mentioned with similar cutaneous diseases under kilāsa (q.v.for loci).As Ep.of kāya S.IV,83=A.IV,386,of kāmā A.III,310,IV.289; Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.51; also Th.2,491 (=dukkhatā sūlaya ThA.288); S.IV,64 (=ejā); Sn.51,61 (v.l.for gaḷa); J.I,293; Vism.360 (°pilakā); DhA.III,297 (gaṇḍ-ā-gaṇḍajāta,covered with all kinds of boils); IV,175; PvA.55.Cp.Av.S.II,168<sup>1</sup>.-- 2.a stalk,a shaft,in N.of a plant --°tindu-rukkha J.V,99,and in der.gaṇḍikā &#38; gaṇḍī,cp.also Av.S.II,133<sup>12</sup>.‹-› 3.=gaṇḍuppāda in cpd.gaṇḍamattikā clay mixed with earth-worms Vin.II,151 (cp.Bdhgh.gaṇḍuppādagūtha-mattikā clay mixed with excrement of earthworms Vin.Texts III,172).<br><br> <i>--uppāda</i> (lit.producing upheavals,cp.a mole) an earth-worm,classed as a very low creature with kīṭā &#38; puḷavā at M.III,168; J.V,210 (°pāṇa); DhA.III,361 (°yoni); SnA 317.(Page 241),5,1
  4579. 176393,en,15,gandaka,gaṇḍaka,Gaṇḍaka,Gaṇḍaka,(adj.) having boils Sdhp.103.(Page 241),7,1
  4580. 176408,en,15,gandamba,gaṇḍamba,Gaṇḍamba,Gaṇḍamba,N.of the tree,under which Gotama Buddha performed the double miracle; with ref.to this freq.in phrase <i>gaṇḍamba-rukkha-mūle</i> yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā J.I,77; IV,263 sq.; DA.I,57; PvA.137; Miln.349; Dāvs.V,54.Also at DhA.III,207 in play of words with amba-rukkha.(Page 241),8,1
  4581. 176452,en,15,gandha,gandha,Gandha,Gandha,[Vedic gandha,from <em>ghrā</em> ghrāti to smell,ghrāna smell, &#38; see P.ghāna.Possibly conn.w.Lat.fragro= E.fragrant] smell,viz.-1.odour,smell,scent in Gen.J.III,189; Dh.54--56=Miln.333; Dhs.605 under ghānâyatanāni); āma° smell of raw flesh A.I,280; D.II,242; Sn.241 sq; maccha° the scent of fish J.III,52; muttakarīsa° the smell of fæces and urine A.III,158; catujāti° four kinds of scent J.I,265; PvA.127; dibba-g°puppha a flower of heavenly odour J.I,289.-- 2.odour,smell in particular:enumerated as mūla°,sāra°,puppha°,etc.,S.III,156=V.44=A.V,22; Dhs.625 (under ghandāyatanāni,sphere of odours).Specified as māla°,sāra°,puppha° under tīṇi gandhajātāni A.I,225; -- puppha° Dh.54=A.I,226.-- 3.smell as olfactory sensation,belonging to the sphere (āyatanāni) of sense-impressions and sensory objects &#38; enum.in set of the 12 ajjhatta-bāhirāni āyatanāni (see under rūpa) with ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā “sensing smell by means of the olfactory organ” D.III,102; 244=250= 269=Nd<sup>2</sup> on rūpa; M.III,55,267; S.IV,71; Vin.I,35; Defined at Vism.447.Also as gandhā ghānaviññeyya under kāmaguṇā M.II,42; D.III,234,etc.In series of 10 attributes of physical quality (-rūpa,etc.) as characteristic of devas D.III,146; Pv.II,9<sup>58</sup>; as sāra°,pheggu°,taca°,etc.(nine qualities in all) in definition of Gandhabba-kāyikā devā S.III,250 sq.-- In the same sense &#38; similar connections:vaṇṇa-g°-ras’ûpeto Dh.49; J.II,106; gandhānaṃ khamo &#38; akkhamo (of king’s elephant) A.III,158 sq.; itthi°,purisa° A.I,1,2; III,68; in comb<sup>n</sup> w.other four senses Sn.387,759,974.‹-› 4.perfume,prepared odorific substance used as a toilet requisite,either in form of an unguent or a powder.Abstinence from the use of kallæsthetics is stated in the Sīlas (D.I,8) as characteristic of certain Wanderers and Brahmins.Here gandha is mentioned together with mālā (flowers,garlands):D.I,5=Kh II; D.I,7 (°kathā); Vin.II,123; Sn.401; J.I,50,291; PvA.62.The use of scented ointment (-vilepana &#38; ālepa,see cpds.) is allowed to the Buddhist bhikkhus (Vin.I,206); and the giving of this,together with other commodities,is included in the second part of the deyyadhamma (the list of meritorious gifts to the Saṅgha),under Nos.5--14 (anna-pāna-vattha-yānamālā-gandhā-vilepana-seyy-âvasatha-padīpeyya):S.III,252; Nd<sup>2</sup> 523=It.65.Out of this enumeration:g°-m°-v°-Pv.II,3<sup>16</sup>; chatta-g°-m°-upāhanā Pv.II,4<sup>9</sup>; II,9<sup>36</sup>; m°-g°-v° kappūra-kaṭukapphalāni J.II,416.‹-› The application of scented ointment (gandhena or gandhehi vilimpati) is customary after a bath,e.g.PvA.50 (on Pv.I,10<sup>6</sup>); J.I,254,265; III,277.Var.kinds of perfumes or scented substances are given as g°dhūpa-cuṇṇa-kappūra (incense,powder,camphor) J.I,290; vāsa-cuṇṇa-dhūpanādi g° KhA 37.See also cpds.-- 5.occurs as v.l.for <i>gantha</i> (book).<br><br> <i>duggandha</i> a disagreeable smell Dhs.625; °ṃ vāyati to emit a nasty odour PvA.14; as adj.having a bad smell,putrid Sn.205; PvA.15 (=pūtigandha),f.--ā:duggandhā pūti vāyasi “you emit a bad odour”) Pv.I,6<sup>1</sup> (=aniṭṭha°).<i>--sugandha</i> an agreeable smell Dhs.625; as adj.of pleasant smell J.III,277; Sdhp.246.<br><br> <i>--āpaṇa</i> a perfumery shop J.I,290; °ika perfume seller Miln.344; <i>--āyatana</i> an olfactory sense-relation,belonging to the six bāhirāni āyatanāni,the objective sensations D.III,243,290; Dhs.585,625,655; <i>--ārammaṇa</i> bearing on smell,having smell as its object Dhs.147,157,365,410,556,608; <i>--ālepa</i> (nt.) anointing with perfumes Vin.I,206; <i>--āsā</i> “hunger for odours,” craving for olfactory sensations Dhs.1059; <i>--odaka</i> scented water J.I,50; II,106; III,189; <i>--karaṇḍaka</i> a perfume-box S.III,131; V,351; Pug.34; <i>--kuṭī</i> (f.) a perfumed cabin,name of a room or hut occupied by the Buddha,esp.that made for him by Anāthapiṇḍika in Jetavana (J.I,92).Gotamassa g° J.II,416,cp.Av.Ś II.40<sup>1</sup>; DhA.IV,203,206; <i>--cuṇṇa</i> scented (bath-) powder J.III,277; <i>--jāta</i> (nt.) odour,perfume (“consisting of smell”).Three kinds at A.I,225 (māla°,sāra°,puppha°); enum.as candanādi DhA.I,423; in defin.of gandha DA.I,77; -- Dh.55; <i>--taṇhā</i> thirst or craving for odours (cp.g°-āsā) Dhs.1059=Nd<sup>2</sup> on jappā; <i>--tela</i> scented oil (for a lamp) J.I,61; II,104; DhA.I,205; <i>--tthena</i> a perfume-thief S.I,204; <i>--dhātu</i> the (sensory) element of smell Dhs.585; 625.707 (in conn.w.°āyatana); <i>--pañcaṅgulika</i> see sep.; <i>--sañcetanā</i> the olfactory sensation; together with <i>°saññā</i> perception of odours D.III,244; A.IV,147; V,359; <i>--sannidhi</i> the storing up of scented unguents D.I,6 (=DA.I,82).(Page 244),6,1
  4582. 176470,en,15,gandhabba,gandhabba,Gandhabba,Gandhabba,[Vedic gandharva] 1.a musician,a singer J.II,249 sq.; III,188; VvA.36,137.-- 2.a Gandharva or heavenly musician,as a class (see °kāyika) belonging to the demigods who inhabit the Cātummahārājika realm D.II,212; A.II,39 (as birds); IV,200 (with asurā &#38; nāgā),204,207; cp.S.III,250 sq.; also said to preside over child-conception:M.I,265 sq.; Miln.123 sq.<br><br> <i>--kāyika</i> belonging to the company of the G.S.III,250 sq.; PvA.119; <i>--mānusā</i> (pl.) G. &#38; men Dh.420= Sn.644; <i>--hatthaka</i> “a G.-hand,” i.e.a wooden instrument in the shape of a bird’s claw with which the body was rubbed in bathing Vin.II,106,see Vin.Texts III,67.(Page 244),9,1
  4583. 176477,en,15,gandhabba,gandhabbā,Gandhabbā,Gandhabbā,(f.) music,song J.II,254; VvA.139; Miln.3; °ṃ karoti to make music J.II,249; III,188.(Page 244),9,1
  4584. 176804,en,15,gandhana,gandhana,Gandhana,Gandhana,see gandhina.(Page 244),8,1
  4585. 176883,en,15,gandhara,gandhāra,Gandhāra,Gandhāra,(adj.) belonging to the Gandhāra country (Kandahar) f.gandhārī in gandhārī vijjā N.of a magical charm D.I,213; at J.IV,498 it renders one invisible.(Page 244),8,1
  4586. 177104,en,15,gandhika,gandhika,Gandhika,Gandhika,(and °uja Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup>; II,12<sup>1</sup>)--1.having perfume,fragrant,scentful,J.I,266 (su°); Pv.II,1<SUP>Q0</SUP> (=surabhigandha); II,12<sup>1</sup> (sogandhiya); VvA.58 (read gandhikāgandhikehi).-2.dealing in perfume,a perfumer Miln.262 (cp.gandhin 2).(Page 244),8,1
  4587. 177114,en,15,gandhin,gandhin,Gandhin,Gandhin,(adj.) 1.having a scent of,smelling of (-°),i.e.candana° of sandal wood J.III,190; gūtha of° fæces Pv.II,3<sup>15</sup> (=karīsavāyinī PvA).-- 2.dealing with scents,a perfumer PvA.127 (=māgadha; cp.gandhika 2).(Page 244),7,1
  4588. 177115,en,15,gandhina,gandhina,Gandhina,Gandhina,in kule antimagandhina J.IV,34 (expl.by sabbapacchimaka) and gandhana in kula-gandhana It.64 see under kula°.(Page 244),8,1
  4589. 177166,en,15,gandi,gaṇḍī,Gaṇḍī,Gaṇḍī,(f.) [=gaṇḍikā in meaning 1; prob.=Sk.ghaṇṭā in meaning 2]--1.a shaft or stalk,used as a bar J.I,237.--2.a gong DhA.I,291 (gaṇḍiṃ paharati to beat the g.); II,54,244; gaṇḍiṃ ākoṭetvā KhA 251.Cp.AvS.I,258,264,272; II,87,95 &#38; Divy 335,336.Also in gaṇḍisaññā “sign with the gong” J.IV,306.-- 3.the executioner’s block (=gaṇḍikā or gaṇṭhikā) J.III,41.(Page 241),5,1
  4590. 177180,en,15,gandika,gaṇḍikā,Gaṇḍikā,Gaṇḍikā,(f.) [a-n.formation from gaṇḍa or gaṇṭha,see also gaṇṭhikā]--1.a stalk,a shaft (cp.gaṇḍī) J.I,474; DhsA.319 (of the branches of trees:g°-ākoṭana-sadda).-- 2.a lump,a block of wood (more freq.spelling gaṇṭhikā,q.v.).-- 3.N.of a plant Vv 35<sup>4</sup> (=bandhujīvaka VvA.161).<br><br> <i>--âdhāna</i> the putting on of a shaft or stem,as a bolt or bar Vin.II,172; cp.Vin.Texts III,213 and gaṇḍī; also ghaṭikā<sup>2</sup>.(Page 241),7,1
  4591. 177189,en,15,gandin,gaṇḍin,Gaṇḍin,Gaṇḍin,[adj.fr.gaṇḍa]--1.having swellings,in ure gaṇḍī (f.) with swellings on the chest,i.e.breasts J.V,159,202 (thane sandhāyâha 205).-- 2.having boils,being afflicted with a glandular disease (with kuṭṭhin &#38; kilāsin) Kvu 31.(Page 241),6,1
  4592. 177232,en,15,gandusa,gaṇḍusa,Gaṇḍusa,Gaṇḍusa,[cp.Sk.gaṇḍūṣa] a mouthful J.I,249 (khīra°).(Page 241),7,1
  4593. 177267,en,15,ganeti,gaṇeti,Gaṇeti,Gaṇeti,[denom.to gaṇa Dhtp 574:saṅkhyāne] 1.to count,to reckon,to do sums Dh.19; J.VI,334; Miln.79,293; pp.<i>gaṇita</i> Sn.677; pass.gaṇīyati Sdhp.434; inf.(vedic) <i>gaṇetuye</i> Bw.IV.28; caus.<i>gaṇāpeti</i> M.III,1.-- 2.to regard,to take notice of,to consider,to care for J.I,300; IV,267.(Page 241),6,1
  4594. 177557,en,15,ganhati,gaṇhati,Gaṇhati,Gaṇhati, &#38; Gaṇhāti [Vedic grah (grabh),gṛhṇāti pp.gṛhīta to grasp.<i>*</i><em>gher</em> to hold,hold in,contain; cp.Gr.xόrtos enclosure,Lat.hortus,co-hors (homestead); Goth.gards (house); Ohg.gart; E.yard &#38; garden.To this belong Vedic gṛha (house) in P.gaha°,gihin,geha,ghara, &#38; also Vedic harati to seize,hasta hand].The forms of the verb are from three bases,viz.(1) <i>gaṇha-</i> (Sk.gṛhṇā-); Pres.:ind.gaṇhāti (gaṇhāsi PvA.87),pot.gaṇheyya,imper.gaṇha (J.I,159; PvA.49= handa) &#38; gaṇhāhi (J.I,279).Fut.gaṇhissati; Aor.gaṇhi.Inf.gaṇhituṃ (J.III,281).Ger.gaṇhitvā.Caus.ganhāpeti &#38; gāhāpeti.-- 2.<i>gahe-</i> (Sk.gṛhī-):Fut.gahessati.Aor.aggahesi (Sn.847; J.I,52).Inf.gahetuṃ (J.I,190,222).Ger.gahetvā &#38; gahetvāna (poet.) (Sn.309; Pv.II,3).-- 3.<i>gah-</i> (Sk.gṛh-):Aor.aggahi.Ger.gayha &#38; gahāya (Sn.791).Pass.gayhati.pp.gahita &#38; gahīta.Cp.gaha,gahaṇa,gāha.<br><br> Meanings:to take,take up; take hold of; grasp,seize; assume; e.g.ovādaṃ g.to take advice J.I,159; khaggaṃ to seize the sword J.I,254--255; gocaraṃ to take food J.III,275; jane to seize people J.I,253; dhanaṃ to grasp the treasure J.I,255; nagaraṃ to occupy the city J.I,202; pāde gāḷhaṃ gahetvā holding her feet tight J.I,255; macche to catch fish J.III,52; mantaṃ to use a charm J.III,280; rajjaṃ to seize the kingdom J.I,263; II,102; sākhaṃ to take hold of a branch Sn.791; J.I,52.Very often as a phrase to be translated by a single word,as:nāmato g.to enumerate PvA.18; paṭisandhiṃ g.to be born J.I,149; maraṇaṃ g.to die J.I,151; mūlena g.to buy J.III,126; vacanaṃ g.to obey J.III,276 (in neg.).The ger.<i>gahetvā</i> is very often simply to be translated as “with,” e.g.tidaṇḍaṃ gahetvā caranto J.II,317; satta bhikkhū gahetvā agamāsi VvA.149.<br><br> Caus.gaṇhāpeti to cause to be seized,to procure,to have taken:phalāni J.II,105; rājānaṃ J.I,264.Cp.gāhāpeti.(Page 242),7,1
  4595. 177675,en,15,ganika,gaṇikā,Gaṇikā,Gaṇikā,<sup>2</sup> (f.)=gaṇanā,arithmetic Miln.3.(Page 241),6,1
  4596. 177676,en,15,ganika,gaṇikā,Gaṇikā,Gaṇikā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) “one who belongs to the crowd,” a harlot,a courtesan (cp.gaṇakī) Vin.I,231 (Ambapālī) 268,(do.); II,277 (Aḍḍhakāsī); Ud.71; Miln.122; DhA.III,104; VvA.75 (Sirimā); PvA.195,199.-- Customs of a gaṇikā J.IV,249; V,134.-- Cp.saṃ°.(Page 241),6,1
  4597. 177697,en,15,ganin,gaṇin,Gaṇin,Gaṇin,<sup>2</sup> a large species of deer J.V,406 (=gokaṇṇa).(Page 241),5,1
  4598. 177698,en,15,ganin,gaṇin,Gaṇin,Gaṇin,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) one who has a host of followers,Ep.of a teacher who has a large attendance of disciples; usually in standing comb<sup>n</sup> saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo (see above).Also in foll.:Sn.955,957; Dpvs.IV,8 (mahāgaṇī),14 (therā gaṇī); gaṇī-bhūtā (pl.) in crowds,comb<sup>d</sup> with saṅghā saṅghī D.I,112,expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,280:pubbe nagarassa anto agaṇā bahi nikkhamitvā gaṇa-sainpannā ti.See also paccekagaṇin.(Page 241),5,1
  4599. 177773,en,15,gantar,gantar,Gantar,Gantar,[n.agent of gacchati in the sense of a periphrastic future] “goer” in gantā hoti he will go,he is in the habit of going,comb<sup>d</sup> w.sotā hantā khantā,of the king’s elephant A.II,116=III,161; v.l.for gatā at M.II,155.(Page 243),6,1
  4600. 177788,en,15,gantha,gantha,Gantha,Gantha,(in BB often misspelt gandha) [fr.ganthati]--1.a bond,fetter,trammel; always fig.and usually referring to and enum<sup>d</sup> as the four bodily ties,or knots (kāya°,see under kāya):S.V,59=Dhs.1135; D.III,230; Nd<sup>1</sup> 98; DhA.III,276; 4 <i>kāyaganthā</i>,viz.,abhijjhā,byāpāda,sīlabbataparāmasa,idaṃsaccâbhinivesa; thus Nd<sup>1</sup> 98; Vism.683.In other conn.Sn.347,798,847,857,912; Nd<sup>2</sup> on jappā (taṇhā); Dh.211; Ps.I,129; Dhs.1059,1472; Vbh.18,24,55,65,77,117,120; Nett 31,54,114,124 (gandha); Sdhp.616.-- chinna° (adj.) one who has cut the ties (of bad desires,binding him to the body).Comb<sup>n</sup> w.anigha nirāsa S.I,12 (°gandha),23; w.asita anāsava Sn.219.Cp.pahīnamānassa na santi ganthā S.I,14.See also ādāna°; cp.ganthaniya.-- 2.[only in late Pali,and in Sk.] composition,text,book (not with ref.to books as tied together,but to books as composed,put together.See gantheti 2).<br><br> <i>--dhura</i> the burden of the books,i.e.of studying the Scriptures,expl<sup>d</sup> as one who knows by heart one,two,or all Nikāyas.Always comb<sup>d</sup> w.vipassanādhuraṃ,the burden of contemplation DhA.I,8; IV,37; <i>--pamocana</i> the state of being released from,freed from the fetters of the “body” always w.ref.to Nibbāna S.I,210; A.II,24; It.104,cp.122; <i>--pahīna</i> (adj.) connected with or referring to the ganthas Dhs.1480; opp.vi° Dhs.1482.(Page 243),6,1
  4601. 177919,en,15,ganthati,ganthati,Ganthati,Ganthati, &#38; Gantheti [Vedic grath,granth,grathnāti,to <i>*</i><em>grem</em>,cp.Lat.gremium; see also gaṇṭhi gathita,gantha] 1.to tie,knot,bind,fasten together:kathaṃ mittāni <i>ganthati</i> “how does he bind friends” S.I,214= Sn.185; mālaṃ ganthamāna tying a garland Vv 38<sup>1</sup> (ganthento VvA.173).Of medicines:to mix,to prepare J.IV,361.-- pp.<i>ganthita</i> tied,bound,fettered:catūhi <i>ganthehi</i> g° Ps.I,129; -- grd.<i>ganthaniya</i> to be tied or tending to act as a tie (of “body”); expl.as ārammaṇa-karaṇa-vasena ganthehi ganthitabba DhsA.69; dhammā g° ā (“states that tend to be are liable to be ties” Buddh.Ps.p.305; Expositor 64) Dhs.1141; 1478.In comb<sup>n</sup> saññojaniya g° oghaniya (of rūpa) Dhs.584=Vbh.12; of rūpa-kkhandha Vbh.65,of dasāyatanā ib.77,dasindriyā ib.I.29,saccā g° and ag° (=gantha-sampayutta &#38; vippayuttā) ib.117.-- 2.to put together,to compose:mante ganthetvā (v.l.<i>gandhitvā</i>) Sn.302,306.(Page 243),8,1
  4602. 178000,en,15,ganthi,gaṇṭhi,Gaṇṭhi,Gaṇṭhi,(m.) [Vedic granthi,to <em>grem</em> to comprise,hold together,cp.Lat.gremium,Sk.gaṇa &#38; grāma,see also gantha] 1.a knot,a tie,a knot or joint in a stalk (of a plant) J.I,172; DA.I,163; DhA.I,321 (°jātaṃ what has be come knotty or hard); --diṭṭhi-gaṇṭhi the tangle of false doctrine VvA.297; anta-gaṇṭh-ābādha entanglement of intestines Vin.I,275.-- 2.a (wooden) block Vin.II,110 (of sandal wood).<br><br> <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> (for gaṇṭhikaṭṭhāna?) the place of the block (i.e.of execution) J.III,538; (reads gaṇṭhi-gaṇṭi-ṭṭhāna); Vism.248.-- <i>bhedaka</i>,in <i>°cora</i> “the thief who breaks the block” (or rope,knot?) DhA.II,30.(Page 241),6,1
  4603. 178022,en,15,ganthika,gaṇṭhikā,Gaṇṭhikā,Gaṇṭhikā,(f.) (freq.spelled gaṇḍikā,q.v.)=gaṇṭhi,viz.1.a knot,a tie DA.I,199 (catu-pañca-gaṇṭhik’āhata patta a bowl with 4 or 5 knots,similarly āṇi-gaṇṭhik’‹-› āhata ayopatta Vism.108; but see āṇi); DhA.I,335 (°jāta=gaṇṭhijāta knotty part),394.-- 2.a block (or is it knot?) Vin.II,136 (?+pāsaka; cp.Vin.Texts III,144); V,140.Esp.in phrase gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā Vin.I,46= II.213,215,trsl<sup>d</sup> at Vin.Texts III,286 “fasten the block on (to the robe)” but at I.155 “tie the knots.” Also in dhamma-gaṇṭhikā a block for execution J.I,150 (v.l.gaṇḍikā).-- 3.N.of a plant PvA.127.-- ucchugaṇṭhikā sugar cane:see ucchu.<br><br> <i>--kāsāva</i> a yellow robe which was to be tied (or which had a block?) J.IV,446.(Page 241),8,1
  4604. 178027,en,15,ganthika,ganthika,Ganthika,Ganthika,(adj.) [fr.gantha 2] hard-studying DhA.I,156 (bhikkhu; cp.gantha-dhura).(Page 244),8,1
  4605. 178200,en,15,garaha,garahā,Garahā,Garahā,(f.) blame,reproach D.I,135 “stating an example,” see DA.I,296; D.III,92,93; Sn.141; J.I,10 (garahapaṭicchādanabhāva preventing all occasion for finding fault); 132 (garaha-bhaya-bhīta for fear of blame),135 (garahatthe as a blame); Nett 184.(Page 246),6,1
  4606. 178231,en,15,garahaka,garahaka,Garahaka,Garahaka,(adj.) finding fault with,rebuking; in paṭhavī° āpa°,etc.,comb<sup>d</sup> w.paṭhavī-jigucchaka,etc.(disgusted w.the great elements) M.I,327.(Page 246),8,1
  4607. 178253,en,15,garahana,garahaṇa,Garahaṇa,Garahaṇa,(nt.) reproof VvA.16,as f.<i>°ṇā</i> at Vism.29.(Page 246),8,1
  4608. 178306,en,15,garahati,garahati,Garahati,Garahati,[Vedic garhati Dhtp 340 nindāyaṃ] to reproach,to blame,scold,censure,find fault with:agarahiyam mā garahittha “do not blame the blameless” S.I,240; D.I,161 (tapaṃ to reject,disapprove of); D.III,92,93 (aor.garahi,grd.garahitabba); Sn.313,665; Miln.222 (+jigucchanti); PvA.125,126; Sdhp.382.-- pp.<i>garahita</i> blameworthy Dh.30 (pamādo); Sn.313; J.V,453; Miln.288 (dasa puggalā g.).agarahita blameless,faultless PvA.89 (=anindita,131).-- See also gārayha &#38; cp.vi°.(Page 246),8,1
  4609. 178339,en,15,garahin,garahin,Garahin,Garahin,(adj.) blaming,censuring Sn.660 (ariya°),778 (atta°),913 (anatta°); Miln.380 (pāpa°).(Page 246),7,1
  4610. 178414,en,15,garava,gārava,Gārava,Gārava,(m.and [later] nt.) [cp.Sk.gaurava,fr.garu] reverence,respect,esteem; with Loc.respect for,reverence towards; in the set of six venerable objects:Buddhe [Satthari],Dhamme,Saṅghe,sikkhāya,appamāde,paṭisanthāre Vin.V,92=D.III,244.As 7 gāravā (the 6+samānhi) in adj.<i>a°</i> and <i>sa°</i> at A.IV,84 (see below).D.III,284; Sn.265; Vism.464 (atta° &#38; para°).Expl<sup>d</sup> KhA 144 by garubhāvo; often in comb<sup>n</sup> with bahumāna PvA.135 (=pūjā),sañjāta-g°-bahumāna (adj.) PvA.50; VvA.205.Instr.<i>gāravena</i> out of respect,respectfully D.II,155; J.I,465.Appl<sup>d</sup> to the terms of address bhante &#38; bhaddante PvA.33,121, &#38; āyasmā (see cpd.°adhivacana).-- <i>agārava</i> (m.nt.) disrespect Vin.V,92 (six:as above); J.I,217; PvA.54.-- As adj.in <i>sagārava</i> and <i>agārava</i> full of reverence toward (with Loc.) &#38; disrespectful; D.III,244 (six g.); A.IV,84 (seven); M.I,469; comb<sup>d</sup> with appatissa &#38; sappatissa (obedient) A.III,7 sq.,14 sq.,247,340.Also in <i>tibba-gārava</i> full of keen respect (Satthu-garu Dhamma-garu Saṅghe ca tibba-gārava,etc.) A.III,331=IV.28 sq.<br><br> <i>--âdhivacana</i> a title of respect,a reverential address Nd<sup>2</sup> 466 (with ref.to Bhagavā),cp.sagārava sappaṭissâdhivacana Nd<sup>2</sup> 130 (āyasmā).(Page 250),6,1
  4611. 178464,en,15,garavata,gāravatā,Gāravatā,Gāravatā,[Der.fr.gārava] reverence,respect,in Satthu°,Dhamma°,etc.A.III,330 sq.,423 sq.; IV,29 (ottappa°).(Page 250),8,1
  4612. 178493,en,15,garayha,gārayha,Gārayha,Gārayha,(adj.) [grd.of garahati] contemptible,low Vin.III,186; IV,176 sq.; 242; V,149; M.I,403; A.II,241 (kammaṃ pādaṃ gārayhaṃ mosallaṃ); Sn.141; Nett 52; SnA 192.<i>a°</i> not to be blamed J.VI,200 (spelt aggarayha).(Page 249),7,1
  4613. 178547,en,15,garu,garu,Garu,Garu,[Vedic guru; Gr.baruζ,Lat.gravis &#38; brutus,Goth.kaurus] 1.adj.(a) lit.heavy,opp.lahu light,appl<sup>d</sup> to <i>bhāra</i>,a load S.III,26; J.I,196 (=bhārika); VI,420; DhA.I,48; Sdhp.494 (rūpagarubhāra the heavy load of “form”).Compar.garutara (as against Sk.<i>garīyaṃ</i>) PvA.191.-- (b) fig.important,to be esteemed,valued or valuable A.III,110 sq.(piya manāpa g.bhavanīya); c.Gen.or --° bent on (often in sequence °garu,°ninna,°poṇa,etc.,e.g.Vism.135); pursuing,paying homage to,reverent; (or) esteemed by,honoured,venerated:Satthugaru esteeming the Lord; Dhamma°,Saṅghe g.A.III,331=IV.28 sq.; dosa° S.I,24; kodha°,saddhamma° (pursuing,fostering) A.II,46 sq.=84 sq.; Sdhp.1 (sabba-loka° worshipped by all the world); Dpvs.IV,12.-- <i>agaru</i> (c.Gen.) irreverent towards Sn.p.51 (Gotamassa).Cp.garuka,gārava; also agaru &#38; agalu.-- 2.N.a venerable person,a teacher:garunaṃ dassanāya &#38; sakāsaṃ Sn.325,326 (v.l.garūnaṃ to be preferred,so also SnA 332,333); garūnaṃ dārā It.36.-- garukaroti (for garuṃ k°) to esteem,respect,honour; usually in series sakkaroti g° māneti pūjeti Vin.II,162; M.I,31; D.I,91; A.III,76; IV,276; Nd<sup>2</sup> 334 (on namati),530 (on yasassin); PvA.54.Expl.at DA.I,256 by gāravaṃ karoti.-- garukātabba worthy of esteem PvA.9.-- garukāra (sakkāra g.mānana vandana) esteem,honour,regard Pug.19=Dhs.1121.-- See also guru.<br><br> <i>--upanissita</i> (adj.) depending on a teacher,one being taught Ps.II,202; <i>--ṭṭhāniya</i> one who takes the place of a teacher A.III,21,393; Nett 8; Vism.344.<i>--dhamma</i> a rule to be observed.There are 8 chief rules enum.at Vin.II,255=A.IV,276,280; see also Vin.IV,51,315; V,136.Taken in the sense of a violation of these rules Vin.I,49=II.226; I,52,143,144; II,279; <i>--nissaya</i> in °ṃ gaṇhāti to take up dependency on a teacher,i.e.to consider oneself a pupil Vin.II,303; <i>--saṃvasa</i> association with a teacher Nd<sup>2</sup> 235 4°; Miln.408.(Page 246),4,1
  4614. 178683,en,15,garuka,garuka,Garuka,Garuka,[from garu] somewhat heavy.-1.lit.J.I,134 (of the womb in pregnancy); Dh.310; Miln.102.Usually coupled &#38; contrasted with <i>lahuka</i>,light:in def.of sense of touch Dhs.648; similarly w.sithila,dhanita,dīgha,rassa Miln.344; DA.I,177 (in expl.of dasavidha vyañjana).-- 2.fig.(a) heavy,grave,serious esp.appl<sup>d</sup> to -- <i>āpatti</i>,breach of regulations,offence (opp.lahuka) Vin.V,115,130,145,153; Dh.138 (ābādha,illness); appl<sup>d</sup> to <i>kamma</i> at Vism.601 (one of the four kinds); nt.as adv.considerably Miln.92 (°ṃ parinamati).‹-› (b) important,venerable,worthy of reverence Th.2,368 (Satthu sāsana=garukātabba ThA.251); Miln.140.-- (c) --° “heavy on,” bent on,attaching importance to:nahāna° fond of bathing Vin.I,196; tadattha° engaged in (jhāna) Nd<sup>2</sup> 264; kamma° attributing importance to k.Nd<sup>2</sup> 411; saddhamma° revering the Doctrine Sdhp.520.Nibbāna-garuka Vism.117 (+Nâdhimutta &#38; N-pabbhāra).<br><br> <i>--āpatti</i> a grievous offence,see above.As terasa g-°ino at Miln.310.(Page 246),6,1
  4615. 178839,en,15,garula,garuḷa,Garuḷa,Garuḷa,[Derivation uncertain.Sk.garuḍa,Lat.volucer winged,volo to fly].N.of a mythical bird,a harpy Ps.II,196=Nd<sup>2</sup> 235,3 q.; Vism.206; VvA.9 (=supaṇṇa); DhA.I,144.(Page 246),6,1
  4616. 178964,en,15,garutta,garutta,Garutta,Garutta,(nt.) the fact of being honoured or considered worthy of esteem,honourableness A.V,164 sq.(Page 246),7,1
  4617. 178996,en,15,gassetum,gassetuṃ,Gassetuṃ,Gassetuṃ,at DhsA.324 is to be corrected into dassetuṃ.(Page 247),8,1
  4618. 179005,en,15,gata,gata,Gata,Gata,[pp.of gacchati in medio-reflexive function] gone,in all meanings of gacchati (q.v.) viz.1.literal:gone away,arrived at,directed to (c.Acc.),opp.ṭhita:gate ṭhite nisinne (Loc.abs.) when going,standing,sitting down (cp.gacchati 1) D.I,70; opp.āgata:yassa maggaṃ na jānāsi āgatassa gatassa vā Sn.582 (cp.gati 2).Also periphrastic (=gacchati 5 b):aṭṭhi paritvā gataṃ “the bone fell down” J.III,26.Very often gata stands in the sense of a finite verb (=aor.gacchi or agamāsi):yo ca Buddhaṃ ...saraṇaṃ gato (cp.gacchati 4) Dh.190; attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gato he went to his domicile J.I,280; II,160; nāvā Aggimālaṃ gatā the ship went to Aggimālā J.IV,139.‹-› 2.in applied meaning:gone in a certain way,i.e.affected,behaved,fared,fated,being in or having come into a state or condition.So in sugata &#38; duggata (see below) and as 2nd part of cpds.in Gen.,viz.gone; atthaṃ° gone home,set; addha° done with the journey (cp.gat-addhin); gone into:taṇhā° fallen a victim to thirst,tama° obscured,raho°,secluded,vyasana° fallen into misery; having reached:anta° arrived at the goal (in this sense often comb<sup>d</sup> with patta:antagata antapatta Nd<sup>2</sup>,436,612),koṭi° perfected,parinibbāna° having ceased to exist.vijjā° having attained (right) knowledge; connected with,referring to,concerning:kāya° relating to the body (kāyagatā sati,e.g.Vism.111,197,240 sq.); diṭṭhi° being of a (wrong) view; saṅkhāra°,etc.-- Sometimes gata is replaced by kata and vice versa:anabhāvaṅkata›anabhāvaṃ gacchati; kālagata›kālakata (q.v.).<br><br> <i>agata</i> not gone to,not frequented:°ṃ disaṃ (of Nibbāna) Dh.323; purisantaraṃ °ṃ mātugāmaṃ “a maid who has not been with a man” J.I,290.<br><br> <i>sugata</i> of happy,blessed existence,fortunate; one who has attained the realm of bliss (=sugatiṃ gata,see gati),blessed.As np.a common Ep.of the Buddha:Vin.I,35; III,1; D.I,49; S.I,192; A.II,147 et passim (see Sugata).-- D.I,83; Sn.227 (see expl.KhA 183).<br><br> <i>duggata</i> of miserable existence,poor,unhappy,illfated,gone to the realm of miscry (duggatiṃ gata PvA.33,see gati) Pv.I,6<sup>2</sup>; II,3<sup>17</sup>; duggata-bhāva (poverty) J.VI,366; duggat-itthi (miserable,poor) J.I,290; parama-duggatāni kulāni clans in utmost misery (poverty) PvA.176.-Compar.duggatatara DhA.I,427; II,135.<br><br> <i>--atta</i> (fr.attā) self-perfected,perfect D.I,57 (expl.by koṭippatta-citto DA.I,168); cp.paramāya satiyā ca gatiyā ca dhitiyā ca samannāgata M.I,82; <i>--addhin</i> (adj.of addhan) one who has completed his journey (cp.addhagata) Dh.90; <i>--kāle</i> (in gata-gata-kāle) whenever he went J.III,188; <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> place of existence PvA.38; =gamana in āgata-ṭṭhānaṃ vā:coming and going (lit.state of going) J.III,188; <i>--yobbana</i> (adj.) past youth,of old age A.I,138; Sn.98=124.(Page 242),4,1
  4619. 179057,en,15,gataka,gataka,Gataka,Gataka,a messenger J.I,86.(Page 242),6,1
  4620. 179151,en,15,gatatta,gatatta,Gatatta,Gatatta,1.=Sk.gat-ātman (see prec.).-- 2.=Sk.gatatvaṃ the fact of having gone KhA 183.(Page 242),7,1
  4621. 179188,en,15,gatha,gāthā,Gāthā,Gāthā,(f.) [Vedic gāthā,on der<sup>n</sup> see gāyate] a verse,stanza,line of poetry,usually referring to an Anuṭṭhubbaṃ or a Tuṭṭhubbaṃ, &#38; called a catuppādā gāthā,a stanza (śloka) of four half-lines A.II,178; J.IV,395.Def.as akkhara-padaniya-mita-ganthita-vacanaṃ at KhA 117.For a riddle on the word see S.I,38.As a style of composition it is one of the nine Aṅgas or divisions of the Canon (see navaṅga Satthu sāsana).Pl.gāthā Sn.429; J.II,160; gāthāyo Vin.I,5,349; D.II,157.gāthāya ajjhābhāsati to address with a verse Vin.I,36,38; Kh v.intr.-- gāthāhi anumodati to thank with (these) lines Vin.I,222,230,246,294,etc.-- gāthāyo gīyamāna uttering the lines Vin.I,38.-- anantaragāthā the foll.stanza J.IV,142; Sn.251; J.I,280; Dh.102 (°sataṃ).<br><br> <i>--abhigīta</i> gained by verses S.I,167=Sn.81,480 (gāthāyo bhāsitvā laddhaṃ Com.cp.Ger.“ersungen”).<i>--âvasāne</i> after the stanza has been ended DhA.III,171; <i>--jānanaka</i> one who knows verses Anvs.p.35; <i>--dvaya</i> (nt.) a pair of stanzas J.III,395 sq.; PvA.29,40; <i>--pada</i> a half line of a gāthā Dh.101; KhA 123; <i>--sukhattaṃ</i> in order to have a well-sounding line,metri causā,PvA.33.(Page 248),5,1
  4622. 179223,en,15,gathaka,gāthaka,Gāthaka,Gāthaka,[demin.of gāthā]=gāthā,in ekaṃ me gāhi gāthakaṃ “sing to me only one little verse” J.III,507.(Page 248),7,1
  4623. 179319,en,15,gathita,gathita,Gathita,Gathita,(adj.) [pp.of ganthati to tie,cp.gantha,knot.Sk.grathita] tied,bound,fettered; enslaved,bound to,greedy for,intoxicated with (c.Loc.).When abs.always in comb<sup>n</sup> w.paribhuñjati and w.ref.to some object of desire (bhoga,lābha,kāmaguṇe).Usually in standing phrase gathita mucchita ajjhāpanna (ajjhopanna) “full of greed &#38; blind desire.” In this connection it is frequently (by B MSS.) spelt gadhita and the editors of S,A, &#38; Miln.have put that in the text throughout.With mucchita &#38; ajjhāpanna:D.I,245; III,43; M.I,162,173; S.II,270; IV,332; A.V,178,181 Nd<sup>2</sup> on nissita C.--c.Loc.:J.IV,371 (gharesu); DA.I,59 (kāmaguṇesu).In other connections:ādānaganthaṃ gathitaṃ visajja Sn.794 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 98); yāni loke gathitāni na tesu pasuto siyā Sn.940.-- J.IV,5 (=giddha); V,274 (gedhita for pagiddha); PvA.262 (gadhita as expl<sup>n</sup> of giddha)--agathita (agadhita) not fettered (by desire) without desire,free from the ties of craving (+m°,a°) S.II,194,269; A.V,181; Miln.401 (trsl.Rh.D.II.339:“without craving,without faintness,without sinking”).(Page 243),7,1
  4624. 179331,en,15,gati,gati,Gati,Gati,(f.) [fr.gacchati; cp.Gr.baζis,Lat.(in-) ventio,Goth.(ga-)qumps] 1.going,going away,(opp.āgati coming) (both gati &#38; āgati usually in pregnant sense of No.2.See āgati); direction,course,career.Freq.of the two careers of a Mahāpurisa (viz.either a Cakkavatti or a Buddha) D.II,16=Sn.p.106; Sn.1001,or of a gihī arahattaṃ patto Miln.264,with ref.to the distinction of the child Gotama J.I,56.-- phassâyatanānaṃ gati (course or direction) A.II,161; jagato gati (id.) A.II,15,17; sakuntānaṃ g.the course,flight of birds Dh.92=Th.1,92.-- Opp.āgati Pv.II,9<sup>22</sup>.--tassā gatiṃ jānāti “he knows her going away,i.e.where she has gone” PvA.6.-- 2.going away,passing on (=cuti,opp.upapatti coming into another existence); course,esp after death,destiny,as regards another (future) existence A.I,112; D.II,91; M.I,388 (tassa kā gati ko abhisamparāyo? what is his rebirth and what his destiny?); in comb<sup>n</sup> āgati vā gati vā (=cutûpapatti),rebirth &#38; death M.I,328,334.In def<sup>n</sup> of saṃsāra expl<sup>d</sup> as gati bhavâbhava cuti upapatti=one existence after the other Nd<sup>2</sup> 664; as gati upapatti paṭisandhi Nd<sup>2</sup> on dhātu (also as puna-gati rebirth).-- The Arahant as being beyond Saṃsāra is also beyond gati:yassa gatiṃ na jānanti devā gandhabba-mānusā Dh.420=Sn.644; yesaṃ gati n’atthi Sn.499; and Nibbāna coincides with release from the gatis:gativippamokkhaṃ parinibbānaṃ SnA 368.-- attā hi attano gati “everybody is (the maker of) his own future life” Dh.380; esā maccharino gati “this is the fate of the selfish” Pv III,1<sup>14</sup>; sabbagatī te ijjhantu “all fate be a success to you” J.V,393; gato so tassa yā gati “he has gone where he had to go (after death)” Pv.I,12<sup>2</sup>.‹-› 3.behaviour,state or condition of life,sphere of existence,element,especially characterized as sugati &#38; duggati,a happy or an unhappy existence.gati migānaṃ pavanaṃ,ākāso pakkhīnaṃ gati,vibhavo gati dhammānaṃ,nibbānaṃ arahato gati:the wood is the sphere of the beasts,the air of the birds,decay is the state of (all) things,Nibbāna the sphere of the Arahant Vin.V,149=SnA 346; apuññalābho ca gatī ca pāpikā Dh.310; duggati J.I,28; avijjāy’eva gati the quality of ignorance Sn.729; paramāya gatiyā samannāgato of perfect behaviour M.I,82; see also def<sup>n</sup> at Vism.237.‹-› 4.one of the five realms of existence of sentient beings (=loka),divided into the two categories of sugati (=Sagga,realm of bliss) &#38; duggati (=Yamaloka,apāya,realm of misery).These gatis are given in the foll.order:(1) niraya purgatory,(2) tiracchānayoni the brute oreation,(3) pittivisaya the ghost world,(4) manussā (m-loka) human beings,(5) devā gods:M.I,73; D.III,234; A.IV,459; Nd<sup>2</sup> 550; cp.S.V,474--77; Vism.552.They are described in detail in the Pañcagatidīpana (ed.L.Feer,J.P.T.S.1884,152 sq.; trsl.by the same in Annales du Musée Guimet V.514--528) under Naraka-kaṇḍa,Tiracchāna°,Peta°,Manussa°,Deva°.Of these Nos.1--3 are considered duggatis,whilst Nos.4 and 5 are sugati.In later sources we find 6 divisions,viz.1--3 as above,(4) asurā,(5) manussā,(6) devā,of which 1--4 are comprised under apāyā (conditions of suffering,q.v.) or duggatiyo (see Pv IV.11,cp.PvA.103).These six also at D.III,264.-- lokassa gatiṃ pajānāti Bhagavā Sn.377 (gati=nirayādipañcappabhedaṃ SnA 368).The first two gatis are said to be the fate of the micchādiṭṭhino D.I,228,dve niṭṭhā DA.I,249 (q.v.for var.appl.of gati) as well as the dussīlā (A.I,60),whilst the last two are the share of the sīlavanto (A.I.60).<br><br> <i>--gata</i> gone its course (of a legal enquiry,vinicchaya) Vin.II,85 (cp.Vin Texts III,26); J.II,1.<br><br> <i>agati</i> 1.no course,no access,in <i>agati</i> tava tattha:there you have no access S.I,115.-- 2.=duggati,a wrong course.agatigamana a wrong course of life D.III,133; A.I,72; II,18 sq.; III,274 sq.; J.V,510; PvA.161.Technically the four agati-gamanāni are:chanda° dosa° moha° bhaya° D.III,228 (see also under chanda).<br><br> <i>sugati</i> (sometimes suggati after duggati e.g.J.VI,224) a happy existence; a realm of bliss; the devaloka.Cp.sugatin.Usually with gacchati (sugatiṃ) &#38; gata “gone to Heaven” Vin.II,195; D.II,202; It.77; PvA.65.In comb<sup>n</sup> w.sagga loka (sugatiṃ,etc.uppajjati) D.I,143; A.I,97; J.I,152.parammaraṇā sugati pāṭikaṅkhā It.24; suggatiṃ gata Dh.18; sugati pāpehi kammehi sulabhā na hoti “bliss is not gained by evil” PvA.87; =sugga &#38; dibbaṭṭhāna PvA.89; sugati-parāyana sure of rebirth in a realm of bliss,ib.<br><br> <i>duggati</i> a miserable existence; a realm of misery (see above gati 4).Usually with gacchati (duggatiṃ gata,reborn in a miserable state) or uppajjati D.I,82; A.I,97,138 (+vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ); II,123; III,3; IV,364; Dh.17; Sn.141; SnA 192 (=dukkhappatti); PvA.87.Sakakammāni nayanti duggatiṃ,one’s own deeds lead to rebirth in misery,Dh.240; with ref.to a Peta existence:Pv.I,6<sup>2</sup>; II,1<sup>6</sup>; 1<sup>13</sup>; 3<sup>17</sup>.Cp.duggata.(Page 242),4,1
  4625. 179362,en,15,gatika,gatika,Gatika,Gatika,(adj.) 1.going to,staying with,in bhikkhu° a person living with the bhikkhus Vin.I,148.-- 2.leading to:yaṃ° what they lead to (of the 5 indriyas) S.V,230.-- 3.having a certain gati,leading to one of the four kinds of rebirth:evaṃ° D.I,16 (w.ref.to one of the first 3 gatis:DA.I,108); niyata° whose destiny is certain (w.ref.to sugati) and aniyata° whose destiny is uncertain (w.ref.to a duggati) DhA.III,173.(Page 243),6,1
  4626. 179378,en,15,gatimant,gatimant,Gatimant,Gatimant,(adj.) of (perfect) behaviour,going right,clever (cp.gatatta under gata, &#38; gati 3) M.I,82.(Page 243),8,1
  4627. 179387,en,15,gatin,gatin,Gatin,Gatin,(adj.=gatika) 1.going,i.e.having a certain course:sabbā nadī vaṅkagatī “every river flows crooked” J.I,289.-- 2.having a certain gati,fated,destined,esp.in su° &#38; dug°:samparāye suggatī going to a happy existence after death Vin.II,162=J.I,219; saggaṃ sugatino yanti “those who have a happy fate (because of leading a good life) go to one of the Heavens” Dh.126.(Page 243),5,1
  4628. 179490,en,15,gatta,gatta,Gatta,Gatta,(nt.) [Vedic gātra] the body,pl.gattāni the limbs.‹-› As body:Vin.I,47; S.I,169=183 (analla° with pure bodies; anallīna° at 169,but v.l.analla°); A.I,138; Sn.673 (samacchida° with bodies cut up); Pv.I,11<sup>2</sup> (bhinna-pabhinna°,id.); PvA.56 (=sarīra); 68.-- As limbs:S.IV,198 (arupakkāni festering with sores); M.I,506 (id.); M.I,80=246; J.I,61 (lālākilinna°); Sn.1001 (honti gattesu mahāpurisalakkhaṇā),1017,1019; Pv III,9<sup>1</sup> (=sarīrâvayavā PvA.211); Miln.357 (arupakkāni).(Page 243),5,1
  4629. 179524,en,15,gava°,gava°,Gava°,Gava°,base of the N.go,a bull,cow,used in cpds.See gāv°,go.<br><br> <i>--akkha</i> a kind of window Mhvs 9.15,17; <i>--āghātana</i> slaughtering of cows Vin.I,182; --âssa cows &#38; horses Vin.V,350; D.I,5~; Sn.769; <i>--caṇḍa</i> fierce towards cows Pug.47; <i>--pāna</i> milky rice pudding J.I,33; --(°m)pati “lord of cows,” a bull Sn.26,27 (usabha).(Page 247),5,1
  4630. 179535,en,15,gavacchita,gavacchita,Gavacchita,Gavacchita,furnished with netting (?) (Hardy in Index) VvA.276,of a carriage (=suvaṇṇajālavitata).(Page 247),10,1
  4631. 179552,en,15,gavaja,gavaja,Gavaja,Gavaja,see <i>gavaya</i>.(Page 247),6,1
  4632. 179634,en,15,gavaya,gavaya,Gavaya,Gavaya,(and gavaja) a species of ox,the gayal [Sk.gavaya,cp.gavala,buffalo] J.V,406.(°ja=khagga); Miln.149; DhsA.331.(Page 247),6,1
  4633. 179667,en,15,gavesana,gavesana,Gavesana,Gavesana,search for PvA.185.(Page 247),8,1
  4634. 179700,en,15,gavesati,gavesati,Gavesati,Gavesati,[gava+esati.Vedic gaveṣate.Origin.to search after cows.Dhtp 298=maggana tracking] to seek,to search for,to wish for,strive after Dh.146 (gavessatha),153; Th.1,183; Nd<sup>2</sup> 2,70,427; J.I,4,61; Miln.326; PvA.187,202 (aor.gavesi=vicini); Bdhd 53.In Nd<sup>2</sup> always in comb<sup>n</sup> esati gavesati pariyesati.(Page 247),8,1
  4635. 179730,en,15,gavesin,gavesin,Gavesin,Gavesin,(adj.) seeking,looking for,striving after (usually --°) D.I,95 (tāṇa°,etc.); Dh.99 (kāma°),245 (suci°),355 (pāra°); Nd<sup>2</sup> 503 (in expl.of mahesi,with esin &#38; pariyesin); Bdhd 59.(Page 247),7,1
  4636. 179772,en,15,gavi,gavi,Gavi,Gavi,a tree-like creeper,in <i>--pphala</i> the fruit of a g.Sn.239 (=rukkhavalliphala SnA).(Page 247),4,1
  4637. 179781,en,15,gavi,gāvī,Gāvī,Gāvī,(f.) [see go] Gen.sg.gāviyā (Pug.56=A.II,207); Nom.pl.gāviyo (SnA 323; VvA.308); Gen.pl.gāvīnaṃ DhA.I,396; SnA 323; VvA.308).-- A cow Vin.I,193; A.IV,418; J.I,50; Ud.8,49; Vism.525 (in simile); DhA.II,35; VvA.200.(Page 250),4,1
  4638. 179809,en,15,gavo,gāvo,Gāvo,Gāvo,see go.(Page 250),4,1
  4639. 179823,en,15,gavuta,gāvuta,Gāvuta,Gāvuta,(nt.) [cp.Vedic gavyūti pasture land,district] a linear measure,a quarter of a yojana=80 usabhas,a little less than two miles,a league J.I,57,59; II,209; Vism.118; DhA.I,396.(Page 250),6,1
  4640. 179846,en,15,gavutika,gāvutika,Gāvutika,Gāvutika,(adj.) reaching a gāvuta in extent DA.I,284.(Page 250),8,1
  4641. 179877,en,15,gayaka,gāyaka,Gāyaka,Gāyaka,[fr.next] a singer PvA.3 (naṭaka°).(Page 249),6,1
  4642. 179902,en,15,gayana,gāyana,Gāyana,Gāyana,(nt.) singing VvA.315 (naccana+).(Page 249),6,1
  4643. 179968,en,15,gayati,gāyati,Gāyati,Gāyati,[Vedic <em>gai</em>,gāyate] to sing,to recite,often comb w.naccati to dance; ppr.gāyanto,gāyamāna &#38; gīyamāna (Vin.I,38); imper.<i>gāhi</i> (J.III,507); fut.gāyissati; grd.gāyitabba.Vin.II,108 (dhammaṃ),196 (gāthaṃ); Sn.682 (g° ca vādayanti ca); J.I,290 (gītaṃ); III,507 (naccitvā gāyitvā); Vism.121 (aor.gāyi); PvA.151.Cp.gāthā,gīta,geyya.(Page 249),6,1
  4644. 180000,en,15,gayha,gayha,Gayha,Gayha,(adj.) [grd.of gayhati; Vedic grāhya] to be taken,to be seized,as nt,the grip,in <i>gayhūpaga</i> (adj.) for being taken up,for common use SnA 283.-- (nt.) that which comes into one’s grasp,movable property,acquisition of property DhA.II,29; III,119; PvA.4.As <i>gayhūpakaṃ</i> at J.IV,219.(Page 245),5,1
  4645. 180008,en,15,gayhaka,gayhaka,Gayhaka,Gayhaka,(adj.=gayha) one who is to be taken (prisoner),in °niyyamāna id.S.I,143=J.III,361 (expl.as karamaragāhaṃ gahetvā niyyamāna; cp.karamara).(Page 245),7,1
  4646. 180030,en,15,gayhati,gayhati,Gayhati,Gayhati,[Pass.to gaṇhāti] to get seized,to be taken (see gaṇhāti); p.pres.gayhamāna being caught DhA.III,175 (°ka).-- grd.gayha.(Page 246),7,1
  4647. 180098,en,15,gedha,gedha,Gedha,Gedha,<sup>2</sup> [=geha? Kern] a cave A.I,154=III,128 (the latter passage has rodha,cp.v.l.under gedhi).(Page 253),5,1
  4648. 180099,en,15,gedha,gedha,Gedha,Gedha,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic gṛdhyā,cp.gijjhati] greed.Its connection with craving and worldly attachment is often referred to.Kāmesu g° S.I,73; Sn.152; A.III,312 sq.(gedho:pañcann’etaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ).gedhataṇhā S.I,15 (v.l.kodha°); Sn.65,945,1098; Th.2,352; Nd<sup>2</sup> 231; Dhs.1059 (under lobha),1136; Nett 18; DhA.I,366; PvA.107.<i>--agedhatā</i> freedom from greed Miln.276.-- See also gedhi &#38; paligedha.(Page 253),5,1
  4649. 180140,en,15,gedhi,gedhi,Gedhi,Gedhi,[Sk.gṛdhi,cp.gedha] greed,desire,jealousy,envy:gedhiṃ karoti (c.Loc.) to be desirous after M.I,330.<i>--gedhikata</i> in °citta (adj.) jealous,envious,ibid.As gedhikatā (f.) vanity,greed,conceit Nd<sup>2</sup> 585 (v.l.rodhigatā).(Page 253),5,1
  4650. 180148,en,15,gedhita,gedhita,Gedhita,Gedhita,[pp.of gijjhati] greedy,in gedhita-mano greedyminded Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup>; as nt.greed,in der.<i>gedhifatta</i> (syn.of gedhikatā) Nd<sup>2</sup> 585.(Page 254),7,1
  4651. 180168,en,15,geha,geha,Geha,Geha,(nt.) [Sk.geha=gṛha,to <em>gṛh</em>,gaṇhāti; cp.gaha,gihin,ghara; see also gedha<sup>2</sup>] a dwelling,hut,house; the household J.I,145,266,290; II,18,103,110,155 VI,367; Vism.593; PvA.22,62,73,82; fig.of kāya (body) Th.1,184=Dh.154.-- Appl<sup>d</sup> to a cowshed at Miln.396.<br><br> <i>--aṅgana</i> the open space in front of the house VvA.6; <i>--jana</i> (sg.collective) the members of the household,the servants PvA.16,62,93; <i>--jhāpana</i> incendiarism Vism.326.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> a place for a dwelling DhA.III,307; <i>--dvāra</i> the house door PvA.61; <i>--nissita</i> (adj.) concerning the house,connected with (the house and) worldly life Sn.280 (pāpiccha); It.117 (vitakka); cp.°sita; <i>--patana</i> the falling of the house J.III,118.<i>--pavesana</i> (-maṅgala) (the ceremony of) entering a new hut DhA.III,307; <i>--piṭṭhi</i> the back of the house PvA.78; <i>--rakkhika</i> keeping (in the) house,staying at home VvA.76 (dārakā); <i>--vigata</i> (nt.) the resources of the house,worldly means,riches Th.2,327 (=upakaraṇa ThA.234); <i>--sita</i> (*śrita)=°nissita,connected with worldly life (opp.nekkhamma,renunciation).Of chandā &#38; vitakkā (pl.) M.I,123; domanassa &#38; somanassa (grief &#38; pleasure) S.IV,232=Miln.45; Vbh.381; DhsA.194; dhammā,etc.S.IV,71; Vbh.380; Nett 53.(Page 254),4,1
  4652. 180485,en,15,gelanna,gelañña,Gelañña,Gelañña,(nt.) [n-abstr.fr.gilāna] sickness,illness D.II,99; A.I,219; III,298; IV,333 sq.; Vism.321,466,478.(Page 254),7,1
  4653. 180529,en,15,genduka,geṇḍuka,Geṇḍuka,Geṇḍuka,a ball for playing.The SS spelling is in all places <i>bheṇḍuka</i>,which has been taken into the text by the editors of J.and DhsA.The misspelling is due to a misreading of Singhalese bh›g; cp.spelling parābhetvā for parāgetvā.-- bheṇḍukena kīḷi J.IV,30; bhūmiyaṃ pahata-bheṇḍuka (striking against the ground) J.IV,30; Vism.143 (pahaṭa-citra°)=DhsA.116 (where wrongly pahaṭṭha-citta-bheṇḍuka); J.V,196 (citra-bh°); DhA.III,364.(Page 253),7,1
  4654. 180552,en,15,geruka,geruka,Geruka,Geruka,(nt.) &#38; <i>gerukā</i> (f.) [Sk.gairika] yellow ochre (Bdhgh suvaṇṇa° cp.Sk.kañcana° &#38; svarṇa°),red chalk used as colouring Vin.I,203; II,151; A.I,210; Miln.133 (°cuṇṇa).Freq.in <i>°parikamma</i> a coating of red chalk,red colouring Vin.II,117,151,172; °parikammakata “coated with red colouring” Vin.I,48; II,218.(Page 254),6,1
  4655. 180583,en,15,geyya,geyya,Geyya,Geyya,(nt.) [grd.of gāyati,Sk.geya] a certain style of Buddhist literature consisting of mixed prose &#38; verse.It is only found in the ster.enum of the Scriptures in their ninefold division,beginning suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ.See under <i>navaṅga</i>.(Page 254),5,1
  4656. 180611,en,15,ghacca,ghaccā,Ghaccā,Ghaccā,(f.) [fr.hanati,<em>han</em> and <em>ghan</em>] destruction (usually --°) D.III,67 (mūla°); J.I,176 (sakuṇa°).(Page 256),6,1
  4657. 180623,en,15,ghamma,ghamma,Ghamma,Ghamma,[Vedic gharma=Gr.qermόs,Lat.formus,Ohg.etc.warm; to <i>*gǔher</i> “warm,” cp.Sk.ghṛṇoti,hara; Gr.qέros,etc.] heat; hot season,summer.Either in Loc.ghamme J.IV,172 (=gimha-kāle); Pv IV.5<sup>3</sup> &#38; ghammani (“in summer” or “by the heat”) S.I,143= J.III,360 (sampareta overcome by heat); Sn.353; J.IV,239; V,3.-Or.in cpd.with <i>°abhitatta</i> (ghammâbhitatta,overpowered by heat) M.I,74; D.II,266; A.III,187 sq.; Sn.1014 (cp.353 ghammatatta); Miln.318; VvA.40; PvA.114.(Page 257),6,1
  4658. 180688,en,15,ghamsana,ghaṃsana,Ghaṃsana,Ghaṃsana,rubbing,in <i>pāda-gh °ī</i> a towel for rubbing the feet Vin.II,130.(Page 256),8,1
  4659. 180714,en,15,ghamsati,ghaṃsati,Ghaṃsati,Ghaṃsati,<sup>2</sup> [=haṃsati for Sk.haṛsati,see haṃsati] to be pleased,to rejoice J.IV,56 (v.l.ghasati).Cp.pahaṃsati<sup>2</sup>.(Page 256),8,1
  4660. 180715,en,15,ghamsati,ghaṃsati,Ghaṃsati,Ghaṃsati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.gharṣati,<i>*</i><em>ghṛṣ</em> to <i>*</i><em>gher</em> to rub or grind,cp.Gr.xέrados,xermaζ,xri/w,enlarged in Lat.frendo= Ags.grindan to grind] to rub,crush,grind,S.II,238; J.I,190 (=ghasituṃ? to next?) 216; VI,331.-- Caus.ghaṃsāpeti to rub against,to allow to be rubbed or crushed Vin.II,266.Cp.upani°,pari°, &#38; pahaṃsati<sup>1</sup>.‹-› Pass.ghaṃsīyati (ghaṃsiyati) to rub (intr.),to be rubbed Vin.I,204; II,112.(Page 256),8,1
  4661. 180740,en,15,ghamsika,ghaṃsikā,Ghaṃsikā,Ghaṃsikā,in go°,cow-hide (?) see go.(Page 256),8,1
  4662. 180771,en,15,ghana,ghana,Ghana,Ghana,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic ghana to hanti (ghanti,cp.ghātayati),<i>*gǔhen</i> “strike,” cp.Gr.qei/nw,fόnos,Lat.of-fendo,Ags.gud,Ohg.gundea] a club,a stick,a hammer; in ayo° an iron club VvA.20.Also coll.term for a musical instrument played by striking,as cymbal,tambourine,etc.VvA.37.(Page 257),5,1
  4663. 180772,en,15,ghana,ghana,Ghana,Ghana,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic ghana,cp.Gr.eu)qhnήs?] (a) (adj.) solid,compact,massive; dense,thick; in eka° of one solid mass (of sela,rock) Vin.I,185=Dh.81=Th.1,643= Miln.386; A.III,378,cp.ghanasela-pabbata DhA.I,74.-- gh.paṃsu J.I,264,paṭhavī (solid ground) J.I,74; PvA.75; palāsa (foliage) PvA.113; buddharasmiyo J.I,12; °maṃsa solid,pure flesh DhA.I,80; °sāṭaka (thick cloth) J.I,292; °sañchanna (thickly covered) PvA.258; °suvaṇṇakoṭṭima DhA.IV,135; abbha° a thick cloud Sn.348 (cp.SnA 348).-- (b) (m.) the fœtus at a certain stage (the last before birth &#38; the 4<sup>th</sup> in the enum.of the foll.stages:kalala,abbuda,pesī,gh.) S.I,206; J.IV,496; Miln.40; Vism.236.The latter meaning is semantically to be explained as “swelling” &#38; to be compared with Gr.bru/w to swell and e(/mbruon=embryo (the gravid uterus).(Page 257),5,1
  4664. 180787,en,15,ghana,ghāna,Ghāna,Ghāna,(nt.) [Sk.ghrāṇa to <em>ghrā</em>,see ghāyati.On n for ṇ cp.Trenckner,Notes,p.81] the nose; usually in its function as organ of smell=sense of smell (either in phrase ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyati:to smell an odour by means of the nose; or in ghana-viññeyyā gandhā:odours which are sensed by the nose).In the enum.of the senses gh.is always mentioned in the 3rd place (after cakkhu &#38; sota,eye &#38; ear); see under rūpa.In this connection:Vin.I,34; D.I,21,245; III,102,244 sq.; S.I,115; M.I,112,191; II,42; Dh.360; Pug.20; Miln.270; Vism.444 sq.(with def<sup>n</sup>).-- In other connections:Pv.II,2<sup>4</sup> (ghāna-chinna,one whose nose is cut off).<br><br> <i>--āyatana</i> the organ of smell D.III,243,280; Dhs.585,605,608; <i>--indriya</i> the sense of smell D.III,239; Dhs.585 etc.(as above); <i>--dhātu</i> the element of smell Dhs.as above; <i>--viññāṇa</i> perception of smell Dhs.443,608,628; <i>--samphassa</i> contact with the sense of smell S.I,115; D.III, &#38; Dhs.as above.(Page 257),5,1
  4665. 181222,en,15,ghanika,ghanika,Ghanika,Ghanika,[to ghana<sup>1</sup> in meaning of “cloud” (Sk.)] a class of devas (cloud-gods?) Miln.191.(Page 257),7,1
  4666. 181239,en,15,ghanna,ghañña,Ghañña,Ghañña,(adj.-n.) [fr.Sk.ghana to <em>han</em>,cp.ghānya &#38; hatya] killing,destroying (-°) see atta°.(Page 256),6,1
  4667. 181262,en,15,ghanta,ghaṇṭā,Ghaṇṭā,Ghaṇṭā,(f.) a small bell (cp.kiṅkanikā) J.IV,215; VvA.36,37,279 (khuddaka°).As <i>ghaṇṭī</i> at Vism.181.(Page 256),6,1
  4668. 181315,en,15,ghara,ghara,Ghara,Ghara,<sup>2</sup> [a drink (cp.gala) &#38; garala poison] (°-); in <i>--°dinnakābādha</i> sickness in consequence of a poisonous drink (expl.as suffering fr.the results of sorcery) Vin.I,206 (cp.Vin.Texts II.60); <i>--visa</i> poison Pug.48; DhA.II,38; <i>--sappa</i> a poisonous snake DhA.II,256.(Page 257),5,1
  4669. 181316,en,15,ghara,ghara,Ghara,Ghara,<sup>1</sup> (nt.; pl.°ā Dh.241,302) [cp.gaha &#38; geha] a house A.II,68; Sn.43 (gahaṭṭhā gharaṃ āvasantā),337 (Abl.gharā),889 (id.gharamhā); J.I,290 (id.gharato); IV,2,364,492 (ayo°); Pug.57; Miln.47.Comb<sup>d</sup> with vatthu PvA.3,17.-- sūcighara a needle-case VvA.251.<br><br> <i>--ājira</i> house-yard Vism.144 (where Dhs.A 116 in id.passage reads gharadvāra).<i>--āvāsa</i> the household life (as contrasted with the life of a mendicant) Vin.II,180 (gharāvāsatthaṃ); A.II,208; M.I,179,240,267,344; Sn.406 (cp.S.V,350); J.I,61; PvA.61; <i>--kapoṭa</i> [Sk.gṛhakapota] the house-pigeon Miln.364,403; <i>--golikā</i> house or domestic lizard J.II,147.<i>--dāsī</i> a female house-slave Pv.II,3<sup>21</sup>; <i>--dvāra</i> a house-door J.IV,142; Dhs.A 116; PvA.93; <i>--bandhana</i> the bonds of the house,i.e.the establishing of marriage DhA.I,4; <i>--mukha</i> an opening in the house,the front of the house Nd<sup>2</sup> 177; <i>--mesin</i> one who looks after the house,a pater familias,householder Sn.188; It.112 (gahaṭṭha+); J.VI,575; <i>--sandhi</i> a cleft or crevice in the house PvA.24; <i>--sūkara</i> a tame,domestic pig DhA.IV,16.(Page 257),5,1
  4670. 181423,en,15,gharani,gharaṇī,Gharaṇī,Gharaṇī,(f.) [fr.ghara<sup>1</sup>] a house-wife Vin.I,271; S.I,201; Pv III,1<sup>9</sup> (=ghara-sāminī PvA.174); DhA.III,209.(Page 257),7,1
  4671. 181577,en,15,ghasa,ghasa,Ghasa,Ghasa,(adj.-n.) eating,an eater; in <i>mahagghasa</i> a big eater A.V,149 (of the crow); Dh.325; Miln.288.(Page 257),5,1
  4672. 181587,en,15,ghasa,ghāsa,Ghāsa,Ghāsa,[Vedic ghāsa,fr.ghasati,q.v.cp.Lat.gramen= grass] grass for fodder,pasturing:food J.I,511 (°ṃ kurute); PvA.173 (°atthāya gacchati “go feeding”).Mostly in:<i>--esana</i> search for food (=gocara) S.I,141; Sn.711.-- Cp.vi°.<br><br> <i>--chada</i> (chāda &#38; chādana) food &#38; clothing,i.e.tending,fostering,good care (=posana) (act.) or being well looked after,well provided (pass.); chada:Pug.51; chāda:J.I,94; A.I,107; II,85; III,385; chādana:D.I,60; M.I,360; VvA.23,137; <i>--hāraka</i> one who fetches the fodder (food) Th.1,910.(Page 257),5,1
  4673. 181615,en,15,ghasana,ghāsana,Ghāsana,Ghāsana,(nt.)=ghāsa; in <i>--°ṭṭhāna</i> pasture (=gocara) VvA.218.(Page 258),7,1
  4674. 181636,en,15,ghasati,ghasati,Ghasati,Ghasati,[Vedic grasati &#38; *ghasti,pp.grasta,cp.Gr.grάw to gnaw,graζtis fodder,Lat.gramen grass] to eat J.III,210; ppr.ghasamāna Vin.II,201; Th.1,749.-- Cp.ghasa,ghasta &#38; ghāsa.See also jaddhu.Desid.jighacchati.(Page 257),7,1
  4675. 181669,en,15,ghasta,ghasta,Ghasta,Ghasta,[pp.of ghasati=Sk.grasta] only in vaṅka° having eaten or swallowed the hook (cp.grasta-vaṅka) D.II,266 (v-g° va ambujo); J.VI,113.(Page 257),6,1
  4676. 181683,en,15,ghata,ghaṭa,Ghaṭa,Ghaṭa,<sup>2</sup> (m. &#38; f.) [Sk.ghaṭā; conn.with ganthati to bind together] multitude,heap,crowd,dense mass,i.e.thicket,cluster.itthi° a crowd of women J.IV,316; maccha° a swarm of fish J.II,227; vana° dense forest J.II,385; IV,56; V,502; VI,11,519,564; brahma° company of brahmins J.VI,99.(Page 256),5,1
  4677. 181684,en,15,ghata,ghaṭa,Ghaṭa,Ghaṭa,<sup>1</sup> [Non-Aryan?] a hollow vessel,a bowl,vase,pitcher.Used for holding water,as well as for other purposes,which are given under pānīya° paribhojana° vacca° at Vin.I,157=352=M.I,207.In the Vinaya freq.comb<sup>d</sup> with kolamba,also a deep vessel:I.209,213,225,286.-- As water-pitcher:J.I,52,93 (puṇṇa°),166; VvA.118,207,244 (°satena nhāto viya); PvA.66 (udaka°),179 (pānīya°),282.-- In general:S.IV,196.For holding a light (in formula antoghaṭe padīpo viya upanissayo pajjalati) J.I,235 (cp.kuṭa),PvA.38.Used as a drum J.VI,277 (=kumbhathūna); as bhadda° Sdhp.319,329.<br><br> <i>--pamāṇa</i> (adj.) of the size of a large pot J.II,104; PvA.55.(Page 256),5,1
  4678. 181705,en,15,ghata,ghata,Ghata,Ghata,(nt.) [Vedic ghṛta,<em>ghṛ</em> to sprinkle,moisten] clarified butter VvA.326; Miln.41; Sdhp.201 (-bindu).With ref.to the sacrificial fire (fire as eating ghee,or being sprinkled w.ghee) <i>ghatāsana</i>; J.I,472; V,64,446; Pv.I,8<sup>5</sup> (ghatasitta).(Page 256),5,1
  4679. 181710,en,15,ghata,ghāṭa,Ghāṭa,Ghāṭa,see saṃ°; ghāṭana see ghaṭati.(Page 257),5,1
  4680. 181717,en,15,ghata,ghāta,Ghāta,Ghāta,(usually --°) [Sk.ghāta &#38; ghātana; to <i>han</i> (ghan),strike,kill; see etym.under ghana<sup>2</sup> &#38; hanti] killing,murdering; slaughter,destruction,robbery D.I,135 (gāma°,etc.village robbery); setu° the pulling down of a bridge (fig.) Vin.I,59,etc.(see setu); pantha° highway robbery,brigandage,“waylaying” J.I,253.‹-› Th.2,474,493 (=samugghāta Com.); Sn.246 (ina°); VvA.72 (pāṇa°+pāṇa-vadha &#38; °atipāta).Cp.next &#38; vi°; saṃ°.(Page 257),5,1
  4681. 181746,en,15,ghataka,ghaṭaka,Ghaṭaka,Ghaṭaka,[Dem.of prec.] 1.a small jar (?) Vin.II,129,130 (comb<sup>d</sup> w.kataka &#38; sammajjanī); cp.Vin.Texts III,130.-- 2.the capital of a pillar J.I,32 (cp.kumbha).(Page 256),7,1
  4682. 181757,en,15,ghataka,ghātaka,Ghātaka,Ghātaka,(adj.-°) murdering,destroying,slaughtering Vin.I,89 (arahanta°),136 (id.),168 (id.); II,194 (manussa°); IV,260 (tala°) J.IV,366 (gāma° corā robbers infesting the village); V,397 (thī°=itthi°); Pug.56 (maccha°).-- As noun:(m.) one who slays,an executioner:go° a bull-slaughterer M.I,244,etc.(see go); cora° an executioner or haṅgman J.III,41; Pug.56; PvA.5.-- (nt.) brigandage,robbery,slaughtering:gāmaghātakaṃ karoti J.I,200.(Page 257),7,1
  4683. 181796,en,15,ghatana,ghaṭana,Ghaṭana,Ghaṭana,see <i>Ghaṭṭana</i>.(Page 256),7,1
  4684. 181949,en,15,ghatati,ghaṭati,Ghaṭati,Ghaṭati,[Sk.ghaṭate,to <em>granth</em>,cp.ganthati.The Dhtp gives two roots <em>ghaṭ</em>,of which one is expl<sup>d</sup> by “ghāṭane” (No.554),the other by “īhāyaṃ,” i.e.from exertion (No.98)] to apply oneself to,to exert oneself,to strive; usually in formula uṭṭhahati gh° vāyamati M.I,86; S.I,267 (yamati for vāy°); Pug.51; or yuñjati gh° vāy° J.IV,131.-- Sdhp.426,450.(Page 256),7,1
  4685. 182073,en,15,ghateti,ghaṭeti,Ghaṭeti,Ghaṭeti,[denom.fr.ghaṭa<sup>2</sup>,cp.gantheti] to join,to connect,to unite J.I,139; freq.in anusandhiṃ ghaṭetvā adding the connection (between one rebirth &#38; another) J.I,220,308.(Page 256),7,1
  4686. 182088,en,15,ghateti,ghāteti,Ghāteti,Ghāteti,[denom.fr.ghāta,cp.Sk.ghātayati to <i>han</i>] tc kill,slay,slaughter It.22 (yo na hanti na ghāteti); Dh.129,405; J.I,255; Mhvs VII.35,36.-- aor.aghātayi J.I,254; ger.ghātetvā J.I,166.-- Caus.ghātāpeti to have somebody killed J.IV,124.-- Cp.ghacca,ghātita,āghāteti.(Page 257),7,1
  4687. 182138,en,15,ghati,ghaṭī,Ghaṭī,Ghaṭī,(f.) [to ghaṭa<sup>1</sup>] a jar DhA.I,426.In cpds.also ghaṭi°.<br><br> <i>--odana</i> rice boiled in a jar DhA.I,426; <i>--kaṭāha</i> a water pot,or rather a bowl for gathering alms (cp.ghaṭikā<sup>1</sup>) Vin.II,115 (=ghaṭi-kapāla Bdhgh); <i>--kāra</i> a potter DhA.I,380; Np.of a kumbhakāra S.I,35,60; M.II,45 sq.(=°suttanta,mentioned as such at DhA.III,251); J.I,43.(Page 256),5,1
  4688. 182160,en,15,ghatika,ghaṭikā,Ghaṭikā,Ghaṭikā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [to ghaṭa<sup>2</sup>,orig.meaning “knot,” cp.gantha &#38; gaṇṭhi,also <i>gaṇḍa</i>] 1.a small stick,a piece of a branch,a twig J.I,331; IV,87 (khadira°); VI,331; Th.2,499 (=khaṇḍa ThA.290).upadhānaghaṭikā J.III,179 (belonging to the outfit of an executioner); pāsa° J.II,253 is a sort of magic stick or die (=pāsaka) ‹-› 2.a game of sticks (“tip-cat” sticks Miln.trsl.II.32).D.I,6≈(DA.I,85:ghaṭikā ti vuccati dīgha-daṇḍakena rassa daṇḍaka-paharaṇa kīḷā,tip-cat); Vin.II,10; III,181; M.I,266; A.V,203; Miln.229.-- 3.a stack of twigs S.II,178,4; (a stick used as) a bolt Vin.II,120,208; III,119; usually as sūci° a needle-shaped stick Vin.II,237 (cp.Vin.Texts III,106); S.IV,290; Ud.52; J.I,346.Cp.gaṇḍikādhāna.(Page 256),7,1
  4689. 182161,en,15,ghatika,ghaṭikā,Ghaṭikā,Ghaṭikā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [to ghaṭa<sup>1</sup>] a small bowl,used for begging alms Th.2,422 (=ThA.269:bhikkhā-kapāla).(Page 256),7,1
  4690. 182173,en,15,ghatika,ghātikā,Ghātikā,Ghātikā,(f.abstr.to ghātaka) murder J.I,176 sq.(Page 257),7,1
  4691. 182219,en,15,ghatimant,ghātimant,Ghātimant,Ghātimant,(adj.) able to strike,able to pierce (of a needle),in ghana° going through hard material easily J.III,282.(Page 257),9,1
  4692. 182220,en,15,ghatin,ghātin,Ghātin,Ghātin,(adj.-n.) killing; a murderer J.I,168 (pāṇa°); VI,67 (ghātimhi=ghātake).(Page 257),6,1
  4693. 182227,en,15,ghatita,ghaṭita,Ghaṭita,Ghaṭita,[pp.of ghaṭeti] connected,combined Vism.192.(Page 256),7,1
  4694. 182234,en,15,ghatita,ghātita,Ghātita,Ghātita,(adj.) [pp.of ghāteti] killed,destroyed ThA.289; also in Der.<i>ghātitatta</i> (nt.) the fact of having killed J.I,167.Cp.ugghātita.(Page 257),7,1
  4695. 182292,en,15,ghatiyati,ghaṭīyati,Ghaṭīyati,Ghaṭīyati,[Pass.of ghaṭeti] 1.to be connected or continued DhA.I,46 (paveṇī na gh.),174.-- 2.to be obstructed Nd<sup>2</sup> 102 (=virujjhati,paṭihaññati).(Page 256),9,1
  4696. 182314,en,15,ghatta,ghaṭṭa,Ghaṭṭa,Ghaṭṭa,see araghaṭṭa; meaning “rubbed,knocked against” in phrase ghaṭṭa-pāda-tala SnA 582 (for ugghaṭṭha); also at Vin.IV,46 in def.of vehāsa-kuṭī (a cell or hut with air,i.e.,spacious,airy) as majjhimassa purisassa a-sīsa-ghaṭṭā “so that a man of medium height does not knock his head (against the ceiling)”; of uncertain meaning (“beating”?) at J.I,454 (v.l.for T.ghota).(Page 256),6,1
  4697. 182327,en,15,ghattana,ghaṭṭana,Ghaṭṭana,Ghaṭṭana,(nt.) [Sk.ghaṭana,to <em>granth</em>,cp.gantha] 1.combining,putting together,combination,composition,J.I,220; PA.312,etc.-- 2.striking,fig.insulting (ghaṭṭana=āsajjana) VvA.55.To meaning “strike” cp.saṅghaṭṭana.(Page 256),8,1
  4698. 182428,en,15,ghatteti,ghaṭṭeti,Ghaṭṭeti,Ghaṭṭeti,[Sk.ghaṭṭayati] to strike,beat,knock against,touch; fig.to offend,mock,object to.(a) lit.M.II,4 (jannukena; text reads ghatteti,v.l.ghaṭeti); Sn.48 (=saṃ° Nd<sup>2</sup> 233); J.I,218; Pv IV.10<sup>9</sup> (=paṭihaṃsati PvA.271); DA.I,256 (=khuṃseti); DhA.I,251.-- (b) fig.A.III,343; Sn.847 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 208); Vism.18.-- pp.ghaṭṭita Pug.30,36; psychologically ghaṭṭayati=ruppati.B or S.III,86.-- Pass.<i>ghaṭīyati</i> (q.v.).-Cp.āsajja and ugghāṭeti.(Page 256),8,1
  4699. 182529,en,15,ghayati,ghāyati,Ghāyati,Ghāyati,<sup>2</sup> [a variant of jhāyati] to be consumed,to be tormented by thirst Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup> (ghāyire=ghāyanti PvA.60; v.l.BB jhāyire &#38; jhāynati) Miln.397.(Page 257),7,1
  4700. 182530,en,15,ghayati,ghāyati,Ghāyati,Ghāyati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.ghrāti &#38; jighrati,to <em>ghrā</em>,cp.gandha] to smell,always with gandhaṃ; ger.ghātvā S.IV,71,74 or ghāyitvā J.I,210 (jālagandhaṃ); III,52 (macchagandhaṃ); Miln.347.Cp.sāyati &#38; upagghāyati.(Page 257),7,1
  4701. 182578,en,15,ghora,ghora,Ghora,Ghora,(adj.) [Vedic ghora,orig.meaning,wailing,howling,lamenting,to <i>*gher</i>,<i> *ger</i>,see note on gala &#38; cp.ghuru.A root <em>ghur</em> is given by Dhtp 487 in meaning of “bhīma,” i.e.horrible.-- Rel.to Goth.gaurs,sad; Ohg.gōrag,miserable; &#38; perhaps Lat.funus,funeral.See Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.] terrible,frightful,awful Vin.II,147.Freq.as attr.of niraya (syn.with dāruṇa; PvA.87,159,206) Pv.I,10<sup>12</sup>; IV,1<sup>8</sup>.Of an oath (sapatha) Pv.I,6<sup>8</sup>; II,12<sup>16</sup>.-- ghorassara of a terrible cry (Ep.of an ass) Miln.363,365.(Page 258),5,1
  4702. 182621,en,15,ghosa,ghosa,Ghosa,Ghosa,[Vedic ghoṣa to <em>ghus</em>] 1.shout,sound,utterance Vin.II,155 (“Buddha” --ghosa); M.I,294; A.I,87,228; Sn.p.106; Sn.696,698; Dhs.637,720 (+ghosa-kamma).-- 2.shouting,howling,wailing (of Petas) Pv III,3<sup>4</sup>; IV,3<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>38</sup>.<br><br> <i>--pamāṇa</i> to be measured (or judged) by one’s reputation A.II,71=Pug.53; also as <i>pamāṇika</i> DhA.III,114 (in same context).(Page 258),5,1
  4703. 182629,en,15,ghosaka,ghosaka,Ghosaka,Ghosaka,(adj.) sounding,proclaiming,shouting out (-°),in dhamma° praising the Law J.II,286; Satthu guṇa° sounding the praise of the Master DhA.III,114.As n.Name of a deva (Gh.devaputta) DhA.I,173.(Page 258),7,1
  4704. 182650,en,15,ghosana,ghosanā,Ghosanā,Ghosanā,(f.) fame,renown,praise,in Māra° J.I,71.(Page 258),7,1
  4705. 182706,en,15,ghosavant,ghosavant,Ghosavant,Ghosavant,(adj.) full of sound,roaring J.III,189.(Page 258),9,1
  4706. 182742,en,15,ghoseti,ghoseti,Ghoseti,Ghoseti,[denom.of ghosa,cp.Sk.ghoṣayati,caus.to <em>ghuṣ</em>] to proclaim,announce; cry aloud,wail,shout J.II,112; III,52; Pv.II,9<sup>37</sup> (=uggh°); IV,6<sup>3</sup>; pp.ghosita &#38; ghuṭṭha (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>ghosāpeti</i> to have proclaimed J.I,71.(Page 258),7,1
  4707. 182757,en,15,ghosita,ghosita,Ghosita,Ghosita,1.[pp.of ghoseti] proclaimed,renowned,PvA.107 (=ghuṭṭha); VvA.31 (nakkhattaṃ).As Npl.Ghositārāma DhA.I,53,161,208.-- 2.[n.ag.=ghositṛ,cp.ghosaka] one who proclaims,advocates,or heralds; in Np.Ghositaseṭṭhi DhA.I,187.(Page 258),7,1
  4708. 182785,en,15,ghota,ghota,Ghota,Ghota,is read at J.I,454,probably for ghaṭṭa; meaning is “striking,stroke,” comb<sup>d</sup> with kasā,whip.(Page 258),5,1
  4709. 182792,en,15,ghotaka,ghoṭaka,Ghoṭaka,Ghoṭaka,[cp.Sk.ghoṭaka,Halāyudha 2,281] a (bad) horse J.VI,452.(Page 258),7,1
  4710. 182833,en,15,ghuru-ghuru,ghuru-ghuru,Ghuru-ghuru,Ghuru-ghuru,onomat.expression of snoring &#38; grunting noise [gṛ-gṛ to <i>*gel</i> or <i>*ger</i>,see note on gala] in <i>--passāsa</i> ( &#38; °in) snoring &#38; breathing heavily,panting,snorting &#38; puffing S.I,117 (of Māra); J.I,160 (of sleeping bhikkhus,gh° kākacchamānā breathing loud &#38; snoring).Cp.next.(Page 258),11,1
  4711. 182837,en,15,ghurughurayati,ghurughurāyati,Ghurughurāyati,Ghurughurāyati,[denom.fr.prec.] to snore J.III,538; DhA.I,307.Cp.Prk.ghurughuranti varāhā (grunting hogs) &#38; ghurukkanti vagghā (roaring tigers).(Page 258),14,1
  4712. 182867,en,15,ghuttha,ghuṭṭha,Ghuṭṭha,Ghuṭṭha,[Sk.ghuṣṭa,pp.<em>ghuṣ</em>,see ghoseti &#38; cp.saṃ°] proclaimed,announced; renowned J.I,50 (of festival); 425 (nakkhattaṃ); II,248 (ussava); Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup> (dūra° of wide renown,world-famed of Bārāṇasī); DhA.III,100 (chaṇe ghuṭṭhe when the fair was opened).(Page 258),7,1
  4713. 182880,en,15,giddha,giddha,Giddha,Giddha,(adj.) [pp.of gijjhati] greedy; greedy for,haṅkering after (with Loc.) S.I,74 (+kāmesu mucchita); II,227; A.II,2; III,68; Sn.243 (rasesu),774 (kāmesu); 809; Pv IV.6<sup>2</sup> (sukhe); PvA.3 (+rata) (=gadhita),271 (āhāre=hungry; cp.giddhin).In series with similar terms of desire; giddha gathita (or gadhita) mucchita ajjhopanna Nd<sup>2</sup> 369 (nissita); SnA 286.Cp.gathita.-- <i>agiddha</i> without greed,desireless,controlled It.92 (+vītagedha); Sn.210 (do),845.Cp.pa°.(Page 250),6,1
  4714. 182892,en,15,giddhi,giddhi,Giddhi,Giddhi,(f.) [cp.Sk.gṛdhyā or gṛdhnutā] greed,usually in cpds.:°māna greed &#38; conceit Sn.328,<i>°lobha</i> g. &#38; desire M.I,360,362 (also a° and giddhilobhin); J.V,343.Der.giddhikatā (f.abstr.=Sk.gṛdhnutā) greed Vbh.351 (v.l.gedhi°).(Page 250),6,1
  4715. 182923,en,15,giddhima,giddhimā,Giddhimā,Giddhimā,(adj.fr.giddhi) greedy,full of greed J.V,464 (rasa°).(Page 250),8,1
  4716. 182928,en,15,giddhin,giddhin,Giddhin,Giddhin,(adj.fr.prec.) greedy,usually --° greedy for,desirous after Pv IV.10<sup>7</sup> (āhāra°) f.<i>giddhinī:</i> gāvī vaccha° Vin.I,193; S.IV,181.Cp.also paligedhin.(Page 250),7,1
  4717. 182934,en,15,giha,giha,Giha,Giha,[=gaha] only in <i>agiha</i> (adj.) houseless,homeless (=pabbajita,a Wanderer); poet.for anagāra Sn.456,464,487,497.(Page 251),4,1
  4718. 183030,en,15,gihin,gihin,Gihin,Gihin,(adj.-n.) [fr.gaha,cp.gaha &#38; geha; Sk.gṛhin] a householder,one who leads a domestic life,a layman (opp.pabbajita &#38; paribbājaka).Geu.sg.gihissa (D.III,147,167) &#38; gihino (D.III,174); n.pl.gihī; in cpds.<i>gihī° </i>&<i> gihi°</i> (usually the latter).gihī agāraṃ ajjhāvasantā A.I,49; gihī odātavasanā (clad in white robes as distinguished fr.kasāva-vasanā the yellowrobed i.e.bhikkhus) D.I,211; III,117,124,210; M.I,340; III,261; A.I,74.-- Contrasted with <i>pabbajitā</i>:A.I,69; D.III,147,167,179.gihī dhaññena dhanena vaḍḍhati D.III,165.-- Other passages in general:S.II,120,269; III,11; IV,180,300 sq.; A.II,65; 69 (kāmabhogī); IV,438 (do.); D.III,124 (do.); A.III,211 (sambodhiparāyano); IV,345 sq.; D.III,167 sq.; 171 sq.; 176,192; Sn.220,221,404; Dh.74; Miln.19,264; DhA.I,16 (gihīniyāma); Sdhp.376,426; PvA.13 (gihīkālato paṭṭhāya from the time of our laymanship); DhA.II,49 (id.).<br><br> <i>--kicca</i> a layman’s or householder’s duties Pv IV.1<sup>42</sup> (=kuṭumba-kiccāni PvA.240); <i>--dhamma</i> a layman’s duty A.III,41; <i>--parisā</i> a congregation of laymen S.I,111; M.I,373; A.III,184; <i>--bandhanāni</i> (pl.) a layman’s fetters Sn.44 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 228 puttā ca dāsī dāsā ca,etc.); <i>--byañjanāni</i> (pl.) characteristics of a layman,or of a man of the world (w.ref.to articles of dress &#38; ornament) Sn.44,64 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 229); Miln.11; <i>--bhūta</i> as a householder D.II,196; <i>--bhoga</i> riches of a worldly man S.III,93; It.90; <i>--liṅga</i> characteristic of a layman DhA.II,61.<i>--saṃsagga</i> association with laymen A.III,116,258; <i>--saṃyojana</i> the impediments of a householder (cp.°bandhanāni) M.I,483; <i>--sukha</i> the welfare of a g.A.I,80.(Page 251),5,1
  4719. 183200,en,15,gijjha,gijjha,Gijjha,Gijjha,[Vedic gṛdhra,cp.gijjhati] 1.(m.) a vulture.Classed with kāka,crow &#38; kulala,hawk M.I,88; (kākā+),364 (in simile,with kaṅkā &#38; kulatā) 429 (do.); Sn.201 (kākā+); PvA.198 (+kulalā).It occurs also in the form gaddha.-- 2.(adj.) greedy,desirous of (-°):kāma° J.I,210 (cp.giddha); cp.paṭi°.<br><br> <i>--kūṭa</i> “Vulture’s Peak” Np.of a hill near Rājagaha Vin.II,193; DhA.I,140; PvA.10 and passim.<i>--potaka</i> the young of a vulture Vism.537 (in simile).(Page 250),6,1
  4720. 183270,en,15,gijjhati,gijjhati,Gijjhati,Gijjhati,[Sk.gṛdhyati,to Lat.gradior?] to desire,to long for,to wish:pp.gaddha &#38; giddha.Cp.abhi°,pali°.‹-› pp.(Pass.) <i>gijjhita</i> Th.2,152 (=paccāsiṃsita ThA).(Page 250),8,1
  4721. 183299,en,15,gilana,gilana,Gilana,Gilana,(nt.) [fr.gilati] devouring,swallowing Miln.101.(Page 251),6,1
  4722. 183309,en,15,gilana,gilāna,Gilāna,Gilāna,(adj.) [Sk.glāna,<em>glā</em> to fade,wither,be exhausted,expl<sup>d</sup> suitably by “hāsa-kkhaya” at Dhtp 439] sick,ill Vin.I,51,53,61,92,142 sq.,176,302 sq.; II,165,227 sq.; IV,88,etc.; S.V,80,81 (bāḷha° very ill); A.I,120=Pug.27; A.III,38,143 sq.; IV,333; V,72 sq.; J.I,150; II,395; III,392; PvA.14; VvA.76.<br><br> <i>--ālaya</i> pretence of illness J.VI,262.<i>--upaṭṭhāka</i> (f.--ī) one who attends to the sick Vin.I,92,121 sq.; 142 sq.; 161,303,A.I,26; III,143 sq.; --°bhatta food for the attendant or nurse Vin.I,292 sq.; <i>--upaṭṭhāna</i> tending or nursing the sick D.III,191; <i>--paccaya</i> support or help for the sick PvA.144; usually with °bhesajja medicine for the sick in freq.formula of cīvarapiṇḍapāta° (the requisites of the bhikkhu):see cīvara; <i>--pucchaka</i> one who asks (i.e.enquires after) the sick Vin.IV,88=115,118; <i>--bhatta</i> food for the sick Vin.I,142 sq.; 292 sq.; 303; Vism.66.<i>--bhesajja</i> medicine Vin.I,292 sq.; <i>--sālā</i> a hall for the sick,hospital S.IV,210; A.III,142; Vism.259.(Page 251),6,1
  4723. 183336,en,15,gilanaka,gilānaka,Gilānaka,Gilānaka,(adj.) 1.ill (=gilāna) A.III,142; -- 2.fit for an illness (bhesajja medicine) Miln.74.<i>Gilāyati:</i> see āgilāyati.(Page 251),8,1
  4724. 183479,en,15,gilati,gilati,Gilati,Gilati,[Vedic girati &#38; gilati Dhtp 488:adane; cp.gala throat,Ohg.kela,E.gullet; see note on gala] to swallow,to devour:mā Rāhu gilī caraṃ antalikkhe S.I,51=VvA.116; mā gilī lohagulaṃ Dh.371; -- J.III,338; Miln.106.--pp.<i>gilita:</i> gilitabaḷisa having swallowed the hook S.IV,159.Cp.ud°,o°,pari°; -- Caus.gilāpeti to make swallow J.III,338.(Page 251),6,1
  4725. 183541,en,15,gimha,gimha,Gimha,Gimha,[Vedic grīṣma] I.(sg.) heat,in special application to the atmosphere:hot part (of the day or year),hot season,summer; a summer month.Always used in Loc.as a designation of time.1.of the day:VvA.40 (°samaye; v.l.gimhānamāse).-- 2.of summer:usually in comb<sup>n</sup> w.and in contrast to hemanta winter:hemanta-gimhisu in w. &#38; s.Dh.286 (cp.gimhika for °isu).Miln.274; Dpvs.I,55; Vism.231 (°âbhitatta worn out by the heat); Sdhp.275 (°kāle).In enum<sup>n</sup> w.other seasons:<i>vasse hemante gimhe</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 631 (sadā); vasanta gimhādika utū PvA.135.-- 3.of a summer month; paṭhamasmiṃ gimhe Sn.233 (see KhA 192 for expl<sup>n</sup>) -- II.(pl.) <i>gimhā</i> the hot months,the season of summer,in <i>°naṃ pacchime māse</i>,in the last month of summer M.I,79; S.III,141; V,50,321; Vv 79<sup>5</sup> (=āsāḷhimāse VvA.307).(Page 251),5,1
  4726. 183563,en,15,gimhana,gimhāna,Gimhāna,Gimhāna,(adj.-n.) [orig.Gen.pl.of gimhā=gimhānaṃ,fr.comb<sup>n</sup> <i>gimhāna(ṃ) māse</i>,in a month of summer] of summer,summerly,the summer season A.IV,138 (+hemanta &#38; vassa); Sn.233 (gimhānamāse); VvA.40 (v.l.).On terms for seasons in Gen.cp.Miln.trsl.II.113.(Page 251),7,1
  4727. 183592,en,15,gimhika,gimhika,Gimhika,Gimhika,(adj.fr.gimha) summerly,relating to the summer,for the summer Vin.I,15; D.II,21 (+vassika &#38; hemantika).(Page 251),7,1
  4728. 183599,en,15,gingamaka,giṅgamaka,Giṅgamaka,Giṅgamaka,(v.l.BB kiṅkamaka) a sort of ornament J.VI,590.(Page 250),9,1
  4729. 183609,en,15,gini,gini,Gini,Gini,(poet.) [Vedic agni; this the aphetic form,arisen in a comb<sup>n</sup> like mahāgni=mahā-gini,as against the usual assimilation aggi] fire A.III,347 (mahāgini); Sn.18,19 (āhito › nibbuto:made › extinguished); J.IV,26.‹-› Note.The occurrence of two phonetic representatives of one Vedic form (one by diæresis &#38; one by contraction) is common in words containing a liquid or nasal element (l.r.n; cp.note on gala),e.g.supina &#38; soppa (Sk.svapna),abhikkhaṇa and abhiṇha (abhīkṣṇa),silesuma &#38; semha (śleṣman) gaḷagaḷa &#38; gaggara (gargara),etc.(Page 250),4,1
  4730. 183621,en,15,ginjaka,giñjakā,Giñjakā,Giñjakā,(f.) a brick,in <i>°āvasatha</i> a house of bricks,as N pl.“the Brick Hall” D.I,91; Vin.I,232; M.I,205.(Page 250),7,1
  4731. 183649,en,15,gira,girā,Girā,Girā,[Vedic gir &#38; gēr,song; gṛṇāti to praise,announce gūrti praise=Lat.grates “grace”; to <i>*ger</i> or <i>*gǔer</i>,see note on gala] utterance (orig.song,important utterance,still felt as such in older Pāli,therefore mostly poetical),speech,words D.III,174; Sn.350,632,690,1132; Dh.408; Th.2,316,402; Vv 50<sup>18</sup> (=vācā VvA); Dhs.637,720; DhsA.93; DA.I,61 (aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ giraṃ),J.II,134.(Page 251),4,1
  4732. 183680,en,15,giri,giri,Giri,Giri,[Vedic giri,Obulg.gora mountain] a mountain; as a rule only in cpds,by itself (poetical) only at Vism.206 (in enum<sup>n</sup> of the 7 large mountains).<br><br> <i>--agga</i> mountain top,in giraggasamajja N.of a festival celebrated yearly at Rājagaha,orig.a festival on the mountain top (cp.Dial.I.8 &#38; Vin.Texts III,71).Vin.II,107,150; IV,85,267; J.III,538; DhA.I,89.The BSk.version is girivaggu-samāgama AvŚ II.24; <i>--kannikā</i> (f.) N.of a plant (Clitoria ternatea) Vism.173; DhA.I,383 (v.l.kaṇṇikā cp.Sk.°karnī;) <i>--gabbhara</i>=°guhā Sn.416; <i>--guhā</i> a mountain cleft,a rift,a gorge; always in formula pabbata kandara g°,therefore almost equivalent to kandara,a grotto or cave Vin.II,146; D.I,71= M.I,269,274,346,440=A.II,210=Pug.59 (as giriṃ guhaṃ); A.IV,437; expl.at DA.I,210:dvinnaṃ pabbatānaṃ antaraṃ ekasmiṃ yeva vā ummagga-sadisaṃ mahā-vivaraṃ; <i>--bbaja</i> (nt.) [Etym.uncertain,according to Morris J.P.T.S.1884,79 to vaja “a pen,” cp.Marāthī vraja “a station of cowherds,” Hindi vraja “a cow-pen”; the Vedic giribhraj° (RV.X.68.1) “aus Bergen hervorbrechend” (Roth) suggests relation to <em>bhraj</em>,to break=<em>bhañj</em>=Lat.frango]=°guhā,a mountain cave or gorge,serving as shelter &#38; hiding place J.III,479 (trsl.by Morris Loc.cit.a hill-run,a cattle-run on the hills); V,260 (sīhassa,a lion’s abode) expl<sup>d</sup> as kañcanaguhā ibid.(for kandara-guhā? cp.Kern,Toev.p.130).S.II,185.Also N.for Rājagaha Sn.408; Dpvs.V,5; in its Sk.form Girivraja,which Beal,Buddh.Records II.149 expl<sup>s</sup> as “the hill-surrounded,” cp.ib.II.158 (=Chin.Shan-Shing),161; see also Cunningham,Ancient Geogr.462.It does not occur in the Avadānas; <i>--rājā</i> king of the mountains,of Mount Sineru Miln.21,224; <i>--sikhara</i> mountain top,peak VvA.4; (kañcana°,shining).(Page 251),4,1
  4733. 183899,en,15,giriya,giriyā,Giriyā,Giriyā,(pl.) in dhamma° &#38; brahma°,a name of certain theatrical entertainers Miln.191.(Page 251),6,1
  4734. 183911,en,15,gita,gīta,Gīta,Gīta,[pp.of gāyati] 1.(pp.) sung,recited,solemnly proclaimed,enunciated:mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ D.I,104 (cp.gira).-- 2.(nt.) singing,a song; grouped under vācasikā khiḍḍā,musical pastimes at Nd<sup>2</sup> 219; SnA 86.Usually comb<sup>d</sup> with nacca,dancing:A.I,261; Vv81<sup>10</sup> as naca gītādi J.I,61; VvA.131; referring to nacca-gīta-vādita,dancing with singing &#38; instrumental accompaniment D.III,183 (under samajja,kinds of festivities); Vv 32<sup>4</sup>.Same with visūkadassana,pantomimic show at D.I,5≈(cp.DA.I,77; KhA 36).<br><br> <i>--rava</i> sound of song Mhvs VII.30; <i>--sadda</i> id.J.IV,3; Dhs.621; DhA.I,15; <i>--ssara</i> id.Vin.II,108; A.III,251; J.III,188.(Page 251),4,1
  4735. 183923,en,15,gitaka,gītaka,Gītaka,Gītaka,(nt.) &#38; gītikā (f.) a little song J.III,507.(Page 252),6,1
  4736. 183971,en,15,giva,gīvā,Gīvā,Gīvā,(f.) [Sk.grīvā,to <i>*gǔer</i> to swallow,as signifying throat:see note on gala for etym.] the neck Sn.609; J.I,74 (°ṃ pasāreti to stretch forth),167 (pasārita°),207,222,265; III,52; VvA.27 (mayūra°),157; DA.I,296 (°āya kuṇḍa-daṇḍaka-bandhana,as exhibition &#38; punishment):similarly in the sense of “life” (hinting at decapitation) J.II,300 (°ṃ karissāmi “I shall go for his neck”); IV,431=V.23.-- Syn.kaṇṭha the primary meaning of which is neck,whereas gīvā orig.throat.(Page 252),4,1
  4737. 184027,en,15,giveyyaka,gīveyyaka,Gīveyyaka,Gīveyyaka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.graiveyaka] necklace,an ornament for the neck (orig.“something belonging to the neck,” cp.necklet,bracelet,etc.) Vin.I,287; A.I,254 sq.(=Vism.247,where gīveyya only); 257; III,16; J.IV,395 (gīveyya only); V,297; VI,590; VvA.104.(Page 252),9,1
  4738. 184064,en,15,go,go,Go,Go,(m.-f.) [Vedic go,Lat.bos,Gr.bou_s,Ohg.chuo,Ags.cū=E.cow] a cow,an ox,bull,pl.cattle.For f.cp.gāvī; see also gava° for cpds.-- Sg.Nom.go (Sn.580,also in composition,cp.aja-go-mahisādi PvA.80=pasū); Gen.gavassa (M.I,429); Instr.gavena,gāvena; Acc.gavaṃ,gāvan; Abl.gavamhā,gavā (D.I,201=A.II,95= Pug.69); Loc.gavamhi,gāvimhi (SnA 323),gave (Sn.310).-- Pl.Nom.gāvo (D.I,141; M.I,225; A.I,205; II,42 sq.; Sn.20,296,307; J.I,295); Gen.gonaṃ A.II,75 (cp.Vedic gonām),gavaṃ (J.IV,172,cp.gavaṃ pati),gunnaṃ (A.I,229,II.75; V,271; J.I,194; III,112; IV,223); Instr.gohi (Sn.33); Acc.gāvo (M.I,225; A.I,205; Sn.304; Dh.19,135); Abl.gohi; Loc.gosu,gavesu.-- See also gava,gavesati,goṇa.<br><br> <i>--kaṇṭaka</i> the hoof of an ox,in °haṭā bhūmi,trampled by the feet of cattle Vin.I,195; A.I,136 (cp.Vin.Texts II.34); <i>--kaṇṇa</i> a large species of deer J.V,406 (=gaṇin),416 (khagga+); DhsA.331 (gavaya+); cp.next; <i>--kāṇā</i> (f.) =gokaṇṇa D.III,38=53; <i>--kula</i> (nt.) a cow pen,a station of cattle S.IV,289; <i>--gaṇa</i> a herd of cattle M.I,220; A.I,229; J.II,127; DhA.I,175; VvA.311; <i>--ghaṃsikā</i> a cow-hide (?).Vin.II,117 (cp.Vin.Texts III,98); <i>--ghātaka</i> one who kills cows,a butcher D.II,294 (in simile); M.I,58,244,364 (°sūnā,slaughter-house); S.II,255; IV,56; A.III,302,380; J.V,270; Vism.348 (in simile).<i>--cara</i> I.Lit.<I>A</I>.(noun-m.) pasture,lit.“a cow’s grazing,” search after food; fodder,food,subsistence (a) of animals:J.I,221; III,26; Dh.135 (daṇḍena gopālo gāvo pāceti gocaraṃ:with a stick the cowherd drives the cattle to pasture).Sīho gocarāya pakkamati “the lion goes forth for his huut” A.II,33= III,121; gocarāya gacchati to go feeding,to graze Sn.39; J.I,243; gocare carati to go feeding,to feed J.I,242.‹-› (b) metaph.of persons,esp.the bhikkhu:pucchitabba gocara (and agocara) “enquiries have to be made concerning the fitness or otherwise of his pasturage (i.e.the houses in which he begs for food)” Vin.II,208; samaṇo gocarato nivatto an ascetic returned from his “grazing” Pv IV.1<sup>42</sup>:Similarly at Vism.127,where a suitable g.-gama ranks as one of the 7 desiderata for one intent on meditation.-- <I>B</I>.(adj.) (-°) feeding on or in,living in; metaph.dealing with,mixing with.vana° living in the woods Pv.II,6<sup>5</sup>; vāri° (in water) Sn.605; jala° (id.) J.II,158 (opp.thala°).Vesiyā° (etc.) associating with v.Vin.I,70.-- II.Applied.<I>A</I>.(noun-m.or nt.) a “field” (of sense perception,etc.),sphere,object; --° food for,an object of (a) psychologically indriyānaṃ nānāgocarāni various spheres of sense-perception S.V,218; sense-object (=ārammaṇaṃ) Ps.I,180; II,97; 150 sq.; DhsA.314,315 (sampatta° physical contact with an object,gandha° smell-contact,i.e.sensation); indriya° Sdhp.365.-- (b) ethically:ariyānaṃ gocare ratā “finding delight in the pasture of the good,” walking in the ways of the good Dh.22; vimokho yesaṃ gocaro “whose pasture is liberty” Dh.92=Th.1,92.Esp.in phrase ācāra-gocara-sampanna “pasturing in the field of good conduct” D.I,63=It.118; M.I,33; S.V,187; It.96; analysed as Dvandva cpd.at Vbh.246,247,but cp.pāpācāra-gocara Sn.280,282.This phrase (ācāra-gocara) is also discussed in detail at Vism.19,where 3 kinds of gocarā are distinguished,viz.upanissaya°,ārakkha°,upanibandha°.So also in contrast w.<i>agocara</i>,an unfit pasture,or an unfit,i.e.bad,sphere of life,in gocare &#38; agocare carati to move in a congenial or uncongenial sphere A.III,389; IV,345 sq.; D.III,58=77; S.V,147; Vbh.246,247 (expl.w.vesiyā° etc.,cp.above=having bad associations).-- <I>B</I>.(adj.) --°:belonging to,dependent on,falling to the share of:eta° dependent on this M.I,319; sattasaddhamma°,moving in the sphere of the seven golden rules S.III,83; rūpa° to be perceived by sight J.I,396; Nibbāna° belonging to N.Sdhp.467.--°kusala (adj.) skilled in (finding proper) food; clever in right living --° behaving properly in,exercising properly M.I,220=A.V,347 (of a cowherd driving out his cattle); S.III,266 sq.(samādhi°); A.III,311 (do.) V.352 sq.(w.ref.to cattāro satipaṭṭhānā); --°gahaṇa the taking of food,feeding J.I,242; --°gāma a village for the supply of food (for the bhikkhus) PvA.12,42; --°ṭṭhāna pasturage J.III,52; --°pasuta intent on feeding J.III,26; --°bhūmi pasturage,a common DhA.III,60; --°visaya (the sphere of) an object of sense S.V,218; Vbh.319; <i>--caraṇa</i> pasturing J.VI,335; <i>--ṭṭha</i> (nt.) [Sk.goṣṭha to <em>sthā</em> to stand; cp.Lat.stabulum,stable; super-stes; Goth.awistr] a cow-stable,cow-pen M.I,79; J.IV,223; <i>--pa</i> [Sk.gopa,cp.gopati] a cowherd,herdsman Sn.18; Dh.19; J.IV,364 (a robber); Vism.166 (in simile); DhA 157,f.gopī Sn.22,32; <i>--pakhuma</i> (adj.) having eyelashes like a heifer D.II,18; III,144,167 sq.; VvA.162,279 (=āḷārapamha); <i>--pada</i> a cow’s footprint,a puddle A.III,188; IV,102; Miln.287; also <i>°padaka</i> A.III,188 v.l.; DA.I,283; <i>--pariṇāyaka</i> leader of the cows,Ep.of a bull (gopitā+) M.I,220,225; <i>--pāla</i> a cowherd (usually as °ka) Dh.135; <i>--pālaka</i>=prec.Vin.I,152,243 sq.; M.I,79,115 sq.,220=A.V,347; M.I,333; S.IV,181; A.I,205 (-°uposatha); Miln.18,48; Vism.279 (in comparison); DhA.III,59; <i>--pitā</i> “father (protector) of the cows”=gavaṃ pati,Ep.of a bull M.I,220 (+°pariṇāyaka); <i>--pī</i> f.of gopa,q.v.; <i>--pura</i> (nt.) [Sk.gopura] the gate of a city J.VI,433; Miln.1,67,330; Bdhd 138; <i>--balivadda</i> in °nayena; in the expression gobalivadda (black-cattle-bull) i.e.by an accumulation of words VvA.258; <i>--bhatta</i> cows’fodder J.IV,67; <i>--maṇḍala</i> ox-beat,ox-round,Cp.III,15<sup>1</sup> (as gā°),quoted J.I,47 (cp.assa-m°); SnA 39; also in phrase °paribbūḷha Sn.301 (expl<sup>d</sup> by SnA 320 as goyūthehi parikiṇṇa); J.VI,27; at M.I,79 however it means the cowherds or peasants (see note M.I,536:gopāladārakā or gāmadārakā to v.l.gāmaṇḍala) cp.gāmaṇḍala; <i>--maya</i> (m.nt.) cowdung M.I,79; A.I,209,295; V,234,250,263 sq.; Nett 23; DhA.I,377.--°pāṇaka a coprophagan,dor beetle J.II,156; --°piṇda a lump of cowdung J.I,242; --°bhakkha eating cowdung D.I,166≈; <i>--māyu</i> a jackal Pgdp 49; <i>--mutta</i> (and °ka) a precious stone of light red colour VvA.III; DhsA.151; <i>--medaka</i>=gomuttaka VvA.111.; <i>--medha</i> a cow sacrifice,in °yañña SnA 323; <i>--yūtha</i> a herd of cows SnA 322; DhA.I,323; <i>--rakkhā</i> (f.) cow-keeping,tending cattle,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with kasī,agriculturing M.I,85; Pv.I,5<sup>6</sup>; J.I,338; II,128; given as a superior profession (ukkaṭṭha-kamma) Vin.IV,6.<i>--ravaka</i> the bellowing of a cow M.I,225; <i>--rasa</i> (usually pl.) produce of the cow,enum<sup>d</sup> in set of five,viz.khīra,dadhi,takka,navanīta,sappi (milk,cream,buttermilk,butter,ghee) Vin.I,244; DhA.I,158,323,397; VvA.147; SnA 322; <i>--rūpa</i> (collect.) cattle J.I,194; IV,173; Miln.396 (bull); <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> fortune telling from cows D.I,9≈; <i>--vaccha</i> (khīra° &#38; takka°) Vism.28.<i>--vatika</i> [Sk.govratin] one who lives after the mode of cows,of bovine practices M.I,387; Nett 99 (cp.govata DhsA.355,and Dhs.trsl.p.261); <i>--vikattana</i> (and °vikantana; Sk.vikṛntana) a butcher’s knife M.I,244,449; A.III,380 Sdhp.381 (vikatta only); <i>--vittaka</i> one whose wealth is cattle J.I,191; <i>--vinda</i> the supt.of cowherds A.III,373; <i>--sappi</i> ghee from cow’s milk Vin.III,251; DhsA.320; <i>--sālā</i> cow-stable A.I,188; <i>--siṅga</i> a cow’s horn Vism.254.<i>--sita</i> mixed with milk VvA.179; <i>--sīla</i>=govatika DhsA.355; <i>--sīsa</i> (nt.) an excellent kind of sandal wood PvA.215 (cp.Sp.AvS.I,67,68,109); <i>--hanuka</i> the jaw bone of a cow,in <i>°ena koṭṭāpeti</i> (koṭṭh° J) to massage with a cow’s jaw bone Vin.II,266,J.IV,188; V,303.(Page 254),2,1
  4739. 184315,en,15,godha,godhā,Godhā,Godhā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) string of a lute J.VI,580 (cp.RV.8,58,9).(Page 255),5,1
  4740. 184316,en,15,godha,godhā,Godhā,Godhā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [Sk.godhā] iguana,a large kind of lizard Vin.I,215--16 (°mukha); D.I,9≈(°lakkhaṇa,cp.DA.I,94); J.II,118; III,52; 538; DhA.III,420.As godha (m.) at J.V,489.Dimin.golikā at J.II,147.(Page 255),5,1
  4741. 184334,en,15,godhaka,godhaka,Godhaka,Godhaka,a kind of bird J.VI,358.(Page 255),7,1
  4742. 184392,en,15,godharani,godharaṇī,Godharaṇī,Godharaṇī,(f.-adj.) being able to be paired (of a young cow),or being with calf (?) Sn.26.(Page 255),9,1
  4743. 184445,en,15,godhuma,godhūma,Godhūma,Godhūma,wheat (usually mentioned with yava,spelt) Miln.267; DA.I,163; SnA 323.See dhañña.(Page 255),7,1
  4744. 184609,en,15,golaka,goḷaka,Goḷaka,Goḷaka,a ball ThA.255 (kīḷā°).(Page 256),6,1
  4745. 184624,en,15,golika,golikā,Golikā,Golikā,see godhā<sup>1</sup>.(Page 256),6,1
  4746. 184650,en,15,golomika,golomika,Golomika,Golomika,(adj.) [inverted diæretic form fr.Sk.gulma=P.gumba:viz.*golmika›*golmika›golomika] like a cluster; in phrase <i>massuṃ golomikaṃ kārāpeti</i> “to have the beard trimmed into a ball- or cluster-shape” Vin.II,134.Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> “like a goat’s beard” (cp.Vin.Texts III,138) is based on pop.etym.go+loma+ ika “cow-hair-like,” the discrepancy being that go does not mean goat.(Page 256),8,1
  4747. 184756,en,15,gomika,gomika,Gomika,Gomika,[Sk.gomin] an owner of cows S.I,6=Sn.33,34.(Page 256),6,1
  4748. 184797,en,15,gona,goṇa,Goṇa,Goṇa,<sup>2</sup> =goṇaka<sup>2</sup>,in <i>°santhata</i> (of a pallaṅka),covered with a woollen rug Vv 81<sup>8</sup>; Pv III,1<sup>17</sup>; (text saṇṭhita; v.l.BB goṇakatthata,cp.next).(Page 255),4,1
  4749. 184798,en,15,gona,goṇa,Goṇa,Goṇa,<sup>1</sup> [The Sanskrit goṇa,according to B.R.,is derived from the Pali] an ox,a bullock S.IV,195 sq.; J.I,194; IV,67; Pv.I,8<sup>2</sup>; PvA.39,40; VvA.63 (for ploughing); DA.I,163; DhA.III,60.<i>--°sira</i> wild ox J.VI,538(=araññagoṇaka).(Page 255),4,1
  4750. 184822,en,15,gonaka,goṇaka,Goṇaka,Goṇaka,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.BSk.goṇika,cp.Pischel,Beitr.III,236; also spelled gonaka] a woollen cover with long fleece (DA.I,86:dīghalomako mahākojavo; caturaṅgulādhikāni kira tassa lomāni) D.I,7≈; S.III,144; J.V,506; Pv.II,12<sup>8</sup>; Th.2,378 (+tūlika); ThA.253 (=dīgha-lomakāḷakojava).<i>--°atthata</i> spread w.a goṇaka-cover A.I,137= III,50=IV.394; cp.IV.94,231 (always of a <i>pallaṅka)</i>,See also goṇa<sup>2</sup>.(Page 255),6,1
  4751. 184823,en,15,gonaka,goṇaka,Goṇaka,Goṇaka,<sup>1</sup> [goṇa<sup>1</sup>] a kind of ox,a wild bull J.VI,538 <i>(arañña°)</i>.(Page 255),6,1
  4752. 184914,en,15,gonisadika,goṇisādika,Goṇisādika,Goṇisādika,an ox-stall Vin.I,240; cp.Vin.Texts II.121.As gonisādi Vin.III,46.(Page 255),10,1
  4753. 184950,en,15,gopaka,gopaka,Gopaka,Gopaka,a guardian,watchman DA.I,148; cp.khetta°.(Page 255),6,1
  4754. 185058,en,15,gopana,gopanā,Gopanā,Gopanā,(f.) protecting,protection,care,watchfulness (cp.gutti) Pug.24 (+gutti) Dhs.1347; Miln.8,243.(Page 255),6,1
  4755. 185069,en,15,gopanasi,gopānasī,Gopānasī,Gopānasī,(f.) a beam supporting the framework of a roof,shaped *l; fig.of old people,bent by age (see °vaṅka).Vin.III,65,81; S.II,263; III,156; V,43,228; M.I,80; A.I,261; III,364; V,21; Vism.320; DhA.II,190; VvA.188.<br><br> <i>--gaṇā</i> (pl.) a collection of beams,the rafters Vv 78<sup>4</sup>; <i>--bhogga</i> (-sama) bent like a rafter (nārī) J.III,395; <i>--vaṅka</i> (gopānasi°) as crooked as a rafter (of old people,cp.BSk.gopānasī-vakra AvŚ II.25<sup>n5</sup>) S.I,117; M.I,88; A.I,138.(Page 255),8,1
  4756. 185171,en,15,gopeti,gopeti,Gopeti,Gopeti,[Sk.gopayati,<i>gup;</i> cp.gutta,gottā] to watch,guard,pot.gopetha Dh.315; -- pp.<i>gopita</i> (q.v.).(Page 255),6,1
  4757. 185213,en,15,gopita,gopita,Gopita,Gopita,(adj.) [pp.of gopeti] protected,guarded,watched (lit. &#38; fig.) J.VI,367; Miln.345; SnA 116 (°indriya= guttindriya); Sdhp.398.(Page 255),6,1
  4758. 185253,en,15,gopphaka,gopphaka,Gopphaka,Gopphaka,[Dem.of goppha=Sk.gulpha] the ankle Vin.IV,112; A.IV,102; J.V,472; DhA.II,80,214; SnA.II,230.(Page 256),8,1
  4759. 185553,en,15,gotaviya,goṭaviya,Goṭaviya,Goṭaviya,(goṭavisa Text) v.l.J.VI,225,part of a boat,the poop (expl.ib.p.226 by nāvāya pacchimabandho).(Page 255),8,1
  4760. 185566,en,15,gothaphala,goṭhaphala,Goṭhaphala,Goṭhaphala,a medicinal seed [Sk.gotravṛkṣa? Kern] Vin.I,201.(Page 255),10,1
  4761. 185582,en,15,gotrabhu,gotrabhū,Gotrabhū,Gotrabhū,“become of the lineage”; a technical term used from the end of the Nikāya period to designate one,whether layman or bhikkhu,who,as converted,was no longer of the worldlings (puthujjanā),but of the Ariyas,having Nibbāna as his aim.It occurs in a supplementary Sutta in the Majjhima (Vol.III,256),and in another,found in two versions,at the end of the Aṅguttara (A.IV,373 and V.23).Defined at Pug.12,13 &#38; Vism.138; amplified at Ps.I,66--68,frequent in P (Tikap.154 sq.,165,324 etc.),mentioned at VvA.155.On the use of <i>gotrabhū</i> in medieval psychology see Aung,in Compendium,66--68.Comp.the use of upanissaya at J.I,235.-- °ñāṇa,PPA 184; Vism.673.° Vism.683.(Page 255),8,1
  4762. 185637,en,15,gotta,gotta,Gotta,Gotta,(nt.) [Vedic gotra,to go] ancestry,lineage.There is no word in English for <i>gotta</i>.It includes all those descended,or supposed to be descended,from a common ancestor.A <i>gotta</i> name is always distinguished from the personal name,the name drawn from place of origin or residence,or from occupation,and lastly from the nick-name.It probably means agnate rather than cognate.About a score of <i>gotta</i> names are known.They are all assigned to the Buddha’s time.See also Rh.D.Dialogues I.27,195 sq.--jāti gotta lakkhaṇa Sn.1004; gotta salakkhaṇa Sn.1018; Ādiccā nāma gottena,Sākiyā nāma jātiyā Sn.423; jāti gotta kula J.II,3; jātiyā gottena bhogena sadisa “equal in rank,lineage &#38; wealth” DhA.II,218.-- evaṃ-gotta (adj.) belonging to such &#38; such an ancestry M.I,429; II,20,33; kathaṃ° of what lineage,or:what is your family name? D.I,92; nānā° (pl.) of various families Pv.II,9<sup>16</sup>.-- With nāma (name &#38; lineage,or nomen et cognomen):nāmagottaṃ Vin.I,93; II,239; D.I,92 (expl.at DA.I,257:paññatti-vasena nāmaṃ paveṇi-vasena gottaṃ:the name for recognition,the surname for lineage); Sn.648; Vv 84<sup>45</sup> (with nāma &#38; nāmadheyya; expl.at VvA.348‹-› 349:nāmadheyya,as Tisso,Phusso,etc.; gotta,as Bhaggavo Bhāradvājo,etc.).-- <i>gottena</i> by the ancestral name:Vin.I,93; D.II,154; Sn.1019; Dh.393; <i>gottato</i> same J.I,56.Examples:Ambaṭṭha Kaṇhāyana-gottena D.I,92; Vipassī Koṇḍañño g°; Kakusandho Kassapo g°; Bhagavā Gotamo g° D.II,3; Nāgito Kassapo g° DA.I,310; Vasudevo Kaṇho g° PvA.94.<br><br> <i>--thaddha</i> conceited as regards descent (+jāti° &#38; dhana°) Sn.104; <i>--pañha</i> question after one’s family name Sn.456; <i>--paṭisārin</i> (adj.) relying on lineage D.I,99 (cp.Dialogues I.122); A.V,327 sq.; <i>--bandhava</i> connected by family ties (ñāti°+) Nd<sup>2</sup> 455; <i>--rakkhita</i> protected by a (good) name Sn.315; VvA.72; <i>--vāda</i> talk over lineage,boasting as regards descent D.I,99.(Page 255),5,1
  4763. 185645,en,15,gotta,gottā,Gottā,Gottā,[n.ag.to gopeti=Sk.goptṛ] f.gottī protectress J.V,329.(Page 255),5,1
  4764. 185844,en,15,gu,gū,Gū,Gū,(-°) [fr.<em>gam</em>,cp.°ga] going,having gone (through),being skilled or perfected in.See addha°,anta°,chanda°,dhamma°,paṭṭha°,pāra,veda°.(Page 253),2,1
  4765. 185847,en,15,gucch°,gucch°,Gucch°,Gucch°,in jigucchati (Des.of <em>gup</em>=Sk.jugupsate) to detest,see s.v.(Page 252),6,1
  4766. 185873,en,15,guggula,guggula,Guggula,Guggula,[?] a kind of perfume J.VI,537.(Page 252),7,1
  4767. 185893,en,15,guha,guhā,Guhā,Guhā,(f.) [Vedic guhā,<em>guh</em>,gūhati to hide (q.v.) Dhtp 337:saṃvaraṇa] a hiding place,a cave,cavern (cp.kandara &#38; see giriguhā); fig.the heart (in °āsaya).According to Bdhgh.(on Vin.I,58,see Vin.Texts I.174) “a hut of bricks,or in a rock,or of wood.” Vin.I,58,96,107,239,284; II,146; III,155; IV,48 (cp.sattapaṇṇi-guhā); Sn.772,958; J.II,418; VI,574; Vv 50<sup>16</sup>.<br><br> <i>--āsaya</i> hiding in the heart; or the shelter of the heart A.IV,98 (maccupāso+); J.V,367 (id.); Dh.37 (cittaṃ; see DhA.I,304).(Page 253),4,1
  4768. 185917,en,15,guhana,guhanā,Guhanā,Guhanā,(f.abstr.to gūhati) hiding,concealing,keeping secret Vbh.358 (+pariguhanā).Also as gūhanā,q.v.(Page 253),6,1
  4769. 185923,en,15,guhana,gūhana,Gūhana,Gūhana,(nt.) hiding,concealment Sdhp.65 (laddhi°-citta).(Page 253),6,1
  4770. 185930,en,15,guhana,gūhanā,Gūhanā,Gūhanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.gūhati]=gūhanā (q.v.) Pug.19.Cp.<i>pari°</i>.(Page 253),6,1
  4771. 185954,en,15,guhati,gūhati,Gūhati,Gūhati,[Sk.gūhati,pp.gūḍha; see guyha,guhā,etc.] to hide,to conceal.See paṭi°,pari°.-- Caus.<i>gūhayati</i> Sdhp.189 (gūhayaṃ ppr.).Cp.gūḷha.(Page 253),6,1
  4772. 185995,en,15,gula,guḷa,Guḷa,Guḷa,<sup>3</sup> [for guṇa<sup>2</sup>,due to distance dissimilation in maṇiguṇa and mālāguṇa›maṇigula and mālāgula; cp.similarly in meaning and form Ohg.chliuwa›Ger.knäuel] a cluster,a chain (?),in <i>maṇi°</i> a cluster of jewels,always in simile with ref.to sparkling eyes “maniguḷa-sadisāni akkhīni” J.I,149; III,126,184 (v.l.BB °guḷika); IV,256 (v.l.id.); <i>mālā°</i> a cluster,a chain of flowers,a garland J.I,73,54; <i>puppha°</i> id.Dh.172,233.(Page 253),4,1
  4773. 185996,en,15,gula,guḷa,Guḷa,Guḷa,<sup>2</sup> (Non-Aryan?] sugar,molasses Vin.I,210,224 sq.,245.-- <i>saguḷa</i> sugared,sweet,or “with molasses” J.VI,324 (saguḷāni,i.e.saguḷa-pūve pancakes).<br><br> <i>--āsava</i> sugar-juice VvA.73.<i>--odaka</i> s.--water Vin.I,226.<i>--karaṇa</i> a sugar factory ibid.210.<i>--pūvaka</i> sweet cake Mhvs 10.3.<i>--phāṇita</i> molasses VvA.179.(Page 253),4,1
  4774. 185997,en,15,gula,guḷa,Guḷa,Guḷa,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.guḍa and gulī ball,guṭikā pill,guṇikā tumour; to <i>*gleu</i> to make into a ball,to conglomerate.Cp.Sk.glauḥ ball; Gr.gloutόs; Ohg.chliuwa; Ger.kugel,kloss; E.clot,cleat; also <i>*gel</i> with same meaning:Sk.gulma tumour,gilāyu glandular swelling; cp.Lat.glomus,globus; Ger.klamm; E.clamp,clump.A root <em>guḷ</em> is given by Dhtp 576,77 in meaning of “mokkha”] a ball,in cpds.sutta° a ball of string (=Ohg.chliuwa) D.I,54=; M.III,95; PvA.145; ayo° an iron globe Dh.308; DA.I,84; loha° of copper Dh.371; sela° a rockball,i.e.a heavy stone-ball J.I,147.<br><br> <i>--kīḷā</i> play at ball DhA.I,178; III,455; IV,124.<i>--parimaṇḍala</i> the circumference of a ball,or (adj.) round,globular,like a ball PvA.253.(Page 253),4,1
  4775. 186008,en,15,gula,guḷā,Guḷā,Guḷā,(f.) [to <i>guḷa<sup>1</sup></i>] a swelling,pimple,pustule,blight,in cpd.<i>guḷā-guṇṭhika-jāta</i> D.II,55,which is also to be read at A.II,211 (in spite of Morris,prelim.remarks to A.II,4,whose trsln.is otherwise correct)=guḷā --gunṭḥita covered with swellings (i.e.blight); cp.similar expression at DhA.III,297 gaṇḍāgaṇḍa (-jāta) “having become covered all over with pustules (i.e.rash).” All readings at corresp.passages are to be corrected accordingly,viz.,S.II,92 (guḷigandhika°); IV,158 (guṇaguṇika°); the reading at Dpvs XII.32,also v.l.SS at A.II,211,is as quoted above and the whole phrase runs:tantākulajātā guḷāguṇṭhikajātā “entangled like a ball of string and covered with blight.” (Page 253),4,1
  4776. 186103,en,15,gulha,gūḷha,Gūḷha,Gūḷha, &#38; gūḷhaka (adj.) [pp.of gūhati] hidden,secret Vin.II,98 (gūḷha-ko salākagāho).(Page 253),5,1
  4777. 186153,en,15,gulika,guḷika,Guḷika,Guḷika,(adj.) [to guḷa<sup>3</sup>=guṇa,cp.also guṇaka] like a chain,or having a chain,(nt. &#38; f.) a cluster,a chain in maṇi° a string of jewels,a pearl necklace J.III,184 (v.l.BB for °guḷa); IV,256; Vism.285 (+muttā-guḷikā).(Page 253),6,1
  4778. 186158,en,15,gulika,guḷikā,Guḷikā,Guḷikā,(f.) [to guḷa<sup>1</sup>; cp.Sk.guṭikā pill,guṇikā tumour] a little ball S.V,462 (satta-kolaṭṭhi-mattiyo guḷikā,pl.); Th.2,498 (kolaṭṭhimatta g° balls of the size of a jujube),cp.ThA.289.(Page 253),6,1
  4779. 186180,en,15,gumba,gumba,Gumba,Gumba,[Sk.gulma,<i>*</i><em>glem</em> to <i>*</i><em>gel</em>,to be thick,to conglomerate,cp.Lat.glomus (ball),globus,etc.See guḷa] 1.a troop,a heap,cluster,swarm.Of soldiers:Vin.I,345; of fish (maccha°) D.I,84=M.I,279=II.22= A.I,9.-- 2.a thicket,a bush,jungle; the lair of an animal in a thicket (sayana° J.IV,256) S.III,6 (eḷagalā°); J.III,52 (nivāsa°,vasana°); VvA.301 (gaccha° underwood); J.I,149,167; II,19; III,55; IV,438; VvA.63,66.Cp.pagumba=gumba,in vana° Sn.233 (see KhA 192).veḷu° Th.1,919.- Acc.gumbaṃ (adv.) thickly,in masses balled together Miln.117 (of clouds).<br><br> <i>--antara</i> thicket VvA.233.(Page 252),5,1
  4780. 186233,en,15,gumbiya,gumbiya,Gumbiya,Gumbiya,(adj.) [fr.gumba] one of the troop (of soldiers) Vin.I,345.(Page 253),7,1
  4781. 186237,en,15,gumpha,gumpha,Gumpha,Gumpha,see ogumpheti.(Page 252),6,1
  4782. 186247,en,15,guna,guṇa,Guṇa,Guṇa,<sup>2</sup> [Derivation unknown.Cp.Sk.ghuna] a woodworm J.III,431 (°pāṇaka).(Page 252),4,1
  4783. 186248,en,15,guna,guṇa,Guṇa,Guṇa,<sup>2</sup> [for which often guḷa with common substitution of ḷ for ṇ,partly due to dissimilation,as mālāguḷa › mālāguṇa; cp.Sk.guṇikā tumour:guḷa and gaḷa,veḷu:veṇu,and note on gala] a ball,a cluster,a chain (?),in anta° the intestines; M.I,185--,Kh 11.,cp.KhA 57 for expln.-- mālāguṇa a garland or chain (cluster) of flowers Dh.53 (but °guḷa at J.I,73,74).See guḷa<sup>3</sup>.(Page 252),4,1
  4784. 186249,en,15,guna,guṇa,Guṇa,Guṇa,<sup>1</sup> [Non-Aryan?] 1.a string,a cord -- (a) of a robe,etc.,in (kāya-bandhanaṃ) saguṇaṃ katvā to make tight by tying with a knot Vin.I,46 (Vin.Texts:“laying the garments on top of each other,” wrongly construed); II,213 (trsln.“folding his garments”); cp.guṇaka.‹-› (b) of musical instruments Vin.I,182=A.III,375 (vīṇā).,-- (c) of a bow,in aguna stringless J.V,433 (dhanu).‹-› 2.(a strand of a rope as) constituent part,ingredient,component,element; with numerals it equals --fold,e.g.pañca kāmaguṇā the 5 strands of kāma,or 5--fold craving (see kāma); ekaguṇaṃ once,diguṇaṃ twice Sn.714; diguṇaṃ nivāpaṃ pacitvā cooking a double meal VvA.63; catugguṇa fourfold,of a saṅghāti D.II,128; S.II,221,cp.Rhys Davids,Dialogues II.145.aṭṭhaguṇa (hirañña) Th.2,153; aneka-bhāgena guṇena seyyo many times or infinitely better Pv IV.1<sup>9</sup>; sataguṇena sahassa° 100 and 1,000 times PvA.41; asaṅkheyyena guṇena infinitely,inconceivably Miln.106; sataguṇaṃ sahassaguṇaṃ Vism.126.-- 3.(a part as) quality,esp.good quality,advantage,merit J.I,266; II,112; III,55,82.-- lobha° Sn.663; sādhu° Sn.678; sīla° J.I,213; II,112; Buddha° J.II,111; pabbajita° J.I,59.<br><br> <i>--aggatā</i> state of having the best qualities,superiority Dpos IV.1.<i>--aḍḍha</i> rich in virtue Sdhp.312,561.<i>--upeta</i> in khuppipāsāhi guṇûpeto as PvA.10 is to be read khuppipās’âbhibhūto peto.<i>--kathā</i> “tale of virtue,” praise J.I,307; II,2.<i>--kittana</i> telling one’s praises PvA.107,120.<i>--guṇika</i> in phrase tantākulajāta g-g-jāta at S.IV,158,see under guḷā-guṇṭhika.(Page 252),4,1
  4785. 186421,en,15,gunaka,guṇaka,Guṇaka,Guṇaka,(adj.) [to guḷa<sup>1</sup>,cp.guḷika?] having a knot at the end,thickened at the top (with ref.to kāyabandha,see guṇa 1a) Vin.II,136,cp.Vin.Texts II.143.(Page 252),6,1
  4786. 186766,en,15,gunavant,guṇavant,Guṇavant,Guṇavant,(adj.) [to guṇa<sup>1</sup>] possessed of good qualities,virtuous Pv.II,9<sup>71</sup> (=jhān’ādiguṇa-yutta); PvA.62 (mahā°).(Page 252),8,1
  4787. 186877,en,15,gundika,guṇḍika,Guṇḍika,Guṇḍika,see guṇṭhika.(Page 252),7,1
  4788. 186883,en,15,guni,guṇi,Guṇi,Guṇi,(f.) [of adj.guṇin,having guṇas or guḷas,i.e.strings or knots] a kind of armour J.VI,449 (g.vuccate kavacaṃ C.); see Kern,Toev.p.132.(Page 252),4,1
  4789. 186917,en,15,gunja,guñjā,Guñjā,Guñjā,(f.) a plant (Abrus precatorius); the redness of its berries is referred to in similes; DhA.IV,133 (°vaṇṇāni akkhīni).See also jiñjuka.(Page 252),5,1
  4790. 186946,en,15,guntheti,guṇṭheti,Guṇṭheti,Guṇṭheti,[cp.Sk.guṇṭhayati Dhtp (563) &#38; Dhtm (793) give both roots <em>guṇṭh</em><i> </i>&<em> guṇḍ</em> as syn.of <em>veṭh</em>] to cover,to veil,to hide; pp.<i>guṇṭhita</i> in paṃsu° covered with dust Pv.II,3<sup>5</sup> (in Hardy’s conjecture for kuṇṭhita,q.v.).Also in cpd.<i>paliguṇṭhita</i> obstructed,entangled Sn.131 (mohena) where v.l.BB kuṇṭhita.Cp.o°.(Page 252),8,1
  4791. 186951,en,15,gunthika,guṇṭhika,Guṇṭhika,Guṇṭhika,(in meaning=guṇṭhita) one who is covered with or wrapped up in,only in <i>ahi°</i> a snake-trainer (like a Laocoon).See details under ahi or J.II,267; III,348 (text:°guṇḍika); J.IV,308 (ahi-kuṇḍika,v.l.SS guṇṭhika); IV,456 (text °guṇṭika; v.l.BB °kuṇḍika).Also in guḷā-guṇṭhika (q.v.).(Page 252),8,1
  4792. 186958,en,15,gunthima,guṇṭhima,Guṇṭhima,Guṇṭhima,covered over (?),see pāli°.(Page 252),8,1
  4793. 186990,en,15,guru,guru,Guru,Guru,(adj.-n.) [a younger form of garu (q.v.); Sk.guru] venerable,reverend,a teacher VvA.229,230 (°dakkhiṇā a teacher’s fee); PvA.3 (°janā venerable persons); Sdhp.227 (°ûpadesa),417.(Page 253),4,1
  4794. 187012,en,15,gutha,gūtha,Gūtha,Gūtha,[Sk.gūtha; probably to Lat.bubino,see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.] excrements,fæces,dung.As food for Petas frequently mentioned in Pv; (cp.Stede,Peta Vatthu 24 sq.),as a decoction of dung also used for medicinal purposes (Vin.I,206 e.g.).Often comb<sup>n</sup> with mutta (urine):Pv.I,9<sup>1</sup>; PvA.45,78; DA.I,198.<br><br> <i>--kaṭāha</i> an iron pot for defecation Vin.IV,265.<i>--kalala</i> dung &#38; mire J.III,393; <i>--kīḷana</i> playing with excrements Vism.531.<i>--kūpa</i> a privy (cp.karīsa) M.I,74; Sn.279; Pv.II,3<sup>16</sup>; Pug.36; J.VI,370; Vism.54.<i>--khādaka</i> living on fæces J.II,211 (°pāṇaka) PvA.266; <i>--gata</i> having turned to dung It.90; <i>--gandhin</i> smelling of excrements Pv.II,3<sup>15</sup>; <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> a place for excrementation Th.1,1153; <i>--naraka</i>=foll.Vism.501; <i>--niraya</i> the mirepurgatory VvA.226; Sdhp.194; <i>--pāṇa</i> an insect living on excrement (=°khādakapāṇa) J.II,209,212; <i>--bhakkha</i> feeding on stercus M.III,168; PvA.192; DhA.II,61; <i>--bhānin</i> of foul speech A.I,128; Pug.29 (Kern,Toev.s.v.corrects into kūṭa°?).(Page 253),5,1
  4795. 187060,en,15,guthaka,gūthaka,Gūthaka,Gūthaka,“a sort of gūtha,” excretion,secretion,rheum,in <i>akkhi°</i> and <i>kaṇṇa°</i> (of eye &#38; ear) Sn.197 (cp.SnA 248; Vism.345 sq.).(Page 253),7,1
  4796. 187160,en,15,gutta,gutta,Gutta,Gutta,[Sk.gupta,pp.of <em>gup</em> in med.-pass.sense,cp.gopeti).- I.as pp.guarded,protected.-- (a) lit.nagaraṃ guttaṃ a well-guarded city Dh.315=Th.1,653,1005; Devinda° protected by the Lord of gods Vv 30<sup>8</sup>.-- (b) fig.(med.) guarded,watchful,constrained; guarded in,watchful as regards ...(with Loc.) S.IV,70 (agutta &#38; sugutta,with danta,rakkhita); A.III,6 (atta° self-controlled); Sn.250 (sotesu gutto+ vijitindriyo),971 (id.+yatacārin); Dh.36 (cittaṃ).‹-› II.as n.agent (=Sk.goptṛ,cp.kata in kāla-kata= kāḷaṃ kartṛ) one who guards or observes,a guardian,in Dhammassa gutta Dh.257,observer of the Norm (expl.DhA.III,282:dhammojapaññāya samannāgata),cp.dhammagutta S.I,222.<br><br> <i>--indriya</i> one whose senses are guarded; with wellguarded senses Sn.63 (+rakkhita-mānasāno; expl.SnA:chassu indriyesu gopitindriyo); Nd<sup>2</sup> 230; Vv 50<sup>15</sup>; Pv IV.1<sup>32</sup>; <i>--dvāra</i> “with guarded doors” always in comb<sup>n</sup> with indriyesu g-d.having the doors of the senses guarded,practising.self-control D.I,63≈(expl<sup>d</sup> DA.I,182 by pihita-dvāro),70; S.II,218; IV,103,112,119 sq.,175; Sn.413 (+susaṃvuta); Pug.24.Cp.foll.; <i>--dvāratā</i> (f.abstr.to prec.) in indriyesu g° self constraint,control over (the doors of) one’s senses,always comb<sup>d</sup> with bhojane mattaññutā (moderation in taking food) D.III,213; It.24; Pug.20,24; Dhs.1347; PvA.163.Opp.<i>a°</i> lack of sense-control D.III,213; It.23; Dhs.1345.(Page 252),5,1
  4797. 187204,en,15,gutti,gutti,Gutti,Gutti,(f.) [Vedic gupti] protection,defence,guard; watchfulness.-- (a) lit.of a city A.IV,106 sq.-- (b) fig.of the senses in indriyānaṃ gutti Dh.375; Pug.24 (+gopanā); Dhs.1348; Sdhp.341 (agutti); Vin.IV,305; A.II,72 (atta°); also in pl.:guttīsu ussuka keen in the practice of watchfulness D.III,148.(Page 252),5,1
  4798. 187215,en,15,guttika,guttika,Guttika,Guttika,[fr.last] a guardian,one who keeps watch over,in <i>nagara°</i> the town-watchman,the chief-constable PvA.4; Miln.345.(Page 252),7,1
  4799. 187250,en,15,guyha,guyha,Guyha,Guyha,[ger.of <em>guh</em>=Vedic guhya] 1.adj.to be hidden,hidden in °bhaṇḍaka the hidden part (of the body) DhA.IV,197.-- 2.(nt.) that which is hidden; lit.in <i>vattha°</i> hidden by the dress,i.e.the pudendum D.I,106; Sn.1022,etc.(see vattha),fig.a secret Miln.92; guyhaṃ pariguyhati to keep a secret A.IV,31; Nd<sup>2</sup> 510.(Page 253),5,1
  4800. 187307,en,15,ha,ha,Ha,Ha,[freq.in Rigveda,as <i>gha</i> or <i>ha</i>,Idg.*gho,*ghe; cp.Lat.hi-c,Sk.hi] an emphatic particle “hey,oh,hallo,I say” Vin.II,109; Sn.666; iti ha,thus Vin.I,5,12; D.I,1; a common beginning to traditional instruction Sn.1053; <i>itihītihaṃ</i> (saying),“thus and thus” Sn.1084; SnA 416 (ha-kāra); PvA.4 (ha re),58 (gloss for <em>su</em>).(Page 727),2,1
  4801. 187321,en,15,ha,hā,Hā,Hā,(indecl.) an exclamation of grief,alas! ThA.154 (Ap.V,154); VvA.323,324.(Page 730),2,1
  4802. 187328,en,15,hacca,hacca,Hacca,Hacca,(adj.) [fr.<em>han</em>] killing,in bhūnahacca killing an embryo A.IV,98; J.VI,579=587; Miln.314 (text bhūta-) (Page 727),5,1
  4803. 187340,en,15,hadaya,hadaya,Hadaya,Hadaya,[Vedic hṛdaya,hṛd=Av.ƶ∂r∂dā,not the same as Lat.cor(dem),but perhaps=Lat.haru entrails (haruspex).See K.Z.XL.419] the heart.-- 1.the physical organ D.II,293; S.I,207 (ettha uro hadayan ti vuttaṃ DhsA.140); in detail:Vism.256,356; VbhA.60,239.‹-› 2.the heart as seat of thought and feeling,esp.of strong emotion (as in Vedas!),which shows itself in the action of the heart S.I,199.Thus defined as “cintā” at Dhtm 535 (as <i>had</i>),or as “hadayaṃ vuccati cittaṃ,” with ster.expl<sup>n</sup> “mano mānasa paṇḍara” etc.Dhs.17; Nd<sup>1</sup> 412.Cp.DhsA.140 (cittaṃ abbhantar’aṭṭhena hadayan ti vuttaṃ).-- With <i>citta</i> at Sn.p.32 (hadayaṃ te phalessāmi “I shall break your heart”); hadayaṃ phalitaṃ a broken heart J.I,65; DhA.I,173.<i>chinna h</i>.id.J.V,180.<i>hadayassa santi</i> calmness of h.A.V,64 sq.; hadayā hadayaṃ aññāya tacchati M.I,32.<i>h</i>.<i> nibbāyi</i> the heart (i.e.anger) cooled down J.VI,349; <i>h</i>.<i> me avakaḍḍhati</i> my heart is distraught J.IV,415.-- <i>duhadaya</i> bad-hearted J.VI,469.<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhi</i> a bone of the heart KhA 49,50 (so read for pādaṭṭhi,see App.to Pj 1.); Vism.255; SnA 116.<i>--gata</i> [°ngata] gone to the heart,learnt by heart Miln.10.<i>--gama</i> [°ngama] heart-stirring,pleasant,agreeable D.I,4; III,173; M.I,345; A.II,209; V,205; Vin.III,77; Nd<sup>1</sup> 446; Dhs.1343; DA.I,75.<i>--pariḷāha</i> heart-glow Miln.318.<i>--phālana</i> bursting of the heart J.I,282.<i>--maṃsa</i> the flesh of the heart,the heart J.I,278,347; II,159 etc.(very frequent in the Jātakas); DhA.I,5; II,90.<i>--bheda</i> “heart-break,” a certain trick in cheating with measures DA.I,79.<i>--vañcana</i> deluding the heart SnA 183 (cp.J.VI,388 hadaya-tthena),<i>--vatthu</i> (1) the substance of the heart Miln.281; DhsA.140.(2) “heart-basis,” the heart as basis of mind,sensorium commune Tikp 17,26,53 sq.,62,256; Vism.447; SnA 228; DhsA.257,264.See the discussion at Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> lxxxvi.and Cpd.277 sq.<i>--santāpa</i> heart-burn,i.e.grief,sorrow Vism.54.<i>--ssita</i> stuck in the heart (of salla,dart) Sn.938; Nd<sup>1</sup> 411.(Page 728),6,1
  4804. 187380,en,15,hahasi,hāhasi,Hāhasi,Hāhasi,is 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.fut.of <i>jahati</i> (e.g.J.III,172); in cpd.also <i>°hāhisi:</i> see <i>vijahati</i>.(Page 731),6,1
  4805. 187383,en,15,hahiti,hāhiti,Hāhiti,Hāhiti,is fut.of <i>harati</i>.(Page 731),6,1
  4806. 187401,en,15,halahala,halāhala,Halāhala,Halāhala,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [onomat.] uproar,tumult J.I,47 sq.; Miln.122.Cp.<i>kolāhala</i>.(Page 730),8,1
  4807. 187402,en,15,halahala,halāhala,Halāhala,Halāhala,<sup>1</sup> [onomat.; cp.Sk.halāhala] a kind of deadly poison,usually as <i>°visa</i> J.I,271,273,380; III,103; V,465; Miln.256; Vism.57; ThA.287.(Page 730),8,1
  4808. 187415,en,15,halam,halaṃ,Halaṃ,Halaṃ,=hi alaṃ (q.v.); “halaṃ dāni pakāsituṃ” why should I preach? Vin.I,5=D.II,36=M.I,168=S.I,136.(Page 730),5,1
  4809. 187427,en,15,halidda,haliddā,Haliddā,Haliddā, &#38; Haliddī (f.) [cp.Sk.haridrā] turmeric.‹-› 1.<i>haliddā</i>:Vin.I,201; J.V,89.-- 2.<i>haliddī</i> (haliddi°) M.I,127; A.III,230,233; S.II,101; KhA 64; <i>°rāga</i> like the colour of turmeric,or like the t.dye,i.e.not fast,quickly changing &#38; fading J.III,148 (of citta),cp.J.III,524 sq.(Page 730),7,1
  4810. 187431,en,15,halidda,hālidda,Hālidda,Hālidda,(adj.) [fr.haliddā] dyed with turmeric; <i>a°</i> undyed,i.e.not changing colour J.III,88; cp.III,148.(Page 731),7,1
  4811. 187455,en,15,ham,haṃ,Haṃ,Haṃ,(indecl.) [cp.Sk.haṃ] an exclamation “I say,hey,hallo,look here!” Vv 50<sup>8</sup> (=nipāta VvA.212); J.V,422; VvA.77.Sometimes as <i>han ti</i>,e.g.J.V,203; DhA.III,108.See also <i>handa </i>&<i> hambho</i>.In comb<sup>n</sup> <i>iti haṃ</i> (=iti) Sn.783; Nd<sup>1</sup> 71; or with other part.like <i>haṃ dhī</i> DhA.I,179,216 (here as <i>haṃ di</i>).(Page 727),3,1
  4812. 187463,en,15,hambho,hambho,Hambho,Hambho,(indecl.) [<i>haṃ+bho</i>] a particle expressing surprise or haughtiness J.I,184,494.See also <i>ambho</i>.(Page 729),6,1
  4813. 187472,en,15,hammiya,hammiya,Hammiya,Hammiya,(nt.) [cp.Vedic harmya house &#38; BSk.harmikā “summer-house” (?) Divy 244] customarily given as “a long,storied mansion which has an upper chamber placed on the top,” a larger building,pāsāda,(store-) house Vin.I,58,96,239; II,146 (with vihāra,aḍḍhayoga,pāsāda,guhā,as the 5 lenāni),152,195; Miln.393; Nd<sup>1</sup> 226=Vism.25.<i>°-gabbha</i> a chamber on the upper storey Vin.II,152.(Page 729),7,1
  4814. 187489,en,15,hamsa,haṃsa,Haṃsa,Haṃsa,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.haṃsa=Lat.(h)anser “goose,” Gr.xήn= Ags.gōs=E.goose,Ger.gans] 1.a water-bird,swan S.I,148; Sn.221,350,1134; Dh.91,175; DhA.II,170; J.II,176 sq.; SnA 277; Pv.II,12<sup>3</sup>; III,3<sup>4</sup>.Considered as <i>(suvaṇṇa-) rāja-haṃsa</i> (“golden royal swan”) to be king of the birds:J.I,207; II,353; Vism.650.-- At SnA 277 Bdhgh gives various kinds of <i>haṃsa’s</i>,viz.harita°,tamba°,khīra°,kāḷa°,pāka°,suvaṇṇa°.-- <i>pāka°</i> a species of water bird J.V,356; VI,539; SnA 277.-- f.<i>haṃsī</i> Dāvs.V,24 (rāja°).-- 2.a kind of building J.I,92.<br><br> <i>--potaka</i> a young swan Vism.153 (in simile).<i>--rāja</i> the king of swans Vv 35<sup>8</sup>; Vin.IV,259.(Page 727),5,1
  4815. 187490,en,15,hamsa,haṃsa,Haṃsa,Haṃsa,<sup>1</sup> [fr.haṃsati] bristling:see lomahaṃsa Sn.270 etc.(Page 727),5,1
  4816. 187502,en,15,hamsana,haṃsana,Haṃsana,Haṃsana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.<em>hṛṣ</em>] bristling,see <i>lomahaṃsa</i> Sn.270 etc.(Page 727),7,1
  4817. 187518,en,15,hamsati,haṃsati,Haṃsati,Haṃsati,[cp.Vedic harṣate Idg.<i>*ĝher</i> to bristle (of hair),as in Lat.horreo (“horrid,horripilation”),ēr hedgehog (“bristler”)=Gr.xήr id.; Lat.hirtus,hispidus “rough”; Ags.gorst=gorse; Ger.granne &#38; many others,for which see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.ēr.-- The Dhtp (309) defines as “tuṭṭhi.” See also ghaṃsati<sup>2</sup>,pahaṃsati<sup>2</sup>,pahaṭṭha<sup>2</sup>,pahaṃsita<sup>2</sup>] to bristle,stand on end (said of the hair) Vin.III,8; M.I,79; Caus.<i>haṃseti</i> to cause to bristle J.V,154.-- pp.<i>haṭṭha</i>.(Page 727),7,1
  4818. 187530,en,15,hamsi,haṃsi,Haṃsi,Haṃsi,(indecl.) [?]=<i>hañci</i> if,in case that J.VI,343.(Page 727),5,1
  4819. 187543,en,15,han,han,Han,Han,(indecl.) see <i>haṃ</i>.(Page 729),3,1
  4820. 187548,en,15,hana,hāna,Hāna,Hāna,(nt.) [fr.<em>hā</em>,cp.Sk.hāna] relinquishing,giving up,falling off; decrease,diminution,degradation A.II,167; III,349 sq.(opp.visesa),427; Vism.11.<br><br> <i>--gāmin</i> going into disgrace or insignificance A.III,349 sq.<i>--bhāgiya</i> conducive to relinquishing (of perversity and ignorance) D.III,272 sq.; A.II,167; Nett 77; Vism.85.(Page 730),4,1
  4821. 187570,en,15,hanana,hanana,Hanana,Hanana,(nt.) [fr.hanati] killing,striking,injuring Mhvs 3,42.(Page 729),6,1
  4822. 187588,en,15,hanati,hanati,Hanati,Hanati,<sup>1</sup> ( &#38; hanti) [<em>han</em> or <em>ghan</em> to smite,Idg.<i>*gǔhen</i>,as in Av.jainti to kill; Gr.qei/nw to strike,fόnos murder; Lat.de-fendo “defend” &#38; of-fendo; Ohg.gundea= Ags.gūd “battle.” The Dhtp (363 &#38; 429) gives “hiṃsā” as meaning of <i>han</i>] 1.to strike,to thresh S.IV,201; J.IV,102.-- 2.to kill D.I,123; A.IV,97 (asinā hanti attānaṃ); Sn.125; Dh.405; <i>maggaṃ°</i> to slay travellers on the road J.I,274; III,220.-- 3.to destroy,to remove Sn.118; Dh.72.-- Forms:Pres.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>hanāmi</i> J.II,273; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>hanāsi</i> J.III,199; V,460; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>hanti</i> Sn.118; A.IV,97; DhA.II,73 (=vināseti); Dh.72; <i>hanāti</i> J.V,461; <i>hanati</i> J.I,432; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>hanāma</i> J.I,200; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>hananti</i> Sn.669.Imper.<i>hana</i> J.III,185; <i>hanassu</i> J.V,311; <i>hanantu</i> J.IV,42; Dh.355; J.I,368.Pot.<i>hane</i> Sn.394,400; <i>haneyya</i> D.I,123; Sn.705.ppr.<i>a-hanaṃ</i> not killing D.I,116; <i>hananto</i> J.I,274.fut.<i>hanissati</i> J.IV,102; <i>hañchati</i> J.IV,102; <i>hañchema</i> J.II,418.aor.<i>hani</i> Mhvs 25,64; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>haniṃsu</i> Sn.295; J.I,256; ger.<i>hantvā</i> Sn.121; Dh.294 sq.; <i>hanitvāna</i> J.III,185.-- Pass.<i>haññati</i> D.II,352; S.IV,175; Sn.312; J.I,371; IV,102; DhA.II,28.ppr.<i>haññamāna</i> S.IV,201.grd.<i>hantabba</i> D.II,173.aor.pass.<i>haññiṃsu</i> D.I,141.fut.<i>haññissati</i> DA.I,134.-- Caus.<i>hanāpeti</i> to cause to slay,destroy J.I,262; DA.I,159; <i>ghātāpeti</i> Vin.I,277; <i>ghāteti</i> to cause to slay Dh.405; Sn.629; <i>a-ghātayaṃ</i>,not causing to kill S.I,116; Pot.<i>ghātaye</i> Sn.705; <i>ghātayeyya</i> Sn.394; aor.<i>aghātayi</i> Sn.308; <i>ghātayi</i> Sn.309; pass.<i>ghātīyati</i> Miln.186.See also <i>ghāteti</i>.Cp.<i>upahanati</i>,<i> vihanati; °gha</i>,<i> ghāta</i> etc.,<i>paligha</i>.<i>Hanati<sup>2</sup> </i>[<i>*</i><em>han</em> for <em>had</em>,probably from pp.hanna.The Dhtm (535) gives <i>had</i> in meaning of “uccāra ussagga”] to empty the bowels Pv IV.8<sup>8</sup> (=vaccaṃ osajjate <i>PvA.</i>268).-- pp.<i>hanna</i>.Cp.<i>ūhanati<sup>2</sup> </i>&<i> ohanati</i>.(Page 729),6,1
  4823. 187597,en,15,hanci,hañci,Hañci,Hañci,(indecl.) [haṃ+ci] if Kvu 1.(Page 727),5,1
  4824. 187604,en,15,handa,handa,Handa,Handa,(indecl.) [cp.Sk.hanta,haṃ+ta] an exhortativeemphatic particle used like Gr.a)/ge dή or French allons,voilà:well then,now,come along,alas! It is constructed with 1<sup>st</sup> pres. &#38; fut.,or imper,2<sup>nd</sup> person D.I,106,142; II,288; Sn.153,701,1132; J.I,88,221,233; III,135; DA.I,237 (=vavasāy’atthe nipāto); Nd<sup>2</sup> 697 (=padasandhi); Pv.I,10<sup>3</sup> (=gaṇha PvA.49); II,3<sup>21</sup> (=upasagg’atthe nipāta PvA.88); DhA.I,16,410 (handa je); SnA 200 (vvavasāne),491 (id.); VvA.230 (hand’‹-› âhaṃ gamissāmi).(Page 729),5,1
  4825. 187622,en,15,hani,hāni,Hāni,Hāni,(f.) [cp.Sk.hāni] 1.decrease,loss A.II,434; V,123 sq.; S.I,111; II,206,242; J.I,338,346.-- 2.falling off,waste Mhvs 33,103.Cp.saṃ°,pari°.(Page 730),4,1
  4826. 187639,en,15,hankhati,haṅkhati,Haṅkhati,Haṅkhati,see <i>paṭi°</i>.(Page 727),8,1
  4827. 187640,en,15,hanna,hanna,Hanna,Hanna,(nt.) [pp.of hanati<sup>2</sup>] easing oneself,emptying of the bowels; su° a good (i.e.modest) performance of bodily evacuation,i.e.modesty J.I,421.(Page 729),5,1
  4828. 187657,en,15,hannati,haññati,Haññati,Haññati, &#38; hañchati see <i>hanati</i>.(Page 727),7,1
  4829. 187673,en,15,hantar,hantar,Hantar,Hantar,[n.ag.fr.hanati] a striker,one who kills D.I,56; A.II,116 sq.; III,161 sq.; S.I,85; Dh.389.(Page 729),6,1
  4830. 187697,en,15,hanu,hanu,Hanu,Hanu,(f.) [Vedic hanu; cp.Lat.gena jaw,Gr.gέnus chin,Goth.kinnus=Ger.kinn=E.chin,Oir.gin mouth] the jaw D.I,11; J.I,28 (mahā°),498; SnA 30 (°sañcalana); VbhA.145 (°sañcopana).<i>°-saṃhanana</i> jaw-binding,incantations to bring on dumbness D.I,11; DA.I,97.(Page 729),4,1
  4831. 187705,en,15,hanuka,hanukā,Hanukā,Hanukā,(f.) [fr.hanu] the jaw J.I,498; DA.I,97; Miln.229; also nt.Vin.II,266; J.I,461; II,127; IV,188; <i>--°aṭṭhika</i> the jaw bone J.I,265 sq.; Vism.251; VbhA.58; KhA 49; SnA 116.(Page 729),6,1
  4832. 187724,en,15,hapana,hāpana,Hāpana,Hāpana,at J.V,433 is with Kern.Toev.I.132 (giving the passage without ref.) to be read as <i>hāpaka</i> “neglectful” [i.e.fr.hāpeti<sup>1</sup>].(Page 730),6,1
  4833. 187738,en,15,hapeti,hāpeti,Hāpeti,Hāpeti,<sup>2</sup> [in form=Sk.(Sūtras) hāvayati,Caus.of juhoti (see juhati),but in meaning=juhoti] to sacrifice to,worship,keep up,cultivate J.V,195 (aggiṃ;=juhati C.).See Kern,Toev.I.133.-- pp.<i>hāpita</i>.(Page 730),6,1
  4834. 187739,en,15,hapeti,hāpeti,Hāpeti,Hāpeti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of <em>hā</em> to leave:see <i>jahati;</i> to which add fut.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>hāhasi</i> J.III,172; and aor.<i>jahi</i> J.IV,314; V,469] 1.to neglect,omit A.III,44 (ahāpayaṃ); IV,25; Dh.166; J.II,437; IV,182; <i>ahāpetvā</i> without omitting anything,i.e.fully A.II,77; J.IV,132; DA.I,99.<i>atthaṃ hāpeti</i> to lose one’s advantage,to fail Sn.37; J.I,251.‹-› 2.to postpone,delay (the performance of ...) J.III,448; Vism.129.-- 3.to cause to reduce,to beat down J.I,124; II,31.-- 4.to be lost Sn.90 (? read <i>hāyati</i>).(Page 730),6,1
  4835. 187750,en,15,hapita,hāpita,Hāpita,Hāpita,[pp.of hāpeti<sup>2</sup>] cultivated,attended,worshipped J.IV,221; V,158 (aggihuttaṃ ahāpitaṃ; C.wrongly= hāpita); V,201=VI,565.On all passages &#38; their relation to Com. &#38; BSk.see Kern,Toev.I.132,133.(Page 730),6,1
  4836. 187760,en,15,hara,hara,Hara,Hara,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>hṛ</em>] taking,fetching; <i>vayo°</i> bringing age (said of grey hairs) J.I,138; <i>du°</i> S.I,36.(Page 729),4,1
  4837. 187767,en,15,hara,hāra,Hāra,Hāra,[fr.harati] 1.that which may be taken; grasping,taking; grasp,handful,booty.In cpd.<i>°hārin</i> taking all that can be taken,rapacious,ravaging J.VI,581 (of an army; Kern,Toev.I.133 wrong in trsl<sup>n</sup> “magnificent,or something like it”).Of a river:tearing,rapid A.III,64; IV,137; Vism.231.-- 2.category; name of the first sections of the Netti Pakaraṇa Nett 1 sq.,195.(Page 731),4,1
  4838. 187775,en,15,haraka,hāraka,Hāraka,Hāraka,(adj.) [fr.hāra] carrying,taking,getting; removing (f.hārikā) M.I,385; J.I,134,479; Pv.II,9<sup>1</sup> (dhana°); SnA 259 (maṃsa°).-- <i>mala°</i> an instrument for removing ear-wax Ap 303; cp.haraṇī.<i>sattha°</i> a dagger carrier,assassin Vin.III,73; S.IV,62.See also <i>vallī</i>.(Page 731),6,1
  4839. 187785,en,15,harana,haraṇa,Haraṇa,Haraṇa,(nt.) [fr.<em>hṛ</em>] taking,seizing,removing J.I,117,118,232; DA.I,71.<i>kucchi°</i> n.filling of the belly J.I,277.<i>°bhatta</i> a meal to take along DhA.II,144.(Page 729),6,1
  4840. 187792,en,15,haranaka,haraṇaka,Haraṇaka,Haraṇaka,(nt.) [fr.haraṇa] goods in transit,movable goods Vin.III,51.(Page 729),8,1
  4841. 187800,en,15,harani,haraṇī,Haraṇī,Haraṇī,(f.) [fr.haraṇa] 1.a nerve conveying a stimulus (lit.“carrier”); only used with <i>rasa°</i> nerve of taste Vin.II,137; usually given as “a hundred thousand” in number,e.g.J.V,4,293,458; DhA.I,134.-- 2.in <i>kaṇṇamala°</i>,an instrument to remove the wax from the ear Vin.II,135.Cp.hāraka.(Page 729),6,1
  4842. 187826,en,15,harati,harati,Harati,Harati,[Idg.<i>*ĝher;</i> in meaning “take” cp.Gr.xeiρ hand; in meaning “comprise” cp.Lat.cohors.Gr.xόrtos; Ags.geard=yard.-- The Dhtm expl<sup>s</sup> <em>har</em> laconically by “haraṇa”] 1.to carry J.II,176; Dh.124; to take with one D.I,8,142; opposed to <i>paccāharati</i> VbhA.349-354; SnA 52-58.-- 2.to bring J.I,208; to offer J.I,238; Sn.223.-- 3.to take,gather (fruits) Miln.263.-- 4.to fetch,buy J.I,291 (mama santikā).-- 5.to carry away,to remove D.II,160,166; J.I,282; Sn.469; Mhvs 1,26; to do away with,to abolish J.I,345.-- 6.to take away by force,to plunder,steal D.I,52; J.I,187; V,254.‹-› 7.to take off,to destroy J.I,222 (jīvitaṃ),310 (visaṃ); to kill J.I,281.-- Forms:aor.<i>ahāsi</i> Sn.469 sq.; Dh.3; J.IV,308; cp.upasaṃhāsi S.V,214; pahāsi,pariyudāhāsi,ajjhupāhari; ger.<i>haritvā</i> D.II,160; <i>hātūna</i> J.IV,280 (=haritvā C.); inf.<i>harituṃ</i> J.I,187; <i>hātave</i> Th.1,186; <i>hātuṃ:</i> see voharati; <i>hattuṃ:</i> see āharati; Fut.<i>hāhiti</i> J.VI,500 (=harissati).-- Pass.<i>harīyati</i> M.I,33; <i>hīrati</i> J.V,254; pret.<i>ahīratha</i> J.V,253; grd.<i>haritabba</i> J.I,187,281.-- pp.<i>haṭa</i>.-- Caus.<i>hāreti</i> to cause to take Sn.395; to cause to be removed,to remove J.I,345; II,176; III,431 (somebody out of office); <i>hāretabba</i> that which should be taken out of the way J.I,298; Caus.II.<i>harāpeti</i> to cause to be brought,to offer Vin.I,245; J.II,38; to cause to be taken (as a fine) Miln.193.(Page 729),6,1
  4843. 187836,en,15,harayati,harāyati,Harāyati,Harāyati,[denom.fr.hiri (=hrī),cp.Vedic <i>hrī</i> to be ashamed,Pres.jihreti.-- The Dhtp (438) gives roots <em>hiri</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>hara</em> in meaning “lajjā”] 1.to be ashamed Vin.I,88; II,292; D.I,213; M.I,120; S.IV,62; It.43; Pv.I,10<sup>2</sup>; ppr.<i>harāyanto</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 466, &#38; <i>harāyamāna</i> J.IV,171; Nd<sup>2</sup> 566.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>aṭṭiyati</i> (q.v.).See also <i>hiriyati</i>.-- 2.[in this meaning=Vedic <em>hṛ</em> to be angry.Pres.hṛṇīte] to be depressed or vexed,to be cross,to worry (cp.hiriyati) J.V,366 (ppr.hariyyamāna); Th.1,1173 (mā hari “don’t worry”).(Page 729),8,1
  4844. 187855,en,15,harenuka,hareṇukā,Hareṇukā,Hareṇukā,(f.) [cp.Sk.hareṇukā] a pea M.I,245; J.V,405 (=aparaṇṇajā ti 406); VI,537; <i>hareṇuka-yūsa</i> pea-soup M.I,245 (one of the 4 kinds of soup).(Page 730),8,1
  4845. 187869,en,15,hari,hari,Hari,Hari,(adj.) [Idg.<i>*ĝhel</i>,as in Lat.helvus yellow,holus cabbage; Sk.harita,hariṇa pale (yellow or green),hiri (yellow); Av.ƶairi; Gr.xlόos green,xlόh “greens”; Ags.geolo=E.yellow.Also the words for “gold”:hāṭaka &#38; hiraṇya] green,tawny Dhs.617; DhsA.317; <i>°-ssavaṇṇa</i> gold-coloured J.II,33 (=hari-samāna-vaṇṇa suvaṇṇa° C.).<br><br> <i>--candana</i> yellow sandal Vv 83<sup>1</sup>; DhA.I,28; <i>--tāla</i> yellow orpiment Th.2,393; DhA.III,29; IV,113; <i>--ttaca</i> gold-coloured Th.2,333; ThA.235; <i>--pada</i> gold foot,yellow leg,a deer J.III,184.(Page 729),4,1
  4846. 187878,en,15,hari,hāri,Hāri,Hāri,(adj.) [fr.<em>hṛ</em><i>;</i> cp.Sk.hāri] attractive,charming S.IV,316; J.I,204 (°sadda).(Page 731),4,1
  4847. 187889,en,15,harika,hārika,Hārika,Hārika,(adj.) [fr.hāra] carrying D.II,348.(Page 731),6,1
  4848. 187900,en,15,harin,hārin,Hārin,Hārin,(adj.) [fr.hāra] 1.taking,carrying (f.<i>hārinī</i>) J.I,133; Pv.II,3<sup>10</sup> (Nom.pl.f.hārī); PvA.113.-- 2.robbing J.I,204.-- Cp.<i>hāra°</i>.(Page 731),5,1
  4849. 187906,en,15,harina,hariṇa,Hariṇa,Hariṇa,[fr.hari] a deer J.II,26.(Page 730),6,1
  4850. 187925,en,15,harita,harita,Harita,Harita,(adj.) [see hari for etym.] 1.green,pale(-green),yellowish.It is expl<sup>d</sup> by Dhpāla as <i>nīla</i> (e.g.VvA.197; PvA.158),and its connotation is not fixed.-- Vin.I,137; D.I,148; S.I,5; J.I,86,87; II,26,110; Pv.II,12<sup>10</sup> (bank of a pond); Vv 45<sup>7</sup> (°patta,with green leaves,of a lotus); J.II,110 (of wheat); SnA 277 (°haṃsa yellow,i.e.golden swan).-- 2.green,fresh Vin.III,16; A.V,234 (kusa); nt.(collectively) vegetables,greens Vin 266 (here applied to a field of fresh (i.e.green) wheat or cereal in general,as indicated by expl<sup>n</sup> “haritaṃ nāma pubbaṇṇaṃ aparaṇṇaṃ” etc.); cp.<i>haritapaṇṇa</i> vegetables SnA 283.-- 3.<i>haritā</i> (f.) gold Th.1,164=J.II,334 (°maya made of gold; but expl<sup>d</sup> as “harita-maṇi-parikkhata” by C.).-- 4.Two cpds.,rather odd in form,are <i>haritāmātar</i> “son of a green frog” J.II,238 (in verse); and <i>haritupattā</i> (bhūmi) “covered with green” M.I,343; J.I,50,399.(Page 730),6,1
  4851. 187945,en,15,haritaka,haritaka,Haritaka,Haritaka,(nt.) [harita+ka] a pot-herb D.II,342.(Page 730),8,1
  4852. 187954,en,15,haritaka,harītaka,Harītaka,Harītaka,[cp.Epic Sk.harītaka] yellow myrobalan (Terminalia citrina or chebula) Vin.I,201,206; J.I,80; IV,363; Miln.11; DhsA.320 (T.harīṭaka); VvA.5 (ṭ); <i>°-kī</i> (f.) the myrobalan tree Vin.I,30; M.III,127.pūtiharīṭakī Vism.40; <i>°paṇṇika</i> all kinds of greens Vin.II,267.(Page 730),8,1
  4853. 187978,en,15,haritatta,haritatta,Haritatta,Haritatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.harita] greenness Vin.I,96.(Page 730),9,1
  4854. 188007,en,15,hariya,hāriya,Hāriya,Hāriya,(adj.) [fr.hāra] carrying Vv 50<sup>9</sup>; ThA.200; VvA.212.(Page 731),6,1
  4855. 188027,en,15,hasa,hāsa,Hāsa,Hāsa,[fr.<em>has</em>,cp.Sk.hāsa &#38; harṣa] laughter; mirth,joy Dh.146; DA.I,228=SnA 155 (“āmeṇḍita”); J.I,33; II,82; V,112; Miln.390.See also <i>ahāsa</i>.<br><br> <i>--kara</i> giving pleasure,causing joy Miln.252.<i>--kkhaya</i> ceasing of laughter Dhtp 439 (in def<sup>n</sup> of gilāna,illness).<i>--dhamma</i> merriment,sporting Vin.IV,112.(Page 731),4,1
  4856. 188044,en,15,hasamanaka,hasamānaka,Hasamānaka,Hasamānaka,(adj.) [ppr.of hasati+ka] laughing,merry Mhvs 35,55; (nt.) as adv.<i>°ṃ</i> jokingly,for fun Vin.I,185.(Page 730),10,1
  4857. 188051,en,15,hasana,hasana,Hasana,Hasana,(nt.) [fr.hasati] laughter Dhtp 31.(Page 730),6,1
  4858. 188059,en,15,hasaniya,hāsaniya,Hāsaniya,Hāsaniya,(adj.) [fr.<em>has</em> or <em>hṛṣ</em><i>;</i> cp.Sk.harṣanīya] giving joy or pleasure Miln.149.(Page 731),8,1
  4859. 188074,en,15,hasati,hasati,Hasati,Hasati, &#38; Hassati [owing to similarity of meaning the two roots <em>has</em> to laugh (Sk.hasati,pp.hasita) &#38; <em>hṛṣ</em> to be excited (Sk.hṛṣyati,pp.hṛṣita &#38; hṛṣṭa) have become mixed in Pāli (see also hāsa).-- The usual (differentiated) correspondent of Sk.hṛṣyati is <i>haṃsati</i>.The Dhtp (309) gives <i>haṃsa</i> (=harṣa) with tuṭṭhi,and (310) <i>hasa</i> with hasana] 1.to laugh,to be merry; pres.<i>hasati</i> Bu I.28; Mhvs 35,59; <i>hassati</i> Sn.328,829; ppr.<i>hasamāna</i> is preferable v.l.at J.IV,281 for bhāsamāna; aor.<i>hasi</i> J.II,103; DhA.II,17.-Caus.<i>hāseti</i> [i.e.both fr.<em>has</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>hṛṣ</em>] to cause to laugh; to please,to gladden Mhvs 32,46; J.VI,217,304; DhA.II,85; aor.<i>hāsesi</i> Vin.III,84; ppr.<i>hāsayamana</i> making merry J.I,163,209.210; ger.<i>hāsayitvāna</i> Miln.1.-- Caus.II.<i>hāsāpeti</i> SnA 401; J.VI,311.Cp.pari°,pa°.-- 2.to neigh (of horses) J.I,62; VI,581 (strange aor.hasissiṃsu,expl<sup>d</sup> as hasiṃsu by C.).-- pp.<i>hasita</i> ( &#38; haṭṭha).(Page 730),6,1
  4860. 188092,en,15,haseti,hāseti,Hāseti,Hāseti,see <i>hasati</i>.(Page 731),6,1
  4861. 188105,en,15,hasita,hasita,Hasita,Hasita,[pp.of hasati,representing both Sk.hasita &#38; hṛṣita] laughing,merry; (nt.) laughter,mirth A.I,261; Pv III,3<sup>5</sup> (=hasitavant hasita-mukhin C.); Miln.297; Bu I.28; J.I,62 (? read hesita); III,223; Vism.20.<br><br> <i>--uppāda</i> “genesis of mirth,” æsthetic faculty Tikp 276; see Cpd.20 sq.(Page 730),6,1
  4862. 188134,en,15,hassa,hassa,Hassa,Hassa,(adj.-nt.) [fr.<em>has</em>,cp.Sk.hāsya] ridiculous Sn.328; (nt.) 1.laughter,mirth D.I,19; Sn.926; DA.I,72; PvA.226; DhA.III,258; Miln.266.-- 2.a joke,jest hassā pi,even in fun M.I,415; hassena pi the same J.V,481; Miln.220; <i>°vasena</i> in jest J.I,439.(Page 730),5,1
  4863. 188145,en,15,hasu°,hāsu°,Hāsu°,Hāsu°,(of uncertain origin) occurs with <i>hāsa°</i> in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>°pañña</i> and is customarily taken in meaning “of bright knowledge” (i.e.hāsa+paññā),wise,clever.The syn.<i>javana-pañña</i> points to a meaning like “quickwitted,” thus implying “quick” also in <i>hāsu</i>.Kern,Toev.I.134 puts forth the ingenious expl<sup>n</sup> that <i>hāsu</i> is a “cockneyism” for āsu=Sk.āśu “quick,” which does not otherwise occur in Pāli.Thus his expl<sup>n</sup> remains problematic.-- See e.g.M.III,25; S.I,63; V,376; J.IV,136; VI,255,329.-- Abstr.<i>°tā</i> wisdom S.V,412; A.I,45.(Page 731),5,1
  4864. 188146,en,15,hasula,hasula,Hasula,Hasula,(adj.) [fr.<em>has</em>] is rather doubtful (“of charming speech”? or “smiling”?).It occurs in (corrupted) verse at J.VI,503=Ap 40 ( &#38; 307),which is to be read as “aḷāra-bhamukhā (or °pamhā) hasulā sussoññā tanu-majjhimā.” See Kern’s remarks at Toev.s.v.<i>hasula</i>.(Page 730),6,1
  4865. 188153,en,15,hata,haṭa,Haṭa,Haṭa,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.haṭha &#38; haṭa] a kind of water-plant,Pistia stratiotes D.I,166; M.I,78,156; Pug.55 (text sāta-); A.I,241,295 (v.l.sāta; cp.hāṭaka).(Page 727),4,1
  4866. 188154,en,15,hata,haṭa,Haṭa,Haṭa,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of harati] taken,carried off Vin.IV,23; J.I,498.<i>haṭa-haṭa-kesa</i> with dishevelled hair S.I,115.(Page 727),4,1
  4867. 188166,en,15,hata,hata,Hata,Hata,[pp.of hanti] struck,killed D.II,131; destroyed,spoilt,injured Vin.I,25; Dhs.264; J.II,175; <i>reṇuhata</i> struck with dust,covered with dust Vin.I,32; <i>hatatta</i> (nt.) the state of being destroyed Dh.390; <i>hatâvakāsa</i> who has cut off every occasion (for good and evil) Dh.97; DhA.II,188; <i>hatâvasesaka</i> surviving D.I,135; <i>pakkha°</i> a cripple (q.v.); <i>°vikkhittaka</i> slain &#38; cut up,killed &#38; dismembered Vism.179,194.-- <i>hata</i> is also used in sense of med.,i.e.one who has destroyed or killed,e.g.<i>nāga°</i> slayer of a nāga Vin.II,195; <i>°antarāya</i> one who removes an obstacle PvA.1.-- <i>ahata</i> unsoiled,clean,new D.II,160; J.I,50; Dāvs II.39.(Page 727),4,1
  4868. 188172,en,15,hatabba,hātabba,Hātabba,Hātabba,at Nett 7,32 may be interpreted as grd.of <i>hā</i> to go (pres.jihīte).The C.expl<sup>s</sup> it as “gametabba,netabba” (i.e.to be understood).Doubtful.(Page 730),7,1
  4869. 188191,en,15,hataka,hāṭaka,Hāṭaka,Hāṭaka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.hāṭaka,connected with hari; cp.Goth.gulp=E.gold] gold A.I,215; IV,255,258,262 (where T reads haṭaka,with <i>sātaka</i> as v.l.at all passages); Th.2,382; J.V,90.(Page 730),6,1
  4870. 188214,en,15,hatha,haṭha,Haṭha,Haṭha,[only as lexicogr.word; Dhtp 101=<i>balakkāra</i>] violence.(Page 727),5,1
  4871. 188222,en,15,hati,hati,Hati,Hati,(f.) [fr.<em>han</em>] destruction Dāvs.IV,17.(Page 728),4,1
  4872. 188235,en,15,hattha,haṭṭha,Haṭṭha,Haṭṭha,[pp.of haṃsati] 1.bristling,standing on end M.I,83; Dāvs.V,64; <i>lomahaṭṭhajāta</i> (cp.°loma) with bristling hairs,excited D.II,240; Sn.p.14.-- 2.joyful,happy Vin.I,15; Sn.1017; J.I,31,335; II,32; often comb<sup>d</sup> with either <i>tuṭṭha</i> (e.g.J.VI,427; PvA.113),or <i>pahaṭṭha</i> (DhA.III,292).(Page 727),6,1
  4873. 188245,en,15,hattha,hattha,Hattha,Hattha,[fr.<em>hṛ,</em> cp.Vedic hasta] 1.hand D.I,124; A.I,47; Sn.610; J.VI,40.-- forearm Vin.IV,221; of animals S.V,148; J.I,149; <i>°pāda</i> hand and foot M.I,523; A.I,47; J.II,117; PvA.241; DhA.IV,7.<i>sahassa°</i> thousand-armed Mhvs 30,75; <i>pañca°</i> having five hands J.V,425; J.V,431 (mukhassa ceva catunnaṃ ca caranāṇaṃ vasena etaṃ vuttaṃ); <i>kata°</i> a practised hand,practised (of an archer) S.I,62; A.II,48; J.IV,211.-- <i>hatthe karoti</i> to bring under one’s hand,to take possession of,to subdue J.VI,490; <i>hatthaṃ gacchati</i> to come under somebody’s hand,to come under the sway of J.I,179; <i>hatthaga</i> being in the power of; <i>hatthagata</i> fallen into the hand or possession of,<i>hatthappatta</i> what one can put one’s hand on,i.e.“before his very eyes” Vin.I,15.As <i>°hattha</i> in hand,--handed; e.g.<i>daṇḍa°</i> stick in hand J.I,59; <i>ritta°</i> empty-handed Sdhp.309; <i>vīṇā°</i> lute in hand Mhvs 30,75.Cp.<i>sa°</i> with one’s own hand.‹-› 2.the hand as measure,a cubit J.I,34,233 (asīti°,q.v.); Mhvs 38,52; Vism.92 (nava° sāṭaka).-- 3.a handful,a tuft (of hair) VvA.197.<br><br> <i>--aṅguli</i> finger PvA.124 (+pādaṅguli toe).<i>--aṭṭhika</i> hand-bone KhA 49.<i>--antara</i> a cubit Vism.124.<i>--âpalekhana</i> licking the hands (to clean them after eating -- cp.the 52<sup>nd</sup> Sekhiya Vin.IV,198) D.I,166; III,40; M.I,77,238,307; A.I,295 (v.l.°āva°); Pug.55.<i>--ābharaṇa</i> bracelet Vin.II,106.<i>--âbhijappana</i> (nt.) incantations to make a man throw up his hands D.I,11; DA.I,97.<i>--âlaṅkāra</i> a (wrist) bracelet,wristlet VvA.167.<i>--kacchapaka</i> making a hollow hand J.III,505.<i>--kamma</i> manual work,craft,workmanship,labour J.I,220; DhA.I,98,395; IV,64.<i>--gata</i> received,come into the possession of J.I,446; II,94,105; VvA.149; (nt.) possession J.VI,392.<i>--gahaṇa</i> seizing by the hand Vin.IV,220.<i>--cchinna</i> whose hand is cut off M.I,523; Miln.5.<i>--ccheda</i> cutting off the hand J.I,155 (read sugatiyā va hatthacchedādi).<i>--cchedana</i>=°cheda J.IV,192; DhA.III,482.<i>--tala</i> palm of the hand VvA.7.<i>--ttha</i> [cp.Sk.hasta-<em>stha</em>,of <em>sthā</em>] lit.standing in the hand of somebody,being in somebody’s power (cp.hattha-gata); used as abstr.<i>hatthattha</i> (nt.) power,captivity,<i>°ṃ gacchati </i>&<i> āgacchati</i> to come into the power of (Gen.),to be at the mercy of [cp.hattha-gata &#38; hatthaṃ gacchati] J.II,383 (āyanti hatthatthaṃ); IV,420,459; V,346 (°ṃ āgata).As pp.<i>hatth-attha-gata</i> in somebody’s power J.I,244; III,204; VI,582.An abstr.is further formed fr.<i>hatthattha</i> as <i>hatthatthatā</i> J.V,349 (°taṃ gata).The BSk.equivalent is <i>hastatvaṃ</i> MVastu II.182.<i>--pajjotikā</i> hand-illumination,scorching of the hand (by holding it in a torch),a kind of punishment M.I,87; A.I,47; II,122; Miln.197; Nd<sup>1</sup> 154.<i>--patāpaka</i> a coal-pan,heating of the hand Vv 33<sup>32</sup>; VvA.147; see <i>mandāmukhi</i>.<i> --pasāraṇa</i> stretching out one’s hand Vism.569.<i>--pāsa</i> the side of the hand,vicinity Vin.IV,221,230.<i>--bandha</i> a bracelet D.I,7; DA.I,89.<i>--vaṭṭaka</i> hand-cart Vin.II,276.<i>--vikāra</i> motion of the hand J.IV,491.<i>--sāra</i> hand-wealth,movable property DhA.I,240; J.I,114; DA.I,216.(Page 728),6,1
  4874. 188290,en,15,hatthaka,hatthaka,Hatthaka,Hatthaka,[hattha+ka] a handful,a quantity (lit.a little hand) Vv 45<sup>5</sup> (=kalāpa VvA.197).(Page 728),8,1
  4875. 188474,en,15,hatthin,hatthin,Hatthin,Hatthin,[Vedic hastin,lit.endowed with a hand,i.e.having a trunk] an elephant Vin.I,218,352; II,194 sq.(Nālāgiri)=J.V,335 (Nom.sg.hatthī; Gen.hatthissa); D.I,5; A.II,209; J.I,358; II,102; DhA.I,59 (correct haṭṭhi!),80 (Acc.pl.hatthī); size of an elephant Miln.312; one of the seven treasures D.I,89; II,174; often mentioned together with horses (°ass’ādayo),e.g.A.IV,107; M.III,104; Vism.269; DhA.I,392.<i>ekacārika-h</i>.,an elephant who wanders alone,a royal elephant J.III,175; <i>caṇḍa</i> h.rogue elephant M.I,519; DA.I,37.-- <i>hatthinī</i> (f.) a she-elephant Dh.105.<i>hatthinikā</i> (f.) the same Vin.I,277; D.I,49; DA.I,147.<br><br> <i>--atthara</i> elephant rug Vin.I,192; D.I,7; A.I,181.<i>--âcariya</i> elephant trainer Vin.I,345; J.II,94,221,411; IV,91; Miln.201.<i>--āroha</i> mounted on an elephant,an elephant-driver D.I,51; S.IV,310.<i>--âlaṅkāra</i> elephant’s trappings J.II,46.<i>--kanta=manta</i> el.charm DhA.I,163.<i>--kantavīṇā</i> lute enticing an elephant DhA.I,163.<i>--kalabha</i> the young of an elephant A.IV,435.<i>--kumbha</i> the frontal globe of an elephant J.II,245.<i>--kula</i> elephant species,ten enum<sup>d</sup> at VbhA.397.<i>--kkhandha</i> the shoulder or back of an elephant J.I,313; Mhvs VI,24.PvA.75.178.<i>--gopaka</i> an elephant’s groom or keeper J.I,187.<i>--damaka</i> elephant tamer M.III,132,136; SnA 161.<i>--damma</i> an elephant in training M.III,222.<i>--nakha</i> a sort of turrent projecting over the approach to a gate; °ka provided with such turrets,or supported on pillars with capitals of elephant heads Vin.II,169.<i>--pada</i> an elephant’s foot M.I,176,184; S.V,43; J.I,94.<i>--pākāra</i> “elephant-wall,” wall of the upper storey with figures of elephants in relief Mhvs 33,5.See Geiger,Mhvs trsl<sup>n</sup> 228,n.2.<i>--ppabhinna</i> a furious elephant Dh.326; M.I,236.<i>--bandha</i> J.I,135=hatthibhaṇḍa.<i>--bhaṇḍa</i> an elephant-keeper Vin.I,85; II,194.<i>--magga</i> elephant track J.II,102.<i>--maṅgala</i> an elephant festival J.II,46.<i>--matta</i> only as big as an elephant J.I,303.<i>--māraka</i> elephant hunter DhA.I,80.<i>--meṇḍa</i> an elephant’s groom J.III,431; V,287; VI,498.<i>--yāna</i> an elephant carriage,a riding elephant D.I,49; DA.I,147; PvA.55.<i>--yuddha</i> combat of elephants (as a theatrical show) D.I,6.<i>--rūpaka</i> elephant image or picture,toy elephant (+assa°) DhA.II,69.<i>--laṇḍa</i> elephant dung DhA.IV,156.<i>--liṅgasakuṇa</i> a vulture with a bill like an elephant’s trunk DhA.I,164.<i>--vatta</i> elephant habit Nd<sup>1</sup> 92.<i>--sālā</i> elephant stable Vin.I,277; II,194; DhA.I,393.<i>--sippa</i> the elephant lore,the professional knowledge of elephant-training J.II,221 sq.<i>--sutta</i> an elephant-trainer’s manual J.II,46 (cp.Mallinātha on Raghuv.VI,27).<i>--soṇḍaka</i> “elephant trunk,” an under-garment arranged with appendages like elephant trunks Vin.II,137.(Page 728),7,1
  4876. 188548,en,15,hatuna,hātūna,Hātūna,Hātūna,see <i>harati</i>.(Page 730),6,1
  4877. 188551,en,15,hava,hava,Hava,Hava,[cp.Vedc hava; <em>hū</em> or <em>hvā</em> to call] calling,challenge Dāvs II.14.(Page 730),4,1
  4878. 188562,en,15,have,have,Have,Have,(indecl.) [ha+ve] indeed,certainly Vin.I,2; D.II,168; S.I,169; Sn.120,181,323,462; Dh.104,151,177,382; J.I,31,365; DhA.II,228.(Page 730),4,1
  4879. 188575,en,15,havya,havya,Havya,Havya,(nt.) [Vedic havya; fr.<em>hū</em> to sacrifice] an oblation,offering S.I,169; Sn.463 sq.; 490.(Page 730),5,1
  4880. 188584,en,15,haya,haya,Haya,Haya,[cp.Vedic haya,fr.<i>hi</i> to impel.A diff.etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.haedus] 1.a horse Vv 64<sup>1</sup>; J.II,98; Miln.2.-- 2.speed M.I,446.<i>--°vāhin</i> drawn by horses J.VI,125.(Page 729),4,1
  4881. 188598,en,15,hayana,hāyana,Hāyana,Hāyana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Vedic hāyana] year; in <i>saṭṭhi°</i> 60 years old (of an elephant) M.I,229; J.II,343; VI,448,581.(Page 731),6,1
  4882. 188599,en,15,hayana,hāyana,Hāyana,Hāyana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>hā</em>] diminution,decay,decrease D.I,54; DA.I,165.Opposed to <i>vaḍḍhana</i> (increase) at M.I,518.(Page 731),6,1
  4883. 188621,en,15,hayati,hāyati,Hāyati,Hāyati,is Pass.of <i>jahati </i>[<em>hā</em>],in sense of “to be left behind,” as well as “to diminish,dwindle or waste away,disappear,” e.g.Nd<sup>1</sup> 147 (+pari°,antaradhāyati); Miln.297 (+khīyati); ppr.<i>hāyamāna</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 543.Cp.<i>hāyana</i>.(Page 730),6,1
  4884. 188637,en,15,hayin,hāyin,Hāyin,Hāyin,(adj.) [fr.<em>hā</em>] abandoning,leaving behind Sn.755= It.62 (maccu°).(Page 731),5,1
  4885. 188646,en,15,he,he,He,He,(indecl.) a vocative (exclam.) particle “eh,” “here,” hey M.I,125,126 (+je); DhA.I,176 (double).(Page 732),2,1
  4886. 188656,en,15,hehiti,hehiti,Hehiti,Hehiti,is Fut.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.of <i>bhavati</i>,e.g.Bu II.10=J.I,4 (v.20).(Page 733),6,1
  4887. 188668,en,15,hema,hema,Hema,Hema,(nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.heman] gold D.II,187; J.VI,574.<br><br> <i>--jāla</i> golden netting (as cover of chariots etc.) A.IV,393; Vv 35<sup>1</sup>,36<sup>2</sup> (°ka).<i>--vaṇṇa</i> golden-coloured D.II,134; Th.2,333; ThA.235; DhsA.317.(Page 733),4,1
  4888. 188692,en,15,hemanta,hemanta,Hemanta,Hemanta,[hema(=hima)+anta] winter A.IV,138; J.I,86; Miln.274.(Page 733),7,1
  4889. 188697,en,15,hemantika,hemantika,Hemantika,Hemantika,(adj.) [fr.hemanta] destined for the winter,wintry,icy cold Vin.I,15,31 (rattiyo),288; M.I,79; S.V,51; A.IV,127; Vism.73.(Page 733),9,1
  4890. 188718,en,15,hemavataka,hemavataka,Hemavataka,Hemavataka,(adj.) [fr.himavant] belonging to,living in the Himālaya J.I,506; IV,374,437; <i>°vatika</i> id.Dpvs.V,54.(Page 733),10,1
  4891. 188732,en,15,herannika,heraññika,Heraññika,Heraññika,( &#38; °aka) [fr.hirañña,cp.BSk.hairaṇyika Divy 501; MVastu III,443] goldsmith (? for which suvaṇṇakāra!),banker,money-changer Vism.515=VbhA.91; J.I,369; III,193; DA.I,315; Miln.331 (goldsmith?).<br><br> <i>--phalaka</i> the bench (i.e.table,counter) of a money changer or banker Vism.437=VbhA.115; J.II,429; III,193 sq.(Page 733),9,1
  4892. 188744,en,15,hesa,hesā,Hesā,Hesā,(f.) [fr.hesati] neighing,neigh Dāvs.V,56.(Page 733),4,1
  4893. 188752,en,15,hesati,hesati,Hesati,Hesati,[both <em>heṣ</em> (Vedic) &#38; <em>hreṣ</em> (Epic Sk.); in Pāli confused with <i>hṛṣ</i> (hasati):see hasati<sup>2</sup>] to neigh J.I,51,62 (here <i>hasati</i>); V,304 (T.siṃsati for hiṃsati; C.expl<sup>s</sup> <i>hiṃsati</i> as “hessati,” cp.abhihiṃsanā for °hesanā).‹-› pp.<i>hesita</i>.(Page 733),6,1
  4894. 188757,en,15,hesita,hesita,Hesita,Hesita,(nt.) [pp.of hesati] neighing J.I,62 (here as <i>hasita</i>); Mhvs 23,72.(Page 733),6,1
  4895. 188763,en,15,hessati,hessati,Hessati,Hessati,is:1.Fut.of <i>bhavati</i>,e.g.J.III,279.-- 2.Fut.of jahati,e.g.J.IV,415; VI,441.(Page 733),7,1
  4896. 188769,en,15,hetam,hetaṃ,Hetaṃ,Hetaṃ,=hi etaṃ.(Page 733),5,1
  4897. 188776,en,15,hethaka,heṭhaka,Heṭhaka,Heṭhaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.heṭheti] one who harasses,a robber J.IV,495,498.Cp.<i>vi°</i>.(Page 733),7,1
  4898. 188783,en,15,hethana,heṭhanā,Heṭhanā,Heṭhanā,(f.) [fr.heṭheti] harassing D.II,243; VbhA.75.(Page 733),7,1
  4899. 188801,en,15,hetheti,heṭheti,Heṭheti,Heṭheti,[Vedic <i>heḍ=hel</i> or <i>hīḍ</i> (see hīḷeti)] to harass,worry,injure J.IV,446,471; Pv III,5<sup>2</sup> (=bādheti PvA.198); ppr.<i>a-heṭhayaṃ</i> Dh.49; S.I,21.med.<i>a-heṭhayāna</i> S.I,7; IV,179; ger.<i>heṭhayitvāna</i> J.III,480.-- pp.<i>heṭhayita</i> J.IV,447.(Page 733),7,1
  4900. 188818,en,15,hettha,heṭṭhā,Heṭṭhā,Heṭṭhā,(indecl.) [cp.Vedic adhastāt=adhaḥ+Abl.suff.°tāt] down,below,underneath Vin.I,15; D.I,198; It.114; J.I,71; VvA.78; PvA.113.As prep.with Gen.(Abl.) or cpd.“under” J.I,176; II,103; lower in the manuscript,i.e.before,above J.I,137,206,350; VvA.203; lower,farther on J.I,235.<br><br> <i>--āsana</i> a lower seat J.I,176.<i>--nāsika-(sota)</i> the lower nostril J.I,164.<i>--bhāga</i> lower part J.I,209,484.<i>--mañce</i> underneath the bed J.I,197 (°mañcato from under the bed); II,275,419; IV,365.<i>--vāta</i> the wind below,a wind blowing underneath J.I,481.<i>--sīsaka</i> head downwards J.III,13.(Page 732),6,1
  4901. 188850,en,15,hetthato,heṭṭhato,Heṭṭhato,Heṭṭhato,(adv.) [fr.heṭṭhā] below,from below Ps.I,84; Dhs.1282,1284,Mhvs 5,64.(Page 732),8,1
  4902. 188863,en,15,hetthima,heṭṭhima,Heṭṭhima,Heṭṭhima,(adj.) [compar.-superl.formation fr.heṭṭhā] lower,lowest Vin.IV,168; Dhs.1016; Tikp 41; PvA.281; Sdhp.238,240,256.<i>°tala</i> the lowest level J.I,202.(Page 733),8,1
  4903. 188880,en,15,hetu,hetu,Hetu,Hetu,[Vedic hetu,fr.<em>hi</em> to impel] 1.cause,reason,condition S.I,134; A.III,440 sq.; Dhs.595,1053; Vism.450; Tikp 11,233,239.In the older use <i>paccaya</i> and <i>hetu</i> are almost identical as synonyms,e.g.n’atthi hetu n’atthi paccayo D.I,53; aṭṭha hetū aṭṭha paccayā D.III,284 sq.; cp.S.III,69 sq.; D.II,107; M.I,407; A.I,55 sq.,66,200; IV,151 sq.; but later they were differentiated (see Mrs.Rh.D.,Tikp introd.p.xi.sq.).The diff.between the two is expl<sup>d</sup> e.g.at Nett 78 sq.; DhsA.303.-- There are a number of other terms,with which <i>hetu</i> is often comb<sup>d</sup>,apparently without distinction in meaning,e.g.hetu paccaya kāraṇa Nd<sup>2</sup> 617 (s.v.saṅkhā); mūla h.nidāna sambhava pabhava samuṭṭhāna āhāra ārammaṇa paccaya samudaya:frequent in the Niddesa (see Nd<sup>2</sup> p.231,s.v.mūla).‹-› In the Abhidhamma we find hetu as “moral condition” referring to the 6 <i>mūlas</i> or bases of good &#38; bad kamma,viz.<i>lobha</i>,<i> dosa</i>,<i> moha</i> and their opposites:Dhs.1053 sq.; Kvu 532 sq.-- Four kinds of hetu are distinguished at DhsA.303=VbhA.402,viz.hetu°,paccaya°,uttama°,sādhāraṇa°.Another 4 at Tikp 27,viz.kusala°,akusala°,vipāka°,kiriya°,and 9 at Tikp 252,viz.kusala°,akusala°,avyākata°,in 3X3 constellations (cp.DhsA.303).-- On term in detail see Cpd.279 sq.; Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> §§ 1053,1075.-- Abl.<i>hetuso</i> from or by way of (its) cause S.V,304; A.III,417.-- Acc.<i>hetu</i> (-°) (elliptically as adv.) on account of,for the sake of (with Gen.); e.g.dāsa-kammakara-porisassa hetu M.II,187; <i>kissa hetu</i> why? A.III,303; IV,393; Sn.1131; Pv.II,8<sup>1</sup> (=kiṃ nimittaṃ PvA.106); <i>pubbe kata°</i> by reason (or in consequence) of what was formerly done A.I,173 sq.; <i>dhana°</i> for the sake of gain Sn.122.-- 2.suitability for the attainment of Arahantship,one of the 8 conditions precedent to becoming a Buddha Bu II.59=J.I,14,44.‹-› 3.logic Miln.3.<br><br> <i>--paccaya</i> the moral causal relation,the first of the 24 Paccayas in the <i>Paṭṭhāna</i> Tikp 1 sq.,23 sq.,60 sq.,287,320; Dukp 8,41 sq.; Vism.532; VbhA.174.<i>--pabhava</i> arising from a cause,conditioned Vin.I,40; DhA.I,92.<i>--vāda</i> the theory of cause,as adj.“proclaimer of a cause,” name of a sect M.I,409; opp.<i>ahetu-vāda</i> “denier of a cause” (also a sect) M.I,408; <i>ahetu-vādin</i> id.J.V,228,241 (=Jtm 149).(Page 733),4,1
  4904. 188891,en,15,hetuka,hetuka,Hetuka,Hetuka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.hetu] connected with a cause,causing or caused,conditioned by,consisting in Mhvs 1,45 (maṇi-pallaṅka°); Dhs.1009 (pahātabba°); VbhA.17 (du°,ti°).usually as <i>sa°</i> and <i>a°</i> (with &#38; without a moral condition) A.I,82; Vism.454 sq.; Dukp 24 sq.<i>sa°</i> Dhs.1073 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “having root-conditions as concomitants”); Kvu 533 (“accompanied by moral conditions”); <i>a°</i> S.III,210 (°vāda,as a “diṭṭhi”); Vism.450.(Page 733),6,1
  4905. 188918,en,15,hetutta,hetutta,Hetutta,Hetutta,(nt.) [abstr.formation fr.hetu] reason,consequence; Abl.in consequence of (-°) Vism.424 (diṭṭhivisuddhi°).(Page 733),7,1
  4906. 188929,en,15,hetuye,hetuye,Hetuye,Hetuye,see <i>bhavati</i>.(Page 733),6,1
  4907. 188935,en,15,hevam,hevaṃ,Hevaṃ,Hevaṃ,see <i>hi</i>.(Page 733),5,1
  4908. 188948,en,15,hi,hi,Hi,Hi,(indecl.) [cp.Sk.hi] for,because; indeed,surely Vin.I,13; D.I,4; Dh.5; Sn.21; Pv.II,1<sup>18</sup>; II,7<sup>10</sup> (=hi saddo avadhāraṇe PvA.103); SnA 377 (=hi-kāro nipāto padapūraṇa-matto); PvA.70,76.In verse J.IV,495.<i>h’etaṃ</i> =hi etaṃ; <i>no h’etaṃ</i> not so D.I,3.<i>hevaṃ</i>=hi evaṃ.(Page 731),2,1
  4909. 188963,en,15,hikka,hikkā,Hikkā,Hikkā,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.hikkā,fr.<em>hikk</em> to sob; onomat.] hiccup Sdhp.279.(Page 731),5,1
  4910. 188965,en,15,hikkara,hikkāra,Hikkāra,Hikkāra,[hik+kāra]=hikkā,VbhA.70.(Page 731),7,1
  4911. 188987,en,15,hilana,hīḷana,Hīḷana,Hīḷana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.<em>hīḍ</em>] scorn(ing),disdain,contempt Miln.357; DA.I,276 (of part.“re”:hīlana-vasena āmantanaṃ); as <i>°ā</i> at Vbh.353 (+ohīḷanā); VbhA.486.(Page 732),6,1
  4912. 189002,en,15,hileti,hīḷeti,Hīḷeti,Hīḷeti,[Vedic <em>hīḍ</em> or <em>hel</em> to be hostile; cp.Av.ƶēaša awful; Goth.us-geisnan to be terrified.Connected also with hiṃsati.-- The Dhtp (637) defines by “nindā”] 1.to be vexed,to grieve S.I,308; to vex,grieve Vv 84<sup>46</sup>.‹-› 2.to scorn,disdain,to feel contempt for,despise D.II,275; Sn.713 (appaṃ dānaṃ na hīḷeyya); J.II,258; DA.I,256 (=vambheti); DhA.IV,97; Miln.169 (+garahati).-- pp.<i>hīḷita</i>.(Page 732),6,1
  4913. 189010,en,15,hilita,hīḷita,Hīḷita,Hīḷita,[pp.of hīḷeti] despised,looked down upon,scorned Vin.IV,6; Miln.227,251; Vism.424 (+ohīḷita oññāta etc.); DA.I,256.(Page 732),6,1
  4914. 189022,en,15,hima,hima,Hima,Hima,(adj.-n.) [cp.Vedic hima; Gr.xeίma &#38; xeimw/n winter,xiw/n snow; Av.ƶaya winter; Lat.hiems etc.] cold,frosty DhsA.317.-- (nt.) ice,snow J.III,55.<br><br> <i>--pāta-samaya</i> the season of snow-fall Vin.I,31,288; M.I,79; J.I,390; Miln.396.<i>--vāta</i> a snow or ice wind J.I,390.(Page 731),4,1
  4915. 189046,en,15,himavant,himavant,Himavant,Himavant,(adj.) [hima+vant] snowy J.V,63 (=himayutta C.).(m.) <i>Himavā</i> the Himālaya:see Dict.of Names.(Page 731),8,1
  4916. 189064,en,15,himsa,hiṃsā,Hiṃsā,Hiṃsā,(f.) [Vedic hiṃsā] injury,killing J.I,445; Dhtp 387.<i>hiṃsa-mano</i> wish to destroy Dh.390.Opp.<i>a°</i>.(Page 731),5,1
  4917. 189078,en,15,himsana,hiṃsana,Hiṃsana,Hiṃsana,(nt.) [fr.<em>hiṃs</em>] striking,hurting,killing Mhvs 15,28.(Page 731),7,1
  4918. 189102,en,15,himsati,hiṃsati,Hiṃsati,Hiṃsati,<i> </i>[<em>hiṃs</em>,Vedic hinasti &#38; hiṃsanti] 1.to hurt,injure D.II,243; S.I,70; Sn.515; Dh.132; Pv.II,9<sup>9</sup> (=bādheti C.); III,4<sup>2</sup> (=paribādheti C.); SnA 460.-- 2.to kill M.I,39; Dh.270.-- Caus.II.<i>hiṃsāpeti</i> PvA.123.-- Cp.<i>vi°</i>.(Page 731),7,1
  4919. 189113,en,15,himsitar,hiṃsitar,Hiṃsitar,Hiṃsitar,[n.ag.fr.hiṃsati] one who hurts D.II,243; J.IV,121.(Page 731),8,1
  4920. 189122,en,15,hina,hīna,Hīna,Hīna,[pp.of jahati] 1.inferior,low; poor,miserable; vile,base,abject,contemptible,despicable Vin.I,10; D.I,82,98; S.II,154 (hīnaṃ dhātuṃ paṭicca uppajjati hīnā saññā); III,47; IV,88,309 (citta h.duggata); D.III,106,111 sq.,215 (dhātu); A.II,154; III,349 sq.; V,59 sq.; Sn.799,903 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 48,103,107,146; J.II,6; Pv IV.1<sup>27</sup> (opp.paṇīta); Vv 24<sup>13</sup> (=lāmaka VvA.116); Dhs.1025; DhsA.45; Miln.288; Vism.13; DhA.III,163.-- Often opposed to <i>ukkaṭṭha</i> (exalted,decent,noble),e.g.Vin.IV,6; J.I,20,22; III,218; VbhA.410; or in graduated sequence <i>hīna (›majjhima)›paṇīta</i> (i.e.low,medium,excellent),e.g.Vism.11,85 sq.,424,473.See <i>majjhima</i>.-- 2.deprived of,wanting,lacking Sn.725= It.106 (ceto-vimutti°); Pug.35.-- <i>hīnāya āvattati</i> to turn to the lower,to give up orders,return to secular life Vin.I,17; S.II,231; IV,191; Ud.21; A.III,393 sq.; M.I,460; Sn.p.92; Pug.66; <i>hīnāya vattati</i> id.J.I,276; <i>hīnāy’āvatta</i> one who returns to the world M.I,460,462; S.II,50; IV,103; Nd<sup>1</sup> 147.<br><br> <i>--âdhimutta</i> having low inclinations J.III,87; Pug.26; °ika id.S.II,157; It.70.<i>--kāya</i> inferior assembly VvA.298 (here meaning Yamaloka); PvA.5.<i>--jacca</i> lowborn,low-caste J.II,5; III,452; V,19,257.<i>--vāda</i> one whose doctrine is defective Sn.827; Nd<sup>1</sup> 167.<i>--viriya</i> lacking in energy It.116; DhA.I,75; II,260.(Page 732),4,1
  4921. 189171,en,15,hindagu,hindagu,Hindagu,Hindagu,[probably for <i>indagu</i>,inda+gu (=°ga),i.e.sprung from Indra.The <i>h</i> perhaps fr.<i>hindu</i>.The spelling <i>h°</i> is a corrupt one] man,only found in the Niddesa in stock def<sup>n</sup> of <i>jantu</i> or <i>nara;</i> both spellings (with &#38; without h) occur; see Nd<sup>1</sup> 3=Nd<sup>2</sup> 249.(Page 731),7,1
  4922. 189173,en,15,hindati,hiṇḍati,Hiṇḍati,Hiṇḍati,[*Sk.<em>hiṇḍ</em>] to roam Dhtp 108 (=āhiṇḍana).See ā°.(Page 731),7,1
  4923. 189182,en,15,hingu,hiṅgu,Hiṅgu,Hiṅgu,(nt.) [Sk.hiṅgu] the plant asafetida Vin.I,201; VvA.186.<br><br> <i>--cuṇṇa</i> powder of asafetida DhA.IV,171.<i>--rāja</i> a sort of bird J.VI,539.(Page 731),5,1
  4924. 189193,en,15,hingulaka,hiṅgulaka,Hiṅgulaka,Hiṅgulaka,[cp.Sk.hiṅgula,nt.] vermilion; as <i>jāti°</i> J.V,67.416; VvA<sup>4</sup>,168.Also as <i>°ikā</i> (f.) VvA.324.(Page 731),9,1
  4925. 189199,en,15,hinguli,hiṅguli,Hiṅguli,Hiṅguli,[Sk.hiṅguli] vermilion Mhvs 27,18.(Page 731),7,1
  4926. 189209,en,15,hinkara,hiṅkāra,Hiṅkāra,Hiṅkāra,(indecl.) [hiṃ=hi,+kāra,i.e.the syllable “hiṃ”] an exclamation of surprise or wonder J.VI,529 (C.hin ti kāraṇaṃ).(Page 731),7,1
  4927. 189219,en,15,hintala,hintāla,Hintāla,Hintāla,[hiṃ+tāla] a kind of palm,Phœnix paludosa Vin.I,190; DhA.III,451.(Page 731),7,1
  4928. 189231,en,15,hira,hīra,Hīra,Hīra,[cp.late Sk.hīra] 1.a necklace (?) VvA.176.-- 2.a small piece,splinter J.IV,30 (sakalika°); <i>hīrahīraṃ karoti</i> to cut to pieces,to chop up J.I,9; DhA.I,224 (+khaṇḍâkhaṇḍaṃ).(Page 732),4,1
  4929. 189237,en,15,hiraka,hīraka,Hīraka,Hīraka,[hīra+ka,cp.lexic.Sk.hīraka “diamond”] a splinter; tāla° “palm-splinter,” a name for a class of worms Vism.258.(Page 732),6,1
  4930. 189244,en,15,hiranna,hirañña,Hirañña,Hirañña,(nt.) [Vedic hiraṇya; see etym.under <i>hari</i> &#38; cp.Av.ƶaranya gold] gold Vin.I,245,276; II,159; A.IV,393; Sn.285,307,769; Nd<sup>2</sup> 11; gold-piece S.I,89; J.I,92.Often together with <i>suvaṇṇa</i> Vin.I,150; D.II,179; <i>h°-suvaṇṇaṃ</i> gold &#38; money M.III,175; J.I,341.<i>°olokana</i> (-kamma) valuation of gold J.II,272.(Page 731),7,1
  4931. 189256,en,15,hirati,hīrati,Hīrati,Hīrati,is Pass.of <i>harati</i>.(Page 732),6,1
  4932. 189262,en,15,hiri,hiri,Hiri,Hiri, &#38; hirī (f.) [cp.Vedic hrī] sense of shame,bashfulness,shyness S.I,33; D.III,212; A.I,51,95; III,4 sq.,331,352; IV,11,29; Sn.77,253,719; Pug.71; Pv IV.7<sup>3</sup>; J.I,129,207; Nett 50,82; Vism.8.Expl<sup>d</sup> Pug.23 sq.; is one of the <i>cāga-dhana’s:</i> see <i>cāga</i> (cp.Jtm 31<sup>1</sup>).-- Often contrasted to &#38; combined with <i>ottappa</i> (cp.below) fear of sin:A.I,51; D.III,284; S.II,206; It.36; Nett 39; their difference is expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.464 (“kāya-duccarit’ādīhi hiriyatī ti hiri; lajjāy’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ; tehi yeva ottappatī ti ottappaṃ; pāpato ubbegass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ”); J.I,129 sq.; DhsA.124.<br><br> <i>--ottappa</i> shame &#38; fear of sin M.I,271; S.II,220; It.34; A.II,78; J.I,127,206; Tikp 61; Vism.221; DhA.III,73.Frequently spelt <i>otappa</i>,e.g.J.I,129; It.36.<i>--kopīna</i> a loin cloth M.I,10; Vism.31,195.<i>--nisedha</i> restrained by conscience S.I,7,168=Sn.462; Dh.143; DhA.III,86.<i>--bala</i> the power of conscientiousness A.II,150; Dhs.30,101.<i>--mana</i> modest in heart,conscientious D.II,78; M.I,43; S.II,159.(Page 732),4,1
  4933. 189272,en,15,hirika,hirika,Hirika,Hirika,( &#38; hirīka) (adj.) [fr.hiri] having shame,only as --° in neg.<i>ahirika</i> shameless,unscrupulous A.I,51,85; II,219; Pug.19; It.27 (°īka); J.I,258 (chinna° id.); nt.<i>°ṃ</i> unscrupulousness Pug.19.(Page 732),6,1
  4934. 189282,en,15,hirimant,hirimant,Hirimant,Hirimant,( &#38; hirīmant) (adj.) [fr.hiri] bashful,modest,shy D.III,252,282; S.II,207 sq.; IV,243 sq.; A.II,218,227; III,2 sq.,7 sq.,112; IV,2 sq.,38,109; V,124,148; It.97; Pug.23.(Page 732),8,1
  4935. 189295,en,15,hirivera,hirivera,Hirivera,Hirivera,(nt.) [cp.Sk.hrīvera] a kind of Andropogon (sort of perfume) J.VI,537; DA.I,81.<i>Hilādati </i>[<em>hlād</em>] to refresh oneself,to be glad Dhtp 152 (=sukha),591 (id.).(Page 732),8,1
  4936. 189298,en,15,hiriya,hiriya,Hiriya,Hiriya,(m. &#38; nt.) [fr.hiri] shame,conscientiousness VvA.194.(Page 732),6,1
  4937. 189307,en,15,hiriyati,hiriyati,Hiriyati,Hiriyati,(hirīyati) [see harāyati] to blush,to be shy; to feel conscientious scruple,to be ashamed Pug.20,24; Miln.171; Vism.464 (hirīyati); DhsA.149.(Page 732),8,1
  4938. 189338,en,15,hita,hita,Hita,Hita,(adj.) [pp.of dahati<sup>1</sup>] useful,suitable,beneficial,friendly A.I,58,155 sq.; II,191; D.III,211 sq.; Dh.163.-- (m.) a friend,benefactor Mhvs 3,37.-- (nt.) benefit,blessing,good Vin.I,4; Sn.233; A.II,96 sq.,176; It.78; SnA 500.-- Opp.<i>ahita</i> A.I,194; M.I,332.<br><br> <i>--ânukampin</i> friendly &#38; compassionate D.I,4,227; Sn.693; J.I,241,244.<i>--ûpacāra</i> beneficial conduct.saving goodness J.I,172.<i>--esin</i> desiring another’s welfare,well-wishing M.II,238; S.IV,359; V,157; °tā seeking another’s welfare,solicitude Dhs.1056; DhsA.362; VvA.260.<i>--kara</i> a benefactor Mhvs 4,65.<i>Hinati </i>[<i>hi</i>,hinoti] to send; only in cpd.<i>pahiṇati</i>.(Page 731),4,1
  4939. 189386,en,15,hiyati,hīyati,Hīyati,Hīyati,is Pass.of <i>jahati</i>.(Page 732),6,1
  4940. 189406,en,15,hiyyo,hiyyo,Hiyyo,Hiyyo,(adv.) [Vedic hyaḥ,Gr.xqέs,Lat.heri; Goth.gistradagis “to-morrow,” E.yester-day,Ger.gestern etc.] yesterday Vin.I,28; II,77; J.I,70,237; V,461; VI,352,386; Miln.9.In sequence <i>ajja hiyyo</i> pare it seems to mean “to-morrow”; thus at Vin.IV,63,69; J.IV,481 (=sve C.).See <i>para</i> 2.c.(Page 731),5,1
  4941. 189419,en,15,homa,homa,Homa,Homa,(m. &#38; nt.) [fr.<em>hu</em>,juhati] oblation D.I,9; DA.I,93 (lohita°).(Page 733),4,1
  4942. 189439,en,15,horapathaka,horāpāṭhaka,Horāpāṭhaka,Horāpāṭhaka,[late Sk.horā “hour” (in astrol.literature,fr.Gr.w(ρa:cp.Winternitz,Gesch.d.Ind.Lit.III,569 sq.)+pāṭhaka,i.e.expert) an astrologer Mhvs 35,71.(Page 733),11,1
  4943. 189457,en,15,hoti,hoti,Hoti,Hoti,hotabba etc.see <i>bhavati</i>.(Page 733),4,1
  4944. 189462,en,15,hotta,hotta,Hotta,Hotta,(nt.) [Vedic hotra] (function of) offering; <i>aggi°</i> the sacrificial fire SnA 436 (v.l.BB °hutta).(Page 733),5,1
  4945. 189481,en,15,huhunka,huhuṅka,Huhuṅka,Huhuṅka,(adj.) [fr.huṃ] saying “huṃ,huṃ,” i.e.grumbly,rough; <i>°jātika</i> one who has a grumbly nature,said of the brahmins Vin.I,2; Ud.3 (“proud of his caste” Seidenstūcker).<i>nihuhuṅka</i> (=nis+h.) not grumbly (or proud),gentle Vin.I,3; Ud.3.Thus also Kern,Toev.I.137; differently Hardy in J.P.T.S.1901,42 (“uttering &#38; putting confidence into the word huṃ”) Bdhgh (Vin.I,362) says:“diṭṭha-maṅgaliko mānavasena kodhavasena ca huhun ti karonto vicarati.” (Page 732),7,1
  4946. 189488,en,15,hukku,hukku,Hukku,Hukku,the sound uttered by a jackal J.III,113.(Page 732),5,1
  4947. 189491,en,15,hum,huṃ,Huṃ,Huṃ,(indecl.) the sound “huṃ” an utterance of discontent or refusal DhA.III,108=VvA.77; Vism.96.Cp.<i>haṃ</i>.<i> huṅkāra</i> growling,grumbling Vism.105.<i>huṅkaroti</i> to grumble DhA.I,173.<i>huṅkaraṇa</i>=°kāra DhA.I,173 sq.See also <i>huhuṅka</i>.(Page 732),3,1
  4948. 189498,en,15,hunitabba,hunitabba,Hunitabba,Hunitabba,is grd.of <i>juhati</i> “to be sacrificed,” or “venerable” Vism.219 (=āhuneyya).(Page 732),9,1
  4949. 189507,en,15,hupeyya,hupeyya,Hupeyya,Hupeyya,“it may be” Vin.I,8;=<i>huveyya</i> M.I,171.See <i>bhavati</i>.(Page 732),7,1
  4950. 189517,en,15,huram,huraṃ,Huraṃ,Huraṃ,(adv.) [of uncertain origin] there,in the other world,in another existence.As prep.with Acc.“on the other side of,” i.e.before Sn.1084; Nd<sup>1</sup> 109; usually in connection <i>idha vā huraṃ vā</i> in this world or the other S.I,12; Dh.20; Sn.224=J.I,96; <i>hurāhuraṃ</i> from existence to existence Dh.334; Th.1,399; Vism.107; DhA.IV,43.-- The expl<sup>n</sup> by Morris J.P.T.S.1884,105 may be discarded as improbable.(Page 732),5,1
  4951. 189529,en,15,huta,huta,Huta,Huta,[pp.of juhati] sacrificed,worshipped,offered Vin.I,36=J.I,83; D.I,55; J.I,83 (nt.“oblation”); Vv 34<sup>26</sup> (su°,+sudinna,suyiṭṭha); Pug.21; Dhs.1215; DA.I,165; DhA.II,234.<br><br> <i>--āsana</i> [cp.Sk.hutāśana] the fire,lit.“oblationeater” Dāvs II.43; Vism.171 (=aggi).(Page 732),4,1
  4952. 189549,en,15,huti,hūti,Hūti,Hūti,(f.) [fr.<em>hū</em>,<i> </i><em>hvā</em> “to call,” cp.avhayati] calling,challenging S.I,208.(Page 732),4,1
  4953. 189558,en,15,hutta,hutta,Hutta,Hutta,(nt.) [cp.Vedic hotra] sacrifice:see <i>aggi°</i>.(Page 732),5,1
  4954. 189587,en,15,i,i,I,I,in <i>i-kāra</i> the letter or sound i SnA 12 (°lopa),508 (id.).(Page 117),1,1
  4955. 189604,en,15,ibbha,ibbha,Ibbha,Ibbha,(adj.) [Ved.ibhya belonging to the servants] menial; a retainer,in the phrase <i>muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kaṇhā</i> (kiṇhā) <i>bandhupādâpaccā</i> D.I,90 (v.l.SS imbha; T.kiṇhā,v.l.kaṇhā),91,103; M.I,334 (kiṇhā,v.l.kaṇhā).Also at J.VI,214.Expl<sup>d.</sup> by Bdhgh.as gahapatika at DA.I,254,(also at J.VI,215).(Page 122),5,1
  4956. 189638,en,15,iccha,iccha,Iccha,Iccha,(-°) (adj.) [the adj.form of icchā] wishing,longing,having desires,only in pāp° having evil desires S.I,50; II,156; an° without desires S.I,61,204; Sn.707; app° id.Sn.628,707.(Page 117),5,1
  4957. 189647,en,15,iccha,icchā,Icchā,Icchā,(f.) [fr.icchati,<em>iṣ<sup>2</sup></em>] wish,longing,desire D.II,243; III,75; S.I,40 (°dhūpāyito loko),44 (naraṃ parikassati); A.II,143; IV,293 sq.; 325 sq.; V,40,42 sq.; Sn.773,872; Dh.74,264 (°lobha-samāpanna); Nd<sup>1</sup> 29,30; Pug.19; Dhs.1059,1136; Vbh.101,357,361,370; Nett 18,23,24; Asl.363; DhsA.250 (read icchā for issā? See Dhs.trsl.100); SnA 108; PvA.65,155; Sdhp.242,320.<br><br> <i>--âvacara</i> moving in desires M.I,27 (pāpaka); Nett 27.<i>--âvatiṇṇa</i> affected with desire,overcome by covetousness Sn.306.<i>--pakata</i> same Vin.I,97; A.III,119,191,219 sq.; Pug.69; Miln.357; Vism.24 (where Bdhgh however takes it as “icchāya apakata” and puts apakata = upadduta).<i>--vinaya</i> discipline of one’s wishes D.III,252,A.IV,15; V,165 sq.(Page 118),5,1
  4958. 189685,en,15,icchaka,icchaka,Icchaka,Icchaka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.iccha] wishing,desirous,only in nt.adv.yad-icchikaṃ (and yen°) after one’s wish or liking M.III,97; A.III,28.(Page 117),7,1
  4959. 189703,en,15,icchana,icchana,Icchana,Icchana,(nt.) [fr.<em>iṣ<sup>2</sup></em>,cp.Sk.īpsana] desiring,wish J.IV,5; VI,244.(Page 118),7,1
  4960. 189770,en,15,icchata,icchatā,Icchatā,Icchatā,(-°) (f.) [abstr.fr.icchā] wishfulness,wishing:only in <i>aticchatā</i> too great wish for,covetousness,greed Vbh.350 (cp.aticchati,which is probably the primary basis of the word); <i>mah° </i>&<i> pāp°</i> Vbh.351,370.(Page 118),7,1
  4961. 189778,en,15,icchati,icchati,Icchati,Icchati,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.rcchati of <em>ṛ</em>,concerning which see appeti] see <i>aticchati</i> &#38; cp.<i>icchatā</i>.(Page 118),7,1
  4962. 189779,en,15,icchati,icchati,Icchati,Icchati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.icchati,<em>iṣ</em>,cp.Av.isaiti,Obulg.iskati,Ohg.eiscōn,Ags.āscian = E.ask; all of same meaning “seek,wish”] to wish,desire,ask for (c.Acc.),expect S.I,210 (dhammaṃ sotuṃ i.); Sn.127,345,512,813,836; Dh.162,291; Nd<sup>1</sup> 3,138,164; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Pv.II,6<sup>3</sup>; Pug.19; Miln.269,327; SnA 16,23,321; KhA 17; PvA.20,71,74; Pot.<i>icche</i> Dh.84; Sn.835 Pv.II,6<sup>6</sup> &#38; <i>iccheyya</i> D.II,2,10; Sn.35; Dh.73,88; ppr.<i>icchaṃ</i> Sn.826,831,937; Dh.334 (phalaṃ) aor.<i>icchi</i> PvA.31.-- grd.<i>icchitabba</i> PvA.8.-- pp.<i>iṭṭha </i>&<i> icchita</i> (q.v.).‹-› Note.In prep.-cpds.the root <em>iṣ</em><i><sup>2</sup></i> (icchati) is confused with root <i>iṣ<sup>1</sup></i> (iṣati,eṣati) with pp.both °iṭṭha and °iṣita.Thus ajjhesati,pp.ajjhiṭṭha &#38; ajjhesita; anvesati (Sk.anvicehati); pariyesati (Sk.parīcchati),pp.pariyiṭṭha &#38; pariyesita.(Page 118),7,1
  4963. 189825,en,15,icchita,icchita,Icchita,Icchita,[pp.of icchati] wished,desired,longed for J.I,208; DhsA.364; PvA.3,53,64 (read anicchita for anijjhiṭṭha,which may be a contamination of icchita &#38; iṭṭha),113,127 (twice).(Page 118),7,1
  4964. 189926,en,15,ida,ida,Ida,Ida, &#38; Idaṃ (indecl.) [nt.of ayaṃ (idaṃ) in function of a deictic part.] emphatic demonstr.adv.in local,temporal &#38; modal function,as (1) in this,here:<i>idappaccayatā</i> having its foundation in this,i.e.causally connected,by way of cause Vin.I,5 = S.I,136; D.I,185; Dhs.1004,1061; Vbh.340,362,365; Vism.518; etc.-- (2) now,then which idha is more freq.) D.II,267,270,almost syn.(for with kira.-- (3) just (this),even so,only:<i>idam-atthika</i> just sufficient,proper,right Th.1,984 (cīvara); Pug.69 (read so for °maṭṭhika,see Pug.A 250); as idam-atthitā “being satisfied with what is sufficient” at Vism.81:expl<sup>d.</sup> as <i>atthika-bhāva</i> at Pug.A 250.<i>idaṃsaccâbhinivesa</i> inclination to say:only this is the truth,i.e.inclination to dogmatise,one of the four <i>kāya-ganthā</i>,viz.abhijjhā,byāpāda,sīlabbata-parāmāsa,idaṃ° (see Dhs.1135 &#38; Dhs.trsl.304); D.III,230; S.V,59; Nd<sup>1</sup> 98; Nett 115 sq.(Page 120),3,1
  4965. 189971,en,15,idani,idāni,Idāni,Idāni,(indecl.) [Vedic idānīṃ] now Dh.235,237; KhA 247.(Page 120),5,1
  4966. 190002,en,15,iddha,iddha,Iddha,Iddha,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of ijjhati; cp.Sk.ṛddha] (a) prosperous,opulent,wealthy D.I,211 (in idiomatic phrase iddha phīta bahujana,of a prosperous town); A.III,215 (id.); J.VI,227,361 (= issara C.),517; Dāvs.I,11.-- (b) successful,satisfactory,sufficient Vin.I,212 (bhattaṃ); IV,313 (ovādo).(Page 120),5,1
  4967. 190003,en,15,iddha,iddha,Iddha,Iddha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of iddhe to <em>idh</em> or <em>indh</em>,cp.indhana &#38; idhuma] in flames,burning,flaming bright,clear J.VI,223 (°khaggadharā balī; so read for T.iṭṭhi-khagga°); Dpvs VI,42.(Page 120),5,1
  4968. 190023,en,15,iddhi,iddhi,Iddhi,Iddhi,[Vedic ṛddhi from <em>ardh</em>,to prosper; Pali ijjhati].There is no single word in English for Iddhi,as the idea is unknown in Europe.The main sense seems to be “potency” .-- 1.Pre-Buddhistic; the Iddhi of a layman.The four Iddhis of a king are personal beauty,long life,good health,and popularity (D.II,177; M.III,176,cp.J.III,454 for a later set).The Iddhi of a rich young noble is 1.The use of a beautiful garden,2.of soft and pleasant clothing,3.of different houses for the different seasons,4.of good food,A.I,145.At M.I,152 the Iddhi of a hunter,is the craft and skill with which he captures game; but at p.155 other game have an Iddhi of their own by which they outwit the hunter.The Iddhi,the power of a confederation of clans,is referred to at D.II,72.It is by the Iddhi they possess that birds are able to fly (Dhp 175).-- 2.Psychic powers.including most of those claimed for modern mediums (see under <i>Abhiññā</i>).Ten such are given in a stock paragraph.They are the power to project mind-made images of oneself; to become invisible; to pass through solid things,such as a wall; to penetrate solid ground as if it were water; to walk on water; to fly through the air; to touch sun and moon; to ascend into the highest heavens (D.I,77,212; II,87,213; III,112,281; S.II,121; V,264,303; A.I,170,255; III,17,28,82,425; V,199; Ps.I,111; II,207; Vism.378 sq.,384; DA.I,122).For other such powers see S.I,144; IV,290; V,263; A.III,340.-- 3.The Buddhist theory of Iddhi.At D.I,213 the Buddha is represented as saying:“It is because I see danger in the practice of these mystic wonders that I loathe and abhor and am ashamed thereof” .The mystic wonder that he himself believed in and advocated (p.214) was the wonder of education.What education was meant in the case of Iddhi,we learn from M.I,34; A.III,425,and from the four bases of Iddhi,the <i>Iddhipādā</i>.They are the making determination in respect of concentration on purpose,on will,on thoughts &#38; on investigation (D.II,213; M.I,103; A.I,39,297; II,256; III,82; Ps.I,111; II 154,164,205; Vbh.216).It was ar offence against the regulations of the Saṅgha for a <i>Bhikkhu</i> to display before the laity these psychic powers beyond the capacity of ordinary men (Vin.II,112).And falsely to claim the possession of such powers involved expulsion from the Order (Vin.III,91).The psychic powers of Iddhi were looked upon as inferior (as the Iddhi of an unconverted man seeking his own profit),compared to the higher Iddhi,the Ariyan Iddhi (D.III,112; A.I,93; Vin.II,183).There is no valid evidence that any one of the ten Iddhis in the above list actually took place.A few instances are given,but all are in texts more than a century later than the recorded wonder.And now for nearly two thousand years we have no further instances.Various points on Iddhi discussed at Dial.I.272,3; Cpd.60 ff.; Expositor 121.Also at Kvu 55; Ps.II,150; Vism.XII; DhA.I,91; J.I,47,360.<br><br> <i>--ânubhāva</i> (iddhånu°) power or majesty of thaumaturgy Vin 31,209,240; III,67; S I 147; IV,290; PvA.53.<i>--âbhisaṅkhāra</i> (iddhåbhi°) exercise of any of the psychic powers Vin.I,16,17,25; D.I,106; S.III,92; IV,289; V,270; Sn.p.107; PvA.57,172 212.<i>--pāṭihāriya</i> a wonder of psychic power Vin.I,25,28,180,209; II,76,112,200; D.I,211,212; III,3,4,9,12 sq.,27; S.IV,290; A.I,170,292; Ps.II,227.<i>--pāda</i> constituent or basis of psychic power Vin.II,240; D.II,103,115 sq.,120; III,77,102,127,221; M.II,11; III,296; S.I,116,132; III,96,153; IV,360; V,254,255,259 sq.,264 sq.,269 sq.,275,285; A.IV,128 sq.,203,463; V,175; Nd<sup>1</sup> 14,45 (°dhīra),340 (°pucchā); Nd<sup>1</sup> s.v.; Ps.I,17,21,84; II,56,85 sq.,120,166,174; Ud.62; Dhs.358,528,552; Nett 16,31,83; DhsA.237; DhA.III,177; IV,32.<i>--bala</i> the power of working wonders VvA.4; PvA.171.<i>--yāna</i> the carriage (fig.) of psychic faculties Miln.276.<i>--vikubbanā</i> the practice of psychic powers Vism.373 sq.<i>--vidhā</i> kinds of iddhi D.I,77,212; II,213; III,112,281; S.II,121; v.264 sq.,303; A.I,170 sq.,255; III,17,28,82 sq.,425 sq.; V,199; Ps.I,111; II,207; Vism.384; DA.I,222.<i>--visaya</i> range or extent of psychic power Vin.III,67; Nett 23.(Page 120),5,1
  4969. 190043,en,15,iddhika,iddhika,Iddhika,Iddhika,<sup>2</sup> (-°) (adj.) [iddhi + ka] possessed of power,only in cpd.<i>mah-iddhika</i> of great power,always comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>mah-ânubhāva</i>,e.g.at Vin.I,31; II,193; III,101; S.II,155; M.I,34; Th.1,429.As <i>mahiddhiya</i> at J.V,149.See <i>mahiddhika</i>.(Page 121),7,1
  4970. 190044,en,15,iddhika,iddhika,Iddhika,Iddhika,<sup>1</sup> (-°) (adj.) the comp<sup>n.</sup> form of addhika in cpd.<i>kapaṇ-iddhika</i> tramps &#38; wayfarers (see kapaṇa),e.g.at J.I,6; IV,15; PvA.78.(Page 121),7,1
  4971. 190062,en,15,iddhimant,iddhimant,Iddhimant,Iddhimant,(adj.) [fr.iddhi] -- 1.(lit.) successful,proficient,only in neg.<i>an°</i> unfortunate,miserable,poor J.VI,361.‹-› 2.(fig.) possessing psychic powers Vin.III,67; IV,108; A.I,23,25; II,185; III,340; IV,312; Sn.179; Nett 23; Sdhp.32,472.(Page 121),9,1
  4972. 190160,en,15,idha,idha,Idha,Idha,(indecl.) [Sk.iha,adv.of space fr.pron.base *i (cp.ayaṃ,iti etc.),cp.Lat.ihi,Gr.i]qa-genήs,Av.ida] here,in this place,in this connection,now; esp.in this world or present existence Sn.1038,1056,1065; It.99 (idh’ûpapanna reborn in this existence); Dh.5,15,267,343,392; Nd<sup>1</sup> 40,109,156; Nd<sup>2</sup> 145,146; SnA 147; PvA.45,60,71.<i>--idhaloka</i> this world,the world of men Sn.1043 (= manussaloka Nd<sup>2</sup> 552<sup>c</sup>); PvA.64; in this religion,Vbh.245.On diff.meanings of idha see DhsA.348.(Page 121),4,1
  4973. 190203,en,15,idhuma,idhuma,Idhuma,Idhuma,[Sk.idhma,see etym.under iṭṭhakā] fire-wood ‹-› Tela-kaṭāha-gāthā,p.53,J.P.T.S.1884.(Page 121),6,1
  4974. 190218,en,15,idisa,īdisa,Īdisa,Īdisa,(adj.) [Sk.īdṛs,ī + <em>dṛś</em>,lit.so-looking] such like,such DhsA.400 (f.°ī); PvA.50,(id.) 51.(Page 123),5,1
  4975. 190236,en,15,igha,īgha,Īgha,Īgha,(?) [doubtful as to origin &#38; etym.since only found in cpd.anīgha &#38; abs.only in exegetical literature.If genuine,it should belong to <em>ṛgh</em> Sk.ṛghāyati to tremble,rage etc.See discussed under nigha<sup>1</sup>] confusion,rage,badness SnA 590 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of anigha).Usually as <i>an°</i> (or anigha),e.g.J.III,343 (= niddukkha C.); V,343.(Page 123),4,1
  4976. 190254,en,15,iha,iha,Iha,Iha,(indecl.) [Sk.iha; form iha is rare in Pāli,the usual form is idha (q.v.)] adv.of place “here” Sn.460.(Page 123),3,1
  4977. 190264,en,15,iha,īhā,Īhā,Īhā,(f.) [fr.<em>īh</em>] exertion,endeavour,activity,only in adj.<i>nir-īha</i> void of activity Miln.413.(Page 124),3,1
  4978. 190292,en,15,ihati,īhati,Īhati,Īhati,[Vedic <em>īh</em>,cp.Av.īžā ardour,eagerness,āziš greed] to endeavour,attempt,strive after Vin.III,268 (Bdhgh.) J.VI,518 (cp.Kern,Toev.p.112); DA.I,139; VvA.35.(Page 124),5,1
  4979. 190330,en,15,ijjhana,ijjhana,Ijjhana,Ijjhana,(nt.) &#38; Ijjhanā (f.) [fr.ijjhati] success,carrying out successfully Ps.I,17 sq.,74,181; II,125,143 sq.,161,174; Vbh.217 sq.; Vism.266,383 (°aṭṭhena iddhi); DhsA.91,118,237.(Page 118),7,1
  4980. 190373,en,15,ijjhati,ijjhati,Ijjhati,Ijjhati,[Vedic ṛdhyate &#38; ṛdhnoti; Gr.a)λqomai to thrive,Lat.alo to nourish,also Vedic iḍā refreshment &#38; P.iddhi power] to have a good result,turn out a blessing.succeed,prosper,be successful S.I,175 (“work effectively” trsl.; = samijjhati mahapphalaṃ hoti C.); IV,303; Sn.461,485; J.V,393; Pv.II,1<sup>11</sup>; II,9<sup>13</sup> (= samijjhati PvA.120); Pot.ijjhe Sn.458,459; pret.ijjhittha (= Sk.ṛdhyiṣṭha) Vv 20<sup>6</sup> (= nippajjittha mahapphalo ahuvattha VvA.103).‹-› pp.<i>iddha</i>.See also aḍḍha<sup>2</sup> &#38; aḍḍhaka.Cp.sam°.(Page 118),7,1
  4981. 190401,en,15,ikka,ikka,Ikka,Ikka,[Sk.ṛkṣa,of which the regular representation is P.accha<sup>2</sup>] a bear J.VI,538 [= accha C.].(Page 117),4,1
  4982. 190406,en,15,ikkasa,ikkāsa,Ikkāsa,Ikkāsa,(?) [uncertain as regard meaning &#38; etym.] at Vin.II,151 (+ kasāva) is trsl.by “slime of trees”,according to Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n.</sup> on p.321 (to C.V.VI,3,1),who however reads nikkāsa.(Page 117),6,1
  4983. 190426,en,15,ikkhana,ikkhaṇa,Ikkhaṇa,Ikkhaṇa,(nt.) [fr.<em>īkṣ</em>] seeing Vism.16.(Page 117),7,1
  4984. 190445,en,15,ikkhanika,ikkhaṇika,Ikkhaṇika,Ikkhaṇika,[fr.<em>īkṣ</em> to look or see,cp.akkhi] a fortuneteller Vin.III,107; S.II,260; J.I,456,457; VI,504.(Page 117),9,1
  4985. 190467,en,15,ikkhati,ikkhati,Ikkhati,Ikkhati,[fr.<em> īkṣ</em>] to look J.V,153; ThA.147; DhsA.172.(Page 117),7,1
  4986. 190493,en,15,illi,illī,Illī,Illī,(f.) [cp.Vedic ilībiśa Np.of a demon] a sort of weapon,a short one-edged sword J.V,259.(Page 122),4,1
  4987. 190507,en,15,illiya,illiyā,Illiyā,Illiyā,(f.) [fr.illī,cp.Sk.*īlikā] = illī J.V,259; VI,50.(Page 122),6,1
  4988. 190510,en,15,illiyitum,illīyituṃ,Illīyituṃ,Illīyituṃ,v.l.for allīyituṃ at J.V,154.(Page 122),9,1
  4989. 190595,en,15,ina,iṇa,Iṇa,Iṇa,(nt.) [Sk.ṛṇa,see also P.an-aṇa] debt D.I,71,73; A.III,352; V,324 (enum<sup>d.</sup> with baddha,jāni &#38; kali); Sn.120; J.I,307; II,388,423; III,66; IV,184 (iṇagga for nagga?); 256; V,253 (where enum<sup>d.</sup> as one of the 4 paribhogas,viz.theyya°,iṇa°,dāya°,sāmi°); VI,69,193; Miln.375; PvA.273,276,iṇaṃ gaṇhāti to borrow money or take up a loan Vism.556; SnA 289; PvA.3.-- iṇaṃ <i>muñcati</i> to discharge a debt J.IV,280; V,238; °ṃ <i>sodheti</i> same PvA.276; <i>labhati</i> same PvA.3.<br><br> <i>--apagama</i> absence of debt ThA.245.<i>--gāhaka</i> a borrower Miln.364.<i>--ghāta</i> stricken by debt Sn.246 (= iṇaṃ gahetva tassa appadānena iṇaghāta).<i>--ṭṭha</i> (with iṇaṭṭa as v.l.at all passages,see aṭṭa) fallen into or being in debt M.I,463 = S.III,93 = It.89 = Miln.279.<i>--paṇṇa</i> promissory note J.I,230; IV,256.<i>--mokkha</i> release from debt J.IV,280; V,239.<i>--sādhaka</i> negotiator of a loan Miln.365.(Page 118),3,1
  4990. 190657,en,15,inayika,iṇāyika,Iṇāyika,Iṇāyika,[fr.iṇa] one connected with a debt,viz.(1) a creditor S.I,170; J.IV,159,256; VI,178; ThA.271 see also dhanika); PvA.3.-- (2) a debtor Vin.I,76; Nd<sup>1</sup> 160.(Page 118),7,1
  4991. 190669,en,15,inda,inda,Inda,Inda,[Vedic indra,most likely to same root as <i>indu</i> moon,viz.*Idg.<i>*eid</i> to shine,cp.Lat.īdūs middle of month (after the full moon),Oir.ēsce moon.Jacobi in K.Z.XXXI.316 sq.connects Indra with Lat.neriosus strong &#38; Nero].-- 1.The Vedic god Indra D.I,244; II,261,274; Sn.310,316,679,1024; Nd<sup>1</sup> 177.-- 2.lord,chief,king.Sakko devānaṃ indo D.I,216,217; II,221,275; S.I,219.Vep’citti asurindo S.I,221 ff.manussinda,S.I,69,manujinda,Sn.553,narinda,Sn.863,all of the Buddha,“chief of men” ; cp.Vism.491.[Europeans have found a strange difficulty in understanding the real relation of Sakka to Indra.The few references to Indra in the Nikāyas should be classed with the other fragments of Vedic mythology to be found in them.Sakka belongs only to the Buddhist mythology then being built up.He is not only quite different from Indra,but is the direct contrary of that blustering,drunken,god of war.See the passages collected in Dial.II.294‹-› 298.The idiom <i>sa-Indā devā</i>,D.II,261,274; A.V,325,means “the gods about Indra,Indra’s retinue” ,this being a Vedic story.But <i>Devā Tāvatiṃsā sahindakā</i> means the T.gods together with their leader (D.II,208--212; S.III,90; cp.Vv 30<sup>1</sup>) this being a Buddhist story].<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> (ind’aggi) Indra’s fire,i.e.lightning PvA.56.<i>--gajjita</i> (nt.) Indra’s thunder Miln.22.<i>--jāla</i> deception DA.I,85.<i>--jālika</i> a juggler,conjurer Miln.331.<i>--dhanu</i> the rainbow DA.I,40.<i>--bhavana</i> the realm of Indra Nd<sup>1</sup> 448 (cp.Tāvatiṃsa-bhavana).<i>--liṅga</i> the characteristic of Indra Vism.491.<i>--sāla</i> N.of tree J.IV,92.(Page 121),4,1
  4992. 190703,en,15,indagopaka,indagopaka,Indagopaka,Indagopaka,[inda + gopaka,cp.Vedic indragopā having Indra as protector] a sort of insect (“cochineal,a red beetle”,Böhtlingk),observed to come out of the ground after rain Th.1,13; Vin.III,42; J.IV,258; V,168; DhA.I,20; Brethren p.18,n.(Page 121),10,1
  4993. 190716,en,15,indagu,indagū,Indagū,Indagū,see <i>hindagū</i>.(Page 121),6,1
  4994. 190735,en,15,indaka,indaka,Indaka,Indaka,[dimin.fr.inda] -- 1.Np.(see Dict.of names),e.g.at Pv.II,9<sup>57</sup>; PvA.136 sq.-- 2.(-°) see <i>inda</i><sup>2</sup>.(Page 121),6,1
  4995. 190748,en,15,indakhila,indakhīla,Indakhīla,Indakhīla,[inda + khīla,cp.BSk.indrakīla Divy 250,365,544; Av.Ś I.109,223].“Indra’s post”; the post,stake or column of Indra,at or before the city gate; also a large slab of stone let into the ground at the entrance of a house D.II,254 (°ṃ ūhacca,cp.DhA.II,181); Vin.IV,160 (expl<sup>d.</sup> ibid.as sayani-gharassa ummāro,i.e.threshold); S.V,444 (ayokhīlo +); Dh.95 (°ûpama,cp.DhA.II,181); Th.1,663; J.I,89; Miln.364; Vism.72,466; SnA 201; DA.I,209 (nikkhamitvā bahi °ā); DhA.II,180 (°sadisaṃ Sāriputtassa cittaṃ),181 (nagara-dvāre nikhataṃ °ṃ).(Page 121),9,1
  4996. 190777,en,15,indanila,indanīla,Indanīla,Indanīla,[inda + nīla “Indra’s blue”] a sapphire J.I,80; Miln.118; VvA.111 (+ mahānīla).(Page 121),8,1
  4997. 190877,en,15,indavaruni,indavāruṇī,Indavāruṇī,Indavāruṇī,(f.) [inda + vāruṇa] the Coloquintida plant J.IV,8 (°ka-rukkha).(Page 121),10,1
  4998. 190907,en,15,indhana,indhana,Indhana,Indhana,(nt.) [Vedic indhana,of <i>idh</i> or <i>indh</i> to kindle,cp.iddha<sup>1</sup>] firewood,fuel J.IV,27 (adj.an° without fuel,aggi); V,447; ThA.256; VvA.335; Sdhp.608.Cp.<i>idhuma</i>.(Page 122),7,1
  4999. 190925,en,15,indivara,indīvara,Indīvara,Indīvara,(nt.) [etym.?] the blue water lily,Nymphaea Stellata or Cassia Fistula J.V,92 (°ī-samā ratti); VI,536; Vv 45<sup>1</sup> (= uddālaka-puppha VvA.197).(Page 121),8,1
  5000. 190959,en,15,indriya,indriya,Indriya,Indriya,(nt.) [Vedic indriya adj.only in meaning “belonging to Indra”; nt.strength,might (cp.inda),but in specific pāli sense “belonging to the ruler”,i.e.governing,ruling nt.governing,ruling or controlling principle] A.On term:Indriya is one of the most comprehensive &#38; important categories of Buddhist psychological philosophy &#38; ethics,meaning “controlling principle,directive force,élan,du/namis”,in the foll.applications:(a) with reference to sense-perceptibility “faculty,function”,often wrongly interpreted as “organ”; (b) w.ref.to objective aspects of form and matter “kind,characteristic,determinating principle,sign,mark” (cp.woman-hood,hood = Goth.haidus “kind,form”); (c) w.ref.to moods of sensation and (d) to moral powers or motives controlling action,“principle,controlling” force; (e) w.ref.to cognition &#38; insight “category”.‹-› Definitions of indriya among others at DhsA.119; cp.Expositor 157; Dhs.trsl.LVII; Cpd.228,229. B.Classifications and groups of indriyāni.An exhaustive list comprises the indriyāni enum<sup>d</sup> under A a-e,thus establishing a canonical scheme of 22 Controlling Powers (bāvīsati indriyāni),running thus at Vbh.122 sq.(see trsl.at Cpd.175,176); and discussed in detail at Vism.491 sq.(a.sensorial) (1) cakkh-undriya (“the eye which is a power”,Cpd.228) the eye or (personal potentiality of) vision,(2) sot-indriya the ear or hearing,(3) <i>ghān°</i> nose or smell,(4) <i>jivh°</i> tongue or taste,(5) <i>kāy°</i> body-sensibility,(6) <i>man°</i>) mind; (b.material) (7) <i>itth°</i> female sex or femininity,(8) <i>puris°</i> male sex or masculinity,(9) <i>jīvit°</i> life or vitality; (c.sensational) (10) <i>sukh°</i> pleasure,(11) <i>dukkh°</i> pain,(12) <i>somanasa°</i> joy,(13) <i>domanass°</i> grief,(14) <i>upekh°</i> hedonic indifference (d.moral) (15) <i>saddh°</i> faith,(16) <i>viriy°</i> energy,(17) <i>sat°</i> mindfulness,(18) <i>samādh°</i> concentration,(19) <i>paññ°</i> reason; (e.cognitional) (20) <i>anaññāta-ñassāmīt°</i> the thought “I shall come to know the unknown”,(21) <i>aññ°</i> (= aññā) gnosis,(22) <i>aññātā-v°</i> one who knows.-- Jīvitindriya (no.9) is in some redactions placed before itth° (no.7),e.g.at Ps.I,7,137.-- From this list are detached several groups,mentioned frequently and in various connections,no.6 manas (mano,man-indriya) wavering in its function,being either included under (a) or (more frequently) omitted,so that the first set (a) is marked off as pañc’indriyāni,the 6<sup>th</sup> being silently included (see below).This uncertainty regarding manas deserves to be noted.The foll.groups may be mentioned here viz 19 (nos.1--19) at Ps.I,137; 10 (pañca rūpīni &#38; pañca arūpīni) at Nett 69; three groups of five (nos.1~5,10~14,15~19) at D.III,239,cp.278; four (group d without paññā,i.e.nos.15~18) at A.II,141; three (saddh°,samādh°,paññ°,i.e.nos.15,18,19) at A.I,118 sq.Under aṭṭhavidhaṃ indriya-rūpaṃ (Cpd.159) or rūpaṃ as indriyaṃ “form which is faculty” Dhs.661 (cp.trsl.p.204) are understood the 5 sensitives (nos.1~5),the 2 séx-states (nos.7,8) and the vital force (no.9),i.e.groups a &#38; b of enum<sup>n.</sup>; discussed &#38; defined in detail at Dhs.709~717,971~973.-- It is often to be guessed from the context only,which of the sets of 5 indriyāni (usually either group a or d) is meant.These detached groups are classed as below under C.f.-- Note.This system of 22 indriyāni reflects a revised &#38; more elaborate form of the 25 (or 23) categories of the Sāṅkhya philosophy,with its 10 elements,10 indri,īni &#38; the isolated position of manas.<br><br> C.Material in detail (grouped according to A a-e) (a) sensorial:(mentioned or referred to as set of 5 viz B.nos.1~5):M.I,295:S.III,46 (pañcannaṃ °ānaṃ avak kanti),225; IV,168; A.II,151 (as set of 6,viz.B.nos.1--6):M.I,9; S.IV,176; V,74,205,230; A.I,113; II,16,39,152; III,99,163,387 sq.; V,348.Specially referring to restraint &#38; control of the senses in foll.phrases:in driyāni saṃvutāni S.II,231,271; IV,112; pañcasu °esu saṃvuto Sn.340 (= lakkhaṇato pana chaṭṭhaṃ pi vuttaṃ yeva hoti,i.e.the 6<sup>th</sup> as manas included,SnA 343); °esu susaṃvuta Th.2,196 (= mana-chaṭṭhesu i° suṭṭhu saṃvutā ThA.168) indriyesu guttadvāra &#38; guttadvāratā D.III,107; S.II,218; IV,103,112,175; A.I,25,94,113; II,39; III,70,138,173,199,449 sq.; IV,25,166; V,134; It.23,24; Nd<sup>1</sup> 14; Vbh.248,360; DA.I,182 (= manachaṭṭesu indriyesu pihita-dvāro hoti),i.vippasannāni S.II,275; III,2,235; IV,294; V,301; A.I,181; III,380.°ānaṃ samatā (v.l.samatha) A.III,375 sq.(see also f.below) °āni bhāvitāni Sn.516 (= cakkh’ādīni cha i.SnA 426); Nd<sup>2</sup> 475 B<sup>8</sup>.-- Various:S.I,26 (rakkhati),48 (°ûpasame rato); IV,40,140 (°sampanna); V,216,217 sq.(independent in function,mano as referee); Ps.I.190 (man°); Vbh.13 (rūpa),341 (mud° &#38; tikkh°) 384 (ahīn°).-- (b) physical:(above B 7--9) all three:S.V,204; Vism.447; itthi° &#38; purisa° A.IV,57; Vbh.122,415 sq.; puris° A.III,404; jīvit° Vbh.123,137; Vism.230 (°upaccheda = maraṇa).See also under itthi,jīvita &#38; purisa.-- (c) sensational (above B 10--14):S.V,207 sq.(see Cpd.111 &#38; cp.p.15),211 sq.; Vbh.15,71; Nett 88.-- (d) moral (above B 15‹-› 19):S.III,96,153; IV,36,365 sq.; V,193 sq.,202,219 (corresponding to pañcabalāni),220 sq.(and amata),223 sq.(their culture brings assurance of no rebirth),227 sq.(paññā the chief one),235,237 (sevenfold fruit of),A.IV,125 sq.,203,225; V,56,175; Ps.II,49,51 sq.,86; Nd<sup>1</sup> 14; Nd<sup>2</sup> 628 (sat° + satibala); Kvu 589; Vbh.341; Nett 15,28,47,54.Often in standard comb<sup>n.</sup> with satipaṭṭhāna,sammappadhāna.iddhipāda,indriya,bala,bojjhaṅga,magga (see Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.p.263) D.II,120; Vin.III,93,Ps.II,166 &#38; passim.As set of 4 indriyāni (nos.16‹-› 19) at Nett 83.-- (e) cognitional (above B 20--22) D.III,219 = S v.204 (as peculiar to Arahantship); It.53; Ps.I,115; II,30.-- (f) collectively,either two or more of groups a-e,also var.peculiar uses:personal; esp.physical faculties.S.I,61 (pākat°),204 (id.); III,207 (ākāsaṃ °āni saṅkamanti); IV,294 (vipari-bhinnāni); A.III,441 (°ānaṃ avekallatā).magic power A.IV,264 sq.(okkhipati °āni).indriyānaṃ paripāko (moral or physical) over-ripeness of faculties S.II,2,42; A.V,203; Nd<sup>2</sup> 252 (in def.of jarā); Vbh.137.moral forces Vin.I,183 (°ānaṃ samatā,+ viriyānaṃ s.as sign of Arahant); II,240 (pañc°).principle of life ekindriyaṃ jīvaṃ Vin.III,156; Miln.259.heart or seat of feeling in phrase °āni paricāreti to satisfy one’s heart PvA.16,58,77.obligation,duty,vow in phrase °āni bhinditvā breaking one’s vow J.II,274; IV,190.<br><br> D.Unclassified material D I 77 (ahīn°); III 239 (<i>domanass° </i>&<i> somanass°</i>) M.I,437 (vemattatā),453 (id.); II,11,106; III,296; S.III,225; V,209 (dukkh°,domanass°); A.I,39,42 sq.,297; II,38 (sant°),149 sq.; III,277,282; Ps.I,16,21,88,180; II,1 sq,13,84,119,132,143,145,110,223; Nd<sup>1</sup> 45 (°dhīra),171 (°kusala),341 (pucchā); Dhs.58,121,528,556 (dukkh°),560,644.736; Nett 18 (sotāpannassa),28 (°vavaṭṭhāna),162 (lok’uttara); Vism.350 (°vekallatā); Sdhp.280,342,364,371,449,473.<br><br> E.As adj.(-°) having one’s senses,mind or heart as such &#38; such S.I,138 (tikkh° &#38; mud°); III,93 (pākat°); V,269 (id.); A.I,70 (id) &#38; passim (id.); A.I,70 (saṃvut°) 266 (id.),236 (gutt°); II,6 (samāhit°); 8n 214 (susamāhit° his senses well-composed); PvA.70 (pīṇit° joyful or gladdened of heart).<br><br> F.Some compounds:<i>--gutta</i> one who restrains &#38; watches his senses S.I,154; Dh.375.<i>--gutti</i> keeping watch over the senses,self-restraint DhA.IV,111.<i><sup>a</sup> paropariya</i>,<i> <sup>b</sup> paropariyatta </i>&<i> <sup>c</sup> paropariyatti</i> (°ñāṇa) (knowledge of) what goes on in the senses and intentions of others <sup>a</sup> J.I,78; <sup>b</sup> A.V,34,38; <sup>b</sup> Ps.I,121 sq.,133 sq.; II,158,175; <sup>b</sup> Vbh.340,342; <sup>c</sup> S.V,205; <sup>c</sup> Nett 101.See remark under paropariya.<i>--bhāvanā</i> cultivation of the (five,see above C<sup>d</sup>) moral qualities Vin.I,294 (+ balabhāvanā); M.III,298.<i>--saṃvara</i> restraint or subjugation of the senses D.II,281; M.I,269,346; S.I,54; A.III,360; IV,99; V,113 sq.,136,206; Nd<sup>1</sup> 483; Nett 27,121 sq; Vism.20 sq.(Page 121),7,1
  5001. 191206,en,15,ingha,iṅgha,Iṅgha,Iṅgha,(indecl.) [Sk.aṅga prob.after P.iṅgha (or añja,q.v.); fr.iñjati,cp.J.P.T.S.1883,84] part.of exhortation,lit.“get a move on”,come on,go on,look here,Sn.83,189,862,875 = 1052; J.V,148; Pv IV.5<sup>7</sup>; Vv 53<sup>9</sup> (= codan’atthe nipāto VvA.237); VvA.47; DhA.IV,62.(Page 117),5,1
  5002. 191212,en,15,inghala,iṅghāḷa,Iṅghāḷa,Iṅghāḷa,[according to Morris J.P.T.S.1884,74 = aṅgāra,cp.Marāthī ingala live coal] coal,embers,in iṅghāḷakhu Th.2,386 a pit of glowing embers (= aṅgāra-kāsu ThA.256).The whole cpd.is doubtful.(Page 117),7,1
  5003. 191223,en,15,ingita,iṅgita,Iṅgita,Iṅgita,(nt.) [pp.of ingati = iñjati] movement,gesture,sign J.II,195,408; VI,368,459.(Page 117),6,1
  5004. 191249,en,15,injana,iñjanā,Iñjanā,Iñjanā,(f.) &#38; <i>Iñjanaṃ</i> (nt.) [fr.<em>iñj</em>,see iñjati] shaking,movement,motion Sn.193 (= calanā phandanā SnA 245); Nett 88 (= phandanā C.).<i>an°</i> immobility,steadfastness Ps.I,15; II,118.(Page 118),6,1
  5005. 191264,en,15,injati,iñjati,Iñjati,Iñjati,[Vedic ṛñjati (cp.P.ajjati).Also found as ingati (so Veda),and as <i>aṅg</i> in Sk.aṅga = P.añja &#38; iṅgha &#38; Vedic pali-aṅgati to turn about.See also ānejja &#38; añjati<sup>1</sup>] to shake,move,turn about,stir D.I,56; S.I,107,132,181 (aniñjamāna ppr.med.“impassive”); III,211; Th.1,42; 2,231; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.(+ calati vedhati); Vism.377; DA.I,167.-- pp.<i>iñjita</i> (q.v.).(Page 118),6,1
  5006. 191279,en,15,injita,iñjita,Iñjita,Iñjita,[pp.of iñjati] shaken,moved Th.1,386 (an°).Usually as nt.<i>iñjitaṃ</i> shaking,turning about,movement,vacillation M.I,454; S.I,109; IV,202; A.II,45; Sn.750,1040 (pl.iñjitā),1048 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 140); Dh.255; Vbh.390.‹-› On the 7 iñjitas see J.P.T.S.1884,58.(Page 118),6,1
  5007. 191290,en,15,injitatta,iñjitatta,Iñjitatta,Iñjitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.iñjita nt.] state of vacillation,wavering,motion S.V,315 (kāyassa).(Page 118),9,1
  5008. 191336,en,15,irina,iriṇa,Iriṇa,Iriṇa,(nt.) [Vedic iriṇa,on etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under rarus] barren soil,desert J.VI,560 (= niroja C.).Cp.īriṇa.(Page 122),5,1
  5009. 191350,en,15,irina,īriṇa,Īriṇa,Īriṇa,(nt.) [= iriṇa,q.v. &#38; cp.Sk.īriṇa] barren soil,desert D.I,248; A.V,156 sq.; J.V,70 (= sukkha-kantāra C.); VI,560; VvA.334.(Page 123),5,1
  5010. 191358,en,15,irita,īrita,Īrita,Īrita,[pp.of īreti,Caus.of <em>īr</em>,see iriyati] -- 1.set in motion,stirred,moved,shaken Vv 39<sup>4</sup> (vāt’erita moved by the wind); J.I,32 (id.); Vv 64<sup>20</sup> (haday’erita); Pv.II,12<sup>3</sup> (malut’erita); PvA.156 (has erita for ī°); VvA.177 (= calita).-- 2.uttered,proclaimed,said Dāvs.V,12.(Page 123),5,1
  5011. 191372,en,15,iriya,iriyā,Iriyā,Iriyā,(f.) [cp.from iriyati,BSk.īryā Divy 485] movement,posture,deportment M.I,81; Sn.1038 (= cariyā vatti vihāro Nd<sup>2</sup> 148); It.31; Vism.145 (+ vutti pālana yapana).<br><br> <i>--patha</i> way of deportment; mode of movement; good behaviour.There are 4 iriyāpathas or postures,viz.walking,standing,sitting,lying down (see Ps.II,225 &#38; DA.I,183).Cp.BSk.īryāpatha Divy 37.-- Vin.I,39; II,146 (°sampanna); Vin.I,91 (chinn° a cripple); S.V,78 (cattāro i.); Sn.385; Nd<sup>1</sup> 225,226; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; J.I,22 (of a lion),66,506; Miln.17; Vism.104,128,290,396; DhA.I,9; IV,17; VvA.6; PvA.141; Sdhp.604.(Page 122),5,1
  5012. 191382,en,15,iriyana,iriyanā,Iriyanā,Iriyanā,(f.) [fr.iriyati] way of moving on,progress,Dhs.19,82,295,380,441,716.(Page 122),7,1
  5013. 191451,en,15,iriyati,iriyati,Iriyati,Iriyati,[fr.<em>īr</em> to set in motion,to stir,Sk.īrte,but pres.formation influenced by iriyā &#38; also by Sk.iyarti of <i>ṛ</i> (see acchati &#38; icchati<sup>2</sup>); cp.Caus.īrayati (= P.īreti),pp.īrṇa &#38; īrita.See also issā] to move,to wander about,stir; fig.to move,behave,show a certain way of deportment M.I,74,75; S.I,53 (dukkhaṃ aticca iriyati); IV,71; A.III,451; V,41; Sn.947,1063,1097; Th.1,276; J.III,498 (= viharati); Nd<sup>1</sup> 431; Nd<sup>2</sup> 147 (= carati etc.); Vism.16; DA.I,70.(Page 122),7,1
  5014. 191468,en,15,irubbeda,irubbeda,Irubbeda,Irubbeda,the Rig-veda Dpvs.V,62 (iruveda); Miln.178; DA.I,247; SnA 447.(Page 122),8,1
  5015. 191489,en,15,isa,īsa,Īsa,Īsa,[fr.<em>iś</em> to have power,perf.īśe = Goth.aih; cp.Sk.īśvara = P.issara, &#38; BSk.īśa,e.g.Jtm 31<sup>81</sup>] lord,owner,ruler J.IV,209 (of a black lion = kāḷa-sīha C.); VvA.168.f.<i>īsī</i> see mahesī a chief queen.Cp.also <i>mahesakkha</i>.(Page 124),3,1
  5016. 191502,en,15,isa,īsā,Īsā,Īsā,(f.) [Vedic īṣā] the pole of a plough or of a carriage S.I,104 (naṅgal’īsā read with v.l.for naṅgala-sīsā T.),172,224 (°mukha):A.IV,191 (rath°); Sn.77; J.I,203 (°mukha); IV,209; Ud.42; Miln.27; SnA 146; VvA.269 (°mūlaṃ = rathassa uro).<br><br> <i>--danta</i> having teeth (tusks) as long as a plough-pole (of an elephant) Vin.I,352; M.I,414; Vv 20<sup>9</sup> = 43<sup>9</sup> (= ratha-īsā-sadisa-danto); J.VI,490 = 515.(Page 124),3,1
  5017. 191529,en,15,isaka,īsaka,Īsaka,Īsaka,[dimin.of īsā] a pole J.II,152; VI,456 (°agga the top of a pole).(Page 124),5,1
  5018. 191535,en,15,isaka,īsāka,Īsāka,Īsāka,(adj.) [fr.īsā] having a pole (said of a carriage) J.VI,252.(Page 124),5,1
  5019. 191544,en,15,isakam,īsakaṃ,Īsakaṃ,Īsakaṃ,(adv.) [nt.of īsaka] a little,slightly,easily M.I,450; J.I,77; VI,456; DA.I,252,310; VvA.36; Vism.136,137,231,īsakam pi even a little Vism.106; Sdhp.586.(Page 124),6,1
  5020. 191591,en,15,isi,isi,Isi,Isi,[Vedic ṛṣi fr.<em>ṛṣ</em>.-- Voc.ise Sn.1025; pl.Nom.isayo,Gen.isinaṃ S.II,280 &#38; isīnaṃ S.I,192; etc.inst.isibhi Th.1,1065] -- 1.a holy man,one gifted with special powers of insight &#38; inspiration,an anchoret,a Seer,Sage,Saint,“Master” D.I,96 (kaṇho isi ahosi); S.I,33,35,65,128,191,192,226 sq.,236 (ācāro isīnaṃ); II,280 (dhammo isinaṃ dhajo); A.II,24,51; Vin.IV,15 = 22 (°bhāsito dhammo); It.123; Sn.284,458,979,689,691,1008,1025,1043,1044,1116 (dev° divine Seer),1126,Nd<sup>2</sup> 149 (isi-nāmakā ye keci isi-pabbajjaṃ pabbajitā ājīvikā nigaṇṭhā jaṭilā tāpasā); Dh.281; J.I,17 (v.90:isayo n’atthi me samā of Buddha); J.V,140 (°gaṇa),266,267 (isi Gotamo); Pv.II,6<sup>14</sup> (= yama-niyam’ādīnaṃ esanatthena isayo PvA.98); II,13<sup>3</sup> (= jhān’ādīnaṃ guṇānaṃ esanatthena isi PvA.163); IV,7<sup>3</sup> (= asekkhānaṃ sīlakkhandh’ādīnaṃ esanatthena isiṃ PvA.265); Miln.19 (°vāta) 248 (°bhattika); DA.I,266 (Gen.isino); Sdhp.200,384.See also mahesi.-- 2.(in brahmanic tradition) the ten (divinely) inspired singers or composers of the Vedic hymns (brāhmaṇānaṃ pubbakā isayo mantānaṃ kattāro pavattāro),whose names are given at Vin.I,245; D.I,104,238; A.III,224,IV.61 as follows:Aṭṭhaka,Vāmaka,Vāmadeva,Vessāmitta,Yamataggi (Yamadaggi),Aṅgirasa,Bhāradvāja,Vāseṭṭha,Kassapa,Bhagu.<br><br> <i>--nisabha</i> the first (lit.“bull”) among Saints,Ep.of the Buddha Sn.698; Vv 16<sup>7</sup> (cp.VvA.82).<i>--pabbajjā</i> the (holy) life of an anchoret Vism.123; DhA.I,105; IV,55; PvA.162.<i>--vāta</i> the wind of a Saint Miln.19; Vism.18.<i>--sattama</i> the 7<sup>th</sup> of the great Sages (i.e.Gotama Buddha,as 7<sup>th</sup> in the sequence of Vipassin,Sikhin,Vessabhu,Kakusandha,Koṇāgamana &#38; Kassapa Buddhas) M.I,386; S.I,192; Sn.356; Th.1,1240 (= Bhagavā isi ca sattamo ca uttamaṭṭhena SnA 351); Vv 21<sup>1</sup> (= buddha-isinaṃ Vipassi-ādīnaṃ sattamo VvA.105).(Page 123),3,1
  5021. 191643,en,15,isika,isikā,Isikā,Isikā,(isīkā) (f.) [Sk.iṣīkā] a reed D.I,77,cp.DA.I,222; J.VI,67 (isikā).(Page 123),5,1
  5022. 191708,en,15,isitta,isitta,Isitta,Isitta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.isi] rishi-ship D.I,104 (= isi-bhāva DA.I,274).(Page 123),6,1
  5023. 191749,en,15,issa,issā,Issā,Issā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [cp.Sk.ṛśya-mṛga] in <i>issammiga</i> (= issāmiga) J.V,410, &#38; <i>issāmiga</i> J.V,431,a species of antelope,cp.J.V,425 <i>issāsiṅga</i> the antlers of this antelope.(Page 123),4,1
  5024. 191750,en,15,issa,issā,Issā,Issā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [Sk.īrṣyā to Sk.irin forceful,irasyati to be angry,Lat.īra anger,Gr.*)/arhs God of war; Ags.eorsian to be angry.See also issati] jealousy,anger,envy,ill-will D.II,277 (°macchariya); III,44 (id.); M.I,15; S.II,260; A.I,95,105 (°mala),299; II,203; IV,8 (°saññojana),148,349,465; V,42 sq.,156,310; Sn.110; J.V,90 (°âvatiṇṇa); Pv.II,37; Vv 15<sup>5</sup>; Pug.19,23; Vbh.380,391; Dhs.1121,1131,1460; Vism.470 (def.); PvA.24,46,87; DhA.II,76; Miln.155; Sdhp.313,510.<br><br> <i>--pakata</i> overcome by envy,of an envious nature S.II,260; Miln.155; PvA.31.See remarks under apakata &#38; pakata.(Page 123),4,1
  5025. 191811,en,15,issara,issara,Issara,Issara,[Vedic īśvara,from <em>īś</em> to have power,cp.also P.īsa] lord,ruler,master,chief A.IV,90; Sn.552; J.I,89 (°jana),100,283 (°bheri); IV,132 (°jana); Pv IV.6<sup>7</sup> (°mada); Miln.253 (an° without a ruler); DhsA.141; DA.I,111; PvA.31 (gehassa issarā); Sdhp.348,431.-- 2.creative deity,Brahmā,D.III,28; M.II,222 = A.I,173; Vism.598.(Page 123),6,1
  5026. 191951,en,15,issariya,issariya,Issariya,Issariya,[fr.issara] rulership,mastership,supremacy,dominion (Syn.ādhipacca) D.III,190; S.I,43,100 (°mada); V,342 (issariy-âdhipacca); A.I,62 (°ādhipacca); II,205,249; III,38; IV,263; Sn.112; Dh.73; Ud.18; Ps.II,171,176; J.I,156; V,443; DhA.II,73; VvA.126 (for ādhipacca) PvA.42,117,137 (for ādhipacca); Sdhp.418,583.(Page 123),8,1
  5027. 192030,en,15,issariyata,issariyatā,Issariyatā,Issariyatā,(f.) [fr.issariya] mastership,lordship Sdhp.422.(Page 123),10,1
  5028. 192055,en,15,issasa,issāsa,Issāsa,Issāsa,[Sk.iṣvāsa,see issattha] an archer Vin.IV,124; M.III,1; A.IV,423 (issāso vā issās’antevāsī vā); J.II,87; IV,494; Miln.232; DA.I,156.(Page 123),6,1
  5029. 192078,en,15,issasin,issāsin,Issāsin,Issāsin,[Sk.iṣvāsa in meaning “bow” + in] an archer,lit.one having a bow J.IV,494 (= issāsa C.).(Page 123),7,1
  5030. 192087,en,15,issati,issati,Issati,Issati,[denom.fr.issā.Av.areṣyeiti to be jealous,Gr.e)ρatai to desire; connected also with Sk.arṣati fr.<em> ṛṣ</em> to flow,Lat.erro; &#38; Sk.irasyati to be angry = Gr.*)/arhs God of war,a)rh; Ags.eorsian to be angry] to bear illwill,to be angry,to envy J.III,7; ppr.med.issamānaka Sdhp.89,f.°ikā A.II,203.-- pp.<i>issita</i> (q.v.).(Page 123),6,1
  5031. 192106,en,15,issattha,issattha,Issattha,Issattha,(nt.m.) [cp.Sk.iṣvastra nt.bow,fr.<em>iṣu </em>(= P.usu) an arrow + <em>as</em> to throw.Cp.P.issāsa.-- Bdhgh.in a strange way dissects it as “usuñ ca satthañ cā ti vuttaṃ hoti” (i.e.usu arrow + <i>sattha</i> sword,knife) SnA 466] -- 1.(nt.) archery (as means of livelihood &#38; occupation) M.I,85; III,1; S.I,100 (so read with v.l.; T.has issatta,C.expl<sup>ns.</sup> by usu-sippaṃ K.S.p.318); Sn.617 (°ṃ upajīvati = āvudha jīvikaṃ SnA 466); J.VI,81; Sdhp.390.-- 2.(m.) an archer Miln.250,305,352,418.(Page 123),8,1
  5032. 192111,en,15,issatthaka,issatthaka,Issatthaka,Issatthaka,[issattha + ka] an archer Miln.419.(Page 123),10,1
  5033. 192121,en,15,issayana,issāyanā,Issāyanā,Issāyanā,( &#38; Issāyitatta) [abstr.formations fr.issā] = issā Pug.19,23; Dhs.1121; Vism.470.(Page 123),8,1
  5034. 192139,en,15,issita,issita,Issita,Issita,[pp.of <em>īrṣ</em> (see issati); Sk.īrṣita] being envied or scolded,giving offence or causing anger J.V,44.(Page 123),6,1
  5035. 192155,en,15,issukin,issukin,Issukin,Issukin,(adj.) [fr.issā,Sk.īrṣyu + ka + in] envious,jealous Vin.II,89 (+ maccharin); D.III,45,246; M.I,43,96; S.IV,241; A.III,140,335; IV,2; Dh.262; J.III,259; Pv.II.3<sup>4</sup>; Pug.19,23; DhA.III,389; PvA.174.See also an°.(Page 123),7,1
  5036. 192163,en,15,ita,ita,Ita,Ita,[pp.of eti,<em>i</em>] gone,only in cpd.<i>dur-ita</i> gone badly,as nt.evil,wrong Davs.I,61; otherwise in comp<sup>n.</sup> with prep.,as peta,vīta etc.(Page 118),3,1
  5037. 192172,en,15,itara,itara,Itara,Itara,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) freq.spelling for <i>ittara</i> (q.v.).(Page 118),5,1
  5038. 192173,en,15,itara,itara,Itara,Itara,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Ved.itara = Lat.iterum a second time; compar.of pron.base *i,as in ayaṃ,etaṃ,iti etc.] other,second,next; different Dh.85,104,222; J.II,3; III,26; IV,4; PvA.13,14,42,83,117.In repetition cpd.<i>itarîtara</i> one or the other,whatsoever,any Sn.42; J.V,425; Nd<sup>2</sup> 141; Miln.395; KhA 145,147; Acc.<i>itarîtaraṃ</i> &#38; Instr.<i>itarîtarena</i> used as adv.of one kind or another,in every way,anyhow [cp.BSk.itaretara M Vastu III,348 and see Wackernagel Altind.Gram.II.Ś 121 c.] J VI 448 (°ṃ); Dh.331 (°ena); Vv 84<sup>1</sup> (text reads itritarena,v.l.itaritarena,expl<sup>d.</sup> by itaritaraṃ VvA.333).(Page 118),5,1
  5039. 192212,en,15,iti,iti,Iti,Iti,(ti) (indecl.) [Vedic iti,of pron.base *i,cp.Sk.itthaṃ thus,itthā here,there; Av.ipa so; Lat.ita &#38; item thus.Cp.also P.ettha; lit.“here,there (now),then”] emphatic‹-› deictic particle “thus”.Occurs in both forms iti &#38; ti,the former in higher style (poetry),the latter more familiar in conversational prose.The function of “iti” is expl<sup>d.</sup> by the old Pāli C.in a conventional phrase,looking upon it more as a “filling” particle than trying to define its meaning viz.--itī ti padasandhi padasaṃsaggo padapāripurī akkharasamavāyo etc.” Nd<sup>1</sup> 123 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 137.The same expl<sup>n.</sup> also for iti’haṃ (see below IV.) -- I.As deictic adv.“thus,in this way” (Vism.423 iti = evaṃ) pointing to something either just mentioned or about to be mentioned:(a) referring to what precedes Sn.253 (n’eso maman ti iti naṃ vijaññā),805; It.123 (ito devā...taṃ namassanti); Dh.74 (iti bālassa saṅkappo thus think the --foolish),286 (iti bālo vicinteti); Vv 79<sup>10</sup> (= evaṃ VvA.307); VvA.5.-- (b) referring to what follows D.I,63 (iti paṭisañcikkhati); A.I,205 (id.) -- II.As emphatic part.pointing out or marking off a statement either as not one’s own (reported) or as the definite contents of (one’s own or other’s) thoughts.On the whole untranslatable (unless written as quotation marks),often only setting off a statement as emphatic,where we would either underline the word or phrase in question,or print it in italics,or put it in quot.marks (e.g.bālo ti vuccati Dh.63 = bālo vuccati).-- 1.in direct speech (as given by writer or narrator),e.g.sādhu bhante Kassapa lābhataṃ esā janatā dassanāyā ti.Tena hi Sīha tvaṃ yeva Bhagavato ārocehī ti.Evaṃ bhante ti kho Sīho ....D.I,151.-- 2.in indirect speech:(a) as statement of a fact “so it is that” (cp.E.“viz.”,Ger.“und zwar”),mostly untranslated Kh IV.(arahā ti pavuccati); J.I,253 (tasmā pesanaka-corā t’eva vuccanti); III,51 (tayo sahāyā ahesuṃ makkato sigālo uddo ti); PvA.112 (aṅkuro pañca-sakaṭasatehi ...aññataro pi brāhmaṇo pañca-sakaṭasatehī ti dve janā sakata-sahassehi ...patipannā).-- (b) as statement of a thought “like this”,“I think”,so,thus Sn.61 (“saṅgo eso” iti ñatvā knowing “this is defilement”),253 (“neso maman” ti iti naṃ vijaññā),783 (“iti’han” ti),1094 (etaṃ dīpaṃ anāparaṃ <i>Nibbānaṃ</i> iti naṃ brūmi I call this <I>N</I>.),1130 (aparā pāraṃ gaccheyya tasmā “Parāyanaṃ” iti).-- III,Peculiarities of spelling.(1) in comb<sup>n.</sup> with other part.iti is elided &#38; contracted as follows:icc’eva,t’eva,etc.-- (2) final a,i,u preceding ti are lengthened to ā,ī,ū,e.g.mā evaṃ akatthā ti DhA.I,7; kati dhurānī ti ibid; dve yeva dhurāni bhikkhū ti ibid.‹-› IV.Combinations with other emphatic particles:+ <i>eva</i> thus indeed,in truth,really; as icc’eva Pv.I,11<sup>9</sup> (= evam eva PvA.59); t’eva J.I,253; Miin 114; tv’eva J.I,203; II,2.<i>--iti kira</i> thus now,perhaps,I should say D.I,228,229,240.<i>--iti kho</i> thus,therefore D.I,98,103; III,135.iti <i>vā</i> and so on (?),thus and such (similar cases) Nd<sup>1</sup> 13 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 420 A<sup>1</sup>.<i>--iti ha</i> thus surely,indeed Sn.934,1084 (see below under ītihītihaṃ; cp.SnA Index 669:itiha? and itikirā); It.76; DA.I,247,as iti haṃ at Sn.783 (same expl<sup>n.</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 71 as for iti).<i>--kin ti</i> how J.II,159.<br><br> <i>--kirā</i> (f.) [a substantivised iti kira] hearsay,lit.“so I guess” or “I have heard” A.I,189 = II.191 sq.= Nd<sup>2</sup> 151.Cp.itiha.<i>--bhava</i> becoming so &#38; so (opp.abhava not becoming) Vin.II,184 (°abhava); D.I,8 (ip = iti bhavo iti abhavo DA.I,91); A.II,248; It.109 (id.); syn.with itthabhava (q.v.).<i>--vāda</i> “speaking so &#38; so”,talk,gossip M.I,133; S.V,73; A.II,26; It III,35.<i>--vuttaka</i> (nt.) [a noun formation fr.iti vuttaṃ] “so it has been said”,(book of) quotations,“Logia”,N.of the fourth book of the Khuddaka-nikāya,named thus because every sutta begins with vuttaṃ h’etaṃ Bhagavatā “thus has the Buddha said” (see khuddaka and navaṅga) Vin.III,8; M.I,133; A.II,7,103; III,86,177,361 sq.; Pug.43,62; KhA 12.Kern,Toev.s.v.compares the interesting BSk.distortion itivṛttaṃ.<i>--hāsa</i> [= iti ha āsa,preserving the Vedic form āsa,3<sup>rd</sup> sg.perf.of atthi] “thus indeed it has been”,legendary lore,oral tradition,history; usually mentioned as a branch of brahmanic learning,in phrase itihāsa-pañca-mānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo etc.D.I,88 = (see DA.I,247); A.I,163; III,223; Sn.447,1020.Cp.also M Vastu I.556.--hītiha [itiha + itiha] “so &#38; so” talk,gossip,oral tradition,belief by hearsay etc.(cp.itikirā &#38; anītiha.Nd<sup>2</sup> spells ītihītiha) M.I,520; S.I,154; Sn.1084; Nd<sup>2</sup> 151.(Page 118),3,1
  5040. 192224,en,15,iti,īti,Īti,Īti, &#38; Ītī (f.) [Sk.īti,of doubtful origin] ill,calamity,plague,distress,often comb<sup>b.</sup> with &#38; substituted for upaddava,cp.BSk.ītay’opadrava (attack of plague) Divy 119.‹-› Sn.51; J.I,27 (V.189); V,401 = upaddava; Nd<sup>1</sup> 381; Nd<sup>2</sup> 48,636 (+ upaddava = santāpa); Miln.152,274,418.<i>--anīti</i> sound condition,health,safety A.IV,238; Miln.323.(Page 123),3,1
  5041. 192253,en,15,itiha,ītiha,Ītiha,Ītiha,a doublet of itiha,only found in neg.<i>an°</i>.(Page 123),5,1
  5042. 192277,en,15,itika,ītika,Ītika,Ītika,(adj.) [fr.īti] connected or affected with ill or harm,only in neg.<i>an°</i>.(Page 123),5,1
  5043. 192333,en,15,ito,ito,Ito,Ito,(indecl.) [Vedic itaḥ,Abl.-adv.formation fr.pron.base *i,cp.iti,ayaṃ etc.] adv.of succession or motion in space &#38; time “from here”.“from now”.(1) with ref.to space:(a) from here,from this,often implying the present existence (in opp.to the “other” world) It.77; Sn.271 (°ja.°nidāna caused or founded in or by this existence = attabhāvaṃ sandhāy’āha SnA 303),774 (cutāse),870 (°nidāna),1062 (from this source,i.e.from me),1101; Pv.I,5<sup>7</sup> (ito dinnaṃ what is given in this world); I,6<sup>2</sup> (i.e.manussalokato PvA.33); I,12<sup>3</sup> (= idhalokato PvA.64); Nett 93 (ito bahiddhā); PvA.46 (ito dukkhato mutti).-- (b) here (with implication of movement),in phrases ito c’ito here and there PvA.4,6; and ito vā etto vā here &#38; there DhA.II,80.-- (2) with ref.to time:from here,from now,hence (in chronological records with num.ord.or card.,with ref.either to past or future).(a) referring to the past,since D.II,2 (ito so ekanavuto kappo 91 kappas ago); Sn.570 (ito aṭṭhame,scil.divase 8 days ago SnA 457; T.reads atthami); VvA.319 (ito kira tiṃsa-kappa-sahasse); PvA.19 (dvā navuti kappe 92 kappas ago),21 (id.),78 (pañcamāya jātiyā in the fifth previous re-birth).-- (b) referring to the future,i.e.henceforth,in future,from now e.g.ito sattame divase in a week VvA.138; ito paraṃ further,after this SnA 160,178,412,549; PvA.83; ito paṭthāya from now on,henceforward J.I,63 (ito dāni p.); PvA.41.(Page 119),3,1
  5044. 192362,en,15,ittara,ittara,Ittara,Ittara,(sometimes spelt <i>itara</i>) (adj.) [Vedic itvara in meaning “going”,going along,hence developed meaning “passing”; fr.<i>i</i>] -- 1.passing,changeable,short,temporary,brief,unstable M.I,318 (opp.dīgharattaṃ); A.II,187; J.I,393; III,83 (°dassana = khaṇika° C.),IV.112 (°vāsa temporary abode); Pv.I,11<sup>11</sup> (= na cira-kāla-ṭṭhāyin anicca vipariṇāma-dhamma PvA.60); DA.I,195; PvA.60 (= paritta khaṇika).-- 2.small,inferior,poor,unreliable,mean M.II,47 (°jacca of inferior birth); A.II,34; Sn.757 (= paritta paccupaṭṭhāna SnA 509); Miln.93,114 (°pañña of small wisdom).This meaning (2) also in BSk.itvaṛa,e.g.Divy 317 (dāna).(Page 119),6,1
  5045. 192400,en,15,ittarata,ittaratā,Ittaratā,Ittaratā,(f.) [fr.ittara] changeableness Miln.93 (of a woman).(Page 119),8,1
  5046. 192415,en,15,ittha,iṭṭha,Iṭṭha,Iṭṭha,(adj.) [pp.of icchati] pleasing,welcome,agreeable,pleasant,often in the idiomatic group <i>iṭṭha kanta manāpa</i> (of objects pleasing to the senses) D.I,245; II,192; M.I,85; S.IV,60,158,235 sq.; V,22,60,147; A.II,66 sq.; V,135 (dasa,dhammā etc.,ten objects affording pleasure); Sn.759; It.15; Vbh.2,100,337.-- Alone as nt.meaning welfare,good state,pleasure,happiness at Sn.154 (+ aniṭṭha); Nett 28 (+ aniṭṭha); Vism.167 (id.); PvA.116 (= bhadraṃ),140.<i>--aniṭṭha</i> unpleasant,disagreeable PvA.32,52,60,116.-- See also pariy°,in which iṭṭha stands for eṭṭha.(Page 118),5,1
  5047. 192423,en,15,ittha,ittha,Ittha,Ittha,(indecl.) [the regular representative of Vedic ittha here,there,but preserved only in cpds.while the Pāli form is <i>ettha</i>] here,in this world (or “thus,in such a way”),only in cpd.<i>°bhāv’aññathā-bhāva</i> such an (i.e.earthly) existence and one of another kind,or existence here (in this life) and in another form” (cp.itibhāva &#38; itthatta) Sn.729,740 = 752; It.9 (v.l.itthi° for iti°) = A.II,10 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 172<sup>a</sup>; It.94 (v.l.ittha°).There is likely to have been a confusion between ittha = Sk.itthā &#38; itthaṃ = Sk.itthaṃ (see next).(Page 119),5,1
  5048. 192456,en,15,itthaka,iṭṭhakā,Iṭṭhakā,Iṭṭhakā,(Itthakā) (f.) [BSk.iṣṭakā,e.g.Divy 221; from the Idg.root <i>*</i><em>idh</em><i> </i>›<i> *</i><em>aidh</em> to burn,cp.Sk.idhma firewood,inddhe to kindle (<em>idh</em> or <em>indh</em>),edhaḥ fuel; Gr.a]i/qw burn,ai(_qos fire-brand; Lat.aedes,aestas &#38; aestus; more especially Av.ištya tile,brick) -- 1.a burnt brick,a tile Vin II 121 (°pākara a brick wall,distinguished fr.silāpakāra &#38; dāru°); J.III,435,446 (pākār iṭṭhikā read °aṭṭhakā); V,213 (rattiṭṭhikā); Vism.355 (°dārugomaya); PvA.4 (°cuṇṇa-makkhita-sīsa the head rubbed with brickpowder,i.e.plaster; a ceremony performed on one to be executed,cp.Mṛcchakaṭika X.5 piṣṭa-cūṛn’âvakīrṇaśca puruṣo ‘haṃ paśūkṛtaḥ with striking equation iṣṭaka › piṣṭa).‹-› 2.pl.(as suvaṇṇa°) gold or gilt tiles used for covering a cetiya or tope DhA.III,29,61; VvA.157.(Page 118),7,1
  5049. 192578,en,15,ittham,itthaṃ,Itthaṃ,Itthaṃ,(indecl.) [adv.fr.pron.base °i,as also iti in same meaning] thus,in this way D.I,53,213; Dāvs.IV,35; V,18. <i>--nāma</i> (itthan°) having such as name,called thus,socalled Vin.I,56; IV,136; J.I,297; Miln.115; DhA.II,98.<i>--bhūta</i> being thus,of this kind,modal,only in cpd.°lakkhaṇa or °ākhyāna the sign or case of modality,i.e.the ablative case SnA 441; VvA.162,174; PvA.150.(Page 119),6,1
  5050. 192639,en,15,itthatta,itthatta,Itthatta,Itthatta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [itthi + *tvaṃ abstr.fr.itthi] state or condition of femininity,womanhood,muliebrity Dhs.633 (= itthi-sabhāva DhsA.321).(Page 120),8,1
  5051. 192640,en,15,itthatta,itthatta,Itthatta,Itthatta,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [ittha + *tvaṃ,abstr.fr.ittha.The curious BSk.distortion of this word is icchatta M Vastu 417] being here (in this world),in the present state of becoming,this (earthly) state (not “thusness” or “life as we conceive it”,as Mrs.Rh.D.in K.S.I.177; although a confusion between ittha &#38; itthaṃ seems to exist,see ittha); “life in these conditions” K.S.II.17; expl<sup>d.</sup> by itthabhāva C.on S.I,140 (see K.S.318).-- See also freq.formula A of arahatta.-- D.I,18,84; A.I,63; II,82,159,203; Sn.158; Dhs.633; Pug.70,71; DA.I,112.(Page 119),8,1
  5052. 192651,en,15,itthi°,iṭṭhi°,Iṭṭhi°,Iṭṭhi°,in °khagga-dhāra at J.VI,223 should be read <i>iddha</i>.(Page 118),6,1
  5053. 192656,en,15,itthi,itthi,Itthi,Itthi, &#38; Itthī (f.) [Vedic stri,Av.strī woman,perhaps with Sk.sātuḥ uterus fr.Idg.<i>°sī</i> to sow or produce,Lat.sero,Goth.saian,Ohg.sāen,Ags.sāwan etc.,cp.also Cymr.hīl progeny,Oir.sīl seed; see J.Schmidt,K.Z.XXV.29.The regular representative of Vedic strī is P.<i>thī</i>,which only occurs rarely (in poetry &#38; comp<sup>n.</sup>) see thī] woman,female; also (usually as --°) wife.Opp.purisa man (see e.g.for contrast of itthi and purisa J.V,72,398; Nett 93; DhA.I,390; PvA.153).-- S.I,33 (nibbānass’eva santike),42,125 (majjhim°,mah°),185; A.I,28,138; II,115,209; III,68,90,156; IV,196 (purisaṃ bandhati); Sn.112,769 (Nom.pl.thiyo = itthi-saññikā thiyo SnA 513); J.I,286 (itthi doso),300 (Gen.pl.itthinaṃ); II,415 (Nom.pl.thiyo); V,397 (thi-ghātaka),398 (Gen.Dat.itthiyā),V.425 (nom pl.itthiyo); Vbh.336,337; DA.I,147; PvA.5,44,46,67,154 (amanuss° of petīs); Sdhp.64,79.-- <i>anitthi</i> a woman lacking the characteristics of womanhood,an unfaithful wife J.II,126 (= ucchiṭṭh° C.); kul’--itthi a wife of good descent Vin.II,10; A.III,76; IV,16,19; dahar° a young wife J.I,291; dur° a poor woman J.IV,38.‹-› Some general characterisations of womanhood:10 kinds of women enum<sup>d.</sup> at Vin.III,139 = A.V,264 = VvA.72,viz.mātu-rakkhitā,pitu°,mātāpitu° bhātu°,bhaginī°,ñāti°,gotta°,dhamma°,sarakkhā,saparidaṇḍā; see Vin.III,139 for expl<sup>n.</sup> -- S.I,38 (malaṃ brahmacariyassa),43 (id.); J.I,287 (itthiyo nāma āsa lāmikā pacchimikā); IV,222 (itthiyo papāto akkhāto; pamattaṃ pamathenti); V,425 (sīho yathā ...that’itthiyo); women as goods for sale S.I,43 (bhaṇḍānaṃ uttamaṃ); DhA.I,390 (itthiyo vikkiṇiya bhaṇḍaṃ).<br><br> <i>--agāra</i> (-āgāra) as <i>itthagāra(itthāgāra)</i> women’s apartment,seraglio Vin.I,72; IV,158; S.I,58,89; J.I,90; also coll.for womenfolk,women (cp.Ger.frauenzimmer) D.II,249; J.V,188.<i>--indriya</i> the female principle or sex,femininity (opp.Puris’indriya) S.V,204; A.IV,57 sq.; Vism.447,492; Dhs.585,633,653 et passim.<i>--kathā</i> talk about women D.I,7 (cp.DA.I,90).<i>--kāma</i> the craving for a woman S.IV,343.<i>--kutta</i> a woman’s behaviour,woman’s wiles,charming behaviour,coquetry A.IV,57 = Dhs.633; J.I,296,433; II,127,329; IV,219,472; DhA.IV,197.<i>--ghātaka</i> a woman-killer J.V,398.<i>--dhana</i> wife’s treasure,dowry Vin.III,16.<i>--dhutta</i> a rogue in the matter of women,one who indulges in women Sn.106; J.III,260; PvA.5.<i>--nimitta</i> characteristic of a woman Dhs.633,713,836.<i>--pariggaha</i> a woman’s company,a woman Nd<sup>1</sup> 11.<i>--bhāva</i> existence as woman,womanhood S.I,129; Th.2,216 (referring to a yakkhinī,cp.ThA.178; Dhs.633; PvA.168.<i>--rūpa</i> womanly beauty A.I,1; III,68; Th.2,294.<i>--lakkhaṇa</i> fortune-telling regarding a woman D.I,9 (cp.DhA.I,94,+ purisa°); J.VI,135.<i>--liṅga</i> “sign of a woman”,feminine quality,female sex Vism.184; Dhs.633,713,836; DhsA.321 sq.<i>--sadda</i> the sound (or word) “woman” DhA.I,15.<i>--soṇḍī</i> a woman addicted to drink Sn.112.(Page 120),5,1
  5054. 192714,en,15,itthika,itthikā,Itthikā,Itthikā,(f.) [fr.itthi] a woman Vin.III,16; D.II,14; J.I,336; Vv 18<sup>7</sup>; Sdhp.79.As adj.<i>itthika</i> in <i>bahutthika</i> having many women,plentiful in women Vin.II,256 (kulāni bahuttikāni appapurisakāni rich in women &#38; lacking in men); S.II,264 (id.and <i>appitthikāni</i>).(Page 120),7,1
  5055. 192860,en,15,iva,iva,Iva,Iva,(indecl.) [Vedic iva &#38; va] part.of comparison:like,as Dh.1,2,7,8,287,334; J.I,295; SnA 12 (= opamma-vacanaṃ).Elided to ‘va,diaeretic-metathetic form <i>viya</i> (q.v.).(Page 122),3,1
  5056. 192872,en,15,ja,ja,Ja,Ja,(-°) [adj.-suffix from <em>jan</em>,see janati; cp.°ga; gacchati] born,produced,sprung or arisen from.Freq.in cpds.:atta°,ito°,eka°,kuto°,khandha°,jala°,daratha°,dāru°,di°,puthuj°,pubba°,yoni°,vāri°,saha°,sineha°.(Page 277),2,1
  5057. 192884,en,15,jacca,jacca,Jacca,Jacca,(adj.) [jāti+tya] of birth,by birth (usually --°) M.II,47 (ittara°.of inferior birth); Sn.p.80 (kiṃ° of what birth,i.e.of what social standing); J.I,342 (hīna° of low birth):Sdhp.416 (id.) J.V,257 (nihīna°); Miln.189 (sama° of equal rank).<br><br> <i>--andha</i> (adj.) blind from birth Ud.62 sq.(Jaccandhavagga VI,4); J.I,45,76; IV,192; Vbh.412 sq.; in similes at Vism.544,596.(Page 277),5,1
  5058. 192891,en,15,jacca,jaccā,Jaccā,Jaccā,Instr.of jāti.(Page 277),5,1
  5059. 192933,en,15,jaddhu,jaddhu,Jaddhu,Jaddhu,[for jaddhuṃ,inf.to <em>jakṣ</em> (P.jaggh),corresp.to Sk.jagdhi eating food; intens.of ghasati] only in composition as <i>a°</i> not eating,abstaining from food.<i>°ka</i> one who fasts M.I,245; <i>°māra</i> death by starvation J.VI,63 (=anāsaka-maraṇa; Fsb.has note:read ajuṭṭha°?); °mārika A.IV,287 (v.l.ajeṭṭha°).(Page 278),6,1
  5060. 192952,en,15,jagara,jāgara,Jāgara,Jāgara,(adj.) [fr.jāgarti] waking,watchful,careful,vigilant S.I,3; A.II,13=It.116; M.II,31; It.41; Miln.300.-- bahu° wide awake,well aware,cautious Sn.972 (cp.rakkhita-mānasāno in same context V.63); Dh.29.(Page 280),6,1
  5061. 192976,en,15,jagarana,jāgaraṇa,Jāgaraṇa,Jāgaraṇa,(nt.) [der.fr.jāgara] a means for waking or keeping awake Miln.301.(Page 280),8,1
  5062. 193010,en,15,jagarata,jāgaratā,Jāgaratā,Jāgaratā,(f.) [cp.Sk.jāgaraṇa] watchfulness,vigilance S.I,3.(Page 280),8,1
  5063. 193021,en,15,jagarati,jāgarati,Jāgarati,Jāgarati,[Sk.jāgarti to be awake (redupl.perf.for jājarti) *ger &#38; gerēi; cp.Lat.expergiscor (*exprogrīscor); Gr.e)geiρw,perf.e)grήgora (for *e)gήgora).Def.at Dhtp 254 by niddā-khaya] to be awake,to be watchful,to be on the alert (cp.guttadvāra) Dh.60 (dīghā jāgarato rattī),226; It.41; Miln.300.-- pp.jāgarita (q.v.).(Page 280),8,1
  5064. 193035,en,15,jagarita,jāgarita,Jāgarita,Jāgarita,(nt.) [pp.of jāgarti] waking,vigil It.41; Pug.59.(Page 280),8,1
  5065. 193050,en,15,jagariya,jāgariyā,Jāgariyā,Jāgariyā,(f.) [BSk.M Vastu jāgarikā] keeping awake,watchfulness,vigilance,esp.in the sense of being cautious of the dangers that are likely to befall one who strives after perfection.Therefore freq.in comb<sup>n</sup> “indriyesu guttadvāro bhojane mattaññū jāgariyaṃ anuyutto” (anuyuñjati:to apply oneself to or being devoted to vigilance),e.g.S.II,218; M.I,32,273,354 sq.,471; A.I,113 sq.; II,40.-- Also in °ṃ bhajati to pursue watchfulness (bhajetha keep vigil) It.42; Sn.926 (niddaṃ na bahulīkareyya j°ṃ bhajeyya ātāpī).-- S.IV,104; M.I,273,355; Miln.388.<br><br> --ânuyoga application or practice of watchfulness Nd<sup>1</sup> 484.(Page 280),8,1
  5066. 193067,en,15,jagat,jagat,Jagat,Jagat,(nt.) [Vedic jagat,intens.of <em>gam</em>,see gacchati] the world,the earth A.II,15,17 (jagato gati); S.I,186 (jagatogadha plunged into the world).(Page 277),5,1
  5067. 193076,en,15,jagati,jagatī,Jagatī,Jagatī,(f.) [see jagat] only in cpds.as jagati°:<br><br> <i>--ppadesa</i> a spot in the world Dh.127=PvA.104; <i>--ruha</i> earth grown,i.e.a tree J.I,216.(Page 277),6,1
  5068. 193107,en,15,jagga,jagga,Jagga,Jagga,(nt.) [jaggati+ya] wakefulness S.I,111.(Page 277),5,1
  5069. 193122,en,15,jaggana,jaggana,Jaggana,Jaggana,(nt.) [from jaggati] watching,tending,bringing up J.I,148 (dāraka°).(Page 277),7,1
  5070. 193140,en,15,jagganata,jagganatā,Jagganatā,Jagganatā,(to jāgarati] watchfulness J.I,10.(Page 277),9,1
  5071. 193175,en,15,jaggati,jaggati,Jaggati,Jaggati,(=jāgarati,Dhtp 22 gives <em>jagg</em> as root in meaning “niddā-khaya.”] (a) to watch,to lie awake J.V,269.‹-› (b) to watch over,i.e.to tend,to nourish,rear,bring up J.I,148 (dārakaṃ),245 (āsīvisaṃ).(Page 277),7,1
  5072. 193206,en,15,jagghati,jagghati,Jagghati,Jagghati,[Intens.to sound-root <em>ghar</em>.for *jaghrati.See note on gala.Kern compares Ved.jakṣati,Intens.of hasati (Toev.under anujagghati); Dhtp 31 <em>jaggh</em>= hasane] to laugh,to deride J.III,223; V,436; VI,522.‹-› pp.<i>jagghita</i> J.VI,522.See also anu°,pa°.(Page 277),8,1
  5073. 193216,en,15,jagghita,jagghitā,Jagghitā,Jagghitā,(f.) laughter J.III,226.(Page 277),8,1
  5074. 193257,en,15,jaghana,jaghana,Jaghana,Jaghana,(nt.) [Vedic jaghana,cp.Gr.koxw/nh; see jaṅghā] the loins,the buttocks Vin.II,266; J.V,203.(Page 277),7,1
  5075. 193285,en,15,jaha,jaha,Jaha,Jaha,(adj.) (--°) [to jahati] leaving behind,giving up,see attaṃ°,okaṃ°,kappaṃ°,raṇaṃ°,sabbaṃ°,etc (S.I,52; It.58; Sn.790,1101,etc.); duj° hard to give up Th.1,495.(Page 280),4,1
  5076. 193336,en,15,jahati,jahati,Jahati,Jahati, &#38; jahāti [Vedic root <em>hā</em>.Cp.*ghē(i) &#38; ghī to be devoid (of),Gr.xh_ros void of,xh_ra widow,xwρa open space (cp.Sk.vihāya=ākāsa),xwri/zw separate; Lat.her-es; Sk.jihīte to go forth=Ohg.gēn,gān,Ags.gan=go; also Sk.hāni want=Goth.gaidw,cp.Gr.xati/zw] to leave,abandon,lose; give up,renounce,forsake.Ster.expl<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 255 (and passim):pajahati vinodeti byantikaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti.Lit.as well as fig.; esp.w.ref.to kāma,dosa &#38; other evil qualities.-- Pres.jahāti Sn.1,506 (dosaṃ),589; Dh.91; imper.jahassu Sn.1121 (rūpaṃ); pot.jahe It.34; Dh.221; J.IV,58, &#38; jaheyya Sn.362; It.115; J.I,153; IV,58.-- Fut.jahissāmi J.III,279; IV,420; V,465; in verse:hassāmi J.IV,420; V,465.-- Ger.hitvā (very frequent) Sn.284,328; Dh.29,88,etc.; hitvāna (Sn.60),jahitvā &#38; jahetvā (Sn.500).-- Inf.jahituṃ J.I,138.-- pp.jahita Sn.231; Kh 9; Miln.261.-- Pass.hāyati S.II,224; Sn.817; Miln.297,hāyate J.V,488 &#38; hīyati J.II,65; Sn.944 (hīyamāna),cp.hāyare J.II,327; pp.hīna (q.v.).-- Caus.hāpeti (q.v.).See also hāni,hāyin,jaha.(Page 280),6,1
  5077. 193412,en,15,jahitika,jahitikā,Jahitikā,Jahitikā,(f.) [See jahati] (a woman) who has been jilted,or rejected,or repudiated J.I,148.(Page 280),8,1
  5078. 193441,en,15,jajjara,jajjara,Jajjara,Jajjara,[From intensive of jarati] withered,feeble with age Th.2,270; J.I,5,59 (jarā°); ThA.212; PvA.63 (°bhāva,state of being old) -- <i>a°</i> not fading (cp.amata &#38; ajarāmara),of Nibbāna S.IV,369.(Page 277),7,1
  5079. 193474,en,15,jajjarita,jajjarita,Jajjarita,Jajjarita,[pp.of intens.of <em>jar</em> see jarati] weakened DhA.I,7.(Page 277),9,1
  5080. 193526,en,15,jala,jala,Jala,Jala,(nt.) [Sk.jala,conn.with gala drop (?),prob.dialectical; cp.udaka] water Sn.845; J.I,222; III,188; IV,137.<br><br> <i>--gocara</i> living in the water J.II,158.<i>--ja</i> born or sprung from w.J.IV,333; V,445; VvA.42; <i>--da</i> “giving water,” rain-cloud Dāvs.V,32; <i>--dhara</i> [cp.jalandhara rain-cloud] the sea Miln.117; <i>--dhi</i>=prec.Dāvs.V,38.(Page 279),4,1
  5081. 193537,en,15,jala,jaḷa,Jaḷa,Jaḷa,(adj.) [Sk.jaḍa] dull,slow,stupid D.III,265 (a°); A.II,252; Pug.13; Miln.251; DA.I,290.(Page 280),4,1
  5082. 193550,en,15,jala,jāla,Jāla,Jāla,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.jvāla,from jalati] glow,blaze J.V,326; PvA.52 (=tejas),154 (raṃsi°); Miln.357; Vism.419 (kappavināsaka°).<br><br> <i>--roruva</i> N.of one of the two Roruva hells (“blazes”) J.V,271; <i>--sikhā</i> a glowing crest i.e.a flame Nd<sup>2</sup> 11 (=accī).(Page 283),4,1
  5083. 193551,en,15,jala,jāla,Jāla,Jāla,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic jāla,prob.from <em>jaṭ</em> to plait,make a tangle cp.jaṭita &#38; jaṭā; on l:ṭ cp.phulla:sphuṭa; cāru:cāṭu; cela:ceṭa] a net; netting,entanglement (lit.or fig.):snare,deceptíon (=māyā).-- A.I,it.Nd<sup>2</sup> 260 (=suttajāla,a plaiting of threads); SnA 115,263 (=suttamaya) D.I,45 (anto-jālikata caught in a net); Sn.62,71,213,669; J.I,52; VI,139.-- kiṅkiṇika° a row of bells D.II,183; muttā° a net of pearls J.I,9; VvA.40; loha° PvA.153; hema° Vv 35; a fowler’s net Dh.174; a spider’s web Dh.347; nets for hair J.VI,188; pabbata° a chain of mountains J.II,399; sirā° network of veins J.V,69; PvA.68.-- Freq.in similes:see J.P.T.S.1907,90.-- B.Fig.Very often appl<sup>d</sup> to the snares of Māra:S.I,48 (maccuno); Sn.357 (id.); DhA.III,175 (Māra°); Sn.527 (deception); taṇhā° the snare of worldly thirst (cp.°tanhā) M.I,271; Th.1,306; SnA 351; kāma° Th.1,355; moha° S.III,83; mohasama Dh.251; diṭṭhi° the fallacies of heresy D.I,46; J.VI,220; ñāṇa° the net of knowledge VvA.63; DhA.III,171.bhumma° (vijjā) “earthly net,” i.e.gift of clearsight extending over the earth SnA 353.<br><br> <i>--akkhi</i> a mesh of a net J.I,208:<i>--taṇhā</i> the net of thirst Dhs.1059,1136; DhsA.367; <i>--pūpa</i> a “netcake”? DhA.I,319; <i>--hatthapāda</i> (adj.) having net-like hands &#38; feet (one of the 32 marks of a Mahāpurisa) prob.with reference to long nails D.II,17 (see Dial.II.14,note 3),cp.jālitambanakhehi Vv 81<sup>16</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.315:jālavantehi abhilohita-nakkehi.Tena jāli (v.l.jāla-) hatthataṃ mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇaṃ tambanakhataṃ anuvyañ anañ ca dasseti).(Page 283),4,1
  5084. 193561,en,15,jala,jālā,Jālā,Jālā,(f.) [see <i>jāla<sup>2</sup></i>] a flame J.I,216,322; Miln.148,357.(Page 283),4,1
  5085. 193591,en,15,jalabu,jalābu,Jalābu,Jalābu,[Sk.jarāyu,slough &#38; placenta,to <i>jar</i> see jarati,originally that which decays (=decidua); cp.Gr.gh_ras slough.As to meanings cp.gabbha] 1.the womb S.III,240.-- 2.the embryo J.IV,38.-- 3.the placenta J.II,38.<br><br> <i>--ja</i> born from a womb,viviparous M.I,73; D.III,230; J.II,53=V.85.(Page 280),6,1
  5086. 193732,en,15,jalaka,jālaka,Jālaka,Jālaka,(nt.) [jāla<sup>1</sup>+ka] 1.a net J.VI,536; Dāvs.V,51.‹-› 2.a bud A.IV,117 sq.(°jāta in bud).-- f.<i>jālikā</i> chain armour Miln.199.(Page 283),6,1
  5087. 193833,en,15,jalana,jalana,Jalana,Jalana,(n.-adj.) [Sk.jvalana] burning Pgdp 16.(Page 280),6,1
  5088. 194017,en,15,jalati,jalati,Jalati,Jalati,[Sk.jvalati,with jvarati to be hot or feverish,to <em>jval</em> to burn (Dhtp 264:dittiyaṃ),cp.Ohg.kol=coal; Celt.gûal] to burn,to shine D 3,188; M.I,487; J.I,62; II,380; IV,69; It.86; Vv 46<sup>2</sup>; VvA.107; Miln.223,343.-- Caus.<i>jaleti</i> &#38; jāleti (cp.janeti:jāneti) to set on fire,light,kindle S.I,169; J.II,104; Miln.47.-- pp.<i>jalita</i>.Intens.daddaḷhati (q.v.).Cp.ujjāleti.(Page 280),6,1
  5089. 194109,en,15,jaleti,jāleti,Jāleti,Jāleti,[caus.of jalati.See also jaleti] to cause to burn,to light,kindle J.II,104; IV,290; V,32.(Page 283),6,1
  5090. 194167,en,15,jalin,jālin,Jālin,Jālin,(adj.-n.) “having a net,” ensnaring,deceptive:(a) lit.a fisherman J.II,178.-- (b) fig.usually in f.<i>°inī</i> of tanhā (ensnarer,witch) S.I,107=Dh.180; A.II,211; Th.1,162,908; Dhs.1059; Vism.1; DhsA.363; cp.M Vastu I.166; III,92.(Page 283),5,1
  5091. 194194,en,15,jalita,jalita,Jalita,Jalita,(adj.) [pp.to jalati] set on fire,burning,shining,bright,splendid Sn.396,668,686; Vv 21<sup>6</sup> (=jalanto jotanto VvA.107); Pv.I,10<sup>14</sup> (burning floor of Niraya); II,1<sup>12</sup> (°ânubhāva:shining majesty); PvA.41 (=āditta burning); ThA.292.(Page 280),6,1
  5092. 194318,en,15,jalla,jalla,Jalla,Jalla,<sup>2</sup> [prob.=jhalla,see Kern,Toevoegselen s.v.] athlete,acrobat J.VI,271.(Page 280),5,1
  5093. 194319,en,15,jalla,jalla,Jalla,Jalla,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [*jalya to jala or <em>gal</em>] moisture,(wet) dirt,perspiration (mostly as seda° or in cpd.rajo°,q.v.) Sn.249 (=rajojalla SnA 291); J.VI,578 (sweat under the armpits=jallikā Com.).(Page 280),5,1
  5094. 194334,en,15,jallika,jallikā,Jallikā,Jallikā,(f.) [demin.of jalla] a drop (of perspiration),dirt in <i>seda°</i>,etc.A.I,253 (kāli°); Sn.198=J.I,146; VI,578.(Page 280),7,1
  5095. 194343,en,15,jalogi,jalogi,Jalogi,Jalogi,(nt.?) toddy (i.e.juice extracted from the palmyra,the date or the cocoa palm) Vin.II,294 (pātuṃ the drinking of j.),301,307; Mhvs 4,10.(Page 280),6,1
  5096. 194374,en,15,jalupika,jalūpikā,Jalūpikā,Jalūpikā,(f.) [Sk.*jalūkikā=jalūkā &#38; (pop.etym.) jalaṅkā (sprung fr.water),borrowed fr.Npers.ƶalū (?Uhlenbeck); cp.Gr.bdέlla leech,Celt.gel; perhaps to <em>gal</em> in the sense of such (?)] a leech Miln.407 (v.l.jalopikā). jalūkā leech DA.I,117.(Page 280),8,1
  5097. 194388,en,15,jamatar,jāmātar,Jāmātar,Jāmātar,( &#38; <i>jāmāta</i> J.IV,219) [Vedic jāmātar.Deriv.uncertain.BR.take it as jā+mātar,the builder up of the family,supposing the case where there is no son and the husband goes to live in the wife’s family,a bīna marriage.More likely fr.ldg <i>*gem</i>,to marry.Cp.Gr.gamέw; gambrόs,Lat.gener] daughter’s husband,son-inlaw Th.2,422 (=ThA.269 duhitu pati); J.II,63; V,442.(Page 283),7,1
  5098. 194403,en,15,jambala,jambāla,Jambāla,Jambāla,[Sk.jambāla] mud; adj.<i>jambālin</i> muddy,as n.<i>jambālī</i> (f.) a dirty pool (at entrance to village) A.II,166.(Page 279),7,1
  5099. 194444,en,15,jambhana,jambhanā,Jambhanā,Jambhanā,(f.) [to jambhati] arousing,activity,alertness Vbh.352.(Page 279),8,1
  5100. 194454,en,15,jambhati,jambhati,Jambhati,Jambhati,[cp.Vedic jehate,Dhtp 208 &#38; Dhtm 298 define <i>jambh</i> as “gatta-vināma,” i.e.bending the body] to yawn,to arouse oneself,to rise,go forth (of a lion) J.VI,40.(Page 279),8,1
  5101. 194478,en,15,jambonada,jambonada,Jambonada,Jambonada,[Sk.jāmbūnada; belonging to or coming from the Jambu river (?)] a special sort of gold (in its unwelded state); also spelled <i>jambunada</i> (J.IV,105; VvA.13,340) A.I,181; II,8,29; Vv 84<sup>17</sup>.Cp.jātarūpa.(Page 279),9,1
  5102. 194506,en,15,jambu,jambu,Jambu,Jambu,(f.) [Sk.jambu] the rose-apple tree,Eugenia Jambolana J.II,160; V,6; Vv 6<sup>7</sup>; 44<sup>13</sup>,164.-- As adj.f.<i>jambī</i> sarcastically “rose-apple-maid,” appl<sup>d</sup> to a gardener’s daughter J.III,22.<br><br> <i>--dīpa</i> the country of the rose-apples i.e.India J.I,263; VvA.18; Miln.27,etc.<i>--nada</i> see jambonada; <i>--pakka</i> the fruit of Eugenia jambolana,the rose-apple (of black or dark colour) Vism.409; <i>--pesī</i> the rind of the r.-a.fruit J.V,465; <i>--rukka</i> the r.-a.tree DhA.III,211; <i>--saṇḍa</i> rose-apple grove (=°dīpa,N.for India) Sn.552= Th.1,822.(Page 279),5,1
  5103. 194588,en,15,jambuka,jambuka,Jambuka,Jambuka,[Sk.jambuka,to <em>jambh</em>?] a jackal J.II,107; III,223.(Page 279),7,1
  5104. 194713,en,15,jamma,jamma,Jamma,Jamma,(adj.) [Vedic *jālma (?),dialectical?] miserable,wretched,contemptible J.II,110; III,99 (=lāmaka); f.<i>--ī</i> S.V,217; Dh.335,336 (of taṇhā); J.II,428; V,421; DhA.IV,44 (=lāmakā).(Page 279),5,1
  5105. 194724,en,15,jamman,jamman,Jamman,Jamman,(a) (nt.) [to janati] birth,descent,rank Sn.1018.(Page 279),6,1
  5106. 194749,en,15,jana,jana,Jana,Jana,[<i>*genē:</i> see janati.Cp.Gr.gQnos,gόnos; Lat.genus=Fr.gens,to which also similar in meaning] a creature,living being:(a) sg.an individual,a creature,person,man Sn.121,676,807,1023 (sabba everybody).Usually collectively:people,they,one (=Fr.on),with pl.of verb Dh.249 (dadanti); often as <i>mahājana</i> the people,the crowd S.I,115; J.I,167,294; PvA.6; lokamahājana=loka DhA.III,175; or as <i>bahu(j)jana</i> many people,the many A.I,68; Dh.320; DhA.III,175.See also puthujjana.-- (b) pl.men,persons,people,beings:nānā° various living beings Sn.1102 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 248 as khattiyā brāhmaṇā vessā suddā gahaṭṭhā pabbajitā devā manussā.) dve janā J.I,151; II,105; tayo j.J.I,63; III,52; keci janā some people PvA.20.See also Sn.243,598,1077,1121.<br><br> <i>--âdhipa</i> a king of men J.II,369; <i>--inda</i>=prec.J.III,280,294; <i>--esabha</i> the leader of men,the best of all people Dh.255; <i>--kāya</i> a body or group of people J.I,28; DhA.I,33 (dve j.:micchā &#38; sammā-diṭṭhikā); Dpvs.I,40; <i>--pada</i> country see sep.; <i>--majjhe</i> (Loc.) before (all) the people J.I,294; Th.2,394; <i>--vāda</i> people’s talk,gossip Sn.973.(Page 278),4,1
  5107. 194760,en,15,jana,jāna,Jāna,Jāna,(adj.) [to <em>jñā</em>,see jānāti] knowing or knowable,understandable J.III,24 (=jānamāna).<i>dujjāna</i> difficult to understand D.I,170,187; M.I,487; II,43.<i>su°</i> recognizable,intelligible Pv IV.1<sup>35</sup> (=suviññeyya PvA.230).Cp.ājāna.(Page 282),4,1
  5108. 194797,en,15,janaka,janaka,Janaka,Janaka,[to janati] 1.producing,production Vism.369; adj.(-°) producing:pasāda° Mhvs.I,4 (=°kāraka); a species of karma Vism.601; Cpd.144 (A.I).-- 2.n.f.<i>°ikā</i> genetrix,mother J.I,16; Dhs.1059≈(where it represents another jānikā,viz.deception,as shown by syn.māyā &#38; B.Sk.janikā Lal.V.541; Kern,Toev.p.41).(Page 278),6,1
  5109. 194938,en,15,janana,janana,Janana,Janana,(adj.) [to janati] producing,causing (-°) It.84 (anattha° dosa); J.IV,141; Dpvs.I,2; DhsA.258; Dhtp 428.-- f.<i>jananī</i> PvA.1 (saṃvega° desanā);= mother (cp.janettī) J.IV,175; PvA.79.Note.jananā DA.I,310 is misprint for janatā.(Page 278),6,1
  5110. 194949,en,15,janana,jānana,Jānana,Jānana,(nt.) [fr.<em>jñā</em>] knowledge,cognizance,recognition; intelligence,learning,skill J.I,145 (attānaṃ --°kālato paṭṭhāya from the time of self-recognition),200 (-°manta knowledge of a spell,a spell known by:tumhākaṃ) II.221; SnA 330; DhA.II,73 (°sabhāva= ñatta); DA.I,86 (akkhara°); Vism.391 (°atthāya in order to know),436 (=pajānana).Cp.ājānana.‹-› <i>ajānana</i> not knowing (°-) J.V,199; VI,177; not known J.I,32 (°sippa).(Page 282),6,1
  5111. 194986,en,15,jananaka,jānanaka,Jānanaka,Jānanaka,(adj.) [Sk.*jñānaka,cp.jānana &#38; Sk.jānaka (c.Gen.) expert Av Ś II.119,120,as n.ib.I.216] knowing DhsA.394.(Page 282),8,1
  5112. 195082,en,15,jananata,jānanatā,Jānanatā,Jānanatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.jānana] the fact of knowing,knowledge KhA 144.(Page 282),8,1
  5113. 195156,en,15,janapada,janapada,Janapada,Janapada,[jana+pada,the latter in function of collective noun-abstract:see pada 3] inhabited country,the country (opp.town or market-place),the continent; politically:a province,district,county D.I,136 (opp.nigama); II,349; A.I,160,178; Sn.422,683,995,1102; J.I,258; II,3 (opp.nagara),139,300; PvA.20,32,111 (province).See also gāma.The 16 provinces of Buddhist India are comprised in the soḷasa mahā-janapadā (Miln.350) enum<sup>d</sup> at A.I,213=IV.252 sq.=Nd<sup>2</sup> 247 (on Sn.1102) as follows:Aṅgā,Magadhā (+Kālingā,Nd<sup>2</sup>) Kāsī,Kosalā,Vajjī,Mallā,Cetī (Cetiyā A.IV,),Vaṃsā (Vaṅgā A.I,),Kurū,Pañcālā,Majjā (Macchā A),Sūrasenā,Assakā,Avantī,Yonā (Gandhārā A),Kambojā.Cp.Rhys Davids,B.India p.23.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> talk or gossip about the province D.I,7≈; <i>--kalyāṇī</i> a country-beauty,i.e.the most beautiful girl in the province D.I,193 (see kalyāṇa); <i>--cārikā</i> tramping the country PvA.14; <i>--tthāvariya</i> stableness,security,of the realm,in °patta,one who has attained a secure state of his realm,of a Cakkavattin D.I,88; II,16; Sn.p.106; <i>--padesa</i> a rural district A.IV,366; V,101.(Page 278),8,1
  5114. 195167,en,15,janapada,jānapada,Jānapada,Jānapada,(adj.-n.) [fr.janapada] belonging to the country,living in the c.; pl.country-folk (opp.negamā townsfolk) D.I,136,142; M.II,74; J.II,287,388; DA.I,297 (=janapada-vāsin).(Page 282),8,1
  5115. 195525,en,15,janata,janatā,Janatā,Janatā,(f.) [from janati] a collection of people (“mankind”),congregation,gathering; people,folk D.I,151 (=DA.I,310,correct jananā),206; Vin.II,128=M.II,93 (pacchimā); A.I,61 (id.); III,251 (id.); It.33; J.IV,110; Pv III,5<sup>7</sup> (=janȧsamūha upāsakagaṇa PvA.200).(Page 278),6,1
  5116. 195541,en,15,janati,janati,Janati,Janati,<sup>2</sup> to make a sound J.VI,64 (=sanati saddaṃ karoti).(Page 278),6,1
  5117. 195542,en,15,janati,janati,Janati,Janati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.janati (trs.) &#38; jāyate (intrs.); <i>*gene </i>&<i> *gnē</i> to (be able to) produce; Gr.gi/gnomai (gέnesis) gnwtόs =jāta=(g)nātus; Lat.gigno,natura,natio; Goth.knōps &#38; kunps; Cymr.geni,Ags.cennan,Ohg.kind,etc.] only in Caus.<i>janeti</i> [Sk.janayati] often spelled jāneti (cp.jaleti:jāleti) &#38; Pass.(intrs.) jāyati to bring forth,produce,cause,syn.sañjaneti nibbatteti abhinibbatteti Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.(cp.karoti).ussāhaṃ j.to put forth exertion J.II,407 (see chanda); (saṃ)vegaṃ j.to stir up emotion (aspiration) J.III,184; PvA.32; Mhvs.I,4; dukkhaṃ j.to cause discomfort PvA.63.-- Aor.<i>janayi</i> Th.2,162 (Māyā j.Gotamaṃ:she bore).-- pp.<i>janita</i> produced PvA.1.-- See also jantu jamma,jāta,jāti,ñāti,etc.(Page 278),6,1
  5118. 195553,en,15,janati,jānāti,Jānāti,Jānāti,[Vedic <em>jñā</em>,jānāti <i>*genē </i>&<i> *gnē</i>,cp.Gr.gignwζkw,gnwtόs,gnώsis; Lat.nosco,notus,(i)gnarus (cp.E.i-gnorant); Goth.kunnan; Ohg.kennan,Ags.cnāwan=E.know] to know.<br><br> I.Forms:The 2 Vedic roots <i>jān° </i>&<i> jñā°</i> are represented in P.by jān° &#38; ñā° (ña°) 1.<i>jān:</i> pres.<i>jānāti</i>; pot.jāneyya (Sn.781) &#38; jaññā (A.IV,366; Sn.116,775; Dh.157,352; J.II,346; IV,478) 2nd sg.jāneyyāsi (M.I.487; J.I,288),1st pl.jāniyāma (Sn.873) &#38; (archaic) jānemu (Sn.76,599; Vv 83<sup>11</sup>); -- imper.jānāhi (Sn.596,1026; Pv.II,9<sup>12</sup>),3rd.sg.jānātu (It.28); -- ppr.jānanto &#38; jānaṃ (D.I,192; A.I,128; Sn.722),ppr.med.jānamāna (J.I,168); -- fut.<i>jānissati</i> (J.II,342; VI,364); -- aor.<i>ajāni</i> (Sn.536) &#38; jāni (J.I,125,269),3rd pl.jāniṃsu (J.II,105; VvA.113); -- ger.<i>jānitvā</i> (J.I,293; III,276); inf.jānituṃ (J.I,125).Caus.<i>jānāpeti</i> (see below IV.2).-- 2.<i>ñā:</i> fut.<i>ñassati</i> (D.I,165); -- aor.<i>aññāsi</i> (J.I,271) &#38; nāsi (Sn.471),3rd pl.aññaṃsu (Vv 22<sup>4</sup>).-- ger.<i>ñatvā</i> (freq.); -- grd.ñeyya A.II,135 (see below) &#38; ñātabba (PvA.133); -- inf.ñātuṃ (freq.) -- pp.ñāta (q.v.).‹-› Pass.<i>ñāyati</i> to be called or named (Miln.25).<br><br> II.Cognate Forms:Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.explains <i>jānāti</i> by passati dakkhati adhigacchati vindati paṭilabhati, &#38; <i>ñatvā</i> (No.267) by jānitvā tulayitvā tirayitva vibhāvayitvā vibhūtaṃ katvā (very freq.) The 1st expl<sup>n</sup> is also applied to abhijānāti, &#38; the 2nd to passitvā,viditaṃ katvā,abhiññāya &#38; disvā.The use of the emphatic phrase jānāti passati is very frequent.Yaṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi taṃ tvaṃ icchasi kāmesi? Whom you know not neither have seen,is it she that you love and long for? D.I,193; Bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti passaṃ passati cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto M.I,111; similarly A.IV,153 sq.See further D.I,2,40,84,157 sq,165,192 sq.,238 sq.; A.I,128; III,338; V,226; Sn.908; Nd<sup>2</sup> 35,413,517; Vism.200.<br><br> III,Meaning:(1) Intrs.to know,to have or gain knowledge,to be experienced,to be aware,to find out:mayam pi kho na jānāma surely,even we do not know D.I,216; te kho evaṃ jāneyyaṃ they ought to know ib.; jānantā nāma n’âhesuṃ “nobody knew” J.III,188; jānāhi find out J.I,184; kālantarena jānissatha you will see in time PvA.13; ajānanto unawares,unsuspecting I.223; ajānamāna id.Pv.II,3<sup>14</sup>.-- 2.Trs.to know recognize,be familiar with (usually c.Acc.,but also with Gen.:J.I,337; II,243),to have knowledge of,experience,find; to infer,conclude,distinguish,state,define:yaṃ ahaṃ jānāmi taṃ tvaṃ jānāsi D.I,88; aham p’etaṃ na jānāmi Sn.989; jānanti taṃ yakkhabhūtā Pv IV.1<sup>35</sup>; paccakkhato ñatvā finding out personally J.I,262; III,168; cittam me Gotamo jānāti S.I,178; jānāti maṃ Bhagavā S.I,116; kathaṃ jānemu taṃ mayaṃ? How shall we know (or identify) him? Vv 83<sup>11</sup>; yathā jānemu brāhmaṇaṃ so that we may know what a b.is Sn.599; yath’âhaṃ jāneyyaṃ vasalaṃ Sn.p.21; ajānanto ignorant PvA.4; annapānaṃ ajāṇanto (being without bread &#38; water) PvA.169; ittaraṃ ittarato ñatvā inferring the trifling from the trifle Pv.I,11<sup>11</sup>; iṅgha me uṇh’odakaṃ jānāhi find me some hot water S.I,174; seyyaṃ jānāhi Vin.IV,16; phalaṃ pāpassa jānamāna (having experi‹-› enced) J.I,168; mantaṃ j.(to be in possession of a charm) J.I,253; maggaṃ na j.Sn.441; pamāṇaṃ ajānitvā (knowing no measure) PvA.130.-- 3.With double Acc.:to recognize as,to see in,take for,identify as,etc.(cp.Caus.):petaṃ maṃ jānāhi “see in me a Peta” Pv.II,9<sup>12</sup> (=upadhārehi PvA.119); bhadd’itthiyā ti maṃ aññaṃsu (they knew me as=they called me) Vv 22<sup>4</sup>.<br><br> IV.Various:1.Grd.<i>ñeyya</i> as nt.=knowledge (cp.ñāṇa):yāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ (knowledge coincides with the knowable,or:his knowledge is in proportion to the k.,i.e.he knows all) Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>2m</sup>; ñāṇaṃ atikkamitvā ñeyyapatho n’atthi “beyond knowledge there is no way of knowledge” ib.; ñeyyasāgara the ocean of knowledge PvA.1.-- 2.Caus.<i>jānāpeti</i> to make known,to inform,or (with <i>attānaṃ</i>) to identify,to reveal oneself J.I,107 (att.ajānāpetvā); VI,363; Vism.92 (att.); PvA.149 (att.); DhA.II,62.(Page 282),6,1
  5119. 195581,en,15,janavati,janavati,Janavati,Janavati,(?) A.IV,172.(Page 278),8,1
  5120. 195703,en,15,janetti,janettī,Janettī,Janettī,(f.) [f.to janitṛ=genέtws=genitor,cp.genetrix.The Sk.form is janitrī.On e:i cp.petti°:pitri°] mother D.II,7 sq.; M.III,248; A.IV,276; J.I,48; II,381; IV,48.(Page 278),7,1
  5121. 195752,en,15,jangala,jaṅgala,Jaṅgala,Jaṅgala,(nt.) a rough,sandy &#38; waterless place,jungle A.V,21; J.IV,71; VvA.338.Cp.ujjaṅgala.(Page 277),7,1
  5122. 195793,en,15,jangha,jaṅghā,Jaṅghā,Jaṅghā,(f.) [Vedic jaṅghā; cp.Av.zanga,ankle; Goth.gaggan,to go; Ags.gang,walk.From <i>*gheṅgh</i> to walk; see also jaghana] the leg,usually the lower leg (from knee to ankle) D.II,17≈(S.I,16=Sn.165 (eṇi°); Sn.610; J.II,240; V,42; VI,34; ThA.212).In cpds.jaṅgha° (except in jaṅghā-vihāra).<br><br> <i>--ummagga</i> a tunnel fit for walking J.VI,428; <i>--pesanika</i> adj.going messages on foot Vin.III,185; J.II,82; Miln.370 (°iya); Vism.17.<i>--bala(ṃ)</i> (nissāya) by means of his leg (lit.by the strength of,cp.Fr.à force de); <i>--magga</i> a footpath J.II,251; V,203; VvA.194.<i>--vihāra</i> the state of walking about (like a wanderer),usually in phrase <i>°ṃ anucaṅkamati anuvicarati</i> D.I,235; M.I,108; Sn.p.105,p.115; or °ṃ carati PvA.73.-- A.I,136; J.II,272; IV,7,74; DhA.III,141.(Page 277),6,1
  5123. 195920,en,15,jangheyyaka,jaṅgheyyaka,Jaṅgheyyaka,Jaṅgheyyaka,(nt.) [see jaṅghā] lit.“belonging to the knees”; the kneepiece of a robe Vin.I,287.(Page 277),11,1
  5124. 195939,en,15,jani,jāni,Jāni,Jāni,<sup>2</sup> (f.) wife,in jānipatayo (pl.) wife &#38; husband (cp.jāyā(m)pati) A.II,59 sq.(Page 283),4,1
  5125. 195940,en,15,jani,jāni,Jāni,Jāni,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [from jahati,confused in meaning with jayati.See jahati &#38; cp.janti] deprivation,loss,confiscation of property; plundering,robbery; using force,ill-treatment D.I,135=A.I,201 (vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā); S.I,66 (hatajānisu),J.I,55 (v.l.jāti),212 (mahājānikara a great robber):IV.72 (dhana,° v.l.hāni); Dh.138 (=DhA.III,70 dhanassa jāni,v.l.hāni).(Page 283),4,1
  5126. 196089,en,15,janitta,janitta,Janitta,Janitta,(nt.) [<em>jan</em>+tra,cp.Gr.genέteira] birthplace J.II,80.(Page 278),7,1
  5127. 196138,en,15,janna,jañña,Jañña,Jañña,(adj.) [=janya,cp.jātya; see kula &#38; koleyyaka] of (good) birth,excellent,noble,charming,beautiful M.I,30 (jaññajañña,cp.p.528); J.II,417 (=manāpa sādhu).<i>a°</i> J.II,436.(Page 277),5,1
  5128. 196186,en,15,jannu,jaṇṇu,Jaṇṇu,Jaṇṇu,(ka) [cp.jānu &#38; jannu] the knee D.II,160; J.VI,332; SnA.II,230; DhA.I,80 (°ka); II,57 (id.),80; IV,204; VvA.206 (jaṇṇu-kappara).(Page 278),5,1
  5129. 196192,en,15,jannu,jannu,Jannu,Jannu,[cp.jaṇṇu(ka) &#38; jānu] the knee DhA.I,394.<i>--°ka</i> D.II,17≈(in marks of a Mahāpurisa,v.l.ṇṇ); J.IV,165; DhA.I,48.(Page 278),5,1
  5130. 196253,en,15,jantaghara,jantāghara,Jantāghara,Jantāghara,[Acc.to Abhp.214=aggisālā,a room in which a fire is kept (viz.for the purpose of a steam bath,i.e.a hot room,cp.in meaning Mhg.kemenate=Lat.caminata,Ger.stube=E.stove; Low Ger.pesel (room)= Lat.pensile (bath) etc.) Etym.uncertain.Bühler KZ 25,p.325=yantra-gṛha (oil-mill?); E.Hardy (D.Lit.Qtg.1902,p.339)=jentāka (hot dry bath),cp.Vin.Texts I.157; III,103.In all probability it is a distorted form (by dissimilation or analogy),perhaps of *jhānt-āgāra,to <i>jhā</i> to burn=Sk.kṣā,jhānti heat or heating (=Sk.kṣāti)+āgāra,which latter received the aspiration of the first part (=āghāra),both being reduced in length of vowels=jant-āghara]--1.a (hot) room for bathing purposes,a sitzbath Vin.I,47,139; II,119,220 sq.,280; III,55; M.III,126; J.II,25,144; Vism.18; Dpvs VIII,45.-- 2.living room J.I,449.(Page 278),10,1
  5131. 196281,en,15,janti,janti,Janti,Janti,at DA.I,296 in jantiyā (for D.I,135 jāniyā)=hāni,abandonment,giving up,payment,fine [prob.=jahanti,to jahāti].But see jāni.(Page 278),5,1
  5132. 196288,en,15,jantu,jantu,Jantu,Jantu,<sup>2</sup> a grass Vin.I,196.(Page 278),5,1
  5133. 196289,en,15,jantu,jantu,Jantu,Jantu,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic jantu,see janati] a creature,living being,man,person S.I,48; A.IV,227; Sn.586,773 sq.,808,1103; Nd<sup>2</sup> 249 (=satta,nara,puggala); Dh.105,176,341,395; J.I,202; II,415; V,495; Pv.II,9<sup>49</sup> (=sattanikāya,people,a crowd PvA.134).(Page 278),5,1
  5134. 196322,en,15,janu,jānu,Jānu,Jānu,(nt.) [Vedic jānu=Gr.gόnu,Lat.genu,Goth.,Ohg.,etc.kniu,E.knee] (also as jaṇṇu(ka),q.v.) the knee J.II,311; IV 41Q VI,471Q DA.I,254.<br><br> <i>--maṇḍala</i> the knee-cap,the knee A.I,67; II,21; III,241 sq.; PvA.179.(Page 283),4,1
  5135. 196333,en,15,januka,jānuka,Jānuka,Jānuka,(nt.)=jānu A.IV,102.(Page 283),6,1
  5136. 196389,en,15,jap,jap,Jap,Jap,(p)aka (adj.) whispering,see kaṇṇa.° (Page 279),3,1
  5137. 196396,en,15,japa,japa,Japa,Japa,( &#38; jappa vv.ll.) [fr.japati] 1.muttering,mumbling.recitation A.III,56=J.III,205 (+manta); Sn.328 (jappa) (=niratthaka-kathā SnA 334).-- 2.studying J.III,114 (=ajjhena).(Page 278),4,1
  5138. 196418,en,15,japana,japana,Japana,Japana,(sic.DA.I,97,otherwise <i>jappana</i>) whispering,mumbling (see japati),in <i>kaṇṇa°</i>.See also pari°.(Page 279),6,1
  5139. 196432,en,15,japati,japati,Japati,Japati,( &#38; jappati Dhtp 189,also japp 190=vacane; sound-root <em>jap</em>) to mumble,whisper,utter,recite J.IV,204; Pv.II,6<sup>1</sup> (=vippalapati PvA.94); PvA.97; ppr.jappaṃ S.I,166 (palāpaṃ); J.IV,75.See japa,japana; also pari°.(Page 279),6,1
  5140. 196442,en,15,japayati,jāpayati,Jāpayati,Jāpayati,Caus.of jayati.(Page 283),8,1
  5141. 196495,en,15,jappa,jappā,Jappā,Jappā,(f.) [to jappati] desire,lust,greed,attachment,hunger (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> on taṇhā) S.I,123 (bhava-lobha°); Sn.1033; Nd<sup>2</sup> 250; Nett 12; Dhs.279,1059.(Page 279),5,1
  5142. 196512,en,15,jappana,jappanā,Jappanā,Jappanā,=jappā Sn.945; Dhs.1059≈.Cp.pa°.(Page 279),7,1
  5143. 196534,en,15,jappati,jappati,Jappati,Jappati,[not,as customary,to <em>jalp</em>,Sk.jalpati (=japati),but in the meaning of desire,etc.,for cappati to <i>capp</i>,as in cappeti=Sk,carvayati to chew,suck,be hungry (q.v.) cp.also calaka] to hunger for,to desire,yearn,long for,(c.Acc.) Sn.771 (kāme),839 (bhavaṃ),899,902; Nd<sup>2</sup> 79 (=pajappati),-- pp.<i>jappita</i> Sn.902.See also jappā,jappanā,etc.,also abhijjappati &#38; pa°.(Page 279),7,1
  5144. 196577,en,15,jara,jara,Jara,Jara,(adj.) (°-) [See jarati] old,decayed (in disparaging sense),wretched,miserable; <i>--ûdapānaṃ</i> a spoilt well J.IV,387; <i>--gava</i>=°goṇa Pv.I,81; <i>--goṇa</i> [cp.Sk.jaradgava] a decrepit,old bull J.II,135; <i>--sakka</i> “the old S.” J.IV,389; <i>--sālā</i> a tumble-down shed PvA.78.(Page 279),4,1
  5145. 196592,en,15,jara,jarā,Jarā,Jarā,(f.) &#38; (older) <i>jaras</i> (nt.) [of the latter only the Instr.jarasā in use:Sn.804,1123 (=jarāya Nd<sup>2</sup> 249).-- Sk.jarā &#38; jaraḥ to <i>*gerā:</i> see jarati; cp.Gr.gh_ras,gέras,grau_s old age,etc.See also jīraṇa(tā)] decay,decrepitude,old age Vin.I,10,34; A.I,51,138 (as Death’s messenger); V,144 sq.(bhabbo jaraṃ pahātuṃ); Sn.311 (cp.D.III,75); J.I,59; Th.2,252 sq.; Vism.502 (def.as twofold &#38; discussed in its valuation as dukkha).Defined as “yā tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko” D.II,305=M.I,49= S.II,2=Nd<sup>2</sup> 252=Dhs.644,cp.Dhs.trsl.p.195.-- Frequently comb<sup>d</sup> with maraṇa (maccu,etc.) “decay &#38; death” (see under jāti as to formulas):°maraṇa,D.II,31 sq.; M.I,49; Sn.575; °maccu Sn.581,1092,1094.<i>ajarāmara</i> not subject to decay &#38; death (cp.ajajjara) Th.II,512; Pv.II,6<sup>11</sup>; Vv 63<sup>11</sup>; J.III,515.<br><br> <i>--ghara</i> the house of age (adj.) like a decayed house Th.2,270 (=jiṇṇagharasadisa ThA.213).<i>--jajjara</i> feeble with age J.I,59; <i>--jiṇṇa</i> decrepit with age PvA.148; <i>--dhamma</i> subject to growing old A.I,138,145; II,172,247; III,54 sq.,71 sq.; <i>--patta</i> old J.III,394; IV,403; <i>--bhaya</i> fear of old age A.I,179; II,121; <i>--vata</i> the wind of age DhA.IV,25.<i>--sutta</i> the Suttanta on old age,N.of Sutta Nipāta IV.6 (p.157 sq.; beginning with “appaṃ vata jīvitaṃ idaṃ”),quoted at DhA.III,320.(Page 279),4,1
  5146. 196604,en,15,jara,jāra,Jāra,Jāra,[Vedic jāra] a paramour,adulterer J.I,293; II,309.f.°t adulteress Vin.II,259,268; III,83.(Page 283),4,1
  5147. 196932,en,15,jarata,jaratā,Jaratā,Jaratā,(f.) [see jarati] old age Dhs.644≈ (rūpassa j.decay of form); Vism.449.(Page 279),6,1
  5148. 196942,en,15,jarati,jarati,Jarati,Jarati,[Vedic jarati &#38; jīryati,<i>*gerā</i> to crush,to pound,overcome (cp.jayati); as intrs.to become brittle,to be consumed,to decay,cp.Lat.granum,Goth kaúrn,E.etc.corn] to suffer destruction or decay,to become old,in two roots,viz.1.<em>jar</em> [jarati] in Caus.<i>jarayati</i> to destroy,to bring to ruin J.V,501=VI,375.-- 2.<i>jīr</i> [Sk.jīryati] see jīyati,jīrati,jīrayati,jīrāpeti.-- pp.jiṇṇa.-- Cp.also jara,jarā,jajjara,jīraṇatā.(Page 279),6,1
  5149. 197043,en,15,jata,jaṭa,Jaṭa,Jaṭa,a handle,only in <i>vāsi°</i> (h.of an adze) Vin.IV,168; S.III,154=A.IV,127.(Page 277),4,1
  5150. 197053,en,15,jata,jaṭā,Jaṭā,Jaṭā,(f.) [B.Sk.jatā] tangle,braid,plaiting,esp.(a) the matted hair as worn by ascetics (see jatila) Sn.249; Dh.241,393; J.I,12 (ajina+); II,272.-- (b) the tangled branches of trees J.I,64.-- (c) (fig.) (the tangle of) desire,lust S.I,13=165.<br><br> <i>--aṇḍuva</i> (=°andu?) a chain of braided hair,a matted topknot S.I,117; <i>--âjina</i> braided hair &#38; an antelope’s hide (worn by ascetics) Sn.1010 (°dhara),cp.above J.I,12; <i>--dharaṇa</i> the wearing of matted hair M.I,282.(Page 277),4,1
  5151. 197066,en,15,jata,jāta,Jāta,Jāta,[pp.of janati (janeti),cp.Lat.(g)nātus,Goth.kunds; also Gr.(kasi/--) gnhtόs,Ohg.knabo] 1.As adj.-noun:(a) born,grown,arisen,produced (=nibbatta pātubhūta Nd<sup>2</sup> 256) Sn.576 (jātānaṃ maccānaṃ niccaṃ maraṇato bhayaṃ); jātena maccena kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahuṃ Dh.53=Miln.333; yakkhinī jātâsi (born a G.) J.VI,337; rukkho j.J.I,222; latā jātā Dh.340; gāmanissandhena jātāni sūpeyya-paṇṇāni Vism.250.-- (n.) he who or that which is born:jātassa maraṇaṃ hoti Sn.742; jātassa jarā paññāyissati J.I,59; jātaṃ+bhūtaṃ (opp.ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ) It.37.-- (b) “genuine,” i.e.natural,true,good,sound (cp.kata,bhūta,taccha &#38; opp.ajāta like akata,abhūta):see cpds.-- 2.As predicate,often in sense of a finite verb (cp.gata):born,grown (or was born,grew); become; occurred,happened Sn.683 (Bodhisatto hitasukhatāya jāto); bhayaṃ jātaṃ (arose) Sn.207; vivādā jātā Sn.828; ekadivase j.(were born on the same day) J.III,391; aphāsukaṃ jātaṃ (has occurred J.I,291.-- So in Loc.abs.<i>jāte</i> (jātamhi) “when ...has arisen,when there is ...,” e.g.atthamhi Vin.I,350=M.III,154=Dh.331; vādamhi Sn.832; oghe Sn.1092; kahāpaṇesu jātesu J.I,121.-- 3.<i>°jāta</i> (nt.) characteristic; pada° pedal character S.I,86; aṅga° the sexual organ Vin.I,191; as adj.having become ...(=bhūta); being like or behaving as,of the kind of ...,sometimes to be rendered by an adj.or a pp.implied in the noun:cuṇṇakajātāni aṭṭhikāni (=cuṇṇayitāni) M.III,92; jālakajāta in bud A.IV,117; chandajāta=chandika Sn.767; sujāta Sn.548 (well-born,i.e.auspicious,blessed,happy); pītisomanassa° joyful &#38; glad Sn.p.94; J.I,60,etc.; gandhajāta a kind of perfume (see gandha).Often untranslatable:lābhappatto jāto J.III,126; vināsa-ppaccayo jāto J.I,256.-- 4.a Jātaka or Buddhist birth story DhA.I,34.<br><br> <i>--āmaṇḍa</i> the (wild) castor oil plant VvA.10; <i>--ovaraka</i> the inner chamber where he was born VvA.158; J.I,391 (so read for jāto varake).<i>--kamma</i> the (soothsaying) ceremony connected w.birth,in °ṃ karoti to set the horoscope PvA.198 (=nakkhatta-yogaṃ uggaṇhāti); <i>--divasa</i> the day of birth,birthday J.III,391; IV,38; <i>--maṅgala</i> birth festival,i.e.the feast held on the birth of a child DhA.II,86; <i>--rūpa</i> “sterling,” pure metal,i.e.gold (in its natural state,before worked,cp.jambonada).In its relation to suvaṇṇa (worked gold) it is stated to be suvaṇṇavaṇṇo (i.e.the brightcoloured metal:VvA.9; DhA.IV,32:suvaṇṇo jātarūpo); at DA.I,78 it is expl<sup>d</sup> by suvaṇṇa only &#38; at Vin.III,238 it is said to be the colour of the Buddha:j.Satthu-vaṇṇa.At A.I,253 it is represented as the material for the suvaṇṇakāra (the “white”--smith as opp.to “black”--smith).-- Comb<sup>d</sup> w.hirañña Pv.II,7<sup>5</sup>; very freq.w.rajata (silver),in the prohibition of accepting gold &#38; silver (D.I,5)≈ as well as in other connections,e.g.Vin.I,245; II,294 sq.; S.I,71,95; IV,326 (the moral dangers of “money”:yassa jātarūpa-rajataṃ kappati pañca pi tassa kāmaguṇā kappanti); V,353,407; Dhs.617.-- Other passages illustr.the use &#38; valuation of j.are S.II,234 (°paripūra); V,92 (upakkilesā); A.I,210 (id.); III,16 (id.); -- S.I,93,117; M.I,38; A.I,215; III,38; IV,199,281; V,290; J.II,296; IV,102; <i>--veda</i> [cp.Vedic jātaveda=Agni] fire S.I,168; Sn.462 (kaṭṭhā jāyati j.) Ud.93; J.I,214; II,326= IV.471; V,326; VI,204,578; Vism.171; DA.I,226; DhA.I,44 (nirindhana,without fuel); <i>--ssara</i> a natural pond or lake Vin.I,111; J.I,470; II,57.(Page 280),4,1
  5152. 197188,en,15,jataka,jātaka,Jātaka,Jātaka,<sup>2</sup> (m.) [jāta+ka,belonging to what has been born] a son J.I,239; IV,138.(Page 281),6,1
  5153. 197189,en,15,jataka,jātaka,Jātaka,Jātaka,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [jāta+ka,belonging to,connected with what has happened] 1.a birth story as found in the earlier books.This is always the story of a previous birth of the Buddha as a wise man of old.In this sense it occurs as the name of one of the 9 categories or varieties of literary composition (M.I,133; A.II,7,103,108; Vin.III,8; Pug.43.See <i>navaṅga</i>).-2.the story of any previous birth of the Buddha,esp.as an animal.In this sense the word is not found in the 4 Nikāyas,but it occurs on the Bharhut Tope (say,end of 3rd cent.B.C.),and is frequent in the Jātaka book.‹-› 3.the name of a book in the Pāli canon,containing the verses of 547 such stories.The text of this book has not yet been edited.See Rh.Davids’Buddhist India,189--209,and Buddh.Birth Stories,introd.,for history of the Jātaka literature.-- jātakaṃ <i>niṭṭhapeti</i> to wind up a Jātaka tale J.VI,363; jātakaṃ <i>samodhāneti</i> to apply a Jātaka to the incident J.I,106; DhA.I,82.‹-› Note.The form <i>jāta</i> in the sense of jātaka occurs at DhA.I,34.<br><br> <i>--atthavaṇṇanā</i> the commentary on the Jātaka book,ed.by V.Fausböll,6 vols.with Index vol.by D.Andersen,London,1877 sq.; <i>--bhāṇaka</i> a repeater of the J.book Miln.341.(Page 281),6,1
  5154. 197514,en,15,jatatta,jātatta,Jātatta,Jātatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.jāta] the fact of being born or of having grown or arisen Vism.250; DhA.I,241.(Page 281),7,1
  5155. 197566,en,15,jathara,jaṭhara,Jaṭhara,Jaṭhara,(m.nt.) [Vedic jaṭhara,to <i>*gelt=*gelbh</i> (see gabbha),cp.Goth.kilpei uterus,Ags.cild=E.child] the belly Miln.175.(Page 278),7,1
  5156. 197591,en,15,jati,jāti,Jāti,Jāti,(f.) [see janati &#38; cp.Gr.geneά,gέnesis; Lat.gens; Goth.kind-ins].-- Instr.jātiyā (Sn.423) &#38; jaccā (D.II,8; J.III,395; Dh.393); Abl.jātiyā (S.I,88) &#38; jātito (by descent:D.II,8); Loc.jātiyaṃ (PvA.10) &#38; jātiyā (PvA.78).-- 1.birth,rebirth,possibility of rebirth,“future life” as disposition to be born again,“former life” as cause of this life.Defined (cp.the corresp.expl<sup>n</sup> of jarā) as:yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattanaṃ tamhi tamhi satta-nikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyataṇānaṃ paṭilābho D.II,305 =S.II,3=Nd<sup>2</sup> 257.-- Jāti is a condition precedent of age,sickness &#38; death,and is fraught with sorrow,pain &#38; disappointment.It is itself the final outcome of a kamma,resting on avijjā,performed in anterior births; &#38; forms thus the concluding link in the chain of the Paṭicca-samuppāda.Under the first aspect it is enum<sup>d</sup> in various formulæ,either in full or abbreviated (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 258),viz,(a) as (1) jāti,(2) jarā,(3) vyādhi,(4) maraṇa,(5) sokaparidevadukkhadomanass’upāyāsa in the dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ (the noble truth of what is misfortune) Vin.I,10; A.I,176; III,416; °dhamma destined to be born,etc.M.I,161 sq.,173; -- A.V,216; Nd<sup>2</sup> 258,304,630,etc.,in var.connections (referring to some dukkha).-- (b) as Nos.1--4:Nd<sup>2</sup> 254,494<sup>b</sup>; J.I,168,etc.-- (c) as Nos.1,2,4 (the standard quotation,implying the whole series 1--5):S.V,224; A.V,144; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ Vin.I,1; D.II,31,57,etc.; °ika A.II,11,173; °īya M.I,280; Nd<sup>2</sup> 40.-- (d) to this is sometimes added (as summing up) saṃsāra:Nd<sup>2</sup> 282<sup>f</sup>; cp.kicchaṃ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca uppajjati ca D.II,30.-- (e) as Nos.1+4:pahīna-jātimaraṇa (adj.) (=free from life &#38; death,i.e.saṃsāra) A.I,162; °bhayassa pāraga A.II,15; °kovida Sn.484; atāri °ṃ asesaṃ Sn.355 (cp.500); °assa pāraga Sn.32.-- (f)=e+saṃsāra (cp.d):sattā gacchanti saṃsāraṃ jātimaraṇagāmino A.II,12=52; jātimaraṇasaṃsāraṃ ye vajanti punappunaṃ ...avijjāy’eva sā gati Sn.729.-- (g) as Nos.1+2,which implies the whole series:atāri so jātijaraṃ A.I,133= Sn.1048; jātijar’upaga Sn.725=It.106; saṃyojanaṃ jātijarāya chetvā It.42; -- Sn.1052,1060; Dh.238,348; cp.jāti ādinā nihīna PvA.198.-- Other phrases &#38; applications:Various rebirths are seen by one who has perfect insight into all happening &#38; remembers his former existences (D.I,81; III,50; A.I,164; M.II,20).Arahantship implies the impossibility of a future rebirth:see formula khīṇā jāti (M.I,139; Sn.p.16,etc.) and arahant II.A:jātiyā parimuccati S.I,88; jātiṃ bhabbo pahātuṃ A.V,144 sq.-- antimā jāti the last rebirth D.II,15 (cp.carima); purimā j.a former existence PvA.1; atītajātiyaṃ in a former life (=pure) PvA.10.On jāti as dukkha see Vism.498--501.‹-› 2.descent,race,rank,genealogy (cp.fuή,genus),often comb<sup>d</sup> w.gotta.Two grades of descent are enum<sup>d</sup> at Vin.IV,6 as <i>hīnā jāti</i> (low birth),consisting of Candāḷa,Veṇa,Nesāda,Rathakāra &#38; Pukkusa; and <i>ukkaṭṭhā</i> j.(superior birth),comprising Khattiyas &#38; Brāhmaṇas.-- The var.meanings of jāti are given by Bdhgh at Vism.498,499 in the foll.classification (with examples) bhava,nikāya,saṅkhata-lakkhaṇa,paṭisandhi,pasūti,kula,ariya-sīla.-- Kiṃ hi jāti karissati? What difference makes his parentage? D.I,121; jāti-rājāno kings of birth,genuine kings J.I,338; na naṃ jāti nivāresi brahmalok’ûpapattiyā Sn.139; jātiṃ akkhāhi tell me the rank of his father &#38; mother Sn.421,1004; cp.462; na jaccā vasalo hoti Sn.136; 142; id.w.brāhmaṇo Sn.650; with nāma &#38; gotta in the description of a man jātiyā nāmena gottena,etc.Vin.IV,6; jātito nāmato gottato by descent,personal &#38; family name D ii.8; cp.jāti - gotta - kula J ii.3.See also j.-- vāda.-- 3.a sort of,kind of (cp.jāta 3):catujātigandha four kinds of scent J.I,265; II,291.‹-› 4.(jāti°) by (mere) birth or nature,natural (opp.artificial); or genuine,pure,excellent (opp.adulterated,inferior),cp.jāta 1 (b):in cpds.,like °maṇi,°vīṇā,etc.<br><br> <i>--kkhaya</i> the destruction of the chance of being reborn S.V,168; A.I,167; Sn.209,517,743; Dh.423.<i>--khetta</i> the realm of rebirth PvA.138 (=dasa cakkavāḷasahassāni); <i>--thaddha</i> conceited,proud of birth Sn.104 (+dhanatthaddha,gotta°:proud of wealth &#38; name); <i>--thera</i> a Th.by rank D.III,218; <i>--nirodha</i> the extermination of (the cause of) rebirth Vin.I,1≈; <i>--pabhava</i> the origin or root of existence Sn.728; <i>--puppha</i> nutmeg J.VI,367; <i>--bhaya</i> the fear of rebirth A.II,121; <i>--bhūmi</i> natural ground,in °bhūmaka,°bhūmika,°bhūmiya living on nat.gr.(vassaṃ vasati) M.I,145; A.III,366; <i>--maṇi</i> a genuine precious stone J.II,417; <i>--maya</i> constituting birth,being like birth ThA.285; <i>--vāda</i> reputation of birth,character of descent,parentage.The 1st of the 5 characteristics constituting a “well-bred” brahmin:yāva sattamā pitāmahāyugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena “of unblemished parentage back to the 7th generation” D.I,120,etc.(=DA.I,281); A.I,166; III,152,223; Sn.315,596.Cp.gotta-vāda (e.g.D.I,99); <i>--vibhaṅga</i> a characteristic of birth,a distinction in descent Sn.600; <i>--vīṇā</i> a first-class lute J.II,249; <i>--sampanna</i> endowed with (pure) birth (in phrase khattiyo muddhâvasitto j.°) A.III,152; <i>--sambhava</i> the origin of birth A.I,142; III,311; J.I,168; <i>--sambheda</i> difference of rank DhA.I,166; <i>--saṃsāra</i> the cycle of transmigration,the saṃsāra of rebirths (see above 1 d.f.):pahīna left behind,overcome (by an Arahant) M.I,139; A.III,84,86; °ṃ khepetvā id.Th.2,168; vitiṇṇo j.° n’atthi tassa punabbhavo Sn.746; <i>--sindhava</i> a well-bred horse J.II,97; <i>--ssara</i> the remembrance of (former) births (°ñāṇa) J.I,167; IV,29; DhA.II,27; IV,51; cp.cutûpapāta-ñāṇa); <i>--hiṅgulaka</i> ( &#38; hingulikā) natural vermilion J.V,67; VvA.4,168,324.(Page 281),4,1
  5157. 197929,en,15,jatika,jātika,Jātika,Jātika,(-°) (adj.) 1.being like,being of,having,etc.(see jāta 3):duppañña° &#38; sappañña° M.I,225; dabba° A.I,254; mukhara° Sn.275; viññū° Sn.294; māna° J.I,88.-- 2.descended from,being of rank,belonging to the class of:maṇḍana° M.II,19; aviheṭhaka° Miln.219; samāna° (of equal rank) DhA.I,390; veṇa° (belonging to the bamboo-workers) PvA.175.(Page 282),6,1
  5158. 198021,en,15,jatila,jaṭila,Jaṭila,Jaṭila,[BSk.jaṭila] one who wears a jaṭā,i.e.a braid of hair,or who has his hair matted,an ascetic.Enum<sup>d</sup> amongst other “religious” as ājīvikā nigaṇṭhā j.paribbājakā Nd<sup>2</sup> 308; ājīvikā nig° j.tāpasā Nd<sup>2</sup> 149,513; -- Vin.I,24=IV.108; I,38 (purāṇa° who had previously been j.)=VvA.13=PvA.22; S.I,78; Sn.p.103,104 (Keṇiya j.); J.I,15; II,382; Ud.6; Dpvs.I,38.(Page 277),6,1
  5159. 198038,en,15,jatilaka,jaṭilaka,Jaṭilaka,Jaṭilaka,=jaṭila M.I,282; A.III,276; Miln.202; Vism.382.(Page 278),8,1
  5160. 198119,en,15,jatimant,jātimant,Jātimant,Jātimant,(adj.) [jāti+mant] of good birth,having natural or genuine qualities,noble,excellent Sn.420 (vaṇṇārohena sampanno jātimā viya khattiyo); J.I,342 (jātimanta-kulaputtā).Of a precious stone:maṇi veḷuriyo subho j.° D.I,76=M.II,17; DA.I,221; Miln.215.Sometimes in this spelling for <i>jutimant</i> Sn.1136= Nd<sup>2</sup> 259 (expl<sup>d</sup> by paṇḍita paññavā).-- <i>ajātima</i> not of good birth J.VI,356 (opp.sujātimant ibid.).(Page 282),8,1
  5161. 198187,en,15,jatin,jaṭin,Jaṭin,Jaṭin,one who wears a jaṭā,an ascetic Sn.689; f.<i>--inī</i> J.VI,555.(Page 277),5,1
  5162. 198483,en,15,jatita,jaṭita,Jaṭita,Jaṭita,[pp.of <em>jaṭ</em>,to which also jaṭā; Dhtp 95:saṅghāte] entangled S.I,13; Miln.102,390; Vism.1 (etym.).(Page 277),6,1
  5163. 198597,en,15,jattu,jattu,Jattu,Jattu,(nt.) [Vedic jatru] the collar-bone DhA.II,55 (gloss:aṃsakūṭa); Dāvs.IV,49.(Page 278),5,1
  5164. 198611,en,15,jatu,jatu,Jatu,Jatu,[Sk.jatu; cp.Lat.bitumen pitch; Ags.cwidu.resin,Ohg.quiti glue] lac.As medicine Vin.I,201.<i>°maṭṭhaka</i> a decking with lac.used by women to prevent conception Vin.IV,261; consisting of either jatu,kaṭṭha (wood),piṭṭha (flour),or mattikā (clay).(Page 278),4,1
  5165. 198622,en,15,jatu,jātu,Jātu,Jātu,(indeel.) [Vedic jātu,particle of affirmation.Perhaps for jānātu one would know,cp.Gr.oi)μai,Lat.credo,P.maññe.But BR.and Fausböll make it a contraction of jāyatu “it might happen.” Neither of these derivations is satisfactory] surely,undoubtedly (ekaṃsavacanaṃ SnA 348) usually in negative ( &#38; interrog.) sentences as na jātu,not at all,never (cp.also sādhu); mā jātu Vin.II,203; Sn.152,348 (no ce hi jātu); J.I,293,374; IV,261; V,503.Na jātucca at J.VI,60 is apparently for na jātu ca.(Page 282),4,1
  5166. 198692,en,15,java,java,Java,Java,[Sk.java,to javati] 1.(n.) speed S.II,266; V,227; M.I,446; A.II,113; III,248; Sn.221; J.II,290; IV,2.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>thāma</i>,in phrase thāmajavasampanna endowed with strength &#38; swiftness J.I,62; VvA.104; PvA.4; Miln.4.-- <i>javena</i> (Instr.) speedily J.II,377.-- 2.(adj.) swift,quick J.III,25; VI,244 (mano°,as quick as thought); Vv 16 (=vegavanto VvA.78); VvA.6 (sīgha°).<br><br> <i>--cchinna</i> without alacrity,slow,stupid (opp.sīghajava) DhA.I,262; <i>--sampanna</i> full of swiftness,nimbleness,or alacrity A.I,244 sq.; II,250 sq.(Page 280),4,1
  5167. 198731,en,15,javana,javana,Javana,Javana,(nt.) 1.alacrity,readiness; impulse,shock Ps.I,80 sq.; Vism.22; DhsA.265 (cp.Dhs.trsl.pp.132,156); DA.I,194.Usually in cpd.javana-pañña (adj.) of alert intellection,of swift understanding,together with hāsa-pañña (hāsu° at M.III,25; J.IV,136) &#38; puthu° tikkha° S.V,376,377; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235,3<sup>a</sup>.Also in cpds.°paññā Ps.II,185 sq.; °paññatā A.I,45; °paññattaṃ S.V,413.‹-› 2.The twelfth stage in the function (kicca) of an act of perception (or vīthicitta):the stage of full perception,or apperception.Vism.ch.xiv.(e.g.p.459); Abhdhs.pt.iii,§ 6 (kiccaṃ); Comp.pp.29,115,245.In this connection javana is taken in its equally fundamental sense of “going” (not “swiftness”),and the “going” is understood as intellectual movement.(Page 280),6,1
  5168. 198769,en,15,javanaka,javanaka,Javanaka,Javanaka,=java 2 (adj.) VvA.78.(Page 280),8,1
  5169. 198929,en,15,javati,javati,Javati,Javati,Vedic ju javate intr.to hurry,junāti trs.to incite,urge:to run,hurry,hasten S.I,33; J.IV,213; Dāvs.V,24; DhsA.265,pp.jūta.(Page 280),6,1
  5170. 198974,en,15,jaya,jaya,Jaya,Jaya,[see jayati] vanquishing,overcoming,victory D.I,10; Sn.681; J.II,406; opp.parājaya Vism.401.<br><br> <i>--ggaha</i> the lucky die J.IV,322 (=kaṭaggaha,q.v.); <i>--parājaya</i> victory &#38; defeat Dh.201; <i>--pāna</i> the drink of victory,carousing,wassail; °ṃ pivati DhA.I,193; <i>--sumana</i> “victory’s joy,” N.of a plant (cp.jātisumana) Vism.174; DhA.I,17,383.(Page 279),4,1
  5171. 198981,en,15,jaya,jayā,Jayā,Jayā,f.[Vedic jāyā] wife only in cpd.<i>jayampatikā</i>,the lady of the house and her husband,the two heads of the household.That the wife should be put first might seem suggestive of the matriarchate,but the expression means just simply “the pair of them,” and the context has never anything to do with the matriarchate.‹-› husband &#38; wife,a married couple S.II,98; J.I,347; IV,70,of birds.See also jāyampatikā.(Page 279),4,1
  5172. 198991,en,15,jaya,jāyā,Jāyā,Jāyā,(f.) [from <i>jan</i>] wife Vin.II,259=264; J.IV,285.<br><br> <i>--patī</i> (pl.) husband &#38; wife PvA.159; Dāvs.V,2.(Page 283),4,1
  5173. 199116,en,15,jayampatika,jāyampatikā,Jāyampatikā,Jāyampatikā,(pl.) [see jayampatikā &#38; cp.jāyāpatī] wife &#38; husband VvA.286.(Page 283),11,1
  5174. 199272,en,15,jayati,jayati,Jayati,Jayati,(jeti,jināti) [Sk.jayati,<i>ji</i> to have power,to conquer,cp.jaya=bi/a; trans.of which the intrans.is jināti to lose power,to become old (see jīrati)] to conquer,surpass; to pillage,rob,to overpower,to defeat.-- Pres.[jayati] <i>jeti</i> J.II,3; <i>jināti</i> Sn.439; Dh.354; J.I,289; IV,71.-- Pot.jeyya Com.on Dh.103; jine Dh.103=J.II,4=VvA.69; 3rd pl.jineyyuṃ S.I,221 (opp.parājeyyuṃ).-- Ppr.jayaṃ Dh.201.-- Fut.<i>jessati</i> Vv 33<sup>2</sup>; jayissati ib.; jinissati J.II,183.-- Aor.<i>jini</i> J.I,313; II,404; ajini Dh.3; pl.jiniṃsu S.I,221 (opp.parājiṃsu),224 (opp.parājiṃsu,with v.l.°jiniṃsu); A.IV,432 (opp.°jiyiṃsu,with v.l.°jiniṃsu).Also aor.<i>ajesi</i> DhA.I,44 (=ajini).-- Proh.(mā) jīyi J.IV,107.-- Ger.<i>jetvā</i> Sn.439; jetvāna It.76.-- Inf.<i>jinituṃ</i> J.VI,193; VvA.69.-- Grd.jeyya Sn.288 (a°); jinitabba VvA.69 (v.l.jetabba).-- Pass.<i>jīyati</i> (see parā°),jīyati is also Pass.to jarati -- Caus.1.<i>jayāpeti</i> to wish victory to,to hail (as a respectful greeting to a king) J.II,213,369,375; IV,403.-- 2.<i>jāpayati</i> to cause to rob,to incite,to plunder M.I,231; It.22=J.IV,71 (v.l.hāpayati)= Miln.402; J.VI,108 (to annul); Miln.227.-- Des.<i>jigiṃsati</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>jina </i>&<i> jita</i> (q.v.).(Page 279),6,1
  5175. 199285,en,15,jayati,jāyati,Jāyati,Jāyati,(jāyate) [from <i>jan</i>,see janati] to be born,to be produced,to arise,to be reborn.Pres.3rd pl.jāyare J.III,459; IV,53; Miln.337; ppr,jāyanto Sn.208; aor.jāyi J.III,391; inf.jātum J.I,374.-- <i>jāyati</i> (loko),<i>jīyati</i>,<i> miyati</i> one is born,gets old,dies D.II,30; Vism.235.Kaṭṭhā jāyati jātavedo out of fire-wood is born the fire Sn.462.-- Vin.II,95=305; Sn.114,296,657; Dh.58,193,212,282; Pv III,1<sup>14</sup> (are reborn as).Cp.vi°.(Page 283),6,1
  5176. 199334,en,15,jayika,jāyikā,Jāyikā,Jāyikā,f.(cp.jāyā) wife M.I,451.(Page 283),6,1
  5177. 199370,en,15,je,je,Je,Je,(part.) exclamation:oh! ah! now then! Vin.I,232,292 (gaccha je); M.I,126; VvA.187,207; DhA.IV,105.(Page 285),2,1
  5178. 199383,en,15,jeguccha,jeguccha,Jeguccha,Jeguccha,(adj.) &#38; jegucchiya (J.II,437) [sec.der.fr.jigucchā] contemptible,loathsome,detestable J.IV,305; Vism.250; Th.1,1056; PvA.78,192 (asuci+).Cp.pari°.-- a° not despised Sn.852; Th.1,961.(Page 285),8,1
  5179. 199415,en,15,jegucchin,jegucchin,Jegucchin,Jegucchin,(adj.) one who detests or avoids (usually --°) M.I,77; (parama°),78 A.IV,174,182 sq.,188 sq.,Miln.352 (pāpa°).(Page 285),9,1
  5180. 199421,en,15,jegucchita,jegucchitā,Jegucchitā,Jegucchitā,(f.) [see jigucchita] avoidance,detestation,disgust Vin.I,234; M.I,30; A.IV,182 sq.(Page 285),10,1
  5181. 199558,en,15,jeti,jeti,Jeti,Jeti,see jayati.(Page 285),4,1
  5182. 199570,en,15,jettha,jeṭṭha,Jeṭṭha,Jeṭṭha,(adj.) [compar.-superl.formation of jyā power.Gr.bi/a,from <i>ji</i> in jināti &#38; jayati “stronger than others,” used as superl.( &#38; compar.) to vuḍḍha old-elder,eldest.The compar.*jeyya is a grammarian’s construction,see remarks on kaniṭṭha] better (than others),best,first,supreme; first-born; elder brother or sister,elder,eldest D.II,15 (aggo jeṭṭho seṭṭho=the first,foremost &#38; best of all); A.I,108; II,87; III,152; IV,175; J.I,138 (°putta); II,101 (°bhātā),128 (°yakkhinī); IV,137.<br><br> <i>--apacāyin</i>,in phrase kule-j.-apacāyin paying due respect to the clan-elders D.III,72,74; S.V,468; Vism.415; DhA.I,265.Same for °apacāyikā (f.) honour to ...Nd<sup>2</sup> 294, &#38; <i>°apacāyitar</i> D.III,70,71,145,169.<i>--māsa</i> N.of a month SnA 359.(Page 285),6,1
  5183. 199625,en,15,jetthaka,jeṭṭhaka,Jeṭṭhaka,Jeṭṭhaka,=jeṭṭha J.I,253; II,101 (°tāpasa); III,281 (°kam māra:head of the silversmith’s guild); IV,137,161; V,282; Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup> (putta=pubbaja PvA.57); DhA.III,237 (°sīla); IV,111 (id.); PvA.36 (°bhariyā),42 (°pesakāra head of the weaver’s guild),47 (°vāṇija),75.(Page 285),8,1
  5184. 199942,en,15,jevaniya,jevanīya,Jevanīya,Jevanīya,(nt.) a kind of (missile) weapon A.IV,107=110 (comb<sup>d</sup> with āvudha &#38; salāka; vv.ll.vedhanika,jeganika,jevanika).(Page 285),8,1
  5185. 199978,en,15,jhama,jhāma,Jhāma,Jhāma,(adj.-n.) [jhāyati<sup>2</sup>] burning,on fire,conflagration,in <i>°khetta</i> charcoal-burner’s field J.I,238; II,92; <i>°aṅgāra</i> a burning cinder PvA.90.By itself:J.I,405; DhA.II,67.(Page 287),5,1
  5186. 199984,en,15,jhamaka,jhāmaka,Jhāmaka,Jhāmaka,N.of a plant J.VI,537; also in <i>°bhatta</i> (?) J.II,288.(Page 287),7,1
  5187. 200004,en,15,jhana,jhāna,Jhāna,Jhāna,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [from jhāyati<sup>2</sup>] conflagration,fire D.III,94; J.I,347.(Page 286),5,1
  5188. 200005,en,15,jhana,jhāna,Jhāna,Jhāna,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [from jhāyati,<sup>1</sup> BSk.dhyāna.The (popular etym-) expl<sup>n</sup> of jhāna is given by Bdhgh at Vism.150 as follows:“ārammaṇ’ûpanijjhānato paccanīka-jhāpanato vā jhānaṃ,” i.e.called jh.from meditation on objects &#38; from burning up anything adverse] literally meditation.But it never means vaguely meditation.It is the technical term for a special religious experience,reached in a certain order of mental states.It was originally divided into four such states.These may be summarized:1.The mystic,with his mind free from sensuous and worldly ideas,concentrates his thoughts on some special subject (for instance,the impermanence of all things).This he thinks out by attention to the facts,and by reasoning.2.Then uplifted above attention &#38; reasoning,he experiences joy &#38; ease both of body and mind.3.Then the bliss passes away, &#38; he becomes suffused with a sense of ease,and 4.he becomes aware of pure lucidity of mind &#38; equanimity of heart.The whole really forms one series of mental states, &#38; the stages might have been fixed at other points in the series.So the Dhamma-saṅgani makes a second list of five stages,by calling,in the second jhāna,the fading away of observation one stage, &#38; the giving up of sustained thinking another stage (Dhs.167--175).And the Vibhaṅga calls the first jhāna the <i>pañcaṅgika-jhāna</i> because it,by itself,can be divided into five parts (Vbh.267).The state of mind left after the experience of the four jhānas is described as follows at D.I,76:“with his heart thus serene,made pure,translucent,cultured,void of evil,supple,ready to act,firm and imperturbable.” It will be seen that there is no suggestion of trance,but rather of an enhanced vitality.In the descriptions of the crises in the religious experiences of Christian saints and mystics,expressions similar to those used in the jhānas are frequent (see F.Heiler Die Buddhistische Versenkung,1918).Laymen could pass through the four jhānas (S.IV,301).The jhānas are only a means,not the end.To imagine that experiencing them was equivalent to Arahantship (and was therefore the end aimed at) is condemned (D.I,37 ff.) as a deadly heresy.In late Pali we find the phrase <i>arūpajjhānā</i>.This is merely a new name for the last four of the eight <i>Vimokkhā</i>,which culminate in trance.It was because they made this the aim of their teaching that Gotama rejected the doctrines of his two teachers.Āḷāra-Kāḷāma &#38; Uddaka-Rāmaputta (M.I,164 f.).-- The jhānas are discussed in extenso &#38; in various combinations as regards theory &#38; practice at:D.I,34 sq.; 73 sq.; S.II,210 sq.; IV,217 sq.,263 sq.; V,213 sq.; M.I,276 sq.,350 sq.,454 sq.; A.I,53,163; II,126; III,394 sq.; IV,409 sq.; V,157 sq.; Vin.III,4; Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.1119 &#38; s.v.; Ps.I,97 sq.; II,169 sq.; Vbh.257 sq.; 263 sq.; 279 sq.; Vism.88,415.-They are frequently mentioned either as a set,or singly,when often the set is implied (as in the case of the 4th jh.).Mentioned as jh.1--4 e.g.at Vin.I,104; II,161 (foll.by sotāpanna,etc.); D.II,156,186; III,78,131,222; S.II,278 (nikāmalābhin); A.II,36 (id.); III,354; S.IV,299; V,307 sq.; M.I,21,41,159,203,247,398,521; II,15,37; Sn.69,156,985; Dh.372; J.I,139; VvA.38; PvA.163.-- Separately:the 1st:A.IV,422; V,135; M.I,246,294; Miln.289; 1st-3rd:A.III,323; M.I,181; 1st &#38; 2nd:M.II,28; 4th:A.II,41; III,325; V,31; D.III,270; VvA.4.-- See also Mrs.Rh.D.Buddh.Psych.(Quest Series) p.107 sq.; Dhs.trsl.p.52 sq.; Index to Saṃyutta N.for more refs.; also <i>Kasiṇa</i>.<br><br> <i>--anuyutta</i> applying oneself to meditation Sn.972; <i>--aṅga</i> a constituent of meditation (with ref.to the 4 jhānas) Vism.190.<i>--kīḷā</i> sporting in the exercise of meditation J.III,45.<i>--pasuta</i> id.(+dhīra) Sn.709; Dh.181 (cp.DhA.III,226); <i>--rata</i> fond of meditation S.I,53,122; IV,117; It.40; Sn.212,503,1009; Vv 50<sup>15</sup>; VvA.38; <i>--vimokkha</i> emancipation reached through jhāna A.III,417; V,34; <i>--sahagata</i> accompanied by jh.(of paññābala) A.I,42.(Page 286),5,1
  5189. 200064,en,15,jhanika,jhānika,Jhānika,Jhānika,(adj.) [fr.jhāna<sup>1</sup>] belonging to the (4) meditations Vism.111.(Page 286),7,1
  5190. 200072,en,15,jhapaka,jhāpaka,Jhāpaka,Jhāpaka,(adj.) one who sets fire to (cp.jhāpeti),an incendiary J.III,71.(Page 286),7,1
  5191. 200078,en,15,jhapana,jhāpana,Jhāpana,Jhāpana,(nt.) setting fire to,consumption by fire,in <i>sarīra°-kicca</i> cremation VvA.76.(Page 286),7,1
  5192. 200091,en,15,jhapeti,jhāpeti,Jhāpeti,Jhāpeti,[Caus.of jhāyati<sup>2</sup>] 1.to set fire to,to burn,to cook Vin.IV,265; J.I,255,294; DhA.II,66; PvA.62.-- 2.to destroy,to bring to ruin,to kill (see Kern,Toev.,p.37 sq.) J.III,441 (=ḍahati pīḷeti); VvA.38 (=jhāyati<sup>1</sup>,connected w.jhāna:to destroy by means of jhāna); inf.jhāpetuṃ J.VI,300 (+ghātetuṃ hantuṃ); ger.<i>jhatvā</i> ref.S.I,161 (reads chetvā)=Nett 145 (reads jhitvā,with v.l.chetvā).S.I,19 (reads chetvā,vv.ll.ghatvā &#38; jhatvā)=J.IV,67 (T.jhatvā,v.l.chetvā; expl<sup>d</sup> by kilametvā); S.I,41 (v.l.for T.chetvā,Bdhgh says “jhatvā ti vadhitvā”); J.II,262 (+hantvā vadhitvā; expl<sup>d</sup> by kilametvā); VI,299 (+vadhitvā); also jhatvāna J.IV,57 (=hantvā).-- pp.<i>jhatta </i>&<i> jhāpita</i>.(Page 286),7,1
  5193. 200101,en,15,jhapita,jhāpita,Jhāpita,Jhāpita,[pp.jhāpeti] set on fire Miln.47; Vism.76 (<i>°kāla</i> time of cremation).(Page 286),7,1
  5194. 200115,en,15,jhasa,jhasa,Jhasa,Jhasa,(?) a window or opening in general J.II,334.(Page 286),5,1
  5195. 200128,en,15,jhatta,jhatta,Jhatta,Jhatta,[pp.of jhāpeti; cp.ñatta›*jñāpayati] set on fire,consumed,dried up (w.hunger or thirst:parched) comb<sup>d</sup> w.chāta J.II,83; VI,347.(Page 286),6,1
  5196. 200134,en,15,jhatva,jhatvā,Jhatvā,Jhatvā,see <i>jhāpeti</i>.(Page 286),6,1
  5197. 200147,en,15,jhayaka,jhāyaka,Jhāyaka,Jhāyaka,(adj.) meditator(one who makes a fire) D.III,94.(Page 287),7,1
  5198. 200155,en,15,jhayana,jhāyana,Jhāyana,Jhāyana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.jhāyati<sup>2</sup>] cremation,burning Pug.A 187.(Page 287),7,1
  5199. 200156,en,15,jhayana,jhāyana,Jhāyana,Jhāyana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [der.fr.jhāyati<sup>1</sup>] meditating,in <i>°sīla</i> the practice of meditation (cp.Sk.dhyānayoga) VvA.38.(Page 287),7,1
  5200. 200171,en,15,jhayati,jhāyati,Jhāyati,Jhāyati,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.kṣāyati to burn,<i>kṣāy </i>&<i> kṣī</i>,cp.khara &#38; chārikā] to burn,to be on fire:fig.to be consumed,to waste away,to dry up D.I,50 (=jāleti DA.I,151); III,94 (to make a fire); J.I,61,62; Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup> (jhāyare v.l.BB.for ghāyire); Miln.47; PvA.33 (=pariḍayhati); -- aor.<i>jhāyi</i> DhA.II,240 sq.-- (fig.) Dh.155; J.VI,189.-- Caus.jhāpeti.-- Cp.khīyati<sup>2</sup>.(Page 287),7,1
  5201. 200172,en,15,jhayati,jhāyati,Jhāyati,Jhāyati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.dhyāyati,<em>dhī</em><i>;</i> with dhīra,dhīḥ from didheti shine,perceive; cp.Goth.filu-deisei cunning, &#38; in meaning cinteti›citta<sup>1</sup>] to meditate,contemplate,think upon,brood over (c.Acc.):search for,hunt after D.II,237 (jhānaṃ); S.I,25,57; A.V,323 sq.(+pa,° ni,° ava°); Sn.165,221,425,709,818 (=Nd<sup>1</sup> 149 pa°,ni°,ava°); Dh.27,371,395; J.I,67,410; Vv 50<sup>12</sup>; Pv IV.16<sup>6</sup>; Miln.66; SnA 320 (aor.jhāyiṃsu thought of).-- pp.<i>jhāyita</i>.(Page 287),7,1
  5202. 200189,en,15,jhayin,jhāyin,Jhāyin,Jhāyin,(adj.) [see jhāyati<sup>1</sup> &#38; jhāna] pondering over (c.Acc.) intent on:meditative,self-concentrated,engaged in jhāna-practice Vin.II,75; S.I,46=52; II,284; M.I,334; A.I,24; III,355; IV,426; V,156,325 sq.; Sn.85 (magga°),638,719,1009,1105; It.71,74,112; J.IV,7; Dh.23,110,387 (reminding of jhāyati<sup>2</sup>,cp.DhA.IV,144); Nd<sup>2</sup> 264; Vv 5<sup>8</sup>; Pv IV.1<sup>32</sup>; Vbh.342.Nd<sup>1</sup> 226= Nd<sup>2</sup> 342<sup>2</sup>=Vism.26 (āpādaka°).(Page 287),6,1
  5203. 200198,en,15,jhitva,jhitvā,Jhitvā,Jhitvā,is reading at Nett 145 for <i>jhatvā</i> (see <i>jhāpeti</i>).(Page 287),6,1
  5204. 200208,en,15,jigaccha,jigacchā,Jigacchā,Jigacchā,(f.) see jighacchā.(Page 283),8,1
  5205. 200217,en,15,jighaccha,jighacchā,Jighacchā,Jighacchā,(f.) [from jighacchati] appetite,hunger,often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>pipāsā</i>,desire to drink,thirst,e.g.S.I,18; A.II,143,153; Miln.304.-- M.I,13,114; 364; III,97,136; A.III,163; Dh.203 (j.paramā rogā); J.II,445; III,19; (°abhibhūta=chāta); Miln.204,304; Sdhp.118,388.Cp.khudā &#38; chāta.Note.A diff.spelling as dighacchā occurs at A.II,117.(Page 284),9,1
  5206. 200278,en,15,jighacchati,jighacchati,Jighacchati,Jighacchati,[Desid.to ghasati,eat] to have a desire to eat,to be hungry D.II,266; pp.<i>jighacchita</i> DhA.II,145.(Page 283),11,1
  5207. 200326,en,15,jigimsaka,jigiṃsaka,Jigiṃsaka,Jigiṃsaka,(adj.) [see next] one who wishes to gain,desirous of,pursuing Sn.690.(Page 283),9,1
  5208. 200339,en,15,jigimsanata,jigiṃsanatā,Jigiṃsanatā,Jigiṃsanatā,(f.) [n.abstr.fr.jigiṃsati] desire for,covetousness Vbh.353 (v.l.BB.nijigīsanatā); cp.Vism.29 (Page 283),11,1
  5209. 200347,en,15,jigimsati,jigiṃsati,Jigiṃsati,Jigiṃsati,[Desid.of <em>ji</em>,jayati.On etym.see also Kern,Toev.p.44] to desire,to wish to acquire,to covet; Sn.700; J.II,285; III,172 (v.l.BB.jigissaṃ); IV,406 (v.l.SS.jihiṃ°,BB.jigī°); V,372; VI,268.As <i>jigīsati</i> Th.1,1110.(Page 283),9,1
  5210. 200387,en,15,jiguccha,jigucchā,Jigucchā,Jigucchā,(f.) disgust for,detestation,avoidance,shunning:tapo° (detesting asceticism) D.I,174; S.I,67; A.II,200; jigucchabībhaccha-dassana detestable &#38; fearful-looking PvA.56.Note.A diff.spelling,digucchā,occurs at DhsA.210.(Page 283),8,1
  5211. 200399,en,15,jigucchaka,jigucchaka,Jigucchaka,Jigucchaka,(adj.) one who dislikes or disapproves of M.I,327 (paṭhavī°,āpa° etc.) Miln.343.(Page 283),10,1
  5212. 200412,en,15,jigucchana,jigucchana,Jigucchana,Jigucchana,(nt.) dislike,contempt,disgust Vism.159; PvA.120.(Page 283),10,1
  5213. 200476,en,15,jigucchati,jigucchati,Jigucchati,Jigucchati,[Desid.of <em>gup</em>] to shun,avoid,loathe,detest,to be disgusted with or horrified at (c.Instr.) D.I,213 (iddhi-pāṭihāriyena aṭṭiyāmi harāyāmi j.):A.IV,174 (kāyaduccaritena); Sn.215 (kammehi pāpakehi; SnA 266=hiriyati); J.II,287; Pug.36.-- ppr.jigucchamāna It.43; grd.jigucchitabba A.I,126; pp.jigucchita Sn.901.-- See also jeguccha,jegucchin.(Page 283),10,1
  5214. 200538,en,15,jimha,jimha,Jimha,Jimha,(adj.) [Vedic jihma] crooked,oblique,slant,fig.dishonest,false (cp.vaṅka,opp.uju | M.I,31 (+vaṅka); A.V,289,290; J.I,290 (spelled jima); III,111=V.222; VI,66; Vism.219 (ajimha=uju); PvA.51 (citta° vaṅka ...; opp.uju).Cp.kuṭila.(Page 284),5,1
  5215. 200563,en,15,jimhata,jimhatā,Jimhatā,Jimhatā,(f.) [n.abstr.to jimha] crookedness,deceit (opp.ujutā) Dhs.50,51 (+vaṅkatā); Vbh.359.(Page 284),7,1
  5216. 200572,en,15,jimheyya,jimheyya,Jimheyya,Jimheyya,(nt.) [from jimha] crookedness,deceit,fraud M.I,340 (sāṭheyyāni kūṭeyyāni vaṅkeyyāni j.°); A.IV,189 (id.) V.167.(Page 284),8,1
  5217. 200601,en,15,jina,jina,Jina,Jina,[pp.med.of jayati] conquering,victorious,often of the Buddha,“Victor”:jitā me pāpakā dhammā tasmâhaṃ Upaka jino ti Vin.I,8=M.I,171; Vin.V,217; Sn.379,697,989,996.magga° conqueror of the Path Sn.84 sq.; saṃsuddha° (id.) Sn.372.Cp khetta°.In other connections:Pv IV.3<sup>33</sup>; Th.2,419 (jin’amhase rūpinaṃ Lacchiṃ expl<sup>d</sup> at ThA.268 as jinā amhase jinā vat’amha rūpavatiṃ Siriṃ).<br><br> <i>--cakka</i> the Buddha’s reign,rule,authority J.IV,100; <i>--putta</i> disciple of the B.Miln.177; <i>--bhūmi</i> the ground or footing of a conqueror PvA.254; <i>--sāsana</i> the doctrine of the B.Dpvs.IV,3,10.(Page 284),4,1
  5218. 200612,en,15,jina,jīna,Jīna,Jīna,[pp.of jīyati] diminished,wasted,deprived of (with Acc.or Abl.) having lost; with Acc.:J.III,153,223,335; V,99 (atthaṃ:robbed of their possessions; Com.parihīna vinaṭṭha).-- with Abl.:J.V,401 (read jīnā dhanā).(Page 284),4,1
  5219. 200765,en,15,jinati,jināti,Jināti,Jināti,=jayati (jeti).See also vi°.(Page 284),6,1
  5220. 200852,en,15,jinjuka,jiñjuka,Jiñjuka,Jiñjuka,the Gunja shrub (Abrus precatorius) J.IV,333 (akkhīni j.°phalasadisāni,cp.in same application guñjā); V,156 (j.°phalasannibha); DhA.I,177 (°gumba).(Page 284),7,1
  5221. 200874,en,15,jinna,jiṇṇa,Jiṇṇa,Jiṇṇa,[pp.of jarati] 1.decayed,broken up,frail,decrepit,old:vuḍḍha mahallaka andhagata vayo-anupatta Nd<sup>2</sup> 261; jarājiṇṇatāya jiṇṇa DA.I,283.-- Vin.II,189; D.I,114; M.II,48 sq.,66; A.II,249; IV,173; Sn.1 (urago va jiṇṇaṃ tacaṃ jahāti); Pv.I,12<sup>1</sup> (same simile); Sn.1120,1144; J.I,58; III,22 (-pilotikā worn-out rags); Dh.155,260; Pv.II,11<sup>4</sup> (jarājiṇṇa PvA.147); Pug.33; Vism.119 (°vihārā),356 (°sandamānikā),357 (°koṭṭha); ThA.213 (-ghara a tumble-down house); PvA.40 (-goṇa=jaraggava),55 (of a roof).Cp.°tara J.IV,108.-- 2.digested J.II,362 (Page 284),5,1
  5222. 200942,en,15,jinnaka,jiṇṇaka,Jiṇṇaka,Jiṇṇaka,(adj.)=jiṇṇa Sn.98,124; J.IV,178,366; Sdhp.299 (sālā).(Page 284),7,1
  5223. 201041,en,15,jinnata,jiṇṇatā,Jiṇṇatā,Jiṇṇatā,(f.) [cp.jiṇṇa,jaratā &#38; jīraṇatā] decrepitude DA.I,283 (jarā°).(Page 284),7,1
  5224. 201093,en,15,jiraka,jīraka,Jīraka,Jīraka,<sup>2</sup> cummin-seed Miln.63; J.I,244; II,363; VvA.186.(Page 284),6,1
  5225. 201094,en,15,jiraka,jīraka,Jīraka,Jīraka,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic jīra,lively,alert,cp.jīvati &#38; Gr.dierόs,Lat.viridis] digestion,in <i>ajīrakena</i> by want or lack of digestion J.II,181.See ajīraka.(Page 284),6,1
  5226. 201125,en,15,jirana,jīraṇa,Jīraṇa,Jīraṇa,(nt.) [fr.<em>jīr</em>] decaying,getting old Dhtp 252.(Page 284),6,1
  5227. 201164,en,15,jiranata,jīraṇatā,Jīraṇatā,Jīraṇatā,(f.) [n.abstr.of <em>jīr</em><i>=</i><em>jar</em>,see jarati; cp.jarā &#38; jiṇṇatā] the state of being decayed or aged,old age,decay,decrepitude M.I,49; S.II,2; Nd<sup>2</sup> 252=Dhs.644; PvA.149.(Page 284),8,1
  5228. 201209,en,15,jirati,jīrati,Jīrati,Jīrati, &#38; Jīrayati [Caus.of jarati] 1.to destroy,bring to ruin,injure,hurt Vin.I,237 (jīrati); J.V,501 (v.l.BB.for jarayetha,Com.vināseyya)=VI,375; PvA.57.‹-› 2.(cp.jīyati) to get old A.III,54 (jarā-dhammaṃ mā jīri “old age may not get old,” or “the law of decay may not work”); Vism.235 (where id.p.D.II,30 reads jīyati); DhA.I,11 (cakkhūni jīranti).-- 3.(intrs.) to be digested Vism.101.(Page 284),6,1
  5229. 201228,en,15,jireti,jīreti,Jīreti,Jīreti, &#38; Jīrāpeti [Verbal formation from jīra<sup>1</sup>] to work out,to digest J.I,238,274 (jīreti); DhA.I,171.Appl.to bhati,wages:bhatiṃ ajīrāpetva not working off the w.J.II,309,381; <i>jīrāpeti</i> as “destroy” at ThA.269 in expl<sup>n</sup> of nijjareti (+vināseti).(Page 284),6,1
  5230. 201255,en,15,jita,jita,Jita,Jita,[pp.of jayati,conquer] conquered,subdued,mastered:(nt.) victory.jitā me pāpakā dhammā Vin.I,8; ‹-› Dh.40,104 (attā jitaṃ seyyo for attā jito seyyo see DhA.II,228),105,179; Vv 64<sup>27</sup> (jitindriya one whose senses are mastered,cp.guttindriya).-- Cp.vi°.(Page 284),4,1
  5231. 201290,en,15,jitatta,jitatta,Jitatta,Jitatta,(nt.) [n.abstr.of jita] mastery,conquest VvA.284.(Page 284),7,1
  5232. 201330,en,15,jiva,jīva,Jīva,Jīva,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) the note of the <i>jīvaka</i> bird Sum.V.on D.III,201.(Page 285),4,1
  5233. 201331,en,15,jiva,jīva,Jīva,Jīva,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-n.) [Sk.jīva,Idg.<i>*gǔīǔos</i>=Gr.bi/oQ,Lat.vīvus,Goth.quius,Ohg.queck,E.quick,Lith.gyvas] 1.the soul.Sabbe jīvā all the souls,enum<sup>d</sup> with sattā pāṇā bhūta in the dialect used by the followers of Gosāla D.I,53 (=DA.I,161 jīvasaññī).“taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīraṃ udāhu aññaṃ j.aññaṃ s.” (is the body the soul,or is the body one thing and the soul another?) see D.I,157,188; II,333,336,339; S.IV,392 sq.; M.I,157,426 sq.; A.II,41.-- Also in this sense at Miln.30,54,86.-- Vin.IV,34; S.III,215,258 sq.; IV,286; V,418; A.V,31,186,193.-- 2.life,in <i>yāvajīvaṃ</i> as long as life lasts,for life,during (his) lifetime D.III,133; Vin.I,201; Dh.64; J.II,155; PvA.76.<br><br> <i>--gāhaṃ</i> (adv.) taken alive,in phrase j.° gaṇhāti or gaṇhāpeti S.I,84; J.I,180; II,404; cp.karamara; <i>--loka</i> the animate creation J.III,394; <i>--sūla</i> “life-pale,” a stake for execution J.II,443; <i>--sokin</i> (=sokajīvin) leading a life of sorrow J.VI,509.(Page 284),4,1
  5234. 201385,en,15,jivaka,jīvaka,Jīvaka,Jīvaka,(adj.)=jīva,in <i>bandhu°</i> N.of a plant VvA.43.-- f.<i>°ikā</i> q.v.(Page 285),6,1
  5235. 201427,en,15,jivam-jivaka,jīvaṃ-jīvaka,Jīvaṃ-jīvaka,Jīvaṃ-jīvaka,(m.onom.) name of a bird,a sort of pheasant (or partridge?),which utters a note sounding like jīvaṃ jīva D.III,201; J.V,406,416; VI,276,538 [Fausböll reads jīvajīvaka in all the Jātaka passages.Speyer AvŚ II.227 has jīvañjīvaka].With this cp.the Jain phrase jīvaṃjīveṇa gacchaï jīvaṃjīveṇaṃ ciṭṭhaï,Weber Bhagavatī pp.289,290,with doubtful interpretation (“living he goes with life”? or “he goes like the j.bird”?).(Page 285),12,1
  5236. 201439,en,15,jivamanaka,jīvamānaka,Jīvamānaka,Jīvamānaka,(adj.) [ppr.med.of jīvati+ka] living,alive Vism.194.(Page 285),10,1
  5237. 201498,en,15,jivana,jīvana,Jīvana,Jīvana,(nt.) living,means of subsistence,livelihood PvA.161.Spelt <i>jīvāna</i> (v.l.jīvino) (adj.) at J.III,353 (yācana°).(Page 285),6,1
  5238. 201629,en,15,jivati,jīvati,Jīvati,Jīvati,[Vedic jīvati,cp.jinoti (jinvati); Dhtp 282:pāṇadhāraṇe <i>*gQeịē</i> =Gr.bi/omai &#38; zw/w,zh_n; Lat.vīvo:Goth.ga-quiunan; Mhg.quicken,cp.E.quicken] to live,be alive,live by,subsist on (c.Instr.or nissāya).Imper.pres.jīva Sn.427,very freq.with ciraṃ live long ...,as a salutation &#38; thanksgiving.ciraṃ jīva J.VI,337; c.jīvāhi Sn.1029; Pv.II,3<sup>33</sup>; c.jīvantu Pv.I,5<sup>5</sup>; -- pot.jīve Sn.440,589; Dh.110; -- ppr.jīvaṃ Sn.427,432; ‹-› ppr.med.<i>jīvamāna</i> J.I,307; PvA.39; -- inf.jīvituṃ J.I,263; Dh.123.-- Sn.84 sq.,613 sq.,804; Dh.197; J.III,26; IV,137; VI,183 (jīvare); PvA.111.(Page 285),6,1
  5239. 201664,en,15,jivha,jivhā,Jivhā,Jivhā,(f.) [Vedic jihvā,cp.Lat.lingua (older dingua); Goth.tuggo; Ohg.zunga; E.tongue] the tongue.‹-› (a) physically:Vin.I,34; A.IV,131; Sn.673,716; Dh.65,360; J.II,306; PvA.99 (of Petas:visukkha-kanthaṭṭha j.),152.-- Of the tongue of the mahāpurusha which could touch his ears &#38; cover his forehead:Sn.1022; p.108; &#38; pahūta-jivhatā the characteristic of possessing a prominent tongue (as the 27th of the 32 Mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇāni) D.I,106=Sn.p.107; D.II,18.<i>--dujjivha</i> (adj.) having a bad tongue (of a poisonous snake) A.III,260.-- (b) psychologically:the sense of taste.It follows after ghāna (smell) as the 4th sense in the enum<sup>n</sup> of sense-organs (jivhāya rasaṃ sāyati Nd<sup>2</sup> under rūpa; jivhā-viññeyya rasa D.I,245; II,281; M.II,42) Vin.I,34; D.III,102,226; M.I,191; Vism.444.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> the tip of the tongue A.III,109; IV,137; DhA.II,33.<i>--āyatana</i> the organ of taste D.III,243,280,290; Dhs.585,609,653; <i>--indriya</i> the sense of taste D.III,239; Dhs.585,609,972; <i>--nittaddana</i> (corr.to <i>--nitthaddhana</i>) tying the tongue by means of a spell D.I,11 (cp.DA.I,96); <i>--viññāṇa</i> the cognition of taste M.I,112; D.III,243; Dhs.556,612,632; <i>--samphassa</i> contact with the sense of taste S.I,115; D.III,243; Dhs.585,632,787.(Page 284),5,1
  5240. 201850,en,15,jivika,jīvikā,Jīvikā,Jīvikā,(f.) [abstr.fr.jīvaka] living,livelihood S.III,93; A.V,87,210; J.IV,459; Miln.122; SnA 466.Freq.in comb<sup>n</sup> °ṃ kappeti to find or get one’s living:J.II,209; PvA.40,etc.; °kappaka finding one’s livelihood (c.ger.by) J.II,167.Cp.next.(Page 285),6,1
  5241. 201917,en,15,jivin,jīvin,Jīvin,Jīvin,(adj.) (usually --°) living,leading a life (of ...) S.I,42,61; Sn.88,181; Dh.164; PvA.27.Cp.dīgha°,dhamma°.(Page 285),5,1
  5242. 201938,en,15,jivita,jīvita,Jīvita,Jīvita,(nt.) [Vedic jīvita,orig.pp.of jīvati “that which is lived,” cp.same formation in Lat.vīta=*vīvita; Gr.biόth living,sustenace, &#38; di/aita,“diet”] (individual) life,lifetime,span of life; living,livelihood (cp.jīvikā) Vin.II,191; S.I,42; IV,169,213; M.II,73 (appaṃ); A.I,155,255; III,72; IV,136 (appakaṃ parittaṃ); Sn.181,440,574,577,931,1077; Dh.110,111,130; J.I,222; Pv.I,11<sup>11</sup> (ittaraṃ); II,6<sup>7</sup> (vijahati); Dhs.19,295; Vism.235,236; Ps.II,245; PvA.40.-- jīvitā voropeti to deprive of life,to kill Vin.III,73; D.III,235; M.II,99; A.III,146,436; IV,370 sq.; PvA.67.<br><br> <i>--āsā</i> the desire for life A.I,86; <i>--indriya</i> the faculty of life,vitality Vin.III,73; S.V,204; Kvu 8,10; Miln.56; Dhs.19; Vism.32,230 (°upaccheda destruction of life),447 (def.); DhA.II,356 (°ṃ upacchindati to destroy life); VvA.72; <i>--kkhaya</i> the dissolution of life,i.e.death J.I,222; PvA.95,111; <i>--dāna</i> “the gift of life,” saving or sparing life J.I,167; II,154; <i>--nikanti</i> desire for life A.IV,48; <i>--parikkhārā</i> (pl.) the requisites of life M.I,104 sq.; A.III,120; V,211; <i>--pariyādāna</i> the cessation or consummation of life D.I,46 (=DA.I,128); S.II,83; A.IV,13; <i>--pariyosāna</i> the end of life,i.e.death J.I,256; PvA.73; <i>--mada</i> the pride of life,enum<sup>d</sup> under the 3 madā; viz.ārogya,yobbana,j.:of health,youth,life D.III,220; A.I,146; III,72; <i>--rūpa</i> (adj.) living (lifelike) J.II,190; <i>--saṅkhaya</i>=°khaya Sn.74; Dh.331; Nd<sup>2</sup> 262 (=°pariyosāna); <i>--hetu</i> (adv.) on the ground of life,for the sake of life A.IV,201,270 (Page 285),6,1
  5243. 202456,en,15,jiya,jiyā,Jiyā,Jiyā,(f.) [Vedic jyā=Gr.biόs bow,cp.also Lat.filum thread] a bow string M.I,429 (five kinds); J.II,88; III,323; Vism.150; DA.I,207.<i>--kāra</i> bowstring-maker Miln.331.(Page 284),4,1
  5244. 202518,en,15,jiyati,jīyati,Jīyati,Jīyati,[Pass.of <i>ji</i>,cp.Sk.jyāti &#38; jīryate] to become diminished,to be deprived,to lose (cp.jayati,jāni); to decay; to become old (cp.jarati,jiṇṇa) jīyasi J.V,100; jīyanti J.III,336 (dhanā); jīyittha S.I,54; J.I,468; mā jīyi do not be deprived of (ratiṃ) J.IV,107.Koci kvaci na jīyati mīyati (cp.jāyati) D.II,30; cakkhūni jīyare the eyes will become powerless J.VI,528 (=jīyissanti); grd.jeyya:see ajeyya<sup>2</sup>.Cp.parijīyati.Sometimes spelt jiyy°:jiyyati J.VI,150; jiyyāma J.II,75 (we lose= parihāyāma).pp.<i>jīna</i>,q.v.(Page 284),6,1
  5245. 202581,en,15,jotaka,jotaka,Jotaka,Jotaka,(adj.) [from juti] illuminating,making light; explaining J.II,420; Dpvs XIV.50; Miln.343 (=lamp‹-› lighter).-- f.<i>°ikā</i> explanation,commentary,N.of several Commentaries,e.g.the Paramatthajotikā on the Sutta Nipāta (KhA 11); cp.the similar expression dīpanī (Paramatthadīpanī on Th.2; Vv &#38; Pv.).‹-› <i>Jotika</i> Np.DhA.I,385 (Jotiya); Vism.233,382.(Page 285),6,1
  5246. 202609,en,15,jotana,jotana,Jotana,Jotana,(nt.) &#38; <i>jotanā</i> (f.) [cp.Sk.dyotana] illumination,explanation J.VI,542; Ps.II,112; VvA.17 (°nā).(Page 286),6,1
  5247. 202648,en,15,jotati,jotati,Jotati,Jotati,[Sk.dyotate to shine,<i>*deịā</i>; cp.Gr.dέatai shine,dh_los clear; also Sk.<em>dī</em> in dīpyate; Lat.dies.Dhtp 120 gives <i>jut</i> in meaning “ditti,” i.e.light] to shine,be splendid Jˋ I.53; VI,100,509; PvA.71 (<i>jotantī=obhāsentī</i>).(Page 286),6,1
  5248. 202709,en,15,joteti,joteti,Joteti,Joteti,[Caus.of jotati] (a) trs.to cause to shine,illuminate,make clear,explain A.II,51=J.V,509 (bhāsaye jotaye dhammaṃ; Gloss J.V,510 katheyya for joteyya=jotaye) It.108; J.II,208; PvA.18.-- (b) intrs.to shine DhA.II,163 (ñāṇajutiyā jotetvā); pp.jotita resplendent PvA.53.(Page 286),6,1
  5249. 202733,en,15,joti,joti,Joti,Joti,(m.nt.) [Sk.jyotis (cp.dyuti) nt.to dyotate,see jotati] 1.light,splendour,radiance S.I,93; A.II,85; Vv 16<sup>2</sup>.-- 2.a star:see cpds.-- 3.fire S.I,169; Th.1,415; J.IV,206; sajotibhūta set on fire S.II,260; A.III,407 sq.; J.I,232.<br><br> <i>--parāyaṇa</i> (adj.) attaining to light or glory S.I,93; A.II,85; D.III,233; Pug.51; <i>--pāvaka</i> a brilliant fire Vv 16<sup>2</sup> (expl.VvA.79:candima-suriya-nakkhatta tāraka-rūpānaṃ sādhāraṇa-nāmaṃ); <i>--pāsāṇa</i> a burning glass made of a crystal DhA.IV,209; <i>--mālikā</i> a certain torture (setting the body on fire:making a fiery garland) M.I,87=A.I,47=II.122=Nd<sup>1</sup> 154=Nd<sup>2</sup> 604=Miln.197; <i>--rasa</i> a certain jewel (wishing stone) VvA.111,339; DhA.I,198; Miln.118; <i>--sattha</i> the science of the stars,astronomy:one of the 6 Vedic disciplines:see chaḷaṅga,cp.jotisā.(Page 286),4,1
  5250. 202789,en,15,jotimant,jotimant,Jotimant,Jotimant,(adj.) [joti+mant,cp.also P.jutimant] luminous,endowed with light or splendour,bright,excellent (in knowledge) Sn.348 (=paññājoti-sampanna SnA 348).(Page 286),8,1
  5251. 202845,en,15,jotisa,jotisā,Jotisā,Jotisā,(f.) [=Sk.jyotiṣa (nt.)] astronomy Miln.3.(Page 286),6,1
  5252. 202905,en,15,juhana,juhana,Juhana,Juhana,(nt.) [fr.juhati] offering,sacrifice D.I,12,J.II,43.(Page 285),6,1
  5253. 202925,en,15,juhati,juhati,Juhati,Juhati,[Sk.juhoti,<i>*gheu(d)</i>; cp.Gr.xέw,xQtra,xu_los; Lat.fundo; Goth.giutan,Ohg.giozan] to pour (into the fire),to sacrifice,offer; to give,dedicate A.II,207 (aggiṃ); Sn.1046 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 263 deti cīvaraṃ,etc.); 428 (aggihuttaṃ jūhato),p.79 (aggiṃ); Pug.56; fut.juhissati S.I,166 (aggiṃ); caus.hāpeti<sup>2</sup> pp.huta; see also hava,havi,homa.(Page 285),6,1
  5254. 202974,en,15,junha,juṇhā,Juṇhā,Juṇhā,(f.) [Sk.jyotsnā,see also P.dosinā) moonlight,a moonlit night,the bright fortnight of the month (opp.kālapakkha) Vin.I,138,176; J.I,165; IV,498 (°pakkha).(Page 285),5,1
  5255. 203024,en,15,juta,jūta,Jūta,Jūta,(nt.) [Sk.dyūta pp.of <em>div</em>,dīvyati,P.dibbati to play at dice] gambling,playing at dice D.I,7 (°ppamādaṭṭhāna cp.DA.I,85)≈; III,182,186 (id.); J.I,290; III,198; VI,281; DhA.II,228.<i>°ṃ kīḷati</i> to play at d.J.I,289; III,187.-- See also dūta<sup>2</sup>.<br><br> <i>--gīta</i> a verse sung at playing dice (for luck) J.I,289,293; <i>--maṇḍala</i> dice board (=phalaka J.I,290) J.I,293.<i>--sālā</i> gambling hall J.VI,281.(Page 285),4,1
  5256. 203091,en,15,juti,juti,Juti,Juti,(f.) [Sk.jyuti &#38; dyuti,to dyotate,see jotati] splendour,brightness,effulgence,light J.II,353; PvA.122,137,198.The spelling juti at M.I,328 (in comb<sup>n</sup> gati+juti) seems to be faulty for cuti (so as v.l.given on p.557).<br><br> <i>--dhara</i> (jutin°) carrying or showing light,shining,resplendent,brilliant S.I,121; J.II,353; DhA.I,432.(Page 285),4,1
  5257. 203105,en,15,jutika,jutika,Jutika,Jutika,(adj.) (-°) having light,in <i>mahā°</i> of great splendour D.II,272; A.I,206; IV,248.(Page 285),6,1
  5258. 203112,en,15,jutimant,jutimant,Jutimant,Jutimant,(adj.) [fr.juti] brilliant,bright; usually fig.as prominent in wisdom:“bright.” distinguished,a great light (in this sense often as v.l.to jātimant) D.II,256 (ī); S.V,24; Dh.89 (=DhA.II,163 ñāṇajutiyā jotetvā); Sn.508; Pv IV.1<sup>35</sup> (=PvA.230 ñāṇajutiyā jutimā).(Page 285),8,1
  5259. 203115,en,15,jutimantata,jutimantatā,Jutimantatā,Jutimantatā,(f.) [fr.jutimant] splendour SnA 453.(Page 285),11,1
  5260. 203120,en,15,jutimata,jutimatā,Jutimatā,Jutimatā,(f.) [fr.jutimant] splendour,brightness,prominence J 14; V,405 (Page 285),8,1
  5261. 203154,en,15,ka°,ka°,Ka°,Ka°,(pron.interr.) [Sk.<em>kaḥ</em>,Idg.*qǔo besides *qui (see ki° &#38; kiṃ) &#38; *qǔu (see ku°).Cp.Av.ka-; Gr.pğ,pώs,poίos,etc.; Lat.quī; Oir.co-te; Cymr.pa; Goth.hvas,Ags.hwā (=E.who),Ohg.hwër] who? -- m.ko,f.kā (nt.kiṃ,q.v.); follows regular decl.of an atheme with some formations fr.ki°,which base is otherwise restricted to the nt.-- From ka° also nt.pl.<i>kāni</i> (Sn.324,961) &#38; some adv.forms like kathaṃ,kadā,kahaṃ,etc.-- 1.(a) <i>ka°</i>:Nom.m.<i>ko</i> Sn.173,765,1024; J.I,279; Dh.146; f.<i>kā</i> J.VI,364; PvA.41; Gen.sg.<i>kassa</i> Miln.25; Instr.<i>kena</i>; Abl.<i>kasmā</i> (nt.) as adv.“why” Sn.883,885; PvA.4,13,63,etc.-- (b) <i>ki°</i> (m. &#38; f.; nt.see kiṃ):Gen.sg.<i>kissa</i> Dh.237; J.II,104.<i>ko-nāmo</i> (of) what name Miln.14; DhA.II,92,occurs besides <i>kin-nāmo</i> Miln.15.--<i>kvattho</i> what (is the) use Vv 50<sup>10</sup> stands for ko attho.-- All cases are freq.emphasized by addition of the affirm.part.<i>nu </i>&<i> su</i>.e.g.ko su’dha tarati oghaṃ (who then or who possibly) Sn.173; kena ssu nivuto loko “by what then is the world obstructed?” Sn.1032; kasmā nu saccāni vadanti ...Sn.885.‹-› 2.In indef.meaning comb<sup>d</sup> with --ci (Sk.cid:see under ca 1 and ci°):<i>koci</i>,<i> kāci</i>,etc.,whoever,some (usually with neg.<i>na koci</i>,etc.,equalling “not anybody”),nt.<i>kiñci</i> (q.v.); e.g.mā jātu koci lokasmiṃ pāpiccho It.85; no yāti koci loke Dh.179; n’âhaṃ bhatako ‘smi kassaci Sn.25; na hi nassati kassaci kammaṃ “nobody’s trace of action is lost” Sn.666; kassaci kiñci na (deti) (he gives) nothing to anybody VvA.322; PvA.45.-- In Sandhi the orig.d of cid is restored,e.g.app’eva nāma kocid eva puriso idh’agaccheyya,“would that some man or other would come here!” PvA.153.‹-› Also in correl.with rel.pron.<i>ya</i> (see details under ya°):yo hi koci gorakkhaṃ upajīvati kassako so na brāhmano (whoever-he) Sn.612.See also kad°.(Page 173),3,1
  5262. 203174,en,15,ka°,kā°,Kā°,Kā°,in composition,is assimilated (and contracted) form of kad° as kāpuppha,kāpurisa.(Page 202),3,1
  5263. 203175,en,15,ka,kā,Kā,Kā,(indecl.) interj.imitating the crow’s cry:<i>kā kā</i> J.IV,72.(Page 202),2,1
  5264. 203187,en,15,kabala,kabala,Kabala,Kabala,(m.,nt.) [cp.Sk.kavala BSk.kavaḍa Divy 290 (+ālopa),298,470] a small piece (=ālopa PvA.70),a mouthful,always appl.to food,either solid (i.e.as much as is made into a ball with the fingers when eating),or liquid Vin.II,214; It.18=J.III,409; IV,93; Dh.324; Miln.180,400; Bdhd 69; DhA.II,65; PvA.39; Mhvs 19,74.Kabale kabale on every morsel J.I,68; Miln.231; <i>--sakabala</i> appl.to the mouth,with the mouth full of food Vin.II,214; IV,195; -- Sometimes written kabala.<br><br> <i>--âvacchedaka</i> choosing portions of a mouthful,nibbling at a morsel Vin.II,214; IV,196.(Page 188),6,1
  5265. 203207,en,15,kabalika,kabaḷikā,Kabaḷikā,Kabaḷikā,(f.) [cp.Sk.kavalikā] a bandage,a piece of cloth put over a sore or wound Vin.I,205 (cp.Vin.Texts II.58 n<sup>4</sup>).(Page 188),8,1
  5266. 203243,en,15,kabalinkara,kabaliṅkāra,Kabaliṅkāra,Kabaliṅkāra,(adj.) [kabala in comp<sup>n</sup> form kabalī° before <em>kr </em>&<i> </i><em>bhū</em>; kabalin for kabalī°] always in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>āhāra</i>,food “made into a ball,” i.e.eatable,material food,as one of the 4 kinds of food (see stock phrase k° āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā ...at M.I,48= S.II,11,98=D.III,228,276; Bdhd 135) Dhs.585,646 (where fully described),816; Miln.245; Vism.236,341,450,616; Bdhd 69,74; DA.I,120.Written kabalīkāra nearly always in Burmese,and sometimes in Singh.MSS.; s.also Nett 114--118.<br><br> <i>--āhāra-bhakkha</i> (of attā,soul) feeding on material food D.I,34,186,195; <i>--bhakkha</i>,same A.III,192=V.336 (appl.to the kāmâvacara devas); DA.I,120.(Page 188),11,1
  5267. 203267,en,15,kabara,kabara,Kabara,Kabara,(adj.) [cp.Sk.kabara] variegated,spotted,striped; mixed,intermingled; in patches Vism.190.Of a cow (°gāvī) DhA.I,71 (°go-rūpa) ibid.99; of a calf (°vaccha) J.V,106; of a dog (°vaṇṇa=sabala q.v.) J.VI,107; of leprosy J.V,69; of the shade of trees (°cchāya,opp.sanda°) M.I,75; J.IV,152; DhA.I,375.<br><br> <i>--kucchi</i> having a belly striped with many colours,of a monster J.I,273; <i>--kuṭṭha</i> a kind of leprosy J.V,69; <i>--maṇi</i> the cat’s eye,a precious stone,also called masāragalla,but also an emerald; both are prob.varieties of the cat’s eye VvA.167,304.(Page 188),6,1
  5268. 203308,en,15,kabba,kabba,Kabba,Kabba,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kāvya] a poem,poetical composition,song,ballad in <i>°ṃ karoti</i> to compose a song J.VI,410; <i>--karaṇa</i> making poems DA.I,95; and <i>--kāra</i> a poet Kh 21; J.VI,410.(Page 188),5,1
  5269. 203354,en,15,kabya,kabya,Kabya,Kabya,=kabba in cpds.<i>°âlaṅkāra</i> composing in beautiful verse,a beautiful poem in °ṃ bandhati,to compose a poem ibid.; and <i>--kāraka</i> a poet,ibid.(Page 188),5,1
  5270. 203378,en,15,kaca,kaca,Kaca,Kaca,[Sk.kaca,cp.kāñcī and Latin cingo,cicatrix] the hair (of the head),in °kalāpa a mass of hair,tresses Dāvs.IV,51.(Page 175),4,1
  5271. 203388,en,15,kaca,kāca,Kāca,Kāca,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.kāca &#38; kāja] a pingo,a yoke,a carryingpole,usually made of bamboo,at both ends of which baskets are hung (double pingo).Besides this there is a single pingo (ekato-kājo) with only one basket and “middle” p.(antarā°) with two bearers and the basket suspended in the middle Vin.II,137; J.I,154; V,13,293,295 sq.,320,345; PvA.168.<br><br> --daṇḍaka the pole of a pingo DA.I,41.(Page 202),4,1
  5272. 203389,en,15,kaca,kāca,Kāca,Kāca,<sup>1</sup> [Der.unknown.The word first occurs in the Śat Br. &#38; may well be non-Aryan] a glass-like substance made of siliceous clay; crystal Vin.I,190; II,112 (cp.Divy 503,kācamaṇi rock-crystal).-- a° not of glass or quartz,i.e.pure,clear,flawless,appl.to precious stones D.II,244=J.II,418 (=akakkasa) Sn.476.In the same sense also MVastu I.164.<br><br> --ambha (nt.) red crystal J.VI,268 (=rattamaṇi); --maya made of crystal,crystalline Vin.I,190; II,112.(Page 202),4,1
  5273. 203416,en,15,kacana,kācanā,Kācanā,Kācanā,(f.) [fr.kāca<sup>2</sup>] balancing like carrying on a kāca,fig.deliberation,pondering Vbh.352=Vism.27.(Page 202),6,1
  5274. 203436,en,15,kacavara,kacavara,Kacavara,Kacavara,[to kaca?] 1.sweepings,dust,rubbish (usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>chaḍḍeti</i> and <i>sammajjati</i>) J.I,292; III,163; IV,300; Vism.70; DA.I,7; DhA.I,52; SnA 311.-- 2.rags,old clothes SA 283 (=pilotikā).<br><br> <i>--chaḍḍana</i> throwing out sweepings,in °pacchi a dust basket,a bin J.I,290.<i>--chaḍḍanaka</i> a dust pan J.I,161 (+ muṭṭhi-sammjjanī).<i>--chaḍḍani</i> a dust pan DhA.III,7 (sammajjanī+).<i>--chaḍḍikā</i> (dāsī) a maid for sweeping dust,a cinderella DhA.IV,210.(Page 175),8,1
  5275. 203554,en,15,kaccha,kaccha,Kaccha,Kaccha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [ger.of <em>kath</em>] fit to be spoken of A.I,197 (Com.=kathetuṃ yutta).<i>akaccha</i> ibid.(Page 175),6,1
  5276. 203555,en,15,kaccha,kaccha,Kaccha,Kaccha,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.kaccha,prob.dial.] 1.marshy land,marshes; long grass,rush,reed S.I,52 (te hi sotthiṃ gamissanti kacche vāmakase magā),78 (parūḷha k-nakha-lomā with nails and hair like long-grown grass,cp.same at J.III,315 &#38; Sdhp.104); J.V,23 (carāmi kacchāni vanāni ca); VI,100 (parūḷha-kacchā tagarā); Sn.20 (kacche rūḷhatiṇe caranti gāvo); SnA 33 (pabbata° opp.to nadī°,mountain, &#38; river marshes).Kern (Toev.II.139) doubts the genuineness of the phrase parūḷha°.-- 2.an arrow (made of reed) M.I,429 (kaṇḍo ...yen’amhi viddho yadi vā kacchaṃ yadi vā ropiman ti).(Page 175),6,1
  5277. 203569,en,15,kaccha,kacchā,Kacchā,Kacchā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) &#38; kaccha (m.nt.) [Derivation unknown,cp.Sk.kakṣa &#38; kakṣā,Lat.coxa,Ohg.hahsa]; the armpit Vin.I,15 (addasa ...kacche vīṇaṃ ...aññissā kacche ālambaraṃ); S.I,122=Sn.449 (sokaparetassa vīṃā kacchā abhassatha); It.76 (kacchehi sedā muccanti:sweat drops from their armpits); J.V,434=DhA.IV,197 (thanaṃ dasseti k°ṃ dass° nābhiṃ dass°); J.V,435 (thanāni k° āni ca dassayantī; expl<sup>d</sup> on p.437 by upakacchaka); VI,578.The phrase parūḷha-kaccha-nakhaloma means “with long-grown finger-nails and long hair in the armpit,” e.g.S.I,78.<br><br> <i>--loma</i> (kaccha°) hair growing in the armpit Miln.163 (should probably be read parūḷha-k.-nakha-l.,as above).(Page 175),6,1
  5278. 203570,en,15,kaccha,kacchā,Kacchā,Kacchā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [derivation unknown,cp.Sk.kakṣā,Lat.cohus,incohare &#38; see details under gaha<sup>1</sup>] 1.enclosure,denoting both the enclosing and the enclosed,i.e.wall or room:see kacchantara.-2.an ornament for head &#38; neck (of an elephant),veilings,ribbon Vv 21<sup>9</sup>=69<sup>9</sup> (=gīveyyaka VvA); J.IV,395 (kacchaṃ nāgānaṃ bandhatha gīveyyaṃ paṭimuñcatha).3.belt,loin- or waist-cloth (cp.next) Vin.II,319; J.V,306 (=saṃvelli); Miln.36; DhA.I,389.(Page 175),6,1
  5279. 203585,en,15,kacchaka,kacchaka,Kacchaka,Kacchaka,<sup>1</sup> a kind of fig-tree DA.I,81.-- 2.the tree Cedrela Toona Vin.IV,35; S.V,96; Vism.183.(Page 175),8,1
  5280. 203611,en,15,kacchantara,kacchantara,Kacchantara,Kacchantara,(nt.) [see kacchā<sup>2</sup>] 1.interior,dwelling,apartment VvA.50 (=nivesa).-- 2.the armpit:see upa°.(Page 175),11,1
  5281. 203621,en,15,kacchapa,kacchapa,Kacchapa,Kacchapa,[Sk.kacchapa,dial.fr.*kaśyapa,orig.Ep of kumma,like magga of paṭipadā] a tortoise,turtle S.IV,177 (kummo kacchapo); in simile of the blind turtle (kāṇo k.) M.III,169=S.V,455; Th.2,500 (cp.J.P.T.S.1907,73,174).-f.<i>kacchapinī</i> a female t.Miln.67.<br><br> <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> “tortoise-sign,” i.e.fortune-telling on the ground of a tortoise being found in a painting or an ornament; a superstition included in the list of tiracchāna-vijjā D.I,9≈; DA.I,94.<i>--loma</i> “tortoise-hair,” i.e.an impossibility,absurdity J.III,477,cp.sasavisāṇa; °maya made of t.hair J.III,478.(Page 175),8,1
  5282. 203631,en,15,kacchapaka,kacchapaka,Kacchapaka,Kacchapaka,see hattha°.(Page 175),10,1
  5283. 203657,en,15,kacchaputa,kacchapuṭa,Kacchapuṭa,Kacchapuṭa,[see kaccha<sup>1</sup>] reed-basket,sling-basket,pingo,in <i>--vāṇija</i> a trader,hawker,pedlar J.I,111.(Page 175),10,1
  5284. 203667,en,15,kacchati,kacchati,Kacchati,Kacchati,<sup>1</sup> Pass.of katheti (ppr.kacchamāna A.III,181).-- 2.Pass.of karoti.(Page 175),8,1
  5285. 203672,en,15,kacchikara,kacchikāra,Kacchikāra,Kacchikāra,see <i>kacci°</i>.(Page 175),10,1
  5286. 203684,en,15,kacchu,kacchu,Kacchu,Kacchu,[Derivation uncertain,cp.Sk.kacchu,dial.for kharju:perhaps connected with khajjati,eating,biting] 1.the plant Carpopogon pruriens,the fruit of which causes itch when applied to the skin DhA.III,297 (mahā° --phalāni).-- 2.itch,scab,a cutaneous disease,usually in phrase kacchuyā khajjati “to be eaten by itch” (cp.E.itch›eat) Vin.I,202,296; J.V,207; Pv.II,3<sup>11</sup> (cp.kapi°); Vism.345; DhA.I,299.<br><br> <i>--cuṇṇa</i> the powdered fruit of Carpopogon pruriens,causing itch DhA.III,297.<i>--piḷakā</i> scab &#38; boils J.V,207.(Page 175),6,1
  5287. 203716,en,15,kacci,kacci,Kacci,Kacci, &#38; kaccid (indecl.) [Sk.kaccid=kad+cid,see kad°] indef.interrog.particle expressing doubt or suspense,equivalent to Gr.a)/n,Lat.ne,num,nonne:then perhaps; I doubt whether,I hope,I am not sure,etc.,Vin.I,158,350; D.I,50 (k.maṃ na vañcesi I hope you do not deceive me),106; S.III,120,125; Sn.335,354,p.87; J.I,103,279; V,373; DhA.II,39 (k.tumhe gatā “have you not gone,” answer:āma “yes”); PvA.27 (k.tan dānaṃ upakappati does that gift really benefit the dead?),178 (k.vo piṃḍapāto laddho have you received any alms?).Cp.kin.-- Often comb<sup>d</sup> with other indef.particles,e.g.kacci <i>nu</i> Vin.I,41; J.III,236; VI,542; k.<i>nu kho</i> “perhaps” (Ger.etwa,doch nicht) J.I,279; k.<i>pana</i> J.I,103.-- When followed by nu or su the original <i>d</i> reappears according to rules of Sandhi:<i>kaccinnu</i> J.II,133; V,174,348; VI,23; <i>kaccissu</i> Sn.1045,1079 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 186).(Page 175),5,1
  5288. 203723,en,15,kaccikara,kaccikāra,Kaccikāra,Kaccikāra,a kind of large shrub,the Caesalpina Digyna J.VI,535 (should we write with BB kacchi°?).(Page 175),9,1
  5289. 203731,en,15,kacin,kācin,Kācin,Kācin,(adj.) [fr.kāca<sup>1</sup>],only neg.<i>a°</i> free from quartz,free from grit,flawless Vv 60<sup>1</sup> (=niddosa VvA.253).(Page 203),5,1
  5290. 203737,en,15,kad°,kad°,Kad°,Kad°,[old form of interr.pron.nt.,equal to <i>kiṃ;</i> cp.(Vedic) kad in kadarthaṃ=kiṃarthaṃ to what purpose] orig.“what?” used adverbially; then indef.“any kind of,” as <i>(na) kac(--cana)</i> “not at all”; <i>kac-cid</i> “any kind of; is it anything? what then?” Mostly used in disparaging sense of showing inferiority,contempt,or defectiveness,and equal to <i>kā°</i> (in denoting badness or smallness,e.g.kākaṇika,kāpurisa,see also kantāra &#38; kappaṭa),<i>kiṃ°</i>,<i> ku</i>.<i>°</i> For relation of ku›ka cp.kutra› kattha &#38; kadā.<br><br> <i>--anna</i> bad food Kacc 178.<i>--asana</i> id.Kacc 178.<i>--dukkha</i> (?) great evil (=death) VvA.316 (expl<sup>d</sup> as maraṇa,cp.kaṭuka).(Page 184),4,1
  5291. 203748,en,15,kada,kadā,Kadā,Kadā,(indecl.) [Vedic kadā.Cp.tadā,sadā in Pali,and perhaps Latin quando].interr.adv.when? (very often foll.by fut.) Th.1,1091--1106; J.II,212; VI,46; DhA.I,33; PvA.2.-- Comb<sup>d</sup> with --ssu J.V,103,215; VI,49 sq.<i>--ci</i> [cid] indef.-- 1.at some time A.IV,101.-- 2.sometimes J.I,98; PvA.271.-- 3.once upon a time Dāvs.I,30.-- 4.perhaps,may be J.I,297; VI,364.+ <i>eva:</i> kadācideva VvA.213; <i>--kadāci kadāci</i> from time to time,every now and then J.I,216; IV,120; DhsA.238; PvA.253.<i>--kadāci karahaci</i> at some time or other,at times A.I,179; Miln.73; DhA.III,362.<i>--na kadāci</i> at no time,never S.I,66; J.V,434; VI,363; same with mā k° J.VI,310; Mhvs 25,113; cp.kudācana.--kadāc‹-› <i>--uppattika</i> (adj.) happening only sometimes,occasional Miln.114.(Page 185),4,1
  5292. 203766,en,15,kadala,kadala,Kadala,Kadala,(nt.) the plantain tree Kacc 335.(Page 185),6,1
  5293. 203777,en,15,kadali,kadalī,Kadalī,Kadalī,<sup>2</sup> (f.) a kind of deer,an antelope only in <i>°miga</i> J.V,406,416; VI,539; DA.I,87; and <i>°pavara-pacc.‹-› attharaṇa</i> (nt.) the hide of the k.deer,used as a rug or cover D.I,7=A.I,181=Vin.I,192=II.163,169; sim.D.II.187; (adj.) (of pallaṅka) A.I,137=III,50=IV.394.(Page 185),6,1
  5294. 203778,en,15,kadali,kadalī,Kadalī,Kadalī,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [Sk.kadalī] -- 1.the plantain,Musa sapientium.Owing to the softness and unsubstantiality of its trunk it is used as a frequent symbol of unsubstantiality,transitoriness and worthlessness.As the plantain or banana plant always dies down after producing fruit,is destroyed as it were by its own fruit,it is used as a simile for a bad man destroyed by the fruit of his own deeds:S.I,154=Vin.II,188=S.II,241=A.II,73 =DhA.III,156; cp.Miln.166; -- as an image of unsubstantiality,Cp.III,2<sup>4</sup>.The tree is used as ornament on great festivals:J.I,11; VI,590 (in simile),592; VvA.31.-- 2.a flag,banner,i.e.plantain leaves having the appearance of banners (-dhaja) J.V,195; VI,412.In cpds.<i>kadali°</i>.<br><br> <i>--khandha</i> the trunk of the plantain tree,often in similes as symbol of worthlessness,e.g.M.I,233= S.III,141=IV.167; Vism.479; Nd<sup>2</sup> 680 A<SUP>II</SUP>.; J.VI,442; as symbol of smoothness and beauty of limbs VvA.280; <i>--taru</i> the plantain tree Dāvs.V,49; <i>--toraṇa</i> a triumphal arch made of pl.stems and leaves Mhbv 169; <i>--patta</i> a pl.leaf used as an improvised plate to eat from J.V,4; DhA.I,59; <i>--phala</i> the fruit of the plantain J.V,37.(Page 185),6,1
  5295. 203893,en,15,kadamba,kadamba,Kadamba,Kadamba,(cp.Sk.kadamba] the kadamba tree,Nauclea cordifolia (with orange-coloured,fragrant blossoms) J.VI,535,539; Vism.206; DhA.I,309 (°puppha); Mhvs 25,48 (id.).(Page 185),7,1
  5296. 203904,en,15,kadamba,kādamba,Kādamba,Kādamba,[cp.Sk.kādamba] a kind of goose with grey wings J.V,420; VvA.163.(Page 203),7,1
  5297. 203917,en,15,kadambaka,kādambaka,Kādambaka,Kādambaka,made of Kadamba wood; also °ya for °ka; both at J.V,320.(Page 203),9,1
  5298. 203953,en,15,kadara,kadara,Kadara,Kadara,(adj.) miserable J.II,136 (expl<sup>d</sup> as lūkha,kasira).(Page 185),6,1
  5299. 203965,en,15,kadariya,kadariya,Kadariya,Kadariya,(adj.) [cp.Sk.kadarya,kad + arya?] mean,miserly,stingy,selfish; usually expl<sup>d</sup> by <i>thaddhamaccharī</i> (PvA.102; DhA.III,189,313),and mentioned with <i>maccharī</i>,freq.also with <i>paribhāsaka</i> S.I,34,96; A.II,59; IV,79 sq.; Dh.177,223; J.V,273; Sn.663; Vv 29<sup>5</sup>.As cause of Peta birth freq.in Pv.,e.g.I.9<sup>3</sup>; II,7<sup>7</sup>; IV,1<sup>48</sup>; PvA.25,99,236.-- (nt.) avarice,stinginess,selfishness,grouped under <i>macchariya</i> Dhs.1122; Sn.362 (with kodha).(Page 185),8,1
  5300. 203981,en,15,kadariyata,kadariyatā,Kadariyatā,Kadariyatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.last] stinginess,niggardliness D.II,243; Miln.180; PvA.45.(Page 185),10,1
  5301. 204007,en,15,kaddama,kaddama,Kaddama,Kaddama,[Derivation unknown.Sk.kardama] mud,mire,filth Nd<sup>2</sup> 374 (=paṅka); J.I,100; III,220 (written kadamo in verse and kaddemo in gloss); VI,240,390; PvA.189 (=paṅka),215; compared with moral im‹-› purities J.III,290 &#38; Miln.35.<i>a°</i> free from mud or dirt,clean Vin.II,201,of a lake J.III,289; fig.pure of character J.III,290.<i>kaddamīkata</i> made muddy or dirty,defiled J.VI,59 (kilesehi).<br><br> <i>--odaka</i> muddy water Vin.II,262; Vism.127.<i>--parikhā</i> a moat filled with mud,as a defence J.VI,390; <i>--bahula</i> (adj.) muddy,full of mud DhA.I,333; (Page 185),7,1
  5302. 204076,en,15,kaddhana,kaḍḍhana,Kaḍḍhana,Kaḍḍhana,(nt.).1.pulling,drawing Miln.231.‹-› 2.refusing,rejecting,renunciation,appl.to the selfdenial of missionary theras following Gotama Buddha’s example Mhvs 12,55.(Page 178),8,1
  5303. 204082,en,15,kaddhanaka,kaḍḍhanaka,Kaḍḍhanaka,Kaḍḍhanaka,(adj.) pulling,dragging J.V,260.(Page 178),10,1
  5304. 204094,en,15,kaddhati,kaḍḍhati,Kaḍḍhati,Kaḍḍhati,[dialect.form supposed to equal Sk.karṣati,cp.Prk.kaḍḍhai to pull,tear,khaḍḍā pit,dug-out.See also Bloomfield,J.A.O.S.XIV.1921 p.465.] 1.to draw out,drag,pull,tug J.I,193,225,265,273 (khaggaṃ k.to draw the sword).-- 2.to draw in,suck up (udakaṃ) J.IV,141.-- 3.to draw a line,to scratch J.I.78,111,123; VI,56 (lekhaṃ).(Page 178),8,1
  5305. 204143,en,15,kaham,kahaṃ,Kahaṃ,Kahaṃ,[cp.Vedic kuha; for a:u cp.kad°.] interr.adv.where? whither? Vin.I,217; D.I,151; Sn.p.106; J.II,7; III,76; V,440.-- k-nu kho where then? D.I,92; II,143,263.(Page 202),5,1
  5306. 204161,en,15,kahapana,kahāpaṇa,Kahāpaṇa,Kahāpaṇa,[doubtful as regards etym.; the (later) Sk.kārṣāpaṇa looks like an adaptation of a dial.form] 1.A square copper coin M.II,163; A.I,250; V,83 sq.; Vin.II,294; III,238; DhsA.280 (at this passage included under <i>rajataṃ</i>,silver,together with loha-māsaka,dārumāsaka and jatu-māsaka); S.I,82; A.I,250; Vin.II,294; IV,249; J.I,478,483; II,388; Mhvs 30<sup>14</sup>.The extant specimens in our museums weigh about 5/6 of a penny,and the purchasing power of a k.in our earliest records seems to have been about a florin.-- Frequent numbers as denoting a gift,a remuneration or alms,are 100,000 (J.II,96); 18 koṭis (J.I,92); 1,000 (J.II,277,431; V,128,217; PvA.153,161); 700 (J.III,343); 100 (DhA.III,239); 80 (PvA.102); 10 or 20 (DhA.IV,226); 8 (which is considered,socially,almost the lowest sum J.IV,138; I,483).A nominal fine of 1 k.(=a farthing) Miln.193.-- ekaṃ k° pi not a single farthing J.I,2; similarly eka-kahāpaṇen’eva Vism.312.-- Various qualities of a kahāpaṇa are referred to by Bdhgh in similes at Vism.437 and 515.Black kahāpaṇas are mentioned at DhA.III,254.-- See Rh.Davids,Ancient Measures of Ceylon; Buddh.India,pp.100--102,fig.24; Miln.trsl.I.239.<br><br> <i>--gabbha</i> a closet for storing money,a safe DhA.IV,104; <i>--vassa</i> a shower of money Dh.186 (=DhA.III,240).(Page 202),8,1
  5307. 204185,en,15,kahapanaka,kahāpaṇaka,Kahāpaṇaka,Kahāpaṇaka,(nt.) N.of a torture which consisted in cutting off small pieces of flesh,the size of a kahāpaṇa,all over the body,with sharp razors M.I,87=A.I,47,II.122; cp.Miln.97,290,358.(Page 202),10,1
  5308. 204277,en,15,kaja,kāja,Kāja,Kāja,=kāca<sup>2</sup>,i.e.carrying-pole M.III,148; J.I,9; III,325; V,200; Dpvs XII.3; Mhvs 5,24; DhA.IV,232.<br><br> <i>--koṭi</i> the end of a carrying-pole J.I,9; V,200.<i>--hāraka</i> a pingo-bearer DhA.IV,128.(Page 203),4,1
  5309. 204322,en,15,kajjala,kajjala,Kajjala,Kajjala,[Sk.kajjala,dial.fr.kad+jala,from jalati,<em>jval</em>,orig.burning badly or dimly,a dirty burn] lamp-black or soot,used as a collyrium Vin.II,50 (read k.for kapalla,cp.J.P.T.S.1887,167).(Page 175),7,1
  5310. 204327,en,15,kajjopakkamaka,kajjopakkamaka,Kajjopakkamaka,Kajjopakkamaka,a kind of gem Miln.118 (vajira k.phussarāga lohitaṅka).(Page 175),14,1
  5311. 204338,en,15,kaka,kāka,Kāka,Kāka,[onomat.,cp.Sk.kāka; for other onomat.relatives see note on gala] the crow; freq.in similes:S.I,124= Sn.448; J.I,164.Its thievish ways are described at DhA.III,352; said to have ten bad qualities A.V,149; J.I,342; III,126; kākā vā kulalā vā Vin.IV,40.-- As bird (of the dead) frequenting places of interment and cremation,often with other carcass-eating animals (sigāla,gijjha) Sn.201; PvA.198 (=dhaṅka); cp.kākoḷa.-- In cpds.often used derisively.-- f.<i>kākī</i> J.II,39,150; III,431.<br><br> <i>--āmasaka</i> “touching as much as a crow,” attr.of a person not enjoying his meals DhA.IV,16; DhsA.404; <i>--uṭṭepaka</i> a crow-scarer,a boy under fifteen,employed as such in the monastery grounds Vin.I,79 cp.371.<i>--opamā</i> the simile of the crow DhA.II,75.<i>--orava</i> “crow-cawing,” appl<sup>d</sup> to angry and confused words Vin.I,239,cp.IV.82; <i>--ôlūka</i> crows and owls J.II,351; DhA.I,50; Mhbv 15; <i>--guyha</i> (tall) enough to hide a crow (of young corn,yava) J.II,174; cp.J.trsl.II.122; <i>--nīḷa</i> a crow’s nest J.II,365; <i>--paññā</i> “crow-wisdom,” i.e.foolishness which leads to ruin through greed J.V,255,258; cp.VI,358; <i>--paṭṭanaka</i> a deserted village,inhabited only by crows J.VI,456; <i>--pāda</i> crow’s foot or footmark Vism.179 (as pattern); <i>--peyya</i> “(so full) that a crow can easily drink of it,” full to the brim,overflowing,of a pond:samatittika k° “with even banks and drinkable for crows” (i.e.with the water on a level with the land) D.I,244; S.II,134 (do.); D.II,89; M.I,435; A.III,27; J.II,174; Ud.90; cp.note to J.trsl.II.122; PvA.202.See also peyya.<i>--bhatta</i> “a crow’s meal,” i.e.remnants left from a meal thrown out for the crows J.II,149; <i>--vaṇṇa</i> “crow-coloured” N.of a king Mhvs 22<sup>11</sup>; <i>--vassa</i> the cry of a crow Vin.II,17; <i>--sīsa</i> the head of a crow J.II,351; as adj.:having a crow’s head,appl<sup>d</sup> to a fabulous flying horse D.II,174; cp.J.II,129; <i>--sūra</i> a “crow-hero,” appl.to a shameless,unconscientious fellow Dh.244; DhA.III,352; <i>--ssaraka</i> (having a voice) sounding like a crow Vin.I,115.(Page 202),4,1
  5312. 204354,en,15,kakaca,kakaca,Kakaca,Kakaca,[onomat.to sound root <em>kṛ</em>,cp.note on gala; Sk.krakaca] a saw Th.1,445; J.IV,30; V,52; VI,261; DA.I,212; in simile <i>°-ūpama ovāda</i> M.I,129.Another simile of the saw (a man sawing a tree) is found at Ps.I,171,quoted &#38; referred to at Vism.280,281.<br><br> <i>--khaṇḍa</i> fragment or bit of saw J.I,321.<i>--danta</i> tooth of a saw,DA.I,37 (kakaca-danta-pantiyaṃ kīḷamāna).(Page 173),6,1
  5313. 204383,en,15,kakacchati,kākacchati,Kākacchati,Kākacchati,[derived by Fausböll fr.<i>kās</i>,to cough; by Trenckner fr.<i>krath;</i> by Childers &#38; E.Müller fr.<i>kath;</i> should it not rather be a den.fr.kakaca a saw?] to snore Vin.IV,355; A.III,299; J.I,61,160 (=ghurughurûpassāsa; cp.DA.I,42 ghurû--ghurûpassāsī); I,318; VI,57; Miln.85; Vism.311.(Page 202),10,1
  5314. 204452,en,15,kakana,kākaṇa,Kākaṇa,Kākaṇa,(nt.) [kā (for kad°) + kaṇa=less than a particle] a coin of very small value Sdhp.514.(Page 202),6,1
  5315. 204477,en,15,kakanika,kākaṇikā,Kākaṇikā,Kākaṇikā,(f.)=prec.J.I,120,419; VI,346; DA.I,212; DhA.I,391; VvA.77=DhA.III,108.From the latter passages its monetary value in the opinion of the Commentator may be guessed at as being 1/8 of a kahāpaṇa; it occurs here in a descending line where each succeeding coin marks half the value of the preceding one,viz.,kahāpaṇa,aḍḍha,pāda,māsaka,kākaṇikā,upon which follows mudhā “for nothing.”<br><br> <i>--agghanaka</i> “not even a farthing’s worth,” worth next to nothing J.VI,346.(Page 202),8,1
  5316. 204501,en,15,kakantaka,kakaṇṭaka,Kakaṇṭaka,Kakaṇṭaka,the chameleon J.I,442,487; II,63; VI,346; VvA.258.(Page 173),9,1
  5317. 204673,en,15,kakka,kakka,Kakka,Kakka,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.karka) a kind of gem; a precious stone of yellowish colour VvA.111.(Page 174),5,1
  5318. 204674,en,15,kakka,kakka,Kakka,Kakka,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.kalka,also kalaṅka &#38; kalusa] a sediment deposited by oily substances,when ground; a paste Vin.I,205 (tila°),255.Three kinds enumerated at J.VI,232:sāsapa° (mustard-paste),mattika° (fragrant earth-paste,cp.Fuller’s earth),tila° (sesamum paste).At DA.I,88,a fourth paste is given as haliddi°,used before the application of face powder (poudre de riz,mukha-cuṇṇa).Cp.kakku.(Page 173),5,1
  5319. 204691,en,15,kakkara,kakkara,Kakkara,Kakkara,[onomat,cp.Sk.kṛkavāku cock,Gr.kέrkac,kerkiζ,Lat.querquedula,partridge; sound-root<em> kṛ</em>,see note on gala] a jungle cock used as a decoy J.II,162,purāṇa°,II.161; cp.dīpaka<sup>1</sup> &#38; see Kern,Toev.p.118:K°-Jātaka,N° 209.(Page 174),7,1
  5320. 204702,en,15,kakkarata,kakkaratā,Kakkaratā,Kakkaratā,(f.) roughness,harshness,deceitfulness,Pug.19,23.(Page 174),9,1
  5321. 204706,en,15,kakkareti,kakkāreti,Kakkāreti,Kakkāreti,[*kaṭ-kāreti to make kaṭ,see note on gala for sound-root <em>kṛ</em> &#38; cp.khaṭakhaṭa] to make the sound kak,to half choke J.II,105.(Page 174),9,1
  5322. 204722,en,15,kakkarika,kakkārika,Kakkārika,Kakkārika,(and <i>°uka</i>) [fr.karkaru] a kind of cucumber Vv 33<sup>28</sup>=eḷāluka VvA.147.(Page 174),9,1
  5323. 204727,en,15,kakkariya,kakkariya,Kakkariya,Kakkariya,(nt.) harshness,Pug.19,23.(Page 174),9,1
  5324. 204732,en,15,kakkaru,kakkaru,Kakkaru,Kakkaru,a kind of creeper (°jātāni=valliphalāni) J.VI,536.(Page 174),7,1
  5325. 204737,en,15,kakkaru,kakkāru,Kakkāru,Kakkāru,(Sk.karkāru,connected with karkaṭaka] 1.a pumpkin-gourd,the Beninkasa Cerifera J.VI,536:kakkārujātāni=valliphalāni (reading kakkaru to be corr.).-- 2.a heavenly flower J.III,87,88=dibbapuppha (Page 174),7,1
  5326. 204767,en,15,kakkasa,kakkasa,Kakkasa,Kakkasa,(adj.) [Sk.karkaśa to root <em>kṛ </em>as in kakkaṭaka] rough,hard,harsh,esp.of speech (vācā para-kaṭukā Dhs.1343),M.I,286=Dhs.1343; A.V,265=283,293; DhsA.396.-- akakkasa:smooth Sn.632; J.III,282; V,203,206,405,406 (cp.J.P.T.S.1891--93,13); akakkasaṅga,with smooth limbs,handsome,J.V,204.(Page 174),7,1
  5327. 204778,en,15,kakkassa,kakkassa,Kakkassa,Kakkassa,roughness Sn.328,Miln.252.(Page 174),8,1
  5328. 204788,en,15,kakkata,kakkaṭa,Kakkaṭa,Kakkaṭa,a large deer (?) J.VI,538 (expl<sup>d</sup> as mahāmiga).(Page 174),7,1
  5329. 204800,en,15,kakkataka,kakkaṭaka,Kakkaṭaka,Kakkaṭaka,[cp.Sk.karkaṭa,karkara “hard,” kaṅkata “mail”; cp.Gr.karki/nos &#38; Lat.cancer; also B.Sk.kakkaṭaka hook] a crab S.I,123; M.I,234; J.I,222; Vv 54<sup>6</sup> (VvA.243,245); DhA.III,299 (mama ...kakkaṭakassa viya akkhīni nikkhamimsu,as a sign of being in love).Cp.kakkhaḷa.<br><br> <i>--nala</i> a kind of sea-reed of reddish colour,J.IV,141; also a name for coral,ibid.<i>--magga</i> fissures in canals; frequented by crabs,DhsA.270.<i>--yantaka</i> a ladder with hooks at one end for fastening it to a wall,Mhvs IX.17.<i>--rasa</i> a flavour made from crabs,crab-curry,VvA.243.(Page 174),9,1
  5330. 204843,en,15,kakkhala,kakkhaḷa,Kakkhaḷa,Kakkhaḷa,[kakkhaṭa,cp.Sk.karkara=P.kakkaṭaka] 1.rough,hard,harsh (lit. &#38; fig.) Dhs.648 (opp.<i>muduka</i> Dhs.962 (rūpaṃ paṭhavīdhātu:kakkhalaṃ kharagataṃ kakkhaḷattaṃ kakkhaḷabhāvo); Vism.349 (=thaddha),591,592 (°lakkhaṇa); DhA.II,95; IV,104; Miln.67,112; PvA.243 (=<i>asaddha</i>,<i> akkosakāraka</i>,opp.<i>muduka</i>); VvA.138 (=pharusa).-- 2.cruel,fierce,pitiless J.I,187,266; II,204; IV162,427.<i>Akakkhaḷa</i> not hard or harsh,smooth,pleasant DhsA.397.<i>--°vacata</i>,kind speech,ibid.(=<i>apharusa °vācatā mudu°</i>).<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> hard speech,cruel words J.VI,561.<i>--kamma</i> cruelty,atrocity J.III,481.<i>--bhāva</i> rigidity Dhs.962 (see kakkhala) MA 21; harshness,cruelty J.III,480.<i>a°</i> absence of hardness or rigidity DhsA.151.(Page 174),8,1
  5331. 204910,en,15,kakkhalata,kakkhaḷatā,Kakkhaḷatā,Kakkhaḷatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.prec.] hardness,rigidity,Dhs.859; Vbh.82; J.V,167; DhsA.166.-<i>akakkhaḷatā</i> absence of roughness,pleasantness Dhs.44,45,324,640,728,859; DhsA.151; VvA.214 (=saṇha).(Page 174),10,1
  5332. 204920,en,15,kakkhalatta,kakkhalatta,Kakkhalatta,Kakkhalatta,(nt.) hardness,roughness,harshness Vin.II,86; Vbh.82; Vism.365; cp.M.Vastu I.166:kakkhaṭatva.(Page 174),11,1
  5333. 204933,en,15,kakkhaliya,kakkhaḷiya,Kakkhaḷiya,Kakkhaḷiya,hardness,rigidity,roughness,Vbh.350.(Page 174),10,1
  5334. 204944,en,15,kakkola,kakkola,Kakkola,Kakkola,see takkola.(Page 174),7,1
  5335. 204946,en,15,kakkotaka,kakkoṭaka,Kakkoṭaka,Kakkoṭaka,(?) KhA 38,spelt <i>takk°</i> at Vism.258.(Page 174),9,1
  5336. 204950,en,15,kakku,kakku,Kakku,Kakku,[cp.kakka=kalka] a powder for the face,slightly adhesive,used by ladies,J.V,302 where 5 kinds are enum<sup>d</sup>:sāsapa°,loṇa°,mattika°,tila°,haliddi°.(Page 174),5,1
  5337. 204966,en,15,kakola,kākola,Kākola,Kākola,and Kākoḷa [Onomat.The Lit.Sk.has the same form] a raven,esp.in his quality as bird of prey,feeding on carrion (cp.kāka) J.III,246 (=vanakāka); V,268,270 (gijjha k° ā ca ayomukhā ...khādanti naraṃ kibbisakārinaṃ); VI,566.<br><br> --gaṇā (pl.) flocks of ravens Sn.675; VV52<sup>15</sup> (=VvA.227).(Page 202),6,1
  5338. 204999,en,15,kaku,kaku,Kaku,Kaku,[Brh.kakud,cp.kākud hollow,curvature,Lat.cacumen, &#38; cumulus] a peak,summit,projecting corner S.I,100 (where satakkatu in Text has to be corrected to satakkaku:megho thanayaṃ vijjumālā satakkaku.Com.expl<sup>n</sup> <i>sikhara</i>,<i> kūṭa</i>) A.III,34 (=AA 620~kūṭa).Cp.satakkaku &#38; Morris,J.P.T.S.1891--93,5.(Page 173),4,1
  5339. 205022,en,15,kakudha,kakudha,Kakudha,Kakudha,[cp.Sk.kakuda,and kaku above] 1.the hump on the shoulders of an Indian bull J.II,225; J.VI,340.‹-› 2.a cock’s comb:see sīsa kakudha.-- 3.a king’s symbol or emblem (nt.) J.V,264.There are 5 such insignia regis,regalia:s.kakudha-bhaṇḍa.-- 4.a tree,the Terminalia Arjuna,Vin.I,28; J.VI,519; kakudharukkha DhA.IV,153.Note.On pakudha as twin-form of ka° see Trenckner,J.P.T.S.1908,108.<br><br> <i>--phala</i> the fruit of the kakudha tree Mhvs XI.14,where it is also said to be a kind of pearl; see mutta.<i>--bhaṇḍa</i> ensign of royalty J.I,53; IV,151; V,289 (=sakāyura).The 5 regalia (as mentioned at J.V,264) are vāḷavījanī,uṇhīsa,khagga,chatta,pādukā:the fan,diadem,sword,canopy,slippers.-- pañcavidha-k° PvA.74.(Page 173),7,1
  5340. 205060,en,15,kakuta,kakuṭa,Kakuṭa,Kakuṭa,a dove,pigeon,only in cpds.:<br><br> <i>--pāda</i> dove-footed (i.e.having beautiful feet) DhA.I,119; f.<i>pādī</i> appl.to Apsaras,J.II,93; DhA.I,119; Miln.169.(Page 173),6,1
  5341. 205070,en,15,kakutthaka,kakutthaka,Kakutthaka,Kakutthaka,see ku°.(Page 173),10,1
  5342. 205092,en,15,kala,kalā,Kalā,Kalā,[Vedic kalā <i>*squel</i>,to Lat scalpo,Gr.skaλlw,Ohg scolla,scilling,scala.The Dhtp.(no 613) expl<sup>s</sup> kala by “saṅkhyāne.”] 1.a small fraction of a whole,generally the 16th part; the 16th part of the moon’s disk; often the 16th part again subdivided into 16 parts and so on:one infinitesimal part (see VvA.103; DhA.II,63),in this sense in the expression kalaṃ nâgghati soḷasiṃ “not worth an infinitesimal portion of”=very much inferior to S.I,19; III,156=V.44=It.20; A.I,166,213; IV,252; Ud.11; Dh.70; Vv 43<sup>7</sup>; DhA.II,63 (=koṭṭhāsa) DhA.IV,74.-- 2.an art,a trick (lit.part,turn) J.I,163.-kalaṃ upeti to be divided or separated Miln.106; DhA.I,119; see sakala.-- In cpd.with bhū as kalī <i>--bhavati</i> to be divided,broken up J.I,467 (=bhijjati).Cp.vikala.(Page 198),4,1
  5343. 205108,en,15,kala,kāla,Kāla,Kāla,(and Kāḷa) -- Preliminary.1.dark (syn.kaṇha,which cp.for meaning and applications),black,blueblack,misty,cloudy.Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light,and it is therefore characteristic of all phenomena or beings belonging to the realm of darkness,as the night,the new moon,death,ghosts,etc.-- There are two etymologies suggestible,both of which may have been blended since IndoAryan times:(a) kāla=Sk.kāla,blue-black,kālī black cloud from *qāl (with which conn.*qel in kalaṅka,spot,kalusa dirty,kammāsa speckled,Gr.kelainόs,Mhg.hilwe mist)=Lat.cālidus spot,Gr.khliζ spot,and khlaζ dark cloud; cp.Lat.cālīgo mist,fog,darkness.-- (b) see below,under note.-- Hence.2.the morning mist,or darkness preceding light,daybreak,morning (cp.E.morning=Goth.maúrgins twilight,Sk.marka eclipse,darkness; and also gloaming= gleaming=twilight),then:time in general,esp.a fixed time,a point from or to which to reckon,i.e.term or terminus (a quo or ad quem).-- Note.The definition of colour-expressions is extremely difficult.To a primitive colour-sense the principal difference worthy of notation is that between dark and light,or dull and bright,which in their expressions,however,are represented as complements for which the same word may be used in either sense of the complementary part (dark for light and vice versa,cp.E.gleam › gloom).All we can say is that kāla belongs to the group of expressions for dark which may be represented simultaneously by black,blue,or brown.That on the other hand,black,when polished or smooth,supplies also the notion of “shining” is evidenced by kāḷa and kaṇha as well,as e.g.by *skei in Sk.chāyā=Gr.skiά shadow as against Ags.h&amacremacr;ven “blue” (E.heaven) and Ohg.skīnan,E.to shine and sky.The psychological value of a colour depends on its light-reflecting (or lightabsorbing) quality.A bright black appears lighter (reflects more light) than a dull grey,therefore a polished (añjana) black (=sukāḷa) may readily be called “brilliant.” In the same way kāla,combined with other colour-words of black connotation does not need to mean “black,” but may mean simply a kind of black,i.e.brown.This depends on the semasiological contrast or equation of the passage in question.Cp.Sk.śyāma (dark-grey) and śyāva (brown) under kāsāya.That the notion of the speckled or variegated colour belongs to the sphere of black,is psychologically simple (:dark specks against a light ground,cp.kammāsa),and is also shown by the second etymology of kāla=Sk.śāra,mottled,speckled=Lat.cærulus,black-blue and perhaps cælum “the blue” (cp.heaven)=Gr.khruλos the blue ice-bird.(On k › s cp.kaṇṇa › śṛṇga,kilamati › śramati,kilissati › <i>ślis°</i>,etc.) The usual spelling of kāla as kāḷa indicates a connection of the ḷ with the r of śāra.-- The definition of kāḷa as jhām’aṅgārasadisa is conventional and is used both by Bdhgh.and Dhpāla:DhsA.317 and PvA.90.<br><br> 1.<i>Kāḷa</i>,dark,black,etc.,in enum<sup>n</sup> of colours Vv 22<sup>1</sup> (see VvA.111).na kāḷo samaṇo Gotamo,na pi sāmo:maṅgura-cchavi samano G.“The ascetic Gotamo is neither black nor brown:he is of a golden skin” M.I,246; similarly as kāḷī vā sāmā vā maṅguracchavī vā of a kalyāṇī,a beautiful woman at D.I,193= M.II.40; kāḷa-sāma at Vin.IV,120 is to be taken as dark-grey.-- Of the dark half of the month:see °pakkha,or as the new moon:āgame kāḷe “on the next new moon day” Vin.I,176.-- of Petas:Pv.II,4<sup>1</sup> (kāḷī f.); PvA.56<sup>1</sup> (°rūpa); of the dog of Yama (°sunakha) PvA.151.-- In other conn<sup>n</sup>:kāḷavaṇṇa-bhūmi darkbrown (i.e.fertile) soil Vin.I,48=II.209.<br><br> <i>--añjana</i> black collyrium VinI .203; <i>--ânusārī</i> black,(polished?) Anusāri (“a kind of dark,fragrant sandal wood” Vin.Texts II.51) Vin.I,203; S.III,156=V.44= A.V,22; <i>--ayasa</i> black (dark) iron (to distinguish it from bronze,Rh.D.,Miln.trsl.II.364; cp.blacksmith › silversmith) Miln.414,415; <i>--kañjaka</i> a kind of Asuras,Titans D.III,7; J.V,187; PvA.272; <i>--kaṇṇī</i> “black-cared,” as an unlucky quality.Cp.III,6<sup>11</sup>; J.I,239; IV,189; V,134,211; VI,347; DhA.I,307; II,26; the vision of the “black-eared” is a bad omen,which spoils the luck of a hunter,e.g.at DhA.III,31 (referring here to the sight of a bhikkhu); as “witch” PvA.272; DhA.III,38,181; as k-k.sakuṇa,a bird of ill omen J.II,153; <i>--kaṇṇika</i>= prec.; <i>--kabara</i> spotted,freckled J.VI,540; <i>--kesa</i> (adj.) with glossy or shiny hair,by itself (kāḷa-kesa) rare,e.g.at J.VI,578; usually in cpd.susukāḷa-kesa “having an over-abundance of brilliant hair” said of Gotama.This was afterwards applied figuratively in the description of his parting from home,rising to a new life,as it were,possessed of the full strength and vigour of his manhood (as the rising Sun).Cp.the Shamash-Saga,which attributes to the Sun a wealth of shiny,glossy (=polished,dark) hair (=rays),and kāḷa in this connection is to be interpreted just as kaṇha (q.v.) in similar combinations (e.g.as Kṛṣṇa Hṛṣīkesa or Kesavā).On this feature of the Sun-god and various expressions of it see ample material in Palmer,The Samson Saga pp.33--46.-- The double application of su° does not offer any difficulty,sukāḷa is felt as a simplex in the same way as eu)plokamόs or duh° in comb<sup>ns</sup> like sudubbala PvA.149,sudullabha VvA.20.Bdhgh.already interprets the cpd.in this way (DA.I,284=suṭṭhu-k°,<i>añjana-vaṇṇa</i> k° va hutvā; cp.kaṇh-añjana J.V,155).Cp.also siniddha-nīla-mudu-kuñcita-keso J.I,89,and sukaṇhakaṇha J.V,202.- susukāḷakesa of others than the Buddha:M.II,66.Modern editors and lexicographers see in susu° the Sk.śiśu young of an animal,cub,overlooking the semantical difficulty involved by taking it as a separate word.This mistake has been applied to the compound at all the passages where it is found,and so we find the reading susu kāḷakeso at M.I,82=A.II,22 =J.II,57; M.I,163=A.I,68=S.I,9,117; also in <i>Childers’</i>(relying on Burnouf),or even susū k° at S.IV,111; the only passages showing the right reading susu-k° are D.I,115,M.I,463.Konow under susu J.P.T.S.1909,212 has both.<i>--kokila</i> the black (brown) cuckoo VvA.57; <i>--jallika</i> (kāḷi° for kāḷa°) having black drops or specks (of dirt) A.I,253; <i>--daṇḍa</i> a black staff,Sdhp.287 (attr.to the messengers of Yama,cp.Yama as having a black stick at Śat.Br.xi.6,1,7 and 13); <i>--pakkha</i> the dark side,i.e.moonless fortnight of the month A.II,18; --° cātuddasī the 14th day of the dark fortnight PvA.55; --° ratti a moonless night VvA.167; (opp.dosina r.) <i>--meyya</i> a sort of bird J.VI,539; <i>--loṇa</i> black (dark) salt Vin.I,202 (Bdhgh.pakati-loṇa,natural salt); <i>--loha</i> “black metal,” iron ore Miln.267; <i>--valli</i> a kind of creeper Vism.36,183.<i>--sīha</i> a special kind of lion J.IV,208.<i>--sutta</i> a black thread or wire,a carpenter’s measuring line J.II,405; Miln.413; also N.of a Purgatory (nivaya) J.V,266.See Morris J.P.T.S.1884,76--78; <i>--hatthin</i> “black elephant,” an instrument of torture in Avīci Sdhp.195.<br><br> 2.<i>Kāla</i> time,etc.(a) Morning:kāle early Pv.II,9<sup>41</sup> (=pāto PvA.128),kālassa in the morning (Gen.of time),early VvA.256.Cp.paccūsa-kāle at dawn DhA.III,242.Opposed to evening or night in kāḷena in the morning Pv.I,6<sup>3</sup> (opp.sāyaṃ).Kāle juṇhe by day and by night Nd<sup>2</sup> 631.-- (b) time in general:gacchante gacchante kāle in course of time DhA.I,319; evaṃ gacchante kāle as time went on PvA.54,75,127,etc.--kālaṃ for a time Vin.I,176 (spelt kāḷaṃ); kañci kālaṃ some time yet VvA.288; ettakaṃ kālaṃ for a long time PvA.102.-kālena kālaṃ (1) from time to time PvA.151; VvA.255,276; -- (2) continuously,constantly A.IV,45; Pug.11 (+samayena samayaṃ); D.I,74 (:but expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,218 by kāle kāle in the sense of “every fortnight or every ten days”).<i>kāle</i> in (all) time,always (cp.ai)ei/) Sn.73 (expl.in Nd<sup>2</sup> by niccakāle under sadā; but at SnA 128 by phāsu-kālena “in good time”); <i>--kāle kāle</i> from time to time,or repeatedly VvA.352.See also cira°,sabba°.-- (c) Time in special,either (1) appointed time,date,fixed time,or (2) suitable time,proper time,good time,opportunity.Cp.Gr.kairiζ and w(=ra; or (3) time of death,death.‹-› (1) Mealtime:PvA.25; VvA.6; esp.in phrase kālo bho Gotamo,niṭṭhitaṃ bhattaṃ “it is time,Gotama,the meal is ready” D.I,119=226; Sn.p.111; and in <i>kālaṃ āroceti</i> or <i>ārocāpeti</i> he announces the time (for dinner) D.I,109,226; Sn.p.111; PvA.22,141; VvA.173.--date:<i>kālato</i> from the date or day of ...,e.g.diṭṭha° paṭṭhāya “from the day that she first saw her” VvA.206; gihī° paṭṭhāya “from the day of being a layman” PvA.13.(2) proper time,right time:also season,as in <i>utu°</i> favourable time (of the year) Vin.I,299; II,173; kālaṃ jānāti “he knows the proper time” <I>A.IV</I>,114; as cattāro kālā,four opportunities A.II,140; yassa kālaṃ maññasi for what you think it is time (to go),i.e.goodbye D.I,106,189,etc.The 3 times of the cycle of existence are given at Vism.578 as past,present,and future.--<i>kāla°</i> (adj.) in (due) time,timely Vism.229 (°maraṇa timely death).-- Opp.<i>akāla</i> (it is the) wrong time or inopportune D.I,205; akāla-cārin going (begging) at the improper time Sn.386.akālamegha a cloud arising unexpectedly (at the wrong time) Miln.144.--<i>kāle</i> at the proper time,with <i>vikāle</i> (opp.) Vin.I,199,200; J.II,133; Sn.386.<i>akāle</i> in the wrong season VvA.288.<i>kālena</i> in proper time,at the right moment A.II,140; Sn.326,387 (=yutta kālena SnA 374); Pv.I,5<sup>3</sup> (=ṭhitakālena PvA.26); Pug.50; It.42; KhA 144 (=khaṇena samayena).Cp.vikāla.(3) The day,as appointed by fate or kamma,point of time (for death,cp.Vism.236),the “last hour,” cp.h)mar,illa dies.So in the meaning of death appl<sup>d</sup> not only to this earthly existence,but to all others (peta°,deva°,etc.) as well,in phrase <i>kālaṃ karoti</i> “he does his time=he has fulfilled his time” Vin.III,80; Sn.343,DhA.I,70; and frequently elsewhere; cp.--kata,--kiriyā.-- As death in kālaṃ kaṅkhati to await the appointed time S.I,187; Sn.516 (cp.kaṅkhati) and in der<sup>n</sup> kālika.-- Other examples for this use of kāla see under bhatta°,yañña°,vappa°.<br><br> <i>--antara</i> interval,period:kālantarena in a little while PvA.13; na kālantare at once PvA.19; <i>--kata</i> (adj.) dead Sn.586,590; in comb<sup>n</sup> petā kālakatā “the Petas who have fulfilled their (earthly) time Sn.807; Pv.I,5<sup>7</sup>; I,12<sup>1</sup>.Also as <i>kālaṅkata</i> Pv.II,7<sup>9</sup>; Vv 80<sup>9</sup>; Vism.296.<i>--kiriyā</i> death (often comb<sup>d</sup> with maraṇa) M.II,108; A.I,22,77,261 (as bhaddikā,cp.A.III,293); IV,320; Sn.694; Pv.I,10<sup>12</sup> (of a Petī who has come to the end of her existence); DhA.II,36; IV,77.<i>--gata</i>=°kata PvA.29,40.<i>--ññū</i> knowing the proper time for ...(c.Dat.or Loc.) Sn.325; described at A.IV,113 sq.; as one of the five qualities of a rājā cakkavattī (viz.atthaññū,dhamma°,matta°,k°,parisa°) A.III,148; one of the seven qual.of a sappurisa,a good man (=prec.+atta°,puggala°) D.III,252,283; as quality of the Tathāgata D.III,134=Nd<sup>2</sup> 276; Pug.50.<i>--ññutā</i> n.abstr.to prec.A.II,101; <i>--(p)pavedana</i> announcement of death (-time) Th.1,563=J.I,118=Vism.389=DhA.I,248.<i>--bhojana</i> in a° eating at the improper time S.V,470; <i>--vādin</i> speaking at the proper time,in formula kāla° bhūta° attha° dhamma° vinaya° under sīla No.7:D.I,4; III,175; DA.I,76; A.II,22,209; Pug.58; <i>--vipassin</i> considering the right moment,taking the opportunity It.41.<i>--sataṃ</i> (°sahassaṃ,etc.) a hundred (thousand,etc.) times Vism.243.(Page 210),4,1
  5344. 205128,en,15,kala,kāḷa,Kāḷa,Kāḷa,see kāla 1.(Page 212),4,1
  5345. 205159,en,15,kalabha,kalabha,Kalabha,Kalabha,[cp.Sk.kalabha] the young of an elephant:see <i>hatthi°</i> and cp.<i>kalāra</i>.(Page 198),7,1
  5346. 205188,en,15,kalabuka,kalābuka,Kalābuka,Kalābuka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kalāpaka] a girdle,made of several strings or bands plaited together Vin.II,136,144,319; (Page 199),8,1
  5347. 205308,en,15,kalaha,kalaha,Kalaha,Kalaha,[cp.Sk.kalaha,fr.<em>kal</em>] quarrel,dispute,fight A.I,170; IV,196,401; Sn.862,863 (+vivāda); J.I,483; Nd<sup>2</sup> 427; DhA.III,256 (udaka° about the water); IV,219; Sdhp.135.°ṃ udīreti to quarrel J.V,395; karoti id.J.I,191,404; PvA.13; vaḍḍheti to increase the tumult,noise J.V,412; DhA.III,255.-- <i>a°</i> harmony,accord,agreement S.I,224; mahā° a serious quarrel,a row J.IV,88.<br><br> <i>--âbhirata</i> delighting in quarrels,quarrelsome Sn.276; Th.1,958.<i>--ṅkara</i> picking up a quarrel J.VI,45; <i>--karaṇa</i> quarrelling,fighting J.V,413; <i>--kāraka</i> (f.-ī) quarrelsome,pugnacious A.IV,196; Vin.I,328; II,1; <i>--kāraṇa</i> the cause or reason of a dispute J.III,151; VI,336; <i>--jāta</i> “to whom a quarrel has arisen,” quarrelling,disputing A.I,70; Vin.I,341; II,86,261; Ud.67; J.III,149; <i>--pavaḍḍhanī</i> growth or increase of quarrels,prolongation of strife (under 6 evils arising from intemperance) D.III,182=DhsA.380; <i>--vaḍḍhana</i> (nt.) inciting &#38; incitement to quarrel J.V,393,394; <i>--sadda</i> brawl,dispute J.VI,336.(Page 198),6,1
  5348. 205409,en,15,kalaka,kāḷaka,Kāḷaka,Kāḷaka,(adj.) [fr.kāḷa] black,stained; in enumeration of colours at Dhs.617 (of rūpa) with nīla,pītaka,lohitaka,odāta,k°,mañjeṭṭha; of a robe A.II,241; f.kāḷikā VvA.103; -- (nt.) a black spot,a stain,also a black grain in the rice,in apagata° without a speck or stain (of a clean robe) D.I,110=A.IV,186=210=213; <i>vicita°</i> (of rice) “with the black grains removed” D.I,105; A.IV,231; Miln.16; <i>vigata°</i> (same) A.III,49.-- A black spot (of hair) J.V,197 (=kaṇha-r-iva).-- Fig.of character DhA.IV,172.(Page 212),6,1
  5349. 205459,en,15,kalakala,kalakala,Kalakala,Kalakala,(adj.) [cp.Sk.kala] any indistinct and confused noise Mhbv 23 (of the tramping of an army); in <i>--mukhara</i> sounding confusedly (of the ocean) ibid.18.Cp.karakarā.(Page 198),8,1
  5350. 205628,en,15,kalala,kalala,Kalala,Kalala,(m.nt.) 1.mud J.I,12,73; Miln.125,324,346; Mhbv 150; PvA.215 (=kaddama); DhA.III,61; IV,25.-- <i>su°</i> “well-muddied” i.e.having soft soil (of a field) Miln.255.-- 2.the residue of sesamum oil (tela°),used for embalming J.II,155.-- 3.in Embryology:the “soil,” the placenta S.I,206=Kvu II.494; Miln.125.Also the first stage in the formation of the fœtus (of which the first 4 during the first month are k.,abbuda,pesi,ghana,after which the stages are counted by months 1--5 &#38; 10; see Vism.236; Nd<sup>1</sup> 120; &#38; cp.Miln.40).-- 4.the fœtus,appl.to an egg,i.e.the yolk Miln.49.-- In cpds with kar &#38; bhū the form is kalalī°.<br><br> <i>--gata</i> (a) fallen into the mud Miln.325; <i>--gahaṇa</i> “mud thicket,” dense mud at the bottom of rivers or lakes J.I,329; <i>--kata</i> made muddy,disturbed Vv 84<sup>31</sup> (VvA.343); <i>--bhūta</i>=prec.,A.I,9,cp.J.II,100; A.III,233; Miln.35; <i>--makkhita</i> soiled with mud DhA.III,61.(Page 198),6,1
  5351. 205753,en,15,kalamba,kalamba,Kalamba,Kalamba,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kalamba menispermum calumba,kalambī convolvulus repens] N.of a certain herb or plant (Convolv.repens?); may be a bulb or radish J.IV,46 (=tālakanda),cp.p.371,373 (where C expl<sup>s</sup> by tāla-kanda; gloss BB however gives latā-tanta); VI,578.See also <i>kaḍamba </i>&<i> kaḷimba</i>.<br><br> <i>--rukkha</i> the Cadamba tree J.VI,290.(Page 198),7,1
  5352. 205764,en,15,kalambaka,kalambaka,Kalambaka,Kalambaka,=kalamba,the C.tree J.VI,535.(Page 198),9,1
  5353. 205779,en,15,kalambuka,kalambukā,Kalambukā,Kalambukā,(f.)=kalambaka D.III,87 (vv.ll.kaladukā,kalabakā) the trsl<sup>n</sup> (Dial.III,84) has “bamboo.” (Page 198),9,1
  5354. 205828,en,15,kalanda,kalanda,Kalanda,Kalanda,[cp.Sk.karaṇḍa piece of wood?] heap,stack (like a heap of wood? cp.kalingara) Miln.292 (sīsa°).(Page 198),7,1
  5355. 205840,en,15,kalandaka,kalandaka,Kalandaka,Kalandaka,1.a squirrel Miln.368; -- 2.an (ornamental) cloth or mat,spread as a seat J.VI,224; <i>--nivāpa</i> N.of a locality in Veḷuvana,near Rājagaha,where oblations had been made to squirrels D.II,116; Vin.I,137; II,105,290,etc.(Page 198),9,1
  5356. 206014,en,15,kalapa,kalāpa,Kalāpa,Kalāpa,[cp.Sk.kalāpa] 1.anything that comprises a number of things of the same kind; a bundle,bunch; sheaf; a row,multitude; usually of grass,bamboo- or sugar-canes,sometimes of hair and feathers S.IV,290 (tiṇa°); J.I,158 (do.); 25 (naḷa°),51 (mālā°),100 (uppalakumuda°); V,39 (usīra°); Miln.33; PvA.257,260 (ucchu°),272 (veḷu°); 46 (kesā),142 (mora-piñja°) -- 2.a quiver Vin.II,192; It.68; J.VI,236; Miln.418; PvA.154,169.-- 3.in philosophy:a group of qualities,pertaining to the material body (cp.rūpa°) Vism.364 (dasadhamma°) 626 (phassa-pañcamakā dhammā); Bdhd 77 (rūpa°) 78,120.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> (nt.) “the first (of the) bunch,” the first (sheaves) of a crop,given away as alms DhA.I,98.<i>--sammasanā</i> grasping (characteristics) by groups Vism.287,606,626 sq.(Page 198),6,1
  5357. 206056,en,15,kalapaka,kalāpaka,Kalāpaka,Kalāpaka,1.a band,string (of pearls) Vin.II,315; Mhvs 30,67.-- 2.a bundle,group J.I,239.(Page 199),8,1
  5358. 206185,en,15,kalapin,kalāpin,Kalāpin,Kalāpin,(adj.) [fr.kalāpa] having a quiver J.VI,49 (Acc.pl.°ine).f.kalāpinī a bundle,sheaf (yava°) S.IV,201; II,114 (naḷa°).(Page 199),7,1
  5359. 206215,en,15,kalara,kalāra,Kalāra,Kalāra,in hatthi° at Ud.41,expl<sup>d</sup> in C by potaka,but cp.the same passage at DhA.I,58 which reads kalabha,undoubtedly better.Cp.kaḷārikā.(Page 199),6,1
  5360. 206219,en,15,kalara,kaḷāra,Kaḷāra,Kaḷāra,(adj.) [cp.Sk.karāla projecting (of teeth),whereas kaḍāra means tawny] always referring to teeth:with long,protruding teeth,of Petas (cp.attr.of the dog of the “Underworld” PvA.152:tikhiṇâyatakaṭhina-dāṭho and the figure of the witch in fairy-tales) J.V,91 (=nikkhantadanto); VI,548 (=sūkara-dāṭhehi samannāgato p.549); Pv.II,4<sup>1</sup> (=k°-danto PvA.90).(Page 200),6,1
  5361. 206254,en,15,kalarika,kaḷārikā,Kaḷārikā,Kaḷārikā,(f.) [fr.last,lit.with protruding teeth] a kind of large (female) elephant M 1.178 (so read with v.l.for kāḷ°).Cp.kalāra.(Page 200),8,1
  5362. 206256,en,15,kalarika,kāḷārika,Kāḷārika,Kāḷārika,see kaḷārika.(Page 212),8,1
  5363. 206274,en,15,kalasa,kalasa,Kalasa,Kalasa,(nt.) [cp.Vedic kalaśa] 1.a pot,waterpot,dish,jar M.III,141; J.IV,384; Dāvs.IV,49; PvA.162.-- 2.the female breasts (likened to a jar) Mhbv 2,22.(Page 198),6,1
  5364. 206405,en,15,kalati,kalati,Kalati,Kalati,[<em>kal</em>,kālayati] to utter an (indistinct) sound:pp.<i>kalita</i> Th.1,22.(Page 198),6,1
  5365. 206651,en,15,kalaya,kalāya,Kalāya,Kalāya,a kind of pea,the chick-pea M.I,245 (kaḷāya); S.I,150; A.V,170; Sn.p.124; J.II,75 (=varaka,the bean Phaseolus trilobus,and kālarāja-māsa); J.III,370; DhA I,319.Its size may be gathered from its relation to other fruits in ascending scale at A.V,170=S.I,150= Sn.p.124 (where the size of an ever-increasing boil is described).It is larger than a kidney bean (mugga) and smaller than the kernel of the jujube (kolaṭṭhi).<br><br> <i>--matta</i> of the size of a chick-pea S.I,150.; A.V,170.; Sn.p.124 (ḷ); J.III,370.; DhA.I,319.(Page 199),6,1
  5366. 206657,en,15,kalaya,kaḷāya,Kaḷāya,Kaḷāya,=kalāya.(Page 200),6,1
  5367. 206686,en,15,kalayati,kalāyati,Kalāyati,Kalāyati,[denom.fr.kalā] to have a measure,to outstrip J.I,163 (taken here as “trick,deceive”).(Page 199),8,1
  5368. 206711,en,15,kalebara,kaḷebara,Kaḷebara,Kaḷebara,(:kale° and kalevara) (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.BSk.kaḍebara Av.Ś.II.26] 1.the body S.I,62=A.II,48;=IV.429 =M.I,82; J.II,437,III,96,244; Vism.49,230.-- 2.a dead body,corpse,carcass; often in description of death:khandhānaṃ bhedo k°assa nikkhepo,D.II,355= M.I.49=Vbh.137; Th.2,467; J.III,180,511; V,459; Mhvs 20<sup>10</sup>; 37<sup>81</sup>; PvA.80.Cp.kuṇapa.-- 3.the step in a flight of stairs M.II,92,cp.kalingara.(Page 200),8,1
  5369. 206725,en,15,kalevara,kalevara,Kalevara,Kalevara,see kaḷebara.(Page 199),8,1
  5370. 206750,en,15,kali,kali,Kali,Kali,(m.) [cp.Sk.kali] 1.the unlucky die (see akkha); “the dice were seeds of a tree called the vibhītaka ...An extra seed was called the kali” (Dial.II.368 n.) D.II,349; J.I,380; Dh.252 (= DhA.III,375) at J.VI,228,282,357 it is opposed to kaṭa,q.v.-- 2.(=kaliggaha) an unlucky throw at dice,bad luck,symbolically as a piece of bad luck in a general worldly sense or bad quality,demerit,sin (in moral sense) kaliṃ vicināti “gathers up demerit” Sn.658; appamatto kali ...akkhesu dhanaparājayo ...mahantataro kali yo sugatesu manam padosaye S.I,149=A.II,3=V.171,174=Sn.659=Nett 132; cp.M.III,170; A.V,324; Dh.202 (=DhA.III,261 aparādha).-- 3.the last of the 4 ages of the world (see °yuga).-- 4.sinful,a sinner Sn.664 (=pāpaka).‹-› 5.saliva,spittle,froth (cp.kheḷa) Th.2,458,501; J.V,134.<br><br> <i>--(g)gaha</i> the unlucky throw at dice,the losing throw; symbolically bad luck,evil consequence in worldly &#38; moral sense (ubhayattha k° faring badly in both worlds) M.I,403=406; III,170 (in simile).See kaṭaggaha; <i>--devatā</i> (m.pl.) the devotees of kali,the followers of the goddess kali Miln.191 (see Miln.trsl.I.266 n.); <i>--(p)piya</i> one who is fond of cheating at dice,a gambler Pgdp 68; <i>--yuga</i> (nt.) one of the 4 (or 8) ages of the world,the age of vice,misery and bad luck; it is the age in which we are Sāsv 4,44,Vinl 281; <i>--sāsana</i> (nt.) in °ṃ āropeti to find fault with others Vin.IV,93,360.(Page 199),4,1
  5371. 206806,en,15,kalika,kālika,Kālika,Kālika,(adj.) [fr.kāla <sup>2</sup>] belonging to time,in time,as sabba-kālika always in time,cp.Gr.w(raίos Vv 39<sup>2</sup>; with time,i.e.gradual,slowly,delayed S.I,117=Nd<sup>2</sup> 645; usually neg.<i>akālika</i> 1.not delayed,immediate,in this world,comb.with sandiṭṭhika S.II,58; S.I,117= IV.41=339=V.343;--2.subject to time,i.e.temporal,vanishing PvA.87;--3.unusual,out of season Miln.114 (cp.akāla).-- See also tāva-kālika.(Page 212),6,1
  5372. 206827,en,15,kalimb,kaḷimb,Kaḷimb,Kaḷimb,(h)aka (cp.kaḍamba,kalamba) a mark used to keep the interstices between the threads of the kaṭhina even,when being woven Vin.II,116,317 (v.l.kaḷimpaka).(Page 200),6,1
  5373. 206872,en,15,kalingara,kaliṅgara,Kaliṅgara,Kaliṅgara,(m.nt.) (BB ḷ) [cp.Sk.kaḍaṅkara &#38; kaḍaṅgara,on which in sense of “log” see Kern,Toev.s.v.kalingara] 1.a log,a piece of wood M.I,449,451; S.II,268; DhA.III,315; often in sense of something useless,or a trifle (comb<sup>d</sup> with kaṭṭha q.v.) Dh.41; DhA.I,321 (=kaṭṭhakhaṇḍa,a chip) Th.2,468 (id.) as kaṭṭhakalingarāni DhA.II,142.-- 2.a plank,viz.a step in a staircase,in sopāna° Vin.II,128,cp.sopāna-kaḷevara.<br><br> <i>--ûpadhāna</i> a wooden block used for putting one’s head on when sleeping S.II,267; Miln.366; <i>--kaṇḍa</i> a wooden arrow J.III,273 (acittaṃ k°:without feeling) (Page 199),9,1
  5374. 206879,en,15,kalingara,kaḷiṅgara,Kaḷiṅgara,Kaḷiṅgara,=kalingara.(Page 200),9,1
  5375. 206909,en,15,kalingu,kaliṅgu,Kaliṅgu,Kaliṅgu,(m.nt.) [cp.Sk.kalinga &#38; kalingaka] the Laurus camphora,the Indian laurel J.VI,537.(Page 199),7,1
  5376. 206926,en,15,kalira,kaḷīra,Kaḷīra,Kaḷīra,the top sprout of a plant or tree,esp.of the bamboo and cert.palm trees (e.g.coco-nut tree) which is edible Sn.38 (vaṃsa°=veḷugumba Nd<sup>2</sup> 556 and p.58); Th.1,72; J.I,74,cp.III,179; VI,26; Miln.201 (vaṃsa°); Vism.255 (vaṃsa°-cakkalaka,so read for kalira°; KhA 50 at id.passage reads kaḷīra-daṇḍa).<br><br> <i>--(c)chejja</i> (nt.) “the cutting off of the sprout,” a kind of torture Miln.193,cp.Miln.trsl.I.270 and kadalīccheda.(Page 200),6,1
  5377. 206947,en,15,kalita,kalita,Kalita,Kalita,[pp.of kalati] sounding indistinctly Th.1,22.(Page 199),6,1
  5378. 206959,en,15,kaliya,kālīya,Kālīya,Kālīya,a kind of (shiny) sandal wood; so to be read for tālīsa at Vin.I,203 (see note on p.381).(Page 212),6,1
  5379. 206991,en,15,kalla,kalla,Kalla,Kalla,<sup>2</sup> (m.nt.) ashes J.III,94 (for kalala),also in <i>°-vassa</i> a shower of ashes J.IV,389.(Page 200),5,1
  5380. 206992,en,15,kalla,kalla,Kalla,Kalla,<sup>1</sup> &#38; Kalya (adj.) [cp.Sk.kalya] 1.well,healthy,sound Vin.I,291.-- 2.clever,able,dexterous Miln.48,87.-- 3.ready,prepared J.II,12,cp.--citta.-- 4.fit,proper,right S.II,13 (pañha).-- nt.kallaṃ it is proper,befitting (with inf.or inf.-substitute):vacanāya proper to say D.I,168,169; A.I,144; abhinandituṃ D.II,69; --kallaṃ nu [kho] is it proper? M.III,19; S.IV,346; Miln.25.-- <i>a°</i> 1.not well,unfit Th.2,439,cp.ThA.270.‹-› 2.unbecoming,unbefitting D.II,68; J.V,394.<br><br> <i>--kāya</i> sound (in body),refreshed Vin.I,291; <i>--kusala</i> of sound skill (cp.kallita) S.III,265; <i>--citta</i> of ready,amenable mind,in form.k°,mudu-citta,vinīvaraṇa°,udagga°,etc.D.I,110=148=II.41=A.IV,209=Vin.I,16=II.156; VvA.53,286; Vv 50<sup>19</sup> (=kammaniya-citta “her mind was prepared for,responsive to the teaching of the dhamma”); PvA.38.<i>--cittatā</i> the preparedness of the mind (to receive the truth) J.II,12 (cp citta-kalyatā); <i>--rūpa</i> 1.of beautiful appearance Th.1,212,-- 2.pleased,joyful (kalya°) Sn.680,683,691; <i>--sarīra</i> having a sound body,healthy J.II,51; a°-tā not being sound in body,ill-health VvA.243.(Page 200),5,1
  5381. 207017,en,15,kallahara,kallahāra,Kallahāra,Kallahāra,[cp.Sk.kahlāra,the P.form to be expl<sup>d</sup> as a diaeretic inversion kalhāra › kallahāra] the white esculent water lily J.V,37; Dpvs XVI,19.(Page 200),9,1
  5382. 207025,en,15,kallaka,kallaka,Kallaka,Kallaka,(adj.) [fr.last] in <i>a°</i> unwell,indisposed Vin.III,62; J.III,464; DhsA.377.(Page 200),7,1
  5383. 207049,en,15,kallata,kallatā,Kallatā,Kallatā,(f.) see kalyatā; <i>--a°</i> unreadiness,unpreparedness,indisposition (of citta),in expl<sup>n</sup> of thīna Nd<sup>2</sup> 290= Dhs.1156=1236=Nett 86; DhsA.378; Nett 26.The reading in Nd<sup>2</sup> is akalyāṇatā,in Dhs.akalyatā; follows akammaññatā.(Page 200),7,1
  5384. 207063,en,15,kallita,kallita,Kallita,Kallita,(nt.) [fr.kalla] pleasantness,agreeableness S.III,270,273 (samādhismiṃ --°kusala); A.III,311; IV,34 (id.).(Page 200),7,1
  5385. 207076,en,15,kallola,kallola,Kallola,Kallola,[cp.Sk.kallola] a billow,in <i>--°mālā</i> a series of billows Dāvs.IV,44.(Page 200),7,1
  5386. 207096,en,15,kalopi,kaḷopī,Kaḷopī,Kaḷopī,(=khaḷopi) f.1.a vessel,basin,pot:see cpds.‹-› 2.a basket,crate (=pacchi ThA.219; J.V,252) M.I,77,342; S.I,236=Th.2,283 (where osenti is to be corr.to openti); J.V,252.-- On the form of the word (=karoṭi?) see Trenckner J.P.T.S.1908,109 and Davids,Dial.I.227.<i>kaḷopī</i> (as khaḷopī) is expl<sup>d</sup> at Pug.A p.231 as “ukkhalī,pacchi vā.”<br><br> <i>--mukha</i> the brim of a pan or cooking vessel D.I,166 =M.I,77=342=A.I,295=II.206 (kumbhi-m°+kaḷopim°); <i>--hattha</i> with a vessel or basket in his hand A.IV,376.(Page 200),6,1
  5387. 207123,en,15,kalusa,kalusa,Kalusa,Kalusa,[cp.Sk.kaluṣa] muddy,dirty,impure; in <i>°bhāva</i> the state of being turbid,impure,obscured (of the mind) DA.I,275.(Page 199),6,1
  5388. 207134,en,15,kalusiya,kālusiya,Kālusiya,Kālusiya,(and <i>Kālussiya</i>) (nt.) [der.fr.kalusa,stained,dirty see cognates under kammāsa and kāla] darkness,obscurity DA.I,95; PvA.124 (cakkhu°); fig.(dosa°) VvA.30.(Page 212),8,1
  5389. 207151,en,15,kalya,kalya,Kalya,Kalya,see kalla; --<i>rūpa</i> pleased,glad Sn.680,683; a° not pleased Sn.691.(Page 199),5,1
  5390. 207164,en,15,kalyana,kalyāṇa,Kalyāṇa,Kalyāṇa,( &#38; kallāṇa) [Vedic kalyāṇa] 1.(adj.) beautiful,charming; auspicious,helpful,morally good.Syn.bhaddaka PvA.9,116) and kusala (S.II,118; PvA.9,122); opp.pāpa (S.I,83; M.I,43; PvA.101,116 and under °mitta).kata°=katûpakāra PvA.116 Appl<sup>d</sup> to dhamma in phrase ādi° majjhe° pariyosāne° D.I,62 and ≈; S.V,152; Sn.p.103; VvA.87; Vism.213 sq.(in var.applications); etc.-- As m.one who observes the sīlapadaṃ (opp.pāpa,who violates it) A.II,222,cp.k°-mittā=sīlâdīhi adhikā SnA 341.-- S.IV,303; V,2,29,78; A.III,77; IV,361; Vin.II,8,95; J.I,4; Miln.297; --kata° (opp.kata-pāpa) of good,virtuous character,in phrase k° katakusala,etc.It.25,etc.(see kata II.1 a).k° of kitti (-sadda) D.I,49 (=DA.I,146 seṭṭha); S.IV,374; V,352; of jhāna (tividha°) Bdhd 96,98,99; of mittā,friends in general (see also cpd.) Dh.78 (na bhaje pāpake mitte ...bhajetha m° kalyāṇe),116,375 (=suddhâjīvin); Sn.338.-- 2.(nt.) (a) a good or useful thing,good things Vin.I,117; A.III,109; cp.bhadraṃ.‹-› (b) goodness,virtue,merit,meritorious action J.V,49 (kalyāṇā here nt.Nom.in sense of pl.; cp.Vedic nt.),492; -- °ṃ karoti to perform good deeds S.I,72; A.I,138 sq.; Vin.I,73; PvA.122.-- (c) kindness,good service J.I,378; III,12 (=upakāra),68 (°ṃ karoti).‹-› (d) beauty,attraction,perfection; enum<sup>d</sup> as 5 kalyāṇāni,viz.kesa°,maṃsa°,aṭṭhi°,chavi°,vaya° i.e.beauty of hair,flesh,teeth,skin,youth J.I,394; DhA.I,387.<br><br> --ajjhāsaya the wish or intention to do good DhA.I,9; --âdhimuttika disposed towards virtue,bent on goodness S.II,154,158; It.70,78; Vbh.341; --kāma desiring what is good A.III,109; --kārin (a) doing good,virtuous (opp.pāpa°) S.I,227,cp.J.II,202=III,158; DhsA.390; (m.) who has rendered a service J.VI,182; --carita walking in goodness,practising virtue Vbh.341; --jātika one whose nature is pleasantness,agreeable J.III,82; --dassana looking nice,lovely,handsome Sn.551=Th.1,821 (+kañcanasannibhattaca); --dhamma (1) of virtuous character,of good conduct,virtuous Vin.I,73; III,133; S.V,352; Pug.26; It.96; Pv IV.1<sup>35</sup>; Miln.129; DhA.I,380; J.II,65 (=sundara°),PvA.230 (=sundara-sīla); sīlavā+k° (of bhikkhu,etc.) M.I,334; S.IV,303; PvA.13.-- k°ena k°atara perfectly good or virtuous A.II,224.-- (2) the Good Doctrine DhA.I,7.--°tā the state of having a virtuous character A.II,36; --pañña “wise in goodness” possessed of true wisdom Th.1,506; It.97; --paṭipadā the path of goodness or virtue,consisting of dāna,uposathakamma &#38; dasakusalakammapathā J.III,342; --paṭibhāṇa of happy retort,of good reply A.III,58,cp.Miln.3; --pāpaka good and bad J.V,238; VI,225; Kvu 45; (nt.) goodness and evil J.V,493; --pīti one who delights in what is good Sn.969; --bhattika having good,nice food Vin.II,77; III,160 (of a householder); --mitta 1.a good companion,a virtuous friend,an honest,pure friend; at Pug.24 he is said to “have faith,be virtuous,learned,liberal and wise”; M.I,43 (opp.pāpa°); S.I,83,87 (do.); A.IV,30,357; Pug.37,41; J.III,197; Bdhd 90; a° not a virtuous friend DhsA.247.-- 2.as t.t.a spiritual guide,spiritual adviser.The Buddha is the spiritual friend par excellence,but any other Arahant can act as such S.V,3; Vism.89,98,121; cp.kammaṭṭhāna-dāyaka.--mittatā friendship with the good and virtuous,association with the virtuous S.I,87; such friendship is of immense help for the attainment of the Path and Perfection S.V,3,32; it is the sign that the bhikkhu will realize the 7 bojjhaṅgas S.V,78=101; A.I,16,83,it is one of the 7 things conducive to the welfare of a bhikkhu D.III,212; A.IV,29,282; Th.2,213; It.10; Dhs.1328=Pug.24; Vism.107.-- <i>a°</i> not having a virtuous friend and good adviser DhsA.247.<i>--rūpa</i> beautiful,handsome J.III,82; V,204; <i>--vākkaraṇa</i>,usually comb.with °vāca,of pleasant conversation,of good address or enunciation,reciting clearly D.I,93,115; A.II,97; III,114,263; IV,279; Vin.II,139; Miln.21; DA.I,263 (=madhura-vacana); <i>a°</i> not pronouncing or reciting clearly D.I,94.122; <i>--°tā</i> the fact of being of good and pleasing address A.I,38; <i>--vāca</i>,usually in form.k° k°-vākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato D.I,114; A.II,97; III,114,195,263; IV,279; Vin.II,139; DA.I,282; <i>--sadda</i> a lucky word or speech J.II,64; <i>--sampavaṅka</i> a good companion A.IV,357 (in phrase k°-mitta k°-sahāya k°-s°); Pug.37; <i>--°tā</i> companionship with a virtuous friend S.I,87.<i>--sahāya</i> a good,virtuous companion A.IV,284; 357; Pug.37; cp.prec.,<i>--°tā</i>=prec.S.I,87; <i>--sīla</i> practising virtue,of good conduct,virtuous Th.1,1008; It.96.(Page 199),7,1
  5391. 207245,en,15,kalyanaka,kalyāṇaka,Kalyāṇaka,Kalyāṇaka,(adj.) [fr.last] good,virtuous DA.I,226; DhsA.32.(Page 200),9,1
  5392. 207404,en,15,kalyanata,kalyāṇatā,Kalyāṇatā,Kalyāṇatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.kalyāṇa] beauty,goodness,virtuousness Vism.4 (ādi); k°-<i>kusala</i> clever,experienced in what is good Nett 20.(Page 200),9,1
  5393. 207450,en,15,kalyanin,kalyāṇin,Kalyāṇin,Kalyāṇin,(adj.) [fr.kalyāṇa] (a) beautiful,handsome Vv IV.<sup>5</sup>; -- (b) auspicious,lucky,good,proper J.V,124; Ud.59; -- (c) f.[cp.<i>--ī</i> Vedic kalyāṇī] a beautiful woman,a belle,usually in janapada° D.I,193=M.II,40; S.II,234; J.I,394; V,154.(Page 200),8,1
  5394. 207476,en,15,kalyata,kalyatā,Kalyatā,Kalyatā,(f.) 1.the state of being sound,able,pliant J.II,12.-- 2.pleasantness,agreeableness,readiness,in a° opp.(appl<sup>d</sup> to citta) Dhs.1156; DhsA.377 (=gilānabhāva).(Page 199),7,1
  5395. 207502,en,15,kama,kama,Kama,Kama,[fr.<em>kram</em>,cp.Vedic krama (-°) step,in uru°,BSk.krama reprieve,Divy 505] -- 1.(nt.) going,proceeding,course,step,way,manner,e.g.sabbatth’âvihatakkama “having a course on all sides unobstructed” Sdhp.425; vaḍḍhana° process of development Bdhd 96 paṭiloma° (going) the opposite way Bdhd 106; cp.also Bdhd 107,111.a fivefold kama or process (of development or division),succession,is given at Vism.476 with uppattik°,pahāna°,patipattik°,bhūmik°,desanāk°,where they are illustrated by examples.Threefold applied to upādāna at Vism.570 (viz.uppattik°,pahānak°,desanāk°) -- 2.oblique cases (late and technical) “by way of going,” i.e.in order or in due course,in succession:kamato Vism.476,483,497; Bdhd 70,103; kamena by &#38; by,gradually Mhvs 3,33; 5,136; 13,6; Dāvs.I,30; SnA 455; Bdhd 88; yathākkamaṃ Bdhd 96.-- 3.(adj.) (-°) having a certain way of going:catukkama walking on all fours (=catuppāda) Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup>.(Page 188),4,1
  5396. 207517,en,15,kama,kāma,Kāma,Kāma,(m.nt.) [Dhtp (603) &#38; Dhtm (843) paraphrase by “icchāyaṃ,” cp.Vedic kāma,kam=Idg.*qā] to desire,cp.Lat.carus,Goth.hōrs,E whore.-- 1.Objective:pleasantness,pleasure-giving,an object of sensual enjoyment; -- 2.subjective:(a) enjoyment,pleasure on occasion of sense,(b) sense-desire.Buddhist commentators express 1 and 2 by kāmiyatī ti kāmo,and kametī ti kāmo Cpd.81,n.2.Kāma as sense-desire and enjoyment plus objects of the same is a collective name for all but the very higher or refined conditions of life.The kāma-bhava or --loka (worlds of sensedesire) includes 4 of the 5 modes (gati’s) of existence and part of the fifth or deva-loka.See Bhava.The term is not found analyzed till the later books of the Canon are consulted,thus,Nd<sup>1</sup> 1 distinguishes (1) vatthukāmā:desires relating to a base,i.e.physical organ or external object,and (2) kilesakāmā:desire considered subjectively.So also Nd<sup>2</sup> 202,quoted DhA.II,162; III,240; and very often as ubho kāmā.A more logical definition is given by Dhammapāla on Vv 1<sup>1</sup> (VvA.11).He classifies as follows:1.manāpiyā rūpādi-visayā.-- 2.chandarāga.-- 3.sabbasmiṃ lobha.-- 4.gāmadhamma.-- 5.hitacchanda.-- 6.serībhāva,i.e.k.concerned with (1) pleasant objects,(2) impulsive desire,(3) greed for anything,(4) sexual lust,(5) effort to do good,(6) self-determination.<br><br> In all enumerations of obstacles to perfection,or of general divisions and definitions of mental conditions,kāma occupies the leading position.It is the first of the five obstacles (nīvaraṇāni),the three esanās (longings),the four upādānas (attachments),the four oghas (floods of worldly turbulence),the four āsavas (intoxicants of mind),the three taṇhās,the four yogas; and k.stands first on the list of the six factors of existence:kāmā,vedanā,saññā,āsavā,kamma,dukkha,which are discussed at A.III,410 sq.as regards their origin,difference,consequences,destruction and remedy.‹-› Kāma is most frequently connected with rāga (passion),with chanda (impulse) and gedha (greed),all expressing the active,clinging,and impulsive character of desire.‹-› The foll.is the list of synonyms given at various places for kāma-cchanda:(1) chanda,impulse; (2) rāga,excitement; (3) nandī,enjoyment; (4) taṇhā,thirst; (5) sineha,love; (6) pipāsā,thirst; (7) pariḷāha,consuming passion; (8) gedha,greed; (9) mucchā,swoon,or confused state of mind; (10) ajjhosāna,hanging on,or attachment Nd<sup>1</sup>.At Nd<sup>2</sup> 200; Dhs.1097 (omitting No.8),cp.DhsA.370; similarly at Vism.569 (omitting Nos.6 and 8),cp.Dhs.1214; Vbh.375.This set of 10 characteristics is followed by kām-ogha,kāma-yoga,kām-upādāna at Nd<sup>2</sup> 200,cp.Vism.141 (kām-ogha,°āsava,°upādāna).Similarly at D.III,238:kāme avigata-rāga,°chanda,°pema,°pipāsa,°pariḷāha,°taṇha.See also kāma-chanda below under cpds.In connection with synonyms it may be noticed that most of the verbs used in a kāma-context are verbs the primary meaning of which is “adhering to” or “grasping,” hence,attachment; viz.esanā (iṣ to Lat ira),upādāna (upa + ā + dā taking up),taṇhā (tṛṣ,Lat.torreo=thirst) pipāsā (the wish to drink),sineha (snih,Lat.nix=melting),etc.-- On the other hand,the reaction of the passions on the subject is expressed by khajjati “to be eaten up” pariḍayhati “to be burnt,” etc.The foll.passage also illustrates the various synonymic expressions:kāme paribhuñjati,kāmamajjhe vasati,kāma-pariḷāhena pariḍayhati,kāmavitakkehi khajjati,kāma-pariyesanāyā ussukko,A.I,68; cp.M.I,463; III,129.Under this aspect kāma is essentially an evil,but to the popular view it is one of the indispensable attributes of bliss and happiness to be enjoyed as a reward of virtue in this world (mānussakāmā) as well as in the next (dibbā kāmā).See kāmāvacara about the various stages of next-world happiness.Numerous examples are to be found in Pv and Vv,where a standing Ep.of the Blest is sabbakāmasamiddha “fully equipped with all objects of pleasure,” e.g.Pv.I,10<sup>5</sup>; PvA.46.The other-world pleasures are greater than the earthly ones:S.V,409; but to the Wise even these are unsatisfactory,since they still are signs of,and lead to,rebirth (kāmûpapatti,It (4):api dibbesu kāmesu ratiṃ so nâdhigacchati Dh.187; rāgaṃ vinayetha mānusesu dibbesu kāmesu cāpi bhikkhu Sn.361,see also It.94.-- Kāma as sensual pleasure finds its most marked application in the sphere of the sexual:kāmesu micchācārin,transgressing in lusts,sinning in the lusts of the flesh,or violating the third rule of conduct equivalent to abrahmacariyā,inchastity (see <i>sīla</i>) Pug.38,39; It.63,etc.itthi-kāmehi paricāreti “he enjoys himself with the charms of woman” S.IV,343.Kāmesu <i>brahmacariyavā</i> practising chastity Sn.1041.Kāmatthā for sexual amusement A.III,229.<br><br> Redemption from kāma is to be effected by selfcontrol (saṃyama) and meditation (jhāna),by knowledge,right effort and renunciation.“To give up passion” as a practice of him who wishes to enter on the Path is expressed by:kāmānaṃ pahānaṃ,kāmasaññānaṃ pariññā,kāma-pipāsānaṃ-paṭivinayo,kāmavitakkānaṃ samugghāto kāma-pariḷāhānaṃ vūpasamo Vin.III,111; --kāmesu (ca) appaṭibaddhacitto “uddhaṃsoto” ti vuccati:he whose mind is not in the bonds of desire is called “one who is above the stream” Dh.218; cp.Th.2,12; -- tasmā jantu sadā sato kāmāni parivajjaye Sn.771; -- yo kāme parivajjeti Sn.768=Nett 69.-- nikkhamma gharā panujja kāme Sn.359; -- ye ca kāme pariññāya caranti akutobhayā te ve pāragatā loke ye pattā āsavakkhayaṃ A.III,69.-- Kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññāpeti Gotamo M.I,84; cp.A.V,64; kāme pajahati:S.I,12=31; Sn.704; kāmānaṃ vippahāna S.I,47; -- ye kāme hitvā agihā caranti Sn.464; -- kāmā nirujjhanti (through jhāna) A.IV,410; kāme panudati Dh.383=S.I,15 (context broken),cp.kāmasukhaṃ analaṅkaritvā Sn.59; -- kāmesu anapekkhin Sn.166=Ś I.16 (abbrev.); S.II,281; Sn.857; -- cp.rāgaṃ vinayetha ...Sn.361.vivicc’eva kāmehi,aloof from sensuous joys is the prescription for all Jhāna-exercise.<br><br> Applications of these expressions:--kāmesu palāḷita A.III,5; kāmesu mucchita S.I,74; kāmālaye asatta S.I,33; kāmesu kathaṃ nameyya S.I,117; kāmesu anikīḷitāvin S.I,9 (cp.kela); kittassa munino carato kāmesu anapekhino oghatiṇṇassa pihayanti kāmesu gathitā pajā Sn.823 (gadhitā Nd<sup>1</sup>); -- kāmesu asaññata Sn.243; -- yo na lippati kāmesu tam ahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ Dh.401; -- Muni santivādo agiddho kāme ca loke ca anûpalitto Sn.845; <i>kāmesu</i> giddha D.III,107; Sn.774; kāmesu gedhaṃ āpajjati S.I,73; -- na so rajjati kāmesu Sn.161; -- kāmānaṃ vasam upāgamum Sn.315 (=kāmānaṃ āsattataṃ pāpuniṃsu SnA 325); kāme parivajjeti Sn.768,kāme anugijjhati Sn.769.<br><br> Character of Kāmā.The pleasures of the senses are evanescent,transient (sabbe kāmā aniccā,etc.A.II,177),and of no real taste (appāsādā); they do not give permanent satisfaction; the happiness which they yield is only a deception,or a dream,from which the dreamer awakens with sorrow and regret.Therefore the Buddha says “Even though the pleasure is great,the regret is greater:ādīnavo ettha bhīyyo” (see k-sukha).Thus kāmā as <i>kālikā</i> (needing time) S.I,9,117; <i>aniccā</i> (transitory) S.I,22; kāmā citrā madhurā “pleasures are manifold and sweet” (i.e.tasty) Sn.50; but also appassādā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā:quot.M.I,91; see Nd<sup>2</sup> 71.Another passage with var.descriptions and comparisons of kāma,beginning with <i>app’assādā</i> dukkhā kāmā is found at J.IV,118.<i>--atittaṃ</i> yeva kāmesu antako kurute vasaṃ Dh.48; -- na kahāpaṇavassena titti kāmesu vijjati appasādā dukkhā kāmā iti viññāya paṇḍito “not for showers of coins is satisfaction to be found in pleasures-of no taste and full of misery are pleasures:thus say the wise and they understand” Dh.186; cp.M.I,130; Vin.II,25 (cp.Divy 224).-- Kāmato jāyatī soko kāmato jāyatī bhayaṃ kāmato vippamuttassa n’atthi soko kuto bhayan ti “of pleasure is born sorrow,of pleasure is born fear” Dh.215.‹-› Kāmānam adhivacanāni,attributes of kāma are:bhaya,dukkha,roga,gaṇḍa,salla,saṅga,paṅka,gabbha A.IV,289; Nd<sup>2</sup> p.62 on Sn.51; same,except salla &#38; gabbha:A.III,310.The misery of such pleasures is painted in vivid colours in the Buddha’s discourse on pains of pleasures M.I,85 and parallel passages (see e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> 199),how kāma is the cause of egoism,avarice,quarrels between kings,nations,families,how it leads to warfare,murder,lasciviousness,torture and madness.<i>Kāmānaṃ ādīnavo</i> (the danger of passions) M.I,85 sq.=Nd<sup>2</sup> 199,quot.SnA 114 (on Sn.61); as one of the five anupubbikathās:K° ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṅkilesaṃ A.IV,186,209,439; -- they are the leaders in the army of Māra:kāmā te paṭhamā senā Sn.436; -- yo evamvādī ...n’atthi kāmesu doso ti so kāmesu pātavyataṃ āpajjati A.I,266=M.I,305 sq.<br><br> Similes.--In the foll.passage (following on appassādā bahudukkhā,etc.) the pleasures of the senses are likened to:(1) aṭṭhi-kaṅkhala,a chain of bones; ‹-› (2) maṃsapesi,a piece of (decaying) flesh; -- (3) tiṇ’ukkā,a torch of grass; (4) aṅgāra-kāsu,a pit of glowing cinders; -- (5) supina,a dream; (6) yācita,beggings; -- (7) rukkha-phala,the fruit of a tree; -- (8) asisūna,a slaughter-house; -- (9) satti-sūla,a sharp stake; -- (10) sappa-sira,a snake’s head,i.e.the bite of a snake at Vin.II,25; M.I,130; A.III,97 (where aṭṭhisaṅkhala); Nd<sup>2</sup> 71 (leaving out No.10).Out of this list are taken single quotations of No.4 at D.III,283; A.IV,224=V.175; No.5 at DhA.III,240; No.8 at M.I,144; No.9 at S.I,128=Th.2,58 &#38; 141 (with khandhānaṃ for khandhāsaṃ); No.10 as āsīvisa (poisonous fangs of a snake) yesu mucchitā bālā Th.2,451,and several at many other places of the Canon.<br><br> Cases used adverbially:--<i>kāmaṃ</i> Acc.as adv.(a) yathā kāmaṃ according to inclination,at will,as much as one chooses S.I,227; J.I,203; PvA.63,113,176; yena kāmaṃ wherever he likes,just as he pleases A.IV,194; Vv I.1<sup>1</sup> (=icchānurūpaṃ VvA.11) -- (b) willingly,gladly,let it be that,usually with imper.S.I,222; J.I,233; III,147; IV,273; VvA.95; kāmaṃ taco nahāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasissatu (avasussatu in J) sarīre upasussatu maṃsa-lohitaṃ “willingly shall skin,sinews and bone remain,whilst flesh and blood shall wither in the body” M.I,481; A.I,50; S.II,28; J.I,71,110; <i>--kāmasā</i> (Instr.) in same sense J.IV,320; VI,181; <i>--kāmena</i> (Instr.) do.J.V,222,226; <i>--kāmā</i> for the love of,longing after (often with hi) J.III,466; IV,285,365; V,294; VI,563,589; cp.Mhv III,18,467.<i>--akāmā</i> unwillingly D.I,94; J.VI,506; involuntarily J.V,237.<br><br> <i>°kāma</i> (adj.) desiring,striving after,fond of,pursuing,in kāma-kāma pleasure-loving Sn.239 (kāme kāmayanto SnA 284); Dh.83 (cp.on this passage Morris,J.P.T.S.1893,39--41); same expl<sup>n</sup> as prec.at DhA.II,156; Th.2,506.-- <i>atthakāma</i> well-wishing,desirous of good,benevolent J.I,241; V,504 (anukampakā +); sic lege for attakāmarūpā,M.I,205,III,155,cf.S i.44 with ib.75; A.II,21; Pv IV.3<sup>51</sup>; VvA.11 (in quotation); PvA.25,112; mānakāma proud S.I,4; lābhakāma fond of taking; grasping,selfish A.II,240; dūsetu° desiring to molest Vin.IV,212; dhamma° Sn.92; pasaṃsa° Sn.825.So frequently in comb.w.inf.,meaning,willing to,wishing to,going to,desirous of:jīvitu°,amaritu°,dātu°,daṭṭhu°,dassana°,kātu°,pattu°,netu°,gantu°,bhojetu°,etc.<i>--sakāma</i> (-adj.) willing J.V,295.<i>--akāma</i> 1.not desiring,i.e.unwilling:M.II,181; mayhaṃ akāmāya against my wish (=mama anicchantiyā) Pv.II,10<sup>7</sup>,J.V,121,183,etc.2.without desire,desireless,passionless Sn.445.<i>--nikkāma</i> same Sn.1131.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> (nt.) the greatest pleasure,intense enjoyment M.II,43; Vv 16<sup>3</sup> (=VvA.79,attributed to the Paranimmita-vasavattino-devā); <i>--aggi</i> the fire of passion J.V,487; <i>--ajjhosāna</i> (nt.) attachment to lust and desire,No.10 in kāmacchanda series (see above); <i>--âdhikaraṇa</i> having its cause in desire M.I,85; S.I,74; <i>--âdhimutta</i>,bent upon the enjoyment of sensual pleasures A.III,168; J.VI,159; <i>--ânusārin</i> pursuing worldly pleasures J.II,117; <i>--andha</i> blinded by passion Ud.76=Th.1,297;-- <i>âbhibhū</i> overcoming passions,Ep.of the Buddha D.II,274; <i>--âbhimukha</i> bent upon lust,voluptuous PvA.3; <i>--âvacara</i> “having its province in kāma,” belonging to the realm of sensuous pleasures.This term applies to the eleven grades of beings who are still under the influence of sensual desires and pleasures,as well as to all thoughts and conditions arising in this sphere of sensuous experience D.I,34 (of the soul,expl<sup>d</sup> DA.120:cha k°-devapariyāpanna); J.I,47; Dhs.1,431; Ps.1,84,85,101; Vbh.324; Vism.88,372,452 (rūpa°,arūpa°,lokuttara),493 (of indriyas),574; PvA.138.--kamma an action causing rebirth in the six kāma-worlds Dhs.414,418,431; --devatā PvA.138 (+brahmādevatā) and --devā the gods of the pleasure-heavens J.I,47; V,5; VI,99; Vism.392; or of the kāmâvacara-devaloka J.VI,586,--bhūmi and --loka the plane or world of kāma Ps.I,83; J.VI,99; see also avacara; <i>--âvacaraka</i> belonging to the realm of kāma J.VI,99; Sdhp.254 (°ika); <i>--assāda</i> the relish of sensual pleasures PvA.262; DA.I,89,311; <i>--ātura</i> affected by passion,love-sick J.III,170; <i>--ārāma</i> pleasure-loving A.IV,438 (gihī k-bhogī,°ratā,°sammuditā); <i>--ālaya</i>,the abode of sensual pleasure (i.e.kāma-loka) S.I,33=Sn.177; Sn.306; <i>--āvaṭṭa</i> the whirlpool of sensuality J.II,330; <i>--āsava</i> the intoxication of passion,sensuality,lusts; def.as kāmesu kāma-chando,etc.(see above k-chando) Vbh.364,374; Dhs.1097; as the first of four impurities,viz.k°,bhava°,diṭṭhi°,avijjā° at Vin.III,5 (the detachment from which constitutes Arahantship); Vbh.373; Dhs.1096,1448; as three (prec.without diṭṭhi°) at It.49; Vbh.364; cp.D.I,84; II,81; III,216; M.I,7; <i>--itthi</i> a pleasure-woman,a concubine Vin.I,36; J.I,83; V,490; VI,220; <i>--upabhoga</i> the enjoyment of pleasures VvA.79; <i>--upādāna</i> clinging to sensuality,arising from taṇhā,as k° diṭṭhi° sīlabbata°,attavāda° D.III,230; M.I,51; Vbh.136,375; Vism.569; <i>--ûpapatti</i> existence or rebirth in the sensuous universe.These are three:(1) Paccupaṭṭhita-kāmā (including mankind,four lowest devalokas,Asuras,Petas and animals),(2) Nimmāna-ratino devā,(3) Paranimmita-vasavattino devā D.III,218; It.94.<i>--ûpasaṃhita</i> endowed with pleasantness:in formula rūpā (saddā,etc.) iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā k° rajaniyā “forms (sounds,etc.=any object of sense),desirable,lovely,agreeable,pleasant,endowed with pleasantness,prompting desires” D.I,245=M.I,85; 504; D.II,265; M.III,267; VvA.127.<i>--esanā</i> the craving for pleasure.There are three esanās:kāma°,bhava°,brahmacariya° D.III,216 270; A.II,42; Vbh.366; It.48; S.V,54; <i>--ogha</i> the flood of sensual desires A.III,69; D.III,230,276; Vbh.375; Vism.141; DhsA.166; Nd<sup>2</sup> 178 (viz.kām°,bhav°,diṭṭh°,avijj°).<i>--kaṇṭaka</i> the sting of lust Ud.27; <i>--kara</i> the fulfilment of one’s desires J.V,370 (=kāmakiriyā) <i>--karaṇīya in</i> yathā° pāpimato the puppet of the wicked (lit.one with whom one can do as one likes) M.I,173; It.56; <i>--kalala</i> the mud of passions J.III,293; <i>--kāra</i> the fulfilment of desires Sn.351=Th.1,1271; <i>--kārin</i> acting according to one’s own inclination Th.1.971; or acting willingly DA.I,71; <i>--koṭṭhāsa</i> a constituent of sensual pleasure (=kāmaguṇa) J.III,382; V,149; DA.I,121; PvA.205; <i>--kopa</i> the fury of passion Th.1,671; <i>--gavesin</i>,pleasure-seeking Dh.99=Th.1,992.<i>--gijjha</i> J.I,210 and <i>--giddha</i> greedy for pleasure,craving for love J.III,432; V,256; VI,245; <i>--giddhimā</i>,same J.VI,525.<i>--giddhin</i> f.°inī same Mhvs VI,3.<i>--guṇā</i> (pl.) always as pañca:the five strands of sensual pleasures,viz.,the pleasures which are to be enjoyed by means of the five senses; collectively all sensual pleasures.Def.as cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā,etc.A.III,411; D.I,245; II,271; III,131,234; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Ps.I,129; as manāpiyehi rūpâdīhi pañcahi kāma-koṭṭhāsehi bandhanehi vā DA.I,121,where it is also divided into two groups:mānusakā and dibbā.As constituents of kāmarāga at Nett 28; as vana (desire) Nett 81.-- In the popular view they are also to be enjoyed in “heaven”:saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmi tattha dibbehi pañcahi k-guṇehi samappito samaṅgibhūto paricāressāmī ti Vin.III,72; mentioned as pleasures in Nandana S.I,5; M.I,505; A.III,40,IV.118; in various other connections S.IV,202; Vv 30<sup>7</sup>; Pv III,7<sup>1</sup> (°ehi sobhasi; expl.PvA.205 by kāma-koṭṭhāsehi); PvA.58 (paricārenti); cp.also kāma-kāmin.As the highest joys of this earth they are the share of men of good fortune,like kings,etc.(mānusakā k° guṇā) S.V,409; A.V,272,but the same passage with “dibbehi pañcahi k°-guṇehi samappita ...” also refers to earthly pleasures,e.g.S.I,79,80 (of kings); S.V,342 (of a Cakkavatti); A.II,125; IV,55,239; V,203; of the soul D.I,36; Vbh.379; other passages simply quoting k-g° as worldly pleasures are e.g.S.I,16=Sn.171; S.I,92; IV,196.326; A.III,69 (itthirūpasmiṃ); D.I,60,104; Sdhp.261.In the estimation of the early Buddhists,however,this bundle of pleasures is to be banned from the thought of every earnest striver after perfection:their critique of the kāmaguṇā begins with “pañc’ime bhikkhave kāmaguṇā ...” and is found at various places,e.g.in full at M.I,85=Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; M.I,454; II,42; III,114; quoted at M.I,92; A.III,411; IV,415,430,449,458.Other expressions voicing the same view are:<i>gedho</i> pañcannaṃ k°-guṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ A.III,312 sq.; <i>asisūnā</i> ...adhivac° M.I,144; <i>nivāpo</i> ...adhivac° M.I.155; sāvaṭṭo ...adhivac° It.114.In connection w.rata &#38; giddha PvA.3; pahīna M.III,295; gathita &#38; mucchita M.I,173; mā te kāmaguṇe bhamassu cittaṃ “Let not thy heart roam in the fivefold pleasures” Dh.371; cittassa vossaggo Vbh.370; asantuṭṭha Vbh.350.See also Sn.50,51,171,284,337.<i>--guṇika</i> consisting of fivefold desire,appl.to rāga S.II,99; J.IV,220; Dhs.A.371; <i>--gedha</i> a craving for pleasure S.I,100; ThA.225; <i>--cāgin</i> he who has abandoned lusts Sn.719.<i>--citta</i> impure thought J.II,214; <i>--chanda</i> excitement of sensual pleasure,grouped as the first of the series of five obstacles (pañca nīvaraṇāni) D.I,156,246; III,234,278; A.I,231; IV,457; A.I,134=Sn.1106; S.I,99; V,64; Bdhd 72,96,130; Nd<sup>2</sup> 200,420A.Also as the first in the series of ten fetters (saṃyojanāni) which are given above (p.31) as synonyms of kāma.Enumerated under 1--10 at Nd<sup>2</sup> 200 as eight in order:1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10 (omitting pipāsā and gedha) Vbh.364; Dhs.1114,1153; Nd<sup>2</sup> ad chandarāga and bhavachanda; in order:2,3,5,9,6,7,10,4 at A.II,10; -- as nine (like above,omitting gedha) at Vbh.374; Dhs.1097; -- as five in order:1,5,9,6,7,(cp.above passage A.II,10) at M.I,241; -- as four in order:1,5,9,7 at S.IV,188; -- as six nīvaraṇas (5 + avijjā) at Dhs.1170,1486.See also D.I,246; III,234,269; Ps.I,103,108; II,22,26,44,169; Vism.141; Sdhp.459; <i>--jāla</i> the net of desires Th.1,355; <i>--taṇhā</i> thirst after sensual pleasures; the first of the three taṇhās,viz.kāma°,bhava°,vibhava° D.III,216,275; It.50; Vbh.365 (where defined as kāmadhātupaṭisaṃyutto rāgo); Dhs.1059,1136 (cp.taṇhā:jappāpassage); as the three taṇhā,viz.ponobbhavikā,nandirāga-sahagatā,tatratatr’âbhinandinī at Vin.I,10= Vbh.101; as k-taṇhāhi khajjamāno k-pariḷāhena pariḍayhamāno M.I,504.See also D.II,308; S.I,131; A.II,11; Th.2,140; J.II,311; V,451; Miln.318.<i>--da</i> granting desires,bestowing objects of pleasure and delight; Ep.of Yakkhas and of Vessantara (cp.the good fairy) J.VI,498,525; Mhvs 19,9; as sabba° Pv.II,13<sup>8</sup>; <i>--dada</i>=prec.Pv.II,9<sup>18</sup>; PvA.112; J.VI,508; of a stone Miln.243,252; of Nibbāna Miln.321; Kh VIII,10:esa devamanussānaṃ sabbakāmadado nidhi “this is the treasure which gives all pleasures to gods and men”; <i>--dukkha</i> the pain of sensual pleasures J.IV,118; <i>--duha</i> granting wishes,like a cow giving milk J.V,33; VI,214; f.°duhā the cow of plenty J.IV,20; <i>--dhātu</i> “element of desire.” i.e.1.the world of desire,that sphere of existence in which beings are still in the bonds of sensuality,extending from the Avīci-niraya to the heaven of the Paranimmita-vasavatti-devas S.II,151; Th.1,181; also 2.sensual pleasures,desires,of which there are six dhātus,viz.kāma°,vyāpāda,vihiṃsā°,nekkhamma°,avyāpāda°,avihiṃsā°,Vbh.86; Nett 97; D.III,215= Vbh.363 (as the first three=akusaladhātus); Vbh.404.See also D.III,275; Th.1,378; J.V,454; Vism.486 (cp.Vbh.86).<i>--nandī</i> sensual delight (cp.°chanda) A.II,11; Dhs.1114,etc.<i>--nidānaṃ</i> Acc.adv.as the consequence of passion,through passion,M.I,85,etc.(in kāmaguṇā passage); <i>--nissaraṇa</i> deliverance from passion,the extinction of passion It.61 (as three nissaraṇīyā dhātuyo),cp.A.III,245; <i>--nissita</i> depending on craving Miln.11; <i>--nīta</i> led by desire J.II,214,215; <i>--paṅka</i> the mire of lusts Sn.945; Th.2,354; J.V,186,256; VI,230,505; Mhbv 3; <i>--paṭisandhi-</i>sukhin finding happiness in the association with desire M.III,230; <i>--pariḷāha</i> the flame or the fever of passion M.I,242,508; S.IV,188; A.I,68 (pariḍayhati,khajjati,etc.); A.II,11; Vin.III,20; Nd<sup>2</sup> 374 (com<sup>d</sup> with °palibodha); DhA.II,2; see also kāmacchanda passage.<i>--pāla</i> the guardian of wishes,i.e.benefactor J.V,221; <i>--pipāsā</i> thirst for sensuality M.I,242; A.II,11,and under k°-chanda; <i>--bandha</i> Ud.93,and <i>--bandhana</i> the bonds of desire J.VI,28,also in the sense of k°-guṇā,q.v.; <i>--bhava</i> a state of existence dominated by pleasures.It is the second kind of existence,the first being caused by kamma Vbh.137.It rests on the effect of kamma,which is manifested in the kāma-dhātu A.I,223.It is the first form of the 3 bhavas,viz.kāma°,rūpa°,arūpa° Vin.I,36; D.III,216; A.IV,402; Vism.572.Emancipation from this existence is the first condition to the attainment of Arahantship:kāmabhave asatta akiñcana Sn.176,1059,1091 (expl.SnA 215:tividhe bhave alaggana); Bdhd 61.°parikkhīṇa one who has overcome the desire-existence Dh.415=Sn.639.<i>--bhoga</i> enjoyment of sensual pleasures,gratification of desires S.I,74 (sāratta --°esu giddhā kāmesu mucchitā); Th.2,464; It.94 (-°esu paṇḍito who discriminates in worldly pleasures); J.II,65; <i>--bhogin</i> enjoying the pleasures of the senses Vin.I,203,287; II,136,149; D.III,124,125; Miln.243,350,as Ep.of the kāmûpapatti-beings It.94; as ten kinds A.V,177; as bringing evil,being blameworthy S.I,78; cp.A.IV,281,438; S.IV,333 sq.; A.III,351; Th.2,486; J.III,154.ye keci kāmesu asaññatā janā avītarāgā idha k-bhogino (etc.) A.II,6,cp.II.17.kāmabhogī kām’ārāmo kāmarato kāma-sammudita A.IV,439; --°seyyā sleeping at ease,way of lying down,the second of the four ways of sleeping (kāmabhogīseyyā vāmena passena) A.II,244; <i>--bhojin</i>=°bhogin Ud.65; <i>--magga</i> the path of sensuous pleasures J.V,67; <i>--matta</i> intoxicated with sensuous pleasures J.VI,231; <i>--mucchā</i> sensual stupor or languor S.IV,189; A.II,11; Dhs.1114,etc.(see kāmacchanda); <i>--yoga</i> application to sensuous enjoyment,one of the four yogas,viz.kāma°,bhava°,diṭṭhi°,avijjā° (cp.āsavā) A.II,10; only the first two at It.95; cp.D.III,230,276; S.V,59; DhsA.166; <i>--rata</i> delighting in pleasures J.V,255; <i>--rati</i> amorous enjoyment (as arati) Th.2,58 and 141; J.I,211; III,396; IV,107.–n’atthi nissaraṇaṃ loke kiṃ vivekena kāhasi bhuñjassu kratiyo mâhu pacchânutāpinī S.I,128.mā pamādam anuyuñjetha,mā kāmaratisanthavaṃ appamatto hi jhāyanto pappoti paramaṃ sukhan S.I,25=Dh.27=Th.1,884; <i>--rasa</i> the taste of love J.II,329; III,170; V,451; <i>--rāga</i> sensual passion,lust.This term embraces the kāmaguṇā &#38; the three rāgas:Dhs.1131,1460; Nett 28; M.I,433 sq.; D.III,254,282; S.I,22= A.III,411; S.I,13,53; III,155; Th.2,68,77; PvA.6; see also k-chanda passage.Relinquishing this desire befits the Saint:Sn.139 (°ṃ virājetvā brahmalokûpago).As k-rāgavyāpāda Dhs.362; SnA 205; <i>--rūpa</i> a form assumed at will VvA.80,or a form which enjoys the pleasures of heaven Vbh.426; <i>--lāpin</i> talking as one likes D.I,91 (=DA.I,257 yadicchaka-bhāṇin); <i>--lābha</i> the grasping of pleasures,in °abhijappin A.III,353; <i>--loka</i> the world of pleasures=kāmâvacara,q.v.Sdhp.233,261; <i>--vaṇṇin</i> assuming any form at will,Protean J.II,255= III,409=Vv 33<sup>191</sup>; J.V,157; Vv 16<sup>3</sup>; VvA.80,143,146; <i>--vasika</i> under the influence of passions J.II,215; <i>--vitakka</i> a thought concerning some sensuous pleasure,one of the three evil thoughts (kāma° vyāpāda° vihiṃsā°) D.III,215,226; M.I,114; A.I,68; J.I,63; III,18,375; IV,490; VI,29; It.82,115; Vbh.362; Miln.310; <i>--vega</i> the impulse of lust J.VI,268; <i>--sagga</i> the heaven of sensuous beings,there are six q.v.under sagga J.I,105; II,130; III,258; IV,490; VI,29,432; at all these passages only referred to,not enum<sup>d</sup>; cp.k-âvacara; <i>--saṅkappa-</i> bahula full of aspirations after pleasure A.III,145,259; D.III,215; <i>--saṅga</i> attachment to passion Ud.75; <i>--saññā</i> lustful idea or thought; one of the three akusalasaññās (as vitakka) D.I,182; III,215; M.II,262; S.I,126; Vbh.363; Th.1,1039; virata k° āya S.I,53=Sn.175; <i>--saññojana</i> the obstacle or hindrance formed by pleasures; °âtiga Ep.of Arahant,free of the fetters of lust A.III,373 (+ kāmarāgaṃ virājetvā); <i>--sineha</i> love of pleasures Dhs.1097 (also as °sneha M.I,241; S.IV,188; A.II,10); see k-chanda; <i>--sukha</i> happiness or welfare arising from (sensual) pleasure,worldly happiness,valued as mīlha°,puthujjana°,anariya°,and not worth pursuit:see kāmaguṇā,which passage closes:yaṃ ime pañca k-guṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ idaṃ vuccati k-sukhaṃ A.IV,415; S.IV,225; varying with ...somanassaṃ ayaṃ kāmānaṃ assādo M.I,85,92,etc.-- As kāma° and nekkhamma° A.I,80; as renounced by the Saint:anapekkhino k° ṃ pahāya Dh.346= S.I,77; M.III,230; Sn.59 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.).See also S.IV,208; M.II,43; Th.2,483; Vv 6<sup>17</sup>; J.II,140; III,396; V,428; kāmasukhallik’ânuyoga attachment to worldly enjoyment S.IV,330; V,421; Vin.I,10; D.III,113; Nett 110; Vism.5,32; <i>--sutta</i> N.of the first sutta of the Aṭṭhakavagga of Sn; <i>--seṭṭhā</i> (pl.) a class of devas D.II,258; <i>--sevanā</i> pursuit of,indulgence in,sensuous pleasure J.II,180; III,464; <i>--sevin</i> adj.to prec.J.IV,118; <i>--hetu</i> having craving as a cause:in ādīnava-section,foll.on kāmaguṇā M.I,86,etc.,of wealth S.I,74; <i>--hetuka</i> caused by passion Th.2,355=ThA.243; J.V,220,225.(Page 203),4,1
  5397. 207922,en,15,kamaka,kāmaka,Kāmaka,Kāmaka,(adj.) [fr.kāma] only --° in neg.<i>akāmaka</i> unwilling,undesirous D.I,115; M.I,163; Vin.III,13; J.IV,31; cp.<i>kāmuka</i>.(Page 206),6,1
  5398. 207988,en,15,kamala,kamala,Kamala,Kamala,(nt.) a lotus,freq.comb<sup>d</sup> with kuvalaya; or with uppala J.I,146; DA.I,40,expl<sup>d</sup> as vārikiñjakkha PvA.77.1.lotus,the lotus flower,Nelumbium J.I,146; DA.I,40; Mhbv 3; Sdhp.325; VvA.43,181,191; PvA.23,77; -- At J.I,119,149 a better reading is obtained by corr.kambala to kamala,at J.I,178 however kamb° should be retained.- 2.a kind of grass,of which sandals were made Vin.I.190 (s.Vin.Texts II.23 n.) -- 3.f.<i>kamalā</i> a graceful woman J.V,160;<br><br> <i>--komalakarā</i> (f.) (of a woman) having lotus-like (soft) hands Mhbv 29; <i>--dala</i> a lotus leaf Vism.465; Mhbv 3; Bdhd 19; DhsA.127; VvA.35,38.-- <i>--pādukā</i> sandals of k.grass Vin.I,190.(Page 189),6,1
  5399. 208069,en,15,kamalin,kamalin,Kamalin,Kamalin,(adj.) [fr.kamala] rich in lotus,covered with lotuses (of a pond) in kamalinī-kāmuka “the lover of lotuses,” Ep.of the Sun Mhbv.3 (v.l.°sāmika perhaps to be preferred).(Page 189),7,1
  5400. 208115,en,15,kamana,kamaṇa,Kamaṇa,Kamaṇa,a step,stepping,gait J.V,155,in expl<sup>n</sup> J.V,156 taken to be ppr.med.-- See <i>san°</i>.(Page 189),6,1
  5401. 208151,en,15,kamandalu,kamaṇḍalu,Kamaṇḍalu,Kamaṇḍalu,(m.,nt.) [etym.uncertain] the waterpot with long spout used by non-Buddhist ascetics S.I,167; J.II,73 (=kuṇḍikā); IV,362,370; VI,86,525,570; Sn.p.80; DhA.III,448--adj.<i>kamaṇḍaluka</i> [read <i>kā°</i>?] “with the waterpot” A.V,263 (brāhmaṇā pacchābhūmakā k.).(Page 189),9,1
  5402. 208169,en,15,kamandaluka,kāmaṇḍaluka,Kāmaṇḍaluka,Kāmaṇḍaluka,(adj.) having a kamaṇḍalu (q.v.) S.IV,312 cp.A.V,263.(Page 206),11,1
  5403. 208212,en,15,kamaniya,kamanīya,Kamanīya,Kamanīya,(adj.) [grd of kāmayati] (a) desirable,beautiful,lovely J.V,155,156; Miln.11; (b) pleasant,sweet (-sounding) D.II,171; J.I,96.-- As nt.a desirable object S.I,22.(Page 189),8,1
  5404. 208710,en,15,kamata,kāmatā,Kāmatā,Kāmatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.kāma] desire,longing,with noun:viveka° ...to be alone PvA.43; anattha° J.IV,14; with inf.PvA.65 (gahetu°); J.III,362 (vināsetu°); Mhvs 5,260; DhA.I,91.(Page 206),6,1
  5405. 208737,en,15,kamati,kamati,Kamati,Kamati,<i> </i>[<em>kram</em>,Dhtp.expl<sup>d</sup> by padavikkhepe; ppr.med.kamamāna S.I,33; Sn.176; Intens.caṅkamati.] to walk.(I) lit.1.c.Loc.to walk,travel,go through:dibbe pathe Sn.176; ariye pathe S.I,33; ākāse D.I,212=M.I,69=A.III,17; -- 2.c.Acc.to go or get to,to enter M.II,18; J.VI,107; Pv.I,1<sup>2</sup> (saggaṃ) -- (II) fig.1.to succeed,have effect,to affect M.I,186; J.V,198; Miln.198; -- 2.to plunge into,to enter into A.II,144; ‹-› 3.impers.to come to (c.dat) S.IV,283.(Page 189),6,1
  5406. 208755,en,15,kamattham,kamatthaṃ,Kamatthaṃ,Kamatthaṃ,(adv.) [kaṃ atthaṃ] for what purpose,why? J.III,398 (=kimatthaṃ).(Page 189),9,1
  5407. 209106,en,15,kambala,kambala,Kambala,Kambala,(m.,nt.) [cp.Sk.kambala] 1.woollen stuff,woollen blanket or garment.From J.IV,353 it appears that it was a product of the north,probably Nepal (cp.J.P.T.S.1889,203); enum<sup>d</sup> as one of the 6 kinds of cīvaras,together w.<i>koseyya </i>&<i> kappāsika</i> at Vin.I,58=96,also at A.IV,394 (s.°sukhuma); freq.preceded by <i>ratta</i> (e.g.DA.I,40.Cp.also ambara<sup>2</sup> and ambala),which shows that it was commonly dyed red; also as <i>paṇḍu</i> Sn.689; Bdhd 1.-- Some woollen garments (aḍḍhakāsika) were not allowed for Bhikkhus:Vin.I,281; II,174; see further J.I,43,178,322; IV,138; Miln.17,88,105; DhA.I,226; II,89 sq.2.a garment:two kinds of hair‹-› (blankets,i.e.) garments viz.<i>kesa°</i> and <i>vāla°</i> mentioned Vin.I,305=D.I,167=A.I,240,295.-- 3.woollen thread Vin.I,190 (expl<sup>d</sup> by uṇṇā) (cp.Vin.Texts II.23); J.VI,340; -- 4.a tribe of Nāgas J.VI,165.<br><br> <i>--kañcuka</i> a (red) woollen covering thrown over a temple,as an ornament Mhvs 34,74; <i>--kūṭâgāra</i> a bamboo structure covered with (red) woollen cloth,used as funeral pile DhA.I,69; <i>--pādukā</i> woollen slippers Vin.I,190; <i>--puñja</i> a heap of blankets J.I,149; <i>--maddana</i> dyeing the rug Vin.I,254 (cp.Vin.Texts II.154); <i>--ratana</i> a precious rug of wool J.IV,138; Miln.17 (16 ft.long &#38; 18 ft.wide); <i>--vaṇṇa</i> (adj.) of the colour of woollen fabric,i.e.red J.V,359 (°maṃsa); <i>--silāsana</i> (paṇḍu°) a stone-seat,covered with a white k.blanket,forming the throne of Sakka DhA.I,17; <i>--sukhuma</i> fine,delicate woollen stuff D.II,188=A.IV,394; Miln.105; <i>--sutta</i> a woollen thread J.VI,340.(Page 189),7,1
  5408. 209166,en,15,kambalin,kambalin,Kambalin,Kambalin,(adj.) [fr.kambala] having a woollen garment D.I,55; II,150.(Page 189),8,1
  5409. 209168,en,15,kambaliya,kambalīya,Kambalīya,Kambalīya,(nt.) [fr.kambala] (a sort of) woollen garment Pv.II,1<sup>17</sup> (cp.PvA.77).(Page 189),9,1
  5410. 209184,en,15,kamboja,kambojā,Kambojā,Kambojā,(f.) N of a country J.V,446 (°ka raṭṭha); Pv.II,91 (etc.); Vism.332,334,336.(Page 189),7,1
  5411. 209190,en,15,kambojaka,kambojaka,Kambojaka,Kambojaka,(adj.) coming fr.Kamboja J.IV,464 (assatara).(Page 189),9,1
  5412. 209201,en,15,kamboji,kamboji,Kamboji,Kamboji,(m.,nt.) [meaning &#38; etym.unexpl<sup>d</sup>] the plant Cassia tora or alata J.III,223 (°gumba=elagalāgumba; vv.ll.kammoja° &#38; tampo° [for kambo°]).(Page 190),7,1
  5413. 209212,en,15,kambu,kambu,Kambu,Kambu,[cp.Sk.kambu,Halāyudha=śaṅkha; Dhtp.saṃvaraṇe] 1.a conch,a shell:saṇha-kambu-r-iva ...sobhate su gīvā Th.2,262 (for kampurī’va); s.cpds.-- 2.a ring or bracelet (made of shells or perhaps gold:see Kern.Toev.s.v.) J.IV,18,466 (+kāyūra); Pv.II,12<sup>7</sup>,III,9<sup>3</sup> (=PvA.157,saṅkhavalaya) Vv 36<sup>2</sup> (=VvA.167 hatth’âlaṅkāra),worn on the wrist,while the kāyūra is worn on the upper part of the arm (bhujâlaṅkāra ibid.); -- 3.a golden ring,given as second meaning at VvA.167,so also expl.at J.IV,18,130; J.V,400.<br><br> <i>--gīva</i> (adj.) having a neck shaped like a shell,i.e.in spirals,having lines or folds,considered as lucky J.IV,130 (=suvaṇṇālingasadisagīvo),cp.above 1; <i>--tala</i> the base or lower part of a shell,viz.the spiral part,fig.the lines of the neck J.V,155 (°ābhāsā gīvā,expl<sup>d</sup> on p.156 as suvaṇṇālingatala-sannibhā); also the (polished) surface of a shell,used as simile for smoothness J.V,204,207; <i>--pariharaka</i> a wristlet or bracelet VvA.167.(Page 189),5,1
  5414. 209236,en,15,kambussa,kambussa,Kambussa,Kambussa,[fr.preceding] gold or golden ornament (bracelet) J.V,260,261 (:kambussaṃ vuccati suvaṇṇaṃ).(Page 189),8,1
  5415. 209286,en,15,kameti,kāmeti,Kāmeti,Kāmeti,[den.fr.kāma] to desire,to crave,1.to crave for any object of pleasure:Th.1,93; J.III,154; IV,167; V,480; -- 2.to desire a woman,to be in love with D.I,241; M.II,40; J.II,226; V,425; VI,307,326,etc.‹-› pp.<i>kāmita</i> in kāmita-vatthu the desired object PvA.119; VvA.122; grd.<i>kāmitabba</i> to be desired,desirable PvA.16 (v.l.for kañña,better),73; VvA.127; and <i>kāmetabba</i> J.V.156 (=kamaṇīya); ppr.(kāmaṃ) kāmayamānassa Sn.766 (=icchamānassa,etc.,Nd<sup>1</sup>); J.VI,172=Nett 69.(Page 206),6,1
  5416. 209316,en,15,kamin,kāmin,Kāmin,Kāmin,(adj.) [fr.kāma] 1.having kāma,i.e.enjoying pleasure,gratifying one’s own desires in <i>kāma-kāmin</i> realizing all wishes; attr.of beings in one of the Sugatis,the blissful states,of Yakkhas,Devas or Devaññataras (Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup>=PvA.16),as a reward for former merit; usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with bhuñjāmi paribhogavant (Pv IV.3<sup>46</sup>) or as “nandino devalokasmiṃ modanti kkāmino” A.II,62=It.112; Th.1,242; J.III,154; Pv.II,1<sup>15</sup>; Pv III,1<sup>16</sup> (expl.“as enjoying after their hearts’content all pleasures they can wish for”).-- 2.giving kāma,i.e.benevolent,fulfilling people’s wishes; satisfying their desires,in atthakāminī devatā Sn.986.-- <i>akāmakāmin</i> passionless,dispassionate Sn.1096,syn.of vītataṇhā without desire (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 4).(Page 206),5,1
  5417. 209367,en,15,kamma,kamma,Kamma,Kamma,(nt.) [Vedic karman,work esp.sacrificial process.For ending °man=Idg.*men cp.Sk.dhāman=Gr.dh=ma,Sk.nāman=Lat nomen] the doing,deed,work; orig.meaning (see karoti) either building (cp.Lit.kùrti,Opr.kūra to build) or weaving,plaiting (still in mālākamma and latā° “the intertwining of garlands and creepers”; also in kamma-kara possibly orig.employed in weaving,i.e.serving); cp.Lat.texo,to weave=Sk.takṣan builder,artisan, &#38; Ger.wirken,orig.weben.Grammatically karman has in Pāli almost altogether passed into the --a decl.,the cons.forms for Instr. &#38; Abl.kammā and kammanā Gen.Dat.kammuno,are rare.The Nom.pl.is both kammā and kammāni.<br><br> I.Crude meaning.1.(lit.) Acting in a special sense,i.e.office,occupation,doing,action,profession.Two kinds are given at Vin.IV,6,viz.low (hīna) &#38; high (ukkaṭṭha) professions.To the former belong the kammāni of a koṭṭhaka and a pupphacchaḍḍaka,to the latter belong vāṇijjā and gorakkhā.-Kamma as a profession or business is regarded as a hindrance to the religious life, &#38; is counted among the ten obstacles (see palibodha).In this sense it is at Vism.94 expl<sup>d</sup> by navakamma (see below 2a).-<i>kassa°</i> ploughing,occupation of a ploughman Vism.284; <i>kumbhakāra°</i> profession of a potter J.VI,372; <i>tunna°</i> weaving Vism.122; PvA.161.<i>purohita°</i> office of a high-priest (=abstr.n.porohiccaṃ) SnA 466; <i>vāṇija°</i> trade Sāsv.40.-<i>kammanā</i> by profession Sn.650,651; <i>kammāni</i> (pl.) occupations Sn.263=Kh V.6 (anavajjāni k.=anākulā kammantā Sn.262).paresaṃ k°ṃ katvā doing other people’s work=being a servant VvA.299; sa° pasutā bent upon their own occupations D.I,135,cp.attano k°- kubbānaṃ Dh.217.kamma-karaṇa-sālā work-room (here:weaving shed) PvA.120.<br><br> 2.Acting in general,action,deed,doing (nearly always --°) (a) (active) act,deed,job,often to be rendered by the special verb befitting the special action,like <i>cīvara°</i> mending the cloak VvA.250; <i>uposatha°</i> observing the Sabbath Vbh.422; <i>nava°</i> making new,renovating,repairing,patching Vin.II,119,159 (°karoti to make repairs); J.I,92:Vism.94,adj.navakammika one occupied with repairs Vin.II,15; S.I,179; <i>patthita°</i> the desired action (i.e.sexual intercourse) DhA.II,49; <i>kammaṃ karoti</i> to be active or in working,to act:nāgo pādehi k.k.the elephant works with his feet M.I,414; <i>kata°</i> the job done by the thieves DhA.II,38 (corehi),as adj.kata° cora ( &#38; akata °cora) a thief who has finished his deed ( &#38; one who has not) Vism.180,also in special sense:occasion for action or work,i.e.necessity,purpose:ukkāya kammaṃ n’atthi,the torch does not work,is no good Vism.428.(b) (passive) the act of being done (-°),anything done (in its result),work,often as collect.abstr.(to be trsl<sup>d</sup>.by E.ending --ing):<i>apaccakkha°</i> not being aware,deception Vbh.85; <i>daḷhī°</i> strengthening,increase Vbh.357,Vism.122; <i>citta°</i> variegated work,<i>mālā°</i> garlands,<i>latā°</i> creeper (-work) Vism.108; <i>nāma°</i> naming Bdhd 83; <i>pañhā°</i> questioning,“questionnaire” Vism.6.-- So in definitions niṭṭhuriya°=niṭṭhuriya Vbh.357; nimitta°= nimitta,obhāsa°=obhāsa (apparition › appearing) Vbh.353.-- (c) (intrs.) making,getting,act,process (-°).Often trsl.as abstr.n.with ending --ion or --ment,e.g.<i>okāsa°</i> opportunity of speaking,giving an audience Sn.p.94; <i>pātu°</i> making clear,manifestation DhA.IV,198 <i>anāvi°</i>,<i> anuttāni°</i> concealment Vbh.358; <i>kata°</i> (adj.) one who has done the act or process,gone through the experience SnA 355; <i>añjali°</i>,<i> sāmīci°</i> veneration,honouring (in formula with nipaccakāra abhivādana paccuṭṭhāna) D.III,83 (≈Vin.II,162,255); A.I,123; II,180; J.I.218,219.<br><br> 3.(Specialised) an “act” in an ecclesiastical sense; proceedings,ceremony,performed by a lawfully constituted chapter of bhikkhus Vin.I,49,53,144,318; II,70,93; V,220 sq.; Khus J.P.T.S.1883,101.At these formal functions a motion is put before the assembly and the announcement of it is called the <i>ñatti</i> Vin.I,56,after which the bhikkhus are asked whether they approve of the motion or not.If this question is put once,it is a ñattidutiyakamma Vin.II,89; if put three times,a ñatticatuttha° Vin.I,56 (cp.Vin.Texts I.169 n<sup>2</sup>).There are 6 kinds of official acts the Saṅgha can perform:see Vin.I,317 sq.; for the rules about the validity of these ecclesiastical functions see Vin.I,312--333 (cp.Vin T.II.256--285).The most important ecclesiastical acts are:apalokanakamma,ukkhepanīya° uposatha° tajjaniya° tassapāpiyyasikā° nissaya°,patiññākaraṇīya°,paṭipucchākaraṇīya° paṭisāraṇiya° pabbājaniya°,sammukhākaraṇīya°.-- In this sense:kammaṃ karoti (w.Gen.) to take proceedings against Vin.I,49,143,317; II,83,260; kammaṃ garahati to find fault with proceedings gone through Vin.II,5; kammaṃ paṭippassambheti to revoke official proceedings against a bhikkhu Vin.III,145.<br><br> 4.In cpds.:<i>-âdhiṭṭhāyaka</i> superintendent of work,inspector Mhvs 5,174; 30,98;<i>-âdhipateyya</i> one whose supremacy is action Miln.288; <i>-ārambha</i> commencement of an undertaking Mhvs 28,21; <i>-âraha</i> (a) entitled to take part in the performance of an “act” Vin.IV,153; V,221; <i>--ārāma</i> (a) delighting in activity D.II,77; A.IV,22; It.71,79; <i>-ārāmatā</i> taking pleasure in (worldly) activity D.II,78=A.IV,22,cp.Vbh.381; A.III,116,173,293 sq.,330,449; IV,22 sq.,331; V,163; It.71; <i>âvadāna</i> a tale of heroic deeds J.VI,295; <i>-kara</i> or <i>°kāra</i>:used indiscriminately.1.(adj.) doing work,or active,in puriso dāso+pubbuṭṭhāyī “willing to work” D.I,60 et sim.(=DA.I,168:analaso).A.I,145; II,67; Vv 75<sup>4</sup>; 2.(n.) a workman,a servant (a weaver?) usually in form dāsā ti vā pessā ti vā kammakarā ti vā Vin.I,243; D.I,141=Pug.56 (also °kārā); A.II,208; III,77,172; Th.2,340; J.I,57.Also as dāsā pessā k°kārā A.III,37=IV.265,393,and dāsā k° kārā Vin.I,240,272; II,154; D.III,191; S.I,92;--a handyman J.I,239; Miln.378; (f) <i>--ī</i> a female servant Vin.II,267; <i>°kāra</i> Vin.IV,224,kārī Dhs.A98=VvA.73 (appl.to a wife); <i>-karaṇa</i> 1.working,labour,service J.III,219; PvA.120; DA.I,168; 2.the effects of karma J.I,146; <i>-karanā</i> and kāraṇā see below; <i>-kāma</i> liking work,industrious; a° lazy A.IV,93=J.II,348; <i>-kāraka</i> a workman,a servant DA.I,8; Mhvs 30,42; Nd<sup>2</sup> 427; a sailor J.IV,139; <i>-garu</i> bent on work Miln.288; <i>-ccheda</i> the interruption of work J.I,149; 246; III,270; <i>--jāta</i> sort of action J.V,24 (=kammam eva); <i>-dhura</i> (m.nt.) draught-work J.I,196; <i>-dheyya</i> work to be performed,duty A.IV,285=325; cp.J.VI,297; <i>-dhoreyya</i> “fit to bear the burden of action” Miln.288 (cp.Mil.trsl.II.140); <i>--niketavā</i> having action as one’s house or temple ibid.; <i>-nipphādana</i> accomplishing the business J.VI,162; <i>-ppatta</i> entitled o take part in an eccles.act Vin.I,318; V,221; <i>-bahula</i> abounding in action (appl.to the world of men) Miln.7; <i>-mūla</i> the price of the transaction Miln.334; <i>-rata</i> delighting in business D.II,78; It.71; <i>-vatthu</i> objects,items of an act Vin.V,116; <i>-vācā</i> the text or word of an official Act.These texts form some of the oldest literature and are embodied in the Vinaya (cp.Vin.I,317 sq.; III,174,176; IV,153,etc.).The number of officially recognized k° is eleven,see J.P.T.S.1882,1888,1896,1907; k°ṃ karoti to carry out an official Act Mhvs 5,207; DhsA.399; --°ṃ anussāveti to proclaim a k°,to put a resolution to a chapter of bhikkhus Vin.I,317; <i>-vossagga</i> difference of occupation J.VI,216; <i>-sajja</i> (a) “ready for action,” i.e.for battle J.V,232; <i>-sādutā</i> “agreeableness to work” DhsA.151 (cp.kammaññatā &#38; kamyatā); <i>--sāmin</i> “a master in action,” an active man Miln.288; <i>-sippī</i> an artisan VvA.278; <i>-sīla</i> one whose habit it is to work,energetic,persevering Miln.288; <i>a°</i> indolent,lazy J.VI,245; a°-ttaṃ indolence,laziness Mhvs 23,21; <i>--hīna</i> devoid of occupation,inactive Miln.288.<br><br> II.Applied (pregnant) meaning:doing,acting with ref.to both deed and doer.It is impossible to draw a clear line between the source of the act (i.e.the acting subject,the actor) and the act (either the object or phenomenon acted,produced,i.e.the deed as objective phenomenon,or the process of acting,i.e.the deed as subjective phenomenon).Since the latter (the act) is to be judged by its consequences,its effects,its manifestation always assumes a quality (in its most obvious characteristics either good or bad or indifferent),and since the act reflects on the actor,this quality is also attached to him.This is the popular,psychological view,and so it is expressed in language,although reason attributes goodness and badness to the actor first,and then to the act.In the expression of language there is no difference between:1.the deed as such and the doer in character:anything done (as good or bad) has a corresponding source; 2.the performance of the single act and the habit of acting:anything done tends to be repeated; 3.the deed with ref.both to its cause and its effect:anything done is caused and is in itself the cause of something else.As meanings of kamma we therefore have to distinguish the foll.different sides of a “deed,” viz.<br><br> 1.the deed as expressing the doer’s will,i.e.qualified deed,good or bad; 2.the repeated deed as expression of the doer’s habit=his character; 3.the deed as having consequences for the doer,as such a source qualified according to good and evil; as deed done accumulated and forming a deposit of the doer’s merit and demerit (his “karma”).Thus <i>pāpakamma</i>=a bad deed,one who has done a bad deed,one who has a bad character,the potential effect of a bad deed=bad karma.The context alone decides which of these meanings is the one intended by the speaker or writer.<br><br> Concerning the analysis of the various semantic developments the following practical distinctions can be made:1.Objective action,characterized by time:as past=done,meaning deed (with kata); or future=to be done,meaning duty (with kātabba).2.Subjective action,characterized by quality,as reflecting on the agent.3.Interaction of act and agent:(a) in subjective relation,cause and effect as action and reaction on the individual (individual “karma,” appearing in his life,either here or beyond),characterized as regards action (having results) and as regards actor (having to cope with these results):(b) in objective relation,i.e.abstracted from the individual and generalized as Principle,or cause and effect as Norm of Happening (universal “karma,” appearing in Saṃsāra,as driving power of the world),characterized (a) as cause,(b) as consequence,(c) as cause-consequence in the principle of retribution (talio),(d) as restricted to time.<br><br> 1.(Objective):with ref.to the Past:kiṃ kammaṃ akāsi nārī what (deed) has this woman done? Pv.I,9<sup>2</sup>; tassā katakammaṃ pucchi he asked what had been done by her PvA.37,83,etc.-- with ref.to the Future:k.kātabbaṃ hoti I have an obligation,under 8 kusītavatthūni D.III,255=A.IV,332; cattāri kammāni kattā hoti “he performs the 4 obligations” (of gahapati) A.II,67.<br><br> 2.(Subjective) (a) doing in general,acting,action,deed; var.kinds of doings enum.under micchājīva D.I,12 (santikamma,paṇidhi°,etc.); tassa kammassa katattā through (the performance of) that deed D.III,156; dukkaraṃ kamma-kubbataṃ he who of those who act,acts badly S.I,19; abhabbo taṃ kammaṃ kātum incapable of doing that deed S.III,225; sañcetanika k.deed done intentionally M.III,207; A.V,292 sq.; pamāṇakataṃ k.D.I,251=S.IV,322.kataraṃ k°ṃ karonto ahaṃ nirayaṃ na gaccheyyaṃ? how (i.e.what doing) shall I not go to Niraya? J.IV,340; yaṃ kiñci sithilaṃ k°ṃ ...na taṃ hoti mahapphalaṃ ...S.I,49=Dh.312=Th.1,277; kadariya° a stingy action PvA.25; k.classed with sippa,vijjā-caraṇa D.III,156; kāni k°āni sammā-niviṭṭha established slightly in what doings? Sn.324; (b) Repeated action in general,constituting a person’s habit of acting or character (cp.kata II.1.a.); action as reflecting on the agent or bearing his characteristics; disposition,character.Esp.in phrase <i>kammena samannāgata</i> “endowed with the quality of acting in such and such a manner,being of such and such character”:tīhi dhammehi samannāgato niraye nikkhitto “endowed with (these) three qualites a man will go to N.” A.I,292 sq.; asucinā kāyak°ena sam° asucimanussā “bad people are those who are of bad ways (or character)” Nd<sup>2</sup> 112; anavajja kāya-k° sam° A.II,69 (cp.A.IV,364); kāya-kammavacī-kammena sam° kusalena (pabbajita) “a bhikkhu of good character in deed and speech” D.I,63; kāya ...(etc.) --k°sam° bāla (and opp.paṇḍita) A.II,252 (cp.A.I,102,104); visamena kāya (etc.) --k° sam° A.I,154=III,129; sāvajjena kāya (etc.) --k° sam° A.II,135 -- kammaṃ vijjā ca dhammo ca sīlaṃ jīvitam uttamaṃ,etena maccā sujjhanti,na gottena dhanena vā S.I,34=55; M.III,262,quoted at Vism.3,where k.is grouped with vipassanā,jhāna,sīla,satipaṭṭhāna as main ideals of virtue; <i>kammanā</i> by character,as opp.to <i>jaccā</i> or jātiyā,by birth:Sn.136; 164; 599; nihīna° manussā (of bad,wretched character) Sn.661; manāpena bahulaṃ kāya (etc.) --kammena A.II,87=III,33,131; and esp.with mettā,as enum.under aparihāniyā and sārāṇīyā dhammā D.II,80; A.III,288; mettena kāya‹-› (etc.)--kammena D.II,144; III,191; A.V,350 sq.(c) Particular actions,as manifested in various ways,by various channels of activity (k°-dvārā),expressions of personality,as by deed,word and thought (kāyena,vācāya,manasā).Kamma kat) e)coxήn means action by hand (body) in formula vacasā manasā kammanā ca Sn.330,365; later specified by kāya-kamma,for which kāya-kammanta in some sense (q.v.),and complementing vacī-k° mano-k°; so in foll.comb<sup>ns</sup>:citte arakkhite kāya-k° pi arakkhitaṃ hoti (vacī° mano°) A.I,261 sq.; yaṃ nu kho ahaṃ idaṃ kāyena k° kattukāmo idaṃ me kāya-k° attabyādhāya pi saṃvatteyya ...“whatever deed I am going to do with my hands (I have to consider:) is this deed,done by my hands,likely to bring me evil?” M.I,415; kāya-(vacī- etc.) kamma,which to perform &#38; to leave (sevitabbaṃ and a°) A.I,110=III,150; as anulomika° A.I,106; sabbaṃ kāya-k° (vacī° mano°) Buddhassa ñāṇânuparivattati “all manifestation of deed (word &#38; thought) are within the knowledge of Buddha” Nd<sup>2</sup> 235; yaṃ lobhapakataṃ kammaṃ karoti kāyena vā vācāya vā manasā vā tassa vipākaṃ anubhoti ...Nett 37; kin nu kāyena v° m° dukkaṭaṃ kataṃ what evil have you done by body,word or thought? Pv.II,1<sup>3</sup> and freq.; ekūna-tiṃsa kāyakammāni Bdhd 49.(d) Deeds characterized as evil (pāpa-kammāni,pāpāni k°,pāpakāni k°; pāpakamma adj.,cp.pāpa-kammanta adj.).<i>pāpakamma:</i> n’atthi loke raho nāma p° pakubbato “there is no hiding (-place) in this world for him who does evil” A.I,149; so p°-o dummedho jānaṃ dukkaṭaṃ attano ...“he,afflicted with (the result of) evil-doing ...” A.III,354; p°-ṃ pavaḍḍhento ibid.; yaṃ p°-ṃ kataṃ sabban taṃ idha vedanīyaṃ “whatever wrong I have done I have to suffer for” A.V,301; pabbajitvāna kāyena p°-ṃ vivajjayī “avoid evil acting” Sn.407; nissaṃsayaṃ p°-ṃ ...“undoubtedly there is some evil deed (the cause of this) i.e.some evil karma Pv IV.16<sup>1</sup>.-<i>pāpaṃ kammaṃ:</i> appamattikam pi p° k° kataṃ taṃ enaṃ nirayaṃ upaneti “even a small sin brings man to N.” A.I,249,tayā v’etaṃ p° k° kataṃ tvañ ñeva etassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedissasi “you yourself have done this sin you yourself shall feel its consequences” M.III,180= A.I,139,na hi p° kataṃ k° sajju khīraṃ va muccati Dh.71=Nett 161; yassa p° kataṃ k° kusalena pithīyati so imaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti “he will shine in this world who covers an evil deed with a good one” M.II,104= Dh.173=Th.1,872; p°-ssa k°-ssa samatikkamo “the overcoming of evil karma” S.IV,320; p°ssa k°ssa kiriyāya “in the performance of evil” M.I,372; p°āni k°āni karaṃ bālo na bujjhati “he,like a fool,awaketh not,doing sinful deeds” Dh.136=Th.1,146; pāpā p°ehi k°ehi nirayaṃ upapajjare “sinners by virtue of evil deeds go to N.” Dh.307; te ca p°esu k°esu abhiṇham upadissare Sn.140.<i>-pāpakāni kammāni:</i> p°ānaṃ k°ānaṃ hetu coraṃ rājāno gāhetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārenti “for his evil deeds the kings seize the thief and have him punished” A.I,48; ye loke p°āni k° karonti te vividhā kamma-kāraṇā karīyanti “those who do evil deeds in this world,are punished with various punishments” M.III,186=A.I,142; k°ṃ karoti p°ṃ kāyena vācā uda cetasā vā Sn.232 (=kh 190); similarly Sn.127; karontā p°ṃ k°ṃ yaṃ hoti kaṭukapphalaṃ,“doing evil which is of bitter fruit” Dh.66= S.I,57=Nett 131; k°ehi p°ehi Sn.215.-- In the same sense:na taṃ k°ṃ kataṃ sādhu yaṃ katvā anutappati “not well done is that deed for which he feels remorse” S.I,57=Dh.67=Nett 132; āveni-kammāni karonti (with ref.to saṅgha-bheda) A.V,74; adhammikakammāni A.I,74; asuci-k°āni (as suggested by 5 and attributes:asuci,duggandha,etc.) A.III,269; sāvajjakammāni (as deserving Niraya) (opp.avajja › sagga) A.II,237; kammāni ānantarikāni deeds which have an immediate effect; there are five,enum<sup>d</sup> at Vbh.378.‹-› (e) deeds characterized as good or meritorious (<i>kusala</i>,<i> bhaddaka</i>,etc.) taṃ k°ṃ katvā kusalaṃ sukhudrayaṃ D.III,157; puñña-kammo of meritorious (character) S.I,143; kusalehi k°ehi vippayuttā carati viññāṇacariyā Ps.I,80; kusalassa k°ssa katattā Vbh.173 sq.; 266 sq.; 297 sq.; kusala-k°-paccayāni Bdhd 12; puññakamma,merit,comp<sup>d</sup> with kapparukkha in its rewarding power VvA.32 (cp.puññânubhāva-nissandena “in consequence of their being affected with merit” PvA.58) -- Cp.also cpds.:kamma-kilesa,k°-ṭṭhāna,k°-patha; k°lakkhaṇa k°-samādāna.<br><br> 3.(Interaction) A.in subjective relation; (a) character of interaction as regards action; action or deed as having results:<i>phala</i> and <i>vipāka</i> (fruit and maturing); both expressions being used either singly or jointly,either°-or independ<sup>t</sup>; <i>phala:</i> tassa mayhaṃ atīte katassa kammassa phalaṃ “the fruit of a deed done by me in former times” ThA.270; Vv 47<sup>9</sup> (=VvA.202); desanā ...k-phalaṃ paccakkhakāriṇī “an instruction demonstrating the fruit of action” PvA.1; similarly PvA.2; cp.also ibid.26,49,52,82 (v.l.for kammabala).<i>vipāka:</i> yassa k°ssa vipākena ...niraye pacceyyāsi ...“through the ripening of whatever deed will you be matured (i.e.tortured) in N.” M.II,104; tassa k°ssa vipākena saggaṃ lokaṃ uppajji “by the result of that deed he went to Heaven” S.I,92; II,255; k-vipāka-kovida “well aware of the fruit of action,” i.e.of retribution Sn.653; kissa kvipākena “through the result of what (action)” Pv.I,6<sup>5</sup>; inunā asubhena k-vipākena Nett 160; k-vipāka with ref.to avyākata-dhammā:Vbh.182; with ref.to jhāna ibid.268,281; with ref.to dukkha ibid.106; k-vipāka-ja produced by the maturing of (some evil) action,as one kind of ābādha,illness:A.V,110=Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>1</sup>; same as result of good action,as one kind of iddhi (supernatural power) Ps.II,174; --vipāka (adj.).asakkaccakatānaṃ kammānaṃ vipāko the reaper of careless deeds A.IV,393; der.vepakka (adj.) in dukkha-vepakka resulting in pain Sn.537.<i>-phala+vipāka:</i> freq.in form.sukaṭa dukkhaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko:D.I,55=III,264=M.I,401=S.IV,348=A.I,268=IV.226= V.265,286 sq.; cp.J.P.T.S.1883,8; nissanda-phalabhūto vipāko ThA.270; tiṇṇaṃ k°ānaṃ phalaṃ,tiṇṇaṃ k-ānaṃ vipāko D.II,186 -- (b) the effect of the deed on the doer:the consequences fall upon the doer,in the majority of cases expressed as punishment or affliction:yathā yathâyaṃ puriso kammaṃ karoti tathā tathā taṃ paṭisaṃvedissati “in whichever way this man does a deed,in the same way he will experience it (in its effect)” A.I,249; na vijjati so jagati-ppadeso yathā ṭhito muñceyya pāpa-kammā “there is no place in the world where you could escape the consequences of evil-doing” Dh.127=Miln.150=PvA.104,cp.Divy 532; so the action is represented as vedaniya,to be felt; in various combinations:in this world or the future state,as good or bad,as much or little A.IV,382; the agent is represented as the inheritor,possessor,of (the results of) his action in the old formula:kammassakā sattā k-dāyādā k-yonī k-bandhū ...yaṃ k°ṃ karonti kalyānaṃ vā pāpakaṃ vā tassa dāyādā bhavanti M.III,203=A.III,72 sq.=186=V.88~288 sq.(see also cpds.).The punishment is expressed by <i>kammakaraṇa</i> (or °kāraṇa),“being done back with the deed,” or the reaction of the deed,in phrase kamma-karaṇaṃ kāreti or kārāpeti “he causes the reaction of the deed to take place” and pass,kamma-karaṇā karīyati he is afflicted with the reaction,i.e.the punishment of his doing.The 5 main punishments in Niraya see under kāraṇaṃ,the usual punishments (beating with whips,etc.) are enumerated passim,e.g.M.III,164,181; and Nd<sup>2</sup> 604.[As regards form and meaning Morris J.P.T.S.1884,76 and 1893,15 proposes kāraṇā f.“pain,punishment,“ fr.<i>kṝ</i> to tear or injure,“the pains of karma,or torture”; Prof.Duroiselle follows him,but with no special reason:the derivation as nt.causative-abstr.fr.karoti presents no difficulty.] -- ye kira bho pāpakāni k°-āni karonti te diṭṭh’eva dhamme evarūpā vividhā k-kāraṇā karīyanti,kim aṅga pana parattha! “Those who,as you know,do evil are punished with various tortures even in this world,how much more then in the world to come!” M.III,181; M.III,186=A.I,142; sim.k°-kāraṇāni kārenti (v.l.better than text-reading) S.IV,344; Sdhp.7; Nd<sup>2</sup> on dukkha.As k-karaṇaṃ saṃvidahiṃsu J.II,398; kamma-kāraṇa-ppatta one who undergoes punishment Vism.500.See also examples under 2d and M.I,87; A.I,47; J.V,429; Miln.197.<br><br> B.in objective relation:universal karma,law of cause and consequence.-- (a) karma as cause of existence (see also d,purāṇa° and pubbe kataṃ k°):compared to the fruitful soil (khetta),as substratum of all existence in kāma,rūpa,arūpa dhātu A.I,223 (kāmadhātu-vepakkañ ce kammaṃ nâbhavissa api nu kho kāmabhavo paññāyethā ti? No h’etaṃ ...iti kho kammaṃ khettaṃ ...); as one of the 6 causes or substrata of existence A.III,410; kammanā vattati loko kammanā vattati pajā “by means of karma the world goes on,mankind goes on” Sn.654; kamma-paccayā through karma PvA.25 (=Kh 207); k°ṃ kilesā hetu saṃsārassa “k.and passions are the cause of saṃsāra (renewed existence)” Nett 113; see on k.as principle:Ps.II,78; 79 (ch.VII.,kamma-kathā) M.I,372 sq.; Nett.161; 180--182; k.as 3 fold:Bdhd 117; as 4 fold M.III,215; and as cause in general Vism.600 (where enum<sup>d</sup> as one of the 4 paccaya’s or stays of rūpa,viz.k.,citta,utu,āhāra); Bdhd 63,57,116,134 sq.; Vbh.366; Miln.40 sq.as a factor in the five-fold order (dhammatā or niyama) of the cosmos:k°-niyama DA.on D 11,12; DhsA.272; Cp.cpds.:kammaja (resulting from karma) Bdhd 68,72,75; °-vātā,birth-pains i.e.the winds resulting from karma (caliṃsu) DhA.I,165; DhA.II,262; k°-nimitta Bdhd 11,57,62; k°-sambhava Bdhd 66; k°-samuṭṭhāna Vism.600; Bdhd 67,72; see further cpds.below.-- (b) karma as result or consequence.There are 3 kamma-nidānāni,factors producing karma and its effect:lobha,dosa,moha,as such (tīṇi nidānāni kammānaṃ samudayāya,3 causes of the arising of karma) described A.I,134=263=III,338=Nd<sup>2</sup> 517; so also A.V,86; 262; Vbh.208.With the cessation of these 3 the factor of karma ceases:lobha-kkhayā kamma-nidāna-saṅkhayo A.V,262.There are 3 other nidānāni as atīte anāgate paccuppanne chanda A.I,264.and 3 others as producing or inciting existence (called here kamma-bhava,consequential existence) are puñña,apuñña,ānejja (merit,demerit and immovability) Vbh.137=Nd<sup>2</sup> 471.-- (c) karma as causeconsequence:its manifestation consists in essential likeness between deed and result,cause and effect:like for like “as the cause,so the result.” Karma in this special sense is Retribution or Retaliation; a law,the working of which cannot be escaped (cp.Dh.127,as quoted above 3 A (b),and Pv.II,7<sup>17</sup>:sace taṃ pāpakaṃ kammaṃ karissatha karotha vā,na vo dukkhā pamutt’atthi) -- na hi nassati kassaci kammaṃ “nobody’s (trace,result of) action is ever lost” Sn.666; puññâpuñña-kammassa nissandena kanaka vimāne ekikā hutvā nibbatti “through the consequence of both merit and demerit” PvA.47; cp.VvA.14; yatth’assa attabhāvo nibbattati tattha taṃ k°ṃ vipaccati “wherever a man comes to be born,there ripens his action” A.I,134; -- correspondence between “light” and “dark” deeds and their respective consequence are 4 fold:kaṇha-kamma›kaṇha vipāka,sukka°,kaṇhasukka,akaṇha-asukka:D.III,230=M.I,389=A.II,230 sq.; so sakena kammena nirayaṃ upapajjati Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III</SUP>; k°-<i>ânubhāva</i> --ukkhitta “thrown,set into motion,by the power of k.” PvA.78; sucarita-k-ânubhavâvanibbattāni vimānāni “created by the power of their result of good conduct” VvA.1<sup>27</sup>; k-ânubhāvena by the working of k.PvA.77; k°-<i>vega-</i>ukkhittā (same) PvA.284; yathā kamm-<i>ûpaga</i> “undergoing the respective consequences (of former deeds) affected with respective karma:see cpds.,and cp.yathā kammaṃ gato gone (into a new existence) according to his karma J.I,153 &#38; freq.; see cpds.; <i>k-sarikkhatā</i> “the karma-likeness,” the correspondence of cause and consequence:taṃ k-s°ṃ vibhāventaṃ suvaṇṇamayaṃ ahosi “this,manifesting the karma-correspondence,was golden” VvA.6; so also <i>k-sarikkhaka</i>,in accordance with their deed,retributionary,of kamma-phalaṃ,the result of action:tassa kamma-sarikkhakaṃ kammaphalaṃ hoti “for her the fruit of action became like action,” i.e.the consequence was according to her deed.PvA.206; 284; 258; as nt.:k-s°ṃ pan’assa udapādi “the retribution for him has come” DhA.I,128; J.III,203; cp.also Miln.40 sq.; 65 sq.; 108.-- (d) The working and exhaustion of karma,its building up by new karma (nava°) and its destruction by expiration of old karma (purāṇa).The final annihilation of all result (°kkhaya) constitutes Arahantship.nava›purāṇa-kamma:as aparipakka,not ripe,and paropakka,ripe D.I,54=S.III,212; as pañca-kammuno satāni,etc.ibid.; kāyo ...purāṇaṃ k°ṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ (“our body is an accumulation of former karma”) S.II,65=Nd<sup>2</sup> 680 D; see also A.II,197; Pv IV.7<sup>1</sup>; PvA.1,45; Nett 179; and with simile of the snake stripping its slough (porāṇassa k°ssa parikkhīṇattā ...santo yathā kammaṃ gacchati) PvA.63.-- k°-nirodha or °kkhaya:so ...na tāva kālaṃ karoti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ vyanti hoti “He does not die so long as the evil karma is unexhausted” A.I,141≈; nava-purāṇāni k°āni desissāmi k°-nirodhaṃ k°-nirodha-gāminiñ ca paṭipadaṃ “the new and the old karma I shall demonstrate to you,the destruction of k.and the way which leads to the destruction of k.” S.IV,132~A.III,410; ...navānaṃ k°ānaṃ akaraṇā setughātaṃ; iti k-kkhayā dukkhakkhayo ...(end of misery through the end of karma) A.I,220=M.II,214; same Ps.I,55--57; cp.also A.I,263; Nd<sup>2</sup> 411 (expl.as kamma-parāyaṇa vipāka-p°:“gone beyond karma and its results,” i.e.having attained Nibbāna).See also the foll.cpds.:k°-âbhisaṅkhīsa,°āvaraṇa,°kkhaya,°nibandhana.<br><br> <i>--âdhikata</i> ruled by karma,Miln.67,68; °ena by the influence of k.ibid.<i>--âdhiggahita</i> gripped by karma Miln.188,189; <i>--ânurūpa</i> (adj.) (of vipāka) according to one’s karma J.III,160; DA.I,37; <i>--âbhisaṅkhāra</i> (3 B) accumulation of k.Nd<sup>2</sup> 116,283,506.<i>--âbhisanda</i> in °ena in consequence of k.Miln.276,cp.J.P.T.S.1886,146; <i>--âraha</i> see I.; <i>--âyatana</i> 1.work Vbh.324,cp.Miln.78; 2.action=kamma J.III,542; cp.J.IV,451,452.<i>--âyūhana</i> the heaping up of k.Vism.530; DhsA.267,268; cp.k°ṃ āyūhi Miln.214 and J.P.T.S.1885,58.<i>--āvaraṇa</i> the obstruction caused by k.A.III,436= Pug.13=Vbh.341 (in defin.of sattā abhabbā:kammāvaraṇena samannāgatā,kiles°,vipāk° ..),Kvu 341; Miln.154,155; Vism.177 (=ānantariya-kamma); <i>--ūpaga</i> in yatha kamm-û page satte:the beings as undergoing (the consequences of) their respective kamma (3B) in form.cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate ...pajānāti (or passati) Vin.III,5=D.I,82=S.II,122 (214)= V.266=A.IV,178=V.13 (35,200,340)=Vbh.344; abbreviated in M.III,178; Nett.178; see also similar Sn.587; Bdhd 111; <i>--upacaya</i> accumulation of k.Kvn A.156; <i>--kathā</i> exposition of k.; chapter in Ps.II,98; <i>--kāma</i> (adj.) desirous of good karma Th.2,275; PvA.174; a° opp.= inactive,indolent A.IV,92,PvA.174; <i>--kiriyā-</i>dassana (adj.) understanding the workings of k.J.I,45; <i>--kiliṭṭha</i> bad,evil k.Dh.15 (=DhA.I,129,expl.kiliṭṭha-k°); <i>--kilesa</i> (2) depravity of action,bad works,there are 4 enum<sup>d</sup> at D.III,181=J.III,321,as the non-performance of sīla 1--4 (see sīla),equal to pāpa-kāya-k°; <i>--kkhaya</i> (3 B) the termination,exhaustion of the influence of k.; its destruction:sabba-k°-kkhayaṃ patto vimutto upadhi-saṅkhaye S.I,134; as brought about by neutral,indifferent kamma:D.III,230=A.II,230 sq.; M.I,93,DhsA.89; <i>--ja</i> (3 B) produced by k.J.I,52; as one mode of the origin of disease Miln.135; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>1</sup>; appl<sup>d</sup>.to all existence Miln.271; Vism.624 (kammajaṃ āyatanadvāra-vasena pākaṭaṃ hoti); appl<sup>d</sup> to rūpa Vism.451,614; appl.to pains of childbirth (°vātā) J.I,52,DhA.I,165; a° not caused by k.,of ākāsa and nibbāna Miln.268,271; <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> (2) 1.a branch of industry or occupation,profession,said of diff.occupations as farmer,trader,householder and mendicant M.II,197; A.V,83.2.occasion or ground for (contemplating) kamma (see ṭhāna II.2.c.),kamma-subject,a technical term referring to the instruments of meditation,esp.objects used by meditation to realize impermanence.These exercises (“stations of exercise” Expos.224) are highly valued as leading to Arahantship DhA.I,8 (yāva arahattaṃ kamma-ṭṭhānaṃ kathesi),96; PvA.98 (catu-saccakamma-ṭṭhāna-bhāvanā meditation on the 4 truths and the objects of meditation).Freq.in phrase kammaṭṭhāne anuyutto (or anuyoga vasena) na cirass’eva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi:J.III,36; Sāsv 49; see also J.I,7,97,182,303,414; Sdhp.493.These subjects of meditation are given as 38 at DhsA.168 (cp.Cpd.202),as 32 (dvattiṃs’ākāra-k°) at Vism.240 sq.,as 40 at Vism.110 sq.(in detail); as pañca-sandhika at Vism.277; some of them are mentioned at J.I,116; DhA.I,221,336; IV,90; <i>--°ṃ anuyuñjati </i>to give oneself up to meditation Sāsv 151; PvA.61; <i>--°ṃ uggaṇhāti </i>to accept from his teacher a particular instrument of meditation Vism.277 sq.(also °assa uggaho &#38; uggaṇhana); KhA 40; DhA.I,9,262; IV,106; PvA.42; <i>--°ṃ katheti </i>to teach a pupil how to meditate on one of the k° DhA.I,8,248,336; PvA.61; --°ṃ adāsi DhA.IV,106; °gaṇhāti J.III,246; Vism.89; °ācikkhana instruction in a formula of exercise DhsA.246; °dāyaka the giver of a k-ṭṭh° object,the spiritual adviser and teacher,who must be a kalyāṇamitta (q.v.),one who has entered the Path; Vism.89; Bdhd 89,91,cp.Vism.241; <i>--ṭṭhānika</i> a person practising kammaṭṭhāna Vism.97,187,189; DhA.I,335; <i>--tappana</i> the being depressed on acct.of one’s (bad) karma DhA.I,150. <i>--dāyāda</i> (3 A (b) and cp.°ssaka) the inheritor of k.,i.e.inheriting the consequences of one’s own deeds M.I,390; Miln.65=DhsA.66; <i>--dvāra</i> “the door of action,” i.e.the medium by which action is manifested (by kāya,vacī,mano) (s.2b) J.IV,14; KvuA 135; DhsA.82; Bdhd 8; <i>--dhāraya</i> name of a class of noun-compounds Kacc 166; <i>--nānatta</i> manifoldness of k.DhsA.64 (also --nānākaraṇa ib.); <i>--nibandhana</i> (3 B) bound to k.(:rathass’āṇī va yāyato,as the linchpin to the cart) Sn.654; <i>--nibbatta</i> (3 B) produced through k.Miln.268; DhsA.361; <i>--nimitta</i> the sign,token of k.DhsA.411; <i>--nirodha</i> the destruction of k.[see 3 B (d)]; <i>--paccaya</i> the ground,basis of karma Vism.538; KvuA 101,5,1
  5418. 209631,en,15,kammaka,kammaka,Kammaka,Kammaka,(adj.) [fr.kamma] connected with,depend<sup>t</sup> on karma Miln.137 (a°). <i>Kammanīya</i>,<i> °iya </i>&<i> kammañña</i> (adj.) “workable,” fit for work,dexterous,ready,wieldy.Often of citta “with active mind” in formula vigatūpakkilesa mudubhūta k° ṭhita ānejjappatta D.I,76,etc.=M.I,22= Pug.68; S.III,232; V,92,233; A.I,9; DhA.I,289; Bdhd 101,expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.377 (°iya).Further of citta (muduñ ca kammaññañ ca pabhassarañ ca) A.I,257 (reads °iyañ)=Vism.247; of upekhā and sati Nd<sup>2</sup> 661,cp.Bdhd 104; of kāya &#38; citta Bdhd 121.Said of a lute=workable,ready for playing A.III,375=Vin.I,182.Of the body A.IV,335.-- <i>a°</i> not ready,sluggish A.IV,333; Vism.146.-- <i>kammañña-bhāva</i> the state of being workable,readiness,of kāya Dhs.46,of vedanā,etc.,Dhs.326,of citta DhsA.130,see next; <i>a°</i> unworkable condition DhsA.130.(Page 194),7,1
  5419. 209961,en,15,kammannata,kammaññatā,Kammaññatā,Kammaññatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.prec.] workableness,adaptability,readiness,appl.to the wood of the sandal tree (in simile) A.I,9; said of kāya and citta in connection with kammaññattaṃ k°bhāvo k°mudutā:Dhs.46,47=326=641=730; cp.Dhs.585; similar Bdhd 16,20,71; DhsA.136,151 (=kammasādutā) <i>a°</i> unworkableness,inertness,unwieldiness,sluggishness Miln.300; Nett 86,108,cp.Dhs.1156,1236; DhsA.255; expl<sup>d</sup> as cittagelaññaṃ DhsA.377; as cetaso līnattaṃ Vbh.373.(Page 194),10,1
  5420. 209979,en,15,kammanta,kammanta,Kammanta,Kammanta,[Sk.karmānta; kamma+anta,cp.anta <sup>1</sup>4.] 1.doing,acting,working; work,business,occupation,profession.paṭicchanna° of secret acting Sn.127= Vbh.357; as being punished in Niraya A.I,60; S.IV,180; as occupation esp.in pl.kammantā:S.V,45=135; DhA.I,42 (kammantā nappavattanti,no business proceeds,all occupations are at a standstill); anākula° Sn.262=Kh V.5; abbhantarā k° uṇṇā ti vā,kappāsā ti vā as housework,falling to the share of the wife A.III,37=IV.365; khetta° occupation in the field A.III,77; see also D.I,71; M.III,7; S.I,204; Miln.9,33; and below; as place of occupation:Sn.p.13,PvA.62.Phrases:°ṃ <i>adhiṭṭhāti</i> to look after the business A.I,115; PvA.141; <i>jahati</i> give up the occupation S.IV,324; PvA.133; °ṃ <i>payojeti</i> to do or carry on business D.I,71; II,175; III,66,95; A.III,57; °ṃ <i>pavatteti</i> to set a business on foot PvA.42 (and vicāreti:PvA.93); °ṃ <i>saṃvidahati</i> to provide with work A.IV,269=272.Mhvs VI,16.-- 2.deed,action in ethical sense= kamma,character,etc.,Kh 136 (k°=kamma); <i>pāpa°</i> doing wrong Pv IV.81; IV,161; J.VI,104 (opp.puñña°); as specified by kāya° vacī °mano° A.V,292 sq.; VvA.130 (in parisuddha-kāya-kammantatā); dhammikā k°ā M.II,191; ākiṇṇa-k° (evam-) of such character S.I,204; kurūra-k° (adj.) of cruel character A.III,383=Pug.56 (in def.of puggalo orabbhiko); <i>sammā°</i> of right doing,opp.micchā°,as constituting one element of character as pertaining to “Magga” (:q.v.) D.II,216; S.II,168; V,1; A.III,411; Bdhd 135; expl.as kāya-kamma (=sīla 1--3) at S.V,9=Vbh.105; Vbh.235; as kāya-duccaritehi ārati virati ...Vbh.106.<br><br> <i>--âdhiṭṭhāyika</i> superintendent of work DhA.I,393; <i>--ṭṭhāna:</i> 1.the spot where the ceremonies of the Ploughing Festival take place J.I,57; 2.the common ground of a village,a village bazaar J.IV,306; <i>--dāsa</i> a farm-servant J.I,468; <i>--bheri</i> the drum announcing the (taking up of) business DhA.III,100; <i>--vipatti</i> “failure of action,” evil-doing A.I,270 opp.<i>--sampadā</i> “perfection of action,right-doing” A.I,271; <i>--saṃvidhāna</i> the providing of work D.III,191 (one of the 5 duties of the gahapati).(Page 194),8,1
  5421. 210053,en,15,kammantika,kammantika,Kammantika,Kammantika,(adj.) [fr.kammanta] 1.a business manager J.I,227.-- 2.a labourer,artisan,assistant J.I,377.(Page 194),10,1
  5422. 210304,en,15,kammara,kammāra,Kammāra,Kammāra,[Vedic karmāra] a smith,a worker in metals generally D.II,126,A.V,263; a silversmith Sn.962= Dh.239; J.I,223; a goldsmith J.III,281; V,282.The smiths in old India do not seem to be divided into black-,gold- and silver-smiths,but seem to have been able to work equally well in iron,gold,and silver,as can be seen e.g.from J.III,282 and VvA.250,where the smith is the maker of a needle.They were constituted into a guild,and some of them were well-to-do as appears from what is said of Cunda at D.II,126; owing to their usefulness they were held in great esteem by the people and king alike J.III,281.<br><br> <i>--uddhana</i> a smith’s furnace,a forge J.VI,218; <i>--kula</i> a smithy M.I,25; <i>kūṭa</i> a smith’s hammer Vism.254; <i>--gaggarī</i> a smith’s bellows S.I,106; J.VI,165; Vism.287 (in comparison); <i>--putta</i> “son of a smith,” i.e.a smith by birth and trade D.II,126; A.V,263; as goldsmith J.VI,237,Sn.48 (Nd<sup>2</sup> ad Loc.:k° vuccati suvaṇṇakāro); <i>--bhaṇḍu (bhaṇḍ</i>,cp.Sk.bhāṇḍika a barber) a smith with a bald head Vin.I,76; <i>--sālā</i> a smithy Vism.413; Mhvs 5,31.(Page 195),7,1
  5423. 210424,en,15,kammasa,kammāsa,Kammāsa,Kammāsa,[Vedic kalmāṣa,which may be referred,with kalana,kaluṣa,kalaṅka and Gr.kelainόs to <i>*qel</i>,fr.which also Sk.kāla black-blue,Gr.khlaζ,khliζ; Lat.cālīgo &#38; callidus] 1.variegated,spotted,blemished J.V,69 (°vaṇṇa),said of the spotted appearance of leprosy.-- fig.inconsistent,varying A.II,187.-- 2.(nt.) inconsistency,blemish,blot A.IV,55; Vism.51.-- <i>a°</i> not spotted,i.e.unblemished,pure,said of moral conduct D.II,80; A.II,52; III,36,572; VI,54,192; Bdhd 89.<br><br> <i>--kārin</i> in <i>a°</i> not acting inconsistently A.II,187; cp.ibid.243.<i>--pāda</i> 1.(a) having speckled feet J.V,475; (b) (m) one who has speckled feet,i.e.an ogre; also N.of a Yakkha J.V,503,511 (cp.J.P.T.S.1909,236 sq.).(Page 195),7,1
  5424. 211171,en,15,kammika,kammika,Kammika,Kammika,(adj.-n.) [fr.kamma] 1.(-°) one who does or looks after; one whose occupation is of such &#38; such a character:<i>āya°</i> revenue-overseer,treasurer DhA.I,184; <i>sabba°</i> (always with ref.to amacca,the king’s minister) one who does everything,the king’s confidant Vism.130; PvA.81.-- On term ādi° beginner (e.g.Vism.241) see Cpd.53,129 n.2.-- 2.a merchant,trader,in <i>jalapatha°</i> and <i>thalapatha°</i> by sea &#38; by land J.I,121.-- 3.a superintendent,overseer,manager J.II,305 (executioner of an order); VI,294; Mhvs 30,31.-- 4.one connected with the execution of an ecclesiastical Act Vin.II,5 (cp.p.22); Bdhd 106.(Page 195),7,1
  5425. 211179,en,15,kammin,kammin,Kammin,Kammin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.kamma,cp.kammaka] doing,performing,practising J.VI,105; Sdhp.196,292.(Page 195),6,1
  5426. 211243,en,15,kampa,kampa,Kampa,Kampa,(-°) [fr.<em>kamp</em>] trembling,shaking; tremor DA.I,130 (paṭhavi°); Sdhp.401; <i>a°</i> (adj.) not trembling,unshaken; calm,tranquil Sdhp.594; Mhvs 15,175.(Page 189),5,1
  5427. 211255,en,15,kampaka,kampaka,Kampaka,Kampaka,(adj.) [fr.kampa] shaking,one who shakes or causes to tremble Miln.343 (paṭhavi°).(Page 189),7,1
  5428. 211282,en,15,kampana,kampana,Kampana,Kampana,[fr.<em>kamp</em>] 1.adj.causing to shake DhA.I,84,trembling Kacc 271; 2.(nt) (a) an earthquake J.I,26 47; (b) tremor (of feelings) J.III,163.<br><br> <i>--rasa</i> (adj.) “whose essence is to tremble,” said of doubt (vicikicchā) DhsA.259.(Page 189),7,1
  5429. 211331,en,15,kampati,kampati,Kampati,Kampati,<i> </i>[<em>kamp</em> to shake Dhtp.186:calane; p.pres.kampanto,kampaṃ,kampamāna; aor.akampi; caus.kampeti; p.pres.kampetan Dpvs XVII.51; ger.kampayitvāna D.II,108; J.V,178] -- to shake,tremble,waver Kh 6; J.I,23; Sn.268 (expl.KhA 153:calati,vedhati); Bdhd 84;--Cp.anu°,pa°,vi°,sam°.-<i>kampamāna</i> (adj.) trembling J.III,161; agitated,troubled (°citta) J.II,337; <i>a°</i> not trembling,unhesitating,steadfast J.VI,293.(Page 189),7,1
  5430. 211394,en,15,kampin,kampin,Kampin,Kampin,(adj.) [fr.kampa] see vi°.(Page 189),6,1
  5431. 211414,en,15,kampiya,kampiya,Kampiya,Kampiya,(adj.) [grd.of kampati] in <i>a°</i> not to be shaken,immovable,strong Th.2,195; Miln.386; (nt.) firmness,said of the 5 moral powers (balāni) DA.I,64.(Page 189),7,1
  5432. 211418,en,15,kampuri,kampurī,Kampurī,Kampurī,(va.) at Th.2,262 is to be corr.into kambu-r-iva (see Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,76).(Page 189),7,1
  5433. 211425,en,15,kamsa,kaṃsa,Kaṃsa,Kaṃsa,[cp.Sk.kaṃsa; of uncertain etym.,perhaps of Babylonian origin,cp.hirañña] 1.bronze Miln.2; magnified by late commentators occasionally into silver or gold.Thus J.VI,504 (silver) and J.I,338; IV,107; VI,509 (gold),considered more suitable to a fairy king.-- 2.a bronze gong Dh.134 (DhA.III,58).-- 3.a bronze dish J.I,336; āpānīya° a bronze drinking cup,goblet M.I.316.-- 4.a “bronze,” i.e.a bronze coin worth 4 kahāpaṇas Vin.IV,255,256.See Rhys Davids,Coins and Measures §§ 12,22.-- “Golden bronze” in a fairy tale at Vv 5<sup>4</sup> is explained by Dhammapāla VvA.36 as “bells.” -- It is doubtful whether brass was known in the Gaṅges valley when the earlier books were composed; but <i>kaṃsa</i> may have meant metal as opposed to earthenware.See the compounds.<br><br> <i>--upadahārana</i> (n.a.) metal milk-pail (?) in phrase:dhenusahassāni dukūla-sandanāni (?) kaṃsūpadhāraṇām D.II,192; A.IV,393; J.VI,503 (expl<sup>d</sup> at 504).Kern (Toev.p.142) proposes correction to kaṃs’ûpadohana (=Sk.kāṃsy’opodohana),i.e.giving milk to the extent of a metal pailful.<i>--kaṇṭaka</i> metal thorns,bits of sharp metal,nails J.V,102 (cp.sakaṇṭaka) <i>--kūta</i> cheating with false or spurious metal D.I,5 (=DA.I,79:selling brass plates for gold ones).<i>--tāla</i> bronze gong DhA.I,389; DhsA.319 (°tāḷa); VvA.161 or cymbals J.VI,277.411.<i>--thāla</i> metal dish,as distinguished from earthenware D.I,74 (in simile of <i>dakkho nahāpako</i>=A.III,25) cp.DA.I,217; Vism.283 (in simile); DhA.III,57 (:a gong); DA.I,217; DhA.IV,67=J.III,224; reading at Miln.62 to be °tāla (see J.P.T.S.1886,122).<i>--pattharika</i> a dealer in bronze ware Vin.II,135.<i>--pāti </i>&<i> pātī a</i> bronze bowl,usually for food:M.I,25; A.IV,393; Sn.14; PvA.274.<i>--pūra</i> full of metal J.IV,107.<i>--bhaṇḍa</i> brass ware Vin.II,135.<i>--bhājana</i> a bronze vessel Vism.142 (in simile).<i>--maya</i> made of bronze Vin.I,190; II,112; <i>--mallaka</i> metal dish,e.g.of gold J.III,21.<i>--loha</i> bronze Miln.267.(Page 173),5,1
  5434. 211525,en,15,kamsati,kaṃsati,Kaṃsati,Kaṃsati,=kassati,see ava°.(Page 173),7,1
  5435. 211555,en,15,kamuka,kāmuka,Kāmuka,Kāmuka,(adj.-n.) [cp.Sk.kāmuka] desiring,loving,fond of; a sweetheart,lover J.V,306; Mhbv 3.(Page 206),6,1
  5436. 211614,en,15,kamya,kamya,Kamya,Kamya,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>kām</em>] wishing for,desiring DhsA.365 (sādhu°; v.l.°kāma); kamyā,Abl.in the desire for,see next.(Page 195),5,1
  5437. 211618,en,15,kamya,kamyā,Kamyā,Kamyā,(-°) in Abl.function (of kamyā f.for kamyāya or kamya adj.?) in the desire for:S.I,143=J.III,361 (expl<sup>d</sup> by kāmatāya); Sn.854,929.(Page 195),5,1
  5438. 211624,en,15,kamyata,kamyatā,Kamyatā,Kamyatā,(-°) &#38; kammatā (Nd) [fr.<em>kām</em>] wish,desire,longing for,striving after; with inf.or equivalent:kathetu° VvA.18; muñcitu° (+paṭisaṅkhā) Ps.I,60,65; Bdhd 123; asotu°,adaṭṭhu° and adassana° Vbh.372.Esp.in definitions,as of chanda:<i>kattu°</i> Vbh.208; Bdhd 20; of jappā:puñcikatā <i>sādhu°</i> Vbh.351; 361=Dhs.1059; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.taṇhā<SUP>II</SUP> (:has the better reading mucchañci katā asādhu°; v.l.pucchañci°; both Vbh.and Dhs.have sādu in text which should be corrected to asādhu°; see detail under puñcikatā); of māna; <i>ketu°</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 505; Dhs.1116=1233; Vbh.350 sq.; Bdhd 24; of lapanā:pāṭu° (v.l.cāṭu°) Vbh.246= 352.-- As Abl.(=kamyā) in dassana° S.I,193=Th.1,1241; Sn.121 (expl.as icchāya SnA 179).Cp.kammaññatā &#38; kamma-sādutā.(Page 195),7,1
  5439. 211635,en,15,kana,kaṇa,Kaṇa,Kaṇa,[Derivation uncertain,possibly connected with kana; positive of kanīyān=small; Vedic kaṇa] the fine red powder between the husk and the grain of rice,huskpowder D.I,9 (°homa),expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,93 by kuṇḍaka.‹-› (adj.) made of husk-powder or of finely broken rice,of cakes J.I,423 (k-pūva=kuṇḍakena pakka-pūva).--<i>akaṇa</i> (adj.) free from the coating of red powder.characteristic of the best rice Mhvs 5,30; Anvs 27 (akaṇaṃ karoti to whiten the rice).Cp.kākaṇa.<br><br> <i>--bhakkha</i> eating husk-powder,a practice of cert.ascetics D.I,166=M.I,78=A.I,241≈.(Page 178),4,1
  5440. 211651,en,15,kana,kāṇa,Kāṇa,Kāṇa,(adj.) [cp.Sk.kāṇa] blind,usually of one eye,occasionally of both (see PugA 227) S.I,94; Vin.II,90= A.I,107=II.85=Pug.51 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of tamaparāyaṇa purisa); Th.2,438; J.I,222 (one-eyed); VI,74 (of both eyes); DhA.III,71.<br><br> <i>--kaccha</i> Np.Sdhp.44; <i>--kacchapa</i> “the blind turtle” in the well-known parable of a man’s chances of human rebirth after a state of punishment Th.2,500 (=ThA.290); Miln.204; DhsA.60; cp.M.III,169=S.V,455.(Page 203),4,1
  5441. 211689,en,15,kanajaka,kaṇājaka,Kaṇājaka,Kaṇājaka,(nt.) a porridge of broken rice,eaten together with sour gruel (bilaṅga-dutiya; always in this comb<sup>n</sup> except at J.V,230) Vin.II,77 (cp.Vin.Texts III,9); S.I,90,91; A.I,145; IV,392; J.I,228; III,299; DhA.III,10; IV,77; VvA.222,298 (corr.bilaṅka; Hardy at VvA.Index p.364 expl.as “a certain weight”(?)).<br><br> <i>--bhatta</i> a meal of k.porridge J.V,230.(Page 178),8,1
  5442. 211709,en,15,kanaka,kanaka,Kanaka,Kanaka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kanaka; Gr.knh_kos yellow; Ags.hunig=E.honey.See also kañcana] gold,usually as <i>uttatta°</i> molten gold; said of the colour of the skin Bu I.59; Pv III,3<sup>2</sup>; J.V,416; PvA.10 suvaṇṇa).<br><br> <i>--agga</i> gold-crested J.V,156; <i>--chavin</i> of golden complexion J.VI,13; <i>--taca</i> (adj.) id.J.V,393; <i>--pabhā</i> golden splendour Bu XXIII,23; <i>--vimāna</i> a fairy palace of gold VvA.6; PvA.47,53; <i>--sikharī</i> a golden peak,in °rājā king of the golden peaks (i.e.Himālayas):Dāvs.IV,30.(Page 185),6,1
  5443. 211816,en,15,kanama,kānāmā,Kānāmā,Kānāmā,f.of konāma of what name? what is her (or your) name? Vin.II,272,273; J.VI,338.(Page 203),6,1
  5444. 211835,en,15,kanana,kānana,Kānana,Kānana,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kānana] a glade in the forest,a grove,wood Sn.1134 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.vanasaṇḍa); Th.2,254 (=ThA.210 upavana); J.VI,557; Sdhp.574.(Page 203),6,1
  5445. 211865,en,15,kanavera,kaṇavera,Kaṇavera,Kaṇavera,=kaṇavīra J.III,61; IV,191; V,420; VI,406.(Page 178),8,1
  5446. 211884,en,15,kanavira,kaṇavīra,Kaṇavīra,Kaṇavīra,[Sk.karavīra] Nerium odorum,oleander,the flower of which is frequently used in the garland worn by criminals when led to the place of execution (cp.Rouse,J.trsl.IV.119 and Mṛcchakaṭika X.beginning:diṇṇa-kalavīla-dāme.See also under kaṇṭha) Vism.183 (n); DhsA.317; SnA 283; VvA.177; cp.next.(Page 178),8,1
  5447. 211908,en,15,kanaya,kaṇaya,Kaṇaya,Kaṇaya,[Derivation unknown,cp.Sk.kaṇaya=kaṇapa] a sort of spear,lance J.I,273; II,364 (like a spear,of a bird’s beak); Miln.339.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> the point of a spear J.I,329 (like ...,of a beak).(Page 178),6,1
  5448. 211921,en,15,kancaka,kañcaka,Kañcaka,Kañcaka,a kind of tree (dāsima°) J.VI,536 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “dve rukkhajātiyo”).BB have koñcaka.(Page 175),7,1
  5449. 211929,en,15,kancana,kañcana,Kañcana,Kañcana,(nt.) [Derivation uncertain,cp.Sk.kāñeana,either from khacati (shine=the shining metal,cp.kāca (glass) &#38; Sk.<em>kāś</em>),or from kanaka gold,cp.Gr.knhkόs (yellow).P.kañcana is poetical] gold A.III,346= Th.1,691 (muttaṃ selā va k.); Th.2,266 (k° ssa phalakaṃ va); VvA.4,9 (=jātarūpa).Esp.freq.in cpds.=of or like gold.<br><br> <i>--agghika</i> a golden garland Bu X.26.<i>--agghiya</i> id.Bu V.29.<i>--āveḷā</i> id.J.VI,49; Vv 36<sup>2</sup>; Pv.II,12<sup>7</sup> (thus for °ācela); III,9<sup>3</sup>; PvA.157.<i>--kadalikkhaṇḍa</i> a g.bunch of bananas J.VI,13.<i>--thūpa</i> a gilt stupa DhA.III,483; IV,120.<i>--patimā</i> a gilt or golden image or statue J.VI,553; VvA.168.<i>--paṭṭa</i> a g.turban or coronet J.VI,217.<i>--patta</i> a g.dish J.V,377.<i>--pallaṅka</i> a gilt palanquin J.I,204.<i>--bimba</i> the golden bimba fruit Vv 36<sup>6</sup> (but expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.168 by majjita-kpaṭimā-sadisa “like a polished golden statue”).<i>--bubbula</i> a gilt ornament in form of a ball Mhvs 34,74.<i>--rūpa</i> a g.figure J.III,93.<i>--latā</i> g.strings surrounding the royal drum J.VI,589.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> of g.colour,gilt,shining,bright J.V,342 (=paṇḍara).<i>--velli</i> a g.robe,girdle or waist cloth J.V,398 (but expl<sup>d</sup> as “k-rūpakasadisa-sarīra “having a body like a g.statue”),cp.J.V,306,where velli is expl<sup>d</sup> by kacchā,girdle.<i>--sannibha</i> like g.,golden-coloured (cp.k-vaṇṇa and Sk.kanaka-varṇa Sp.Av.Ś.I.121,135,etc.),in phrase °taca “with golden-coloured skin,” Ep.of the Buddha and one of the 32 signs of a great man (mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇa) D.II,17; III,143,159; M.II,136; Miln.75; attr.of a devatā Vv 30<sup>2</sup>,32<sup>2</sup>; VvA.284; of a bhikkhu Sn.551=Th.1,821.<i>--sūci</i> a gold pin,a hair-pin of gold J.VI,242.(Page 175),7,1
  5450. 211996,en,15,kancanaka,kañcanaka,Kañcanaka,Kañcanaka,(adj.) golden J.IV,379 (°daṇḍa).(Page 176),9,1
  5451. 212220,en,15,kancuka,kañcuka,Kañcuka,Kañcuka,[from <em>kañc</em> (kac) to bind,cp.Gr.kάkala fetter,Sk.kañcuka] 1.a closely fitting jacket,a bodice Vin.I,306=II.267; A.I,145; DhA.III,295 (paṭa°ṃ paṭimuncitvā dressed in a close bodice); PvA.63 (urago tacaṃ kañcukaṃ omuñcanto viya).-- 2.the slough of a snake (cp.1) DA.I,222.-- 3.armour,coat of mail J.V,128 (sannāha°); DA.I,157 (of leather); Dāvs.V,14.-- 4.a case,covering,encasement; of one pagoda incasing another:Mhvs.I,42.(Page 176),7,1
  5452. 212245,en,15,kanda,kaṇḍa,Kaṇḍa,Kaṇḍa,(m.nt.) [perhaps as *kaldno fr.<i>*kalad</i> to break,cp.Gr.kladarόs,Lat.clades,etc.,Sk.kāṇḍa.See also khagga and khaṇḍa] 1.the portion of a stalk or cane between one knot and another; the whole stalk or shaft; the shaft of an arrow,an arrow in general M.I,429 (two kinds of arrows:kaccha &#38; ropima,cp.kaṇḍa-cittaka); J.I,150; II,91; III,273; V,39; Miln.44,73; Mhvs 25,89.As arrow also in the “Tell” story of Culladhanuggaha at J.III,220 &#38; DhA.IV,66.‹-› 2.a section,portion or paragraph of a book DA.I,12; Pgdp 161.-- 3.a small portion,a bit or lump DhA.I,134 (pūva°); Mhvs 17,35.-- 4.kaṇḍaṃ (adv.) a portion of time,for a while,a little Pgdp 36.-- See also <i>khaṇḍa</i>,with which it is often confounded.Der.upa-<i>kaṇḍakin</i> (adj.) (thin) like a stalk or arrow Pv.II.1<sup>13</sup> (of a Petī).<br><br> <i>--gamana</i> the going of an arrow,i.e.the distance covered by an arrow in flight,a bow-shot J.II,334; cp.kaṇḍu.<i>--cittaka</i> (Sk.kāṇḍa-citraka) an excellent arrow A.II,202.<i>--nāḷī</i> a quiver J.III,220.<i>--pahāra</i> an arrow-shot,arrow-wound Miln.16 (ekena k-paharena dve mahākāyā padālitā “two birds killed with one stone”),73.<i>--vāraṇa</i> (adj.) warding off arrows,appl.to a shield J.VI,592 (nt.); a shield J.IV,366.(Page 179),5,1
  5453. 212256,en,15,kanda,kanda,Kanda,Kanda,[Sk.kanda] a tuberous root,a bulb,tuber,as radish,etc.J.I,273; IV,373; VI,516; VvA.335; °mūla bulbs and roots (°phala) D.I,101; a bulbous root J.V,202.(Page 186),5,1
  5454. 212287,en,15,kandaka,kaṇḍaka,Kaṇḍaka,Kaṇḍaka,=kaṇṭaka Vin.II,318 (Bdhgh.); A.III,383; Bu XIII,29.--<i>akaṇḍaka</i> free from thieves,safe,secure PvA.161.(Page 179),7,1
  5455. 212315,en,15,kandala,kandala,Kandala,Kandala,N.of a plant with white flowers J.IV,442.--makuḷa knob (?) of k.plant Vism.253 (as in description of sinews).(Page 186),7,1
  5456. 212317,en,15,kandala,kandaḷa,Kandaḷa,Kandaḷa,N.of esculent water lily,having an enormous bulb D.I,264.(Page 186),7,1
  5457. 212365,en,15,kandana,kandana,Kandana,Kandana,(nt.) [Sk.krandana] crying,lamenting PvA.262 (Page 186),7,1
  5458. 212396,en,15,kandara,kaṇḍarā,Kaṇḍarā,Kaṇḍarā,(f.) sinew,tendon Vin.I,91,322 (in cpd.kaṇḍara-cchinna one whose tendons (of the feet) have been cut); Kvu 23,31; Vism.253,254 (where KhA 49 reads miñja).(Page 179),7,1
  5459. 212407,en,15,kandara,kandara,Kandara,Kandara,[Sk.kandara] -- 1.a cave,grotto,generally,on the slope or at the foot of a mountain Vin.II,76,146; used as a dwelling-place Th.1,602; J.I,205; III,172.‹-› 2.a glen,defile,gully D.I,71=A.II,210=Pug.59; A.IV,437; Miln.36; expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,209 (as a mountainous part broken by the water of a river; the etym.is a popular one,viz.“kaṃ vuccati udakaṃ; tena dāritaṃ”).k-padarasākhā A.I,243=II.240; PvA.29.(Page 186),7,1
  5460. 212462,en,15,kandati,kandati,Kandati,Kandati,[Sk.krandati to <i>*q(e)lem;</i> cp.Gr.kalέw,kέlados,Lat.clamor,calare,calendae,Ohg.hellan to shout] to cry,wail,weep,lament,bewail Dh.371; Vv 83<sup>12</sup>; J.VI,166; Miln.11,148; freq.of Petas:PvA.43,160,262 (cp.rodati).-- In kāmaguṇā pass.urattāḷiṃ k.M.I.86=Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; A.III,54 (urattāḷī for °iṃ v.l.); in phrase bāhā paggayha k° Vin.I,237; II,284; J.V,267.(Page 186),7,1
  5461. 212494,en,15,kandin,kaṇḍin,Kaṇḍin,Kaṇḍin,(adj.) having a shaft inserted,appl.to the head of an arrow (salla) J.I,155; (m.) an archer ibid.(Page 179),6,1
  5462. 212497,en,15,kandita,kaṇḍita,Kaṇḍita,Kaṇḍita,at J.I,155 is misprint; read:kaṇḍam assa atthī ti kaṇḍī taṃ kaṇḍinaṃ.(Page 179),7,1
  5463. 212503,en,15,kandita,kandita,Kandita,Kandita,(adj.) [pp.of kandati] weeping,lamenting Dāvs.IV,46; a° not weeping J.III,58.(n.nt.) crying,lamentation J.III,57; Miln.148.(Page 186),7,1
  5464. 212520,en,15,kandolika,kaṇḍolikā,Kaṇḍolikā,Kaṇḍolikā,(f.) a wicker-basket or stand Vin.II,114,143 (see Vin.Texts III,86).(Page 179),9,1
  5465. 212529,en,15,kandu°,kaṇḍu°,Kaṇḍu°,Kaṇḍu°,<sup>2</sup> [=kaṇḍa in comp<sup>n</sup>] an arrow-shot (as measure),in sahassa-kaṇḍu sata-bheṇḍu Th.1,164=J.II,334 (but the latter:sata-bhedo),expl<sup>d</sup> at Th.1,164<sup>n</sup> by sahassakaṇḍo sahassa [sata?]--bhūmako,and at J.II,334 by sahassa-kaṇḍubbedho ti pāsādo satabhūmiko ahosi; in preceding lines the expression used is “sahassa-kaṇḍagamanaṃ uccaṃ.” (Page 179),6,1
  5466. 212530,en,15,kandu,kaṇḍu,Kaṇḍu,Kaṇḍu,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [perhaps from <i>*kanad</i> to bite,scratch; cp.Sk.kandara,Gr.knadaλlw to bite,knw/dwn,knw/dalon,etc.,Sk.kaṇḍu m. &#38; f.] the itch,itching,itchy feeling,desire to scratch Vin.I,202,296; J.V.198; Vism.345.kaṇḍuṃ karoti to make or cause to itch J.V,198; vineti to allay the itch,to scratch J.V,199.-(fig.) worldly attachment,irritation caused by the lusts,in “kaṇḍuṃ saṃhanti” (as result of jhāna) A.IV,437.<br><br> <i>--uppala</i> a kind of lotus-blossom Dāvs.IV,48; <i>--paṭicchādi</i> an “itch-cloth,” i.e.a covering allowed to the bhikkhus when suffering from itch or other cutaneous disease Vin.I,296,297; IV,171,172.<i>--rogin</i> (adj.) suffering from the itch Khus 105.(Page 179),5,1
  5467. 212542,en,15,kanduka,kaṇḍuka,Kaṇḍuka,Kaṇḍuka,the itch,itchy feeling,irritation J.V,198.(Page 179),7,1
  5468. 212584,en,15,kandusa,kaṇḍusa,Kaṇḍusa,Kaṇḍusa,(nt.) a strip of cloth used to mark the kaṭhina robe,in <i>°karaṇa</i> Vin.I,254,and <i>°ka</i> ibid.290.(Page 179),7,1
  5469. 212607,en,15,kanduvana,kaṇḍuvana,Kaṇḍuvana,Kaṇḍuvana,(nt.) [fr.kaṇḍūvati] 1.itching,itchy feeling DhA.I,440; cp.Dhātumañjūsā no.416 <i>kaṇḍūvana</i>.‹-› 2.scratching,scraping M.I,508; J.II,249 (appl.to bad music).(Page 179),9,1
  5470. 212629,en,15,kanduvati,kaṇḍuvati,Kaṇḍuvati,Kaṇḍuvati,(kandūvati) [denom.fr.kaṇḍu.Sk.kandūyati] 1.to itch,to be itchy,to be irritated,to suffer from itch Vin.I,205; II,121; J.V,198 (kaṇḍuvāyati); DhA.III,297 (kaṇḍūvantī).-- 2.to scratch,rub,scrape A.II,207; J.VI,413; Pug.56.(Page 179),9,1
  5471. 212656,en,15,kanduyana,kaṇḍūyana,Kaṇḍūyana,Kaṇḍūyana,(nt.) [See kaṇḍuvana] the itch J.V,69.(Page 179),9,1
  5472. 212676,en,15,kanerika,kaṇerika,Kaṇerika,Kaṇerika,(nt.) a helmet (?) J.VI,397.(Page 178),8,1
  5473. 212683,en,15,kaneru,kaṇeru,Kaṇeru,Kaṇeru,(m.f.) [Derivation uncertain,just possibly connected with kara,trunk.Sanskrit has kareṇu,but the medieval vocabularies give also kaṇeru] a young elephant J.II,342; IV,49; V,39,50,416; VI,497; DhA.I,196 (v.l.) kareṇukā) -- f.<i>°kā</i> M.I,178.-- See also <i>kareṇu</i>.(Page 178),6,1
  5474. 212704,en,15,kangu,kaṅgu,Kaṅgu,Kaṅgu,(f.) [derivation unknown,prob.non-Aryan,cp.Sk.kaṅgu] the panic seed,Panicum Italicum; millet,used as food by the poor (cp.piyaṅgu); mentioned as one of the seven kinds of grains (see dhañña) at Vin.IV,264; DA.I,78.-- Miln.267; Mhvs 32,30.<br><br> <i>--piṭṭha</i> millet flour,in °maya made of m.meal J.VI,581.<i>--bhatta</i> a dish of (boiled) millet meal Vism.418 (in simile).(Page 175),5,1
  5475. 212748,en,15,kanha,kanha,Kanha,Kanha,(adj.) [cp.Vedic kṛṣṇa,Lith.kérszas] dark,black,as attr.of darkness,opposed to light,syn.with kāḷa (q.v.for etym.); opp.sukka.In general it is hard to separate the lit.and fig.meanings,an ethical implication is to be found in nearly all cases (except 1.).The contrast with <i>sukka</i> (brightness) goes through all applications,with ref.to light as well as quality.I.Of the sense of sight:<i>k-sukka</i> dark &#38; bright (about black &#38; white see nīla &#38; seta),forming one system of coloursensations (the colourless,as distinguished from the red-green and yellow-blue systems).As such enum<sup>d</sup> in connection with quasi definition of vision,together with nīla,pīta,lohita,mañjeṭṭha at D.II,328=M.I,509 sq.=II.201 (see also mañjeṭṭha).-- II.(objective).1.of dark (black),poisonous snakes:<i>kaṇhā</i> (f.) J.II,215 (=kāḷa-sappa C); <i>°sappa</i> J.I,336; III,269,347; V,446; Vism.664 (in simile); Miln.149; PvA.62; <i>°sīsā</i> with black heads A.III,241 (kimī).-- 2.of (an abundance of) smooth,dark (=shiny) hair (cp.in meaning E.gloom:gloss=black:shiny),as Ep.of King Vasudeva Pv.II,6<sup>1</sup>,syn.with Kesavā (the Hairy,cp.*)apoλlwn *ou)laίos Samson,etc.,see also siniddha-,nīla-,kāla-kesa).sukaṇha-sīsa with very dark hair J.V,205,also as sukaṇha-kaṇha-sīsa J.V,202 (cp.susukāḷa).<i>°jaṭi</i> an ascetic with dark &#38; glossy hair J.VI,507,cp.V.205 sukaṇhajaṭila.<i>°añjana</i> glossy polish J.V,155 (expl<sup>d</sup> as sukhumakaṇha-lom’ācitattā).-- 3.of the black trail of fire in <i>°vattanin</i> (cp.Vedic kṛṣṇa-vartaniṃ agniṃ R.V.VIII,23,19) S.I,69=J.III,140 (cp.III,9); J.V,63.‹-› 4.of the black (fertile) soil of Avanti “kaṇh-uttara” black on the surface Vin.I,195.-- III,(Applied).1.<i>°pakkha</i> the dark (moonless) half of the month,during which the spirits of the departed suffer and the powers of darkness prevail PvA.135,cp.Pv III,6<sup>4</sup>,see also pakkha<sup>1</sup> 3.-- 2.attr.of all dark powers and anything belonging to their sphere,e.g.of Māra Sn.355,439 (=Namuci); of demons,goblins (pisācā) D.I,93 with ref.to the “black-born” ancestor of the Kaṇhāyanas (cp.Dh.I,263 kāḷa-vaṇṇa),cp.also kāḷa in °sunakha,the Dog of Purgatory PvA.152.-- 3.of a dark,i.e.miserable,unfortunate birth,or social condition D.III,81 sq.(brāhmano va sukko vaṇṇo,kaṇho añño vaṇṇo).<i>°abhijāti</i> a special species of men according to the doctrine of Gosāla DA.I,162; A.III,383 sq.<i>°abhijātika</i> “of black birth,” of low social grade D.III,251=A.III,384; Sn.563; cp.Th.1,833 and J.P.T.S.1893,11; in the sense of “evil disposition” at J.V,87 (expl<sup>d</sup> as kāḷaka-sabhāva).-- 4.of dark,evil actions or qualities:<i>°dhamma</i> A.V,232=Dh.87; D.III,82; Sn.967; Pug.30; Miln.200,337; <i>°paṭipadā</i> J.I,105,and <i>°magga</i> the evil way A.V,244,278; <i>°bhāvakara</i> causing a low (re-)birth J.IV,9 (+ pāpa-kammāni),and in same context as dhamma comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>°sukka</i> at A.IV,33; Sn.526 (where kaṇhā° for kaṇha°):Miln.37; <i>°kamma</i> “black action” M.I,39; <i>°vipāka</i> black result,4 kinds of actions and 4 results,viz.<i>kaṇha°</i>,<i> sukka°</i>,<i> kaṇha-sukka°</i>,<i> akaṇha-asukka°</i> D III,230=M.I,389 sq.=A.II,230 sq.; Nett 232.<i>akaṇha</i> 1.not dark,i.e.light,in <i>°netta</i> with bright eyes,Ep.of King Pingala-netta J.II,242 in contrast with Māra (although pingala-cakkhu is also Ep.of Māra or his representatives,cp.J.V,42; Pv.II,4<sup>1</sup>).-- 2.not evil,i.e.good A.II,230,231.--<i>atikaṇha</i> very dark Vin.IV,7; <i>sukaṇha</i> id.see above II.2.(Page 180),5,1
  5476. 213003,en,15,kanika,kaṇikā,Kaṇikā,Kaṇikā,(f.) [cp.kaṇa] 1.a small particle of broken rice (opp.taṇḍula a full grain) J.VI,341,366 (°āhi pūvaṃ pacitvā).2.a small spot,a freckle,mole,in <i>a°</i> (adj.) having no moles D.I,80,and <i>sa°</i> with moles D.I.80 (cp.DA.I,223).(Page 178),6,1
  5477. 213018,en,15,kanikara,kanikāra,Kanikāra,Kanikāra,(m.nt.) &#38; kaṇṇikāra J.IV,440; V,420; the difference stated at J.V,422 is kaṇi°=mahāpupphā kaṇṇi°=khuddakapupphā) [Sk.karṇikāra]--1.(m.) the tree Pterospermum acerifolium J.I,40; V,295; VI,269,537.-- 2.(nt.) its (yellow) flower (k-<i>puppha</i>),taken metaphorically as typical emblem of yellow and of brightness.Thus in similes at D.II,111 (=pīta)= M.II,14 (ṇṇ)=A.V,61 (ṇṇ); DhA.I,388; of the yellow robes (kāsāyāni) J.II,25; with ref.to the blood of the heart Vism.256;=golden VvA.65; DhA.II,250 (v.l.ṇṇ).<br><br> <i>--makula</i> a k.bud J.II,83.(Page 178),8,1
  5478. 213096,en,15,kanittha,kaniṭṭha,Kaniṭṭha,Kaniṭṭha,(adj.) [Sk.kaniṣṭha; compar. &#38; superl.; see kaññā] younger,youngest,younger born Vin.III,146 (isi the younger); J.II,6; PvA.42,54; esp.the younger brother (opp.jeṭṭha,°ka) J.I,132; DhA.I,6,13; Mhvs.9,7; PvA.19,55.Comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>jeṭṭhaka</i> the elder &#38; younger brothers J.I,253; sabba- k.the very youngest J.I,395.f.kaniṭṭhā the youngest daughter DhA.I,396.-- fig.later,lesser,inferior,in <i>°phala</i> the lesser fruit (of sanctification) Pv IV.1<sup>88</sup>.-- <i>akaniṭṭha</i> “not the smaller” i.e.the greatest,highest; in akaniṭṭhagāmin going to the highest gods (cp.parinibbāyin) S.V,237= 285,etc.<i>°bhavana</i> the abode of the highest gods J.III,487.(Page 185),8,1
  5479. 213135,en,15,kanitthaka,kaniṭṭhaka,Kaniṭṭhaka,Kaniṭṭhaka,(adj.) younger (opp.jeṭṭha) A.IV,93=J.II,348; DhA.I,152; the younger brother Mhvs 5,33,8,10; 35,49; 36,116; <i>--°ikā</i> and <i>°akā</i> a younger sister,Mhvs 1,49; Pv.I,11<sup>5</sup> (better read for kaniṭṭhā).(Page 185),10,1
  5480. 213161,en,15,kanitthatta,kaniṭṭhatta,Kaniṭṭhatta,Kaniṭṭhatta,(nt.) the more recent and therefore lower,less developed state (of sanctification) DhA.I,152.(Page 185),11,1
  5481. 213172,en,15,kanitthi,kaniṭṭhī,Kaniṭṭhī,Kaniṭṭhī,(f.) a younger sister Mhvs 7,67.(Page 185),8,1
  5482. 213185,en,15,kaniya,kaniya,Kaniya,Kaniya,(adj.) [compar.of kan°,Sk.kanīyaṃs] younger,less,inferior Kacc 122 (only as a grammarian’s construction,not in the living language where it had coalesced with *kanyā=kaññā).(Page 185),6,1
  5483. 213193,en,15,kanjaka,kañjaka,Kañjaka,Kañjaka,N.of a class of Titans PvA.272 (kāḷa-k°-bhedā Asurā; should we read khañjaka? Cp.Hardy,Manual of Buddhism 59).(Page 176),7,1
  5484. 213204,en,15,kanjika,kañjika,Kañjika,Kañjika,(nt.) [Sk.kāñjika] sour rice-gruel J.I,238 (udaka°); Vv 33<sup>37</sup> (amba°),43<sup>5</sup> (=yāgu VvA.186); DhA.I,78,288; VvA.99 (ācāma-k°-loṇudaka as expl<sup>n</sup> of loṇa-sovīraka “salty fluid,i.e.the scum of sour gruel”).Cp.next.(Page 176),7,1
  5485. 213231,en,15,kanjiya,kañjiya,Kañjiya,Kañjiya,(nt.)=kañjika; J.III,145 (ambila°); VI,365 (°āpaṇa); DhA.II,3; IV,164.<br><br> <i>--teḷa</i> a thick substance rising as a scum on rice-gruel,used in straightening arrows DhA.I,288.(Page 176),7,1
  5486. 213247,en,15,kanka,kaṅka,Kaṅka,Kaṅka,[Sk.kaṅka,to sound-root <em>kṇ</em>,cp.kiṅkiṇī &#38; see note on gala] a heron M.I,364,429; J.V,475.<br><br> <i>--patta</i> a heron’s plume J.V,475.(Page 174),5,1
  5487. 213255,en,15,kankala,kaṅkala,Kaṅkala,Kaṅkala,[Sk.kaṅkāla &#38; cp.śṛṅkhala (as kaṇṇa›śṛnga),orig.meaning “chain”] skeleton; only in cpd.atthi°.Aṭṭhikaṅkal’ūpamā kāmā Vin.II,25; M.I,130,364; J.V,210; Th.1,1150 (°kuṭika):aṭṭhikaṅkalasannibha Th.2,488 (=ThA.287; cp.Morris,J.P.T.S.1885,75):aṭṭhikaṅkala aṭṭhi-puñja aṭṭhi-rāsi S.II,185=It.17 (but in the verses on same page:puggalass’aṭṭhisañcayo).Cp.aṭṭhisaṅkhalikā PvA.152; aṭṭhika saṅkhalikā J.I,433; aṭṭhi-saṅghāṭa Th.1,60.(Page 174),7,1
  5488. 213262,en,15,kankana,kaṅkaṇa,Kaṅkaṇa,Kaṅkaṇa,(nt.) [to same root as kaṅka] a bracelet,ornament for the wrist Th.2,259 (=ThA.211).(Page 174),7,1
  5489. 213274,en,15,kankata,kaṅkata,Kaṅkata,Kaṅkata,[=kaṃ or kiṃ+kṛta,to kiṇi,“the tinklings”] elephant’s trappings VvA.104 (=kappa).(Page 174),7,1
  5490. 213288,en,15,kankha,kaṅkhā,Kaṅkhā,Kaṅkhā,(f.) [cp.Sk.kāṅkṣā] 1.doubt,uncertainty S.I,181; III,203 (dukkhe k.etc.; cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 1); Sn.541,1149; °ṃ vinayati Sn.58,559,1025; k.pahīyati Ps.II,62; comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>vimati</i>:D.I,105; III,116; S.IV,327; V,161; A.II,79,160,185; DA.I,274; with <i>vicikicchā</i>:S.IV,350; Dhs.425.Defined as = kaṅkhāyanā &#38; kaṅkhāyitatta Nd<sup>2</sup>1; Dhs.425 (under vicikicchā).3 doubts enum<sup>d</sup> at D.III,217; 4 in passages with vimati (see above); 7 at Dhs.1004; 8 at Nd<sup>2</sup> 1 &#38; Dhs.1118; 16 at M.I,8 &#38; Vism.518.-- 2.as adj.doubting,doubtful,in <i>akaṅkha</i> one who has overcome all doubt,one who possesses right knowledge (vijjā),in comb<sup>ns</sup> akaṅkha apiha anupaya S.I,181; akhila a.Sn.477,1059; Nd<sup>2</sup>I; cp.vitiṇṇa° Sn.514; avitiṇṇa° Sn.249,318,320 (=ajānaṃ); nikkaṅkha S.II,84 (+nibbicikiccha).-- 3.expectation SA 183.-- On connotation of k.in general see Dhs.trsl.p.115 n<sup>1</sup>.<br><br> <i>--cchida</i> removing or destroying doubt Sn.87.<i>--cchedana</i> the removal of d.J.I,98; IV,69.<i>--ṭṭhāniya</i> founded on d.,doubtful (dhammā) D.III,285; A.IV,152,154; V,16; AA 689.<i>--dhamma</i> a doubting state of mind,doubt D.II,149; S.IV,350.<i>--vitaraṇa</i> overcoming of doubt Miln.233; DhsA.352,°visuddhi complete purification in consequence of the removal of all doubt D.III,288; M.I,147; Ud.60; Vism.523; Bdhd 116 sq.<i>--samaṅgin</i> affected with doubts,having doubts DhsA.259.(Page 174),6,1
  5491. 213330,en,15,kankhana,kaṅkhana,Kaṅkhana,Kaṅkhana,(nt.) doubting,doubt,hesitation MA 97; DhsA.259.(Page 174),8,1
  5492. 213345,en,15,kankhaniya,kaṅkhanīya,Kaṅkhanīya,Kaṅkhanīya,[grd.of kaṅkhati] to be doubted S.IV,399.(Page 174),10,1
  5493. 213392,en,15,kankhati,kaṅkhati,Kaṅkhati,Kaṅkhati,[Sk.<em>kāṅkṣ</em> cp.<em>śaṅk</em>,Lat.cunctor] 1.with Loc.:to be uncertain,unsettled,to doubt (syn.<i>vicikicchati</i>,with which always combined).<i>Kaṅkhati vicikicchati dvīsu mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇesu</i> D.I,106 is in doubt and perplexity about (Bgh’s gloss,<i>patthanaṃ uppādati</i> DA.I,275,is more edifying than exact.)=Sn.107; na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati S.II,17=III,135; kaṅkheyya vicikiccheyya S.II,50,54; III,122; V,225 (corr.khaṅkheyya!) 226; same with Satthari kaṅkheyya dhamme° saṅghe° sikkhāya° A.IV,460=V.17=M.I,101=Dhs.1004; cp.Dhs.1118.-- 2.with Acc.:to expect,to wait for,to look forward to.<i>Kālaṃ k</i>.to abide one’s time,to wait for death S.I,65 (appiccho sorato danto k.k.bhāvito (so read for bhatiko) sudanto); Sn.516 (id.with bhāvito sadanto); It.69 (id.bhāvitatto).-J.V,411 (=icchati); VI,229 (=oloketi).<i>pp</i>.<i> kaṅkhita</i> S.III,99; Sn.540; (+vicikicchita); inf.<i>kaṅkhituṃ</i> S.IV,350=399 (+vicikicchituṃ).(Page 174),8,1
  5494. 213442,en,15,kankhayana,kaṅkhāyanā,Kaṅkhāyanā,Kaṅkhāyanā,(f.) +<i>kaṅkhāyitatta</i> (nt.) doubting and hesitation,doubtfulness,Nd<sup>2</sup> 1; Dhs.425,1004,1118; DhsA.259.(Page 175),10,1
  5495. 213448,en,15,kankhayati,kaṅkhāyati,Kaṅkhāyati,Kaṅkhāyati,[denom.fr.kaṅkhā] to doubt,pp.<i>Kaṅkhāyita</i> Sn.1021.(Page 175),10,1
  5496. 213468,en,15,kankhin,kaṅkhin,Kaṅkhin,Kaṅkhin,(adj.) [Sk.kāṅkṣin] 1.doubting,wavering,undecided,irresolute D.II,241; Sn.1148; Nd<sup>2</sup> 185; comb<sup>d</sup> with vecikicchin S.III,99; M.I,18; A.II,174; Sn.510.-- 2.longing for Pgdp 106 (mokkha°).-- <i>akaṅkhin</i> not doubting,confident,sure (cp.<i>akaṅkha</i>) D.II,241; A.II,175.(Page 175),7,1
  5497. 213496,en,15,kankutthaka,kaṅkuṭṭhaka,Kaṅkuṭṭhaka,Kaṅkuṭṭhaka,[cp.Sk.kaṅkuṣṭha] a kind of soil or mould,of a golden or silver colour Mhvs 32.6 (see note on p.355).(Page 174),11,1
  5498. 213503,en,15,kanna,kaññā,Kaññā,Kaññā,(f.) [from kanīna young,compar.kanīyah,superl.kaniṣṭha; orig.“newly sprung” from <i>*qen</i>,cp.Gr.kainόs,Vedic kanyā,Lat.re-cen(t)s,Ags.hindema “novissimus.” See also kaniṭṭha] a young (unmarried) woman,maiden,girl Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup>.-- As emblem of beauty in simile khattiya-kaññā vā ...pannarasa-vassuddesikā vā solasa-vassuddesikā vā ...M.I,88; in comb<sup>n</sup> khattiya-kaññā,brāhmaṇa-k°,etc.A.II,205; IV,128; Kisāgotamī nāma khattiya-k° J.I,60; deva° a celestial nymph J.I,61.<br><br> <i>--dāna</i> giving away of a girl in marriage Pgdp 85.(Page 176),5,1
  5499. 213515,en,15,kanna,kaṇṇa,Kaṇṇa,Kaṇṇa,[Vedic karṇa,orig.not associated with hearing,therefore not used to signify the sense (sota is used instead; cp.akkhi›cakkhu),but as “projection” to <i>*ker</i>,from which also Sk.śṛṇga horn.Cp.Gr.kόrus helmet; Lat.cornu &#38; cervus=E.corner,horn &#38; hart.Further related Sk.aśri (caturaśraḥ four-cornered),śaṣkuli auditory passage; Lat.ācer=Gr.a]/kris,a]/kanos,o]cuζ; Ger.ecke; also Sk.śūla &#38; P.koṇa] 1.a corner,an angle Vin.I,48,286; J.I,73; III,42; V,38; VI,519; PvA.74; DhA.II,178; Dāvs II.111.--<i>cīvara°</i> the edge of the garment Vism.389.Freq.in cpd.<i>catu°</i> (catukkaṇṇa) four-cornered,square,as Ep.of Niraya Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III</SUP>=Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> by catu-koṇa).Also of cloth Vin.II,228; J.I,426; IV,250.-- 2.the ear Sn.608; J.I,146,194; DhA.I,390 (dasā°).Freq.in phrase <i>kaṇṇaṃ chindati</i> (to cut off the ear) as punishment,e.g.A.I,47.-- Loc.<i>kaṇṇe</i> in the ear,i.e.in a low tone,in a whisper DhA.I,166.-- 3.the tip of a spoon J.I.347.--<i>assakaṇṇa</i> N.of a tree (see under assa<sup>3</sup>).<br><br> <i>--alaṅkāra</i> an ornament for the ear J.V,409.<i>--āyata</i> (mutta) (a pearl) inserted in the lobe of the ear J.II,275,276.<i>--kita</i> (should it be kaṇha°? cp.paṃsukita,malaggakita; kita=kata) spoiled,rusty,blunt Vin.II,115 (of needles); dirty,mouldy Vin.I,48 (of a floor); II,209 (of walls); stained,soiled Vin.IV,281 (of robes).<i>--gūthaka</i> the cerumen,wax,of the ear,Vin.II,134; Sn.197= J.I,146.<i>--cālana</i> shaking the ears J.III,99.<i>--cūḷa</i> the root of the ear J.VI,488; as °cūlikā at J.II,276; Vism.255; DhA.IV,13.<i>--chidda</i> (nt.) the orifice of the ear,the outer auditory passage (cp.sūci-chidda eye of the needle) Vin.III,39; J.II,244,261.<i>--chinna</i> one whose ears are cut off Vin.I,322; Kvu 31.<i>--cheda</i> cutting or tearing off of the ear Miln.197,290.<i>--jappaka</i> one who whispers into the ear,one who tells secretly,also a gossip Vin.II,98; <i>sa°</i> whispered into the ear,appl.to a method of taking votes ibid.Cp.upakaṇṇakajappin.<i>--jappana</i> whispering into the ear D.I,11; DA.I,97.<i>--tela</i> anointing the ear with medicinal oil D.I,12 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,98,where reading is °telanaṃ).<i>--nāsa</i> ear &#38; nose J.II,117; Miln.5 (°chinna).<i>--patta</i> the lobe of the ear J.V,463.As °panta at ThA.211.<i>--pāli</i>=°patta Th.2,259 (expl<sup>d</sup> by °panta).<i>--piṭṭhī</i> the upper part or top of the ear DhA.I,394.<i>--puccha</i> the “tail” or flap of the ear Sdhp.168.<i>--bila</i> orifice of the ear Vism.195.<i>--bheri</i> a sort of drum.Cp.IX.24.<i>--mala</i> “ear-dirt,” ear-wax,in °haraṇī,an instrument for removing the wax from the ear Vin.II,135.<i>--mālā</i> a garland from corner to corner (of a temple) Dāvs II.111.<i>--muṇḍa</i> 1.(adj.) one whose ears have been shorn or clipped Pv.II,12<sup>18</sup> (of the dog of Hell,cp.PvA.152 chinnakaṇṇa).-- 2.(°ka) “with blunt corners,” N.of the first one of the fabulous 7 Great Lakes (satta-mahāsarā) in the Himavant,enum<sup>d</sup> at J.V,415; Vism.416; DA.I,164.<i>--mūla</i> the root of the ear,the ear in Gen.J.I,335; III,124; Loc.fig in a low tone DhA.I,173; near,near by DhA.II,8 (mama k.).<i>--roga</i> a disease of the ear DhsA.340.<i>--vallī</i> the lobe of the ear Mhvs 25,94.<i>--vijjhana</i> perforating the ear,°maṅgala the ceremony of ear-piercing DhA.II,87; cp.maṅgala.<i>--vedha</i> (cp.prec.) ear-piercing,a quasi religious ceremony on children J.V,167.<i>--sakkhali </i>&<i> °ikā</i> the orifice or auditory passage of the ear DhA.I,148; DhsA.334,in which latter passage °ikaṃ paharati means to impinge on the ear (said of the wind); °ikaṃ bhindati (=bhindanto viya paharati) to break the ear (with unpleasant words) DhA.II,178 (T.saṅkhaliṃ,v.l.sakkhaliṃ).<i>--saṅkhali</i> a small chain attached to the ear with a small ornament suspended from it J.V,438.<i>--sandhovika</i> washing the ears A.V,202.<i>--sukha</i> 1.(adj.) pleasant to the ear,agreable D.I,4=M.I,179,268 =A.II,209≈; Miln.1; DA.I,75=DhsA.397; -- 2.(nt.) pleasant speech J.II,187; V,167; opp.<i>kaṇṇa-</i>sūla.<i>--sutta</i> an ornamental string hanging from the ear Vin.II,143.<i>--suttaka</i> a string from corner to corner,a clothes-line Vin.I,286.<i>--sūla</i> 1.a piercing pain (lit.stake) in the ear,ear-ache VvA.243.-- 2.what is disagreeable to hear,harsh speech DhsA.397 (opp.°sukha).<br><br> <i>--sota</i> the auditory passage,the ear (+ nāsika-sotāni,as ubho sotāni,i.e.heṭṭhā &#38; uparimā) D.I,106=Sn.p.108; A.IV,86; J.II,359; Miln.286,357; DhA.II,72.(Page 179),5,1
  5500. 213524,en,15,kanna,kanna,Kanna,Kanna,(adj.) [Sk.skanna] trickling down J.V,445.(Page 186),5,1
  5501. 213617,en,15,kannaka,kaṇṇaka,Kaṇṇaka,Kaṇṇaka,( &#38; °ika) (adj.) [fr.kaṇṇa] having corners or ears (-°); f.<i>°ikā</i> Vin.II,137; J.II,185.--<i>kāḷa-kaṇṇika</i> see under kāḷa.(Page 180),7,1
  5502. 213653,en,15,kannama,kannāma,Kannāma,Kannāma,=kinnāma J.VI,126.(Page 186),7,1
  5503. 213802,en,15,kannavant,kaṇṇavant,Kaṇṇavant,Kaṇṇavant,(adj.) [fr.kaṇṇa] having an (open) ear,i.e.clever,sharp J.II,261 (=kaṇṇachiddaṃ pana na kassaci n’atthi C.).(Page 180),9,1
  5504. 213854,en,15,kannika,kaṇṇikā,Kaṇṇikā,Kaṇṇikā,(f.) [cp.kaṇṇaka &#38; Sk.karṇikā] 1.an ornament for the ear,in °lakkhaṇa:see below.-- 2.the pericarp of a lotus J.I,152,183; V,416; Miln.361; Vism.124 (paduma°); VvA.43.-- 3.the corner of the upper story of a palace or pagoda,house-top J.I,201; III,146,318,431,472; DhA.I,77 (kūṭāgāra°); DA.I,43; VvA.304; Bdhd 92.-- 4.a sheaf in the form of a pinnacle DhA.I,98.-- In cpds.<i>kaṇṇika°</i>.<br><br> <i>--baddha</i> bound into a sheaf; fig.of objects of thoughts DhA.I,304.<i>--maṇḍala</i> part of the roof of a house J.III,317; DhA.III,66; VI,178.<i>--rukkha</i> a tree or log,used to form the top of a house J.I,201=DhA.I,269.<i>--lakkhaṇa</i> the art of telling fortune by marks on ornaments of the ear,or of the house-top D.I,9 (=pilandhana-k° pi geha-k° pi vasena DA.I,94).(Page 180),7,1
  5505. 213898,en,15,kannikara,kaṇṇikāra,Kaṇṇikāra,Kaṇṇikāra,see <i>kaṇikāra</i>.(Page 180),9,1
  5506. 213935,en,15,kanta,kaṇṭa,Kaṇṭa,Kaṇṭa,(cp.next) a thorn Miln.351.(Page 178),5,1
  5507. 213946,en,15,kanta,kanta,Kanta,Kanta,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of kantati<sup>2</sup>,Sk.kṛtta.kanta is analogyform.after pres.kantati,regularly we should expect katta.See also avakanta.It may be simply misreading for katta,cp.Kern,Toev.under parikanta.] cut,cut out or off Th.2,223 (°salla=samucchinna-rāg’--ādisalla ThA.179) cp.katta &#38; pari°.(Page 185),5,1
  5508. 213947,en,15,kanta,kanta,Kanta,Kanta,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.kānta,pp.of kāmeti] -- 1.(adj.) in special sense an attribute of worldly pleasure (cp.kāma,kāmaguṇā):pleasant,lovely,enjoyable; freq.in form.iṭṭhā kantā manāpā,referring to the pleasures of the senses S.I,245; II,192; IV,60,158,235 sq.; V,22,60,147; A.II,66 sq.; M.I,85; Sn.759; It.15; Vbh.2,100,337; bāla° (lovely in the opinion of the ignorant) Sn.399.‹-› D.II,265; III,227 (ariya°); J.III,264; V,447; with ref.to the fruit of action as giving pleasure:<i>°phala</i> Kvu 35,211,PvA.277 (hatthi-) k° pleasing to elephants; of manta DhA.I,163; of vīṇā J.VI,255,262; DhA.I,163.-- 2.beloved by,favourite of,charming J.VI,255,262; DhA.I,163.-- 3.(n.) the beloved one,the husband J.VI,370 (wrongly written kan tena); of a precious stone Miln.118; Sdhp.608,cp.suriya°,canda°-<i>kantā</i> (f.) the beloved one,the wife J.V,295; <i>kantena</i> (Instr.) agreeably,with kind words A.II,213; J.V,486 (where porisādassa kante should be read as porisādassak’ante).--a° undesired,disagreeable,unpleasant,in same form as kanta,e.g.D.II,192; in other comb<sup>n</sup> J.V,295; Vbh.100; Nett 180; PvA.193.--<i>akantena</i> with unpleasant words A.II,213.--<i>kantatara</i> compar.J.III,260.<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> the state of being pleasant DA.I,76; VvA.323.(Page 185),5,1
  5509. 213974,en,15,kantaka,kaṇṭaka,Kaṇṭaka,Kaṇṭaka,[From kantati<sup>2</sup> to cut.Brh.kaṇṭaka.Spelt also <i>kaṇṭhaka</i>] 1.a thorn Sn.845; Vin.I,188; J.V,102; VI,105 (in description of the Vetaraṇī); cp.kusa°.-- 2.any instrument with a sharp point Sdhp.201.‹-› 3.a bone,fish-bone J.I,222; in <i>piṭṭhi°</i> a bone of the spine D.II,297≈ (see kaṭaṭṭhi); M.I,80=245; Vism.271; Sdhp.102.-- 4.(fig.) an obstacle,hindrance,nuisance (“thorn in my side”); Kvu 572; enemy,infestor; a dacoit,thief,robber D.I,135 (sa° and a°,of the country as infested with dacoits or free from them,cp.DA.I,296); J.I,186 (paṭikaṇṭaka,enemy); V,450; Th.1,946; DhA.I,177 (akkhimhi); VvA.301.-- 5.(fig.) anything sharp,thorny,causing pain:of kāmā (passions) S.IV,189,195,198; Ud.24; Kvu 202; cp.sa°.-- Thus grouped,like saṃyojanāni,into 10 obstacles to perfection (dasa k.) A.V,134; as “bringing much trouble” J.IV,117.Often in standing phrase khāṇu-kaṇṭaka stumbling and obstruction A.I,35; SnA 334.As abstr.<i>kaṇṭakattaṃ</i> hindrance at Vism.269 (sadda°).--<i>akaṇṭaka</i> 1.free from thorns J.II,118; V,260.-- 2.(fig.) free from thieves,quiet,peaceful D.I,135; also not difficult,easy,happy,bringing blessings (of the right path) A.V,135; Vv 18<sup>7</sup>; VvA.96.--<i>sakaṇṭaka</i> 1.having bones (of food) J.IV,192,193.-- 2.(fig.) beset with thieves,dangerous D.I,135; thorny,i.e.painful,miserable (of duggati and kāmā) S.IV,195; Th.2,352; J.V,260.-- Cp.also <i>kaṇḍaka</i> and <i>nikkaṇṭaka</i>.<br><br> <i>--âpacita</i> covered with thorns J.VI,249 (cp.°ācita); <i>--âpassaya</i> (=kaṇṭak’apāśraya) a bed made of an outstretched skin,under which are placed thorns or iron spikes; to lie or stand on such is a practice of certain naked ascetics D.I,167=M.I,78≈.<i>--âpassayika</i> (adj.to prec.) “bed-of-thorns-man” D.I,167≈.At J.I,493 the reading is k-āpassaya,at III,74 k-apassaya; at III,235 the reading is kaṇṭhaka-seyyaṃ kappetha (should it be k-āpassaye seyyaṃ k°?); D.I,167 reads kaṇṭhakā-passayika.<i>--ācita</i> covered with thorns J.V,167.<i>--ādhāna</i> a thorny brake,a thorny hedge M.I,10 (k-dhāna; for dhāna=ṭhāna see dhāna &#38; cp.rāja-dhānī); A.I,35; Miln.220.<i>--kasā</i> a thorny whip used for punishment and torture J.III,41.<i>--gahana</i> a thorny thicket or jungle S.II,228.<i>--gumba</i> a th.bush J.I,208.<i>--latā</i> a th.creeper,the Capparis Zeilanica J.V,175.<i>--vaṭṭa</i> a thorny brake or hedge M.I,448.(Page 178),7,1
  5510. 214099,en,15,kantaki,kaṇṭaki,Kaṇṭaki,Kaṇṭaki,(f.) in cpd.<i>°vāṭa</i> a thorny fence (cactus hedge?) Vin.II,154.(Page 179),7,1
  5511. 214156,en,15,kantara,kantāra,Kantāra,Kantāra,(adj.n.) [perhaps from kad-tarati,difficult to cross,Sk.(?) kāntāra] difficult to pass,scil.magga,a difficult road,waste land,wilderness,expl<sup>d</sup> as nirudaka īriṇa VvA.334 (on Vv 84<sup>3</sup>),comb<sup>d</sup> with maru° PvA.99 and marukantāramagga PvA.112; opp.khemantabhūmi.Usually 5 kinds of wilds are enumerated:cora°,vāla°,nirudaka°,amanussa°,appabbhakkha° J.I,99; SA 324; 4 kinds at Nd<sup>2</sup> 630:cora°,vāla°,dubhikkha°,nirudaka°.The term is used both lit. &#38; fig.(of the wilds of ignorance,false doctrine,or of difficulties,hardship).As the seat of demons (Petas and Yakkhas) freq.in Pv (see above),also J.I,395.As <i>diṭṭhi°</i> in pass.diṭṭhi-gata,etc.M.I,8,486,Pug.22 (on diṭṭhi vipatti).<br><br> <i>--addhāna</i> a road in the wilderness,a dangerous path (fig.)Th.1,95~D.I,73=M.I,276; <i>--paṭipanna</i> a wanderer through the wilderness,i.e.a forester J.III,537.<i>--magga</i> a difficult road (cp.kummagga) J.II,294 (lit.); in simile:S.II,118.<i>--mukha</i> the entrance to a desert J.I,99.(Page 186),7,1
  5512. 214209,en,15,kantariya,kantāriya,Kantāriya,Kantāriya,(adj.) [from kantāra] (one) living in or belonging to the desert,the guardian of a wilderness,applied to a Yakkha Vv 84<sup>21</sup> (=VvA.341).(Page 186),9,1
  5513. 214235,en,15,kantati,kantati,Kantati,Kantati,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.kṛṇtati; <i>*(s)qert</i>,to cut; cp.Gr.keiρw,to shear; Lat.caro,cena; Ohg.sceran,E.shear; see also kaṭu] to cut,cut off J.II,53 (:as nik° in gloss,where it should be mūlāni kant°); III,185; VI,154; DhA.III,152 (+ viddhaṃseti).(Page 186),7,1
  5514. 214236,en,15,kantati,kantati,Kantati,Kantati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.kṛṇatti,<i>*qert</i>,cp.kata, &#38; Lat.cratis,crassus,E.crate] to plait,twist,spin,esp.suttaṃ (thread) Vin.IV,300; PvA.75; DhA.III,273; kappāsaṃ A.III,295.Cp.pari°.(Page 186),7,1
  5515. 214253,en,15,kantha,kaṇṭha,Kaṇṭha,Kaṇṭha,<i> </i>[<i>*qǔent</i> from <i>*qǔelt</i>,primarily neck,cp.Lat.collus “the turner.” Syn.with k.is gīvā,primarily throat,Brh.kaṇṭha] 1.throat A.IV,131; J.V,448; Miln.152 (kaṇṭho ākurati,is hoarse); PvA.280 (akkharāni mahatā kaṇṭhena uccaritāni).The throat of Petas is narrow and parched with thirst:PvA.99 (k-oṭṭha-tālūnaṃ tassita),180 (sūci° like a needle’s eye,cp.sūcicchidda.v.l.sūcikaṭṭha “whose bones are like needles”),260 (visukkha-k-ṭṭha-jivhā).-- 2.neck Vin.I,15; Dh.307 (kāsāva°); Vv 64<sup>17</sup> (expi<sup>d</sup> at VvA.280 by gīvūpagasīsūpagādi-ābharaṇāni).Esp.in Loc.<i>kaṇṭhe</i> round the neck,with ref.to var.things tied round,e.g.kuṇapaṃ k.āsattaṃ A.IV,377; kuṇapaṃ k.baddhaṃ J.I,5; k.mālā J.I,166,192; k.bandhanti vaḍḍhanaṃ J.III,226; with the wreath of karavīra flowers (q.v.) on a criminal ready for execution:rattavaṇṇa-virala-mālāya bandhakaṇṭha PvA.4 (cp.AvŚ I.102; II,182; karavīra-mālābaddha [sakta II.182]--kaṇṭheguṇa).<br><br> <i>--kūpa</i> the cavity of the throat Mhbv 137.<i>--ja</i> produced in the throat,i.e.guttural Sāsv 150. <i>--suttaka</i> an ornamental string or string of beads worn round the neck Vin.II,106.(Page 179),6,1
  5516. 214274,en,15,kanthaka,kaṇṭhaka,Kaṇṭhaka,Kaṇṭhaka,<sup>2</sup> N.of Gotama’s horse,on which he left his father’s palace Mhbv 25; spelt <i>kanthaka</i> at J.I,54,62 sq.(Page 179),8,1
  5517. 214275,en,15,kanthaka,kaṇṭhaka,Kaṇṭhaka,Kaṇṭhaka,<sup>1</sup> thorn,see <i>kaṇṭaka</i>.(Page 179),8,1
  5518. 214336,en,15,kantika,kantika,Kantika,Kantika,<sup>2</sup> =kanta<sup>1</sup> in a° unpleasant,disgusting Pv III,4<sup>1</sup> (=PvA.193).(Page 186),7,1
  5519. 214337,en,15,kantika,kantika,Kantika,Kantika,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [to kantati<sup>1</sup>] spinning PvA.75 (sutta° itthiyo).(Page 186),7,1
  5520. 214351,en,15,kantita,kantita,Kantita,Kantita,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) Sk.kṛtta pp.of kantati<sup>2</sup>] cut off,severed,at Miln.240 better as kantita<sup>1</sup>,i.e.spun.(Page 186),7,1
  5521. 214352,en,15,kantita,kantita,Kantita,Kantita,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.kṛtta,pp.of kantati<sup>1</sup>] spun,(sutta) Vin.IV,300.(Page 186),7,1
  5522. 214385,en,15,kapala,kapāla,Kapāla,Kapāla,(nt.) [Sk.kapāla,see kapalla] -- 1.a tortoiseor turtle-shell S.I,7=Miln.371; S.IV,179; as ornament at DA.I,89.-- 2.the skull,cp.kaṭāha in sīsakaṭāha.‹-› 3.a frying pan (usually as ayo°,of iron,e.g.A.IV,70; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III</SUP>; VvA.335) J.II,352; Vv 84<sup>5</sup>; DhA.I,148 (v.l.°kapalla); Bdhd 100 (in simile).-- 4.a begging bowl,used by certain ascetics S.IV,190; V,53,301; A.I,36; III,225; J.I,89; PvA.3.-- 5.a potsherd J.II,301.<br><br> <i>--ābhata</i> the food collected in a bowl A.I,36; <i>--khaṇḍa</i> a bit of potsherd J.II,301; <i>--hattha</i> “with a bowl in his hand,” begging,or a beggar,Th.1,1118; J.I,89; III,32; V,468; PvA.3.(Page 186),6,1
  5523. 214400,en,15,kapalaka,kapālaka,Kapālaka,Kapālaka,-- 1.a small vessel,bowl J.I,425.-- 2.a beggar’s bowl J.I,235; DhA.II,26.(Page 186),8,1
  5524. 214424,en,15,kapalla,kapalla,Kapalla,Kapalla,(nt.) [Sk kapāla; orig.skull,bowl,cp.kapola &#38; Lat.caput,capula,capillus,Goth.haubi,E.head]‹-› 1.a bowl in form of a skull,or the shell of reptiles; see <i>kapāla</i>.-- 2.an earthenware pan used to carry ashes J.I,8; VI,66,75; DhA.I,288.-- 3.a frying pan (see cpds. &#38; cp.aṅgāra-kapalla) Sn.672.<i>--kapalla</i> is only a variant of kapāla.<br><br> <i>--pāti</i> an earthen pot,a pan J.I,347=DhA.I,371; <i>--pūva</i> a pancake J.I,345; DhA.I,367; VvA.123; Mhvs 35,67.(Page 186),7,1
  5525. 214425,en,15,kapalla,kapalla,Kapalla,Kapalla,at Vin.I,203,is an error for kajjala,lamp-black,used in preparation of a collyrium (cp.J.P.T.S.1887,167).(Page 186),7,1
  5526. 214434,en,15,kapallaka,kapallaka,Kapallaka,Kapallaka,-- 1.a small earthen bowl J.VI,59; DhA.I,224.-- 2.a frying pan J.I,346.(Page 186),9,1
  5527. 214465,en,15,kapana,kapaṇa,Kapaṇa,Kapaṇa,(adj.n.) [Sk.kṛpaṇa from <i>kṛp</i> wail,cp.Lat.crepo; Ags.hraefn=E.raven.Cp.also Sk.kṛcchra] -- 1.poor,miserable,wretched; a beggar; freq.expl<sup>d</sup> by varāka,duggata,dīna and daḷidda; very often classed with low-caste people,as caṇḍālā Pv.III,1<sup>13</sup> &#38; pesakārā (Ud.4).Sn.818; J.I,312,321; III,199; Pv.II,9<sup>14</sup>; III,1<sup>13</sup>,IV.5<sup>2</sup>; DA.I,298; DhA.I,233; ThA.178.-- 2.small,short,insignificant A.I,213; Bdhd 84.(f.) °ā a miserable woman J.IV,285; <i>--°an</i> (adv.) pitifully,piteously,with verbs of weeping,etc.J.III,295; V,499; VI,143; <i>a°</i> not poor J.III,199; --<i>ati°</i> very miserable Pgdp 74.Der.<i>°tā</i> wretchedness Sdhp.315.<br><br> <i>--addhikā</i> pl.often with °ādi,which means samaṇabrāhmaṇa-k°-vaṇibbaka-yācakā (e.g.D.I,137; PvA.78) beggars and wayfarers,tramps J.I,6,262,DhA.I,105,188 (written k°-andhika); see also DA.I,298 and kapaṇikā; --iddhikā pl.(probably miswriting for °addh°,cp.Trenckner,J.P.T.S.1908,130) D.I,137; It.65; DA.I,298; <i>--itthī</i> a poor woman J.III,448; <i>--jīvikā</i> in °aṃ kappeti to make a poor livelihood J.I,312; <i>--bhāva</i> the state of being miserable PvA.274; <i>--manussa</i> a wretched fellow,a beggar Vism.343; <i>--laddhaka</i> obtained in pain,said of children J.VI,150,cp.kiccha laddhaka; <i>--visikhā</i> the street or quarter of the poor,the slums Ud.4; <i>--vuttin</i> leading a poor life PvA.175.(Page 186),6,1
  5528. 214510,en,15,kapanika,kapaṇikā,Kapaṇikā,Kapaṇikā,(f.) a (mentally) miserable woman Th.2,219; ThA.178; cp.kapaṇā; also as <i>kapaṇiyā</i> J.VI,93.(Page 186),8,1
  5529. 214516,en,15,kapasa,kapāsa,Kapāsa,Kapāsa,=kappāsa,q.v.Dāvs II.39.(Page 186),6,1
  5530. 214539,en,15,kapi,kapi,Kapi,Kapi,[Sk.kapi,original designation of a brownish colour,cp.kapila &#38; kapota] a monkey (freq.in similes) Sn.791; Th.1,1080; J.I,170; III,148,cp.kavi.<br><br> <i>--kacchu</i> the plant Mucuna pruritus Pv.II,3<sup>10</sup>; °phala its fruit PvA.86; <i>--citta</i> “having a monkey’s mind,” capricious,fickle J.III,148=525; <i>--naccanā</i> Npl.,Pv IV.1<sup>37</sup>; <i>--niddā</i> “monkey-sleep,” dozing Miln.300.(Page 186),4,1
  5531. 214569,en,15,kapila,kapila,Kapila,Kapila,(adj.) [Sk.kapila,cp.kapi] brown,tawny,reddish,of hair &#38; beard VvA.222; °ā f.a brown cow DhA.IV,153.(Page 187),6,1
  5532. 214596,en,15,kapilani,kāpilanī,Kāpilanī,Kāpilanī,patron.f.of Kapila; the lady of the Kapila clan Th.2,65.(Page 203),8,1
  5533. 214628,en,15,kapilavatthava,kāpilavatthava,Kāpilavatthava,Kāpilavatthava,(adj.) of or from Kapilavatthu,belonging to K.D.II,165,256; S.IV,182.(Page 203),14,1
  5534. 214700,en,15,kapinjala,kapiñjala,Kapiñjala,Kapiñjala,[Derivation unknown.Sk.kapiñjala] a wild bird,possibly the francolin partridge Kvu 268; J.VI,538 (B.B.kapiñjara).(Page 186),9,1
  5535. 214717,en,15,kapisisa,kapisīsa,Kapisīsa,Kapisīsa,[Sk.kapiśīrṣa] the lintel of a door D.II,143 (cp.Rh.D.Buddh.Suttas p.95 n<sup>1</sup>) --°ka the cavity in a doorpost for receiving the bolt Vin.II,120,148 (cp.Vin.Texts II.106 n<sup>3</sup>).(Page 187),8,1
  5536. 214736,en,15,kapithana,kapiṭhana,Kapiṭhana,Kapiṭhana,the tree Thespesia populneoides Vin.IV,35.(Page 187),9,1
  5537. 214743,en,15,kapittha,kapiṭṭha,Kapiṭṭha,Kapiṭṭha,and <i>Kapittha</i> -- 1.the tree Feronia elephantum,the wood-apple tree J.VI,534; Vism.183 (°ka); Mhvs 29,11; -- 2.°ṃ (nt.) the wood apple Miln.189; -- 3.the position of the hand when the fingers are slightly and loosely bent in J.I,237; kapitthaka S.V,96.(Page 187),8,1
  5538. 214765,en,15,kapitthana,kapitthana,Kapitthana,Kapitthana,=kapiṭhana J.II,445; VI,529,550,553; v.l.at Vism.183 for °itthaka.(Page 187),10,1
  5539. 214794,en,15,kapola,kapola,Kapola,Kapola,[Sk.kapola,cp.kapalla,orig.meaning “hollow”] the cheek Vism.263,362; DhA.I,194.(Page 187),6,1
  5540. 214815,en,15,kapota,kapota,Kapota,Kapota,[Sk.kapota,greyish blue,cp.kapi] -- 1.(m.) a pigeon,a dove J.I,243; Miln.403; -- 2.(f.) °i a female pigeon PvA.47; °ka (f.°ikā Miln.365) a small pigeon J.I,244.<br><br> --pāda (of the colour) of a pigeon’s foot J.I,9.(Page 187),6,1
  5541. 214838,en,15,kapotaka,kāpotaka,Kāpotaka,Kāpotaka,(adj.) [fr.kapota] pigeon-coloured,grey,of a dull white,said of the bones of a skeleton D.I,55; Dh.149 (=DhA.III,112).(Page 203),8,1
  5542. 214869,en,15,kapotika,kāpotikā,Kāpotikā,Kāpotikā,(f.) [of doubtful origin,fr.kapota,but probably popular etym.,one may compare Sk.kāpiśāyana,a sort of spirituous liquor Halāyudha 2,175,which expresses a diff.notion,i.e.fr.kapi] a kind of intoxicating drink,of a reddish colour (like pigeons’fect) Vin.IV,109,cp.J.I,360 (surā).(Page 203),8,1
  5543. 214888,en,15,kappa,kappa,Kappa,Kappa,(adj.n.) [Sk.kalpa,see kappeti for etym. &#38; formation] anything made with a definite object in view,prepared,arranged; or that which is fit,suitable,proper.See also DA.I,103 &#38; KhA 115 for var.meanings.--I Literal Meaning.-- 1.(adj.) fitting,suitable,proper (cp.°tā) (=kappiya) in kappâkappesu kusalo Th.1,251,°kovido Mhvs 15,16; Sn.911; as juice Miln.161.‹-› (-°) made as,like,resembling Vin.I,290 (ahata°); Sn.35 (khaggavisāṇa°); hetu° acting as cause to Sn.16; Miln.105; --a° incomparable Mhvs 14,65; -- 2.(nt.) a fitting,i.e.harness or trapping (cp.kappana) Vv 20<sup>9</sup> (VvA.104); -- a small black dot or smudge (kappabindu) imprinted on a new robe to make it lawful Vin.I,255; IV,227,286:also fig.a making-up (of a trick):lesa° DA.I,103; VvA.348.-- II.Applied Meaning.‹-› 1.(qualitative) ordinance,precept,rule; practice,manner Vin.II,294,301 (:kappati singiloṇa-kappo “fit is the rule concerning ...”); cp.Mhvs 4,9; one of the chalaṅga,the 6 disciplines of Vedic interpretation,VvA.265; -- 2.(temporal) a “fixed” time,time with ref.to individual and cosmic life.As āyu at DA.I,103 (cp.kappaṃ); as a cycle of time=saṃsāra at Sn.521,535,860 (na eti kappaṃ); as a measure of time:an age of the world Vin.III,109; Miln.108; Sdhp.256,257; PvA.21; It.17=Bdhd 87=S.II,185.There are 3 principal cycles or aeons:mahā°,asaṅkheyya°,antara°; each mahā° consists of 4 asaṅkheyya-kappas,viz.saṃvaṭṭa° saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyi° vivaṭṭa° vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyi° A.II,142; often abbreviated to saṃvaṭṭa-vivaṭṭa° D.I,14; It.15; freq.in formula ekampijātiṃ,etc.Vin.III,4=D.III,51,111= It.99.On pubbanta° &#38; aparanta°,past &#38; future kappas see D.I,12 sq.paṭhama-kappe at the beginning of the world,once upon a time (cp.atīte) J.I,207.When kappa stands by itself,a Mahā-kappa is understood:DA.I,162.A whole,complete kappa is designated by kevala° Sn.pp.18=46~125; Sn.517; also dīgha° S.II,181; Sdhp.257.For similes as to the enormous length of a kappa see S.II,181 &#38; DA.I,164=PvA.254.-- Acc.kappaṃ adv.:for a long time D.II,103=115= Ud.62,quot.at DA.I,103; Vin.II,198; It.17; Miln.108; mayi āyukappaṃ J.I,119,cp.Miln.141.Cp.saṅkappa.<br><br> --âtīta one who has gone beyond time,an Arahant Sn.373.--âvasesaṃ (Acc.) for the rest of the kappa,in kappaṃ vā k-âvasesaṃ vā D.II,117=A.IV,309=Ud.62; Miln.140:--āyuka (one) whose life extends over a kappa Mhvs.V,87; --uṭṭhāna arising at or belonging to the (end of a) kappa:--aggi the fire which destroys the Universe J.II,397; III,185; IV,498; V,336; VI,554; Vism.304; --kāla the time of the end of the world J.V,244; --uṭṭhāna (by itself) the end of the world J.I,4=Vism.415; --kata on which a kappa,i.e.smudge,has been made,ref.to the cīvara of a bhikkhu (see above) Vin.I,255; IV,227,286; DA.I,103; --(ñ)jaha (one) who has left time behind,free from saṃsāra,an Arahant Sn.1101 (but expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.,see also DA.I,103,as free from dve kappā:diṭṭhi° taṇha°).--jāla the consumption of the kappa by fire,the end of a kappa Dpvs.I,61.--ṭṭha staying there for a kappa,i.e.in purgatory in āpāyiko nerayiko + atekiccho,said of Devadatta Vin.II,202,206; A.III,402 ~IV.160; It.11~85.--ṭṭhāyin lasting a whole cycle,of a vimāna Th.1,1190.--ṭṭhika enduring for an aeon:kibbisa (of Devadatta) Vin.II,198=204; (cp.Vin.Texts III,254) sālarukkha J.V,416; see also ṭhitakappiṃ Pug.13.--ṭṭhitika id.DhA.I,50 (vera); Miln.108 (kammaṃ).(“sabbe pi magga-samaṅgino puggalā ṭhita-kappino.”) --ṭṭhiya-=prec.A.V,75; J.I,172,213; V,33; Miln.109,214.°rukkha the tree that lasts for a kappa,ref.to the cittapāṭalī,the pied trumpet-tree in the abode of the Asuras J.I,202; --nibbatta originated at the beginning of the k.(appl.to the flames of purgatory) J.V,272; --parivaṭṭa the evolution of a k; the end of the world Dpvs.I,59; --pādapa=°rukkha Mhbv 2; --rukkha a wishing tree,magical tree,fulfilling all wishes; sometimes fig.J.VI,117,594; Vism.206; PvA.75,176,121; VvA.32 (where comb<sup>d</sup> with cintāmaṇi); DhA.IV,208; --latā a creeper like the kapparukkha VvA.12; --vināsaka (scil.aggi):the fire consuming the world at the end of a k.Vism.414 sq.; (mahāmegho) DhA.III,362; --samaṇa an ascetic Acc.to precepts,an earnest ascetic J.VI,60 (cp.samaṇa-kappa); --halāhala “the k-uproar,” the uproar near the end of a kalpa J.I,47.(Page 187),5,1
  5544. 214933,en,15,kappaka,kappaka,Kappaka,Kappaka,[fr.<em>kḷp</em>,kappeti] a barber,hairdresser,also attendant to the king; his other function (of preparing baths) is expressed in the term nahāpaka (Pv.II,9<sup>37</sup>) or nahāpita (°ā?) (DA.I,157) Vin.I.344; II,182; D.I,51 (=DA.I,157,in list of various occupations); J.I,60,137; III,315; Pv.II,9<sup>37</sup>; III,1<sup>4</sup> (where expl.by nahāpita in the meaning of “bathed,” cp.expl.ad I.10<sup>6</sup>) DhA.I,85 (°vesa disguise of a barber),342 (pasādhana° one who arranges the dress,etc.,hairdresser).<br><br> --jātika belonging to or reborn in the barber class,in this sense representing a low,“black” birth PvA.176.(Page 187),7,1
  5545. 215003,en,15,kappana,kappana,Kappana,Kappana,(nt.) [fr.kappeti,cp.Sk.kalpana] the act of preparing,fixing; that which is fixed,arranged,performed.1.kappanā (f.) the fixing of a horse’s harness,harnessing,saddling J.I,62; -- 2.(nt.) (-°) procuring,making:jīvika°; a livelihood J.III,32; putting into order; danta° J.I,321; -- 3.(adj.) (-°) trimmed,arranged with:nānāratana° VvA.35.(Page 187),7,1
  5546. 215068,en,15,kappara,kappara,Kappara,Kappara,[cp.Sk.kūrpara] the elbow Vin.III,121=IV.221; J.I,293,297; DhA.I,48,394; VvA.206.(Page 187),7,1
  5547. 215109,en,15,kappasa,kappāsa,Kappāsa,Kappāsa,[cp.Sk.karpāsa] 1.the silk-cotton tree J.III,286; VI,336.-- 2.cotton D.II,141; A.III,295; S.V,284; J.I,350; VI,41; comb.w.uṇṇa A.III,37=IV.265=268.<br><br> --aṭṭhi a cotton seed DhA.III,71; --paṭala the film of the cotton seed Vism.446; Bdhd 66; --picu cotton S.V,284; J.V,110,343; VI,184:--maya made of cotton PvA.77.(Page 187),7,1
  5548. 215214,en,15,kappasi,kappāsī,Kappāsī,Kappāsī,(f.) [=kappāsa] cotton J.VI,537; PvA.146.(Page 188),7,1
  5549. 215222,en,15,kappasika,kappāsika,Kappāsika,Kappāsika,(adj.) made of cotton D.II,188,cp.A.IV,394; D.II,351; Vin.I,58=97=281; J.VI,590; Pv.II,1<sup>17</sup>.(nt) cotton stuff Miln.267.<br><br> --paṇṇa the leaf of the cotton tree,used medicinally Vin.I,201; <i>--sukhuma</i> fine,delicate cotton stuff D.II,188; A.IV,394; Miln.105.(Page 187),9,1
  5550. 215257,en,15,kappata,kappaṭa,Kappaṭa,Kappaṭa,[kad-paṭa=ku-paṭa] a dirty,old rag,torn garment (of a bhikkhu) Th.1,199.(Page 187),7,1
  5551. 215262,en,15,kappata,kappatā,Kappatā,Kappatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.kappa] fitness,suitability DA.I,207.(Page 187),7,1
  5552. 215275,en,15,kappati,kappati,Kappati,Kappati,[Pass.of kappeti,cp.Sk.kalpyate] to be fit,seeming,proper,with Dat.of person D.II,162; Vin.II,263,294; III,36; Th.1,488; Mhvs 4,11; 15,16.(Page 187),7,1
  5553. 215412,en,15,kappeti,kappeti,Kappeti,Kappeti,[Der.from kappa,cp.Sk.kṛpa shape,form; <i>*qǔrep</i> caus.from.fr.<i>*qǔer</i>=Sk.<i>kr</i>,karoti to shape,to make,cp.karoti] to cause to fit,to create,build,construct,arrange,prepare,order.<br><br> I.lit.1.in special sense:to prepare,get done,i.e.harness:J.I,62; plait DA.I,274,an offering (yaññaṃ) Sn.1043; i.e.to trim etc.M.II,155; J.I,223; Mhvs 25,64.2,generally (to be translated according to the meaning of accompanying noun),to make,get up,carry on etc.(=Fr.passer),viz.<i>iriyāpathaṃ</i> to keep one’s composure Th.I,570; J.V,262; Bdhd 33; <i>jīvitaṃ:</i> to lead one’s life PvA.3,4,13; <i>divāvihāraṃ</i> to take the noonday rest Mhvs 19,79; <i>nisajjaṃ</i> to sit down Vin.III,191; <i>vāsaṃ</i>,saṃvāsaṃ to make one’s abode D.II,88; Sn.283; PvA.36,47; <i>saṃvāsaṃ</i> to have (sexual) intercourse with J.III,448; Mhvs 5,212; PvA.6; <i>seyyaṃ:</i> to lie down,to make one’s bed Pug.55 etc.(acelaka-passage=D.I,166).<br><br> II.fig.1.in special sense:to construct or form an opinion,to conjecture,to think Sn.799; DA.I,103; -- 2.generally:to ordain,prescribe,determine J.V,238 (=say vidahati) -- Caus.II.<i>kappāpeti</i> to cause to be made in all senses of kappeti; e.g.Vin.II,134 (massuṃ k.to get one’s beard done); J.V,262 (hatthiyānāni k.to harness the elephant-cars); DA.I,147 (pañca hatthinikā-satāni k.harness the 500 elephants).Pass.<i>kappiyati</i> in ppr.kappiyamāna getting harnessed J.I,62.(Page 188),7,1
  5554. 215435,en,15,kappika,kappika,Kappika,Kappika,(-°) (adj.) [fr.kappa] 1.belonging to a kappa,in <i>paṭhama°</i> --kāla the time of thé first Age DA.I,247; Vbh.412 (of manussā); VvA.19 (of Manu); without the kāla (id.) at J.I,222; as noun the men of the first Age J.II,352.-- 2.In cpds....pubbanta° and aparanta° the ika° belongs to the whole cpd.D.I,39 sq.; DA.I,103.See also kappiya 2.(Page 188),7,1
  5555. 215444,en,15,kappin,kappin,Kappin,Kappin,(adj.) [fr.kappa] 1.(cp.kappa II.1<sup>a</sup>) getting,procuring,acquiring (pañña°) Sn.1090; -- 2.(cp.kappa II.1<sup>b</sup>) having a kappa (as duration),lasting a Cycle Pug.13; in Mahā° enduring a Mahākappa DA.I,164=PvA.254.(Page 188),6,1
  5556. 215461,en,15,kappita,kappita,Kappita,Kappita,[pp.of kappeti] 1.prepared,arranged,i.e.harnessed D.I,49; J.VI,268; i.e.plaited DA.I,274; i.e.trimmed:<i>°kesamassu</i> “with hair &#38; beard trimmed” D.II,325; S.IV,343; J.V,173,350; VI,268; Vv 73<sup>1</sup>.‹-› 2.getting procuring; as <i>°jīvika</i> a living J.V,270; made ready,drawn up (in battle array) D.II,189; ‹-› 3.decorated with,adorned with Sdhp.247.--<i>su°</i> well prepared,beautifully harnessed or trimmed Vv 60<sup>1</sup>.(Page 188),7,1
  5557. 215497,en,15,kappiya,kappiya,Kappiya,Kappiya,(adj.) [fr.kappa] 1.(cp.kappa II.1<sup>a</sup>) according to rule,right,suitable,fitting,proper,appropriate (PvA.26=anucchavika paṭirūpa) J.I,392; DA.I,9; PvA.25,141.--<i>a°</i> not right,not proper,unlawful Vin.I,45,211; II,118; III,20; (nt) that which is proper A.I,84; Dhs.1160; --<i>a°</i> ibid; <i>--kappiyâkappiya</i> (nt) that which is proper and that which is not J.I,316; DA.I,78.‹-› 2.(cp.kappa II.1<sup>b</sup>) connected with time,subject to kappa,i.e.temporal,of time,subject to saṃsāra; of devamanussā Sn.521; na+of the Muni Sn.914.In another sense (“belonging to an Age”) in cpd.paṭhama °-kāla the time of the first Age J.II,352.--<i>a°</i> delivered from time,free from saṃsāra,Ep.of an Arahant Sn.860; cp.Miln.49,50.See also kappika.<br><br> <i>--ânuloma</i> (nt.) accordance with the rule Nett 192.<i>--kāraka</i> “one who makes it befitting,” i.e.who by offering anything to a Bhikkhu,makes it legally acceptable Vin.I,206; <i>--kuṭī</i> (f.) a building outside the Vihāra,wherein allowable articles were stored,a kind of warehouse Vin.I,139; II,159; <i>--dāraka</i> a boy given to the Bhikkhus to work for them in the Vihāra DA.I,78 (v.l.BB °kāraka); <i>--bhaṇḍa</i> utensils allowable to the Bhikkhus J.I,41; DhA.I,412.<i>a°</i> thing unauthorised Vin.II.169; a list of such forbidden articles is found at Vin.I,192; <i>--bhūmi</i> (f.) a plot of ground set apart for storing (allowable) provisions Vin.I,239 (cp.°kuṭi); <i>--lesa</i> [cp.Sk.kalpya] guile appropriate to one’s own purpose VvA.348; <i>--saññin</i> (a) imagining as lawful (that which is not) A.I,84; <i>a°</i> opp.ibid.--°tā the imagining as lawful (that which is not) appl.to kukkucca Dhs.1160; <i>a°</i> opp.ibid.(Page 188),7,1
  5558. 215699,en,15,kappu,kappu,Kappu,Kappu,(nt.)=kappa in the dialect used by Makkhali Gosāla,presumably the dialect of Vesāli,D.I,54; DA.I,164 (a Burmeṣe MS.reads kappi,and so do Pv IV.3<sup>32</sup>; PvA.254).(Page 188),5,1
  5559. 215707,en,15,kappura,kappūra,Kappūra,Kappūra,(m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Sk.karpūra] camphor:(a) the plant J.VI,537.-- (b) the resinous exudation,the prepared odoriferant substance (cp.kaṭukapphala) J.II,416=DhA.III,475; Miln.382; Dāvs.V,50.(Page 188),7,1
  5560. 215733,en,15,kapurisa,kāpurisa,Kāpurisa,Kāpurisa,[kad + purisa] a low,vile,contemptible man,a wretch Vin.II,188; D.III,279; S.I,91,154; II,241; V,204; Th.1,124,495; J.II,42; VI,437; Pv.II,9<sup>30</sup> (PvA.125=lāmaka°); sometimes denoting one who has not entered the Path A.III,24; Th.2,189.(Page 203),8,1
  5561. 215744,en,15,kar,kār,Kār,Kār,--secondary root of karoti,in denom.and intensive function in kāra,kāraka,kāraṇa,kārin,kāreti and their derivations.(Page 209),3,1
  5562. 215752,en,15,kara,kara,Kara,Kara,[fr.<em>kṛ</em>] 1.(adj.) (-°) producing,causing,forming,making,doing,e.g.anta° putting an end to; pabhaṃ causing splendour; pāpa° doing evil; divā° &#38; divasa the day-maker,i.e.the sun; kaṇhabhāva° causing a “black” existence (of pāpakamma) J.IV,9; padasandhi° forming a hiatus PvA.52; vacana°,etc.‹-› 2.(m) “the maker,” i.e.the hand Mhvs 5,255--256; 30,67.<i>--atikaraṃ</i> (adv.) doing too much,going too far J.I,431; <i>--dukkara</i> (a) difficult to do,not easy,hard,arduous S.I,7; IV,260; A.I,286; IV,31,135; V,202; +durabhisambhavo Sn.429 701; Ud.61; (n.nt.) something difficult,a difficult task A.I,286 (cp.IV.31); J.I,395; Miln.121,dukkara-kārikā “doing of a hard task,” exertion,austerity M.I,93; Nd<sup>2</sup> 262<sup>b</sup>.<i>--sukara</i> easy to do S.I,9; II,181; Dh.163; Ud.61; na sukaraṃ w.inf.it is not easy to ...D.I,250; A.III,52,184; IV,334.<br><br> <i>--kaṭaka</i> (m.nt.) a hand-wheel,i.e.a pulley by which to draw up a bucket of water Vin.II,122; cp.Vin.Texts III,112; <i>--ja</i> “born of kamma” in karaja-kāya the body sprung from action,an expression always used in a contemptible manner,therefore=the impure,vile,low body A.V,300; J.I,5; Vism.287,404; DA.I,113,217,221; DhA.I,10; III,420; DhsA.403.karaja-rūpa Vism.326.<i>--tala</i> the palm of the hand Mhbv 6,34; <i>--mara</i> “one who ought to die from the hand (of the enemy),” but who,when captured,was spared and employed as slave; a slave J.III,147,361; IV,220; DhA.III,487; --°ānītā a woman taken in a raid,but subsequently taken to wife; one of the 10 kinds of wives (see itthi) Vin.III,140 (=dhajāhaṭā); --gāhaṃ gaṇhāti to make prisoner J.I,355; III,361; <i>--mita</i> “to be measured with (two) hands,” in °majjhā,a woman of slender waist J.V,219; VI,457.(Page 195),4,1
  5563. 215765,en,15,kara,kāra,Kāra,Kāra,[fr.kār-,cp.Vedic kāra song of praise,which is,however,derived fr.<i>kṛ=kir</i> to praise; also Vedic °kāra in brāhma°,fr.<i>kṛ</i>] 1.abs.(a) deed,service,act of mercy or worship,homage:kāra-paṇṇaka J.VI,24 (vegetable as oblation); appako pi kato kāro devûpapattiṃ āvahati “even a small gift of mercy brings about rebirth among the gods” PvA.6.<i>--kāraka</i> one who performs a religious duty D.I,61 (=DA.I,170).(b) doing,manner,way:yena kārena akattha tena k° pavattamānaṃ phalaṃ “as you have done so will be the fruit” PvA.45.-- 2.(-°) (a) the production or application of,i.e.the state or quality of ...:<i>atta°</i> one’s own state =ahaṃ kāra,individuality; <i>para°</i> the personality of others A.III,337; <i>citti°</i> reflection,thought PvA.26; see e.g.<i>andha°</i> darkness,<i>sak°</i> homage,etc.-- balakkārena forcibly PvA.68.-- (b) as ttg.the item,i.e.particle,letter,sound or word,e.g.ma-kāra the letter m PvA.52; ca-kāra the particle ca PvA.15; sa-kāra the sound sa SnA 23.-- <i>(c)</i> (adj.-n.) [cp.kara] one who does,handles or deals with:ayakāra iron-smith Miln.331.(Page 209),4,1
  5564. 215776,en,15,kara,kārā,Kārā,Kārā,(f.) [cp.Sk.kārā] confinement,captivity,jail,in <i>°bhedaka</i> cora a thief who has broken out of jail Vin.I,75.(Page 210),4,1
  5565. 215785,en,15,karabha,karabha,Karabha,Karabha,the trunk of an elephant; in karabhoru (k°+ūru) (a woman) with beautiful thighs Mhbv 29.(Page 196),7,1
  5566. 215839,en,15,karahi,karahi,Karahi,Karahi,(Sk.karhi,when? kar=Loc.of pron.st.*quo= Lat.cur why,Goth.hvar,E.where),only in karaha-ci (karhi cid) at some time,generally preceded by kadāci D.I,17; II,139; M.I,177,454; A.I,179; IV,101; Miln.73,76.(Page 196),6,1
  5567. 215888,en,15,karaka,karaka,Karaka,Karaka,<sup>1</sup> [Etymology unknown.The Sanskrit is also karaka,and the medieval koṣas give as meaning,besides drinking vessel,also a coco-nut shell used as such (with which may be compared Lat.carīna,nutshell,keel of a boat; and Gr.kaρua,nut.) It is scarcely possible that this could have been the original meaning.The coconut was not cultivated,perhaps not even known,in Kosala at the date of the rise of Pali and Buddhism] 1.Water-pot,drinking-vessel (=:pānīya-bhājana PvA.251).It is one of the seven requisites of a samaṇa Vin.II,302.It is called <i>dhammakaraka</i> there,and at II.118,177.This means “regulation waterpot” as it was provided with a strainer (parissavana) to prevent injury to living things.See also Miln.68; Pv III,2<sup>24</sup>; PvA.185.-- 2.hail (also karakā) J.IV,167; Miln.308; Mhvs XII.9.<br><br> <i>--vassa</i> a shower of hail,hail-storm J.IV,167; Miln.308; DhA.I,360.(Page 195),6,1
  5568. 215902,en,15,karaka,kāraka,Kāraka,Kāraka,(usually --°) the doer (of):Vin.II,221 (capu-capu°); sāsana° he who does according to (my) advice Sn.445; Bdhd 85 sq.; -- f.<i>kārikā</i>:veyyāvacca° a servant PvA.65 (text reads °tā); as n.the performance of (-°),service:dukkara-kārikā the performance of evil deeds S.I,103; Th.2,413 (=ThA.267).<i>--agga-kārikā</i> first test,sample Vin.III,80.(Page 210),6,1
  5569. 215951,en,15,karakara,karakarā,Karakarā,Karakarā,(for kaṭakaṭā,q.v.) (adv.) by way of gnashing or grinding the teeth (cp.Sk.dantān kaṭakaṭāpya),i.e.severely (of biting) J.III,203 (passage ought to be read as karakarā nikhāditvā).(Page 195),8,1
  5570. 216004,en,15,karala,karaḷa,Karaḷa,Karaḷa,(karala) a wisp of grass (tiṇa°) DhA.III,38; DhsA.272.(Page 196),6,1
  5571. 216026,en,15,karamanda,karamanda,Karamanda,Karamanda,[etym.?] a shrub Vism.183 (+kanavīra).(Page 196),9,1
  5572. 216033,en,15,karamara,karamara,Karamara,Karamara,see<i> Kara</i>.<i> </i> (Page 196),8,1
  5573. 216087,en,15,karana,karaṇa,Karaṇa,Karaṇa,[fr.<em>kṛ</em>,cp.Vedic karaṇa] 1.adj.(f.ī) (-°) doing,making,causing,producing; as cakkhu° ñāṇa° (leading to clear knowledge) S.IV,331; V,97; It.83; and acakkhu° etc.S.V,97; nāthā °ā dhammā A.V,23 (cp.V.89) and thera° A.II,22; dubbaṇṇa° S.V,217; see also D.I,245; M.I.15; S.V,96,115; A.IV,94; V,268; Miln.289.‹-› 2.(nt.) (-°) the making,producing of; the doing,performance of (=kamma),as bali° offering of food =bali kamma) PvA.81; gabbha° Sn.927; pānujja° Sn.256.3.(abs.) (a) the doing up,preparing J.V,400,VI,270 (of a building:the construction) (b) the doing,performance of,as pāṇâtipātassa k° and ak° (“commission and omission”); DhA.I,214; means of action J.III,92.(c) ttg.the instrumental case (with or without °vacana) PvA.33; VvA.25,53,162,174.<i>--°atthe</i> in the sense of,with the meaning of the instrumental case J.III,98; V,444; PvA.35; VvA.304; DhsA.48; Kacc 157.-- 4.(-°) state,condition; in noun-abstract function= °ttaṃ (cp.kamma I.2) as nānā° (=nānattaṃ) difference M.II,128; S.IV,294; Bdhd 94; kasi° ploughing PvA.66; kattabba° (=kattabbattaṃ) “what is to be done,” i.e.duty PvA.30; pūjā° veneration PvA.30.sakkāra° reverence,devotion SnA 284.<br><br> Note:in massu° and kamma° some grammarians have tried to derive k° from a root <em>kṛ</em>,to hurt,cut,torture (see Morris J.P.T.S.1893,15),which is however quite unnecessary [see kamma 3 A (b),kata<SUP>II</SUP> 1 (b)].Karaṇa here stands for kamma,as clearly indicated by semantic grounds as well as by J.VI,270 where it explains kappita-kesa-massu,and J.V,309 &#38; DhA.I,253 where massukamma takes the place of °karaṇa,and J.III,314,where it is represented by massu-kutti (C.:massukiriya).Cp.also DA.I,137.a° Negative in all meanings of the positive,i.e.the non-performing J.I,131; V,222; Nett 81; PvA.59; DhsA.127; non-undertaking (of business) J.I,229; noncommission M.I,93; abstaining from Dhs.299.Cpd.<i>--uttariya</i> (nt.) angry rejoinder,vehement defence DhA.I,44.(Page 196),6,1
  5574. 216099,en,15,karana,kāraṇa,Kāraṇa,Kāraṇa,(nt.) [in meaning 1 represented in later Sk.by kāraṇā f.,in meaning 2=Sk.kāraṇa nt.,equivalent to prakṛti,natural form,constituent,reason,cause].1.--(a) a deed,action,performance,esp.an act imposed or inflicted upon somebody by a higher authority (by the king as representative of justice or by kamma:M.III,181; see kamma 11 3.A b.) as an ordeal,a feat or punishment:a labour or task in the sense of the 12 labours of Heracles or the labours of Hades.<i>kāraṇaṃ kārāpeti</i> “he makes somebody perform the task.” Pass,kāraṇaṃ or kāraṇā karīyati.Thus as a set of five tasks or purgatory obligations under the name of pañcavidha-bandhana “the group of five” (not,as Warren trsl.p.257 “inflict on him the torture called the fivefold pinion”),a means of punishment in Niraya (q.v.under pañca).Not primarily torture (Rh.Davids,Miln.trsl.I.254,and others with wrong derivation from kṛṇtati).At DhA.III,70 these punishments are comprehended under the term dasa-dukkhakāraṇāni (the ten punishments in misery); the meaning “punishment” also at J.IV,87 (tantarajjukaṃ k°ṃ katvā),whereas at J.VI,416 k.is directly paraphrased by “maraṇa,” as much as “killing.” Often spelt karaṇa,q.v.; the spelling <i>kāraṇā</i> (as f.) at Miln.185 seems to be a later spelling for kāraṇaṃ.See karaṇa for further reference.-- Kiṃ kāraṇaṃ ajja kāressati “what task will he impose on me to-day?” A.V,324; as pañcavidhabandhana K° A.I,141,PvA.251,Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III,</SUP> -- As adj.°kāraṇa in dāruṇa° “being obliged to go through the dreadful trial” PvA.221.-- (b) duty obligation,in kāraṇ’âkāraṇā (pl.) duties great and small DhA.I,385.Cp.also kāraṇaṃ karoti to try M.I,444.-- (c) a trick (i.e.a duty imposed by a higher authority through training) J.II,325 (ānañja°); Miln.201 (ākāsa-gamana°).2.-- (a) acting,action as (material) cause:k°-bhūta being the cause of ...PvA.15;--(b) (intellectual) cause,reason Miln.150; DhA.I,389; esp.as --°:arodana° the reason for not crying PvA.63; asocana° same,ibid.62; āgamana° the reason for coming (here) ibid.81,106.=pariyatti,DhA.36.=attha,SA on I.215,SnA.I.238--Instr.<i>kāraṇena</i> by necessity,needs PvA.195; tena k° therefore ibid.40 -- Abl.<i>kāranā</i> by means of,through,by (=hetu or nissāya) PvA.27; imasmā k° therefore PvA.40; <i>kāraṇaṭṭhā</i> (expl.as attha-kāraṇā Nd<sup>2</sup>) for the purpose of some object or advantage Sn.75; opp.nikkāraṇā from unselfishness ibid.-sakāraṇa (adj.) with good reason (of vacana) PvA.109.(Page 210),6,1
  5575. 216602,en,15,karanda,karaṇḍa,Karaṇḍa,Karaṇḍa,(m.nt.) [cp.Sk.karaṇḍa,°ka,°ikā.The Dhātumañjūsā expl<sup>s</sup> k.by “bhājanatthe”] 1.a basket or box of wicker-work Mhvs 31,98; Dāvs.V,60; DhA.III,18; -- 2.the cast skin,slough of a serpent D.I,77 (=DA.I,222 ahi-kañcuka) cp.Dial.I.88.(Page 196),7,1
  5576. 216612,en,15,karandaka,karaṇḍaka,Karaṇḍaka,Karaṇḍaka,[fr.last] a box,basket,casket,as dussa° M.I,215=S.V,71=A.IV,230 (in simile); S.III,131; V,351 cp.Pug.34; J I 96; III,527; V,473 (here to be changed into koraṇḍaka); DA.I,222 (vilīva°); SnA 11.(Page 196),9,1
  5577. 216643,en,15,karandava,kāraṇḍava,Kāraṇḍava,Kāraṇḍava,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.kāraṇḍava] a sort of duck Vv 35<sup>8</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> as also by Halāyudha 2,99 by kādamba,black goose).(Page 210),9,1
  5578. 216644,en,15,karandava,kāraṇḍava,Kāraṇḍava,Kāraṇḍava,<sup>1</sup> [of uncertain etym.,cp.karaṇḍa] chaff,offal,sweepings,fig.dirt,impurity:yava° A.IV,169 (chaff); samaṇa° ibid.-- In passage kāraṇḍavaṃ niddhamatha,kasambuṃ apakassatha A.IV,172=Sn.281=Miln.414 trsl<sup>d</sup> by Rh.Davids Miln.trsl.II.363 “get rid of filth,put aside rubbish from you,” expl.SnA 311 by kacavara (q.v.).Rh.D’s note<sup>3</sup> Loc.cit.is to be modified according to the parallel passages just given.(Page 210),9,1
  5579. 216662,en,15,karanika,kāraṇika,Kāraṇika,Kāraṇika,[der.fr.prec.] the meaning ought to be “one who is under a certain obligation” or “one who dispenses certain obligations.” In usu° S.II,257 however used simply in the sense of making:arrow-maker,fletcher.Perhaps the reading should be °kāraka.(Page 210),8,1
  5580. 216678,en,15,karaniya,karaṇīya,Karaṇīya,Karaṇīya,[grd.of karoti] 1.adj.(a) that ought to be,must or should be done,to be done,to be made (=kātabbaṃ karaṇârahaṃ KhA 236) Vin.I,58; D.I,3,cp.Miln.183; A.V,210; DA.I,7.Often --° in the sense of “doing,making,” as yathā kāma° S.II,226; cp.IV.91,159; “having business” bahu° D.II,76; A.III,116; S.II,215; anukampa° PvA.61:-- (b) done,in the sense of undoing,i.e.overcome,undone D.II,76 cp.Dial.II.81 n.-- 2.(m.) one who has still something left to perform (for the attainment of Arahantship,a sekha J.III,23.-- 3.(nt.) (a) what ought to be done,duty,obligation; affairs,business D.I,85; II,68,74 cp.A.IV,16; M.I,271; S.III,168; IV,281 cp.Vin.III,12; Vin.I,139; A.I,58; Sn.143; Sn.p.32 (yan te karanīyaṃ taṃ karohi “do what you have to do”); -- °ṃ tīreti to conclude a business Vin.II.158; J.V,298.Kataṃ °ṃ done is what was to be done,I have done my task,in freq.formula “khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ ...” to mark the attainment of Arahantship D.I,84; II,68=153; Th.2,223; Vin.I,14; Sn.p.16; DA.I,226,etc.See Arahant II.C.‹-› There are 3 duties each of a samaṇa,farmer and householder enumerated at A.I,229; 3 of a bhikkhu A.I,230; -- (b) use,need (with Instr.):appamādena k° S.IV,125; cetanāya k° A.V,2,312; cp.Miln.5,78.<i>akaraṇīya</i> 1.(adj.) (a) what ought not to be done,prohibited A.I,58; III,208=DA.I,235.-- (b) incapable of being done (c.Gen.) It.18.-- (c) improper,not befitting (c.Gen.) Vin.I,45=216=III,20; PvA.64.-- (d) not to be “done,” i.e.not to be overcome or defeated D.II,76; A.IV,113; -- (e) having nothing to do Vin.I,154.‹-› 2.(nt.) a forbidden matter,prohibition Vin.II,278 ‹-› sa° 1.having business,busy Vin.I,155; -- 2.one who has still something to do (in sense of above 2) D.II,143; Th.1,1045; DA.I,9.(Page 196),8,1
  5581. 216696,en,15,karaniyata,karaṇīyatā,Karaṇīyatā,Karaṇīyatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.prec.] the fact that something has to be performed,an obligation Vin.II,89,93; <i>sa°</i> being left with something to do Miln.140.(Page 196),10,1
  5582. 216710,en,15,karanja,karañja,Karañja,Karañja,[cp.Sk.karañja,accord.to Aufrecht,Halāyudha p.176 the Dalbergia arborea] the tree Pongamia glabra,used medicinally Vin.I,201; J.VI,518,519.(Page 196),7,1
  5583. 216765,en,15,karapaka,kārāpaka,Kārāpaka,Kārāpaka,[fr.kārāpeti] a schemer,inventor J.VI,333.(Page 210),8,1
  5584. 216781,en,15,karapana,kārāpaṇa,Kārāpaṇa,Kārāpaṇa,see kāreti.(Page 210),8,1
  5585. 216860,en,15,karapita,kārāpita,Kārāpita,Kārāpita,[pp.of kārāpeti,Caus.of karoti] made to do J.VI,374.(Page 210),8,1
  5586. 216904,en,15,karati,karati,Karati,Karati,<sup>2</sup> (°tī) (f.) a superior kind of bean,the Dolichos catjang J.VI,536 (=rājamāsa).(Page 196),6,1
  5587. 216905,en,15,karati,karati,Karati,Karati,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.kṛntati] to cut,injure,hurt; in “karato kārayato chindato chedāpayato ...” D.I,52=M.I,516; S.III,208.(Page 196),6,1
  5588. 216925,en,15,karavi,karavī,Karavī,Karavī,[cp.Sk.kala-kaṇṭha cuckoo, &#38; kalaviṅka sparrow] the Indian cuckoo J.VI,539.(Page 196),6,1
  5589. 216935,en,15,karavika,karavīka,Karavīka,Karavīka,same J.V,204,416; Vv 36<sup>4</sup>; Vism.112,206; VvA.166,219.<br><br><i> --bhāṇin </i>speaking like the cuckoo,i.e.with a clear and melodious voice,one of the mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇas D.II,20=III,144=173=M.II,137,etc.; cp.Dial.II.17 n.and BSk.kalaviṅka-manojña-bhāṣin Sp.Av.Ś I.371 (Index p.225,where references to Lalitavist.are given).(Page 196),8,1
  5590. 216999,en,15,karavira,karavīra,Karavīra,Karavīra,[cp.Sk.karavīra] 1.the oleander,Nerium odorum.Its flower was used especially in garlands worn by delinquents (see kaṇṭha) -- 2.a kind of grass J.IV,92.--patta a kind of arrow M.I,429.(Page 196),8,1
  5591. 217015,en,15,karaviya,karavīya,Karavīya,Karavīya,(°iya)=prec.J.VI,538.(Page 196),8,1
  5592. 217082,en,15,karenu,kareṇu,Kareṇu,Kareṇu,[metathesis for kaṇeru,q.v.,cp.Sk.kareṇu] elephant,in cpd.<i>--lolita</i> resounding with the noise made by elephants,of a forest Th.2,373.(Page 197),6,1
  5593. 217090,en,15,karenuka,kareṇukā,Kareṇukā,Kareṇukā,(f.) [fr.kareṇu) a female elephant J.II,343; DhA.I,196 (v.l.for kaṇeru).(Page 197),8,1
  5594. 217103,en,15,kareri,kareri,Kareri,Kareri,in Childers the tree Capparis trifoliata,but see Brethren,p.363,n.2:musk-rose tree or “karer”; Th.1,1062; Ud.31; J.V,405; VI,534.(Page 197),6,1
  5595. 217159,en,15,kareti,kāreti,Kāreti,Kāreti,(Causative of karoti),to construct,to build,etc.; pp.kārita; der.--kārāpaṇa the construction of (vihāra°) DhA.I,416.For details see karoti IV.; see also kārāpaka &#38; kārāpita.(Page 210),6,1
  5596. 217218,en,15,kari-paribandha,kari-paribandha,Kari-paribandha,Kari-paribandha,(adj.) [=karīsa-paribaddha] bound up in filth,full of filth,disgusting; Ep.of the body Th.1,1152.Kari here is abbrev.of karīsa<sup>2</sup> (see note ad Loc.).(Page 196),15,1
  5597. 217225,en,15,karika,kārikā,Kārikā,Kārikā,see kāraka.(Page 210),6,1
  5598. 217235,en,15,karin,karin,Karin,Karin,(adj.) [fr.kara] “one who has a hand,” an elephant (cp.hatthin) Mhvs 24,34; 25,68; Dāvs.IV,2.In cpds.kari.<br><br> --<i>gajjita</i> the cry of the elephant,an elephant’s trumpeting Dāvs.V,56; --<i>vara</i> an excellent elephant Mhbv 4,143; Dāvs.IV,2.(Page 196),5,1
  5599. 217238,en,15,karin,kārin,Kārin,Kārin,(-°) (adj.) doing:yathāvādī tathākārī “as he says so he does” D.III,135,Sn.357; see for examples the various cpds.as kamma°,kibbisa°,khaṇḍa°,chidda°,dukkaṭa°,dvaya°,paccakkha°,pubba°,sakkacca°,sampajāna°,etc.(Page 210),5,1
  5600. 217257,en,15,karisa,karīsa,Karīsa,Karīsa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.karīṣa,to chṛṇatti to vomit,cp.Lat.--cerda in mūscerda,sūcerda] refuse,filth,excrement,dung D.II,293; J.I,5; Vism.259,358 (in detail); PvA.87,258; KhA 59; mutta° urine and fæces A.I,139; Sn.835.<br><br> --magga the anus J.IV,327; --vāca (nt.) a cesspool J.III,263 (=gūthakūpa); --vāyin,f.°inī diffusing an odour of excrement PvA.87.(Page 196),6,1
  5601. 217258,en,15,karisa,karīsa,Karīsa,Karīsa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) a square measure of land,being that space on which a karīsa of seed can be sown (Tamil karīsa),see Rhys Davids,Ancient Coins and Measures of Ceylon,p.18; J.I,94,212; IV,233,276; VvA.64.(Page 196),6,1
  5602. 217322,en,15,karita,kāritā,Kāritā,Kāritā,= kārikā (performance); see pāripūri°.(Page 210),6,1
  5603. 217367,en,15,kariya,kāriya,Kāriya,Kāriya,(adj.) [grd.of kāreti,Caus.of karoti] to be done,neg.akāriya to be undone,(not) to be made good It.18.(Page 210),6,1
  5604. 217446,en,15,karoti,karoṭi,Karoṭi,Karoṭi,<sup>2</sup> (m.) a class of genii that formed one of the 5 guards of the devas against the asuras J.I,204,associated with the nāgas (cp.Divy 218; and Morris,J.P.T.S.1893,22).As N.of Supaṇṇas (a kind of Garuḍas) expl<sup>d</sup> as “tesaṃ karoṭi nāma pānabhojanaṃ” by C.on J.I,204.Kern,Toev.s.v.compares BSk.karoṭapāṇayah a class of Yakṣas MVastu I.30.(Page 197),6,1
  5605. 217447,en,15,karoti,karoṭi,Karoṭi,Karoṭi,<sup>1</sup> (f.) 1.a basin,cup,bowl,dish J.I,243; II,363; III,225; IV,67; V,289,290.-- 2.the skull (cp.kaḷopi.On the form cp.Dial.I.227 n.) J.VI,592.(Page 197),6,1
  5606. 217458,en,15,karoti,karoti,Karoti,Karoti,v.irreg.[Sk.karoti,<i>*qǔer</i> to form,to build (or plait,weave? see kamma),cp.kar-man,Lith.kùrti to build,O.Tr.cruth form; Lat.corpus,with p- addition,as Sk.kṛpa,<em>kḷp</em><i>=</i><em>kṛp</em>.Derived are kalpa › kappa,kalpate › kappeti].Of the endless variety of forms given by grammarians only the foll.are bona fide and borne out by passages from our texts (when bracketed,found in gram.works only):I.Act.1.Ind.Pres.karomi,etc.Sn.78,216,512,666=Dh.306=It.42; Opt.kare Dh.42,43,pl.(kareyyāma) kareyyātha Sn.p.101; or (sing.) kareyya (freq.),kareyyāsi PvA.11; kareyya Sn.920,923; kuriyā (=Sk.kuryāt) J.VI,206; Ppr.karan Dh.136,or karonto (f.karontī) Dh.16,116.-- 2.Impf.(akara,etc.).- 3.Aor.(akaṃ) akariṃ,etc.,3rd sing.akāsi Sn.343,537,2nd pl.akattha Pv.I,11<sup>2</sup>; PvA.45,75; 3rd pl.akariṃsu; akaṃsu Sn.882; PvA.74; without augment kari DhA.II,59.Prohibitive mā(a)kāsi Sn.339,1068,etc.-- 4.Imper.karohi Sn.p.32; 1062; karotha Sn.223; KhA 168.-- 5.Fut.karissāmi,etc.; kassāmi Pv IV.1<sup>39</sup>; kāsaṃ J.IV,286; VI,36; kāhāmi (in sense of I will do,I am determined to do,usually w.puññaṃ &#38; kusalaṃ poetical only) Pv.II,11<sup>3</sup>; Vv 33<sup>192</sup>; 2nd sing.kāhasi Sn.427,428; Dh.154; 1st pl.kāhāma Pv IV.10<sup>11</sup>.-- 6.Inf.kātuṃ PvA.4,61,69,115,Kh VI,10,etc.; kattuṃ VvA.13; kātave Mhvs 35,29; Vv 44<sup>15</sup> (=kātuṃ); kātuye Th.2,418.-- 7.pp.kata,see sep.-- 8.Ger.katvā Sn.127,661,705,etc.; katvāna (poet.) Sn.89,269,Pv.I,1<sup>3</sup>; karitvā see IV.II.Med.1.Ind.pres.(kubbe,etc.) 3rd sing.kubbati Sn.168,811; 3rd pl.kubbanti Sn.794; or 3rd sing.kurute Sn.94,796,819; It.67; Opt.(kubbe,etc.) 2nd pl.kubbetha Sn.702,719,917; It.87; or 3rd sing.kayirā Sn.728=1051; S.I,24; Dh.53,117; kayirātha (always expl.by kareyya) Dh.25,117; It.13; Pv.I,11<sup>11</sup>; KhA 224; kubbaye Sn.943.-- Ppr.(kurumāna,kubbāno,karāno) (a)kubbaṃ Sn.844,913; (a)kubbanto It.86; f.(vi)kubbantī Vv 11<sup>2</sup>; (a)kubbamāna Sn.777,778,897; (vi)kubbamāna Vv 33<sup>1</sup>.-- 2.Impf.(akariṃ,2nd sing.akarase,etc.) 3rd sing.akubbatha Pv.II,13<sup>18</sup>; 1st pl.akaramhase J.III,26,°a DhA.I,145.-- 3.Aor.(none) -- 4.Imper.(2nd sing.kurussu,3rd sing.kurutaṃ,2nd pl.kuruvho) 3rd sing.kurutaṃ (=Sk.kurutāṃ) J.VI,288.-- 5.Fut.(none).III,Pass.1.Ind.pres.(karīyati,etc.) kayirati Dh.292=Th.1,635; KhA 168; and kīrati Th.1,143.Ppr.(karīyamāna,kayīra°).‹-› 2.Fut.kariyissati Vin.I,107.-- 3.Grd.karaṇīya (q.v.),(kayya) kātabba DhA.I,338.IV.Caus.I.(denom.to kāra) kārayati=kāreti,in origin.meaning of build,construct,and fig.perform,exercise,rule,wield (rajjaṃ):kārehi PvA.81 (of huts),kārayissāmi Pv.II,6<sup>4</sup> (of doll); kāressaṃ J.V,297 (do.),akārayi Pv.II,13<sup>10</sup>; akārayuṃ Mhvs.IV,3; akāresi Mhvs 23,85; kāretuṃ PvA.74; kārayamāna VvA.9 (of chair); kāretvā (nāmaṃ) PvA.162; karitvā Sn.444 (vasiṃ) 674; 680 (vittiṃ); p.97 (uttarāsaṅgaṃ).V.Caus.II.Kārāpeti S.I,179; PvA.20; Aor.kārāpesi he had (=caused to be) erected,constructed Vin.II,159; fut.kārāpessāmi Mhvs 20,9; ger.kārāpetvā PvA.123; grd.kārapetabba Vin.II,134.<br><br> Meanings of karoti:1.to build,erect Mhvs 19,36; 20,9 (Caus.).-- 2.to act,perform,make,do Vin.I,155; J.I,24; II,153 (tathā karomi yathā na ...I prevent,cp.Lat.facio ne ...); III,297; Pv.I,8<sup>8</sup>=II.6<sup>19</sup>; Mhvs 3,1; 7,22; -- 3.to produce DhA.I,172; -- 4.to write,compose J.VI,410; PvA.287; -- 5.to put on,dress Vin.II,277; J.I,9; -- 6.to impose (a punishment) Mhvs 4,14; -- 7.to turn into (with Loc.or two Acc.) J.II,32; Mhvs 9,27; -- 8.to use as (with two Acc.) J.I,113; II,24; -- 9.to bring into (with Loc.) J.V,454 ‹-› 10.to place (with Loc.) J.V,274; (with Acc.of the person) Dh.162.It is very often used periphrastically,where the trsl<sup>n</sup> would simply employ the noun as verb,e.g.kathaṃ k° D.II,98; kodhaṃ k° and kopaṃ k° to be angry J.IV,22; VI,257; cayaṃ k° to hoard up; corikaṃ k° to steal Vin.I,75; taṇhaṃ k° (c.Loc.) to desire J.I,5; sītaṃ k° to cool D.II,129.-- It is often comp<sup>d</sup> with nouns or adjectives with a change of final vowel to ī (i) uttāni° to make clear D.II,105; pākaṭī°,bahulī°,muṭṭhī°,etc.(q.v.).Cp.the same process in conn.with bhavati.-- The meanings of karoti are varied according to the word with which it is connected; it would be impossible and unnecessary to give an exhaustive list of all its various shades.Only a few illustrations may suffice:aṃse k° to place on one’s shoulder J.I,9; antarāyaṃ k° to prevent J.I,232; ādiṃ k° (c.Acc.) to begin with; nimittaṃ k° to give a hint D.II,103; pātarāsaṃ k° to breakfast; mānasaṃ k° to make up one’s mind; mahaṃ k° to hold a festival D.II,165; massuṃ k° to trim the beard DhA.I,253; musāvādaṃ k° to tell a lie J.VI,401; rajjaṃ k° to reign S.I,218; vase k° to bring into one’s power J.I,79; sandhiṃ k° to make an agreement Mhvs 16; sinehaṃ k° to become fond of J.I,190.-- Similarly,cp<sup>d</sup> with adverbs:alaṃ k° to make much of,i.e.to adorn,embellish; dūrato k° to keep at a distance,i.e.keep free from PvA.17; Sdhp.287; purak k° (purakkharoti) to place before,i.e.to honour Pv III,7<sup>1</sup>.-- Note phrase kiṃ karissati what difference does it make? (Cp.Ger.was macht’s) D.I,120; or what about ...J.I,152.(Page 197),6,1
  5607. 217468,en,15,karotika,karoṭika,Karoṭika,Karoṭika,[fr.karoṭi<sup>1</sup>)] 1.a bowl,basin J.IV,68; DhA.II,131 (sappi°).-- 2.the skull J.VI,592; where it may be a helmet in the form of a skull.(Page 197),8,1
  5608. 217472,en,15,karotiya,karoṭiya,Karoṭiya,Karoṭiya,=karoṭika 2,J.VI,593.(Page 197),8,1
  5609. 217486,en,15,karumbhaka,karumbhaka,Karumbhaka,Karumbhaka,a species of rice-plant of a ruddy colour Miln.252 (see Mil.trsl.II.73).(Page 197),10,1
  5610. 217489,en,15,karumha,karumhā,Karumhā,Karumhā,(pl.) a class of Devas D.II,260.(Page 197),7,1
  5611. 217498,en,15,karuna,karuṇā,Karuṇā,Karuṇā,(f.) [cp.Vedic karuṇa nt.(holy) action; Sk.karuṇā,fr.<em> kṛ</em>.As adj.karuṇa see under 3.] pity,compassion.Karuṇā is one of the 4 qualities of character significant of a human being who has attained enfranchisement of heart (ceto-vimutti) in the 4 sentiments,viz.mettā k.° upekhā muditā Freq.found in this formula with °sahagatena cetasā.The first two qualities are complementary,and SnA 128 (on Sn.73) explains k° as “ahita-dukkh-âpanaya-kāmatā,” the desire of removing bane and sorrow (from one’s fellowmen),whilst mettā is expl.as “hita-sukh-ûpanayakāmatā,” the desire of bringing (to one’s fellow-men) that which is welfare and good.Other definitions are “paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ hadayakampanaṃ karotī ti” Bdhd 21; “sattesu k° karuṇāyanā karuṇāyitattaṃ karuṇā cetovimutti” as expl.of avihiṃsa dhātu Vbh.87; paradukkhāsahana-rasā Vism.318.K°-sahagatena cetasā denotes the exalted state of compassion for all beings (all that is encompassed in the sphere of one’s good influence:see cātuddisa “extending over the 4,i.e.all,directions):D.I,251; III,78,50,224; S.IV,296,322,351; V,115; A.I,183,196; II,129,184; III,225; V,300,345; J.II,129; Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.73; Vbh.273,280; Dhs.1258.The def.of karuṇā at Vism.318 runs “paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ hadaya-kampanaṃ karoti.” Frequently referred to as an ideal of contemplation (in conn.w.bhāvanā &#38; jhāna),so in “karuṇaṃ cetovimuttiṃ bhāveti” S.V,119; A.I,38; V,360; in k° cetovimutti bhāvitā bahulī-katā,etc.D.III,248; A.III,291; IV,300; in k°-sahagataṃ saddhindriyaṃ A.I,42; unspecified S.V,131; A.III,185; Nett 121,124; Ps.I,8; k°+mettā Nett 25; k°+muditā Bdhd 16 sq.,26 sq.,29; ananta k° pañña as Ep.of Buddha Bdhd 1; karuṇaṃ dūrato katvā,without mercy,of the Yamadūtā,messengers of Death Sdhp.287; <i>mahā°</i> great compassion Ps.I,126,133; <i>--°samāpatti</i> a “gest,” feat of great compassion:in which Buddha is represented when rising and surveying the world to look for beings to be worthy of his mercy and help D.II,237; Ps.1,126 f.DhA.I,26,367; PvA.61,195; -- 3.As adj.only in cpds.(e.g.°vācā merciful speech; neg.akaruṇa merciless Mhbv 85, &#38; ati° very merciful J.IV,142) and as adv.<i>karuṇaṃ</i> pitifully,piteously,mournfully,in k° paridevati J.VI,498,513,551; Cp.IX.54; also in Abl.<i>karuṇā</i> J.VI,466.--See also kāruñña.<br><br> <i>--âdhimutta</i> intent upon compassion D.II,241,242; <i>--ânuvattin</i> following the dictates of mercy Dāvs III,46; <i>--guṇaja</i> originating in the quality of compassion Sdhp.570; <i>--jala</i> water of c.,shower of mercy Miln.22; Mhbv 16; <i>--jhāna</i> meditation on pity,ecstasy of c.D.II,237--39; <i>--ṭṭhāniya</i> worthy of c.PvA.72; <i>--para</i> one who is highest in compassion,compassionate Sdhp.112,345; <i>--bala</i> the power of c.Mhvs 15,61,130; Sdhp.577; <i>--brahmavihāra</i> divine state of pity Vism.319.<i>--bhāvanā</i> consideration or cultivation of pity Vism.314 sq.<i>--rasa</i> the sweetness of c.Mhbv 16; <i>--vihāra</i> (a heart) in the state of c.Vism.324 ( &#38; adj.°vihārin); DA.I,33; <i>--sāgara</i> an ocean of mercy Mhbv 7; <i>--sītala</i> “cool with c.” +hadaya,whose heart is tempered with mercy Sdhp.33; DA.I,1.(Page 197),6,1
  5612. 217677,en,15,karunayati,karuṇāyati,Karuṇāyati,Karuṇāyati,[v.den.fr.karuṇā; cp.BSk.karuṇāyati Divy 105] to feel pity for,to have compassion on Sn.1065 (°āyamāna; expl.by Nd<sup>2</sup> as anuddayamāno anurakkh° anuggaṇh° anukamp°); Vbh.273; Vism.314.Der.<i>°āyanā</i> compassionateness Vbh.87=273 (and <i>°āyitattaṃ</i> ibid.).(Page 197),10,1
  5613. 217711,en,15,karunika,kāruṇika,Kāruṇika,Kāruṇika,(adj.) [fr.karuṇa] compassionate,merciful Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup>; PvA.16; Bdhd 49; often with mahā°:of great mercy Sdhp.330,557; so of the Buddha:mahākāruṇika nātha “the Saviour of great mercy” in introductory stanzas to Pv and Vv.(Page 210),8,1
  5614. 217724,en,15,karunna,kāruñña,Kāruñña,Kāruñña,(nt.) [fr.karuṇa] compassion (usually with anudayā and anukampā) S.II,199; A.III,189; Vism.300; PvA.75; Sdhp.509.(Page 210),7,1
  5615. 217764,en,15,karunnata,kāruññatā,Kāruññatā,Kāruññatā,(f.) compassionateness S.I,138.(Page 210),9,1
  5616. 217799,en,15,kasa,kasā,Kasā,Kasā,(f.) [Vedic kaśā] a whip Vin.I,99 (in Uddāna); M.I,87,etc.; Dh.143; Miln.197.-- <i>--kasāhi tāḷeti</i> to whip,lash,flog as punishment for malefactors here,as well as in Niraya (see kamma-karaṇā) M.I,87=A.I,47= II.122,etc.; PvA.4 (of a thief scourged on his way to the place of execution); DhA.II,39 (id.).<br><br> <i>--niviṭṭha</i> touched by the whip,whipped Dh.144 (=DhA.III,86); <i>--pahāra</i> a stroke with the whip,a lash J.III,178; <i>--hata</i> struck with the whip,scourged Vin.I,75; 91=322; Sdhp.147.(Page 201),4,1
  5617. 217811,en,15,kasa,kāsa,Kāsa,Kāsa,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.kāsa] cough; in list of diseases under ābādhā A.V,110=Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>1</sup>.(Page 212),4,1
  5618. 217812,en,15,kasa,kāsa,Kāsa,Kāsa,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.kāśa] a kind of reed,Saccharum spontaneum S.III,137.(Page 212),4,1
  5619. 217839,en,15,kasaka,kasaka,Kasaka,Kasaka,see kassaka.(Page 201),6,1
  5620. 217871,en,15,kasambu,kasambu,Kasambu,Kasambu,[Derivation uncertain] anything worthless,rubbish,filth,impurity; fig.low passions S.I,166; Sn.281=Miln.414=A.IV,172; Vism.258 (maṃsa°),259 (parama°).<br><br> <i>--jāta</i> one whose nature is impurity,in comb.brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto k° S.IV,181; A.II,240; IV,128,201; Vin.II,236; Pug.27,34,36; Vism.57 (+avassuta pāpa).<i>°ka-</i>jāta ibid.in vv.ll.(Page 201),7,1
  5621. 217893,en,15,kasana,kasana,Kasana,Kasana,(nt.) ploughing,tilling J.IV,167; VI,328,364; Vism.384 (+vapana sowing).(Page 201),6,1
  5622. 217952,en,15,kasata,kasaṭa,Kasaṭa,Kasaṭa,(metathesis of sakaṭa,cp.Trenckner,Miln.p.423) 1.(adj.) bad,nasty; bitter,acrid; insipid,disgusting A.I,72; J.II,96; 159.-- 2.(m.) (a) fault,vice,defect M.I,281; Ps.II,87.-- (b) leavings,dregs VvA.288 (v.l.sakaṭa).-- (c) something bitter or nasty J.II,96; V,18.-- (d) bitter juice J.II,105 (nimba°).-- <i>sa°</i> faulty,wrong,bitter to eat,unpalatable Miln.119.<br><br> <i>--ôdaka</i> insipid,tasteless water J.II,97.(Page 201),6,1
  5623. 217975,en,15,kasati,kasati,Kasati,Kasati,[<em>kṛṣ</em> or <em>karṣ</em>] to till,to plough S.I,172,173=Sn.80; Th.I,531; J.I,57; II,165; VI,365.-- kassate (3rd sing.med.) Th.1,530.-- pp.kattha (q.v.) Caus.II.<i>kasāpeti</i> Miln.66,82; DhA.I,224.(Page 201),6,1
  5624. 218031,en,15,kasavaka,kāsāvaka,Kāsāvaka,Kāsāvaka,[fr.kāsāva] a yellow robe DhA.II,86.(Page 212),8,1
  5625. 218094,en,15,kasaviya,kāsāviya,Kāsāviya,Kāsāviya,[fr.kāsāva] one who is dressed in yellow,esp.of the royal executioner (cp.kāsāya-vattha) J.IV,447 (=cora-ghātaka C.).(Page 212),8,1
  5626. 218109,en,15,kasaya,kasāya,Kasāya,Kasāya,and Kasāva [Derivation uncertain.The word first appears in the late Vedic form kaṣāya,a decoction,distillation,essence; used fig<sup>y</sup> of evil.The old Pali form is kasāva] 1.a kind of paste or gum used in colouring walls Vin.II,151.-- 2.an astringent decoction extracted from plants Vin.I,201,277; J.V,198.-- 3.(of taste),astringent Dhs.629; Miln.65; DhA.II,31.‹-› 4.(of colour) reddish-yellow,orange coloured Vin.I,277.-- 5.(ethical) the fundamental faults (rāga,dosa,moha) A.I,112; Dh.10; Vbh.368.--a° faultless,flawless,in akasāvattaṃ being without defect A.I,112 (of a wheel,with --sa° ibid.); --sa° faulty DhA.I,82; --mahā° wicked J.IV,387.In cpds.both forms,viz.(kasāya)--yoga an astringent remedy J.V,198 (kasāva° ibid.); --rasa reddishyellow dye J.II,198; (kasāva)--ôdaka an astringent decoction Vin.I,205; --gandha having a pungent smell Vin.I,277; --rasa having an astringent taste ibid.; --vaṇṇa of reddish-yellow colour ibid.(Page 201),6,1
  5627. 218122,en,15,kasaya,kāsāya,Kāsāya,Kāsāya,and Kāsāva (adj.) [Sk.kāṣāya from the Pāli; kāsāya prob.fr.Sk.śyāma or śyāva brown=Pāli sāma,with kā=kad,a kind of,thus meaning a kind of brown,i.e.yellow.See further under sāma and cp.kāla] 1.Kāsāya as attr.of vatthāni,the yellow robes of the Buddhist mendicant,in phrase kāsāyāni v° acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā,describing the taking up of the “homeless state” D.I,60,61,63,115; M.II,67; A.I,107; II,208; IV,118,274,280; Pug.57; Nd<sup>2</sup> 172.°vattha (adj.) with yellow robes Sn.64; cp.‘nivattha J.III,179 (dressed in yellow,of the executioner:see Fick,Soziale Gliederung p.104 &#38; cp.kāsāya-nivāsana J.III,41; kāsāviya J.IV,447); PvA.20; °vāsin dressed in yellow Sn.487.-- 2.Kāsāva (vattha) the yellow robe (never in above formula) Vin.I,287; S.IV,190=V.53=301; Dh.9,10=Th.1,969,970=J.II,198 =V.50; Miln.11.°kaṇṭhā (pl.) the “yellow necks” those whose necks are dressed in yellow Dh.307 (= DhA.III,480)=It.43; °pajjota glittering with yellow robes Vbh.247; Miln.19.(Page 212),6,1
  5628. 218158,en,15,kasayatta,kasāyatta,Kasāyatta,Kasāyatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.kasāya] astringency Miln.56.(Page 201),9,1
  5629. 218189,en,15,kaseruka,kaseruka,Kaseruka,Kaseruka,[etym.connected with Sk.kaseru backbone?] a plant,shrub SnA 284 (v.l.kaṃsīruka for kiṃsuka?).See also <i>kaṭeruha</i>.(Page 202),8,1
  5630. 218202,en,15,kasi,kasi,Kasi,Kasi,and Kasī (f.) [fr.kasāti] tilling,ploughing; agriculture,cultivation M.II,198; S.I,172,173=Sn.76 sq.; Vin.IV,6; Pv.I,5<sup>6</sup> (k°,gorakkha,vaṇijjā); PvA.7; Sdhp.390 (k°,vaṇijjā); VvA.63.-- °ṃ kasati to plough,to till the land J.I,277; Vism.284.<br><br> --kamma the act or occupation of ploughing,agriculture J.II,165,300; III,270.--karaṇa ploughing,tilling of the field PvA.66; --khetta a place for cultivation,a field PvA.8 (kasī°); --gorakkha agriculture and cattle breeding D.I,135; --bhaṇḍa ploughing implements DhA.I,307.(Page 201),4,1
  5631. 218249,en,15,kasika,kāsika,Kāsika,Kāsika,(adj.) [cp.Sk.kāśika &#38; in a diff.sense aḍḍha-kāsika] belonging to the Kāsī country,or to Benares; in °uttama (scil.vattha) an upper garment made of Benares cloth Pv.I,10<sup>8</sup>; J.VI,49 (where to be read kāsik’uttama for kāsi-kuttama).°vattha Benares muslin A.I,248; III,50; Pug.34; Miln.2; DhA.I,417; Vism.115.(Page 212),6,1
  5632. 218340,en,15,kasina,kasiṇa,Kasiṇa,Kasiṇa,<sup>2</sup> [Deriv.uncertain] (nt.) one of the aids to kammaṭṭhāna the practice by means of which mystic meditation (bhāvanā,jhāna) may be attained.They are fully described at A.V,46 sq.,60; usually enumerated as ten [sāvakā dasa k° --āyatanāni bhāventi]; paṭhavī°,āpo°,tejo°,vāyo°,nīla°,pīta°,lohita°,odāta°,ākāsa°,viññāṇa°-that is,earth,water,fire,air; blue,yellow,red,white; space,intellection (or perhaps consciousness) M.II,14; D.III,268,290; Nett 89,112; Dhs.202; Ps.I,6,95; cp.Manual 49--52; Bdhd 4,90 sq.,95 sq.-- For the last two (ākāsa° and viññāṇa°) we find in later sources āloka° and (paricchinn’) ākāsa° Vism.110; cp.Dhs.trsl.43 n.4,57 n.2; Cpd.54,202.-- Eight (the above omitting the last two) are given at Ps.I,49,143,149.-- See further J.I,313; III,519; DhsA.186 sq.There are 14 manners of practising the kasiṇas (of which the first nine are:k°-ânulomaṃ; k°-paṭilomaṃ; k°-ânupaṭilomaṃ; jhānânulomaṃ; jh°paṭi°; jh°-ânupaṭi°; jh°-ukkantikaṃ; k° ukk°; jh°k°-ukk°) Vism.374; cp.Bdhd 5,101 sq.,104,152.‹-› Nine qualities or properties of (paṭhavi-) kasiṇa are enum<sup>d</sup> at Vism.117.-- Each k.is fivefold,according to uddhaṃ,adho,tiriyaṃ,advayaṃ,appamāṇaṃ; M.II,15,etc.-- kasiṇaṃ oloketi to fix one’s gaze on the particular kasiṇa chosen J.V,314; °ṃ samannāharati to concentrate one’s mind on the k.J.III,519.<br><br> --āyatana the base or object of a kasiṇa exercise (see above as 10 such objects) D.III,268; M.II,14; Ps.I,28,etc.; --ārammaṇa=°āyatana Vism.427 (three,viz.tejo°,odāta°,āloka°).--kamma the k.practice J.I,141; IV,306; V,162,193.--jhāna the k.meditation DhsA.413.--dosa fault of the k.object Vism.117,123 (the 4 faults of paṭhavī-kasiṇa being confusion of the 4 colours).--parikamma the preliminary,preparatory rites to the exercise of a kasiṇa meditation,such as preparing the frame,repeating the necessary formulas,etc.J.I,8,245; III,13,526; DhsA.187; --°ṃ katheti to give instructions in these preparations J.III,369; °ṃ karoti to perform the k-preparations J.IV,117; V,132,427; VI,68; --maṇḍala a board or stone or piece of ground divided by depressions to be used as a mechanical aid to jhāna exercise.In each division of the maṇḍala a sample of a kasiṇa was put.Several of these stone maṇḍalas have been found in the ruins at Anurādhapura.Cp.Cpd.54 f.202 f.J.III,501; DhA.IV,208.--samāpatti attainment in respect of the k.exercise Nd<sup>2</sup> 466<sup>8</sup> (ten such).(Page 201),6,1
  5633. 218341,en,15,kasina,kasiṇa,Kasiṇa,Kasiṇa,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic kṛtsna] (adj.) entire,whole J.IV,111,112.(Page 201),6,1
  5634. 218565,en,15,kasira,kasira,Kasira,Kasira,(adj.) [Probably fr.Vedic kṛcchra,the deriv.of which is uncertain] miserable,painful,troubled,wretched A.IV,283; Sn.574; J.II,136; IV,113=VI,17; Pv IV.1<sup>21</sup> (=PvA.229 dukkha).-- adv.kasirā (Abl.) with difficulty J.V,435; --kasirena (Instr.) D.I,251; M.I,104; S.I,94; Vin.I,195; J.I,338; III,513.a° without pain,easy,comfortable J.VI,224 (=niddukkha); --lābhin obtaining without difficulty (f° inī A.IV,342) in formula akicchalābhī akasiralābhī etc.M.I,33; S.II,278; A.I,184; II,23,3Q; IV,106; Ud.36; Pug.11,12.<br><br> <i>--ābhata</i> amassed with toil and difficulty (of wealth) J.V,435; <i>--vuttika</i> finding it hard to get a livelihood A.I,107=Pug.51.(Page 201),6,1
  5635. 218620,en,15,kasita,kasita,Kasita,Kasita,(pp.of kasati) ploughed,tilled Anvs 44; --a° untilled ibid.27,44.-- Cp.vi°.(Page 201),6,1
  5636. 218721,en,15,kassaka,kassaka,Kassaka,Kassaka,[fr.kasati] a husbandman,cultivator,peasant,farmer,ploughman D.I,61 (k° gahapatiko kārakārako rāsi-vaḍḍhako); A.I,241; A.I.229,239 (the three duties of a farmer); S.I,172=Sn.76; III,155 (v.l.for T.kasaka); IV,314; Vin.IV,108; Bdhd 96; DA.I,170; often in similes,e.g.Pv.I,1<sup>1</sup>; II,9<sup>68</sup> (likeness to the doer of good works); Vism.152,284,320.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> (under) the disguise of a peasant S.I,115 (of Māra).(Page 202),7,1
  5637. 218750,en,15,kassama,kassāma,Kassāma,Kassāma,fut.of karoti.(Page 202),7,1
  5638. 218841,en,15,kassati,kassati,Kassati,Kassati,[<em>kṛṣ</em>] see ava°,anu° (aor.anvakāsi),pari°; otherwise <i>kasati</i>; cp.also <i>kissati</i>.(Page 202),7,1
  5639. 218860,en,15,kasu,kāsu,Kāsu,Kāsu,[cp.Sk.karṣū,fr.kṛṣ] a hole; only in cpd.aṅgārakāsu a cinderhole,a fire-pit,usually understood as a pit of glowing cinders J.I,232.Mostly found in similes,e.g.S.IV,56,188; Sn.396; Sdhp.208; and in kāmā aṅgārakās’ûpamā metaphor A.IV,224=V.175; see also kāma.(Page 212),4,1
  5640. 218891,en,15,kata,kaṭa,Kaṭa,Kaṭa,<sup>3</sup><i> =kata </i>[pp.of karoti] in meaning of “original,” good (cp.sat); as nt.“the lucky die” in phrase kaṭag‹-› gaha (see below).Also in comb<sup>n</sup> with su° &#38; duk° for sukata &#38; dukkata (e.g.Vin.II,289; DhA.III,486; IV,150),and in meaning of “bad,evil” in kaṭana.Cp.also kali.<br><br> --ggaha “he who throws the lucky die,” one who is lucky,fortunate,in phrase “ubhayattha k.” lucky in both worlds,i.e.here &#38; beyond Th.1,462; J.IV,322 (=jayaggaha victorious C.); cp.Morris in J.P.T.S.1887,159.Also in “ubhayam ettha k.” S.IV,351 sq.-- Opposed to kali the unlucky die,in phrase kaliṃ gaṇhāti to have bad luck J.VI,206 (kaliggaha=parājayasaṅkhāta,i.e.one who is defeated,as opp.to kaṭaggaha=jayasaṅkhāta),228,282.(Page 176),4,1
  5641. 218892,en,15,kata,kaṭa,Kaṭa,Kaṭa,<sup>2</sup> another form of kaṭi (hip),only used in cpds.:<br><br><i> --aṭṭhika</i> the hip-bone D.II,296=M.I,58,89=M.III,92 (as v.l.).Note.kaṭiṭṭhika at M.III,92 and as v.l.at D.II,296.--<i>sāṭaka</i> a loin-cloth J.IV,248.(Page 176),4,1
  5642. 218893,en,15,kata,kaṭa,Kaṭa,Kaṭa,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.kaṭa from kṛṇatti:to do wicker-work,roll up,plait; <i>*gert</i>,cp.Gr.kaρtalos,Lat.cratis=E.crate,Goth.haurds,E.hurdle] a mat:see cpds. &#38; kaṭallaka.<br><br> <i>--sara</i> a reed:Saccharum Sara,used as medicine DhsA.78.<i>--sāra</i> (DhA.I,268) &#38; <i>sāraka</i> a mat for sitting or lying on,made of the stalks of the screw-pine,Pandanus Furcatus J.VI,474; V,97; DA.I,137; DhA.II,183 (Page 176),4,1
  5643. 218911,en,15,kata,kata,Kata,Kata,( &#38; sometimes <i>kaṭa</i>) [pp.of karoti] done,worked,made.Extremely rare as v.trs.in the common meaning of E.make,Ger.machen,or Fr.faire (see the cognate <i>kapp</i> and <i>jan</i>,also uppajjati &#38; vissajjati); its proper sphere of application is either ethical (as pāpaṃ,kusalaṃ,kammaṃ:cp.II.1 b) or in such combinations,where its original meaning of “built,prepared,worked out” is still preserved (cp.I.1 a nagara,and 2 a).<br><br> I.As <i>verb-determinant</i> (predicative).-- 1.in verbal function (Pass.) with nominal determination “done,made” (a) in predicative (epithetic) position:Dh.17 (pāpaṃ me kataṃ evil has been done by me),68 (tañ ca kammaṃ kataṃ),150 (aṭṭhīnaṃ nagaraṃ kataṃ a city built of bones,of the body),173 (yassa pāpaṃ kataṃ kammaṃ).-- (b) in absolute (prothetic) position,often with expression of the agent in Instr.D.I,84=177=M.I,40=Sn.p.16 (in formula kataṃ karanīyaṃ,etc.,done is what had to be done,cp.arahant II.A.); Vin.III,72 (kataṃ mayā kalyāṇaṃ akataṃ mayā pāpaṃ); Pv.I,5<sup>5</sup> (amhākaṃ katā pūjā done to us is homage).-- So also in composition (°-),e.g.(nahāpakehi) <i>°parikammatā</i> the preparations (being) finished (by the barbers) J.VI,145; (tena) <i>°paricaya</i> the acquaintance made (with him) VvA.24; PvA.4; (tattha) <i>°paricayatā</i> the acquaintance (with that spot) VvA.331; (tesaṃ) <i>°pubba</i> done before D.II,75=A.IV,17; (kena) J.VI,575; <i>°matta</i> (made) drunk Th.1,199; (cira) <i>°saṃsagga</i> having (long) been in contact with,familiar J.III,63 (and a°).2.in adj.(med-passive) function (kaṭa &#38; kata); either passive:made,or made of; done by=being like,consisting of; or medio-reflexive:one who has done,having done; also “with” (i.e.this or that action done).-- (a) in pregnant meaning:prepared,cultivated,trained,skilled; kaṭ-âkaṭa prepared &#38; natural Vin.I,206 (of yūsa); akaṭa natural ibid.,not cultivated (of soil) Vin.I,48= II.209; DA.I,78,98; untrained J.III,57,58.-<i>°atta</i> selfpossessed,disciplined J.VI,296; <i>°indiya</i> trained in his senses Th.1,725; <i>°ûpāsana</i> skilled,esp.in archery M.I,82; S.I,62; A.II,48=IV.429; S.I,99; J.IV,211; Miln.352,<i>°kamma</i> practised,skilled J.V,243; of a servant S.I,205 (read āse for ase),of a thief A.III,102 (cp.below II.1 a); <i>°phaṇa</i> having (i.e.with) its hood erected,of a snake J.VI,166; <i>°buddhi</i> of trained mind,clever J.III,58; a° ibid.; <i>°mallaka</i> of made-up teeth,an artificial back-scratcher Vin.II,316; a° not artificially made,the genuine article Vin.II,106; <i>°yogga</i> trained serviceable S.I,99; a° useless S.I,98.<i>°rūpa</i> done naturally,spontaneously J.V,317 (expl<sup>d</sup> by °jāniya; °sabhāva); <i>°veṇī</i> having (i.e.with) the hair done up into a chignon J.V,431; <i>°hattha</i> (one) who has exercised his hands,dexterous,skilful,esp.in archery M.I,82; S.I,62,98; II,266; A.II,48; J.IV,211,; V,41; VI,448; Miln.353; DhA.I,358; a° unskilled,awkward S.I,98; su° well-trained J V 41 (cp.°upāsana),<i>°hatthika</i> an artificial or toy-elephant J.VI,551.-- (b) in ordinary meaning:made or done; <i>°kamma</i> the deed done (in a former existence) J.I,167; VvA.252; PvA.10; <i>°piṭṭha</i> made of flour (dough) PvA.16 (of a doll); <i>°bhāva</i> the performance or happening of J.III,400; Mhbv 33; <i>°saṅketa</i> (one who has made an agreement) J.V,436 -- (c) with adverbial determination (su°,du°; cp.dūrato,puro,atta,sayaṃ, &#38; II.2 c):<i>sukata</i> well laid out,of a road J.VI,293,well built,of a cart Sn.300=304; J.IV,395,well done,i.e.good A.I,102 (°kamma-kārin doing good works).<i>--dukkata</i> badly made,of a robe Vin.IV,279 (ṭ),badly done,i.e.evil A.I,102 (°kamma kārin); <i>sukata-dukkata</i> good &#38; evil (°kammāni deeds) D.I,27= 55=S.IV,351; Miln.5,25.3.as noun (nt.) <i>kataṃ</i> that which has been done,the deed.-- (a) absolute:J.III,26 (katassa appaṭikāraka not reciprocating the deed); V,434 (kataṃ anukaroti he imitates what has been done) <i>kat-âkataṃ</i> what has been done &#38; left undone Vin.IV,211; katāni akatāni ca deeds done &#38; not done Dh.50.-- (b) with adv.determination (su°,du°):sukataṃ goodness (in moral sense) Sn.240; Dh.314; dukkataṃ badness Vin.I,76; II,106; Dh.314; dukkatakārin doing wrong Sn.664.<br><br> II.As <i>noun-determinant</i> (attributive) in composition (var.applications &#38; meanings).-- 1.As 1<sup>st</sup> pt.of comp<sup>d</sup>:Impersonal,denoting the result or finishing of that which is implied in the object with ref.to the act or state resulting,i.e.“so and so made or done”; or personal,denoting the person affected by or concerned with the act.The lit.translation would be “having become one who has done” (act.:see a),or “to whom has been done” (pass.:see b).-- (a) medio-active.Temporal:the action being done,i.e.“after.” The noun-determinates usually bear a relation to time,especially to meal-times,as <i>kat-anna-kicca</i> having finished his meal Dāvs.I,59; <i>°bhatta-kicca</i> after the meal J.IV,123; PvA.93; <i>°purebhatta-kicca</i> having finished the duties of the morning DA.I,45 sq.; SnA 131 sq.; <i>°pātarāsa</i> breakfast J.I,227; DhA.I,117,a° before br.A.IV,64; <i>°pātarāsa-bhatta</i> id.J.VI,349; <i>°ânumodana</i> after thanking (for the meal) J.I,304; <i>°bhatt’ânumodana</i> after expressing satisfaction with the meal PvA.141.In the same application:<i>kat-okāsa</i> having made its appearance,of kamma Vv 32<sup>9</sup> (cp.VvA.113); PvA.63; <i>°kamma</i> (-cora) (a thief) who has just “done the deed,” i.e.committed a theft J.III,34; Vism.180 (katakammā corā &#38; akata° thieves who have finished their “job” &#38; those who have not); DhA.II,38 (corehi katakammaṃ the job done by the th.),cp.above I.2 a; <i>°kāla</i> “done their time,” deceased,of Petas J.III,164 (pete kālakate); PvA.29,cp.kāla; <i>°cīvara</i> after finishing his robe Vin.I,255,265; <i>°paccuggamana</i> having gone forth to meet J.III,93.<i>°paṇidhāna</i> from the moment of his making an earnest resolve (to become a Buddha) VvA.3; <i>°pariyosita</i> finished,ready,i.e.after the end was made VvA.250; <i>°buddha-kicca</i> after he had done the obligations of a Buddha VvA.165,319; DA.I,2; <i>°maraṇa</i> after dying,i.e.dead PvA.29; <i>°massu-kamma</i> after having his beard done J.V,309 (see note to II.1 b).-- Qualitative:with ethical import,the state resulting out of action,i.e.of such habit,or “like,of such character.” The qualification is either made by <i>kamma</i>,deed,work,or <i>kicca</i>,what can be or ought to be done,or any other specified action,as <i>°pāpa-kamma</i> one who has done wrong DhA.I,360 ( &#38; a°); <i>°karaṇīya</i> one who has done all that could be done,one who is in the state of perfection (an Arahant),in formula arahaṃ khīṇ’āsavo vusitavā ohitabhāro (cp.above I.1 b &#38; arahant II.A) M.I,4,235; It.38; Miln.138; <i>°kicca</i> having performed his obligations,perfected,Ep.of an Arahant,usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with anāsava S.I,47,178; Dh.386; Pv.II,6<sup>15</sup>; Th.2,337,as adj.:kata-kiccāni hi arahato indriyāni Nett 20; <i>°kiccatā</i> the perfection of Arahantship Miln.339.-- With other determinations:<i>--āgasa</i> one who has done evil Sdhp.294.<i>--âdhikāra</i> having exerted oneself,one who strives after the right path J.I,56; Miln.115.<i>--âparādha</i> guilty,a transgressor J.III,42.<i>--âbhinihāra</i> (one) who has formed the resolution (to become a Buddha) J.I,2; DhA.I,135.<i>--âbhinivesa</i> (one) who studies intently,or one who has made a strong determination J.I,110 ( &#38; a°).<i>--ussāha</i> energetic Sdhp.127.<i>--kalyāṇa</i> in passage kata-kalyāno kata-kusalo katabhīruttāṇo akata-pāpo akata-luddho (luddo) [:°thaddho It] akata-kibbiso having done good,of good character,etc.A.II,174=Vin.III,72=It.25=DhsA.383; PvA.174; also Pass.to whom something good has been done J.I,137; III,12; Pv.II,9<sup>9</sup>; akata-kalyāṇa a man of bad actions It.25; Pv.II,7<sup>9</sup>.<i>--kibbisa</i> a guilty person M.I,39; Vin.III,72 (a°),of beings tormented in Purgatory Pv IV.7<sup>7</sup>; PvA.59.<i>--kusala</i> a good man:see °kalyāṇa.<i>--thaddha</i> hard-hearted,unfeeling,cruel:see °kalyāṇa.<i>--nissama</i> untiring,valiant,bold J.V,243.<i>--parappavāda</i> practised in disputing with others DA.I,117.<i>--pāpa</i> an evil-doer It.25; Pv.II,7<sup>9</sup> (+ akata-kalyāṇa); PvA.5; a°:see °kalyāṇa.<i>--puñña</i> one who has done good deeds,a good man D.II,144; Dh.16,18,220; Pv III,5<sup>2</sup>; Miln.129; PvA.5,176; a° one who has not done good (in previous lives) Miln.250; VvA.94.<i>--puññatā</i> the fact of having done good deeds D.III,276 (pubbe in former births); A.II,31; Sn.260,cp.KhA 132,230; J.II,114.<i>--bahukāra</i> having done much favour,obliging Dāvs.IV,39.<i>--bhīruttāṇa</i> one who has offered protection to the fearful:see °kalyāṇa.<i>--bhūmikamma</i> one who has laid the ground-work (of sanctification) Miln.352.<i>--ludda</i> cruel M.III,165; a° gentle Nett 180; cp °kalyāṇa.<i>--vināsaka</i> (one) who has caused ruin J.I,467.<i>--vissāsa</i> trusting,confiding J.I,389.<i>--ssama</i> painstaking,taking trouble Sdhp.277 (and a°).-- (b) medio-passive:The state as result of an action,which affected the person concerned with the action (reflexive or passive),or “possessed of,afflicted or affected with.” In this application it is simply periphrastic for the ordinary Passive.-- Note.In the case of the noun being incapable of functioning as verb (when primary),the object in question is specified by <i>°kamma</i> or <i>°kicca</i>,both of which are then only supplementary to the initial kata°,e.g.kata-massu-kamma “having had the beard (-doing) done,” as diff.fr.secondary nouns (i.e.verb-derivations).e.g.kat-âbhiseka “having had the anointing done.” -- In this application:°citta-kamma decorated,variegated DhA.I,192; °daṇḍa-kamma afflicted with punishment (=daṇḍāyita punished) Vin.I,76; °massu-kamma with trimmed beard,after the beard-trimming J.V,309 (cp.J.III,11 &#38; karana).-- Various combinations:<i>katañjalin</i> with raised hands,as a token of veneration or supplication Sn.1023; Th.2,482; J.I,17=Bu 24,27; PvA.50,141; VvA.78.<i>--attha</i> one who has received benefits J.I,378.<i>--ânuggaha</i> assisted,aided J.II,449; VvA.102.<i>--âbhiseka</i> anointed,consecrated Mhvs 26,6.<i>--ûpakāra</i> assisted,befriended J.I,378; PvA.116.<i>--okāsa</i> one who has been given permission,received into audience,or permitted to speak Vin.I,7; D.II,39,277; Sn.1030,1031 (°âva°); J.V,140; VI,341; Miln.95.<i>--jātihiṅgulika</i> done up,adorned with pure vermilion J.III,303.<i>--nāmadheyya</i> having received a name,called J.V,492.<i>--paṭisanthāra</i> having been received kindly J.VI,160; DhA.I,80.<i>--pariggaha</i> being taken to wife,married to (Instr.) PvA.161 ( &#38; a°).<i>--paritta</i> one on whom a protective spell has been worked,charm-protected Miln.152.<i>--bhaddaka</i> one to whom good has been done PvA.116.<i>--sakkāra</i> honoured,revered J.V,353; Mhvs 9,8 (su°).<i>--saṅgaha</i> one who has taken part in the redaction of the Scriptures Mhvs 5,106.<i>--sannāha</i> clad in armour DhA.I,358.<i>--sikkha</i> (having been) trained Miln.353.-- 2.As 2<sup>nd</sup> pt.of comp<sup>d</sup>:Denoting the performance of the verbal notion with ref.to the object affected by it,i.e.simply a Passive of the verb implied in the determinant,with emphasis of the verb-notion:“made so &#38; so,used as,reduced to” (garukata=garavita).‹-› (a) with nouns (see s.v.) e.g.,anabhāva-kata,kavi°,kāla-vaṇṇa° (reduced to a black colour) Vin.I,48= II.209,tāl’āvatthu°,pamāṇa°,bahuli°,yāni°,saṅkhār’ûpekkhā°,etc.-- (b) with adjectives,e.g.garu°,bahu°.-- (c) with adverbial substitutes,e.g.atta°,para° (paraṃ°),sacchi°,sayaṃ,etc.(Page 181),4,1
  5644. 218924,en,15,kata-kotacika,kāṭa-koṭacikā,Kāṭa-koṭacikā,Kāṭa-koṭacikā,[kāṭa + koṭacikā] a low term of abuse,“pudendum virile &#38; muliebre” Vin.IV,7 (buddhagh IV.354:kātan ti purisa-nimittaṃ); cp.Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,89.(Page 203),13,1
  5645. 218951,en,15,katabba,kātabba,Kātabba,Kātabba,(adj.-n.) (grd.of karoti) that which ought to,can or must be done (see karoti) J.I,264,etc.Also as kattabba PvA.30.(Page 203),7,1
  5646. 219108,en,15,katacchu,kaṭacchu,Kaṭacchu,Kaṭacchu,[cp.on etym.Morris in J.P.T.S.1887,163] a ladle,a spoon; expl<sup>d</sup> by uḷuṅka DhA.IV,75,123; by dabbi PvA.135.Used for butter VvA.68,otherwise for cooked food in general,esp.rice gruel.-- Vin.II,216; J.I,454; III,277.<br><br> --gāha “holding on to one’s spoon,” i.e.disinclination to give food,niggardliness,stinginess DhsA.376,cp.Dhs.trsl.300 n<sup>2</sup>.--gāhika “spoon in hand,” serving with ladles (in the distribution of food at the Mahādāna) PvA.135.--parissāvana a perforated ladle Vin.II,118.--bhikkhā “ladle-begging,” i.e.the food given with a ladle to a bhikkhu when he calls at a house on his begging tour Th.1,934; Miln.9; DhA.IV,123; as representing a small gift to one individual,opposed to the Mahādanā Pv.II,9<sup>57</sup>; as an individual meal contrasted with public feeding (salāka-bhatta) DhA.I,379.--matta (bhatta) “only a spoonful of rice” Miln.8; DhA.IV,75.(Page 176),8,1
  5647. 219139,en,15,katacchuka,kaṭacchuka,Kaṭacchuka,Kaṭacchuka,(adj.) relating to spoons Vin.II,233.(Page 176),10,1
  5648. 219261,en,15,kataha,kaṭāha,Kaṭāha,Kaṭāha,(m.nt.) [Sk.kaṭāha] a pot [in older texts only as --°].-- 1.pot,vessel,vase,receptacle.udaka° Vin.II,122; ghaṭi° Vin.II,115; loha° Vin.II,170.ayo° (in simile “diva-santatte ayokaṭāhe”) M.I,453=A.IV,138; gūtha° Vin.IV,265; tumba° (a gourd used as receptacle for food) vin II.114; alābu° DhsA.405.-- Uncompounded only at Dpvs 92 (°ka); Mhvs 17,47; 18,24.-- 2.anything shaped like a pot,as the skull:sīsa° D.II,297= M.I,58; Miln.197.(Page 176),6,1
  5649. 219292,en,15,kataka,kaṭaka,Kaṭaka,Kaṭaka,(m.nt.) anything circular,a ring,a wheel (thus in kara° Vin.II,122); a bracelet PvA.134.(Page 176),6,1
  5650. 219299,en,15,kataka,kataka,Kataka,Kataka,(nt.) [fr.kantati<sup>2</sup>] a scrubber,used after a bath Vin.II,129,143; cp.Vin.Texts II.318.(Page 182),6,1
  5651. 219341,en,15,katakancukata,kaṭakañcukatā,Kaṭakañcukatā,Kaṭakañcukatā,see kaṭu°.(Page 176),13,1
  5652. 219367,en,15,katakata,kaṭākaṭa,Kaṭākaṭa,Kaṭākaṭa,see kata I.3.(Page 176),8,1
  5653. 219396,en,15,katakatayati,kaṭakaṭāyati,Kaṭakaṭāyati,Kaṭakaṭāyati,=taṭataṭāyati to crush,grind,creak,snap PugA.I.34; VvA.121 (as v.l.); Vism.264.Cp.also karakarā.(Page 176),12,1
  5654. 219465,en,15,katallaka,kaṭallaka,Kaṭallaka,Kaṭallaka,[to kaṭa<sup>1</sup>] a puppet (pagliaccio),a marionette with some contrivance to make it dance J.V,16 (dāru° expl<sup>d</sup> by dārumaya-yanta-rūpaka).(Page 176),9,1
  5655. 219478,en,15,katama,katama,Katama,Katama,(adj.) [cp.Vedic katama,interr.pron.with formation of num.ord.,in function=katara,cp.antama › antara,Lat.dextimus›dexter] which,which one (of two or more) Vin.II,89; M.I,7; J.I,172; Miln.309; PvA.27.In some cases merely emphatic for <i>ko</i>,e.g.Vin.I,30 (katamena maggena āgato?); D.I,197 (katamo so atta-paṭilābho?); J.I,97; Sn.995; Miln.51.-- Instr.<i>katamena</i> (scil.maggena) adv.by which way,how? Miln.57,58.(Page 182),6,1
  5656. 219548,en,15,katana,kaṭana,Kaṭana,Kaṭana,(nt.) [from kaṭa,pp.of karoti] an evil deed A.IV,172 (v.l.=AA 744 kaṭanaṃ vuccati pāpakammaṃ).(Page 176),6,1
  5657. 219552,en,15,katana,katana,Katana,Katana,(nt.) [fr.kata] a bad deed,injuring,doing evil (cp.kaṭana) J.IV,42 (yam me akkhāsi ...katanaṃ kataṃ),cp.Morris in J.P.T.S.1893,15.(Page 182),6,1
  5658. 219611,en,15,katannu,kataññu,Kataññu,Kataññu,(adj.) [cp.Sk.kṛtajña] lit.knowing,i.e.acknowledging what has been done (to one),i.e.grateful often in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>katavedin</i> grateful and mindful of benefits S.II,272; A.I,87=Pug.26; Vv 81<sup>27</sup>; Sdhp.509,524.<i>akataññu</i> 1.ungrateful S.I,225; J.III,26 (=kata-guṇaṃ ajānanto C.),474; IV,124; PvA.116; Bdhd 81.-- 2.(separate akata-ññu) knowing the Uncreated,i.e.knowing Nibbāna Dh.97,383; DhA.II,188; IV,139.-- akataññu-rūpa ( &#38; °sambhava) of ungrateful nature J.IV,98,99.(Page 182),7,1
  5659. 219638,en,15,katannuta,kataññutā,Kataññutā,Kataññutā,(f.) [abstr.fr.last] gratefulness (defined at KhA 144 as katassa jānanatā) Sn.265; J.I,122 (T.°nā,v.l.°tā); III,25; Pv.II,9<sup>7</sup>; VvA.63; Sdhp.497,540.In comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>kataveditā</i> S.II,272; A.I,61; II,226,229.kataññū-kataveditā J.III,492.<i>--akataññutā</i> ungratefulness,in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>akataveditā</i> A.I,61; III,273; J.V,419; as one of the 4 offences deserving of Niraya A.II,226.(Page 182),9,1
  5660. 219860,en,15,katara,katara,Katara,Katara,(adj.) [Vedic katara,interr.pron.with formation of num.ord.,cp.Gr.pόteros,Lat.uter] which one (of a certain number,usually of two) J.I,4; PvA.119.Often only emphatic for <i>ko</i>,e.g.J.I,298 (kataraṃ upaddavaṃ na kareyya),and used uninflected in cpds.,as katara-geha J.III,9; °gandhaṃ J.VI,336; °divasaṃ J.II,251; °nagarato (from what city) DhA.I,390; °nāma (kataraṃnāma,adj.) (of what name) ibid.--<i>katarasmiṃ</i> magge in which way,how? J.IV,110.(Page 182),6,1
  5661. 220011,en,15,katasi,kaṭasī,Kaṭasī,Kaṭasī,(f.) [prob.a contamination of kaṭa + sīva(thikā),charnel-house,under influence of foll.va(ḍḍh°),cp.Sk.kaṭa (?) a corpse] a cemetery; only in phrase kaṭasiṃ vaḍḍheti “to increase the cemetery” referring to dying and being buried repeatedly in the course of numerous rebirths,expl<sup>d</sup> by susāna &#38; āḷāhana ThA.291.--vaḍḍhenti kaṭasiṃ ghoraṃ ādiyanti punabbhavaṃ Vin.II,296=A.II,54=Th.1,456 (where ācinanti (?) for ādiy°),575; Th.2,502.Also in cpds.°vaḍḍhana J.I,146; Ud.72=Nett 174; °vaḍḍhita S.II,178 sq.= Nd<sup>2</sup> 664.(Page 176),6,1
  5662. 220063,en,15,katatta,katatta,Katatta,Katatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.kata,cp.Sk.kṛtatvaṃ] the doing of,performance of,only in Abl.<i>katattā</i> D.II,213; A.I,56; J.III,128; Dhs.431,654; SnA 356; DhA.III,154; IV,142.Used adverbially in meaning of “owing to,on account of” Miln.275; DhsA.262; Mhvs 3,40.<i>--akatattā</i> through non-performance of,in absence or in default of A.I.56; PvA.69,154.(Page 182),7,1
  5663. 220167,en,15,katavedin,katavedin,Katavedin,Katavedin,(adj.) [kata + vedin,see kataññu] mindful,grateful S.I,225; Pug.26; J.I,424; II,26.(Page 182),9,1
  5664. 220172,en,15,katavedita,kataveditā,Kataveditā,Kataveditā,(f.) [abstr.fr.last] gratefulness:see <i>kataññutā</i>.(Page 182),10,1
  5665. 220197,en,15,katavin,katāvin,Katāvin,Katāvin,(adj.-n.) [secondary formation fr.kata] one who has done (what could be done),used like <i>katakicca</i> to denote one who has attained Arahantship S.I,14; Miln.264.(Page 182),7,1
  5666. 220235,en,15,kate,kate,Kate,Kate,(adv.) [Loc.of kata] for the sake of,on behalf of; with Acc.maṃ k.J.IV,14; with Gen.maṃsassa k.J.V,500.(Page 183),4,1
  5667. 220242,en,15,kateruha,kaṭeruha,Kaṭeruha,Kaṭeruha,a flowering plant J.VI,537 (=pupphagaccha).Cp.kaseruka.(Page 177),8,1
  5668. 220247,en,15,katerukkha,kaṭerukkha,Kaṭerukkha,Kaṭerukkha,a kind of creeper J.VI,536 (perhaps read as next).(Page 177),10,1
  5669. 220260,en,15,katha,kathā,Kathā,Kathā,(f.) [fr.<em>kath</em> to tell or talk,see katheti; nearest synonym is <i>lap</i>,cp.vāc’âbhilāpa &#38; sallāpa] 1.talk,talking,conversation A.I,130; PvA.39.So in <i>antarā°</i> D.I,179; Sn.p.107,115; cp.sallāpa.Also in <i>tiracchāna°</i> low,common speech,comprising 28 kinds of conversational talk a bhikkhu should not indulge in,enum<sup>d</sup> in full at D.I,7=178=III,36 &#38; passim (e.g.S.V,419:corr.suddha° to yuddha°!; A.V,128=Nd<sup>2</sup> 192); ref.to at A.III,256; V,185; J.I,58; Pug.35.Similarly in <i>gāma°</i> Sn.922; <i>viggāhikā</i> k.A.IV,87; Sn.930.Ten good themes of conversation (kathā-vatthūni) are enum<sup>d</sup> at M.III,113=A.III,117=IV.357=V.67; Miln.344; similarly <i>dhammī kathā</i> A.II,51; IV,307; V,192; Sn.325; <i>pavattanī</i> k.A.I,151; yutta kathāyaṃ Sn.826; <i>sammodanīyā</i> k.in salutation formula s°ṃ k°ṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā D.I,52,108,etc.; A.V,185; Sn.419,pp.86,93,107,116.-- 2.speech,sermon,discourse,lecture Vin.I,203,290 (°ṃ karoti to discuss); A.III,174; IV,358.Freq.in <i>anupubbi°</i> a sermon in regular succession,graduated sermon,discussing the 4 points of the ladder of “holiness,” viz.dānakathā,sīla°,sagga°,magga° (see anupubba) Vin.I,15; A.III,184; IV,186,209,213; DhA.I,6; VvA.66.-- 3.a (longer) story,often with <i>vitthāra°</i> an account in detail,e.g.PvA.19.<i>bāhira°</i> profane story KhA 48.-- 4.word,words,advice:<i>°ṃ gaṇhāti</i> to accept an advice J.II,173; III,424.-- 5.explanation,exposition,in <i>aṭṭha°</i> (q.v.),cp.gati° Ps.II,72.-- 6.discussion,in <i>°vatthu</i> (see below) Mhvs 5,138.<i>--dukkathā</i> harmful conversation or idle talk A.III,181; opp.<i>su°</i> A.III,182.<i>--kathaṃ vaḍḍheti</i> “to increase the talk,” to dispute sharply J.I,404; V,412.<i>°ṃ samuṭṭhāpeti</i> to start a conversation J.I,119; IV,73.-- At the end of cpds.(as adj.) <i>°kathā</i> e.g.chinna° Sn.711; ṭhita° DA.I,73; madhura° J.III,342; VI,255.<br><br> <i>--âbhiññāṇa</i> recollection due to speech Miln.78,79.<i>--ojja</i> (k°-udya,to <i>vad</i>) a dispute,quarrel Sn.825,828.<i>--dhamma</i> a topic of conversation DA.I,43.<i>--nigghosa</i> the sound of praise,flattery J.II,350.<i>--pavatti</i> the course of a conversation J.I,119; DhA.I,249; Mhbv 61.<i>--pābhata</i> subject of a conversation,story J.I,252,364.<i>--bāhulla</i> abundance of talk,loquacity A.IV,87.<i>--magga</i> narrative,account,history J.I,2.<i>--rasa</i> the sweetness of (this) speech Miln.345.<i>--vatthu</i> 1.subject of a discourse or discussion,argument M.I,372; II,127,132.There are 10 enum<sup>d</sup> at A.IV,352,357 (see kathā) and at Vism.19 as qualities of a kalyāṇa-mitta,referred to at A.V,67,129; Vism.127; DhA.IV,30.Three are given at D.III,220=A.I,197.°kusala well up in the subjects of discussion VvA.354.-- 2.N.of the fifth book of the Abhidhamma Piṭaka,the seven constituents of which are enum<sup>d</sup> at var.places (e.g.DA.I,17; Mhbv 94,where Kvu takes the 3<sup>rd</sup> place),see also J.P.T.S.1882,1888,1896.<i>--samuṭṭhāna</i> the arising of a discussion Mhvs 5,138.<i>--samuṭṭhāpana</i> starting a conversation J.I,119; III,278; DhA.I,250.<i>--sampayoga</i> conversational intercourse A.I,197.<i>--sallāpa</i> talk,conversation Vin.I,77; D.I,89 sq.,107 sq.; II,150; M.I,178; A.II,197; V,188; Ud.40; J.II,283; Miln.31; DA.I,276 (expl<sup>d</sup> as kathanapaṭikathana); DhA.II,91 (°ṃ karoti) VvA.153.(Page 184),5,1
  5670. 220316,en,15,kathala,kaṭhala,Kaṭhala,Kaṭhala,[Sk.kaṭhara (°la,°lla,°lya:all found in Av.S and Divy),to kṛṇāti; cp.khāṭi] gravel,pebble,potsherd J.III,225; V,417; VvA.157; comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>sakkhara</i> at D.I,84=A.I,9,and in simile at A.I,253.As f.comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>kaṭṭha</i> at A.I,124=Pug.30,36; A.III,6; as m.in same comb<sup>n</sup> at Vism.261.(Page 178),7,1
  5671. 220323,en,15,kathala,kathala,Kathala,Kathala,(potsherd) spelling at Vism.261 for <i>kaṭhala</i>.(Page 184),7,1
  5672. 220329,en,15,kathalaka,kaṭhalaka,Kaṭhalaka,Kaṭhalaka,gravel,potsherd J.III,227; Miln.34.(Page 178),9,1
  5673. 220336,en,15,kathali,kathali,Kathali,Kathali,(metri causâ)=next,in the Uddāna at Vin.II,234 (Page 184),7,1
  5674. 220345,en,15,kathalika,kathalika,Kathalika,Kathalika,(nt.) [der.uncertain],always in comb<sup>n</sup> pād’odaka pāda-pīṭha pāda-k°:either a cloth to wipe the feet with after washing them,or a footstool Vin.I,9,47; II,22 sq.,210,216.At VvA.8 however with pāda-pīṭha expl<sup>d</sup> as a footstool (pāda-ṭhāpana-yoggaṃ dārukhaṇḍaṃ āsanaṃ).Bdhgh (on CV II.1.1) expl<sup>d</sup> pādapīṭha as a stool to put the washed foot on,pāda-<i>kathalika</i> as a stool to put the unwashed foot on,or a cloth to rub the feet with (ghaṃsana).<br><br> the meaning “bowl” seems to be preferable to Bdhgh’s forced interpretation as “towel.” (Page 184),9,1
  5675. 220348,en,15,kathalika,kathālikā,Kathālikā,Kathālikā,(f.) [fr.<i>kuth</i>,to boil] kettle,cooking pot; in daṇḍa° (a pot with a handle) Vin.I,286 (v.l.kathālaka),and meda° A iv.377; DhA.II,179.(Page 184),9,1
  5676. 220358,en,15,katham,kathaṃ,Kathaṃ,Kathaṃ,(adv.) [cp.Vedic kathaṃ &#38; kathā] dubit.interr.part.1.how; with ind.pres.PvA.6 (k.puriso paṭilabhati),or with fut. &#38; cond.J.I,222; II,159 (k.tattha gamissāmi); VI,500; PvA.54 (na dassāmi) -- 2.why,for what reason? J.III,81; V,506.Combined with <i>--ca</i> Vin.I,114; II,83.<i>--carahi</i> D.II,192.<i>--nu </i>&<i> --nu kho</i> Vin.II,26,J.III,99; IV,339; Nd<sup>2</sup> 189,see also evaṃ nu kho.<i>--pana</i> D.II,163.<i>--su</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 189.<i>--hi</i> J.IV,339; DhA.I,432.<i>--hi nāma</i> Vin.I,45; II,105; III,137; IV,300; all in the same meaning; <i>--ci</i> (kathañci) scarcely,with difficulty Th.1,456.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> “saying how? how?” i.e.doubt,uncertainty,unsettled mind (cp.kaṅkhā); expl.as vicikicchā dukkhe kaṅkhā Nd<sup>2</sup> 190; D.II,282; Sn.500,866,1063,1088; DhA.IV,194; as adj.and at end of cpd.<i>°-katha</i>,e.g.vigata° (in phrase tiṇṇa-vicikiccha ...vesārajjappatta) D.I,110=Vin.I,12; tiṇṇa° (+ visalla) Sn.17,86,367.k-k-salla “the arrow of doubt” D.II,283 (vicikicchā +).<i>--kathin</i> having doubts,unsettled,uncertain D.II,287; M.I,8; Nd<sup>2</sup> 191; DhsA.352; <i>a°</i> free from doubt,Ep.of Arahant (expl<sup>d</sup> DA.I,211:“not saying how and how is this?”); M.I,108; It.49; Sn.534,635,868,1064; in phrases tiṇṇa-vicikiccho viharati akathaṅkathī kusalesu dhammesu D.I,71=Pug.59,jhāyī anejo a° Dh.414 (:DhA.IV,194)=Sn.638.<i>--kara</i> (adj.) how acting,what doing? k.ahaṃ no nirayam pateyyaṃ (“ti/ poiώn makaρios e)ζomai”) J.IV,339; Sn.376; J.IV,75; V,148.<i>--jīvin</i> leading what kind of life? Sn.181.<i>--dassin</i> holding what views? Sn.848 (see °sīla).<i>--pakāra</i> of what kind Vin.I,358; Sn.241 (:kathappakāra).<i>--paṭipanna</i> going what way,i.e.how acting? D.II,277,279,281.<i>--bhāvita</i> how cultivated or practised? S.V,119.<i>--bhūta</i> “how being,” of what sort,what like D.II,139,158; <i>--rūpa</i> of what kind? M.I,218; A.I,249; III,35; J.III,525.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> of what appearance,what like? D.II,244.<i>--vidha</i> what sort of? J.V,95,146; DhsA.305.<i>--sameta</i> how constituted? Sn.873.<i>--sīla</i> of what character or conduct? how in his morality? Sn.848 (kathaṃdassī kathaṃsīlo upasanto ti vuccati).(Page 183),6,1
  5677. 220448,en,15,kathana,kathana,Kathana,Kathana,(nt.) [fr.<i>kath</i>,see katheti] 1.conversing,talking J.I,299; III,459; VI,340.-- 2.telling i.e.answering,solving (a question) J.V,66 (pañha°).-3.preaching DhA.I,7.-- 4.reciting,narrating KAcc.130.Cp.kathita.--<i>akathana</i> not talking or telling J.I,420; VI,424; not speaking fr.anger J.IV,108; DhA.I,440.<br><br> <i>--ākāra</i>,in °ṃ karoti to enter into conversation with J.VI,413.<i>--samattha</i> able to speak (of the tongue) J.III,459; able to talk or converse with (saddhiṃ) J.VI,340.<i>--sīla</i> (one) in the habit of talking,garrulous J.I,299; a° J.I,420.(Page 184),7,1
  5678. 220549,en,15,kathapeti,kathāpeti,Kathāpeti,Kathāpeti,Caus.II.of <i>katheti</i> (q.v.).(Page 184),9,1
  5679. 220605,en,15,kathati,kaṭhati,Kaṭhati,Kaṭhati,[Sk.kvathati; cp.Goth.hvapo scum,hvapjan to seethe.The Dhātumañjūsā (no.132,ed.Andersen &#38; Smith) comments on <em>kaṭh</em> with “sosāna-pākesu.” See also kuthati] 1.to boil,to stew Bdhgh on Vin.I,205,see Vin.Texts II.57 n<sup>1</sup>,where pp.is given as <i>kuthita</i>.Similarly Th.2,504 (cp.Sisters 174 n<sup>4</sup>,but cp.Mil.trs.II.271 “distressed”; E.Müller,J.R.A.S.1910,539).-- 2.to be scorched,pp.<i>kaṭhita</i> (=hot) Miln.323,325,357,397.-- The pp.occurs as °kaṭṭhita &#38; °kuṭṭhita in cpds uk° pa° (q.v.).See also kuṭṭhita.(Page 178),7,1
  5680. 220704,en,15,katheti,katheti,Katheti,Katheti,(v.den.fr.kathā,cp.Sk.kathayate] aor.kathesi,inf.kathetuṃ &#38; kathetave (Vin.I,359); Pass.kathīyati &#38; katheti (Miln.22,cp.Trenckner,Notes 122); ppr.Pass.kathīyamāna &#38; kacchamāna (A.III,181); grd.kathetabba,kathanīya &#38; kaccha,-- 1.to speak,say,tell,relate (in detail:vitthārato PvA.77).mā kathesi (=mā bhaṇi) do not speak PvA.16.-- to tell (a story):J.I.2; IV,137; PvA.12,13.-- 2.to converse with J.VI,413; PvA.86 (=āmantayi).-- 3.to report,to inform J.V,460.-- 4.to recite DhA.I,166.-- 5.to expound,explain,preach J.I,30; Miln.131; DhA.I,88; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.-- 6.to speak about (with Acc.) Vin.II,168.-- 7.to refer to J.I,307.-- 8.to answer or solve (a question) J.I,165; V,66.-- Caus II.<i>kathāpeti</i> to make say Mhvs 24,4 (aor.kathāpayi); DhA.II,35; KhA 118.(Page 184),7,1
  5681. 220742,en,15,kathika,kathika,Kathika,Kathika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.kathā,cp.Sk.kathaka] relating,speaking,conversing about,expounding,in cpds.<i>citta°</i> Th.2,449 (cp.citra-kathin); (a) <i>tiracchāna°</i> A.IV,153; <i>dhamma°</i> J.I,148; III,342; IV,2 (°thera); VI,255 (mahā°); as noun a preacher,speaker,expounder A.III,174; Mhvs 14,64 (mahā°).(Page 184),7,1
  5682. 220746,en,15,kathika,kathikā,Kathikā,Kathikā,(f.) [fr.last?] agreement Dpvs 19,22; see <i>katikā</i>.(Page 184),7,1
  5683. 220756,en,15,kathin,kathin,Kathin,Kathin,(adj.) (-°) [cp.<i>kathika</i>] speaking; one who speaks,a speaker,preacher J.I,148 (dhamma-kathikesu citrakathī); Miln.90,348 (°seṭṭha best of speakers).See also kathaṃ-kathin.(Page 184),6,1
  5684. 220765,en,15,kathina,kaṭhina,Kaṭhina,Kaṭhina,(adj.-n.) [Sk.kaṭhina &#38; kaṭhora with dial.ṭh for rth; cp.Gr.kratuζ,kraterόs strong,krάtos strength; Goth.hardus=Ags.heard=E.hard.Cp.also Sk.kṛtsna=P.kasiṇa].1.(adj.) hard,firm,stiff.Cp.II.2; Dhs.44,45 (where also der.f.abstr.akaṭhinatā absence of rigidity,comb<sup>d</sup> with akakkhalatā,cp.DhsA.151 akaṭhina-bhāva); PvA.152 (°dāṭha).-- (fig.) hard,harsh,cruel J.I,295=V.448 (=thaddha-hadaya); adv.<i>°ṃ</i> fiercely,violently Miln.273,274.-2.(nt.) the cotton cloth which was annually supplied by the laity to the bhikkhus for the purpose of making robes Vin.I,253 sq.; also a wooden frame used by the bh.in sewing their robes Vin.II.115--117.-- On the k.robe see Vin.I.298 sq.; III,196 sq.,203 sq.,261 sq.; IV,74,100,245 sq.,286 sq.; V,15,88,119,172 sq.; 218.Cp.Vin.Texts I.18; II,148; III,92.<br><br> <i>--attharaṇa</i> the dedication of the k.cloth Vin.I,266; see next.<i>--atthāra</i> the spreading out,i.e.dedication of the k.cloth by the people to the community of bhikkhus.On rules concerning this distribution and description of the ceremony see Vin.I,254 sq.; Bu IX.7; cp.Vin.V,128 sq.,205 <i>--uddhāra</i> the withdrawal or suspension of the five privileges accorded to a bhikkhu at the k.ceremony Vin.I,255,259; III,262; IV,287,288; V,177--179,cp.next &#38; Vin.Texts II.157,234,235.<i>--ubbhāra</i>=°uddhāra,in kaṭhinassa ubbhārāya “for the suspension of the k.privileges” Vin.I,255.<i>--khandhaka</i> the chapter or section treating of k.,the 7th of the Mahāvagga of the Vinaya Vin.II,253--267.<i>--cīvara</i> a k.robe made of k.cloth Bu IX.7.<i>--dussa</i> the k.cloth Vin.I,254.<i>--maṇḍapa</i> a shed in which the bhikkhus stitched their k.cloth into robes Vin.II,117.<i>--rajju</i> string used to fix the k.cloth on to the frame Vin.II,116.<i>--sālā</i>=°maṇḍapa Vin.II,116.(Page 178),7,1
  5685. 220818,en,15,kathinaka,kaṭhinaka,Kaṭhinaka,Kaṭhinaka,(adj.) referring to the kaṭhina cloth Vin.V,61,114.(Page 178),9,1
  5686. 220948,en,15,kathita,kathita,Kathita,Kathita,[pp.of katheti,cp.Sk.kathita] said,spoken,related J.II,310; IV,73; V,493.<i>su°</i> well said or told J.IV.73.As nt.with Instr.J.IV,72 (tena kathitaṃ the discourse (given) by him).(Page 184),7,1
  5687. 221069,en,15,kati,kaṭi,Kaṭi,Kaṭi,[Sk.kaṭi,*(s)qǔel; orig.bending,curvature,cp.Gr.skέlos hip,Lat.scelus crooked deed,Ger.scheel squint] hip,waist Vin.III,22,112; Nd<sup>2</sup> 659; J.IV,32; Miln.418.In cpds.also kaṭa (q.v.). <i>--thālaka</i> a cert.bone on the small of the back J.VI,509.<i>--padesa</i> the buttocks J.III,37.<i>--pamāṇa</i> (adj.) as far as the waist J.VI,593.<i>--pariyosāna</i> the end of the hips,the bottom J.II,275.<i>--puthulaka</i> (adj.) with broad hips,having beautiful hips J.V,303 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of soṇī puthulā).<i>--bhāga</i> the waist J.III,373.<i>--bhāra</i> a burden carried on the hip (also a way of carrying children) Vin.II,137; III,49.<i>--sandhi</i> the joint of the hip Miln.418,Vism.185.<i>--samohita</i> (adj.) fastened or clinging to the waist J.V,206.<i>--sutta</i> a belt,girdle (as ornament) PvA.134.<i>--suttaka</i> a string or cord around the waist to fasten the loin-cloth Vin.II,271; also an ornamental waist-band,girdle Vin.II,107 (see Vin.Texts III,69,142,348).(Page 176),4,1
  5688. 221081,en,15,kati,kati,Kati,Kati,(indecl.) [interr.pron.; used like Lat.quot.Already Vedic.] how many? Vin.I,83 (k.sikkhāpadāni),155; S.I,3 (°saṅgâtiga having overcome how many attachments? ),70; Sn.83,960,1018; Ps.II,72; Miln.78; DhA.I,7,188; PvA.74.(Page 182),4,1
  5689. 221118,en,15,katika,katikā,Katikā,Katikā,(f.) [to katheti or karoti?] 1.agreement,contract,pact Vin.I,153 (T.<i>kātikā</i>),309; J.VI,71; Miln.171,360.-- 2.talking,conversation,talk (adhammikā k.,cp.kathikā &#38; kathā) J.II,449.--<i>katikaṃ karoti</i> to make an arrangement or agreement Vin.III,104,220,230; J.I.81; IV,267; DhA.I,91; VvA.46.In cpds.<i>katika°</i>,e.g.<i>°vatta</i> observance of an agreement,°ṃ karoti to be faithful to a pact Dh.I,8; °ṃ bhindati to break an agreement J.VI,541; <i>°saṇṭhāna</i> the entering of an agreement Vin.II,76,208:III,160.(Page 182),6,1
  5690. 221148,en,15,katima,katima,Katima,Katima,[num.ord.fr.kati],f.<i>katimī</i> in k.pakkhassa which (of many other) day of the half-month Vin.I,117.(Page 183),6,1
  5691. 221179,en,15,katipahan,katipāhan,Katipāhan,Katipāhan,(adv.) [katipaya + ahan,contracted,see aha<sup>2</sup>] (for) a few days Vin.III,14; J.I,152,298,466; II,38; III,48; IV,147; Mhvs 7,38; PvA.145,161; VvA.222.<i>katipāhena</i> (Instr.) within a few days Mhvs 17,41; DhA.I,344; PvA.13,161.katipāh’accayena after (the lapse of) a few days J.I,245; DhA.I,175; PvA.47.(Page 183),9,1
  5692. 221197,en,15,katipaya,katipaya,Katipaya,Katipaya,(adj.) [cp.Sk.katipaya] some,several; a few (in cpds.or in pl.) J.I,230,487; III,280,419; IV,125; V,162; Pv.II,9<sup>20</sup> (=appake only a few); DhA.I,94 (very few); PvA.46.In sg.little,insignificant Vv 53<sup>20</sup> (=appikā f.).<i>°vāre</i> a few times,a few turns J.V,132; VI,52; PvA.135; Mhbv 3.(Page 182),8,1
  5693. 221324,en,15,kativassa,kativassa,Kativassa,Kativassa,(adj.) [kati + vassa] 1.(having) how many years,how old? J.V,331.-- 2.(having had) how many rainy seasons (in the bhikkhu’s career) of how many years’seniority? Vin.I,86; Ud.59; Miln.28; DhA.I,37.(Page 183),9,1
  5694. 221333,en,15,katividha,katividha,Katividha,Katividha,(adj.) [kati + vidha,for Vedic katidhā] of how many kinds Vism.84.(Page 183),9,1
  5695. 221360,en,15,katta,katta,Katta,Katta,[pp.of kantati<sup>2</sup>; cp.Sk.kṛtta] is represented in Pali by kanta<sup>2</sup>; katta being found only in cpd.pari°.(Page 183),5,1
  5696. 221373,en,15,kattabba,kattabba,Kattabba,Kattabba,(adj.) [grd.of karoti] 1.to be done,to be made or performed; that which might or could be done Dh.53; J.I,77,267; V,362.-- 2.(nt.) that which is to be done,obligation,duty Th.1,330; J.II,154; V,402; DhA.I,211.--<i>akattabba</i> (adj.) not to be done J.III,131; V,147; (nt.) that which ought not to be done J.V,402.<i>kattabb’âkattabba</i> to be done and not to be done J.I,387.<i>kattabba-yuttaka</i> 1.(adj.) fit or proper to be done DhA.I,13.-- 2.(nt.) duty,obligation J.III,9; VI,164; DhA.I,180; (the last) duties towards the deceased J.I,431.-- Cp.<i>kātabba</i>.(Page 183),8,1
  5697. 221395,en,15,kattabbaka,kattabbaka,Kattabbaka,Kattabbaka,(nt.) [fr.last] task,duty Th.1,330.(Page 183),10,1
  5698. 221459,en,15,kattabbata,kattabbatā,Kattabbatā,Kattabbatā,(f.) [fr.kattabba] fitness,duty,that which is to be done J.II,179 (iti-°āya because I had to do it thus).(Page 183),10,1
  5699. 221490,en,15,kattar,kattar,Kattar,Kattar,[n.ag.fr.karoti,cp.Sk.kartṛ] one who makes or creates,a maker,doer; in foll.construction.I.Dependent.Either in verb-function with Acc.,as n.agent to all phrases with <i>karoti</i> e.g.pañhaṃ karoti to put a question,pañhaṃ kattā one who puts a question; or in n.function with Gen.,e.g.mantānaṃ kattāro the authors of the Mantas,or in cpd.rāja-kattāro makers of kings.-- II.Dependent.as n.<i>kattā</i> the doer:kattā hoti no bhāsitā he is a man of action,and not of words.-- 1.(indef.) one who does anything (with Acc.) A.I,103; II,67; V,347,350 sq.; (with Gen.) J.I,378; III,136 (one who does evil,in same meaning at III,26,C.akataññū,cp.J.P.T.S.1893,15:not to <i>kṛt!</i>); IV,98 (expl<sup>d</sup> as kata by C); V,258; Miln.25,296; Bdhd 85 sq.-- 2.an author,maker,creator D.I,18 (of Brahmā:issaro,k.,nimmātā),104 (mantānaṃ); A.II,102; Dh.I,111.-- 3.an officer of a king,the king’s messenger J.V,220 (=225); VI,259,268,302,313,492.Note.At J.V,225 &#38; VI,302 the Voc.is katte (of a-decl.),cp.also Nom.°katta for °kattā in salla-katta.-- 4.as t.t.g.N.of the Instr.case VvA.97; Kacc 136,143,277.(Page 183),6,1
  5700. 221495,en,15,kattara,kattara,Kattara,Kattara,(adj.) (only°-) [cp.Sk.kṛtvan (?),in diff.meaning] <i>°daṇḍa</i> a walking-stick or staff (of an ascetic) Vin.I,188; II,76=208 sq.; III,160; J.I,9; V,132; VI,52,56,520; Vism.91,125,181.<i>°yaṭṭhi</i>=prec.J.II,441; DA.I,207; III,140.<i>°ratha</i> an old (?) chariot J.III,299.<i>°suppa</i> a winnowing basket Vin.I,269=DhA.I,174 (°e pakkhipitvā saṅkāra-kūṭe chaḍḍehi).(Page 183),7,1
  5701. 221541,en,15,kattari,kattari,Kattari,Kattari, &#38; °ī (f.) [to kantati<sup>2</sup>] scissors,shears J.III,298,with ref.to the “shears” of a crab,“as with scissors”:cp.Vin.Texts III,138 (see next).(Page 183),7,1
  5702. 221552,en,15,kattarika,kattarikā,Kattarikā,Kattarikā,(f.) [fr.last] scissors,or a knife Vin.II,134; J.I.223.(Page 183),9,1
  5703. 221571,en,15,kattha,kaṭṭha,Kaṭṭha,Kaṭṭha,<sup>3</sup> (nt.) [Brh.kāṣṭha,cp.Ohg.holz] 1.a piece of wood,esp.a stick used as fuel,chips,firewood S.I,168=Sn.462; M.I,234 (+ kaṭhala); PvA.256 (+ tiṇa).In phrase “sattussada sa-tiṇa-kaṭṭh’odaka sa-dhañña” (densely populated with good supply of grass,firewood,water,and corn) in ster.description of a prosperous place (cp.Xenophon’s poλis oi)koumέnh eu)dai/mwn kai megaλh) D.I,87,111,etc.Both sg.(coll.) &#38; pl.as “sticks” D.II,341,esp.in phrase <i>kaṭṭhaṃ phāleti</i> to chop sticks Vin.I,31; Sn.p.104; J.II,144; Pv.II,9<sup>51</sup> (=PvA.135),or k°ṃ <i>pāteti</i> (phāṭeti=phāleti? See pāteti) M.I,21.Frequent also in similes:M.I,241= II.93=III,95 (alla k.); M.III,242=S.II,97=IV.215= V.212 (dve k.); A.III,6 (+ kaṭhala); IV,72 (+ tiṇa); I,124=Pug.30,36 (+ kaṭhala).-- 2.a piece of stick used for building huts (wattle and daub) M.I,190.‹-› 3.a stick,in <i>avalekhana°</i> (for scraping) Vin.II,141,221,and in <i>danta°</i> a tooth-pick VvA.63,etc.(see danta).-- 4.(adj.) in cpds.=of wood,wooden.<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> wood-fire,natural fire A.IV,41,45,enumerated last among the 7 fires.<i>--atthaṃ</i> for the purpose of fuel,in phrase k.pharati to serve as fuel A.II,95=S.III,93= It.90=J.I,482.<i>--atthara</i> a mat made of twigs (cp.kaṭasāra) J.V,197,also as <i>--attharika</i> ( &#38; °kā) J.VI,21; DhA.I,135; f.at J.I,9; IV,329; VI,57.<i>--kaliṅgara</i> chips and chaff DhA.III,122 (cp.k-khaṇḍa).<i>--khaṇḍa</i> a piece of wood,splinter,chip,suggesting something useless,trifling DhA.I,321 (as expl<sup>n</sup> of niratthaṃ va kalingaraṃ); ThA.284 (as expl<sup>n</sup> of chuṭṭho kalingaraṃ viya).<i>--tāla</i> a wooden key Vin.II,148 (cp.Vin.Texts III,162).<i>--tāḷa</i> a w.gong DhsA.319.<i>--tumba</i> a w.vessel Vin.I,205.<i>--pādukā</i> a wooden shoe,clog Vin.I,188.<i>--puñja</i> a heap of w.A.IV,72; J.II,327.<i>--phālaka</i> wood-cutter Vism.413.<i>--bhatin</i> a wood-cutter Dpvs 20,28,where given as a nickname of King Tissa.<i>--mañcaka</i> a wooden bed Miln.366.<i>--maya</i> wooden Vin.I,203; J.I,289= V.435.<i>--rūpa</i> ( &#38; °ka) a w.figure,doll J.I,287.<i>--vāha</i> a cartload of fire-wood S.II,84.<i>--vāhana</i> riding on a faggot J.I,136.<i>--vipalāvita</i> drifting wood J.I,326.<i>--hatthin</i> a w.elephant,built by order of King Caṇḍapajjota to decoy King Udena (cp.the horse of Troy) DhA.I,193.<i>--hāraka</i> (f.°ikā) gathering fire-wood,an occupation of poor people M.I,79; S.I,180; J.I,134; II,412; IV,148; V,417; Miln.331; Vism.120; VvA.173.<i>--hārin</i>=°hāraka Vin.III,41; J.I,133 (title of J no.7.referred to at DhA.I,349).(Page 177),6,1
  5704. 221572,en,15,kattha,kaṭṭha,Kaṭṭha,Kaṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk.kaṣṭa] bad,useless:see kaṭṭhaka<sup>2</sup>.Only in cpds.; perhaps also in pakaṭṭhaka.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> pithless,sapless,of no value (of trees) J.II,163= DhA.I,144.<i>--mukha</i> “with the injurious mouth,” a kind of snake DhsA.300.(Page 177),6,1
  5705. 221573,en,15,kattha,kaṭṭha,Kaṭṭha,Kaṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.kṛṣṭa,pp.of kasati,cp.kiṭṭha] ploughed,tilled Sn.80; Miln.255; PvA.45,62.a° untilled,unprepared Anvs 27.su° well-ploughed A.I,229; Miln.255.(Page 177),6,1
  5706. 221589,en,15,kattha,kattha,Kattha,Kattha,(adv.) [der.fr.interr.base <i>ka°</i> (kad<sup>2</sup>),whereas Sk.kutra is der.fr.base <i>ku°</i>,cp.kuttha] where? where to,whither? Vin.I,83,107; II,76; D.I,223; Sn.487,1036; J.III,76; Pv.II,9<sup>16</sup>; DhA.I,3.--k.nu kho where then,where I wonder? D.I,215 sq.,PvA.22 (with Pot.) <i>--katthaci(d)</i> (indef.) anywhere,at some place or other J.I,137; V,468; wherever,in whatever place Miln.366; PvA.284; KhA 247; J.III,229; IV,9,45; as <i>katthacid eva</i> J.IV.92; PvA.173.Sometimes doubled <i>katthaci katthaci</i> in whatsoever place J.IV,341.--<i>na k</i>.nowhere M.I.424; Miln.77; VvA.14.<br><br> <i>--ṭhita</i> fig.in what condition or state? D.II,241 (corresp.with ettha); J.IV,110.<i>--vāsa</i> in what residence? Sn.412.<i>--vāsika</i> residing where? J.II,128,273.(Page 183),6,1
  5707. 221646,en,15,katthaka,kaṭṭhaka,Kaṭṭhaka,Kaṭṭhaka,<sup>2</sup> (m.pl.) [to kaṭṭha<sup>2</sup>] a kind of fairy D.II,261 (Page 177),8,1
  5708. 221647,en,15,katthaka,kaṭṭhaka,Kaṭṭhaka,Kaṭṭhaka,<sup>1</sup> (m.nt.) [to kaṭṭha<sup>3</sup>] a kind of reed Dh.164; DhA.III,156 (=velu-saṅkhāta-kaṭṭha).(Page 177),8,1
  5709. 221772,en,15,katthati,katthati,Katthati,Katthati,[cp.Sk.katthate,etym.unexpl<sup>d</sup>] to boast Sn.783 (ppr.med.akatthamāna).Cp.pavikatthita.(Page 183),8,1
  5710. 221829,en,15,katthin,katthin,Katthin,Katthin,(adj.) [fr.<em>katth</em>] boasting A.V,157 (+ vikatthin).(Page 183),7,1
  5711. 221835,en,15,katthissa,kaṭṭhissa,Kaṭṭhissa,Kaṭṭhissa,(nt.) [Sk.?] a silken coverlet embroidered with gems D.I,7=Vin.I,192=II.163; DA.I,87=AA 445.(Page 178),9,1
  5712. 221843,en,15,katthitar,katthitar,Katthitar,Katthitar,(n.ag.fr.katthati] a boaster Sn.930.(Page 183),9,1
  5713. 221848,en,15,katthu,katthu,Katthu,Katthu,(?) a jackal,in <i>°soṇā</i> j. &#38; dogs J.VI,538 (for koṭṭhu°).(Page 183),6,1
  5714. 221872,en,15,kattika,kattikā,Kattikā,Kattikā,(f.) ( &#38; <i>°kattika</i>) [cp.Sk.kṛttikā f.pl.the Pleiades &#38; BSk.karthika] N.of a month (Oct.-Nov.),during which the full moon is near the constellation of Pleiades.It is the last month of the rainy season,terminating on the full moon day of Kattikā (kattika-puṇṇamā).This season is divided into 5 months:Āsāḷha,Sāvaṇa,Bhaddara (Poṭṭhapāda),Assayuja,Kattikā; the month Assayuja is also called <i>pubba-kattikā</i>,whereas the fifth,K.,is also known as <i>pacchima-kattikā;</i> both are comprised in the term <i>k</i>.<i>-dvemāsika</i>.Bhikkhus retiring for the first 3 months of the Vassa (rainy season) are <i>kattika-temāsikā</i>,if they include the 4th,they are <i>k</i>.<i>-cātumāsikā</i>.The full moon of Assayuja is termed <i>k</i>.<i>-temāsinī;</i> that of Kattika is <i>k</i>.<i>-cātumāsinī</i>.See Vinaya passages &#38; cp.nakkhatta.-- Nett 143 (kattiko,v.l.kattikā).<br><br> <i>--cātumāsinī</i> see above Vin.III,263.<i>--coraka</i> a thief who in the month of K.,after the distribution of robes,attacks bhikkhus Vin.III,262.<i>--chaṇa</i> a festival held at the end of Lent on the full moon of pubba-kattikā,and coinciding with the Pavāraṇā J.I,433; II,372; V,212 sq.; Mhvs 17,17.<i>--temāsi</i> (-puṇṇamā) (the full moon) of pubbakattikā Vin.III,261; Mhvs 17,1 (°puṇṇamāsī).<i>--māsa</i> the month K.J.II,372; Mhvs 12,2 (kattike māse).<i>--sukkapakkha</i> the bright fortnight of K.Mhvs 17,64.(Page 183),7,1
  5715. 221946,en,15,kattu°,kattu°,Kattu°,Kattu°,1.base of inf.<i>kattuṃ</i> (of karoti),in compd<sup>s</sup> <i>°kamyatā</i> willingness to do something Vbh.208; Vism.320,385; DhA.III,289; <i>°kāma</i> desirous to do Vin.II,226.<i>°kāmatā</i> desire to do or to perform Vism.466; VvA.43.-- 2.base of <i>kattar</i> in comp<sup>n</sup>.(Page 183),6,1
  5716. 222075,en,15,katuka,kaṭuka,Kaṭuka,Kaṭuka,(adj.) [Sk.kaṭu(ka),from <i>*(s)qǔer</i> to cut; cp.Sk.kṛṇoti (kṛṇtati),Lat.caro “cutlet.” -- k.is almost exclusively poetical; usually expl<sup>d</sup> in prose by aniṭṭha,tikhiṇa,ghora (of niraya); often comb<sup>d</sup> with khara,opp.madhura,e.g.PvA.119] sharp,bitter,acid,severe.--1.severe,sharp (fig.),of dukkha,vedanā,kāmā,etc.M.I,10=A.II,143; J.VI,115; Th.2,451 (=ThA.281); SA 56.-- painful,terrible,frightful (-appl<sup>d</sup> to the fruits of evil actions and to the sufferings in Niraya:see kammapphala &#38; niraya) J.III,519; Pv.I,10<sup>2</sup>,11<sup>1</sup>; IV,1<sup>8</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>.-- bitter,or perhaps pungent of taste DhS 291; Miln.65,112; J.III,201.-- 2.(nt.) pungency,acidity,bitterness D.II,349=J.I,380; Th.2,503 (pañca°); J.VI,509.-- Note.Is k.to be written instead of kadukkha at VvA.316,where it explains maraṇa? Cp.J.III,201:tesaṃ taṃ kaṭukaṃ āsi,maraṇaṃ ten’upāgamuṃ.<br><br> <i>--udraya</i> causing bitterness or pain J.V,241,cp.dukkhudraya J.V,119.<i>--odaka</i> a bitter draught Sdhp.159.<i>--pabhedana</i> (adj.) having a pungent juice exuding from the temples,said of an elephant in rut Dh.324 (=tikhiṇamada DhA.IV,13).<i>--pphala</i> a kind of perfume made of the berry of an aromatic plant J.II,416=DhA.III,475 (kappūra-k°-ādīni),cp.Sk.kakkolaka.-- (adj.) of bitter fruit J.II,106 (of the mango); S.I,57=J.III,291=Dh.66 (of kamma); Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup> (id.).<i>--bhaṇḍa</i> (sg. &#38; pl.) spices.There are 4 enum<sup>d</sup> at J.III,86:hingujīraka,singiveraka,marica,pipphali; 3 at VvA.186 (as tikaṭuka,cp.kaṭula):ajamoja,hingujīraka,lasuṇa; PvA.135; DhA.II,131.<i>--bhāva</i> stinginess DhsA.376.<i>--rohiṇī</i> the black hellebore Vin.I,201 (as medicine).<i>--vipāka</i> (adj.) having a bitter result (of pāpa) Miln.206; compar.°tara S.II,128.<i>--sāsana</i> a harsh command J.VI,498.(Page 177),6,1
  5717. 222118,en,15,katukancukata,kaṭukañcukatā,Kaṭukañcukatā,Kaṭukañcukatā,(f.) [der.by Bdhgh.as kaṭuka + añcuka <i>(</i><em>añc</em><i>)</i>,a popular etymology (DhsA.376).At Dhs.1122 and as v.l.K in Vbh.we have the spelling <i>kaṭakancukatā</i> (for kaṭakuñcakatā?),on which and °kuñcaka see Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,159 sq.and Dhs.trsl.300 n<sup>2</sup>.– Morris’derivation is kaṭa (<em>kar</em>) + kañcuka + tā (kañcuka=kuñcaka to <em>kuñc</em>,to contract),thus a der<sup>n</sup> fr.kañcuka “bodice” and meaning “being tightened in by a bodice,” i.e.tightness.Although the reading kaṭukañc° is the established reading,the var.lect.<i>kaṭakuñc°</i> is probably etym.correct,semantically undoubtedly better.It has undergone dissimilatory vowel-metathesis under influence of popular analogy with kaṭuka.With kuñcikatā cp.the similar expression derived from the same root:<i>kuṇalī-mukha</i>,of a stingy person Pv.II,9<sup>28</sup>,which is expl<sup>d</sup> by “saṅkucitaṃ mukhaṃ akāsi” (see kuñcita)] closeness,tightness,close-fistedness,niggardliness.Expl<sup>d</sup> as “the shrinking up of the heart,” which prevents the flow or manifestation of generosity.It occurs only in the stock phrase “vevicchaṃ kadariyaṃ k.aggahitattaṃ cittassa” in <i>macchariya-</i>passage at Nd<sup>2</sup> 614=Dhs.1122 =Pug.19,23=Vbh.357,371; and in the macchariya expl<sup>n</sup> at Vism.470.(Page 177),13,1
  5718. 222151,en,15,katukatta,kaṭukatta,Kaṭukatta,Kaṭukatta,(nt.) pungency,acidity,bitterness Miln.56,63.(Page 177),9,1
  5719. 222175,en,15,katula,kaṭula,Kaṭula,Kaṭula,(adj.) [Sk.kaṭura] containing pungent substances (generally three:tekaṭula) Vin.I,210 (yāgu),cp.tikaṭuka.(Page 177),6,1
  5720. 222181,en,15,katum,kātuṃ,Kātuṃ,Kātuṃ,and Kātu° (in comp<sup>n</sup> with kāma) inf.of karoti.<br><br><i> --kāma </i>desirous of doing or making,etc.Mhvs 37<sup>34</sup> (a°).PvA.115; --kāmatā the desire to do,etc.J.IV,253; V,364.See also kattu° in same comb<sup>ns</sup>.(Page 203),5,1
  5721. 222186,en,15,katumika,kaṭumikā,Kaṭumikā,Kaṭumikā,(f.) [from karoti; see Sk.kṛtrima &#38; kuṭṭima; also kutta &#38; kutti] artificiality,outward help,sugges‹-› tion,appl<sup>d</sup> to sati Miln.78,79 (cp.Miln.trsl.I.121 n and MVastu I.477).(Page 177),8,1
  5722. 222255,en,15,katuviya,kaṭuviya,Kaṭuviya,Kaṭuviya,(adj.) [kaṭu viya?] impure,defiled,in °kata A.I,280.(Page 177),8,1
  5723. 222269,en,15,katuye,kātuye,Kātuye,Kātuye,is Vedic inf.of karoti Th.2,418 (in ThA.268 taken as kātuṃ ayye!).(Page 203),6,1
  5724. 222293,en,15,kavaca,kavaca,Kavaca,Kavaca,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kavaca] a mail,a coat of mail,armour D.II,107=Ud.64 (appl<sup>d</sup> to existence); Th.1,614 (of sīla); J.IV,92,296; Miln.199,257; Vism.73.<br><br> <i>--jālikā</i> a mail-coat Miln.199.(Page 200),6,1
  5725. 222306,en,15,kavandha,kavandha,Kavandha,Kavandha,(m.nt.) [cp.Sk.kavandha &#38; kabandha] 1.the (headless) trunk of the body,endowed with the power of motion Vin.III,107; cp.S.II,260 (asīsaka°); Miln.292; DhA.I,314.-- 2.a headless dwarf,whose head has been crushed down into his body J.V,424,427 (cp.the story of Dhanu,the Rākṣasa who was punished by having his head and thighs forced into his body,Raghuvaṃsa XII.57).(Page 200),8,1
  5726. 222318,en,15,kavata,kavāṭa,Kavāṭa,Kavāṭa,(m.nt.) 1.the panels of the door,the door proper,not the aperture Vin.II,114,120,207,208 (see Vin.II,148 for the description of a door) IV.269,304 (°baddha =āvasatha); J.I,19; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>1d</sup>; Vism.28 (°koṇa doorcorner).-- 2.<i>dvāra°</i> a door-post J.I,63; II,334; PvA.280.-- 3.a window Mhvs IX.17; -- °ṃ paṇāmeti to open the door Vin.II,114,120,207; °ṃ ākoṭeti to knock at the door D.I,88 (=DA.I,252); Vin.II,208.-- <i>akavāṭaka</i> (adj.) having no doors,doorless Vin.II,148,154 (v.l.for akkavāta Text). <i>--piṭṭha</i> the panels and posts of a door; the door and the door-posts Vin.I,47,48=II.208,218; <i>--baddha</i> “door-bound,” closed,secure Vin.IV,292 (see also above).(Page 200),6,1
  5727. 222334,en,15,kavataka,kavāṭaka,Kavāṭaka,Kavāṭaka,=kavāṭa Vin.II,148; DA.I,62 (nīvaraṇa°).(Page 201),8,1
  5728. 222370,en,15,kaveyya,kāveyya,Kāveyya,Kāveyya,(nt.) [grd.fr.kāvyate fr.kavi poet cp.Sk.kāvya] 1.poetry,the making of poems,poetry as business.one of the forbidden occupations D.I,11 (=DA.I,95 kabba-karaṇa) -- 2.poetry,song,poem (of suttanta) A.I,72=III,107.<br><br> <i>--matta</i> intoxicated with poetry,musing,dreaming S.I,110,196.(Page 212),7,1
  5729. 222386,en,15,kavi,kavi,Kavi,Kavi,[Vedic kavi] a poet S.I,38; II,267; Dāvs.I,10; four classes enum<sup>d</sup> at A.II,230 &#38; DA.I,95,viz.1.cintā° an original p.2.suta° one who puts into verse what he Las heard.3.attha° a didactic p.4.paṭibhāṇa° an improvisor.<br><br> <i>--kata</i> composed by poets S.II,267; A.I,72.(Page 201),4,1
  5730. 222426,en,15,kavittha,kaviṭṭha,Kaviṭṭha,Kaviṭṭha,[cp.kapittha] the elephant-apple tree,Feronia elephantum J.V,38 (°vana).(Page 201),8,1
  5731. 222436,en,15,kavya,kavya,Kavya,Kavya,[cp.Vedic kavya wise; sacrificer] poetry; ballad,ode (cp.kabba) J.VI,213,216.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> a poet J.VI,216.(Page 201),5,1
  5732. 222445,en,15,kaya,kaya,Kaya,Kaya,[fr.<em>kri</em>] purchase,buying A.III,226 (+vi°).<br><br> <i>--(a)kkaya</i>,buying &#38; selling Pv.I,5<sup>6</sup> (see also Kh VII.6 and note).<i>--vikkaya</i> (kraya vikraya) buying &#38; selling,trade in °paṭivirata D.I,5=A.II,209=V.205= Pug.58; D.I,64; S.V,473; Sn.929; J.V,243; Khus 114; DhA.I,78; PvA.29 (=KhA 212).(Page 195),4,1
  5733. 222461,en,15,kaya,kāya,Kāya,Kāya,[der.probably fr.<i>ci</i>,cinoti to heap up,cp.nikāya heaping up,accumulation or collection; Sk.kāya] group,heap,collection,aggregate,body.-- Definitions and synonyms.-- SnA 31 gives the foll.synonyms and similes of kāya:kuṭī,guhā (Sn.772),deha,sandeha (Dh.148=Th.1,20),nāvā (Dh.369),ratha (S.IV,292),dhaja,vammīka (M.I,144),kuṭikā (Th.1,1); and at KhA 38 the foll.def.:kāye ti sarīre,sarīraṃ hi asucisañcayato kucchitānaṃ vā kesādīnaṃ āyabhūtato kāyo ti vuccati....It is equivalent to <i>deha</i>:S.I,27; PvA.10; to <i>sarīra</i> KhA 38; PvA.63,to <i>nikāya</i> (deva°) D.III,264; and cp.formula of jāti:sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti ...Nd<sup>2</sup> 257.<br><br> Literal meaning.--1.mahājana-kāya a collection of people,a crowd S.IV,191; V,170; VvA.78; --bala° a great crowd Sn.p.105; DhA.I,193,398.-- 2.group or division:satta kāyā akaṭā,etc.(seven eternal groups or principles) D.I,56=M.I,517=S.III,211 (in Pakudha Kaccāyana’s theory); with reference to groups of sensations or sense-organs,as vedanā-kāya,saññā°,viññāṇa°,phassa°,etc.S.III,60,61; D.III,243,244; taṇhā° D.III,244; appl.to hatthi°,ratha°,patti°,groups of elephants,carriages or soldiers S.I,72.-- A good idea of the extensive meaning of kāya may be gathered from the classification of the 7 kāyas at J.II,91,viz.camma°,dāru°,loha°,ayo°,vāluka°,udaka°,phalaka°,or “bodies” (great masses,substances) of skin,wood,copper,iron,sand,water,and planks.-- Var.other comb<sup>ns</sup>:Asura° A.I,143; D.III,7; Ābhassara° (“world of radiance”) D.I,17=III,29,84; Deva° S.I,27,30; D.III,264 (°nikāya); dibbā kāyā A.I,143; Tāvatiṃsa° D.III,15.<br><br> Applied meaning.--I.Kāya under the physical aspect is an aggregate of a multiplicity of elements which finally can be reduced to the four “great” elements,viz.earth,water,fire,and air (D.I,55).This “heap,” in the valuation of the Wise (muni),shares with all other objects the qualities of such elements,and is therefore regarded as contemptible,as something which one has to get rid of,as a source of impurity.It is subject to time and change,it is built up and kept alive by cravings,and with death it is disintegrated into the elements.But the kamma which determined the appearance of this physical body has naturally been renewed and assumes a new form.II.Kāya under the psychological aspect is the seat of sensation (Dhs.§§ 613‹-› 16),and represents the fundamental organ of touch which underlies all other sensation.Developed only in later thought DhsA.311 cf.Mrs.Rhys Davids,Bud.Psy.Ethics lvi.ff.; Bud.Psy.143,185 f.<br><br> I.(Physical).--(a) Understanding of the body is attained through introspection (sati).In the group of the four sati-paṭṭhānas,the foundations of introspection,the recognition of the true character of “body” comes first (see Vbh.193).The standing formula of this recognition is <i>kāye kāyânupassī</i> ...contemplating body as an accumulation,on which follows the description of this aggregate:“he sees that the body is clothed in skin,full of all kinds of dirty matter,and that in this body there are hair,nails,teeth,” etc.(the enumeration of the 32 ākāras,as given Kh III,).The conclusions drawn from this meditation give a man the right attitude.The formula occurs frequently,both in full and abridged,e.g.D.II,293,294; III,104,141; A.III,323=V.109; S.IV,111=V.278; Vbh.193,194; Nett 83,123; with slight variation:kāye asubhânupassī ...A.III,142 sq.; V,109 (under asubhasaññā); It.81; cp.kāye aniccânupassī S.IV,211; and kāyagatā sati.-- This accumulation is described in another formula with:ayaṃ ...kāyo rūpī cātum(m)ahābhūtiko mātā-pettika-sambhavo odana-kummās’upacayo,etc.“this body has form (i.e.is material,visible),is born from mother and father,is a heap of gruel and sour milk,is subject to constant dressing and tending,to breaking up and decay,” etc.,with inferences D.I,55=S.III,207; S.II,94; IV,194; V,282,370; D.I,76,209; M.I,144,500; II,17; A.IV,386=S.IV,83.<br><br> (b) Various qualities and functions of the material body.As trunk of the body (opposed to pakkhā and sīsa) S.II,231; also at Pv.I,8<sup>3</sup>; as depending on nourishment (āhāra-ṭṭhitika,etc.) Sv.64; A.II,145 (with taṇhā,māna,methuna); as needing attention:see °parihārika.As saviññāṇaka,having consciousness A.IV,53= S.II,252=S.III,80,103,136,169; cp.āyu usmā ca viññānaṃ yadā kāyaṃ jahant’imaṃ S.III,143.As in need of breathing assāsa-passāsa S.V,330,336; as tired,fatigued (kilanta-kāya) kilanta-kāyā kilanta-cittā te devā tamhā kāyā cavanti “tired in body,tired in mind these gods fall out of this assembly” (D.I,20; III,32≈); in other connection PvA.43; see also kilanta.kāyo kilanto D.III,255 sq.;=A.IV,332; S.V,317; M.I,116; jiṇṇassa me ...kāyo na paleti Sn.1144; ātura-kāyo S.III,1 (cittaṃ anāturaṃ); paripuṇṇa-k° suruci sujāto,etc.,with a perfect body (of the Buddha) Sn.548= Th.1,818; cp.mahā-k° (of Brahmins) Sn.298.The body of a Buddha is said to be endowed with the 32 signs of a great man:Bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsa mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇāni ...Sn.p.107,cp.549.The Tathāgata is said to be dhamma-kāyo “author and speaker of Doctrine,” in the same sense Brahma-kāyo “the best body” (i.e.of Doctrine) D.III,84 (Dial.iii,81).<br><br> (c) Valuation of physical body.From the contemplating of its true character (kāyânupassī) follows its estimation as a transient,decaying,and repulsive object.-- kāye anicc’ânupassī S.IV,211 (and vay’ânupassī,nirodh’ânupassī),so also asubhânupassī It.81; kāyañ ca bhindantaṃ ñatvā It.69; evaṃdhammo (i.e.a heap of changing elements) A.III,324; aciraṃ vat’ayaṃ kāyo paṭhaviṃ adhisessati chuddho apetaviññāṇo <i>niratthaṃ va kaliṅgaraṃ</i> Dh.41.pittaṃ semhañ ca vamati kāyamhā Sn.198.As bahu-dukkho bahuādīnavo A.V,109; as anicca dukkha,etc.M.I,500; II,17; kāyena aṭṭiyamānā harayamānā S.IV,62; V,320; dissati imassa kāyassa ācayo pi apacayo pi ādānam pi nikkhepanam pi S.II,94.-- This body is eaten by crows and vultures after its death:S.V,370.Represented as <i>pūti°</i> foul S.I,131; III,120.-- Bdhgh.at Vism.240 defines kāya as “catu-mahābhūtika pūti-kāya” (cp.similar passages on p.367:patthaddho bhavati kāyo,pūtiko bhavati kāyo).<br><br> (d) Similes.--Out of the great number of epithets (adhivacanāni) and comparisons only a few can be mentioned (cp.above under def. &#38; syn.):The body is compared to an abscess (gaṇḍa) S.IV,83=A.IV,386; a city (nagara) S.IV,194; a cart (ratha) S.IV,292; an anthill (vammīka) M.I,144; all in reference to its consisting of the four fundamental elements,cp.also:pheṇ’ûpamaṃ kāyaṃ imaṃ viditvā “knowing that the body is like froth” Dh.46; kumbh’ûpamaṃ kāyaṃ imaṃ viditvā nagar’ûpamaṃ cittaṃ idaṃ ṭhapetvā Dh.40:the body is as fragile as a water-pot.<br><br> (e) Dissolution of the body is expressed in the standard phrase:kāyassa bhedā param maraṇā ...,i.e.after death ...upon which usually follows the mention of one of the gatis,the destinies which the new kāya has to experience,e.g.D.I,82,107,143,162,245,247,252; III,96,97,146,181,235; M.I,22; S.I,94; III,241; Dh.140; It.12,14; J.I,152; PvA.27,etc.,etc.Cp.also IV.<br><br> II.(Psychological).--As the seat of feeling,kāya is the fifth in the enumeration of the senses <i>(āyatanāni)</i>.It is <i>ajjhattika</i> as sense (i.e.subjective) and its object is the tangible <i>(phoṭṭhabba)</i>.The contact between subject and object consists either in touching (phusitvā) or in sensing (viññeyya).The formulas vary,but are in essence the same all through,e.g.kāya-viññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā D.I,245; kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā D.III,226,250,269; M.I,33; II,42; S.IV,104,112; kāyena phusitvā A.V,11; kāyo c’eva phoṭṭhabbā ca D.III,102.Best to be grouped here is an application of kāya in the sense of the self as experiencing a great joy; the whole being,the “inner sense,” or heart.This realization of intense happiness (such as it is while it lasts),pīti-sukha,is the result of the four stages of meditation,and as such it is always mentioned after the jhānas in the formula:so imaṃ eva kāyaṃ vivekajena pīti-sukhena abhisandeti ...“His very body does he so pervade with the joy and ease born of detachment from worldliness” D.I,73 sq.=M.I,277; A.II,41,etc.-- A similar context is that in which kāya is represented as <i>passaddha</i>,calmed down,i.e.in a state which is free from worldly attachment (vivekaja).This “peace” of the body (may be translated as “my senses,my spirits” in this connection) flows out of the peace of the mind and this is born out of the joy accompanying complete satisfaction (pamuditā) in attaining the desired end.The formula is pamuditassa pīti jāyati pītimanassa kāyo passambhati,passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti,sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati D.III,241,288; S.IV,351; M.I,37; A.III,21,285; IV,176; V,3,333; Vbh.227.‹-› Similarly:pamuditāya pīti jāyati,pītimanāya kāyo p°,passadhakāyā sukhaṃ ved° Vin.I,294 (c̣p.Vin.Texts II.224:“all my frame will be at peace,” or “individuality”; see note) passaddhakāya-saṅkhāra mentioned at A.V,29 sq.is one of the ten ariya-vāsā,the noblest conditions.A quasi-analogy between kāya and kāma is apparent from a number of other passages:kāya-chando --°sneho --°anvayatā pahīyati M.I,500; ajjhattañ ca bahiddha ca kāye chandaṃ virājaye Sn.203; kāye avigata-rāgo hoti (kāme,rūpe) D.III,238=A.III,249; madhurakajāto viya kāyo S.III,106; A.III,69.<br><br> III,(Ethical).--Kāya is one of the three channels by which a man’s personality is connected with his environment &#38; by which his character is judged,viz.action,the three being kāya,vacī (vāca) and manas.These three <i>kammantas</i>,activities or agents,form the three subdivisions of the sīla,the rules of conduct.Kāya is the first and most conspicuous agent,or the principle of action kat) e)coxήn,character in its pregnant sense.<br><br> Kāya as one of a triad.--Its usual combination is in the formula mentioned,and as such found in the whole of the Pāli Canon.But there is also another combination,found only in the older texts,viz.<i>kayenā vācāya uda cetasā</i>:yañ ca karoti <i>kāyena vācāya uda cetasā</i> taṃ hi tassa sakaṃ hoti tañ ca ādāya gacchati S.I,93 yo dhammacārī <i>kāyena vācāya uda cetasā</i> idh eva nam pasaṃsanti pacca sagge pamodati S.I,102.-- So also at A.I,63; Sn.232.Besides in formula arakkhitena kāyena a° vācāya a° <i>cittena</i> S.II,231=271; IV,112.‹-› With <i>su-</i> and <i>duccarita</i> the comb<sup>n</sup> is extremely frequent,e.g.S.I,71,72; M.I,22,etc.,etc.In other comb.we have kāya- (v°.,m.°) kamma,moneyya,soceyya,etc.-- k°.v°.m°.hiṃsati S.I,165; saṃsappati A.V,289 sq.; kāye (v°.m°.) sati kāya-sañcetanā-hetu uppajjati S.II,39 sq.; The variations of k- in the ethics of the Dhamma under this view of k°.v°.m°.are manifold,all based on the fundamental distinctions between good and bad,all being the raison d’être of kamma:yaṃ ...etarahi kammaṃ karoti kāyena v.m.idaṃ vuccati navakammaṃ S.IV,132.-- Passages with reference to good works are e.g.D.III,245; A.I,151; V,302 sq.; (see also Kamma II.2 b.c.).-- With reference to evil:S.III,241,247; A.I,201; kin nu kāyena vācāya manasā dukkaṭaṃ kataṃ Pv.II,1<sup>3</sup> and passim.Assutavā puthujjano tīhi ṭhānehi micchā paṭipajjati kāyena v.m.S.II,151; pāpaṃ na kayirā vacasā manasā kāyena vā kiñcana sabbaloke S.I,12=31; yassa kāyena vācāya manasā n’atthi dukkaṭaṃ saṃvutaṃ tīhi ṭhānehi,tam ahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ Dh.391=Nett 183.Kāyena saṃvaro sādhu sādhu vācāya saṃvaro manasā saṃvaro sādhu sādhu sabbattha saṃvaro Dh.361=S.I,73= Miln.399; ye ca kāyena v.m.ca susaṃvutā na te Māravasânugā,na te Mārassa paccagū S.I,104; vācānurakkhī manasā susaṃvuto kāyena ca akusalaṃ na kayirā Dh.281=Nett 183.<br><br> Kāya as one of a dyad:vācā and kāya:S.I,172 (°gutta) M.I,461 (rakkhita and a°); Pv.I,2<sup>2</sup> (°saññatā and opp.); Vism.28 (k°-vacī-kamma); PvA.98.<br><br> Kāya alone as a collective expression for the three:A.I,54; Dh.259,391; Sn.206,407; kāye avītarāgo M.I,101; A.III,249; IV,461 sq.; °-samācāra S.V,354; kāyaṃ paṇidhāya Ps.I,175; Vbh.244=252; bhāvita° and a° M.I,239; A.I,250; III,106 sq.,cp.:<i>kāya-ppakopaṃ</i> rakkheyya,kāyena saṃvuto siyā kāyaduccaritaṃ hitvā,kāyena sucaritaṃ care Dh.231.Ahiṃsakā ye munayo niccaṃ kāyena saṃvutā Dh.225.<br><br> Kāya in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>citta</i>:ṭhito va kāyo hoti ṭhitaṃ cittaṃ ...S.V,74; anikaṭṭha-kāyo nikaṭṭha-citto A.II,137; sāraddha-kāyo saṅkiliṭṭha-citto A.V,93=95= 97; bhāvita-kāyo,°sīlo,°citto,°pañño S.IV,111; A.IV,111; V,42 sq.Apakassa kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ S.II,198.Kāya-citta-passaddhi,etc.Dhs.§§ 29--51.In these six couples (or yugalas) later Abhidhamma distinguished kāya as=the cetasikas (mental properties,or the vedanā,saññā and saṅkhārā khandhas),body being excluded.Cpd.96.See also comb<sup>n</sup> kilantakāya,kilanta-citta under kilamati.<br><br> IV.(Various).--Kāyena (i.e.“visibly”) aññamaññaṃ passituṃ A.II,61; as nānatta° and ekatta° at A.IV,39 =Nd<sup>2</sup> 570.The relation between rūpa-kāya (=cātumahābhūtika),and nāma-kāya,the mental compound (=vedanā saññā,etc.) is discussed at Nett 77,78,and Ps.I,183 sq.,see also S.II,24.K.is anattā,i.e.k.has no soul A.V,109; S.IV,166.n’âyaṃ kāyo tumhākaṃ n’āpi paresaṃ,purāṇaṃ idaṃ kammaṃ ...“neither is this body yours,nor anyone else’s:it is (the appearance of) former karma” S.II,64,65=Nd<sup>2</sup> 680.Dissamānena kāyena and upaḍḍha-dissamānena S.I,156.‹-› Manomaya-kāya a body made by the mind (cp.VvA.10 and DA.I,110,120,222) according to Bdhgh only at the time of jhāna S.V,282 sq.; manomaya pīti-bhakkha sayaṃpabha D.I,17=VvA.10; manomayaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimmināya ...D.I,77; m° sabbaṅga-paccaṅgī D.I,34,77,186,195.-- Under the control of psychic powers (iddhi):kāyena va saṃvatteti he does as he likes with his body,i.e.he walks on water,is ubiquitous,etc.(yāva brahmalokā pi:even up to heaven) S.V,265= D.I,78=A.I,170:see also S.V,283,284.-- In the various stages of Saṃsāra; kāyaṃ nikkhipati he lays down his (old) body S.IV,60,400; cp.S.III,241 (ossaṭṭha-kāya); referring to continuous change of body during day and night (of a Petī) Pv.II,12<sup>11</sup>.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> a limb of the body,kāy’aṅgaṃ vāc’aṅgaṃ vā na kopenti:they remain motionless and speechless (ref.to the bhikkhus begging) J.III,354; DhsA.93,240; <i>--ânupassin</i> in comb<sup>n</sup> kāye kāyânupassī “realizing in the body an aggregate” D.II,94,100,291 sq.; D.III,58,77,141,221,276; M.I,56; A.I,39,296; II,256; III,449; IV,300,457 sq.; S.IV,211; V,9,75,298,329 sq.; Vbh.193 sq.; 236; see also above.Der.:°anupassanā Ps.I.178,184; II,152,163,232; °passita Nett.123; <i>--āyatana</i> the sense of touch D.III,243,280,290; Dhs.585,613,653,783;--<i>indriya</i> same D.III,239; Dhs.585,613,972; <i>--ujjukatā</i> straightness of body (+citta°,of thought) Dhs.53,277,330; Vism.466; Bdhd 16,20.<i>--ûpaga</i> going to a (new) body S.II,24; <i>--kamma</i> “bodily action,” deed performed by the body in contradistinction to deeds by speech or thought (see above) D.I,250; III,191,245,279; M.I,415; III,206; A.I,104; III,6,9,141 sq.; V,289; Th.2,277; Ps.II,195; Dhs.981,1006; Vbh.208,321,366; Pug.41; Bdhd 69; DhsA.68,77,344.<i>--kammaññatā</i> wieldiness,alertness of the bodily senses included under nāmakāya Dhs.46,277,326.<i>--kammanta</i>=°kamma,in comb.°sampatti and °sandosa A.V,292,294,297; M.I,17.<i>--kali</i> “the misfortune of having a body”=this miserable body Th.2,458,501; ThA.282,291; <i>--kasāva</i> bodily impurity or depravity A.I,112; <i>--gata</i> “relating to the body,” always combined with sati in the same sense as °anupassin (see above) S.I,188; M.III,92; A.I,44; Sn.340 (cp.SnA 343); Th.1,468,1225; J.I,394; Dh.293= Nett 39; Dh.299; Miln.248,336,393; Vism.111,197,240 sq.<i>--gantha</i> bodily tie or fetter (binding one to saṃsāra),of which there are four:abhijjhā,byāpāda,sīlabbata-parāmāsa,idaṃ-saccâbhinivesa D.III,230= S.V,59=Dhs.1135=Vbh.374; cp.Mrs.Rh.D.,Dhs.trsl.p.304; --<i>gandha</i> spelling for °gantha at Nett 115‹-› 119; <i>--gutta</i> one who guards his body,i.e.controls his action (+vacīgutta) S.I,172=Sn.74; <i>--gutti</i> the care or protection of the body Vin.I,295; J.II,162; <i>--citta</i> body and mind:°ābādha physical and mental disease J.IV,166; see other comb<sup>ns</sup> above; <i>--ḍāha</i> fever Vin.I,214; <i>--tapana</i> chastisement of body,curbing one’s material desires,asceticism PvA.98.<i>--thāma</i> physical strength J.III,114; <i>--daratha</i> bodily distress J.V,397; VI,295; <i>--daḷha</i> bodily vigour Vin.II,76,313; <i>--dukkha</i> bodily pain (+ceto°) M.III,288; <i>--duccarita</i> misconduct by the body,evil deeds done through the instrumentality of the body (cp.°kamma) D.III,52,96,111,214; A.I,48; Dh.231; It.54,58; Dhs.300,1305; Bdhd 16,20; <i>--duṭṭhulla</i> unchastity Th.1,114; <i>--dvāra</i> the channel or outlet of bodily senses J.I,276; IV,14; VvA.73; DhA.IV,85; Bdhd 69; <i>--dhātu</i> the “element” of body,i.e.the faculty of touch,sensibility Dhs.613; Kvu 12; <i>--pakopa</i> blameworthy conduct,misbehaviour (+vacī°,mano°) Dh.231=DhA 330; <i>--pacālaka</i> (nt.) shaking or swaying the body,“swaggering” Vin.II,213; <i>--paṭibaddha</i> 1.adj.(of the breath),dependent on,or connected with the body S.IV,293; attached or bound to the body J.III,377; V,254; 2.m.an article of dress worn on the body Vin.III,123,IV.214; <i>--payoga</i> the instrumentality or use of the body DA.I,72=DhsA.98; <i>--pariyantika</i> limited by the body,said of vedanā,sensation S.V,320=A.II,198; <i>--parihārika</i> tending or protecting the body D.I,71=A.II,209=Pug.58; Vism.65 (cīvara); DA.I,207; <i>--pasāda</i> clearness of the sense of touch or sense in general DhsA.306; Bdhd 62,66,74; cp.Dhs.trsl.p.173<sup>n</sup>,198<sup>n</sup>; <i>--passaddhi</i> serenity or quietude of the senses S.IV,125 (cp.IV.351 and above); V,66,104; Dhs.40,277,320; DhsA.130; Bdhd 16,19,29; <i>--pāgabbhiya</i> “body-forwardness” immodesty,lasciviousness,gener.said of women J.II,32; V,449; <i>--pāgabbhiniya</i> same J.I,288; <i>--pāguññatā</i> good condition of the mental faculties,fitness of sense,opp.kāyagelañña,apathy Dhs.46,277,326; Vism.466; Bdhd 16,20,157; <i>--phandita</i> (nt.) bodily activity J.III,25; <i>--baddha</i> fastened to the body,appl.to robes DA.I,207; <i>--bandhana</i> a girdle or waistband Vin.I,46,51; II,118,135,177,213,266; M.I,237; <i>--bala</i> physical strength PvA.30; <i>--bhāvanā</i> meditation or training with regard to action D.III,219; M.I,237; cp.Miln.85; <i>--macchera</i> “body-selfishness,” pampering the body Th.1,1033; <i>--mudutā</i> pliability of sense=°kammaññatā Dhs.44,277,324; Bdhd 16,20,157; <i>--muni</i> a sage with regard to action It.56; <i>--moneyya</i> the true wisdom regarding the use of the body as an instrument of action It.56; 67; D.III,220; A.I,273; Nd<sup>2</sup> 514; <i>--ratha</i> the “carriagelike” body J.VI,253; <i>--lahutā</i> buoyancy of sense= °muduta,same loci; <i>--vaṅka</i> crookedness of action A.I,112; <i>--vikāra</i> change of position of the body J.III,354; <i>--vijambhana</i> alertness DhA.IV,113; <i>--viññatti</i> intimation by body,i.e.merely by one’s appearance,appl.chiefly to the begging bhikkhu Dhs.585,636,654,844; DhsA.82,301; Miln.229,230; Vism.448; Bdhd 69,70; <i>--viññāṇa</i> consciousness by means of touch,sensory consciousness D.III,243; Dhs.556,585,651,685,790; Miln.59; Vbh.180; °dhātu element of touch-consciousness Dhs.560; Vbh.88; Kvu 12; <i>--viññeyya</i> to be perceived by the sense of touch (+phoṭṭhabba,see above) D.I,245; II,281; III,234; M.I,85,144; Dhs.589,967,1095; Vbh.14; Kvu 210; Miln.270; <i>--vipphandana</i> throbbing of the body,bodily suffusion,appl<sup>d</sup> to °vinnatti Bdhd 69,70; DhsA.323; <i>--viveka</i> seclusion of the body,hermitism J.I,289; DhsA.165; <i>--vūpakāsa</i>= °viveka D.III,285 (+citta° “singleness” of heart); <i>--veyyāvacca</i> menial duties J.I,12; °kara a servant J.II,334; <i>--veyyāvaṭika</i> same J.VI,418; Sn.p.104; DhA.I,27; °kamma id.J.V,317 (=veyyāvacca) DhsA.160; <i>--saṃsagga</i> bodily contact,sexual intercourse Vin.III,121,190; J.VI,566; <i>--sakkhin</i> he who has realized and gained the final truth concerning the body (cp.°anupassin) D.III,105,254; M.I,478=Pug.14,29; M.II,113; III,45; A.I,74; 118; IV,10,451; V,23; Ps.II,52,62; Nett 190; Kvu 58; Vism.93,387.<i>--saṅkhāra</i> the material aggregate,substratum of body Vin.III,71; S.II,40; III,125; IV,293; A.I,122; II,158,231; Ps.I,184,186; Vism.530.<i>--saṅgaha</i> control of body (+citta°) Nett 91; <i>--sañcetanā</i> (-hetu) ground (for the rise of),material,i.e.impure thoughts A.II,157; Vism.530 (+vacī°,mano°).<i>--samācāra</i> (good) conduct as regards one’s actions D.II,279 (+vacī°) M.I,272 sq.; II,113; III,45; S.V,354; A.III,186 sq.<i>--sampīlana</i> crushing the body (of dukkha) Nett 29; <i>--samphassa</i> the sense of touch (see āyatana) D.III,243; S.V,351; Dhs.585,616,651,684; °ja arisen through touch or sensibility D.III,244; Dhs.445,558; <i>--sucarita</i> good conduct in action,as one of the three °kammāni (vacī°,mano°) D.III,52,96,111,169,215; It.55,59,99,Dhs.1306; <i>--suci</i> purity of body,i.e.of action (+vacī°,ceto°) A.I,273; It.55; <i>--soceyya</i> purification of body (+vacī°,mano°) D.III,219; A.I,271; V 264,266; It.55.(Page 207),4,1
  5734. 223621,en,15,kayati,kayati,Kayati,Kayati,[<em>krī</em>,perhaps connected with <em>kṛ</em>] to buy; Inf.ketuṃ J.III,282; cp.kiṇāti.(Page 195),6,1
  5735. 223937,en,15,kayika,kayika,Kayika,Kayika,[fr.<em>krī</em>,cp.BSk.krayika Divy 505] a buyer,trader,dealer Miln.334.(Page 195),6,1
  5736. 223947,en,15,kayika,kāyika,Kāyika,Kāyika,(adj.) [fr.kāya] 1.belonging to the body,i.e.felt by the body (experienced by the senses),or resulting from the body,i.e.done by the body (=acted as opposed to spoken or thought).sukhaṃ physical happiness (opp.cetasika°) S.V,209; A.I,81; dukkhaṃ D.II,306; M.I,302 (opp.cetasikaṃ); kāyikaṃ (sc.dhammaṃ) sikkhati to teach the conduct of body (opp.vācasikaṃ) Vin.II,248.In comb.with vācasika also at S.I,190; Pug.21; Vism.18 (of anācara); PvA.119 (of saṃyama,control) Shhp 55; Bdhd 26,134; referring to diff.kinds of amusements Nd<sup>2</sup> 219=SnA 86.2.--° (of devas) belonging to the company of-:° D.I,220; gandhabba° PvA.119.(Page 209),6,1
  5737. 224128,en,15,kayin,kayin,Kayin,Kayin,a buyer J.VI,110.(Page 195),5,1
  5738. 224215,en,15,kayura,kāyūra,Kāyūra,Kāyūra, &#38; Kāyura [see also keyūra,which is the only form in Sk.] 1.an ornamental bracket or ring worn on the upper arm (bāh’âlaṅkāra Pv; bhuj° Vv) or neck (gīvāya pilandhana J.III,437); a bracelet or necklace Vin.II,106; J.III,437; IV,92; Pv III,9<sup>3</sup>; Vv 36<sup>2</sup>.-- 2.adj.as sakāyura raṭṭha having the insignia “regis” J.V,289=486.(Page 209),6,1
  5739. 224228,en,15,kayurin,kāyūrin,Kāyūrin,Kāyūrin,(adj.) [fr.last] wearing bracelets Pv III,9<sup>1</sup>.(Page 209),7,1
  5740. 224246,en,15,kebuka,kebuka,Kebuka,Kebuka,[on ke- see note to prec.] water J.VI,38 (=42:k.vuccati udakaṃ).As <i>nadī</i> a river at J.III,91,where Seruma at similar passage p.189.(Page 226),6,1
  5741. 224269,en,15,kedara,kedāra,Kedāra,Kedāra,(m.nt.) an irrigated field,prepared for ploughing,arable land in its first stage of cultivation:kedāre pāyetvā karissāma “we shall till the fields after watering them” J.I,215; as square-shaped (i.e.marked out as an allotment) Vin.I,391 (caturassa°; Bdhgh on MV VIII,12,1); J.III,255 (catukkaṇṇa°); surrounded by a trench,denoting the boundary (-mariyādā) DhA III,6.-- J.IV,167; V,35; PvA.7 (=khetta).The spelling is sometimes ketāra (J.III,255 v.l.) see Trenckner,J.P.T.S.1908,112.Note.The prefix ke- suggests an obsolete noun of the meaning “water,” as also in kebuka,ke-vaṭṭa; perhaps Sk.kṣvid,kṣvedate,to be wet,ooze? ke would then be k(h)ed,and kedara= ked+<em>dṛ</em>,bursting forth of water=inundation; kebuka =kedvu(d)ka (udaka); kevaṭṭa=ked+<em>vṛ</em>,moving on the water,fisherman; (cp.AvŚ Index Kaivarta:name of an officer on board a trading vessel).<br><br> <i>--koṭi</i> top or corner-point of a field Vism.180.(Page 225),6,1
  5742. 224314,en,15,keka,keka,Keka,Keka,[?] N.of a tree J.V,405.Kern,Toev.s.v.suggests misreading for <i>koka</i> Phœnix sylvestris.(Page 225),4,1
  5743. 224368,en,15,kelana,keḷanā,Keḷanā,Keḷanā,(f.) [fr.kilissati? or is it kheḷana?] desire,greed,usually shown in fondness for articles of personal adornment:thus “selfishness” Vbh.351=DA.I,286 (+<i>paṭikeḷanā</i>).In this passage it is given as a rather doubtful expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>cāpalla</i>,which would connect it with <em>kṣvel</em> to jump,or <i>khel</i> to swing,oscillate,waver,cp.expl<sup>n</sup> Dhtp 278 kela khela=calane.Another passage is Nd<sup>2</sup> 585,where it is comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>parikeḷanā</i> and acts as syn.of vibhūsanā.(Page 226),6,1
  5744. 224384,en,15,kelasa,keḷāsa,Keḷāsa,Keḷāsa,(cp.Sk.kailāsa] N.of a mountain Bdhd 138.(Page 226),6,1
  5745. 224404,en,15,kelayana,keḷāyana,Keḷāyana,Keḷāyana,(nt.) [fr.keḷāyati,cp.kelanā &#38; keḷi] playfulness,unsettledness Vism.134 (opp.majjhatta),317.(Page 226),8,1
  5746. 224431,en,15,kelayati,keḷāyati,Keḷāyati,Keḷāyati,[denom.fr.<em>kīḷ</em> in meaning “to amuse oneself with,” i.e.take a pride in.Always comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>mamāyati</i>.BSk.same meaning (to be fond of):śālikṣetrāṇi k.gopāyati Divy 631.Morris.J.P.T.S.1893,16 puts it (wrongly?) to <i>kel</i> to quiver:see also keḷanā] to adorn oneself with (Acc.),to fondle,treasure,take pride in (Gen.) M.I,260 (allīyati kelāyati dhanāyati mamāyati,where dhanāyati is to be read as vanāyati as shown by v.l.S.III,190 &#38; M.I,552); S.III,190 (id.); Miln.73.-- pp.<i>keḷāyita</i>.(Page 226),8,1
  5747. 224439,en,15,kelayita,keḷāyita,Keḷāyita,Keḷāyita,[pp.of keḷāyati] desired,fondled,made much of J.IV,198 (expl<sup>d</sup> with the ster.phrase kelāyati mamāyati pattheti piheti icchatī ti attho).(Page 226),8,1
  5748. 224447,en,15,keli,keḷi,Keḷi,Keḷi,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [either fr.<em>kil</em> as in kilijjati &#38; kilissati,or fr.<em>kel</em>,as given under keḷanā] the meaning is not quite defined,it may be taken as “attachment,lust,desire,” or “selfishness,deceit” (cp.kerāṭika &#38; kilissati),or “unsettledness,wavering.” --<i>keḷi-sīla</i> of unsettled character,unreliable,deceitful PvA.241.<i>°sīlaka</i> id.J.II,447.-- pañca <i>citta-keḷiyo</i>=pañca nīvaraṇāni (kāmacchanda etc.),the gratifications of the heart Th.1,1010 (corr.kelisā to keḷiyo!).-- <i>citta-keḷiṃ</i> kīḷantā bahuṃ pāpakammaṃ katvā enjoying themselves (wrongly) to their heart’s content J.III,43.Cp.kāmesu <i>a-ni-kīḷitāvin</i> unstained by desires S.I,9,117.(Page 226),4,1
  5749. 224448,en,15,keli,keḷi,Keḷi,Keḷi,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [fr.<em>krīḍ</em> to play,sport:see kīḷati] 1.play,amusement,sport PvA.265 (=khiḍḍā); parihāsa° merry play,fun J.I,116.-- 2.playing at dice,gambling,in <i>°maṇḍala</i> “circle of the game,” draught-board; <i>°ṃ bhindati</i> to break the board,i.e.to throw the die over the edge so as to make the throw invalid (cp.Cunningham,Stupa of Bharhut,plate 45) J.I,379.(Page 226),4,1
  5750. 224469,en,15,kelisa,kelisā,Kelisā,Kelisā,at Th.1,1010 is to be corrected into <i>keḷiyo</i> (see keḷi<sup>2</sup>).(Page 226),6,1
  5751. 224544,en,15,keratika,kerāṭika,Kerāṭika,Kerāṭika,(adj.) [fr.kirāṭa] deceitful,false,hypocritic J.I,461 (expl<sup>d</sup> by biḷāra); IV,220; IV,223 (=kirāsa); MA 152; DhA.III,389 (=saṭha).-- a° honest,frank J.V,117 (=akitava,ajūtakara).(Page 226),8,1
  5752. 224566,en,15,keratiya,kerāṭiya,Kerāṭiya,Kerāṭiya,=prec.J.III,260 (°lakkhaṇa); MA 152.(Page 226),8,1
  5753. 224583,en,15,kesa,kesa,Kesa,Kesa,[Vedic keśa; cp.kesara hair,mane=Lat.caesaries,hair of the head,Ags.heord=E.hair] the hair of the head S.I,115 (haṭa-haṭa-k°,with dishevelled hair); A.I,138 (palita-kesa with grey hair; also at J.I,59); Sn.456 (nivutta°),608; Th.1,169; J.I,59,138; III,393; Miln.26; KhA 42; Vism.353 (in detail).The wearing of long hair was forbidden to the Bhikkhus:Vin.II,107 sq.; 133 (cp.kesa-massu); -- dark (glossy) hair is a distinction of beauty:susukāḷa-keso (of Gotama) D.I,115; cp.kaṇha and kalyāṇa; PvA.26.-- The hair of Petas is long and dishevelled PvA.56; Sdhp.103; it is the only cover of their nakedness:kesehi paṭicchanna “covered only with my hair” Pv.I,10<sup>2</sup>.-- kesesu gahetvā to take by the hair (in Niraya) D.I,234; -- kesaṃ oropeti to have one’s hair cut Vin.II,133.<br><br> <i>--oropaṇa</i> (-satthaka) (a) hair-cutting (knife),i.e.a razor DhA.I,431; <i>--ohāraka</i> one who cuts the hair,a barber Vism.413.<i>--kambala</i> a hair blanket (according to Bdhgh human hair) D.I,167=A.I,240,295=II.206= Vin.I,305=M.I,78=Pug.55; A.I,286.<i>--kambalin</i> wearing a hair blanket (of Ajita) D.I,55.<i>--kalāpā</i> (pl.) (atimanohara°) beautiful tresses PvA.46; <i>--kalyāṇa</i> beauty of hair DhA.I,387; --kārika hairdresser Vv 17<sup>5</sup>; <i>--dhātu</i> the hair-relic (of the Buddha) J.I,81; <i>--nivāsin</i> covered only with hair of Petas (:keseh’eva paṭicchā‹-› dita-kopīnā) Pv III,1<sup>6</sup>.<i>°massu</i> hair and beard; kappita-k°-m° (adj.) with h.and b.dressed D.I,104; A.IV,94; J.VI,268.Esp.freq.in form kesa-massuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati “to shave off hair &#38; beard,dress in yellow robes and leave the home for the homeless state,” i.e.renounce the world and take up the life of a Wanderer D.I,60,115; III,60,64,76; A.I,107; III,386; It.75; Pug.57; similarly A.II,207=Pug.56.<i>--sobha</i> the splendour or beauty of the hair PvA.46.<i>--hattha</i> a tuft of hair PvA.157; VvA.167.(Page 226),4,1
  5754. 224761,en,15,kesara,kesara,Kesara,Kesara,<sup>2</sup> [fr.kesa] filament of flowers,hairy structures of plants esp.of the lotus; usually of kiñjakkha PvA.77; VvA.12; 111; -- sa-kesarehi padumapattehi lotusleaves with their hairs VvA.32; nicula-k° fibres of the Nicula tree VvA.134.<br><br> <i>--bhāra</i> a sort of fan (cp.vāladhi and cāmara) VvA.278.(Page 227),6,1
  5755. 224762,en,15,kesara,kesara,Kesara,Kesara,<sup>1</sup> a mane,in <i>--sīha</i> a maned lion J.II,244; SnA 127.(Page 227),6,1
  5756. 224817,en,15,kesarin,kesarin,Kesarin,Kesarin,[fr.kesara<sup>1</sup>] having a mane,of a lion,also name of a battle-array (°saṅgāmo) Dpvs.I,7; cp.AvŚ I.56.(Page 227),7,1
  5757. 224837,en,15,kesava,kesava,Kesava,Kesava,[fr.last] of rich hair,of beautiful hair.Ep.of King Vāsudeva (cp.kaṇha) Pv.II,6<sup>2</sup>.(Page 227),6,1
  5758. 224866,en,15,kesayati,kesayati,Kesayati,Kesayati,see kisa.(Page 227),8,1
  5759. 224876,en,15,kesika,kesika,Kesika,Kesika,(adj.) [fr.kesa] hairy,of mangoes Miln.334.(Page 227),6,1
  5760. 224928,en,15,ketaka,ketaka,Ketaka,Ketaka,[etym.uncertain] N.of a flower J.IV,482.(Page 225),6,1
  5761. 224966,en,15,ketana,ketana,Ketana,Ketana,sign etc.,see saṃ°.(Page 225),6,1
  5762. 224984,en,15,ketu,ketu,Ketu,Ketu,[Vedic ketu,<i>*(s)qait</i>,clear; cp.Lat.caelum (=*caidlom),Ohg heitar,heit; Goth.haidus; E.--hood,orig.appearance,form,like] -- 1.ray,beam of light,splendour,effulgence Th.1,64; which is a riddle on the various meanings of ketu.-- 2.flag,banner,sign,perhaps as token of splendour Th.1,64.<i>dhamma-k°</i> having the Doctrine as his banner A.I,109=III,149; <i>dhūma-k°</i> having smoke as its splendour,of fire,J.IV,26; VvA.161 in expl<sup>n</sup> of dhūmasikha.<br><br> <i>--kamyatā</i> desire for prominence,self-advertisement (perhaps vainglory,arrogance) Vism.469; Dhs.1116 (Dhs.A.trs.479),1233=Nd<sup>2</sup> 505; Nd<sup>1</sup> on Sn.829 (=uṇṇama); -- <i>mālā</i> “garland of rays” VvA.323.(Page 225),4,1
  5763. 224993,en,15,ketubha,keṭubha,Keṭubha,Keṭubha,[deriv.unknown] expl<sup>d</sup> by Buddhaghosa DA.I,247 as “the science which assists the officiating priests by laying down rules for the rites,or by leaving them to their discretion” (so Trenckner,J.P.T.S.1908,116).In short,the ritual; the kalpa as it is called as one of the vedaṅgas.Only in a stock list of the subject a learned Brahmin is supposed to have mastered D.I,88; A.I,163,166; Sn.1020; Miln.10,178.So in BSk; AvŚ II.19; Divy 619.(Page 225),7,1
  5764. 225006,en,15,ketubhin,keṭubhin,Keṭubhin,Keṭubhin,[deriv.unknown] MA 152 (on M I 32) has “trained deceivers (sikkhitā kerātikā); very deceitful,false all through”; III,6=A.III,199.(Page 225),8,1
  5765. 225032,en,15,ketum,ketuṃ,Ketuṃ,Ketuṃ,see <i>kayati</i>.(Page 225),5,1
  5766. 225063,en,15,ketuvant,ketuvant,Ketuvant,Ketuvant,(adj.) [fr.ketu] having flags,adorned with flags VvA.50.(Page 225),8,1
  5767. 225073,en,15,kevala,kevala,Kevala,Kevala,(adj.-adv.) [cp.Lat.caelebs=*caivilo-b° to live by oneself,i.e.to live in celibacy,perhaps also,Goth.hails,Ohg.heil,E.whole] expression of the concept of unity and totality:only,alone; whole,complete; adv.altogether or only -- 1.°ṃ (adv.) (a) only=just:k.tvaṃ amhākaṃ vacanaṃ karohi “do all we tell you” PvA.4; -- only=but,with this difference:VvA.203,249; -- k....vippalapati he only talks PvA.93; ‹-› and yet:“sakkā nu kiñci adatvā k.sagge nibbattituṃ? “ is it possible not to give anything,and yet go to heaven? kevalaṃ mano-pasāda-mattena only by purity of mind DhA.I,33; kevalaṃ vacchake balava-piyacittatāya simply by the strong love towards the babycalf Vism.313; (b) alone:k.araññaṃ gamissāmi VvA.260; -- exclusive Miln.247.-- na k....atha kho not only ...but also VvA.227.-- 2.whole,entire Sn.p.108; Cp.I.10<sup>19</sup>; Pv.II,6<sup>3</sup> (=sakala PvA.95); Vism.528 (=asammissa,sakala); Pv.II,6<sup>3</sup> (=sakala PvA.95).‹-› k.›akevala entire›deficient M.I,326.°ṃ entirely,thoroughly,all round:k° obhāsenti VvA.282.<br><br> <i>--kappa</i> a whole kappa Sn.pp.18,45,125; KhA 115; VvA.124,255.<i>--paripuṇṇa</i> fulfilled in its entirety (sakala DA.I,177) of the Doctrine; expl<sup>d</sup> also at Nett 10.(Page 226),6,1
  5768. 225114,en,15,kevalin,kevalin,Kevalin,Kevalin,(adj.) [fr.kevala] one who is fully accomplished,an Arahant; often with <i>mahesi</i> and <i>uttamapurisa</i>.Def<sup>n</sup> sabbaguṇa -- paripuṇṇa sabba -- yoga -- visaṃyutta SnA.153.-- ye suvimuttā te kevalino ye kevalino vaṭṭaṃ tesaṃ natthi paññâpanāya S.III,59 sq.,i.e.“those who are thoroughly emancipated,these are the accomplished ...”; kevalīnaṃ mahesiṃ khīṇ’āsavaṃ Sn.82=S.I,167; -- k.vusitavā uttamapuriso Nd<sup>2</sup> on tiṇṇa=A.V,16.-- with Gen.:brahmacariyassa k.“perfected in morality” A.II,23.-- As Ep.of “brāhmaṇa” Sn.519=Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; of dhammacakka A.II,9; see also Sn.490,595.-- <i>akevalin</i> not accomplished,not perfected Sn.878,891.(Page 226),7,1
  5769. 225124,en,15,kevatta,kevaṭṭa,Kevaṭṭa,Kevaṭṭa,[on ke- see kedāra] fisherman D.I,45 (in simile of dakkho k°) A.III,31=342,cp.IV.91; Ud.24 sq.; J.I,210; DhA.II,132; IV,41; PvA.178 (<i>°gāma</i>,in which to be reborn,is punishment,fishermen being considered outcast); cp.J.VI,399 N.of a brahmin minister,also D.I,411 N.of Kevaḍḍha (?).<br><br> <i>--dvāra</i> N.of one of the gates of Benares,and a village near by Vv 19<sup>7</sup>; VvA.97.(Page 226),7,1
  5770. 225172,en,15,keyura,keyūra,Keyūra,Keyūra,(nt.) a bracelet,bangle DhA.II,220 (v.l.kāyura).(Page 226),6,1
  5771. 225180,en,15,keyurin,keyūrin,Keyūrin,Keyūrin,(adj.) wearing a bracelet PvA.211 (=kāyūrin).(Page 226),7,1
  5772. 225187,en,15,keyya,keyya,Keyya,Keyya,(ger.of kayati) for sale J.VI,180 (=vikkiṇitabba).(Page 226),5,1
  5773. 225200,en,15,kha,kha,Kha,Kha,syllable &#38; ending,functioning also as root,meaning “void,empty” or as n.meaning “space”; expld.by Bdhgh with ref.to dukkha as “khaṃ saddo pana tucche; tucchaṃ hi ākāsaṃ khan ti vuccati” Vism.494.-- In meaning “space,sky” in cpd.<i>khaga</i> “sky-goer” (cp.viha-ga of same meaning),i.e.bird Abhp 624; Bdhd 56.(Page 230),3,1
  5774. 225227,en,15,khacita,khacita,Khacita,Khacita,[pp.of <em>khac</em> as root expl<sup>d</sup> at Dhtm.518 by “bandhana”] inlaid,adorned with,usually with jewels e.g.VvA.14,277; maṇi-muttâdi khacitā ghaṇṭā “bells inlaid with jewels,pearls,etc.” VvA.36; of a fan inlaid with ivory (danta-khacita) Vin.III,287 (Sam.Pās.).Suvaṇṇa-khacita-gajak’attharaṇā “elephants’trappings interwoven with gold” VvA.104; of a chair,inlaid with pearls J.I,41; of a canopy embroidered with golden stars J.I,57.(Page 230),7,1
  5775. 225244,en,15,khada,khāda,Khāda,Khāda,(nt.) eating,in <i>--kāraṇa</i> the reason of eating ...PvA.37.(Page 236),5,1
  5776. 225251,en,15,khada,khādā,Khādā,Khādā,(f.) food,in rāja° royal food Sn.831 (rājakhādāya puṭṭho=rājakhādanīyena rājabhojanīyena posito Nd<sup>1</sup> 171; where printed °khadāya throughout).(Page 236),5,1
  5777. 225261,en,15,khadaka,khādaka,Khādaka,Khādaka,(adj.) eating (nt.) Vism.479; eating,living on (adj.--°),an eater J.IV,307; PvA.44; lohita --maṃsa° (of Yakkhas) J.I,133,266; camma° J.I,176; gūtha° (of a Peta) PvA.266.(Page 236),7,1
  5778. 225286,en,15,khadana,khādana,Khādana,Khādana,(nt.) the act of eating (or being eaten) PvA.158.-- adj.f.khādanī the eater Dpvs 238; khādana at J.II,405 is to be read as ni° (q.v.).Cp.vi°.(Page 236),7,1
  5779. 225317,en,15,khadaniya,khādaniya,Khādaniya,Khādaniya,[grd.of khādati; also as khādanīya] hard or solid food,opp.to and freq,comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>bhojaniya</i> (q.v.).So at D.II,127; J.I,90,235; III,127; Sn.p 110; Miln.9,11.-- Also in comb<sup>n</sup> anna,pāna,kh° Sn.924; II,4<sup>9</sup>.By itself J.III,276.-- piṭṭha° pastry Vin.I,248.(Page 236),9,1
  5780. 225362,en,15,khadapana,khādāpana,Khādāpana,Khādāpana,[fr.khādāpeti] causing to be eaten (kind of punishment) Miln.197 (sunakhehi).(Page 236),9,1
  5781. 225386,en,15,khadapeti,khādāpeti,Khādāpeti,Khādāpeti,(Caus.II.of khādati] to make eat J.III,370; VI,335.(Page 236),9,1
  5782. 225417,en,15,khadati,khādati,Khādati,Khādati,[Dhtp 155 “khāda bhakkhane”; cp.Sk.khādati,cp.Gr.knw/dwn the barbed hook of a javelin,i.e.“the biter”; Lith.kándu to bite] to chew,bite,eat,devour (=Ger.fressen); to destroy.-- Pres.Dh.240; J.I,152 (sassāni); III,26; Pv.I,6<sup>3</sup> (puttāni,of a Petī); I,9<sup>4</sup>.-- kaṭṭhaṃ kh° to use a toothpick J.I,80,282,‹-› dante kh° to gnash the teeth J.I,161.-- santakaṃ kh° to consume one’s property DhsA.135.-- of beasts,e.g.Sn.201,675.-- Pot.khādeyya J.III,26.-- Imper.khāda J.I,150 (maṃsaṃ); II,128 (khādaniyaṃ); VI,367.(pūvaṃ); PvA.39,78.-- Part.pres.khādanto J.I,61; III,276.-- Fut.khādissati J.I,221; II,129.-- Aor.khādiṃsu PvA.20.-- Pass.ppr.khādiyamāna (cp.khajjati) PvA.69 (taṇhāya) (expl.of khajjamāna).‹-› Inf.khādituṃ J.I,222; II,153; DhA.IV,226.-- Ger.khāditvā J.I,266,278 (phalāni); PvA.5,32 (devour); poetical khādiyā J.V,464 (=khāditvā).-- Grd.khāditabba J.III,52,and khādaniya (q .v.).-- pp.khādita (q.v.).Cp.pali°.(Page 236),7,1
  5783. 225459,en,15,khadika,khādika,Khādika,Khādika,=khādaka,in aññamañña° S.V,456.(Page 236),7,1
  5784. 225468,en,15,khadin,khādin,Khādin,Khādin,f.khādinī=khādaka PvA.31.(Page 236),6,1
  5785. 225476,en,15,khadira,khadira,Khadira,Khadira,[Sk.khadira; Gr.kiζsaros,ivy; Lat.hedera,ivy] the tree Acacia catechu,in cpds.<i>--avārā</i> (pl.) embers of (burnt) acacia-wood J.I,232; PvA.152; <i>--ghaṭikā</i> a piece of a.-wood J.IV,88; <i>--tthambha</i> a post of a.-wood DhA.III,206; <i>--patta</i> a bowl made of a.-wood J.V,389; <i>--vana</i> a forest of acacias J.II,162; <i>--sūla</i> an impaling stake of a.-wood J.IV,29.(Page 232),7,1
  5786. 225587,en,15,khadita,khādita,Khādita,Khādita,(adj.) [pp.med. &#38; pass.of khādati] eaten,or having eaten,eaten up,consumed J.I,223; II,154; PvA.5.-- A twin form of <i>khādita</i> is <i>khāyita</i>,formed prob.on analogy of <i>sāyita</i>,with which freq.combined (cp.,however,Trenckner P.M.57),e.g.Pug.59; Vism.258; PvA.25.Used as the poetical form Pv.I,12<sup>11</sup> (expl.PvA.158=khādita).-- Der.<i>khāditatta</i> (nt.) the fact of being eaten J.I,176.<br><br> -- <i>ṭṭhāna</i> the eating place,place of feeding J.V,447.(Page 236),7,1
  5787. 225697,en,15,khagga,khagga,Khagga,Khagga,[Sk.khaḍga; perhaps to Lat.clades and gladius; cp.also kūṭa<sup>3</sup>] 1.a sword (often with <i>dhanu</i>,bow) at D.I,7 (Dh.I,89=asi) as one of the forbidden articles of ornament (cp.BSk.khaḍga-maṇi Divy 147,one of the royal insignia); -- khaggaṃ bhandati to gird on one’s sword PvA.154,khaggaṃ sannayhati id.DhA.III,75; <i>°gāhaka</i> a sword-bearer Miln.114; <i>°tala</i> sword-blade Mhvs 25,90.-- 2.a rhinoceros J.V,406 (=gavaja),416; VI,277 (°miga),538.In cpd.<i>°visāṇā</i> (cp.BSk.khaḍgaviṣāṇa Divy 294=Sn.36) the horn of a rh.(:khagga-visāṇaṃ nāma khagga-miga-singaṃ SnA 65) Sn.35 sq.(N.of Sutta); Nd<sup>2</sup> 217 (khagga-visāṇa-kappa “like the horn of the rh.” Ep.of a Paccekabuddha,(cp.Divy 294,582),also at Vism.234.(Page 230),6,1
  5788. 225764,en,15,khahinti,khāhinti,Khāhinti,Khāhinti,at Th.2,509 is to be read kāhinti (=karissanti ThA.293).(Page 236),8,1
  5789. 225780,en,15,khajja,khajja,Khajja,Khajja,(adj.-nt.) [grd.of khajjati] to be eaten or chewed,eatable,solid food,usually in cpd.<i>--bhojja</i> solid and other food,divided into 4 kinds,viz.asita,pīta,khāyita,sāyita Pv.I,5<sup>2</sup> (=PvA.25) J.I,58; Miln.2.<i>--bhājaka</i> a distributor of food (an office falling to the lot of a senior bhikkhu) Vin.II,176 (=V.204); IV,38,155.(Page 231),6,1
  5790. 225806,en,15,khajjaka,khajjaka,Khajjaka,Khajjaka,(adj.) [fr.last] eatable,i.e.solid food (as °bhojjanāni opposed to yāgu PvA.23); (nt.) J.I,186 (of 18 kinds,opp.yāgu); I,235 (id.); Miln.294.--°bhājaka= prec.(Page 231),8,1
  5791. 225856,en,15,khajjara,khajjara,Khajjara,Khajjara,caterpillar Pgdp 48.(Page 231),8,1
  5792. 225872,en,15,khajjati,khajjati,Khajjati,Khajjati,(=khādiyati,Pass.of khādati; Dhtm 93 bhakkhaṇa) 1.to be eaten,chewed,eaten up,as by animals:upacikāhi Vin.II,113; suṇakhehi Pv III,7<sup>8</sup>; puḷavehi J.III,177; cp.Pv IV.5<sup>2</sup> (cut in two) -- 2.to be itchy,to be irritated by itch (cp.E.“itch”=Intens.of “eat”) J.V,198 (kh° kanduvāyati); Pv.II,3<sup>9</sup> (kacchuyā kh°) -- 3.to be devoured (fig.),to be consumed,to be a victim of:kāmataṇhāhi M.I.504; rūpena S.III,87,88 (khajjanīya-pariyāya,quoted Vism.479).‹-› ppr.<i>khajjamāna</i> Pv.II,1<sup>5</sup> (consumed by hunger &#38; thirst).(Page 231),8,1
  5793. 225895,en,15,khajjopanaka,khajjopanaka,Khajjopanaka,Khajjopanaka,[cp.Sk.khadyota] the fire-fly M.II,34=41; J.II,415; VI,330,441; DhA.III,178; also <i>khajjūpanaka</i> Vism.412 (in simile).See Trenckner J.P.T.S.1908,59 &#38; 79.(Page 231),12,1
  5794. 225998,en,15,khala,khala,Khala,Khala,[cp.Sk.khala] 1.corn ready for threshing,the threshing floor Nd<sup>2</sup> 587; Vism.120; DA.I,203 (khalaṃ sodheti).-- 2.threshing,mash,in ekamaṃsa-khalaṃ karoti “to reduce to one mash of flesh” D.I,52=M.I,377 (+maṃsa-puñja; DA.I,160=maṃsa-rāsi).<br><br> <i>--agga</i> the best corn for threshing DhA.I,98; IV,98; <i>--kāla</i> the time for threshing DhA.IV,98; <i>--bhaṇḍ’agga</i> the best agricultural implement for threshing DhA.I,98; IV,98; <i>--bhaṇḍa-kāla</i> the time for the application of the latter DhA.IV,98; <i>--maṇḍala</i> a threshing-floor Vism.123; DhA.I,266 (°matta,as large as ...).(Page 235),5,1
  5795. 226039,en,15,khalanka,khalaṅka,Khalaṅka,Khalaṅka,in --<i>pāda</i> at J.VI,3 should probably be read kalaṅka° (q.v.).(Page 235),8,1
  5796. 226048,en,15,khalati,khalati,Khalati,Khalati,[Dhtp 260:kampane; Dhtm 375:sañcalane; cp.Sk.skhalati,cp.Gr.sfaλlw to bring to fall,to fail] to stumble; ger.khalitvā Th.1,45; Miln.187; pp.khalita q.v.Cp.upa°,pa°.(Page 235),7,1
  5797. 226065,en,15,khaleti,khaleti,Khaleti,Khaleti,[Sk.kṣālayati of kṣal?] lit.to wash (cp.pakkhāleti),slang for “to treat badly,” “to give a rubbing” or thrashing (exact meaning problematic); only at J.IV,205=382:gale gahetvā khalayātha jammaṃ “take the rascal by the throat and thrash him” (Com.khalayātha khalīkāraṃ (i.e.a “rub,” kind of punishment) pāpetvā niddhamatha=give him a thrashing &#38; throw him out.v.l.at both passages is galayātha).(Page 235),7,1
  5798. 226067,en,15,khaleti,khāleti,Khāleti,Khāleti,Caus.of khalati:see khaleti &#38; vikkhāleti.(Page 236),7,1
  5799. 226082,en,15,khali,khali,Khali,Khali,a paste Vin.II,321 (:Bdhgh.on C.V,VI,3,1 for madda).(Page 235),5,1
  5800. 226094,en,15,khalika,khalika,Khalika,Khalika,(or khalikā f.) a dice-board,in khalikāya kīḷanti to play at dice (see illustr.in Rh.D.Buddh.India p.77) Vin.II,10; cp.D.I,6 (in enum<sup>n</sup> of various amusements; expl.at DA.I,85 by jūta-khalika pāsaka-kīḷanaṃ).See also kali.(Page 235),7,1
  5801. 226127,en,15,khalita,khalita,Khalita,Khalita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.med.of khalati,cp.Dhtp 611; Dhtm 406 khala=soceyye] (adj. &#38; n.) 1.faltering,stumbling,wrong-doing,failure A.I,198; Nd<sup>1</sup> 300; Th.2,261; DhA.III,196 (of the voice; ThA.211=pakkhalita); J.I,78; Miln.94,408.-- 2.disturbed,treated badly J.VI,375.-- akhalita undisturbed Th.1,512.(Page 235),7,1
  5802. 226128,en,15,khalita,khalita,Khalita,Khalita,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.khalati=Lat.calvus,bald; cp.khallāṭa] bald-headed A.I,138 (+vilūna); Th.2,255 (=vilūnakesa ThA.210).(Page 235),7,1
  5803. 226174,en,15,khallaka,khallaka,Khallaka,Khallaka,in baddhā upāhanāyo shoes with heel-coverings (?) Vin.I,186 (see Bdhgh.note on it Vin Texts II.15).‹-› Also as khalla-baddhâdibhedaṃ upāhanaṃ at PvA.127 in expl<sup>n</sup> of upāhana.Kern (Toev.s.v.) sees in it a kind of stuff or material.(Page 235),8,1
  5804. 226183,en,15,khallata,khallāṭa,Khallāṭa,Khallāṭa,[Sk.khalvāta,cp.khalita] bald,in --sīsa a bald head DhA.I,309.Der.khallātiya baldness,in khallātiyapetī the bald-headed Petī PvA.46 (where spelled khalātiya) and 67.(Page 235),8,1
  5805. 226202,en,15,khallika,khallika,Khallika,Khallika,only at S.V,421; cp.S.IV,330 (Dhammacakka-p-Sutta).It is a misreading.Read with Oldenberg,Vin.I,10,kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyoga (devotion to the passions,to the pleasures of sense).See kāmasukha and allika.(Page 235),8,1
  5806. 226220,en,15,khalopi,khaḷopī,Khaḷopī,Khaḷopī,[and khalopi,also kalopī,q.v.Cp.Trenckner Notes,p.60,possibly=karoṭi] a pot,usually with kumbhī:D.I,167 (--mukha+kumbhi-mukha); Pug.55; Miln.107.(Page 235),7,1
  5807. 226228,en,15,khalu,khalu,Khalu,Khalu,[indecl.,usually contracted to kho,q.v.] either positive:indeed,surely,truly D.I,87; Sn.p.103; J.IV,391 (as khaḷu); Mhvs VII.17; or negative:indeed not Vism.60 (=paṭisedhan’atthe nipāto).--pacchābhattika (adj.)=na p°:a person who refuses food offered to him after the normal time Vin.V,131=193; Pug.69; Vism.61.See Com.quot.by Childers,p.310.(Page 235),5,1
  5808. 226248,en,15,khalunka,khaluṅka,Khaluṅka,Khaluṅka,[adj.fr.khala in caus.sense of khaleti,to shake.In formation=khalaṅga›khalaṅka›khaluṅka,cp.kulūpaka for kulūpaga] only appl<sup>d</sup> to a horse= shaking,a shaker,racer (esp.as java A.I,287),fig.of purisa at Aṅguttara passages.Described as bold and hard to manage A.IV,190 sq.; as a horse which cannot be trusted and is inferior to an ājānīya (a thoroughbred) A.V,166.Three kinds at A.I,287 sq.=IV.397 sq.In expl.of vaḷavā (mare) at J.I,180=sindhavakule ajāto khaluṅk’asso; as vaḷavā khaḷuṅkā J.I,184.-- Der.khaluṅkatā in a°,not shaking,steadiness VvA.278.(Page 235),8,1
  5809. 226284,en,15,khama,khama,Khama,Khama,(adj.) [fr.<em>kṣam</em>] (a) patient,forgiving.(b) enduring,bearing,hardened to (frost &#38; heat,e.g.),fit for.-- (a) kh.belongs to the lovable attributes of a bhikkhu (kh.rūpānaṃ,saddānaṃ,etc.; indulgent as regards sights,sounds,etc.) A.III,113=138; the same applied to the king’s horse A.III,282.Khamā paṭipadā the way of gentleness (and opp.akkhamā),viz.akkosantaṃ na paccakosati “not to shout back at him who shouts at you” A.II,152 sq.; cp.Nett 77; classified under the four paṭipadā at D.III,229.In combn.w.vacana of meek,gentle speech,in vattā vacana° a speaker of good &#38; meek words S.I,63; II,282; Miln.380; cp.suvaco khamo A.V,24 sq.,forgiving:Miln.207.‹-› (b) khamo sītassa uṇhassa,etc.,enduring frost &#38; heat A.III,389=V.132; addhāna° padhāna° (fit for) A.III,30; ranga°,anuyoga°,vimajjana° M.I,385.-- <i>akkhama</i> (adj.) impatient,intolerant,in comb<sup>n</sup> dubbaca dovacassa karaṇehi dhammehi samannāgata S.II,204 sq.= A.II,147 sq.With ref.to rūpa,saddā,etc.(see also above),of an elephant A.III,156 sq.-- D.III,229; Sdhp.95.(Page 234),5,1
  5810. 226295,en,15,khama,khamā,Khamā,Khamā,(f.) [fr.<em>ksam</em>] (a) patience,endurance.(b) the earth (cp.chamā &#38; see khamati) J.IV,8 (v.l.B.chamāya).(Page 234),5,1
  5811. 226317,en,15,khamana,khamana,Khamana,Khamana,(nt.) long-suffering Miln.351; bearing,suffering Sdhp.202; and a° intolerance Bdhd 24.(Page 234),7,1
  5812. 226335,en,15,khamanata,khamanatā,Khamanatā,Khamanatā,(f.) forbearance and a° intolerance,harshness both as syn.of khanti &#38; akkhanti Dhs.1342,Vbh.360.(Page 234),9,1
  5813. 226375,en,15,khamapana,khamāpanā,Khamāpanā,Khamāpanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.khamāpeti,Caus.of khamati] asking for pardon J.IV,389.(Page 234),9,1
  5814. 226475,en,15,khamati,khamati,Khamati,Khamati,[Dhtp 218:sahane,cp.Sk.kṣamate,perhaps to Lat.humus,cp.Sk.<em>kṣāh</em>,kṣāman soil; Gr.xqw/n,xamai] 1.to be patient,to endure,to forgive (Acc.of object and Gen.of person):n’âhaṃ bhayā khamāmi Vepacittino (not do I forgive V.out of fear) S.I,221,222; aparādhaṃ kh.to forgive a fault J.III,394.khamatha forgive DhA.II,254; khamatha me pardon me Miln.13; DhA.I,40.-- 2.(impers.) to be fit,to seem good; esp.in phrase yathā te khameyya “as may seem good to you; if you please” D.I,60,108; M.I,487.sabbaṃ me na khamati “I do not approve of” M.I,497 sq.; na khamati “it is not right” D.II,67.-- 3.to be fit for,to indulge in,to approve of,in nijjhānaṃ khamanti M.I,133,480; cp.diṭṭhi-nijjhāna-kkhanti M.I,480 &#38; A.I,189.-- ppr.med.<i>khamamāna</i> Vin.I,281 (uppaḍḍhakāsinaṃ kh°) fit for,allowing of,worth,cp.Bdhgh.note Vin Texts I.195.-- grd.<i>khamanīya</i> to be allayed,becoming better (of a disease) Vin.I,204; D.II,99.-- caus.<i>khamāpeti</i> to pacify,to ask one’s pardon,to apologize (to=Acc.) J.I,267; PvA.123,195; DhA.I,38,39; II,75,254.-- to ask permission or leave (i.e.to say good-bye) DhA.I,14.(Page 234),7,1
  5815. 226495,en,15,khambha,khambha,Khambha,Khambha,[Sk.khambha &#38; sthambha] 1.prop,support,in <i>°kata</i> “making a prop,” i.e.with his arms akimbo Vin.II,213=IV.188.-- 2.obstruction,stiffening,paraly‹-› sis,in ūru° “stiffening of the thigh” M.I,237 (through pain); J.V,23 (through fear).See also chambheti &#38; thambha.(Page 234),7,1
  5816. 226523,en,15,khambheti,khambheti,Khambheti,Khambheti,[Caus.fr.prec.-- Sk.<em>skambh</em>,skabhnāti] 1.to prop,to support Th.2,28 (but expl.at ThA.35 by vi°,obstruct) -- 2.to obstruct,to put out,in pp.khambhita (=vi°) Nd<sup>2</sup> 220,where it explains khitta.‹-› ger.khambhiya:see vi°.(Page 235),9,1
  5817. 226585,en,15,khana,khaṇa,Khaṇa,Khaṇa,<sup>2</sup> [fr.<em>khaṇ</em>] digging J.II,296.Cp.atikhaṇa.(Page 231),5,1
  5818. 226586,en,15,khana,khaṇa,Khaṇa,Khaṇa,<sup>1</sup> (m.) [Derivation unknown.It has been suggested that khaṇa and the Sk.kshaṇa are derived from īkshaṇa (seeing) by process of contraction.This seems very forced; and both words are,in all probability,other than the word from which this hypothesis would derive them.] 1.(1) a (short),moment,wink of time; in phrase khaṇen’eva “in no time” PvA.38.117; Sdhp.584 (etc.).Sdhp.584; khaṇo ve mā upaccagā “let not the slightest time be wasted” Sn.333=Dh.315; cf.Th.II.5 (cp.khaṇâtīta); n’atthi so kh° vā layo vā muhutto vā yaṃ (nadī) āramati “there is no moment,no inkling,no particle of time that the river stops flowing” A.IV,137 (as simile of eternal flow of happening,of unbroken continuity of change); Vism.238 (jīvita°),473; (khaṇa-vasena uppād’‹-› ādi-khaṇa-ttaya,viz.uppāda,ṭhiti,bhaṅga,cp.p.431); J.IV,128; aṭṭha-kkhaṇa-vinimmutto kh° paramadullabho:one opportunity out of eight,very difficult to be obtained Sdhp.4,16; cp.45,46.-- 2.moment as coincidence of two events:“at the same moment,” esp.in phrase <i>taṃ khaṇaṃ yeva</i> “all at once,” simultaneously,with which syn.ṭhānaso J.I,167,253; III,276,PvA.19; PvA.27,35; tasmiṃ khaṇe J.II,154; PvA.67; Sdhp.17.‹-› 3.the moment as something expected or appointed (cp.kairόs),therefore the right moment,or the proper time.So with ref.to birth,rebirth,fruit of action,attainment of Arahantship,presence on earth of a Buddha,etc.,in cpds.:cuti-kkhaṇo Bdhd 106; paṭisandhi° Ps.II,72 sq.; Bdhd 59,77,78; uppatti° Vbh.411 sq.; sotāpattimagga° Ps.II,3; phala° Ps.I,26,Bdhd 80; nikanti° Ps.II,72 sq.; upacāra° Bdhd 94; citta° id.38,95.--khaṇe khaṇe from time to time Dh.239 (=okāse okāse DhA.III,340,but cp.Comp.161,n.5),Buddhuppāda°,Th.II,A,12.<i>akkhaṇa</i> see sep.Also akkhaṇavedhin.<i>--akkhaṇe</i> at the wrong time,in‹-› opportune Pv IV.1<sup>40</sup> (=akāle).On kh.laya,muhutta cp.Points of Contr.296,n.5.<br><br> <i>--âtīta</i> having missed the opportunity Sn.333=Dh.315 (=DhA.III,489); <i>--ññū</i> knowing,realizing the opportunity Sn.325 (cp.SnA 333).<i>--paccuppanna</i> arisen at the moment or momentarily Vism.431 (one of the 3 kinds of paccuppanna:kh°.,santati°,addhā°).<i>--paritta</i> small as a moment Vism.238.(Page 231),5,1
  5819. 226642,en,15,khanana,khaṇana,Khaṇana,Khaṇana,(nt.) [fr.<em>khaṇ</em>] digging Miln.351 (pokkharaṇi°).(Page 231),7,1
  5820. 226763,en,15,khanati,khaṇati,Khaṇati,Khaṇati,[fr.<em>khan</em> or khaṇ; Dhtp 179:anadāraṇe] 1.to dig (? better “destroy”; cp.Kern Toev.s.v.),dig out.uproot Dh.247,337; Sn.p.101; J.II,295; IV,371,373:Sdhp.394.Also <i>khanati</i> &#38; cp.<i>abhikkhaṇati</i>,palikkhaṇati.-- 2.[=Sk.kṣanati] to destroy Vin.II,26 (attānaṃ); M.I,132 (id.).-- pp.<i>khata </i>&<i> khāta</i> (cp.palikkhata).(Page 231),7,1
  5821. 226771,en,15,khanati,khanati,Khanati,Khanati,see khaṇati.(Page 232),7,1
  5822. 226823,en,15,khanda,khaṇḍa,Khaṇḍa,Khaṇḍa,[freq.spelt kaṇḍa (q.v.).Cp.Sk.khaṇḍa; expl<sup>d</sup> at Dhtp 105 as “chedana”] 1.(adj.) broken,usually of teeth; Th.2,260 (=ThA.211); Miln.342; Vism.51.‹-› 2.(m.nt.) a broken piece,a bit,camma° a strip of hide Vin.II,122; coḷa° a bit of cloth PvA.70; pilotika° bits of rags PvA.171; pūva° a bit of cake J.III,276; -- <i>akhaṇḍa</i> unbroken,entire,whole,in <i>--kārin</i> (sikkhāya) fulfilling or practising the whole of (the commandments) Pv IV.3<sup>43</sup> and <i>°sīla</i> observing fully the sīla-precepts Vv 113; cp.Vism.51 &#38; Bdhd 89.<br><br> <i>--âkhaṇḍa</i> (redupl.-iter.formation with distributive function) piece by piece,nothing but pieces,broken up into bits Vism.115.<i>--âkhaṇḍika</i> piece by piece,consisting of nothing but bits,in <i>kh °ṃ chindati</i> to break up into fragments A.I,204 (of māluvālatā); II,199 (of thūṇā); S.II,88 (of rukkha); cp.Vin.III,43 (dārūni °ṃ chedāpetvā); J.V,231 (°ṃ katvā).<i>--danta</i> having broken teeth,as sign of old age in phrase kh° palitakesa,etc.“with broken teeth and grey hair” A.I,138 and ≈; J.I,59,79 (id.).<i>--phulla</i> [Bdhgh on Vin.II,160; khaṇḍa =bhinn’okāso,phulla=phalit’okāso.] broken and shattered portions; °ṃ paṭisaṅkharoti to repair dilapidations Vin.II,160 (=navakammaṃ karoti) 286; III,287; A.III,263; cp.same expression at Divy 22.<i>a°</i> unbroken and unimpaired fig.of sīla,the rule of conduct in its entirety,with nothing detracted Vv 83<sup>16</sup>=Pv IV.1<sup>76</sup> (cp.akhaṇḍasīla)=DhA.I,32.(Page 231),6,1
  5823. 226967,en,15,khandati,khaṇḍati,Khaṇḍati,Khaṇḍati,to break,DhA.IV,14; pp.<i>khaṇḍita</i> broken,PvA.158 (-kaṇṇo=chinnakaṇṇo).(Page 231),8,1
  5824. 226970,en,15,khandati,khandati,Khandati,Khandati,[skand] to jump,only in cpd.pakkhandati; given as root khand at Dhtm 196 with meaning “pakkhandana.” (Page 232),8,1
  5825. 226993,en,15,khandeti,khaṇḍeti,Khaṇḍeti,Khaṇḍeti,[v.denom.fr.khaṇḍa] to renounce,to remit,in vetanaṃ °etvā J.III,188.(Page 231),8,1
  5826. 227016,en,15,khandha,khandha,Khandha,Khandha,[Sk.skandha] -- I.Crude meaning:bulk,massiveness (gross) substance.A.esp.used (a) of an elephant:the bulk of the body,i.e.its back S.I,95; vāraṇassa J.III,392; hatthi-khandha-vara-gata on the back of the state elephant J.I,325; PvA.75.Also with ref.to an elephant (hatthināga) sañjāta° “to whom has grown bulk=a large back” Sn.53,expl.SnA 103 by susaṇṭhitakkhandho “well endowed with bulk.” ‹-› (b) of a person:the shoulder or back:naṅgalaṃ khan‹-› dhe karitvā S.I,115 appl.to Māra; Vism.100; DhA.IV,168 (ohita°-bhāra the load lifted off his shoulder).‹-› -- (c) of a tree:the trunk.rukkhassa PvA.114,also as <i>rukkha°</i> J.I,324; tāla° the stem of a palm PvA.56; nigrodhassa khandhaja (see cpds.) S.I,207=Sn.272; mūlaṃ <i>atikkamma kh° ṃ sāraṃ pariyesitabbaṃ</i> “one must go beyond the root and search the trunk for sweetness” S.IV,94.-- (d) as t.t.in exegetical literature:section,chapter,lit.material as collected into uniform bulk; freq.in postscripts to Texts and Commentaries.See also khandhaka.-- B.More general as denoting bulk (-°); e.g.aggi° a great mass of fire M.II,34,41; J.IV,139; udaka° a mass of water (i.e.ocean) A.III,336; S.IV,179; J.I,324; PvA.62; puñña° a great accumulation of merit A.III,336=S.V,400; bhoga° a store of wealth A.V,84; J.I,6; maṇi° an extraordinarily large jewel (possessing magic power) J.II,102 sq.-<br><br> II.Applied meaning.--A.(-°) the body of,a collection of,mass,or parts of; in collective sense “all that is comprised under”; forming the substance of.‹-› (a) <i>dukkha°</i> all that is comprised under “dukkha,” all that goes to make up or forms the substance,the idea of “ill.” Most prominent in phrase kevalassa dukkhakhandhassa samudaya and nirodha (the origin &#38; destruction of all that is suffering) with ref.to the paṭiccasamuppāda,the chain of causal existence (q.v.) Vin.I,1; S.II,95; III,14; A.I,177; V,184 &#38; passim.Similarly:samudaya Vbh.135 sq.nirodha Nett 64; antakiriyā A.I,147; vyādhimaraṇatunnānaṃ dukkhakkhandhaṃ vyapānudi Th.2,162.-- (b) <i>lobha°</i> dosa° moha° the three ingredients or integrations of greed,suffering and bewilderment,lit.“the big bulk or mass of greed” (see also under padāleti),S.V,88 (nibbijjhati through the satta bojjhaṅgā).-- (c) <i>vayo°</i> a division of age,part of age,as threefold:purima°,majjhima°,pacchima° Nd<sup>2</sup> in def.of sadā.-- (d) <i>sīla</i> (etc.) kh° the 3 (or 5) groups or parts which constitute the factors of right living (dhamma),viz.(1) sīla° the group dealing with the practice of morality; (2) samādhi° that dealing with the development of concentration; (3) paññā° that dealing with the development of true wisdom.They are also known under the terms of sīla-sampadā,citta°,paññā° D.I,172 sq.; see sīla.-- D.I,206; Nett 64 sq.; 126.tīhi dhammehi samannāgato “possessed of the three qualities,” viz.sīla-kkhandhesu,etc.It.51; cp.A.I,291; V,326.tīhi khandhehi ...aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅgahito M.I,301; sīlakkhandhaṃ,etc.paripūreti “to fulfil the sīla-group” A.I,125; II,20,III,15 sq.These 3 are completed to a set of 5 by (4) vimutti° the group dealing with the attainment of emancipation and (5) vimutti-ñāṇa-dassana °the group dealing with the realization of the achievement of emancipation.As 1--4 only at D.III,229 (misprint puñña for paññā); cp.A.I,125.As 5 at S.I,99=A.I,162; S.V,162; A.III,134,271; V,16 (all Loc.=S.I,99); It.107,108; Nd<sup>2</sup> under sīla.<br><br> B.(absolute) in individual sense:constituent element,factor,substantiality.More especially as <i>khandhā</i> (pl.) the elements or substrata of sensory existence,sensorial aggregates which condition the appearance of life in any form.Their character according to quality and value of life and body is evanescent,fraught with ills &#38; leading to rebirth.Paraphrased by Bdhgh.as rāsi,heap,e.g.Asl.141; Vibh A 1 f.; cf.B.Psy.42.1.Unspecified.They are usually enumerated in the foll.stereotyped set of 5:<i>rūpa°</i> (material qualities),<i>vedanā</i> (feeling),<i>saññā</i> (perception),<i>saṅkhārā</i> (coefficients of consciousness),<i>viññāṇa</i> (consciousness).For further ref.see rūpa; cp.also Mrs.Rh.D.Dhs.trsl.pp.40--56.They are enumerated in a different order at S.I,112,viz.rūpaṃ vedayitaṃ saññaṃ viññāṇaṃ yañ ca saṅkhataṃ n’eso ‘ham asmi.Detailed discussions as to their nature see e.g.S.III,101 (=Vbh.1--61); S.III,47; III,86.As being comprised in each of the dhātus,viz.<i>kăma°</i> rūpa° arūpa-dhātu Vbh.404 sq.<br><br> (a) As factors of existence (cp.bhava).Their rôle as such is illustrated by the famous simile:“yathā hi aṅgasambhārā hoti saddo ratho iti evaṃ khandhesu santesu hoti satto ti sammuti” “just as it is by the condition precedent of the co-existence of its various parts,that the word “chariot” is used,just so it is that when the skandhas are there,we talk of a “being” “ (Rh.D.) (cp.Hardy,Man.Buddh.p.425) S.I,135=Miln.28.Their connotation “khandha” is discussed at S.III,101 =M.III,16:“kittāvatā nu kho khandhānaṃ khandhâdhivacanaṃ? rūpaṃ (etc.) atītânāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ,” etc.:i.e.material qualities are equivalent terms for the kh.What causes the manifestation of each kh.? cattāro mahābhūtā ...paccayo rūpa-khandhassa paññāpanāya; phasso ...vedana°,saññā°,saṅkhārā°,etc.; nāmarūpaṃ ...viññāṇa°:the material elements are the cause of rūpa,touch is that of vedanā,saññā,saṅkhārā,name and shape that of viññāṇa (S.III,101); cp.M.I,138 sq.,234 sq.On the same principle rests their division in:rūpa-kāyo rūpakkhandho nāmakāyo cattāro arūpino khandhā “the material body forms the material factor (of existence),the individualized body the 4 immaterial factors” Nett 41; the rūpakkhandha only is kāmadhātu-pariyāpanno:Vbh.409; the 4 arūpino kh° discussed at Ps.II,74,also at Vbh.230,407 sq.(grouped with what is apariyāpanna) -- Being the “substantial” factors of existence,birth &#38; death depend on the khandhas.They appear in every new conjuncture of individuality concerning their function in this paṭisandhi-kkhaṇe; see Ps.II,72--76.Thus the var.phases of life in transmigration are defined as -- (<i>jāti:</i>) ya tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi satta-nikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.1052; cp.jāti dvīhi khandhehi saṅgahitā ti VvA.29; khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo jāti S.II,3; Nett 29; khandhānaṃ nibbatti jāti Vism.199.-- (<i>maraṇaṃ:</i>) yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ ...cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kalevarassa nikkhepo M.I,49=Vbh.137=S.II,3,42.-- vivaṭṭa-kkhandha (adj.) one whose khandhas have revolved (passed away),i.e.dead S.I,121=III,123.-- kh°anaṃ udaya-vyaya (or udayabbaya) the rising and passing of the kh.,transmigration Dh.374=Th.1,23,379=It.120=KhA 82; Ps.I,54 sq.-- (b) Their relation to attachment and craving (kāma):sattisūlûpamā kāmā khandhānaṃ adhikuṭṭanā S.I,128=Th.2,58,141 (ThA.65:natthi tesaṃ adhik°?); craving is their cause &#38; soil:hetupaṭicca sambhūtā kh.S.I,134; the 4 arūpino kh.are based on lobha,dosa,moha Vbh.208.-- (c) their annihilation:the kh.remain as long as the knowledge of their true character is not attained,i.e.of their cause &#38; removal:yaṃ rūpaṃ,etc....n’etaṃ mama n’eso ‘haṃ asmi na m’eso attā ti; evaṃ etaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passati; evaṃ kho jānato passato ...ahaṅkāramamaṅkāra-mānânusayā na hontī ti S.III,103; --pañca-kkhandhe pariññāya S.III,83; pañca-kkhandhā pariññātā tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā Th.2,106.See also S.I,134.-- (d) their relation to dhātu (the physical elements) and āyatana (the elements of sense-perception) is close,since they are all dependent on sensory experience.The 5 khandhas are frequently mentioned with the 18 dhātuyo &#38; the 12 āyatanāni:khandhā ca dh° cha ca āyatanā ime hetuṃ paṭicca sambhūtā hetubhaṅgā nirujjhare S.I,134; kh°-dh°-āyatanaṃ saṅkhataṃ jātimūlaṃ Th.2,472; dhammaṃ adesesi khandh’‹-› āyatana-dhātuyo Th.2,43 (cp.ThA.49).Enumerated under sabba-dhammā Ps.I,101=II.230; under dhammā (states) Dhs.121,as lokuttara-kkhandhā,etc.Dhs.358,528,552.-- khandhānaṃ khandhaṭṭho abhiññeyyo,dhātūnaṃ dhātuṭṭho,etc.Ps.I,17; cp.I.132; II,121,157.In def.of kāmâvacarā bhūmi Ps.I,83.In def.of dukkha and its recognition Nett 57.In def.of arahanto khīṇāsavā Nd<sup>2</sup> on saṅkhāta-dhammā (“kh.saṅkhātā,” etc.),on tiṇṇa (“khandha- (etc.) pariyante thitā”), &#38; passim.-- (e) their valuation &#38; their bearing on the “soul”--conception is described in the terms of na mama (na tumhākaṃ),anattā,aniccaṃ and dukkhaṃ (cp.upādānakkh° infra and rūpa) rūpaṃ (etc.) ...aniccaṃ,dukkhaṃ,n’eso’’ham asmi,n’eso me attā “material qualities (etc.kh.2--5) are evanescent,bad,I am not this body,this body is not my soul” Vin.I,14=S.IV,382.n’eso’’ham asmi na m’eso attā S.I,112; III,103,130 &#38; passim; cp.kāyo na tumhākaṃ (anattā rūpaṃ) S.II,65; Nd<sup>2</sup> 680; and rūpaṃ na tumhākaṃ S.III,33 M.I,140=Nd<sup>2</sup> 680.-- rūpaṃ,etc.as anattā:Vin.I,13; S.III,78,132--134; A.I,284= II.171; 202; cp.S.III,101; Vin.I,14.-- as aniccaṃ:S.III,41,52,102,122,132 sq.,181 sq.,195 sq.,202--224,227; A.IV,147 (aniccânupassī dukkhânupassī); anicca dukkha roga,etc.,Ps.II,238 sq.; Vbh.324.-- 2.Specified as <i>panc’upādāna-kkhandhā</i> the factors of the fivefold clinging to existence.Defined &#38; discussed in detail (rūpûpadāna-kkhandha,etc.) S.III,47; 86--88; also Vin.I,10; S.III,127 sq.Specified S.III,58 III,100=M.III,16; S.III,114,158 sq.; V,52,60; A.IV,458; Vism.443 sq.(in ch.xiv:Khandha-niddesa),611 sq.(judged aniccato,etc.).-- Mentioned as a set exemplifying the number 5:Kh III,; Ps.I,22,122.Enumerated in var.connections S.I,112; D.III,233; M.I,190; A.V,52; Kh IV.(expl<sup>d</sup> KhA 82=A.V,52); Miln.12 (var.references concerning the discussion of the kh.in the Abhidhamma).-- What is said of the khandhas alone-see above 1 (a)--(e)--is equally applied to them in connection with <i>upādāna</i>.‹-› (a) As regards their origin they are characterized as chandamūlakā “rooted in desire,or in wilful desire” S.III,100; cp.yo kho ...pañcas’upādānakkhandhesu chandarāgo taṃ tattha upādānaṃ ti M.I,300,511.Therefore the foll.attributes are characteristic:kummo pañcann’etaṃ upād° ānaṃ adhivacanaṃ M.I,144; bhārā have pañcakkh°ā S.III,26; pañcavadhakā paccatthikā pañcann’...adhivacanaṃ S.IV,174; pañc’upād° ...sakkāyo vutto M.I,299= S.IV,259.-- (b) their contemplation leads to the recognition of their character as dukkha,anicca,anattā:na kiñci attānaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu S.III,128; rogato,etc....manasikātabbā pañc° S.III,167; pañcasu upād°esu aniccânupassī “realizing the evanescence in the 5 aggregates of attachment” A.V,109; same with udayavyayânupassī S.III,130; A.II,45,90; III,32; IV,153; and dhammânupassī M.I,61.Out of which realization follows their gradual destruction:pañc’...khandhānaṃ samudayo atthaṅgamo assādo,etc.S.III,31,160 sq.; A.II,45,90; IV,153; Nd<sup>2</sup> under saṅkhārā.That they occupy a prominent position as determinants of dukkha is evident from their rôle in the exposition of dukkha as the first one of the noble truths:saṅkhittena pañc’upādānakkhandhā pi dukkhā “in short,the 5 kh.are associated with pain” Vin.I,10=M.I,48=A.I,177=S.V,421; Ps.I,37,39; Vbh.101 &#38; passim; cp.katamaṃ dukkham ariyasaccaṃ? pañc’upād° ā tissa vacanīyaṃ,seyyathīdaṃ ...S.III,158=V.425; khandhādisā dukkhā Dh.202 ( &#38; expl.DhA.III,261).-- 3.Separately mentioned:khandhā as tayo arūpino kh° (ved°,sañña°,saṅkh°) DhA.I,22; viññāṇa-kh° (the skandha of discriminative consciousness) in Def.of manas:manindriyaṃ viññāṇaṃ viññ°-khandho tajjā manoviññāṇadhātu Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.1142=Dhs.68.<br><br> <i>--âdhivacana</i> having kh.as attribute (see above) S.III,101=M.III,16; <i>--āvāra</i> a camp,either (1) fortified (with niveseti) or (2) not (with bandhāpeti),esp.in the latter meaning w.ref.to a halting place of a caravan (=khandhāvāra?) (1) J.IV,151; V,162; DhA.I,193,199.‹-› (2) J.I,101,332; PvA.113; DhA.II,79.Said of a hermitage J.V,35.-- fig.in sīla-khandhāvāraṃ bandhitvā “to settle in the camp of good conduct” DA.I,244; --ja (adj.-n.) sprung from the trunk (of the tree),i.e.a growth or parasite S.I,207=Sn.272,expl.at SnA 304; khandhesu jātā khandha-jā,pārohānam etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.<i>--niddesa</i> disquisition about the khandhas Vism.(ch.xiv esp.) 482,485,492,509,558,389.<i>--paṭipāṭi</i> succession of khandhas Vism.411 sq.<i>--paritta</i> protective spell as regards the khandhas (as N.of a Suttanta) Vism.414.<i>--bīja</i> “trunk seed” as one kind of var.seeds,with mūla° phaḷu° agga° bīja° at Vin.V,132, &#38; D.I,5,expl<sup>d.</sup> DA.I,81:nāma assattho nigrodho pilakkho udumbaro kacchako kapitthano ti evam-ādi.<i>--rasa</i> taste of the stem,one of various tastes,as mūla° khandha° taca° patta° puppha°,etc.Dhs.629=Nd<sup>2</sup> 540.<i>--loka</i> the world of sensory aggregates,with dhātu- and āyatanaloka Ps.I,122.<i>--vibhaṅga</i> division dealing with the khandhas (i.e.Vibh.1 sq.) Miln.12.<i>--santāna</i> duration of the khandhas Vism.414.(Page 232),7,1
  5827. 227118,en,15,khandhaka,khandhaka,Khandhaka,Khandhaka,[fr.khandha] division,chapter,esp.in the Vinaya (at end of each division we find usually the postscript:so &#38; so khandhakaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ “here ends the chapter of ...”); in cpd.<i>°vatta</i>,i.e.duties or observances specified in the v.khandha or chapter of the Vinaya which deals with these duties Vism.12,101 (cp.Vin.II,231),188.(Page 234),9,1
  5828. 227504,en,15,khandhiman,khandhiman,Khandhiman,Khandhiman,(adj.) having a (big) trunk,of a tree A.III,43.(Page 234),10,1
  5829. 227534,en,15,khandicca,khaṇḍicca,Khaṇḍicca,Khaṇḍicca,(nt.) the state of being broken (of teeth),having broken teeth,in phrase kh° pālicca,etc.,as signs of old age (see above) M.I,49=D.II,305; A.III,196; Dhs.644=736=869; DhA.III,123; in similar connection Vism.449.(Page 231),9,1
  5830. 227549,en,15,khandika,khaṇḍikā,Khaṇḍikā,Khaṇḍikā,(f.) [fr.khaṇḍa] a broken bit,a stick,in ucchu° Vv 33<sup>26</sup> (=ucchu-yaṭṭhi DhA.III,315).(Page 231),8,1
  5831. 227602,en,15,khanika,khaṇika,Khaṇika,Khaṇika,(adj.) [fr.khaṇa] unstable,momentary,temporary,evanescent,changeable; usually syn.with ittara,e.g.J.I,393; III,83; PvA.60.-- Vism.626 (khaṇikato from the standpoint of the momentary).Khaṇikā pīti “momentary joy” is one of the 5 kinds of joy,viz.khuddikā,khaṇikā,okkantikā,ubbegā,pharaṇā (see pīti) Vism.143,DhsA.115.<br><br> <i>--citta</i> temporary or momentary thought Vism.289.<i>--maraṇa</i> sudden death Vism.229.<i>--vassa</i> momentary,i.e.sudden rain (-shower) J.VI,486.(Page 231),7,1
  5832. 227639,en,15,khanikatta,khaṇikatta,Khaṇikatta,Khaṇikatta,(nt.) [fr.khaṇika] evanescence,momentariness Vism.301.(Page 231),10,1
  5833. 227685,en,15,khanitti,khanittī,Khanittī,Khanittī,(f.) [to <em>khan</em>,cp.Sk.khanitra] a spade or hoe Vin.I,270; J.VI,520=V.89 (+aṅkusa).(Page 232),8,1
  5834. 227720,en,15,khanja,khañja,Khañja,Khañja,(adj.) [cp.Sk.khañja,Dhtp 81:khañja gativekalye] lame (either on one foot or both:PugA 227) Vin.II,90=A.I,107=II.85=Pug.51 (comb.with kāṇa and kuṇi); Th.2,438 (+kāṇa); DhA.I,376 (+kuṇi).(Page 231),6,1
  5835. 227741,en,15,khanjana,khañjana,Khañjana,Khañjana,(nt.) hobbling,walking lame PvA.185.(Page 231),8,1
  5836. 227766,en,15,khanjati,khañjati,Khañjati,Khañjati,[fr.khañja] to be lame Pv III,2<sup>28</sup>.(Page 231),8,1
  5837. 227796,en,15,khantar,khantar,Khantar,Khantar,[n.agent of khanti] possessed of meekness or gentleness; docile,manageable.Said of an elephant A.II,116=III,161 sq.(Page 232),7,1
  5838. 227804,en,15,khanti,khanti,Khanti,Khanti, &#38; Khantī f.[Sk.kṣānti] patience,forbearance,forgiveness.Def.at Dhs.1341:khantī khamanatā adhivāsanatā acaṇḍikkaṃ anasuropo attamanatā cittassa.Most frequent combinations:with <i>mettā</i> (love) (see below); <i>--titikkhā</i> (forbearance):khantī paramaṃ tapo titikkhā nibbānaṃ paramaṃ vadanti Buddhā Dh.184=D.II,49=Vism.295; khantiyā bhiyyo na vijjati,S.I,226; cp.DhA.III,237:titikkhā-saṅkhātā <i>khantī; --avihiṃsā</i> (tolerance):kh°,avihiṃsā,mettatā,anudayatā,S.V,169; <i>--akodhana</i> (forbearing,gentle) VvA.71; <i>--soraccaṃ</i> (docility,tractableness) D.III,213= A.I,94; also with maddava (gentleness) and s.as quality of a well-bred horse A.III,248,cp.A.II,113 and khantā; <i>--sovaccassatā</i> (kind speech) Sn.266 (cp.KhA 148).See also cpds.-- Khantī is one of the ten paramitās J.I,22,23:cp.A.III,254,255.-- In other connections:<i>khantiyā</i> upasamena upeta S.I,30; ativissuto Sdhp.473; anulomikāya kh°iyā samannāgata (being of gentle and forbearing disposition) A.III,437,441; Ps.II,236 sq.; Vbh.340.See also A.III,372; Sn.189,292,897,944.‹-› In scholastic language frequent in combination diṭṭhi khanti ruci,in def.of idha (Vbh.245),tattha (Nd<sup>2</sup>),diṭṭhi (Nd<sup>2</sup>),cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 151 and Vbh.325 sq.-- <i>akkhanti</i> intolerance Vin.IV,241 (=kopa); Vbh.360 (in def as opp.of khanti Dhs.1341.q.v.above),378.<br><br> <i>--bala</i> (nt.) the force of forbearance; (adj.) one whose strength is patience:...aduṭṭho yo titikkhati khantībalaṃ balānīkaṃ tam ahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ Dh.399=Sn.623; -- DhA.IV,164; Ps.II,171,176; <i>--mettā</i> forbearing love,in phrase kh° --mettânuddayasampanna (adj.) one whose character is compassion and loving forbearance J.I,151,262; PvA.66 (+yuttakāra); VvA.71 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of akodhana); <i>--suñña</i> (nt.) the void of khanti Ps.II,183; <i>--soracca</i> (nt.) gentleness and forbearance S.I,100,222; A.II,68; J.III,487; DhA.I,56; °e niviṭṭha “established in forbearance and meekness” A.III,46=D.III,61.(Page 232),6,1
  5839. 227853,en,15,khantika,khantika,Khantika,Khantika,(adj.) [fr.prec.] acquiescing in-,of such and such a belief,in <i>añña°</i> belonging to another faith,comb<sup>d</sup> with aññadiṭṭhika and aññarucika D.I,187; M.I,487.(Page 232),8,1
  5840. 227973,en,15,khanu,khāṇu,Khāṇu,Khāṇu,[also often spelled khānu; prob.=Sk.sthāṇu,corrupted in etym.with khaṇati,cp.Trenckner,Notes 58,n.6] a stump (of a tree),a stake.Often used in description of uneven roads; together with kaṇṭaka,thorns A.I,35; III,389; Vism.261 (°paharaṇ’aggi),342 (°magga); SnA 334.-- jhāma° a burnt stump (as characteristic of kālaka) S.IV,193.-- nikhāta° an uprooted trunk DA.I,73.Khāṇu-kondañña N.of a Thera Vism.380; DhA.II,254.(Page 235),5,1
  5841. 227986,en,15,khanuka,khāṇuka,Khāṇuka,Khāṇuka,=khāṇu S.V,379 (avihata°):J.II,18,154; V,45 (loha-daṇḍa-kh° pins &#38; stakes of brass); Miln.187 (mūle vā khāṇuke vā ...khalitvā stumbling over roots &#38; stumps); Vism.381=DhA.II,254 (with ref.to the name of Khāṇu-kondañña who by robbers was mistaken for a tree stump); VvA.338 (in a road=saṅkuka).(Page 235),7,1
  5842. 228057,en,15,khara,khara,Khara,Khara,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.kṣara] water J.III,282.(Page 235),5,1
  5843. 228058,en,15,khara,khara,Khara,Khara,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.khara] 1.(adj.) rough,hard,sharp; painful D.II,127 (ābādha); J.III,26 (vedanā) Miln.26 (+sakkhara-kaṭhala-vālikā),PvA.152 (loma,shaggy hair; cp.Np.Khara-loma-yakkha Vism.208).-- <i>°ka</i>= khara rough,stony PvA.265 (=thaṇḍila).-- 2.(m.) a donkey,a mule,in <i>--putta</i>,nickname of a horse J.III,278.-- 3.a saw J.II,230 (=kakaca C.); VI,261.<br><br> <i>--âjina</i> a rough skin,as garment of an ascetic Sn.249 (=kharāni ajina-cammāni SnA.291); Pug.56; <i>--gata</i> of rough constitution Dhs.962; also as khari-gata M.I,185; Vism.349 (=pharusa).<i>--mukha</i> a conch J.VI,580.<i>--ssara</i> of rough sound S.II,128.(Page 235),5,1
  5844. 228075,en,15,khara,khāra,Khāra,Khāra,[Sk.kṣāra,pungent,saline,sharp to <em>ksā</em>,kṣāyati to burn,cp.Gr.chrόs,dry; Lat.serenus,dry,clear,seresco to dry] any alkaline substance,potash,lye.In comb<sup>n</sup> with ūsa (salt earth) at S.III,131 (-gandha); A.I,209.-- Used as a caustic Pv III,10<sup>2</sup>; Sdhp.281.See also chārikā.<br><br> <i>--âpatacchika</i> a means of torturing,in enum<sup>n</sup> of var.tortures (under vividha-kamma-kāranā kārenti) M.I,87= A.I,48=II.122=Nd<sup>2</sup> 604; J.VI,17 (v.l.°ṭicch°; C.has āpatacchika,v.l.paṭicchaka); Vism.500; Miln.197.Both A &#38; Nd have v.l.kharāpaṭicchaka; <i>--ôdaka</i> an alkaline solution Vism.264,420; DhA.I,189; PvA.213; cp.khārodikā nadī (in Niraya) Sdhp.194.(Page 236),5,1
  5845. 228142,en,15,kharaka,khāraka,Khāraka,Khāraka,(adj.) [fr.khāra] sharp or dry,said of the buds of the Pāricchattaka A.IV,117 sq.(Page 236),7,1
  5846. 228278,en,15,kharatta,kharatta,Kharatta,Kharatta,(nt.) [fr.khara] roughness A.I,54; PvA.90 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of pharusa).(Page 235),8,1
  5847. 228312,en,15,khari,khārī,Khārī,Khārī,(f.) [and khāri-] a certain measure of capacity (esp.of grain,see below khārika).It is used of the eight requisites of an ascetic,and often in conn.with his yoke (kāja):“a khārī-load.”<br><br> <i>--kāja</i> Vin.I,33 (cp.Vin Texts I.132); J.V,204.<i>--bhaṇḍa</i> DhA.III,243 (:kahaṃ te kh-bh° ko pabbajita parikkhāro); <i>--bhāra</i> a shoulder-yoke S.I,169; J.III,83; <i>--vidha</i>=°kāja S.I,78=Ud.65; D.I,101.At Ud.and D passages it is read vividha,but DA.I,269 makes it clear:khārī ti araṇi-kamaṇḍalu-sūcâdayo tāpasa-parikkhārā; vidho ti kāco,tasmā khāribharitaṃ kācam ādāyā ti attho.As Kern (Toev.s.v.) points out,<i>°vidha</i> is a distortion of <i>vivadha</i>,which is synonymous with <i>kāja</i>.(Page 236),5,1
  5848. 228338,en,15,kharika,khārika,Khārika,Khārika,<sup>2</sup> [adj.of khārī] of the khārī measure,in vīsati° kosalako tilavāho A.V,173=Sn.p.126.(Page 236),7,1
  5849. 228339,en,15,kharika,khārika,Khārika,Khārika,<sup>1</sup> [adj.to khāra] alkaline,in enum<sup>n</sup> of tastes (cp.rasa) at S III 87; Dhs.629 and ≈.(Page 236),7,1
  5850. 228409,en,15,khata,khata,Khata,Khata,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of <em>kṣan</em>,to wound] hurt,wounded; pādo kh° hoti sakalikāya “he grazed his foot” S.I,27=Miln.134,179.-- <i>akkhata</i> unmolested,unhurt Vv 84<sup>52</sup> (=anupadduta VvA.351).See also parikkhata.(Page 232),5,1
  5851. 228410,en,15,khata,khata,Khata,Khata,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of khanati] 1.dug up,uprooted,fig.one whose foundation (of salvation) has been cut off; in comb<sup>n</sup> with upahata D.I,86 (=DA.I,237); khataṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati “he keeps himself uprooted and half-dead” i.e.he continues to lead a life of false ideas A.I,105=II.4; opp.akkhataṃ anupahataṃ,etc.A.I,89.(Page 231),5,1
  5852. 228420,en,15,khata,khāta,Khāta,Khāta,(adj.) [Sk.khāta; pp.of <em>khan</em>] dug DA.I,274 (=ukkiṇṇa),a° not dug Miln.351 (°taḷāka).Cp.<i>atikhāta</i> J.II,296.(Page 236),5,1
  5853. 228438,en,15,khataka,khataka,Khataka,Khataka,[fr.khata<sup>2</sup>] damage,injury VvA.206,khatakaṃ dāsiyā deti “she did harm to the servant,she struck the s.” Or is it khalikaṃ? (cp.khaleti); the passage is corrupt.(Page 232),7,1
  5854. 228442,en,15,khatakhata,khaṭakhaṭa,Khaṭakhaṭa,Khaṭakhaṭa,(khāṭ-kata,making khāṭ; cp.kakkāreti) the noise of hawking or clearing one’s throat:<i>--sadda</i> Vin.I,188; DhA.III,330; cp.<i>khakkhaṭa</i> (v.l.khaṭkhaṭa) Divy 518=utkāśanaśabda.(Page 231),10,1
  5855. 228476,en,15,khatopika,khaṭopikā,Khaṭopikā,Khaṭopikā,(f.) [perhaps connected with Sk khaṭvā? uncertain] couch,bedstead M.I,450,451 (vv.ll.ka°,khajj°).(Page 231),9,1
  5856. 228490,en,15,khatta,khatta,Khatta,Khatta,(nt.) [Sk.kṣatra,to <em>kṣi</em>,cp.Gr.ktάomai,kthμa,possession] rule,power,possession; only in cpds.:<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> the law of ruling,political science J.V,490 (is it khattu°=khattā°?) <i>--vijjā</i> polity D.I,9,condemned as a practice of heretics.Bdhgh at DA.I,93 explains it as nīti-sattha,political science (=°dhamma),See Rh.D.Dialogues I.18.<i>--vijjavādin</i> a person who inculcates Macchiavellian tricks J.V,228 (paraphrased:mātāpitaro pi māretvā attano va attho kāmetabbo ti “even at the expense of killing father and mother is wealth to be desired for oneself”),so also J.V,240; <i>--vijjācariya</i> one who practises kh- °vijjā ibid.; <i>--vida</i> (so read for °vidha)=°vijja (adj.) a tricky person,ibid.(v.l.°vijja,better).Cp.Sk.kṣātra-vidya.(Page 232),6,1
  5857. 228510,en,15,khattar,khattar,Khattar,Khattar,[Sk.kṣattṛ fr.kṣatra] attendant,companion,charioteer,the king’s minister and adviser (Lat.satelles “satellite” has been compared for etym.) D.I,112 (=DA.I,280,kh° vuccati pucchita-pucchita-pañhaṃ vyākaraṇa-samattho mahāmatto:“kh° is called the King’s minister who is able to answer all his questions”); Buddhaghosa evidently connects it with katheti,to speak,respond=katthā; gādhaṃ k° A.II,107=Pug.43 v.l.for kattā (cp.Pug.A 225).(Page 232),7,1
  5858. 228534,en,15,khattiya,khattiya,Khattiya,Khattiya,[der.fr.khatta=kṣatra “having possessions”; Sk.kṣatriya] pl.Nom.also khattiyāse J.III,441.A shortened form is khatya J.VI,397.-- f.khattiyā A.III,226--229,khattī D.I.193,and khattiyī.A member of one of the clans or tribes recognised as of Aryan descent.To be such was to belong to the highest social rank.The question of such social divisions in the Buddha’s time is discussed in Dialogues I.97--107; and it is there shown that whenever they are referred to in lists the khattiyas always come first.<i>Khattiyo seṭṭho jane tasmiṃ</i> D.I,199=II.97=M.I,358=S.I,153,II.284.This favourite verse is put into the mouth of a god; and he adds that whoever is perfect in wisdom and righteousness is the best of all.On the social prestige of the khattiyas see further M.II,150--157; III,169; A.II,86; S.I,71,93; Vin.IV,6--10.On the religious side of the question D.III,82; 93; M.I,149,177; II,84; S.I,98.Wealth does not come into consideration at all.Only a very small percentage of the khattiyas were wealthy in the opinion of that time and place.Such are referred to at S.I,15.All kings and chieftains were khattiyas D.I,69,136; III,44,46,61; A.I,106; III,299; IV,259.Khattiyas are called rājāno Dhp 294,quoted Netti 165.<br><br> <i>--âbhiseka</i> the inauguration of a king A.I,107,108 (of the crown-prince)=A.II,87; <i>--kaññā</i> a maid of khattiya birth J.I,60; III,394; <i>--kula</i> a khattiya clan,a princely house,Vin.II,161 (w.ref.to Gotama’s descent); III,80; <i>--parisā</i> the assembly of the khattiyas; as one of the four parisās (kh°,brāhmaṇa°,gahapati°,samaṇa) at Vin.I,227; A.II,133; as the first one of the eight (1--4 as above,Cātummahārājika°,Tāvatiṃsa°,Māra°,Brahma°) at M.I,72=D.III,260; <i>--mahāsāla</i> “the wealthy khattiya” (see above II.1) D.III,258,etc.; <i>--māyā</i> “the magic of the noble” DhA.I,166; <i>--vaṃsa</i> aristocratic descent DA.I,267; <i>--sukhumāla</i> a tender,youthful prince (of the Tathāgata:buddha°,kh°) DhA.I,5.(Page 232),8,1
  5859. 228706,en,15,khattiyi,khattiyī,Khattiyī,Khattiyī,(f.) a female khattiya,in series brāhmaṇī kh° vessī suddī caṇḍālī nesādī veṇī rathakārī pukkusī A.III,229; similarly M.II,33,40.(Page 232),8,1
  5860. 228744,en,15,khaya,khaya,Khaya,Khaya,[Sk.kṣaya to <em>kṣi</em>,kṣiṇoti &#38; kṣiṇāti; cp.Lat.situs withering,Gr.fqiζis,fqi/nw,fqi/w wasting.See also khepeti under khipati] waste,destruction,consumption; decay,ruin,loss; of the passing away of night VvA.52; mostly in applied meaning with ref.to the extinction of passions &#38; such elements as condition,life, &#38; rebirth,e.g.āsavānaṃ kh.It.103 sq.,esp.in formula āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ upasampajja A.I,107= 221=D.III,78,108,132=It.100 and passim.-- rāgassa,dosassa,mohassa kh.M.I,5; A.I,299,cp.rāga°,dosa°,moha°,A.I,159; dosa° S.III,160,191; IV,250.-- taṇhānaṃ kh.Dh.154; saṅkhārānaṃ kh.Dh.383; sabbamaññitānaṃ,etc.M.I,486; āyu°,puñña° Vism.502.-- yo dukkhassa pajānāti idh’eva khayaṃ attano Sn.626=Dh.402; khayaṃ virāgaṃ amataṃ paṇītaṃ Sn.225.-- In exegesis of rūpassa aniccatā:rūpassa khayo vayo bhedo Dhs.645=738=872.-- See also khīṇa and the foll.cpds.s.v.:āyu°,upadhi°,upādāna°,jāti°,jīvita°,taṇha°,dukkha°,puñña°,bhava°,loka°,saṃyojana,sabbadhamma°,samudda°.<br><br> <i>--âtīta</i> (a) gone beyond,recovered from the waning period (of chanda,the moon=the new moon) Sn.598; <i>--ânupassin</i> (a) realizing the fact of decay A.IV,146 sq.= V.359 (+vayânupassin); <i>--ñāṇa</i> knowledge of the fact of decay M.II,38=Pug.60; in the same sense khaye ñāṇa Nett 15,54,59,127,191,cp.kvu 230 sq.; <i>--dhamma</i> the law of decay A.III,54; Ps.I,53,76,78.(Page 235),5,1
  5861. 228852,en,15,khayati,khāyati,Khāyati,Khāyati,[pass.=Sk.khyāyate,<em>khyā</em>] to seem to be,to appear like (viya) J.I,279; aor.khāyiṃsu J.I,61; ppr.med.<i>khāyamāna</i> J.IV,140; PvA.251.Cp.pakkhāyati.(Page 236),7,1
  5862. 228928,en,15,khayita,khāyita,Khāyita,Khāyita,see khādita; cp.avakkhāyika.(Page 236),7,1
  5863. 228961,en,15,kheda,kheda,Kheda,Kheda,(adj.) [Sk.kheda fatigue,khedati; perhaps to Lat.caedo] subject to fatigue,tired VvA.276.-- As noun “fatigue” at Vism.71.(Page 238),5,1
  5864. 228997,en,15,khela,kheḷa,Kheḷa,Kheḷa,[Sk.kheṭa,cp.kṣveḍa and śleṣma,P.silesuma.See also <i>kilid </i>&<i> kilis</i>,cp.ukkheṭita.On root khela see keḷanā; it is given by Dhtp 279 in meaning “calana.” The latter (khela) has of course nothing to do with kheḷa] phlegm,saliva,foam; usually with siṅghānikā mucus,sometimes in the sense of perspiration,sweat A.I,34; IV,137; Sn.196 (+siṅgh°); Kh II.=Miln.26 (cp.Vism.263 in detail, &#38; KhA 66); J.I,61; IV,23; VI,367; Vism.259,343 (+siṅghāṇikā),362; DhA.III,181; IV,20,170; Pv.II,2<sup>3</sup> as food for Petas,cp.Av.S.I.279 (kheṭamūtropajīvinī; II,113:kheṭavadutsṛjya); PvA.80 (=niṭṭhubhana).<br><br> <i>--kilinna</i> wet with exudation J.I,164; <i>--mallaka</i> a spitting box,a cuspidor Vin.I,48; II,175,209 sq.; <i>--siṅghānikā</i> phlegm &#38; mucus DhA.I,50.(Page 239),5,1
  5865. 229026,en,15,khelapaka,kheḷāpaka,Kheḷāpaka,Kheḷāpaka,(Vin) &#38; Kheḷāsika (DhA) an abusive term “eating phlegm” (?) [Müller,P.G.30=kheṭâtmaka] Vin.II,188,cp.Vin.Texts III,239; <i>°vāda</i> the use of the term “phlegm-eater,” calling one by this name Vin.II,189; DhA 140.Cp.āpaka.? spittle-dribbler; “wind bag.” (Page 239),9,1
  5866. 229070,en,15,khema,khema,Khema,Khema,[Vedic kṣema to <em>kṣi</em>,cp.khetta] 1.(adj.) full of peace,safe; tranquil,calm D.I,73 (of a country); S.I,123 (of the path leading to the ambrosial,i.e.Nibbāna) I.189=Sn.454 (of vācā nibbānapattiyā); M.I,227 (vivaṭaṃ amatadvāraṃ khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā “opened is the door to the Immortal,leading to peace,for the attainment of Nibbāna”) A.III,354 (of ñāna) It.32; Sn.268 (=abhaya,nirupaddava KhA 153); Dh.189 sq.; Pv IV.3<sup>3</sup> (of a road=nibbhaya PvA.250); VvA.85.‹-› 2.(nt.) shelter,place of security,tranquillity,home of peace,the Serene (Ep.of Nibbāna).In general:D.I,11 (peace,opp.bhaya); Sn.896 (+avivādabhūmi); 953.-- In particular of Nibbāna:S.IV,371; A.IV,455; Vv 53<sup>20</sup> (amataṃ khemaṃ); Ps.I,59.See also yoga.Abl.khemato,from the standpoint of the Serene S.II,109; Sn.414,1098; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.(+tāṇato,etc.).<br><br> <i>--atta</i> one who is at peace (+viratta) S.I,112 (=khemībhūtaṃ assabhāvaṃ SA).<i>--anta</i> security,in <i>°bhūmi</i> a peaceful country (opp,kantāra),a paradise (as Ep.of Nibbāna) D.I,73; Nd<sup>2</sup> on Satthā; Vism.303.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> the place of shelter,the home of tranquillity Th.2,350 (=Nibbāna ThA.242); <i>--ṭṭhita</i> peaceful,appeased,unmolested D.I,135; <i>--dassin</i> looking upon the Serene Sn.809; <i>--ppatta</i> having attained tranquillity (=abhayappatta,vesārajjappatta) M.I,72=A.II,9.(Page 239),5,1
  5867. 229207,en,15,khemin,khemin,Khemin,Khemin,(adj.) one who enjoys security or peace S.III,13; Sn.145 (=abhaya KhA 244); Dh.258.(Page 239),6,1
  5868. 229223,en,15,khepa,khepa,Khepa,Khepa,[cp.khipati] (-°) throwing,casting,Sdhp.42.Usually in citta-kkhepa loss of mind,perplexity Dh.138.Cp.vi°,saṃ°.(Page 239),5,1
  5869. 229238,en,15,khepana,khepana,Khepana,Khepana,[cp.khepeti] --° the passing of,appl<sup>d</sup> to time:āyu° VvA.311.(Page 239),7,1
  5870. 229298,en,15,khepeti,khepeti,Khepeti,Khepeti,see khipati.(Page 239),7,1
  5871. 229314,en,15,khepita,khepita,Khepita,Khepita,[pp.of khepeti] destroyed,brought to waste,annihilated,<i>khepitatta</i> (nt.) the fact of being destroyed,destruction,annihilation,DhA.II,163 (kilesavaṭṭassa kh.).(Page 239),7,1
  5872. 229337,en,15,kheta,kheṭa,Kheṭa,Kheṭa,[cp.Sk.kheṭaka] a shield:see <i>kīṭa</i>.(Page 238),5,1
  5873. 229360,en,15,khetta,khetta,Khetta,Khetta,(nt.) [Vedic kṣetra,to <em>kṣi</em>,kṣeti,kṣiti,dwelling-place,Gr.kti/zw,Lat.situs founded,situated,E.site; cp.also Sk.kṣema “being settled,” composure.See also khattiya.Dhammapāla connects khetta with <em>kṣip</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>trā</em> in his expl<sup>n</sup> at PvA.7:khittaṃ vuttaṃ bījaṃ tāyati ...ti khettaṃ] 1.(lit.) a field,a plot of land,arable land,a site,D.I,231; S.I,134 (bījaṃ khette virūhati; in simile); three kinds of fields at S.IV,315,viz.agga°,majjhima°,hīna° (in simile); A.I,229=239; IV,237 (do.); Sn.524; J.I,153 (sāli-yava°); Pv.II,9<sup>68</sup>=DhA.III,220 (khette bījaṃ ropitaṃ); Miln.47; PvA.62; DhA.I,98.Often as a mark of wealth=possession,e.g.D.III,93 in def<sup>n</sup> of khattiya:khettānaṃ patī ti khattiya.,In the same sense connected with <i>vatthu</i> (field &#38; farm cp.Haus und Hof),to denote objects of trade,etc.D.I,5 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,78:khetta nāma yasmiṃ pubbaṇṇaṃ rūhati,vatthu nāma yasmiṃ aparaṇṇaṃ rūhati,“kh.is where the first crop grows and v.where the second.” A similar expl<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 248,where khetta is divided into sāli°,vīhi.mugga°,māsa°,yava°,godhūma°,tila°,i.e.the pubbaṇṇāni,and vatthu expl<sup>d</sup> ghara°,koṭṭhaka°,pure°,pacchā°,ārāma°,vihāra° without ref.to aṇṇa.) S.II,41; Sn.769.Together with other earthly possessions as wealth (hirañña,suvaṇṇa) Sn.858; Nd<sup>2</sup> on lepa,gahaṭṭha,etc.As example in definition of visible objects Dhs.597; Vbh.71 sq.-- Kasī° a tilled field,a field ready to bear Pv.I,1<sup>2</sup>,cp.PvA.8; jāti° “a region in which a Buddha may be born” (Hardy,after Childers s.khetta) PvA.138.Cp.the threefold division of a Buddha-kkhetta at Vism.414,viz.jāti°,āṇā°,visaya°.-- 2.fig.(of kamma) the soil of merit,the deposit of good deeds,which,like a fertile field,bears fruit to the advantage of the “giver” of gifts or the “doer” of good works.See dakkhiṇeyya°,puñña° (see detailed expl<sup>n</sup> at Vism.220; khetta here= virūhana-ṭṭhāna),brahma°.-- A.I,162,223 (kammaṃ,khettaṃ,viññāṇaṃ bījaṃ); IV,237; It.98; VvA.113.‹-› <i>akhetta</i> barren soil A.III,384 (akhettaññu not finding a good soil); IV,418 (do.); PvA.137.<i>Sukhetta</i> a good soil,fertile land S.I,21; PvA.137; opp.<i>dukkhetta</i> S.V,379.<br><br> <i>--ûpama</i> to be likened to a (fruitful) field,Ep.of an Arahant Pv.I,1<sup>1</sup>; <i>--kammanta</i> work in the field A.III,77; <i>--gata</i> turned into a field,of puññakamma “good work becoming a field of merit” PvA.136,191; <i>--gopaka</i> a field watcher J.III,52; <i>--ja</i> “born on one’s land,” one of the 4 kinds of sons Nd<sup>1</sup> 247; Nd<sup>2</sup> 448; J.I,135.<i>--jina</i> one unsurpassed in the possession of a “field” Sn.523,524; <i>--pāla</i> one who guards a field J.III,54; <i>--mahantatā</i> the supremeness of the field (of merit) VvA.108; <i>--rakkhaka</i> the guardian of a field J.II,110; <i>--vatthu</i> possession of land &#38; goods (see above) D.III,164; S.V,473=A.II,209; A.V,137; Pug.58; PvA.3; <i>--sampatti</i> the successful attainment of a field of (merit) PvA.198; VvA.102; see VvA.30,32 on the three sampattis,viz.khetta°,citta°,payoga°; <i>--sāmika</i> the owner of the field Miln.47; VvA.311.<i>--sodhana</i> the cleaning of the field (before it is ploughed) DhA.III,284.(Page 238),6,1
  5874. 229592,en,15,khidda,khiḍḍā,Khiḍḍā,Khiḍḍā,[Vedic krīḍā,cp.kīḷati] play,amusement,pleasure usually comb<sup>d</sup> with rati,enjoyment.Var.degrees of pleasures (bāla°,etc.) mentioned at A.V,203; var.kinds of amusement enumerated at Nd<sup>2</sup> 219; as expounded at D.I,6 under jūta-pamādaṭṭhāna.Generally divided into kāyikā &#38; vācasikā khiḍḍā (Nd<sup>2</sup>; SnA 86).Expl.as kīḷanā SnA 86,as hassādhippāya (means of mirth) PvA.226; sahāyakādīhi keḷi PvA.265.Cp.Sn.926; Pv IV.1<sup>21</sup>.<br><br> <i>--dasaka</i> “the decad of play,” i.e.the second 10 years of man’s life,fr.11--20 years of age Vism.619.<i>--padosika</i> corrupted by pleasures D.I,19,20=DA.I,113 (v.l.padūsika); <i>--rati</i> play &#38; enjoyment Sn.41,59; Vv 16<sup>12</sup>,32<sup>7</sup>; Pv IV.7<sup>2</sup>; Vism.619.(Page 236),6,1
  5875. 229657,en,15,khila,khila,Khila,Khila,(m.nt.) [cp.Sk.khila] waste or fallow land A.III,248; fig.barrenness of mind,mental obstruction.There are five <i>ceto-khilā</i> enum<sup>d</sup> in detail at M.I,101=A.IV,460= D.III,238 (see under ceto); mentioned A.V,17; SnA 262.As three khilā,viz.rāga,dosa,moha at S.V,57; also with other qualities at Nd<sup>2</sup> 9.In comb<sup>n</sup> with paligha S.I,27 (chetvā kh° ṃ); khilaṃ pabhindati to break up the fallowness (of one’s heart) S.I,193; III,134; Sn.973.‹-› <i>akhila</i> (adj.) not fallow,unobstructed,open-hearted:cittaṃ susamāhitaṃ ...akhilaṃ sabbabhūtesu DII.261; S.IV,118; in comb<sup>n</sup> with anāsava Sn.212; with akaṅkha Sn.477,1059; with vivattacchada Sn.1147; cp.vigatakhila Sn.19.(Page 237),5,1
  5876. 229665,en,15,khila,khiḷa,Khiḷa,Khiḷa,[cp.Sk.kiṇa] hard skin,callosity J.V,204 (v.l.kiṇa).(Page 237),5,1
  5877. 229673,en,15,khila,khīla,Khīla,Khīla,[Sk.kīla &#38; khīla] a stake,post,bolt,peg Vin.II,116 (khīlaṃ nikhanitvā digging in or erecting a post); S.III,150 (kh° vā thambha vā); IV,200 (daḷha° a strong post,Ep.of satī); Mhvs 29,49.-- <i>ayo°</i> an iron stake A.I,141; S.V,444; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III</SUP>; Sn.28 (nikhāta,erected); SnA 479.Cp.inda°.<br><br> <i>--ṭṭhāyi-ṭhita</i> standing like a post (of a stubborn horse) A.IV,192,194.(Page 237),5,1
  5878. 229691,en,15,khilaka,khīlaka,Khīlaka,Khīlaka,(adj.) having sticks or stumps (as obstacles),in a° unobstructed J.V,203 (=akāca nikkaṇṭaka 206).(Page 237),7,1
  5879. 229702,en,15,khilana,khīḷana,Khīḷana,Khīḷana,[der.fr.khīḷeti] scorn Miln.357.(Page 237),7,1
  5880. 229728,en,15,khileti,khīḷeti,Khīḷeti,Khīḷeti,[to <em>kīḷ</em> or to <i>khila</i>?] to scorn,deride,only in comb<sup>n</sup> hīḷita khīḷita garahita (pp.) Miln.229,288; cp.khīḷana.(Page 237),7,1
  5881. 229743,en,15,khina,khīṇa,Khīṇa,Khīṇa,[pp.of khīyati,Pass.to khayati] destroyed,exhausted,removed,wasted,gone; in cpds.°- often to be translated “without.” It is mostly applied to the destruction of the passions (āsavā) &#38; demerit (kamma).Khīṇā jāti “destroyed is the possibility of rebirth,” in freq.occurring formula “kh.j.vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nâparaṃ itthattāya,” denoting the attainment of Arahantship.(See arahant II,formula A) Vin.I,35; D.I,84,177,203; M.II,39; Sn.p.16; Pug.61 etc.See expl<sup>n</sup> at DA.I,225= SnA 138.-- khīṇaṃ mayhaṃ kammaṃ J.IV,3,similarly khīṇaṃ purāṇaṃ navaṃ natthi sambhavaṃ Sn.235 (khīṇa=samucchinna KhA 194); pāpakamme khīṇe PvA.105.āsavakhīṇa one whose cravings are destroyed Sn.370,cp.162.<br><br> <i>--āsava</i> (adj.) whose mind is free from the four mental obsessions,Ep.of an Arahant Vin.I,183; M.I,145; II,43; III,30; D.III,97,133,235; It.95; Sn.82,471,539,644; Dh.89,420; PvA.7 (=arahanto); cp.BSk kṣīṇāśrava Divy 542.-- The seven powers of a kh.° (khīṇāsava-balāni) discussed at D.III,283; Ps.I,35; ten powers at Ps.II,173,176; cp.Vism.144 (where a kh.walks through the air).<i>--punabbhava</i> one in whom the con‹-› ditions of another existence have been destroyed (=khīṇāsava) Sn.514,656; <i>--bīja</i> one who is without the seed (of renewed existence) (=prec.) Sn.235 (=ucchinna-bīja KhA 194); <i>--maccha</i> without fish (of a lake) Dh.155; <i>--vyappatha</i> without the way of (evil) speech (vyapp°=vācāya patho; expl.SnA 204 as na pharusavāco) Sn.158; <i>--sota</i> with the stream gone,i.e.without water,in macche appodake kh° Sn.777.(Page 237),5,1
  5882. 229961,en,15,khinatta,khīṇatta,Khīṇatta,Khīṇatta,(nt.) DA.I,225 &#38; <i>khīṇatā</i> (f.) DhA.IV,228,the fact of being destroyed.(Page 237),8,1
  5883. 229992,en,15,khipa,khipa,Khipa,Khipa,(nt.) [fr.<em>kṣip</em>] a throw,anything thrown over,as ajina° a cloak of antelope hide D.I,167 and ≈; or thrown out,as a fishing net (=kumina) eel-basket A.I,33=287; Th.2,357 (=ThA.243).Cp.khippa &#38; vikkhepika.(Page 236),5,1
  5884. 230013,en,15,khipana,khipana,Khipana,Khipana,(nt.) the act of throwing or the state of being thrown J.I,290 (pasaka- k°).(Page 237),7,1
  5885. 230021,en,15,khipana,khipanā,Khipanā,Khipanā,(f.) [fr.khipati] throwing up,provocation,mockery,slander Miln.357; Vbh.352; cp.Vism.29.(Page 237),7,1
  5886. 230079,en,15,khipati,khipati,Khipati,Khipati,[Vedic kṣipati] to throw,to cast,to throw out or forth,to upset Sn.p.32 (cittaṃ); J.I,223 (sīsaṃ).290 (pāsake); II,3 (daḷhaṃ dalhassa:to pit force against force) -- aor.khipi S.IV,2,3 (khuracakkaṃ); PvA.87 (=atthāresi).-- ger.khipitvā J.I,202.-- 1st caus.khepeti (perhaps to <em>kṣi</em>,see khaya) to throw in,to put in,to spend (of time):dīgham addhānaṃ khepetvā J.I,137; Th.2,168 (khepeti jātisaṃsāraṃ=pariyosāpeti ThA.159); DhA.I,102 (dvenavuti-kappe khepesuṃ); āyuṃ khepehi spend (the rest of) your life PvA.148; ger.<i>khepayitvāna</i> (saṃsāraṃ) Pv IV.3<sup>32</sup> (=khepetvā PvA.254).In this sense Trenckner (P.M.76) takes it as corresponding to Sk.kṣāpayati of <i>kṣi</i>=to cause to waste.See also khepana.-- 2nd caus.khipāpeti to cause to be thrown J.I,202; IV,139 (jalaṃ).Cp also khepa.(Page 236),7,1
  5887. 230123,en,15,khipita,khipita,Khipita,Khipita,(nt.) [pp.of khipati=that which is thrown out; Acc.to Trenckner Notes p.75 for khupita fr.<em>kṣu</em> to sneeze; possibly a contamination of the two] sneezing,expectoration Pv.II,2<sup>3</sup> (expl.PvA.80:mukhato nikkhantamala); DhA.I,314 (°roga+kāsa,coughing).<br><br> <i>--sadda</i> the sound of expectorations D.I,50; DhA.I,250.(Page 237),7,1
  5888. 230173,en,15,khippa,khippa,Khippa,Khippa,(adj.):[Vedic kṣipra to <em>kṣip</em>] 1.quick,lit.in the way of throwing (cp.“like a shot”) Sn.350 (of vacana =lahu SnA).-- 2.a sort of fishing net or eel-basket (cp.khipa &#38; Sk.kṣepaṇī) S.I,74.-- nt.adv.<i>khippaṃ</i> quickly A.II,118=III,164; Sn.413,682,998; Dh.65,137,236,289; J.IV,142; Pv.II,8<sup>4</sup>,9<sup>2</sup>,12<sup>21</sup>,Pug.32.-- Compar.<i>khippatara</i> Sn.p.126.<br><br> <i>--âbhiññā</i> quick intuition (opp.<i>dandh°</i>) D.III,106; Dhs.177; Nett 7,24,50,77,112 sq.; 123 sq.; Vism.138.(Page 237),6,1
  5889. 230226,en,15,khippati,khippati,Khippati,Khippati,[fr.<em>kṣip</em>] to ill-treat,in ppr.khippamāna Vv 84<sup>44</sup>,expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.348 by vambhento,pīḷanto.(Page 237),8,1
  5890. 230242,en,15,khira,khīra,Khīra,Khīra,(nt.) [Sk.kṣīra] milk,milky fluid,milky juice Vin.I,243; II,301; M.I,343 sq.=A.II,207=Pug.56; A.II,95 (in simile with dadhi,navanīta,sappi,sappi-maṇḍa)= D.I,201; DhA.I,98; enum<sup>d</sup> with <i>dadhi</i>,etc.,as one constituent of material food (kabaliṅkāro ähāro) at Dhs.646=740=875; -- J.IV,138 (mātu kh°); 140; Dh.71=Nett 161; Miln.41; PvA.198 (=sneha,milky juice); VvA.75; DhA.I,98 (nirudaka kh°,milk without water).--duddha-khīra one who has milked Sn.18.<br><br> <i>--ôdaka</i> (nt.) milk-water or milk &#38; water lit.J.II,104,106; fig.in simile khīrodakībhūtā for a samaggā parisā “a congregation at harmony as milk and water blend” A.I,70; S.IV,225=M.I,207,398=A.III,67,104; <i>--odana</i> (nt.) milk-rice (boiled) Vv33<sup>24</sup> (=VvA.147).<i>--gandha</i> the smell of milk J.VI,357.<i>--ghaṭa</i> a pot of milk Miln.48; <i>--paka</i> drinking milk; sucking (of a calf:vaccho mātari kh°) Dh.284 (v.l.khīra-pāna); DhA.III,424; <i>--paṇṇin</i> (m.) N.of a tree the leaves of which contain a milky sap,Calotropis gigantea M.I,429; <i>--matta</i> having had his fill of milk,happy (of a babe) S.I,108; <i>--mūla</i> the price of milk; money with which to buy milk DhA.IV,217; <i>--sāmin</i> master of the milk (+dhīrasāmin) Bdhd 62.(Page 237),5,1
  5891. 230328,en,15,khiranika,khīranikā,Khīranikā,Khīranikā,(f.) a milk-giving cow S.I,174.(Page 237),9,1
  5892. 230503,en,15,khitta,khitta,Khitta,Khitta,[pp.of <em>khip</em>,to throw Dhtp 479; peraṇe] thrown; cast,overthrown Dh.34; rajo paṭivātaṃ kh°,dirt thrown against the wind S.I,13,164=Sn.662=Dh.125= J.III,203; ratti-khittā sarā arrows shot in the night Dh.304=Nett 11; acchi vātavegena khittā a flame overthrown by the power of the wind,blown out Sn.1074 (expl<sup>d</sup> Nd<sup>2</sup> 220 by ukkhittā nuṇṇā,khambhitā); in interpret.of khetta PvA.7 said of sowing:khittaṃ vuttaṃ bījaṃ.-- <i>akkhitta</i> not upset,not deranged,undisturbed,in qualities required of a brahmin w.ref.to his genealogy:yāva sattamā pitāmahāyugā akkhitto D.I,113=Sn.p.115,etc.Cp.vi°.<br><br> <i>--citta</i> (a) one whose mind is thrown over,upset,unhinged,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with ummattaka,out of one’s mind Vin.I,131,321; II,64,etc.; Sdhp.88.Cp.citta-kkhepa.(Page 236),6,1
  5893. 230582,en,15,khiya,khīya,Khīya,Khīya,[cp.khīyati<sup>2</sup>] in <i>--dhammaṃ</i> āpajjati to fall into a state of mental depression Vin.IV,151,154; A.III,269; IV,374.See also remarks by Kern,Toev.s.v.(Page 237),5,1
  5894. 230610,en,15,khiyanaka,khīyanaka,Khīyanaka,Khīyanaka,(a) [der.fr.khīya] in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>pācittiya</i> a “falling away” offence (legal term denoting the falling away from a consent once given) (see khīya) Vin.II,94,100; IV,38.(Page 237),9,1
  5895. 230646,en,15,khiyati,khīyati,Khīyati,Khīyati,[Sk.kṣīyate,pass.to khayati] to be exhausted,to waste away,to become dejected,to fall away from Vin.IV,152; J.I,290 (dhạna); Pv.II,9<sup>42</sup>; 11<sup>2</sup>; Ps.I,94,96; II,31 (āsavā); Bdhd 80.-- ppr.khīyamāna Sn.434; Bdhd 19.aor.khīyi D.III,93; grd.khīyitabba ibid.see also khāya and khīyanaka.In phrase “ujjhāyati khīyati vipāceti it seems to correspond to jhāyati<sup>2</sup> [Sk.kṣāyati] and the meaning is “to become chafed or heated,to become vexed,angry; to take offence”; as evidenced by the comb<sup>n</sup> with quâsi-synonyms ujjhāyati &#38; vipāceti,both referring to a heated state,fig.for anger (cp.kilissati).Thus at Vin.II,259 &#38; passim.See ujjhāyati for further refs.(Page 237),7,1
  5896. 230712,en,15,kho,kho,Kho,Kho,[before vowels often khv’; contr.of khalu=Sk.khalu] an enclitic particle of affirmation &#38; emphasis:indeed,really,surely; in narration:then,now (cp.kira); in question:then,perhaps,really.Def.as adhikār’antara-nidassan’atthe nipāto KhA 113; as avadhāraṇaṃ (affirmative particle) PvA.11,18.-- A few of its uses are as foll.:abhabbo kho Vin.I,17; pasādā kho D.II,155.After pron.:mayhaṃ kho J.I,279; ete kho Vin.I,10; idaṃ kho ibid.; so ca kho J.I,51; yo kho M.I,428; -- After a negation:na kho indeed not J.II,111; no ca khv’āssa A.V,195; mā kho J.I,253; -- Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>pana</i>:na sakkhā kho pana “is it then not possible” J.I,151; api ca kho pana J.I,253; siyā kho <i>pana</i> D.II,154; -- Following other particles.esp.in aoristic narration:atha kho (extremely frequent); tatra kho; tâpi kho; api ca kho; evaṃ bhante ti kho; evaṃ byā kho Vin.IV,134; Dh.I,27,etc.-- In interr.sentences it often follows nu:kin nu kho J.I,279; atthi nu kho J.III,52; kahan nu kho J.I,255.(Page 239),3,1
  5897. 230723,en,15,khobha,khobha,Khobha,Khobha,(m.) [cp.Vedic <em>kṣubh</em> kṣobhayati,to shake=Goth.skiuban Ger.schieben,to push,E.shove] shaking,shock Vism.31,157; khobhaṃ karoti to shake VvA.35,36,278; khobha-karaṇa shaking up,disturbance Vism.474.See also akkhobbha.(Page 239),6,1
  5898. 230780,en,15,khoma,khoma,Khoma,Khoma,[cp.Vedic kṣauma] adj.flaxen; nt.a linen cloth,linen garment,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>kappāsika</i> Vin.I,58,96,281; A.IV,394; V,234=249 (°yuga); J.VI,47,500; Pv.II,1<sup>17</sup>; DhA.I,417.<br><br> <i>--pilotikā</i> a linen cloth Vin.I,296.(Page 239),5,1
  5899. 230838,en,15,khu,khu,Khu,Khu,(-°) is doubtful second part of <i>iṅghāḷa°</i> (q.v.).(Page 237),3,1
  5900. 230859,en,15,khubhati,khubhati,Khubhati,Khubhati,see saṃ° &#38; khobha.The root is given at Dhtp 206 &#38; 435 as “khubha=sañcalane.” (Page 238),8,1
  5901. 230882,en,15,khuda,khudā,Khudā,Khudā,[Sk.kṣudh &#38; kṣudhā,also BSk.kṣud in kṣuttarṣa hunger &#38; thirst Jtm p.30] hunger Sn.52 (+pipāsā:Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.kh° vuccati chātako),966; Pv.I,6<sup>4</sup> (=jighacchā) II.1<sup>5</sup> (+taṇhā),2<sup>4</sup>; PvA.72.See khuppipāsā.(Page 238),5,1
  5902. 230918,en,15,khudda,khudda,Khudda,Khudda,(adj.) [Vedic kṣudra] small,inferior,low; trifling,insignificant; na khuddaṃ samācare kiñci “he shall not pursue anything trifling” Sn.145 (=lāmakaṃ KhA 243); kh° ca bālaṃ Sn.318.Opp.to strong Vv 32<sup>10</sup> (of migā= balavasena nihīnā VvA.136).<br><br> <i>--ânukhuddaka</i>,in <i>°āni sikkhāpadāni</i> the minor observances of discipline,the lesser &#38; minor precepts Vin.II,287=D.II,154; Vin.IV,143; A.I,233; cp.Divy 465; <i>--âvakāsa</i> in akhuddâvakāso dassanāya not appearing inferior,one of the attributes of a well-bred brahmin (with brahmavaṇṇī) D.I,114,120,etc.<i>--desa</i>,in °issara ruler of a small district Sdhp.348.(Page 238),6,1
  5903. 230958,en,15,khuddaka,khuddaka,Khuddaka,Khuddaka,=khudda; usually in cpds.In sequence khuddaka-majjhima-mahā Vism.100.Of smaller sections or subdivisions of canonical books Vin.V,145 sq.(with ref.to the paññattis),see also below.--catuppade kh° ca mahallake Sn.603.Khuddaka (m.) the little one,Miln.40 (mātā °assa).<br><br> <i>--nadī</i>=kunnadī,a small river PvA.154; <i>--nikāya</i> name of a collection of canonical books,mostly short (the fifth of the five Nikāyas) comprising the foll.15 books:Khuddaka-Pāṭha,Dhammapada,Udāna,Itivuttaka,Sutta-Nipāta,Vimāna-Vatthu,Peta-Vatthu,Thera and Therī Gāthā,Jātaka (verses only),Niddesa,Paṭisambhidāmagga,Apadāna,Buddha-Vaṃsa,CariyāPiṭaka.The name Kh-N.is taken from the fact that it is a collection of short books-short,that is,as compared with the Four Nikāyas.Anvs (J.P.T.S.1886) p.35; Gvns (J.P.T.S.1886) p.57; PvA.2,etc.<i>--pāṭha</i> N.of the first book in the Khuddaka Nikāya; <i>--mañcaka</i> a small or low bed J.I,167; <i>--rājā</i> an inferior king J.V,37 (+mahārājā); SnA 121; cp.khujja &#38; kuṭṭa; <i>--vaggulī</i> (f.) a small singing bird DhA.III,223; <i>--vatthuka</i> belonging to or having smaller sections Vin.V,114.(Page 238),8,1
  5904. 231391,en,15,khujja,khujja,Khujja,Khujja,(adj.) [either Sk kubja,of which khujja would be the older form (cp.Walde,Lat.Etym.Wtb.s.v.cubitum),or Sk.kṣudra (?) (so Müller,P.G.p.52).See also the variant kujja &#38; cp.kuṭṭa<sup>2</sup>] 1.humpbacked J.V,426 (+piṭhasappī); DA.I,148 (in comb<sup>n</sup> with vāmana &#38; kirāta); f.DhA.I,194,226.-- 2.small,inferior,in kh°-rājā a smaller,subordinate king Sdhp.453.(Page 238),6,1
  5905. 231478,en,15,khumseti,khuṃseti,Khuṃseti,Khuṃseti,[<em>kruś</em>? Dhtp 625:akkosane; cp.Müller P.G.52 to scold,to curse,to be angry at,to have spite against D.I,90,DA.I,256 (=ghaṭṭeti); Vin.IV,7; SnA 357; DhA.IV,38.-- pp.<i>khuṃsita</i> DhA.II,75.(Page 237),8,1
  5906. 231490,en,15,khundali,khuṇḍali,Khuṇḍali,Khuṇḍali,at PvA.162 (mā kh.) is to be read <i>ukkaṇṭhi</i>.(Page 238),8,1
  5907. 231497,en,15,khuppipasa,khuppipāsā,Khuppipāsā,Khuppipāsā,[cp.khudā] hunger &#38; thirst:°āya mīyamāno M.I,85.Personified as belonging to the army of Māra Sn.436=Nd<sup>2</sup> on visenikatvā.To be tormented by hunger &#38; thirst is the special lot of the Petas:Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup>; II,2<sup>2</sup>,PvA.10,32,37,58,etc.; Vism.501; Sdhp.9,101,507.(Page 238),10,1
  5908. 231543,en,15,khura,khura,Khura,Khura,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic kṣura,to <i>kṣṇu</i>,kṣṇoti to whet,kṣṇotra whetstone; cp.Gr.xnau/w scrape,cu/w shave,Lat.novacula razor.The Pali Dhtp (486) gives as meanings “chedana &#38; vilekhana”] a razor Vin.II,134; S.IV,169 (tiṇha a sharp r.) DhA.II,257.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> the hall of tonsure PvA.53; <i>--appa</i> a kind of arrow D.I,96; M.I,429 (+vekaṇḍa); Vism.381.<i>--kosa</i> razor-sheath Vism.251,255.<i>--cakka</i> a wheel,sharp as a razor J.IV,3; <i>--dhāra</i> 1.carrying razors,said of the Vetaraṇī whose waters are like razors Sn.674 (+tiṇha‹-› dhāra); J.V,269; Vism.163.-- 2.the haft of a razor,or its case Sn.716 (°ûpama); Vism.500; DhA.II,257; <i>--nāsa</i> having a nose like a razor J.IV,139; <i>--pariyanta</i> a disk as sharp as a razor,a butcher-knife D.I,52 (=DA.I,160; khura-nemi khura-sadisa-pariyanta),cp.°cakka; <i>--māla</i> N.of an ocean,in °samudda J.IV,137; <i>--mālī</i> (f.)= prec.ibid.; <i>--muṇḍa</i> close-shaven Vin.I,344; VvA.207.Khuramuṇḍaṃ karoti to shave closely D.I,98; S.IV,344= A.II,241; <i>--bhaṇḍa</i> the outfit of a barber,viz.khura,khura-silā,khura-sipāṭikā,namataka Vin.I,249; II,134,cp.Vin.Texts III,138; <i>--silā</i> a whetstone Vin.II,134; <i>--sipāṭikā</i> a powder prepared with s.gum to prevent razors from rusting Vin.II,134.(Page 238),5,1
  5909. 231544,en,15,khura,khura,Khura,Khura,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic khura] the hoof of an animal Vv 64<sup>10</sup> (of a horse=turagānaṃ khuranipāta,the clattering of a horse’s hoof VvA.279),cp.Sk.kṣura,a monkey’s claw Sp.AvŚ I.236.<br><br> <i>khura-kāse</i> M.I,446,read (with Neumann) for khura-kāye,“in the manner of dragging (<em>kṛṣ</em>) the hoofs.” (Page 238),5,1
  5910. 231711,en,15,ki°,ki°,Ki°,Ki°,2nd.stem of interr.pron.(cp.ka° ku°); 1.in oblique cases of ko (kaḥ),as Gen.kissa.Loc.kismiṃ &#38; kiṃhi.‹-› 2.in nt.kiṃ what? (cp.Gr.ti/,Lat.quid; ending --m besides --d in kad,as Lat.quom,tum besides quod,id).-- 3.in primary derivations,as kittaka,kīva (=Sk.kiyant) which stands in same relation to *qǔi as Lat.quantus to *qǔo; and in secondary derivations from kiṃ,as kiñci,kiñcakkha,kīdisa,etc.(Page 212),3,1
  5911. 231724,en,15,kibbisa,kibbisa,Kibbisa,Kibbisa,(nt.) [Ved.kilbiṣa,according to Grassmann to <i>*kil</i> as in kilāsa,thus originally “stain,dirt.” Buddh.Sk.kilviṣa classed with aparādha at Mvyntp.245 No.903] wrongdoing,demerit,fault,usually with °ṃ karoti to do wrong Sn.246; Sdhp,204; J.III,135 or °ṃ pasavati A.V,75; Vin.II,198.<i>--kata°</i> (adj.) having done wrong in akata-kalyāṇo,etc.A.II,174 and ≈(see kalyāṇa and kata II.1 a); M.I,39; Pv IV.7<sup>7</sup>; PvA.59.<br><br> <i>--kāraka<sup>1</sup></i>=next J.III,14; <i>--kārin</i>,doing wrong Sn.665 sq.; PvA.58.(Page 215),7,1
  5912. 231728,en,15,kibbisaka,kibbisaka,Kibbisaka,Kibbisaka,=kibbisa Sdhp.290.(Page 215),9,1
  5913. 231750,en,15,kicca,kicca,Kicca,Kicca,(nt.) [grd.of karoti=Sk.kṛtya] 1.(adj.) that which ought to be done,that which is to be performed; nt.something to do DhA.I,15.Def<sup>d</sup> as kātabban ti kiccaṃ,kiñcid eva karaṇīyan ti KhA 218; kattabaṃ karaṇīyaṃ DhA.III,452.-- 2.(nt.) (a) duty,obligation,service,attention; ceremony,performance.The sg.is used collectively as pl.-- adj.(-°) one who is under an obligation,etc.,or to whom an obligation,etc.,is due A.II,67; Dh.276,293; J.III,26; DhA.I,5.-- kattabbak°-karaṇa “the performance of incumbent duties” PvA.30; idaṃ me kiccaṃ akāsi “he has done me this service” PvA.29.-- In special sense of the duties to the dead:ahaṃ tava pitu °ṃ karomi “I will do the last duty to your father” PvA.274.-- <i>a°</i> that which is not (his) duty A.II,67; Dh.292,293.-- (b) (as philos.term) function; rasa (essence) is either kicca r°- or sampatti r,function or property.Cpd.13,213,n.l.; Vism.162 (parivyatta° quite conspicuous f.),264 (abbhañjana° f.of lucubrating),338,493 (indriyānaṃ kiccaṃ),547 (tad-ārammaṇa°,bhavaṅga°,cuti°,etc.); kiccavasena by way of f.Abhdh.-saṅgaha V.8,cp.Dhs.trsl.132 (with ref.to DhsA.264); kiccato Vism.581.--<i>appa°</i> having few or no duties Sn.144 (cp.KhA 241.--<i>ārāmika°</i> duties of the Ārāma J.I,38.--<i>udaka°</i> water-performance,ablution D.II,15.--<i>kata°</i> one who has performed his duties or mission,i.e.an Arahant Sn.1105; Vv 53<sup>1</sup> (cp.VvA.231.--<i>bahu°</i> having many obligations,being very busy A.III,116 sq.--<i>bhatta°</i> meal DA.I,45 sq.; PvA.76; freq.in formula kata° (see kata),cp.kat-annakicca Dāvs.I,59.--<i>mata°</i> funeral rites PvA.274.--<i>sarīra°</i> the duties of the body,i.e.funeral rites PvA.74).‹-› Note.In comp<sup>n</sup> with kud° kicca appears as kuk-kucca (q.v.).<br><br> <i>--âkiccā</i> pl.(kicca+kicca,see Trenckner,<i>Notes</i> J.P.T.S.1908,127; cp.ṭhānāṭhāna,bhavābhava maggāmagga,phalāphala,etc.) duties of all kinds,various duties:ativasā assu kiccākiccesu “they shall serve me in all duties” Dh.74 (DhA.II,78=khuddakamahantesu karaṇīyesu “in small and great duties”); °esu yuttapayutto māṇavo (cp.a maid “of all work”) VvA.298; °esu ussukā endeavouring to do all duties Sn.298 (but expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 319 as “zeal in what is to be done and what is not to be done,” taken as kicca+ akicca cp.akicca); <i>--âdhikaraṇa</i> settlement of the agenda at formal meetings of a chapter Vin.II,89=III,164; III,168; V,101 sq.; 150 sq.; See Vin Texts III,45; <i>--kara</i> doing one’s duty S.I,91; Sn.676; <i>--karaṇīyāni</i> pl.=kiccākicca,various duties A.IV,87; <i>--kārin</i>=kiccakara A.III,443.(Page 213),5,1
  5914. 232016,en,15,kiccayata,kiccayatā,Kiccayatā,Kiccayatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.last] duty Vin.II,89 (k° karaṇīyatā); Miln.42.(Page 213),9,1
  5915. 232025,en,15,kiccha,kiccha,Kiccha,Kiccha,[see kasira] 1.(adj.) (a) distressed,in difficulty,poor,miserable,painful:kicchā vatâyaṃ idha vutti yaṃ jano passati kibbisakārī (miserable is the life of one who does wrong) Sn.676=parihīnattha,in poverty PvA.220 (kicco=kiccho).-- (b) difficult to obtain,hard,troublesome Dh.182 (kiccho manussapaṭilābho,DhA 235=dullabho).-- 2.(nt.) distress,misery,pain,suffering:kicchaṃ āpanno loko D.II,30; S.II,5; °ṃ vā so nigacchati “he gets into difficulties (i.e.becomes poor)” J.V,330 (=dukkhaṃ nigacchati); Vism.314; DhA.I,80.-- Oblique cases used adverbially:Instr.<i>kicchena</i> with difficulty J.I,147,191 (paṭijaggita); V,331 (id.) Abl.<i>kicchā</i> id.J.V,330.-- <i>akiccha</i> (°-) without difficulty,easily,in phrase akiccha-lābhin taking or sharing willingly (+kasira-lābhin) M.I,33,354=S.II,278 =A.II,23,36; A.III,31,114.<br><br> <i>--patta</i> fallen into misery Pv III,5<sup>4</sup> (=PvA.199 dukkhappatta) <i>--vuttin</i> living in misery,poor Pv.II,9<sup>14</sup> (=dukkhajīvita).(Page 213),6,1
  5916. 232110,en,15,kicchati,kicchati,Kicchati,Kicchati,[v.denom.fr.kiccha,cp.Sk.kṛcchrāyate] to be troubled,to be wearied,to suffer Th.1,962 (w.Acc.of obj.); usually with kilamati:k° kāyo kilamati Th.1,1073.Used in a play of words with vicikicchati by Bdhgh at DhsA.354 as “ārammaṇaṃ nicchetuṃ asakkonto kicchati kilamati” and at Bdhd.25 (on vicikicchā) as sabhāvaṃ vicinanto etāya kicchati kilamati.(Page 214),8,1
  5917. 232135,en,15,kidisa,kīdisa,Kīdisa,Kīdisa,(interr.adj.) [cp.Sk.kīdṛś=kiṃ dṛśa] what like? of what kind? which? (cp.tādisa) Sn.836,1089 (=kiṃ saṇṭhita Nd<sup>2</sup>; Pv.II,6<sup>3</sup>; PvA.50,51; VvA.76).-- As Np.S.IV,193.-- See also Kīrisa.(Page 217),6,1
  5918. 232174,en,15,kiki,kikī,Kikī,Kikī,[onomat.to sound-root <em>kṛ</em> (see note on gala),cp.Sk.kṛka-vāku cock,after the cry of the bird] 1.(m.) the blue jay (J.II,350 k.sakuṇo).-- 2.(f.) a hen (or the female of the jay?),in simile fr.the Apadāna of a hen watching her egg Vism.36 (aṇḍaṃ anurakkhamānā); J.III,375 (rakkhati); cp.SnA 317 (kikī sakuṇikā aṇḍassa upari seti).(Page 213),4,1
  5919. 232198,en,15,kikita,kikita,Kikita,Kikita,(?) dense,thick (?) SS at S.IV,289 (for kuṭṭhita),said of the heat.(Page 213),6,1
  5920. 232203,en,15,kila,kila,Kila,Kila,see kili (the sound click).(Page 216),4,1
  5921. 232212,en,15,kila,kīla,Kīla,Kīla,=a pin,a stake,see Khīla.(Page 217),4,1
  5922. 232225,en,15,kila,kīḷā,Kīḷā,Kīḷā,f.[fr.<em>krīḍ</em>,cp.Sk.krīḍā] play,sport,enjoyment; udakakīḷaṃ kīḷantī enjoying herself on the water PvA.189.-- uyyāna° amusement in the park DhA.I,220; IV,3; nakkhatta-kīḷaṃ kīḷati to celebrate a festival (i.e.the full moon when standing in a certain Nakkhatta) VvA.109,ThA.137; sāla-kīḷā sport in the sāla woods J.V,38; kīḷādhippāyena in play,for fun PvA.215; -- Cp.<i>kīḷikā</i>.<br><br> <i>--goḷa</i> a ball to play with Vism.254.<i>--goḷaka</i> id.Vism.256 (cp.KhA 53); ThA.255; <i>--pasuta</i> bent on play J.I,58; <i>--bhaṇḍaka</i> (nt.) toy Miln.229 (=kīḷāpanaka M.I,266); <i>--maṇḍala</i> play-circle,children’s games,playground J.VI,332; DhA.III,146; <i>--sālā</i> playhouse J.VI,332.(Page 217),4,1
  5923. 232261,en,15,kilama,kilama,Kilama,Kilama,[spelt klama,fr.<em>klam</em>] fatigue J.V,397 (=kilantabhāva).(Page 216),6,1
  5924. 232318,en,15,kilamatha,kilamatha,Kilamatha,Kilamatha,[fr.<em>klam</em>,in formation cp.samatha] tiredness,fatigue,exhaustion M.I,168; A.II,199; S.I,136; as kāya°,citta° S.V,128; as daratha° A.III,238; PvA.23; as niddā° A.II,48,50.(Page 216),9,1
  5925. 232340,en,15,kilamati,kilamati,Kilamati,Kilamati,[Sk.klamati,a variation of śramati <i>sri</i> from <i>sri</i> to lean,cp.kilanta,as “sleepy,” and Lat.clīnāre,clemens.To k › ś cp.kaṇṇa › śṛṇga,kilissati › śliṣyati,etc.The Dhtp (222) &#38; Dhtm (316) paraphrase <i>kilam</i> by gilāne.] 1.to go short of,to be in want of (Instr.) DhA.II,79; na piṇḍakena kilamati does not go short of food Vin.II,15,87; IV,23 sq.-- 2.to weary,to be wearied,tired,fatigued; to be in trouble or in misery PvA.215 (to be incommodated) 277 (be in distress); fut.kilamissāmi PvA.76.Cp.pari°.-- pp.<i>kilanta</i>.(Page 216),8,1
  5926. 232371,en,15,kilameti,kilameti,Kilameti,Kilameti,[denom.fr.kilama] to be tired or fatigued J.I,115; ppr.kilamayanto D.I,52.-- pp.<i>kilamita</i>.(Page 216),8,1
  5927. 232416,en,15,kilamita,kilamita,Kilamita,Kilamita,[pp.of kilameti] worn out,tired,fatigued PVII.8<sup>3</sup>.(Page 216),8,1
  5928. 232459,en,15,kilana,kīḷanā,Kīḷanā,Kīḷanā,(f.) [fr.same) playing,sport,amusement Nett 18; PvA.67; DhA.III,461 (nakkhatta° celebration).(Page 217),6,1
  5929. 232484,en,15,kilanaka,kīḷanaka,Kīḷanaka,Kīḷanaka,[fr.kīḷati] a plaything,a toy Th.2,384 (with ref.to the moon).(Page 217),8,1
  5930. 232548,en,15,kilanja,kilañjā,Kilañjā,Kilañjā,(f.) a mat of fibre or rushes,matting Vism.327; also a screen,a fascine,hurdle,faggots; a crate,crating:tassa gandhabbaṃ kilañjā-kaṇḍūvanaṃ viya hutvā ...J.II,249; “his music was like the scraping of a mat”; suvaṇṇa-kilañjā a gilt mat J.IV,212.As a fascine,used in making a road:DhA.I,442.as a screen (comb<sup>d</sup> with chatta,fan) PvA.127; as faggots:J.I,158; Miln.287; as a crate or basket,used by distillers:M.I,228= 374 (soṇḍikā-kilañjā) (cp.the trsl<sup>n</sup> under soṇḍa in J.P.T.S.1909); to which is likened the hood of a snake:S.I,106 (snake=māra).(Page 216),7,1
  5931. 232582,en,15,kilanta,kilanta,Kilanta,Kilanta,[pp.of kilamati] tired,exhausted,weary,either with <i>°kāya</i> tired in body PvA.43; VvA.65 (indicating the falling asleep); or °citta tired in mind D.I,20= III,32 (paduṭṭhacitta+,of the waning of the gods); or both <i>°kāya-citta</i> Pv III,2<sup>3</sup>; opp.akilanta-kāya-citta alert,vigorous; with sound body and mind.(Page 216),7,1
  5932. 232637,en,15,kilapanaka,kīḷāpanaka,Kīḷāpanaka,Kīḷāpanaka,1.(nt.) a plaything,toy M.I,266,384; a list given at A.V,203.-- 2.(adj.) one who makes play J.IV,308 (sappa° a snake-trainer,cp.sappaṃ kīḷāpeti J.II,267).(Page 217),10,1
  5933. 232699,en,15,kilasa,kilāsa,Kilāsa,Kilāsa,[cp.Sk.kilāsa] a cutaneous disease,perhaps leprosy,enum<sup>d</sup> under the var.diseases (ābādhā) together with kuṭṭha gaṇḍa k° sosa Vin.II,271; A.V,110; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>1</sup>.(Page 216),6,1
  5934. 232718,en,15,kilasika,kilāsika,Kilāsika,Kilāsika, &#38; °iya (adj.) [fr.last] afflicted with a cutaneous disease,a leper,in same comb<sup>n</sup> as kilāsa,Vin.I,93; Kvu 31 (°iya).(Page 216),8,1
  5935. 232731,en,15,kilasu,kilāsu,Kilāsu,Kilāsu,[fr.<em>sram</em>,cp.kilamatha.E Müller P.Gr.38= glāsnu,<em>glā</em>,cp.gilāna] exhausted,tired of (c.Dat.or inf.) Vin.III,8; <i>a°</i> untiring in (c.Dat.or Acc.) S.I,47; V,162; J.I,109; Miln.382.(Page 216),6,1
  5936. 232750,en,15,kilati,kīḷati,Kīḷati,Kīḷati,[Sk.krīḍati] to play,sport,enjoy or amuse oneself Vin.IV,112 (udake k.sport in the water); Pv.II,1<sup>21</sup> (=indriyāni paricarāmi PvA.77) D.II,196; J.V,38; Th.2,147; PvA.16,67,77,189; -- c.Acc.to celebrate:<i>nakkhattaṃ</i> J.I,50; VvA.63; PvA.73; ThA.137; chaṇaṃ DhA.III,100.-- pp.<i>kīḷita</i>.Caus.II.<i>kīḷāpeti</i> to make play,to train J.II,267 (sappaṃ to train or tame a snake).(Page 217),6,1
  5937. 232791,en,15,kilesa,kilesa,Kilesa,Kilesa,(and <i>klesa</i>) [from kilissati] 1.stain,soil,impurity,fig.affliction; in a moral sense,depravity,lust.Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works,very frequent,where it is approx.tantamount to our terms lower,or unregenerate nature,sinful desires,vices,passions.<br><br> 1.Kilesa as obstacle (see °āvaraṇa,°-sampayutta,°-vippayutta,°pahāna) Ps.I,33; Sdhp.455; bhikkhu bhinnakileso “one whose passions are broken up” Vbh.246,PvA.51; upasanta kileso “one whose passions are calmed” PvA.230; no ce pi jātu puriso kilese vāto yathā abbhaghanaṃ vihāne Sn.348; pariyodapeyya attānaṃ cittaklesehi paṇḍito S.V,24=A.V,232,253=Dh.88.2.Occurs in such combinations as kilesā ca khandhā ca abhisaṅkhārā ca Nd<sup>2</sup> 487; kilesa+khandha:Ps.I,69‹-› 72; II,36,140; cp.Vbh.44,68; kilesa+saṃsāra PvA.7; kammaṃ kilesā hetu saṃsārassa Nett 113,cp.191.‹-› 3.kilesa also occurs in a series explanatory of taṇhā,in the stereotype comb<sup>n</sup> of t.,diṭṭhi,kilesa “clinging to existence,false ideas and lust” (see Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.taṇhā v.).-- 4.In the same function it stands with rāga,viz.rāga dosa moha kilesa,i.e.sensuality,bewilderment and lust (see Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.rāga II.),cp.Dhs.982,1006.‹-› The grouping as <i>dasa</i> kilesa-vatthūni is:lobha dosa moha māna diṭṭhi vicikicchā thīnaṃ uddhaccaṃ ahirikaṃ anottappaṃ Dhs.1548=Vbh.341; Vism.683; mentioned at Ps.I,130.-- These with the exception of the last two,are also grouped as <i>aṭṭha</i> k°-vatthūni at Vbh.385.-As three kilesas (past,present and future) at Ps.II,217.-- 5.The giving up of kilesa is one of the four essentials of perfection:the recognition of evil,the removal of its source (which is kilesa),the meditation on the Path,and the realization of the extinction of evil (see Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.dukkha II.).Kilesa in this connection interchanges with samudaya,as denoting the origin of evil; cp.samudayo kilesā Nett 191.<br><br> <i>--āvaraṇa</i> the obstacle of lust Vbh.342 Pug.13; Vism.177; °āvaraṇatā id.A.III,436; <i>--kkhaya</i> the destruction of lust Bdhd 81; <i>--paripantha</i> danger of lust J.VI,57; <i>--pahāna</i> the giving up of worldly lust Vin.III,92 sq.,IV.25; Bdhd 129,131; <i>--puñja</i> the heap of lusts; consisting of ten qualities,viz.the four āhārā (etc.four of each:),vipallāsā,upādānāni,yogā,gandhā,āsavā,oghā,sallā,viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo,agatigamanāni.Nett 113,114; 116 sq.<i>--bhūmi</i> the substratum or essence of lust Nett 2,192; there are four mentioned at Nett 161:anusaya°,pariyuṭṭhāna°,saṃyojana°,upādāna°; <i>--māra</i> death which is the consequence of sinful desire DhA.I,317 (in expl.of Māra); <i>--vatthūni</i> (pl.) the (10) divisions of kilesa (see above) Dhs.1229,1548; Vism.20.<i>--vinaya</i> the discipline of lust Nett 22; <i>--vippayutta</i> free from lust (dhamma principles,to which belongs Nibbāna) Dhs.1555; <i>--sampayutta</i> connected or affected with lust Dhs.1554 (as 12 principles); Vbh.18=30=44=56,68,80,96,120,323.(Page 216),6,1
  5938. 234065,en,15,kileseti,kileseti,Kileseti,Kileseti,[v.den.fr.kilesa] to become soiled or stained (fig.):indriyāni kilesenti Sdhp.364.(Page 217),8,1
  5939. 234161,en,15,kili,kili,Kili,Kili,(sometimes <i>kila</i>) [onomat.fr.sound-root <em>kḷ</em>] 1.indecl.the sound “click,” of the noise of a trap when shutting J.I,243; II,363,397 (as “kilī”).-- Also repeated “kilikilī ti” click,click J.I,70.-- 2.as n.f.tinkling,clicking,ticking (cp.kiṇi),in kiliṃ karoti to tinkle J.V,203.(Page 216),4,1
  5940. 234174,en,15,kilijjati,kilijjati,Kilijjati,Kilijjati,[med-pass.of <i>kilid</i>=Sk.<em>klid</em>,to be wet.prob.= <em>śliṣ</em> to stick to,and confounded with <em>svid</em>,cp.also kelana &#38; khela.The meaning “to get wet,to be soiled” only in pp.<i>kilinna</i>.-- The Dhtm (199),however,expl<sup>s</sup> k.by parideva lament,to be in trouble,which is not quite in harmony with the meaning; it is more likely that in P.we have a confusion between <i>klid </i>&<i> kliś</i> in a meaning which differs from Sk.] to become heated,to get into a state of inflammation,to fester (of wounds) Vin.I,205 (vaṇo kilijjittha festered); Sn.671 (gloss for kilissati,expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 481 by pūti hoti).-- pp.<i>kilinna</i>.See also <i>ukkiledeti</i> (to clean out a stain,to “disinfect”).(Page 216),9,1
  5941. 234181,en,15,kilika,kīḷikā,Kīḷikā,Kīḷikā,(f.) play,sport,amusement; always --°,like kumāra° D.II,196; uyyāna° (sport in the garden) J.III,275; IV,23,390; udaka° ThA.186.(Page 217),6,1
  5942. 234184,en,15,kilikilayati,kilikilāyati,Kilikilāyati,Kilikilāyati,[denom.fr.kili with reduplication] to tinkle J.V,206; (freq.fr.kili or den.fr.kilikilā; cp.kilakilā “shouting for joy” AvŚ I.48 and in cpd.hāhākārakilakilā “shouting hā-hā and hail-hail” ibid.I.67 MVastu III,312 and Divy 459).See also kiṇakiṇāyati.Note.--<i>Kil</i> is one of the variations of the sound-imitating q<sup>e</sup>l,which otherwise appears as q<sup>a</sup>l,q<sup>u</sup>l in Gr.kel-ados,L.cal-are,Ohg.hell-an (cp.Sk.krandati?) also Gr.klάzw,L.clango,Goth.hlahjan (“laugh”) and in Sk kolāhala,kokila,cp.cuculus (cuckoo) and perhaps Sk.ululī,ulūka (owl),Gr.o)lolu/zw,L.ululare.See also the cognate q<sup>e</sup>r under kitti.(Page 216),12,1
  5943. 234197,en,15,kilinna,kilinna,Kilinna,Kilinna,[pp.of kilijjati] 1.wet,usually with saliva and perspiration Vin.III,37; J.I,61 (lālā°),164 (kheḷa°); DA.I,284 (assu°); VvA.67 (seda°).-- 2.The other meaning of <i>kilid</i> (to get inflamed) is to be found in kilinna-sarīra (adj.) with an inflamed body (i.e.suffering from a skin-disease),which is Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>okilinī:</i> see under <i>okiraṇa</i>.(Page 216),7,1
  5944. 234238,en,15,kilissana,kilissana,Kilissana,Kilissana,(nt.) getting dirty,staining J.I,8.(Page 216),9,1
  5945. 234271,en,15,kilissati,kilissati,Kilissati,Kilissati,[Sk.kliśyati=<em>kliś</em> or <em>śliṣ</em> to adhere,cp.P.kheḷa and silesuma or semha,Sk.śleṣma,slime.Same root as Gr.lei/mac snail; Ags.slīm slime.Another,specifically Pali,meaning is that of going bad,being vexed,with ref.to a heated state.This lies at the bottom of the Dhtp.(445) &#38; Dhtm.(686) expl<sup>n</sup> by upatāpe.] 1.to get wet,soiled or stained,to dirty oneself,be impure It.76 (of clothes,in the passing away of a deva); Th.1,954 (kilisissanti,for kilissanti); Ps.I,130.Kilisseyya Dh.158 (expl<sup>d</sup> as nindaṃ labhati) to do wrong.Cp.pari°.(Page 216),9,1
  5946. 234295,en,15,kilita,kīḷita,Kīḷita,Kīḷita,[pp.of kīḷati] played or having played,playing,sporting; celebrated (of a festival) A.IV,55 (hasitalapita°); PvA.76 (sādhu°).--(nt.) amusement,sport,celebration M.I,229 (kīḷita-jātaṃ kīḷati).Cp.sahapaṃsu°°; see also keḷi &#38; khiḍḍā.(Page 217),6,1
  5947. 234319,en,15,kilittha,kiliṭṭha,Kiliṭṭha,Kiliṭṭha,[pp of kilissati] 1.soiled,stained,impure; of gatta,limbs J.I,129; of cīvara,cloak Bdhd 92; of vattha,clothes DhA.II,261; of pāvāra-puppha,mango blossom KhA 58=Vism.258.-- 2.unclean,lustful (morally) bad,in <i>°kamma</i> dirty pursuit,i.e.cohabitation J.IV,190; PvA.195 (of a gaṇikā); together with <i>kuthita</i> Miln.250.(Page 216),8,1
  5948. 234416,en,15,kiloma,kiloma,Kiloma,Kiloma,[=next?] at J.III,49 taken as syn.of loma,hair and used in sense of pharusa,shaggy,rough (in kiloma maṃsakhaṇḍa as simile for kiloma-vācā).(Page 217),6,1
  5949. 234424,en,15,kilomaka,kilomaka,Kilomaka,Kilomaka,[=Sk.kloman,the right lung,cp.Greek pleu/mwn,Lat.pulmo] the pleura M.I,185 = Kh III,Nett 77=Vbh.193; J.IV,292; Miln.26.Discussed in detail at Vism.257,357.(Page 217),8,1
  5950. 234446,en,15,kim,kiṃ,Kiṃ,Kiṃ,[nt.of rel.pron.ka] 1.as nt.subst.what? sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ what is the obstruction? Sn.1032; kiṃ tava patthanāya what is it about your wish,i.e.what good is your wish? VvA.226; kim idaṃ this is what,that is why,therefore,PvA.11; often with su in dubitative question:kiṃ sū’dha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ what,then,is the best treasure of man in this world? Sn.181; or with nu:kiṃ nu kho what is it then (in series evañ nu kho,na nu kho,kathaṃ nu kho) Nd<sup>2</sup> 186.-- Gen.kissa of what? Pv.I,9<sup>1</sup>; II,9<sup>40</sup> (=kīdisassa) and in kissa hetu on the ground of what i.e.why? Sn.1131; Pv.II,8<sup>1</sup> (=kiṃ nimittaṃ).-- Instr.kena by what or how is it that:kena ssu nivuto loko Sn.1032.-- Acc.kiṃ:kiṃ kāhasi what will you do? Sn.428; kiṃ āgamma kiṃ ārabbha on what grounds &#38; for what reason? D.I,13,14,etc.; kiṃ nissita to what purpose Sn.1043.-- Loc.,kismiṃ in what or what about:kismiṃ vivādo “what is the quarrel about?” D.I,237; or kimhi,e.g.kimhi sikkhamāno in what instructed? D.II,241 (corresponds to ettha=in this).The ṃ of kiṃ in Sandhi is either elided or contracted or undergoes the usual Sandhi changes; ki ha=kiṃ ha KhA 78,kissa=kiṃ assa Sn.1032; kīdisa (q.v.)=kiṃ disa; kiñci (see below)=kiṃ cid; kiṃ va a little:see kittaka.-- 2.as interr.particle,introducing a question=Lat.nonne,Gr.a)/n:kiṃ idāni pi dinne te labheyyuṃ? “Will they receive that which is given now?” PvA.22.So as disjunctive particle in comb.with udāhu (whether-or):kiṃ-udāhu what (about this) ...or is it (otherwise),is it so ...or is it not so? (cp.pόteron-h)/,Lat.utrum-an):kim imasmiṃ attabhāve pitaraṃ pucchasi udāhu atīte? “do you enquire about your father in this existence,or in a past one?” PvA.38; kiṃ nakkhattaṃ kīḷissasi udāhu bhatiṃ karissasi? “Will you take a holiday or will you work?” VvA.63.-- Very often modified and intensified by other exhortative particles:kiṃ aññatra (with Abl.) unless (by),except for Sn.206 (see aññatra) kin nu kho why,but why,why in the world? D.II,131; J.II,159; DhA II.91.As <i>kimo</i> in kimo nu why then? J.III,373; V,479 (=kim eva); <i>kimu</i> Sdhp.137; <i>kim pana</i>=nonne:kim pana bhante addasa? “Have you not seen?” D.II,132; kim pana tvaṃ maññasi what then do you think=do you not think then,that? ...J.I,171; <i>kim aṅga</i> how much more or less,i.e.far more,or far less Miln.274 as <i>kim aṅga pana</i> why then? M.III,181; Miln.23; Vism.233; <i>kin ti</i> how then? D.II,74; kin ti te sutaṃ have you not heard? D.I,104; kintikaro= kathaṅkaro q.v.; <i>kiñca</i> (cp.kiñcâpi under kiñci)= num-que,nonne; is it not that,rather J.I,135 (expl<sup>d</sup> in c.by garahatte ca anuggahatthe nipāto).-- <i>kiñci</i> in comb.with yaṃ or yad:whatever; in other comb<sup>n</sup> positive:some,neg.:na kiñci nothing; yad atthi kiñci whatever there is of ...Sn.231; n’atthi kiñci there is nothing:see under atthi and kiñcana; kiñci n’atthi loke there is nothing in this world ...Sn.1122.‹-› <i>kiñcâpi</i> whatever,however much:kiñcâpi te tattha yatā caranti “however much they endeavour in this” Sn.1080; J.I,147; It.114; KhA 187,190.Same as disjunctive conjunction with foll.pana:(=Lat.quamvis) <i>kiñcâpi hi </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> pana</i> although ...yet DhA.I,391; kiñcâpi with pot....atha kho although-yet; it may be that --but S.I,72.-- 3.In composition (°-) often implying doubt,uncertainty (“what is it,that is so &#38; so?”),or expressing strangeness (:doubtful likeness),e.g.<i>kinnara a</i> kind of man (but not sure about it),a half-man; <i>kimpakka</i> odd-looking or doubtful (poisonous) fruit; <i>kimpurisa</i> a strange man (doubtful whether man or beast); cp.kiṃsuka.<br><br> <i>--akkhāyin</i> preaching what? in conn.with kiṃ vādin saying what? i.e.holding what views? A.I,62; <i>--atthaṃ</i> for what purpose J.I,279.<i>--atthiya</i> to what purpose J.IV,239; Miln.19; VvA.230; to any purpose,of any use S.V,171; <i>--abhiñña</i> having what name? J.VI,126.<i>--kara</i> doing whatever (his duty),a servant,in k°-patissāvin an obedient servant D.I,60 (cp.expl<sup>n</sup> at DA.I,168) A.III,37; IV,265 sq.; ThA.252; <i>--karaṇīya</i> business,occupation A.III,113,116,258; V,24,90,338; <i>--kāraṇā</i> (Abl.of kāraṇa) by reason of what,i.e.why? PvA.25; <i>--kusalagavesin</i> striving after that which is good M.I,163=240; <i>--jacca</i> of what caste? Sn.p.80; <i>--nāma</i> of what name? Miln.15,17; DhA.III,397 (both konāma and kiṃnāma).<i>--pakka</i> strange or unknown (doubtful) fruit,in °rukkha a tree with odd fruit (i.e.poisonous fruit,cp.Rām.II.66,6; Kern,Toev.s.v.takes it to be Strychnos nux vomica) J.I,368.<i>--purisa</i> 1.a wild man of the woods J.IV,254; VI,272,497.-- 2.=kinnara (q.v.) A.I,77; J.V,42,416.f.kimpurisī J.V,215,216.<i>--phala</i>=°pakka,in °rukkha a tree with unknown (poisonous) fruit J.I,271.<i>--rukkha</i> what kind of tree J.V,203.<i>--vādin</i> holding what view? A.I,62; <i>--samācāra (a)</i> of what conduct,in comb.with; <i>--sīla</i> of what character Sn.324 (=SnA 331).(Page 212),3,1
  5951. 234701,en,15,kimi,kimi,Kimi,Kimi,m.[Vedic kṛmi] a worm,vermin:setā kimī kaṇhasīsā A.III,241; Miln.272; DA.I,199; -- As animal of death and putrefaction M.I,507; J.I,146; Sn.201; esp.with ref.to the punishment of Petas:Pv.I,3<sup>1</sup>; Th.2,439; PvA.192; Sdhp.603.As glow-worm M.II,34; 41 (with khajjopanaka); sālaka° a very minute insect Miln.312.In similes:Th.1,1175 (kimī va mīlhasallitto); Vism.500,598.In cpd.kimi-kula the worm kind (genus worm) Miln.100; Vism.235; °gaṇa crowd of worms Vism.314.(Page 215),4,1
  5952. 234756,en,15,kimina,kimina,Kimina,Kimina,(adj.) [from kimi] covered with worms J.V,270.(Page 215),6,1
  5953. 234851,en,15,kimsuka,kiṃsuka,Kiṃsuka,Kiṃsuka,[kiṃ+su+ka] N.of a tree (creeper),lit.“whatever-like,” or “what do you call it,” i.e.strange tree (see kiṃ su &#38; kiṃ 3),pop.name for the Butea frondosa S.IV,193 (parable of the k.); J.II,265 (°opama-jātaka); V,405; VI,536.Perhaps v.l.at SnA 284.<br><br> <i>--puppha</i> the (red) flower of the k.tree Vism.252.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> of the colour of the k.(flower) J.I,73 (aṅgārā ashes).(Page 213),7,1
  5954. 234882,en,15,kinakinayati,kiṇakiṇāyati,Kiṇakiṇāyati,Kiṇakiṇāyati,[=kiṅkiṇāyati,denom.fr.kiṅkiṇi,small bell] to tinkle; also spelt kiṇikiṇāyati J.III,315.See also kilikilāyati and cp.Sk.kiṭikiṭāyati to grind (one’s teeth) &#38; Prk.kiḍikiḍiya (chattering) Weber,Bhagavatī p.289; also BSk.kaṭakaṭāyati Tal.Vist.251.See taṭataṭayati &#38; note on gala.(Page 214),12,1
  5955. 234901,en,15,kinati,kiṇāti,Kiṇāti,Kiṇāti,[<em>krī</em> Vedic kriṇāti] to buy Vism.318; pot.<i>kiṇe</i> J.V,375; ger.<i>kiṇitvā</i> M.I,384; J.I,92,94; inf.<i>kiṇituṃ</i> J.III,282.(Page 214),6,1
  5956. 234923,en,15,kincana,kiñcana,Kiñcana,Kiñcana,(adj.-nt.) [kiṃ+cana,equal to kiṃ+ci,indef.pron.] only in neg.sentences:something,anything.From the freq.context in the older texts it has assumed the moral implication of something that sticks or adheres to the character of a man,and which he must get rid of,if he wants to attain to a higher moral condition.‹-› Def.as the 3 impurities of character (rāga,dosa,moha) at D.III,217; M.I,298; S.IV,297; Vbh.368; Nd<sup>2</sup> 206<sup>b</sup> (adding māna,diṭṭhi,kilesa,duccarita); as obstruction (palibujjhana),consisting in rāga,etc.at DhA.III,258 (on Dh.200).Khīṇa-saṃsāro na c’atthi kiñcanaṃ “he has destroyed saṃsāra and there is no obstruction (for him)” Th.1,306.n’āhaṃ kassaci kiñcanaṃ tasmiṃ na ca mama katthaci kiñcanaṃ n’atthi “I am not part of anything (i.e.associated with anything),and herein for me there is no attachment to anything” A.II,177.‹-› akiñcana (adj.) having nothing Miln.220.-- In special sense “being without a moral stain,” def.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 5 as not having the above (3 or 7) impurities.Thus freq.an attribute of an Arahant:“yassa pure ca pacchā ca majjhe ca n’atthi kiñcanaṃ akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ tam ahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇan” Dh.421=Sn.645,cf.Th.I,537; kāme akiñcano “not attached to kāma” as Ep.of a khīṇāsava A.V,232 sq.=253 sq.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with anādāna:Dh.421; Sn.620,645,1094.-Akiñcano kāmabhave asatto “having nothing and not attached to the world of rebirths” Vin.I,36; Sn.176,1059; --akiñcanaṃ nânupatanti dukkhā “ill does not befall him who has nothing” S.I,23.-- <i>sakiñcana</i> (adj.) full of worldly attachment Sn.620=DA.246.(Page 214),7,1
  5957. 235007,en,15,kincikkha,kiñcikkha,Kiñcikkha,Kiñcikkha,(nt.) [E.Mūller P.Gr.p.35 expl<sup>s</sup> kiñcid+ka] a trifle,a small thing:yaṃ vā taṃ vā appamattakaṃ Sn.121; 131; PugA 210 (III,4).āmisa-kiñcikkha-hetu “for the sake of a little gain” A.I,128=Pug.29; at Pv.II,8<sup>3</sup> as āmisa-kiñci-hetu (but all vv.ll.B.have °kiñcakkha°) “for some food” (expl<sup>d</sup> at PvA.107:kiñci āmisaṃ patthento); --katā kiñcikkhabāvanā at S.IV,118 is evidently corrupt (v.l.°bhādhanā for bādhanā? ).<br><br> <i>--kamyatā</i> in the desire for some little thing Sn.121 (cp.SnA 179:appamattake kismiñcid eva icchāya).(Page 214),9,1
  5958. 235034,en,15,kinha,kiṇha,Kiṇha,Kiṇha,(adj.) [see kaṇha; DA.I,254 kiṇhā ti kaṇhā,kāḷakā ti attho] black; in the stock phrase muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā k° bandhupādâpaccā D.I,90=116; S.IV,117; M.I,334; II,177; in a moral sense=bad,wicked,with nâlam-ariyā dhammā D.I,163.(Page 214),5,1
  5959. 235037,en,15,kini,kiṇi,Kiṇi,Kiṇi,(indecl.) a part.,expressing the sound of a small bell:“tink” DhA.I,339 (v.l.kiri; see also kili and note on gala).(Page 214),4,1
  5960. 235069,en,15,kinjakkha,kiñjakkha,Kiñjakkha,Kiñjakkha,(m.nt.) [cp.Sk.kiñjalka &#38; remarks at Aufrecht Halāyudha p.186] a filament,esp.of the lotus S.III,130; J.I,60,183; V,39; Vv 22<sup>1</sup>; --vāri° Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup> (=kesara PvA.77) in comb<sup>n</sup> with kesara VvA.12,111,175.(Page 214),9,1
  5961. 235086,en,15,kinkanika,kiṅkaṇika,Kiṅkaṇika,Kiṅkaṇika,(m.nt.) [=kiṅkiṇika] a small bell J.IV,362; VvA.12.(Page 213),9,1
  5962. 235125,en,15,kinkinika,kiṅkiṇika,Kiṅkiṇika,Kiṅkiṇika,(m.nt.) [onomat.formation fr.sound part.kiṇi,see note on gala] a small bell J.IV,259,413; (suvaṇṇa°); Vv 78<sup>1</sup> (=kiṅkiṇi VvA.303); Vin.III,42 (kiṅkiṇikā saddo).<br><br> <i>--jāla</i> a net or fringe of tinkling bells D.II,183; J.I,32; DhA.I,274.(Page 213),9,1
  5963. 235145,en,15,kinna,kiṇṇa,Kiṇṇa,Kiṇṇa,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of kirati] strewn,scattered,covered; only in comp<sup>n</sup> with profixes:ā°,o°,ud°,upa°,pari°,saṃ°; see also appa°.(Page 214),5,1
  5964. 235146,en,15,kinna,kiṇṇa,Kiṇṇa,Kiṇṇa,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.kiṇva] ferment,yeast; Vin.II,116; VvA.73.(Page 214),5,1
  5965. 235156,en,15,kinnama,kinnāma,Kinnāma,Kinnāma,see under kiṃ.(Page 215),7,1
  5966. 235169,en,15,kinnara,kinnara,Kinnara,Kinnara,[kiṃ+nara,lit.what-man,see kiṃ 3] a little bird with a head like a man’s] J.IV,106,254,438,V.47,456; Mil 267.Canda kinnara Np.J.I,91,VI,283,VI,74.‹-› f.<i>kinnarā</i> Np.of a queen J.V,437 sq.,and <i>kinnarī</i> Th.2,381 (cp.ThA.255),J.II,121 (matta-kinnarī viya),230; IV,432 sq.Cp.kimpurisa.(Page 215),7,1
  5967. 235254,en,15,kipillika,kipillikā,Kipillikā,Kipillikā,(f.) &#38; <i>Kipillaka</i> (nt.) [Cp.Sk.pipīlikā,see Trenckner,Notes,p.108] an ant Sn.602 (kuntha°); DhA.I,360; J.IV,142 (kuntha°); V,39 (tamba°-°āni); Miln.272.-- <i>kipillaka</i> J.I,487 (v.l.BB.for pillaka); IV,375 (tamba°-puṭa); DhA.IV,134 (v.l.SS.for T.pillaka).-- Cp.kuntha &#38; pipīlikā.(Page 215),9,1
  5968. 235277,en,15,kira,kira,Kira,Kira,( &#38; Kila) [Vedic kila] adv.1.emphatic:really,truly,surely.(Gr.dή) -- 2.presumptive (with pres.or fut.):I should think one would expect.-- 3.narrative (with aor.):now,then,you know (Gr.de,Lat.at,G.aber).‹-› kira in continuous story is what “iti” is in direct or indirect speech.It connects new points in a narrative with something preceding,either as expected or guessed.It is aoristic in character (cp.Sk.sma).In questions it is dubitative,while in ordinary statements it gives the appearance of probability,rather than certainty,to the sentence.Therefore the definitions of commentators:“people say” or “I have heard”:kirasaddo anussavane:“kira refers to a report by hearsay” PvA.103; kira-saddo anussav’atthe J.I,158; VvA.322 are conventional and one-sided,and in both cases do not give the meaning required at the specified passages.The same holds good for J.I,158 &#38; II.430 (kirā ti anussavatthe nipāto).-- 1.mahantaṃ kira Bārāṇasirajjaṃ “the kingdom of B.is truly great” J.I,126; attā hi kira duddamo “self is difficult to subdue,we know” Dh.159; amoghaṃ kira me puṭṭhaṃ Sn.356.-- na kira surely not Sn.840; J.I,158.-- 2.esā kira Visākhā nāma “that I presume is the Visākhā” (of whom we have heard) DhA.I,399; petā hi kira jānanti “the petas,I should say,will know” Pv.II,7<sup>10</sup>; evaṃ kira Uttare? “I suppose this is so,Uttarā” VvA.69.evaṃ kira saggaṃ gamissatha “thus you will surely go to Heaven” Vv 82<sup>8</sup>; “I hear” DhA.I,392.-- 3.atīte kira with aor.once upon a time ...PvA.46,etc.; so kira pubbe ...akāsi,at one time,you know,he had made ...J.I,125; sā kira dāsī adāsi now the maid gave her ...PvA.46; cp.J.I,195,etc.(Page 215),4,1
  5969. 235287,en,15,kira,kīra,Kīra,Kīra,[cp.Sk.kīra] a parrot Abhp 640 (cp.cirīṭi).(Page 217),4,1
  5970. 235299,en,15,kirana,kiraṇa,Kiraṇa,Kiraṇa,(nt.) 1.[fr.<i>kṛ</i>,karoti to do] an occupation,place of work,workshop J.IV,223.Cp.kita &#38; kittima.‹-› 2.[fr.<i>kṛ</i>,kirati to scatter,cp.pp.kiṇṇa] scattering,effusion (of sun rays),effulgence VvA.169,199.(Page 215),6,1
  5971. 235312,en,15,kirasa,kirāsa,Kirāsa,Kirāsa,(adj.) [a by-form of kirāṭa] false,fraudulent J.IV,223 (=kerāṭika).(Page 215),6,1
  5972. 235324,en,15,kirata,kirāta,Kirāta,Kirāta,( &#38; kirāṭa) [prob.dial.] a man of a tribe of junglemen,classed with dwarfs among the attendants of a chief DA.I,148.See on the Kirāta as a mountain tribe Zimmer,Altindisches Leben p.34.Cp.also apakiritūna &#38; okirati<sup>2</sup>,okiraṇa.-- A secondary meaning of kirāṭa is that of a fraudulent merchant,a cheat (see kirāsa &#38; kerāṭika).(Page 215),6,1
  5973. 235338,en,15,kirati,kirati,Kirati,Kirati,[kīr] to scatter,strew; not found in simples,only in cpds.apa°,abbhuk°,abhi°,ava° (o°),pari°,vi°.See also pp.,<i>kiṇṇa<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 215),6,1
  5974. 235367,en,15,kirisa,kīrisa,Kīrisa,Kīrisa,=kīdisa Th.2,385 (cp.ThA.256).(Page 217),6,1
  5975. 235385,en,15,kiritin,kirīṭin,Kirīṭin,Kirīṭin,(adj.) enveloped,adorned Pv III,9<sup>1</sup> (=veṭhitasīsa).(Page 216),7,1
  5976. 235396,en,15,kiriya,kiriya,Kiriya,Kiriya,Kiriyā &#38; Kriyā [abstr.fr.karoti] 1.(n.) -- (a) (-°) action,performance,deed; the doing=fulfilment; cp.°karaṇa,anta°,making an end of,putting a stop to (dukkhassa) S.III,149; IV,93; Sn.454,725; --kāla° “fulfilment of one’s time” i.e.death S.III,122; Pv.I,10<sup>12</sup>; Sn.694; Pug.17; kusala° performance of good actions S.I,101; V,456; dāna° the bestowing of gifts PvA.123; pāpa° commission of sin Pug.19=23; puñña° the performance of good works S.I,87=89=A.III,48; a° PvA.54 maṅgala° celebration of a festival PvA.86; massu-kiriyā the dressing of the beard J.III,314 (cp.m-karaṇa and kappanā); sacchi° realization,see s.v.<i>--akiriyā</i> the non-performance of,omission,abstaining from (a° akaraṇa=veramaṇī) J.III,530; Vbh.285.‹-› (b) an act in a special sense=promise,vow,dedication,intention,pledge:PvA.18; justice:Miln.171; kiriyaṃ bhindati to break one’s vow Miln.206.-- (c) philosophically:action ineffective as to result,non-causative,an action which ends in itself (Mrs.Rh.D.in Dhs.trsl.xciii.),inoperative (see Cpd.19).In this sense it is grouped with kamma (cp.for relation kamma:kiriyā= Ger.sache:ursache).Thus is the theory of Makkhali:n’atthi kammaṃ,n’atthi kiriyaṃ n’atthi viriyan ti= there is no karma,no after-effect and no vigour in this world A.I,286 (different at D.I,53); n’atthi kiriyā it does not matter M.I,405.-- 2.(adj.) (a) making no difference,indefinite; of no result,as def.of avyākatā dhammā Vbh.106,182=302=Dhs.566 and 989 (manodhātu kiriyā neva kusalā nâkusalā na ca kammavipākā:indifferent,neither good nor bad and having no fruit of kamma),same of jhāna Vbh.268=281; DhsA.388.-- (b) indecisive,in akiriyaṃ vyākaroti to give an indecisive answer,to reply evasively D.I,53 and≈<br><br> <i>--pada</i> (ttg.) the verb (i.e.that which supplies the action) VvA.315; <i>--vāda</i> (adj.) promulgating the (view of a) consequence of action,believing in merit and demerit,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with kammavāda (q.v.) also °vādin:D.I,115 (of Gotama) A.I,62; Vin.I,71; <i>a°</i>‹-› denying the difference between merit &#38; demerit A.IV,174=Vin.I,234; 242,Vin.III,2; A.IV,180 sq.; S.III,73.(+natthikavāda); <i>--vādin</i> adj.to prec.A.I,62; <i>--hetu</i> being a cause of discrimination Dhs.1424 sq.(Page 215),6,1
  5977. 235676,en,15,kiriyata,kiriyatā,Kiriyatā,Kiriyatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.last] the performance of (-°),state of,etc.See sakkacca°,sacchi°,sātacca°.(Page 216),8,1
  5978. 235680,en,15,kiriyati,kiriyati,Kiriyati,Kiriyati,[Pass.of kirati or karoti] to be affected or moved Vism.318.(Page 215),8,1
  5979. 235747,en,15,kisa,kisa,Kisa,Kisa,(adj.) [Sk.kṛśa,perhaps to Lat.gracilis,slim] lean,haggard,emaciated,opp.thūla fat (VvA.103).As Ep.of ascetics Sn.165,Dh.395=Th.1,243; esp.as Ep.of petas:Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup>; Sn.426,585; Sdhp.101; Miln.303.For phrase kisa-dhamani-santhata see the latter.(Page 217),4,1
  5980. 235779,en,15,kisaka,kisaka,Kisaka,Kisaka,=kisa Vin.I,36=J.I,83; f.kisikā Th.2,27.(Page 217),6,1
  5981. 235839,en,15,kissati,kissati,Kissati,Kissati,[den.fr.kisa] 1.to get thin,to become exhausted,to waste,weary,worry J.VI,495 (pret.mā kisittha= C.mā kisā bhava).-- 2.[Pass.of kassati,<em>kṛṣ</em>] see pari° (Page 217),7,1
  5982. 235843,en,15,kissava,kissava,Kissava,Kissava,in neg.akissava at S.I,149 is doubtful in origin and meaning.The trsl<sup>n</sup> gives “without wisdom.” Should we read akittima or akiñcana,as we suggested under a°,although this latter does not quite agree with the sense required? (Page 217),7,1
  5983. 235852,en,15,kita,kita,Kita,Kita,[pp.of <em>kṛ</em>,with i for a,cp.kiraṇa for karaṇa.The Dhtp.expl<sup>d</sup> by nivāsane] 1.adorned:mālā° adorned with garlands Vin.III,249.-- 2.soiled,only in cpds.<i>kaṇṇa°</i> said of a wall,also of the ground at Vin.I,48= II.209; and <i>paṃsu°</i>,soiled with dust Vin.II,121,174.(Page 214),4,1
  5984. 235862,en,15,kita,kīṭa,Kīṭa,Kīṭa,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kīṭa] a general term for insect DhA.I,187; usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with paṭaṅga,beetle (moth?) M.III,168 (with puḷava); Sn.602; J.VI,208; Miln.272 (°vaṇṇa); PvA.67; Vism.115.<i>kīṭa</i> at J.V,373 means a kind of shield (=cāṭipāla ? c.),the reading should prob.be <i>kheṭa</i>.(Page 217),4,1
  5985. 235873,en,15,kita,kīta,Kīta,Kīta,[pp.of kiṇāti] bought J.I,224 (°dāsa a bought slave) II.185.(Page 217),4,1
  5986. 235897,en,15,kitaka,kiṭaka,Kiṭaka,Kiṭaka,[doubtful] only at Pv.I,9<sup>2,4</sup>,of clothes which are changed into missā kiṭakā,which is expl.at PvA.44 by kiṭakasadisāni lohapaṭṭasadisāni bhavanti “they become like (hot) copper plates.” (Page 214),6,1
  5987. 235904,en,15,kitaka,kīṭaka,Kīṭaka,Kīṭaka,(nt.) one or all kinds of insects Vin.I,188.(Page 217),6,1
  5988. 235950,en,15,kitava,kitava,Kitava,Kitava, &#38; kitavā [=kaṭavā? cp.kaṭa] one who plays false; a cheat; adj.deceitful S.I,24; J.V,116; 117 (a°); --kitavā at Dh.252 (=DhA.III,375) in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>saṭha</i> also at J.VI,228,where the connection with kaṭa is evident:kaṭaṃ Aḷāto gaṇhāti kiṭavā sikkhito yathā= like one who is skilled in having the kaṭa,the lucky die.Expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.III,375 as taken from fowling:kitavāya attabhāvaṃ paṭicchādeti “he hides himself by means of a pretence” (behind sham branches).(Page 214),6,1
  5989. 235973,en,15,kitika,kiṭika,Kiṭika,Kiṭika,at Vin.II,153 of ālinda,a verandah,said to be saṃsaraṇa° ugghāṭana° (a movable screen or a curtain that can be drawn aside) Vin Texts III,174,176.(Page 214),6,1
  5990. 235994,en,15,kittaka,kittaka,Kittaka,Kittaka,(pron.interr.) [fr.kīva,cp.ettaka &#38; BSk.kettaka (MVastu I.50); see Trenckner,Notes p.134] how much? how great? nt.as adv.:to what extent? pl.:how many? Vin.I,297; k°ṃ antovassaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ “how much of the rainy season is left?” VvA.66; kittakā pana vo bhante parivāra-bhikkhū? “How many bhikkhus are in your retinue?” J.I,32.-- As indef.:a little; kittakaṃ jīvissāmi,J.V,505; kittakaṃ addhānaṃ a short time VvA.117 (=kiṃva ciraṃ).(Page 214),7,1
  5991. 236009,en,15,kittana,kittana,Kittana,Kittana,(nt.) [f.kitteti] praise PvA.31,107.(Page 214),7,1
  5992. 236026,en,15,kittavata,kittāvatā,Kittāvatā,Kittāvatā,(adv.) to what extent? how far? in what respect? K° nu kho mahāpurisa hoti “in what respect is a man a great man?” Nd<sup>2</sup> 502 B; k° nu kho paññavā ti vuccati? M.I,292.(Page 214),9,1
  5993. 236092,en,15,kitteti,kitteti,Kitteti,Kitteti,[v.den.fr.kitti] 1.to praise,extol PvA.124,162; -- 2.to proclaim,announce,relate,tell; ppr.kittento praising PvA.159.-- fut.kittayissati in sense of aor.Vv 34<sup>5</sup> (=katheti VvA.151).--kittayissāmi I shall relate Sn.1053,1132.grd:kittanīya to be praised PvA.9.-- aor.akittayi Sn.875,921.-- pp.<i>kittita</i>.(Page 215),7,1
  5994. 236112,en,15,kittha,kiṭṭha,Kiṭṭha,Kiṭṭha,[cp.Sk.kṛṣṭa <em>kṛṣ</em>] growing corn,the crop on the ground,a cornfield A.III,393 (in simile),cp.S.IV,195.<br><br> <i>--āda</i> eating corn A.III,393.<i>--ārakkha</i> the guardian of the cornfield S.IV,196.<i>--sambādha</i> “when the corn is thick,” in °samaye near harvest-time M.I,115 (in simile); J.I,143 (sassa-samaye+),338.(Page 214),6,1
  5995. 236152,en,15,kitti,kitti,Kitti,Kitti, &#38; Kittī f.[Vedic kīrti,<i>*qer:</i> cp.Gr.karkaiρw,Ohg.hruod,hruom=Ger.ruhm; <i>*qār:</i> cp.Sk.kāru poet; Gr.kh_ruc herald,Lat.carmen hymn of praise.-- The expl<sup>ns</sup> of Dhtp (579) &#38; Dhtm (812) are saṃsadde &#38; saṃsaddane] fame,renown,glory,honour,yaso ca kittī ca S.I,25; kittiñ ca sukhañ ca S.I,187; yaso kitti sukhañ ca A.II,32 yaso kittī ca “fame and renown” Sn.817 (=Nd<sup>1</sup> 147,where appl.to the religious perfection attained by a samaṇa); Sn.185 (in the same sense); VvA.68 (bāhira°-bhāva becoming known outside); yaso kitti Sdhp.234.<br><br> <i>--sadda</i> the sound of fame,praise,renown (thutighosa DA.I,146) esp.appl<sup>d</sup> to the Buddha,whose fame is heralded before him:Bhagavantaṃ Gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo k°-saddo abbhuggato “the high reputation went forth over the world,concerning the Venerable Gotama”:(such is this Exalted One,Arahant,etc.) D.I,49,87,115,116,236; S.IV,323,374; V,352; A.I,57,180; III,30,39,58,253,267; IV,80; etc.The same with reference to others:Miln.284.Appl<sup>d</sup> to the good reputation of a man (of a kalyāṇamitta) at Pug.37; the opposite is pāpako kittisaddo,bad reputation:A.I,126; III,269; Pug.36; <i>--vaṇṇa</i> praise,in °hara receiving or deserving praise D.III,191; cp.°bhatā Nd<sup>1</sup> 147.(Page 214),5,1
  5996. 236167,en,15,kittika,kittika,Kittika,Kittika,(adj.) [fr.kitti] famous VvA.200.(Page 215),7,1
  5997. 236176,en,15,kittima,kittima,Kittima,Kittima,(adj.) [cp.Sk.kṛtimā,der.fr.kṛti,karoti,in sense of kata I.2 (a) made up,artificial; clever,skilful ThA.227; DhA 391 (of nāma); VvA.275 (of ratha:cleverly constructed)].Cp.also kutta,-- f.<i>kittimā</i> at J.III,70; VI,508 is according to Kern,Toev.s.v.a misspelling for <i>tittima</i>.(Page 215),7,1
  5998. 236249,en,15,kittita,kittita,Kittita,Kittita,(pp.of kitteti] told Bdhd 124; su° well told Sn.1057.(Page 215),7,1
  5999. 236319,en,15,kivant,kīvant,Kīvant,Kīvant, &#38; Kīva (interr.adj.and adv.) [Sk.kiyant and kīvant; formed fr.interr.stem ki] how great? how much? how many? and in later language how? (cp.rel.yāva).As indef.:Kīvanto tattha bheravā “however great the terrors” Sn.959.-- Kīva kaṭuka how painful? PvA.226; k°-ciraṃ how long? Pj and Sn.1004; k°-dīghaṃ same Sn.p.126; k° dūre how far? Miln.16; DhA.I,386; k°-mahantaṃ how big? DhA.I,29; VvA.325; k° bahuṃ how much? DhA.IV,193.(Page 217),6,1
  6000. 236339,en,15,kivatika,kīvatika,Kīvatika,Kīvatika,(interr.adj.) [fr.last] of number:how much? how many? Kīvatikā bhikkhū how many Bhikkhus? Vin.I,117.(Page 217),8,1
  6001. 236361,en,15,ko,ko,Ko,Ko,see ka.(Page 227),2,1
  6002. 236367,en,15,koca,koca,Koca,Koca,[fr.kuc] see saṃ°.(Page 227),4,1
  6003. 236379,en,15,koccha,koccha,Koccha,Koccha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) a comb (for hair-dressing) Vin.II,107; Vv 84<sup>46</sup> (=VvA.349); Th.2,254,411 (=ThA.267).<br><br> --kāra a comb-maker Miln.331 (not in corresp.list of vocations at D.I,51).(Page 227),6,1
  6004. 236380,en,15,koccha,koccha,Koccha,Koccha,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) some kind of seat or settee,made of bark,grass or rushes Vin.II,149; IV,40 (where the foll.def.is given:kocchaṃ nāma vāka-mayaṃ vā usīra-mayaṃ vā muñjamayaṃ vā babbaja-mayaṃ vā anto saṃveṭhetvā baddhaṃ hoti.Cp.Vin.Texts I.34; III,165); J.V,407.Also in list of 16 obstructions (palibodhā) at Miln.11.(Page 227),6,1
  6005. 236409,en,15,koci,koci,Koci,Koci,see ka.(Page 227),4,1
  6006. 236421,en,15,kodanda,kodaṇḍa,Kodaṇḍa,Kodaṇḍa,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kodaṇḍa] a cross-bow M.I,429 (opp.to cāpa); Miln.351 (dhanu and k°).<i>°ka</i> same J.IV,433 (expl<sup>d</sup> by dhanu).(Page 228),7,1
  6007. 236435,en,15,kodha,kodha,Kodha,Kodha,[Vedic krodha fr.<em>krudh</em>,cp.kujjhati] anger.Nearest synonyms are <i>āghāta</i> (Dhs.1060=Nd<sup>2</sup> 576,both expositions also of dosa),<i>upanāha</i> (always in chain rāga,dosa,moha,kodha,upanāha) and <i>dhūma</i> (cp.qumόs,Mhg.toûm=anger).As pair <i>k</i>.and <i>upanāha</i> A.I,91,95; in sequence kodha upanāha makkha paḷāsa,etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> rāga 1.; Vbh.357 sq.; Vism.53,107,306; in formula abhijjhā byāpāda k.upanāha M.I,36; A.I,299=IV.148; cp.A.IV,456=V.209; V,39,49 sq.,310,361.As equivalent of <i>āghāta</i> Dhs.1060=Nd<sup>2</sup> 576,cp.Pug.18.In other comb<sup>n</sup>:<i>with mada</i> and <i>thambha</i> Sn.245; <i>kadariya</i> Sn.362; <i>pesuniya</i> Sn.928; <i>mosavajja</i> Sn.866,868 (cp.S.I,169).Other passages,e.g.A.I,283; S.I,240; Sn.537,<i>(lobha°)</i>; Pv.II,3<sup>7</sup>; Dh.I,52 (anattha-janano kodho); PvA.55,222.-- kodha is one of the obstacles to Arahantship,and freedom from kodha is one of the fundamental virtues of a wellbalanced mind.-- mā vo kodho ajjhabhavi “let not anger get the better of you” S.I,240; māno hi te brāhmaṇa khāribhāro kodho dhūmo bhasmani mosavajjaṃ,etc.“anger is the smoke (smouldering) in the ashes” S.I,169=Nd<sup>2</sup> 576.-- kodhaṃ chetvā cutting off anger S.I,41=47=161=237; kodhaṃ jahe vippajaheyya mānaṃ “give up anger,renounce conceit” J.I,23 25=Dh.221; kodhaṃ pajahanti vipassino:“the wise give up anger” It.2=7; panuṇṇa-kodha (adj.) one who has driven out anger Sn.469; akkodhena jine kodhaṃ conquer anger by meekness Dh.223=J.II,4= VvA.69.Yo ye uppatitaṃ kodhaṃ rathaṃ bhantaṃ va dhāraye tam ahaṃ sārathiṃ brūmi -- “He who restrains rising anger as he would a drifting cart,him I call a waggoner” Dh.222,cp.Sn.1.-- <i>akkodha</i> freedom from anger,meekness,conciliation M.I,44; S.I,240 (with avihiṃsā tenderness,kindness); A.I,95; Dh.223=J.II,4=VvA.69.<br><br> <i>--âtimāna</i> anger and conceit Sn.968.<i>--upāyāsa</i> companionship or association with anger,the state of being pervaded with anger (opp.akkodh°) M.I,360,363; often compared with phenomena of nature suggesting swelling up,viz.“uddhumāyika” kodhupāyāsassa adhivacanaṃ M.I,144; “sa-ummī” It.114; “sobbho papāto” S.III,109; <i>--garu</i> “having respect for” i.e.pursuing anger (opp.saddhammagaru) A.II,46 sq.,84; <i>--paññāṇa</i> (adj.) knowing the true nature of anger Sn.96 (cp.SnA 170); <i>--bhakkha</i> feeding on,i.e.fostering anger,Ep.of a Yakkha S.I,238; <i>--vinaya</i> the discipline or control of anger A.I,91; V,165,167 (comb<sup>d.</sup> with upanāha vinaya).(Page 228),5,1
  6008. 236513,en,15,kodhana,kodhana,Kodhana,Kodhana,(adj.) [fr.kodha] having anger,angry,uncontrolled]; usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with upanāhin,e.g.Vin.II,89; D.III,45,246; A.V,156,cp.Sn.116; S.II,206; Pug.18.-- k° kodhābhibhūta A.IV,94 sq.; k° kodhavinayassa na vaṇṇavādī A.V,165.-- Used of caṇḍa PvA.83.-- Cp.S.IV,240; M.I,42 sq.,95 sq.; PvA.82.‹-› akkodhana friendly,well-disposed,loving D.III,159; S.II,207; iV.243; M.I,42 sq.,95 sq.; Sn.19,624,8Q0,941; Vv 15<sup>5</sup>; VvA.69.(Page 229),7,1
  6009. 236668,en,15,kodumbara,kodumbara,Kodumbara,Kodumbara,see koṭumbara.(Page 228),9,1
  6010. 236675,en,15,kohanna,kohañña,Kohañña,Kohañña,(nt.) [fr.kuhana] hypocrisy,deceit J.II,72; III,268; IV,304; DhA.I,141.(Page 230),7,1
  6011. 236689,en,15,koja,koja,Koja,Koja,mail armour J.IV,296 (=kavaca).(Page 227),4,1
  6012. 236698,en,15,kojava,kojava,Kojava,Kojava,a rug or cover with long hair,a fleecy counterpane Vin.I,281; DhA.I,177; III,297 (pāvāra°); Dāvs.V,36.Often in expl<sup>n</sup> of goṇaka (q.v.) as dīgha-lomaka mahākojava DA.I,86; PvA.157.(Page 227),6,1
  6013. 236716,en,15,koka,koka,Koka,Koka,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.koka] N.of a tree,Phœnix sylvestris:see <i>keka</i>.(Page 227),4,1
  6014. 236717,en,15,koka,koka,Koka,Koka,<sup>1</sup> [not=Sk.koka,cuckoo] a wolf J.VI,525; Nd<sup>1</sup> 13= Nd<sup>2</sup> 420; Miln.267=J.V,416.°vighāsa remainder of a wolf’s meal Vin.III,58.(Page 227),4,1
  6015. 236749,en,15,kokanada,kokanada,Kokanada,Kokanada,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kokanada] the (red) lotus A.III,239=J.I,116.(Page 227),8,1
  6016. 236779,en,15,kokasika,kokāsika,Kokāsika,Kokāsika,the red lotus in °jāta “like the red lotus,” said of the flower of the Pāricchattaka tree A.IV,118.(Page 227),8,1
  6017. 236793,en,15,kokila,kokila,Kokila,Kokila,[cp.Sk.koka a kind of goose,also cuckoo,with derivation kokila cuckoo; cp.Gr.kόkkuc,Lat.cuculus,E.cuckoo] the Indian cuckoo.Two kinds mentioned at VvA.57:kāḷa° and phussa° black and speckled k.‹-› As citra° at J.V,416.-- Vv 11<sup>1</sup>,58<sup>8</sup>; VvA.132,163.(Page 227),6,1
  6018. 236831,en,15,kola,kola,Kola,Kola,(m.nt.) [Halāyudha II.71 gives kola in meaning of “hog,” corrupted fr.kroḍa] the jujube fruit M.I,80; A.III,49 (sampanna-kolakaṃ sūkaramaṃsa “pork with jujube”); J.III,22 (=badara); VI,578.<br><br> <i>--mattiyo</i> (pl.) of the size of a j.truit,always comb.w.kolaṭṭhi-mattiyo,of boils A.V,170=Sn.p.125,cp.S.I,150; <i>--rukkha</i> the j.tree SnA 356; DA.I,262; <i>--sampāka</i> cooked with (the juice of) jujube Vv 43<sup>5</sup> (=VvA.186).(Page 229),4,1
  6019. 236858,en,15,kolahala,kolāhala,Kolāhala,Kolāhala,(nt.) (cp.also halāhala) shouting,uproar,excitement about (-°),tumult,foreboding,warning about something,hailing.There are 5 kolāhalāni enum<sup>d</sup> at KhA 120 sq.viz.<i>kappa°</i> (the announcement of the end of the world,cp.Vism.415 sq.),<i>cakkavatti°</i> (of a worldking),<i>buddha°</i> (of a Buddha),<i>maṅgala°</i> (that a Buddha will pronounce the “eu)aggέlion”),moneyya° (that a monk will enquire of the Lord after the highest wisdom,cp.SnA 490).One may compare the 3 (mahā-)halāhalāni given at J.I,48 as kappa-halāhala,buddha° and cakkavatti°,eka-kolāhalaṃ one uproar J.IV,404; VI,586; DhA.II,96.See also Vin.II,165,275,280; J.V,437; DhA.I,190; PvA.4; VvA.132.(Page 229),8,1
  6020. 236891,en,15,kolamba,kolamba,Kolamba,Kolamba,(and <i>koḷamba</i> VvA) a pot or vessel in general.In Vin always together with <i>ghaṭa</i>,pitcher:Vin.I,208,213,225,286; J.I,33; DA.I,58; VvA.36.(Page 229),7,1
  6021. 236916,en,15,kolankola,kolaṅkola,Kolaṅkola,Kolaṅkola,[der.fr.kula] going from kula to kula (clan to clan) in saṃsāra:A.I,233=Pug.16; S.V,205; Nett 189,cp.A.IV,381; A.V,120.(Page 229),9,1
  6022. 236923,en,15,kolanna,kolañña,Kolañña,Kolañña,(adj.) [fr.kula] born of (good) family (cp.kulaja); as --°,belonging to the family of ...D.I,89; DA.I,252; Miln.256.--<i>khīṇa-kolañña</i> (adj.) one who has come down in the world Vin.I,86.(Page 229),7,1
  6023. 236937,en,15,kolapa,koḷāpa,Koḷāpa,Koḷāpa,(and <i>kolāpa</i>) (adj.) 1.dry,sapless; always appl<sup>d</sup> to wood,freq.in similes S.IV,161,185; M.I,242; III,95; J.III,495; Miln.151; DhA.II,51; IV,166.-- 2.hollow tree Nd<sup>2</sup> 40; SnA 355 (where Weber,Ind.Streifen V.1862,p.429 suggests reading koṭara=Sk.koṭara hollow tree; unwarranted).(Page 230),6,1
  6024. 236957,en,15,kolaputti,kolaputti,Kolaputti,Kolaputti,at A.I,38 is composition form of <i>kulaputta</i>,and is to be combined with the foll.--vaṇṇa-pokkharatā,i.e.light colour as becoming a man of good family.Kern,Toev.s.v.quite unnecessarily interprets it as “heroncolour,” comparing Sk.kolapuccha heron.A similar passage at Nd<sup>1</sup> 80=Nd<sup>2</sup> 505 reads kolaputtikena vā vaṇṇapokkharatāya vā,thus taking kolaputtikaṃ as nt,meaning a man of good virtue.The A passage may be corrupt and should then be read °puttikaṃ.(Page 229),9,1
  6025. 236982,en,15,kolatthi,kolaṭṭhi,Kolaṭṭhi,Kolaṭṭhi,the kernel of the jujube,only in cpd.<i>°mattiyo</i> (pl.) S.I,150=A.V,170=Sn.p.125 (with kolamattiyo),and <i>°mattā</i> Th.2,498=ThA.289; DhA.I,319.(Page 229),8,1
  6026. 237019,en,15,koleyyaka,koleyyaka,Koleyyaka,Koleyyaka,(adj.) of good breed,noble,appl<sup>d</sup> to dogs J.I,175; IV,437.Cp.kolīniyā,and Divy 165:kolikagadrabha a donkey of good breed.(Page 230),9,1
  6027. 237034,en,15,kolika,koḷikā,Koḷikā,Koḷikā,(or kolika?) (f.) adj.=kolaka,appl.to boils,in pīḷikoḷikā (itthi) having boils of jujube size Th.2,395 (expl.at ThA.259; akkhidalesu nibbattanakā pīḷikā vuccati).(Page 230),6,1
  6028. 237040,en,15,koliniya,kolīniyā,Kolīniyā,Kolīniyā,(f.) well-bred,of good family J.II,348 (BB <i>koleyyaka</i>).(Page 229),8,1
  6029. 237074,en,15,koliya,koliya,Koliya,Koliya,(adj.) [fr.kola] of the fruit of the jujube tree J.III,22,but wrongly expl<sup>d</sup> as kula-dattika ph.=given by a man of (good) family.(Page 229),6,1
  6030. 237136,en,15,komala,komala,Komala,Komala,see kamala; Mhbv 29.(Page 229),6,1
  6031. 237150,en,15,komara,komāra,Komāra,Komāra,[fr.kumāra] (adj.) juvenile,belonging to a youth or maiden:f.<i>komārī</i> a virgin A.IV,210.<br><br> <i>--pati</i> husband of a girl-wife J.II,120.<i>--brahmacariyā</i> (°ṃ carati) to practise the vow of chastity or virginity A.III,224; ThA.99.<i>--bhacca</i> Np.“master of the k°-science,” i.e.of the medical treatment of infants (see note on Vin.I,269 at Vin.Texts II.174).As such it is the cognomen of Jīvaka D.I,47 (as Komārabhacca DA.I,132); Vin.I,71; J.I,116; cp.Sdhp.351.(Page 229),6,1
  6032. 237175,en,15,komaraka,komāraka,Komāraka,Komāraka,(and °ika)=prec.A.I,261; J.II,180 (dhamma virginity); of a young tree S.IV,160.--f.<i>°ikā</i> J.III,266.(Page 229),8,1
  6033. 237214,en,15,komudi,komudī,Komudī,Komudī,(f.) [fr.kumuda the white waterlily,cp.Sk.kaumudī] moonlight; the full-moon day in the month Kattika,usually in phrase komudī catumāsinī Vin.I,155,176,sq.; D.I,47 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,139 as:tadā kira kumudāni supupphitāni honti) or in phrase komudiyā puṇṇamāya DhA.III,461.(Page 229),6,1
  6034. 237228,en,15,kona,koṇa,Koṇa,Koṇa,[cp.Sk.koṇa &#38; also P.kaṇṇa] 1.a corner Vin.II,137; catu°=catu-kaṇṇa PvA.52; --<i>°racchā</i> crossroads PvA.24.-- 2.a plectrum for a musical instrument Miln.53.(Page 228),4,1
  6035. 237272,en,15,konca,koñca,Koñca,Koñca,<sup>2</sup> =abbr.of koñca-nāda,trumpeting,in koñcaṃ karoti to trumpet (of elephants) Vin.III,109; J.VI,497.<br><br> --nāda the trumpeting of an elephant (“the heron’s cry”) [not with Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,163 sq.to kruñc.(meaning to bend,cp.Lat.crux,E.ridge),but prob.a contamination of krośa,fr.krus to crow,and kuñja=kuñjara,elephant (q.v.).Partly suggested at Divy 251; see also expl<sup>n</sup> at VvA.35,where this connection is quite evident.] J.I,50; Miln.76 (in etymol.play with koñca); VvA.35.--rāva=prec.DhA.IV,70.--vādikā a kind of bird J.VI,538.(Page 227),5,1
  6036. 237273,en,15,konca,koñca,Koñca,Koñca,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.krauñca &#38; <em>kruñc</em>] the heron,often in comb<sup>n</sup> with mayūra (peacock):Th.1,1113; Vv 11<sup>1</sup>,35<sup>8</sup>; J.V,304; VI,272; or with haṃsa Pv.II,12<sup>3</sup>.-- Expl<sup>d</sup> as sārasa VvA.57; jiṇṇa° an old heron Dh.155.(Page 227),5,1
  6037. 237301,en,15,kond,koṇḍ,Koṇḍ,Koṇḍ,a- damaka (?) [cp.kuṇḍa] J.IV,389; also as v.l.B at J.II,209.(Page 228),4,1
  6038. 237315,en,15,kondanna,koṇḍañña,Koṇḍañña,Koṇḍañña,a well-known gotta J.II,360.(Page 228),8,1
  6039. 237346,en,15,konta,koṇṭa,Koṇṭa,Koṇṭa,(v.l.B.koṇḍa) (?) a man of dirty habits J.II,209.210,212.(Page 228),5,1
  6040. 237353,en,15,konta,konta,Konta,Konta,a pennant,standard (cp.kunta) J.VI,454; DA.I,244; SnA 317.(Page 229),5,1
  6041. 237371,en,15,kontha,koṇṭha,Koṇṭha,Koṇṭha,a cripple J.II,118.(Page 228),6,1
  6042. 237377,en,15,kontimant,kontīmant,Kontīmant,Kontīmant,at J.VI,454 is expl<sup>d</sup> by camma-kāra,thus “worker in leather (-shields or armour),” with der.fr.konta (“satthitāya kontāya likhattā ...”),but reading and meaning are uncertain.(Page 229),9,1
  6043. 237394,en,15,kopa,kopa,Kopa,Kopa,[fr.<em>kup</em>] ill-temper,anger,grudge Vin.II,184=Sn.6; Dhs.1060; with appaccaya (mistrust) M.I,27; almost exclusively in phrase kopañ ca dosañ ca appaccayañ ca pātukaroti (pātvakāsi) “he shows forth ill-temper,malice and mistrust” (of a “codita” bhikkhu) D.III,159; S.IV,305; M.I,96 sq.,250,442; A.I,124,187; II,203; III,181 sq.; IV,168,193; J.I,301; Sn.p.92.‹-› <i>akopa</i> (adj.) friendly,without hatred,composed Sn.499.<br><br> <i>--antara</i> (adj.) one who is under the power of illtemper S.I,24.(Page 229),4,1
  6044. 237417,en,15,kopaneyya,kopaneyya,Kopaneyya,Kopaneyya,(adj.) [fr.kopa] apt to arouse anger J.VI,257.(Page 229),9,1
  6045. 237460,en,15,kopeti,kopeti,Kopeti,Kopeti,[caus.of kuppati] to set into agitation,to shake,to disturb:rājadhamme akopetvā not disturbing the royal rules PvA.161; J.II,366=DhA.IV,88; kammaṃ kopetuṃ Vin.IV,153 to find fault with a lawful decision; kāyangaṃ na kopeti not to move a limb of the body:see kāya.Cp.paṭi°,pari°,vi°,saṃ°.(Page 229),6,1
  6046. 237500,en,15,kopina,kopīna,Kopīna,Kopīna,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kaupīna] a loin-cloth J.V,404; Pv.II,3<sup>23</sup>; PvA.172; Sdhp.106.<br><br> <i>--niddaṃsanin</i> “one who removes the loin-cloth,” i.e.shameless,impure D.III,183.(Page 229),6,1
  6047. 237536,en,15,korabya,korabya,Korabya,Korabya,[Sk.kauravya] Np.as cognomen:the descendant of Kuru J.II,371 (of Dhanañjaya).(Page 229),7,1
  6048. 237554,en,15,korajika,korajika,Korajika,Korajika,(adj.) [fr.ku+<em>raj</em> or <em>rañj</em>,cp.rāga] affected,excitable,infatuated Nd<sup>1</sup> 226=Nd<sup>2</sup> 342 (v.l.kocaraka)=Vism.26 (v.l.korañjika).(Page 229),8,1
  6049. 237565,en,15,koraka,koraka,Koraka,Koraka,(m.nt.) [cp.Sk.koraka] 1.a bud J.II,265.‹-› 2.a sheath J.III,282.(Page 229),6,1
  6050. 237574,en,15,korakita,korakita,Korakita,Korakita,(adj.) [fr.koraka] full of buds VvA.288.(Page 229),8,1
  6051. 237588,en,15,korandaka,koraṇḍaka,Koraṇḍaka,Koraṇḍaka,[=kuraṇḍaka] a shrub and its flower J.V,473 (°dāma,so read for karaṇḍaka),VI,536; as Npl.in Koraṇḍaka-vihāra Vism.91.(Page 229),9,1
  6052. 237630,en,15,koriya,koriyā,Koriyā,Koriyā,(f.) a hen v.l.(ti vā pāḷi) at Th.2,381 for turiyā.See also ThA.255 (=kuñcakārakukkuṭī).(Page 229),6,1
  6053. 237642,en,15,kosa,kosa,Kosa,Kosa,<sup>2</sup> at VvA.349 is marked by Hardy,Index and trsl<sup>d</sup> by scar or pock.It should be corrected to kesa,on evidence of corresp.passage in ThA.267 (cp.koccha).(Page 230),4,1
  6054. 237643,en,15,kosa,kosa,Kosa,Kosa,<sup>1</sup> (m.nt.) [cp.Sk.kośa and koṣa,cavity,box vessel,cp.Goth.hūs,E.house; related also kukṣi=P.kucchi] any cavity or enclosure containing anything,viz.1.a store-room or storehouse,treasury or granary A.IV,95 (rāja°); Sn.525; J.IV,409 (=wealth,stores); J.VI,81 (aḍḍhakosa only half a house) in cpd.--° <i>koṭṭhāgāra</i>,expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,295 as koso vuccati bhaṇḍāgāraṃ.Four kinds are mentioned:hatthī°,assā°,rathā°,raṭṭhaṃ°.‹-› 2.a sheath,in khura° Vism.251,paṇṇa° KhA 46.‹-› 3.a vessel or bowl for food:see kosaka.-- 4.a cocoon,see --°kāraka; -- 5.the membranous cover of the male sexual organ,the praeputium J.V,197.The Com.expl<sup>s</sup> by sarīra-saṅkhāta k°.See cpd.kosohita.‹-› Cp.also kosī.<br><br> <i>--ārakkha</i> the keeper of the king’s treasury (or granary) A.III,57; <i>--ohita</i> ensheathed,in phrase kosohita vatthaguyha “having the pudendum in a bag.” Only in the brahmin cosmogonic myth of the superman (mahā-purisa) D.III,143,161.Applied as to this item,to the Buddha D.I,106 (in the C<sup>y</sup> DA.I,275,correct the misprint kesa into kosa) D.II,17; Sn.1022 pp.106,107; <i>Miln.</i>167.For the myth see Dial III,132--136.<i>--kāraka</i> the “cocoon-maker,” i.e.the silk-worm,Vin.III,224; Vism.251.<i>--koṭṭhāgāra</i> “treasury and granary” usually in phrase paripuṇṇa --k -k (adj.) “with stores of treasures and other wealth” Vin.I,342; D.I,134; S.I,89; Miln.2; &#38; passim.(Page 230),4,1
  6055. 237660,en,15,kosajja,kosajja,Kosajja,Kosajja,(nt.) [From kusīta] idleness,sloth,indolence; expl<sup>d</sup> at Vbh.369.-- Vin.II,2; S.V,277--280; A.I,11,16; II,218; III,375,421; V,146 sq.; 159 sq.; A.IV,195= Dh.241; Miln.351; Vism.132; Nett 127; DhA.III,347; IV,85; DhsA.146; SnA 21.(Page 230),7,1
  6056. 237743,en,15,kosaka,kosaka,Kosaka,Kosaka,[fr.kosa] 1.a sheath for a needle J.III,282; ‹-› 2.a bowl,container,or vessel for food J.I,349 (v.l.kesaka); M.II,6,7,(-°āhāra adj.living on a bowl-full of food; also aḍḍha°) Vism.263.-- 3.case for a key (kuñcikā°) Vism.251.(Page 230),6,1
  6057. 237852,en,15,kosalla,kosalla,Kosalla,Kosalla,(nt.) [der.fr.kusala] proficiency.There are 3 kinds mentioned at D.III,220,Vbh.325 &#38; Vism.439 sq.,viz.<i>āya°</i>,<i> apāya°</i> and <i>upāya°</i>; at Dhs.16=20=292= 555=Nd<sup>2</sup> ad paññā it is classed between paṇḍicca and nepuñña.See also Pug.25; Vism.128 sq.(appanā°),241 sq.(uggaha° &#38; manasikāra°),248 (bojjhaṅga°); PvA.63,99 (upāya°).(Page 230),7,1
  6058. 237880,en,15,kosamattha,kosamattha,Kosamattha,Kosamattha,=ka+samattha “who is able,” i.e.able,fit DA.I,27.(Page 230),10,1
  6059. 238001,en,15,kosataki,kosātakī,Kosātakī,Kosātakī,(f.) [cp.Sk.kośītakī] a kind of creeper Vv 47<sup>4</sup>; Vism.256,260,359; VvA.200; --bīja the seed of the k.A.I,32=V.212.(Page 230),8,1
  6060. 238027,en,15,koseyya,koseyya,Koseyya,Koseyya,[der.fr.kosa,cp.Sk.kauśeya silk-cloth and P.kosa-kāraka] silk; silken material Vin.I,58=Miln.267; Vin.I,192,281; II,163,169; D.I,7,cp.A.I,181 (see DA.I,87); A.IV,394; Pv.II,1<sup>17</sup>; J.I,43; VI,47.<br><br> <i>--pāvāra</i> a silk garment Vin.I,281; <i>--vattha</i> a silk garment DhA.I,395.(Page 230),7,1
  6061. 238069,en,15,kosi,kosī,Kosī,Kosī,(f.) a sheath D.I,77=M.II,17.(Page 230),4,1
  6062. 238083,en,15,kosika,kosika,Kosika,Kosika,=kosiya,an owl J.V,120.(Page 230),6,1
  6063. 238115,en,15,kosiya,kosiya,Kosiya,Kosiya,an owl J.II,353,cp.Np.Kosiyāyana J.I,496.Biḷārakosika (and °kosiya) J.IV,69.(Page 230),6,1
  6064. 238194,en,15,kota,koṭa,Koṭa,Koṭa,[fr.kūṭa<sup>2</sup>] belonging to a peak,in cpd.°pabbata “peak-mountain,” Npl.Vism.127 (write as K°),292.(Page 227),4,1
  6065. 238202,en,15,kotacika,koṭacikā,Koṭacikā,Koṭacikā,pudendum muliebre,in conn.with kāṭa as a vile term of abuse Vin.IV,7 (Bdhgh.koṭacikā ti itthinimittaṃ ...hīno nāma akkoso).(Page 227),8,1
  6066. 238256,en,15,koti,koṭi,Koṭi,Koṭi,(f.) [cp.Sk.koṭi &#38; kūṭa<sup>2</sup>] the end-(a) of space:the extreme part,top,summit,point (cp.anta to which it is opposed at J.VI,371):dhanu-koṭiṃ nissāya “through the (curved) end of my bow,” i.e.by means of hunting J.II,200; aṭṭhi-koṭi the tip of the bone J.III,26; cāpa° a bow VvA.261; vema° the part of a loom that is moved DhA.III,175; khetta° the top (end) of the field SnA 150; caṅkamana° the far end of the cloister J.IV,30; PvA.79.-- (b) of time:a division of time,with reference either to the past or the future,in pubba° the past (cp.pubbanta),also as purima°; and pacchima° the future (cp.aparanta).These expressions are used only of saṃsāra:saṃsārassa purimā koṭi na paññāyati “the first end,i.e.the beginning of S.is not known” Nd<sup>2</sup> 664; DhsA.11; of pacchimā koṭi ibid.-- anamatagg’âyaṃ saṃsāro,pubba° na paññāyati S’s end and beginning are unthinkable,its starting-point is not known (to beings obstructed by ignorance) S.II,178=III,149= Nd<sup>2</sup> 664=Kvu 29=PvA.166; cp.Bdhd 118 (p.k.na ñāyati).-- koṭiyaṃ ṭhito bhāvo “my existence in the past” J.I,167.-- (c) of number:the “end” of the scale,i.e.extremely high,as numeral representing approximately the figure a hundred thousand (cp.Kirfel,Kosmographie.p.336).It follows on satasahassāni Nd<sup>2</sup> 664,and is often increased by sata° or sahassa°,esp.in records of wealth (dhana) Sn.677; J.I,227,230,345=DhA.I,367 (asīti°-vibhavo); J.I,478; PvA.3,96; cp.also koṭisatā arahanto Miln.6,18.-- kahāpaṇa-koṭi-santhārena “for the price (lit.by the spreading out) of 10 million kahāpaṇas” Vin.II,159= J.I,94 (ref.to the buying of Jetavana by Anāthapiṇḍika).<br><br> --gata “gone to the end,” having reached the end,i.e.perfection,nibbāna.Nd<sup>2</sup> 436; --ppatta=prec.Nd<sup>2</sup> 436; as “extreme” J.I,67.--simbalī N.of a tree (in Avīci) Sdhp.194.(Page 227),4,1
  6067. 238285,en,15,kotika,koṭika,Koṭika,Koṭika,(adj.) [fr.koṭi] 1.having a point or a top,with ref.to the human teeth as eka°,dvi°,ti°,catu°,or teeth with one,two,etc.,points Vism.251.-- 2.having an end or climax SA on pariyanta (see KS.p.320); āpāna° lasting till the end of life Miln.397:Vism.10.‹-› 3.referring to (both) ends (of saṃsāra),in ubhato° pañhā questions regarding past &#38; future M.I,393 sq.(Page 227),6,1
  6068. 238295,en,15,kotilla,koṭilla,Koṭilla,Koṭilla,(nt.) [fr.kuṭila] crookedness Dhtm 526; Abhp 859.As koṭilya at Dhtp 472.(Page 227),7,1
  6069. 238303,en,15,kotin,koṭin,Koṭin,Koṭin,(adj.) [fr.koṭi] aiming for an end or goal J.VI,254 (cp.ākoṭana<sup>2</sup>).(Page 227),5,1
  6070. 238423,en,15,kotta,koṭṭa,Koṭṭa,Koṭṭa,(?) breaking,asi-k° note on Vin.IV,363 (for asikoṭṭha Vin.IV,171?); °aṭṭhi at Vism.254 read koṭṭh°.(Page 227),5,1
  6071. 238440,en,15,kottana,koṭṭana,Koṭṭana,Koṭṭana,[fr.koṭṭeti] 1.grinding,crushing,pounding (grains) J.I,475; <i>°pacan’ādi</i> pounding and cooking,etc.DhA.II,261.-- 2.hammering or cutting (?) in dāru° J.II,18; VI,86 (maṃsa°,here “beating,” T.spells ṭṭh).Cp.adhikuṭṭanā.(Page 228),7,1
  6072. 238488,en,15,kotteti,koṭṭeti,Koṭṭeti,Koṭṭeti,[cp.Sk.<em>kuṭ</em> &#38; kuṭṭa<sup>1</sup>.Expl<sup>d</sup> one-sidedly by Dhtp (91 &#38; 556) as “chedane” which is found only in 3 and adhikuṭṭanā.The meaning “beat” is attributed by Dhtp (557) &#38; Dhtm (783) to root <em>kuṭ</em><i><sup>3</sup></i> (see kūṭa<sup>3</sup>) by expl<sup>a</sup> “akoṭane.” Cp.also kūṭa<sup>4</sup>; ākoṭeti &#38; paṭikoṭeti]--1.to beat,smash,crush,pound J.I,478; VI,366 (spelt ṭṭh); DhA.I,25 (suvaṇṇaṃ) 165.-- 2.to make even (the ground or floor) Vin.II,291 (in making floors); J.VI,332.-- 3.to cut,kill SnA 178 (=hanti of Sn.121); DhA.I,70 (pharasunā).-- pp.<i>koṭṭita</i>.-- Caus.<i>koṭṭāpeti</i> to cause to beat,to massage Vin.II,266; J.IV,37 (ṭṭ the only v.l.B.; T.has ṭṭh).(Page 228),7,1
  6073. 238511,en,15,kottha,koṭṭha,Koṭṭha,Koṭṭha,<sup>3</sup> [cp.Sk.kuṭṭha] N.of a plant,Costus speciosus (?) J.V,420.(Page 228),6,1
  6074. 238512,en,15,kottha,koṭṭha,Koṭṭha,Koṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> a bird J.VI,539 (woodpecker?).(Page 228),6,1
  6075. 238513,en,15,kottha,koṭṭha,Koṭṭha,Koṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> (m.nt.) [Sk.koṣṭha abdomen,any cavity for holding food,cp.kuṣṭa groin,and also Gr.ku/tos cavity,kuζdos pudendum muliebre,kuζtis bladder = E.cyst,chest; Lat.cunnus pudendum,Ger.hode testicle] anything hollow and closed in (Cp.gabbha for both meanings) as -- 1.the stomach or abdomen Miln.265,Vism.357; Sdhp.257.-- 2.a closet,a monk’s cell,a storeroom,M.I,332; Th.2,283 (?)=ThA,219; J.II,168.‹-› 3.a sheath,in asi° Vin.IV,171.<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhi</i> a stomach bone or bone of the abdomen Vism.254,255.<i>--abbhantara</i> the intestinal canal Miln.67; <i>--âgāra</i> (nt.) storehouse,granary,treasury:in conn.with kosa (q.v.) in formula paripuṇṇa-kosa-koṭṭhâgāra (adj.) D.I,134,expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,295 as threefold,viz.dhana° dhañña° vattha°,treasury,granary,warehouse; PvA.126,133; <i>--âgārika</i> a storehouse-keeper,one who hoards up wealth Vin.I,209; DhA.I,101; <i>--āsa</i> [=koṭṭha +aṃsa] share,division,part; °koṭṭhāsa (adj.) divided into,consisting of.K.is a prose word only and in all Com.passages is used to explain bhāga:J.I,254; 266; VI,368; Miln.324; DhA.IV,; 108 (=pada),154; PvA.58,111,205 (kāma°=kāmaguṇā); VvA.62; anekena k°-ena infinitely PvA.221.(Page 228),6,1
  6076. 238559,en,15,kotthaka,koṭṭhaka,Koṭṭhaka,Koṭṭhaka,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.koyaṣṭika] the paddy-bird,as <i>rukkha°</i> J.III,25; II,163 (v.l.ṭṭ).(Page 228),8,1
  6077. 238560,en,15,kotthaka,koṭṭhaka,Koṭṭhaka,Koṭṭhaka,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) “a kind of koṭṭha,” the stronghold over a gateway,used as a store-room for various things,a chamber,treasury,granary Vin.II,153,210; for the purpose of keeping water in it Vin.II,121=142; 220; treasury J.I,230; II,168; -- store-room J.II,246; koṭthake pāturahosi appeared at the gateway,i.e.arrived at the mansion Vin.I,291.; -- <i>udaka-k</i> a bath-room,bath cabinet Vin.I,205 (cp.Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> at Vin.Texts II.57); so also <i>nahāna-k°</i> and <i>piṭṭhi-k°</i>,bath-room behind a hermitage J.III,71; DhA.II,19; a gateway,Vin.II,77; usually in cpd.<i>dvāra-k°</i> “door cavity,” i.e.room over the gate:gharaṃ satta-dvāra-koṭṭhakapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ “a mansion adorned with seven gateways” J.I,227=230,290; VvA.322.dvāra-koṭṭhakesu āsanāni paṭṭhapenti “they spread mats in the gateways” VvA.6; esp.with <i>bahi:</i> bahi-dvārakoṭṭhakā nikkhāmetvā “leading him out in front of the gateway” A.IV,206; °e thiṭa or nisinna standing or sitting in front of the gateway S.I,77; M.I,161,382; A.III,30.-- bala-k.a line of infantry J.I,179.-- koṭṭhaka-kamma or the occupation connected with a storehouse (or bathroom?) is mentioned as an example of a low occupation at Vin.IV,6; Kern,Toev.s.v.“someone who sweeps away dirt.” (Page 228),8,1
  6078. 238590,en,15,kotthali,kotthalī,Kotthalī,Kotthalī,(koṭṭhalī?) a sack (?) Vin.III,189=IV.269.(Page 228),8,1
  6079. 238687,en,15,kottheti,koṭṭheti,Koṭṭheti,Koṭṭheti,at J.II,424 the v.l.khobheti (nāvaṃ) should be substituted.See also koṭṭeti.(Page 228),8,1
  6080. 238696,en,15,kotthu,koṭṭhu,Koṭṭhu,Koṭṭhu,see <i>kotthu</i>.(Page 228),6,1
  6081. 238707,en,15,kotthu,kotthu,Kotthu,Kotthu,[koṭṭhu J only:cp.Sk.kroṣṭu,of <em>kruś</em>] a jackal D.III,25,26; M.I,334; Nd<sup>1</sup> 149 (spelt koṭṭhu); J.VI,537 (°sunā:expl<sup>d</sup> by sigāla-sunakhā,katthu-soṇā ti pi pāṭho).<i>kotthuka</i> (and koṭṭhuka)=prec.S.I,66 (where text has kutthaka) J.II,108; Miln.23.(Page 228),6,1
  6082. 238721,en,15,kottima,koṭṭima,Koṭṭima,Koṭṭima,a floor of pounded stones,or is it cloth? Dāvs.IV,47.(Page 228),7,1
  6083. 238729,en,15,kottita,koṭṭita,Koṭṭita,Koṭṭita,(pp.of kotteti] beaten down,made even Vism.254,255.(Page 228),7,1
  6084. 238762,en,15,kotuhala,kotūhala,Kotūhala,Kotūhala,(nt.) [on formation cp.kolāhala; see also kutūhala] excitement,tumult,festival,fair Dāvs II.80; esp.in <i>°maṅgalaṃ</i> paccāgacchati he visits the fair or show of ...M.I,265; A.III,439; <i>°maṅgalika</i> celebrating feasts,festive A.III,206; J.I,373; Miln.94 (cp.Miln.trsl.I.143<sup>n</sup>:the native commentator refers it to erroneous views and discipline called kotūhala and maṅgalika) -- (b) adj.:<i>kotūhala</i> excited,eager for,desirous of Miln.4; DhA.I,330.<br><br> <i>--sadda</i> shout of excitement Miln.301.(Page 228),8,1
  6085. 238794,en,15,kotumbara,koṭumbara,Koṭumbara,Koṭumbara,(nt.) [cp.BSk.kauṭumba Divy 559] a kind of cloth J.VI,47 (coming from the kingdom of k.),500 (spelt kodumb°).--°ka k.-stuffs Miln.2.(Page 227),9,1
  6086. 238824,en,15,kovida,kovida,Kovida,Kovida,(adj.) [ku+<em>vid</em>] one who is in the possession of right wisdom,with ref.either to dhamma,magga,or ariyasaccāni,closely related to <i>medhāvin</i> and <i>paṇḍita</i>.S.I,146,194,196 (ceto-pariyāya°); A.II,46; M.I,1,7,135,300,310,433; Dh.403=Sn.627; Sn.484 (jātimaraṇa°),653 (kammavipāka°); Pv.I,11<sup>12</sup>; Vv 15<sup>9</sup> (=VvA.73),63<sup>30</sup> (=VvA.269); Miln.344; Sdhp.350.--<i>akovida</i> ignorant of true wisdom (dhammassa) S.I,162; Sn.763; S.IV,287=Nd<sup>2</sup> on attānudiṭṭhi.(Page 230),6,1
  6087. 238835,en,15,kovilara,koviḷāra,Koviḷāra,Koviḷāra,[cp.Sk.kovidāra] Bauhinia variegata; a tree in the devaloka (pāricchattaka koviḷāra:k-blossom,called p.VvA.174) A.IV,117 sq.; Sn.44; J.IV,29; Vv 38<sup>1</sup>; DhA.I,270.<br><br> <i>--puppha</i> the flower of the K.tree SnA 354 (where the limbs of one afflicted with leprosy are compared with this flower).(Page 230),8,1
  6088. 238934,en,15,ku,ku,Ku,Ku,(kud- and kum-) 3rd stem of interrog.pron.ka (on form and meaning cp.kad;=Lat.* qǔu in (qǔ)ubi,like katara ‹ (qǔ)uter; cp.also Vedic kū how? Sk.kutra,kutaḥ,kuha,kva) where? when? whither? whence? As adv.in cpds.in disparaging sense of “what of”? i.e.nothing of,bad,wrong,little,e.g.kum-magga wrong path; kuk-kucca=kud-kicca doing wrong,troubling about little=worry.--kuṃ at PvA.57 (in expl.of kuñjara) is interpreted as paṭhavi.<br><br> 1.<i>Kuto</i> where from? whence? Dh.62; k°bhayaṃ whence i.e.why fear? Dh.212 sq.; Sn.270,862; Pv.II,6<sup>9</sup>; how? J.VI,330; with nu whence or why then? Sn.1049 (=kacci ssu Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.).kut-ettha=kuto ettha J.I.53.--na kuto from nowhere Sn.35,919; a-kuto id.in <i>akutobhaya</i> “with nothing to fear from anywhere” i.e.with no reason for fear S.I,192; Th.1,510; Th.11,333; Sn.561 (modāmi akutobhayo); Pv.II,1<sup>21</sup> (id.); <i>kuto-ja</i> arisen from where? Sn.270; --°nidāna having its foundation or origin in what? Sn.270,864 sq.<br><br> 2.<i>Kudā</i> at what time,when? (cp.kadā) Pug.27; indef.<i>kudācanaṃ</i>:at any time,na k° never Sn.221 (expl.by soḷasim pi kalaṃ SnA 277); Dh.5,210; Bdhd 125; gamanena na pattabbo lokass’anto k° “by walking,the end of the world can never be reached” S.I,62.<br><br> 3.<i>Kuva</i>,<i> kva</i>,where? Sn.970 (kuvaṃ &#38; kuva) indef.kvaci anywhere; with na:nowhere; yassa n’atthi upamā kvaci “of whom (i.e.of Gotama) there is no likeness anywhere” Sn.1137; cp.218,395; expl<sup>d</sup> by Nd<sup>2</sup> like kuhiñci.<i>kuvaṃ</i> at D.III,183.<br><br> 4.<i>Kutha</i> (kudha) where? J.V,485 (=kuhiṃ).<br><br> 5.<i>Kuhiṃ</i> (=kuhaṃ,cp.Sk.kuha) where? whither? Often with fut.:k° bhikkhu gamissati Sn.411; ko gacchasi where are you going? Pv.II,8<sup>1</sup>; tvaṃ ettakaṃ divasaṃ k° gatā where have you been all these days? PvA.6; 13; 42; indef.kuhiñci,anywhere,with na k°:nowhere,or:not in anything,in:n’atthi taṇhā k° loke “he has no desire for anything in this world” Sn.496,783,1048 see Nd on 783 &#38; 1048=kimhici; Dh.180.(Page 218),2,1
  6089. 238957,en,15,kubbanaka,kubbanaka,Kubbanaka,Kubbanaka,[fr.kuṃ--vana] brushwood or a small,and therefore unproductive,wood Sn.1134 (expl.Nd<sup>2</sup> by rittavanaka appabhakkha appodaka).(Page 221),9,1
  6090. 238978,en,15,kubbara,kubbara,Kubbara,Kubbara,the pole of a carriage A.IV,191,193; VvA.269,271,275.ratha° S.I,109,Vv 64<sup>2</sup> (=vedikā VvA).Der.(vividha-) kubbaratā VvA.276.(Page 221),7,1
  6091. 238996,en,15,kubbati,kubbati,Kubbati,Kubbati,<sup>2</sup> etc.see karoti II.(Page 221),7,1
  6092. 239056,en,15,kucchi,kucchi,Kucchi,Kucchi,(f.) [Sk.kukṣiḥ,cp.kośa] a cavity,esp.the belly (Vism.101) or the womb; aṇṇava° the interior of the ocean I.119,227; J.V,416; jāla° the hollow of the net J.I,210.As womb frequent,e.g.mātu° J.I,149; DA.I,224; PvA.19,63,111,195; as pregnant womb containing gabbha J.I,50; II,2; VI,482; DhA.II,261.<br><br> <i>--ḍāha</i> enteric fever DhA.I,182; <i>--parihārika</i> sustaining,feeding the belly D.I,71=Pug.58; <i>--roga</i> abdominal trouble J.I,243; <i>--vikāra</i> disturbance of the bowels Vin.I,301; <i>--vitthambhana</i> steadying the action of the bowels (digestion) Dhs.646=740=875.(Page 218),6,1
  6093. 239100,en,15,kucchimant,kucchimant,Kucchimant,Kucchimant,(adj.) [fr.kucchi] pregnant J.V,181.(Page 218),10,1
  6094. 239163,en,15,kucchita,kucchita,Kucchita,Kucchita,[Sk.kutsita,pp.of <i>kutsāy</i>] contemptible,vile,bad,only in Com<sup>s</sup> VvA.215; in def.of kāya KhA 38; in def.of kusala DhsA.39; VvA.169; in def.of kukkucca Vism.470; in def.of paṃsu-kūla Vism.60.(Page 218),8,1
  6095. 239242,en,15,kuda,kudā,Kudā,Kudā,see under <i>ku°</i>.(Page 221),4,1
  6096. 239279,en,15,kudandaka,kudaṇḍaka,Kudaṇḍaka,Kudaṇḍaka,a throng J.III,204.(Page 221),9,1
  6097. 239289,en,15,kudara,kudāra,Kudāra,Kudāra,(ku-dāra) a bad wife Pv IV.1<sup>47</sup>.(Page 221),6,1
  6098. 239294,en,15,kudarika,kudārikā,Kudārikā,Kudārikā,at Pv IV.1<sup>47</sup> &#38; PvA.240 is spelling for kuṭhārikā.(Page 221),8,1
  6099. 239305,en,15,kudassu,kudassu,Kudassu,Kudassu,(kud-assu) interj.to be sure,surely (c.fut.) A.I,107; Nett 87; SnA 103.(Page 221),7,1
  6100. 239317,en,15,kudda,kuḍḍa,Kuḍḍa,Kuḍḍa,[to kṣud to grind,cp.cuṇṇa] a wall built of wattle and daub,in °nagaraka “a little wattle and daub town.” D.II,146,169 (cp.Rh.D.on this in Buddh.Suttas p.99).Three such kinds of simply-built walls are mentioned at Vin.IV,266,viz.iṭṭhakā° of tiles,silā° of stone,dāru° of wood.The expl<sup>n</sup> of kuḍḍa at Vism.394 is “geha-bhittiyā etam adhivacanaṃ.” Kuḍḍa-rājā see under kuṭṭa).Also in tirokuḍḍaṃ outside the wall M.I,34=II.18; A.IV,55; Vism.394,and tirokuḍḍesu Kh VIII<sup>1</sup>=Pv.I,5<sup>1</sup>.-- parakuḍḍaṃ nissāya J.II,431 (near another man’s wall) is doubtful; vv.ll.S.kuḍḍhaṃ.B.kuṭaṃ and kuṭṭaṃ.(kuḍḍa-) pāda the lower part of a lath and plaster wall Vin.II,152.Note.Kuḍḍa at Vin.II,151 is to be read kuṭṭa.(Page 219),5,1
  6101. 239324,en,15,kudda-mula,kuḍḍa-mūla,Kuḍḍa-mūla,Kuḍḍa-mūla,a sort of root Vin.III,15.(Page 220),10,1
  6102. 239328,en,15,kuddaka,kuḍḍaka,Kuḍḍaka,Kuḍḍaka,in eka° and dvi° having single or double walls J.I,92.(Page 220),7,1
  6103. 239338,en,15,kuddala,kuddāla,Kuddāla,Kuddāla,a spade or a hoe (kanda-mūla-phalagahaṇ’‹-› atthaṃ DA.I,269) Vin.III,144; J.V,45; DhA.IV,218.Often in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>kuddāla-piṭaka</i> “hoe and basket” D.I,101; S.II,88; V,53; A.I,204; II,199; J.I,225,336.(Page 221),7,1
  6104. 239346,en,15,kuddalaka,kuddālaka,Kuddālaka,Kuddālaka,=prec.DhA.I,266.(Page 221),9,1
  6105. 239386,en,15,kuddha,kuddha,Kuddha,Kuddha,(adj.) [pp.of kujjhati] angry A.IV,96 (and akkuddha IV.93); Pv.I,7<sup>7</sup>; J.II,352,353; VI,517; DhA.II,44.Nom.pl.kuddhāse It.2=7.(Page 221),6,1
  6106. 239426,en,15,kuditthi,kudiṭṭhi,Kudiṭṭhi,Kudiṭṭhi,(f.) [ku+diṭṭhi] wrong belief Sdhp.86.(Page 221),8,1
  6107. 239435,en,15,kudrusa,kudrūsa,Kudrūsa,Kudrūsa,a kind of grain Miln.267; also as kudrūsaka Vin.IV,264; D.III,71; Nd<sup>2</sup> 314; DA.I,78; DhsA.331.(Page 221),7,1
  6108. 239471,en,15,kudumalaka,kuḍumalaka,Kuḍumalaka,Kuḍumalaka,[for kusuma°] an opening bud A.IV,117,119.(Page 219),10,1
  6109. 239492,en,15,kuha,kuha,Kuha,Kuha,(adj.) [Sk.kuha; *qeudh to conceal,cp.Gr.keu/dw; Ags hȳdan,E.hide] deceitful,fraudulent,false,in phrase kuhā thaddhā lapā singī A.II,26=Th.1,959= It.113.-- akuha honest,upright M.I,386; Sn.957; Miln.352.(Page 224),4,1
  6110. 239503,en,15,kuhaka,kuhaka,Kuhaka,Kuhaka,[der.fr.prec.] deceitful,cheating; a cheat,a fraud,comb<sup>d</sup> with lapaka D.I,8; A.III,111.-- A.V,159 sq.; Sn.984,987; J.I,375 (°tāpasa); DhA.IV,152 (°brāhmaṇa); IV,153 (°cora); Miln.310,357; PvA.13; DA.I,91.(Page 224),6,1
  6111. 239551,en,15,kuhana,kuhanā,Kuhanā,Kuhanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.adj.kuhana=kuhaka] 1.deceit,fraud,hypocrisy,usually in comb<sup>n</sup> kuhana-lapana “deceit and talking-over”=deceitful talk D.I,8; A.III,430; DA.I,92; Miln.383; Nd<sup>2</sup> on avajja.-- M.I,465=It.28,29; S.IV,118; A.V,159 sq.; Vism.23; Vbh.352; Sdhp.375.-- 2.menacing SnA 582.-- Opp.akuhaka Sn.852.-- Var.commentator’s derivations are kuhāyanā (fr.kuhanā) and kuhitattaṃ (fr.kuheti),to be found at Vism.26.<br><br> --vatthūni (pl.) cases or opportunities of deceit,three of which are discussed at Nd<sup>2</sup> on nikkuha,mentioned also at Vism.24; DA.I,91 &#38; SnA 107.(Page 224),6,1
  6112. 239572,en,15,kuhara,kuhara,Kuhara,Kuhara,(nt.) (der.fr.kuha) a hole,a cavity; lit.a hidingplace Dāvs.I,62.(Page 224),6,1
  6113. 239591,en,15,kuheti,kuheti,Kuheti,Kuheti,[v.denom.fr.kuha] to deceive DA.91; ger.kuhitvā deceiving J.VI,212. Kūjati [kuj,expl<sup>d</sup> with guj at Dhtp 78 by “avyatte sadde”] to sing (of birds; cp.vikūjati) J.II,439; IV,296; Dāvs.V,51.-- pp.kūjita see abhi°,upa°.(Page 224),6,1
  6114. 239595,en,15,kuhilika,kuhilikā,Kuhilikā,Kuhilikā,(pl.) kuhali flowers Attanugaluvaṃsa 216.(Page 224),8,1
  6115. 239604,en,15,kuhim,kuhiṃ,Kuhiṃ,Kuhiṃ,see under ku°.(Page 224),5,1
  6116. 239623,en,15,kuhiyati,kuhīyati,Kuhīyati,Kuhīyati,only in pahaṃsīyati+k° “he exults and rejoices” at Miln.325 (cp.Miln.trsl.II.220,where printed kuhūyati).(Page 224),8,1
  6117. 239642,en,15,kujana,kujana,Kujana,Kujana,(adj.) [fr.<i>kujati</i>] only neg.<i>a°</i> not going crooked,in ratho akujano nāma S.I,33.(Page 218),6,1
  6118. 239661,en,15,kujati,kujati,Kujati,Kujati,[or kujjati? see kujja] in kujantā dīnalocanā Sdhp.166:to be bent,crooked,humpbacked? (Page 218),6,1
  6119. 239691,en,15,kujja,kujja,Kujja,Kujja,(adj.) [Sk.kubja,humpbacked; √qub,Lat.cubare,Gr.kufόs,Mhg.hogger,humpback] lit.“bent,” as nt.kujjaṃ in ajjhena-kujjaṃ Sn.242 crookedness,deceit,fraud (cp.SnA 286 kūṭa?).Cp.kujati &#38; khujja,see also ava°,uk°,nik°,paṭi°,pali°.(Page 218),5,1
  6120. 239714,en,15,kujjhana,kujjhana,Kujjhana,Kujjhana,(adj.) [fr.kujjhati] angry=kodhana VvA.71; Pug.A 215 (°bhāva).<i>Kujjhanā</i> (f.) anger,irritation,together with <i>kujjhitattaṃ</i> in def<sup>n</sup> of kodha Dhs.1060= Pug.18,22.(Page 219),8,1
  6121. 239742,en,15,kujjhapana,kujjhāpana,Kujjhāpana,Kujjhāpana,(nt.) [Caus.formation fr.kujjhati] being angry at DhA.IV,182.(Page 219),10,1
  6122. 239758,en,15,kujjhati,kujjhati,Kujjhati,Kujjhati,[cp.Vedic krunhyate,fr.<i>krudh</i>] to be angry with (Dat.) A.I,283=Pug.32,48; Vism.306; mā kujjhittha kujjhataṃ,“don’t be angry” S.I,240; mā kujjhi J.III,22; na kujjheyya Dh.224; ger.kujjhitvā PvA.117,grd.kujjhitabba Pv IV.1.<sup>11</sup> (Page 219),8,1
  6123. 239804,en,15,kukku,kukku,Kukku,Kukku,[cp.Sk.kiṣku?] a measure of length S.V,445= A.IV,404,and in <i>kukkukata</i> Vin.I,255=V.172 (cp.however Vin.Texts I.154,on Bdhgh’s note=temporary).(Page 218),5,1
  6124. 239822,en,15,kukkucca,kukkucca,Kukkucca,Kukkucca,[kud-kicca] 1.bad doing,misconduct,bad character.Def.kucchitaṃ kataṃ kukataṃ tassa bhāvo kukkuccaṃ Vism.470 &#38; Bdhd 24; -- Various explanations in Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.1106=Dhs.1160,in its literal sense it is bad behaviour with hands and feet (hattha-pada°) J.I,119=DA.I,42 (in comb<sup>n</sup> with ukkāsita &#38; khipitasadda); hattha° alone J.II,142.-- 2.remorse,scruple,worry.In this sense often with vippaṭissāra; and in conn.w.uddhacca it is the fourth of the five nīvaraṇas (q.v.) Vin.I,49; IV,70; D.I,246; S.I,99; M.I,437; A.I,134=Sn.1106; A.I,282; Sn.925; Nd<sup>2</sup> 379; DhA.III,483; IV,88; Sdhp.459; Bdhd 96.-- na kiñci k°ṃ na koci vippaṭissāreti “has nobody any remorse?” S.III,120=IV.46.The dispelling of scrupulousness is one of the duties and virtues of a muni:k°ṃ vinodetuṃ A.V,72; k.pahāya D.I,71=A.II,210=Pug.59; chinnakukkucca (adj.) free from remorse M.I,108; khīṇāsava k°-vūpasanta S.I,167=Sn.82.-- <i>akukkucca</i> (adj.) free from worry,having no remorse Sn.850.Kukkuccaṃ kurute (c.Gen.) to be scrupulous about J.I,377; kariṃsu DhA.IV,88; cp.<i>kukkuccaṃ āpajjati</i> (expl.by saṅkati) J.III,66.(Page 218),8,1
  6125. 239839,en,15,kukkuccaka,kukkuccaka,Kukkuccaka,Kukkuccaka,(adj.) conscientious (too) scrupulous,“faithful in little” J.I,376; VvA.319.(Page 218),10,1
  6126. 239887,en,15,kukkuccayati,kukkuccāyati,Kukkuccāyati,Kukkuccāyati,[denom.fr.kukkucca] to feel remorse,to worry A.I,85; Pug.26.Der.are kukkuccāyanā and °āyitatta=kukkucca in def.at Dhs.1160=Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.(Page 218),12,1
  6127. 239911,en,15,kukkucciya,kukkucciya,Kukkucciya,Kukkucciya,=kukkucca Sn.972.(Page 218),10,1
  6128. 239934,en,15,kukkuka,kukkuka,Kukkuka,Kukkuka,[fr.kukku] “of the kukku-measure,” to be measured by a kukku.Of a stone-pillar,16 k’s high S.V,445 A.IV,404.-- <i>akukkuka-jāta</i> of enormous height (of a tree) M.I,233=S.III,141 (text:akukkajāta) =IV.167; A.II,200 (text:<i>akukkuccakajāta</i>).Kern (Toev.s.v.kukka) takes it to mean “grown crooked,” a° the opposite.(Page 218),7,1
  6129. 239949,en,15,kukkula,kukkuḷa,Kukkuḷa,Kukkuḷa,[taken as variant of kukkuṭa by Morris,J.P.T.S.1885,39; occurs also in BSk.as Name of a Purgatory,e.g.MVastu I.6; III,369,455.The classical Sk.form is kukūla] hot ashes,embers S.III,177; J.II,134; Kvu 208,cf.trans.127; with ref.to Purgatory S.I,209; J.V,143 (°nāma Niraya); Sdhp.194; Pgdp 24.<br><br> <i>--vassa</i> a shower of hot ashes J.I,73; IV,389 (v.l.).(Page 218),7,1
  6130. 239984,en,15,kukkura,kukkura,Kukkura,Kukkura,[Sk.kurkura,or is it ku-krura? Cp.kurūra] a dog.usually of a fierce character,a hound A.III,389; V,271; J.I,175 sq.; 189; Pv III,7<SUP>Q</SUP>; Sdhp.90.In similes:S.IV,198; M.I,364; A.IV,377.-- f.<i>kukkurinī</i> Miln.67.<br><br> <i>--vatika</i> (adj.) imitating a dog,cynic M.I,387 (+dukkara kāraka; also as k°-vata,°sīla,°citta,°ākappa); D.III,6,7; Nett 99 (+govatika; <i>--saṅgha</i> a pack of hounds A.III,75.(Page 218),7,1
  6131. 240061,en,15,kukkusa,kukkusa,Kukkusa,Kukkusa,1.the red powder of rice husks Vin.II,280 (see Bdgh II.328:kukkusaṃ mattikaṃ=kuṇḍakañ c’eva mattikañ ca).-- 2.(adj.) variegated,spotted J.VI,539 (=kaḷakabara 540; v.l.B.ukkusa).(Page 218),7,1
  6132. 240073,en,15,kukkuta,kukkuṭa,Kukkuṭa,Kukkuṭa,(Sk.kurkuṭa &#38; kukkuṭa; onomatopoetic=Lat.cucurio,Ger.kikeriki) a cock Miln.363; J.IV,58; VvA.163; f.<i>kukkuṭī</i> a hen DhA.I,48; ThA.255; in simile M.I,104=357=A.IV,125 sq.,176 sq.(cp.°potako).<br><br> <i>--aṇḍa</i> (kukkuṭ°) a hen’s egg Vism.261.<i>--patta</i> the wing of a cock A.IV,47.<i>--potaka</i> a chicken,in simile M.I,104=357=A.IV,126=176.<i>--yuddha</i> a cock fight D.I,6; <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> divining by means of a cock D.I,9; <i>--sampātika</i> a shower of hot ashes (cock as symbol of fire) A.I,159=D.III,75,cp.Divy 316 and see Morris,J.P.T.S.1885,38; <i>--sūkarā</i> (pl.) cocks and pigs D.I,5= A.II,209=Pug.58; D.I,141; A.II,42 sq.; It.36.(Page 218),7,1
  6133. 240220,en,15,kukutthaka,kukutthaka,Kukutthaka,Kukutthaka,(v.l.BB.kukkuṭhaka) a kind of bird J.VI,539.Kern (Toev.s.v.) takes it to be Sk.kukkuṭaka,phasianus gallus.(Page 218),10,1
  6134. 240233,en,15,kula,kula,Kula,Kula,(nt.; but poetic pl.kulā Pv.II,9<sup>43</sup> [Idg.<i>*qǔel</i> (revolve); see under kaṇṭha,cakka and carati] 1.clan,a high social grade,“good family,” cp.Gr.(doric) fuά,Goth.kuni.A collection of cognates and agnates,in sense of Ohg.sippa,clan; “house” in sense of line or descent (cp.House of Bourbon,Homeric genέh).Bdhgh at Vism.91 distinguishes 2 kinds of kulāni,viz.ñātikulaṃ &#38; upaṭṭhāka-kulaṃ.-- 1.A.II,249 (on welfare and ill-luck of clans); Sn.144; 711; It.109 sq.(sabrahmakāni,etc.); Dh.193.-- brāhmaṇa° a Brahmanic family A.V,249; J.IV,411,etc.; vāṇija° the household of a trader J.III,82; kassaka° id.of a farmer J.II,109; purāṇaseṭṭhi° of a banker J.VI,364; upaṭṭhāka° (Sāriputtassa) a family who devoted themselves to the service of S.Vin.I,83; sindhava° VvA.280.-- uccākula of high descent Pv III,1<sup>16</sup>,opp.nīca° of mean birth Sn.411 (cp.°kulīno); viz.caṇḍālakula,nesāda°,veṇa°,etc.M.II,152=A.I,107=II.85=III,385=Pug.51; sadisa° a descent of equal standing PvA.82; kula-rūpa- sampanna endowed with “race” and beauty PvA.3,280.-- 2.household,in the sense of house; kulāni people DhA.I,388; parakulesu among other people Dh.73; parakule do.VvA.66; kule kule appaṭibaddhacitto not in love with a particular family Sn.65; cp.kule gaṇe āvāse (asatto or similar terms) Nd<sup>2</sup> on taṇhā IV.-- devakula temple J.II,411; rāja° the king’s household.palace J.I,290; III,277; VI,368; kulāni bahutthikāni (=bahuitthikāni,bahukitthī° A.IV,278) appapurisāni “communities in which there are many women but few men” Vin.II,256=S.II,264=A.IV,278; ñāti-kula (my) home Vv 37<sup>10</sup> (:pitugehaṃ sandhāya VvA.171).<br><br> <i>--aṅgāra</i> “the charcoal of the family” i.e.one who brings a family to ruin,said of a squanderer S.IV,324 (text kulaṅgāroti:but vv.ll.show ti as superfluous); printed kulaṅguro (for kul-aṅkuro? v.l.kulaṅgāro) kulapacchimako (should it be kulapacchijjako? cp.vv.ll.at J.IV,69) dhanavināsako J.VI,380.Also in kulapacchimako kulagaro pāpadhammo J.IV,69.Both these refer to an avajāta putta.Cp.also kulassa aṅgārabhūta DhA.III,350; SnA.192 (of a dujjāto putto),and kulagandhana; <i>--itthi</i> a wife of good descent,together with kuladhītā,°kumārī,°suṇhā,°dāsī at Vin.II,10; A.III,76; Vism.18.<i>--ûpaka</i> (also read as °upaka,°ûpaga; °upaga; for ûpaga,see Trenckner,P.M.62,n.16; cp.kulopaka Divy 307) frequenting a family,dependent on a (or one &#38; the same) family (for alms,etc.); a friend,an associate.Freq.in formula kulūpako hoti bahukāni kulāni upasaṅkamati,e.g.Vin.III,131,135; IV,20.-- Vin.I,192,208; III,84,237; V,132; S.II,200 sq.; A.III,136,258 sq.; Pv III,8<sup>5</sup>; Vism.28; DA.I,142 (rāja°); PvA.266.f.kulūpikā (bhikkhunī) Vin.II,268; IV,66; <i>--gandhana</i> at It.64 and kule gandhina at J.IV,34 occur in the same sense and context as kulaṅgāra in J.-passages on avajāta-putta.The It-MSS.either explain k- gandhana by kulacchedaka or have vv.ll.kuladhaṃsana and kusajantuno.Should it be read as kulaṅgāraka? Cp.gandhina; <i>--geha</i> clanhouse,i.e.father’s house DhA.I,49.<i>--tanti</i> in kulatantikulapaveṇi-rakkhako anujāto putto “one who keeps up the line &#38; tradition of the family” J.VI,380; <i>--dattika</i> (and <i>°dattiya</i>) given by the family or clan J.III,221 (°sāmika); IV,146 (where DhA.I,346 reads °santaka),189 (°kambala); VI,348 (pati).<i>--dāsī</i> a female slave in a respectable family Vin.II,10; VvA.196; <i>--dūsaka</i> one who brings a family into bad repute Sn.89; DhA.II,109; <i>--dvāra</i> the door of a family Sn.288; <i>--dhītā</i> the daughter of a respectable family Vin.II,10; DhA.III,172; VvA.6; PvA.112; <i>--pasāda</i> the favour received by a family,°ka one who enjoys this favour A.I,25,cp.SnA 165,opp.of kuladūsaka; <i>--putta</i> a clansman,a (young) man of good family,fils de famille,cp.Low Ger.haussohn; a gentleman,man of good birth.As 2nd characteristic of a Brahmin (with sujāto as 1st) in formula at D.I,93,94≈; Vin.I,15,43,185,288,350; M.I,85≈(in kāmānaṃ ādīnavo passage),192,210,463; A.II,249; J.I,82; VI,71; It.89; VvA.128; PvA.12,29; <i>--macchariya</i> selfishness concerning one’s family,touchiness about his clan D.III,234 (in list of 5 kinds of selfishness); also to be read at Dhs.1122 for kusala°; <i>--vaṃsa</i> lineage,progeny M.II,181; A.III,43; IV,61; DA.I,256; expressions for the keeping up of the lineage or its neglect are:°ṭhapana D.III,189; PvA.5; nassati or nāseti J.IV,69; VvA.149; upacchindati PvA.31,82; <i>--santaka</i> belonging to one’s family,property of the clan J.I,52; DhA.I,346 (where J.IV,146 reads °dattika).(Page 222),4,1
  6135. 240250,en,15,kula,kūla,Kūla,Kūla,(nt.) [Dhtp 271:kūla āvaraṇe] a slope,a bank,an embankment.Usually of rivers:S.I,143=J.III,361; A.I,162; Sn.977; J.I,227; Miln.36:udapāna° the facing of a well Vin.II,122; vaccakūpassa k° the sides of a cesspool Vin.II,141.See also paṃsu°, &#38; cp.uk°,upa°,paṭi°.(Page 225),4,1
  6136. 240435,en,15,kulala,kulala,Kulala,Kulala,a vulture,hawk,falcon,either in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>kāka</i> or gijjha,or both.Kāka+k° Vin.IV,40; Sn.675 (=SnA 250); gijjha+k° PvA.198; gijjhā kākā k° Vin.III,106; kākā k° gijjhā M.I,58; cp.gijjho kaṅko kulalo M.I,364,429.(Page 223),6,1
  6137. 240446,en,15,kulala,kulāla,Kulāla,Kulāla,a potter; only in --cakka a potter’s wheel J.I,63; --bhājana a potter’s vessel DhA.I,316; PvA.274.(Page 223),6,1
  6138. 240519,en,15,kulanka,kulaṅka,Kulaṅka,Kulaṅka,--pādaka “buttresses of timber” (Vin.Texts III,174) Vin.II,152 (cp.Bdhgh.p.321 and also Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,78).(Page 223),7,1
  6139. 240746,en,15,kulattha,kulattha,Kulattha,Kulattha,a kind of vetch M.I,245 (°yūsa):Miln.267; Vism.256 (°yūsa).(Page 223),8,1
  6140. 240769,en,15,kulava,kulāva,Kulāva,Kulāva,1.waste (?) Vin.II,292:na kulāvaṃ gamenti “don’t let anything go to waste.” Reading doubtful.-- 2.a cert.bird J.VI,538.(Page 223),6,1
  6141. 240794,en,15,kulavaka,kulāvaka,Kulāvaka,Kulāvaka,(nt.) a nest D.I,91 (=DA.I,257 nivāsaṭṭhanaṃ); S.I,8; S.I,224=J.I,203 (a brood of birds=supaṇṇapotakā); J.III,74 (v.l.BB),431; VI,344; DhA.II,22.(Page 223),8,1
  6142. 240885,en,15,kulika,kulika,Kulika,Kulika,(adj.) [fr.kula] belonging to a family,in agga° coming from a very good family PvA.199.(Page 223),6,1
  6143. 240889,en,15,kulika,kuḷika,Kuḷika,Kuḷika,(?) in kata°-kalāpaka a bundle of beads? Bdhgh Vin.II,315 (C.V,V.1,3) in expl<sup>n</sup> of kuruvindaka-sutti.(Page 223),6,1
  6144. 240897,en,15,kulin,kulin,Kulin,Kulin,=kulika,in akulino rājāno ignoble kings Anvs.introd.(see J.P.T.S.1886 p.35<sup>5</sup>,where akuliro which is conjectured as akulino by Andersen,Pāli Reader,p.102<sup>4</sup>).(Page 223),5,1
  6145. 240905,en,15,kulina,kulīna,Kulīna,Kulīna,=prec.in abhijāta-kula-kulīna descendant of a recognized clan Miln.359 (of a king); uccā° of noble birth,in uccākulīnatā descent from a high family S.I,87; M.III,37; VvA.32; nīca° of mean birth Sn.462.(Page 223),6,1
  6146. 240924,en,15,kulinka,kuliṅka,Kuliṅka,Kuliṅka,a bird J.III,541 (=sakuṇika 542).Cp.kuluṅka.(Page 223),7,1
  6147. 240933,en,15,kulira,kulīra,Kulīra,Kulīra,a crab,in kulīra-pādaka “a crab-footer,” i.e.a (sort of) bedstead Vin.II,149; IV,40 (kulira),cp.Bdhgh on latter passage at Vin.IV,357 (kuḷira° and kuḷiya°):a bedstead with curved or carved legs; esp.when carved to represent animal’s feet (Vin.Texts III,164).(Page 223),6,1
  6148. 240946,en,15,kuliraka,kulīraka,Kulīraka,Kulīraka,a crab J.VI,539 (=kakkaṭaka 540).(Page 223),8,1
  6149. 240985,en,15,kulla,kulla,Kulla,Kulla,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.kula,Sk.kaula &#38; kaulya,*kulya] belonging to the family J.IV,34 (°vatta family custom).(Page 223),5,1
  6150. 240986,en,15,kulla,kulla,Kulla,Kulla,<sup>1</sup> a raft (of basket-work) (orig.meaning “hollow shaft,” cp.Sk.kulya,bone; Lat.caulis stalk,Gr.kaulόs,Ohg.hol,E.hollow) Vin.I,230; D.II,89 (kullaṃ bandhati); M.I,134 (kullūpama dhamma).(Page 223),5,1
  6151. 240998,en,15,kullaka,kullaka,Kullaka,Kullaka,crate,basket work,a kind of raft,a little basket J.VI,64.<br><br> --vihāra (adj.) the state of being like one who has found a raft (?) Vin.II,304 (cp.Bdhgh uttānavihāra ibid.p.330,and Vin.Texts III,404:an easy life).More correct is Kern’s expl<sup>n</sup> (Toev.s.v.) which puts kullaka in this comb<sup>n</sup>=kulla<sup>2</sup> (Sk.kauyla),thus meaning well-bred,of good family,gentlemanly.--saṇṭhāna consisting of stalks bound together,like a raft J.II,406--408 (not correct Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,78).Cp.Kern,Toev.I.154.(Page 223),7,1
  6152. 241031,en,15,kulunka,kuluṅka,Kuluṅka,Kuluṅka,a cert.small bird J.III,478.Cp.kuliṅka.(Page 223),7,1
  6153. 241109,en,15,kumara,kumāra,Kumāra,Kumāra,[Vedic kumāra] a young boy,son Sn.685 sq.(kuhiṃ kumāro aham api daṭthukāmo:w.ref.to the child Gotama); Pv III,5<sup>2</sup>; PvA.39,41 (=māṇava); daharo kumāro M.II,24,44.-- a son of (-°) rāja° PvA.163; khattiya°,brāhmaṇa° Bdhd 84; deva° J.III,392 yakkha° Bdhd 84.<br><br> --<i>kīḷā</i> the amusement of a boy J.I,137; --<i>pañhā</i> questions suitable for a boy Kh III,; --lakkhaṇa divination by means of a young male child (+kumāri°) D.I,9.(Page 221),6,1
  6154. 241134,en,15,kumaraka,kumāraka,Kumāraka,Kumāraka,1.m.a young boy,a youngster,kumārakā vā kumāriyo boys and girls S.III,190.2.nt.°ṃ a childish thing A.III,114.-- f.°ikā a young girl,a virgin J.I,290,411; II,180; IV,219 (thulla°); VI,64; DhA.III,171.<br><br> --<i>vāda</i> speech like a young boy’s; S.II,219.(Page 221),8,1
  6155. 241216,en,15,kumari,kumārī,Kumārī,Kumārī,(f.) a young girl Vin.II,10; V,129 (thulla°); A.III,76; J.III,395 (daharī k°); Pug.66 (itthī vā k° vā).<br><br> --<i>pañha</i> obtaining oracular answers from a girl supposed to be possessed by a spirit D.I,11 (cp.DA.I,97).(Page 221),6,1
  6156. 241277,en,15,kumati,kumati,Kumati,Kumati,wrong thought,wrong view (cp.kudiṭṭhi) Bdhd 137.(Page 221),6,1
  6157. 241295,en,15,kumbha,kumbha,Kumbha,Kumbha,[for etym.s.kūpa and cp.Low Ger.kump or kumme,a round pot] 1.a round jar,waterpot (=kulālabhājana earthenware DhA.I,317),frequent in similes,either as illustrating fragility or emptiness and fullness:A.I,130,131=Pug.32; A.V,337; S.II,83; Miln.414.As uda° waterpot Dh.121; J.I,20; Pv.I,12<sup>9</sup>.-- 2.one of the frontal globes of an elephant Vin.II,195 (hatthissa); VvA.182 (°ālaṅkārā ornaments for these).<br><br> --ûpama resembling a jar,of kāya Dh.40 (=DhA.I,317); of var.kinds of puggalā A.II,104=Pug.45.--kāra 1.a potter; enumerated with other occupations and trades at D.I,51=Miln.331.Vin.IV,7.In similes,generally referring to his skill D.I,78=M.II,18; Vism.142,376; Sn.577; DhA.I,39 (°sālā).rāja° the king’s potter J.I,121.-- 2.a bird (Phasianus gallus? Hardy) VvA.163.-- Cpds.:°antevāsin the potter’s apprentice D.I,78=M.II,18; --°nivesana the dwelling of a potter Vin.I,342,344; S.III,119; °pāka the potter’s oven S.II,83; A.IV,102; °-putta son of a potter (cp.Dial.I.100),a potter Vin.III,41 sq.; <i>--kārikā</i> a large earthen vessel (used as a hut to live in,Bdhgh) Vin.II,143,cp.Vin.Texts III,156; <i>--ṭṭhānakathā</i> gossip at the well D.I,8=D.III,36=A.V,128= S.V,419,expl<sup>d</sup>.at DA.I,90 by udaka-ṭṭhānakathā,with variant udakatittha-kathā ti pi vuccati kumbha-dāsikathā vā; <i>--thūṇa</i> a sort of drum D.I,6 (expl.at DA.I,84:caturassara-ammaṇakatāḷaṃ kumbhasaddan ti pi eke); D.III,183; J.V,506 (pāṇissaraṃ+).--°ika one who plays that kind of drum Vin.IV,285=302; <i>--tthenaka</i> of cora,a thief,“who steals by means of a pot” (i.e.lights his candle under a pot (?) Bdhgh on Vin.II,256,cp.Vin.Texts III,325 “robber burglars”) only in simile Vin.II,256=S.II,264=A.IV,278; <i>--dāsī</i> a slave girl who brings the water from the well D.I,168; Miln.331; DhA.I,401 (udakatitthato k° viya ānītā).<i>--dūhana</i> milking into the pitchers,giving a pail of milk (of gāvo,cows) Sn.309.Cp.kuṇḍi.<i>--bhāramatta</i> as much as a pot can hold J.V,46; <i>--matta</i> of the size of a pot,in kumbhamattarahassaṅgā mahodarā yakkhā,expl<sup>n</sup>.of kumbhaṇḍā J.III,147.(Page 221),6,1
  6158. 241434,en,15,kumbhanda,kumbhaṇḍa,Kumbhaṇḍa,Kumbhaṇḍa,1.m.a class of fairies or genii grouped with Yakkhas,Rakkhasas and Asuras S.II,258 (k° puriso vehāsaṃ gacchanto); J.I,204; III,147 (with def.); Miln.267; DhA.I,280; Pgdp 60.-- 2.nt.a kind of gourd J.I,411 (lābu°); V,37; (elāḷuka-lābuka°); DA.I,73= DhA.I,309 (placed on the back of a horse,as symbol of instability); the same as f.<i>kumbhaṇḍī</i> Vism.183 (lābu+).(Page 222),9,1
  6159. 241539,en,15,kumbhi,kumbhī,Kumbhī,Kumbhī,(f.) a large round pot (often comb<sup>d</sup> with kaḷopī,) Vin.I,49,52,286; II,142,210; Th.2,283.loha° a copper (also as lohamaya k° Sn.670),in °pakkhepana,one of the ordeals in Niraya PvA.221.Also a name for one of the Nirayas (see lohakumbhī).Cp.nidhi°.<br><br> <i>--mukha</i> the rim of a pot (always with kaḷopi-mukha) D.I,166 and≈(see kaḷopī); Vism.328.(Page 222),6,1
  6160. 241572,en,15,kumbhila,kumbhīla,Kumbhīla,Kumbhīla,(kuṃ+bhīra?) a crocodile (of the Gaṅges) J.I,216,278; DhA.I,201; III,362.<br><br> <i>--bhaya</i> the fear of the crocodile,in enumeration of several objects causing fear,at M.I,459 sq.=A.II,123 sq.; Miln.196=Nd<sup>2</sup> on bhaya.-- Th.2,502; <i>--rājā</i> the king of the crocodiles J.II,159.(Page 222),8,1
  6161. 241590,en,15,kumbhilaka,kumbhīlaka,Kumbhīlaka,Kumbhīlaka,[fr.kumbhīla] a kind of bird (“little crocodile”) J.IV,347.(Page 222),10,1
  6162. 241636,en,15,kumina,kumina,Kumina,Kumina,(nt.) a fish net Vin.III,63; Th.1,297; J.II,238; ThA.243.(Page 221),6,1
  6163. 241662,en,15,kumma,kumma,Kumma,Kumma,[Vedic kūrma] a tortoise S.IV,177 (+kacchapa); M.I,143; J.V,489; Miln.363,408 (here as land-tortoise:cittaka-dhara°).(Page 222),5,1
  6164. 241675,en,15,kummagga,kummagga,Kummagga,Kummagga,(and <i>kumagga</i>) [kuṃ+magga] a wrong path (lit.and fig.) Miln.390 (+kupatha); fig.(=micchāpatha) Dhs.381,1003; Pug.22.Kummaggaṃ paṭipajjati to lose one’s way,to go astray.lit.Pv IV.3<sup>5</sup>; PvA.44 (v.l.SS.); fig.Sn.736; It.117; Th.2,245.(Page 222),8,1
  6165. 241713,en,15,kummasa,kummāsa,Kummāsa,Kummāsa,[Vedic kulmāṣa] junket,usually with <i>odana</i>,boiled rice.In formula of kāya (cātummahābhūtika etc.,see kāya) D.I,76=M.II,17 and ≈; in enum.of material food (kabaḷiṅkārâhāra) Dhs.646,740,875.‹-› Vin.III,15; J.I,228; Vv 14<sup>6</sup> (=VvA.62 yava°); VvA.98 (odana°).In comb<sup>n</sup> with pūva (cake) DhA.I,367; PvA.244.(Page 222),7,1
  6166. 241747,en,15,kummiga,kummiga,Kummiga,Kummiga,(kuṃ+miga] a small or insignificant animal Miln.346.(Page 222),7,1
  6167. 241760,en,15,kumuda,kumuda,Kumuda,Kumuda,(nt.) 1.the white lotus Dh.285; Vv 35<sup>4</sup> (=VvA.161); J.V,37 (seta°); Vism.174; DA.I,139.-- 2.a high numeral,in vīsati kumudā nirayā A.V,173=Sn.p.126.<br><br> --<i>naḷa </i>a lotus-stalk J.I,223; --<i>patta</i> (-vaṇṇa) (having the colour of) white lotus petals J.I,58 (Ep.of sindhavā,steeds); --bhaṇḍikā a kind of corn Miln.292; --<i>vaṇṇa</i> (adj.) of the colour of white lotus (sindhavā) PvA.74,--<i>vana</i> a mass of white lotuses J.V,37.(Page 221),6,1
  6168. 241835,en,15,kuna,kuṇa,Kuṇa,Kuṇa,(adj.) [cp.kuṇi lame from <i>*qer</i>,to bend=Gr.kullόs crooked and lame,Lat.curvus &#38; coluber snake] distorted,bent,crooked,lame Pv.II,9<sup>26</sup> (v.l.kuṇḍa; cp.PvA.123.kuṇita paṭikuṇita an-ujubhūta); DhA.III,71 (kāṇa° blind and lame).(Page 220),4,1
  6169. 241847,en,15,kunala,kuṇāla,Kuṇāla,Kuṇāla,N.of a bird (the Indian cuckoo) J.V,214 sq.(kuṇāla-jātaka).Kuṇāla-daha “cuckoo-lake,” N.of one of the seven great lakes in the Himavant Vism.416.(Page 220),6,1
  6170. 241868,en,15,kunalaka,kuṇālaka,Kuṇālaka,Kuṇālaka,[fr.kuṇāla] the cuckoo J.V,406 (=kokila).(Page 220),8,1
  6171. 241888,en,15,kunalin,kuṇalin,Kuṇalin,Kuṇalin,in kuṇalīkata and kuṇalīmukha contracted,contorted Pv.II,9 <sup>26.28.</sup> (Hardy,but Minayeff and Hardy’s S.S.Kuṇḍalī°),expl<sup>d</sup> PvA.123 by mukhavikārena vikuṇitaṃ (or vikucitaṃ SS.) sakuṇitaṃ (better:saṅkucitaṃ) (cp.Sk.<i>kuc</i> or <i>kuñc</i> to shrink).(Page 220),7,1
  6172. 241900,en,15,kunapa,kuṇapa,Kuṇapa,Kuṇapa,[der.fr.kuṇa? cp.Sk.kuṇapa] a corpse,carcase,Vin.III,68=M.I,73=A.IV,377 (ahi°,kukkura°,manussa° pūti°); A.IV,198 sq.; Sn.205; J.I,61,146; PvA.15.Kaṇṭhe āsatto kuṇapo a corpse hanging round one’s neck M.I,120; J.I,5; also Vin.III,68≈.-- The abovementioned list of corpses (ahi°,etc.) is amplified at Vism.343 as follows:hatthi°,assa°,go°,mahiṃsa°,manussa°,ahi°,kukkura°.Cp.<i>kaḷebara</i>.<br><br> --gandha smell of a rotting corpse SnA 286; PvA.32.(Page 220),6,1
  6173. 241954,en,15,kunca,kuñca,Kuñca,Kuñca,(nt.) [<i>kruñc</i>,cp.Sk.krośati,Pali koñca,Lat.crocio,cornix,corvus; Gr.krw/cw,kraugή; all of crowing noise; from sound-root <em>kṛ</em>,see note on gala] a crowing or trumpeting noise (in compounds only).--<i>kāra</i> cackling (of a hen) ThA.255; <i>--nāda</i> trumpeting (of an elephant) J.III,114.(Page 219),5,1
  6174. 241974,en,15,kuncika,kuñcikā,Kuñcikā,Kuñcikā,(f.) a key,Bdhgh on C.V.V.29,2 (Vin.II,319) cp.tāla Vin.II,148; Vism.251 (°kosaka a case for a key); DA.I,200,207,252; DhA.II,143.(Page 219),7,1
  6175. 242014,en,15,kuncita,kuñcita,Kuñcita,Kuñcita,(adj.) [pp.of <em>kuñc</em> or <em>kruñc</em>; cp.Sk.kruñcati,to be crooked,Lat.crux,Ohg.hrukki,also Sk.kuñcita bent] bent,crooked J.I,89 (°kesa with wavy hair); V,202 (°agga:kaṇṇesu lambanti ca kuñcitaggā:expl<sup>d</sup> on p.204 by sīhakuṇḍale sandhāya vadati,evidently taking kuñcita as a sort of earring); of Petas,Sdhp.102.(Page 219),7,1
  6176. 242026,en,15,kunda,kuṇḍa,Kuṇḍa,Kuṇḍa,(a) bent,crooked DA.I,296 (°daṇḍaka); PvA.181.(Page 220),5,1
  6177. 242038,en,15,kunda,kunda,Kunda,Kunda,(nt.) the jasmine Dāvs.V,28.(Page 221),5,1
  6178. 242064,en,15,kundaka,kuṇḍaka,Kuṇḍaka,Kuṇḍaka,the red powder of rice husks (cp.kukkusa) Vin.II,151; 280; J.II,289 (text has kuṇḍadaka)=DhA.III,325 (ibid.as ācāma°).Also used as toilet powder:DhA.II,261 (kuṇḍakena sarīraṃ makkhetvā).--<i>sakuṇḍaka</i> (-bhatta) (a meal) with husk powder-cake J.V,383.<br><br> <i>--aṅgārapūva</i> pancake of rice powder DhA.III,324; <i>--kucchi</i> in °sindhavapotaka “the rice- (cake-) belly colt” J.II,288; <i>--khādaka</i> (a) eating rice-powder J.II,288; (cp.DhA.III,325); <i>--dhūma</i>,lit.smoke of red rice powder,Ep.of the blood J.III,542; <i>--pūva</i> cake of husk-powder J.I,422 sq.; <i>--muṭṭhi</i> a handful of rice-powder VvA.5; DhA.I,425; <i>--yāgu</i> husk-powder gruel J.II,288.(Page 220),7,1
  6179. 242111,en,15,kundala,kuṇḍala,Kuṇḍala,Kuṇḍala,[cp.kuṇḍa,orig.bending,i.e.winding] a ring esp.earring A.I,254=III,16; J.IV,358 (su° with beautiful earrings); DhA.I,25.Frequent as maṇi°,a jewelled earring Vin.II,156; S.I,77; M.I,366; Pv.II,9<sup>50</sup>; sīha° or sīhamukha° an earring with a jewel called “lion’s mouth” J.V,205 (=kuñcita),438.In sāgara° it means the ocean belt Miln.220=J.III,32 (where expl.as sāgaramajjhe dīpavasena ṭhitattā tassa kuṇḍalabhūtaṃ).Cp.also rajju° a rope as belt VvA.212.--kuṇḍalavatta turning,twisting round D.II,18 (of the hair of a Mahāpurisa).(Page 220),7,1
  6180. 242166,en,15,kundalin,kuṇḍalin,Kuṇḍalin,Kuṇḍalin,<sup>2</sup> in kuṇḍalī-kata contorted Pv.II,9<sup>27</sup>.See kuṇalin and cp.Morris,J.P.T.S.1893,14.(Page 220),8,1
  6181. 242167,en,15,kundalin,kuṇḍalin,Kuṇḍalin,Kuṇḍalin,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [fr.kuṇḍala] wearing earrings S.IV,343; J.V,136; VI,478.<i>su°</i> Vv 73<sup>1</sup>.Cp.Maṭṭha° Np.DhA.I,25; Pv.II,5.(Page 220),8,1
  6182. 242195,en,15,kundi,kuṇḍi,Kuṇḍi,Kuṇḍi,(f.) [=kuṇḍikā] a pail or pot,in phrase kuṇḍipaddhana giving a pailful of milk J.VI,504 (Kern,Toev.s.v.compares phrase Sk.kāṃsy’ôpadohana &#38; proposes reading <i>kuṇḍ’opadohana</i>.See also kaṃsupadhāraṇa).(Page 220),5,1
  6183. 242201,en,15,kundika,kuṇḍika,Kuṇḍika,Kuṇḍika,[cp.kuṇḍa] bending,in ahi-kuṇḍika (?) a snake charmer (lit.bender) J.IV,308 (v.l.S.guṇṭhika) see ahi; and catu-kuṇḍika bent as regards his four limbs,i.e.walking on all fours M.I,79; Pv III,2<sup>4</sup> (expl.at PvA.181).(Page 220),7,1
  6184. 242210,en,15,kundika,kuṇḍikā,Kuṇḍikā,Kuṇḍikā,(f.) a water-pot J.I,8,9,II.73 (=kamaṇḍalu),317; V,390; DhA.I,92 (cp.kuṭa).(Page 220),7,1
  6185. 242242,en,15,kuni,kuṇi,Kuṇi,Kuṇi,(adj.) deformed,paralysed (orig.bent,crooked,cp.kuṇa) only of the arm,Acc.to Pug.A.IV,19 either of one or both arms (hands) J.I,353 (expl.kuṇṭhahattha)= DhA.I,376; Pug.51 (kāṇa,kuṇi,khañja); see khañja.(Page 220),4,1
  6186. 242261,en,15,kunita,kuṇita,Kuṇita,Kuṇita,(or kuṇika)=kuṇa PvA.123,125 (or should it be kucita?).Cp.paṭi°.(Page 220),6,1
  6187. 242268,en,15,kunja,kuñja,Kuñja,Kuñja,(m.) a hollow,a glen,dell,used by Dhpāla in expl<sup>n</sup> of kuñjara at VvA.35 (kuñjaro ti kuñje giritale ramati) and PvA.57 (kuṃ pathaviṃ jīrayati kuñjo suvāraṃ aticarati kuñjaro ti).<i>--nadī°</i> a river glen DA.I,209.(Page 219),5,1
  6188. 242281,en,15,kunjara,kuñjara,Kuñjara,Kuñjara,(m.) [Deriv.unknown.The sound is not unlike an elephant’s trumpeting &#38; need not be Aryan,which has hasti.The Sk.of the epics &#38; fables uses both h° and k°] an elephant Vin.II,195; M.I,229,375; S.I,157; Dh.322,324,327; J.V,336; Vv 5<sup>1</sup>; Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup>; DhA.IV,4; ThA.252; Miln.245.--deva° chief of the gods,Ep.of Sakka Vv 47<sup>7</sup>; J.V,158.<br><br> <i>--vara</i> a state elephant VvA.181.<i>--sālā</i> an elephant’s stable DhA.IV,203.(Page 219),7,1
  6189. 242324,en,15,kunkuma,kuṅkuma,Kuṅkuma,Kuṅkuma,(nt.) [cp.Sk.kuṅkuma] saffron Miln.382; Vism.241.(Page 218),7,1
  6190. 242341,en,15,kunkumin,kuṅkumin,Kuṅkumin,Kuṅkumin,(adj.) fidgety J.V,435.(Page 218),8,1
  6191. 242345,en,15,kunkumiya,kuṅkumiya,Kuṅkumiya,Kuṅkumiya,(nt.) noise,tumult J.V,437 (=kolāhala).(Page 218),9,1
  6192. 242358,en,15,kunnadi,kunnadī,Kunnadī,Kunnadī,(f.) (kuṃ-nadī) a small river,a rivulet S.I,109; II,32,118; A.IV,100; J.III,221; Vism.231,416; DA.I,58.(Page 221),7,1
  6193. 242374,en,15,kunta,kunta,Kunta,Kunta,[cp.Sk.kunta lance?] a kind of bird,otherwise called adāsa J.IV,466.(Page 221),5,1
  6194. 242397,en,15,kuntani,kuntanī,Kuntanī,Kuntanī,(f.) a curlew (koñca),used as homing bird J.III,134. Kuntha,only in comb<sup>n</sup> kuntha-kipillaka (or °ikā) a sort of ant J.I,439; IV,142; Sn.602 (°ika); Vism.408; KhA 189.Cp.kimi.(Page 221),7,1
  6195. 242416,en,15,kuntha,kuṇṭha,Kuṇṭha,Kuṇṭha,[cp.kuṇa and kuṇḍa] 1.bent,lame; blunt (of a sword) DhA.I,311 (°kuddāla); Pug.A.I,34 (of asi,opp.tikkhina); °tiṇa a kind of grass Vism.353.-- 2.a cripple J.II,117.(Page 220),6,1
  6196. 242479,en,15,kunthita,kuṇṭhita,Kuṇṭhita,Kuṇṭhita,[a variant of guṇṭhita,as also found in cpd.palikuṇṭhita] Pv.II,3<sup>8</sup> and <i>kuṇḍita</i> S.I,197,both in phrase paṃsu°,according to Hardy,PvA.p.302 to be corrected to <i>guṇṭhita</i> covered with dust (see guṇṭheti).The v.l.at both places is °kuṭṭhita.Also found as paṃsukuṇṭhita at J.VI,559 (=°makkhita C; v.l.B B.kuṇḍita).(Page 220),8,1
  6197. 242502,en,15,kupa,kūpa,Kūpa,Kūpa,(m.) [Vedic kūpa,orig.curvature viz.(a) interior= cavity,cp.Lat.cupa,Gr.ku/pellon cup; also Gr.ku/mbh,Sk.kumbha; -- (b) exterior=heap,cp.Ags.hēap,Ohg.heap,Sk.kūpa mast].1.a pit,a cavity:<i>akkhi°</i> the socket of the eye M.I,80,245; DhsA.306; <i>gūtha°</i> a cesspool D.II,324; Sn.279; Pv.II,3<sup>16</sup>; Pug.36; <i>miḷha°</i> a pit for evacuations Pgdp 23,24; <i>loma°</i> the root of the hair,a pore of the skin DA.I,57; Vism.262,360; also in na loma-kūpamattaṃ pi not even a hairroot J.I,31; III,55; <i>vacca°</i>=gūtha° Vin.II,141,222.As a tank or a well:J.VI,213; VvA.305.-- 2.the mast of a boat J.III,126; Miln.363,378.See next.<br><br> <i>--khaṇa</i> one who digs a pit J.VI,213.<i>--tala</i> the floor of a pit Vism.362.(Page 225),4,1
  6198. 242513,en,15,kupaka,kūpaka,Kūpaka,Kūpaka,=kūpa 1.Vism.361 (akkhi°),362 (nadītīra°),449 (id.); =kūpa.2.J.II,112; IV,17.(Page 225),6,1
  6199. 242543,en,15,kupatha,kupatha,Kupatha,Kupatha,(kuṃ+patha) wrong path (cp.kummagga) Miln.390.(Page 221),7,1
  6200. 242563,en,15,kupita,kupita,Kupita,Kupita,(adj.) [pp.of kuppati]--1.shaken,disturbed Th.2,504 (by fire=ThA.292); J.III,344 (°indriya).‹-› 2.offended,angry D.III,238=M.I,101=A.IV,460= V.18; M.I.27; A.III,196 sq.; Pv.I,6<sup>7</sup>.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with anattamana “angry and displeased” Vin.II,189; D.I,3,90 (=DA.I,255 kuddha).-- As nt.kupitaṃ disturbance,in paccanta° a disturbance on the borderland J.III,497; Miln.314; PvA.20.(Page 221),6,1
  6201. 242596,en,15,kuppa,kuppa,Kuppa,Kuppa,(adj.) [ger.of kuppati] shaking,unsteady,movable; A.III,128 (°dhammo,unsteady,of a pāpabhikkhu); Sn.784; of a kamma:a proceeding that can be quashed Vin.II,71 (also a°).nt.kuppaṃ anger Vin.II,133 (karis‹-› sāmi I shall pretend to be angry).-- akuppa (adj.) and akuppaṃ (nt.) steadfast,not to be shaken,an Ep.of arahant and nibbāna (cp.asaṅkuppa); akuppa-dhammo Pug.11 (see akuppa).Akuppaṃ as freedom from anger at Vin.II,251.(Page 221),5,1
  6202. 242660,en,15,kuppati,kuppati,Kuppati,Kuppati,[Sk.kupyate,*qup to be agitated,to shake= Lat.cupio,cupidus,“to crave with agitation,” cp.semantically Lat.tremere›Fr.craindre] to shake,to quiver,to be agitated,to be disturbed,to be angry.‹-› aor.kuppi,pp.kupita,ger.kuppa,caus.kopeti A.III,101; Sn.826,854; Pug.11,12,30.Of the wind Miln.135; of childbirth udaravāto kuppi (or kupita) J.II,393,433; paccanto kuppi the border land was disturbed J.IV,446 (cp.kupita).(Page 221),7,1
  6203. 242684,en,15,kuppila,kuppila,Kuppila,Kuppila,[?] a kind of flower J.VI,218 (C:mantālakamakula).(Page 221),7,1
  6204. 242718,en,15,kura,kūra,Kūra,Kūra,(nt.) in <i>sukkha°</i> boiled rice (?) Vin.IV,86; DhA.II,171.(Page 225),4,1
  6205. 242732,en,15,kurandaka,kuraṇḍaka,Kuraṇḍaka,Kuraṇḍaka,[cp.Sk.kuraṇṭaka blossom of a species of Amaranth] a shrub and its flower Vism.183 (see also kuravaka &#38; koraṇḍaka).°leṇa Npl.Vism.38.(Page 222),9,1
  6206. 242764,en,15,kurara,kurara,Kurara,Kurara,an osprey J.IV,295,397 (=ukkusa); V,416; VI,539 (=seta°).(Page 222),6,1
  6207. 242789,en,15,kuravaka,kuravaka,Kuravaka,Kuravaka,[=Sk.kuraṇṭaka Halāyudha,cp.kuraṇḍaka] N.of a tree,in ratta° J.I,39 (=bimbijāla the red Amaranth tree).(Page 222),8,1
  6208. 242857,en,15,kurundi,kurundī,Kurundī,Kurundī,N.of one of the lost SS commentaries on the Vinaya,used by Buddhaghosa (cp.Vin.Texts I.258; II,14).(Page 222),7,1
  6209. 242882,en,15,kurunga,kuruṅga,Kuruṅga,Kuruṅga,[deriv.unknown.The corresponding Sk.forms are kulunga and kulaṅga] a kind of antelope,in <i>--miga</i> the antelope deer J.I,173 (k°-jatāka); II,153 (do.).(Page 222),7,1
  6210. 242902,en,15,kurura,kurūra,Kurūra,Kurūra,(adj.) [Sk.krūra,cp.Lat.cruor thick blood,Gr.krέas (raw) flesh,Sk.kravih; Ohg.hrō,E.raw] bloody,raw,cruel,in <i>°kammanta</i> following a cruel (bloody) occupation (as hunting,fishing,bird killing,etc.) A.III,383=Pug.56 (expld.Pug.A 233 by dāruṇa°,also at PvA.181).(Page 222),6,1
  6211. 242934,en,15,kururin,kurūrin,Kurūrin,Kurūrin,=kurūra Pv III,2<sup>3</sup>.(Page 222),7,1
  6212. 242947,en,15,kuruttharu,kuruṭṭharū,Kuruṭṭharū,Kuruṭṭharū,(v.l.kururū) a badly festering sore D.II,242.(Page 222),10,1
  6213. 242963,en,15,kuruvindaka,kuruvindaka,Kuruvindaka,Kuruvindaka,vermillion in cuṇṇa,a bath-powder made from k.J.III,282; and <i>°suttī</i> a string of beads covered with this powder Vin.II,106 (cp.Bdhgh Vin.II,315; Vin.Texts III,67).(Page 222),11,1
  6214. 242987,en,15,kusa,kusa,Kusa,Kusa,1.the kusa grass (Poa cynosuroides) DhA.III,484:tikhiṇadhāraṃ tiṇaṃ antamaso tālapaṇṇam pi; Dh.311; J.I,190 (=tiṇa); IV,140.-- 2.a blade of grass used as a mark or a lot:pātite kuse “when the lot has been cast” Vin.I,299; kusaṃ saṅkāmetvā “having passed the lot on” Vin.III,58.<br><br> --agga the point of a blade of grass PvA.254=DA.I,164; Sdhp.349; kusaggena bhuñjati or pivati to eat or drink only (as little as) with a blade of grass Dh.70; VvA.73 (cp.Udānavarga p.105); --kaṇṭhaka=prec.Pv III,2<sup>28</sup>; --cīra a garment of grass Vin.I,305=D.I,167 =A.I,240,295=II.206=Pug.55; --pāta the casting of a kusa lot Vin.I,285; --muṭṭhi a handful of grass A.V,234= 249.(Page 223),4,1
  6215. 243023,en,15,kusaka,kusaka,Kusaka,Kusaka,=prec.Vv 35<sup>5</sup> (=VvA.162).(Page 223),6,1
  6216. 243042,en,15,kusala,kusala,Kusala,Kusala,(adj.) [cp.Sk.kuśala] 1.(adj.) clever,skilful,expert; good,right,meritorious M.I,226; Dh.44; J.I,222.Esp.appl.in moral sense (=puñña),whereas akusala is practically equivalent to pāpa.ekam pi ce pāṇaṃ aduṭṭhacitto mettāyati kusalo tena hoti It.21; sappañño paṇḍito kusalo naro Sn.591,cp.523; Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup> (=nipuṇa).With kamma=a meritorious action,in kammaṃ katvā kusalaṃ D.III,157; Vv III,2<sup>7</sup>; Pv.I,10<sup>11</sup> see cpds.-- ācāra-k° good in conduct Dh.376; parappavāda° skilled in disputation Dpvs.IV,19; magga° (and opp.amagga°) one who is an expert as regards the Path (lit. &#38; fig.) S.III,108; samāpatti°,etc.A.V,156 sq.; sālittaka-payoge k° skilled in the art of throwing pot‹-› sherds PvA.282.-- In derivation k.is expl<sup>d</sup> by Dhpāla &#38; Bdhgh by <i>kucchita</i> and <i>salana</i>,viz.kucchita-salanādi atthena kusalaṃ VvA.169; kucchite pāpadhamme salayanti calayanti kappenti viddhaṃsenti ti kusalā DhsA.39; where four alternative derivations are given (cp.Mrs.Rh.D.,Dhs.trsl.p.lxxxii).-- 2.(nt.) a good thing,good deeds,virtue,merit,good consciousness (citta omitted; cp.DhsA.162,200,etc.):yassa pāpaṃ kataṃ kammaṃ kusalena pithīyati,so imaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti “he makes this world shine,who covers an evil deed with a good one” M.II,104=Dh.173=Th.1,872; sukhañ ca k.pucchi (fitness) Sn.981; Vv 30<sup>1</sup> (=ārogyaṃ); D.I,24; J.VI,367; Pv.I,1<sup>3</sup> (=puñña); PvA.75; Miln.25.-- In special sense as ten kusalāni equivalent to the dasasīlaṃ (cp.sīla) M.I,47; A.V,241,274.All good qualities (dhammā) which constitute right and meritorious conduct are comprised in the phrase --kusala-dhammā Sn.1039,1078,expld.in extenso Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.See also cpd.°dhamma.-- Kusalaṃ <i>karoti</i> to do what is good and righteous,i.e.kāyena,vācāya,manasā It.78; cp.Dh.53; sabba-pāpassa akaraṇaṃ kusalassa upasampadā sacittapariyodapanaṃ etaṃ Buddhānusāsanaṃ D.II,49=Dh.183; cp.Nett 43,81,171,186.Kusalaṃ <i>bhāveti</i> to pursue righteousness (together with akusalaṃ pajahati to give up wrong habits) A.I,58; IV,109 sq.; It.9.-- <i>akusala</i> adj.:improper,wrong,bad; nt.:demerit,evil deed D.I,37,163; bālo+akusalo Sn.879,887;=pāpa PvA.60,cp.pāpapasuto akatakusalo ib.6.kusalaṃ &#38; akusalaṃ are discussed in detail (with ref.to rūpâvacara° fivefold,to arūpâvacara° &#38; lokuttara° fourfold,to kāmâvacara° eight &#38; twelvefold) at Vism.452--454.-- <i>kusalâkusala</i> good and bad M.I,489; S.V,91; Miln.25; Nett 161,192; Dhs.1124 sq.-- <i>sukusala</i> (dhammānaṃ) highly skilled D.I,180 (cp.M.II.31).<br><br> <i>--anuesin</i> striving after righteousness Sn.965; cp.kiṅkusalānuesin D.II,151 and kiṅkusalagavesin M.I,163 sq.; <i>--abhisanda</i> overflow of merit (+puñña°) A.II,54 sq.; III,51; 337; <i>--kamma</i> meritorious action,right conduct A.I,104; 292 sq.; Ps.I,85; II,72 sq.; PvA.9,26; <i>--cittā</i> (pl.) good thoughts Vbh.169--173,184,285 sq.,294 sq.; <i>--cetanā</i> right volition Vbh.135; <i>--dhammā</i> (pl.) (all) points of righteousness,good qualities of character S.II,206; M.I,98; A.IV,11 sq.; V,90 sq.; 123 sq.; Pug.68,71; Vbh.105; Ps.I,101,132; II,15,230; VvA.74,127; <i>--pakkha</i> “the side of virtue,” all that belongs to good character M.III,77 (and a°) with adj.°pakkhika S.V,91; <i>--macchariya</i> Dhs.1122 is to be corrected to kula° instead of kusala° (meanness as regards family) cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> on veviccha; <i>--mūla</i> the basis or root of goodness or merit; there are three:alobha,adosa,amoha M.I,47,489=A.I,203=Nett 183; D.III,214; Dhs.32,313,981; Vbh.169 sq.,210; Nett 126.Cp.°paccaya Vbh.169; °ropanā Nett 50; <i>--vitakka</i> good reasoning,of which there are three:nekkhamma°,avyāpāda°,avihiṃsā° D.III,215; It.82; Nett 126; <i>--vipāka</i> being a fruit of good kamma Dhs.454; Vism.454 (twofold,viz.ahetuka &#38; sahetuka).<i>--vedanā</i> good,pure feeling Vbh.3 sq.; cp.°saññā and °saṅkhārā Vbh.6 sq.; Nett 126 (three °saññā,same as under °vitakkā); <i>--sīla</i> good,proper conduct of life M.II,25 sq.; adj.°sīlin D.I,115 (=DA.I,286).(Page 223),6,1
  6217. 243726,en,15,kusalata,kusalatā,Kusalatā,Kusalatā,[fem.abstr.fr.kusala] (only --°) skill,cleverness,accomplishment; good quality.-- lakkhaṇa° skill in interpreting special signs VvA.138; aparicita° neglect in acquiring good qualities PvA.67.For foll.cp.Mrs.Rh.D.Dhs.trsl.pp.345--348; āpatti° skill as to what is an offence; samāpatti° in the Attainments; dhātu° in the Elements; manasikāra° proficiency in attention; āyatana° skill in the spheres; paṭiccasamuppāda° skill in conditioned Genesis; ṭhāna° and aṭṭhāna° skill in affirming (negating) causal conjuncture:all at D.III,212 and Dhs.1329--1338; cp.A.I,84,94.(Page 224),8,1
  6218. 244011,en,15,kusi,kusi,Kusi,Kusi,(nt.) one of the four cross seams of the robe of a bhikkhu Vin.I,287; II,177; and aḍḍha° intermediate cross seam ibid.See Bdhgh’s note in Vin.Texts II.208.(Page 224),4,1
  6219. 244051,en,15,kusita,kusīta,Kusīta,Kusīta,(adj.) [Sk.kusīda; cp.kosajja] indolent,inert,inactive.Expl.by kāma-vitakkādīhi vitakkehi vītināmanakapuggalo DhA.II,260; by nibbiriyo DhA.III,410; by alaso PvA.175,Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>hīnaviriya</i>,devoid of zeal; It.27,116; Dh.7,112,280; Miln.300,396.Also equivalent to <i>alasa</i> Dh.112; comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>dussīla</i> Miln.300,396; with <i>duppañña</i> D.III,252=282; A.II,227,230; III,7,183,433.-- In other connections:M.I,43,471; A.III,7 sq.,127; V,95,146,153,329 sq.; S.II,29,159,206; It.71,102; J.IV,131 (nibbiriya+); Vism.132; DhA.I,69.The eight kusītavatthūni,occasions of indolence,are enumerated at A.IV,332; D.III,255; Vbh.385.-- <i>akusīta</i> alert,mindful,careful Sn.68 (+alīnacitto); Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Sdhp.391.(Page 224),6,1
  6220. 244083,en,15,kusitata,kusītatā,Kusītatā,Kusītatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.kusīta] in a° alertness,brightness,keenness VvA.138.(Page 224),8,1
  6221. 244101,en,15,kussubbha,kussubbha,Kussubbha,Kussubbha,and kussobbha (nt.) [Sk.kuśvabhra] a small pond,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with kunnadī and appl<sup>d</sup> in similes:S.II,32=A.I,243=V.114; S.II,118; V,47,63,395; A.II,140; IV,100; Sn.720; PvA.29; DA.I,58.(Page 224),9,1
  6222. 244128,en,15,kusuma,kusuma,Kusuma,Kusuma,(nt.) any flower J.III,394 (°dāma); V,37; PvA.157 (=puppha); VvA.42; Dpvs.I,4; Sdhp.246,595; Dāvs.V,51 (°agghika),fig.vimutti° the flower of emancipation Th.1,100; Miln.399.(Page 224),6,1
  6223. 244202,en,15,kusumbha,kusumbha,Kusumbha,Kusumbha,(nt.) the safflower,Carthamus tinctorius,used for dying red J.V,211 (°rattavattha); VI,264 (do); Khus IV.2.(Page 224),8,1
  6224. 244231,en,15,kusumita,kusumita,Kusumita,Kusumita,(adj.) in flower,blooming VvA.160,162.(Page 224),8,1
  6225. 244252,en,15,kuta,kuṭa,Kuṭa,Kuṭa,a pitcher Vv 50<sup>9</sup>; J.I,120; DhA.II,19,261; III,18.Kuṭa is to be read at J.I,145 for kūṭa (antokuṭe padīpo viya; cp.ghaṭa).Note.Kuṭa at DhsA.263 stands for kūṭa<sup>3</sup> sledge-hammer.(Page 219),4,1
  6226. 244266,en,15,kuta,kūṭa,Kūṭa,Kūṭa,<sup>4</sup> (adj.) [Sk.kūṭa,not horned; <i>*(s)qer</i> to cut,mutilate,curtail,cp.Lat.caro,curtus; also Sk kṛdhu maimed.The expl<sup>n</sup> of <em>kuṭ</em> as “chede,” or “chedane” (cutting) at Dhtp 90,555; Dhtm 115,526,781 may refer to this kūṭa.See also kuṭṭa] without horns,i.e.harmless,of <i>goṇa</i> a draught bullock Vin.IV,5=J.I,192 (in play of words with kūṭa deceitful J.trsl.misses the point &#38; translates “rascal”).These maimed oxen (cows &#38; calves) are represented as practically useless &#38; sluggish in similes at Vism.268,269:kūṭa-goṇa- (so read for °poṇa)--yutta-ratha a cart to which such a bullock is harnessed (uppathaṃ dhāvati runs the wrong way); kūṭa-dhenuyā khīraṃ pivitvā kūṭa-vaccho,etc.,such a calf lies still at the post.-- Kūṭa-danta as Np.should prob.belong here,thus meaning “ox-tooth” (derisively) (D.I,127; Vism.208),with which may be compared danta-kūṭa (see under danta).(Page 225),4,1
  6227. 244267,en,15,kuta,kūṭa,Kūṭa,Kūṭa,<sup>3</sup> (nt.) [<i>*qolā</i> to beat; cp.Lat.clava; Gr.klάw,koλos,and also Sk.khaḍga; Lat.clades,procello; Gr.kladarόs.The expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>kuṭ<sup>3</sup></i> at Dhtp 557 &#38; Dhtm 783 is “āko ṭane”] a hammer,usually as <i>aya°</i> an iron sledge hammer J.I,108; or <i>ayo°</i> PvA.284; <i>ayomaya°</i> Sn.669; <i>kammāra°</i> Vism.254.(Page 225),4,1
  6228. 244268,en,15,kuta,kūṭa,Kūṭa,Kūṭa,<sup>2</sup> (m.nt.) [Vedic kūṭa horn,bone of the forehead,prominence,point,<i>*qele</i> to jut forth,be prominent; cp.Lat.celsus,collis,columen; Gr.kolwnόs kolofw/n; Ags.holm,E.hill] -- (a) prominence,top (cp.koṭi),in abbha° ridge of the cloud Vv I.<sup>1</sup> (=sikhara); aṃsa° shoulder,clavicle,VvA.121,123 pabbata° mountain peak Vin.II,193; J.I,73.Cp.koṭa.-- (b) the top of a house,roof,pinnacle A.I,261; Vv 78<sup>4</sup> (=kaṇṇikā VvA.304); gaha° Dh.154; PvA.55.Cp.also kūṭāgāra.-- (c) a heap,an accumulation,in saṅkāra° dust-heap M.II,7; PvA.144.-- (d) the topmost point,in phrase desanāya kūṭaṃ gahetvā or desanā kūtaṃ gaṇhanto “leading up to the climax of the instruction” J.I,275,393,401; V,151; VI,478; VvA.243.Cp.arahattena kūṭaṃ gaṇhanto J.I,114; arahattaphalena k.gaṇhiṃ ThA.99.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> the shoulder Vv 15<sup>8</sup> (=VvA.123).<i>--âgāra</i> (nt.) a building with a peaked roof or pinnacles,possibly gabled; or with an upper storey Vin.I,268; S.II,103= V.218; III,156; IV,186; V,43,75,228; A.I,101,261; III,10,364; IV,231; V,21; Pv III,1<sup>7</sup>; 2<sup>21</sup>; Vv 8<sup>2</sup> (=ratanamayakaṇṇikāya bandhaketuvanto VvA.50); VvA.6 (upari°,with upper storey) v.l.kuṭṭhāgāra; PvA.282 (°dhaja with a flag on the summit); DhA.IV,186.In cpds.:--° matta as big as an upper chamber J.I,273; Miln.67; --°sālā a pavilion (see description of Maṇḍalamāḷa at DA.I,43) Vin.III,15,68,87; IV,75; D.I,150; S.II,103=V.218; IV,186.<i>--(n)gama</i> going towards the point (of the roof),converging to the summit S.II,263= III,156=V.43; <i>--ṭṭha</i> standing erect,straight,immovable,in phrase vañjha k° esikaṭṭhāyin D.I,14=56= S.III,211=M.I,517 (expl.DA.I,105 by pabbatakūṭaṃ viya ṭhita); <i>--poṇa</i> at Vism.268 is to be read <i>°goṇa:</i> see kūṭa<sup>4</sup>.(Page 225),4,1
  6229. 244269,en,15,kuta,kūṭa,Kūṭa,Kūṭa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Dhtp 472 &#38; Dhtm 526 expl.<em>kuṭ</em> of kūṭa<sup>1</sup> by koṭille (koṭilye),cp.Sk.kūṭa trap,cp.Gr.paleu/w to trap birds] a trap,a snare; fig.falsehood,deceit.As trap J.I,143 (kūṭapāsādi); IV,416 (expl<sup>n</sup> paṭicchannapāsa).As deceit,cheating in formula tulā° kaṃsa° māna° “cheating with weight,coin and measure” (DA.I,78=vañcana) D.I,5=III,176=S.V,473=M.I,180 =A.II,209; V,205=Pug.58.māna° PvA.278.-- As adj.false,deceitful,cheating,see cpds.-- Note.kūṭe J.I,145 ought to be read kuṭe (antokuṭe padīpo viya,cp.ghaṭa).<br><br> <i>--aṭṭa</i> a false suit,in °kāra a false suitor J.II,2; DhA.I,353; <i>--jaṭila</i> a fraudulent ascetic J.I,375; DhA.I,40; <i>--māna</i> false measure PvA.191; <i>--vāṇija</i> a false-trader Pv III,4<sup>2</sup>; PvA.191; <i>--vinicchayikatā</i> a lie (false discrimination) PvA.210.<i>--vedin</i> lier,calumniator J.IV,177.(Page 225),4,1
  6230. 244416,en,15,kutaja,kuṭaja,Kuṭaja,Kuṭaja,a kind of root (Wrightia antidysenterica or Nericum antidysentericum),used as a medicine Vin.I,201 (cp.Vin.Texts II.45).(Page 219),6,1
  6231. 244446,en,15,kutaka,kuṭaka,Kuṭaka,Kuṭaka,a cheat Pgdp 12; read kūtaka.So also in gāma kuṭaka S.II,258.(Page 219),6,1
  6232. 244560,en,15,kutati,kuṭati,Kuṭati,Kuṭati,see paṭi° and cp.kūṭa<sup>1</sup>,koṭṭeti &#38; in diff.sense kuṭṭa<sup>1</sup>.(Page 219),6,1
  6233. 244598,en,15,kutava,kuṭava,Kuṭava,Kuṭava,(v.l.S.kū°; B.kulāvaka) a nest J.III,74; v.l.at DhA.II,23 (for kuṭikā).(Page 219),6,1
  6234. 244641,en,15,kuteyya,kūṭeyya,Kūṭeyya,Kūṭeyya,(nt.) [der.fr.*kūṭya of kūṭa<sup>1</sup>,cp.in formation sāṭheyya] fraud,deceit,in comb<sup>n</sup> with sāṭheyya &#38; vaṅkeyya M.I,340; A.V,167.(Page 225),7,1
  6235. 244647,en,15,kutha,kutha,Kutha,Kutha,see under <i>ku°</i>.(Page 221),5,1
  6236. 244652,en,15,kuthana,kuthana,Kuthana,Kuthana,(nt.) [fr.<em>kvath</em>=kuth] digestion Vism.345.(Page 221),7,1
  6237. 244663,en,15,kuthari,kuṭhārī,Kuṭhārī,Kuṭhārī,(f.) [cp.Sk.kuṭhāra,axe=Lat.culter,knife from *(s)qer,to cut,in Lat.caro,etc].An axe,a hatchet Vin.III,144; S.IV,160,167; M.I,233=S.III,141; A.I.141; II,201; IV,171; J.I,431; DhA.III,59; PvA.277.Purisassa hi jātassa kuṭhārī jāyate mukhe “when man is born,together with him is born an axe in his mouth (to cut evil speech)” S.I,149=Sn.657=A.V,174.(Page 219),7,1
  6238. 244680,en,15,kuthati,kuthati,Kuthati,Kuthati,[Sk.kvathati cp.kaṭhati,kaṭhita,kuṭṭhita,ukkaṭṭhita &#38; upakūḷita<sup>2</sup>] to cook,to boil:kuthanto (ppr) boiling (putrid,foul? So Kern,Toev,s.v.) J.VI,105 (of Vetaraṇī,cp.kuṭṭhita).-pp.<i>kuthita</i>.(Page 221),7,1
  6239. 244691,en,15,kuthita,kuthita,Kuthita,Kuthita,[pp.of kuthati] 1.boiled,cooked Th.2,504; KhA 62; Vism.259=KhA 58.Cp.vikkuthita.‹-› 2.digested Vism.345.-- 3.fig.tormented,distressed (perhaps:rotten,foul,cp.kilijjati=pūti hoti) Miln.250 (+kiliṭṭha).-- Cp.Vin.Texts II.57 on Bdhgh’s note to MV VI,14,5.(Page 221),7,1
  6240. 244728,en,15,kuti,kuṭī,Kuṭī,Kuṭī,(kuṭi°) (f.) any single-roomed abode,a hut,cabin,cot,shed Vin.III,144 (on vehāsa-kuṭī see vehāsa &#38; Vin.IV,46); Sn.18,19; Pv.II,2<sup>8</sup>; VvA.188,256 (cīvara°,a cloak as tent).See also kappiya°,gandha°,paṇṇa°,vacca°.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> the making of a hut,in °sikkhāpada,a rule regarding the method of building a hut J.II,282; III,78.351; <i>--dūsaka</i> (a) destroying a hut or nest DhA.II,23; --purisa a “hut man,” a peasant Miln.147.(Page 219),4,1
  6241. 244775,en,15,kutika,kuṭikā,Kuṭikā,Kuṭikā,(f.) from kuṭī [B.Sk.kuṭikā Av.Ś.II.156] a little hut,usually made of sticks,grass and clay,poetical of an abode of a bhikkhu Vin.III,35,41,42=VvA.10; PvA.42,81; DhA.II,23.Cp.also tiṇa°,dāru°; arañña° a hut in the woods S.I,61; III,116; IV,380.Often fig.for body (see kāya).Th.1,1.-- As adj.--°,e.g.aṭṭhakuṭiko gāmo a village of 8 huts Dh.I,313.(Page 219),6,1
  6242. 244812,en,15,kutila,kuṭila,Kuṭila,Kuṭila,(adj.) bent,crooked (cp.<em>kuj</em> and <em>kuc</em>,Morris J.P.T.S.1893,15) J.III,112 (=jimha); Miln.297 (°saṅkuṭila),418 (of an arrow); nt.a bend,a crook Miln.351.<i>--a°</i> straight Vv 16<sup>7</sup> (-magga).<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> crookedness of character Vism.466; PvA.51; VvA.84.<i>--a°</i> uprightness Bdhd 20.(Page 219),6,1
  6243. 244846,en,15,kutilata,kuṭilatā,Kuṭilatā,Kuṭilatā,(f.) [fr.kuṭila] crookedness,falseness,in a°,uprightness of character Dhs.50,51; DhA.I,173.(Page 219),8,1
  6244. 244862,en,15,kutimbika,kuṭimbika,Kuṭimbika,Kuṭimbika,(also kuṭumbika) a man of property,a landlord,the head of a family,J.I,68,126,169,225; II,423; PvA.31,38,73,82.Kutumbiya-putta Np.Vism.48.(Page 219),9,1
  6245. 244922,en,15,kuto,kuto,Kuto,Kuto,see under <i>ku°</i>.(Page 220),4,1
  6246. 244976,en,15,kutta,kuṭṭa,Kuṭṭa,Kuṭṭa,<sup>2</sup> [of doubtful origin &#38; form,cp.var.BSk.forms koṭṭa-rājā,koṭa° &#38; koḍḍa°,e.g.MVastu I.231] only found in cpds.°dārūni sticks in a wattle &#38; daub wall Vism.354,and in kuṭṭa-rājā subordinate prince,possibly kuḍḍa° a wattle and daub prince S.III,156 (v.l.kuḍḍa°); =V.44 (v.l.kujja°); cp.kuḍḍa° J.V,102 sq.,where expl.pāpa-rājā,with vv.ll.kuṭa and kūṭa.See also khujja and khuddaka-rājā.(Page 219),5,1
  6247. 244977,en,15,kutta,kuṭṭa,Kuṭṭa,Kuṭṭa,<sup>1</sup> [cp.koṭṭeti,<em>kuṭ</em> to crush,which is expl<sup>d</sup> by Dhtp (90,555) &#38; Dhtm (115,781) together with <i>koṭṭ</i> by chedana; it is there taken together with <em>kuṭ</em> of kūṭa<sup>1</sup>,which is expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>koṭilla</i>] powder.Sāsapa° mustard powder Vin.I,205; II,151 (at the latter passage to be read for °kuḍḍa,cp.Vin Texts III,171),205.(Page 219),5,1
  6248. 244986,en,15,kutta,kutta,Kutta,Kutta,(nt.) [Der.fr.kattā=Sk.kṛtṛ as kṛttra=P.kutta,cp.Sk.kṛtrima artificial=P.kuttima,in caus.-- pass.sense=kappita of <i>kḷp</i>)] “being made up.” 1.Work.The beginning of things was the work of Brahmā.The use of kutta implies that the work was so easy as to be nearer play than work,and to have been carried out in a mood of graceful sport.D.III,28.-- 2.behaviour,i.e.charming behaviour,coquetry J.II,329,comb<sup>d</sup> with līḷā (graceful carriage) J.I,296,433; and with vilāsa (charming behaviour) J.II,127; IV,219,472; itthi° and purisa° A.IV,57=Dhs.633 (expl.at DhsA.321 by kiriyā).-- As adj.in kuttavāla,well arranged,plaited tails D.I,105 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,274 as kappita-vāla; cp.kappita).(Page 220),5,1
  6249. 245000,en,15,kuttaka,kuttaka,Kuttaka,Kuttaka,[der.fr.kutta,that which is made up or “woven,” with orig.meaning of karoti to weave?] 1.nt.a woollen carpet (DA.I,87=as used for dancing-women),together with <i>kaṭṭhissa</i> and <i>koseyya</i> in list of forbidden articles of bedding D.I,7=A.I,181=Vin.I,192=II.163.-- 2.adj.“made up,” pretending,in samaṇa-k° a sham ascetic Vin.III,68--71.(Page 220),7,1
  6250. 245009,en,15,kuttama,kuttama,Kuttama,Kuttama,in kāsi-kuttama J.VI,49 should be read as kāsik’uttama.(Page 220),7,1
  6251. 245037,en,15,kuttha,kuṭṭha,Kuṭṭha,Kuṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> a kind of fragrant <i>plant</i> (Costus speciosus) or spice J.VI,537.(Page 219),6,1
  6252. 245038,en,15,kuttha,kuṭṭha,Kuṭṭha,Kuṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) (cp.<em>kus</em>; Sk.kuṣṭhā f.) leprosy J.V,69,72,89; VI,196,383; Vism.35 (+gaṇḍa); DA.I,260,261,272.The disease described at DhA 161 sq.is probably leprosy.Cp.kilāsa.On var.kinds of leprosy see J.V,69,IV.196.(Page 219),6,1
  6253. 245062,en,15,kutthaka,kutthaka,Kutthaka,Kutthaka,S.I,66 should be replaced by v.l.koṭṭhuka.(Page 221),8,1
  6254. 245097,en,15,kutthilika,kuṭṭhilikā,Kuṭṭhilikā,Kuṭṭhilikā,the pericarp or envelope of a seed (phala°) VvA.344 (=sipāṭikā).(Page 219),10,1
  6255. 245098,en,15,kutthin,kuṭṭhin,Kuṭṭhin,Kuṭṭhin,a leper M.I,506 (in simile); Th.1,1054; J.V,413; VI,196; Ud.49; DhA.III,255.(Page 219),7,1
  6256. 245103,en,15,kutthita,kuṭṭhita,Kuṭṭhita,Kuṭṭhita,hot,sweltering (of uṇha) S.IV,289 (v.l.kikita); molten (of tamba,cp.uttatta) Pgdp 33.See also kathati kuthati,ukkaṭṭhita &#38; pakkuṭṭhita.(Page 219),8,1
  6257. 245109,en,15,kutti,kutti,Kutti,Kutti,(f.) [cp.kutta] arrangement,fitting,trapping,harnessing Vin.II,108 (sara°:accuracy in sound,harmony); J.III,314 (massu° beard-dressing,expl<sup>d</sup> by massu-kiriyā.Here corresponding to Sk *kḷpti!); IV,352 (hattha°,elephant trappings,cp.kappanā); V,215 (=karaṇa,cp.Sk.kalpa).(Page 220),5,1
  6258. 245131,en,15,kutuhala,kutūhala,Kutūhala,Kutūhala,(m.nt.) tumult,excitement; Dāvs.V,22; DhA.III,194 (v.l.kot°).<i>a°</i> (adj.) unperturbed,not shamming J.I,387 (expl.by avikiṇṇa-vaco of straight speech).See also kotūhala.<br><br> <i>--maṅgala</i> a festivity,ceremony,Nd<sup>2</sup> in expl.of anekarūpena Sn.1079,1082; <i>--sālā</i> a hall for recreation,a common room D.I,179=S.IV,398=M.II,2,cp.Divy 143.(Page 220),8,1
  6259. 245157,en,15,kutuka,kutuka,Kutuka,Kutuka,(adj.) eager,in sakutuka eagerness Dāvs.IV,41.(Page 220),6,1
  6260. 245159,en,15,kutukuncaka,kuṭukuñcaka,Kuṭukuñcaka,Kuṭukuñcaka,see kaṭukañcuka.(Page 219),11,1
  6261. 245175,en,15,kutumba,kuṭumba,Kuṭumba,Kuṭumba,(nt.) family property &#38; estates J.I,122,225; rāja° (and °kuṭumbaka) the king’s property J.I,369,439.--kuṭumbaṃ saṇṭhapeti to set up an establishment J.I,225; II,423; III,376.(Page 219),7,1
  6262. 245183,en,15,kutumbaka,kutumbaka,Kutumbaka,Kutumbaka,(-puppha) N.of a flower J.I,60.(Page 220),9,1
  6263. 245207,en,15,kutumbika,kuṭumbika,Kuṭumbika,Kuṭumbika,see kuṭimbika.(Page 219),9,1
  6264. 245257,en,15,kuva,kuva,Kuva,Kuva,(ṃ) see ku-.(Page 223),4,1
  6265. 245272,en,15,kuvalaya,kuvalaya,Kuvalaya,Kuvalaya,the (blue) water-lily,lotus,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with kamala,q.v.Vv 35<sup>4</sup>; DA.I,50; VvA.161,181; PvA.23,77.(Page 223),8,1
  6266. 245321,en,15,kuvilara,kuvilāra,Kuvilāra,Kuvilāra,=koviḷāra J.V,69 (v.l.B.ko°).(Page 223),8,1
  6267. 245331,en,15,kuyyaka,kuyyaka,Kuyyaka,Kuyyaka,a kind of flower J.I,60 (°puppha).(Page 222),7,1
  6268. 245356,en,15,kvan,kvaṇ,Kvaṇ,Kvaṇ,(indecl.) is together with <em>kuṇ</em> registered as a part.of sound (“sadde”) at Dhtp 118 &#38; Dhtm 173.(Page 230),4,1
  6269. 245381,en,15,la,la,La,La,syllable of abbreviation,corresponding to our “etc.”:see <i>peyyāla</i>.(Page 578),2,1
  6270. 245414,en,15,labbha,labbhā,Labbhā,Labbhā,(indecl.) [best to be taken,with Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 465,as an old Opt.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.,like <i>sakkā</i> which corresponds to Vedic śakyāt.Thus labbhā=*labhyāt,as in Māgadhī] allowable,possible (with inf.); usually neg.(thus=Prohibitive!) Sn.393 na l.phassetuṃ; SnA p.376 expl<sup>s</sup> by “sakkā”),590; Pv.II,6<sup>10</sup>; J.I,64 (na l.tayā pabbajituṃ),145 (id.),PvA.96 (=laddhuṃ sakkā).(Page 581),6,1
  6271. 245470,en,15,labbhamanatta,labbhamanatta,Labbhamanatta,Labbhamanatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.ppr.med.of labhati] the fact of being taken PvA.56.(Page 581),13,1
  6272. 245536,en,15,labha,labha,Labha,Labha,(-°) (adj.) [a base-formation fr.<em>labh</em>] receiving,to be received,to get; only in <i>dul°</i> hard to get Sn.75; S.I,101; J.I,307; Pug.26; Miln.16; Sdhp.17,27; and su° easy to obtain Pv.II,3<sup>19</sup>.(Page 581),5,1
  6273. 245547,en,15,labha,lābha,Lābha,Lābha,[fr.<em>labh</em>] receiving,getting,acquisition,gain,possession; pl.possessions D.I,8; II,58,61; M.I,508 (ārogya-paramā lābhā); III,39; A.I,74; IV,157 sq.,160 (lābhena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto Devadatto,cp.J.I,185 sq.); Sn.31,438,828,854,1014,1046 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 548); It.67 (vitta°); J.III,516 (yasa°,dhana°); Vism.93,136 (°ṃ labhati),150 (°assa bhāgin getting riches); PvA.113,280.-- A Dat.sg.<i>lābhā</i> (for lābhāya) is used adverbially with foll.genitive in meaning of “for my (our) gain,” “it is profitable,” “good for me that” etc.; e.g.Miln.17 (lābhā no tāta,suladdhaṃ no tāta),232 (lābhā vata tāsaṃ devatānaṃ); A.III,313 (lābhā vata me suladdhaṃ vata me),expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.223; DhA.I,98 (lābhā vata me,elliptically); II,95 (l.vata no ye mayaṃ ...upaṭṭhahimha).<br><br> <i>--agga</i> highest gain J.III,125; Miln.21.<i>--āsā</i> desire for gain A.I,86.<i>--kamyā</i> (Abl.out of desire for gain Sn.854,929 (=lābha-hetu Nd<sup>1</sup> 389).<i>--taṇhā</i> craving for possession DhA.IV,38.<i>--macchariya</i> selfishness in acquisitions A.III,273; D.III,234; Pug.19,23; Dhs.1122.<i>--mada</i> pride of gain VbhA.466.<i>--sakkāra</i> gain and honour,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>°siloka</i> fame; the two first e.g.at Vin.II,196; It.73; J.I,185,186; V,75; the three comb<sup>d</sup> e.g.at M.I,192; S.II,227,237; A.II,73; III,343 sq.,377; Vbh.352 sq.; <i>lābha-</i>siloka alone at Vism.67.(Page 583),5,1
  6274. 245558,en,15,labha,lābhā,Lābhā,Lābhā,see under <i>lābha</i>.(Page 583),5,1
  6275. 245614,en,15,labhaka,lābhaka,Lābhaka,Lābhaka,(adj.nt.) [fr.lābha] one who receives; reception; <i>a°</i> not getting,non-receiving Vin.III,77.(Page 583),7,1
  6276. 245668,en,15,labhana,labhana,Labhana,Labhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>labh</em>] taking,receiving,gift,acquisition DhA.III,271 (°bhāva); PvA.73 (°ṭṭhāna),121 (id.).(Page 581),7,1
  6277. 245818,en,15,labhati,labhati,Labhati,Labhati,[later Vedic <em>labh</em> for older <em>rabh</em>,cp.rabhate,rabha,rabhasa.Related are Gr.lambάnw to get,lάfuron booty; Lat.rabies=E.rabies; Lith.lõbis wealth.-- The Dhtp (204) simply defines as “lābhe.” On the Prk.forms see Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 484.-- See also rabhasa] 1.(the very freq. &#38; ordinary meaning) to get,to receive,obtain,acquire.-- 2.(fig.) to obtain permission,to receive an opportunity,etc.,as “pabbajituṃ sace lacchāmi” if I am allowed to receive the pabbajjā Mhvs 18,5; or “labhamāno niccam pi khāditu-kāmo ‘mhi” if I get the chance I should always like to eat J.I,478; and passim (cp.Pass.<i>labbhati</i> below).The paradigma of <i>labhati</i> shows a great variety of forms owing to its frequent occurrence (cp.E.“get”).We have selected the most interesting ones.Pres.Ind.<i>labhati</i> rare (late,e.g.Vism.136); usually med <i>labhate</i> Th.1,35; Sn.185,439; 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>labhe</i> Pv.I,6<sup>4</sup>; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>labhase</i> J.II,220; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>labhare</i> S.I,110.-- ppr.med.<i>labhamāna</i> S.I,122 (otāraṃ a°,cp.IV.178; M.I,334); also in Pass.sense “getting taken” PvA.71.-- Opt.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>labhe</i> Sn.458, &#38; (med.) <i>labhetha</i> Sn.45,46,217; Pv.II,9<sup>7</sup>; also (usual form) <i>labheyya</i> PvA.115.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.med.<i>labhetho</i> (=Sk.°thāh) Sn.833.-- Imper.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>labha</i> It.77; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>labhatu</i> PvA.112; med.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>labhassu</i> Th.2,432; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>labhataṃ</i> D.II,150; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.(as Hortative) <i>labhāmase</i> Pv.I,5<sup>5</sup> (=labhāma PvA.27); &#38; labhāmhase Pv III,2<sup>24</sup>.-- Fut.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>lacchasi</i> (Sk.lapsyati) S.I,114; Pv.II,4<sup>6</sup>; III,3<sup>7</sup>; J.II,60 (Māro otāraṃ l.),258; Miln.126; DhA.I,29; SnA 405; ThA.69 (Ap.); 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>lacchāmi</i> M.II,71; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>lacchasi</i> Vv 83<sup>5</sup>; Pv IV.1<sup>60</sup>; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>lacchāma</i> J.I,54; IV,292; &#38; <i>lacchāmase</i> (med.) Vv 32<sup>9</sup>.Also (the Com.form) <i>labhissati</i> PvA.190; VvA.136.-- Cond.1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>alabhissāma</i> J.III,35; med.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>alabhissatha</i> D.II,63.-- Pret.( &#38; aor.) (a) 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>alattha</i> D.I,176 (alattha pabbajjaṃ); M.II,49; S.IV,302; J.IV,310; VvA.66,69; 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>alatthaṃ</i> D.II,268; Vv 81<sup>22</sup>; Th.1,747; DhA.III,313; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>alattha</i> S.I,114; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>alatthamha</i> M.II,63; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>alatthuṃ</i> D.II,274, &#38; <i>alatthaṃsu</i> S.I,48.-- (b) (Prohib.) <i>mā laddhā</i> (3<sup>rd</sup> sg.med.) shall not receive (Sk.alabdha) J.III,138.‹-› (c) <i>labhi</i> Sn.994; 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>labhiṃ</i> Th.1,218; 2,78; J.II,154; VvA.68; &#38; <i>alabhitthaṃ</i> Th.1,217; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>alabhittha</i> Pv.I,7<sup>7</sup> (spelt bbh); 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>labhimhā</i> (for labhimha) D.II,147.-- Inf.<i>laddhuṃ</i> J.II,352; DhA.III,117; PvA.96.-- Ger.<i>laddhā</i> (poet.) Sn.306,388,766,924; <i>laddhāna</i> (poet.) Sn.67 (=laddhā,labhitvā Nd<sup>2</sup> 546); It.65; and (ord.) <i>labhitva</i> J.I,150; III,332; PvA.95.‹-› Grd.(a):<i>labbhiya</i> (only neg.alabbhiya what cannot be got) J.IV,86; Pv.II,6<sup>9</sup>; <i>labbhaneyya</i> (a°) (in Com.style as expl<sup>n</sup> of labbhanīya) J.IV,86 (°ṭhāna); PvA.65 (°vatthu),96 (id.); and <i>labbhanīya</i> (as a°-ṭṭhānāni impossible things) A.III,54 sq.(five such items),60 sq.(id.); J.IV,59.-- (b):<i>laddhabba</i> J.III,332; PvA.112,252.-- (c):<i>laddheyya</i> Pv IV.3<sup>25</sup>.-- Caus.<i>labbheti</i> (for *lābheti,a diff.form<sup>n</sup> fr.Sk.lambhayati,which is found in P.pa-lambheti) to make someone get,to procure,in 1<sup>st</sup> sg.aor.<i>alabbhesi</i> Vin.IV,5=J.I,193; DhA.III,213 (v.l.labh°); and in pres.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>labbheti</i> J.III,353 (=adhigameti C.).-- Pass.<i>labbhati</i> (fig.) to be permitted,to be possible or proper; (or simply:) it is to be Mhvs 30,43; KhA 192 (vattuṃ),207 (id.).-- pp.<i>laddha</i>.-- Cp.<i>upa°</i>,<i> pati°</i>,<i> vi°</i>.(Page 581),7,1
  6278. 245907,en,15,labhin,lābhin,Lābhin,Lābhin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.labha] receiving,getting,having,possessed of M.III,39 (as n.“a receiver,recipient”); A.I,24; II,85; IV,400; Pug.51; Vbh.332 (nikāma°); J.I,140.-- 2.one who has intuition either in reasoning (or logical argument) or psychically,and who may therefore take certain premises for granted (opp.alābhin a denier) DA.I,106,120.(Page 583),6,1
  6279. 245989,en,15,labu,lābu,Lābu,Lābu,(f.) &#38; Lābuka=lāpu (alābu) gourd or pumpkin,often used as receptacle J.I,158 (°ka),411 (°kumbhaṇḍa vesseḷ made of the gourd); V,37 (°ka),155 (addha-lābu-samā thanā); DhA.II,59 (°ka); SnA 227 (lābumhi catumadhuraṃ pūretukāmo).<br><br> <i>--kaṭāha</i> a gourd as receptacle Vism.255,359; VbhA.63.(Page 583),4,1
  6280. 246004,en,15,labuja,labuja,Labuja,Labuja,[cp.Sk.labuja] the bread-fruit tree,Artocarpus lacucha or incisa D.I,53; J.IV,363; V,6,417; PvA.153 (sa°,read as salaḷa°,like Vv 35<sup>5</sup>,expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.162).(Page 581),6,1
  6281. 246085,en,15,lacchati,lacchati,Lacchati,Lacchati,fut.of <i>labhati</i> (q.v.).(Page 580),8,1
  6282. 246116,en,15,laddha,laddha,Laddha,Laddha,[pp.of labhati] (having) obtained,taken,received Sn.106,239; J.V,171; Mhvs 5,133 (kiñci laddhaṃ); 10,37 (kaññā laddhā); PvA.5.--laddhatvaṃ at J.IV,406.is to be corrected to uddhatvā.-- Cp.upa°,pa°. <i>--adhippāya</i> one who obtains his wishes Nd<sup>2</sup> 542.<i>--assāsa</i> getting one’s breath again,coming to (out of a swoon) J.IV,126.<i>--upasampada</i> one who has obtained ordination PvA.54.<i>--jaya</i> victorious Mhvs 25,98.<i>--jīvika</i> revived PvA.40.<i>--nāma</i> so-called ThA.292 (puthulomo laddhanāmo maccho); PvA.33 (yamaloka l-n.petaloka),52 (niraya l-n.naraka),57 (kuñjara l-n.hatthi),107 (sūcikā jighacchā),119 (Purindada= Sakka),143 (Himavanto=pabbata-rājā),etc.(Page 580),6,1
  6283. 246127,en,15,laddha,laddhā,Laddhā,Laddhā,is ger.and 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.aor.; <i>laddhāna</i> ger.of labhati (q.v.).(Page 581),6,1
  6284. 246729,en,15,laddhi,laddhi,Laddhi,Laddhi,(f.) [fr.<em>labh</em>] religious belief,view,theory,esp.heretical view; a later term for the earlier <i>diṭṭhi</i> (cp.Kvu trsl.introd.p.47) J.I,142 (Devadattassa),425; III,487; V,411; Dāvs II.86 (dulladdhi wrong view); DA.I,117; PvA.254; Sdhp.65.Cp.<i>upa°</i>.(Page 581),6,1
  6285. 246752,en,15,laddhika,laddhika,Laddhika,Laddhika,(-°) [fr.laddhi] having a (wrong) view or belief,schismatic J.I,373 (evaṃ°); Dpvs VII.35 (puthu°).(Page 581),8,1
  6286. 246854,en,15,lagana,lagana,Lagana,Lagana, &#38; Laggana (nt.) [fr.<em>lag</em>] 1.adhering J.I,46 (g.; V,281); with gg:J.III,202 (=saṅga); Nd<sup>2</sup> p.188 (s.v.nissita,in sequence l.,bandhana,palibodha); Miln.105; DhA.III,433.-- 2.slinging round,making fast VvA.212.(Page 579),6,1
  6287. 246861,en,15,lagati,lagati,Lagati,Lagati, &#38; Laggati [with variant laṅgati; the spelling with gg is the usual one.Root <em>lag</em>,as in Vedic lakṣa etc.; Sk.lagati,pp.lagna (from the pp.lagga the double g has been generalized in P.:but see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 136); perhaps to Lat.langueo,E.languid,from meaning “to lag,” but doubtful:see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.langueo.‹-› The Dhtp 23 gives <em>lag</em> in meaning “saṅga,” which is the customary syn.in the commentaries.Cp.laṅgī] to adhere to,stick (fast) to (Loc.),to hang from Vin.I,202; J.III,120; DhA.I,131; III,298 (ppr.alaggamāna); DA.I,257 (for abhisajjati); aor.<i>laggi</i> PvA.153 (tīre); ger.<i>laggitva</i> J.III,19; DhA.IV,25; PvA.280 (but better to be read laggetvā making fast; as v.l.).-- pp.<i>lagga </i>&<i> laggita</i>.-- Caus.<i>laggeti</i> to make stick to,to fasten,tie,hang up Vin.I,209; II,117,152; J.III,107; V,164,175; Mhvs 7,9 (suttañ ca tesaṃ hatthesu laggetvā); DhA.I,138.‹-› Caus.II.<i>laggāpeti</i> to cause to fasten or stick,to make stick,to obstruct J.III,241; Mhvs 33,11; 34,48 (kalāpaṃ); DhA.IV,183.-- Cp.<i>ālaggeti</i>.(Page 579),6,1
  6288. 246881,en,15,lagga,lagga,Lagga,Lagga,(adj.) [pp.of lag(g)ati] sticking; stuck,attached; obstructed,hindered Nd<sup>2</sup> 107; Miln.346 (laggaṃ disvā mahiṃ); DhsA.127 (alagga-bhāva); DhA.I,361 (°mānasa).Neg.<i>alagga</i> unobstructed (lit.not sticking or being stuck to),in phrase ākāso alaggo asatto apatiṭṭhito apalibuddho Miln.388 and elsewhere.-- Cp.<i>olagga</i>.(Page 579),5,1
  6289. 246956,en,15,laggapana,laggāpana,Laggāpana,Laggāpana,(nt.) [fr.laggāpeti:see lagati] making stick,causing obstruction J.III,241.(Page 579),9,1
  6290. 247046,en,15,laggita,laggita,Laggita,Laggita,[pp.of lag(g)ati] stuck,adhering; obstructed J.IV,11.Often in exegetical style in sequence <i>lagga</i>,<i> laggita</i>,<i> palibuddha</i>,e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> p.188 (s.v.nissita),cp.No.107.(Page 579),7,1
  6291. 247088,en,15,laghima,laghima,Laghima,Laghima,(laṅghima) in phrase <i>aṇima-laghim’ādikaṃ</i> is doubtful in reading &#38; meaning at KhA 108=Vism.211 (spelt laṅgh° here).(Page 579),7,1
  6292. 247110,en,15,lagula,laguḷa,Laguḷa,Laguḷa,[cp.Sk.laguḍa,Marāthī lākūḍa,Hindī lakuṭa stick.The word is really a dialect word (Prk.) and as such taken into Sk.where it ought to be *lakṛta=lakuṭa.Other etym.connections are Lat.lacertus (arm),Gr.lέkrana,lάc; Old Prussian alkunis elbow; and distantly related E.leg.See Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.lacertus.Cp.P.bhuja<sup>1</sup> &#38; ratana] a club,cudgel Vin.III,77 (enum<sup>d</sup> with var.weapons of murder,like asi,satti,bheṇḍi,pāsāṇa etc.); Miln.152,351 (kodaṇḍa-laguḷa-muggara),355 (kilesa°); J.VI,394; Vism.525 (°abhighāta).(Page 579),6,1
  6293. 247117,en,15,lahati,lahati,Lahati,Lahati,to lick:see ullahaka,palahati, &#38; lehati.(Page 582),6,1
  6294. 247127,en,15,lahu,lahu,Lahu,Lahu,(adj.) [Sk.laghu &#38; raghu:see etym.under laṅghati] light,quick A.I,10,45.--lahuṃ karoti to make light,to be frivolous J.II,451.-- nt.lahuṃ (adv.) quickly Pv IV.1<sup>60</sup>; Dpvs.I,53; Mhvs 4,17.-- Usually as lahuka (q.v.).<br><br> --citta light-minded S.I,201; J.III,73.--ṭṭhāna lightness of body,bodily vigour,good health M.I,437,473; D.I,204; Ud.15; Miln.14.[Cp.BSk.laghūtthānatā Divy 156.] --parivatta quickly or easily changing VbhA.408.(Page 582),4,1
  6295. 247172,en,15,lahuka,lahukā,Lahukā,Lahukā,(adj.) [lahu+ka] 1.light (opp.garuka); trifling Vin.I,49; A.II,48 (āpatti); IV,137 (jīvitaṃ parittaṃ l.); Miln.344 (āpatti).-- 2.light,buoyant Th.1,104 (kāyo); Dhs.648; Miln.105; PvA.280.atilahukaṃ (adv.) too soon Vin.II,215.-- 3 (as tt.in grammar) light (of letters or syllables),opp.garuka DA.I,177 (with ref.to the 10 fold vyañjana of the dhamma).(Page 582),6,1
  6296. 247287,en,15,lahusa,lahusa,Lahusa,Lahusa,(adj.) [fr.lahu] easily offended,touchy D.I,90; expl<sup>d</sup> by DA.I,256 as follows:“lahusā ti lahukā,appaken’eva tussanti vā russanti vā udaka-piṭṭhe lābukaṭāhaṃ viya appakena pi uppilavanti.” Cp.rabhasa.(Page 582),6,1
  6297. 247304,en,15,lahuso,lahuso,Lahuso,Lahuso,(adv.) [orig.Abl.of lahu] quickly A.IV,247 (sabba°); Vism.238.(Page 582),6,1
  6298. 247311,en,15,lahuta,lahutā,Lahutā,Lahutā,(f.) [fr.lahu] lightness,buoyancy Dhs.42,322,585; Vism.448.(Page 582),6,1
  6299. 247356,en,15,laja,lāja,Lāja,Lāja, &#38; Lājā (f.) [cp.Vedic lāja:Zimmer,Altind.Leben 269] 1.fried grain,parched corn:occurring only in comb<sup>n</sup> madhu-lāja fried grain with honey,sweet corn J.III,538; IV,214,281.-- 2.the flower of Dalbergia arborea,used for scattering in bunches (with other flowers making 5 kinds or colours) as a sign of welcome &#38; greeting,usually in phrase lāja-pañcamāni pupphāni (“a cluster of flowers with lāja as the fifth”) DhA.I,112; VvA.31; J.I,55 (°pañcamakāni p.); cp.J.II,240 (vippakiṇṇa-lāja-kusuma-maṇḍita-talā); VI,42 (vippakiṇṇa-lāja-kusuma-vāsa-dhūp’andhakāra); DhA.I,140 (vippakiṇṇa-valikaṃ pañcavaṇṇa-kusuma-lāja-puṇṇaghaṭa-paṭimaṇḍita).(Page 582),4,1
  6300. 247399,en,15,lajeti,lājeti,Lājeti,Lājeti,[fr.lāja] to fry or have fried J.VI,341 (v.l.lañc°,lañj°),385 (lañchetvā; v.l.lañci°,lañje°).(Page 582),6,1
  6301. 247414,en,15,lajja,lajjā,Lajjā,Lajjā,(f.) [fr.<em>lajj</em>] shame,bashfulness,modesty M.I,414; DA.I,70; DhA.II,90; Instr.<i>lajjāya</i> out of shame PvA.47,112,283.Cp.<i>nillajja</i>.(Page 580),5,1
  6302. 247441,en,15,lajjana,lajjana,Lajjana,Lajjana,(nt.) [fr.<em>lajj</em>] being ashamed Dhtp 72.(Page 580),7,1
  6303. 247446,en,15,lajjanaka,lajjanaka,Lajjanaka,Lajjanaka,(nt.) [fr.lajjana] causing shame,humiliating,disgraceful J.VI,395.(Page 580),9,1
  6304. 247478,en,15,lajjapanika,lajjāpanikā,Lajjāpanikā,Lajjāpanikā,(f.) [fr.lajjāpeti,Caus.II.of lajjati] making ashamed,putting to shame,disgracing J.V,284 (kula° bringing disgrace on the clan).(Page 580),11,1
  6305. 247530,en,15,lajjati,lajjati,Lajjati,Lajjati,[<em>lajj</em><i>;</i> Dhtp 72:lajjane] 1.to be ashamed or abashed,to be modest or bashful PvA.48 (for harāyati); ppr.<i>lajjamāna</i> DhA.I,188; PvA.88; fut.<i>lajjissati</i> J.III,218; inf.<i>lajjituṃ</i> DhA.I,72; ger.<i>lajjitvā</i> J.I,208; grd.<i>lajjitabba</i> (nt.) what one has to be ashamed of,something disgraceful J.VI,395; also (an odd form) <i>lajjitāya</i> (so read:see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 203 against Trenckner,Notes,66<sup>27</sup>) Dh.316.-- 2.to have regard of (Gen.),to consider,to respect J.IV,128.-- Caus.II.<i>lajjāpeti</i> to cause to be ashamed,to put to the blush J.III,137; V,296.-- pp.<i>lajjita</i>.(Page 579),7,1
  6306. 247537,en,15,lajjava,lajjava,Lajjava,Lajjava,(nt.) [fr.<em>lajj</em>] shamefacedness D.III,213 (where Dhs.1340 has maddava); cp.A.I,94.(Page 580),7,1
  6307. 247585,en,15,lajjin,lajjin,Lajjin,Lajjin,(adj.) [fr.<em>lajj</em>] feeling shame,modest,afraid,shy,conscientious (expl<sup>d</sup> as “one who has hiri &#38; ottappa” by C.on S.I,73:see K.S.320 &#38; cp.Dhs.trstl<sup>n</sup> p.18) D.I,4,63; III,15; S.I,73; A.II,208; IV,249 sq.; Pug.57; Pv.II,9<sup>15</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> as one who is afraid of sin); Miln.373; DA.I,70.-- pl.<i>lajjino</i> Vin.I,44.<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> (lajji°) modesty,feeling of shame Vin.II,53 sq.(Page 580),6,1
  6308. 247624,en,15,lajjita,lajjita,Lajjita,Lajjita,[pp.of lajjati] ashamed,bashful Sdhp.35.-- f.<i>lajjitā</i> as n.abstr.“bashfulness” DhA.I,188.(Page 580),7,1
  6309. 247635,en,15,lajjitabbaka,lajjitabbaka,Lajjitabbaka,Lajjitabbaka,(nt.) [grd.of lajjati+ka] something to be ashamed of,a cause of shame,disgrace J.VI,395.(Page 580),12,1
  6310. 247661,en,15,lak-atthika,lak-aṭṭhika,Lak-aṭṭhika,Lak-aṭṭhika,at VvA.222 is doubtful; aṭṭhika means “kernel,” lak° may be a misspelling for labujak° (?).(Page 578),11,1
  6311. 247664,en,15,lakanaka,lakanaka,Lakanaka,Lakanaka,(nt.?) [fr.lag,with k for g,as lakuṭa:laguḷa etc.Would correspond to Sk.*lagnaka,cp.Trenckner.Notes 62; Geiger,P.Gr.§ 39<sup>1</sup>] ship’s anchor (nāvā°) Miln.377 (v.l.lagganaka),378.(Page 578),8,1
  6312. 247671,en,15,lakara,lakāra,Lakāra,Lakāra,[for alaṅkāra,lit.“fitting up,” cp.Hindī &#38; Marāthī langara,Tamil ilankaran “in meaning anchor.”] a sail J.II,112; Miln.378; Dāvs.IV,42; Vism.137 (v.l.BB.laṅkāra).(Page 578),6,1
  6313. 247680,en,15,laketi,laketi,Laketi,Laketi,[for laggeti,see lakanaka] to hold fast (lit.to make adhere) Miln.377.(Page 578),6,1
  6314. 247690,en,15,lakha,lākhā,Lākhā,Lākhā,(f.) [cp.Sk.dākṣā] lac; lac-dye; enum<sup>d</sup> with other colourings at M.I,127=S.II,101=A.III,230.-- SnA 577; Vism.261 (as colour of blood).<br><br> --ācariya expert in lac-dyeing SnA 577.--guḷaka a ball of lac SnA 80.--goḷaka id.SnA 577.--tamba copper coloured with lac Th.2,440 (=lākhā-rasarattehi viya tambehi lomehi samannāgata ThA.270).--rasa essence of lac,used for dyeing; lac-colouring J.V,215 (°ratta-succhavi); VI,269 (id.); KhA 62,63; ThA.270.(Page 582),5,1
  6315. 247758,en,15,lakkha,lakkha,Lakkha,Lakkha,(nt.) [fr.lakṣ (see lakkhaṇa),or (after Grassmann) lag “to fix,” i.e.to mark.Cp.Vedic lakṣa price at gambling (Zimmer,Altind.Leben 287)] 1.a mark Miln.102.-- 2.a target Miln.418; DhA.I,52 (°yoggā target practice,i.e.shooting).-- 3.a stake at gambling J.VI,271.-- 4.a high numeral,a lac or 100,000 (but cp.PvA.255,where lakkha of Pv IV.3<sup>38</sup> is taken as a “period of time,” equal to 100 koṭis); Dāvs.V,66.(Page 578),6,1
  6316. 247788,en,15,lakkhana,lakkhaṇa,Lakkhaṇa,Lakkhaṇa,(nt.) [Vedic lakṣman nt.sign; adj.lakṣmaṇa; later Sk.lakṣmaṇa nt.In the def<sup>n</sup> of grammarians syn.with aṅka brand,e.g.Dhtp 536 “aṅka lakkhaṇe lakkha dassane,” or Dhtm 748 “lakkha=dassanaaṅke”; cp.J.I,451 lakkhaṇena aṅketi to brand.‹-› The Sk.Np.Lakṣmaṇa appears also in Prk.as Lakkhaṇa:Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 312] 1.sign,characteristic,mark; esp.a sign as implying something extraordinary or pointing to the future,therefore a prognosticative mark (cp.talisman),a distinguishing mark or salient feature,property,quality (as Rh.D.in Dial.I.19 somewhat lengthily,after Bdhgh,trsl<sup>s</sup> lakkhaṇa by “signs of good &#38; bad qualities in the foll.things and of the marks in them denoting the health or luck of their owners”) D.I,9 (a long list,as forbidden practice of fortune-telling,like maṇi° from jewels,daṇḍa° from sticks,asi° from marks on swords etc.); Sn.360 (pl.lakkhanā,here as fortune-telling together with supina telling fr.dreams,cp.SnA 362:daṇḍa°,vattha° etc.referring to D.I,9),927 (with Āthabbana,supina &#38; nakkhatta,all kinds of secret sciences; expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 564 as “maṇi-lakkhaṇâdi”) 1018 (gottaṃ brūhi sa° “with its distinguishing marks”); J.VI,364 (sign of beauty); Miln.171 (yathāva° just characterization); Mhvs 35,109 (itthi° auspicious signs in women); PvA.161,219; SnA 386.A long enum<sup>n</sup> of all sorts of (perfect) marks (tatha-lakkhaṇāni) is found at DA.I,62 sq.Cp.tādi-lakkhaṇa marks of such (a being),with ref.to good luck etc.J.III,98; SnA 200; VvA.95.-- 2.mark on the body,esp.when serving a def.purpose,e.g.as the branding (of slaves),or the marks of a fortunate being,pointing towards his future greatness:(a) brand J.I,451,cp.cpd.°āhata.-- (b) the (32) marks of a mahā-purisa or a great being,either destined to be a rājā cakkavatti,or a sammā-sambuddha.These are given at Sn.1019 (pl.lakkhanā),1021,1022 as only 3 (viz.mukhaṃ jivhāya chādeti,uṇṇ’assa bhamuk’antare,kos’ohitaṃ vattha-guyhaṃ with ref.to his tongue,the hair between the eyebrows &#38; the sexual organ); more completely as 32 at D.II,16 sq.; III,142 sq.(the Lakkhaṇa Suttanta); referred to at D.I,88,105; J.I,56; Mhvs 5,91; cp.paripuṇṇa-kāya Sn.548 (with expl<sup>n</sup> lakkhaṇehi puṇṇatāya at SnA 452).-- 3.(in spec.sense:) pudendum J.V,197 (subha°,the male member),366.-- 4.(adj.) (--°) having the marks (of),characterized by,of such &#38; such character A.I,102 (kamma°; bāla° &#38; paṇḍita°,together with bāla- &#38; paṇḍitanimitta); Miln.111 (sata-puñña°,of the Buddha); VvA.71 (para-sampatti-usuyyā-lakkhaṇā issā); PvA.17,120.-- 5.(as t.t.in philosophy) specific attribute,characteristic (mark).In contrast to nimitta more a substantial attribute or primary characteristic (cp.VbhA.261).Compared with other terms of definition we get the foll.:rasa essential property,paccupaṭṭhāna recurring phenomenon,padatṭhāna immediate occasion DhsA.63 (trsl<sup>n</sup> Expos.I.84),cp.Cpd.13 (where padaṭṭhāna is trsl<sup>d</sup> as “proximate cause”).-- Ps.I,54 sq.(khandhānaṃ); II,108 (saccānaṃ),VbhA.85,136 (with ref.to the Paṭiccasamuppāda,cp.Vism.528),261 (fourfold,of kesā etc.); Vism.278 (with ref.to kammaṭṭhāna) 351 (4,of the dhātus:thaddha°,ābandhana°,paripācana°,vitthambhana°),363 sq.(id.),495 (ariya-saccānaṃ); VvA.38 (comp<sup>d</sup> with ārammaṇa with ref.to jhāna).-- The 3 properties (tilakkhaṇaṃ) of existing things or of the phenomenal world are anicca,dukkha,anatta,or impermanence,suffering,unreality:thus at J.I,48 (dhamma-desanā ti-l-°muttā),275; III,377 (through contemplating them arises vipassanā &#38; pacceka-bodhi-ñāṇa).-- Abl.lakkhaṇato “by or qua characteristic,” “in its essential qualification,” often found in exegetical analysis in Commentary style comb<sup>d</sup> with var.similar terms (atthato,kamato,nimittato etc.),e.g.Vism.351,363,495,528; VbhA.46,76,83,131,261 (where Vism.351 has paripācana for uṇhatta); SnA 343.-- Cp.upa°,vi°,sa°.<i>--āhata</i> affected with a mark (of punishment or disgrace),branded Vin.I,76; VvA.66.<i>--kusala</i> clever at interpreting bodily marks or at fortune-telling from signs (cp.nemittaka) M.I,220; J.I,272.<i>--kusalatā</i> cleverness at (telling people’s fortune by) signs VvA.138.<i>--paṭiggāhaka</i> one who reads the signs,a soothsayer,wise man J.I,56.<i>--pāṭhaka</i> an expert in (interpreting) signs,fortune-teller J.I,455; II,194; V,211.<i>--manta</i> the secret science of (bodily) marks Sn.690 (but expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 488 as “lakkhaṇāni ca vedā ca,” thus taking it as Dvandva); DhA.III,194.<i>--sampatti</i> excellency of marks J.I,54.<i>--sampanna</i> endowed with (auspicious) signs Sn.409; J.I,455.<br><br> the 3 <i>lakkhaṇas</i> at Sn.1022 refer to the brahmin Bāvari.(Page 578),8,1
  6317. 248210,en,15,lakkhanna,lakkhañña,Lakkhañña,Lakkhañña,(adj.) [fr.lakkhaṇa,cp.BSk.lakṣaṇya diviner Divy 474] connected with auspices,auspicious,in phrase “lakkhaññā vata bho dosinā ratti” (how grand a sign,friends,is the moonlight night! trsl<sup>n</sup>) D.I,47=J.I,509 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,141 as “divasa-mās’--ādīnaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ bhavituṃ yuttā”); J.V,370 (°sammata considered auspicious).(Page 578),9,1
  6318. 248260,en,15,lakkheti,lakkheti,Lakkheti,Lakkheti,[denom.fr.lakkha] to mark,distinguish,characterize Nett 30.-- pp.<i>lakkhita</i>.-- Cp.<i>upa°</i>.(Page 579),8,1
  6319. 248275,en,15,lakkhi,lakkhī,Lakkhī,Lakkhī,(f.) [Sk.lakṣmī] 1.luck,good fortune,success,personal welfare J.III,443 (comb<sup>d</sup> with sirī splendour; expl<sup>d</sup> by parivāra-sampatti &#38; paññā respectively); IV,281 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “sirī pi puññam pi paññā pi”).‹-› 2.splendour,power Dāvs.I,6 (rajja° royal splendour); IV,38 (id.).-- 3.prosperity Dāvs.V,35 (°nidhāna Anurādhapura).(Page 579),6,1
  6320. 248285,en,15,lakkhika,lakkhika,Lakkhika,Lakkhika, &#38; °ya (adj.) [fr.lakkhī] belonging to auspices,favoured by good luck Sdhp.105 (°ya); usually neg.<i>alakkhika</i> unlucky,unfortunate,ill-fated; either with <i>appa-puñña</i> of no merit,e.g.S.V,146=J.II,59; Vv 50<sup>8</sup> (=nissirīka,kālakaṇṇi VvA.212); or <i>pāpa</i> wicked Vin.II,192 (of Devadatta).(Page 579),8,1
  6321. 248296,en,15,lakkhita,lakkhita,Lakkhita,Lakkhita,[pp.of lakkheti] see <i>abhi°</i>.(Page 579),8,1
  6322. 248374,en,15,lakuntaka,lakuṇṭaka,Lakuṇṭaka,Lakuṇṭaka,[dialectical] a dwarf Mhvs 23,50 (°sarīratta); VbhA.26 (°pāda-purisa,cpd.with arūpa); PugA 227; C.on S.I,237.(Page 578),9,1
  6323. 248380,en,15,lakuntakatta,lakuṇṭakatta,Lakuṇṭakatta,Lakuṇṭakatta,(nt.) [fr.lakuṇṭaka] dwarfishness J.VI,337.(Page 578),12,1
  6324. 248385,en,15,lakuta,lakuṭa,Lakuṭa,Lakuṭa,[see laguḷa for etym.] a club,cudgel Miln.255 (in sequence daṇḍa-leḍḍu-lakuṭa-muggara),301,367,368.See also laguḷa.(Page 578),6,1
  6325. 248399,en,15,lala,lāla,Lāla,Lāla,(p)pana (nt.) &#38; °ā (f.)=<i>lālappa</i>,together with <i>lāla(p)‹-› pitatta</i> (nt.) in exegesis of <i>parideva</i> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 416; Vbh.100,138; VbhA.104; DA.I,121.(Page 583),4,1
  6326. 248400,en,15,lala,lāla,Lāla,Lāla,(adj.) [fr.<em>lal</em>,see laḷati] talking without sense,silly,foolish J.VI,360,417 (ḷ).Cp.<i>alālā</i>.(Page 583),4,1
  6327. 248406,en,15,lala,lālā,Lālā,Lālā,(f.) [cp.laḷati] saliva J.I,61,248; VI,357; Vism.259; DhA.I,307 (mukhato lālā galati).(Page 583),4,1
  6328. 248416,en,15,lalaka,lālaka,Lālaka,Lālaka,[lala+ka] a wag,silly person,fool J.I,205; IV,210.(Page 583),6,1
  6329. 248448,en,15,lalana,lāḷana,Lāḷana,Lāḷana,(nt.) [fr.<em>lal</em>] swaying,dalliance,sport DA.I,197; Sdhp.387; as <i>lāḷanā</i> at ThA.243.(Page 583),6,1
  6330. 248467,en,15,lalapati,lālapati,Lālapati,Lālapati, &#38; Lālappati [Intens.of lapati] to talk much,to talk silly,to lament,wail Sn.580; Pv IV.5<sup>2</sup> (=vilapati PvA.260); J.III,217; Miln.148,275; Mhvs 32,68.‹-› pp.<i>lālappita</i>.(Page 583),8,1
  6331. 248481,en,15,lalappa,lālappa,Lālappa,Lālappa,[fr.lālappati] talking much,excited or empty talk,wailing Vbh.100,138; Ps.I,38; Nett 29; VbhA.104 (=punappunaṃ lapanaṃ).(Page 583),7,1
  6332. 248508,en,15,lalappita,lālappita,Lālappita,Lālappita,[pp.of lālappati] 1.talking much,wailing Miln.148 (paridevita-l.-mukha).-- 2.(nt.) much talk,excited talk,talking J.VI,498.(Page 583),9,1
  6333. 248516,en,15,lalata,lalāṭa,Lalāṭa,Lalāṭa,see <i>nalāṭa</i> (cp.laṅgula).(Page 582),6,1
  6334. 248542,en,15,laleti,lāḷeti,Lāḷeti,Lāḷeti,see <i>laḷati</i>.(Page 583),6,1
  6335. 248589,en,15,lamajjaka,lāmajjaka,Lāmajjaka,Lāmajjaka,(lāmañjaka) (nt.) [cp.Sk.lāmajjaka] the root of Andropogon muricatus Vv 43<sup>6</sup> (v.l.°añc); VvA.186,(°añj°) 187.(Page 583),9,1
  6336. 248598,en,15,lamaka,lāmaka,Lāmaka,Lāmaka,(adj.) [seems to be a specific Pāli word.It is essentially a C.word &#38; probably of dialectical origin.Has it anything to do with <i>omaka</i>?] insignificant,poor,inferior,bad,sinful.The usual syn.is <i>pāpa</i>.-- Vin.II,76; Vism.268 (=pāpaka); DhsA.45; KhA 243 (=khudda); PugA 229 (nīca lāmaka=oṇata); KhA 150 (°desanā,cp.ukkaṭṭha); DhA.II,77; IV,44 (°bhāva); VvA.116; PvA.15 (for pāpa); 103 (=pāpaka),125 (°purisa=kāpurisa); Sdhp.28,253,426,526 (opp.ukkaṭṭha).-- f.<i>lāmikā</i> J.I,285; II,346 (for itarā); DhA.II,61 (pāpikā l.diṭṭhi).-- Cp.Dhs.trsl.<sup>2</sup> § 1025.(Page 583),6,1
  6337. 248713,en,15,lamba,lamba,Lamba,Lamba,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>lamb</em>] hanging down,drooping,pendulous S.IV,341,342 (°cūḷakā bhaṭa hirelings with large or drooping top-knots); J.II,185 (°tthana with hanging breasts); III,265 (°cūla-vihaṅgama); Dāvs II.61.--<i>alamba</i> not drooping,thick,short J.V,302; VI,3 (°tthaniyo).-- Cp.<i>ā°</i>,<i> vi° </i>&<i> ālambana</i>.(Page 581),5,1
  6338. 248762,en,15,lambati,lambati,Lambati,Lambati,[<em>lamb</em><i>;</i> cp.Lat.limbus “limb,” which may be also in E.limp,lit.“hanging down.” -- The Dhtp defines the root as “ramba lamba avasaṃsane” (No.199),as does Dhtm 284] to hang down,to droop,fall Mhvs 32,70 (laggāni lambiṃsu),71 (ākāse lambamānāni).‹-› Fut.<i>lambahīti</i> (poet.) J.V,302 (=lambissati).-- Caus.<i>lambeti</i> to cause to hang up or to be suspended,to hang up Mhvs 34,48.-- Caus.II.<i>lambāpeti</i> id.Mhvs 21,15.-- pp.<i>lambita</i>.-- Cp.<i>abhi°</i>,<i> pa°</i>,<i> vi°</i>.(Page 581),7,1
  6339. 248792,en,15,lambheti,lambheti,Lambheti,Lambheti,[Caus.of <em>labh</em>,for which usually labbheti (q.v.under labhati).The Sk.form is lambhayati.-- The Dhtm.(840) puts it down as a special root,although it occurs only in cpd.pa° in this special meaning:“labhi vañcane”] see <i>palambheti</i> (to deceive,dupe).It may be possibie that reading <i>lampetvā</i> at A.II,77 (v.l.lambitvā) is to be corrected to <i>lambhetvā</i> (comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>hāpetvā)</i>.<i> --alambhavissa</i> at S.V,146 is to be read <i>alam abhavissa</i>,as at J.II,59.(Page 582),8,1
  6340. 248804,en,15,lambila,lambila,Lambila,Lambila,(adj.) [reading not quite certain,cp.ambila] sour,acrid,astringent (of taste) Nd<sup>1</sup> 240; Nd<sup>2</sup> 540; Dhs.629; DhsA.320 (reads lapila,v.l.lampila; expl<sup>d</sup> as “badara-sāḷava-kapiṭṭha-sāḷav’ādi”); Miln.56 (reads <i>ambila</i>).(Page 582),7,1
  6341. 248811,en,15,lambin,lambin,Lambin,Lambin,(adj.) [fr.<em>lamb</em>] hanging down,able to hang or bend down (with ref.to the membrum virile) Vin.III,35 (“tassa bhikkhussa aṅgajātaṃ dīghaṃ hoti lambati,tasmā lambī ti vutto” Sam.Pās.I.278).(Page 582),6,1
  6342. 248816,en,15,lambita,lambita,Lambita,Lambita,[pp.of lambeti] hanging down,suspended Mhvs 27,38; 30,67.(Page 582),7,1
  6343. 248842,en,15,lanca,lañca,Lañca,Lañca,[cp.Sk.lañca] a present,a bribe J.I,201; II,186; V,184; VI,408 (gahita,bribes received); DhA.I,269 (°ṃ adāsi); IV,1; PvA.209.The word is a word peculiar to the “Jātaka” literature.<br><br> <i>--khādaka</i> “eater of bribes,” one who feeds on bribes J.II,196; V,1.<i>--ggāha</i> taking of bribes J.V,109.<i>--daṇḍaka</i> a staff given as a present (?) J.VI,450 (v.l.volañjanaka°).<i>--dāna</i> gift of bribes,bribery J.III,205.<i>--vittaka</i> one who gets rich through bribes J.I,339. <i>Lañcaka:</i> Hardy in ed.of Netti,p.278 suggests writing <i>lañjaka</i> &#38; trsl<sup>d</sup> “making known,” “exposition” (cp.Sk.<em>lañj</em> to declare],found only at Miln.137 &#38; 217 in cpd.Saṃyutta-nikāya-vara-lañcaka (trl<sup>n</sup> Rh.D.:“most excellent”); at Miln.242 &#38; 258 in Majjhimanikāya vara°; at Miln.362 in Ekuttara-nikāya-vara°; and at Nett 2 in cpd.nayalañjaka.Trenckner (Miln.ed.p.424) translates it as “excellent gift (to mankind).” (Page 580),5,1
  6344. 248850,en,15,lancana,lañcana,Lañcana,Lañcana,in “kārāpesi <i>tilañcanaṃ</i>” at Dpvs 20,10 is not clear.We may have to correct reading into <i>lañchanaṃ</i> or <i>lañchakaṃ</i>.Oldenberg in his trsl<sup>n</sup> (p.211) leaves the word out and remarks:“Probably this passage refers to the three pupphayāna mentioned in the Mahāvaṃsa (33,22,where Geiger reads “pupphādhānāni tīṇi,” with trsl<sup>n</sup> “3 stone terraces for offerings of flowers”),though I do not know how to explain or to correct the word used here (tilañcanaṃ).” (Page 580),7,1
  6345. 248859,en,15,lancha,lañcha,Lañcha,Lañcha,[fr.<em>lañch</em>] a mark,an imprint J.II,425; VbhA.52.(Page 580),6,1
  6346. 248868,en,15,lanchaka,lañchaka,Lañchaka,Lañchaka,[fr.lañcha; doubtful] one who makes marks (expl<sup>d</sup> by Cy.as “lakkhaṇa-kāraka”) J.IV,364,366 (ti°,so expl<sup>d</sup> by Cy.v.l.ni°).See <i>nillañchaka</i> &#38; cp.<i>lañcana (ti°)</i>.(Page 580),8,1
  6347. 248875,en,15,lanchana,lañchana,Lañchana,Lañchana,(nt.) [fr.<em>lañch</em>] 1.stamp,mark,imprint VvA.89 (sasa°,of the moon); Dāvs II.23 (pada°).-- 2.the seal (of a letter or edict) SnA 172.-- Cp.<i>lañcana</i>.(Page 580),8,1
  6348. 248898,en,15,lanchati,lañchati,Lañchati,Lañchati,[<em>lañch</em> Dhtp 54 “lakkhaṇe”] to stamp,to seal DhA.I,35 (sāsanaṃ rāja-muddāya lañchanto).-- Caus.<i>lañcheti</i>.-- 1.to seal J.I,452 (spelt lañjetvā); II,326; VI,385; SnA 577 (rāja-muddikāya); DhA.I,21.-- 2.to mark,paint,smear Vin.II,107=266 (mukhaṃ).‹-› Caus.II.<i>lañchāpeti</i> to have marked or sealed (by king’s command) Vism.38 (“had his seal put to this order”; trsl.).-- Cp.<i>nillaccheti</i>.(Page 580),8,1
  6349. 248927,en,15,lanchita,lañchita,Lañchita,Lañchita,[pp.of lañcheti] sealed J.I,227 (pihita-lañchitā vā loha-cātiyo).(Page 580),8,1
  6350. 248942,en,15,landa,laṇḍa,Laṇḍa,Laṇḍa,(nt.) [cp.Sk.laṇḍa (dial.).The Dhtm under No.155 gives a root laḍ in meaning “jigucchana,” i.e.disgust] excrement,dung of animals,dirt; mostly used with ref.to elephants (haṭṭhi°),e.g.at J.II,19; DhA.I,163,192; IV,156 (here also as assa° horse dung.) Cp.laṇḍikā.(Page 580),5,1
  6351. 248958,en,15,landhati,landhati,Landhati,Landhati,see nandhati &#38; pilandhana.Concerning l›n cp.<i>laṅgula</i>.(Page 581),8,1
  6352. 248962,en,15,landika,laṇḍikā,Laṇḍikā,Laṇḍikā,(f.) [fr.laṇḍa],only in aja° goat’s dirt,pellet of goat’s dung J.I,419; PvA.283.(Page 580),7,1
  6353. 248993,en,15,langhaka,laṅghaka,Laṅghaka,Laṅghaka,[fr.<em>laṅgh</em>] a jumper,tumbler,acrobat J.II,142; Miln.34,191,331.f.<i>laṅghikā</i> Vin.IV,285 (with naṭakā &#38; sokajjhāyikā).(Page 579),8,1
  6354. 249002,en,15,langhamaya,laṅghamayā,Laṅghamayā,Laṅghamayā,(pl.) at J.V,408 is problematic.We should expect something like <i>laṅghiyo</i> or <i>laṅghimayā</i> in meaning “deer,” as it is comb<sup>d</sup> with eneyyaka.The C.reads <i>laṅghimayā</i> (“like deer; jumping”?) &#38; expl<sup>s</sup> by nānā-ratana-mayā “made of var.jewels,” rather strange.(Page 579),10,1
  6355. 249008,en,15,langhana,laṅghana,Laṅghana,Laṅghana,(nt.) [fr.<em>laṅgh</em>] jumping,hopping J.I,430 (<i>°naṭaka</i> a tumbler,jumper,acrobat,cp.Fick,Soc.Gliederung 188,190,192); II,363,431.Cp.<i>ullaṅghanā</i>,<i> olaṅghanā</i>.(Page 579),8,1
  6356. 249034,en,15,langhapana,laṅghāpana,Laṅghāpana,Laṅghāpana,(nt.) [fr.Caus.of <em>laṅgh</em>] making jump,raising,lifting Vism.143 (“launching”).(Page 579),10,1
  6357. 249055,en,15,langhati,laṅghati,Laṅghati,Laṅghati,[<em>laṅgh</em>,a by-form of <em>lagh</em>,as in laghu (see lahu) light,quick; Idg.<i>*legh </i>&<i> *leṅgh</i>,with meanings of both “quick” &#38; “light” (or “little”) from the movement of jumping.Here belong Gr.elaxuζ little,e]lafrόs quick; Lat.levis (fr.*leghǔis),Goth.leihto= E.light; Ohg.lungar quick,Ger.ge-lingen to succeed.Further Lat.limen threshold.Perhaps also the words for “lungs,” viz.Ger.lunge,E.lights etc.-- The Dhtp 33 defines <em>lagh </em><i>(</i><em>laṅgh</em><i>)</i> by “gati-sosanesu”] 1.to jump over (Acc.) step over,to hop J.III,272; V,472 (laṅghamāno yāti); Miln.85.-- 2.to make light of,disregard,neglect,transgress PvA.15; VvA.138.-- Cp.<i>abhilaṅghati</i>,<i> ullaṅghati</i>.-- Caus.<i>laṅgheti (=laṅghati)</i> to jump over (Acc.),lit.to make jump J.V,472 (vatiṃ); Th.2,384 (Meruṃ laṅghetuṃ icchasi); Miln.85.-- ger.<i>laṅghayitvā</i> ThA.255, &#38; (poet.) <i>laṅghayitvāna</i> J.I,431 (=attānaṃ laṅghitvā C.); Mhvs 25,44 (pākāraṃ).‹-› Cp.<i>olaṅgheti</i>.(Page 579),8,1
  6358. 249094,en,15,langhi,laṅghi,Laṅghi,Laṅghi,(Laṅghī) (f.) [fr.<em>laṅgh</em>] 1.a kind of deer (?) J.VI,537.-- 2.doubtful of meaning &#38; origin in phrase <i>laṅghī-pitāmahā</i> at J.II,363=III,226:“whose grandfather was a deer,or a jumper” (?); used in disparagingly addressing a crane.The C.to J.II,363 expl<sup>s</sup> rather strangely as follows:<i>laṅghī vuccati ākāse</i> laṅghanato megho “(a) jumping deer is called the cloud because of its jumping in the air,” <i>balākā ca nāma megha-saddena gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī ti</i> “the cranes conceive by the sound of the cloud,” <i>meghasaddo balākānaṃ pitā megho pitāmaho ti</i> “the sound of the cloud is the father of the cranes &#38; the cloud the grandfather.“ (Page 579),6,1
  6359. 249142,en,15,langi,laṅgī,Laṅgī,Laṅgī,(f.) [fr.<em>lag</em>] bolt,bar,barrier,obstruction,only metaphorically with ref.to <i>avijjā</i> M.I,142,144; Pug.21; Dhs.390; VbhA.141.(Page 579),5,1
  6360. 249151,en,15,langula,laṅgula,Laṅgula,Laṅgula,(nt.) [cp.Sk.lāṅgula &#38; lāṅgūla; also the ordinary P.forms naṅgula &#38; naṅguṭṭha,to <em>lag</em>] the tail of an animal Mhvs 6,6 (lāḷento laṅgulaṃ; v.l.naṅgulaṃ).See also <i>naṅgula</i> &#38; (concerning l›n) <i>landhati</i> (=nandhati); nalāṭa (for laḷāta).(Page 579),7,1
  6361. 249169,en,15,lanjaka,lañjaka,Lañjaka,Lañjaka,[see lañcaka] in <i>dīpa°</i> stands as equivalent of <i>dīpavaṃsa</i> thus “story of the island” Dpvs 18,2.Oldenberg (trsl<sup>n</sup> p.204) translates “the island of Laṅkā.” (Page 580),7,1
  6362. 249197,en,15,lanjeti,lañjeti,Lañjeti,Lañjeti,see <i>lañchati </i>and<i> valañjeti</i>.<i> </i> (Page 580),7,1
  6363. 249231,en,15,lankara,laṅkāra,Laṅkāra,Laṅkāra,see <i>lakāra</i>.(Page 579),7,1
  6364. 249261,en,15,lapa,lapa,Lapa,Lapa,(adj.n.) [fr.<em>lap</em><i>:</i> see lapati] talkative,talking,prattling; a talker,tattler,prattler,chatterer A.II,26; Th.1,959=It.112; Vism.26 (doubled:lapa-lapa)= Nd<sup>1</sup> 226 (as lapaka-lapaka).(Page 581),4,1
  6365. 249273,en,15,lapa,lāpa,Lāpa,Lāpa,<sup>2</sup> [also fr.lap,lit.“talker,” cp.similar semantics of E.quail›Ger.quaken,quicken; E.quack.The P.form rests on pop.etym.,as in Sk.we find corresponding name as lāba] a sort of quail,Perdix chinensis S.V,146=J.II,59.As lāpaka-sakuṇa also at J.II,59.-- Another name for quail is vaṭṭaka.(Page 582),4,1
  6366. 249274,en,15,lapa,lāpa,Lāpa,Lāpa,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>lap</em>] talk:see cpds.abhi°,pa°,sal°.(Page 582),4,1
  6367. 249281,en,15,lapaka,lapaka,Lapaka,Lapaka,[fr.<em>lap</em>] one who mutters,a droner out (of holy words for pay) D.I,8 (cp.Dial.I.15); A.III,111; J.III,349; Miln.228; DA.I,91.(Page 581),6,1
  6368. 249293,en,15,lapana,lapana,Lapana,Lapana,(nt.) &#38; <i>lapanā</i> (f.) 1.talking,muttering; esp.prattling or uttering indistinct words for the sake of begging,patter D.I,8; A.II,26; III,430; Nd<sup>1</sup> 389; Nett 94; Miln.383.As f.<i>lapanā</i> at Vbh.352; Vism.23 &#38; 27 (def.); VbhA.482.-- 2.the mouth,in cpd.<i>lapana-ja</i> “mouth born,” i.e.tooth J.VI,218 (=mukhaja C.).‹-› Cp.<i>ālapana ālapanatā</i>,<i> ullapana</i>.(Page 581),6,1
  6369. 249307,en,15,lapana,lāpana,Lāpana,Lāpana,(nt.) [fr.lāpeti,Caus.of <em>lap</em>] muttering,utterance,speech It.98; A.I,165 (lapita°).Perhaps also to be read at Th.2,73.-- Cp.upa°.(Page 582),6,1
  6370. 249333,en,15,lapapana,lapāpana,Lapāpana,Lapāpana,(nt.) [fr.Caus.II.lapāpeti of <em>lap</em>] causing to speak,speaking ThA.78.(Page 581),8,1
  6371. 249358,en,15,lapati,lapati,Lapati,Lapati,[<em>lap</em>,cp.Russ.lépet talk,Cymr.llêf voice.The Dhtp 188 &#38; 599 defines <em>lap</em> with “vacana”] to talk,prattle,mutter Sn.776; It.122; Pv.I,8<sup>1</sup>; II,6<sup>3</sup>.-- Cp.ullapati,palapati,samullapati.-- Caus.lapeti (and <i>lāpeti</i>,metri causâ) to talk to,to accost,beg S.I,31 (here meaning “declare”); Sn.929 (janaṃ na lāpayeyya=na lapayeyya lapanaṃ pajaheyya Nd<sup>1</sup> 389); DhA.II,157.‹-› Infin.<i>lapetave</i> (only in Gāthā language cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 204) Ud.21.-- pp.<i>lapita</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>lapāpeti</i> DhA.II,157.(Page 581),6,1
  6372. 249378,en,15,lapeti,lāpeti,Lāpeti,Lāpeti:see <i>lapati</i> &#38; cp.upalāpeti.(Page 583),6,1
  6373. 249386,en,15,lapila,lapila,Lapila,Lapila,see <i>lambila</i>.(Page 581),6,1
  6374. 249388,en,15,lapin,lāpin,Lāpin,Lāpin,(--°) (adj.) [fr.<em> lap</em>] talking (silly) S.III,143 (bāla°).(Page 582),5,1
  6375. 249392,en,15,lapita,lapita,Lapita,Lapita,[pp.of lapati] talked,uttered,muttered It.98.(Page 581),6,1
  6376. 249409,en,15,lapu,lāpu,Lāpu,Lāpu,(f.) [short for <i>alāpu</i> or <i>âlābu</i>,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 39<sup>6</sup>] a kind of cucumber J.I,336,341.See also <i>lābuka</i>.<br><br> <i>--latā</i> the cucumber creeper or plant Miln.374.(Page 583),4,1
  6377. 249425,en,15,lasa,lāsa,Lāsa,Lāsa,[of <em>las</em>] sporting,dancing:see abhi°,vi°.(Page 583),4,1
  6378. 249430,en,15,lasagata,lasagata,Lasagata,Lasagata,(hattha) at A.II,165 is to be read (with v.l.) as lepagata,i.e.sticky (opp.suddha).(Page 582),8,1
  6379. 249444,en,15,lasati,lasati,Lasati,Lasati,[represents las to gleam,shine; sport,play; as well as laṣ to desire,long for.Cp.Lat.lascivus; Gr.lilai/omai; Goth.lustus=E.,Ger.lust etc.-- The Dhtp 324 defs.las as “kanti”] to desire,long; to dance,play,sport; to shine; to sound forth.See lāsana,abhilāsa,upaḷāseti,alasa,vilāsa.-- Caus.lāseti to sport,to amuse (oneself) Vin.II,10 (with vādeti,gāyati,naccati).(Page 582),6,1
  6380. 249463,en,15,laseti,lāseti,Lāseti,Lāseti,see <i>lasati</i>.(Page 583),6,1
  6381. 249474,en,15,lasi,lasī,Lasī,Lasī,(f.) [etym.?] brains J.I,493 (=matthalunga C.)= DhA.I,145.(Page 582),4,1
  6382. 249484,en,15,lasika,lasikā,Lasikā,Lasikā,(f.) [cp.Sk.*lasikā] the fluid which lubricates the joints,synovic fluid Vin.I,202; D.II,293; M.III,90; S.IV,111; Sn.196; J.I,146; Miln.382.In detail at Vism.264,362; VbhA.247.(Page 582),6,1
  6383. 249492,en,15,lasika,lāsikā,Lāsikā,Lāsikā,(f.) [fr.<em>las</em>] a dancer,Miln.331.(Page 583),6,1
  6384. 249509,en,15,lasuna,lasuṇa,Lasuṇa,Lasuṇa, &#38; Lasuna (nt.) [cp.Sk.laśuna] garlic Vin.II,140; IV,258; J.I,474; Vv 43<sup>6</sup>; VvA.186.(Page 582),6,1
  6385. 249551,en,15,lata,latā,Latā,Latā,(f.) [cp.Sk.latā,connected with Lat.lentus flexible; Ohg.lindi soft,E.lithe; also Ohg.lintea lime tree; Gr.e)lάth fir tree] 1.a slender tree,a creeping plant,creeper A.I,202 (māluvā°); Vv 35<sup>5</sup> (=vallī VvA.162); 47<sup>4</sup> (kosātakī l.); J.I,464 (rukkha°,here perhaps better “branch”); DhA.I,392 (°pasādhana:see under mahā°); Miln.253,351; VvA.12 (kappa°); PvA.51,121; Vism.183 (where the foll.kinds are given:lābu,kumbhaṇḍī,sāmā,kāḷavallī,pūtilatā).--nāga° the iron wood tree:see under nāga; pūti° a sort of creeper (q.v.).On latā in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,130.-- 2.(fig.) an epithet of taṇhā (greed),as much as it strangles its victim Dhs.1059,1136; Nett 24,121.-- 3.(fig.) streak,flash,in vijjul-latā flash of lightning J.I,103.<br><br> --kamma creeper-work (comb<sup>d</sup> with mālā-kamma) Vin.II,117,152.(Page 580),4,1
  6386. 249618,en,15,latthaka,laṭṭhaka,Laṭṭhaka,Laṭṭhaka,(adj.) [Kern,Toev.s.v.compares Sk.laṭaha,laḍaha,dialectical] beautiful,auspicious,lovely J.III,464,493; IV,1,477; DA.I,284.(Page 580),8,1
  6387. 249625,en,15,latthi,laṭṭhi,Laṭṭhi,Laṭṭhi,(f.) [Sk.yaṣṭi,with l for y; also in Prk.see Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 255 &#38; cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 46<sup>2</sup>.The doublet yaṭṭhi also in Pāli] 1.a staff,stick D.I,105 (patoda° goad),126 (id.); VvA.64 (id.); J.IV,310 (laṭṭhī hata= laṭṭhiyā hata G.); V,280; Miln.27.-- 2.stick of sugar cane (ucchu°) PvA.257.-- 3.sprout of a plant,offshoot J.III,161 (in simile); usually --°,as in aṅga° sprout ThA.226; dālika° of the d.creeper Th.2,297; beḷuva° of the Vilva tree KhA 118; sala° of the Sal tree A.II,200.Found also in names of places,as Laṭṭhivana (J.I,83 etc.).<br><br> --madhu(ka) “cane-honey,” i.e.liquorice J.IV,537; DhA.IV,171 (°ka).(Page 580),6,1
  6388. 249643,en,15,latthika,laṭṭhikā,Laṭṭhikā,Laṭṭhikā,(f.)=laṭṭhi,only in Npl.as --° (cp.laṭṭhi 3),e.g.Amba° the grove of mango sprouts DA.I,41.(Page 580),8,1
  6389. 249674,en,15,latukika,laṭukikā,Laṭukikā,Laṭukikā,(f.) [Dimin.fr.laṭvāka; dial.] the Indian quail,Perdix chinensis D.I,91; M.I,449 (l.sakuṇikā); J.III,44,174 sq.(quoted at SnA 358 &#38; DhA.I,55); V,121; Miln.202; DA.I,257.-- Cp.Cunningham,Bharhut Tope,p.58.(Page 580),8,1
  6390. 249699,en,15,lava,lava,Lava,Lava,[fr.lū] a small particle,a drop VvA.253 (lavaṅka a small mark); Sdhp.105 (°odaka).(Page 582),4,1
  6391. 249704,en,15,lavaka,lavaka,Lavaka,Lavaka,[fr.<em>lū</em>] a cutter,reaper SnA 148 (v.l.lāvaka).See lāvaka.(Page 582),6,1
  6392. 249708,en,15,lavaka,lāvaka,Lāvaka,Lāvaka,[fr.lāvati] a cutter,reaper Miln.33 (yava°); Mhvs 10,31; SnA 148 (v.l.BB.for lavaka).(Page 583),6,1
  6393. 249717,en,15,lavana,lavaṇa,Lavaṇa,Lavaṇa,(nt.) [cp.late Vedic lavaṇa,cp.Zimmer,Altind.Leben 54] salt,lotion Miln.112; Sdhp.158.See loṇa.(Page 582),6,1
  6394. 249728,en,15,lavana,lavana,Lavana,Lavana,(nt.) [fr.lunāti] cutting,reaping Miln.360.(Page 582),6,1
  6395. 249761,en,15,lavapeti,lavāpeti,Lavāpeti,Lavāpeti,Caus.of lunāti (q.v.).(Page 582),8,1
  6396. 249772,en,15,lavati,lāvati,Lāvati,Lāvati, &#38; Lāveti [the latter the usual form,as Caus.of lunāti.lāvati is the simple Pāli formation fr.<i>lū</i>.Another Caus.II.is <i>lavāpati</i> (q.v.).See also <i>lāyati</i>] to cut,to mow PvA.40 (lāvitvā),Mhvs 10,30 (lāvayati).(Page 583),6,1
  6397. 249796,en,15,laya,laya,Laya,Laya,[cp.Sk.laya:see līyati] 1.a brief measure of time,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with other expressions denoting a short moment,esp.frequent as <i>khaṇa laya muhutta</i> Vin.I,12; III,92; A.IV,137; cp.Dpvs.I,16 (khaṇe khaṇe laye Buddho sabbalokaṃ avekkhati).-- Vism.136 (īsakam pi layaṃ yantaṃ paggaṇheth’eva mānasaṃ).-- 2.time in music,equal time,rhythm Dāvs.IV,50; VvA.183 (dvādasannaṃ laya-bhedānaṃ vasena pabheda). <i>Laḷati </i>[<em>lal</em>,onomat;.cp.Lat.lallo “lull”; Sk.lalallā; Gr.laλos talkative; lalέw talk; Ger.lallen.The Dhtp distinguishes 2 roots:<em>lal</em> (=icchā) &#38; <em>laḷ</em> (=vilāsa &#38; upasevā)] to dally,sport,sing J.II,121 (ppr.laḷamānā); VvA.41 (laḷantī; with kīḷati),57 (id.).-- Caus.<i>laḷeti</i> J.I,362 (ppr.lāḷentā); Vism.365; cp.<i>upa°</i> -- pp.<i>laḷita:</i> see pa°.(Page 582),4,1
  6398. 249809,en,15,layaka,lāyaka,Lāyaka,Lāyaka,(-°) [fr.lāyati] cutter,reaper A.III,365=S.III,155 (read babbaja°).(Page 583),6,1
  6399. 249818,en,15,layana,lāyana,Lāyana,Lāyana,(nt.) [fr.lāyati] cutting J.V,45 (tiṇa-lāyana asi,sickle); DhA.III,285 (v.l.for dāyana).(Page 583),6,1
  6400. 249855,en,15,layita,lāyita,Lāyita,Lāyita,[pp.of lāyati,lāyeti] cut,reaped J.III,130 (tiṇaṃ na lāyita-pubbaṃ); Vism.419 (°ṭṭhāna place where one has reaped).(Page 583),6,1
  6401. 249877,en,15,leddu,leḍḍu,Leḍḍu,Leḍḍu,[dial.Sk.leṣṭu›*leṭṭhu›*leṭṭu›leḍḍu; also Prk.leḍu &#38; leṭṭhu:Pischel,§ 304; cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 62] a clod of earth S.V,146=J.II,59 (°ṭṭhāna); J.I,19,175; III,16; VI,405; Miln.255; SnA 222 (ākāse khitta,in simile); Vism.28 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “stone”),360 (°khaṇḍ’ādīni),366 (containing gold),419; VbhA.66 (°khaṇḍā); VvA.141; PvA.284.-- The throwing of clods (stones?) is a standing item in the infliction of punishments,where it is grouped with daṇḍa (stick) and sattha (sword),or as <i>leḍḍu-daṇḍ’ādi</i>,e.g.at M.I,123; D.II,336,338 (v.l.leṇḍu); J.II,77; III,16; VI,350; Vism.419; DhA.I,399 (v.l.leṇḍu); III,41; IV,77; VvA.141.-- Note.<i>leḍḍūpaka</i> in cuṇṇaṃ vā telaṃ vā leḍḍūpakena etc.at DhsA.115 read as <i>vālaṇḍupakena</i>,as at Vism.142.<br><br> <i>--pāta</i> “throw of a clod,” a certain measure of (not too far) a distance Vin.IV,40; Vism.72; DhsA.315 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “a stone’s throw”).(Page 586),5,1
  6402. 249885,en,15,ledduka,leḍḍuka,Leḍḍuka,Leḍḍuka,=leḍḍu; Vism.28.(Page 586),7,1
  6403. 249934,en,15,lehati,lehati,Lehati,Lehati,see <i>lihati</i>.(Page 586),6,1
  6404. 249948,en,15,lekha,lekha,Lekha,Lekha,[fr.<em>likh</em>,cp.Sk.lekha &#38; lekhā] 1.writing,inscription,letter,epistle J.VI,595 (silā° inscription on rock); Mhvs 5,177 (lekhe sutvā); 27,6; 33,40 (°ṃ vissajjayi); Dāvs 5,67 (cāritta°); Miln.42; SnA 164 (°vācāka reciting),577.-- 2.chips,shavings Vin.II,110 (v.l.likha).(Page 585),5,1
  6405. 249956,en,15,lekha,lekhā,Lekhā,Lekhā,(f.) [fr.<em>likh</em><i>;</i> Vedic lekhā.See also rekhā &#38; lekha] 1.streak,line VvA.277 (=rāji); <i>canda°</i> crescent moon [cp.Epic candralekhā Mbh 3,1831] Vism.168; DhsA.151.-- 2.a scratch,line A.I,283; Pug.32; J.VI,56 (lekhaṃ kaḍḍhati).-- 3.writing,inscription,letter Vin.III,76 (°ṃ chindati destroy the letter); J.I,451 (on a phalaka); Miln.349 (°ācariya teacher of writing); PvA.20 (°paṇṇa,letter so read for likhā°).-- 4.the art of writing or drawing [=lipi Hemacandra],writing as an art.It is classed as a respectable (ukkaṭṭha) profession (sippa) Vin.IV,7; and mentioned by the side of <i>muddā</i> and <i>gaṇanā</i> Vin.IV,7,128=I.77; cp.Vin.IV,305.(Page 586),5,1
  6406. 249985,en,15,lekhaka,lekhaka,Lekhaka,Lekhaka,[fr.lekha] one who knows the art of writing,a scribe,secretary Vin.IV,8 (as a profession); IV,10 (=muddikā &#38; gaṇakā,pl.); Miln.42.(Page 585),7,1
  6407. 250002,en,15,lekhana,lekhana,Lekhana,Lekhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>likh</em>] scratching,drawing,writing Dhtp 467.(Page 586),7,1
  6408. 250014,en,15,lekhani,lekhaṇī,Lekhaṇī,Lekhaṇī,(f.) [fr.<em>likh</em><i>;</i> cp.Epic Sk.lekhaṇī stencil Mbh 1,78] an instrument for scratching lines or writing,a stencil,pencil A.II,200; J.I,230.(Page 585),7,1
  6409. 250062,en,15,lekheti,lekheti,Lekheti,Lekheti,[Caus.of likhati or denom.of lekha] to (make a) scratch J.IV,402.-- pp.<i>lekhita</i>.(Page 586),7,1
  6410. 250069,en,15,lekhita,lekhita,Lekhita,Lekhita,[pp.of lekheti] drawn (of lines),pencilled Th.2,256.(Page 586),7,1
  6411. 250081,en,15,lena,leṇa,Leṇa,Leṇa,( &#38; lena) (nt.) [*Sk.layana,fr.<em>lī</em> in meaning “to hide,” cp.Prk.leṇa] 1.a cave (in a rock),a mountain cave,used by ascetics (or bhikkhus) as a hermitage or place of shelter,a rock cell.Often enum<sup>d</sup> with <i>kuṭi </i>&<i> guhā</i>,e.g.Vin.IV,48; Miln.151; Vbh.251 (n.).At Vin.II,146 it is given as collective name for 5 kinds of hermitages,viz.vihāra,aḍḍhayoga,pāsāda,hammiya,guhā.The expl<sup>n</sup> of leṇa at VbhA.366 runs as follows:“pabbataṃ khaṇitvā vā pabbhārassa appahonakaṭṭhāne kuḍḍaṃ uṭṭhāpetvā vā katasenāsanaṃ,” i.e.opportunity for sitting &#38; lying made by digging (a cave) in a mountain or by erecting a wall where the cave is insufficient (so as to make the rest of it habitable).Cp.Vin.I,206=III,248 (pabbhāraṃ sodhāpeti leṇaṃ kattukāmo) Mhvs 16,12; 28,31 sq.(n); Miln.200 (mahā°).-- 2.refuge,shelter,(fig.) salvation (sometimes in sense of <i>nibbāna</i>).In this meaning often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>tāṇa </i>&<i> saraṇa</i>,e.g.at D.I,95; S.IV,315 (maṃ-leṇa refuge with me;+<i>maṃtāṇa</i>); IV,372 (=nibbāna); A.I,155 sq.(n); J.II,253; DA.I,232.Cp.Vin.III,155.<i>leṇ’atthaṃ</i> for refuge Vin.II,164 (n); J.I,94.--<i>aleṇa</i> without a refuge Ps.I,127; II,238; Pv.II,2<sup>5</sup> (=asaraṇa PvA.80).<br><br> <i>--gavesin</i> seeking shelter or refuge J.II,407=IV.346.<i>--guhā</i> a mountain cave J.III,511.<i>--dvāra</i> the door of the (rock) hermitage Vism.38; DhA.III,39.<i>--pabbhāra</i> “cave-slope,” cave in a mountain DhA.IV,170.(Page 586),4,1
  6412. 250149,en,15,lepa,lepa,Lepa,Lepa,[fr.<em>lip</em>,see limpati; cp.Classic Sk.lepa stain,dirt] 1.smearing,plastering,coating over Vin.IV,303 (bāhira°); J.II,25 (mattikā°).-- 2.(fig.) plaster,i.e.that which sticks,affection,attachment,etc.,in <i>taṇhā°</i> the stain of craving, &#38; <i>diṭṭhi°</i> of speculation Nd<sup>1</sup> 55; Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>III,</SUP> -- Note.<i>lasagata</i> at A.II,165 read with v.l.as <i>lepa-gata</i>,i.e.sticky.-- Cp.<i>ā°</i>,<i> pa°</i> (Page 586),4,1
  6413. 250184,en,15,lepana,lepana,Lepana,Lepana,(nt.) [fr.<em>lip</em>] smearing,plastering,anointing Vin.II,172 (kuḍḍa°); A.IV,107 (vāsana°),111 (id.); J.II,117.Cp.abhi°,ā°,pa° (Page 586),6,1
  6414. 250225,en,15,lepeti,lepeti,Lepeti,Lepeti,see <i>limpati</i>.(Page 586),6,1
  6415. 250242,en,15,lesa,lesa,Lesa,Lesa,[cp.Sk.leśa particle; as Kern,Toev.s.v.points out,it occurs in Sk.also in the P.meaning at Mbh V,33,5 although this is not given in BR.-- As “particle” only at Dhtp 444 in def<sup>n</sup> of lisati] sham,pretext,trick Vin.III,169 (where ten lesas are enum<sup>d</sup>,viz.jāti°,nāma°,gotta°,linga°,āpatti°,patta°,cīvara°,upajjhāya°,ācariya°,senāsana°); J.II,11; VI,402.--<i>lesa-kappa</i> pretext Vin.II,166; Vv 84<sup>43</sup> (=kappiya-lesa VvA.348); Th.1,941; DA.I,103.(Page 586),4,1
  6416. 250297,en,15,leyya,leyya,Leyya,Leyya,(adj.nt.) [grd.of <em>lih</em><i>:</i> see lihati] to be licked or sipped; nt.mucilaginous food (opp.peyya liquid) A.IV,394 (+peyya); Miln.2 (id.).(Page 586),5,1
  6417. 250377,en,15,lihati,lihati,Lihati,Lihati,[<em>lih</em>,Sk.leḍhi or līḍhe,also lihati.Cp.Lat.lingo,Gr.lei/xw; Goth.bilaigōn,Ags.liccian=E.lick,Ger.lecken.-- The Dhtp 335 expl<sup>s</sup> <em>lih</em> by “assādane,” i.e.taste] to lick; pres.<i>lehati</i> J.II,44; aor.<i>lehayiṃsu</i> PvA.198 (v.l.for palahiṃsu).Cp.parilehisaṃ Vv 81<sup>21</sup>; VvA.316; ger.<i>lehitvā</i> DA.I,136 (sarīraṃ); VvA.314.‹-› pp.<i>līḷha</i> (?).Cp.<i>leyya</i>.(Page 584),6,1
  6418. 250393,en,15,likha,likhā,Likhā,Likhā,in <i>likhā-paṇṇa</i> at PvA.20 is faulty for lekhā° (lekha°) letter,cp.lekha-pattra letter Mālatīm 172,<i>7</i>.(Page 583),5,1
  6419. 250399,en,15,likhana,likhana,Likhana,Likhana,(nt.) [cp.late Sk.likhana; fr.<em>likh</em>] scratching,cutting,writing J.V,59 (a golden tablet for writing on).Cp.<i>ullikhana</i>.(Page 583),7,1
  6420. 250449,en,15,likhati,likhati,Likhati,Likhati,<i> </i>[<em>likh</em><i>;</i> Vedic likhati,also <em>rikh</em> in Ved.ārikhati (R.V,VI,53,7),cp.with palatal riśati,liśati.Connected with Gr.e)rei/kw to tear; Lith.rë̃kti to cut bread,to plough; Ohg.rīga=Ags.rāw=E.row.-- Dhtp 467 simply expl<sup>s</sup> by “lekhane”] 1.to scratch; to cut,carve; write,inscribe M.I,127 (rūpāni); J.II,372 (suvaṇṇa-patte); IV,257 (id.),488,489 (jāti-hingulakena); DhA.I,182; PvA.145 (nāmaṃ likhi wrote his name).--<i>paṇṇaṃ</i> l.to write a letter J.II,174; VI,369 (paṇṇe on a leaf).-- 2.to shave (off),plane Vin.II,112 (inf.likhituṃ).-- pp.<i>likhita</i>.-- Cp.vi.° -- Caus.I.<i>lekheti</i> (q.v.).Caus.II.<i>likhāpeti</i> to cause to be cut or carved [cp.BSk.likhāpayati Divy 547] Vin.II,110; SnA 577; to cause to be written Miln.42.(Page 583),7,1
  6421. 250473,en,15,likhita,likhita,Likhita,Likhita,[pp.of likhati] 1.carved,cut,worked (in ivory etc.),in cpd.<i>saṅkha° brahmacariya</i> the moral life,like a polished shell D.I,63; S.II,219,expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,181 as “likhita-saṅkha-sadisa dhota-saṅkha-sappaṭibhāga.”‹-› 2.written,inscribed J.IV,7 (likhitāni akkharāni); Miln.42 (lekha l.).-- 3.made smooth,shaved J.VI,482 (cāpa).-- 4.marked,proscribed,made an outlaw Vin.I,75.‹-› Cp.<i>ullikhita</i>.(Page 584),7,1
  6422. 250486,en,15,likhitaka,likhitaka,Likhitaka,Likhitaka,(adj.) [likhita+qualifying ending ka] one who has been proscribed,an outlaw Vin.I,75 (cora).(Page 584),9,1
  6423. 250530,en,15,likkha,likkhā,Likkhā,Likkhā,(f.) [*Sk.likṣā egg of a louse,as measure equal to 8 trasareṇu (BR.).-- Connected with Lat.ricinus a kind of vermin (see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.)] a kind of measure VbhA.343 (36 rattareṇus equal to one likkhā,7 likkhās equal to 1 ūkā); KhA 43 (°matta).(Page 583),6,1
  6424. 250553,en,15,lila,līlā,Līlā,Līlā,(līḷā) (f.) [cp.Epic Sk.līlā or *līḍā] play,sport,dalliance; probably for līḷhā at J.V,5 &#38; 157,both times comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>vilāsa</i>.<br><br> <i>--aravinda</i> a lotus serviceable for sport VvA.43 (līḷ°).(Page 584),4,1
  6425. 250577,en,15,lilha,līḷhā,Līḷhā,Līḷhā,(f.) [abstr.of līḷha,Sk.līḍha,pp.of <em>lih</em>,lit.being polished,cp.ullīḍha polished] grace,ease,charm,adroitness; always used with ref.to the Buddha (Buddhalīḷhā),e.g.J.I,155; DhA.I,33; III,79.So in phrase <i>Buddhalīḷhāya dhammaṃ deseti</i> “to expound the doctrine with the Buddha’s mastery” J.I,152,155; III,289; VvA.217 (spelling wrongly līḷāya).Of the B’s gait:J.I,93,149; DhA.II,41.The comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>vilāsa</i>,as mentioned by Childers,applies to <i>līlā</i> (q.v.),which may stand for <i>līḷhā</i> at the passages mentioned,although not used of the Buddha.(Page 584),5,1
  6426. 250586,en,15,limpana,limpana,Limpana,Limpana,(nt.) [fr.<em>lip</em>] soiling,smearing Dhtp 385.(Page 584),7,1
  6427. 250614,en,15,limpati,limpati,Limpati,Limpati,<i> </i>[<em>lip</em>,cp.repa stain,lepa ointment,stain; Gr.li/pos grease,fat,liparόs fat,a)lei/fw to anoint; Lat.lippus; Lith.limpû to stick,Goth.bi-leiban,Ohg.bilīban to stay behind,to stay,E.leave &#38; live,Ger.leben.The Dhtp (385) simply expl<sup>s</sup> by “limpana”] to smear,plaster,stain; usually in pass.(or med.) sense “to get soiled,to dirty oneself” Th.2,388; PvA.215.Doubtful in Sn.passages,where both <i>limpati </i>&<i> lippati</i> are found as readings,e.g.Sn.778 in Text lippati,but Niddesa reading limpati (Nd<sup>1</sup> 55); Sn.811 lipp°,Nd<sup>1</sup> 133 limp°; Sn.1040,1042 lipp°,Nd<sup>2</sup> 549 limp.° -- Pass.<i>lippati</i> to be soiled (by),to get stained (in character) Sn.250,547,625,778,913,1040; cp.Sn.71 (alippamāna ppr.).-- pp.<i>litta:</i> see ava°,ul°,vi.° -- Cp.also ālimpeti,palimpeti,vilimpati.-- Caus.I.<i>lepeti</i> to cause to be plastered J.VI,432.-- Caus.II.<i>limpāpeti</i> to cause to be plastered or anointed Mhvs 34,42 (cetiyaṃ °āpetvāna).(Page 584),7,1
  6428. 250671,en,15,lina,līna,Līna,Līna,[pp.of līyati] clinging,sticking; slow,sluggish; shy,reserved,dull,A.I,3; Vism.125.Definitions at Vbh.352,373; Dhs.1156,1236; S.V,277,279 (ati°).Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>uddhata</i> as “sluggish or shy” and “unbalanced,” e.g.at S.V,112; Vism.136; VbhA.310.<i>alīna</i> active,open,sincere Sn.68 (°citta),717 (id.); J.I,22 (v.148; °viriya sīha).(Page 584),4,1
  6429. 250712,en,15,linata,līnatā,Līnatā,Līnatā,(f.) [abstr.formation fr.līna instead of līy°]= līyanā Vism.469.<i>alīnatā</i> open-mindedness,sincerity J.I,366; SnA 122.(Page 584),6,1
  6430. 250722,en,15,linatta,līnatta,Līnatta,Līnatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.līna] sluggishness,shyness; only in phrase <i>cetaso līnattaṃ</i> immobility of mind S.V,64,103; A.I,3=IV.32; V,145 sq.; Nett 86,108; VbhA.272 (=cittassa līn’ākāra).(Page 584),7,1
  6431. 250764,en,15,linga,liṅga,Liṅga,Liṅga,(nt.) [fr.<em>liṅg</em><i>;</i> late Vedic &#38; (pre-eminently) Class.Sk.linga] 1.characteristic,sign,attribute,mark,feature M.I,360; S.V,278; Sn.601 sq.(=saṇṭhāna SnA 464); Vin.IV,7 (two:hīna &#38; ukkaṭṭha); J.I,18; IV,114 (gihi°),130; Miln.133 (sāsana°),162 (dve samaṇassa lingāni),405 (lingato ca nimittato ca etc.); Vism.184; DhsA.64 (=saṇṭhāna Tīkā:Expos.86).-- 2.mark of sex,sexual characteristic,pudendum (male as well as female,as neither m.nor f.) Vin.III,35 (purisa°); J.V,197 (°saṇṭhāna); KhA 110 (itthi°); SnA 48 (°sampatti),51 (id.),300 (itthi°); DhsA.321 sq.(itthi°).-- 3.(in grammar) mark of sex,(characteristic) ending,gender SnA 397.<i>°vipallāsa</i> change or substitution of gender PvA.7,33,58,87,157.(Page 584),5,1
  6432. 250794,en,15,lingala,liṅgāla,Liṅgāla,Liṅgāla,[cp.Sk.lingālikā a kind of mouse] antelope (?) Pgdp 10.(Page 584),7,1
  6433. 250910,en,15,lingeti,liṅgeti,Liṅgeti,Liṅgeti,[denom.fr.<em>liṅg</em>] 1.to embrace,in poet.ger.<i>liṅgiya</i> (as if fr.lingati) Th.2,398 (=ālingetvā ThA.260).See ā°.-- 2.to characterize:see ul°.(Page 584),7,1
  6434. 250920,en,15,lingika,liṅgika,Liṅgika,Liṅgika,(adj.) [fr.linga] having or being a characteristic Vism.210 (of nāma); KhA 107 (id.).(Page 584),7,1
  6435. 250943,en,15,lipi,lipi,Lipi,Lipi,[fr.<em>lip</em><i>;</i> late Sk.lipi] the alphabet; a letter of the alphabet; writing Miln.79.(Page 584),4,1
  6436. 250969,en,15,lisati,lisati,Lisati,Lisati,[cp.dial.Sk.liśate=Vedic riśate] to break off,tear off,pull; only at Dhtp 444 expl<sup>d</sup> by “lesa.” (Page 584),6,1
  6437. 250997,en,15,liyana,līyana,Līyana,Līyana,(nt.) [fr.līyati] sticking to,adhering,resting Sdhp.190 (°ṭṭhāna resting-place).(Page 584),6,1
  6438. 251001,en,15,liyana,līyanā,Līyanā,Līyanā,(f.)=līyana; cleaving to,sluggishness,shyness Dhs.1156.(Page 584),6,1
  6439. 251015,en,15,liyati,līyati,Līyati,Līyati,[<em>lī</em>,Vedic līyati; <i>*lei</i> to stick to or cleave:see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.lino,which he separates in meaning fr.<i>*lei</i> to smear,polish] to stick.The Dhtp evidently favours the separation when interpreting <em>lī</em> by “silesana-dravīkaraṇa,” i.e.to make slip or run (Dhtp 441; Dhtm 681)] 1.to stick,adhere,cling to:see cpds.all°,o°,ni°,paṭisal°.-- 2.to melt,slip:see cpd.pavi° (to dissolve).-- pp.<i>līna</i>.(Page 584),6,1
  6440. 251020,en,15,liyati,ḷīyati,Ḷīyati,Ḷīyati,is given at Dhtp 361 as a variant of ḍī to fly (see ḍeti),and expl<sup>d</sup> as “ākāsa-gamana.” Similarly at Dhtm 586 as “vehāsa-gamana.” (Page 590),6,1
  6441. 251026,en,15,liyitatta,līyitatta,Līyitatta,Līyitatta,(nt.) [abstr.formation after similar synonymical chains,like bhāvitatta]=līyanā Dhs.1156.(Page 584),9,1
  6442. 251039,en,15,lobha,lobha,Lobha,Lobha,[cp.Vedic &#38; Epic Sk.lobha; fr.<em>lubh</em><i>:</i> see lubbhati] covetousness,greed.Defined at Vism.468 as “lubbhanti tena,sayaṃ vā lubbhati,lubbhana-mattam eva vā taṃ,” with several comparisons following.‹-› Often found in triad of <i>lobha</i>,<i> dosa</i>,<i> moha</i> (greed,anger,bewilderment,forming the three principles of demerit:see kusala-mūla),e.g.at A.IV,96; It.83,84; Vism.116; Dukp 9,18 sq.See <i>dosa </i>&<i> moha</i>.-- D.III,214,275; S.I,16,43,63,123 (bhava°); V,88; A.I,64 (°kkhaya),160 (visama°),cp.D.III,70 sq.; II,67; Sn.367,371,537 (°kodha),663,706,864,941 (°pāpa); Nd<sup>1</sup> 15,16,261; J.IV,11 (kodha,dosa,l.); Dhs.982,1059; Vbh.208,341,381,402; Nett 13,27; Vism.103; VbhA.18; PvA.7,13,17,89 (+dosa),102; VvA.14; Sdhp.52 (°moha),266.--<i>alobha</i> disinterestedness D.III,214; Dhs.32.<br><br> <i>--dhammā</i> (pl.) affection of greed,things belonging to greed; (adj.) (of) greedy character M.I,91; III,37; D.I,224,230; S.IV,111; A.III,350; J.IV,11.<i>--mūla</i> the root of greed Vism.454 (eightfold; with dosa-mūla &#38; moha-mūla).(Page 588),5,1
  6443. 251121,en,15,lobhana,lobhana,Lobhana,Lobhana,(nt.) [fr.lobha] being greedy Th.2,343 (=lobh’uppāda ThA.240).(Page 588),7,1
  6444. 251142,en,15,lobhaniya,lobhaniya,Lobhaniya,Lobhaniya,<i>(Lobhanīya</i>,<i> Lobhaneyya) </i>(adj.) [grd.formation fr.lobha] 1.belonging to greed “of the nature of greed” causing greed It.84 (°eyya).See <i>rajaniya</i>.-- 2.desirable Miln.361 (paduma).(Page 588),9,1
  6445. 251252,en,15,locaka,locaka,Locaka,Locaka,(adj.) [fr.<em>Loc.</em> Caus.of <em>luñc</em>; cp.Sk.luñcaka] one who pulls out D.I,167 (kesa-massu°,habit of cert.ascetics); M.I,308 (id.).(Page 588),6,1
  6446. 251263,en,15,locana,locana,Locana,Locana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>Loc.</em> Caus.of luñcati] pulling,tearing out D.I,167 (kesa-massu°); A.I,296; Pug.55.(Page 588),6,1
  6447. 251264,en,15,locana,locana,Locana,Locana,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>loc</em> or <em>lok</em> to see; Dhtp 532 &#38; Dhtm 766:<em>loc</em>= dassana] the eye; adj.(-°) having eyes.(of ...) Pv.I,11<sup>5</sup> (miga-manda°); PvA.57,90 (pingala°).(Page 588),6,1
  6448. 251282,en,15,loceti,loceti,Loceti,Loceti,see <i>luñcati</i>.(Page 588),6,1
  6449. 251288,en,15,lodda,lodda,Lodda,Lodda,[cp.*Sk.rodhra; on sound changes see Geiger,P.Gr.44,62<sup>2</sup>] N.of a tree J.V,405; VI,497.(Page 588),5,1
  6450. 251300,en,15,loha,loha,Loha,Loha,(nt.) [Cp.Vedic loha,of Idg.<i>*(e)reudh</i> “red”; see also rohita &#38; lohita] metal,esp.copper,brass or bronze.It is often used as a general term &#38; the individual application is not always sharply defined.Its comprehensiveness is evident from the classification of <i>loha</i> at VbhA.63,where it is said lohan ti <i>jātilohaṃ</i>,<i> vijāti°</i>,<i> kittima°</i>,<i> pisāca°</i> or natural metal,produced metal,artificial (i.e.alloys), &#38; metal from the Pisāca district.Each is subdivided as follows:<i>jāti°</i>=ayo,sajjhaṃ,suvaṇṇaṃ,tipu,sīsaṃ,tambalohaṃ,vekantakalohaṃ; <i>vijāti°</i>=nāga-nāsika°; <i>kittima°</i>=kaṃsalohaṃ,vaṭṭa°,ārakūṭaṃ; <i>pisāca°</i>=morakkhakaṃ,puthukaṃ,malinakaṃ,capalakaṃ,selakaṃ,āṭakaṃ,bhallakaṃ,dūsilohan.The description ends “Tesu pañca jātilohāni pāḷiyaṃ visuṃ vuttān’eva (i.e.the first category are severally spoken of in the Canon).Tambalohaṃ vekantakan ti imehi pana dvīhi jātilohehi saddhiṃ sesaṃ sabbam pi idha lohan ti veditabbaṃ.” -- On <i>loha</i> in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,131.Cp.A.III,16=S.V,92 (five alloys of gold:ayo,loha,tipu,sīsaṃ,sajjhaṃ); J.V,45 (asi°); Miln.161 (suvaṇṇam pi jātivantaṃ lohena bhijjati); PvA.44,95 (tamba°=loha),221 (tatta-loha-secanaṃ pouring out of boiling metal,one of the five ordeals in Niraya).<br><br> <i>--kaṭāha</i> a copper (brass) receptacle Vin.II,170.<i>--kāra</i> a metal worker,coppersmith,blacksmith Miln.331.<i>--kumbhī</i> an iron cauldron Vin.II,170.Also N.of a purgatory J.III,22,43; IV,493; V,268; SnA 59,480; Sdhp.195.<i>--guḷa</i> an iron (or metal) ball A.IV,131; Dh.371 (mā °ṃ gilī pamatto; cp.DhA.IV,109).<i>--jāla</i> a copper (i.e.wire) netting PvA.153.<i>--thālaka</i> a copper bowl Nd<sup>1</sup> 226.<i>--thāli</i> a bronze kettle DhA.I,126.<i>--pāsāda</i> “copper terrace,” brazen palace,N.of a famous monastery at Anurādhapura in Ceylon Vism.97; DA.I,131; Mhvs passim.<i>--piṇḍa</i> an iron ball SnA 225.<i>--bhaṇḍa</i> copper (brass) ware Vin.II,135.<i>--maya</i> made of copper,brazen Sn.670; Pv.II,6<sup>4</sup>.<i>--māsa</i> a copper bean Nd<sup>1</sup> 448 (suvaṇṇa-channa).<i>--māsaka</i> a small copper coin KhA 37 (jatu-māsaka,dāru-māsaka+); DhsA.318.<i>--rūpa</i> a bronze statue Mhvs 36,31.<i>--salākā</i> a bronze gong-stick Vism.283.(Page 589),4,1
  6451. 251515,en,15,lohata,lohatā,Lohatā,Lohatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.loha] being a metal,in (suvaṇṇassa) aggalohatā the fact of gold being the best metal VvA.13.(Page 589),6,1
  6452. 251568,en,15,lohita,lohita,Lohita,Lohita,(adj.-nt.) [cp.Vedic lohita &#38; rohita; see also P.rohita “red”] 1.(adj.) red:rarely by itself (e.g.M.II,17),usually in cpds.e.g.<i>°abhijāti</i> the red species (q.v.) A.III,383; <i>°kasiṇa</i> the artifice of red D.III,268; A.I,41; Dhs.203; Vism.173; <i>°candana</i> red sandal (unguent) Miln.191.Otherwise <i>rohita</i>.-- 2.(nt.) blood; described in detail as one of the 32 ākāras at KhA 54 sq.; Vism.261,360; VbhA.245.-- Vin.I,203 (āmaka°),205 (°ṃ mocetuṃ); A.IV,135 (saṭṭhi-mattānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ uṇhaṃ l.mukhato uggañchi; cp.the similar passage at Miln.165); Sn.433; Pv.I,6<sup>7</sup>; I,9<sup>1</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>ruhira</i> PvA.44); Vism.261 (two kinds; <i>sannicita°</i> and <i>saṃsaraṇa°</i>),409 (the colour of the heartblood in relation to states of mind); VbhA.66; PvA.56,78,110.<br><br> <i>--akkha</i> having red (blood-shot) eyes (of snakes &#38; yakkhas) Vv 52<sup>2</sup> (cp.VvA.224:ratta-nayanā; yakkhānaṃ hi nettāni ati-lohitāni honti); J.VI,180.<i>--uppāda</i> (the crime of) wounding A Tathāgata,one of the anantariya-kammas VbhA.427; cp.Tathāgatassa lohitaṃ uppādeti Miln.214.<i>--uppādaka</i> one who sheds the blood of an Arahant Vin.I,89,136,320; V,222.<i>--kumbhi</i> a receptacle for blood Ud.17 (with ref.to the womb).<i>--doṇi</i> a bloody trough Vism.358; VbhA.62.<i>--pakkhandikā</i> (or °pakkhandik’ābādha) bloody diarrhœa,dysentery M.I,316; D.II,127; Ud.82; J.II,213; Miln.134,175; DhA.III,269.<i>--homa</i> a sacrifice of blood D.I,9; DA.I,93.(Page 589),6,1
  6453. 251632,en,15,lohitaka,lohitaka,Lohitaka,Lohitaka,(adj.) [fr.lohita] 1.red M.II,14; A.IV,306,349; Ap.1; Dhs.247,617.<i>--°upadhāna</i> a red pillow D.I,7; A.I,137; III,50; IV,94,231,394; <i>°sāli</i> red rice Miln.252.-- 2.bloody Pv.I,7<sup>8</sup> (pūti° gabbha); Vism.179,194.(Page 590),8,1
  6454. 251752,en,15,lohitanka,lohitaṅka,Lohitaṅka,Lohitaṅka,[lohita+aṅka] a ruby A.IV,199,203; Ap 2; Vv 36<sup>3</sup>; VvA.304.See <i>masāragalla</i> for further refs.‹-› Note.The word is not found in Vedic and Class.Sk.; a later term for “ruby” is <i>lohitaka</i>.In the older language <i>lohitāṅga</i> denotes the planet Mars.(Page 590),9,1
  6455. 251920,en,15,loka,loka,Loka,Loka,[cp.Vedic loka in its oldest meaning “space,open space.” For etym.see <i>rocati</i>.To the etym.feeling of the Pāli hearer loka is closely related in quality to <i>ruppati</i> (as in pop.etym.of <i>rūpa</i>) and <i>rujati</i>.As regards the latter the etym.runs “lujjati kho loko ti vuccati” S.IV,52,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 550,and loka=lujjana DhsA.47,308:see lujjana.The Dhtp 531 gives root <em>lok</em><i> (</i><em>loc</em><i>)</i> in sense of <i>dassana</i>] world,primarily “visible world,” then in general as “space or sphere of creation,” with var.degrees of substantiality.Often (unspecified) in the comprehensive sense of “universe.” Sometimes the term is applied collectively to the creatures inhabiting this or var.other worlds,thus,“man,mankind,people,beings.” -- <i>Loka</i> is not a fixed &#38; def.term.It comprises immateriality as well as materiality and emphasizes either one or the other meaning according to the view applied to the object or category in question.Thus a trsl<sup>n</sup> of “sphere,plane,division,order” interchanges with “world.” Whenever the spatial element prevails we speak of its “regional” meaning as contrasted with “applied” meaning.The fundamental notion however is that of substantiality,to which is closely related the specific Buddhist notion of impermanence (loka=lujjati).-- 1.Universe:the distinctions between the universe (cp.cakkavāḷa) as a larger whole and the world as a smaller unit are fluctuating &#38; not definite.A somewhat wider sphere is perhaps indicated by <i>sabba-loka</i> (e.g.S.I,12; IV,127,312; V,132; It.122; Mhvs 1,44; cp.<i>sabbāvanta</i> loka D.I,251; III,224),otherwise even the smaller loka comprises var.realms of creation.Another larger division is that of loka as <i>sadevaka</i>,<i> samāraka</i>,<i> sabrahmaka</i>,or the world with its devas,its Māra and its Brahmā,e.g.S.I,160,168,207; II,170; III,28,59; IV,158; V,204; A.I,259 sq.; II,24 sq.; III,341; IV,56,173; V,50; It.121; Nd<sup>1</sup> 447 (on Sn.956),to which is usually added <i>sassamaṇa-brāhmaṇī pajā</i> (e.g.D.I,250,see loci s.v.pajā).With this cp.Dh.45,where the divisions are <i>paṭhavī</i>,<i> Yamaloka</i>,<i> sadevaka</i> (loka),which are expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.I,334 by paṭhavī=attabhāva; Yamaloka=catubbidha apāyaloka; sadevaka=manussaloka devalokena saddhiṃ.-- The universe has its evolutional periods:<i>saṃvaṭṭati</i> and <i>vivaṭṭati</i> D.II,109 sq.The Buddha has mastered it by his enlightenment:loko Tathāgatena abhisambuddho It.121.On loka,lokadhātu (=cosmos) and cakkavāḷa cp.Kirfel,Kosmographie p.180,181.‹-› 2.Regional meaning.-- (a) in general.Referring to this world,the character of evanescence is inherent in it; referring to the universe in a wider sense,it implies infinity,though not in definite terms.There is mention of the different metaphysical theories as regards cosmogony at many places of the Canon.The <i>antânantikā</i> (contending for the finitude or otherwise of the world) are mentioned as a sect at D.I,22 sq.Discus‹-› sions as to whether loka is <i>sassata</i> or <i>antavā</i> are found e.g.at M.I,426,484; II,233; S.III,182,204; IV,286 sq.; A.II,41; V,31,186 sq.; Ps.I,123,151 sq.; Vbh.340; Dhs.1117.Views on consistency of the world (eternal or finite; created or evolved etc.) at D.III,137; cp.S.II,19 sq.Cp.also the long and interesting discussion of loka as <i>suñña</i> at S.IV,54 sq.; Ps.II,177 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 680; -- as well as M.II,68 (upanīyati loko addhuvo,and “attāṇo loko,assakoloko” etc.); “lokassa anto” is lit.unattainable:A.II,50=S.I,62; IV,93; but the Arahant is “lok’antagū,” cp.A.IV,430.-- As regards their order in space (or “plane”) there are var.groupings of var.worlds,the evidently popular one being that the world of the <i>devas</i> is above and the <i>nirayas</i> below the world of man (which is “tiriyaṃ vâpi majjhe”):Nd<sup>2</sup> 550.The world of men is as <i>ayaṃ loko</i> contrasted with the beyond,or <i>paro loko:</i> D.III,181; S.IV,348 sq.; A.I,269; IV,226; Sn.779 (n’āsiṃsati lokaṃ imaṃ parañ ca); or as <i>idhaloka</i> D.III,105.The def<sup>n</sup> of <i>ayaṃ loko</i> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 60 is given as:sak’attabhāva,saka-rūpa-vedanā etc.,ajjhatt’āyatanāni,manussa-loka,kāmadhātu; with which is contrasted <i>paro loko</i> as:parattabhāva,para-rūpavedanā,bāhir’āyatanāni,devaloka,rūpa- &#38; arūpadhātu.-- The rise and decay of this world is referred to as <i>samudaya</i> and <i>atthaṅgama</i> at S.II,73; III,135; IV,86; A.V,107.-- Cp.D.III,33 (attā ca loko ca); Mhvs 1,5 (lokaṃ dukkhā pamocetuṃ); 28,4 (loko ‘yaṃ pīḷito); PvA.1 (vijjā-caraṇa-sampannaṃ yena nīyanti lokato).-- Other divisions of var.kinds of “planes” are e.g.<i>deva°</i> A.I,115,153; III,414 sq.; <i>Brahma°</i> Vbh.421; Mhvs 19,45; <i>Yama°</i> Dh.44; S.I,34; <i>nara°</i> Mhvs 5,282.See also each sep.head-word,also <i>peta° </i>&<i> manussa°</i>.‹-› The division at Nd<sup>1</sup> 550 is as follows:niraya°,tiracchāna°,pittivisaya°,manussa°,deva° (=material); upon which follow khandha°,dhātu°,āyatana° (=immaterial).Similarly at Nd<sup>1</sup> 29,where <i>apāya°</i> takes the place of niraya°,tiracchāna°,pittivisaya°.-- Another threefold division is <i>saṅkhāra°</i>,<i> satta°</i>,<i> okāsa°</i> at Vism.204,with expl<sup>ns</sup>:“sabbe sattā āhāra-ṭṭhitikā” ti= saṅkhāraloka; “sassato loko ti vā asassato loko” ti= sattaloka; “yāvatā candima-suriyā pariharanti disā ‘bhanti virocamānā” etc.(=M.I,328; A.I,227; cp.J.I,132) =okāsaloka.The same expl<sup>n</sup> in detail at SnA 442.-- Another as <i>kāma°</i>,<i> rūpa°</i>,<i> arūpa°:</i> see under rūpa; another as <i>kilesa°</i>,<i> bhava°</i>,<i> indriya°</i> at Nett 11,19.Cp.saṅkhāra-loka VbhA.456; dasa lokadhātuyo (see below) S.I,26.-- 3.Ordinary &#38; applied meaning.-- (a) division of the world,worldly things S.I,1,24 (loke visattikā attachment to this world; opp.sabba-loke anabhirati S.V,132).--<i>loke</i> in this world,among men,here D.III,196 (ye nibbutā loke); It.78 (loke uppajjati); DA.I,173 (id.); Vbh.101 (yaṃ loke piya-rūpaṃ etc.); Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup> (=idaṃ C.); KhA 15,215.See also the diff.def<sup>ns</sup> of loke at Nd<sup>2</sup> 552.-- <i>loka</i> collectively “one,man”:kicchaṃ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca,etc.D.II,30.Also “people”:Laṅka-loka people of Ceylon Mhvs 19,85; cp.<i>jana</i> in similar meaning.Derived from this meaning is the use in cpds.(°-) as “usual,every day,popular,common”:see e.g.°āyata,°vajja,°vohāra.-- (b) “thing of the world,” material element,physical or worldly quality,sphere or category (of “materiality”).This category of <i>loka</i> is referred to at Vbh.193,which is expl<sup>d</sup> at VbhA.220 as follows:“ettha yo ayaṃ ajjhatt’ādi bhedo kāyo pariggahīto,so eva idha-loko nāma.” In this sense 13 groups are classified according to the number of constituents in each group (1--12 and No.18); they are given at Nd<sup>2</sup> 551 (under lokantagū Sn.1133) as follows:(1) bhavaloka; (2) sampatti bhavaloka,vipatti bhavaloka; (3) vedanā; (4) āhārā; (5) upādāna-kkhandhā; (6) ajjhattikāni āyatanāni (their rise &#38; decay as “lokassa samudaya &#38; atthaṅgama” at S.IV,87); (7) viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo; (8) loka-dhammā; (9) satt’āvāsā; (10) upakkilesā; (11) kāmabhavā; (12) āyatanāni; (18) dhātuyo.They are repeated at Ps.I,122=174,with (1) as “sabbe sattā āhāra-ṭṭhitikā; (2) nāmañ ca rūpañ ca; and the remainder the same.Also at Vism.205 and at SnA 442 as at Ps.I,122.Cp.the similar view at S.IV,95:one perceives the world (“materiality”:loka-saññin and loka-mānin,proud of the world) with the six senses.This is called the “loka” in the logic (vinaya) of the ariyā.-- A few similes with loka see J.P.T.S.1907,131.<br><br> <i>--akkhāyikā</i> (f.,scil.<i>kathā</i>) talk or speculation about (origin etc.of) the world,popular philosophy (see <i>lokāyata</i> and cp.Dialogues I.14) Vin.I,188; D.I,8; M.I,513; Miln.316; DA.I,90.<i>--agga</i> chief of the world.Ep.of the Buddha ThA.69 (Ap.V,11).<i>--anta</i> the end (spatial) of the world A.II,49 (na ca appatvā lokantaṃ dukkhā atthi pamocanaṃ).<i>--antagū</i> one who has reached the end of the world (and of all things worldly),Ep.of an Arahant A.II,6,49 sq.; It.115,Sn.1133; Nd<sup>2</sup> 551.<i>--antara</i> the space between the single worlds J.I,44 (V.253:Avīcimhi na uppajjanti,tathā lokantaresu ca).<i>--antarika</i> (scil.Niraya) a group of Nirayas or Purgatories situated in the lokantara (i.e.cakkavāl,antaresu J.I,76),8,000 yojanas in extent,pitch dark,which were filled with light when Gotama became the Buddha J.I,76; VbhA.4; Vism.207 (lokantariya°); SnA 59 (°vāsa life in the l.niraya); cp.BSk.lokântarikā Divy 204 (andhās tamaso ‘ndhakāra-tamisrā).<i>--âdhipa</i> lord or ruler of the world A.I,150.<i>--âdhipateyya</i> “rule of the world,” dependence on public opinion,influence of material things on man,one of the 3 ādhipateyyas (atta°,loka°,dhamma°) D.III,220; Vism.14.<i>--ânukampā</i> sympathy with the world of men [cp.BSk.lokânugraha Divy 124 sq.] D.III,211; It.79.<i>--āmisa</i> worldly gain,bait of the flesh M.I,156; II,253; Th.2,356.<i>--āyata</i> what pertains to the ordinary view (of the world),common or popular philosophy,or as Rhys Davids (Dial.I.171) puts it:“name of a branch of Brahman learning,probably Nature-lore”; later worked into a quâsi system of “casuistry,sophistry.” Franke,Dīgha trsl<sup>n</sup> 19,trsl<sup>s</sup> as “logisch beweisende Naturerklärung” (see the long note on this page,and cp.Dial.I.166--172 for detail of lokāyata).It is much the same as <i>lok-akkhāy(ika)</i> or popular philosophy.‹-› D.I,11,88; Vin.II,139; Sn.p.105 (=vitaṇḍa-vādasattha SnA 447,as at DA.I,247); Miln.4,10,178; A.I,163,166; III,223.Cp.BSk.<i>lokāyata</i> Divy 630,633,and <i>lokāyatika</i> ibid.619.See also Kern’s remarks at Toev.s.v.<i>--āyatika</i> (brāhmaṇa) one who holds the view of lokāyata or popular philosophy S.II,77 (trsl<sup>n</sup> K.S.53:a Brahmin “wise in world-lore”); Miln.178; J.VI,486 (na seve lokāyatikaṃ; expl<sup>d</sup> as “anatthanissitaṃ ...vitaṇḍa-sallāpaṃ lokāyatika-vādaṃ na seveyya,” thus more like “sophistry” or casuistry).<i>--issara</i> lord of the world Sdhp.348.<i>--uttara</i> see under lokiya.<i>--cintā</i> thinking about the world,worldphilosophy or speculation S.V,447; A.II,80 (as one of the 4 acinteyyāni or thoughts not to be thought out:buddha-visaya,jhāna-visaya,kamma-vipāka,l-c.).Cp.BSk.laukika citta Divy 63,77 etc.<i>--dhammā</i> (pl.) common practice,things of the world,worldly conditions S.III,139 sq.; Sn.268 (expl<sup>n</sup> loke dhammā; yāva lokappavatti tāva-anivattikā dhammā ti vuttaṃ hoti KhA 153,cp.J.III,468); Miln.146.Usually comprising a set of eight,viz.lābha,alābha,yaso,ayaso,nindā,pasaṃsā,sukhaṃ,dukkhaṃ D.III,260; A.IV,156 sq.; V,53; Nd<sup>2</sup> 55; Ps.I,22,122; Vbh.387; Nett 162; DhA.II,157.<i>--dhātu</i> constituent or unit of the Universe,“world-element”; a world,sphere; another name for <i>cakkavāla</i>.Dasa-sahassi-lokadhātu the system of the 10,000 worlds Vin.I,12; A.I,227.-- D.III,114; Pv.II,9<sup>61</sup>; Kvu 476; Vism.206 sq.; Vbh.336; Nd<sup>1</sup> 356 (with the stages from one to fifty lokadhātu’s,upon which follow:sahassī cūḷanikā l-dh.; dvisahassī majjhimikā; tisahassī; mahāsahassī); J.I,63,212; Miln.237; VbhA.430,436.See also cūḷanikā.<i>--nātha</i> saviour of the world,Ep.of the Buddha Sn.995; Vism.201,234; VvA.165; PvA.42,287.<i>--nāyaka</i> guide or leader of the world (said of the Buddha) Sn.991; Ap 20; Mhvs 7,1; Miln.222.<i>--nirodha</i> destruction of the world It.121 (opp.°samudaya).<i>--pāla</i> (°devatā) guardian (governor) of the world,which are usually sepcified as four,viz.Kuvera (=Vessavaṇa),Dhataraṭṭha,Virūpakkha,Virūḷhaka,alias the 4 <i>mahārājāno</i> Pv.I,4<sup>2</sup>; J.I,48 (announce the future birth of a Buddha).<i>--byūha</i> “world-array,” pl.byūhā (devā) N.of a class of devas J.I,47; Vism.415 (kāmâvacara-deva’s).<i>--mariyādā</i> the boundary of the world VvA.72.<i>--vajja</i> common sins Miln.266; KhA 190.<i>--vaṭṭa</i> “world-round,” i.e.saṃsāra (opp.vivaṭṭa =nibbāna) Nett 113,119.See also vaṭṭa.<i>--vidu</i> knowing the universe,Lp.of the Buddha D.III,76; S.I,62; V,197,343; A.II,48; Sn.p.103; Vv 34<sup>26</sup>; Pug.57; expl<sup>d</sup> in full at SnA 442 and Vism.204 sq.<i>--vivaraṇa</i> unveiling of the universe,apocalypse,revelation Vism.392 (when humans see the devas etc.).<i>--vohāra</i> common or general distinction,popular logic,ordinary way of speaking SnA 383,466; VbhA.164.(Page 586),4,1
  6456. 252699,en,15,lokiya,lokiya,Lokiya,Lokiya,( &#38; lokiyika) (adj.) [fr.loka; cp.Vedic laukika in meaning “worldly,usual”] 1.(ordinarily) “belonging to the world,” i.e.-- (a) world-wide,covering the whole world,famed,widely known Th.1,554; J.VI,198.‹-› (b) (-°) belonging to the world of,an inhabitant of (as <i>lokika</i>) Pv.I,6<sup>2</sup> (Yama°).-- (c) common,general,worldly Vism.89 (samādhi); DhA.IV,3 (°mahājana) PvA.131 (°parikkhaka),207 (sukha),220 (°sabhāva).See also below 3.-- 2.(special meaning) worldly,mundane,when opposed to <i>lokuttara</i>.The term <i>lokuttara</i> has two meanings- viz.(a) in ordinary sense:the highest of the world,best,sublime (like lokagga,etc.),often applied to Arahantship,e.g.<i>lokuttaradāyajja</i> inheritance of Arahantship J.I,91; DhA.I,117; ideal:<i>lokuttara dhamma</i> (like parama dhamma) the ideal state,viz.Nibbāna M.II,181; pl.l.<i>dhammā</i> M.III,115.-- (b) (in later canonical literature) beyond these worlds,supra-mundane,transcendental,spiritual.In this meaning it is applied to the group of <i>nava lokuttarā dhammā</i> (viz.the 4 stages of the Path:sotāpatti etc.,with the 4 phala’s,and the addition of nibbāna),e.g.Dhs.1094.Mrs.Rh.D.tries to compromise between the two meanings by giving lokuttara the trsl<sup>n</sup> “engaged upon the higher ideal” (Dhs.tsrl.Introd.p.98),since meaning (b) has too much of a one-sided philosophical appearance.On term cp.Cpd.91<sup>3</sup>.-- 3.<i>lokiya</i> (in meaning “mundane”) is contrasted with <i>lokuttara</i> (“transcendental”) at many passages of the Abhidhamma,e.g.at Ps.II,166; Dhs.505,1093,1446; Vbh.17 sq.,93,106,128,229 sq.,271,322; Kvu 222,515,602; Pug.62; Tikp 41 sq.,52 sq.,275; Dukp 304,324; Nett 10,54,67,77,111,161 sq.,189 sq.; Miln.236,294 (lokika),390; Vism.10,85,438; DA.I,331; DhsA.47 sq.,213; VbhA.128,373; DhA.I,76 (lokika); II,150; III,272; IV,35.(Page 588),6,1
  6457. 253351,en,15,lola,lola,Lola,Lola,(Loḷa) (adj.) [fr.<em>luḷ</em><i>:</i> see luḷati; cp.Epic &#38; Classic Sk.lola] wavering,unsteady,agitated; longing,eager,greedy S.IV,111; Sn.22,922; J.I,49 (Buddha-mātā lolā na hoti),111,210,339 (dhana-loḷa); II,319 (°manussa); III,7; Pug.65; Nd<sup>1</sup> 366; Dāvs.IV,44; Miln.300.--<i>alola</i> not greedy,not distracted (by desire),self-controlled S.V,148; Sn.65.<br><br> <i>--bhava</i> greediness,covetousness ThA.16.(Page 589),4,1
  6458. 253409,en,15,lolata,lolatā,Lolatā,Lolatā,(f.) [fr.lola] longing,eagerness,greed Miln.93; SnA 35 (āhāra°).(Page 589),6,1
  6459. 253428,en,15,loleti,loleti,Loleti,Loleti,[Caus.fr.<em>luḷ</em>,see luḷati] to make shake or unsteady A.III,188 (khobheti+).-- pp.<i>lolita</i>.(Page 589),6,1
  6460. 253433,en,15,loli,loḷī,Loḷī,Loḷī,see <i>āloḷi</i>.(Page 589),4,1
  6461. 253436,en,15,lolita,lolita,Lolita,Lolita,[pp.of loleti] agitated,shaken Th.2,373 (=ālolita ThA.252).(Page 589),6,1
  6462. 253446,en,15,lolupa,lolupa,Lolupa,Lolupa,(adj.) [fr.<em>lup</em>,a base of lumpati but influenced by <em>lubh</em>,probably also by lola.See lumpati] covetous,greedy,self-indulgent Dāvs II.73.<i>a°</i> not greedy,temperate Sn.165.Cp.<i>nil°</i>.-- f.<i>lolupā</i> as N.of a plant at J.VI,537.(Page 589),6,1
  6463. 253461,en,15,loluppa,loluppa,Loluppa,Loluppa,(nt.) [abstr.fr.lolupa] greediness,covetousness,self-indulgence,desire; in the language of the Abhidhamma often syn.with <i>jappā</i> or <i>taṇhā</i>.At DhsA.365 loluppa is treated as an adj. &#38; expl<sup>d</sup> at “punappuna visaye lumpati ākaḍḍhatī ti,” i.e.one who tears again &#38; again at the object (or as Expos.II.470:repeated plundering,hauling along in the fields of sense).-- J.I,340,429; DhsA.365; Vism.61; &#38; with exegetical synonyms <i>loluppāyanā </i>&<i> loluppāyitattaṃ</i> at Dhs.1059,1136.(Page 589),7,1
  6464. 253520,en,15,loma,loma,Loma,Loma,(nt.) [cp.Vedic roman.The (restituted) late P.form roma only at J.V,430; Abhp 175,259; Sdhp.119] the hair of the body (whereas kesa is the hair of the head only) D.II,18 (ekeka°,uddhagga°,in characteristics of a Mahāpurisa); S.II,257 (asi°,usu°,satti° etc.); A.II,114; Vin.III,106 (usu° etc.); Sn.385; J.I,273 (khaggo lomesu allīyi); VbhA.57; DhA.I,126; II,17 <i>(°gaṇanā);</i> ThA.199; VvA.324 (sūkara°); PvA.152,157; Sdhp.104.A detailed description of loma as one of the 32 ākāras of the body (Kh III,; pl.lomā) is found at Vism.250,353; VbhA.233; KhA 42,43.--<i>aloma</i> hairless J.VI,457; puthu° having broad hair or fins,name of a fish J.IV,466; Vv 44<sup>11</sup>.<i>haṭṭha°</i> with hairs erect,excited Mhvs 15,33.-- On loma in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,131.--<i>lomaṃ pāteti</i> to let one’s hair drop,as a sign of subduedness or modesty,opp.to horripilation [pāteti formed fr.<em>pat</em> after wrong etym.of panna in panna-loma “with drooping hairs,” which was taken as a by-form of patita:see panna-loma]:Vin.II,5 (=pannalomo hoti C.); III,183; M.I,442.‹-› Cp.anu°,paṭi°,vi°.<br><br> <i>--kūpa</i> a pore of the skin J.I,67; KhA 51,63; SnA 155 (where given as 99,000) Vism.195 (id.).<i>--padmaka</i> a kind of plant J.VI,497 (reading uncertain; v.l.lodda°).<i>--sundarī</i> (f.) beautiful with hairs (on her body) J.V,424 (Kuraṅgavī l.; expl<sup>d</sup> on p.430 as “roma-rājiyā maṇḍita udarā”).<i>--haṃsa</i> horripilation,excitement with fear or wonder,thrill D.I,49; A.IV,311 sq.(sa°); Sn.270; Vbh.367; Miln.22; Vism.143; DA.I,150.<i>--haṃsana</i> causing horripilation,astounding,stupendous Sn.681; J.IV,355 (abbhuta+); Pv III,9<sup>3</sup>; IV,3<sup>5</sup>; Miln.1; Mhvs 17,55 (abbhuta+).<i>--haṭṭha</i> having the hair standing on end,horrified,thunderstruck,astounded D.I,95; S.V,270; Sn.p.15; Miln.23; SnA 155; cp.haṭṭha-loma above.(Page 588),4,1
  6465. 253593,en,15,lomaka,lomaka,Lomaka,Lomaka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.loma] having hair,in cpd.<i>caturaṅga°</i> having fourfold hair (i.e.on the diff.parts of the body?) Vin.IV,173.It may refer to the 5 dermatoid constituents of the body (see pañcaka) &#38; thus be characteristic of outward appearance.We do not exactly see how the term <i>caturaṅga</i> is used here.-- Cp.<i>anulomika</i>.(Page 589),6,1
  6466. 253639,en,15,lomasa,lomasa,Lomasa,Lomasa,(adj.) [cp.Vedic romaśa] hairy,covered with hair,downy,soft M.I,305; Pv.I,9<sup>2</sup>.At J.IV,296 <i>lomasā</i> is expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>pakkhino</i>,i.e.birds; reading however doubtful (vv.ll.lomahaṃsa &#38; lomassā).(Page 589),6,1
  6467. 253697,en,15,lomin,lomin,Lomin,Lomin,(-°) (adj.) [fr.loma] having hair,in cpds.<i>ekanta° </i>&<i> uddha°</i>,of (couch-) covers or (bed) spreads:being made of hair altogether or having hair only on top Vin.I,192=II.163; D.I,7; cp.DA.I,87.(Page 589),5,1
  6468. 253705,en,15,lona,loṇa,Loṇa,Loṇa,(nt.) [cp.Sk.lavaṇa,for which see also lavaṇa.The Prk.form is loṇa] salt; as adj.,salty,of salt,alkaline.-- Vin.I,202 (loṇāni bhesajjāni alkaline medicine,among which are given sāmuddaṃ kāḷaloṇaṃ sindhavaṃ ubbhidaṃ bilaṃ as var.kinds of salt),220=243 (as flavouring,with tela,taṇḍula &#38; khādaniya); A.I,210,250; IV,108; Miln.63; DhA.IV,176 (in simile see below); VvA.98,100,184 (aloṇa sukkha-kummāsa,unsalted).On loṇa in similes cp.J.P.T.S.1907,131.<br><br> <i>--ambila</i> acid and salt J.I,505; II,171,394.<i>--odaka</i> salt water J.VI,37; VvA.99 (°udaka).<i>--kāra</i> salt-maker Vin.I,350 (°gāma); A.II,182 (°dāraka); J.VI,206 (kara); Miln.331.<i>--ghaṭa</i> a pitcher with salt S.II,276.See also App.to KhA 68 (in Sn.Index 870,871) on Vism.passage with loṇaghaṭaka.<i>--dhūpana</i> salt-spicing VbhA.311 (viya sabba vyañjanesu; i.e.the strongest among all flavourings).<i>--phala</i> a crystal of (natural) salt [phala for phaṭa=*sphaṭa,cp.phalaka] A.I,250 (in simile).<i>--rasa</i> alkaline taste A.IV,199,203.<i>--sakkhara</i> a salt crystal (cp.°phala),a (solid) piece of (natural) salt S.II,276 (in simile,cp.A.I,250); SnA 222 (aggimhi pakkhitta l-s.,in the same simile at DhA.IV,176:uddhane pakkhitta-loṇa).<i>--sakkharikā</i> a piece of salt-crystal,used as a caustic for healing wounds Vin.I,206.<i>--sovīraka</i> salted sour gruel Vin.I,210; VvA.99.(Page 588),4,1
  6469. 253851,en,15,lonika,loṇika,Loṇika,Loṇika, &#38; Loṇiya (adj.) [fr.loṇa] salty,alkaline Dhs.629.--<i>loṇiya-teliya</i> prepared with salt &#38; oil J.III,522; IV,71.--<i>aloṇika</i> unsalted 42<sup>6</sup> (°aka); VvA.184; J.I,228; III,409.(Page 588),6,1
  6470. 253878,en,15,lopa,lopa,Lopa,Lopa,[fr.<em>lup</em><i>:</i> see lumpati] taking away,cutting off; as tt.g.apocope,elision (of the final letter) VbhA.164 (sabba-loka-vohāra°); SnA 12,303,508; VvA.79; often in <i>anunāsika°</i> dropping of (final) <i>ṃ</i> SnA 410; VvA.154,275.At S.V,342 read piṇḍiy ‘ālopena for piṇḍiyā lopena.-- Cp.ālopa,nillopa,vilopa,vilopiya.(Page 588),4,1
  6471. 253902,en,15,lotana,loṭana,Loṭana,Loṭana,(nt.) [<em>luṭ</em>,cp.*Sk.lolana &#38; viloḷana] shaking,upsetting Dhtm 117.Cp.vi°.(Page 588),6,1
  6472. 253925,en,15,lubbhana,lubbhana,Lubbhana,Lubbhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>lubh</em>] being greedy,greediness,a scholastic word,only found in exegesis of word <i>lobha</i>,e.g.at Dhs.32 (where also the enlarged abstr.formation <i>lubbhitatta</i>) &#38; Vism.465,468 (lubbhana-mattaṃ lobha).(Page 585),8,1
  6473. 253948,en,15,lubbhati,lubbhati,Lubbhati,Lubbhati,[Vedic lubhyate,<em>lubh</em>,cp.Lat.lubet &#38; libet it pleases,libido longing; Goth.liufs=Ger.lieb &#38; lob; E.love,etc.-- Dhtp 434:lobhe] to be lustful or greedy,to covet,long for,desire It.84 (lobhaneyye na lubbhati); Vism.465,468.-- ger.<i>lubbha</i> (?) in <i>olubbha</i> is to be referred to <em>lamb</em> rather than <em>lubh</em>.A grd.formation in <i>lobhaneyya</i> or <i>lobhanīya</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>luddha</i>.(Page 585),8,1
  6474. 253988,en,15,ludda,ludda,Ludda,Ludda,(adj.) [the usual P.form of rudda,corresponding to Sk.raudra] 1.fierce,terrible; cruel,gruesome S.I,143; A.II,174 (pāpa,l.,kibbisa); V,149; Pug.56; Vv 84<sup>5</sup> (=dāruṇā pisāc’--ādino VvA.335); J.V,243 (ṭhānaṃ= niraya); Sdhp.286.The spelling <i>ludra</i> occurs at J.IV,46=VI,306,which is ludda at J.V,146.-- 2.a hunter,sportsman Sn.247 (dussīla°; SnA 289:luddā ca kurūra-kammantā lohita-pāṇitāya,macchaghātakamigabandhaka-sākuṇik’ādayo idha adhippetā); Vv 63<sup>1</sup>; J.II,154 (°putta=luddaka); III,432 (Bharata by name); Pug.56 (māgavika,sākuṇika,l.,macchaghātaka etc.; expl<sup>d</sup> by dāruṇa kakkhaḷa at Pug.A 233); Vism.245= VbhA.259; VbhA.228.(Page 585),5,1
  6475. 254003,en,15,luddaka,luddaka,Luddaka,Luddaka,=ludda 2,i.e.hunter Vin.I,220; J.IV,416; Pv III,7<sup>2</sup> (miga°; expl<sup>d</sup> as “dāruṇa” PvA.206); Miln.222; VbhA.266 (miga°,in simile); PvA.34,168.Cp.Fick,Sociale Gliederung 143,207.Note.The expression <i>sunakha-luddako</i> at DhsA.273 is not quite clear (“doghunter”?).It applies to a female &#38; Maung Tin (Expositor II.361) reads “<i>luddhikā</i>” (sic),with trsl<sup>n</sup> “dog-mistress,” remarking that Pyī reads luddako “hunter-dog” (?).(Page 585),7,1
  6476. 254028,en,15,luddha,luddha,Luddha,Luddha,[pp.of lubbhati] greedy,covetous A.III,433 (with pharusa-vāca &#38; samphappalāpin); It.84; Miln.92 (duṭṭha,mūḷha,l.); J.I,124.(Page 585),6,1
  6477. 254060,en,15,lugga,lugga,Lugga,Lugga,[pp.of rujati; corresponding to Sk.rugṇa] broken (up),rugged (of a path) Miln.217,218.Cp.vi°.(Page 584),5,1
  6478. 254072,en,15,lujjana,lujjana,Lujjana,Lujjana,(nt.) [fr.lujjati; a word peculiar to Pali dogmatics] breaking up,crumbling away,dissolution DhsA.47 (in etym.of loka=lujjana-palujjan’aṭṭhena vaṭṭaṃ),308 (id.); Vism.427 (id.).(Page 584),7,1
  6479. 254093,en,15,lujjati,lujjati,Lujjati,Lujjati,[Pass.of <em>ruj</em>,corresponding to Sk.rujyate.Dhtp 400 gives <em>luj</em> as sep.root with meaning vināsa.See rujati] to be broken up,to break (up),to be destroyed; to go asunder,to fall apart A.I,283=Pug.32 (here equal to “be wiped out,” but it is unnecessary to assume,as Kern,Toev.s.v.lujjati does,a by-form of <em>luc</em>,luñcati.The Pug.C.215 expl<sup>s</sup> by “nassati”); Vin.I,297; II,123; S.IV,52 (in etymologizing interpretation of loka:“lujjati kho loko ti vuccati”; quoted at Nd<sup>2</sup> 550 on Sn.1119); Th.1,929.-- Cp.olujjati,palujjati.-- pp.<i>lugga</i>.(Page 584),7,1
  6480. 254105,en,15,luka,lūka,Lūka,Lūka,[apocope form of ulūka,arisen through wrong syllable-division] owl J.VI,497 (=ulūka C.).(Page 585),4,1
  6481. 254112,en,15,lukha,lūkha,Lūkha,Lūkha,(adj.) [Vedic rūkṣa; Prk.lūha &#38; lukkha; BSk.lūha,e.g.Divy 13 (praheṇaka),81 (°cīvara),425,427] 1.rough,coarse,unpleasant; poor,bad (usually appl<sup>d</sup> to dress or food); mediocre,meȧgre,wretched.Opp.<i>paṇīta</i> (e.g.Vin.I,212; S.II,153; A.IV,10; J.I,228; VvA.64).-- S.IV,337 sq.; A.IV,232 sq.; Vin.I,55; Th.1,923; J.I,228 (cittasmiṃ paṇīte ...dānaṃ lūkhaṃ na hoti); Nd<sup>2</sup> 342 (p.182,in exegesis of <i>nikkuha</i>,where practices of ascetics are referred to as “lūkhaṃ cīvaraṃ dhāreti,l.piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjati,l.senāsanaṃ paṭisevati” etc.); VvA.298,335 sq.; PvA.180.-- 2.(of men) low,wretched,rough,miserable,offensive Vin.I,199; III,110 (kisa l.dubbaṇṇa); S.I,175 (=jiṇṇa C,see K.S.320; trsl<sup>n</sup> “looking worn”); M.I,77=J.I,390.--<i>lūkhapuggala</i> a miserable,offensive character (opp.siniddhapuggala) Vism.132; VbhA.282.<br><br> <i>--ājīvin</i> leading a hard or rough life D.I,161; III,44,47; S.II,200; A.V,190.<i>--cīvara</i> (adj.) wearing a shabby robe,badly clad Vin.III,263; Miln.342 (cp.cīvara lūkha bad condition of clothes A.II,71=Pug.53; lūkhacīvara-dhara A.I,25).<i>--ppamāṇa (</i>&<i> °ika)</i> taking unpleasantness or misery as one’s standard A.II,71= Pug.53 (cp.PugA 229); DhA.III,114; SnA 242; cp.rūpa-ppamāṇa.<i>--ppasanna</i> believing in shabbiness or mediocrity,having (bodily) wretchedness as one’s faith Vin.II,197; A.II,71=Pug.53.<i>--pāpuraṇa</i> miserably clad S.I,175; DhA.IV,8,9.(Page 585),5,1
  6482. 254196,en,15,lukhasa,lūkhasa,Lūkhasa,Lūkhasa,(adj.) [fr.lūkha] rough,harsh; miserable,selfmortifying Sn.244 (=nīrasa atta-kilamath’ânuyutta SnA 287).(Page 585),7,1
  6483. 254211,en,15,lukhata,lūkhatā,Lūkhatā,Lūkhatā,(f.) [fr.lūkha] unpleasantness,wretchedness,poorness,misery PugA 229.(Page 585),7,1
  6484. 254236,en,15,lulati,luḷati,Luḷati,Luḷati, &#38; Luṭati [cp.Ep.Sk.<em>loṭh</em> to move &#38; dial.<em>luḍ</em>,loḍayati,to stir,agitate,which is a by-form of <em>lul</em>,lolati to move,Caus.lolayati to set in motion.Etym.connected with Slavonic ljuljati to rock,Ags.l&amacremacr;l a (flexible) rod,rood; root due to onomat.formation.‹-› Another form is luṭhati.The Dhtm (117) expl<sup>s</sup> <em>luṭ</em> by “loṭane” (cp.viloṭana &#38; viloḷana),and <em>luḷ</em> (510) by “manthane”] to stir,shake,agitate,upset; intrs.to be in motion,to be stirred Miln.259 (calati khubbhati l.āvilati).-- pp.<i>luḷita</i>.(Page 585),6,1
  6485. 254251,en,15,lulita,luḷita,Luḷita,Luḷita,[pp.of luḷati] stirred,moved,disturbed; lively; turbid (of water) S.V,123=A.III,233; (udapatta āvila l.); D.II,128=Ud.83 (udakaṃ parittaṃ luḷitaṃ āvilaṃ); J.VI,63; Nd<sup>1</sup> 488 (āvila+); Miln.35,177,220 (°citta),383 (a°); DhsA.328 (indriyāni paripakkāni alulitāni avisadāni).(Page 585),6,1
  6486. 254296,en,15,lumpati,lumpati,Lumpati,Lumpati,<i> </i>[<em>lup</em>,Epic Sk.lumpati,found also as <em>rup</em> in Pali:see ruppati.Connected with Lat.lugeo to be sorry (cp.rujati,roga; Gr.lu/ph sorrow) and rumpo to break.Def<sup>ns</sup> at Dhtp 386 &#38; 433 (chedana) and at Dhtm 618 &#38; 669 (cheda,vināsa)] to break,harm,injure; to attack,plunder; with a strong touch of affection (sympathy or desire) <em>lubh</em> in it [cp.<em>lup</em><i>:</i> Gr.lu/ph; <em>ruj</em><i>:</i> roga],which is still more evident in Intens.<i>loluppa</i> (q.v.).-- DhsA.365 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of loluppa).-- pp.<i>lutta</i>.-- Cp.ullumpana,ullopa,lopa,vilumpati,vilopa.(Page 585),7,1
  6487. 254315,en,15,luna,lūna,Lūna,Lūna,[pp.of lunāti] cut,mowed,reaped Th.2,107 (°kesī); J.II,365; Dāvs.I,32.Cp.<i>vi°</i>.(Page 585),4,1
  6488. 254324,en,15,lunana,lunana,Lunana,Lunana,(nt.) [for lūna(na),cp.lavana] cutting,severing SnA 148 (niddānan ti chedanaṃ lunanaṃ uppāṭanaṃ).(Page 585),6,1
  6489. 254334,en,15,lunati,lunāti,Lunāti,Lunāti,<i> </i>[<em>lū</em>,given as <em>lu</em> at Dhtp 504 (“chedana”) &#38; Dhtm 728 (“paccheda”).For etym.cp.Gr.lu/w to loosen,Lat.luo to pay a fine,Goth.fraliusan to lose; Ger.los,E.lose &#38; loose] to cut,cut off,mow,reap Miln.33 (yavalāvakā yavaṃ lunanti); DhsA.39.-- pp.<i>lūna (</i>&<i> luta)</i>.-- Caus I.<i>lāvayati</i> Mhvs 10,30; Caus.II.<i>lavāpeti</i> to cause to mow Vin.II,180.-- A Pass.<i>lūyati</i> [fr.<em>lu</em>] is found at D.I,141 (aor.lūyiṃsu) and at corresponding passage Pug.56 (imper.lūyantu,where <i>dubbā</i> is to be corrected to <i>dabbhā</i>).-- See lava,lavaka,lavana,lāyati,lavati.(Page 585),6,1
  6490. 254377,en,15,luncati,luñcati,Luñcati,Luñcati,[Vedic luñcati,<em>luc</em> or <em>luñc</em>,to Lat.runco to pull up weeds; Gr.r(ukάnh plane.The Dhtp 43 expl<sup>s</sup> by apanayana] to pull out,pluck (a bird),tear,peel J.I,244,476; II,97,363; III,314; IV,191; V,463; Mhvs 23,46 (aor.<i>aluñci</i>); 28,26 (ger.<i>luñcitvā</i>); Vism.248 (kese).-- Caus.II.<i>luñcāpeti</i> DhA.II,53 (kese),and <i>loceti</i> Th.1,283 (kesamassuṃ alocayiṃ).-- pp.<i>luñcita</i>.(Page 584),7,1
  6491. 254390,en,15,luncita,luñcita,Luñcita,Luñcita,[pp.of luñcati] plucked,pulled Miln.240 (i.e.combed,of wool; Rh.D.trsl<sup>s</sup> “pressed”; Nyānatiloka “cut”); PvA.47 (vilūna-kesa+).(Page 584),7,1
  6492. 254475,en,15,luta,luta,Luta,Luta,seems to be a legitimate spelling representing either <i>lutta</i> or <i>lūna</i>,in meaning “cut,cut off” [cp.<i>lu</i> for <i>lū</i> under lunāti].Thus at S.I,5 (nalo va harito luto)= 126=J.VI,25; and at Sn.532 (lutāni bandhanāni; vv.ll.lūtāni &#38; lunāni; expl<sup>d</sup> as “chinnāni padālitāni” at SnA 432).(Page 585),4,1
  6493. 254482,en,15,luta,lūtā,Lūtā,Lūtā,(f.) [*Sk.lūtā] spider Abhp 621.(Page 585),4,1
  6494. 254491,en,15,luthati,luṭhati,Luṭhati,Luṭhati,[cp.later Sk.luṭhati to plunder,which is one of the dial.variants luṭh,lunṭh,loṭh of <i>lul</i> to shake.The Dhtp (474) &#38; Dhtm (136) both give <em>ruṭh</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>luṭh</em> with meaning “upaghāte”] to rob,plunder.(Page 584),7,1
  6495. 254509,en,15,lutta,lutta,Lutta,Lutta,[cp.Epic Sk.lupta; pp.of lumpati] broken,cut off; as t.t.in grammar “elided” VvA.13 (of ca),111 (of iti),122 (id.).(Page 585),5,1
  6496. 254563,en,15,ma,ma,Ma,Ma,(-kāra) the letter or sound m J.III,273 (sandhi-vasena vutta put in for the sake of euphony); V,375 (ma-kāro sandhikaro); KhA 155,224; SnA 181,383,404.(Page 511),2,1
  6497. 254577,en,15,ma,mā,Mā,Mā,(indecl.) [cp.Vedic mā,Gr.mή] prohibition particle:not,do not,let us hope not,I wish that ...not [cp.Lat.utinam &#38; ne].Constructed with various tenses,e.g.1.with aor.(prohibitive tense):mā evaṃ <i>akattha</i> do not thus DhA.I,7; mā <i>abhaṇi</i> speak not Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup>; mā <i>cintayittha</i> do not worry DhA.I,12; mā <i>parihāyi</i> I hope he will not go short (or be deprived) of ...M.I,444; mā <i>bhāyi</i> fear not J.II,159; mā <i>mariṃsu</i> I hope they will not die J.III,55; mā (te) <i>rucci</i> may it not please (you),i.e.please do not Vin.II,198; mā evaṃ <i>ruccittha</i> id.DhA.I,13.-- 2.with imper.:mā <i>gaccha</i> J.I,152; mā <i>detha</i> J.III,275.mā <i>ghāta</i> do not kill:see māghāta.-- 3.with pot.:mā <i>anuyuñjetha</i> Dh.27; mā <i>bhuñjetha</i> let him not eat Mhvs 25,113; mā <i>vadetha</i> J.VI,364.‹-› 4.with indic.pres.:mā <i>paṭilabhati</i> A.V,194.-- A peculiar use is found in phrase <i>ānemi mā ānemi</i> shall I bring it or not? J.VI,334.-- 5.mā=na (simple negation) in māsakkhimhā we could not Vin.III,23.(Page 527),2,1
  6498. 254617,en,15,macca,macca,Macca,Macca,(adj.-n.) [orig.grd.of marati,<em>mṛ</em> corresponding to Sk.martya.A diaeretic form exists in P.mātiya (q.v.)] mortal; (m.) man,a mortal S.I,55; Sn.249,577,580,766; J.III,154; IV,248; V,393; Dh.53,141,182; Vv 63<sup>12</sup>; Kvu 351.-- See also refs.under jāta.(Page 513),5,1
  6499. 254633,en,15,maccha,maccha,Maccha,Maccha,[cp.Vedic matsya] fish A.III,301; Sn.605,777,936; J.I,210,211; V,266 (in simile); VI,113 (phandanti macchā,on dry land); Pug.55; Sdhp.610.--maccha is given at Nd<sup>2</sup> 91 as syn.of ambucārin.--pūti° rotten fish M.III,168; &#38; in simile at It.68=J.IV,435=VI,236 =KhA 127.Cp.J.P.T.S.1906,201.<i>bahu°</i> rich in fish J.III,430.<i>loṇa°</i> salt fish Vism.28.<i>rohita°</i> the species Cyprinus rohita J.II,433; III,333; DhA.II,132.On maccha in simile see J.P.T.S.1907,121.Of names of fishes several are given in the Jātaka tales; viz.<i>Ānanda</i> (as the king of the fishes or a Leviathan) J.I,207; II,352; V,462; <i>Timanda </i>&<i> Timirapiṅgala</i> J.V,462; <i>Mitacintin</i> J.I,427; <i>Bahucintin</i> J.I,427.<br><br> <i>--maṃsa</i> the flesh of fishes Sn.249.<i>--bandha</i> one who sets net to catch fish,a fisherman A.III,301; Vism.379.<i>--bhatta</i> food for fishes,devoured by fishes J.V,75.<i>--vālaka</i> a garment made in a particular fashion (forbidden to bhikkhus) Vin.II,137.<i>--sakalika</i> “a bit of fish” (fish-bone?) in description of constitution of the finger nails at Vism.250=KhA 43=VbhA.233.(Page 513),6,1
  6500. 254775,en,15,macchara,macchara,Macchara,Macchara,(adj.) [Vedic matsara &#38; matsarin enjoyable; later period also “envious,” cp.maccharin] niggardly,envious,selfish Pgdp II.49.--<i>maccharaṃ</i> (nt.) avarice,envy A.IV,285; Sn.811,862,954 (vīta-macchara,adj.).(Page 514),8,1
  6501. 254793,en,15,maccharayana,maccharāyanā,Maccharāyanā,Maccharāyanā,(f.) &#38; <i>Maccharāyitatta</i> (nt.) the condition of selfishness,both expressions in def<sup>n</sup> of <i>macchariya</i> at Dhs.1122; Pug.19,23; DhsA.375.(Page 514),12,1
  6502. 254810,en,15,maccharayati,maccharāyati,Maccharāyati,Maccharāyati,[Demon.fr.macchariya] to be selfish,greedy or envious J.VI,334; DhA.II,45,89.(Page 514),12,1
  6503. 254838,en,15,maccharin,maccharin,Maccharin,Maccharin,(adj.) [cp.Vedic matsarin,fr.mat+<em>sṛ</em>,i.e.“reflecting to me”] selfish,envious,greedy (cp.Dhs.trsl.<sup>2</sup> p.320); A.II,82; III,139,258,265; D.III,45,246; Dh.263; Sn.136,663; Nd<sup>1</sup> 36; J.I,345; V,391; Vv 52<sup>26</sup>; Pug.20; DhsA.394; DhA.II,89; Sdhp.89,97.-- a° unselfish D.III,47; A.IV,2; Sn.852,860; It.102.(Page 514),9,1
  6504. 254847,en,15,macchariya,macchariya,Macchariya,Macchariya, &#38; Macchera (nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.mātsarya] avarice,stinginess,selfishness,envy; one of the principal evil passions &#38; the main cause of rebirth in the Petaloka.-- 1.macchariya:A.I,95,299; III,272; Dh.III,44 (issā°),289; Sn.863 (°yutta),928; Pug.19,23; Vbh.357,389,391.-- Five sorts of selfishness are mentioned:<i>āvāsa°</i>,<i> kula°</i>,<i> lābha°</i>,<i> vaṇṇa°</i>,<i> dhamma°</i> D.III,234; Nd<sup>1</sup> 118,227; A.IV,456; Dhs.1122 (cp.Dhs.tsrl.<sup>2</sup> p.276); Vism.683; DhsA.373,374.Selfishness is one of the evil conditions which have to be renounced as habits of mind by force of intelligence A.V,40,209; Miln.289; PvA.87,124.-- 2.macchera A.I,105 (°mala),281; Dh.242; It.18; Nd<sup>1</sup> 260; Sdhp.313,510.At A.II,58 and elsewhere the state called <i>vigata-mala-macchera</i> “with the stain of avarice vanished,” is freq.mentioned as a feature of the blameless life and a preparation for Arahantship.-- Note.The (etym.) expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>macchariya</i> at VbhA.513 is rather interesting:“idaṃ acchariyaṃ mayhaṃ eva hotu,mā aññassa acchariyaṃ hotū ti pavattattā macchariyan ti vuccati” (from the Purāṇas? ).(Page 514),10,1
  6505. 254969,en,15,macchera,macchera,Macchera,Macchera,see <i>macchariya</i>.(Page 514),8,1
  6506. 255020,en,15,macchi,macchī,Macchī,Macchī,(f.) [of maccha] a female fish J.II,178.(Page 514),6,1
  6507. 255025,en,15,macchika,macchika,Macchika,Macchika,[fr.maccha] a fish-catcher,fisherman A.III,301; J.V,270; VI,111; Miln.331.(Page 514),8,1
  6508. 255060,en,15,maccu,maccu,Maccu,Maccu,[in form=Vedic mṛtyu,fr.<em>mṛ</em>; in meaning differentiated,the Ved.--Sk.meaning “death” only] the God of Death,the Buddhist Māra,or sometimes equivalent to Yama S.I,156; Sn.357 (Gen.maccuno),581 (Instr.maccunā),587; Th.1,411; Dh.21,47,128,135,150,287; VbhA.100; SnA 397; DhA.III,49; Sdhp.295,304.<br><br> --tara one who crosses or overcomes death Sn.1119 (=maraṇaṃ tareyya Nd<sup>2</sup> 486).--dheyya the realm of Māra,the sphere of Death S.I,4; adj.belonging to death or subject to death (=Māradheyya,maraṇadheyya Nd<sup>2</sup> 487<sup>b</sup>).-- Sn.358,1104 (with expl<sup>n</sup> “m.vuccanti kilesā ca khandhā ca abhisaṅkhārā ca” Nd<sup>2</sup> 487<sup>a</sup>),1146 (°pāra-maccudheyyassa pāraṃ vuccati amataṃ nibbānaṃ Nd<sup>2</sup> 487); Th.2,10 (=maccu ettha dhīyati ThA.13); Dh.86; DhA.II,161.--parāyaṇa surmounting death Sn.578; pareta id.Sn.579.--pāsa the sling or snare of Māra Sn.166; J.V,367.--bhaya the fear of death Mhvs 32,68.--maraṇa dying in death M.I,49 (cp.C.on p.532:maccu-maraṇan ti maccu-saṅkhātaṃ maraṇaṃ tena samuccheda-maraṇ’ādīni nisedheti.-- See also def.of maraṇa s.v.).--mukha the mouth of death Sn.776; Nd<sup>1</sup> 48.--rājā the king of death Sn.332,1118 (=Maro pi Maccurājā maraṇaṃ pi Nd<sup>2</sup> 488); Dh.46,170; KhA 83.--vasa the power of death 3 I.52:Sn.587,1100 (where maccu is expl<sup>d</sup> by maraṇa &#38; Māra).--hāyin leaving death behind,victorious over death It.46=Sn.755; Th.1,129.(Page 513),5,1
  6509. 255187,en,15,mada,mada,Mada,Mada,[Vedic mada,<em>mad</em> (see majjati),Idg.<i>*</i><em>mad</em>,as in Av.mata intoxication,drink,mad,to get intoxicated orig.meaning “drip,be full of liquid or fat”; cp.Gr.madάw dissolve,mastόs breast (mazόs›Amazone),Lat.madeo to be wet,Ohg.mast fattening,Sk.meda grease,fat,Gr.mέzea; mestόs full; Goth.mats eatables,Ags.mōs,Ohg.muos=gemüse,etc.Perhaps connected with <i>*med</i> in Lat.medeor to heal.For further relations see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.madeo.-- The Dhtp (412) &#38; Dhtm (642) explain <i>mad</i> by “<i>ummāde</i>” Dhtm 210 also by “muda,mada=santose”] 1.intoxication,sensual excess,in formula <i>davāya madāya maṇḍanāya</i> (for purposes of sport,excess,personal charm etc.) M.I,355=A.II,40= Nd<sup>1</sup> 496=Nd<sup>2</sup> 540=Pug.21=Dhs.1346,1348.The commentator’s expl<sup>ns</sup> bearing directly or indirectly on this passage distinguish several kinds of <i>mada</i>,viz.<i>māna-mada </i>&<i> purisa-</i>mada (at DhsA.403; Vism.293),or <i>muṭṭhika-mall’</i>ādayo viya madatthaṃ <i>bala-</i>mada-nimittaṃ <i>porisa-</i>mada-nimittañ cā ti vuttaṃ (at Vism.31).Sn.218 (mada-pamāda on which passage SnA 273 comments on mada with jāti-mad’ādi-bhedā madā).-- 2.(as mental state or habit) pride,conceit Miln.289 (māna,m.,pamāda); Vbh.345 (where 27 such states are given,beginning with jāti°,gotta°,ārogya°,yobbana°,jīvita-mada),350 (where mada is paraphrased by majjanā majjitattaṃ māno ...uṇṇati ...dhajo sampaggāho ketukamyatā cittassa:same formula,as concluding exegesis of <i>māna</i> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 505 &#38; Dhs.1116); sometimes more def.characterised with phrase <i>mada-matta</i> elated with the pride or intoxication of ...(-°).e.g.A.I,147 (yobbana°,ārogya°,jīvita°); PvA.86 (māna°),280 (bhoga°).-- The traditional exegesis distinguishes only 3 mada’s,viz.<i>ārogya-</i> mada the pride of health,<i>yobbana°</i> of youth,<i>jīvita°</i> of life:D.III,220; A.I,146.<br><br> <i>--nimmadana</i> “disintoxication from intoxication,” freedom from pride or conceit A.II,34; Bu I.81; Vism.293.(Page 518),4,1
  6510. 255228,en,15,madana,madana,Madana,Madana,(nt.) [fr.<i>mad</i>] lit.making drunk,intoxication Nd<sup>2</sup> 540 C.(in formula davāya madāya madanāya,instead of maṇḍanāya:see under mada 1); in cpd.<i>°yuta</i> intoxicated,a name for the Yakkhas J.I,204.‹-› Cp.<i>nimmadana</i>.(Page 518),6,1
  6511. 255261,en,15,madaniya,madanīya,Madanīya,Madanīya,(adj.nt.) [orig.grd.of madati] 1.intoxicating D.II,185 (sadda vaggu rajanīya kāmanīya m.).-- 2.intoxication VvA.73.(Page 518),8,1
  6512. 255310,en,15,madda,madda,Madda,Madda,1.[fr.<em>mṛd</em>,Sk.<i>marda</i>] crushing etc.; kneading,paste,in <i>piṭṭha</i> paste of flower Vin.II,151; J.III,226 (piṭṭhi°).-- 2.[dialectical,cp.Sk.madra] N.of a country &#38; its inhabitants,in <i>°raṭṭha</i> SnA 68 sq.; °rājakula KhA 73.<br><br> <i>--viṇā</i> a sort of girdle Vin.II,136.(Page 518),5,1
  6513. 255327,en,15,maddalaka,maddālaka,Maddālaka,Maddālaka,[etym.?] a kind of bird J.VI,538.(Page 519),9,1
  6514. 255336,en,15,maddana,maddana,Maddana,Maddana,(nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.mardana,fr.<em>mṛd</em>] 1.crushing,grinding,destroying J.IV,26; Miln.21 (adj.,+mathana); Sdhp.449; Dhtp 156.-- 2.threshing Miln.360.-- See also <i>nimmaddana</i>,<i> pamaddana</i>,<i> parimaddana</i>.(Page 518),7,1
  6515. 255397,en,15,maddari,maddarī,Maddarī,Maddarī,(f.) [?] a species of bird,in cpd.<i>ambaka°</i> A.I,188.(Page 518),7,1
  6516. 255413,en,15,maddati,maddati,Maddati,Maddati,[cp.Vedic <em>mṛd</em> to crush:see etym.under mattikā] 1.to tread on,trample on (Acc.),crush J.III,245,372 (ppr.maddamāna); DhA.II,66.-- 2.to defeat,destroy Sn.770 (=abhibhavati Nd<sup>1</sup> 12); Nd<sup>2</sup> 85 (madditvā=abhibhuyya); SnA 450; Mhvs 1,41.-- fig.to crush a heresy:vādaṃ m.Mhvs 36,41.-- 3.to neglect (an advice),spurn J.III,211 (ovādaṃ).-- 4.to mix up,knead,jumble together DhA.II,155.-- 5.to thresh J.I,215.-- 6.to break down,upset J.I,500 (vatiṃ,a fence).-- 7.to draw together (a net) J.I,208.-- Caus.I.<i>maddeti</i> to cause to be trampled on Mhvs 29.4 (aor.maddayi).-- Caus.II.<i>maddāpeti</i> to cause to be threshed Vin.II,180.-- pp.<i>maddita</i>.See also pari°.(Page 518),7,1
  6517. 255425,en,15,maddava,maddava,Maddava,Maddava,(adj.nt.) [fr.mṛdu,cp.Epic Sk.mārdava] 1.mild,gentle,soft,suave Dhs.1340; Vbh.359; Miln.229 (cittaṃ mudukaṃ m.siniddhaṃ),313 (mudu°),361 (among the 30 best virtues,with siniddha &#38; mudu).‹-› 2.(fr.madda) as Np.name of a king,reigning in Sāgala,the capital of Madda.-- 3.withered Dh.377 (=milāta DhA.IV,112).-- nt.<i>maddavaṃ</i> mildness,softness,gentleness Sn.250 (ajjava+),292 (id.); J.III,274 (as one of the 10 rāja-dhammā); V,347 (=mettacittaṃ); DhsA.151.See also <i>sūkara°</i>.(Page 518),7,1
  6518. 255438,en,15,maddavata,maddavatā,Maddavatā,Maddavatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.maddava] gentleness,softness,suavity Dhs.44,1340; DhsA.151.(Page 519),9,1
  6519. 255461,en,15,maddhita,maddhita,Maddhita,Maddhita,[of <i>mṛdh</i>] see pari°.(Page 519),8,1
  6520. 255471,en,15,maddin,maddin,Maddin,Maddin,(adj.) [fr.<i>mṛd</i>,cp.Sk.mardin=mardana] crushing,destroying Sdhp.218.Cp.<i>pamaddin</i>.(Page 519),6,1
  6521. 255482,en,15,maddita,maddita,Maddita,Maddita,[pp.of maddeti,see maddati] 1.kneaded,mixed,in <i>su°</i> Vism.124.-- 2.crushed,defeated,in <i>su°</i> Miln.284.-- Cp.<i>pa°</i>,<i> pari°</i>.(Page 519),7,1
  6522. 255523,en,15,madhu,madhu,Madhu,Madhu,[cp.Vedic madhu,Gr.mέqu wine,Lith.medùs honey,midùs wine,Ohg.metu=Ger.met wine.Most likely to root <i>*</i><em>med</em> to be full of juice:see under madati] honey J.I,157 sq.; IV,117; Dh.69 (madhū vā read as madhuvā); Mhvs 5,53; DhsA.330; DhA.II,197 (alla° fresh honey).-- pl.<i>madhūni</i> Mhvs 5,31.-- The Abhp (533) also gives “wine from the blossom of Bassia latifolia” as meaning.-- On madhu in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,121.<br><br> <i>--atthika</i> (madh°) at J.III,493 is with v.l.to be read <i>madhu-tthika</i> (q.v.below).The proposal of Kern’s (Toev.s.v.) to read madh’aṭṭhika “with sweet kernels” cannot be accepted.The C.expl<sup>ns</sup> rightly by “madhura-phalesu pakkhitta-madhu viya,madhura-phalo hutvā.” <i>--atthika</i> (madhu°) desirous of honey,seeking honey J.IV,205; Mhvs 5,50.<i>--āpaṇa</i> (madhv°) honey shop Mhvs 5,52.<i>--āsava</i> (madhv°) honey extract,wine from the flower of Bassia latifolia VvA.73 (as one of the 5 kinds of intoxicating liquors).<i>--kara</i> “honey-maker,” bee J.IV,265; Vism.136 (in simile); DhA.I,374.<i>--gaṇḍa</i> honey-comb Mhvs 22,42; 34,52.<i>--tthika</i> [madhu+thika,which latter stands for thīya,fr.<i>styā</i> to congeal,drip; see thika,thīna,thīya and theva] dripping with honey,full of honey J.III,493 (so read for madh-atthika); VI,529 (=madhuṃ paggharanto C.).Kern,Toev.s.v.unnecessarily reads as °atthika which he takes=°aṭṭhika.<i>--da</i> giving honey,liberal Mhvs 5,60 (Asoka).<i>--paṭala</i> honey-comb J.I,262; DhA.I,59; III,323.<i>--piṇḍikā</i> a ball of honey (to eat),honey-food,a meal with honey Vin.I,4; M.I,114.<i>--pīta</i> having drunk honey,drunk with honey S.I,212.<i>--(b)bata</i> “courting honey,” a bee Dāvs III,65.<i>--bindu</i> a drop of honey Vism.531; VbhA.146 (°giddha,in comparison).<i>--makkhitā</i> smeared with honey J.I,158.<i>--madhuka</i> dripping with honey,full of honey J.VI,529.<i>--mehika</i> referring to a particular disease madhumeha (“honey-urine,” diabetes?) Vin.IV,8.<i>--laṭṭhikā</i> liquorice (no ref.?); cp.Laṭṭhi-madhukavana J.I,68.<i>--lāja</i> sweet corn J.IV,214,281.<i>--vāṇija</i> honey seller Mhvs 5,49.<i>--ssava</i> flowing with honey Pv.II,9<sup>11</sup>.(Page 519),5,1
  6523. 255594,en,15,madhuka,madhuka,Madhuka,Madhuka,(adj.n.) [fr.madhu] connected with honey.1.(n.) the tree Bassia latifolia (lit.honey tree) Vin.I,246; J.V,324,405; VI,529; Miln.165.-- 2.the fruit of that tree J.IV,434.-- 3.(adj.) (-°) full of honey J.VI,529 (madhu° containing honey).-- 4.connected with an intoxicating drink,given to the drink of (-°) J.IV,117 (surā-meraya°).<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhika</i> the kernel (of the fruit) of Bassia latifolia Vism.353=KhA 43 (which latter reads madhukaphal’aṭṭhi; in the description of the finger nails).<i>--puppha</i> the flower of Bassia latifolia from which honey is extracted for liquor Vin.I,246 (°rasa liquorice juice); J.I,430.(Page 519),7,1
  6524. 255601,en,15,madhuka,madhukā,Madhukā,Madhukā,(f.) [fr.madhuka] honey drink,sweet drink,liquor Mhvs 5,52.(Page 519),7,1
  6525. 255762,en,15,madhura,madhura,Madhura,Madhura,(adj.) [fr.madhu] 1.sweet Sn.50; J.III,493; V,324; Pv.II,67; PvA.119,147.-- 2.of intoxicating sweetness,liquor-like,intoxicating J.IV,117.-- 3.(nt.) sweetness,sweet drink Dh.363; J.I,271 (catu° the 4 sweet drinks,used as cure after poison); Dhs.629; DhsA.320.-- 4.(nt.) flattery,praise SnA 287 (opp.avaṇṇa).<br><br> <i>--rasa</i> sweet (i.e.honey-) juice,sweet liquor DhA.II,50; PvA.119.<i>--ssara</i> sweet-sounding VvA.57; PvA.151; Mhvs 5,32.(Page 519),7,1
  6526. 255807,en,15,madhuraka,madhuraka,Madhuraka,Madhuraka,(adj.) [fr.madhura,cp.similarly madhuka› madhu] full of sweet drink,intoxicated,in phrase <i>madhuraka-jātokāyo viya</i> “like an intoxicated body,” i.e.without control,weak.The usual translation has been “become languid or weak” (“erschlafft” Ger.).Franke,Dīgha Übs.202 (where more literature) translates:“Ich fūhlte mich schwach,wie ein zartes Pflänzchen,“ hardly justifiable.-- D.II,99; M.I,334; S.III,106,A.III,69.The description refers to a state of swooning,like one in a condition of losing consciousness through intoxication.Rh.D.(Dial.II.107) translates “my body became weak as a creeper,” hardly correct.<br><br> taken as noun also by Winternitz (Rel.gesch.Lesebuch 301):“wohl eine zarte Pflanze mit schwachen Stengel.” F.L.Woodward follows me in discarding trsl<sup>n</sup> “creeper” and assuming one like “intoxicated” (so also UdA,246):see his note on S.III,106 trsl<sup>n</sup> (K.S.III,90).(Page 519),9,1
  6527. 255907,en,15,madhurata,madhuratā,Madhuratā,Madhuratā,(f.) [abstr.fr.madhura] sweetness J.I,68.(Page 519),9,1
  6528. 255917,en,15,madhuratta,madhuratta,Madhuratta,Madhuratta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.madhura] sweetness Mhvs 2,13.(Page 519),10,1
  6529. 256023,en,15,madira,madirā,Madirā,Madirā,(f.) [of adj.Vedic madira intoxicating] intoxicating drink,spirit J.V,425; DhsA.48.(Page 518),6,1
  6530. 256033,en,15,madisa,mādisa,Mādisa,Mādisa,(adj.) [Epic &#38; Class.Sk.mādṛś &#38; mādṛśa,maṃ+ <em>dṛś</em>] one like me Sn.482; Mhvs 5,193; VvA.207; DhA.I,284; PvA.76,123.(Page 528),6,1
  6531. 256051,en,15,maga,maga,Maga,Maga,[another form of miga=Sk.<i>mṛga</i>,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.12<sup>4</sup>] 1.animal for hunting,deer,antelope M.I,173 (in simile); S.I,199 (id.); A.I,70; II,23; Th.1,958,989; Sn.275,763,880; J.V,267.-- 2.a stupid person J.VI,206,371.(Page 512),4,1
  6532. 256075,en,15,magadha,māgadha,Māgadha,Māgadha,[fr.Magadha] scent-seller,(lit.“from Magadha”) Pv.II,9<sup>37</sup> (=gandhin PvA.127).(Page 527),7,1
  6533. 256094,en,15,magadhaka,māgadhaka,Māgadhaka,Māgadhaka,(nt.) [māgadha+ka,lit.“from Magadha”] garlic Vin.IV,259 (lasuṇaṃ nāma māgadhakaṃ vuccati).(Page 527),9,1
  6534. 256200,en,15,magavika,māgavika,Māgavika,Māgavika,[guṇa- form to *mṛga=P.miga; Sk.mārgavika] a deerstalker,huntsman A.II,207; Pug.56; Miln.364,412; PvA.207.(Page 527),8,1
  6535. 256228,en,15,magga,magga,Magga,Magga,[cp.Epic Sk.mārga,fr.<em>mṛg</em> to track,trace] 1.a road (usually high road),way,foot-path Vism.708 (maggaṃ agata-pubba-purisa,simile of); VbhA.256 (tiyojana°,simile of a man travelling); DhA.I,229.-- <i>addhāna°</i> high road Vin.IV,62; M.III,158; see under addhāna; <i>antāra-</i>magge on the road Miln.16; <i>ujuka°</i> a straight way S.I,33; DhA.I,18; <i>ummagga</i> (a) a conduit; (b) a devious way:see ummagga,to which add refs.J.V,260; Th.2,94; <i>kummagga</i> a wrong path:see kum°,to which add S.IV,195; Th.1,1174.<i>passāva° </i>&<i> vacca°</i> defecation &#38; urination Vin.III,127; <i>visama°</i> a bad road S.I,48.-- 2.the road of moral &#38; good living,the path of righteousness,with ref.to the moral standard (cp.the 10 commandments) &#38; the way to salvation.The exegetic (edifying) etym.of magga in this meaning is “nibbān’atthikehi maggīyati (traced by those who are looking for N.),nibbānaṃ vā maggeti,kilese vā mārento gacchatī ti maggo” (VbhA.114).‹-› Usually designated (a) the “<i>ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga</i>” or the “Noble Eightfold Path” (see <i>aṭṭhaṅgika</i>).It is mentioned at many places, &#38; forms the corner-stone of the Buddha’s teaching as to the means of escaping “dukkha” or the ills of life.It consists of 8 constituents,viz.sammā-diṭṭhi,sammā-saṅkappa,°vācā,°kammanta,°ājīva,°vāyāma,°sati,°samādhi,or right views,right aspirations,right speech,right conduct,right livelihood,right effort,right mindfulness,right rapture.The 7 first constituents are at D.II,216 &#38; M.III,71 enum<sup>d</sup> as requisites for sammā-samādhi.The name of this table of ethical injunctions is given as “maggam uttamaṃ” at Sn.1130,i.e.the Highest Path.See for ref.e.g.Vin.III,93; IV,26; D.II,353; III,102,128,284,286; It.18; Nd<sup>1</sup> 292; Nd<sup>2</sup> 485; Vbh.104 sq.235 sq.,VbhA.114 sq.(its constituents in detail),121,216; Vism.509 sq.(where the 8 constituents are discussed).-- (b) as <i>ariya</i> magga:M.III,72; Pug.17; DA.I,176 sq.,225 sq.,233; VbhA.373 sq.; ThA.205.‹-› (c) as <i>pañcaṅgika</i> or the Path of 5 constituents (the above first 2 and last 3):Dhs.89; Vbh.110 sq.,237 sq.-- (d) other expressions of same import:<i>dhamma°</i> Miln.21; <i>magga</i> alone; S.I,191 (Bhagavā maggassa uppādetā etc.)=M.III,9=S.III,66; Sn.429,441,724 sq.,1130; Dh.57,273 sq.,It.106; VbhA.53,73.As the first condition &#38; initial stage to the attainment of Arahantship (Nibbāna) it is often found in sequence of either <i>magga-phala-nirodha</i> (e.g.Vism.217,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> under dukkha II.p.168),or <i>magga</i>,<i> phala</i>,<i> nibbāna</i> (e.g.Tikp.155 sq.,158; VbhA.43,316,488).-- magga as entrance to Arahantship is the final stage in the recognition (ñāṇa,pariññā,paññā) of the truth of the causal chain,which realises the origin of “ill,” the possibility of its removal &#38; the “way” to the removal.These stages are described as <i>dukkhe</i> ñāṇaṃ,<i>samudaye</i> ñāṇaṃ <i>nirodhe</i> ñāṇaṃ and <i>magge</i> ñāṇaṃ at D.III,227,Ps.I,118.At the latter passage the foll.chapter (I.49) gives <i>dukkha-nirodha gāminī paṭipadā</i> as identical with <i>magga</i>.-- Note.On the term see Cpd.41 sq.,66 sq.,175,186; Dhs.trsl.<sup>2</sup> 58,299 sq.,362 sq.; Expos.216,354<sup>n</sup>.On passages with <i>aṭṭhaṅgika magga</i> &#38; others where magga is used in similes see Mrs.Rh.D.in J.P.T.S.1907,pp.119,120.-- 3.Stage of righteousness,with ref.to the var.conditions of Arahantship divided into 4 stages,viz.<i>sotāpatti-</i>magga,<i>sakadāgāmi°</i>,<i> anāgāmi°</i>,<i> arahatta°</i>,or the stage of entering the stream (of salvation),that of returning once,that of the never-returner,that of Arahantship.-- At DhA.I,110 <i>magga-phala</i> “the fruit of the Path” (i.e.the attainment of the foundation or first step of Arahantship) is identical with <i>sotāpattiphala</i> on p.113 (a) in general:<i>arahatta°</i> S.I,78; A.III,391; DA.I,224.-- (b) in particular as the 4 paths:Nd<sup>2</sup> 612 A; Vbh.322 sq.,328,335; Vism.453,672‹-› 678; DhA.IV,30; VbhA.301.-- 4.In the Tikapaṭṭhāna (under magga-paccaya-niddesa p.52) 12 constituents of magga are enum<sup>d</sup>; viz.paññā,vitakka,sammāvācā,s-kammanta,s-ājīva,viriya,sati,samādhi,micchā-diṭṭhi,micchā-vācā,m-kammanta,m-ājīva.<br><br> <i>--aṅgāni</i> the constituents of the Ariyan Path VbhA.120.<i>--âmagga</i> which is the (right) road and which is not M.I,147; Vism.ch.xx (°ssa kovida)=Sn.627; S.III,108 (id.); DhA.IV,169 (id.); A.V,47 (°ssa ñāṇadassana); Dh.403.<i>--udaka</i> water found on the road Vism.338 (simile).<i>--kilanta</i> wearied by the road J.I,129.<i>--kusala</i> one who is clever as regards the road,one who knows the road well S.III,108; Nd<sup>1</sup> 171; VbhA.332 (in simile); KhA 70,126.<i>--kovida</i>=°kusala Nd<sup>1</sup> 446.<i>--kkhāyin</i> (should be °akkhāyin) one who tells the (right) way M.III,5; Nd<sup>1</sup> 33.<i>--jina</i> Conqueror of the paths Sn.84 sq.<i>--jīvin</i> who lives in the right path Sn.88.<i>--jjhāyin</i> reflecting over the Path Sn.85.<i>--ñāṇa</i> knowledge of the Path VbhA.416.<i>--ññū</i> knows the Path Nd<sup>1</sup> 446.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> one who stands in the Path,attains the P.see Cpd.23,50.<i>--ttaya</i> the triad of the paths (i.e.the first 3 of the 4 Paths as given above under 3) DhA.IV,109.<i>--dūsin</i> highway robber Sn.84.<i>--desaka</i> one who points out the way,a guide Sn.84; J.IV,257; as <i>°desika</i> at DhA.II,246.<i>--desin=°desaka</i> Sn.87.<i>--dhamma</i> the rule of the Path,i.e.righteous living Sn.763.<i>--dhīra</i> wise as regards the Path Nd<sup>1</sup> 45.<i>--paṭipanna-</i>1.one on the road,i.e.wandering,tramping DhA.I,233.-- 2.one who has entered the Path Pv IV.3<sup>49</sup>.<i>--parissaya</i> danger of the road VvA.200.<i>--bhāvanā</i> cultivation of the Path (i.e.righteousness) Nd<sup>1</sup> 323.<i>--mūḷha</i> one who has lost the way VvA.332.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> praise of the Path DhA.I,115.<i>--vidū</i> one who knows the Path Nd<sup>1</sup> 446.<i>--sacca</i> the truth concerning the Path VbhA.114,124.<i>--sira</i> N.of a month DA.I,241.(Page 512),5,1
  6536. 256560,en,15,maggana,maggana,Maggana,Maggana,(nt.) &#38; <i>magganā</i> (f.) [fr.<i>magg</i>] tracking,search for,covetousness Vism.29 (syn.for nijigiṃsanatā &#38; gaveṭṭhi); Dhtp 298 ( &#38; gavesana).(Page 512),7,1
  6537. 257280,en,15,maggati,maggati,Maggati,Maggati, &#38; (spurious) mageti [denom.fr.magga,cp.Sk.margayati.The Dhtp.gives both <em>mag</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>magg</em> in meaning “anvesana,” i.e.tracking,following up; see Dhtp Nos.21,540,541] to track,hunt for,trace out,follow,seek M.I,334 (ppr.magayamana); S II 270 (pp.maggayamāna); Th.2,384 (cp.ThA.255=pattheti); J.V,102 (where T.reads <i>maggheyya</i>,which is expl<sup>d</sup> by C.as vijjheyya to pierce,hurt, &#38; which is doubtful in meaning,although Kern,Toev.s.v.defends it.The v.l.reads <i>magg°</i>.Same on p.265 where one ought to read phasseyya in C.instead of passeyya.The form pp.<i>magga</i> (?) on p.102 must belong to the same root); DhsA.162 (=gavesati).-- Caus.II.<i>maggāpeti</i> PvA.112.-- Pass.<i>maggīyati</i> VbhA.114.(Page 513),7,1
  6538. 257456,en,15,magghati,magghati,Magghati,Magghati,see <i>maggeti</i>.(Page 513),8,1
  6539. 257463,en,15,maggika,maggika,Maggika,Maggika,[fr.magga] wayfarer,tramp DhA.I,233.(Page 512),7,1
  6540. 257527,en,15,magha,maghā,Maghā,Maghā,(f.) [cp.*Sk.maghā] N.of a nakkhatta,in cpd.<i>°deva</i> SnA 352 (cp.M.II,74,n.6,where spelling Makkādeva; we also find Makhadeva at Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa XIV.I.1).(Page 513),5,1
  6541. 257584,en,15,maghata,māghāta,Māghāta,Māghāta,(nt.) [lit.mā ghāta “kill not”] the injunction not to kill,non-killing order (with ref.to the killing of animals J.III,428 (°bheri,the drum announcing this order); IV,115; VI,346 (uposatha°).(Page 527),7,1
  6542. 257613,en,15,maghavant,maghavant,Maghavant,Maghavant,[cp.Epic Sk.maghavā,on etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.Maia] N.of Indra,or another angel (devaputta) S.I,221 (Voc.maghavā; so read for mathavā),229; Dh.30.Cp.<i>māgha</i>.(Page 513),9,1
  6543. 257639,en,15,maha,maha,Maha,Maha,(m. &#38; nt.) [fr.<em>mah</em>,see mahati &#38; cp.Vedic nt.mahas] 1.worthiness,venerableness Miln.357.-- 2.a (religious) festival (in honour of a Saint,as an act of worship) Mhvs 33,26 (vihārassa mahamhi,Loc.); VvA.170 (thūpe ca mahe kate),200 (id.).<i>mahā°</i> a great festival Mhvs 5,94.<i>bodhi°</i> festival of the Bo tree J.IV,229.<i>vihāra°</i> festival held on the building of a monastery J.I,94; VvA.188.<i>hatthi°</i> a festival called the elephant f.J.IV,95.(Page 525),4,1
  6544. 259663,en,15,mahallaka,mahallaka,Mahallaka,Mahallaka,(adj.n.) [a distorted mah-ariyaka› ayyaka› allaka; cp.ayyaka] old,venerable,of great age; an old man D.I,90 (opp.taruṇa),94,114,247; Sn.313,603; Nd<sup>2</sup> 261 (vuḍḍha m.andhagata etc.) J.IV,482 (opp.dahara young); Vv 46<sup>1</sup> (=mahanto VvA.199); DhA.I,7,278; II,4,55,91; SnA 313.Compar.<i>mahallakatara</i> DhA.II,18.-- f.<i>mahallikā</i> an old woman Miln.16; Mhvs 21,27; VvA.105; PvA.149 (=addhagata).-- [The BSk.form is <i>mahalla</i>,e.g.Divy 329,520.] (Page 527),9,1
  6545. 260301,en,15,mahaniya,mahanīya,Mahanīya,Mahanīya,(adj.) [grd.of mahati] praiseworthy VvA.97.(Page 527),8,1
  6546. 260323,en,15,mahant,mahant,Mahant,Mahant,(adj.) [Vedic mahant,which by Grassmann is taken as ppr.to <i>mah</i>,but in all probability the n is an original suffix.-- cp.Av.mazant,Sk.compar.mahīyān; Gr.mέgas (compar.mei/zwn),Lat.magnus,Goth.mikils=Ohg.mihhil=E.much] great,extensive,big; important,venerable.-- Nom.<i>mahā</i> Sn.1008; Mhvs 22,27.Shortened to <i>maha</i> in cpd.<i>pitāmaha</i> (following a- decl.) (paternal) grandfather PvA.41; &#38; <i>mātāmaha</i> (maternal) grandfather (q.v.).-- Instr.<i>mahatā</i> Sn.1027.-- pl.Nom.<i>mahantā</i> Sn.578 (opp.daharā).-- Loc.<i>mahati</i> Miln.254.-- f.<i>mahī</i> -- 1.one of the 5 great rivers (Np.).-- 2.the earth.See separately.-- nt.<i>mahantaṃ</i> used as adv.,meaning “very much,greatly” J.V,170; DhA.IV,232.Also in cpd.<i>mahantabhāva</i> greatness,loftiness,sublimity DhsA.44.-- Compar.<i>mahantatara</i> DhA.II,63,and with dimin.suffix <i>°ka</i> J.III,237.-- The regular paraphrase of mahā in the Niddesa is “agga,seṭṭha,visiṭṭha,pāmokkha,uttama,pavara,” see Nd<sup>2</sup> 502.<br><br> Note on <i>mahā</i> &#38; cpds.-- A.In certain cpds.the comb<sup>n</sup> with mahā (mah°) has become so established &#38; customary (often through politeness in using mahā° for the simple term),that the cpd.is felt as an inseparable unity and a sort of “antique” word,in which the 2<sup>nd</sup> part either does not occur any more by itself or only very rarely,as <i>mah’aṇṇava</i>,which is more freq.than aṇṇava; <i>mah’âbhisakka</i>,where abhisakka does not occur by itself; cp.<i>mahânubhāva</i>,<i> mahiddhika</i> <i>mahaggha;</i> or is obscured in its derivation through constant use with mahā,like <i>mahesī</i> [mah+esī,or īsī],<i>mahesakkha</i> [mah+esakkha]; <i>mahallaka</i> [mah+*ariyaka]; mahāmatta.Cp.E.great-coat,Gr.a)rx° in a)rx-iatrόs=Ger.arzt.Only a limited selection of cpd.-words is given,consisting of more frequent or idiomatic terms.Practically any word may be enlarged &#38; emphasized in meaning by prefixing <i>mahā</i>.Sometimes a mahā° lends to special events a standard (historical) significance,so changing the common word into a noun proper,e.g.Mah-âbhinikkhammana,Mahāpavāraṇa.-- B.<i>Mahā</i> occurs in cpds.in (a) an elided form <em>mah</em> before <i>a </i>&<i> i;</i> (b) shortened to <i>maha°</i> before g,d,p,b with doubling of these consonants; (c) in the regular form <i>mahā°:</i> usually before consonants,sometimes before vowels.This form is contracted with foll.<i>i</i> to <i>e</i> and foll.<i>u</i> to <i>o</i>.In the foll.list of cpds.we have arranged the material according to these bases.<br><br> <i>mah°:--aggha</i> very costly,precious Pug.34; Mhvs 27,35; PvA.77,87; Sdhp.18.<i>--agghatā</i> costliness,great value Pug.34,Sdhp.26.<i>--aṇṇava</i> the (great) ocean Mhvs 19,17.<i>--atthiya</i> (for °atthika) of great importance or use,very useful,profitable J.III,368.<i>--andhakāra</i> deep darkness Vism.417.<i>--assāsin</i> fully refreshed,very comfortable S.I,81.<br><br> <i>maha°:--ggata</i> “become great,” enlarged,extensive,fig.lofty,very great M.I,263; II,122; A.II,63,184; III,18; VvA.155; J.V,113; Dhs.1020 (trsl<sup>n</sup>:“having a wider scope”) Vbh.16,24,62,74,126,270,326; Tikp.45; Vism.410,430 sq.(°ārammaṇa); VbhA.154 (id.),159 (°citta); DhsA.44.See on term Cpd.4,12,55,101<sup>4</sup>; [cp.BSk.mahadgata Divy 227].<i>--gghasa</i> eating much,greedy,gluttonous A.IV,92; P III,1<sup>11</sup> (=bahubhojana PvA.175); Miln.288; Dh.325 (cp.DhA.IV,16).<i>--ddhana</i> having great riches (often comb<sup>d</sup> with mahābhoga) Dh.123; J.IV,15,22.<i>--pphala</i> much fruit; adj.bearing much fruit,rich in result A.IV,60,237 sq.; Sn.191,486; Dh.312,356 sq.<i>--bbala</i> (a) a strong force,a great army Mhvs 10,68 (v.l.,T.has mahā-bala); (b) of great strength,mighty,powerful J.III,114; Mhvs 23,92; 25,9.<i>--bbhaya</i> great fear,terror S.I,37; Sn.753,1032,1092,ep.Nd<sup>2</sup> 501.<br><br> <i>mahå°:--anas</i> kitchen Mhvs 5,27 (spurious stanza).<i>--anasa</i> kitchen J.II,361; III,314; V,368; VI,349; DhA.III,309; ThA.5.<i>--anila</i> a gale Mhvs 3,42.<i>--ānisaṃsa</i> deserving great praise (see s.v.),[cp.BSk.mahānuśaṃsa MVastu III,221].<i>--ānubhāva</i> majesty,adj.wonderful,splendid J.I,194; J.VI,331; Pv III,3<sup>1</sup>; PvA.117,136,145,272.<i>--aparādhika</i> very guilty J.I,114.<i>--abhinikkhamaṇa</i> the great renunciation DhA.I,85.<i>--abhisakka</i> [abhi+<i>śak</i>] very powerful Th.1,1111.<i>--amacca</i> chief minister Mhvs 19,12.<i>--araha</i> costly Mhvs 3,21; 5,75; 27,39; PvA.77,141,160.<br><br> <i>mahā°:--alasa</i> great sloth DhA.III,410.<i>--avīci</i> the great Purgatory Avīci,freq.<i>--isi</i> in poetry for mahesi at J.V,321.<i>--upaṭṭhāna</i> great state room (of a king) SnA 84.<i>--upāsikā</i> a great female follower (of the Buddha) VvA.5.<i>--karuṇā</i> great compassion DhA.I,106,367.<i>--kāya</i> a great body Miln.16.<i>--gaṇa</i> a great crowd or community DhA.I,154.<i>--gaṇḍa</i> a large tumour VbhA.104.<i>--gedha</i> great greed Sn.819; Nd<sup>1</sup> 151.<i>--cāga</i> great liberality,adj.munificent Mhvs 27,47.As <i>°paricāga</i> at SnA 295 (=mahādāna).<i>--jana</i> a great crowd,collectively for “the people,” a multitude PvA.6,19,78; Mhvs 3,13.<i>--taṇha</i> (adj.) very thirsty J.II,441.<i>--tala</i> “great surface,” the large flat roof on the top of a palace (=upari-pāsāda-tala) J.VI,40.<i>--dāna</i> (see under dāna) the great gift (to the bhikkhus) a special great offering of food &#38; presents given by laymen to the Buddha &#38; his followers as a meritorious deed,usually lasting for a week or more Mhvs 27,46; PvA.111,112.<i>--dhana</i> (having) great wealth PvA.3,78.<i>--naraka</i> (a) great Hell,see naraka.<i>--nāga</i> a great elephant Dh.312; DhA.IV,4.<i>--nāma</i> N.of a plant Vin.I,185; II,267.<i>--niddā</i> deep sleep PvA.47.<i>--nibbāna</i> the great N.DhA.IV,110.<i>--niraya</i> (a) great hell SnA 309,480; PvA.52.See Niraya &#38; cp.Kirfel,Kosmographie 199,200.<i>--nīla</i> sapphire VvA.111.<i>--pañña</i> very wise D.III,158; A.III,244; Dh.352; DhA.IV,71.<i>--patha</i> high road D.I,102; Sn.139; Dh.58; Vism.235; DhA.I,445.<i>--paduma</i> a great lotus J.V,39; also a vast number &#38; hence a name of a purgatory,cp.Divy 67; Kirfel,Kosmographie 205.<i>--pitā</i> grandfather PvA.107.<i>--purisa</i> a great man,a hero,a man born to greatness,a man destined by fate to be a Ruler or a Saviour of the World.A being thus favoured by fate possesses (32) marks (lakkhaṇāni) by which people recognise his vocation or prophesy his greatness.A detailed list of these 32 marks (which probably date back to mythological origin &#38; were originally attributed to Devas) is found at D.II,17,19,passim.-- D.III,287; Sn.1040 sq.; Dh.352; Miln.10; SnA 184,187 sq.,223,258,357,384 sq.; °lakkhaṇāni:D.I,88,105,116; Sn.549,1000 sq.; Vism.234; VvA.315; DhA.II,41.<i>--bhūta</i> usually in pl.<i>°bhūta(ni)</i> (cattāro &#38; cattā) the 4 great elements (see bhūta),being paṭhavī,āpo,tejo,vāyo,D.I,76; Nd<sup>1</sup> 266; Vbh.13,70 sq.; Vism.366 sq.; Tikp 39,56 sq.,74 sq.,248 sq.; VbhA.42,169,253.-- See Cpd.154,268 sq., &#38; cp.dhātu 1.<i>--bhoga</i> great wealth,adj.wealthy PvA.3,78.<i>--maccha</i> a great fish,seamonster J.I,483.<i>--mati</i> very wise,clever Mhvs 14,22; 19,84 (f.°ī); 33,100 (pl.°ī).<i>--matta</i> [cp.Sk.mahāmātra] a king’s chief minister,alias Prime Minister,“who was the highest Officer-of-State and real Head of the Executive” (Banerjea,Public Administration in Ancient India,1916).His position is of such importance,that he even ranges as a <i>rājā</i> or king:Vin.III,47 (rājā ...akkhadassā mahāmattā ye vā pana chejjabhejjaṃ anusāsanti ete rājāno nāma).-- Note.An Acc.sg.<i>mahā-mattānaṃ</i> we find at A.I,154 (formed after the prec.rājānaṃ).-- Vin.I,74 (where two ranks are given:<i>senā-nāyakā</i> m.-mattā the m.of defence,and <i>vohārikā</i> m.-m.those of law); D.I,7; III,88; III,64 (here with Ep.khattiya); A.I,154,252,279; III,128; Vin.IV,224; Vism.121; VbhA.312 (in simile of two m.),340; PvA.169.Cp.Fick.Sociale Gliederung 92,99,101.<i>--muni</i> great seer Sn.31.<i>--megha</i> a big cloud,thunder cloud M.II,117; Sn.30; Vism.417.<i>--yañña</i> the great sacrifice D.I,138 sq.,141 (cp.A.II,207≈).<i>--yasa</i> great fame Vv 21<sup>6</sup>; Mhys 5,22.<i>--raṅga</i> [cp.Sk.m.-rajana],safflower,used for dyeing Vin.I,185 (sandals); II 267 (cloaks).<i>--rājā</i> great king,king,very freq.:see <i>rājā</i>.<i> --rukkha</i> a great tree Vism.413 (literally); Miln.254 (id.),otherwise the plant euphorbia tortilis (cp.Zimmer,Altind.Leben 129).<i>--lātā</i> (-pasādhana) a lady’s parure called “great creeper” DhA.I,392; VvA.165 (-pilandhana); same SnA 520.<i>--vātapāna</i> main window DhA.IV,203.<i>--vīṇā</i> a great lute Vism.354; VbhA.58.<i>--vīra</i> (great) hero Sn.543,562.<i>--satta</i> “the great being” or a Bodhisatta VvA.137 (v.l.SS.bodhisatta).[Cp.BSk.mahāsattva,e.g.Jtm 32].<i>--samudda</i> the sea,the occean Mhvs 19,18; Vism.403; SnA 30,371; PvA.47.<i>--sara</i> a great lake; usually as <i>satta-mahāsarā</i> the 7 great lakes of the Himavant (see sara),enum<sup>d</sup> e.g.at Vism.416.<i>--sāra</i> (of) great sap,i.e.great wealth,adj.very rich J.I,463 (°kula,perhaps to be read mahāsāla-kula).<i>--sāla</i> (adj.) having great halls,Ep.of rich people (especially brāhmaṇas) D.I,136,235; III,16,20; J.II,272 (°kula); IV,237 (id.),325 (id.); V,227 (id.); Pug.56; VbhA.519; DhA.III,193.<i>--sāvaka</i> [cp.BSk.mahāśrāvaka Divy 489] a great disciple Vism.98 (asīti °ā); DhA.II,93.<i>--senagutta</i> title of a high official (Chancellor of the Exchequer?) J.V,115; VI,2.<i>--hatthi</i> a large elephant M.I,184 (°pada elephant’s foot,as the largest of all animal feet),referred to as simile (°opama) at Vism.243,347,348.<br><br> <i>mahi°</i> [mah’i°]:<i>--iccha</i> full of desire,lustful,greedy A.IV,229; Th.1,898; It.91; J.I,8; II,441.<i>--icchatā</i> arrogance,ostentatiousness A.IV,280; VbhA.472.<i>--iddhika</i> [mahā+iddhi+ka] of great power,always comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>mah-ânubhāva</i> to denote great influence,high position &#38; majesty Vin.I,31; II,193; III,101; D.I,78,180 (devatā),213; S.I,145 sq.; II,155,274 sq.,284 sq.; IV,323; V,265,271 sq.,288 sq.; A.V,129; J.VI,483 (said of the Ocean); PvA.6,136,145.<i>--inda</i> (ghosa) lit.the roar of the Great Indra,Indra here to be taken in his function as sky (rain) god,thus:the thunder of the rain-god Th.1,1108.[Cp.BSk.māhendra in °bhavana “the abode of the Great Indra,” and vaṛṣa “the rain of the Gr.I.” (here as rain-god),both at AvŚ I.210].<i>--issāsa</i> [Sk.maheṣvāsa] great in the art of the bow,a great archer S.I,185; DhA.I,358.<br><br> <i>mahe°</i> [mahā+<em>i</em>]:<i>--esakkha</i> [mahā+īsa+khyaṃ; fr.<em>īś</em>] possessing great power or authority A.II,204; III,244; Nd<sup>2</sup> 503<sup>2</sup>; Vism.419; Sdhp.511.The BSk.form is <i>maheṣākhya</i> evidently differing in its etymology.The P.etym.rests on the same grounds as esitatta in mahesi DhA.IV,232.<i>--esi</i> [mahā+isi; Sk.maharṣi] a great Sage A.II,26; Sn.208,481,646,915,1057,1061; Th.1,1132; 2,149; Dh.422 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.IV,232 as “mahantaṃ sīla-kkhandh’ādīnaṃ esitattā m.” cp.the similar expl<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 503); Nd<sup>1</sup> 343; Vism.505; VbhA.110; PvA.1.<i>--esiyā</i>=mahesī J.VI,483.<i>--esī</i> [in P.to be taken as mah+<i>iś</i>,as f.to <i>īsa</i>,but in Sk.(Vedic) as f.of mahiṣa,buffalo] chief queen,king’s first wife,king’s consort; also the wife of a great personage J.II,410; V,45; VI,425; Pug.56; Mhvs 2,22 (pl.mahesiyo); VvA.184 (sixteen).Usually as <i>agga-mahesī</i>,e.g.J.I,262; III,187,393; V,88.<i>--esitta</i> state of chief consort,queenship J.V,443; Pv.II,13<sup>10</sup>; ThA.37; VvA.102.<i>--eseyya=°esitta</i> J.V,91.<br><br> <i>--maho</i> [mahā+u,or+o]:<i>--ogha</i> the great flood (see ogha) Sn.4,945; Dh.47,287; DhA.III,433.<i>--odadhi</i> the (great) ocean,the sea Sn.720,1134; Miln.224; Mhvs 18,8.<i>--odara</i> big belly J.VI,358 (addressing a king’s minister).<i>--odika</i> full of water,having much water; deep,full (of a river) Sn.319; J.II,159; Miln.346.<i>--oraga</i> [m+uraga] a great snake J.V,165.(Page 525),6,1
  6547. 260418,en,15,mahantata,mahantatā,Mahantatā,Mahantatā,(f.) [fr.mahant°] greatness DhA.II,62.At M.III,24 the spelling is <i>mahattatā</i> (tt misread for nt?),at M.I,184 however <i>mahantatta</i> (nt.).(Page 527),9,1
  6548. 262041,en,15,mahati,mahati,Mahati,Mahati,[<em>mah</em><i>;</i> expl<sup>d</sup> by Dhtp 331 as “pūjāyaṃ”] to honour,revere Vv 47<sup>11</sup> (pot.med.1 pl.<i>mahemase</i>,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 129; expl<sup>d</sup> as “mahāmase pūjāmase” at VvA.203).Caus.<i>mahāyati</i> in same sense:ger.mahāyitvāna (poetical) J.IV,236.-- Pass.<i>mahīyati</i> Vv 62<sup>1</sup> (=pūjīyati VvA.258); 64<sup>22</sup> (ppr.mahīyamāna= pūjiyamāna VvA.282).pp.<i>mahita</i>.(Page 525),6,1
  6549. 262092,en,15,mahatta,mahatta,Mahatta,Mahatta,(nt.) [fr.mahat° cp.Sk.mahattva] greatness J.V,331 (=seṭṭhatta C.); Vism.132,232 sq.; VbhA.278 (Satthu°,jāti°,sabrahmacārī°); DA.I,35; VvA.191.(Page 525),7,1
  6550. 262810,en,15,mahi,mahī,Mahī,Mahī,(f.) [f.of <em>mah</em>,base of mahant,Vedic mahī] the earth (lit.Great One) Mhvs 5,266; Sdhp.424,472; Loc.<i>mahiyā</i> Miln.128; <i>mahiyaṃ</i> DhsA.62.-- Note.As mahī is only found in very late P.literature,it must have been re-introduced from Sk.sources,and is note a direct correspondent of Vedic mahī.<br><br> <i>--tala</i> the ground (of the earth) Mhvs 5,54.<i>--dhara</i> mountain Miln.343; Mhvs 14,3; 28,22 (v.l.mahin°).<i>--pa</i> king (of the earth) Mhvs 14,22.<i>--pati</i> king Mhvs 5,48; 33,32.<i>--pāla</i> king Mhvs 4,38; 5,265.<i>--ruha</i> tree (“growing out of the earth”) Mhvs 14,18,18,19.(Page 527),4,1
  6551. 262866,en,15,mahika,mahikā,Mahikā,Mahikā,(f.) [cp.*Sk.mahikā] fog,frost,cold (=himaṃ DhsA.317) Vin.II,295=Miln.273; Sn.669; Miln.299; VvA.134 (fog).-- As <i>mahiyā</i> at A.II,53.(Page 527),6,1
  6552. 262883,en,15,mahila,mahilā,Mahilā,Mahilā,(f.) [*Sk.mahilā] woman,female Vin.II,281 (°titthe at the women’s bathing place); J.I,188; Dpvs IX.4; ThA.271.(Page 527),6,1
  6553. 263036,en,15,mahisa,mahisa,Mahisa,Mahisa,Mahīsa,Mahiṃsa [cp.Vedic mahiṣa,an enlarged form of mahā; the P.etym.evidently to be connected with mahā+<em>īś</em>,because of mahīsa›mahiṃsa] a buffalo.--<i>mahisa:</i> D.I,6 (°yuddha b.-fight),9; J.III,26 (vana° wild b.); Mhvs 25,36 (T.māhisaṃ).--<i>mahīsa</i> J.VI,110.--<i>mahiṃsa</i> Vism.191, &#38; in Np.<i>mahiṃsaka-maṇḍala</i> the Andhra country J.I,356,cp.Mahiṃsaka-raṭṭha VbhA.4; as <i>Mahisa-maṇḍala</i> at Mhvs 12,29.-- Note.The P.pop.etym.is propounded by Bdhgh as “mahiyaṃ setī ti mahiso” (he lies on the ground,that is why he is a buffalo) DhsA.62.(Page 527),6,1
  6554. 263083,en,15,mahita,mahita,Mahita,Mahita,[pp.of mahati or mahīyati] honoured,revered M.II,110; Miln.278; Sdhp.276.(Page 527),6,1
  6555. 263213,en,15,majja,majja,Majja,Majja,(nt.) [fr.<em>mad,cp.</em>Vedic mada &#38; madya] 1.intoxicant,intoxicating drink,wine,spirits Vin.I,205; D.III,62,63; Sn.398 (+pāna=majjapāna); VvA.73 (=surā ca merayañ ca); Sdhp.267.-- 2.drinking place J.IV,223 (=pān’āgāra).<br><br> <i>--pa</i> one who drinks strong drink,a drunkard A.IV,261; Sn.400; Pv IV.1<sup>76</sup> (a°); ThA.38.<i>--pāna</i> drinking of intoxicating liquors Vv 15<sup>8</sup>; VvA.73; Sdhp.87.<i>--pāyaka</i>=majjapa J.II,192 (a°).<i>--pāyin</i>=°pāyaka Sdhp.88.<i>--vikkaya</i> sale of spirits J.IV,115.(Page 514),5,1
  6556. 263304,en,15,majjara,majjāra,Majjāra,Majjāra,[cp.Epic Sk.mārjāra; dialectical] a cat Miln.23.-- f.<i>majjārī</i> (majjāri°) Vin.I,186 (°camma cat’s skin); DhA.I,48; Pgdp 49.(Page 514),7,1
  6557. 263354,en,15,majjati,majjati,Majjati,Majjati,<sup>3</sup> [<em>mad</em>,Sk.mādyati; Vedic madati; see mada for etym.] to be intoxicated; to be exultant,to be immensely enjoyed or elated S.I,73,203; A.IV,294; Sn.366 (Pot.majje=majjeyya SnA 364),676 (id.,T.reads na ca majje,SnA 482 reads na pamajje); J.II,97; III,87 (majjeyya).aor.<i>majji</i> in cpd.<i>pamajji</i> Mhvs 17,15.-- pp.<i>matta</i>.(Page 514),7,1
  6558. 263355,en,15,majjati,majjati,Majjati,Majjati,<sup>2</sup> [<em>mṛj</em> to clean,polish; connected with either Lat.mergo (cp.Gr.a)mέrgw) or Lat.mulgeo to wipe,stroke,milk (cp.Gr.a)mέlgw,Mir.mlich=milk etc.) -- Dhtp 71 gives root <em>majj</em> with meaning “saṃsuddhiyaṃ”] to wipe,polish,clean VvA.165.Cp.sam°.-- pp.<i>majjita </i>&<i> maṭṭha</i>.(Page 514),7,1
  6559. 263356,en,15,majjati,majjati,Majjati,Majjati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>majj</em> to immerse,submerge,cp.Lat.mergo] is represented in Pali by <i>mujjati</i>,as found esp.in cpds.ummujjati &#38; nimujjati.(Page 514),7,1
  6560. 263388,en,15,majjha,majjha,Majjha,Majjha,(adj.) [Vedic madhya,cp.Lat.medius,Gr.mέssos,Goth.midjis=Ohg.mitti,E.middle] middle,viz.1.of space:of moderate height D.I,243 (contrasted with ucca &#38; nīca).-- 2.of time:of middle age Sn.216 (contrasted with dahara young &#38; thera old).-- 3.often used adv.in Loc.<i>majjhe</i> in the middle; i.e.(a) as prep.in between,among (-° or with Gen.) Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup>,11<sup>4</sup>; J.I,207 (sakuṇānaṃ); DhA.I,182 (vasana-gāmassa); PvA.11 (parisā°).majjhe chetvā cutting in half J.V,387.-- (b) in special dogmatic sense “in the present state of existence,” contrasted with past &#38; future existences (the latter comb<sup>d</sup> as “ubho antā” at Sn.1040).The expl<sup>n</sup> of majjhe in this sense is at Nd<sup>1</sup> 434:“majjhaṃ vuccati paccuppannā rūpā” etc.(similarly at Nd<sup>2</sup> 490).-- Sn.949 (in sequence pubbe majjhe pacchā),1099 (id.); Dh.348 (pure majjhe pacchato; i.e.paccuppannesu khandhesu DhA.IV,63).-- 4.(nt.) <i>majjhaṃ</i> the middle DhA.I,184 (tassa uramajjhaṃ ghaṃsentī).(Page 514),6,1
  6561. 263414,en,15,majjhaka,majjhaka,Majjhaka,Majjhaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.majjha] lying or being in the midst of ...,in pācīna-yava° (dakkhiṇa°,pacchima°,uttara°) nigama,a market-place lying in the midst of the eastern corn-fields (the southern etc.):designation of 4 nigamas situated near Mithilā J.VI,330.(Page 514),8,1
  6562. 263465,en,15,majjhantika,majjhantika,Majjhantika,Majjhantika,[majjha+anta+ika] midday,noon; used either absolutely Vin.IV,273; S.IV,240; J.V,213 (yāva upakaṭṭha -- majjhantikā); V,291 (read majjhantik’âtikamm’āgami); Vism.236; Miln.3; or as apposition with kāla &#38; samaya S.I,7 (kāla); Pv IV.3<sup>2</sup> (id.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 97<sup>7</sup> (samaya); DA.I,251 (id.).(Page 514),11,1
  6563. 263504,en,15,majjharu,majjhāru,Majjhāru,Majjhāru,[etym.doubtful] a certain kind of plant Vin.I,196 (v.l.majjāru); doubtful whether designation (like Sk.mārjāra) of Plumbago rosea.(Page 514),8,1
  6564. 263511,en,15,majjhatta,majjhatta,Majjhatta,Majjhatta,(adj.-n.) [for majjha-ṭṭha,which we find in Prk.as majjhattha:Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 214; majjha+ <em>sthā</em>] 1.(adj.) “standing in the middle,” umpire,neutral,impartial,indifferent J.I,300; II,359 (parama°,+upekkhā-pārāmī); VI,8; Miln.403; Vism.230; Mhvs 21,14.-- 2.indifference,balance of mind,equanimity; almost synonymous with <i>upekkhā:</i> Vism.134,296; VbhA.283 (°payogatā); DhA.II,214 (°upekkhā); PvA.38 (so read for majjhattha).See also following.‹-› Note.A similar term is found in BSk.as <i>mṛdu-madhyā kṣānti</i> “state of spiritual calm” Divy 271; see Yoga Sūtra II.34.(Page 514),9,1
  6565. 263573,en,15,majjhattata,majjhattatā,Majjhattatā,Majjhattatā,(f.) [abstr.from prec.] impartiality,indifference,balance of mind Nd<sup>2</sup> 166 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of upekkhā,with syn.passaddhatā); Vbh.230; Vism.134; VbhA.285 (satta° &#38; saṅkhāra°),317 (def.); DhsA.133.(Page 514),11,1
  6566. 263663,en,15,majjhima,majjhima,Majjhima,Majjhima,(adj.) [Vedic madhyama,with sound change °ama›°ima after Geiger,P.Gr.19<sup>1</sup>,or after analogy with pacchima,with which often contrasted] 1.middle,medium,mediocre,secondary,moderate.-- Applied almost exclusively in contrast pairs with terms of more or less,in triplets like “small-medium-big,” or “first-middle-last” (cp.majjha 3b); viz.(a) of degree:<i>hīna-</i>m-<i>paṇīta</i> D.III,215 (tisso dhātuyo); Dhs.1205‹-› 1027 (dhammā); Vism.11 (sīlaṃ); h.m.<i>ukkaṭṭha</i> Vism.308; <i>omaka</i> m.<i>ukkaṭṭha</i> Vin.IV,243; <i>khuddaka</i> m.<i>mahā</i> Vism.100; <i>lāmaka</i> m.<i>paṇīta</i> (i.e.lokuttara) DhsA.45 (dhammā); <i>paritta-</i>m-<i>uḷāra</i> Sdhp.260.‹-› (b) of time:paṭhame yāme majjhima° <i>pacchima°</i> J.I,75; id.with vaye PvA.5.-- 2.(nt.) <i>majjhimaṃ</i> the waist,in cpd.su-majjhimā (f.) a woman with beautiful waist ] V,4.(Page 515),8,1
  6567. 263989,en,15,majjika,majjika,Majjika,Majjika,[fr.majja] a dealer in strong drink.a tavernkeeper Miln.331.(Page 514),7,1
  6568. 263997,en,15,majjita,majjita,Majjita,Majjita,[pp.of majjati<sup>2</sup>] cleaned,polished VvA.340 (suṭṭhu m.for sumaṭṭha Vv 84<sup>17</sup>).See also <i>maṭṭha</i>.(Page 514),7,1
  6569. 264019,en,15,makaci,makaci,Makaci,Makaci,[etym.?] a kind of cloth,material,fibre DhA.III,68 (vākakhaṇḍa).<br><br> <i>--pilotikā</i> rough cloth (used for straining) J.II,96; DhA.II,155.Cp.makkhi-vāla.<i>--vāka</i> m.bark Vism.249 (+akkavāka); VbhA.232.(Page 511),6,1
  6570. 264053,en,15,makara,makara,Makara,Makara,[cp.Epic Sk.makara] a mythical fish or sea monster,Leviathan (cp.Zimmer,Altind.Leben 97) J.II,442; III,188; Miln.131,377; ThA.204.-- f.<i>makarinī</i> Miln.67.<br><br> <i>--dantaka</i> the tooth of a sword fish,used as a pin Vin.II,113,cp.p.315.-- as a design in painting or carving Vin.II,117.121,152; IV,47.In these latter passages it occurs comb<sup>d</sup> with latākamma &#38; pañcapaṭṭhika (q.v.).The meaning is not quite clear.(Page 511),6,1
  6571. 264083,en,15,makaranda,makaranda,Makaranda,Makaranda,[cp.Class.Sk.makaranda] the nectar of a flower J.VI,530.(Page 511),9,1
  6572. 264104,en,15,makasa,makasa,Makasa,Makasa,[fr.Vedic maśaka viâ <i>*masaka</i>›makasa:see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 47<sup>2</sup>] mosquito Vin.II,119; S.I,52 (a° free from m.); A.II,117; Sn.20; J.I,246; Sdhp.50.See also cpd.ḍaṃsa°.<br><br> <i>--kuṭikā</i> mosquito net or curtain Vin.II,119,130.<i>--vījanī</i> mosquito fan Vin.II,130.(Page 511),6,1
  6573. 264164,en,15,makkata,makkaṭa,Makkaṭa,Makkaṭa,[cp.Epic Sk.markaṭa] 1.a monkey J.I,385; II,267; DhA.II,22; VbhA.408 (°niddā,a m.’s sleep,said to be quickly changing); KhA 73 (in simile); SnA 522 (cp.Sn.791).Names of monkeys famous in Jātaka tales:Sālaka J.II,268; Kālabāhu J.III,98 sq.; on the monkey as a figure in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,119,to which add VbhA.228 &#38; 259 (tālavana°),cp.Vism.245.-- 2.a spider:see °sutta.<br><br> <i>--chāpaka</i> the young of a monkey M.I,385; J.I,218.<i>--sutta</i> spider’s thread J.V,47; Vism.136 (in simile); DhA.I,304.(Page 511),7,1
  6574. 264203,en,15,makkataka,makkaṭaka,Makkaṭaka,Makkaṭaka,[cp.Sk.markaṭaka; der.fr.markaṭa=makkaṭa] a spider (see on similes J.P.T.S.1907,119) Dh.347 (cp.DhA.IV,58); J.II,147 (=uṇṇanābhi); IV,484 (aptly called Uṇṇanābhi); V,47,469; Miln.364,407 (<i>pantha°</i> road spider,at both passages).<i>--°sutta</i> spider’s thread Vism.285.(Page 511),9,1
  6575. 264252,en,15,makkati,makkaṭī,Makkaṭī,Makkaṭī,(f.) [of makkaṭa] a female monkey Vin.III,33,34; J.I,385; DhA.I,119.(Page 511),7,1
  6576. 264267,en,15,makkatiya,makkaṭiya,Makkaṭiya,Makkaṭiya,(nt.) [fr.makkhaṭa+ya] monkey grimace J.II,448 (mukha°).The same as mukha-makkaṭika at J.II,70.(Page 511),9,1
  6577. 264286,en,15,makkha,makkha,Makkha,Makkha,<sup>2</sup> [probably=makkha<sup>1</sup>,but BSk.differentiates with mrakṣya Divy 622,trsl.Index “ill-feeling”? Böhtlingk-Roth have:mrakṣya “wohlgefühl”] anger,rage Vin.I,25.(Page 512),6,1
  6578. 264287,en,15,makkha,makkha,Makkha,Makkha,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>mṛkṣ</em>,lit.smearing over.Cp.BSk.mṛakṣa Śikṣ 198.8,in cpd.māna-mada-mṛakṣa-paridāha etc.] hypocrisy; usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>paḷāsa</i> (see also palāsa) M.I,15; A.I,95,100,299; IV,148,456; V,39,156,209,310,361; It.3; Sn.56,437,631,1132 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 484= makkhāyanā makkhāyitattaṃ niṭṭhuriya-kammaṃ,i.e.hardness,mercilessness); Dh.150,407; J.V,141; Vbh.357,380,389; Pug.18,22; Miln.289,380; DhA.III,118; VI,181.<br><br> <i>--vinaya</i> restraining fr.hypocrisy S.II,282; A.V,165 sq.(Page 511),6,1
  6579. 264322,en,15,makkhana,makkhaṇa,Makkhaṇa,Makkhaṇa,(nt.) [fr.<em>mṛkṣ</em>,cp.*Sk.mrakṣaṇa] smearing,oil J.III,120; Miln.11 (tela°); Dhtp 538.(Page 512),8,1
  6580. 264365,en,15,makkhayana,makkhāyanā,Makkhāyanā,Makkhāyanā,(f.) &#38; <i>Makkhāyitatta</i> (nt.) [abstr.fr.makkha] the fact of concealment,hypocrisy:in exegesis of <i>makkha</i> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 484; Pug.18,22.(Page 512),10,1
  6581. 264403,en,15,makkheti,makkheti,Makkheti,Makkheti,[Caus.of <em>mṛkṣ</em><i>;</i> Dhtp 538:makkhaṇa] to smear,paste,soil,anoint J.III,225,314; Pug.36; Miln.268; Vism.344; DhA.II,65.-- Pass <i>makkhīyati</i> Miln.74.‹-› Caus.II.<i>makkhāpeti</i> to cause to be anointed J.I,486; DhA.I,400.-- pp.<i>makkhita</i>.(Page 512),8,1
  6582. 264427,en,15,makkhi-vala,makkhi-vāla,Makkhi-vāla,Makkhi-vāla,[cp.makaci-pilotikā] a cloth of hair for straining J.II,97.(Page 512),11,1
  6583. 264433,en,15,makkhika,makkhikā,Makkhikā,Makkhikā,(f.) [cp.Vedic makṣika &#38; makṣikā] a fly M.III,148; Nd<sup>1</sup> 484; J.II,275 (nīla°); III,263 (pingala° gadfly),402; SnA 33 (pingala°),572 (id.); DhA.IV,58; Sdhp.396,529.(Page 512),8,1
  6584. 264481,en,15,makkhin,makkhin,Makkhin,Makkhin,(adj.) [fr.makkha] concealing,hypocritical; harsh,merciless; often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>palāsin</i> (e.g.at Vin.II,89; J.III,259) D.III,45,246.<i>a° (+apalāsin)</i> D.III,47; A.III,111; Sn.116; Pug.22.(Page 512),7,1
  6585. 264487,en,15,makkhita,makkhita,Makkhita,Makkhita,[pp.of makkheti] smeared with (-°),soiled; anointed M.I,364 (lohita°); J.I,158 (madhu°); III,226 (piṭṭhi-maddena); V,71 (ruhira°); VI,391.(Page 512),8,1
  6586. 264532,en,15,makula,makula,Makula,Makula,[cp.Sk.makula] 1.a bud (Hardy in Index to VvA.gives “Mimusops elengi” <i>after</i> BR) Th.2,260; Vv 45<sup>26</sup>; J.I,273; II,33; IV,333; V,207 (makuḷa),416; Vism.230 (ḷ); 256 (paduma°); VvA.177 (kaṇavīra°),194 (makuḷa),197 (id.); VbhA.228,239 (where Vism.256 has makulita, &#38; KhA 53 mukulita).-- 2.a knob J.I,31; II,90; Vism.253 (kandala°).-- 3.v.l.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 485 B for pakulla (=pakuṭa).(Page 511),6,1
  6587. 264579,en,15,makuta,makuṭa,Makuṭa,Makuṭa,(f.) [cp.BSk.makuṭa Divy 411] a crest Abhp 283 (kirīṭa+,i.e.adornment).(Page 511),6,1
  6588. 264600,en,15,mala,mala,Mala,Mala,(nt.) [Vedic mala,see etym.under malina.The Dhtm (395) only knows of one root <em>mal</em> or <em>mall</em> in meaning “dhāraṇa” supporting,thus thinking of māḷaka] anything impure,stain (lit. &#38; fig.),dirt.In the Canon mostly fig.of impurities.On mala in similes see J.P.T.S.,1907,122.-- S.I,38 (itthi malaṃ brahmacariyassa),43 (id.); A.I,105 (issā°); Sn.378,469,962,1132 (=rāgo malaṃ etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 500); Nd<sup>1</sup> 15,478 sq.; Dh.239 sq.; Vbh.368 (tīṇi malāni),389 (nava purisa-malāni); Pv.II,3<sup>34</sup> (macchera°); PvA.45 (id.),80 (id.),17 (citta°); Sdhp.220.-- Compar.<i>malatara</i> a greater stain A.IV,195=Dh.243.-- See also <i>māla</i>.<br><br> <i>--âbhibhū</i> overcoming one’s sordidness S.I,18; J.IV,64.<i>--majjana</i> “dirt wiper,” a barber Vin.IV,308 (kasāvaṭa m.nihīnajacca); J.III,452; IV,365.(Page 524),4,1
  6589. 264610,en,15,mala,māla,Māla,Māla,(māḷa) [?] 1.mud [is it mis-spelling of mala?],in <i>pakka-m°-kalala</i> (boiling mud) J.VI,400.Kern,Toev.s.v.believes to see the same word in phrase <i>mālā-kacavara</i> at J.II,416 (but very doubtful).-- 2.perhaps= froth,dirty surface,in <i>pheṇa°</i> Miln.117 (cp.mālin 2),where it may however be <i>māla</i> (“wreaths of foam”).‹-› 3.in <i>asi°</i> the interpretation given under <i>asi</i> (as “dirt” see above p.88) has been changed into “sword-garland,” thus taking it as <i>mālā</i>.(Page 530),4,1
  6590. 264618,en,15,mala,mālā,Mālā,Mālā,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.mālā] garland,wreath,chaplet; collectively=flowers; fig.row,line Sn.401; Pug.56; Vism.265 (in simile); Pv.II,3<sup>16</sup> (gandha,m.,vilepana,as a “lady’s” toilet outfit); II,4<sup>9</sup> (as one of the 8 or 10 standard gifts to a bhikkhu:see dāna,deyyadhamma &#38; yañña); PvA.4=J.III,59 (<i>ratta-</i>kaṇavera° a wreath of red K.flowers on his head:apparel of a criminal to be executed.Cp.ratta-māla-dhara wearing a red garland J.III,179,an ensign of the executioner); PvA.51,62.--<i>asi</i> °-kamma the sword-garland torture (so correct under asi!) J.III,178; Dāvs III,35; <i>dīpa°</i> festoons of lamps Mhvs 5,181; 34,77 (°samujjota); <i>nakkhatta°</i> the garland of stars VvA.167; <i>puppha°</i> a garland or wreath of flowers Mhvs 5,181.-- On <i>mālā</i> in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,123.In comp<sup>n</sup> <i>māla°</i> sometimes stands for <i>mālā°</i>.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> garland-work,garlands,festoons VvA.188.<i>--kāra</i> garland-maker,florist,gardener (cp.Fick,Sociale Gleiderung 38,182) J.V,292; Miln.331; DhA.I,208,334; VvA.170,253 (°vīthi).<i>--kita</i> adorned with garlands,wreathed Vin.I,208.<i>--guṇa</i> “garland-string,” garlands,a cluster of garlands Dh.53 (=mālā-nikaṭi “makeup” garlands DhA.I,419; i.e.a whole line of garlands made as “ekato-vaṇṭika-mālā” and “ubhato-v.-m.,” one &#38; two stalked g.,cp.Vin.III,180).mālā guṇaparikkhittā one adorned with a string of gs.,i.e.a marriageable woman or a courtesan M.I,286=A.V,264.<i>--guḷa</i> a cluster of gs.,a bouquet Vin.III,139; SnA 224; VvA.32,111 (v.l.guṇa).<i>--cumbaṭaka</i> a cushion of garlands,a chaplet of flowers DhA.I,72.<i>--dāma</i> a wreath of flowers J.II,104.<i>--dhara</i> wearing a wreath J.III,179 (ratta°,see also above).<i>--dhārin</i> wearing a garland or wreath (on the head) Pv III,1<sup>1</sup> (kusuma°; v.l.BB °bhārin); PvA.169 (v.l.°bhārin); f.<i>dhārinī</i> Vv 32<sup>3</sup> (uppala°,of a Petī.See also bhārin).<i>--puṭa</i> a basket for flowers DhA.III,212.<i>--bhārin</i> wearing a wreath (chaplet) [the reading changes between °bhārin &#38; °dhārin; the BSk.prefers °dhārin,e.g.MVastu I.124 &#38; °dhāra at Divy 218] J.IV,60,82; V,45; PvA.211 (v.l.°dhārin); f.<i>°bhārinī</i> J.III,530; VvA.12; &#38; <i>bhārī</i> Th.1,459 (as v.l.; T.reads °dhārī).Cp.°dhārin.<i>--vaccha</i> [vaccha here= vṛkṣa] a small flowering tree or plant,an ornamental plant Vin.II,12; III,179; Vism.172 (v.l.°gaccha); DhA.II,109 (q.v.for expl<sup>n</sup>:taruṇarukkha-puppha).(Page 530),4,1
  6591. 264626,en,15,mala,māḷa,Māḷa,Māḷa,( &#38; Māla) [Non-Aryan,cp.Tamil māḍam house,hall] a sort of pavilion,a hall D.I,2 (maṇḍala°,same at Sn.p.104,which passage SnA 447 expl<sup>ns</sup> as “savitānaṃ maṇḍapaṃ”); Vin.I,140 (aṭṭa,māla,pāsāda; expl<sup>d</sup> at Vin.III,201.In the same sequence of Vbh.251 expl<sup>d</sup> at VbhA.366 as “bhojana-sālā-sadiso maṇḍala-māḷo; Vinay’aṭṭha-kathāyaṃ pana eka-kūṭasaṅgahito caturassa-pāsādo ti vuttaṃ”); Miln.46,47.-- Cp.<i>mālaka</i>.-- [The BSk.form is either <i>māla</i>,e.g.MVastu II.274,or <i>māḍa</i>,e.g.Mvyut 226,43.] (Page 531),4,1
  6592. 264747,en,15,malaka,mālaka,Mālaka,Mālaka,(Māḷaka) [fr.māla or māḷa] a circular (consecrated) enclosure,round,yard (cp.Geiger,Mhvs.trsl.99:“m.is a space marked off and usually terraced,within which sacred functions were carried out.In the Mahāvihāra (Tiss’ārāma) at Anurādhapura there were 32 mālakas; Dpvs XIV.78; Mhvs 15,192.The sacred Bodhi-tree e.g.was surrounded by a malaka”).-- The word is peculiar to the late (Jātaka-) literature, &#38; is not found in the older texts.-- J.I,449 (vikkama°); IV,306; V,49 (visāla°),138 (id.,spelling maḷaka); Mhvs 15,36 (Mahā-mucala°); 16,15; 32,58 (saṅghassa kamma°,encl.for ceremonial acts of the S.,cp.15,29); DhA.IV,115 (°sīmā); Vism.342 (vitakka°).(Page 530),6,1
  6593. 264750,en,15,malaka,māḷaka,Māḷaka,Māḷaka,[a Non-Aryan word,although the Dhtm 395 gives roots <em>mal </em>&<i> </i><em>mall</em> in meaning “dhāraṇa” (see under mala).Cp.malorika] a stand,viz.for alms-bowl (patta°) Vin.II,114,or for drinking vessel (pānīya°) J.VI,85.(Page 531),6,1
  6594. 264883,en,15,malati,mālatī,Mālatī,Mālatī,(f.) [fr.mālā] the great-flowered jasmine Abhp 576.Cp.<i>mālikā</i>.(Page 530),6,1
  6595. 264985,en,15,malika,mālika,Mālika,Mālika,<sup>2</sup> [fr.mālā] a gardener,florist Abhp 507.(Page 530),6,1
  6596. 264986,en,15,malika,mālika,Mālika,Mālika,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.mālā or mala?] name of a dice J.VI,281.(Page 530),6,1
  6597. 264990,en,15,malika,mālikā,Mālikā,Mālikā,(f.) [fr.mālā] double jasmine Dāvs 5,49.(Page 530),6,1
  6598. 264998,en,15,malin,mālin,Mālin,Mālin,(adj.) [fr.mālā] 1.wearing a garland (or row) of flowers (etc.) Pv III,9<sup>1</sup> (=mālābhārin PvA.211); f.<i>mālinī</i> Vv 36<sup>2</sup> (nānā-ratana°); Mhvs 18,30 (vividhadhaja° mahābodhi).-- 2.(perhaps to māla) bearing a stain of,muddy,in <i>pheṇa°</i> with a surface (or is it garland? ) of scum Miln.260.-- 3.what does it mean in <i>pañca°</i>,said at J.VI,497 of a wild animal? (C.not clear with expl<sup>n</sup> “pañcaṅgika-turiya-saddo viya”).(Page 530),5,1
  6599. 265004,en,15,malina,malina,Malina,Malina,(adj.) [fr.<em>mal</em>,<i> *</i><em>mel</em> to make dirty,to which belongs mala.-- Cp.Lat.mulleus reddish,purple; Gr.mέlas black,molu/nw to stain,mέltos reddish; Lith.mulvas yellowish,mélynas blue; Ohg.māl stain] dirty,stained,impure,usually lit.-- J.I,467; Miln.324; DhA.I,233; VvA.156; PvA.226; VbhA.498.(Page 525),6,1
  6600. 265029,en,15,malinaka,malinaka,Malinaka,Malinaka,(adj.) [malina+ka] dirty; with ref.to <i>loha</i>,a kind of copper,in the group of copper belonging to Pisāca VbhA.63.(Page 525),8,1
  6601. 265087,en,15,malla,malla,Malla,Malla,[cp.Sk.malla,perhaps a local term,cp.Cānura] a wrestler Vin.II,105 (°muṭṭhika) J.IV,81 (two,named Cānura and Muṭṭhika “fister”); Vism.31 (muṭṭhika+,i.e.boxing &#38; wrestling as amusements:see mada 1).Perhaps as “porter” Bdhgh on CV V,29.5 (see Vin.II,319).At Miln.191 the <i>mallā</i> are mentioned as a group or company; their designation might here refer to the Mallas,a tribe,as other tribes are given at the same passage (e.g.Atoṇā,Pisācā).Cp.Bhallaka.<br><br> <i>--gaṇa</i> troop of professional wrestlers Miln.331.<i>--muṭṭhika</i> boxer Vin.II,105.<i>--yuddha</i> wrestling contest Miln.232; DhA.II,154; DA.I,85.<i>--yuddhaka</i> a professional wrestler J.IV,81.(Page 525),5,1
  6602. 265109,en,15,mallaka,mallaka,Mallaka,Mallaka,[cp.Sk.mallaka &#38; mallika] 1.a bowl,a vessel (?) used in bathing Vin.II,106 (mallakena nahāyati; or is it a kind of scrubber? Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> of this passage (CV v.I.4) on p.315 is not quite clear; mallakaṃ nāma makara-dantike chinditvā mūllakamūla-saṇṭhānena kata-mallakaṃ vuccati; akata° danta achinditvā kataṃ).It may bear some ref.to malla on p.105 (see malla) &#38; to mallika-makula (see below mallikā).-- 2.a cup,drinking vessel A.I,250 (udaka°).-- 3.a bowl J.III,21 (kaṃsa°=taṭṭaka).-- 4.in kheḷa° a spittoon Vin.I,48; II,175.-- Note.W.Printz in “Bhāsa’s Prākrit.” p.45,compares Śaurasenī maḷḷaa,Hindī maḷḷ(a) “cup,” maliyā “a small vessel (of wood or cocoanut-shell) for holding the oil used in unction,” mālā “cocoanut-shell,” and adds:probably a Dravidian word.(Page 525),7,1
  6603. 265186,en,15,mallika,mallikā,Mallikā,Mallikā,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.mallikā,Halāyudha 2,51; Daṇḍin 2,214] Arabian jasmine Dh.54 (tagara°); J.I,62; III,291; V,420; Miln.333,338; DhsA.14; KhA 44.<i>mallika-makula</i> opening bud of the jasmine Visni 251=VbhA.234 (°saṇṭhāna,in descr,of shape of the 4 canine teeth).-- See also <i>mālikā</i>.(Page 525),7,1
  6604. 265208,en,15,malorika,maḷorikā,Maḷorikā,Maḷorikā,(f.) [prob.dialectical for māḷaka:cp.mallaka] a stand,(tripod) for a bowl,formed of sticks Vin.II,124 (=daṇḍ’ādhāraka Bdhgh on p.318).(Page 525),8,1
  6605. 265212,en,15,maluka,māluka,Māluka,Māluka,(m.or f.?) [of uncertain origin] a kind of vessel,only in <i>camma°</i> leather bag (?) J.VI,431 (where v.l.reads camma-pasibbakāhi vālukādīhi),432 (gloss c.‹-› pasibbaka).(Page 531),6,1
  6606. 265228,en,15,malura,mālūra,Mālūra,Mālūra,[late Sk.] the tree Aegle marmelos Abhp 556.(Page 531),6,1
  6607. 265237,en,15,maluta,māluta,Māluta,Māluta,[the proper Pali form for māruta,the a-stem form of maru<sup>2</sup>=Vedic marut or māruta] wind,air,breeze S.IV,218; Th.I,2; II,372; J.I,167; IV,222; V,328; VI,189; Miln.319; Vism.172 (=vāyu); VvA.174,178.<br><br> <i>--īrita</i> (contracted to <i>māluterita</i>) moved by the wind,fanned by the breeze Th.1,754; II,372; Vv 44<sup>12</sup>=81<sup>6</sup>; Pv.II,12<sup>3</sup>.See similar expressions under īrita.(Page 531),6,1
  6608. 265258,en,15,maluva,māluvā,Māluvā,Māluvā,(f.) [cp.BSk.mālu] a (long) creeper M.I,306; S.I,207; A.I,202 sq.; Sn.272; Dh.162,334; J.III,389; V,205,215,389; V,205,215,389; VI,528 (phandana°); DhA.III,152; IV,43.-- On <i>maluvā</i> in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,123.(Page 531),6,1
  6609. 265298,en,15,malya,malya,Malya,Malya,(nt.) [for *mālya,fr.māla] flower,garland of flowers Vv 1<sup>1</sup> (-dhara); 2<sup>1</sup>; J.V,188 (puppha°),420.‹-› The reading at Pv III,3<sup>3</sup> (pahūta°,adj.having many rows of flowers) is <i>mālya</i>.(Page 525),5,1
  6610. 265307,en,15,malya,mālya,Mālya,Mālya,see <i>malya</i>.(Page 531),5,1
  6611. 265332,en,15,mama,mama,Mama,Mama,Gen.Dat.of pers.pron.ahaṃ (q.v.) used quasi independently (as substitute for our “self-”) in phrase mama-y-idaṃ Sn.806 thought of “this is mine,” cp.S.I,14,i.e.egoism,belief in a real personal entity,expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 124 by maññanā conceit,illusion.Also in var.phrases with kṛ in form mamaṃ°,viz.mamaṅkāra etc.-- As adj.“self-like,selfish” only neg.amama unselfish Sn.220 (=mamatta-virahita SnA 276); Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup> (=mamaṅkāra-virahita PvA.230); J.IV,372; VI,259.See also amama,cp.māmaka.(Page 523),4,1
  6612. 265352,en,15,mamaka,māmaka,Māmaka,Māmaka,(adj.) [fr.mama] lit.“mine,” one who shows affection (not only for himself),making one’s own,i.e.devoted to,loving Sn.806 (=Buddha°,Dhamma°,Saṅgha° Nd<sup>1</sup> 125; =mamāyamāna SnA 534),927 (same expl<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 382); Miln.184 (ahiṃsayaṃ paraṃ loke piyo hohisi māmako ti),-- <i>Buddha°</i> devoted to the B.J.I,299; DhA.I,206.f.<i>°māmikā</i> J.III,182.‹-› In Voc.f.<i>māmike</i> at Th.2,207 (cp.ThA.172) “mother,” we may perhaps have an allusion to <i>mā</i> “mother” [cp.Sk.māma uncle,Lat.mamma mother,and mātā].--amāmaka see sep.; this may also be taken as “not loving.” (Page 529),6,1
  6613. 265395,en,15,mamankara,mamaṅkāra,Mamaṅkāra,Mamaṅkāra,[mamaṃ (=mama)+kāra,cp.ahaṃ+kāra] selfish attachment,self-interest,selfishness PvA.230.In canonic books only in comb<sup>n</sup> with ahaṅkāra &#38; mān’ânusaya (belief in an ego and bias of conceit),e.g.at M.III,18,32; S.III,80,103,136,169; IV,41,197,202; A.I,132 sq.; III,444.See also mamiṅkāra.(Page 523),9,1
  6614. 265400,en,15,mamankarana,mamaṅkāraṇa,Mamaṅkāraṇa,Mamaṅkāraṇa,(nt.) [fr.mamaṃ+kṛ] treating with tenderness,solicitude,fondness J.V,331.(Page 523),11,1
  6615. 265425,en,15,mamatta,mamatta,Mamatta,Mamatta,(nt.) [fr.mama] selfishness,self-love,egoism; conceit,pride in (--°),attachment to (--°).Sn.806,871,951; Th.1,717; Nd<sup>1</sup> 49 (two:taṇhā &#38; diṭṭhi°); Nd<sup>2</sup> 499 (id.but as masc.); SnA 276; DhsA.199; PvA.19.(Page 523),7,1
  6616. 265450,en,15,mamayana,mamāyanā,Mamāyanā,Mamāyanā,(f.)=mamatta (selfishness) J.VI,259 (°taṇhārahita in expl<sup>n</sup> of amama).(Page 523),8,1
  6617. 265481,en,15,mamayati,mamāyati,Mamāyati,Mamāyati,[denom.fr.mama,cp.Sk.mamāyate in same meaning (not with Böhtlingk &#38; Roth:envy) at MBh XII.8051 and Aṣṭas Prajñā Pāramitā 254] to be attached to,to be fond of,to cherish,tend,foster,love M.I,260; S.III,190; Th.1,1150; Sn.922 (mamāyetha); Nd<sup>1</sup> 125 (Bhagavantaṃ); J.IV,359 (=piyāyati C.); Miln.73; VbhA.107 (mamāyatī ti mātā:in pop.etym.of mātā); DhA.I,11; SnA 534; Mhvs 20,4.-- pp.mamāyita.(Page 523),8,1
  6618. 265507,en,15,mamayita,mamāyita,Mamāyita,Mamāyita,[pp.of mamāyati] cherished,beloved; as n.nt.attachment,fondness of,pride.-- (adj.or pp.) S.II,94 (etaṃ ajjhositaṃ,m.,parāmaṭṭhaṃ); Sn.119; DhA.I,11.-- (nt.:) Sn.466,777,805,950=Dh.367 (expl<sup>d</sup> as:yassa “ahan” ti vā “maman” ti vā gāho n’atthi DhA.IV,100); Sn.1056 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 499).(Page 523),8,1
  6619. 265534,en,15,maminkara,mamiṅkāra,Mamiṅkāra,Mamiṅkāra,[for maman°,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 19] self-love,self-interest,egoism M.I,486; III,32 (at both places also ahiṅkāra for ahaṅkāra).(Page 523),9,1
  6620. 265536,en,15,maminkaroti,mamiṅkaroti,Mamiṅkaroti,Mamiṅkaroti,[mama(ṃ)+<em>kṛ</em> “to make one’s own”] to be fond of,to cherish,tend,foster J.V,330.(Page 523),11,1
  6621. 265549,en,15,mamma,mamma,Mamma,Mamma,(nt.) [Vedic marman,fr.<em>mṛd</em>] soft spot of the body,a vital spot (in the Vedas chiefly between the ribs near the heart),joint.A popular etym.and expl<sup>n</sup> of the word is given at Expos.132<sup>n3</sup> (on DhsA.100).-- J.II,228; III,209; DhsA.396.<br><br> --ghaṭṭana hitting a vital spot (of speech,i.e.backbiting.Cp.piṭṭhi-maṃsika) DhA.IV,182.--chedaka breaking the joints (or ribs),violent (fig.of hard speech) DhA.I,75; DhsA.100.(Page 523),5,1
  6622. 265578,en,15,mammana,mammana,Mammana,Mammana,(adj.) [onomat.cp.babbhara.With Sk.marmara rustling to Lat.fremo to roar=Gr.brέmw to thud,brontή thunder,Ger.brummen.Cp.also Sk.murmura=P.mummura &#38; muramurā,Lat.murmur] stammering,stuttering Vin.II,90 (one of the properties of bad or faulty speech,comb<sup>d</sup> with dubbaca &#38; eḷagalavāca).(Page 523),7,1
  6623. 265597,en,15,mamsa,maṃsa,Maṃsa,Maṃsa,(nt.) [cp.Vedic māṃsa,fr.Idg.*memsro-,as in Gr.mhrόs thigh,Lat.membrum limb (“member”); Goth.mims flesh; Oir mīr bite,bit (of flesh)] flesh,meat S.II,97 (putta°); Dh.152; J.III,184; Pug.55; Vism.258,357 (in compar.); DhA.I,375 (putta°); II,51 (alla° living flesh); VbhA.58,61 (pilotika-paliveṭhita).Described and defined in detail as one of the 32 ākāras or constituents of the human body at Vism.252,354; KhA 46; VbhA.235.<br><br> <i>--ûpasecana</i> sauce for meat J.III,144=VI,24; DhA.I,344.<i>--kalyāṇa</i> beauty of flesh,one of the 5 beauties of a girl (see kalyāṇa) J.I,394; DhA.I,387.<i>--khādaka</i> flesh-eater J.VI,530.<i>--cakkhu</i> the bodily eye,one of the 5 kinds of the sense of sight (see cakkhu III) D.III,219; Nd<sup>1</sup> 100,354.<i>--dhovanī odaka</i> water for washing meat KhA 54.<i>--piṇḍika</i> a meat-ball,lump of flesh Vism.256.<i>--puñja</i> a heap of flesh Vism.361 (in comp.); VbhA.67.<i>--pesi</i> a piece of flesh or meat (see on simile J.P.T.S.1907,122) Vin.II,25; III,105 (°ṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ addasaṃ); M.I,143; A.III,97; Miln.280; Vism.195,252,468; DhA.I,164; VbhA.235; <i>--lohita</i> flesh &#38; blood Dh.150.(Page 511),5,1
  6624. 265846,en,15,mamsi,maṃsi,Maṃsi,Maṃsi,(f.) [cp.Sk.māṃsī] a certain plant Nardostychus jatamansi J.VI,535.(Page 511),5,1
  6625. 265853,en,15,mamsika,maṃsika,Maṃsika,Maṃsika,[fr.maṃsa; cp.*Sk.māṃsika] 1.a dealer in meat,meat-seller Miln.331.-- 2.in <i>piṭṭhi°</i> the °ka belongs to the whole cpd.,thus:one who is a backbiter,a slanderer Sn.244 (=piṭṭhi-maṃsa-khādaka SnA 287).Similarly piṭṭhi-maṃsikatā (q.v.) Nd<sup>2</sup> 39<sup>1</sup>.(Page 511),7,1
  6626. 265926,en,15,mana,māna,Māna,Māna,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>mā</em><i>:</i> see mināti; Vedic māna has 2 meanings,viz.“measure,” and “building” (cp.māpeti)] 1.measure Vin.III,149 (abbhantarima inner,bāhirima outer); DA.I,140.<i>--°kūṭa</i> cheating in measure,false measure Pug.58; PvA.278.-- 2.a certain measure,a Māna (cp.mānikā &#38; manaṃ) J.I,468 (aḍḍha° half a M.,according to C.equal to 8 nāḷis).(Page 528),4,1
  6627. 265927,en,15,mana,māna,Māna,Māna,[late Vedic &#38; Epic Sk.māna,fr.<i>man</i>,orig.meaning perhaps “high opinions” (i.e.No.2); hence “pride” (No.1).Def.of root see partly under māneti,partly under mināti] 1.pride,conceit,arrogance (cittassa uṇṇati Nd<sup>1</sup> 80; Vbh.350).Māna is one of the Saññojanas.It is one of the principal obstacles to Arahantship.A detailed analysis of māna in tenfold aspect is given at Nd<sup>1</sup> 80=Nd<sup>2</sup> 505; ending with def<sup>n</sup> “māno maññanā ...ketukamyatā” etc.(cp.Vbh.350 &#38; see under <i>mada</i>).On term see also Dhs.§ 1116; Dhs.trsl.298 (=<sup>2</sup>275) sq.-- D.III,234; S.I,4; Sn.132,370; 469,537,786,889,943,Dh.74,150,407; Nd<sup>1</sup> 298; Pug.18; Vbh.345 sq.,353 sq.,383 (7 fold),389 (9 fold); VbhA.486 sq.(“seyyo’ham asmī ti” etc.); Tikp 166,278; DhA.III,118,252; Sdhp.500,539.--<i>asmi°</i> pride of self,as real egoism D.III,273.-- 2.honour,respect J.V,331 (+pūjā).Usually in cpd.<i>bahumāna</i> great respect Mhvs 20,46; PvA.50.Also as <i>māni°</i> in comp<sup>n</sup> with karoti:see <i>mānikata</i>.Cp.vi°,sam°<br><br> <i>--âtimāna</i> pride &#38; conceit,very great (self-) pride.or all kinds of conceit (see 10 fold māna at Nd<sup>1</sup> 80= Nd<sup>2</sup> 505) D.III,86; Sn.245,830,862; Nd<sup>1</sup> 170,257.<i>--atthe</i> at Th.1,214 read mânatthe=mā anatthe.<i>--ânusaya</i> the predisposition or bad tendency of pride M.I,486; D.III,254,282; Sn.342.Cp.mamaṅkāra.<i>--âbhisamaya</i> full grasp (i.e.understanding) of pride (with sammā°) M.I,122 (which Kern.Toev.s.v.interprets wrongly as “waanvoorstelling”); S.IV,205 sq.,399; Sn.342 (=mānassa abhisamayo khayo vayo pahānaṃ SnA 344).<i>--jātika</i> proud by nature J.I,88.<i>--thaddha</i> stubborn in pride,stiff-necked J.I,88,224.<i>--da</i> inspiring respect Mhvs 33,82.<i>--mada</i> (-matta) (drunk with) the intoxicating draught of pride J.II,259; PvA.86.<i>--saññojana</i> the fetter of pride or arrogance D.III,254; Dhs.1116=1233.See under <i>saññojana</i> &#38; cp.formulæ under <i>mada</i> 2.<i>--satta</i> cleaving to conceit Sn.473.<i>--salla</i> the sting or dart of pride Nd<sup>1</sup> 59 (one of the 7 sallāni,viz.rāga,dosa,moha etc.,expl<sup>d</sup> in detail on p.413.See other series with similar terms &#38; māna at Nd<sup>2</sup> p.237 s.v.rāga).(Page 528),4,1
  6628. 266071,en,15,manam,manaṃ,Manaṃ,Manaṃ,(adv.) [cp.Class.Sk.manāk,“a little (of something)” prob.derived from Vedic manā f.a.gold weight =Gr.mna_] “by a certain weight,” i.e.a little,somewhat,almost,well-nigh,nearly.Comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>vata</i> in exclamation:M.II,123 (m.v.bho anassāma); DhA.III,147 (m.v.therī nāsitā).Often in phrase <i>man’amhi</i> (with pp.).“I nearly was so &#38; so,” e.g.Vin.I,109 (vuḷho); J.I,405 (upakūḷito); III,435 (matā),531 (mārāpito).Cp.BSk.manāsmi khāditā MVastu II.450.(Page 519),5,1
  6629. 266125,en,15,manana,mānana,Mānana,Mānana,(nt.) &#38; <i>Mānanā</i> (f.) [fr.māna<sup>1</sup>] paying honour or respect; reverence,respect S.I,66; J.II,138; Pug.19,22; Miln.377 (with sakkāra,vandana,pūjana &#38; apaciti); Dhs.1121; DhsA.373.-- Cp.vi°,sam°.(Page 529),6,1
  6630. 266190,en,15,manapa,manāpa,Manāpa,Manāpa,(adj.) [cp.BSk.manāpa] pleasing,pleasant,charming Sn.22,759; Dh.339 (°ssavana); VvA.71; PvA.3,9.Often in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>piya manāpa</i>,e.g.D.II,19; III,167; J.II,155; IV,132.-- Opp.<i>a°</i>,e.g.Pug.32.(Page 519),6,1
  6631. 266307,en,15,manapika,manāpika,Manāpika,Manāpika,=manāpa,Vbh.380; Miln.362.(Page 519),8,1
  6632. 266346,en,15,manasa,manasa,Manasa,Manasa,(adj.) [the --° form of mano,an enlarged form,for which usually either °mana or °mānasa] having a mind,with such &#38; such a mind Sn.942 (nibbāna° “a nibbāna mind,” one who is intent upon N.,cp.expl<sup>n</sup> at SnA 567); Pv.I,6<sup>6</sup> (paduṭṭha-manasā f.,maybe °mānasā; but PvA.34 expl<sup>ns</sup> “paduṭṭha-cittā paduṭṭhena vā manasā).See also adhimanasa under <i>adhimana</i>.(Page 519),6,1
  6633. 266355,en,15,manasa,mānasa,Mānasa,Mānasa,(nt.) [a secondary formation fr.manas=mano,already Vedic lit.“belonging to mind”] intention,purpose,mind (as active force),mental action.Almost equivalent to mano Dhs.§ 6.In later language mānasa is quite synonymous with hadaya.The word,used absolutely,is more a t.t.in philosophy than a living part of the language.It is more frequent as --° in adj.use,where its connection with <i>mano</i> is still more felt.Its absolute use probably originated from the latter use.-- DhsA.140 (=mano); Vbh.144 sq.(in definition of viññāṇa as cittaṃ,mano,mānasaṃ,hadayaṃ etc.:see mano II.3); DhA.II,12 (paradāre mānasaṃ na bandhissāmi “shall have no intention towards another’s wife,” i.e.shall not desire another’s wife); Mhvs 4,6 (sabbesaṃ hita-mānasā with the intention of common welfare); 32,56 (rañño hāsesi mānasaṃ gladdened the heart of the king).-- As adj.(-°):being of such &#38; such a mind,having a ...mind,with a ...heart; like:<i>ādīna°</i> with his mind in danger S.V,74 (+apatiṭṭhitacitta); <i>uggata°</i> lofty-minded VvA.217; <i>pasanna°</i> with settled (peaceful) mind Sn.402 and frequently; <i>mūḷha°</i> infatuated Mhvs 5,239; <i>rata°</i> PvA.19; <i>sañcodita°</i> urged (in her heart) PvA.68; <i>soka-santatta°</i> with a heart burning with grief PvA.38.(Page 529),6,1
  6634. 266426,en,15,manasana,mānasāna,Mānasāna,Mānasāna,(adj.) [fr.mānasa,secondary formation]= mānasa in adj.use Sn.63 (rakkhita°).(Page 529),8,1
  6635. 266667,en,15,manassa,manassa,Manassa,Manassa,(nt.) [*manasyaṃ,abstr.der.fr.mana(s)] of a mind,only in cpds.do° &#38; so° (q.v.).(Page 519),7,1
  6636. 266676,en,15,manassin,mānassin,Mānassin,Mānassin,(adj.n.) [prob.fr.manassin (*manasvin) under influence of māna.Cp.similar formation mānavant] proud Vin.II,183 (expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh in a popular way as “mana-ssayino māna-nissitā”).The corresponding passage at J.I,88 reads māna-jātikā māna-tthaddhā.(Page 529),8,1
  6637. 266680,en,15,manata,manatā,Manatā,Manatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.mano] mentality DhsA.143 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of attamanatā).(Page 519),6,1
  6638. 266698,en,15,manati,manāti,Manāti,Manāti,[cp.Sk.mṛṇāti,<em>mṛ</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>] to crush,destroy; only in Commentator’s fanciful etymological analysis of <i>veramaṇī</i> at DhsA.218 (veraṃ manāti (sic.) vināsetī ti v.) and KhA 24 (veraṃ maṇātī ti v.,veraṃ pajahati vinodeti etc.).(Page 519),6,1
  6639. 266716,en,15,manatta,mānatta,Mānatta,Mānatta,(nt.) [a doubtful word,prob.corrupted out of something else,maybe omānatta,if taken as der.fr.māna<sup>1</sup>.If however taken as belonging to māna<sup>2</sup> as an abstr.der.,it might be expl<sup>d</sup> as “measuring,taking measures,” which suits the context better.The BSk.form is still more puzzling,viz.mānāpya “something pleasant”:Mvyut § 265] a sort of penance,attached to the commission of a saṅghādisesa offence DhsA.399 (+parivāsa).<i>°ṃ deti</i> to inflict penance on somebody Vin.II,7 (+parivāsaṃ deti); IV,225.<i>mānatt’âraha</i> deserving penance Vin.II,55,162 (parivāsika+).See on term Vin.Texts II.397.(Page 528),7,1
  6640. 266792,en,15,manava,māṇava,Māṇava,Māṇava,[cp.Sk.māṇava] a youth,young man,esp.a young Brahmin Sn.1022,1027,1028; J.IV,391 (brāhmaṇa°); DA.I,36=satto pi coro pi taruṇo pi; DhA.I,89.pl.māṇavā men Th.2,112.-- The spelling mānava occurs at Sn.456,589, &#38; Pv.I,8<sup>7</sup> (=men Th.II,112; kumāra PvA.41).(Page 527),6,1
  6641. 266799,en,15,manava,mānava,Mānava,Mānava,see <i>Māṇava</i>.(Page 529),6,1
  6642. 266827,en,15,manavaka,māṇavaka,Māṇavaka,Māṇavaka,[fr.māṇava] a young man,youth a Brahmin Miln.101; in general:young,e.g.<i>nāga°</i> a young serpent J.III,276; f.<i>°ikā</i> a Brahmin girl J.I,290; Miln.101; <i>nāga°</i> a young female serpent J.III,275; DhA.III,232.(Page 527),8,1
  6643. 266851,en,15,manavant,mānavant,Mānavant,Mānavant,(adj.) [fr.māna<sup>1</sup>] possessed of pride,full of conceit; neg.<i>a°</i> not proud Th.1,1222.(Page 529),8,1
  6644. 266933,en,15,manca,mañca,Mañca,Mañca,[cp.Epic Sk.mañca stand,scaffolding,platform] a couch,bed Vin.IV,39,40 (where 4 kinds are mentioned,which also apply to the def<sup>n</sup> of <i>pīṭha</i>,viz.masāraka,bundikābaddha,kuḷīra-pādaka,āhacca-pādaka; same def<sup>n</sup> at VbhA.365); Sn.401; J.III,423; DhA.I,89 (°ṃ bandhati to tie a bed or two together),130; IV,16; VbhA.20; VvA.291; PvA.93.-- heṭṭhā mañce underneath the bed J.I,197 (as place where domestic pigs lie); II,419 (id.); II,275 (where a love-sick youth lies down in the park).<br><br> <i>--atimañca</i> bed upon bed,i.e.beds placed on top of each other serving as grand stands at a fair or festival J.III,456; VI,277; DhA.IV,59.<i>--parāyaṇa</i> ending in bed,kept in bed Pv.II,2<sup>5</sup> (nīla°,fig.for being buried); DhA.I,183 (with v.l.maccu°,just as likely,but see maccuparāyaṇa).<i>--pīṭha</i> couch and chair Vin.II,270 sq.; A.III,51; VvA.9,220,295.<i>--vāna</i> stuffing of a couch DhA.I,234.(Page 515),5,1
  6645. 266958,en,15,mancaka,mañcaka,Mañcaka,Mañcaka,[fr.mañca] bed,couch,bedstead Vin.I,271; S.I,121=III,123; J.I,91; III,423; Th.2,115; Miln.10; DhA.II,53.(Page 515),7,1
  6646. 267076,en,15,manda,maṇḍa,Maṇḍa,Maṇḍa,[later Sk.maṇḍa,perhaps dial.from *mranda,cp.Sk.vi-mradati to soften.Attempts at etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.mollis.Cp.also mattikā] the top part,best part of milk or butter,etc.i.e.cream,scum; fig.essence of,the pick of,finest part of anything.<i>parisā°</i> the cream of a gathering,the pick of the congregation,excellent congregation A.I,72 (or for °maṇḍala?); <i>bodhi°</i> essence of enlightenment,highest state of enlightenment; in later literature objectively “the best place of enlightenment,the Throne of Enlightenment or of the Buddha” (does it stand for °maṇḍala in this meaning?) J.IV,233 (cp.puthavi-maṇḍa ibid. &#38; puthavi-maṇḍala Sn.990); DhA.I,86; II,69; IV,72.<i>sappi°</i> “cream of butter,” the finest ghee (cp.AvŚ I.15<sup>13</sup> sarpimaṇḍa) D.I,201; A.II,95; Pug.70; Miln.322.--<i>maṇḍaṃ karoti</i> to put into the best condition,to make pleasant SnA 81.--manda at DhsA.100 is to be read <i>baddha</i> (v.l.BB).Cp.Expos.132<sup>n</sup>.<br><br> <i>--khetta</i> best soil,fertile ground Miln.255.<i>--peyya</i> to be drunk like cream,i.e.of the finest quality,first-class S.II,20 (°ṃ idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ).(Page 516),5,1
  6647. 267091,en,15,manda,manda,Manda,Manda,(adj.) [cp.late-Vedic &#38; Epic manda] 1.slow,lazy,indolent; mostly with ref.to the intellectual faculties,therefore:dull,stupid,slow of grasp,ignorant,foolish M.I,520 (+momuha); Sn.666,820 (=momūha Nd<sup>1</sup> 153),1051 (=mohā avidvā etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 498); Dh.325 (=amanasikārā manda-pañña DhA.IV,17); J.IV,221; Pug.65,69; KhA 53,54.-- 2.slow,yielding little result,unprofitable (of udaka,water,with respect to fish; and gocara,feeding on fishes) J.I,221.-- 3.[in this meaning probably=Vedic mandra “pleasant,pleasing,” although Halāyudha gives mandākṣa as “bashful”] soft,tender (with ref.to eyes),lovely,in cpds.<i>°akkhin</i> having lovely (soft) eyes J.III,190; and <i>°locana</i> id.Th.2,375 (kinnari-manda°=manda-puthu-vilocana ThA.253); Pv.I,11<sup>5</sup> (miga-manda°=migī viya mand’akkhī PvA.57); Vv 64<sup>11</sup> (miga-m°=miga-cchāpikānaṃ viya mudu siniddha-diṭṭhi-nipāta).-- 4.In cpd.<i>picu</i> (or puci°) <i>manda</i> the Nimb tree,it means “tree” (?) see picu-manda &#38; puci-manda.-- 5.In composition with <i>bhū</i> it assumes the form <i>mandī°</i>,e.g.mandībhūta slowed down,enfeebled,diminished J.I,228; VbhA.157.<br><br> <i>--valāhakā</i> a class of fairies or demi-gods D.II,259 (“fragile spirits of the clouds” trsl.).(Page 523),5,1
  6648. 267173,en,15,mandaka,maṇḍaka,Maṇḍaka,Maṇḍaka,[fr.maṇḍa] 1.the cream of the milk,whey,in <i>dadhi°</i> whey S.II,111.-- 2.the scum of stagnant water,i.e.anything that floats on the surface &#38; dirties the water,water-weeds,moss etc.J.II,304 (gloss sevāla).(Page 516),7,1
  6649. 267175,en,15,mandaka,mandaka,Mandaka,Mandaka,[?] according to Kern,Toev.s.v.=*mandra (of sound:deep,bass)+ka; a sort of drum J.VI,580.(Page 523),7,1
  6650. 267201,en,15,mandakini,mandākinī,Mandākinī,Mandākinī,(f.) N.of one of the seven great lakes in the Himavant,enum<sup>d</sup> at A.IV,101; J.V,415; Vism.416; SnA 407; DA.I,164.(Halāyudha 3,51 gives m.as a name for the Gaṅges.) (Page 523),9,1
  6651. 267228,en,15,mandala,maṇḍala,Maṇḍala,Maṇḍala,[cp.Vedic maṇḍala] 1.circle D.I,134 (paṭhavi°,cp.puthavi° Sn.990); Vism.143 (°ṃ karoti to draw a circle,in simile),174 (tipu° &#38; rajata° lead- &#38; silver circle,in kasiṇa practice); VvA.147 (of a fan=tālapattehi kata°-vījanī).-- 2.the disk of the sun or moon; <i>suriya°</i> VvA.224,271 (divasa-kara°); <i>canda°</i> Vism.174; PvA.65.-- 3.a round,flat surface,e.g.jānu° the disk of the knee,i.e.the knee PvA.179; naḷāta° the (whole of the) forehead D.I,106; Sn.p.108.-- 4.an enclosed part of space in which something happens,a circus ring; e.g.M.I,446 (circus,race-ring); <i>assa°</i> horse-circus,raceground,Vism.308; <i>āpāna°</i> drinking circle,i.e.hall; <i>kīḷa°</i> play-circle,i.e.games J.VI,332,333; DhA.III,146; <i>keḷi°</i> dice board (?) J.I,379; <i>gā°</i> Th.I,1143,cp.trs.ib.n.3; <i>go°</i> ox-round Sn.301; <i>jūta°</i> dicing table J.I,293; <i>yuddha°</i> fightingring Vism.190; <i>raṅga°</i> play-house VvA.139; <i>vāta°</i> tornado J.I,73.-- 5.anything comprised within certain limits or boundaries,a group J.V,418 (chāpa° litter of young animals).-- 6.border as part of a bhikkhu’s dress,hem,gusset Vin.I,287; II,177.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> [cp.Sk.maṇḍal’āgra Halāyudha 2,317 at Aufrecht p.301] a circular sword or sabre Miln.339.<i>--māla</i> (sometimes <i>māḷa</i>) a circular hall with a peaked roof,a pavilion D.I,2,50 (ḷ); Miln.16 (ḷ); Sn.p.104; SnA 132 (Npl.); VvA.175.(Page 516),7,1
  6652. 267260,en,15,mandalaka,mandālaka,Mandālaka,Mandālaka,[etym.?] a water-plant (kind of lotus) J.IV,539; VI,47,279,564.(Page 523),9,1
  6653. 267327,en,15,mandalika,maṇḍalika,Maṇḍalika,Maṇḍalika,(adj.-n.) [fr.maṇḍala,cp.maṇḍalaka-rājā “the king of a small country” Mvyut 94] a district officer,king’s deputy Vin.III,47 f.<i>maṇḍalikā</i>=maṇḍala 4,i.e.circus,ring,round,in <i>assa°</i> race court Vin.III,6.(Page 517),9,1
  6654. 267344,en,15,mandalin,maṇḍalin,Maṇḍalin,Maṇḍalin,(adj.) [fr.maṇḍala] 1.circular Th.1,863 (maṇḍali-pākāra).-- 2.having a disk,orbed (of the sun) S.I,51=VvA.116.(Page 517),8,1
  6655. 267378,en,15,mandamukhi,mandāmukhi,Mandāmukhi,Mandāmukhi,(f.) [dialectical? reading a little doubtful] a coal-pan,a vessel for holding embers for the sake of heating Vin.I,32 (=aggi-bhājana C.); VvA.147 (mandamukhī,stands for aṅgara-kapalla p.142 in expl<sup>n</sup> of hattha-patāpaka Vv 33<sup>32</sup>).(Page 523),10,1
  6656. 267393,en,15,mandana,maṇḍana,Maṇḍana,Maṇḍana,(nt.) [fr.<em>maṇḍ</em>] ornament,adornment,finery D.I,5,7; J.VI,64; Pug.21,58; Vbh.351; VbhA.477; Dhtm 13.See under <i>mada</i>.<br><br> <i>--ânuyoga</i> practice of ornamenting,fondness of finery Vin.I,190.<i>--jātika</i> of an ornament (-loving) nature,fond of dressing D.I,80=Vin.II,255=M.II,19,32.(Page 516),7,1
  6657. 267473,en,15,mandapa,maṇḍapa,Maṇḍapa,Maṇḍapa,[cp.late Sk.maṇḍapa] a temporary shed or hall erected on special or festive occasions,an awning,tent Vin.I,125; Vism.96,300 (dhamma-savaṇa°),339 sq.(in simile); DhA.I,112; II,45; III,206 (°kāraka); PvA.74,171,194; VvA.173.(Page 516),7,1
  6658. 267580,en,15,mandarava,mandārava,Mandārava,Mandārava,[cp.Sk.mandāra] the coral tree,Erythrina fulgens (considered also as one of the 5 celestial trees).The blossoms mentioned D.II,137 fall from the next world.-- D.II,137; Vv 22<sup>2</sup> (cp.VvA.111); J.I,13,39; Miln.13,18 (dibbāni m.-pupphāni abhippavassiṃsu).(Page 523),9,1
  6659. 267625,en,15,mandata,mandatā,Mandatā,Mandatā,(f.)=mandatta Sdhp.19.(Page 523),7,1
  6660. 267650,en,15,mandatta,mandatta,Mandatta,Mandatta,(nt.) [fr.manda] stupidity M.I,520; Pug.69.(Page 523),8,1
  6661. 267710,en,15,mandeti,maṇḍeti,Maṇḍeti,Maṇḍeti,[<em>maṇḍ</em> to adorn,related to Lat.mundus world,cp.in meaning Gr.kόsmos=ornament Dhtp 103 bhūsane,566:bhūsāyaṃ] to adorn,embellish,beautify J.III,138; DhA.II,86.-- pp.<i>maṇḍita</i>.(Page 517),7,1
  6662. 267740,en,15,mandi°,mandī°,Mandī°,Mandī°,see manda<sup> 5</sup>.(Page 523),6,1
  6663. 267767,en,15,mandira,mandira,Mandira,Mandira,(nt.) [cp.late Sk.mandira] a house,edifice,palace Sn.996,1012; J.V,480; VI,269,270; Dāvs II.67 (dhātu° shrine).(Page 523),7,1
  6664. 267784,en,15,mandita,maṇḍita,Maṇḍita,Maṇḍita,[pp.of maṇḍeti] adorned,embellished,dressed up Sdhp.244,540.In cpd.<i>°pasādhita</i> beautifully adorned at J.I,489; II,48; VI,219.-- Cp.<i>abhi°</i>.(Page 517),7,1
  6665. 267802,en,15,mandiya,mandiya,Mandiya,Mandiya,(nt.) [cp.Sk.māndya] 1.laziness,slackness S.I,110.-- 2.dullness of mind,stupidity J.III,38 (=manda-bhāva).(Page 523),7,1
  6666. 267820,en,15,manduka,maṇḍūka,Maṇḍūka,Maṇḍūka,[Vedic maṇḍūka] a frog Vv 51<sup>2</sup>; J.IV,247; V,307; VI,164; KhA 46; VvA.217,218; Sdhp.292.f.<i>mandūkī</i> J.I,341.-- <i>Mandūka</i> is the name of an angel (devaputta) at Vism.208.<br><br> <i>--chāpī</i> a young (female) frog J.VI,192.<i>--bhakkha</i> eating frogs,frog eater (i.e.a snake) J.III,16.(Page 517),7,1
  6667. 267894,en,15,manesika,manesikā,Manesikā,Manesikā,(f.) [mano+esikā<sup>2</sup>] “mind-searching,” i.e.guessing the thoughts of others,mind-reading; a practice forbidden to bhikkhus D.I,7 (=m.nāma manasā cintita-jānana-kīḷā DA.I,86); Vin.II,10.(Page 520),8,1
  6668. 267916,en,15,maneti,māneti,Māneti,Māneti,[Caus.of <em>man</em>,cp.Sk.mānayati,Lat.moneo to admonish.Ger.mahnen,Ags.manian.The Dhtp 593 gives root as <em>mān</em> in meaning “pūjā”] to honour,revere,think highly of PvA.54 (aor.mānesuṃ,+garukariṃsu+pūjesuṃ).-- pp.<i>mānita</i>.(Page 529),6,1
  6669. 267937,en,15,mangala,maṅgala,Maṅgala,Maṅgala,(adj.) [cp.Vedic maṅgala.Expl<sup>d</sup> by Dhtp 24 with root <em>maṅg</em>,i.e.lucky; see also mañju] auspicious,prosperous,lucky,festive Nd<sup>1</sup> 87,88; KhA 118 sq.; SnA 273,595; Sdhp.551.-- nt.maṅgalaṃ good omen,auspices,festivity Sn.258; Vin.II,129; PvA.17.A curious popular etymology is put forth by Bdhgh at KhA 123,viz.“maṃ galanti imehi sattā ti” maṅgalāni.-- maṅgalaṃ karoti lit.to make an auspicious ceremony,i.e.to besprinkle with grains etc.for luck (see on this PvA.198),to get married DhA.I,182; maṅgalaṃ vadati to bless one J.IV,299; DhA.I,115.Three (auspicious) wedding-ceremonies at DhA.I,115 viz.abhiseka° consecration,geha-ppavesana° entering the house,vivāha° wedding.-- Certain other general signs of good luck or omina kat) e)coxήn are given at J.IV,72,73 and KhA 118 sq.(see also maṅgalika).-- Several ceremonious festivities are mentioned at DhA.II,87 with regard to the bringing up of a child,viz.nāma-karaṇa-maṅgala the ceremony of giving a name; āhāra-paribhoga° of taking solid food; kaṇṇa-vijjhana° of piercing the ears; dussa-gahaṇa° of taking up the robe:cūḷā-karaṇa° of making the top-knot.-- Cp.abhi°.<br><br> --usabha an auspicious bull SnA 323.--chaṇa a merry time,fair J.II,48; DhA.I,392.--kicca auspicious function,festivity SnA 175,323.--kiriyā festivity,wedding SnA 69; finding good omens J.IV,72.--kolāhala the lucky,or most auspicious,foreboding,one of the 5 kolāhalas (q.v.) KhA 121.--pañha see maṅgalika.--divasa a lucky day J.IV,210; DhA.III,467.--vappa ploughing festival SnA 137.Cp.vappa-maṅgala.--sindhava state horse J.I,59.--silāpaṭṭa auspicious slab (of stone) J.I,59; VI,37; PvA.74.--supina lucky dream J.VI,330.--hatthi state elephant Mhvs 35,21; DhA.I,389.(Page 513),7,1
  6670. 268205,en,15,mangalika,maṅgalika,Maṅgalika,Maṅgalika,(adj.) (--°) [fr.maṅgala] 1.one who is feasting in,one whose auspices are such &#38; such; fond of; only in kotūhala° fond of excitement J.I,372; Miln.94 (apagata°,without passion for excitement).-- 2.superstitious,looking out for lucky signs Vin.II,129 (gihī),140 (id.).At J.IV,72,73; three sets of people are exemplified,who believe in omina as either diṭṭhaṃ (seen) or sutaṃ (heard) or mutaṃ (sensed); they are called diṭṭha-maṅgalikā,suta° &#38; muta° respectively.The same group is more explicitly dealt with in the Maṅgala-sutta KhA 118 sq.(cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 89); diṭṭhamaṅgalika pañha “a question concerning visible omina” J.IV,73 (correct meaning given under diṭṭha<sup>1</sup>,vol.II.156<sup>1</sup>!),390 (?).The Np.diṭṭha-maṅgalikā at J.IV,376 sq.(Page 513),9,1
  6671. 268220,en,15,mangalya,maṅgalya,Maṅgalya,Maṅgalya,(nt.) [fr.maṅgala] auspiciousness,good luck,fortune Dhtp 24.(Page 513),8,1
  6672. 268223,en,15,mangalya,māṅgalya,Māṅgalya,Māṅgalya,(adj.) [fr.maṅgala] auspicious,fortunate,bringing about fulfilment of wishes J.VI,179.(Page 527),8,1
  6673. 268235,en,15,mangula,maṅgula,Maṅgula,Maṅgula,(adj.) [cp.maṅgura] sallow; f.maṅgulī woman of sallow complexion S.II,260=Vin.III,107; Vin.III,100.(Page 513),7,1
  6674. 268270,en,15,mangura,maṅgura,Maṅgura,Maṅgura,(adj.) [etym.? or=maṅgula? See J.R.A.S.1903,186 the corresponding passage to M.I,246 in Lal.V,320 has madgura.] golden; in cpd.°cchavi of golden colour,f.cchavī D.I,193,242; M.I,246,429; II,33; Vism.184.(Page 513),7,1
  6675. 268290,en,15,mani,maṇi,Maṇi,Maṇi,[cp.Vedic maṇi.The connection with Lat.monile (pendant),proposed by Fick &#38; Grassmann,is doubted by Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.monile,where see other suggestions.For further characterisation of <i>maṇi</i> cp.Zimmer,Altindisches Leben pp.53,263] 1.a gem,jewel.At several places one may interpret as “crystal.” ‹-› D.I,7 (as ornament); Dh.161; J.VI,265 (agghiya,precious).In simile at D.I,76 (maṇi veḷuriyo).On maṇi in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,121.--<i>udaka-pasādaka</i> maṇi a precious stone (crystal?) having the property of making water clear Miln.35 (cp.below Vism.366 passage); <i>cintā°</i> a “thought-jewel,” magic stone (crystal?) J.III,504; VvA.32; <i>cūḷā°</i> a jewelled crest or diadem,the crown-jewel J.V,441 sq.; <i>jāti°</i> a genuine precious stone J.II,417; Vism.216 (in comparison); <i>tārā°</i> (-vitāna) (canopy) of jewelled stars Vism.76; <i>nīla°</i> a dark blue jewel J.II,112; IV,140; DhA.III,254.The passage “amaṇiṃ udakaṃ maṇiṃ katvā” at Vism.366 (+asuvaṇṇaṃ leḍḍuṃ suvaṇṇaṃ katvā) refers clearly to meaning “jewel” (that the water is without a jewel or crystal,but is made as clear as crystal; a conjuror’s trick,cp.Miln.35).Whether meaning “waterpot” (as given at Abhp 1113 &#38; found in der.maṇika) is referred to here,is not to be decided.-- 2.a crystal used as burning-glass Miln.54.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> a jeweller Miln.331; DhA.II,152.<i>--kuṇḍala</i> a jewelled earring,adj.wearing an (ear) ornament of jewels Vin.II,156 (āmutta° adorned with ...); Vv 20<sup>8</sup> (id.); 43<sup>8</sup> (id.); Pv.II,9<sup>51</sup> (id.); Th.I,187; Dh.345 (maṇi-kuṇḍalesu=manīsu ca kuṇḍalesu ca maṇicittesu vā kuṇḍalesu,i.e.with gem-studded earrings DhA.IV,56).<i>--kuṭṭima</i> at VvA.188 is probably to be read as °kuṇḍala (v.l.°kundima).<i>--khandha</i> “jewelbulk,” i.e.a tremendous jewel,large gem,functioning in tales almost like a magic jewel J.III,187; V,37 (°vaṇṇaṃ udakaṃ water as clear as a large block of crystal),183 (°pilandhana).<i>--guhā</i> a jewelled cave,cave of crystal J.II,417 (where pigs live); SnA 66 (one of three,viz.suvaṇṇa-guhā,m.°,rajata°.At the entrance of it there grows the Mañjūsaka tree).<i>--canda</i> “the jewelled moon,” i.e.with a crest like the (glittering) moon Vv 64<sup>6</sup> (=maṇi-maya-maṇḍalânuviddha-candamaṇḍala-sadisa maṇi VbA 277).<i>--cchāyā</i> reflection of a jewel J.VI,345.<i>--thūṇā</i>,a jewelled pillar,adj.with jewelled pillars Vv 54<sup>1</sup>,67<sup>1</sup>.<i>--pabbata</i> mountain of gems SnA 358.<i>--pallaṅka</i> a jewelled pallanquin DhA.I,274.<i>--bandha</i> (place for) binding the jewel(led) bracelet,the wrist Vism.255=VbhA.238=KhA 50 (°aṭṭhi).<i>--bhadda</i> N.of one of 20 classes of people mentioned Miln.191; trsl<sup>d</sup> by Rh.D.Miln.trsl.I.266 by “tumblers.” The term occurs also at Nd<sup>1</sup> 89 &#38; 92.Cp.Sk.Maṇibhadra,N.of a brother of Kuvera &#38; prince of the Yakṣas.<i>--maya</i> made of,consisting of,or caused by jewels Pv.II,6<sup>4</sup>; VvA.280; DhA.I,29.<i>--ratana</i> a precious stone or mineral,which is a gem (jewel); i.e.maṇi as a kind of ratana,of which there are seven Vism.189 (in sim.); Miln.218.<i>--rūpaka</i> a jewelled image DhA.I,370; <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> fortune-telling from jewels D.I,9; SnA 564.<br><br> <i>--vaṇṇa</i> the colour or appearance of crystal; i.e.as clear as crystal (of water) J.II,304 (pasanna+).<i>--sappa</i> a kind of poisonous snake (i.e.a mysterious,magic snake) DA.I,197.(Page 516),4,1
  6676. 268428,en,15,manika,maṇika,Maṇika,Maṇika,[cp.Class.Sk.maṇika] a waterpot M.II,39.Usually in cpd.<i>udaka°</i> Vin.I,277; M.I,354; S.IV,316; A.III,27; Miln.28; DhA.I,79.Whether this is an original meaning of the word remains doubtful; the connection with maṇi jewel must have been prevalent at one time.(Page 516),6,1
  6677. 268435,en,15,manika,maṇīkā,Maṇīkā,Maṇīkā,(f.) [f.of maṇika,adj.fr.maṇi] N.of a charm,the Jewel-charm,by means of which one can read other people’s minds D.I,214 (m.iddhi-vijjā),cp.Dial.I.278,n.3.).(Page 516),6,1
  6678. 268442,en,15,manika,mānikā,Mānikā,Mānikā,(f.) [cp.māna<sup>2</sup> 2] a weight,equal to 4 Doṇas SnA 476 (catudoṇaṃ mānikā).Cp.BSk.mānikā,e.g.Divy 293 sq.(Page 529),6,1
  6679. 268482,en,15,manikata,mānikata,Mānikata,Mānikata,[pp.of a verb māni-karoti,which stands for māna-karoti,and is substituted for mānita after analogy of purakkhata,of same meaning] lit.“held in high opinion,” i.e.honoured,worshipped S.II,119 (garukata m.pūjita).(Page 529),8,1
  6680. 268529,en,15,manila,maṇila,Maṇila,Maṇila,[cp.*Sk.maṇila dewlap?] a kind of tree Vism.313.(Page 516),6,1
  6681. 268594,en,15,manin,mānin,Mānin,Mānin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.mana<sup>1</sup>] proud (of) Sn.282 (samaṇa°),889 (paripuṇṇa°); Dh.63 (paṇḍita° proud of his cleverness,cp.DhA.II,30); J.I,454 (atireka°); III,357 (paṇḍita°); Sdhp.389,417.-- f.<i>māninī</i> Mhvs 20,4 (rūpa° proud of her beauty).(Page 529),5,1
  6682. 268730,en,15,manita,mānita,Mānita,Mānita,[pp.of māneti] revered,honoured Ud.73 (sakkata m.pūjita apacita).-- A rather singular by-form is <i>mānikata</i> (q.v.).(Page 529),6,1
  6683. 268822,en,15,manjari,mañjari,Mañjari,Mañjari,(f.) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.mañjarī] a branching flower-stalk,a sprout J.V,400,416.(Page 515),7,1
  6684. 268832,en,15,manjarika,mañjarikā,Mañjarikā,Mañjarikā,(f.)=mañjari,Vin.III,180.(Page 515),9,1
  6685. 268838,en,15,manjarita,mañjarita,Mañjarita,Mañjarita,(adj.) [fr.mañjari] with (full-grown) pedicles,i.e.in open flower Miln.308 (°patta in full bloom).(Page 515),9,1
  6686. 268856,en,15,manjettha,mañjeṭṭha,Mañjeṭṭha,Mañjeṭṭha,(adj.) [cp.*Sk.mañjiṣṭhā Indian madder] light (bright) red,crimson,usually enum<sup>d</sup> in set of 5 principal colours with nīla,pīta,lohitaka,odāta; e.g.at Vin.I,25; S.II,101 (f.mañjeṭṭhā); Vv 22<sup>1</sup> (Hardy in T.reads mañjaṭṭha,as twice at VvA.111,with vv.ll.°jiṭṭha &#38; °jeṭṭha,cp.Corrections &#38; Add<sup>ns</sup> on p.372); Miln.61.(Page 515),9,1
  6687. 268862,en,15,manjetthaka,mañjeṭṭhaka,Mañjeṭṭhaka,Mañjeṭṭhaka,(adj.) [fr.mañjeṭṭha,after lohita+ka] crimson,bright red,fig.shining Vv 39<sup>1</sup> (cp.def<sup>n</sup> at VvA.177:like the tree Vitex negundo,sindhavāra,or the colour of the Kaṇavīra-bud; same def<sup>n</sup> at DhsA.317,with Sinduvāra for Sindha°); usually in sequence <i>nīla</i>,<i> pīta</i>,<i> mañjeṭṭhaka</i>,<i> lohitaka</i>,<i> odāta</i> as the 5 fundamental colours:M.I,509 (has °eṭṭhika in T.but v.l.°eṭṭhaka); J.VI,185; Dhs.617.-- f.<i>mañjeṭṭhikā</i> a disease of sugar cane Vin.II,256.(Page 515),11,1
  6688. 268873,en,15,manjetthi,mañjeṭṭhī,Mañjeṭṭhī,Mañjeṭṭhī,(f.) [=Sk.mañjiṣṭhā] Bengal madder DA.I,85.(Page 515),9,1
  6689. 268888,en,15,manjira,mañjīra,Mañjīra,Mañjīra,[cp.late Sk.mañjīra nt.] an anklet,foot-bangle Abhp 228.(Page 515),7,1
  6690. 268937,en,15,manju,mañju,Mañju,Mañju,(adj.) [cp.Class Sk.mañju,also maṅgala,cp.Gr.mάgganon means of deceiving,Lat.mango a dealer making up his wares for sale.See further cognates at Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.mango] pleasant,charming,sweet,lovely (only with ref.to the voice) D.II,211,227 (one of the 8 characteristics of Brahmā’s &#38; the Buddha’s voice:see bindu &#38; aṭṭhaṅga); J.II,150.-- (nt.) a sweet note J.VI,591 (of the deer in the forest); VvA.219 (karavīka ruta°).<br><br> <i>--bhāṇaka</i> sweet-voiced,speaking sweetly J.II,150= DhA.I,144; f.<i>bhāṇikā</i> J.VI,418,420.<i>--bhāṇin</i> id.J.II,150.(Page 515),5,1
  6691. 268955,en,15,manjuka,mañjuka,Mañjuka,Mañjuka,(adj.) [mañju+ka] sweet voiced Vin.I,249; J.II,350; III,266; VI,412,496.(Page 515),7,1
  6692. 268967,en,15,manjusa,mañjūsā,Mañjūsā,Mañjūsā,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.mañjūṣā] a casket; used for keeping important documents in J.II,36 (suvaṇṇapaṭṭaṃ mañjūsāya nikkhipāpesi); IV,335 (suvaṇṇapaṭṭaṃ sāra-mañjūsāyaṃ ṭhapetvā kālam akāsi).(Page 515),7,1
  6693. 268981,en,15,manjusaka,mañjūsaka,Mañjūsaka,Mañjūsaka,(-rukkha) [fr.mañjūsa] N.of a celestial tree,famed for its fragrancy Vv 38<sup>6</sup>; SnA 52,66,95,98; VvA.175.(Page 515),9,1
  6694. 268999,en,15,mankati,maṅkati,Maṅkati,Maṅkati,is given as root<em> maṅk</em> (aor.maki) at Dhtm 13,in meaning maṇḍana,i.e.adornment.It is meant to be an expl<sup>n</sup> of maṅkato? (Page 513),7,1
  6695. 269001,en,15,mankato,maṅkato,Maṅkato,Maṅkato,(adv.) [for Sk.mat-kṛte,Cp.E.Müller,P.Gr.12] on my account,for me Miln.384.(Page 513),7,1
  6696. 269008,en,15,manku,maṅku,Maṅku,Maṅku,(adj.) [cp.Vedic maṅku; see on meaning Hardy in preface to Aṅguttara v.p.vi] staggering,confused,troubled,discontented Vin.II,118; S.V,74; Dh.249; Nd<sup>1</sup> 150; DhA.III,41,359 (with Loc.).-- f.pl.maṅkū Vin.I,93.--dummaṅku “staggering in a disagreeable manner,” evil-minded A.I,98; IV,97 (read line as “dummaṅku’yaṃ padusseti dhūm’aggamhi va pāvako” he,staggering badly,is spoilt like the fire on the crest of smoke); V,70; Vin.II,196; III,21; IV,213; S.II,218; Nett 50.<br><br> --bhāva discontent,moral weakness J.IV,49; Miln.227; DhA.III,359.--bhūta discontented,troubled,confused Vin.II,19; D.II,85; A.I,186; Dh.263; J.V,211; VI,362; DhA.II,76; a° self-possessed A.III,40; Miln.21,339.(Page 513),5,1
  6697. 269043,en,15,mankuna,maṅkuna,Maṅkuna,Maṅkuna,( &#38; °ṇa) [cp.late Sk.matkuṇa,see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 6<sup>3</sup>] an insect,bug or flea J.I,10; III,423; Vism.109 (where kīla-maṅkula ought to be read as kīṭamaṅkuna); DhA.II,12.(Page 513),7,1
  6698. 269070,en,15,mannana,maññanā,Maññanā,Maññanā,(f.) [fr.<em>man</em>] conceit Nd<sup>1</sup> 124 (taṇhā°,diṭṭhi°,māna°,kilesa° etc.); Dhs.1116 1233; Nett 24; Vism.265 (for mañcanā?).(Page 515),7,1
  6699. 269155,en,15,mannati,maññati,Maññati,Maññati,[<em>man</em>,Vedic manyate &#38; manute,Av.mainyeite; Idg.<i>*men</i>,cp.Gr.mέnos mood,anger=Sk.manah mind; mέmona to think of,wish to,Lat.memini to think of,mens›mind,meneo; Goth.munan to think,muns opinion; Oisl.man,Ags.mon; Ohg.minna love,Ags,myne intention.Dhtp 427:<i>man</i>=ñāṇe,524= bodhane] 1.to think,to be of opinion,to imagine,to deem Sn.199 (sīsaṃ ...subhato naṃ maññati bālo),588 (yena yena hi maññanti,tato taṃ hoti aññathā); J.II,258 (maññāmi ciraṃ carissati:I imagine he will have to wander a long time).-- With (double) Acc.:to take for,to consider as; na taṃ maññāmi mānusiṃ I deem you are not human Pv.II,4<sup>1</sup>; yassa dāni kālaṃ maññati for this now may he think it time (in a phrase of departure),let him do what he thinks fit,we wait the Buddha’s pleasure,i.e.let it be time to go [so also BSk.manyate kālaṃ,e.g.Divy 50,64 etc.] D.I,189.‹-› Esp.in phrase <i>taṃ kiṃ maññasi</i> (maññatha 2.pl.) what do you think of this? (the foll.),what is your opinion about this? D.I,60; S.III,104 &#38; passim.-- Pot.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>maññeyyaṃ</i> I should think PvA.40; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>maññeyya</i> S.III,103,and <i>maññe</i> Sn.206.The short form 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>maññe</i> is used like an adv.as affirmative particle &#38; is inserted without influencing the grammatical or syntactical construction of the sentence; meaning:methinks,for certain,surely,indeed,I guess,presumably.E.g.D.I,137 (patapati m.paccatthike yasasā); S.I,181 (m.‘haṃ); IV,289 (paveliyamānena m.kāyena); J.II,275; Miln.21; Vism.90,92 (mato me m.putto); DhA.I,107; II,51; PvA.40 (m.goṇo samuṭṭhahe),65 (tasmā m.sumuttā).--<i>na maññe</i> surely not DhA.II,84; PvA.75 (n.m.puññavā rājā).-- 2.to know,to be convinced,to be sure Sn.840 (=jānāti Nd<sup>1</sup> 192),1049,1142; Nd<sup>2</sup> 491 (=jānāti); DhA.I,29 (maññāmi tuvaṃ marissasi).-- 3.to imagine,to be proud (of),to be conceited,to boast Sn.382 (ppr.maññamāna),806,813,855 (maññate); J.III,530 (aor.maññi’haṃ,perhaps maññe ‘haṃ? C.expl<sup>ns</sup> by maññāmi).-- pp.<i>mata</i>.-- Note.Another Present form is <i>munāti</i> (q.v.),of which the pp.is <i>muta</i>.(Page 515),7,1
  6700. 269217,en,15,mannita,maññita,Maññita,Maññita,(nt.) [pp.of maññati] illusion,imagination M.I,486.Nine maññitāni (the same list is applied to the phanditāni,the papañcitāni &#38; saṅkhatāni) at Vbh.390:asmi,ayam aham asmi,bhavissaṃ,na bhavissaṃ,rūpī bhavissaṃ,arūpī bh.,saññī bh.,asaññī bh.,nevasaññī-nâsaññī-bh.(Page 515),7,1
  6701. 269233,en,15,mannitatta,maññitatta,Maññitatta,Maññitatta,(nt.) [fr.maññita] self-conceit,pride Dhs.1116; DhsA.372.(Page 515),10,1
  6702. 269256,en,15,mano,mano,Mano,Mano, &#38; Mana(s) (nt.) [Vedic manaḥ,see etym.under maññati] I.Declension.Like all other nouns of old s-stems <i>mano</i> has partly retained the <i>s</i> forms (cp.cetah›ceto) &#38; partly follows the a-declension.The form mano is found throughout in cpds.as <i>mano°</i>,the other mana at the end of cpds.as <i>°mana</i>.From stem manas an adj.<i>manasa</i> is formed and the der.<i>mānasa </i>&<i> manassa</i> (-°).-- Nom.<i>mano</i> freq.; &#38; <i>manaṃ</i> Dh.96,Acc.<i>mano</i> Sn.270,388; SnA 11,and freq.; also <i>manaṃ</i> Sn.659=A.II,3; V,171=Nett 132; Sn.678; Cp I.8<sup>5</sup>; Vism.466; Gen.Dat.<i>manaso</i> Sn.470,967; Dh.390 (manaso piya); Pv.II,1<sup>11</sup> (manaso piya=manasā piya PvA.71); Instr.<i>manasā</i> Sn.330,365,834 (m.cintayanto),1030; M.III,179; Dh.1; Pv.II,9<sup>7</sup> (m.pi cetaye); also <i>manena</i> DhA.I,42; DhsA.72; Abl.<i>manato</i> S.IV,65; DhA.I,23; Vism.466; Loc.<i>manasmiṃ</i> S.IV,65; <i>manamhi</i> Vism.466; also <i>mane</i> DhA.I,23, &#38; <i>manasi</i> (see this in comp<sup>n</sup> manasi karoti,below).-- II.Meaning:mind,thought D.III,96,102,206,226,244,269,281; S.I,16,172; II,94; M.III,55; A.III,443; V,171; Sn.77,424,829,873; Dh.116,300; Sdhp.369.-- 1.Mano represents the intellectual functioning of consciousness,while viñnāṇa represents the field of sense and sense-reaction (“perception”),and citta the subjective aspect of consciousness (cp.Mrs.Rh.D.Buddhist Psychology p.19) -- The rendering with “mind” covers most of the connotation; sometimes it may be translated “thought.” As “mind” it embodies the rational faculty of man,which,as the subjective side in our relation to the objective world,may be regarded as a special sense,acting on the world,a sense adapted to the rationality (reasonableness,dhamma) of the phenomena,as our eye is adapted to the visibility of the latter.Thus it ranges as the 6<sup>th</sup> sense in the classification of the senses and their respective spheres (the <i>āyatanāni</i> or relations of subject and object,the ajjhattikāni &#38; the bāhirāni:see āyatana 3).These are:(1) <i>cakkhu</i> (eye) which deals with the sight of form (rūpa); (2) <i>sota</i> (ear) dealing with the hearing of sound (sadda); (3) <i>ghāna</i> (nose) with the smelling of smells (gandha); (4) <i>jivhā</i> (tongue),with the tasting of tastes (rasa); (5) <i>kāya</i> (touch),with the touching of tangible objects (phoṭṭhabba); (6) <i>mano</i>,with the sensing (viññāya) of rational objects or cognisables (dhamma).Thus it is the sensus communis (Mrs.Rh.D.Buddh.Psych.140,163) which recognises the world as a “mundus sensibilis” (dhamma).Both sides are an inseparable unity:the mind fits the world as the eye fits the light,or in other words:<i>mano</i> is the counterpart of <i>dhammā</i>,the subjective dh.Dhamma in this sense is the rationality or lawfulness of the Universe (see dhamma B.1),Cosmic Order,Natural Law.It may even be taken quite generally as the “empirical.world” (as Geiger,e.g.interprets it in his Pali Dhamma p.80--82,pointing out the substitution of <i>vatthu</i> for dhamma at Kvu 126 sq.i.e.the material world),as the world of “things,” of phenomena in general without specification as regards sound,sight,smell,etc.-- Dhamma as counterpart of mano is rather an abstract (pluralistic) representation of the world,i.e.the phenomena as such with a certain inherent rationality; manas is the receiver of these phenomena in their abstract meaning,it is the abstract sense,so to speak.Of course,to explain manas and its function one has to resort to terms of materiality,and thus it happens that the term <i>vijānāti</i>,used of manas,is also used of the 5<sup>th</sup> sense,that of touch (to which mano is closely related,cp.our E.expressions of touch as denoting rational,abstract processes:warm &#38; cold used figuratively; to grasp anything; terror-stricken; deeply moved feeling›Lat.palpare to palpitate,etc.).We might say of the mind “sensing,” that manas “senses” (as a refined sense of touch) the “sensibility” (dhamma) of the objects,or as Cpd.183 expresses it “cognizable objects.” See also kāya II.; and phassa.-- 2.In Buddhist Psychological Logic the concept <i>mano</i> is often more definitely circumscribed by the addition of the terms (man-)<i>āyatana</i>,(man-)<i>indriya</i> and (mano-)<i>dhātu</i>,which are practically all the same as mano (and its objective correspondent dhammā).Cp.also below No.3.The additional terms try to give it the rank of a category of thought.On mano-dhātu and m-āyatana see also the discourse by S.Z.Aung.Cpd.256--59,with Mrs.Rh.D.’s apt remarks on p.259.-- The position of manas among the 6 <i>āyatanas</i> (or <i>indriyas</i>) is one of control over the other 5 (pure and simple senses).This is expressed e.g.at M.I,295 (commented on at DhsA.72) and S.V,217 (mano nesaṃ gocara-visayaṃ paccanubhoti:mano enjoys the function-spheres of the other senses; cp.Geiger,Dhamma 81; as in the Sāṅkhya:Garbe,Sāṅkhya Philosophie 252 sq.).Cp.Vin.I,36; “ettha ca te mano na ramittha rūpesu saddesu atho rasesu.” -- 3.As regards the relation of <i>manas</i> to <i>citta</i>,it may be stated,that citta is more substantial (as indicated by translation “heart”),more elemental as the seat of emotion,whereas manas is the finer element,a subtler feeling or thinking as such.See also <i>citta<sup>2</sup></i> I.,and on rel.to viññāṇa &#38; citta see citta<sup>2</sup> IV.2<sup>b</sup>.In the more popular opinion and general phraseology however <i>manas</i> is almost synonymous with <i>citta</i> as opposed to body,cittaṃ iti pi mano iti pi S.II,94.So in the triad “thought (i.e.intention) speech and action” manas interchanges with citta:see kāya III,-- The formula runs <i>kāyena vācāya manasā</i>,e.g.M.III,178 (sucaritaṃ caritvā); Dh.391 (natthi dukkaṭaṃ),cp.Dh.96; santaṃ tassa manaṃ,santā vācā ca kamma ca.Besides with <i>citta:</i> kāyena vācāya uda cetasā S.I,93,102; A.I,63.rakkhitena k.vācāya cittena S.II,231; IV,112.-- It is further comb<sup>d</sup> with citta in the scholastic (popular) definition of manas,found in identical words at all Cy.passages:“mano” is “cittaṃ mano mānasaṃ hadayaṃ,paṇḍaraṃ,man-āyatanaṃ ...mano-viññāna-dhātu” (mind sensibility).Thus e.g.at Nd<sup>1</sup> 3 (for mano),176 (id.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 494 (which however leaves out cittaṃ in exegesis of Sn.1142,1413,but has it in No.495 in exegesis of Sn.1039); Dhs.6 (in def<sup>n</sup> of citta),17 (of man’indriyaṃ),65 (of man-āyatanaṃ),68 (of mano-viññṇa-dhātu).‹-› The close relation between the two appears further from their comb<sup>n</sup> in the formula of the <i>ādesanā-pāṭihāriyaṃ</i> (wonder of manifestation,i.e.the discovery of other peoples’thoughts &#38; intentions),viz.evam pi te <i>mano</i> ittham pi te mano iti pi te <i>cittaṃ:</i> “so &#38; so is in your mind ...so &#38; so are your emotions”; D.I,213= III,103=A.I,170.-- At S.I,53 both are mutually influenced in their state of unsteadiness and fear:niccaṃ utrastaṃ idaṃ <i>cittaṃ</i> (heart),niccaṃ ubbiggaṃ idaṃ <i>mano</i> (mind).The same relation (citta as instrument or manifestation of mano) is evident from J.I,36,where the passage runs:sīho cittaṃ pasādesi.Satthā tassa manaṃ oloketva vyākāsi ...At PvA.264 <i>mano</i> (of Pv IV.7<sup>1</sup>) is expl<sup>d</sup> by <i>cittaṃ;</i> pīti mano of Sn.766 (glad of heart) expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 512 by santuṭṭha-citto; nibbānamanaso of Sn.942 at SnA 567 by nibbāna-ninna-<i>citto</i>.In the phrase <i>yathā-manena</i> “from his heart,” i.e.sincerely,voluntarily DhA.I,42,mano clearly acts as citta.-- 4.Phrases:<i>manaṃ uppādeti</i> to make up one’s mind,to resolve DhA.II,140 (cp.citt’uppāda); <i>manaṃ karoti:</i> (a) to fix one’s mind upon,to give thought to,find pleasure or to delight in (Loc.) J.IV,223 (rūpe na manaṃ kare=itthi-rūpe nimittaṃ na gaṇheyyāsi C.Cp.the similar &#38; usual manasi-karoti in same sense); VI,45 (Pass.gīte karute mano); (b) to make up one’s mind DhA.II,87; <i>manaṃ gaṃhāti</i> to “take the mind,” take the fancy,to please,to win approval J.IV,132; DhA.II,48.-- III,<i>°mana:</i> dhamm-uddhacca-viggahita° A.II,157 (read °mano for °manā); saṅkiliṭṭha-manā narā Th.2,344; atta° pleased; <i>gedhita°</i> greedy Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup>; <i>dum°</i> depressed in mind,sad or sick at heart D.II,148; S.I,103; Vin.I,21; A.II,59,61,198; Th.2,484; J.I,189; opp.<i>sumana</i> elated,joyful Pv.II,9<sup>48</sup> (=somanassajāta PvA.132); <i>pīti°</i> glad or joyful of heart Sn.766 (expl<sup>d</sup> by tuṭṭha-mano,haṭṭha-mano,attamano etc.at Nd<sup>1</sup> 3; by santuṭṭha-citto at SnA 512).-- IV.<i>manasi-karoti</i> (etc.) to fix the mind intently,to bear in mind,take to heart,ponder,think upon,consider,recognise.-- 1.(v.) pres.1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>°karoma</i> Vin.I,103; imper.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>°karohi</i>,often in formula “suṇāhi sādhukaṃ m.-k.” “harken and pay attention” D.I,124,157,249; cp.M.I.7; A.I,227; pl.2<sup>nd</sup> <i>°karotha</i> A.I,171; D.I,214 (+vitakketha); Pot.<i>°kareyyātha</i> D.I,90 (taṃ atthaṃ sādhukaṃ k.); ppr.<i>°karonto</i> DhsA.207; ger.<i>°katvā</i> A.II,116 (aṭṭhikatvā+...ohitasoto suṇāti); Pv III,2<sup>5</sup> (a°=anāvajjetvā PvA.181); VvA.87,92; PvA.62; grd.<i>°kātabba</i> Vism.244,278; DhsA.205; aor.<i>manas-âkāsi</i> M.II,61; 2<sup>nd</sup> pl.(Prohib.) (mā) <i>manasâkattha</i> D.I,214; A.I,171.Pass.<i>manasi-</i>karīyati Vism.284.-- 2.(n.) <i>manasikāra</i> attention,pondering,fixed thought (cp.Cpd.12,28,40,282) D.III,104,108 sq.,112,227 (yoniso),273 (ayoniso); M.I,296; S.II,3 (cetanā phasso m.); IV,297 (sabba-nimittānaṃ a° inattention to all outward signs of allurement); Nd<sup>1</sup> 501 (ayoniso); Vbh.320,325,373 (yoniso),425; Vism.241 (paṭikūla°); VbhA.148 (ayoniso),248 sq.(as regards the 32 ākāras),251 (paṭikkūla°),255 (n’âtisīghato etc.),270 (ayoniso),500; DhA.II,87 (paṭikkula°); DhsA.133.--<i>sammā manasikāraṃ anvāya</i> by careful pondering D.I,13,18≈.As adj.(thoughtful) at ThA.273.-- The def<sup>n</sup> of m.at Vism.466 runs as follows:“kiriyā-kāro,manamhi kāro m.purima-manato visadisaṃ manaṃ karotī ti pi m.Svāyaṃ:ārammaṇa-paṭipādako vīthi-paṭipādako javana-p.° ti ti-ppakāro.” -- Cpds.:--kusalatā proficiency in attention D.III,211; --kosalla id.VbhA.56 (in detail),224,226 sq.; Vism.241 (tenfold),243 (id.,viz.anupubbato,nâtisīghato,nâtisāṇikato etc.); PvA.63 (yoniso°); --vidhāna arrangement of attention VbhA.69,71; --vidhi rule or form of attention Vism.278 (eightfold,viz.gaṇanā,anubandhanā,phusanā,ṭhapanā,sallakhaṇā,vivaṭṭanā,pārisuddhi,tesañ ca paṭipassanā ti).-- The composition form of manas is mano°,except before vowels,when man’takes its place (as man-āyatana VbhA.46 sq.).<br><br> <i>--aṅgaṇa</i> (man°) sphere of ideation (Dhs.trsl.§ 58) D.III,243,280 and passim.<i>--āvajjana</i> representative cognition:Cpd.59.<i>--indriya</i> (man°) mind-faculty,category of mind,faculty of ideation (cp.Dhs.trs.§ 17; Cpd.pp.183,184) D.I,70 (with other senses cakkh-undriyaṃ etc.) III,226,and passim.<i>--kamma</i> work of the mind,mental action,associated with kāyakamma (bodily action) and vacī° (vocal action) A.I,32,104; Pug.41; Dhs.981 (where omitted in text).<i>--java</i> [cp.Vedic manojava] swift as thought Vv 63<sup>29</sup>; PvA.216 (assājāniya).<i>--daṇḍa</i> “mind-punishment” (?) corresponding to kāya° &#38; vacī-daṇḍa,M.I,372 sq.(Neumann,trsl<sup>s</sup> “Streich in Gedanken”).<i>--duccarita</i> sin of the mind or thoughts Dh.233; Nd<sup>1</sup> 386; Pug.60.<i>--dosa</i> blemish of mind A.I,112.<i>--dvāra</i> door of the mind,threshold of consciousness VbhA.41; DhsA.425,cp.Dhs.trsl.3 (<sup>2</sup>p.2); Cpd.10.<i>--dhātu</i> element of apprehension,the ideational faculty (cp.Dhs.trsl.129,<sup>2</sup>p.119,120; and p.<sup>2</sup>lxxxv sq.) Dhs.457 sq.; Vbh.14,71,87 sq.,144,302; Vism.488; VbhA.80,81,239 (physiological foundation),405; DhsA.263,425; KhA 53.<i>--padosa</i> anger in mind,ill-will D.III,72; M.I,377; Sn.702; J.IV,29; Dhs.1060 (cp.DhsA.367:manaṃ padussayamāno uppajjatī ti,i.e.to set one’s heart at anger).<i>--padosika</i> (adj.) debauched in mind (by envy &#38; ill-will),N.of a class of gods D.I,20; VbhA.498,519.Cp.Kirfel,Kosmographie,p.193 &#38; Kern (Toev.I.163),slightly different:from looking at each other too long.<i>--pasāda</i> tranquillity of the mind,devotional feeling (towards the Buddha) DhA.I,28.<i>--pubbaṅgama</i> directed by mind,dominated by thought (see pubba<sup>2</sup>) Dh.1,2; cp.DhA.I,21,35.<i>--bhāvanīya</i> of right mind-culture,self-composed S.III,1; M.III,261; Vv 34<sup>13</sup> (cp.VvA.152:mana-vaḍḍhanaka); Miln.129.Kern,Toev.I.163 trsl<sup>s</sup> “to be kept in mind with honour.” <i>--mattaka</i>,in phrase mana-mattakena (adv.) “by mere mind,” consisting of mind only,i.e.memorial,as a matter of mind J.IV,228.<i>--maya</i> made of mind,consisting of mind,i.e.formed by the magic power of the mind,magically formed,expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.405 as “adhiṭṭhāna-manena nimmitattā m.”; at DA.I,120 as “jhāna-manena nibbatta”; at DhA.I,23 as “manato nipphanna”; at VvA.10 as “bāhirena paccayena vinā manasā va nibbatta.” -- Dh.1,2; J.VI,265 (manomayaṃ sindhavaṃ abhiruyha); Sdhp.259; as quality of iddhi:Vism.379,406.-- Sometimes a body of this matter can be created by great holiness or knowledge; human beings or gods may be endowed with this power D.I,17 (+pītibhakkha,of the Ābhassaras),34 (attā dibbo rūpī m.sabbaṅga-paccaṅgī etc.),77 (id.),186 (id.); Vin.II,185 (Koliya-putto kālaṃ kato aññataraṃ mano-mayaṃ kāyaṃ upapanno); M.I,410 (devā rūpino m.); S.IV,71; A.I,24; III,122,192; IV,235; V,60.<i>--ratha</i> desired object (lit.what pleases the mind),wish Vism.506 (°vighāta+icchā-vighāta); <i>°ṃ pūreti</i> to fulfil one’s wish Mhvs 8,27 (puṇṇa-sabbamanoratha).<i>Manoratha-pūraṇī</i> (f.) “the wish fulfiller” is the name of the Commentary on the Aṅguttara Nikāya.<i>--rama</i> pleasing to the mind,lovely,delightful Sn.50,337,1013; Dh.58; Pv.II,9<sup>58</sup> (phoṭṭhabba),Mhvs 18,48; VvA.340.<i>--viññāṇa</i> representative cognition,rationality Vism.489; VbhA.150 (22 fold); DhsA.304,cp.Dhs.trsl.170 (<sup>2</sup>p.157); --dhātu (element of) representative intellection,mind cognition,the 6<sup>th</sup> of the viññāṇadhātus or series of cognitional elements corresponding to and based on the 12 simple dhātus,which are the external &#38; internal sense-relations (=āyatanāni) Dhs.58; Vbh.14,71,87,89,144,176 and passim.See also above II.3 and discussions at Dhs.trsl.132 (<sup>2</sup>p.122) &#38; introd.p.53 sq.; Cpd.123<sup>2</sup>,184.<i>--viññeyya</i> to be comprehended by the mind (cp.Dialogues II.281<sup>n</sup>) D.II,281; M.III,55,57; J.IV,195.<i>--vitakka</i> a thought (of mind) S.I,207=Sn.270 (mano is in C.on this passage expl<sup>d</sup> as “kusala-citta” SnA 303).<i>--sañcetan’</i>āhāra “nutriment of representative cogitation” (Dhs.trsl.31) S.II,11,13,99; Dhs.72; Vism.341.<i>--satta</i> “with mind attached,” N.of certain gods,among whom are reborn those who died with minds absorbed in some attachment M.I,376.<i>--samācāra</i> conduct,observance,habit of thought or mind (associated with kāya° &#38; vacī°) M.II,114; III,45,49.<i>--silā</i> (cp.Sk.manaḥ-śila) red arsenic,often used as a powder for dying and other purposes; the red colour is frequently found in later (Cy.) literature,e.g.J.V,416 (+haritāla yellow ointment); Vism.485; DhA.IV,113 (id.as cuṇṇa); ThA.70 (Ap.V,20); Mhvs 29,12; SnA 59 (°piṇḍa in simile); DhA.II,43 (°rasa); VvA.288 (°cuṇṇa-<i>piñjara</i>-vaṇṇa,of ripe mango fruit); PvA.274 (°vaṇṇāni ambaphalāni); --tala a flat rock,platform (=silātala) SnA 93,104; as the platform on which the seat of the Buddha is placed &#38; whence he sends forth the lion’s roar:J.II,219; VI,399; VvA.217; as a district of the <i>Himavant:</i> J.VI,432; SnA 358.<i>--hara</i> charming,captivating,beautiful Mhvs 18,49; N.of a special gem (the wishing gem?) Miln.118,354.(Page 520),4,1
  6703. 269881,en,15,manta,manta,Manta,Manta,[cp.Vedic mantra,fr.<i>mantray</i>] orig.a divine saying or decision,hence a secret plan [cp.def.of <i>mant</i> at Dhtp 578 by “gutta-bhāsane”],counsel; hence magic charm,spell.In particular a secret religious code or doctrine,esp.the Brahmanic texts or the Vedas,regarded as such (i.e.as the code of a sect) by the Buddhists.-- 1.with ref.to the Vedas usually in the pl.<i>mantā</i> (the Scriptures,Hymns,Incantations):D.I,96; M.II,166 (brahme mante adhiyitvā; mante vāceti); Sn.249 (=devā SnA 291),302 (mante ganthetvā,criticised by Bdhgh as brahmanic (:heretic) work in contrast with the ancient Vedas as follows:“vede bhinditvā dhammayutte porāṇa-mante nāsetvā adhamma-yutte kūṭa-mante ganthetvā” SnA 320),1000 (with ref.to the 32 signs of a Mahāpurisa),1018; Dh.241 (holy studies); J.II,100; III,28 (maybe to be classed under 2),537.-- Sometimes in <i>sg</i>.<i>:</i> mantaṃ parivattenti brahma-cintitaṃ Pv.II,6<sup>13</sup> (=veda PvA.97)=Vv 63<sup>16</sup> (=veda VvA.265); -- n.pl.also <i>mantāni</i>,meaning “Vedas”:Miln.10.-- 2 (doubtful,perhaps as sub group to No.3) holy scriptures in general,sacred text,secret doctrine S.I,57 (mantā dhīra “firm in doctrine” K.S.thus taking mantā as Instr.; it may better be taken as <i>mantar</i>); Sn.1042 (where Nd<sup>2</sup> 497 expl<sup>s</sup> as paññā etc.); Mhvs 5,109 (Buddha° the “mantra” of the B.),147 (id.).-- 3.divine utterance,a word with supernatural power,a charm,spell,magic art,witchcraft Miln.11 (see about <i>manta</i> in the Jātakas:Fick,Sociale Gliederung 152,153).At PvA.117 m.is combined with <i>yoga</i> and ascribed to the devas,while y.is referred to men.-- J.I,200 (+paritta); III,511 (°ṃ karoti to utter a charm,cast a spell); DhA.IV,227.There are several special charms mentioned at var.places of the Jātakas,e.g.one called Vedabbha,by means of which under a certain constellation one is able to produce a shower of gems from the air J.I,253 (nakkhatta-yoge laddhe taṃ mantaṃ parivattetvā ākāse ulloki,tato ākāsato satta-ratana-vassaṃ vassati).Others are:paṭhavī-jaya m.(by means of which one conquers the earth) J.II,243; sabba-rāva-jānana° (of knowing all sounds,of animals) III,415; nidhi-uddharana° (of finding secret treasures) III,116; catukaṇṇa° (four-cornered) VI,392,etc.-- 4.advice,counsel,plan,design Vin.IV,308 (°ṃ saṃharati to foil a plan); J.VI,438.-- 5.(adj.) (-°) <i>parivattana°</i> a charm that can be said,an effective charm J.I,200; <i>bahu°</i> knowing many charms,very tricky DhA.II,4; <i>bhinna°</i> one who has neglected an advice J.VI,437,438.<br><br> <i>--ajjhāyaka</i> one who studies the Mantras or Holy Scriptures (of the Brahmins) J.I,167; DhA.III,361 (tinnaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū m.-a.brāhmaṇo).<i>--ajjhena</i> study of the Vedas SnA 314.<i>--pada</i>=manta 1.D.I,104 (=veda-saṅkhāta m.DA.I,273.<i>--pāraga</i> one who masters the Vedas; in buddh.sense:one who excels in wisdom Sn.997.manta in this sense is by the Cys.always expl<sup>d</sup> by paññā,e.g.,Nd<sup>2</sup> 497 (as <i>mantā</i> f.); DhA.IV,93 (id.),SnA 549 (mantāya pariggahetvā).<i>--pāragū</i> one who is accomplished in the Vedas Sn.251 (=vedapāragū SnA 293),690 (=vedānaṃ pāragata SnA 488),976.<i>--bandhava</i> one acquainted with the Mantras Sn.140 (=vedabandhū SnA 192); Nd<sup>1</sup> 11 (where Nd<sup>2</sup> 455 in same connection reads mitta° for manta°:see under bandhu).<i>--bhāṇin</i> reciter of the Holy Texts (or charms) Th.II,281; fig.a clever speaker Sn.850 (but Nd<sup>1</sup> 219 reads manta°; see mantar) Dh.363 (cp.DhA.IV,93; paññāya bhaṇana-sīla) Th.1,2.<i>--yuddka</i> a weird fight,a bewitched battle Mhvs 25,49 (“cunningly planned b.” trsl.Geiger; “diplomatic stratagem,” Turnour).(Page 522),5,1
  6704. 270001,en,15,mantana,mantanā,Mantanā,Mantanā,f.( &#38; °ṇā) [fr.<em>mant</em>] counsel,consultation,deliberation,advice,command D.I,104; A.I,199; Vin.V,164; J.VI,437,438; Miln.3 (ṇ); DA.I,273.(Page 522),7,1
  6705. 270004,en,15,mantanaka,mantanaka,Mantanaka,Mantanaka,(adj.) [fr.mantanā] plotting J.V,437.(Page 522),9,1
  6706. 270060,en,15,mantar,mantar,Mantar,Mantar,[n.ag.of <em>mant</em>,cp.Sk.*mantṛ a thinker] a sage,seer,wise man,usually appositionally Nom.<i>mantā</i> “as a sage,” “like a thinker,” a form which looks like a fem.and is mostly expl<sup>d</sup> as such by the Commentaries.<i>Mantā</i> has also erroneously been taken as Instr.of manta,or as a so-called ger.of manteti,in which latter two functions it has been expl<sup>d</sup> at “jānitvā.” The form has evidently puzzled the old commentators,as early as the Niddesa; through the Abhp (153,979) it has come down at <i>mantā</i> “wisdom” to Childers.Kern,Toev.s.v.hesitates and only comes half near the truth.The Index to Pj.marks the word with? ‹-› S.I,57 (+dhīra; trsl<sup>n</sup> “firm in doctrine”); Sn.159 (“in truth,” opp.to musā; SnA 204 expl<sup>ns</sup> m.=paññā; tāya paricchinditvā bhāsati),916 (mantā asmī ti,expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 562 by “mantāya”),1040=1042 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 497 mantā vuccati paññā etc.); Vv 63<sup>6</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> as jānitvā paññāya paricchinditvā VvA.262).-- Besides this form we have a shortened <i>manta</i> (Nom.) at Sn.455 (akiñcano+),which is expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 402 as <i>mantā jānitvā</i>.It is to be noted that for <i>manta-bhāṇin</i> at Sn.850 the Nd<sup>1</sup> 219 reads <i>mantā</i> and expl<sup>s</sup> customarily by “mantāya pariggahetvā vācaṃ bhāsati.” (Page 522),6,1
  6707. 270186,en,15,manteti,manteti,Manteti,Manteti,[cp.Vedic mantrayati; <em>mant</em> is given at Dhtp in meaning of gutta-bhāsana,i.e.“secret talk”] to pronounce in an important (because secret) manner (like a mantra),i.e.1.to take counsel (with=Instr.or saddhiṃ) D.I,94,104 (mantanaṃ manteyya to discuss) 122 (2<sup>nd</sup> pl.imper.<i>mantavho</i>,as compared with <i>mantayavho</i> J.II,107 besides mantavho ibid.Cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 126); II,87,239; Vin.IV,308 (mantesuṃ aor.; perhaps “plotted”); Sn.p.107 (=talk privately to); Sn.379; J.I,144; VI,525 (<i>mantayitvāna</i> ger.); DA.I,263 (imper.<i>mantayatha</i>); PvA.74 (aor.mantayiṃsu).-- 2.to consider,to think over,to be of opinion A.I,199 (Pot.mantaye); Miln.91 (grd.<i>mantayitabba</i> &#38; inf.<i>mantayituṃ</i>).-- 3.to announce,advise; pronounce,advise Sn.126; Pv IV.1<sup>20</sup> (=kathemi kittayāmi PvA.225); SnA 169.-- pp.<i>mantita</i>.-- Cp.<i>ā°</i>.(Page 522),7,1
  6708. 270219,en,15,mantha,mantha,Mantha,Mantha,[fr.<em>math</em>] a churning stick,a sort of rice-cake (=satthu) Vin.I,4,[cp.Vedic mantha “Rührtrank”= homeric kukew/n “Gerstenmehl in Milch verrührt,” Zimmer,Altind.Leben 268].(Page 523),6,1
  6709. 270276,en,15,mantin,mantin,Mantin,Mantin,(adj.-n.) [fr.manta] 1.(adj.) giving or observing counsel S.I,236.-- 2.(n.) counsellor,minister J.VI,437 (paṇḍita m.).(Page 522),6,1
  6710. 270287,en,15,mantita,mantita,Mantita,Mantita,[pp.of manteti] 1.considered Th.1,9; Miln.91.-- 2.advised,given as counsel J.VI,438; DA.I,273.(Page 522),7,1
  6711. 270327,en,15,manuja,manuja,Manuja,Manuja,[manu+ja,i.e.sprung from Manu,cp.etym.of manussa s.v.] human being; man A.IV,159; Sn.458,661,1043 sq.; Dh.306,334.Nd<sup>2</sup> 496 (expl<sup>ns</sup> as “manussa” &#38; “satta”).<br><br> <i>--âdhipa</i> lord of men Mhvs 19,32.<i>--inda</i> king of men,great king Sn.553; J.VI,98.(Page 519),6,1
  6712. 270356,en,15,manunna,manuñña,Manuñña,Manuñña,(adj.) [cp.Class.Sk.manojña] pleasing,delightful,beautiful Vv 84<sup>17</sup> (=manorama VvA.340); J.I,207; II,331; Pv.II,12<sup>2</sup>; IV,12<sup>1</sup>; Miln.175,398; VvA.11,36; PvA.251; adv.<i>°ṃ</i> pleasantly,delightfully J.IV,252.‹-› Opp.<i>a°</i> unpleasant J.VI,207.(Page 519),7,1
  6713. 270434,en,15,manusa,mānusa,Mānusa,Mānusa,(adj.n.) [cp.Vedic mānuṣa; fr.same base (manus) as manussa] 1.(adj.) human Sn.301 (bhoga); It.94 (kāmā dibbā ca mānusā); Pv.II,9<sup>21</sup> (m.deha); 9<sup>56</sup> (id.).--<i>amānusa</i> divine Vv 35<sup>6</sup>; Pv.II,12<sup>20</sup>; ghostly (=superhuman) Pv IV.3<sup>6</sup>; f.<i>amānusī</i> Pv III,7.<sup>9</sup> -- 2.(n.m.) a human being,a man Mhvs 15,64; f.<i>mānusī</i> a (human) woman J.IV,231; Pv.II,4<sup>1</sup>.--<i>amānusa</i> a superhuman being Pv IV.1<sup>57</sup>.-- pl.<i>mānusā</i> men Sn.361,644; Pv.II,11<sup>7</sup>.As nt.in collective sense=mankind Pv.II,11<sup>3</sup> (v.l.mānussaṃ; C.=manussaloka).(Page 529),6,1
  6714. 270446,en,15,manusaka,mānusaka,Mānusaka,Mānusaka,<i>=mānusa</i>,viz.1.(adj.) human:A.I,213 (sukhaṃ); Sn.524 (brahma-khettaṃ); Dh.417 (yogaṃ= m.kāyaṃ DhA.IV,225); Vv 35<sup>6</sup>; J.I,138 (kāmā).-- f.<i>manusikā</i> Vism.407.-- 2.a human being,man Pv IV.1<sup>57</sup>.Also nt.(collectively) pl.<i>mānusakāni</i> human beings,men DhA.I,233.(Page 529),8,1
  6715. 270510,en,15,manussa,manussa,Manussa,Manussa,[fr.manus,cp.Vedic manuṣya.Connected etym.with Goth.manna=man] a human being,man.The popular etym.connects m.with Manu(s),the ancestor of men,e.g.KhA 123:“Manuno apaccā ti manussā,porāṇā pana bhaṇanti “mana-ussannatāya manussa” ; te Jambudīpakā,Aparagoyānikā,Uttarakurukā,Pubbavidehakā ti catubbidhā.” Similarly with the other view of connecting it with “mind” VvA.18:“manassa ussannatāya manussā” etc.Cp.also VvA.23,where manussa-nerayika,°peta,°tiracchāna are distinguished.-- Sn.75,307,333 sq.,611 sq.; Dh.85,188,197 sq.,321; Nd<sup>1</sup> 97 (as gati),340,484 (°phassa of Sn.964); Vism.312; VbhA.455 (var.clans); DhA.I,364.--<i>amanussa</i> not human,a deva,a ghost,a spirit; in cpds.“haunted,” ilke <i>°kantāra</i> J.I,395,<i>°ṭṭhāna</i> Vv 84<sup>3</sup> (cp.VvA.334 where expl<sup>d</sup>); <i>°sadda</i> DhA.I,315.See also separately <i>amanussa</i>.<br><br> <i>--attabhāva</i> human existence PvA.71,87,122.<i>--itthi</i> a human woman PvA.48,154.<i>--inda</i> lord of men S.I,69; Mhvs 19,33.<i>--khādaka</i> man eater,cannibal (usually appl<sup>d</sup> to Yakkhas) VbhA.451.<i>--deva</i> (a) “god of men,” i.e.king Pv.II,8<sup>11</sup>; (b) men &#38; gods (?) VvA.321 (Hardy,in note takes it as “gods of men,” i.e.brāhmaṇā).<i>--dhamma</i> condition of man,human state VvA.24.See also uttari-manussa dhamma.<i>--bhūta</i> as a human,in human form Pv.I,11<sup>2</sup>; II,1<sup>12</sup>.<i>--loka</i> the world of men Sn.683.(Page 520),7,1
  6716. 270898,en,15,manussatta,manussatta,Manussatta,Manussatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr,manussa] human existence,state of men It.19; Vv 34<sup>16</sup>; SnA 48,51; Sdhp.17 sq.(Page 520),10,1
  6717. 270976,en,15,manussika,manussika,Manussika,Manussika,(adj.) [fr.manussa] see under <i>a°</i>.(Page 520),9,1
  6718. 271015,en,15,manute,manute,Manute,Manute,[Med.form of maññati] to think,discern,understand DhsA.123.(Page 520),6,1
  6719. 271026,en,15,mapaka,māpaka,Māpaka,Māpaka,(-°) (adj.n.) [fr.māpeti] one who measures,only in <i>doṇa°</i> (a minister) measuring the d.revenue (of rice) J.II,367,381; DhA.IV,88; and in <i>dhañña°</i> measuring corn or grain J.III,542 (°kamma,the process of ...); Vism.278 (in comparison).(Page 529),6,1
  6720. 271087,en,15,mapeti,māpeti,Māpeti,Māpeti,[Caus.of <em>mā</em>,see mināti.The simplex mimīte has the meaning of “erect,build” already in Vedic Sk.] 1.to build,construct S.II,106 (nagaraṃ); Mhvs 6,35 (id.); Vv 84<sup>53</sup>; VvA.260.-- 2.to create,bring about,make or cause to appear by supernatural power (in folkoristic literature,cp.nimmināti in same sense) J.II,111 (sarīraṃ nāvaṃ katvā māpesi transformed into a ship); IV,274; Mhvs 28,31 (maggaṃ caused a road to appear).-- 3.to measure out (?),to declare (?),in a doubtful passage J.IV,302,where a misreading is probable,as indicated by v.l.BB (samāpassiṃsu for T.tena amāpayiṃsu).Perhaps we should read tena-māsayiṃsu.(Page 529),6,1
  6721. 271133,en,15,mara,mara,Mara,Mara,(adj.) [fr.<em>mṛ</em>] dying; only neg.<i>amara</i> not dying,immortal,in phrase ajarāmara free from decay &#38; death Th.II,512; Pv.II,6<sup>11</sup>.See also <i>amara</i>.(Page 524),4,1
  6722. 271146,en,15,mara,māra,Māra,Māra,[fr.<em>mṛ</em>,later Vedic,māra killing,destroying,bringing death,pestilence,cp.Lat.mors death,morbus illness,Lith.māras death,pestilence] death; usually personified as Np.Death,the Evil one,the Tempter (the Buddhist Devil or Principle of Destruction).Sometimes the term <i>māra</i> is applied to the whole of the worldly existence,or the realm of rebirth,as opposed to Nibbāna.Thus the def<sup>n</sup> of <i>m</i>.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 506 gives “kammâbhisaṅkhāra-vasena paṭisandhiko <i>khandha-</i> māro,<i>dhātu°</i>,<i> āyatana°</i>.-- Other general epithets of M (quasi twin-embodiments) are given with <i>Kaṇha</i>,<i> Adhipati</i>,<i> Antaka</i>,<i> Namuci</i>,<i> Pamattabandhu</i> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 489=Nd<sup>2</sup> 507; the two last ones also at Nd<sup>1</sup> 455.The usual standing epithet is <i>pāpimā</i> “the evil one,” e.g.S.I,103 sq.(the famous Māra-Saṃyutta:see Windisch,Māra &#38; Buddha); Nd<sup>1</sup> 439; DhA.IV,71 (Māravatthu) &#38; freq.-- See e.g.Sn.32,422,429 sq.,1095,1103; Dh.7,40,46,57,105,175,274; Nd<sup>1</sup> 475; Vism.79,228,376; KhA 105; SnA 37,44 sq.,225,350 sq.,386 sq.; Sdhp.318,449,609.Further refs. &#38; details see under Proper Names.<br><br> <i>--âbhibhū</i> overcoming M.or death Sn.545=571.<i>--kāyika</i> a class of gods Miln.285; KvuA 54.<i>--dhītaro</i> the daughters of M.SnA 544.<i>--dheyya</i> being under the sway of M.; the realm or kingdom of Māra A.IV,228; Sn.764; Dh.34 (=kilesa-vaṭṭa DhA.I,289).<i>--bandhana</i> the fetter of death Dh.37,276,350 (=tebhūmaka-vaṭṭasaṅkhātaṃ DhA.IV,69).<i>--senā</i> the army of M.Sn.561,563; SnA 528.(Page 530),4,1
  6723. 271220,en,15,maraka,māraka,Māraka,Māraka,(-°) [fr.māreti] one who kills or destroys,as <i>manussa°</i> man-killer J.II,182; <i>hatthi°</i> elephant-killer DhA.I,80.-- m.in phrase <i>samāraka</i> (where the --ka belongs to the whole cpd.) see under <i>samāraka</i>.(Page 530),6,1
  6724. 271271,en,15,marana,maraṇa,Maraṇa,Maraṇa,(nt.) [fr.<em>mṛ</em>] death,as ending this (visible) existence,physical death,in a narrower meaning than <i>kālakiriyā;</i> dying,in cpds.death.-- The customary stock definition of maraṇa runs; yaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā satta-nikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ,maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā,khandhānaṃ bhedo,kaḷebarassa nikkhepo M.I,49; Nd<sup>1</sup> 123,124 (adds “jīvit’indriyass’upacchedo”).Cp.similar def<sup>ns</sup> of birth and old age under <i>jāti</i> and <i>jarā</i>.-- S.I,121; D.III,52,111 sq.,135 sq.,146 sq.,235,258 sq.; Sn.32,318,426 sq.,575 sq.,742,806; Nd<sup>2</sup> 254 (=maccu); Pug.60; Vbh.99 sq.; VbhA.100 (def<sup>n</sup> and exegesis in det.,cp.Vism.502),101 (var.kinds of,cp.Vism.229),156 (lahuka),157; DhA.III,434; PvA.5,18,54,64,76,96; Sdhp.292,293.--<i>kāla°</i> timely death (opp.akāla°); <i>khaṇika°</i> sudden death Vism.229.<br><br> <i>--anta</i> having death as its end (of jīvita) Dh.148 (cp.DhA.II,366:maraṇa-saṅkhāto antako).<i>--ânussati</i> mindfulness of death Vism.197,230 sq.(under 8 aspects).<i>--cetanā</i> intention of death DhA.I,20.<i>--dhamma</i> subject to death PvA.41.<i>--pariyosana</i> ending in death (of jīvita,life) DhA.III,111,170.<i>--pāra</i> “the other side of death,” Np.at Nd<sup>1</sup> 154 (vv.ll.BB purāpuraṃ; SS parammukhaṃ).<i>--bhaya</i> the fear of death J.I,203; VI,398; Vbh.367.<i>--bhojana</i> food given before death,the last meal J.I,197; II,420.<i>--mañca</i> death-bed Vism.47,549; <i>°ka</i> J.IV,132.<i>--mukha</i> the mouth of d.PvA.97 (or should we read °dukkha?).<i>--sati</i> the thought (or mindfulness) of death,meditation on death SnA 54; DhA.III,171; PvA.61,66.<i>--samaya</i> the time of death VbhA.157--159 (in var.conditions as regards paṭisandhi).(Page 524),6,1
  6725. 271282,en,15,marana,māraṇa,Māraṇa,Māraṇa,(nt.) [fr.Caus.māreti] killing,slaughter,death D.II,128; Sdhp.295,569.(Page 530),6,1
  6726. 271838,en,15,marapeti,mārāpeti,Mārāpeti,Mārāpeti,[Caus.II.of <em>mṛ</em>]:see marati.-- pp.<i>mārāpita</i>.(Page 530),8,1
  6727. 271855,en,15,marapita,mārāpita,Mārāpita,Mārāpita,[pp.of mārāpeti] killed J.II,417; III,531.(Page 530),8,1
  6728. 271858,en,15,marapitatta,mārāpitatta,Mārāpitatta,Mārāpitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.mārāpita] being incited to kill DhA.I,141.(Page 530),11,1
  6729. 271907,en,15,marati,marati,Marati,Marati,[<em>mṛ</em>=Idg.<i>*mer</i>,Vedic mriyate &#38; marate; cp.Av.miryeite,Sk.marta=Gr.brotόs mortal,man; māra death; Goth.maurpr=Ags.mort=Ger.mord; Lith.miQti to die; Lat.morior to die,mors death.The root is identical with that of mṛṇāti to crush:see maṇāti,and mṛdnāti (mardati) same:see mattikā.-- The Dhtp (No.245) defines <em>mṛ</em> by “pāṇa-cāge,” i.e.giving up breathing] to die.-- pres.<i>marati</i> Mhvs v.spur.after 5,27; 36,83; Pot.<i>mareyyaṃ</i> J.VI,498; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>mareyyāsi</i> J.III,276.ppr.<i>maramāna</i> Mhvs 36,76.-- aor.<i>amarā</i> J.III,389 (=mata C.; with gloss <i>amari)</i>.<i> --amari</i> Mhvs 36,96.-- Fut.<i>marissati</i> J.III,214.-- ppr.(=fut.) <i>marissaṃ</i> J.III,214 (for *mariṣyanta).-- Inf.<i>marituṃ</i> D.II,330 (amaritu-kāma not willing to die); Vism.297 (id.); VvA.207 (positive); and <i>marituye</i> Th.2,426.‹-› The form <i>miyyati</i> (mīyati) see separately.-- Caus I.<i>māreti</i> to kill,murder Mhvs 37,27; PvA.4.Pass.<i>māriyati</i> PvA.5 (ppr.māriyamāna); Sdhp.139 (read mār° for marīy°).-- Caus.II.<i>mārāpeti</i> to cause to be killed J.III,178; Mhvs 37,28.Cp.<i>pamāreti</i>.(Page 524),6,1
  6730. 271913,en,15,maratta,māratta,Māratta,Māratta,(nt.) [*Māra-tvaṃ] state of,or existence as a Māra god,Māraship Vbh.337.(Page 530),7,1
  6731. 272019,en,15,maretar,māretar,Māretar,Māretar,[n.ag.to māreti] one who kills,slayer,destroyer S.III,189.(Page 530),7,1
  6732. 272027,en,15,mareti,māreti,Māreti,Māreti,[Caus.of <em>mṛ</em>] to kill:see under marati.-- pp.<i>mārita</i>.(Page 530),6,1
  6733. 272083,en,15,marica,marica,Marica,Marica,(nt.) [cp.scientific Sk.marica] black pepper Vin.I,201 (allowed as medicine to the bhikkhus); Miln.63.<br><br> <i>--gaccha</i> the M.-shrub J.V,12.<i>--cuṇṇa</i> powdered pepper,fine pepper J.I,455.(Page 524),6,1
  6734. 272122,en,15,marici,marīci,Marīci,Marīci,(f.) [Vedic marīci; cp.Gr.marmaiρw to shimmer,glitter,maίra dog star,a)maruζsw sparkle; Lat.merus clear,pure; perhaps also mariyādā to be taken here] 1.a ray of light VvA.166.-- 2.a mirage J.VI,209; Vism.496; VbhA.34,85; often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>māyā</i> (q.v.),e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> 680 A<SUP>II</SUP>; J.II,330.<br><br> <i>--kammaṭṭhāna</i> the “mirage” station of exercise DhA.III,165.<i>--dhamma</i> like a mirage,unsubstantial J.VI,206; Dh.46; DhA.I,337.(Page 524),6,1
  6735. 272135,en,15,maricika,marīcikā,Marīcikā,Marīcikā,(f.)=marīci 2; S.III,141; Vism.479 (in comp.); Dh.170 (=māyā DhA.III,166).(Page 524),8,1
  6736. 272163,en,15,marisa,mārisa,Mārisa,Mārisa,(adj.) [perhaps identical with mādisa] only in Voc.as respectful term of address,something like “Sir,” pl.“Sirs.” In sg.<i>mārisa</i> M.I,327; A.III,332; Sn.814,1036,1038,1045 etc.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 140=Nd<sup>2</sup> 508 (here expl<sup>d</sup> by same formula as āyasmā,viz.piya-vacanaṃ garu-vacanaṃ etc.); J.V,140; Pv.II,13<sup>3</sup>; Mhvs 1,27.-- pl.<i>mārisā</i> Sn.682; J.I,47,49; Vism.415; PvA.75.Explained by Buddhaghosa to mean niddukkha K.S.I.2 n.(Page 530),6,1
  6737. 272214,en,15,marita,mārita,Mārita,Mārita,[pp.of māreti] killed S.I,66; Vin.III,72; J.II,417 (aññehi m.-bhāvaṃ jānātha).(Page 530),6,1
  6738. 272261,en,15,mariyada,mariyādā,Mariyādā,Mariyādā,(f.) [cp.Vedic maryādā; perhaps related to Lat.mare sea; s.Walde,Lat.Wtb.under mare] 1.boundary,limit,shore,embankment Vin.III,50; A.III,227 (brāhmaṇānaṃ); D.III,92=Vism.419; J.V,325; VI,536 (tīra°); Mhvs.34,70; 36,59 (vāpi°); Miln.416.-- 2.strictly defined relation,rule,control J.II,215; Vism.15.-- adj.keeping to the lines (or boundaries),observing strict rules A.III,227 (quoted SnA 318,325).<i>°bandha</i> keeping in control Vin.I,287.-- Cp.<i>vimariyādi</i>.(Page 524),8,1
  6739. 272350,en,15,maru,maru,Maru,Maru,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic marut,always in pl.marutaḥ,the gods of the thunder-storm] 1.pl.<i>marū</i> the genii,spirits of the air Sn.681,688; Miln.278 (nāga-yakkha-nara-marū; perhaps in meaning 2); Mhvs 5,27.-- 2.gods in general (°-) Mhvs 15,211 (°gaṇā hosts of gods); 18,68 (°narā gods and men).-- Cp.<i>māruta </i>&<i> māluta</i>.(Page 524),4,1
  6740. 272351,en,15,maru,maru,Maru,Maru,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Epic Sk.maru] a region destitute of water,a desert.Always comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>°kantāra:</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 155 (as Name); J.I,107; VbhA.6; VvA.332; PvA.99,112.(Page 524),4,1
  6741. 272381,en,15,marumba,marumba,Marumba,Marumba,[etym.?] a sort of (sweet-scented) earth or sand Vin.II,121,142,153 (at these passages used for besprinkling a damp living-cell); IV,33 (pāsāṇā,sakkharā,kaṭhalā,marumbā,vālikā); Mhvs 29,8; Dpvs 19,2; Miln.197 (pāsāṇa,sakkhara,khara,m.).(Page 524),7,1
  6742. 272408,en,15,maruta,māruta,Māruta,Māruta,[for the usual māluta] the wind S.I,127; Mhbv 8.(Page 530),6,1
  6743. 272418,en,15,maruva,maruvā,Maruvā,Maruvā,(f.) [cp.Sk.mūrvā,perhaps connected with Lat.malva] a species of hemp (Sanseveria roxburghiana) M.I,429.At J.II,115 we find reading <i>marūdvā </i>&<i> marucavāka</i> (C.),of uncertain meaning? (Page 524),6,1
  6744. 272424,en,15,masa,masa,Masa,Masa,in line “āsadañ ca masañ jaṭaṃ” at J.VI,328 is to be comb<sup>d</sup> with ca,and read as <i>camasañ</i>,i.e.a ladle for sacrificing (C.:aggi-dahanaṃ).(Page 525),4,1
  6745. 272432,en,15,masa,māsa,Māsa,Māsa,<sup>3</sup> [identical with māsa<sup>2</sup>] a small coin (=māsaka) J.II,425 (satta māsā=s.māsakā C.).(Page 531),4,1
  6746. 272433,en,15,masa,māsa,Māsa,Māsa,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic māṣa,Phaseolus indica,closely related to another species:mudga Phaseolus mungo] a bean (Phaseolus indica or radiata); usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>mugga</i>,e.g.Vin.III,64; Miln.267,341; DA.I,83.Also used as a weight (or measure?) in dhañña-māsa,which is said to be equal to 7 lice:VbhA.343.-- pl.<i>māse</i> Vv 80<sup>6</sup> (=māsa-sassāni VvA.310).<br><br> <i>--odaka</i> bean-water KhA 237.<i>--khetta</i> a field of beans VvA.80<sup>8</sup>; VvA.308.<i>--bīja</i> bean-seed DhA.III,212.<i>--vana</i> plantation J.V,37 (+mugga°).(Page 531),4,1
  6747. 272434,en,15,masa,māsa,Māsa,Māsa,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Vedic māsa, &#38; mās; Gr.mήn (Ionic meiζ); Av.māh (moon &#38; month); Lat.mensis; Oir.mī; Goth.mēna=moon; Ohg.māno,mānōt month.Fr.<i>*mē</i> to measure:see mināti] a month,as the 12<sup>th</sup> part of the year.The 12 months are (beginning with what chronologically corresponds to our middle of March):Citta (Citra),Vesākha,Jeṭṭha,Āsāḷha,Sāvaṇa,Poṭṭhapāda,Assayuja,Kattika,Māgasira,Phussa,Māgha,Phagguna.As to the names cp.nakkhatta.Usually in Acc.,used adverbially; Nom.rare,e.g.aḍḍha-māso half-month VvA.66; Āsāḷhi-māsa VvA.307 (=gimhānaṃ pacchima māsa); pl.dve māsā PvA.34 (read māse); cattāro gimhāna-māsā KhA 192 (of which the 1<sup>st</sup> is Citra,otherwise called Paṭhama-gimha “1<sup>st</sup> summer” and Bāla-vasanta “premature spring”).-- Instr.pl.catūhi māsehi Miln.82; PvA.I,10<sup>12</sup>.-- Acc.pl.as adv.:dasamāse 10 months J.I,52; bahu-māse PvA.135; also nt.chammāsāni 6 months S.III,155.Freq.Acc.sg.collectively:a period of ...,e.g.<i>temāsaṃ</i> 3 months DhsA.15; PvA.20; <i>catu°</i> DA.I,83; PvA.96; <i>satta°</i> PvA.20; <i>dasa°</i> PvA.63; <i>aḍḍha°</i> a fortnight Vin.IV,117.-- On <i>māsa</i> ( &#38; f.<i>māsī</i>),as well as shortened form <i>°ma</i> see <i>puṇṇa</i>.<br><br> <i>--puṇṇatā</i> fullness or completion of the month DA.I,140; <i>--mattaṃ</i> (adv.) for the duration of a month PvA.19.(Page 531),4,1
  6748. 272450,en,15,masacita,māsācita,Māsācita,Māsācita,[māsa<sup>1</sup>+ācita] filled by the (say 6 or more) month(s),i.e.heavy (alluding to the womb in advanced pregnancy),heaped full M.I,332 (kucchi garu-garu viya māsācitaṃ maññe ti; Neumann trsl<sup>s</sup> “wie ein Sack voll Bohnen,” thus taking m.=māsa<sup>2</sup>,and ācita as “heap” which however is not justified).This passage has given rise to a gloss at Vbh.386,where <i>māsācitaṃ maññe</i> was added to kāyo garuko akammañño,in meaning “heavy,languid.” The other enum<sup>ns</sup> of the 8 kusīta-vatthūni (A.IV,332; D.III,255) do not give <i>m</i>.<i> m</i>.It may be that the resemblance between akam‹-› <i>mañño</i> and <i>maññe</i> has played a part in reminding the Commentator of this phrase.The fact that Bdhgh comments on this passage in the VbhA.(p.510) shows,that the reading of Vbh.386 is a very old one.Bdhgh takes māsa in the sense of māsa<sup>2</sup> &#38; expl<sup>s</sup> <i>māsācita</i> as “wet bean” (tinta māso),thus omitting expl<sup>n</sup> of ācita.The passage at VbhA.510 runs:“ettha pana māsācitaṃ nāma tintamāso,yathā tintamāso garuko hoti,evaṃ garuko ti adhippāyo.” (Page 531),8,1
  6749. 272489,en,15,masaka,māsaka,Māsaka,Māsaka,[fr.māsa<sup>2</sup>+ka=māsa<sup>3</sup>] lit.a small bean,used as a standard of weight &#38; value; hence a small coin of very low value.Of copper,wood &#38; lac (DhsA.318; cp.KhA 37; jatu°,dāru°,loha°); the suvaṇṇa° (golden m.) at J.IV,107 reminds of the “gold” in fairy tales.That its worth is next to nothing is seen from the descending progression of coins at DhA.III,108=VvA.77,which,beginning with <i>kahāpaṇa</i>,<i> aḍḍha-pāda</i>,places <i>māsaka </i>&<i> kāhaṇikā</i> next to <i>mudhā</i> “gratis.” It only “counts” when it amounts to 5 māsakas.-- Vin.III,47,67; IV,226 (pañca°); J.I,112 (aḍḍha-māsakaṃ na agghati is worth nothing); IV,107; V,135 (first a rain of flowers,then of māsakas,then kahāpaṇas); DhA.II,29 (pañca-m.-mattaṃ a sum of 5 m.); PvA.282 (m+aḍḍha° half-pennies &#38; farthings,as children’s pocket-money).(Page 531),6,1
  6750. 272530,en,15,masakkhimha,māsakkhimhā,Māsakkhimhā,Māsakkhimhā,at Vin.III,23 is for mā asakkhimhā “we could not”; <i>mā</i> here stands for <i>na</i>.(Page 531),11,1
  6751. 272537,en,15,masalu,māsalu,Māsalu,Māsalu,[reading uncertain] only Instr.<i>māsalunā</i> Miln.292,Trenckner says (note p.428):“m.is otherwise unknown,it must mean a period shorter than 5 months.Cp.Sk.māsala.” -- Rh.D.(trsl.II.148) translates “got in a month,” following the Sinhalese gloss.‹-› The period seems to be only a little shorter than 5 months; there may be a connection with catu in the word.(Page 531),6,1
  6752. 272549,en,15,masana,masāṇa,Masāṇa,Masāṇa,(nt.) [etym.? prob.provincial &#38; local] a coarse cloth of interwoven hemp and other materials D.I,166; M.I,308,345; A.I,241,295; Pug.55.At all passages as a dress worn by certain ascetics.(Page 525),6,1
  6753. 272598,en,15,masaragalla,masāragalla,Masāragalla,Masāragalla,(m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Sk.masāra emerald+galva crystal &#38; musāragalva] a precious stone,cat’s eye; also called <i>kabara-maṇi</i> (e.g.VvA.304).It occurs in stereotyped enum<sup>n</sup> of gems at Vin.II,238 (where it is said to be found in the Ocean)=Miln.267; and at Miln.118,where it always stands next to <i>lohitaṅka</i>.The same comb<sup>n</sup> (with lohit.) is found at Vv 36<sup>3</sup>; 78<sup>3</sup>=81<sup>3</sup>; 84<sup>15</sup>. <i>Masi</i>.[cp.Class.Sk.maṣi &#38; masi] 1.the fine particles of ashes,in <i>aṅgara°</i> charcoal-dust VvA.67=DhA.III,309; (agginā) <i>masiṃ karoti</i> to reduce to powder (by fire),to burn to ashes,turn to dust S.II,88=IV.197=A.I,204= II.199.-- 2.soot J.I,483 (<i>ukkhali°</i> soot on a pot).(Page 525),11,1
  6754. 272621,en,15,masaraka,masāraka,Masāraka,Masāraka,[fr.masāra?] a kind of couch (mañca) or longchair; enum<sup>d</sup> under the 4 kinds of mañcā at Vin.IV,40.-- See also Vin.II,149; IV,357 (where expl<sup>d</sup> as:mañcapāde vijjhitvā tattha aṭṭaniyo pavesetvā kato:made by boring a hole into the feet of the bed &#38; putting through a notched end); VvA.8,9.(Page 525),8,1
  6755. 272637,en,15,masati,masati,Masati,Masati,[<em>mṛś</em>] to touch:only in cpd.āmasati.The root is expl<sup>d</sup> at Dhtp 305 as “āmasana.” Another root masu [<em>mṛś</em>?] is at Dhtm 444 given in meaning “macchera.” Does this refer to Sk.mṛṣā (=P.micchā)? Cp.<i>māsati</i>,<i> māsana</i> etc.(Page 525),6,1
  6756. 272640,en,15,masati,māsati,Māsati,Māsati,Māsana,Māsin [fr.<em>mṛṣ</em>,for massati etc.; see masati| touch,touching,etc.in sense of eating or taking in.So is probably to be read for āsati etc.in the foll.passages,where <i>m</i> precedes this <i>ā</i> in all cases.Otherwise we have to refer them to a root <em>ās</em>=<em>as</em> (to eat) and consider the <i>m</i> as partly euphonic.--dumapakkāni-<i>māsita</i> J.II,446 (C.reads māsita &#38; expl<sup>ns</sup> by asita,dhāta); visa-māsita Milo 302 (T.reads visamāsita) having taken in poison; visa-<i>māsan-</i>ûpatāpa (id.) Vism.166; tiṇa-<i>māsin</i> eating grass J.VI,354 (=tiṇakhādaka C.).-- A similar case where Sandhi-m- has led to a wrong partition of syllables and has thus been lost through syncope may be P.eḷaka<sup>1</sup>,as comp<sup>d</sup> with Sk.methi (cp.Prk.meḍhi),pillar,post.(Page 531),6,1
  6757. 272672,en,15,masika,māsika,Māsika,Māsika,(adj.) [fr.māsa<sup>1</sup>] 1.of a month,i.e.a month old Miln.302.-- 2.of a month,i.e.consisting of months,so many months (old) (-°),as <i>aḍḍha°</i> at intervals of half a month D.I,166; M.I,238,343; Pug.55; <i>dve°</i> two months old Pv.I,6<sup>7</sup>.-- 3.monthly,i.e.once a month Th.1,283 (bhatta).-- Cp.<i>māsiya</i>.(Page 531),6,1
  6758. 272686,en,15,masiya,māsiya,Māsiya,Māsiya,(adj.) [=māsika] consisting of months D.II,327 (dvādasa° saṃvacchara the year of 12 months).(Page 531),6,1
  6759. 272700,en,15,massu,massu,Massu,Massu,[Vedic śmaśru] the beard D.II,42; Pug.55; J.IV,159.--parūḷha° with long-grown beard DA.I,263; bahala° thick-bearded J.V,42.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> beard-dressing J.III,114; DhA.I,253.<i>--karaṇa</i> shaving DhA.I,253; DA.I,137.<i>--kutti</i> [m.+ *kḷpti] beard-trimming J.III,314 (C.=°kiriyā).(Page 525),5,1
  6760. 272713,en,15,massuka,massuka,Massuka,Massuka,(adj.) [fr.massu] bearded; <i>a°</i> beardless (of a woman) J.II,185.(Page 525),7,1
  6761. 272745,en,15,masuraka,masūraka,Masūraka,Masūraka,[connected with masāraka] a bolster J.IV,87; VI,185.(Page 525),8,1
  6762. 272765,en,15,mata,mata,Mata,Mata,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of marati,<em>mṛ</em>] dead M.I,88 (ekāha° dead one day); III,159 (matam eyya would go to die); Sn.200,440; J.V,480.Neg.<i>amata</i> see separate article.-- Note.mata at PvA.110 is to be corrected into cuta.<br><br> <i>--kicca</i> duty towards the dead,rites for the dead PvA.274.(Page 517),4,1
  6763. 272766,en,15,mata,mata,Mata,Mata,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of maññati] thought,understood,considered (as=--°),only late in use Vbh.2 (hīna° paṇīta°,doubtful reading); Sdhp.55; Mhvs 25,55 (tassā matena according to her opinion); 25,110 (pasu-samā matā,pl.considered like beasts).Cp.sam°.-- Note.Does <i>mata-sāyika</i> at Th.1,501 (=Miln.367) belong under this mata? Then mata would have to be taken as nt.meaning “thought,thinking,” but the phrase is not without objection both semantically &#38; syntactically.Mrs.Rh.D.(Brethren,p.240) trsl<sup>s</sup> “nesting-place of thought.” (Page 517),4,1
  6764. 272806,en,15,matahaka,maṭāhaka,Maṭāhaka,Maṭāhaka,(adj.) [doubtful spelling &#38; meaning] short (?) Vin.II,138 (ati°=atikhuddaka C.).(Page 515),8,1
  6765. 272818,en,15,mataja,maṭaja,Maṭaja,Maṭaja,(nt.) [doubtful] a certain weapon M.I,281 (°ṃ nāma āvudhajātaṃ; Neumann trsl<sup>s</sup> “Mordwaffe”).(Page 515),6,1
  6766. 272827,en,15,mataka,mataka,Mataka,Mataka,[fr.mata<sup>2</sup>] dead,one who is dead DhA.II,274.<br><br> <i>--ākāra</i> condition of one who is dead J.I,164 (°ṃ dassati pretends to be dead).<i>--bhatta</i> a meal for the dead,food offered to the manes J.IV,151; DhA.I,326 (=petakicca p.328); III,25.(Page 517),6,1
  6767. 272960,en,15,matanga,mātaṅga,Mātaṅga,Mātaṅga,[cp.Epic Sk.mātaṅga,dial.] an elephant Dh.329,330 (here as Ep.of nāga); J.III,389; VI,47; Vv 43<sup>9</sup>; Miln.368.-- 2.a man of a low class [cp.BSk.mātaṅgī Divy 397] SnA 185 sq.(as Np.).(Page 527),7,1
  6768. 273134,en,15,matar,mātar,Mātar,Mātar,(f.) [Vedic mātā,stem mātar°,Av.mātar-,Gr.mήthr (Doric mάthr) Lat.māter,Oir.māthir,Ohg.muoter,Ags.modor=mother; Cp.further Gr.mήtra uterus,Lat.mātrix id.,Sk.mātṛkā mother,grandmother,Ger.mieder corset.From Idg.*ma,onomat.part.,cp.“mamma”] mother.-- Cases:Nom.sg.<i>mātā</i> Sn.296; Dh.43; J.IV,463; V,83; VI,117; Nd<sup>2</sup> 504 (def.as janikā); Gen.<i>mātu</i> Th.1,473; Vin.I,17; J.I,52; <i>mātuyā</i> J.I,53; Mhvs 10,80; PvA.31; and <i>mātāya</i> J.I,62; Dat.<i>mātu</i> Mhvs 9,19; Acc.<i>mātaraṃ</i> Sn.60,124; Dh.294; Instr.<i>mātarā</i> Th.2,212; Loc.<i>mātari</i> Dh.284 -- pl.does not occur.In comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>pitā</i> father,<i>mātā</i> always precedes the former,thus <i>mātā-pitaro</i> (pl.) “mother &#38; father” (see below).--<i>mātito</i> (Abl.-adv.) from the mother’s side (cp.pitito) D.I,113; A.III,151; PvA.29.-- On <i>mātā</i> in simile see J.P.T.S.1907,122; cp.Vism.321 (simile of a mother’s solicitude for her children).Similarly the pop.etym.of mātā is given,with “mamāyatī ti mātā” at VbhA.107.-- The 4 bases of m.in comp<sup>n</sup> are:<i>mātā°</i>,<i> māti°</i>,<i> mātu°</i>,<i> </i>&<i> matti°</i>.-- 1.<i>mātā°:--pitaro</i> mother &#38; father D.III,66,188 sq.; Sn.404; Miln.12.See also <i>pitā</i>.<i> --pitika</i> having mother &#38; father DhA.II,2.<i>--pitiṭṭhāna</i> place of m. &#38; f.DhA.II,95.<i>--pettika</i> having m. &#38; f.,of m. &#38; f.Nd<sup>2</sup> 385 (nāma-gotta).<i>--petti-bhāra</i> supporting one’s m. &#38; f.S.I,228; J.I,202; VI,498.<i>--maha</i> maternal grandfather J.IV,146; DhA.I,346.-- 2.<i>māti°:--devatā</i> protector or guardian of one’s mother J.III,422 (gloss:mātu-devatā viya).<i>--pakkha</i> the mother’s side DhA.I,4 (+pitipakkha).<i>--posaka</i> supporting one’s m.J.III,422 (v.l.mātu°).-- 3.<i>mātu°:--upaṭṭhāna</i> (spelt mātupaṭṭh°) reverence towards one’s m.DhA.IV,14.<i>--kucchi</i> m’s womb D.II,12; Vism.560 (°gata); VbhA.96; DhA.I,127.<i>--gāma</i> “genex feminarum,” womanfolk,women (collectively cp.Ger,frauen-zimmer) A.II,126; Vin.IV,175; M.I,448,462; III,126; S.IV,239 sq.; J.I,201; III,90,530.(pl.°gāmā p.531); Pug.68; SnA 355; PvA.271; VvA.77.<i>--ghāta</i> &#38; (usually) <i>°ka</i> a matricide (+pitu-ghātaka; see abhiṭhāna) Vin.I,168,320; Miln.310; Tikp 167 sq.; VbhA.425.<i>--ghātikamma</i> matricide Tikp.281.<i>--bhūta</i> having been his mother PvA.78.<i>--mattin</i> (see matta<sup>1</sup> 4) whatever is a mother S.IV,110 (°īsu mātucittaṃ upaṭṭhapeti foster the thought of mother towards whatever is a mother,where in sequence with bhaginī-mattin &#38; dhītumattin).<i>--hadaya</i> a mother’s heart PvA.63.-- 4.<i>matti°:</i> see matti-sambhava.(Page 527),5,1
  6769. 273189,en,15,mathana,mathana,Mathana,Mathana,(adj.nt.) [fr.<em>math</em>] shaking up,crushing,harassing,confusing Miln.21 (+maddana); DhA.I,312; PvA.265.(Page 518),7,1
  6770. 273203,en,15,mathati,mathati,Mathati,Mathati,[Vedic <em>math</em>,<em> manth</em> to twirl,shake about,stir etc.; cp.Lat.mamphur part of the lathe=Ger.mandel (“mangle”),E.mandrel; Lith.mentùris churning stick,Gr.mόqos tumult mόqoura shaft of rudder.‹-› The Dhtp (126) gives both roots (<em>math</em> &#38; <em>manth</em>) and expl<sup>s</sup> by “viḷolana,” as does Dhtm (183) by “viḷoṭana”] to churn,to shake,disturb,upset.Only in Caus.<i>matheti</i> to agitate,crush,harass,upset (cittaṃ) S.IV,210; Sn.50 (=tāseti hāpeti Nd<sup>2</sup> 492); Pv IV.7<sup>1</sup> (kammānaṃ vipāko mathaye manaṃ; C 264:abhibhaveyya); Miln.385 (vāyu pādape mathayati; ...kilesā mathayitabbā).-- pp.<i>mathita</i>.See also <i>abhimatthati</i> (sic) &#38; <i>nimmatheti</i>.(Page 518),7,1
  6771. 273228,en,15,mathita,mathita,Mathita,Mathita,[pp.of matheti] 1.(churned) buttermilk Vin.II,301 (amathita-kappa).-- 2.upset,mentally unbalanced state,disturbance of mind through passion,conceit,etc.M.I,486 (maññita+).Neumann trsl<sup>s</sup> “Vermutung” i.e.speculation,guessing (v.l.matth°).(Page 518),7,1
  6772. 273251,en,15,mati,mati,Mati,Mati,(f.) [Vedic mati,fr.<em>man</em><i>:</i> cp.Av.maitiš,Lat.mens,mentem (cp.E.mental); Goth.ga-munds,gaminpi,Ohg.gi-munt,E.mind] mind,opinion,thought; thinking of,hankering after,love or wish for Vin.III,138 (purisa° thought of a man); Mhvs 3,42 (padīpa lamp of knowledge); 15,214 (amala° pure-minded); PvA.151 (kāma+).--<i>su°</i> (adj.) wise,clever Mhvs 15,214; opp.<i>du°</i> (adj.) foolish J.III,83 (=duppañña C.); Pv.I,8<sup>2</sup> (=nippañña PvA.40); Sdhp.292.(Page 517),4,1
  6773. 273286,en,15,matika,mātikā,Mātikā,Mātikā,(f.) [*Sk.mātṛkā] 1.a water course Vism.554 (°âtikkamaka); Mhvs 35,96; 37,50; SnA 500 (=sobbha); DhA.II,141 (its purpose:“ito c’ito ca udakaṃ haritvā attano sassa-kammaṃ sampādenti”); VvA.301.-- 2.tabulation,register,tabulated summary,condensed contents,esp.of philosophical parts of the Canonical books in the Abhidhamma; used in Vinaya in place of Abhidhamma Piṭaka; probably the original form of that (later) Piṭaka Vin.I,119,337; II,8 [cp.semantically in similar sense Lat.mātrix=E.matric,i.e.register.In BSk.mātrikā Divy 18,333] A.I,117 (Dhamma-dhara,Vinaya-dhara,Mātikā-dhara; here equivalent to Abhidhamma); Vism.312 (so pañcavasso hutvā dve mātikā paguṇaṃ katvā pavāretvā); SnA 15; KhA 37,99,117.<br><br> <i>--nikkhepa</i> putting down of a summary,tabulation Vism.536,540.The summary itself is sometimes called <i>nikkhepa</i>,e.g.the 4<sup>th</sup> part of the Atthasālinī (DhsA.pp.343--409) is called <i>nikkhepa-kaṇḍa</i> or chapter of the summary; similarly <i>m</i>.<i>--nikkhepa vāra</i> at Tikp.11.(Page 528),6,1
  6774. 273357,en,15,matikata,matikata,Matikata,Matikata,(adj.) [cp.Sk.matī-kṛta,fr.matya,nt.,harrow =Lat.mateola,Ohg.medela plough] in <i>su°</i> wellharrowed (field) A.I,229,239 (khetta).(Page 517),8,1
  6775. 273398,en,15,matimant,matimant,Matimant,Matimant,(adj.) [mati+mant] sensible,intelligent,wise,metri causâ as <i>matīmā</i> (fr.matimanto,pl.) at Sn.881 (=matimā paṇḍitā Nd<sup>1</sup> 289).(Page 517),8,1
  6776. 273457,en,15,matiya,mātiya,Mātiya,Mātiya,(adj.n.) [the diæretic form of macca,used in verse,cp.Sk.martya &#38; Vedic (poetical) martia] (a) mortal J.VI,100 (C.macca; gloss māṇava).(Page 528),6,1
  6777. 273466,en,15,matta,maṭṭa,Maṭṭa,Maṭṭa, &#38; Maṭṭha [pp.of <i>mṛj</i>,see majjati<sup>2</sup>] wiped,polished,clean,pure.-- (a) <i>maṭṭa:</i> D.II,133 (yugaṃ maṭṭaṃ dhāraṇīyaṃ:“pair of robes of burnished cloth of gold and ready for wear” trsl.); Vism.258 (v.l.maṭṭha).Cp.sam.° -- (b) <i>maṭṭha:</i> Vv 84<sup>17</sup> (su°); Miln.248; DhA.I,25 (°kuṇḍalī having burnished earrings); VvA.6 (°vattha).Cp.vi°.<br><br> <i>--sāṭaka</i> a tunic of fine cloth J.I,304; II,274; III,498; Vism.284 (ṭṭh).(Page 516),5,1
  6778. 273482,en,15,matta,matta,Matta,Matta,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of madati] intoxicated (with),full of joy about (-°),proud of,conceited Sn.889 (mānena m.); J.IV,4 (vedanā°,full of pain,perhaps better with v.l.°patta for °matta); VvA.158 (hatthi matto elephant in rut); DhA.IV,24 (id.); PvA.47 (surā°),86 (māna-mada°),280 (bhoga-mada°).<br><br> <i>--kāsinī</i> see matthak’āsinī.(Page 517),5,1
  6779. 273483,en,15,matta,matta,Matta,Matta,<sup>1</sup> (-°) (adj.) [i.e.mattā used as adj.] “by measure,” measured,as far as the measure goes,i.e.-- (1) consisting of,measuring (with numerals or similar expressions):appamatto kali Sn.659; pañcamattā sata 500 DA.I,35; saṭṭhimatte saṭṭhimatte katvā SnA 510; māsamattaṃ PvA.55; ekādasa° ib.20; dvādasa° 42; satta° 47; tiṃsamattehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ 53.-- (2) (negative) as much as,i.e.only,a mere,even as little as,the mere fact (of),not even (one),not any:aṇumattena pi puññena Sn.431; kaṭacchumattaṃ (not) even a spoonful Miln.8; ekapaṇṇa° PvA.115; citta °ṃ pi (not) even as much as one thought ib.3; nāma° a mere name Miln.25; phandana °ṃ not even one throb J.VI,7; phandita° the mere fact of ...M.II,24,bindu° only one drop PvA.100; rodita° M.II,24.-- (3) (positive) as much as,so much,some,enough (of); vibhava° riches enough J.V,40; kā pi assāsa-mattā laddhā found some relief? PvA.104 (may be=mattā f.).-- (4) like,just as what is called,one may say (often untranslateable):sita°-kāraṇā just because he smiled VvA.68; bhesajja-mattā pītā I have taken medicine D.I,205 (=mattā f.?) okāsa --°ṃ (nt.) permission Sn.p,94; putta° like children A.II,124; maraṇa° (almost) dead M.I,86; attano nattumatte vandanto Dha IV.178.f.mattī (=mattin?) see mātu°.-- (5) as adv.(usually in oblique cases):even at,as soon as,because of,often with other particles,like api,eva,pi,yeva:vuttamatte eva as soon as said DhA.I,330; cintitamatte at the mere thought DhA.I,326; naṃ jātamattaṃ yeva as soon as he was born PvA.195; anumodana-mattena because of being pleased PvA.121; upanītamattam eva as soon as it was bought PvA.192; nimujjana-matte yeva as soon as she ducked her head under PvA.47.--na mattena ...eva not only ...but even PvA.18 (n.m.nipphalā,attano dānaphalassa bhāgino eva honti).(Page 517),5,1
  6780. 273496,en,15,matta,mattā,Mattā,Mattā,(f.) [Vedic mātrā,of <em>mā</em>] measure,quantity,right measure,moderation Sn.971 (mattaṃ so jaññā); Dh.I,35 (mattā ti pamāṇaṃ vuccati).-- Abl.<i>mattaso</i> in <i>°kārin</i> doing in moderation,doing moderately Pug.37 (=pamānena padesa-mattam eva karontī ti).-- In cpds.shortened to <i>matta°</i>.<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhiya</i> (mattaṭṭhiya=°atthika) desirous of moderation,moderate Th.1,922.<i>--ññu</i> knowing the right measure,moderate,temperate (bhojane or bhojanamhi in eating) A.II,40; Sn.338; Pug.25; Dh.8.Cp.jāgariyā.<i>--ññutā</i> moderation (in eating) D.III,213; Nd<sup>1</sup> 483; Dh.185; Pug.25; Vbh.249,360; Dhs.1348; DhA.II,238.<i>--sukha</i> (metri causâ:mattā-sukha) measured happiness,i.e.small happiness Dh.290 (cp.DhA.III,449).(Page 517),5,1
  6781. 273537,en,15,mattaka,mattaka,Mattaka,Mattaka,(adj.) [fr.matta<sup>1</sup>] 1.of the size of Sdhp.238 (pāṇi°).-- 2.only as much as,mere D.I,12 (appa°,ora°,sīla°); J.IV,228 (mana°); DhA.IV,178 (pitumattakaṃ gahetvā).(Page 517),7,1
  6782. 273639,en,15,mattatta,mattatta,Mattatta,Mattatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.matta] (the fact of) consisting of,or being only ...PvA.199 (maṃsa-pesi°).(Page 517),8,1
  6783. 273667,en,15,matteyya,matteyya,Matteyya,Matteyya,( &#38; metteyya) (adj.) [fr.mātā,*mātreyya› *matteyya] reverential towards one’s mother,motherloving D.III,74; Pv.II,7<sup>18</sup> (=mātu hita PvA.104; v.l.mett°).Spelling at D.III,72 is metteyya.It is difficult to decide about correct spelling,as metteyya is no doubt influenced by the foll.<i>petteyya</i>,with which it is always combined.(Page 518),8,1
  6784. 273673,en,15,matteyyata,matteyyatā,Matteyyatā,Matteyyatā,( &#38; mett°) (f.) [abstr.fr.matteyya] filial love towards one’s mother; always comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>petteyyatā</i> D.III,145 (v.l.mett°); Nd<sup>2</sup> 294 (mett°),Dh.332; DhA.IV,33.(Page 518),10,1
  6785. 273683,en,15,mattha,mattha,Mattha,Mattha,[cp.Vedic masta(ka) skull,head,Vedic mastiṣka brains; perhaps to Lat.mentum chin,Cymr.mant jawbone; indirectly also to Lat.mons mountain] the head,etc.Only in cpd.<i>mattha-luṅga</i> [cp.Sk.mastulunga] the brain Vin.I,274; Sn.199; Kh III,; J.I,493; KhA 60; Vism.260 (in detail) 264,359; VbhA.63,243,249; DhA.II,68; PvA.78,80.-- See also <i>matthaka</i>.(Page 518),6,1
  6786. 273708,en,15,matthaka,matthaka,Matthaka,Matthaka,[cp.mattha] the head,fig.top,summit J.III,206 =IV.4; IV,173,457; V,478; DA.I,226 (pabbata°); Pv IV.16<sup>3</sup>; DhA.I,184.<i>matthaka-matthakena</i> (from end to end) J I,202; III,304.Loc.<i>matthake</i> as adv.(1) at the head DhA.I,109; (2) at the distance of (-°) DhA.I,367; (3) on top of (-°) J.V,163 (vammīka°); Mhvs 23,80 (sīsa°); Yugandhara° Miln.6; DhA.II,3 (uddhana°).<br><br> <i>--āsin</i> sitting on top (of the mountain) J.VI,497 (=pabbata-matthake nisinna C.; gloss matta-kāsin i.e.wildly in love,expl<sup>d</sup> by kāma-mada-matta).The reading is not clear.<i>--tela</i> oil for the head KhA 64 (=muddhani tela Vism.262).(Page 518),8,1
  6787. 273852,en,15,matti,matti,Matti,Matti,(-sambhava) [for *māti°=mātu°=*mātṛ,after pitti°=pitu°=*pitṛ] born (from a mother) Sn.620 (=mātari sambhūta SnA 466)=Dh.396 (=mātu santike udarasmiṃ sambhūta DhA.IV,158).(Page 517),5,1
  6788. 273863,en,15,mattika,mattika,Mattika,Mattika,(adj.) (°-) [fr.mattikā] made of clay,clay-; only in cpds.:<br><br> <i>--kuṇḍala</i> clay earring S.I,79 (v.l.mattikā°).<i>--bhājana</i> clay or earthenware vessel Sn.577; Vism.231 (in comparison); DhA.I,130.<i>--vāka</i> clay fibre DhsA.321 (v.l.°takka,perhaps gloss=takku spindle,see takka<sup>1</sup>).(Page 517),7,1
  6789. 273872,en,15,mattika,mattikā,Mattikā,Mattikā,(f.) [cp.Vedic mṛttikā,der.fr.Vedic <i>mṛt</i> (mṛd) soil,earth,clay; with P.maṇḍa,Sk,vimradati.Gr.bladarόs soft,Osil.mylsna dust,Goth.mulda,Ags.molde (E.mould,mole=mouldwarp),to same root <em>mṛd</em> as in Sk.mṛdu=Lat.mollis soft,Gr.a]maldu/nw to weaken,Sk.mardati &#38; mṛdnāti to crush,powder,Caus.mardayati; also in cognate <i>°mḷd</i> as appearing in Gr.mέldw to melt=Ags meltan,Ohg.smëlzan] 1.clay J.VI,372; Mhvs 29,5 sq.--<i>tamba°</i> red clay DhA.IV,106; PvA.191.<i>mattikā</i> pl.kinds of clay (used in cosmetics,like Fuller’s earth) J.V,89 (nānā-cunṇāni+ mattikā; see also cuṇṇa).-- 2.loam,mud M.III,94 (alla° fresh loam or mud); Vism.123 (aruṇa-vaṇṇā); KhA 59 (paṇḍu); VvA.65; PvA.216 (aruṇa-vaṇṇā).<br><br> <i>--thāla</i> bowl of clay DhA.IV,67.<i>--piṇḍa</i> a lump of clay or loam DA.I,289; same trope at PvA.175.(Page 517),7,1
  6790. 274019,en,15,matu°,mātu°,Mātu°,Mātu°,see <i>mātā</i>.(Page 528),5,1
  6791. 274043,en,15,matuccha,mātucchā,Mātucchā,Mātucchā,(f.) [Sk.mātṛ-ṣvasā] mother’s sister,maternal aunt Vin.II,254,256; J.IV,390; Miln.240.<i>-- putta</i> aunt’s son,male first cousin (from mother’s sister’s side) S.II,281; Ud.24; DhA.I,119.Cp.mātula-dhītā.(Page 528),8,1
  6792. 274188,en,15,matuka,mātuka,Mātuka,Mātuka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.māṭṛka,fr.mātṛ=mātar] “genetrix,” matrix,origin,cause Th.1,612.(Page 528),6,1
  6793. 274233,en,15,matula,mātula,Mātula,Mātula,[cp.Epic Sk.mātula &#38; semantically Lat.matruus,i.e.one who belongs to the mother] a mother’s brother,an uncle J.I,225; DhA.I,15; PvA.58,60.<br><br> <i>--dhītā</i> (the complement of mātucchā-putta) uncle’s daughter,female first cousin (from mother’s brother’s side) J.II,119; DhA.III,290; PvA.55.(Page 528),6,1
  6794. 274254,en,15,matulaka,mātulaka,Mātulaka,Mātulaka,=mātula DhA.I,182.(Page 528),8,1
  6795. 274270,en,15,matulani,mātulānī,Mātulānī,Mātulānī,(f.) [Sk.mātulānī,semantically cp.Lat.mater tera] a mother’s brother’s wife,an aunt J.I,387; IV,184; PvA.55,58.(Page 528),8,1
  6796. 274293,en,15,matulunga,mātuluṅga,Mātuluṅga,Mātuluṅga,(nt.) [cp.Class.Sk.mātulunga; dialectical?] a citron J.III,319 (=mella; v.l.bella).(Page 528),9,1
  6797. 274478,en,15,maya,maya,Maya,Maya,(adj.) (--° only) [Vedic maya] made of,consisting of.-- An interesting analysis (interesting for judging the views and sense of etymology of an ancient commentator) of maya is given by Dhammapāla at VvA.10,where he distinguishes 6 meanings of the word,viz.1.asma-d-atthe,i.e.“myself” (as representing mayaṃ!).-- 2.paññatti “regulation” (same as 1.according to example given,but constructed syntectically quite diff.by Dhp.).-- 3.nibbatti “origin” (arising from,with example mano-maya “produced by mind”).-- 4.manomaya “spiritually” (same as 3).-- 5.vikār’atthe “alteration” (? more like product,consistency,substance),with example “sabbe-maṭṭikāmaya-kuṭikā.” -- 6.pada-pūraṇa matte to make up a foot of the verse (or add a syllable for the sake of completeness,with example “dānamaya,sīlamaya” (=dana; sīla).-- 1.made of:aṭṭhi° of bone Vin.II,115; ayo° of iron Sn.669; Pv.I,10<sup>4</sup>; J.IV,492; udum- <i>bara°</i> of Ud.wood Mhvs 23,87; <i>dāru°</i> of wood,VvA.8; <i>loha°</i> of copper Sn.670; veḷuriya° of jewels Vv 2<sup>1</sup>.-- 2.consisting in:<i>dāna°</i> giving alms PvA.8,9; <i>dussa°</i> clothes Vv 46<sup>7</sup>; <i>dhamma°</i> righteousness S.I,137.-- 3.(more as apposition,in the sense as given by Dhp.above under 6) something like,a likeness of,i.e.ingredient,substance,stuff; in <i>āhāra°</i> food-stuff,food J.III,523; <i>utu°</i> something like a (change in) season Vism.395; <i>sīla°</i> character,having sīla as substance (or simply-consisting of) It.51 (dāna°,sīla°,bhāvanā°).(Page 523),4,1
  6798. 274497,en,15,maya,māyā,Māyā,Māyā,(f.) [cp.Vedic māyā.Suggestions as to etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.manticulor] 1.deceptive appearance,fraud,deceit,hypocrisy Sn.245,328 (°kata deceit),469,537,786,941 (:māyā vuccati vañcanikā cariyā Nd<sup>1</sup> 422); Vbh.357,361,389; Miln.289; Vism.106 (+sātheyya,māna,pāpicchatā etc.),479 (māyā viya viññāṇaṃ); VbhA.34 (in detail),85,493 (def.).Is not used in Pali Abhidhamma in a philosophical sense.‹-› 2.mystic formula,magic,trick M.I,381 (āvaṭṭanī m.).<i>khattiya°</i> the mystic formula of a kh.J.VI,375; Miln.190; DhA.I,166.In the sense of “illusion” often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>marīci</i>,e.g.at J.II,330; V,367; Nd<sup>2</sup> 680<SUP>A.II,</SUP>-- 3.jugglery,conjuring Miln.3.-- On māyā in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,122; on term in general Dhs.trsl.<sup>2</sup> 255 (“ilḷusion”); Expos.333,468<sup>n</sup>.-- As adj.in <i>amāya</i> (q.v.) &#38; in <i>bahu-māye</i> rich in deceit SnA 351.-- Note.In the word <i>maṃ</i> at KhA 123 (in pop.etym.of man-gala) the ed.of the text sees an Acc.of <i>mā</i> which he takes to be a contracted form of <i>māyā</i> (=iddhi).<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> a conjurer,magician S.III,142; Vism.366 (in comparison); VbhA.196.(Page 529),4,1
  6799. 274538,en,15,mayam,mayaṃ,Mayaṃ,Mayaṃ,[1<sup>st</sup> pl.of ahaṃ,for vayaṃ after mayā etc.See ahaṃ] we Vin.II,270; Sn.31,91,167; Dh.6; KhA 210.(Page 524),5,1
  6800. 274577,en,15,mayavin,māyāvin,Māyāvin,Māyāvin,(adj.) [fr.māyā,cp.Vedic māyāvin] deceitful,hypocritical D.III,45,246; Sn.89,116,357; Pug.19,23; PvA.13.See also <i>amāyāvin</i>.(Page 529),7,1
  6801. 274613,en,15,mayu,māyu,Māyu,Māyu,[*Sk.māyu] bile,gall Abhp 281.(Page 530),4,1
  6802. 274620,en,15,mayukha,mayūkha,Mayūkha,Mayūkha,[Vedic mayūkha in diff.meaning,viz.a peg for fastening a weft etc.,Zimmer Altind.Leben 254] a ray of light Abhp.64; Dhp.A 426 (old citation,unverified).(Page 524),7,1
  6803. 274632,en,15,mayura,mayūra,Mayūra,Mayūra,[Vedic mayūra] a peacock D.III,201; S.II,279; Th.1,1113; J.II,144,150 (°gīva)=DhA.I,144; J.IV,211 (°nacca); V,304; VI,172,272,483; Vv 11<sup>1</sup>,35<sup>8</sup> (=sikhaṇḍin VvA.163); VvA.27 (°gīva-vaṇṇa); Sdhp.92.‹-› The form <i>mayūra</i> occurs nearly always in the Gāthās and is the older form of the two m.and <i>mora</i>.The latter contracted form is found in Prose only and is often used to explain the old form,e,g.at VvA.57.See also <i>mora</i>.(Page 524),6,1
  6804. 274687,en,15,me,me,Me,Me,is enclitic form of ahaṃ in var.cases of the sg.See under ahaṃ.(Page 540),2,1
  6805. 274698,en,15,mecaka,mecaka,Mecaka,Mecaka,(adj.) [cp.Vedic mecaka] black,dark blue DhsA.13.(Page 540),6,1
  6806. 274715,en,15,meda,meda,Meda,Meda,[Vedic medas (nt.) fr.<em>mid</em>,see etym.under mada] fat S.I,124; Sn.196; J.III,484 (ajakaraṃ medaṃ=ajakara-medaṃ C.); Kh III,(expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.262 as “thīnasineha” thick or coagulated fluid or gelatine); Vism.361; VbhA.66,225,245,249.<br><br> <i>--kathālika</i> a cooking pot or saucepan for frying fat A.IV,377 (in simile with kāya); DhA.II,179 (similar); Vism.195 (in compar.).<i>--gaṇṭhi</i> (as medo-gaṇṭhi,Sk.influence!) an abscess of fat,fatty knot or tumour,mentioned as a disease at Miln.149.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> fatcoloured; in cpd.°pāsāna a stone of the (golden) colour of fat found in the Himālaya mountains Sn.447 (=medapiṇḍa-sadisa SnA 393); Mhvs 1,39; 30,57 sq.,96; 31,121; see Geiger’s note Mhvs (P.T.S.ed.) p.355,who puts it beyond doubt,that meda° is the correct reading for the v.l.megha° at all places.(Page 541),4,1
  6807. 274732,en,15,medaka,medaka,Medaka,Medaka,[meda+ka] in <i>go°</i> a precious stone of light-red (or golden) colour (cp.meda-vaṇṇa-pāsāṇa) VvA.111.(Page 541),6,1
  6808. 274774,en,15,medeti,medeti,Medeti,Medeti,[denom.fr.meda] to become fat M.I,238.(Page 541),6,1
  6809. 274781,en,15,medha,medha,Medha,Medha,[Vedic medha,in aśva,go°,puruṣa° etc.] sacrifice only in <i>assa°</i> horse-sacrifice &#38; <i>purisa°</i> human s.(q.v.).e.g.at A.IV,151; Sn.303.-- Cp.mejjha.(Page 541),5,1
  6810. 274791,en,15,medha,medhā,Medhā,Medhā,(f.) [Vedic medhā &#38; medhas,perhaps to Gr.maq° in manqάnw (“mathematics”)] wisdom,intelligence,sagacity Nd<sup>1</sup> s.v.(m.vuccati paññā); Pug.25; Dhs.16,DhsA.148; PvA.40 (=paññā).-- adj.<i>sumedha</i> wise,clever,intelligent Sn.177; opp.<i>dum°</i> stupid Pv.I,8<sup>2</sup>.--<i>khīṇa-medha</i> one whose intelligence has been impaired,stupefied J.VI,295 (=khīṇa-pañña).(Page 541),5,1
  6811. 274802,en,15,medhaga,medhaga,Medhaga,Medhaga,( &#38; °ka) [cp.Sk.methana abusive speech; Vedic methati fr.<i>mith</i> to scold] quarrel,strife Vin.II,88 (°ka); Th.2,344; Sn.893,894 (=kalaha,bhaṇḍana,viggaha,vivāda Nd<sup>1</sup> 302,303),935 (T.°ka; Nd<sup>1</sup> 402 &#38; 406 °ga.with v.l.SS °ka); Dh.6; J.III,334 (°ka; C.=kalaha),488 (°ga; C.°ka expl<sup>n</sup> kalaha); DhA.I,65.(Page 541),7,1
  6812. 274820,en,15,medhasa,medhasa,Medhasa,Medhasa,(adj.) [=Vedic medhas,as <i>a-</i>base] having wisdom or intelligence,wise,only in cpds.<i>bhūri°</i> of great wisdom Sn.1131; &#38; <i>su°</i> [Ved.sumedhas] very wise Vv 22<sup>2</sup> (=sundara-pañña VvA.111); Pv III,7<sup>7</sup> (both comb<sup>d</sup> as bhūri-su-medhasa,hardly correct; v.l.M.bhūrimedhasa PvA.205).(Page 541),7,1
  6813. 274831,en,15,medhavin,medhāvin,Medhāvin,Medhāvin,(adj.) [medhā+in=*medhāyin›medhāvin; already Vedic,cp.medhasa] intelligent,wise,often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>paṇḍita </i>&<i> bahussuta:</i> D.I,120; S.IV,375; A.IV,244; Vin.IV,10,13,141; Sn.323 (Acc.medhāvinaṃ +bahussutaṃ) 627,1008 (Ep.of Mogharājā),1125 (id.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 259 (s.v.jātimā,with var.other synonyms); Dh.36; J.VI,294; Miln.21; DhA.I,257; II,108; IV,169; VvA.131; PvA.41.(Page 541),8,1
  6814. 274837,en,15,medhavita,medhāvitā,Medhāvitā,Medhāvitā,(f.) [abstr.fr.medhāvin] cleverness,intelligence VvA.229.(Page 541),9,1
  6815. 274839,en,15,medhi,medhi,Medhi,Medhi,(f.) [Vedic methī pillar,post (to bind cattle to); BSk.medhi Divy 244; Prk.meḍhi Pischel Gr.§ 221.See for etym.Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.meta] pillar,part of a stūpa [not in the Canon?].(Page 541),5,1
  6816. 274841,en,15,medhin,medhin,Medhin,Medhin,(adj.-n.)=<i>medha</i> in adj.use; only in cpd.<i>dummedhin</i> (=dum-medha) foolish,ignorant Dh.26 (bālā dummedhino janā;=nippaññā DhA.I,257).(Page 541),6,1
  6817. 274852,en,15,medini,medinī,Medinī,Medinī,(f.) [of adj.medin,fr.meda fat,but cp.Vedic medin an associate or companion fr.<i>mid</i> in meaning to be friendly] the earth (also later Sk.) Mhvs 5,185; 15,47; Vism.125.(Page 541),6,1
  6818. 274866,en,15,megha,megha,Megha,Megha,[Vedic megha; not to mih,mehati (see mīḷha),but to Idg.*meigh-,fog,rain; cp.Sk.miḥ mist; Av.maēga cloud; Gr.o)mi/xlh fog,Lith.mighá fog,Dutch miggelen to drizzle,also Ags.mist=Oicel mistr “mist”] a cloud Pv.II,9<sup>45</sup>; Vism.126; esp.a thundercloud,storm,S.I,100 (thaneti),154; Th.I,307 (as kāḷa); It.66; J.I,332 (pajjunna vuccati megha); DhA.I,19; SnA 27 (°thanita-sadda).In this capacity often called mahā-megha,e.g.Sn.30; DhA.I,165; KhA 21; PvA.132.-- On megha in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,124,125.<br><br> --nātha having clouds as protectors (said with ref.to grass-eating animals) J.IV,253.--maṇḍala cloud-circle,a circle of clouds SnA 27.--vaṇṇa cloud-coloured J.V,321 (C.for megha-sannibha); °pāsāṇa a sort of ornamental building stone Mhvs 30,59 (v.l.,T.meda°; trsl.fat-coloured stones).See meda°.(Page 540),5,1
  6819. 275052,en,15,mejjati,mejjati,Mejjati,Mejjati,[cp.Vedic midyati,to mid,see meda Dhtp 160,413 &#38; Dhtm 641 give mid with meaning “snehane”] to be fat,to be full of fat; fig.to be in love with or attracted by,to feel affection (this meaning only as a “petitio principii” to explain mettā) DhsA.192 (v.l.mijjati; <i>=siniyhati)</i>.<i> </i> (Page 540),7,1
  6820. 275059,en,15,mejjha,mejjha,Mejjha,Mejjha,(adj.-nt.) [*medhya; fr.medha] 1.(adj.) [to medha<sup>1</sup>] fit for sacrifice,pure; neg.a° impure Sdhp.363.2.(nt.) [to medha<sup>2</sup> &#38; medhāvin] in dum° foolishness Pug.21=Dhs.390 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DhsA.254 by “yaṃ ...citta-santānaṃ mejjhaṃ bhaveyya suci-vodānaṃ taṃ duṭṭhaṃ mejjhaṃ iminā ti dummejjhaṃ”).(Page 540),6,1
  6821. 275076,en,15,mekhala,mekhalā,Mekhalā,Mekhalā,(f.) [cp.Vedic mekhalā] a girdle J.V,202,294 (su°,adj.); VI,456; ThA.35; KhA 109; DhA.I,39; PvA.46.(Page 540),7,1
  6822. 275087,en,15,mekhalika,mekhalikā,Mekhalikā,Mekhalikā,(f.) [fr.mekhalā] a girdle Vin.II,185 (ahi°,consisting of a snake).(Page 540),9,1
  6823. 275110,en,15,mella,mella,Mella,Mella,[dial.or uncertain reading?] citron (=mātulunga) J.III,319 (gloss bella).(Page 541),5,1
  6824. 275116,en,15,menda,meṇḍa,Meṇḍa,Meṇḍa,[dial.,cp.Prk.měṇṭha &#38; miṇṭha:Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 293.The Dhtm (156) gives a root <em>meṇḍ</em> (<em>meḍ</em>) in meaning of “koṭilla,” i.e.crookedness.The Ved.(Sk.) word for ram is meṣa] 1.a ram D.I,9; J.IV,250,353 (°visāṇa-dhanu,a bow consisting of a ram’s horn).--°patha Npl.“ram’s road” Nd<sup>1</sup> 155=415.--°yuddha ram fight D.I,6.-- 2.a groom,elephant-driver in cpd.hatthi° elephants’keeper J.III,431; V,287; VI,489.(Page 540),5,1
  6825. 275126,en,15,mendaka,meṇḍaka,Meṇḍaka,Meṇḍaka,(adj.) [fr.meṇḍa] 1.made of ram(s) horn,said of a (very strong) bow J.II,88 (°dhanu); V,128 (°singadhanu).-- 2.belonging to a ram,in meṇḍaka-pañha “question about the ram” Miln.90 alluding to the story of a ram in the Ummagga-jātaka (J.VI,353--55),which is told in form of a question,so difficult &#38; puzzling that nobody “from hell to heaven” (J.VI,354) can answer it except the Bodhisatta.Cp.Trenckner’s remark Miln.422.(Page 540),7,1
  6826. 275210,en,15,meraya,meraya,Meraya,Meraya,(nt.) [Epic Sk.maireya,cp.Halāyudha 2,175 (Aufrecht p.314); prob.dial.] a sort of intoxicating liquor,spirits,rum,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>surā</i>.D.I,146‹-› 166; M.I,238; Pug.55; Dh.247; J.IV,117 (pupphāsav-ādi,i.e.made fr.flowers,cp.def<sup>n</sup> dhātakī-puṣpaguḍa-dhāny-āmla-sanskṛtaṃ by Mādhava,Halāy.p.314).Five kinds are given by Dhpāla at VvA.73,viz.pupph-āsava,phal’āsava,madhv°,guḷ°,sambhārasaṃyutta.(Page 541),6,1
  6827. 275219,en,15,merita,merita,Merita,Merita,in bhayamerita J.IV,424=V.359 is to be read as bhaya-m-erita driven by fear; there is no need to change it with Kern,Toev.to perita.(Page 541),6,1
  6828. 275279,en,15,methuna,methuna,Methuna,Methuna,(adj.-nt.) [fr.Vedic mithuna pair,der.fr.mithu.Cp.micchā] 1.(adj.) relating to sexual intercourse,sexual,usually with <i>dhamma</i>,sex intercourse,in phrase °ṃ <i>dhammaṃ paṭisevati</i> to cohabit Vin.I,96; D.II,133; Sn.291,704; Nd<sup>1</sup> 139; Vism.418; SnA 536.-- (m.) an associate J.VI,294 (na rājā hoti methuno).-- 2.(nt.) sexual intercourse [Vedic maithuna] D.I,4; III,9,88 sq.,133; Sn.400,609,814,835=DhA.I,202; Nd<sup>1</sup> 139,145; Pug.67; Vism.51.(Page 541),7,1
  6829. 275350,en,15,methunaka,methunaka,Methunaka,Methunaka,[fr.methuna] 1.one concerned with (illicit) sexual intercourse,a fornicator Nd<sup>1</sup> 139 (in a wider sense).-- 2.an associate Vin.III,66.-- 3.(nt.) coitus J.II,360 (=methuna-dhamma C.).(Page 541),9,1
  6830. 275479,en,15,metta,metta,Metta,Metta,(adj.nt.) [cp.Vedic maitra “belonging to Mitra”; Epic Sk.maitra “friendly,” fr.mitra] friendly,benevolent,kind as adj.at D.III,191 (mettena kāya-kammena etc.),245 (°ṃ vacī-kammaṃ); as nt.for mettā in cpds.of mettā (cp.mettaṃsa) and by itself at D.I,227 (mettaṃ+cittaṃ),perhaps also at Sn.507.(Page 540),5,1
  6831. 275491,en,15,metta,mettā,Mettā,Mettā,(f.) [abstr.fr.mitra=mitta,cp.Vedic maitraṃ.According to Asl.192 (cp.Expos.258) derived fr.mid to love,to be fat:“mejjati mettā siniyhatī ti attho”] love,amity,sympathy,<i>friendliness</i>,<i> </i>active interest in others.There are var.def<sup>ns</sup> &#38; expl<sup>ns</sup> of mettā:the stereotype “metti mettāyanā mettāyitattaṃ mettā cetovimutti” Vbh.86=272; occurring as “metti mettāyanā mettāyitattaṃ anudā anudāyana anudāyitattaṃ hitesitā anukampā abyāpādo ...kusalamūlaṃ” at Nd<sup>1</sup> 488 &#38; Dhs.1056 (where T.mettaṃ for metti,but see Dhs.trsl.<sup>2</sup> 253).By Bdhgh at SnA 128 expl<sup>d</sup> in distinction fr.karuṇā (which is “ahita-dukkh-âpanayakāmatā”) as “hita-sukh-ûpanaya-kāmatā,” i.e.desire of bringing welfare &#38; good to one’s fellow-men.Cp.def<sup>n</sup> of mettā at Vism.317.-- Sn.73 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> p.232),967; D.III,247 sq.,279; Vism.111,321 sq.; SnA 54; PvA.66 (khanti,m.,anudaya); Sdhp.484,487.‹-› Phrases occurring frequently:mettā ceto-vimutti D.I,251; S.II,265; A.IV,150; It.20; Vbh.86 and passim.mettā-sahagatena cetasā with a heart full of love D.I,250; II,186; III,49 sq.,78,223 sq.; S.V,115; A.I,183; II,129; IV,390; V,299,344; expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at Vism.308.mettaṃ karoti (Loc.) to be friendly or sympathize with Mhvs 12,23.-- In cpds.usually mettā°,but shortened to metta° in metta-cittaṃ kindly thought,a heart full of love D.I,167; III,237; Sn.507; Pv.II,13<sup>17</sup>; J.VI,71; and metta-jhāna love-meditation,as expl<sup>n</sup> of m.--citta at SnA 417; PvA.167. <i>--aṃsa</i> (mettaṃsa) sympathetic,showing love towards It.22 (v.l.°āsa); J.IV,71 (=metta-koṭṭhāsa mettacitta C.).<i>--kammaṭṭhāna</i> the k.of sympathy DhA.IV,108.<i>--bhāvanā</i> cultivation or development of friendliness (towards all living beings) J.I,176; III,45; Miln.199; Vism.295.<i>--vihārin</i> abiding in kindliness Dh.368; DhA.IV,108; Nett 25; Vism.324; PvA.230.(Page 540),5,1
  6832. 275803,en,15,mettayana,mettāyanā,Mettāyanā,Mettāyanā,(f.) &#38; <i>Mettāyitatta</i> (nt.) [abstr.formations fr.mettā]:see def<sup>n</sup> of mettā.(Page 541),9,1
  6833. 275821,en,15,mettayati,mettāyati,Mettāyati,Mettāyati,[denom.fr.mettā] to feel friendly,to show love,to be benevolent A.IV,151; DhsA.194; VbhA.75.With Loc.to show friendship or be affectionate towards J.I,365; III,96; Dāvs III,34.(Page 541),9,1
  6834. 275870,en,15,metteyyatta,metteyyattā,Metteyyattā,Metteyyattā,(f.) is occasional spelling for <i>matteyyatā</i> (q.v.),in analogy to <i>petteyyatā;</i> e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> 294.(Page 541),11,1
  6835. 275876,en,15,metti,metti,Metti,Metti, &#38; Mettī (f.) [cp.Epic Sk.maitrī] love,friendship J.III,79; V,208; VbhA.75.See also def<sup>n</sup> of <i>mettā</i>.(Page 541),5,1
  6836. 275942,en,15,miccha,micchā,Micchā,Micchā,(adv.) [Sk.mithyā,cp.Vedic mithaḥ interchanging,separate,opposite,contrary (opp.sa’yak together:see samma); mithū wrongly; see also <i>mithu</i>] wrongly,in a wrong way,wrong-,false Sn.438 (laddho yaso),815 (paṭipajjati leads a wrong course of life,almost syn.with anariyaṃ.Illustrated by “pāṇaṃ hanati,adinnaṃ ādiyati,sandhiṃ chindati,nillopaṃ harati,ekāgārikaṃ karoti,paripanthe tiṭṭhati,paradāraṃ gacchati,musā bhaṇati” at Nd<sup>1</sup> 144); VbhA.513 (°ñāṇa,°vimutti).<i>--micchā°</i> often in same comb<sup>ns</sup> as <i>sammā°</i>,with which contrasted,e.g.with the 8 parts of (an-) ariya-magga,viz.<i>°diṭṭhi</i> (wrong) views (D.III,52,70 sq.,76,111,246,269,287,290,Dh.167,316 sq.; Pug.39; Vism.469 (def.) PvA.27,42,54,67; cp.°ka one who holds wrong views D.III,45,48,264; Vism.426); <i>°saṅkappa</i> aspiration (D.III,254,287,290 sq.,Dh.11); <i>°vācā</i> speech (ibid.); <i>°kammanta</i> conduct (ibid.); <i>°ājīva</i> living (D.III,176 sq.,254,290; A.II,53,240,270,IV.82); <i>°vāyāma</i> effort (D.III,254,287,290 sq.); <i>°sati</i> mindfulness (ibid.); <i>°samādhi</i> concentration (ibid.); see magga 2,and cp.the following:<br><br> <i>--gahaṇa</i> wrong conception,mistake J.III,304.<i>--cāra</i> wrong behaviour Pug.39 ( &#38; adj.cārin); VbhA.383 (var.degrees).<i>--paṭipadā</i> wrong path (of life) Pug.49 ( &#38; adj.:°paṭipanna,living wrongly).<i>--paṇihita</i> (citta) wrongly directed mind Dh.42=Ud.39 [cp.BSk.mithyāpraṇidhāna Divy 14].<i>--patha</i> wrong road,wrong course Vbh.145 (lit. &#38; fig.; in exegesis of diṭṭhi,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> taṇhā III,; Dhs.381; DhsA.253).(Page 532),6,1
  6837. 276419,en,15,micchatta,micchatta,Micchatta,Micchatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.micchā] item of wrong,wrongness.There are 8 items of wrong,viz.the 8 wrong qualities as enum<sup>d</sup> under (an-) ariya-magga (see micchā),forming the contrary to the <i>sammatta</i> or righteousness of the Ariyan Path.These 8 at D.II,353; III,254; A.II,221; IV,237; Vbh.387; Vism.683.Besides these there is a set of 10,consisting of the above 8 plus micchā-<i>ñāṇa</i> and <i>°vimutti</i> wrong knowledge &#38; wrong emancipation:D.III,290; Vbh.391; Vism.683 (where °ñāṇa &#38; <i>°viratti</i> for <i>vimutti</i>).-- See further D.III,217 (°niyata); Pug.22; Dhs.1028 (cp.Dhs.trsl.§1028); Vbh.145; Tikp.32 (°niyata-citta),325 (°tika),354 (id.).(Page 532),9,1
  6838. 276585,en,15,middha,middha,Middha,Middha,(nt.) [orig.pp.perhaps to Vedic <em>mid</em> (?) to be fat=<em>medh</em>,as DhsA.378 gives “medhatī ti middhaṃ.” -- More likely however connected with Sk.methi (pillar=Lat.meta),cp.Prk.medhi.The meaning is more to the point too,viz.“stiff.” Thus semantically identical with thīna.-- BSk.also middha,e.g.Divy 555] torpor,stupidity,sluggishness D.I,71 (thīna°); Sn.437; A.V,18; Dhs.1157; Miln.299,412 (appa° not slothful,i.e.diligent,alert); Vism.450 (°rūpa; +rogarūpa,jātirūpa,etc.,in def.of rūpa); DA.I,211 (expl<sup>d</sup> as cetasika gelañña:see on this passage Dhs.trsl.§1155); Sdhp.459.-- See <i>thīna</i>.(Page 533),6,1
  6839. 276632,en,15,middhin,middhin,Middhin,Middhin,(adj.) [fr.middha] torpid,drowsy,sluggish Dh.325 (=thīnamiddh’âbhibhūta DhA.IV,16).(Page 533),7,1
  6840. 276634,en,15,midha,midha,Midha,Midha,[does it refer to <em>mī</em><sup>2</sup> as in mināti<sup>2</sup>,or to <i>middha</i>?] is given as root in meaning “hiṃsana,” to hurt at Dhtm 536 (with var.v.v ll.),not sure.(Page 533),5,1
  6841. 276644,en,15,miga,miga,Miga,Miga,[Vedic mṛga,to <em>mṛj</em>,cp.magga,meaning,when characterised by another attribute “wild animal” in general,animal of the forest; when uncharacterised usually antelope] 1.a wild animal,an animal in its natural state (see cpds.).-- 2.a deer,antelope,gazelle.Various kinds are mentioned at J.V,416; two are given at Nd<sup>2</sup> 509,viz.<i>eṇi</i> (antelope) &#38; <i>sarabha</i> (red deer):see under eṇi &#38; sarabha.-- Sn.39,72; J.I,154; III,270 (called Nandiya); PvA.62,157.On miga in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,123,where more refs.are given.<br><br> <i>--âdhibhū</i> king of beasts (i.e.the lion) Sn.684.<i>--inda</i> king of beasts (id.) Sdhp.593.<i>--chāpaka</i> young of a deer VvA.279.<i>--dāya</i> deer park J.IV,430 (Maddakucchi); VvA.86 (Isipatana).<i>--dhenu</i> a hind J.I,152; DhA.III,148.<i>--bhūta</i> (having become) like a wild animal,M.I,450 (°bhūtena cetasā).<i>--mandalocana</i> the soft eye of the deer Vv 64<sup>11</sup>; Pv.I,11<sup>5</sup>.See under manda.<i>--rājā</i> king of the beasts (the lion) D.III,23 sq.<i>--luddaka</i> deer-hunter J.I,372; III,49,184; DhA.II,82; VbhA.266 (in simile).<i>--vadha</i> deer-slaying J.I,149.<i>--vittaka</i>,amateur of hunting J.IV,267.<i>--visāna</i> a deer’s horn Pug.56.<i>--vīthi</i> deer-road J.I,372.(Page 532),4,1
  6842. 276976,en,15,migava,migavā,Migavā,Migavā,(f.) [=Sk.mṛgayā,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 46<sup>1</sup>] hunt,hunting,deer-stalking PvA.154 (°padesa).Usually in <i>devasikaṃ migavaṃ gacchati</i> to go out for a day’s hunting J.IV,267; or as pp.<i>ekadivasaṃ migavaṃ gata</i> VvA.260; ekāhaṃ <i>m</i>.<i> g</i>.Mhvs 5,154.(Page 532),6,1
  6843. 277029,en,15,migi,migī,Migī,Migī,(f.) [f.of miga,cp.Epic Sk.mṛgī] a doe Th.1,109; J.V,215; VI,549; DhA.I,48.(Page 532),4,1
  6844. 277047,en,15,mihati,mihati,Mihati,Mihati,is given as root <em>mih</em> in 2 meanings at Dhtp,viz.(1) īsa-hasana (No.328),i.e.a kind of laugh,for smi,as in mihita.(2) secana (No.342).(Page 534),6,1
  6845. 277056,en,15,mihita,mihita,Mihita,Mihita,(nt.) [pp.of smi; this is the inverted-diæretic (Pāli) form (smita›*hmita›*mhita›mihita) for the other (Sk.) form smita (q.v.).The Dhtp (328) puts root down as <em>mih</em>] a smile J.III,419; V,452; VI,504.--mihita-pubba with smiles Th.1,460 (spelt mhita°); J.VI,221 (=sita C.).-- Cp.vimhaya,vimhāpaka,vimhita.(Page 534),6,1
  6846. 277090,en,15,milaca,milāca,Milāca,Milāca,[by-form to milakkha,viâ *milaccha›*milacca› milāca:Geiger,P.Gr.62<sup>2</sup>; Kern,Toev.s.v.] a wild man of the woods,non-Aryan,barbarian J.IV,291 (not with C.=janapadā),cp.luddā m.ibid.,and milāca-puttā J.V,165 (where C.also expl<sup>s</sup> by bhojaputta,i.e.son of a villager).(Page 533),6,1
  6847. 277101,en,15,milakkha,milakkha,Milakkha,Milakkha,[cp.Ved.Sk.mleccha barbarian,root <em>mlecch</em>,onomat.after the strange sounds of a foreign tongue,cp.babbhara &#38; mammana] a barbarian,foreigner,outcaste,hillman S.V,466; J.VI,207; DA.I,176; SnA 236 (°mahātissa-thera Np.),397 (°bhāsā foreign dialect).The word occurs also in form <i>milakkhu</i> (q.v.).(Page 533),8,1
  6848. 277127,en,15,milakkhu,milakkhu,Milakkhu,Milakkhu,[the Prk.form (A-Māgadhī,cp.Pischel,Prk.Gr.105,233) for P.milakkha] a non-Aryan D.III,264; Th.1,965 (°rajana “of foreign dye” trsl.; Kern,Toev.s.v.translates “vermiljoen kleurig”).As <i>milakkhuka</i> at Vin.III,28,where Bdhgh expl<sup>s</sup> by “Andha-Damil’ādi.” (Page 533),8,1
  6849. 277170,en,15,milata,milāta,Milāta,Milāta,[pp.of milāyati] faded,withered,dried up J.I,479; V,473; Vism.254 (°sappa-piṭṭhi,where KhA 49 in same passage reads “milāta-dham(m)ani-piṭṭhi”); DhA.I,335; IV,8 (sarīra),112; SnA 69 (°mālā,in simile); Mhvs 22,46 (a°); Sdhp.161.(Page 533),6,1
  6850. 277200,en,15,milatata,milātatā,Milātatā,Milātatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.milāta] only neg.<i>a°</i> the (fact of) not being withered J.V,156.(Page 533),8,1
  6851. 277240,en,15,milayati,milāyati,Milāyati,Milāyati,[Vedic <i>mlā</i>,to become soft; ldg.<i>*melā </i>&<i> *mlei</i>,as in Gr.blac,blakeu/w to languish; Lat.flaccus withered (=flaccid); Lith.blakà weak spot; also Gr.blhxrόs weak.-- Dhtp 440:“milā=gatta-vimāne” (i.e.from the bent limbs); Dhtm 679 id.] to relax,languish,fade,wither S.I,126; It.76; J.I,329; V,90.-- Caus.<i>milāpeti</i> [Sk.mlāpayati] to make dry,to cause to wither J.I,340 (sassaṃ); fig.to assuage,suppress,stifle J.III,414 (taṇhaṃ).-- pp.<i>milāta</i>.(Page 533),8,1
  6852. 277279,en,15,milha,mīḷha,Mīḷha,Mīḷha,[pp.of mih,Vedic mehati to excrete water,i.e.urine,only with ref.to the liquid; Sk.mīḍha=Lat.mictus,pp.of mingo,to urinate.Cp.Av.maē<i>ƶ</i>aiti to urinate,me<i>ƶ</i> urine; Gr.o)mixeίn &#38; o)/mixma id.; Ags.mīgan to ur.; in Ohg.mist &#38; Ags.miox the notion refers more to the solid excrement,as in Pāli.-- A related root *<em>meigh</em> to shed water is found in megha,cloud (watershedder),q.v.for further cognates] excrement M.I,454 =III,236 (°sukhaṃ vile pleasure); A.III,241,242; Th.1,1152; J.II,11; VI,112; Vv 52<sup>11</sup> (with ref.to the gūthaniraya); Pv III,4<sup>5</sup> (=gūtha PvA.194); DhA.II,53 (°ṃ khādituṃ).<br><br> --kūpa pit of excr.,cesspool Pgdp 22.(Page 534),5,1
  6853. 277283,en,15,milhaka,miḷhakā,Miḷhakā,Miḷhakā,at S.II,228 is to be read <i>mīḷhakā</i> (q.v.).(Page 533),7,1
  6854. 277286,en,15,milhaka,mīḷhakā,Mīḷhakā,Mīḷhakā,(f.) [fr.mīḷha; cp.BSk.mīḍha-ghaṭa] cesspool S.II,228 (so read for T.piḷhakā; v.l.BB miḷhakā).See also piḷhakā.The trsl.(K.S.II.155) gives “dungbeetle.” (Page 534),7,1
  6855. 277324,en,15,millika,millikā,Millikā,Millikā,at PvA.144 in passage paṃsukūlaṃ dhovitv-âbhisiñcimillikañ ca katvā adāsi is to be read either as “abhisiñci cimillikañ ca k.” or “abhisiñcitvā mudukañ ca k.” (Page 533),7,1
  6856. 277349,en,15,minana,minana,Minana,Minana,(nt.) [fr.<em>mi</em> to measure,fix,construct] measuring,surveying DA.I,79; DhsA.123.(Page 533),6,1
  6857. 277388,en,15,minati,mināti,Mināti,Mināti,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic mināti,<em>mī</em> (or mi),to diminish; cp.Gr.minu/w diminish; Lat.minor=E.minor; Goth.mins (little),compar,minniza,superl.minnists=Ger.mindest.-- The Dhtp 502 gives <i>mi</i> with “hiṃsā,” the Dhtm 725 with “hiṃsana.” It applies the same interpretation to a root <em>midh</em> (Dhtm 536),which is probably abstracted fr.Pass.mīyati] to diminish; also:to hurt,injure.Very rare,only in some prep.comb<sup>ns</sup>.-- See also <i>mīyati</i>.(Page 533),6,1
  6858. 277389,en,15,minati,mināti,Mināti,Mināti,<sup>1</sup> [roots (Vedic) <em>mā</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>mi</em>; pres.minūte &#38; minoti; Idg.<i>*me</i>,cp.Sk.mātra measure,māna; Av.mā-,mitiḥ measure; Gr.mάtion small measure,mh_tis counsel Lat.; metior,mensis,modus; Goth.mēla bushel; Ags.maed measure (cp.E.mete,meet= fitting); Lith.m&etilde;tas year.-- The Dhtm 726 gives <i>mi</i> in meaning “pamāṇa”] to measure VbhA.108 (see etym.of mitta); Pot.<i>mine</i> J.V,468 (=mineyya C.); fut.<i>minissati</i> Sdhp.585.ger.<i>minitvā</i> Vism.72; grd.<i>minitabba</i> J.V,90.-- Pass.<i>mīyati:</i> see anu°,-- pp.mita.-- Cp.anu°,abhi°,ni°,pa°,vi°.Caus.<i>māpeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 533),6,1
  6859. 277447,en,15,minja,miñja,Miñja,Miñja,(nt.) &#38; miñjā (f.) [Vedic majjan (fr.<i>majj</i>?); on form see Geiger.P.Gr.§ 9<sup>1</sup>, &#38; cp.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§§ 74,101] marrow,pith,kernel Vin.I,25 (in sequence chavi,camma,maṃsa,nahāru,aṭṭhi,miñjā); Vism.235 (id.); Kh III,(aṭṭhi°,f.cp.KhA 52,nt.); J.IV,402 (tāla° pith of the palm); Mhvs 28.28 (panasa°,f.,kernels of the seeds of the jak-fruit).<br><br> <i>--rāsi</i> heap of marrow Vism.260 (=matthalunga).(Page 532),5,1
  6860. 277455,en,15,minjaka,miñjaka,Miñjaka,Miñjaka,=miñja,only in <i>tela°</i> inner kernels of tila-seed,made into a cake PvA.51.See <i>doṇī<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 532),7,1
  6861. 277475,en,15,misati,misati,Misati,Misati,[<em>miṣ</em>,Vedic miṣati,root given as <em>misa</em> at Dhtm 479,with expl<sup>n</sup> “mīlane”] to wink (one’s eyes):see <i>ni°</i>.(Page 533),6,1
  6862. 277487,en,15,missa,missa,Missa,Missa,(adj.) [orig.pp.of <em>miś</em>,cp.Vedic miśra.Sk.miśrayati,mekṣayati; Gr.mi/gnumi &#38; miζgw; Lat.misceo,mixtus; Ags.miscian=mix; Ohg.miskan.-- Dhtp 631 “sammissa”] 1.mixed (with:--°); various Vin.I,33 (kesa°,jatā° etc.=a mixture of,various); Th.1,143; J.III,95,144 (udaka-paṇṇa° yāgu); Pv.I,9<sup>2</sup> (missā kiṭakā).nt.<i>missaṃ</i> as adv.“in a mixed way” Vism.552=VbhA.161 (+dvidhā).-- 2.accompanied by (-°),having company or a retinue,a title of honour in names,also as polite address [cp.Sk.miśra &#38; āraya miśra] J.V,153 (Voc.f.misse),154 (f.missā).-- 3.missa° is changed to <i>missī</i> in comp<sup>n</sup> with <em>kṛ</em> and <em>bhū</em> (like Sk.),thus in <i>missī-bhāva</i> (sexual) intercourse,lit.mixed state,union J.II,330; IV,471; V,86; VbhA.107; and <i>missī-bhūta</i> mixed,coupled,united J.V,86 (=hatthena hatthaṃ gahetvā kāya-missībhāvaṃ upagata C.).Cp.<i>sam</i>.<i>°</i><br><br> <i>--kesī</i> (f.) “mixed hair,” Ep.of a heavenly maiden or Apsaras Vv 60<sup>14</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.280 as “ratta-mālādīhi missita-kesavaṭṭī”).The m.<i>missa-kesa</i> occurs as a term for ascetics (with muṇḍa) at Vism.389.(Page 533),5,1
  6863. 277500,en,15,missaka,missaka,Missaka,Missaka,(adj.n.) [fr.missa] 1.mixed,combined J.II,8 (phalika° rajata-pabbata mountain of silver mixed with crystal); VbhA.16 (lokiya-lokuttara°); usually °-,like <i>°āhāra</i> mixed food DhA.II,101; <i>°uppāda</i> mixed portents,a main chapter of the art of prognosticating (cp.Bṛhat-Saṃhitā ch.86:miśrak’âdhyāya) Miln.178; <i>°bhatta</i>=°āhāra SnA 97; Mhbv 27.-- 2.(m.) an attendant,follower; f.<i>missikā</i> DhA.I,211 (Sāmāvati°).‹-› 3.(nt.) N.of a pleasure grove in heaven (lit.the grove of bodily union),one of the 3:Nandana,M.,Phārusaka J.VI,278; Vism.424.-- 4.(pl.missakā) a group of devas,mentioned at D.II,260 in list of popular gods (cp.missa 2 and missakesī).(Page 533),7,1
  6864. 277596,en,15,missakatta,missakatta,Missakatta,Missakatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.missaka] mixing,mixture,combination with (-°) Tikp 291.(Page 534),10,1
  6865. 277619,en,15,missana,missana,Missana,Missana,(nt.) [fr.misseti] mixing Dhtp 338.(Page 534),7,1
  6866. 277646,en,15,misseti,misseti,Misseti,Misseti,[Caus.of <em>miś</em>,Vedic miśrayati] 1.to mix Miln.126 (mayaṃ missayissāma); PvA.191 (palāse sālīhi saddhiṃ).-- 2.to bring together in cohabitation,to couple J.V,154 (C.:kilesana misseti).-- pp.<i>missita</i>.(Page 534),7,1
  6867. 277678,en,15,missita,missita,Missita,Missita,[pp.of misseti] mixed,intermingled Sn.243; J.V,460; PvA.198 (dhañña sāsapa-tela°); VvA.280 (see under missa-kesī).(Page 534),7,1
  6868. 277704,en,15,mita,mita,Mita,Mita,[Vedic mita,pp.of <em>mā</em>,mināti,to measure; also in meaning “moderate,measured,” cp.in same sense Gr.mέtrios] measured,in measure D.I,54 (doṇa° a doṇa measure full); Sn.300 (bhāgaso m.measured in harmonious proportions,i.e.stately); Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup> (id.); J.III,541.--<i>amita</i> unlimited,without measure,boundless,in Ep.amit-ābha of boundless lustre Sdhp.255.Also N.of a Buddha.<br><br> <i>--āhāra</i> measured,i.e.limited food Sn.707.<i>--bhāṇin</i> speaking measuredly,i.e.in moderation Dh.227; J.IV,252.(Page 532),4,1
  6869. 277792,en,15,mithu,mithu,Mithu,Mithu,(adv.) [cp.Vedic mithū &#38; P.micchā; <i>mith</i>,cp.mithaḥ alternately,Av.miqō wrongly; Goth.misso one another,missa-leiks different; Ger.E.prefix mis- i.e.wrongly:Ger.missetat wrong doing=misdeed; Lat.mūto to change,mutuus reciprocal; Goth.maipms present=Ags.mapum; <i>mith</i> in Vedic Sk.is “to be opposed to each other,” whereas in Vedic mithuna the notion of “pair” prevails.See also methuna] opposite,reciprocally,contrary Sn.825,882 (taken by Nd<sup>1</sup> 163 &#38; 290,on both passages identically,as n.pl.of adj.instead of adv., &#38; expl<sup>d</sup> by “dve janā dve kalaha-kāraka” etc.).<br><br> <i>--bheda</i> [evidently in meaning of mitta-bheda “break of friendship,” although mithu means “adversary,” thus perhaps “breaking,so as to cause opposition”] breaking of alliance,enmity D.II,76; J.IV,184 (here with v.l.mitta°); Kvu 314.(Page 532),5,1
  6870. 277821,en,15,mitta,mitta,Mitta,Mitta,(m.nt.) [cp.Vedic mitra,m. &#38; nt.,friend; Av.mipro,friend] friend.Usually m.,although nt.occurs in meaning “friend,” in sg.(Nett 164) &#38; pl.(Sn.185,187); in meaning “friendship” at J.VI,375 (=mittabhāva C.).The half-scientific,half-popular etym.of mitta,as given at VbhA.108,is “mettāyantī ti mittā,minantī ti vā m.; sabba-guyhesu anto pakkhipantī ti attho” (the latter:“they enclose in all that is hidden”).-- Two kinds of friends are distinguished at Nd<sup>2</sup> 510 (in exegesis of Sn.37 &#38; 75),viz.<i>āgārika°</i> (a house- or lay-friend) and <i>anāgārika°</i> (a homeless- or clericalfriend).The former is possessed of all ordinary qualities of kindness and love,the latter of special virtues of mind &#38; heart.-- A friend who acts as a sort of Mentor,or spiritual adviser,is called a <i>kalyāṇa-mitta</i> (see under kalyāṇa).-- Mitta is often comb<sup>d</sup> with similar terms,devoting relationship or friendship,e.g.with <i>amaccā</i> colleagues and <i>ñāti-sālohita°</i> blood-relations,in ster.phrase at Vin.II,126; A.I,222; Sn.p.104; PvA.28; cp.<i>ñāti-mittā</i> relatives &#38; friends Pv.I,5<sup>9</sup>; <i>suhada</i> (“dear heart”) D.III,187 (four types,cp.m.paṭirūpaka); <i>suhajja</i> one who is dear to one’s heart PvA.191; <i>sahāya</i> companion PvA.86.The neut.form occurs for kind things D.III,188; S.I,37.-- Opp.<i>sapatta</i> enemy PvA.13; <i>amitta</i> a sham friend or enemy Sn.561 (=paccatthika SnA 455); D.III,185.<i>pāpa-mitta</i> bad friend PvA.5.-- For refs.see e.g.Sn.58,255,296,338; Dh.78,375.<br><br> <i>--âbhirādhin</i> one who pleases his friends J.IV,274 (=mittesu adubbhamāno C.) <i>--ddu</i> [cp.Sk.mitra-druha] one who injures or betrays his friends S.I,225; Sn.244; J.IV,260; also in foll.forms:<i>°dubbha</i> Pv.II,9<sup>3</sup> (same passage at J.IV,352; V,240; VI,310,375); <i>°dūbha</i> J.IV,352; VI,310; <i>°dūbhin</i> [cp.Sk.°drohin] J.IV,257; V,97 (°kamma); VI,375; DhA.II,23.<i>--paṭirūpaka</i> a false friend,one pretending to be a friend D.III,185 (four types:añña-d-atthu-hara,vacī-parama,anuppiyabhāṇin,apāya-sahāya,i.e.one who takes anything,one who is a great talker,one who flatters,one who is a spendthrift companion.) <i>--bandhava</i> a relation in friendship,one who is one’s relative as a friend Nd<sup>2</sup> 455 (where Nd<sup>1</sup> 11 has manta-bandhava).<i>--bheda</i> see mithu-bheda <i>--vaṇṇa</i> pretence of friendship,a sham friendship Pv IV.8<sup>6</sup> (=mitta-rūpa,m.-paṭirūpatā PvA.268).(Page 532),5,1
  6871. 278025,en,15,mittata,mittatā,Mittatā,Mittatā,(f.) --(°) [abstr.fr.mitta] state of being a friend,friendship,in <i>kalyāṇa°</i> being a good friend,friendship as a helper (see kalyāṇa) D.III,274; Vism.107.(Page 532),7,1
  6872. 278052,en,15,mitti,mitti,Mitti,Mitti,(f.) [a by-form of metti] friendship J.I,468 (=metti C.).(Page 532),5,1
  6873. 278095,en,15,miyati,mīyati,Mīyati,Mīyati,see miyyati (Pass.of marati). Mīlati [mīl,given at Dhtp 267 &#38; 614 with “nimīlane”] to wink,only in cpd.nimīlati to close the eyes (opp.um°).(Page 534),6,1
  6874. 278126,en,15,miyyati,miyyati,Miyyati,Miyyati,( &#38; Mīyati) [corresponding to Vedic mriyate,fr.<em>mṛ</em>,viâ *mīryate›miyyati.See marati] to die.-- (a) <i>miyyati:</i> Sn.804; Nett 23.med.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>miyyare</i> Sn.575; pot.<i>miyye</i> J.VI,498; ppr.<i>miyyamāna</i> M.III,246; Vism.49; fut.<i>miyyissati</i> M.III,246.-- (b) <i>mīyati</i> (influenced in form by jīyati &#38; mīyati of mināti<sup>2</sup>):M.III,168 (jāyati jīyati mīyati); J.III,189; Dh.21; pot.<i>mīyetha</i> D.II,63.ppr.<i>mīyamāna</i> S.I,96.-- pp.<i>mata</i>.(Page 533),7,1
  6875. 278143,en,15,moca,moca,Moca,Moca,<sup>2</sup> [root-noun of <em>moc</em>,Caus.of <em>muc</em>] delivery,setting free Dhtm 631,751,where Dhtp in same context reads <i>mocana</i>.(Page 542),4,1
  6876. 278144,en,15,moca,moca,Moca,Moca,<sup>1</sup> [cp.*Sk.moca &#38; mocā] the plantain or banana tree’Musa,sapientum Vin.I,246 (°pāna drink made fr.M.s.; one of the 8 permitted drinks); J.IV,181; V,405,465.(Page 542),4,1
  6877. 278158,en,15,mocana,mocana,Mocana,Mocana,(nt.) [fr.moceti] 1.setting free,delivering DhA.III,199 (parissayā°); Dhtp 376,539; Dhtm 609.Cp.moca<sup>2</sup>.-- 2.letting loose,discharging,in <i>assu°</i> shedding tears PvA.18.Cp.vi°.(Page 542),6,1
  6878. 278216,en,15,mocapana,mocāpana,Mocāpana,Mocāpana,(nt.) [fr.Caus.II.mocāpeti] causing one’s freedom,deliverance J.VI,134.(Page 542),8,1
  6879. 278239,en,15,mocaya,mocaya,Mocaya,Mocaya,(adj.) [quâsi grd.formation fr.moceti] to be freed,able to escape,in <i>dum°</i> difficult to obtain freedom J.VI,234.(Page 542),6,1
  6880. 278300,en,15,mocetar,mocetar,Mocetar,Mocetar,[M.ag.fr.moceti] one who sets free,a deliverer Nd<sup>1</sup> 32.(Page 542),7,1
  6881. 278308,en,15,moceti,moceti,Moceti,Moceti,[Caus.of muñcati] 1.to deliver,set free,release,cause one’s release or deliverance from (Abl.).imper.praes.<i>mocehi</i> Pv.II,1<sup>6</sup> (duggatiyā); PvA.12; aor.<i>mocesi</i> PvA.112 (dāsavyato); ger.<i>mocetvā</i> PvA.8,77; inf.mocetuṃ PvA.45 (petalokato).-- 2.to discharge,emit (semen in coitu) Vin.III,36,39 (as Caus II.),110.-- 3.to let loose,set into motion,stir:<i>padaṃ</i> m.to run J.III,33.-- 4.to discharge,fulfil:<i>paṭiññaṃ</i> one’s promise DhA.I,93.-- 5.to unharness DhA.I,67.-- 6.to detach S.I,44.-- Caus.II.<i>mocāpeti</i> to cause to be freed,to give freedom,to let loose Vin.IV,316 (opp.bandhāpeti).(Page 542),6,1
  6882. 278359,en,15,modaka,modaka,Modaka,Modaka,[cp.Epic.Sk.modaka in meaning 1] 1.a sort of sweetmeat S.I,148; A.I,130; III,76; Pug.32; PvA.4.‹-› 2.receptacle for a letter,an envelope,wrapper or such like J.VI,385 (paṇṇaṃ °assa anto pakkhipitvā).May,however,be same ạs 1.(Page 542),6,1
  6883. 278377,en,15,modana,modana,Modana,Modana,(nt.) [fr.<em>mud</em>] satisfaction,rejoicing Sdhp.229.Cp.<i>sam°</i>.(Page 542),6,1
  6884. 278382,en,15,modana,modanā,Modanā,Modanā,(f.) [fr.<em>mud</em>] blending (?); Cy.expl<sup>n</sup> at DhsA.143 of term <i>āmodanā</i>.(Page 542),6,1
  6885. 278402,en,15,modara,modara,Modara,Modara:In modara at J.V,54 (of elephant’s teeth) Kern,Toev.s.v.sees a miswriting for <i>medura</i> (full of,beset with),which however does not occur in Pali.The C.expl<sup>n</sup> is “samantato obhāsento,” i.e.shining.(Page 542),6,1
  6886. 278419,en,15,modati,modati,Modati,Modati,[<em>mud</em>,cp.Vedic moda joy Dhtp 146:tose] to rejoice,to enjoy oneself,to be happy A.III,40; Sn.561; Pv.I,5<sup>4</sup>; II,1<sup>21</sup>.-- pp.<i>mudita</i> (q.v.).For <i>mohayamāna</i> at DhA.I,275 the better reading is <i>modayamāna</i> rejoicing,a ppr.med.(Page 542),6,1
  6887. 278511,en,15,mogha,mogha,Mogha,Mogha,(adj.) [the Vedic mogha for the later Sk.moha,which is the P.noun moha; fr.<i>muh</i>.BSk.mohapuruṣa e.g.at AvŚ II.177; MVastu III,440] empty,vain,useless,stupid,foolish D.I,187 (opp.to sacca),199; Sn.354; Dh.260 (°jiṇṇa grown old in vain; C.expl<sup>s</sup> as tuccha-jiṇṇa DhA.III,388); DhA.I,110 (patthanā a futile wish); PvA.194.-- Opp.<i>amogha</i> S.I,232; J.VI,26; DhA.II,34 (°ṃ tassa jīvitaṃ:not in vain).<br><br> <i>--purisa</i> a stupid or dense fellow Vin.IV,126,144.(Page 542),5,1
  6888. 278578,en,15,moha,moha,Moha,Moha,[fr.<em>muh</em>,see muyhati; cp.Sk.moha &#38; Vedic mogha] stupidity,dullness of mind &#38; soul,delusion,bewilderment,infatuation D.III,146,175,182,214,270; Vin.IV,144,145; Sn.56,74,160,638,847; Vbh.208,341,391,402; Pug.16; Tikp 108,122,259.-- Def<sup>d</sup> as “dukkhe aññāṇaṃ etc.,moha pamoha,sammoha,avijj’ogha etc.,” by Nd<sup>2</sup> 99 &#38; Vbh.362; as “muyhanti tena,sayaṃ vā muyhati,muyhana-mattaṃ eva vā tan ti moho” and “cittassa andha-bhāva-lakkhaṇo,aññāṇalakkhaṇo vā” at Vism.468.-- Often coupled with <i>rāga </i>&<i> dosa</i> as one of the 3 cardinal affects of citta,making a man unable to grasp the higher truths and to enter the Path:see under rāga ( &#38; Nd<sup>2</sup> p.237,s.v.rāga where the wide range of application of this set is to be seen).Cp.the 3 fires:rāg-aggi,dos-aggi,moh-aggi It.92; D.III,217 also rāga-kkhaya,dosa°,moha° VbhA.31 sq.-- On comb<sup>n</sup> with rāga,<i>lobha</i> &#38; dosa see dosa<sup>2</sup> and lobha.-- On term see also Dhs.trsl.§§ 33,362,441; Cpd 16,18,41,113,146.-- See further D.I,80 (samoha-cittaṃ); Nd<sup>1</sup> 15,16 (with lobha &#38; dosa); VvA.14; PvA.3.--<i>amoha</i> absence of bewilderment Vbh.210 (+alobha,adosa; as the 3 kusala-mūlāni:cp.mūla 3),402 (id.,as kusala-hetu).-- Cp.pa°,sam°.<br><br> <i>--antara</i> (personal) quality of bewilderment (lit.having m.inside) Sn.478 (taken by C.as “cause of m.,” i.e.°kāraṇa,°paccaya SnA 411; cp.antara= kāraṇa under antara I 2 b.).<i>--ussada</i> quality of dullness Nd<sup>1</sup> 72,413.<i>--kkhaya</i> destruction of infatuation Vbh.73; VbhA.51.<i>--carita</i> one whose habit is infatuation Nett 90 (+rāgacarita &#38; dosacarita).<i>--tama</i> the darkness of bewilderment MA 1.<i>--dhamma</i> anything that is bewildering or infatuating Sn.276.<i>--pāruta</i> covered or obstructed by delusion Pv IV.3<sup>34</sup>.<i>--magga</i> being on the road of infatuation Sn.347.<i>--salla</i> the sting of bewilderment Nd<sup>1</sup> 59.(Page 543),4,1
  6889. 278713,en,15,mohana,mohana,Mohana,Mohana,(nt.) [fr.<i>muh</i> as Caus.form<sup>n</sup>] making dull or stupid,infatuation,enticement,allurement Sn.399,772 (=mohanā vuccanti pañca kāmaguṇā Nd<sup>1</sup> 26).The Sk.meaning is also “sexual intercourse” (cp.Halāyudha p.315),which may apply to the Sn.passages SnA 517 (on Sn.772) expl<sup>s</sup> “mohanaṃ vuccati kāmaguṇā,ettha hi deva-manussā muyhanti.” (Page 543),6,1
  6890. 278720,en,15,mohanaka,mohanaka,Mohanaka,Mohanaka,(adj.) [fr.mohana] leading astray,bewildering,leading into error Vin.IV,144.(Page 543),8,1
  6891. 278748,en,15,mohaneyya,mohaneyya,Mohaneyya,Mohaneyya, &#38; Mohanīya (adj.) [grd.form<sup>n</sup> fr.moha] leading to infatuation A.II,120; III,110; J.III,499.(Page 543),9,1
  6892. 278873,en,15,mohatta,mohatta,Mohatta,Mohatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.moha] infatuation,bewilderment A.II,120; III,376.(Page 543),7,1
  6893. 278921,en,15,moheti,moheti,Moheti,Moheti,[Caus.fr.<em>muh</em>,see muyhati &#38; cp.moha] to deceive,to befool,to take in,surprise,delude,aor.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>amohayi</i> Sn.352; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>amohayi</i> S.IV,158= It.58 (maccu-rājan; vv.ll.asamohayi &#38; asamohari); reading somewhat doubtful,cp.similar context Sn.1076 with “sabbesu dhammesu <i>samūhatesu</i>” (v.l.samoha°).-- 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.(poet.) also <i>amohayittha</i> Sn.332 (mā vo pamatte viññāya maccurājā amohayittha vasānuge,cp.Sn.ed.p.58).-- On mohayamāna DhA.I,275 see <i>modati</i>.(Page 543),6,1
  6894. 278967,en,15,mokkha,mokkha,Mokkha,Mokkha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.mukha 6; Vṛddhi form=*maukhya] the headmost,first,foremost,in series aggo seṭṭho m.uttamo A.II,95,where the customary tradition reads pāmokkha (see under mahā &#38; cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 502A).(Page 541),6,1
  6895. 278968,en,15,mokkha,mokkha,Mokkha,Mokkha,<sup>1</sup> [late Vedic &#38; Epic Sk.mokṣa,fr.muc,see muñcati.Dhtp 539 mokkha=mocana; Dhtm 751= moca] 1.(lit.) release,freedom from,in bandhanā m.D.I,73=M.I,276.-- 2.(fig.) release,deliverance,salvation Vbh.426 (jarā-maraṇa° from old age &#38; death); DhA.I,4 (°magga+sagga-magga,the way to heaven &#38; salvation),89,90 (°dhamma=salvation) Mhvs 5,61.-- 3.(lit.) (act.) letting loose,emission,uttering (of speech) J.I,375.-- 4.it may ( &#38; prob.ought to) be taken as adj.(=*mokṣya,grd.of Caus.of muc) at Sn.773 (añña°,either=1,as “deliverance for others,” or=4,as “to be delivered by others.” Bdhgh at SnA 516 gives both expl<sup>ns</sup>:aññe mocetuṃ (na) sakkonti,kāraṇa-vacanaṃ vā etaṃ:aññena mocetabbā (na) honti).(Page 541),6,1
  6896. 278977,en,15,mokkhacika,mokkhacika,Mokkhacika,Mokkhacika,(m.or °ā f.) [see on attempt at etym.Morris in J.P.T.S.1885,49 who takes mokkha as fr.muc “tumbling” &#38; cika=“turning” fr.cak=cik.The word remains obscure,it must be a dialectical expression,distorted by popular analogy &#38; taken perhaps from a designation of a place where these feats or toys had their origin.More probable than Morris’etym.is an analysis of the word (if it is Aryan) as mokkha= mokkha<sup>2</sup>,in meaning “head,top,” so that it may mean “head over,” top-first” &#38; we have to separate *mokkhac-ika the °ika representing °iya “in the manner of,like” &#38; <i>--ac</i> being the adv.of direction as contained in Sk.prāñc=pra-<i>añc</i>.] tumbling,turning somersaults,an acrobatic feat; in list of forbidden amusements at D.I,6 (cp.DA.I,86; samparivattaka-kīḷanaṃ,i.e.playing with something that rolls along,continuously turning? The foll.sentence however seems to imply turning head over heels:“ākāse vā daṇḍaṃ gahetvā bhūmiyaṃ vā sīsaṃ ṭhapetvā heṭṭh-upariya (so read!) --bhāvena parivattana-kīḷanaṃ”; i.e.trapeze-performing.Cp.Dial.I.10 &#38; Vin.Texts II.184).The list re-occurs at Vin.II,10 (°āya:f.! kīḷanti); III,180; M.I,266≈and A.V,203 (with important v.l.mokkhaṭika,which would imply <i>mokkha</i> &#38; ending <i>tiya</i>,and not <i>°cika</i> at all.The Cy.on this passage expl<sup>s</sup> as:daṇḍakaṃ gahetvā heṭṭh-uppariya (sic.as DA.I,86; correct to upariya?) --bhāvena parivattana-kīḷanaṃ).The word is found also at Vin.I,275,where the boy of a Seṭṭhi in Bārāṇasī contracts injuries to his intestines by “mokkhacikāya kīḷanto,” playing (with a) m.-- According to its use with <i>kīḷati</i> &#38; in Instr.<i>mokkhacikena</i> (Nd<sup>2</sup> 219) may be either a sort of game or an instrument (toy),with which children play.(Page 541),10,1
  6897. 279007,en,15,mokkhaka,mokkhaka,Mokkhaka,Mokkhaka,=mokkha<sup>2</sup>; thus we should read at J.I,441 for mukkhaka.(Page 541),8,1
  6898. 279047,en,15,mokkhati,mokkhati,Mokkhati,Mokkhati,see under <i>muñcati</i>.(Page 542),8,1
  6899. 279069,en,15,moli,moli,Moli,Moli,(m. &#38; f.) [cp.Epic Sk.mauli,fr.mūla] a chignon; crest,turban J.I,64; V,431; Mhvs 11,28; DA.I,136 (v.l.moḷi).Also found (as molin,adj.?) in Np.Yama-moli:see under yakkha 5.<br><br> <i>--galla</i> (?) fat Vin.I,85 (expl<sup>d</sup> by thūla-sarīra; vv.ll.moḷi° &#38; mukalla).<i>--baddha</i> one who has his hair tied into a top-knot 128,243,348.(Page 543),4,1
  6900. 279125,en,15,momuha,momūha,Momūha,Momūha,(adj.) [intens.-redupl.formation fr.moha &#38; <em>muh</em>] dull,silly,stupid,infatuated,bewildered (cp.Cpd.83<sup>3</sup>) D.I,27; A.III,164 sq.; Sn.840,841,1120; Nd<sup>1</sup> 153 (=manda),192; Nd<sup>2</sup> 521 (=avidvā etc.); Pug.65.(Page 542),6,1
  6901. 279140,en,15,momuhatta,momūhatta,Momūhatta,Momūhatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.momūha] silliness,foolishness,bewilderment of the mind M.I,520; A.III,119,191,219 (=mandatta); Pug.69.(Page 542),9,1
  6902. 279149,en,15,mona,mona,Mona,Mona,(nt.) [fr.muni,equal to *maunya taken by Nd as root of moneyya] wisdom,character,self-possession Sn.540 (°patha=ñāṇa-patha SnA 435),718,723; Nd<sup>1</sup> 57; Nd<sup>2</sup> 514 A (=ñāṇa &#38; paññā); Th.1,168 (what is monissaṃ? fut.1<sup>st</sup> sg.of ?).(Page 542),4,1
  6903. 279171,en,15,moneyya,moneyya,Moneyya,Moneyya,(nt.) [fr.muni,cp.Vedic moneya] state of a muni,muni-hood; good character,moral perfection.This is always represented as 3 fold,viz.kāya°,vacī°,mano° (see under muni),e.g.at D.III,220; A.I,273; Nd<sup>1</sup> 57; Nd<sup>2</sup> 514 A (where also used as adj.:moneyyā dhammā properties of a perfect character).Cp.also Sn.484,698,700 sq.On <i>moneyya-kolāhala</i> (forebodings of the highest wisdom) see the latter.(Page 542),7,1
  6904. 279225,en,15,mora,mora,Mora,Mora,[the contracted,regular P.form of *Sk.mayūra,viâ *ma-ūra›mora.See also Geiger,P.Gr.§ 27 &#38; Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 166.-- Vedic only mayūrī f.pea-hen] a peacock J.II,275 (°upasevin,see C.on this passage); VI,218,497; PvA.142; DhA.I,394.A peacock’s tail (sometimes used as a fan) is denoted in var.terms in cpds.,as <i>mora-kalāpa</i> DhA.I,387; <i>--piccha</i> Vin.I,186; <i>--piñcha</i> Vin.II,130; <i>--pīñja</i> PvA.142,176; VvA.147; <i>--sikali</i> (?) KhA 49; <i>--hattha</i> Vv 33<sup>44</sup> (=mayūra-piñjehi kataṃ makasa-vījaniṃ); Pv III,1<sup>17</sup>.Perhaps also as <i>morakkha</i> “a peacock’s eye” at VbhA.63 (morakkhaka loha,a kind of copper,grouped with pisācaloha).It is more likely however that <i>morakkha</i> is distorted fr.<i>*mauryaka</i>,patronymic of <i>mura</i>,a local (tribal) designation (cp.murala),then by pop.etym.connected with mora peacock.With this cp.Sk.<i>moraka</i> “a kind of steel” BR.(Page 542),4,1
  6905. 279248,en,15,moragu,moragu,Moragu,Moragu,[cp.(scientific) Sk.mayūraka] a tender grass (Achyranthes aspera) Vin.I,196.(Page 542),6,1
  6906. 279345,en,15,morini,morinī,Morinī,Morinī,(f.) [fr.mora] a peahen Miln.67.(Page 542),6,1
  6907. 279363,en,15,mosa,mosa,Mosa,Mosa,(°-) (adj.-nt.) [the guṇa (comp<sup>n</sup>) form of musā] belonging to or untruth,false-; only in cpds.<i>--dhamma</i> of a deceitful nature,false,A.V,84 (kāma); Sn.739,757; &#38; <i>--vajja</i> [fr.musā-vāda] false-speaking,lie,untruth S.I,169; Sn.819,866,943; Nd<sup>1</sup> 152,265; Nd<sup>2</sup> 515; Vv 12<sup>6</sup>.(Page 543),4,1
  6908. 279375,en,15,mosalla,mosalla,Mosalla,Mosalla,(adj.) [fr.musala] worthy of being slain (with clubs),punishable A.II,241.(Page 543),7,1
  6909. 279398,en,15,mota,moṭa,Moṭa,Moṭa,[BSk.moṭa,Prk.mrḍa:Pischel § 166,238] see mutoḷī.(Page 542),4,1
  6910. 279403,en,15,motar,motar,Motar,Motar,[n.ag.fr.munāti,more likely direct der.fr.muta,pp.of <i>man</i>,q.v.] one who feels (or senses) that which can be felt (or sensed),in phrase “mutaṃ na maññati <i>motabbaṃ</i> (so read) na maññati motāraṃ” he does not identify what is sensed with that which is not sensed,nor with what is to be sensed (<i>motabba</i>) nor with him who senses A.II,25; where motar &#38; motabba correspond to sotar &#38; sotabba &#38; daṭṭhar &#38; daṭṭhabba.The word does not occur in the similar passage M.I,3.(Page 542),5,1
  6911. 279424,en,15,mu,mū,Mū,Mū,is given as root as Dhtp 216 in meaning “bandhana.” (Page 539),2,1
  6912. 279442,en,15,mucala,mucala,Mucala,Mucala,occurs as simplex only in Np.Mahā-<i>mucala-</i>mālaka Mhvs 15,36.It refers to the tree <i>mucalinda</i>,of which it may be a short form.On the other hand <i>mucal-inda</i> appears to the speaker of Pāli a cp.noun,viz.king of the mucala(s) (trees).Its (late?) Sk.correspondent is <i>mucilinda</i>,of which the P.form may be the regular representative (cp.Geiger P.Gr.§ 34).-- 1.the tree Barringtonia acutaṅgula (Nicula*,of which it may be a dialectical distortion:*Abhp 563 nicula›*mucula› *mucala) Vin.I,3; J.V,405 (°ketakā,Dvandva); VI,269 (id.).-- 2.N.of a nāga (serpent) king Vin.I,3.-- 3.N.of a great lake J.VI,534,535.(Page 535),6,1
  6913. 279559,en,15,muccha,mucchā,Mucchā,Mucchā,[fr.<em>mūrch</em>] 1.fainting,swoon PvA.174.-- 2.infatuation A.II,10 (kāma°).Sn.328; Dhs.1059.(Page 535),6,1
  6914. 279578,en,15,mucchana,mucchanā,Mucchanā,Mucchanā,(f.) [fr.mucchati 2] swelling or rising in tone,increase of sound J.II,249 (vīṇaṃ uttama-mucchanāya mucchetvā vādesi).(Page 535),8,1
  6915. 279590,en,15,mucchancikata,mucchañcikatā,Mucchañcikatā,Mucchañcikatā,(°añji°) is probably the correct reading for <i>puñcikatā</i>.-- We find <i>puñcikatā</i> at Dhs.1136,1230; Vbh.351,361 (v.l.pucchañji°); DhsA.365; <i>mucchañci°</i> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 8 &#38; Nd<sup>2</sup> p.152; <i>pucchañji°</i> at VbhA.477.The meaning is “agitation,” as seen from expl<sup>n</sup> of term at DhsA.365 (“wagging of a dog’s tail,” pucchaṃ cāleti),and VbhA.477 (“lābhan’âlābhanaka-ṭhāne vedhanā kampanā nīcavuttatā”).-- The etym.expl<sup>n</sup> is difficult; we may take it as a (misunderstood) corruption of <i>*mucch-aṅgi-kata</i> i.e.mucchā+aṅga+<em>kṛ</em> “being made stiff-of-limbs,” or “swoon.” Psychologically we may take “swoon” as the climax of agitation,almost like “hysterics.” A similar case of a similar term of swooning being interpreted by Bdhgh as “wavering” (<i>cal</i>) is <i>chambhitatta</i> “paralysis,” expl<sup>d</sup> as “sakalasarīra <i>calanaṃ</i>” at DA.I,50.-- The expression <i>mucchañcikatā</i> reminds us of the term <i>kaṭukañcukatā</i>.(Page 535),13,1
  6916. 279621,en,15,mucchati,mucchati,Mucchati,Mucchati,[<em>murch</em>,an enlargement of Vedic <i>mūr</i> to get stiff (as in mūra stupid,dull,cp.Gr.mwrόs; Sk.mūrakha foolish).Used in 2 senses,viz.(a) to become stiff &#38; (b) (Caus.) to harden,increase in tone,make louder.From (a) a fig.meaning is derived in the sense of to become dulled or stupid,viz.infatuated,possessed.‹-› See also Lüders in K.Z.XLII.194 a.How far we are justified to connect Dhtp 216 <i>mū</i> &#38; 503 <i>mu</i> (“bandhane”) with this root is a different question.These 2 roots seem to be without connections.-- <i>mūrch</i> itself is at Dhtp 50 defined with “mohe”] 1.(spelt <i>muccati</i>) to become stiff,congeal,coagulate,curdle Dh.71; DhA.II,67.-- 2.to become infatuated D.III,43 (majjati+).-- 3.only in Caus.<i>muccheti</i> to make sound,to increase in tone J.II,249 (vīṇaṃ); III,188 (id.).-- pp.mucchita.(Page 535),8,1
  6917. 279639,en,15,mucchita,mucchita,Mucchita,Mucchita,[pp.of mucchati] 1.fainted,swooning,in a faint J.I,243; DhA.II,112; PvA.62,174,258.-- 2.distraught,infatuated S.I,61,204; A.I,274; D.III,46 (a°); It.92; J.III,432; V,274 (C.for pagiddha &#38; gadhita).‹-› Cp.pa°.(Page 535),8,1
  6918. 279701,en,15,muda,mudā,Mudā,Mudā,(f.) [fr.<em>mud</em>,see modati] joy,pleasure D.II,214 (v.l.pamudā); Sdhp.306,308.(Page 537),4,1
  6919. 279713,en,15,mudati,mudati,Mudati,Mudati,[for modati?] in exegetical expl<sup>n</sup> of “<i>muti</i>” at VbhA.412:mudatī ti muti.See <i>muti</i>.(Page 537),6,1
  6920. 279718,en,15,mudayanti,mudayantī,Mudayantī,Mudayantī,(f.) [cp.Sk.modayantī] a certain plant,perhaps Ptychotis ajowan J.VI,536.(Page 537),9,1
  6921. 279725,en,15,mudda,muddā,Muddā,Muddā,(f.) [cp.(late?) Sk.mudrā] 1.a seal,stamp,impression; --<i>rāja°</i> the royal seal DhA.I,21.Also with ref.to the State Seal at Miln.280,281 in cpds.muddakāma (amacca) &#38; mudda-paṭilābha.-- 2.the art of calculation mentioned as a noble craft (ukkaṭṭhaṃ sippaṃ) at Vin.IV,7 (with gaṇanā &#38; lekhā),as the first of the sippāni (with gaṇanā) at M.I,85=Nd<sup>2</sup> 199.Further at Miln.3,59,78 sq.,178.Cp.BSk.mudrā in same sense (e.g.at Divy 3,26,58 in set lipyā,saṅkhyā,gaṇanā,m.).Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> of muddā D.I,11 m.+gaṇanā (see DA.I,95) as “hattha-muddā-gaṇanā” is doubtful; since at Miln.78 sq.muddā &#38; gaṇanā are two quite diff.things.See also Franke,Dīgha trsl.p.18,with note (he marks muddā “Finger-Rechnen” with?); and cp.Kern,Toev.I.166 s.v.muddā.The Dial.I.21 trsl.“counting on the fingers” (see Dial.I.21,22 with literature &#38; more refs.).--<i>hattha°</i> is signlanguage,gesture (lit.hand-arithmetic),a means of communicating (question &#38; answer) by signs,as clearly evident fr.J.VI,364 (hattha-muddāya naṃ pucchissāmi ...muṭṭhiṃ akāsi,sā “ayaṃ me ...pucchati” ti ñatvā hatthaṃ vikāsesi,so ñatvā ...; he then asks by word of mouth).--<i>hattha-muddaṃ karoti</i> to make a sign,to beckon J.III,528; cp.Vin.V,163:na hatthavikāro kātabbo,na hattha-muddā dassetabbā.<br><br> <i>--âdhikaraṇa</i> the office of the keeper of the Privy Seal,Chancellorship Miln.281.(Page 538),5,1
  6922. 279782,en,15,muddha,muddha,Muddha,Muddha,<sup>2</sup> &#38; Muddhā [Vedic mūrdhan,the P.word shows a mixture of a- and n- stem] the head; top,summit.‹-› m.sg.<i>muddhā</i> Sn.983,1026, &#38; <i>muddhaṃ</i> Sn.989; acc <i>muddhaṃ</i> D.I,95; Sn.987 sq.,1004,1025; Dh.72 (=paññāy’etaṃ nāmaṃ DhA.II,73); &#38; <i>muddhānaṃ</i> M.I,243; III,259=S.IV,56; Instr.<i>muddhanā</i> Mhvs 19,30; Loc.<i>muddhani</i> Sn.689,987; M.I,168; Vism.262; Mhvs 36,66,in meaning “on the top of (a mountain)”:Vin.I,5 (here spelt pabbata-muddhini)=S.I,137; J.IV,265 (Yugandhara°); Pv.II,9<sup>61</sup> (Naga°=Sineru° PvA.138); Vism.304 (vammika° on top of an ant-hill).-- Freq.in phrase <i>muddhā</i> (me,or no,or te) <i>sattadhā phaleyya</i>,as an oath or exclam<sup>n</sup> of desecration or warning:“(your) head shall split into 7 pieces,” intrs.spelt both phal° &#38; phāl° at J.V,92 (te s.phal°); Miln.157; DhA.I,17 (me ...phāl°),41 (te phalatu s.),42 (ācariyassa m.s.phalissati); IV,125 (no ...phāleyya); VvA.68 (me s.phal°).-- In comp<sup>n</sup> <i>muddha°</i>.<br><br> <i>--(n)aṭṭhi</i> (muddhan-aṭṭhi) bone of the head KhA 51.<i>--âdhipāta</i> head-splitting,battering of the head Sn.988 sq.,1004,1025; <i>--âdhipātin</i> head-splitting (adj.) Sn.1026.<i>--âra</i> head (top) spoke KhA 172.<i>--âvasitta</i> “head-anointed” a properly anointed or crowned king D.III,60 sq.,69; Pug.56; Miln.234.<i>--pāta</i>=°âdhipāta.(Page 538),6,1
  6923. 279783,en,15,muddha,muddha,Muddha,Muddha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of <em>muh</em>,for the usual mūḷha,corresp.to Sk.mugdha.Not=mṛddha (of <i>mṛdh</i> to neglect) which in P.is maddhita:see pari°; nor=mṛdhra disdained] infatuated,bewildered,foolish J.V,436.<br><br> <i>--dhātuka</i> bewildered in one’s nature,foolish(ly) J.IV,391 (v.l.luddha°); DhA.III,120 (v.l.danta° &#38; mūḷa°).(Page 538),6,1
  6924. 279862,en,15,muddhata,muddhatā,Muddhatā,Muddhatā,(f.) [fr.muddha<sup>1</sup>] foolishness,stupidity,infatuation J.V,433 (v.l.muṭhatā,muddatā).(Page 538),8,1
  6925. 279890,en,15,muddika,muddika,Muddika,Muddika,(adj.n.) [fr.muddā] one who practises <i>muddā</i> (i.e.knowledge of signs) D.I,51 (in list of occupations,comb<sup>d</sup> with gaṇaka &#38; trsl<sup>d</sup> Dial.I.68 by “accountant”; cp.Franke,Dīgha p.53,“Finger-rechner”?) Vin.IV,8 (m.,gaṇaka,lekhaka); S.IV,376 (gaṇaka,m.,saṅkhāyaka).(Page 538),7,1
  6926. 279900,en,15,muddika,muddikā,Muddikā,Muddikā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [fr.mudu,cp.*Sk.mṛdvīkā] a vine or bunch of grapes,grape,grape wine Vin.I,246 (°pāna); J.IV,529; DhA.II,155.(Page 538),7,1
  6927. 279901,en,15,muddika,muddikā,Muddikā,Muddikā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [fr.muddā] a seal ring,signet-ring,fingerring J.I,134; III,416; IV,439; DhA.I,394; II,4 (a ring given by the king to the keeper of the city gates as a sign of authority,and withdrawn when the gates are closed at night); IV,222.<i>aṅguli°</i> finger-ring,signetring Vin.II,106; J.IV,498; V,467.-- Similarly as at DhA.II,4 (muddikaṃ <i>āharāpeti</i>) muddikā is fig.used in meaning of “authority,” command; in phrase <i>muddikaṃ deti</i> to give the order,to command Miln.379 (with ref.to the captain of a ship).(Page 538),7,1
  6928. 279941,en,15,mudha,mudhā,Mudhā,Mudhā,(adv.) [Class.Sk.mudhā] for nothing,gratis VvA.77.(Page 538),5,1
  6929. 279960,en,15,mudinga,mudiṅga,Mudiṅga,Mudiṅga,see <i>mutiṅga</i>.(Page 537),7,1
  6930. 279982,en,15,mudita,mudita,Mudita,Mudita,[pp.of <em>mud</em>,modati] pleased,glad,satisfied,only in cpd.<i>°mana</i> (adj.) with gladdened heart,pleased in mind Sn.680 (+udagga); Vv 83<sup>15</sup> (+pasanna-citta).Cp.pa°.(Page 537),6,1
  6931. 279994,en,15,mudita,muditā,Muditā,Muditā,(f.) [abstr.fr.mudu,for the usual <i>mudutā</i>,which in P.is only used in ord.sense,whilst <i>muditā</i> is in pregnant sense.Its semantic relation to mudita (pp.of <em>mud</em>) has led to an etym.relation in the same sense in the opinion of P.Commentators and the feeling of the Buddhist teachers.That is why Childers also derivers it from <i>mud</i>,as does Bdhgh.-- BSk.after the Pali:<i>muditā</i> Divy 483] soft-heartedness,kindliness,sympathy.Often in triad <i>mettā</i> (“active love” SnA 128),<i>karuṇā</i> (“preventive love,” ibid.),<i>muditā</i> (“disinterested love”:modanti vata bho sattā modanti sādhu sutthū ti ādinā mayena hita-sukh’âvippayogakāmatā muditā SnA 128); e.g.at D.I,251; S.V,118; A.I,196 etc.(see karuṇā).-- Cp.also Sn.73; D.III,50,224,248; Miln.332 (°saññā;+mettā°,karuṇā°); Vism.318 (where defined as “modanti tāya,taṃ-samaṅgino,sayaṃ vā modati etc.”); DhsA.192.See on term Dhs.trsl.§251 (where equalled to sugxairosu/nh); Cpd.24 (called sympathetic &#38; appreciative),97 (called “congratulatory &#38; benevolent attitude”); Expos.200 (interpretation here refers to <i>mudutā</i> DhsA.151 “plasticity”).(Page 537),6,1
  6932. 280056,en,15,mudu,mudu,Mudu,Mudu,(adj.) [Vedic mṛdu,fr.<em>mṛd</em>:see maddati; cp.Lat.mollis (fr.*moldǔis); Gr.a)maldu/nw to weaken,Cymr.blydd soft] soft,mild,weak,tender D.II,17=III,143 (+taluṇa); A.II,151 (pañcindriyāni mudūni,soft,blunt,weak:opp.tikkha); S.II,268 (°taluṇa-hatthapādā); Sn.447 (=muduka SnA 393); Th.1,460 (=loving); Pv.I,9<sup>2</sup>; Vism.64; PvA.46,230.Compar.<i>mudutara</i> S.V,201.<br><br> <i>--indriya</i> (mud°) weak,slow minded,of dull senses Ps.I,121=II.195; Vism.87.<i>--citta</i> a tender heart PvA.54.<i>--cittatā</i> kind (soft) heartedness DhA.I,234.<i>--piṭṭhika</i> having a soft (i.e.pliable) back Vin.III,35.<i>--bhūta</i> supple,malleable D.I,76 (+kammaniya); Pug.68.<i>--maddava</i> soft &#38; tender (said of food taken by young women to preserve their good looks) DhsA.403.<i>--hadaya</i> tender-hearted DhA.II,5.(Page 537),4,1
  6933. 280139,en,15,muduka,muduka,Muduka,Muduka,(adj.) [fr.mudu]=mudu.-- 1.flexible,pliable,soft S.II,221 (saṅghāṭi); Vism.66 (giving in easily,cpd.with ukkaṭṭha &#38; majjhima); KhA 49 (°aṭṭhikāni soft bones); Mhvs 25,102 (sayana); bhūmi Miln.34.-- 2.soft,mild,gentle,kindly,tender-hearted J.V,83 (m.hadaya),155; Miln.229 (cittaṃ m.); SnA 84 (°jātika),393; DhA.I,249 (citta); PvA.243.-- 3.soft,weak,pampered,spoilt S.II,268 (of the Licchavi princes).-- See also <i>maddava</i>, &#38; cp.ati°.(Page 537),6,1
  6934. 280277,en,15,muduta,mudutā,Mudutā,Mudutā,(f.) [cp.Sk.mṛdutā; abstr.fr.mudu.See also muditā] softness,impressibility,plasticity A.I,9; D.III,153 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “loveliness”); Dhs.44 (+maddavatā); 1340 (id.); Vism.463 sq.; DhsA.151 (=mudubhāva); cp.Dhs.trsl.§1340.(Page 537),6,1
  6935. 280356,en,15,muga,mūga,Mūga,Mūga,(adj.) [Vedic mūka; see etym.under mukha] dumb Vin.I,91 (andha,m.,badhira); Sn.713; DhA.II,102 (andha,m.,badhira); SnA 51 (in simile); Sdhp.12.Freq.comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>eḷa</i>,deaf (q.v.).(Page 539),4,1
  6936. 280404,en,15,mugga,mugga,Mugga,Mugga,[Vedic mudga,cp.Zimmer,Altind.Leben 240] a kind of kidney-bean,Phaseolus mungo,freq.comb<sup>d</sup> with māsa<sup>2</sup> (q.v.).On its size (larger than sāsapa,smaller than kalāya) see A.V,170 &#38; cp.kalāya.-- D.II,293; M.I,57 (+māsa); S.I,150; J.I,274,429; III,55; VI,355 (°māsā); Miln.267,341; SnA 283.<br><br> --sūpa bean-soup Vism.27.--sūpyatā “bean-soupcharacter,” or as Vism.trsl.32 has it “bean-currytalk”; fig.denoting a faulty character,i.e.a man who behaves like bean-soup.The metaphor is not quite transparent; it is expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh as meaning a man speaking half-truths,as in a soup of beans some are only half-boiled.The expl<sup>n</sup> is forced, &#38; is stereotype,as well as is the comb<sup>n</sup> in which it occurs.Its origin remains to be elucidated.Anyhow it refers to an unevenness in character,a flaw of character.The passage (with var.spellings) is always the foll.:<i>cāṭukamyatā</i> (pātu° Nd<sup>2</sup>; °kammatā Miln; pāṭu° Vbh) <i>mugga-sūpyatā</i> (°sūpatā Nd<sup>2</sup>; °suppatā Miln. &#38; KhA 236; °sūpatā and suppatā Vbh. &#38; VbhA.338; supyatā Vism) <i>pāribhaṭṭatā</i> (°bhatyatā Vism.; °bhaṭṭakatā Miln; °bhaṭyatā &#38; °bbhaṭṭatā Vbh).At Nd<sup>2</sup> 39<sup>1</sup> it is used to explain <i>sāvajja-bhogin</i>,at Vism.17 &#38; Vbh.246 <i>anācāra;</i> at Vbh.352 <i>lapanā;</i> at Miln.370 it is used generally (cp.Miln.trsl.II.287).The C.expl<sup>n</sup> of the Vbh.passage,as given at (VbhA.483 &) Vism.17 runs as follows:“mugga-sūpa-samānāya sacc’âlikena jīvita kappanatāy’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.Yathā hi muggasūpe paccante bahū muggā pākaṃ gacchanti,thokā na gacchanti,evam eva saccâlikena jīvitakappake puggale bahuṃ alikaṃ hoti,appakaṃ saccaṃ.” The text at VbhA.483 is slightly different,although the sense is the same.Similarly at Vism.27.(Page 534),5,1
  6937. 280440,en,15,muggara,muggara,Muggara,Muggara,[cp.Sk.mudgara] a club,hammer,mallet J.I,113; II,196,382; V,47; VI,358; Miln.351; Vism.231; DhA.I,126; II,21; PvA.4,55 (ayo°),56 (°pahāra),66,192.The word is specifically peculiar to the so-called Jātaka style.(Page 535),7,1
  6938. 280474,en,15,muggatiya,muggatiya,Muggatiya,Muggatiya,(nt.?) [fr.mugga?] a plant,according to C.a species of bean J.VI,536.(Page 535),9,1
  6939. 280523,en,15,muhutta,muhutta,Muhutta,Muhutta,(m. &#38; nt.) [Vedic muhūrta,fr.muhur suddenly] a moment,a very short period of time,an inkling,as we should say “a second.” -- Its duration may be seen from descending series of time-connotations at PvA.198 (under jātakamma,prophesy by astrologers at the birth of a child):rāsi,nakkhatta,tithi,m.; and from def<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 516 by “khaṇaṃ,layaṃ,vassaṃ,atthaṃ.” ‹-› Usually in oblique cases:<i>muhuttena</i> in a short time,in a twinkling of an eye PvA.55; <i>muhuttaṃ</i> (Acc.) a moment,even a second Sn.1138 (m.api); Dh.65 (id.),106; PvA.43.(Page 539),7,1
  6940. 280548,en,15,muhuttika,muhuttika,Muhuttika,Muhuttika,(adj.) [fr.muhutta] only for a moment; <i>°ā</i> (f.) a temporary wife,in enum<sup>n</sup> of several kinds of wives at Vin.III,139 &#38; VvA.73.Syn.tan-khaṇikā.(Page 539),9,1
  6941. 280565,en,15,mujjati,mujjati,Mujjati,Mujjati,[The P.form of the Sk.<i>majj</i>] to sink,dive,be submerged Dhtp 70 (mujja=mujjana).Only in cpds.<i>um° </i>&<i> ni°</i>.(Page 535),7,1
  6942. 280574,en,15,mukha,mukha,Mukha,Mukha,(nt.) [Vedic mukha,fr.Idg.*mu,onomat.,cp.Lat.mu facere,Gr.mukάomai,Mhg.mūgen,Lat.mūgio to moo (of cows),to make the sound “moo”; Ohg.māwen to cry,muckazzen to talk softly; also Gr.mu_qos word,“myth”; Ohg.mūla=Ger.maul; Ags.mule snout,etc.Vedic mūka silent,dumb=Lat.mutus=E.mute] 1.the mouth Sn.608,1022 (with ref.to the long tongue,pahūta-jivha,of the Buddha or Mahāpurisa); J.II,7; DA.I,287 (uttāna° clear mouthed,i.e.easy to understand,cp.D.I,116); PvA.11,12 (pūti°),264 (mukhena).-- 2.the face J.VI,218 (uṇṇaja m.); PvA.74,75,77; °ṃ karoti to make a face (i.e.grimace) Vism.343.--adho° face downward Vin.II,78; opp.upari° (q.v.); assu° with tearful face Dh.67; PvA.39; see assu.--dum° (adj.) sad or unfriendly looking J.II,393; VI,343; scurrilous J.V,78; bhadra° brightfaced PvA.149; ruda° crying Pv.I,11<sup>2</sup>.-- 3.entrance,mouth (of a river) Mhvs 8,12; āya° entrance (lit.opening),i.e.cause or means of income DA.I,218; ukkā° the opening of a furnace,a goldsmith’s smelting pot A.I,257; Sn.686; J.VI,217; 574.ubhato-mukha having 2 openings M.I,57.sandhi° opening of the cleft PvA.4.Hence:-- 4.cause,ways,means,reason,by way of J.III,55 by way of a gift (dānamukhe); IV,266 (bahūhi mukhehi).--apāya° cause of ruin or loss A.II,166; IV,283.-- 5.front part,front,top,in īsā° of the carriage pole S.I,224=J.I,203.Hence:-- 6.the top of anything,front,head,best part; adj.topmost,foremost Sn.568 (aggihutta-mukhā yaññā),569 (nakkhattānaṃ mukhaṃ cando; cp.Vin.I,246); VbhA.332 (=uttamaṃ,mukha-bhūtaṃ vā).-- Der.adj.mokkha &#38; pāmokkha (q.v.).Note.A poetical Instr.sg.mukhasā is found at Pv.I,2<sup>3</sup> &#38; I.3<sup>2</sup>,as if the Nom.were mukho (s-stem).-- The Abl.mukhā is used as adv.“in front of,before,” in cpd.sam° &#38; param°,e.g.PvA.13.See each sep.<br><br> --ādhāna (1) the bit of a bridle M.I,446; (2) setting of the mouth,i.e.mouth-enclosure,rim of the m.; in m.siliṭṭhaṃ a well-connected,well-defined mouth-contour DhsA.15 (not with trsl.“opens lightly,” but better with note “is well adjusted,” see Expos.19,where write °ādhāna for °ādāna).--āsiya (? cp.āsita<sup>1</sup>) to be eaten by the mouth DhsA.330 (mukhena asitabba).--ullokana looking into a person’s face,i.e.cheerful,bright,perhaps also flattering DhA.II,193 (as °olokana).--ullokika flattering (cp.above) Nd<sup>1</sup> 249 (puthu Satthārānaṃ m.puthujjana); PvA.219.--odaka water for rinsing the mouth Nd<sup>2</sup> 39<sup>1</sup>=Miln.370; VvA.65; DhA.II,19; IV,28.--ja born in (or from) the mouth,i.e.a tooth J.VI,219.--tuṇḍa a beak VvA.227 [cp.BSk.mukhatuṇḍaka Divy 387].--dugga one whose mouth is a difficult road,i.e.one who uses his mouth (speech) badly Sn.664 (v.l.°dukkha).--dūsi blemishes of the face,a rash on the face DA.I,223 (m.--dosa ibid.).--dvāra mouth opening PvA.180.--dhovana-ṭṭhāna place for rinsing the mouth,“lavatory” DhA.II,184.--puñchana wiping one’s mouth Vin.I,297.--pūra filling the mouth,a mouthful,i.e.as much as to fill the mouth J.VI,350.--pūraka mouth-filling Vism.106.--bheri a musical instrument,“mouth-drum,” mouthorgan (?) Nd<sup>2</sup> 219 B; SnA 86.--makkaṭika a grimace (like that of a monkey) of the face J.II,70,448 (T.makkaṭiya).--vaṭṭi “opening-circumference,” i.e.brim,edge,rim DhA.II,5 (of the Lohakumbhi purgatory,cp.J.III,43 lohakumbha-mukhavaṭṭi); DhA.III,58 (of a gong).--vaṇṇa the features PvA.122,124.--vikāra contortion of the mouth J.II,448.--vikūṇa (=vikāra) grimace SnA 30.--saṅkocana distortion or contraction of the mouth,as a sign of displeasure DhA.II,270; cp.mukha-saṅkoca Vism.26.--saññata controlling one’s mouth (i.e.speech) Dh.363,cp.DhA.IV,93.(Page 534),5,1
  6943. 280867,en,15,mukhara,mukhara,Mukhara,Mukhara,(adj.) [cp.Sk.mukhara; fr.mukha] garrulous,noisy,scurrilous S.I,203; V,269; A.I,70; III,199,355; Th.1,955; Sn.275; J.III,103; DhA.II,70 (ati°); PvA.11.-- opp.amukhara M.I,470; Th.1,926; Pug.35; Miln.414.(Page 534),7,1
  6944. 280884,en,15,mukharata,mukharatā,Mukharatā,Mukharatā,(f.) [fr.mukhara] talkativeness,garrulousness,noisiness DhA.II,70.(Page 534),9,1
  6945. 281111,en,15,mukka,mukka,Mukka,Mukka,[pp.of <em>muc</em>,Sk.mukta,for the usual P.mutta; cp.Prk.mukka,Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 566] only in um° &#38; paṭi° (q.v.),and as v.l.at M.III,61.(Page 534),5,1
  6946. 281113,en,15,mukkhaka,mukkhaka,Mukkhaka,Mukkhaka,at J.I,441 should be read as mokkhaka,meaning “first,principal,foremost”; cp.mokkha<sup>2</sup>.(Page 534),8,1
  6947. 281118,en,15,mukula,mukula,Mukula,Mukula,[cp.Sk.mukula] a bud; see makula (where also see mukulita).-- Abhp 811,1116.(Page 534),6,1
  6948. 281132,en,15,mula,mūla,Mūla,Mūla,(nt.) [Vedic mūra &#38; mūla.The root is given as <em>mūl</em> in 2 meanings,viz.lit.“rohane” Dhtm 859,and fig.“patiṭṭhāyaṃ” Dhtm 391] 1.(lit.) root A.II,200= M.I,233; DhA.I,270; IV,200 (opp.patti); Vism.270 (<i>rukkha°</i>=rukkha-samīpaṃ); Pv.II,9<sup>6</sup> (sa° with the root); PvA.43 (rukkhassa mūle at the foot of).-- 2.foot,bottom Vin.II,269 (patta°); PvA.73 (pāda°),76 (id.).<i>rukkha°</i> foot of a tree:see under rukkha for special meaning.-- 3.(appl<sup>d</sup>) ground for,reason,cause,condition,def<sup>d</sup> as “hetu,nidāna,sambhava” etc.at Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Sn.14=369 (akusalā mũlā n.pl.=ākāra or patiṭṭhā SnA 23); Pv.II,3<sup>33</sup> (sa° with its cause); Dukp 272,297,312,320; Miln.12 ( &#38; khandha-yamaka,with ref.to the Yamaka).Very freq.in this sense as referring to the three lobha,dosa,moha as conditioning <i>akusala</i> ( &#38; absence of them=kusala),e.g.at D.III,214,275; A.I,201; 203; Vbh.106 sq.,169,361; Yam I.1; Vism.454; cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 517; VbhA.382.-- 4.origin,source,foundation,root (fig.) Vin.I,231=D.II,91 (dukkhassa); Vin.II,304; Sn.916,968 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 344,490); Th.1,1027 (brahmacariyassa); Dh.247,337.Freq.in formula (may be taken to no.1) [pahīna] ucchinna-mūla tālâvatthukata etc.with ref.to the origin of saṃsāra,e.g.at S.II,62,88; III,10,27,161,193; IV,253,292,376.See Nd<sup>2</sup> p.205 s.v.pahīna,in extenso.-- 5.beginning,base,in <i>mūladivasa</i> the initial day DA.I,311; also in phrase <i>mūlakāraṇato</i> right from the beginning VvA.132 (cp.BSk.mūlaṃ kramataś ca id.Divy 491).-- 6.“substance,” foundation,i.e.worth,money,capital,price,remuneration Miln.334 (kamma°); DhA.I,270 (?); PvA.273; Mhvs 27,23.<i>amūla</i> unpaid Mhvs 30,17 (kamma labour).--<i>iṇa°</i> borrowed capital D.I,71.<br><br> <i>--kanda</i> eatable tuber DhA.III,130; IV,78 (mūlaka°).See also kanda.<i>--kammaṭṭhāna</i> fundamental k.or k.of causes SnA 54.<i>--ghacca</i> radically extirpated Dh.250,263.<i>--ṭṭha</i> one who is the cause of something,an instigator Vin.III,75.<i>--dassāvin</i> knowing the cause or reason Sn.1043,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 517.<i>--phala</i> (eatable) fruit,consisting of roots; roots as fruit Sn.239.<i>--bandhana</i> fundamental bond (?) or set of causes (?) Sn.524 sq.,530 sq.,cp.SnA 429--431.<i>--bīja</i> having seeds in roots,i.e.propagated by roots,one of the classes of plants enum<sup>d</sup> under <i>bījagāma</i> (q.v.).<i>--rasa</i> taste of roots,or juice made fr.roots VbhA.69; see under rasa.(Page 539),4,1
  6949. 281278,en,15,mulaka,mūlaka,Mūlaka,Mūlaka,(adj.nt.) [fr.mūla] 1.(adj.) (a) (-°) being caused by,having its reason through or from,conditioned by,originating in Vbh.390 (taṇhā° dhammā); Tikp.233 sq.,252 sq.,288 sq. &#38; passim; VbhA.200 sq.,207 sq.(saṅkhāra°,avijjā° etc.with ref.to the constituents of the Paṭicca-samuppāda); PvA.19.-- (b) having a certain worth,price,being paid so much,dear Mhvs 27,23 (a °ṃ kammaṃ unpaid labour); DhA.I,398 (nahāna-cuṇṇa °ṃ catu-paṇṇāsa-koṭi dhanaṃ,as price); II,154 (pattha-pattha-mūlakā bhikkhā); III,296 (kiṃ mūlakaṃ how dear?).-- 2.(nt.)=mūla,i.e.root,bulb,radish,only in cpd.<i>mūlaka-kanda</i> radish (-root) J.IV,88,491; DhA.IV,78.-- See also <i>pulaka</i>.(Page 540),6,1
  6950. 281368,en,15,mulala,muḷāla,Muḷāla,Muḷāla, &#38; Muḷālī (f.) [cp.Vedic mulālin.Zimmer,Altind Leben 70 mentions Bisa,Śāluka &#38; Mulālin as edible roots of lotus kinds.-- Geiger,P.Gr.12 &#38; 43 puts muḷāla =Sk.mṛṇāla] the stalk of the lotus:<i>muḷālī</i> Vin.I,215 (bhisa+); muḷāli J.VI,530 (=muḷālaka C.); <i>muḷālikā</i> Vin.I,215 (bhisa+); <i>bhisa-muḷālaṃ</i> (nt.) (collective cpd.) fibre &#38; stalks Vin.II,201=S.II,269; IV,94; V,39; Vism.361; VbhA.66.--<i>muḷāli-puppha</i> a lotus Th.1,1089.(Page 539),6,1
  6951. 281736,en,15,mulha,mūḷha,Mūḷha,Mūḷha,[Vedic mūḍha,pp.of <em>muh</em><i>;</i> cp.also muddha<sup>1</sup>= Vedic mugdha] 1.gone astray,erring,having lost one’s way (magga°) D.I,85 ≈ (°ssa maggaṃ ācikkhati); Pv IV.1<sup>48</sup> (id.with pāvadati); PvA.112 (magga°).-- 2.confused,infatuated,blinded,erring,foolish D.I,59; Pv IV.3<sup>34</sup> (sa°,better to be written sam°).<br><br> <i>--gabbhā</i> (f.) a woman whose “fœtus in utero” has gone astray,i.e.cannot be delivered properly,a woman difficult to be delivered J.I,407=DhA.IV,192; Miln.169; VbhA.96.<i>--rūpa</i> foolish Dh.268; DhA.III,395.(Page 540),5,1
  6952. 281776,en,15,mulika,mūlika,Mūlika,Mūlika,(adj.n.) [fr.mūla] 1.(m.) root-vendor Miln.331.-- 2.(adj.--°) belonging to the feet (pāda°),a footman,lackey J.I,122,438; II,300 sq.(N.of the king of Janasandha,Gāmaṇi-caṇḍa); III,417; V,128; VI,30.-- 3.in <i>rukkha°</i> one who lives at the foot of a tree:see under <i>rukkha</i>,where also <i>°mūlikatta</i>.(Page 540),6,1
  6953. 281801,en,15,mummura,mummura,Mummura,Mummura,[*Sk.murmura,lit.crackling,rustling; cp.Lat.murmur=E.murmur,Gr.mormuρw to rustle,Ohg.murmurōn &#38; murmulōn=Ger.murmeln; all to Idg.<i>*mrem</i>,to which Sk.marmara:see P.mammara &#38; cp.murumurā] crackling fire,hot ashes,burning chaff J.II,134.(Page 539),7,1
  6954. 281812,en,15,munana,munana,Munana,Munana,(nt.) [fr.munāti,almost equal to mona] fathoming,recognising,knowing; a C.word to explain “muni,” used by Dhpāla at VvA.114 (mahā-isibhūtaṃ ...mahanten’eva ñāṇena munanato paricchindanato mahā muniṃ), &#38; 231 (anavasesassa ñeyyassa munanato muni).(Page 538),6,1
  6955. 281829,en,15,munati,munāti,Munāti,Munāti,[=manyate,prob.corresponding to Sk.med.manute,with inversion *munati and analogy formation after jānāti as <i>munāti</i>,may be in allusion to Sk.mṛṇāti of <em>mṛ</em> to crush,or also <em>mā</em> mināti to measure out or fathom.The Dhtm 589 gives as root <em>mun</em> in meaning “ñāṇa.” The word is more a Com.word than anything else,formed from muni &#38; in order to explain it] to be a wise man or muni,to think,ponder,to know Dh.269 (yo munāti ubho loke munī tena pavuccati),which is expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.III,396 as follows:“yo puggalo ...tulaṃ āropetvā minanto viya ime ajjhattikā khandhā ime bāhirā ti ādinā nayena ime ubho pi atthe mināti munī tena pavuccati.” Note.The word occurs also in Māgadhī (Prk.) as muṇaï which as Pischel (Prk.Gr.§ 489) remarks,is usually taken to <em>man</em>,but against this speaks its meaning “to know” &#38; Pāli munāti.He compares maṇaï with Vedic mūta in kāma-mūta (driven by kāma; mūta=pp.of <em>mū</em><i>=</i><em>mīv</em>) and Sk.muni.Cp.animo movere.(Page 538),6,1
  6956. 281865,en,15,muncana,muñcana,Muñcana,Muñcana, &#38; Muccana (nt.) [abstr.fr.<em>muc</em>] 1.release,being freed,deliverance J.IV,478 (mucc°); <i>°ākāra</i> (muñc°) means of deliverance (dukkhato from ill) DhA.I,267; <i>°kāla</i> time of release (dukkhā from suffering) DhA.II,11 (mucc°,v.l.muñc°).-- 2.letting loose,emitting,giving,bestowing VbhA.249 (speaking,shouting out; Vism.reading p.265 is to be corrected fr.mañcana!); PvA.132 (v.l.dāna).(Page 536),7,1
  6957. 281875,en,15,muncanaka,muñcanaka,Muñcanaka,Muñcanaka,(adj.) [fr.muñcana] sending out or forth,emitting VvA.303 (pabhā°).(Page 536),9,1
  6958. 281920,en,15,muncati,muñcati,Muñcati,Muñcati,[Vedic muñcati; <em>muc</em>,to release,loosen; with orig.meaning “strip off,get rid of,” hence also “glide” as in Lith.mūkti to escape,Ags.smūgan to creep,Ger.schmiegen to rub against.See further connections in Walde,Lat.Wtb.,s.v.emungo.The Dhtp 376 expl<sup>s</sup> by mocane,Dhtm 609 id.; 631:moce; 765:pamocane] I.Forms.The 2 bases <i>muñc° </i>&<i> mucc°</i> are differentiated in such a way,that <i>muñc°</i> is the active base,and <i>mucc°</i> the passive.There are however cases where the active forms (muñc°) are used for the passive ones (mucc°),which may be due simply to a misspelling,ñc &#38; cc being very similar.-- A.Active.pres.<i>muñcati</i> J.I,375; IV,272; V,453; Vv 64<sup>18</sup>; pot.<i>muñcetha</i> Dh.389; imper.<i>muñca</i> Dh.348; ppr.<i>muñcanto</i> Sn.791; aor.<i>muñci</i> J.V,289; Mhvs 19,44; pl.<i>muñciṃsu</i> J.IV,142; ger.<i>muñciya</i> Mhvs 25,67; <i>mutvā</i> J.I,375; &#38; <i>muñcitvā</i> ibid.; PvA.43; inf.<i>muñcituṃ</i> D.I,96.-- Caus.II.<i>muñcāpeti</i> D.I,148.-- B.Passive.pres.<i>muccati</i> Sn.508; ppr.<i>muccanto</i> J.I,118; imper,sg.<i>muccassu</i> Th.2,2; pl.<i>muccatha</i> DhA.II,92; pot.<i>muñceyya</i> Pv.II,2<sup>6</sup>; PvA.104; Dh.127; fut.<i>muccissati</i> J.I,434 (where also muñcissati in same sense); DhA.I,105; III,242; PvA.53,105; also <i>mokkhasi</i> Vin.I,21=S.I,111; pl.<i>mokkhanti</i> Dh.37; aor.<i>mucci(ṃsu)</i> S.III,132; IV,20; J.II,66; inf.<i>muccituṃ</i> Th.1,253; DhA.I,297.-- Caus.<i>moceti </i>&<i> mocāpeti</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>mutta</i>.-- II.Meanings.1.to release,deliver (from=Abl.),set free (opp.bandhati) Sn.508 (sujjhati,m.,bajjhati); S.III,132 (cittāni mucciṃsu their hearts were cleansed),Th.2,2 (muccassu); Dh.127 (pāpakammā,quoted at PvA.104); Pv.II,2<sup>6</sup>; PvA.53 (niray’ûpapattito muccissati),105; DhA.I,297 (dukkhā muccitu-kāma desirous of being delivered from unpleasantness; v.l.muñc°); II,92 (dukkhā).‹-› 2.to send off,let loose,drop,give J.IV,272 (saraṃ an arrow); Vism.313 (dhenu vacchakassa khīra-dhāraṃ m.); Mhvs 25,63 (phalakaṃ).-- 3.to let out of the yoke,to unharness,set free D.I,148 (satta usabhasatāni muñcāpeti); PvA.43 (yoggāni muñcitvā).‹-› 4.to let go,emit,send forth (light) J.V,289 (obhāsaṃ muñci); Mhvs 19,44 (rasmiyo).-- 5.to send forth (sound); to utter,emit (words etc.) J.I,375 (vācaṃ); Vv 64<sup>18</sup> (mālā m.ghosaṃ=vissajjenti VvA.281).‹-› 6.(from 4 &#38; 5 in general) to undertake,to bestow,send forth,let loose on Dh.389:“na brāhmaṇassa pahareyya nâssa muñcetha brāhmaṇo,” where DhA.IV,148 supplements veran na muñcetha (i.e.kopaṃ na kareyya).In this case veraṃ muñcati would be the same as the usual veraṃ bandhati,thus opposite notions being used complementarily.The interpretation “give up” (enmity) instead of “undertake” is possible from a mere grammatical point of view.L.v.Sohroeder (Worte der Wahrheil) trsl<sup>s</sup> “noch stürzt der Priester auf den Feind”! -- 7.to abandon,give up,leave behind Dh.348 (muñca,viz.taṇhaṃ DhA.IV,63); J.V,453 (peta-rāja-visayaṃ).-- 8.An idiomatic (late) use of the ger.<i>muñciya</i> (with Acc.) is in the sense of an adv.(or prep.),meaning “except,besides,” e.g.maṃ m.Mhvs 25,67; imaṃ m.(besides this Mhvs 14,17).-- Cp.pa°,paṭi°,vi°.Note.At Dh.71 <i>muccati</i> stands for <i>muccheti</i> (=Sk.mūrchati) to become stiff,coagulate,curdle; cp.DhA.II,67.(Page 535),7,1
  6959. 282005,en,15,munda,muṇḍa,Muṇḍa,Muṇḍa,(adj.) [cp.BSk.muṇḍa] bald,shaven; a shaven,(bald-headed) ascetic,either a samaṇa,or a bhikkhu or (f.) bhikkhunī S.I,175 (m.saṅghāṭi-pāruta); Vin.IV,265 (f.); Sn.p.80 (=muṇḍita-sīsa SnA 402).--<i>kaṇṇa°</i> with cropped or shorn ears (appl<sup>d</sup> to a dog) Pv.II,12<sup>10</sup>,cp.<i>muṇḍaka</i>.<br><br> <i>--pabbataka</i> a bare mountain J.I,303 (Hatthimatta); VvA.302 (v.l.for T.muṇḍika-pabbata).<i>--vaṭṭin</i> “shaven hireling” (?),a king’s servant,probably porter Vin.II,137.The expl<sup>n</sup> given by Bdhgh on p.319 (on CV.V,29.5) is twofold,viz.malla-kammakar’ādayo viya kacchaṃ banditvā nivāsenti; and muṇḍa-veṭṭhī (sic) ti yathā rañño kuhiñci gacchanto parikkhāra-bhaṇḍavahana-manussā ti adhippāyo.Maybe that reading <i>veṭi</i> is more correct.<i>--sira</i> shaven head DhA.II,125.(Page 536),5,1
  6960. 282040,en,15,mundaka,muṇḍaka,Muṇḍaka,Muṇḍaka,=muṇḍa; cp.BSk.muṇḍaka Divy 13.-- Sn.p.80; Dh.264 (=sīsa-muṇḍana-matta DhA.III,391,qualification of a shaveling); VvA.67 (°samaṇā,Dvandva).--<i>aḍḍha°</i> shaven over one half the head (sign of loss of freedom) Mhvs 6,42.--<i>kaṇṇa°</i> “with blunt corners,” N.of one of the 7 great lakes:see under kaṇṇa.<i>--paṭisīsaka</i> the chignon of a shaveling,in phrase:kāsāyaṃ nivāsetvā <i>muṇḍaka-paṭisīsakaṃ</i> sīse paṭimuñcitvā fastening the (imitation) top-knot of a shaveling to his head Miln.90; cp.J.II,197 (paccekabuddha-vesaṃ gaṇhitvā paṭisīsakaṃ paṭimuñcitvā),similarly J.V,49.(Page 536),7,1
  6961. 282071,en,15,mundana,muṇḍana,Muṇḍana,Muṇḍana,(nt.) [fr.muṇḍa] shaving,tonsure DhA.III,391 (Page 536),7,1
  6962. 282113,en,15,mundatta,muṇḍatta,Muṇḍatta,Muṇḍatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.muṇḍa] the fact of being shaven or shorn PvA.106.(Page 536),8,1
  6963. 282137,en,15,mundeti,muṇḍeti,Muṇḍeti,Muṇḍeti,[denom.-- Caus.from muṇḍa] to shave Mhbv 103.-- pp.<i>muṇḍita</i>.-- The BSk.has only Caus.II.<i>muṇḍāpayati</i>,at Divy 261.Should Dhtp 106 “muṇḍ= khaṇḍha” be the def<sup>n</sup> of muṇḍati? -- At J.III,368 we find <i>muṇḍati</i> for muṇḍeti (kuṇṭha-satthena muṇḍanto viya),which should prob.be read muṇḍento.(Page 536),7,1
  6964. 282151,en,15,mundika,muṇḍika,Muṇḍika,Muṇḍika,(-pabbata) bare (mountain),uncertain T.reading at VvA.302 for v.l.SS <i>muṇḍa-</i>pabbata (q.v.).(Page 536),7,1
  6965. 282169,en,15,mundita,muṇḍita,Muṇḍita,Muṇḍita,[pp.of muṇḍeti] shaven SnA 402 (°sīsa).(Page 536),7,1
  6966. 282180,en,15,mundiya,muṇḍiya,Muṇḍiya,Muṇḍiya,[abstr.fr.muṇḍa] baldness,shaven condition (of ascetics &#38; bhikkhus) M.I,515; Sn.249; Kvu I.95; Sdhp.374.(Page 536),7,1
  6967. 282202,en,15,muni,muni,Muni,Muni,[cp.Vedic muni,originally one who has made the vow of silence.Cp.Chh.Up.VIII,5,2; Pss.of the Br.132 note.Connected with mūka:see under mukha.This etym.preferred by Aufrecht:Halāyudha p.311.Another,as favoured by Pischel (see under munāti) is “inspired,moved by the spirit.” Pāli expl<sup>ns</sup> (popular etym.) are given by Dhammapāla at VvA.114 &#38; 231:see munana] a holy man,a sage,wise man.I.The term which was specialised in Brahmanism has acquired a general meaning in Buddhism &#38; is applied by the Buddha to any man attaining perfection in self-restraint and insight.So the word is capable of many-sided application and occurs frequently in the oldest poetic anthologies,e.g.Sn.207--221 (the famous Muni-sutta,mentioned Divy 20,35; SnA 518; expl<sup>d</sup> SnA 254--277),414,462,523 sq.,708 sq.,811 sq.,838,844 sq.,912 sq.,946,1074 &#38; passim (see Pj.Index p.749); Dh.49,225,268 sq.,423.-- Cp.general passages &#38; expl<sup>ns</sup> at Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup>; II,13<sup>3</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> at PvA.163 by “attahitañ ca parahitañ ca munāti jānātī ti muni”); Miln.90 (munibhāva “munihood,” meditation,self-denial,abrogation); DhA.III,521 (munayo=moneyya-paṭipadāya maggaphalaṃ pattā asekha-munayo),395 (here expl<sup>d</sup> with ref.to orig.meaning tuṇhībhāva “state of silence” =mona).-- II.The Com. &#38; Abhidhamma literature have produced several schedules of muni-qualities,esp.based on the 3 fold division of character as revealed in action,speech &#38; thought (kāya°,vacī°,mano°).Just as these 3 are in general exhibited in good or bad ways of living (°sucaritaṃ &#38; °duccaritaṃ),they are applied to a deeper quality of saintship in kāya-moneyya,vacīmoneyya,mano-moneyya; or Muni-hood in action,speech &#38; thought; and the muni himself is characterised as a kāya-muni,vacī° &#38; mano°.Thus runs the long exegesis of muni at Nd<sup>2</sup> 514<SUP>A</SUP>=Nd<sup>1</sup> 57.Besides this the same chapter (514<SUP>B</SUP>) gives a division of <i>6 munis</i>,viz.<i>agāra-</i>muni,<i>anagāra°</i> (the bhikkhus),<i>sekha°</i>,<i>asekha°</i> (the Arahants),<i>pacceka°</i> (the Paccekabuddhas),<i>muni°</i> (the Tathāgatas).-- The parallel passage to Nd<sup>2</sup> 514<SUP>A</SUP> at A.I,273 gives a muni as kāya-muni,vācā° &#38; ceto° (under the 3 moneyyāni).(Page 538),4,1
  6968. 282302,en,15,munja,muñja,Muñja,Muñja,[Vedic muñja,cp.Zimmer,Altind.Leben 72] 1.a sort of grass (reed) Saccharum munja Roxb.Sn.440.<i>°kesa</i> having a dark mane (like m.grass) D.II,174.<i>°pādukā</i> slipper made of m.grass DhA.III,451.<i>°maya</i> made of m.grass Sn.28.-- The reed itself is called <i>isīkā</i> (q.v.).-- 2.a sort of fish J.IV,70 (+rohita,taken as Dvandva by C.); VI,278 (id.).(Page 536),5,1
  6969. 282349,en,15,muraja,muraja,Muraja,Muraja,[cp.Epic. &#38; Class.Sk.muraja,Prk.murava:Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 254] 1.a small drum,tambourine J.V,390; Vv 35<sup>3</sup> (=bheri VvA.161); 84<sup>18</sup> (=mudinga VvA.340); SnA 370.-- 2.a kind of girdle Vin.II,136.(Page 539),6,1
  6970. 282387,en,15,murumura,murumurā,Murumurā,Murumurā,(indecl.) [onomat.to sound root <em>mṛ</em>,see mammara &#38; mummura] the grinding,crackling sound of the teeth when biting bones,“crack”; in phrase <i>m</i>.ti <i>khādati</i> to eat or bite up to bits J.I,342; V,21 (of a Yakkhinī,eating a baby).(Page 539),8,1
  6971. 282390,en,15,murumurapeti,murumurāpeti,Murumurāpeti,Murumurāpeti,=murumurāyati J.II,127; III,134; V,196 (°etvā khādati).(Page 539),12,1
  6972. 282399,en,15,murumurayati,murumurāyati,Murumurāyati,Murumurāyati,[denom.fr.murumurā] to munch,chew,bite up with a cracking sound J.IV,491.(Page 539),12,1
  6973. 282414,en,15,musa,musā,Musā,Musā,(adv.) [Vedic mṛṣā,fr.<em>mṛṣ</em>,lit.“neglectfully”] falsely,wrongly; uṣually with verbs <i>vadati</i>,<i> bhanati</i>,<i> bhāsati </i>&<i> brūti</i> to speak falsely,to tell a lie.-- A.I,149 (opp.saccaṃ); Sn.122,158,397,400,757,883,967,1131; Nd<sup>1</sup> 291; Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup>; VvA.72 (=abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ); SnA 19; PvA.16,152.<br><br> <i>--vāda</i> lying,a falsehood,a lie D.I,4,25; III,68 sq.; 92 sq.,106,170,195,232,269; M.I,414; Sn.129,242 (cp.D.II,174); Dh.246; Pug.57; Nd<sup>1</sup> 268; Vv 15<sup>8</sup>; Pv.I,6<sup>8</sup>; VbhA.383 (var.degrees); PvA.16; Sdhp.65; explicitly at Nd<sup>1</sup> 152,394; Nd<sup>2</sup> 515.Cp.mosavajja.<i>--vādin</i> speaking falsely,lying D.I,138; III,15,82; Dh.176; Pug.29,38.(Page 539),4,1
  6974. 282445,en,15,musala,musala,Musala,Musala,(m.nt.) [cp.Vedic musala.The etym.is probably to be connected with <em>mṛd (</em>see maddati)] 1.a pestle (whilst udukkhala is “mortar,” cp.J.II,428 &#38; see udukkhala) D.I,166=Pug.55; DhA.II,131 (+suppa).‹-› 2.a club A.II,241; VvA.121.-- 3.a crowbar J.I,199; PvA.258 (°daṇḍa).(Page 539),6,1
  6975. 282461,en,15,musalaka,musalaka,Musalaka,Musalaka,(nt.) [fr.musala] a little pestle,a toy for little girls DhsA.321.(Page 539),8,1
  6976. 282491,en,15,musalika,musalika,Musalika,Musalika,only in cpd.<i>danta°</i> (an ascetic) who uses his teeth as a pestle J.IV,8 (an aggi-pakkaṃ khādati,eats food uncooked,only crushed by his teeth).(Page 539),8,1
  6977. 282510,en,15,musati,musati,Musati,Musati,[in this connection=<em>mṛṣ</em> in an active sense,as quâsi denom.fr.musā.Not to <em>muṣ</em> to steal,which is given at Dhtp 491 with “theyya”] to betray,beguile,bewilder,dazzle,in cakkhūni m.D.II,183 (but trsl<sup>n</sup> “destructive to the eyes”); <i>musati ‘va nayanaṃ</i> Vv 35<sup>3</sup> (cp.VvA.161).(Page 539),6,1
  6978. 282589,en,15,musi,mūsī,Mūsī,Mūsī,(f.) [Venic mūṣ &#38; mūḥ mouse or rat; cp.Lat.mūs Gr.mu_s,Ohg.mūs=E.mouse.Not to <em>muṣ</em> to steal,but to same root as Lat.moveo,to move] a mouse S.II,270 (mudu° a tender,little m.).(Page 540),4,1
  6979. 282595,en,15,musika,mūsika,Mūsika,Mūsika,(m.) &#38; mūsikā (f.) [Vedic mūṣikā,fr.mūṣ] a mouse D.II,107=Pug.43 (f.); Vism.109 (m.),252= KhA 46 (m.); Mhvs 5,30 (m.); VbhA.235.<br><br> <i>--cchinna</i> (auguries from the marks on cloth (gnawed by mice) D.I,9 (mūsikā°; DA.I,92 mūsika°=undurakhāyitaṃ; cp.Dial.I.17).<i>--darī</i> a mouse-hole J.I,462 (mūsikā°,so read for musikā°).<i>--patha</i> “Mouseroad” N.of a road Nd<sup>1</sup> 155,415 (here mūsikā°).<i>--potikā</i> the young of a mouse J.IV,188 (mūsika°).<i>--vijjā</i> mouse craft D.I,9 (cp.DA.I,93).(Page 540),6,1
  6980. 282676,en,15,mussati,mussati,Mussati,Mussati,[<i>=</i><em>mṛṣ</em>,mṛṣyati; to which musā “wrongly,” quite diff.in origin fr.micchā:mṛṣā›mithyā.Dhtm 437 defines by “sammose,” i.e.forgetfulness] v.intrs.:to forget,to pass into oblivion,to become bewildered,to become careless D.I,19 (sati m.); J.V,369 (id.); Sn.815 (=nassati SnA 536;=parimussati,paribāhiro hoti Nd<sup>1</sup> 144).-- pp.<i>muṭṭha</i>.Cpp.pa°,pari°.(Page 539),7,1
  6981. 282685,en,15,muta,muṭa,Muṭa,Muṭa,see mutoḷī.Otherwise occurring in Np.<i>Muṭa-siva</i> at Mhvs 11,4.(Page 536),4,1
  6982. 282692,en,15,muta,muta,Muta,Muta,[for mata,cp.Geiger.P.Gr.§ 18] thought,supposed,imagined (i.e.received by other vaguer sense impressions than by sight &#38; hearing) M.I,3; Sn.714 (=phusan’arahaṃ SnA 498),812; J.V,398 (=anumata C.); Vbh.14,429 sq.-- Often in set <i>diṭṭha suta muta</i> what is seen,heard &#38; thought (? more likely “felt,” cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 298:diṭṭha=cakkhunā d.,sutaṃ=sotena s.,mutaṃ=ghānena ghāyitaṃ,jivhāya sāyitaṃ,kāyena phuṭṭaṃ,and viññātaṃ=manasā v.; so that from the interpretation it follows that d.s.m.v.refer to the action (perception) of the 6 senses,where muta covers the 3 of taste,smell &#38; touch,and viññāta the function of the manas) S.I,186 (K.S.I.237 note); IV,73; Th.I,1216.Similarly the psychol.analysis of the senses at Dhs.961:rūp’āyatanaṃ diṭṭhaṃ; sadd-āyat.sutaṃ; gandh°,ras°,phoṭṭhabb° mutaṃ; sabbaṃ rūpaṃ manasā viññātaṃ.See on this passage Dhs.trsl.§ 961 note.In the same sense DhsA.388 (see Expositor,II.439).-- D.III,232; Sn.790 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 87 sq.in extenso) 793,798,812,887,901,914,1086,1122.Thus quite a main tenet of the old (popular) psychology.<br><br> <i>--maṅgalika</i> one who prophesies from,or derives lucky auspices from impressions (of sense; as comp<sup>d</sup> with diṭṭha-maṅgalika visible-omen-hunter,and suta-m.sound-augur) J.IV,73 (where C.clearly expl<sup>s</sup> by “touch”); KhA 119 (the same expl<sup>n</sup> more in detail).<i>--visuddhika</i> of great purity,i.e.orthodox,successful,in matters of touch Nd<sup>1</sup> 89,90.<i>--suddhi</i> purity in matter of touch Nd<sup>1</sup> 104,105.(Page 536),4,1
  6983. 282743,en,15,muti,muti,Muti,Muti,(f.) [for mati,cp.muta] sense-perception,experience,understanding,intelligence Sn.864; Nd<sup>1</sup> 205 (on Sn.846=hearsay,what is thought); Vbh.325 (diṭṭhi,ruci,muti,where muti is expl<sup>d</sup> at VbhA.412 as “mudatī ti muti”!) 328; Sdhp.221.Cp.sam°.(Page 536),4,1
  6984. 282754,en,15,mutimant,mutimant,Mutimant,Mutimant,(adj.) [fr.muti] sensible,intelligent,wise Sn.539; as <i>mutīmā</i> at Sn.61,321,385; pl.881; J.IV,76 (as mutīmā &#38; mutimā); Nd<sup>2</sup> 511=259.Cp.<i>matimant</i>.(Page 537),8,1
  6985. 282767,en,15,mutinga,mutiṅga,Mutiṅga,Mutiṅga,[Sk.mṛdaṅga on d›t.cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 23] a small drum,tabour D.I,79; Vin.I,15; S.II,266 sq.(a famous mythological drum,called Ānaka; same also at J.II,344); J.IV,395 (bheri+); KhA 49.Spelling <i>mudiṅga</i> at S.II,266; J.IV,395; Vism.250; VbhA.232; VvA.210 (v.l.SS mutinga),340 (id.).<br><br> <i>--sadda</i> sound of the drum J.I,3 (one of the 10 sounds,hatthi°,assa° etc.).(Page 536),7,1
  6986. 282775,en,15,mutoli,mutoḷī,Mutoḷī,Mutoḷī,[?] a doubtful word occurring only in one stock phrase,viz.“ubhato-mukhā m.pūrā nānā-vihitassa dhaññassa” at M.I,57 (vv.ll.putoḷi,mūṭolī)=III,90 (mūtoḷī)=D.II,293 (T.mutoli,v.l.muṭoli; gloss K pūtolī).The Dial.II.330 trsl.“sample bag” (see note on this passage; with remark “spelling uncertain”).Neumann,Mittlere Sammlung I.101 trsl<sup>s</sup> “Sack.” ‹-› Kern,Toev.s.v.mutoḷī tries to connect it with BSk.<i>moṭa</i> (Hindi moṭh),bundle,which (with vv.ll.mūḍha,muṭa,mūṭa) occurs only in one stock phrase “bharaiḥ motaiḥ piṭakaiḥ” at Divy 5,332,501,524.The more likely solution,however,is that <i>mutoḷī</i> is a distortion of <i>puṭosā</i> (puṭosa),which is found as v.l.to <i>puṭaṃsa</i> at all passages concerned (see puṭaṃsa).Thus the meaning is “bag,provision-bag.” The BSk.<i>moṭa</i> (muṭa) remains to be elucidated.The same meaning “provision-bag” fits at Vism.328 in cpd.<i>yāna°</i>,where spelling is T.°paṭṭoli,v.l.BB °putoḷi,but which is clearly identical with our term.We should thus prefer to read <i>yāna-puṭosi</i> “carriage-bag for provisions.” (Page 537),6,1
  6987. 282784,en,15,mutta,mutta,Mutta,Mutta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Vedic mūtra; Idg.<i>*meud</i> to be wet,as in Gr.mu/zw to suck,mudάw to be wet; Mhg.smuz (=Ger.schmutz),E.smut &#38; mud,Oir.muad cloud (=Sk.mudira cloud); Av.muprem impurity,Mir.mūn urine; Gr.miai/nw to make dirty] urine Vin.IV,266 (passāvo muttaṃ vuccati); Pv.I,9<sup>1</sup> (gūthañ ca m.); PvA.43,78.Enum<sup>d</sup> under the 32 constituents of the body (the dvattiṃs-ākāraṃ) at Kh III,(cp.KhA 68 in detail on mutta; do.Vism.264,362; VbhA.68,225,248 sq.) =M.III,90=D.II,293 etc.<br><br> <i>--ācāra</i> see mutta<sup>1</sup>.<i>--karaṇa</i> “urine-making,” i.e.pudendum muliebre,cunnus Vin.IV,260.<i>--karīsa</i> urine &#38; fæces,i.e.excrements Vin.I,301; S.III,85; A.II,33; Sn.835; Nd<sup>1</sup> 181; J.VI,111; Vism.259,305,342,418 (origin of).<i>--gata</i> what has become urine DhsA.247 (gūtha°+).<i>--vatthi</i> the bladder Vism.345.(Page 537),5,1
  6988. 282785,en,15,mutta,mutta,Mutta,Mutta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of muñcati; Sk.mukta] 1.released,set free,freed; as --° free from Sn.687 (abbhā° free from the stain of a cloud); Dh.172 (id.),382 (id.).-- Dh.344; Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup>; PvA.65 (su°).-- 2.given up or out,emitted,sacrificed Vin.III,97=IV.27 (catta,vanta,m.) A.III,50 (catta+).Cp.vi°.-- 3.unsystematised.Comp.9,137 (vīthi°).<br><br> <i>--ācāra</i> of loose habits D.I,166=III,40=Pug.55 (where expl<sup>d</sup> at PugA 231,as follows:vissatth’ācāro.Uccārakamm’ādīsu lokiya-kulaputt’ācārena virahito ṭhitako va uccāraṃ karoti passāvaṃ karoti khādati bhuñjati).<i>--paṭibhāna</i> of loose intelligence,or immoderate promptitude (opp.yutta°),quick-tempered Pug.42 (cp.PugA 223); SnA 110,111; <i>--saddha</i> given up to faith Sn.1146 (=saddhâdhimutta Nd<sup>2</sup> 512).<i>--sirā</i> (pl.) with loose (i.e.confused) heads KhA 120=Vism.415.(Page 537),5,1
  6989. 282798,en,15,mutta,muttā,Muttā,Muttā,(f.) [cp.Sk.muktā] a pearl Vv 37<sup>7</sup> (°ācita); Pv.II,7<sup>5</sup> (+veḷuriya); Mhvs 30,66.Eight sorts of pearls are enum<sup>d</sup> at Mhvs.11,14,viz.haya-gaja-rath’āmalakā valay’ aṅguli-veṭhakā kakudha-phala-pākatikā,i.e.horse-,elephant-,waggon-,myrobalan-,bracelet-,ring-,kakudha fruit-,and common pearls.<br><br> <i>--āhāra</i> a string or necklace of pearls J.I,383; VI,489; DhA.I,85; SnA 78 (simile); Vism.312.<i>--jāla</i> a string (net) of pearls J.IV,120; Mhvs 27,31; VvA.198.<i>--dāma</i> garland or wreath of p.Mhvs 30,67 (so T.for v.l.°maya).<i>--vali</i> string of pearls VvA.169.<i>--sikkā</i> string of pearls VvA.244.(Page 537),5,1
  6990. 282890,en,15,muttaka,muttaka,Muttaka,Muttaka,(adj.) [mutta<sup>1</sup>+ka] only in cpd.<i>antarā°</i> one who is released in the meantime Vin.II,167.(Page 537),7,1
  6991. 282895,en,15,muttaka,muttakā,Muttakā,Muttakā,(f.)=muttā; <i>°maya</i> made of pearls Mhvs 27,33.(Page 537),7,1
  6992. 283051,en,15,muttata,muttatā,Muttatā,Muttatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.mutta<sup>1</sup>] state of being liberated,freedom J.V,480.(Page 537),7,1
  6993. 283121,en,15,muttha,muṭṭha,Muṭṭha,Muṭṭha,[pp.of mussati,<em>mṛṣ</em>] having forgotten,one who forgets; only in two cpds.,viz.<i>°sacca</i> [der.fr.foll.:muṭṭha+sati+ya] forgetfulness,lit.forgotten-mindedness,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with asampajañña,D.III,213; A.V,149; Pug.21; Dhs.1349 (where read:yā asati ananussati ...adhāraṇatā pilāpanatā sammussanatā); Vbh.360,373; Vism.21; DhA.IV,85; &#38; <i>°sati(n)</i> (adj.) “forgetful in mindfulness,” i.e.forgetful,careless,bewildered [cp.BSk.amuṣitasmṛti Lal.V,562,to all appearance (wrongly) derived from P.musati to rob,<em>mus</em>,muṣṇāti] D.III,252,282; S.I,61 (+asampajāna); Pug.21,35 (neither passage expl<sup>d</sup> in PugA!); J.III,488; VbhA.275.As <i>°satika</i> at Miln.79.-- Note.muṭṭhasati with var.(unsuccessful) etym.is discussed in detail also by Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,pp.92--94.(Page 536),6,1
  6994. 283170,en,15,mutthi,muṭṭhi,Muṭṭhi,Muṭṭhi,(f.) [Vedic muṣṭi,m.f.Does def<sup>n</sup> “<em>muṭ</em>=maddane” at Dhtm 125 refer to muṭṭhi?] the fist VvA.206.<i>muṭṭhī katvā</i> gaṇhāti to take by making a fist,i.e.clutch tightly,clenching one’s fist J.VI,331.--<i>muṭṭhiṃ akāsi</i> he made a fist (as sign) J.VI,364.As --° often meaning “handful.” --<i>ācariya-</i>muṭṭhi close-fistedness in teaching,keeping things back from the pupil D.II,100; S.V,153; J.II,221,250; VvA.138; SnA 180,368.<i>kuṇḍaka°</i> handful of rice powder VvA.5; DhA.I,425.<i>taṇḍula°</i> handful of rice PvA.131.<i>tila°</i> do.of tilaseeds J.II,278.<i>paṃsu°</i> do.of soil J.VI,405.<i>ritta°</i> an empty fist SnA 306=DhA.IV,38 (°sadisa alluding to ignorance).<br><br> <i>--yuddha</i> fist-fight,boxing D.I,6.<i>--sammuñjanī</i> “fistbroom” a short broom DhA.II,184.(Page 536),6,1
  6995. 283198,en,15,mutthika,muṭṭhika,Muṭṭhika,Muṭṭhika,[fr.muṭṭhi] 1.a fist-fighter,wrestler,boxer Vin.II,105 (malla°); J.IV,81 (Np.); VI,277; Vism.31 (+malla).-- 2.a sort of hammer J.V,45.(Page 536),8,1
  6996. 283284,en,15,mutti,mutti,Mutti,Mutti,(f.) [fr.<em>muc</em>,cp.Sk.mukti] release,freedom,emancipation Sn.344 (muty-apekho); Nd<sup>1</sup> 88,89 (+vimutti &#38; parimutti); PvA.35,46; Sdhp.492.-- Cp.vi°.(Page 537),5,1
  6997. 283297,en,15,muttika,muttika,Muttika,Muttika,[fr.muttā] a pearl vendor,dealer in pearls Miln.262.(Page 537),7,1
  6998. 283342,en,15,muyhana,muyhana,Muyhana,Muyhana,(nt.) [fr.muyhati] bewilderment,stupefaction,infatuation DA.I,195 (rajjana-dussana-m.).(Page 539),7,1
  6999. 283366,en,15,muyhati,muyhati,Muyhati,Muyhati,[Vedic muhyati,<em>muh</em><i>;</i> def<sup>n</sup> Dhtp 343:mucchāyaṃ; 460:vecitte; cp.moha &#38; momuha] to get bewildered,to be infatuated,to become dull in one’s senses,to be stupified.Just as rāga,dosa &#38; moha form a set,so do the verbs rajjati,dussati,muyhati,e.g.Miln.386 (rajjasi rajjanīyesu,dussanīyesu dussasi,muyhase mohaniyesu).Otherwise rare as finite verb; only DhsA.254 (in def<sup>n</sup> of moha) &#38; Sdhp.282,605 (so read for mayhate).-- pp.<i>mūḷha </i>&<i> muddha<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 539),7,1
  7000. 283426,en,15,na,na,Na,Na,<sup>3</sup> [identical with na<sup>1</sup>] base of demonstr.pron.3rd pers.(=ta°),only in foll.cases:Acc.sg.<i>naṃ</i> (mostly enclitic),fuller form <i>enaṃ</i> him,her,that one etc.Sn.139,201,385,418,980,1076; It.32; Dh.42,230; J.I,152,172,222; III,281; KhA 220; DhA.I,181; III,173; PvA.3,68,73.<br><br> -- Acc.pl.<i>ne</i> them It.110 (v.l.te); Sn.223 (=te manusse KhA 169); J.II,417; III,204; V,458; DhA.I,8,13,61,101,390; VvA.299.-- Gen.Dat.pl.<i>nesaṃ</i> D.I,175,191; It.63; J.I,153; DhA.IV,41; VvA.37,136.; PvA.54,201,207.See also cna; cp.nava<sup>2</sup>.(Page 344),2,1
  7001. 283427,en,15,na,na,Na,Na,<sup>2</sup> [Ved.na=Idg.*ně; Lat.ne in n’unquam etc.,Goth.ni; Sk.na ca=Lat.neque=Goth.nih.Also Sk.nā= Idg.*nē,cp.Lat.Goth.nē] negātive &#38; adversative particle “not” (Nd<sup>2</sup> 326:paṭikkhepa; KhA 170:paṭisedhe) 1.often apostr.N’:n’atthi,n’etaṃ etc.; or contracted:nāhaṃ,nāpi etc.,or with cuphonic consonant y:nayidaṃ (It.29,J.IV,3),nayidha (It.36,37),nayimaṃ (It.15) etc.As double negation implying emphatic affirmation:na kiñci na all,everything J.I,295.-- 2.In disjunctive clauses:<i>na </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> na</i> neither-nor,so-or not so.In question:karoti na karoti (“or not”) J.II,133.Cp.<i>mā</i> in same use.‹-› Often with added <i>pi</i> (api) in second part:<i>na-nāpi</i> neither-nor (“not-but also not”) S.II,65; M.I,246; Pv.I,11<sup>9</sup>.-- 3.In syntactic context mostly emphasized by var.negative &#38; adversative particles,viz.<i>nāpi</i> (see under 2); <i>n’eva</i> indeed not,not for all that J.III,55; or not KhA 219; <i>n’eva-na</i> neither-nor D.I,33,35; M.I,486; A.V,193; J.I,207,279; Vin.II,185; DhA.I,328; II,65; DA.I,186,188; <i>n’eva-na pana</i> id.D.I,24; <i>na kho</i> not indeed J.II,134; <i>na ca</i> but not (=this rather than that) J.I,153; <i>na tāva</i>=na kho Vv 37<sup>13</sup>; <i>na nu</i> (in quest.= noQne) is it not? PvA.74,136; <i>na no</i> surely not Sn.224; <i>na hi</i> [cp.Gr.ou/xi/ not at all; nai/xi certainly] certainly not Dh.5,184; Sn.666; Kh VII.6; <i>na hi jātu</i> id.Sn.152.-- See also nu,nū,no.-- 4,na is also used in the function of the negative prefix a- (an-) in cases where the word-negation was isolated out of a sentence negation or where a negated verb was substantified,e.g.(a) nacira (=acira) short,napparūpa abundant,napuṃsaka neuter,neka (=aneka) several; (b) natthi,natthika etc.(q.v.).(Page 344),2,1
  7002. 283428,en,15,na,na,Na,Na,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.na (in cana) &#38; nā (in nānā,vi-nā) Idg.pron.base *no,cp.Gr.nή,nai/; Lat.nē,nae surely,also encl.in ego-ne &#38; in question utruṃne,nam; fuller form *eno,as in Sk.anā (adv.) anena,anayā (Instr.pron.3rd); Gr.e)/nh “that day”; Lat.enim] expletive-emphatic particle,often used in comparative-indefinite sense:just so,like this,as if,as (see cana &#38; canaṃ) J.V,339 (Com.cttha na-kāro upamāne).Also as <i>naṃ</i> (cp.cana› canaṃ) Vin.II,81,186 (kathaṃ naṃ=kathaṃ nu); J.II,416; V,302; VI,213 (Com.p.216:ettha eko na-karo pucchanattho hoti); Th.1,1204; Miln.177.Perhaps at Sn.148 (kattha-ci naṃ,v.l.BB na; but Com.KhA 247= etaṃ).To this na belongs na<sup>3</sup>; see also nu &#38; nanu.(Page 344),2,1
  7003. 283463,en,15,nabbho,nabbho,Nabbho,Nabbho,=nābhiyo,Nom.pl.of nābhi (q.v.).(Page 347),6,1
  7004. 283470,en,15,nabha,nabha,Nabha,Nabha,(nt.) &#38; <i>Nabhas</i> (in oblique cases) [Sk.nabhas; Gr.nέfos &#38; nefέlh,Lat.nebula,Oir.nēl,Ags.nifol (darkness),Ohg.nebul.See also abbha] mist,vapour,clouds,sky A.I,242; II,50 (nabhā),III,240,Sn.687 (nabhasi-gama,of the moon); Vv 32<sup>3</sup>,35<sup>2</sup> (=ākāsa VvA.161),53<sup>4</sup> (id.236),63<sup>27</sup> (id.268); PvA.65; Mhvs VII.9 (nabhasā Instr.).(Page 347),5,1
  7005. 283503,en,15,nabhi,nābhi,Nābhi,Nābhi, &#38; Nābhī (f.) [Vedic nābhi,nābhī; Av.nabā; Gr.o)mfalόs (navel); Lat.umbo &#38; umbilicus; Oir.imbliu (navel); Ags.nafu; Ohg.naba (nave),Ger.nabel=E.nave &#38; navel] 1.the navel A.III,240; J.I,238; DA.I,254 (where it is said that the Vessā (Vaiśyas) have sprung from the navel of Brahmā).-- 2.the nave of a wheel Vv 64<sup>4</sup> (pl.nabhyo &#38; nabbho SS=nābhiyo VvA.276); J.I,64; IV,277; Miln.115.(Page 350),5,1
  7006. 283540,en,15,nacca,nacca,Nacca,Nacca,(nt.) [Ved.nṛtya=Anglo-Ind.nautch,etym.uncertain,cp.naccati &#38; naṭati] (pantomimic) dancing; usually comb<sup>d</sup> with singing (gīta,q.v.) &#38; instrumental music (vādita).-- <i>nacca:</i> A.I,261; D.III,183; J.I,61,207; DA.I,77; PvA.231.-- <i>nacca-gīta:</i> J.I,61; Pv IV.7<sup>2</sup>; DhA.III,129; VvA.131,135.-- <i>nacca-gīta-vādita</i> (+visūkadassana):Vin.I,83; D.I,5,6; KhA 36; cp.Vv 81<sup>10</sup> (naccagīte suvādite).(Page 345),5,1
  7007. 283565,en,15,naccaka,naccaka,Naccaka,Naccaka,[Sk.*nṛtyaka,distinguished from but ultimately identical with naṭaka,q.v.] a dancer,(pantomimic) actor Miln.191,331,359 (naṭa°).-- f.<i>naccakī</i> Vin.II,12.(Page 345),7,1
  7008. 283585,en,15,naccana,naccana,Naccana,Naccana,(nt.) [Ved.*nṛtyana,cp.naṭana] dance,dancing VvA.282,315.(Page 345),7,1
  7009. 283645,en,15,naccati,naccati,Naccati,Naccati,[Ved.nṛtyati <i>nṛt</i>,cp.nacca &#38; naṭati] to dance,play Vin.II,10; J.I,292; Vv 50<sup>1</sup> (=naṭati VvA.210); 64<sup>21</sup>.‹-› pp.<i>naccento</i> D.I,135; fut.<i>naccissati</i> Vin.II,12; aor.<i>nacci</i> J.III,127; inf.<i>naccituṃ</i> J.I,207.-- Caus.<i>naccāpentī</i> to make play Vism.305 (so read for nacch°).(Page 345),7,1
  7010. 283691,en,15,nacira,nacira,Nacira,Nacira,(adj.) [Sk.nacira=na+cira] not of long duration,short Sn.694; gen <i>nacirass’eva</i> after a short time,shortly Sn.p.16; J.IV,2,392; Miln.250.(Page 345),6,1
  7011. 283707,en,15,nada,nāda,Nāda,Nāda,[Sk.nāda,see nadati] loud sound,roaring,roar J.I,19 (sīha°),50 (koñca°),150 (mahā°).Cp.pa°.(Page 349),4,1
  7012. 283720,en,15,nadana,nadana,Nadana,Nadana,(nt.) [cp.Sk.nadanu] roaring J.I,19 (sīhanāda° the sound of a lion’s roar).(Page 346),6,1
  7013. 283759,en,15,nadati,nadati,Nadati,Nadati,[Ved.nadati,<em>nad</em> of unknown etym.] to roar,cry,make a noise (nadaṃ nadati freq.) Sn.552 (sīha),684 (id.),1015; J.I,50,150; II,110; aor.<i>nadi</i> J.III,55 &#38; <i>anādisuṃ</i> J.IV,349.Caus.<i>nadāpeti</i> to make roar J.II,244.See also nadī &#38; nāda, &#38; cp.onadati.(Page 346),6,1
  7014. 283774,en,15,naddha,naddha,Naddha,Naddha,[Sk.naddha pp.of <em>nah</em>,see nayhati] tied,bound,fastened,put on J.I,175 (rathavarattaṃ); Bu I.31 (camma°,of a drum); Mhvs VII.16 (°pañcāyudha); Miln.117 (yuga°); DhsA.131.Cp.onaddha,vi°,san°.(Page 346),6,1
  7015. 283808,en,15,nadhati,nādhati,Nādhati,Nādhati,[Sk.nādhate=nāthate (see nātha),only in nadhamāna,cp.RV X.65,5:nādhas] to have need of,to be in want of (c.Gen.) J.V,90 (Com.expl<sup>s</sup> by upatappati milāyati; thinking perhaps of <i>nalo</i> va chinno).(Page 349),7,1
  7016. 283828,en,15,nadi,nadī,Nadī,Nadī,(f.) [Ved.nadī,from nadati=“the roaring,” cp.also nandati] a river; often characterised as mahā° in opp.to kun° rivulet; pl.nadiyo also collect.“the waters.” -- D.I,244 (Aciravatī nadī); S.II,32,118,135; V,390; A.I,33,136,243 (mahā°); II,55,140 (mahā°); III,52; IV,101 (m°),137; Sn.425,433,568,720; Dh.251; J.I,296; II,102; III,51; III,91 (Kebukā); V,269 (Vetaraṇī°); VI,518 (Ketumatī); Pv IV.3<sup>54</sup>; Vism.468 (sīghasotā); PvA.256 (m°); Sdhp.21,194,574.-- Gen.sg.nadiyā J.I,278; It.113; Instr.nadiyā J.I,278; PvA.46; pl.Nom.<i>nadiyo</i> Miln.114 (na tā n.dhuva-salilā),<i>najjo</i> PvA.29 (mahā°); &#38; <i>najjāyo</i> J.VI,278; gen nadīnaṃ Vin.I,246=Sn.569 (n.sāgaro mukhaṃ).-- <i>kunnadī</i> a small river S.I,109; II,32,118; V,47,63; A.II,140; IV,100; V,114 sq.-- On n.in similes see J.P.T.S.1906,100.<br><br> <i>--kuñja</i> a river glen DA.I,209; <i>--kūla</i> the bank of a river Cp.III,7<sup>1</sup>; <i>--tīra</i>=°kūla J.I,278; <i>--dugga</i> a difficult ford in a river S.II,198; <i>--vidugga</i>=°dugga A.I,35; III,128.(Page 346),4,1
  7017. 283834,en,15,nadi,nādi,Nādi,Nādi,(f.)=nāda,loud sound,thundering (fig.) Vv 64<sup>10</sup>.(Page 349),4,1
  7018. 284030,en,15,nadita,nadita,Nadita,Nadita,(nt.) [cp.Sk.nādita,pp.of caus.nadayati] roar,noise J.II,110.(Page 346),6,1
  7019. 284092,en,15,naga,naga,Naga,Naga,[Sk.naga tree &#38; mountain,referred by Fausböll &#38; Uhlenbeck to na+gacchati,i.e.immovable (=sthāvara),more probably however with Lidén (see Walde under nāvis) to Ohg.nahho,Ags.naca “boat=tree”; semantically mountain=trees,i.e.forest] mountain S.I,195= Nd<sup>2</sup> 136<SUP>A</SUP> (nagassa passe āsīna,of the Buddha); Sn.180 (=devapabbata royal mountain SnA 216; or should it mean “forest”?); Th.1,41 (°vivara),525; Pv.II,9<sup>61</sup> (°muddhani on top of the Mount,i.e.Mt.Sineru PvA.138; the Buddha was thought to reside there); Miln.327 (id.); Vv 16<sup>6</sup> (°antare in between the (5) mountains,see VvA.82).(Page 345),4,1
  7020. 284107,en,15,naga,nāga,Nāga,Nāga,[Ved.nāga; etym.of 1.perhaps fr.*snagh=Ags.snaca (snake) &#38; snaegl (snail); of 2 uncertain,perhaps a Non-Aryan word distorted by popular analogy to nāga<sup>1</sup>] 1.a serpent or Nāga demon,playing a prominent part in Buddh.fairy-tales,gifted with miraculous powers &#38; great strength.They often act as fairies &#38; are classed with other divinities (see devatā),with whom they are sometimes friendly,sometimes at enmity (as with the Garuḷas) D.I,54; S.III,240 sq.; V,47,63; Bu.I.30 (dīghāyukā mahiddhikā); Miln.23.Often with supaṇṇā (Garuḷas); J.I,64; DhA.II,4; PvA.272.Descriptions e.g.at DhA.III,231,242 sq.; see also cpds.-- 2.an elephant,esp.a strong,stately animal (thus in comb<sup>n</sup> hatthi-nāga characterising “a Nāga elephant”) &#38; freq.as symbol of strength &#38; endurance (“heroic”).Thus Ep.of the Buddha &#38; of Arahants.Popular etymologies of n.are based on the excellency of this animal (āguṃ na karoti=he is faultless,etc.):see Nd<sup>1</sup> 201=Nd<sup>2</sup> 337; Th.1,693; PvA.57.-- (a) the animal D.I,49; S.I,16; II,217,222; III,85; V,351; A.II,116; III,156 sq.; Sn.543; Vv 5<sup>5</sup> (=hatthināga VvA.37); Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup>.mahā° A.IV,107,110.-- (b) fig.= hero or saint:S.II,277; III,83; M.I,151,386; Dh.320; Sn.29,53,166,421,518.Of the Buddha:Sn.522,845,1058,1101; Miln.346 (Buddha°).-- 3.The Nāga-tree (now called “iron-wood tree,” the P.meaning “fairy tree”),noted for its hard wood &#38; great masses of red flowers (=Sk.nāgakesara,mesua ferrea Lin.):see cpds.°rukkha,°puppha,°latā.<br><br> <i>--âpalokita</i> “elephant-look” (turning the whole body),a mark of the Buddhas M.I,337; cp.BSk.nāgâvalokita Divy 208; <i>--danta</i> an ivory peg or pin,also used as a hook on a wall Vin.II,117 (°ka Vin.II,114,152); J.VI,382; <i>--nāṭaka</i> snakes as actors DhA.IV,130; <i>--nāsūru</i> (f.) (woman) having thighs like an elephant’s trunk J.V,297; <i>--puppha</i> iron-wood flower Miln.283; <i>--bala</i> the strength of an elephant J.I,265; II,158; <i>--bhavana</i> the world of snakes Nd<sup>1</sup> 448; J.III,275; DhA.IV,14; <i>--māṇavaka</i> a young serpent J.III,276; f.<i>°ikā</i> ib.275; DhA.III,232; <i>--rājā</i> king of the Nāgas,i.e.serpents J.II,111; III,275; Sn.379 (Erāvaṇa,see detail SnA 368); DhA.I,359; III,231,242 sq.(Ahicchatta); IV,129 sq.(Paṇṇaka); <i>--rukkha</i> the iron-wood tree J.I,35 (cp.M Vastu II.249); <i>--latā</i>=rukkha J.I,80 (the Buddha’s toothpick made of its wood),232; DhA.II,211 (°dantakaṭṭha toothpick); <i>--vatta</i> habits of serpents Nd<sup>1</sup> 92,also adj.<i>°ika</i> ibid.89; <i>--vana</i> elephant-grove Dh.324; DhA.IV,15; <i>--vanika</i> cl.hunter M.I,175; III,132; <i>--hata</i> one who strikes the el.(viz.the Buddha) Vin.II,195.(Page 349),4,1
  7021. 284403,en,15,nagara,nagara,Nagara,Nagara,(nt.) [Ved.nagara,Non-aryan? Connection with agāra is very problematic] a stronghold,citadel,fortress; a (fortified) town,city.As seat of the government &#38; as important centre of trade contrasted with gāma &#38; nigama (village &#38; market-place or township) Vin.III,47 (°bandhana),184; cp.gāma 3 b.<i>deva°</i> deva-city JI.3,168,202; DhA.I,280 etc.; cp.yakkha° J.II,127.-- Vin.I,277,342,344; II,155,184; D.II,7; S.II,105 sq.; IV,194 (kāyassa adhivacanaṃ); V,160; A.I,168,178; IV,106 sq.(paccantima); V,194 (id.) Dh.150 (aṭṭhīnaṃ); Sn.414,1013 (Bhoga°); J.I,3,50 (Kapilavatthu°); II,5; III,188; VI,368 etc.; Pug.56; DhA.IV,2; PvA.3,39,73; Dpvs XIV.51 (+pura).Cp.nāgara.<br><br> <i>--ûpakārikā</i> a town fortified with a wall covered with cement at its base D.I,105,cp.DA.I,274; <i>--ûpama</i> like a citadel (of citta) Dh.40,cp.DhA.I,317 &#38; Nagaropama sūtra Divy 340; <i>--kathā</i> town-gossip D.I,7; <i>--guttika</i> superintendent of the city police J.III,30,436; IV,279; Miln.345 (dhammanagare n-g.),DhA.IV,55.Cp.Kern,Toev.p.167; <i>--vara</i> the noble town (of Rājagaha) Vv 16<sup>6</sup>,cp.VvA.82; <i>--vīthi</i> a city street J.II,416; <i>--sobhinī</i> the city belle,a town courtesan J.II,367 (°anā); III,435 (Sulasā),475 (°anī); DhA.I,174; II,201; PvA.4 (Sulasā); Miln.350.(Page 345),6,1
  7022. 284415,en,15,nagara,nāgara,Nāgara,Nāgara,[Sk.nāgara,see nagara] a citizen J.I,150; IV,404; V,385; Dāvs II.85; VvA.31; PvA.19; DhA.I,41.(Page 349),6,1
  7023. 284524,en,15,nagaraka,nagaraka,Nagaraka,Nagaraka,(nt.) a small city D.I,146=169,quoted J.I,391.(Page 345),8,1
  7024. 284727,en,15,nagarika,nāgarika,Nāgarika,Nāgarika,(adj.) [Sk.nāgarika] citizen-like,urbane,polite DA.I,282.(Page 349),8,1
  7025. 284952,en,15,nagga,nagga,Nagga,Nagga,(adj.) [Ved.nagna=Lat.nudus (fr.*nogǔedhos) Goth.naqaps=Ohg.naccot,Ags.nacod=naked; Oir.nocht; perhaps Gr.gumnόs] naked,nude Vin.II,121; J.I,307; Pv.I,6<sup>1</sup> (=niccola PvA.32); II,1<sup>5</sup>; 8<sup>1</sup>; PvA.68,106.<br><br> <i>--cariyā</i> going naked Dh.141; DhA.III,78; cp.Sk nagnacaryā Divy 339; <i>--bhogga</i> one whose goods are nakedness,an ascetic J.IV,160; V,75; VI,225.(Page 345),5,1
  7026. 285004,en,15,naggatta,naggatta,Naggatta,Naggatta,(nt.) [Sk.nagnatva]=naggiya nakedness PvA.106.(Page 345),8,1
  7027. 285024,en,15,naggiya,naggiya,Naggiya,Naggiya,(nt.) [Sk.*nagnyaṃ] naked state,nudity Vin.I,292,305; S.IV,300; Sn.249.(Page 345),7,1
  7028. 285028,en,15,naggiya,naggiyā,Naggiyā,Naggiyā,(adj.f.) [Sk.nagnikā]=naggā,naked Pv.II,3<sup>12</sup>.(Page 345),7,1
  7029. 285073,en,15,naha,nāha,Nāha,Nāha,(nt.) [cp.nayhati,naddha] armour J.I,358 (sabba°sannaddha).Cp.onāha.(Page 351),4,1
  7030. 285080,en,15,nahamin,nahāmin,Nahāmin,Nahāmin,(adj.-n.) [=nahāpaka; Kern,Toev.asks:should it be nahāpin?] a barber,a low-class individual Pv III,1<sup>14</sup> (=kappaka-jātika PvA.176).(Page 348),7,1
  7031. 285091,en,15,nahana,nahāna,Nahāna,Nahāna,(nt.) [Sk.snāna] bathing,a bath Vin.I,47,51= II.224; I,196 (dhuva° constant bathing),197; S.I,183; V,390 (fig.); J.I,265; PvA.50; Vism.27.<br><br> <i>--kāla</i> bathing time PvA.46; <i>--koṭṭhaka</i> bath-room DhA.III,88; <i>--garuka</i> fond of bathing Vin.I,196; <i>--cuṇṇa</i> bath powder (cp.nahāniya°) DhA.I,398; <i>--tittha</i> a shallow place for bathing DhA.I,3; III,79.(Page 348),6,1
  7032. 285143,en,15,nahaniya,nahāniya,Nahāniya,Nahāniya,(adj.) belonging to a bath,bath-; in <i>°cuṇṇa</i> bath-powder PvA.46.(Page 348),8,1
  7033. 285161,en,15,nahapaka,nahāpaka,Nahāpaka,Nahāpaka,[Sk.snāpaka,fr.Caus,nahāpeti; cp.nahāpita] a barber,bath attendant D.I,74; A.III,25; DA.I,157 (=ye nahāpenti); PvA.127 (=kappaka).(Page 348),8,1
  7034. 285172,en,15,nahapana,nahāpana,Nahāpana,Nahāpana,(nt.) bathing,washing (trs.) D.I,7,12; A.I,62,132; II,70; IV,54; It.111 (ucchādana+); VvA.305 (udakadāna+).(Page 348),8,1
  7035. 285203,en,15,nahapeti,nahāpeti,Nahāpeti,Nahāpeti,[Sk.snāpayati,Caus.of <i>nahāyati</i>] to wash,to give a bath,bathe J.I,166; PvA.49; VvA.68,305.(Page 348),8,1
  7036. 285220,en,15,nahapita,nahāpita,Nahāpita,Nahāpita,[Sk.only snāpaka (see nahāpaka); new formation fr.Caus.nahāpeti as n.ag.with <i>a-</i> theme instead of <i>ar-</i>,cp.sallakatta for sallakattar] a barber,who has also the business of preparing &#38; giving baths (cp.Ger.“bader”) a bath-attendant (see kappaka).Barbers ranked as a low class socially,and rebirth in a barber’s family was considered unfortunate.Vin.I,249 (°pubba who had formerly been a barber); D.I,225; J.I,137; II,5; III,451; IV,138 (eight kahāpaṇas as a barber’s fee); DA.I,157 (=kappaka); VvA.207 (°sālā a barber’s shop).(Page 348),8,1
  7037. 285239,en,15,naharu,nahāru,Nahāru,Nahāru, &#38; Nhāru [Sk.snāyu,Idg.<i>*snē</i> to sew,cp.Gr.nέw,nήqw,nhμa (thread); Ohg.nājan; also Gr.neu_ron (=Lat.nervus); Ags.sinu (=sinew); Ohg.senawa; Goth.nepla=Ags.n&amacremacr;dl (=needle); Oir.snātha (thread); Ohg.snuor (cord)=Ags.snōd] sinew,tendon,muscle.In the anatomy of the body n.occupies the place between <i>maṃsa</i> (flesh,soft flesh) &#38; <i>aṭṭhi</i> (bone),as is seen from ster.sequence chavi,camma,maṃsa,nahāru,aṭṭhi,aṭṭhi-miñja (e.g.at Vin.I,25; J.III,84).See also def<sup>n</sup> in detail at SnA 246 sq. &#38; KhA 47.‹-› Vin.I,25 (nh°); M.I,429 (used for bow strings); A.I,50; III,324; IV,47 sq.(°daddula),129; Kh 111.; Sn.194 (aṭṭhi°) Nd<sup>2</sup> 97 (nh°); DhA.III,118; ThA.257 (nh°); PvA.68 (aṭṭhi-camma°),80 (camma-maṃsa°); Sdhp.46,103.(Page 349),6,1
  7038. 285264,en,15,nahata,nahāta,Nahāta,Nahāta,[Sk.snāta,see nahāyati] one who has bathed Vin.II,221; J.I,266; DhA.IV,232 (°kilesatā washed off moral stain).(Page 348),6,1
  7039. 285273,en,15,nahataka,nahātaka,Nahātaka,Nahātaka,[Ved.snātaka,cp.nahāta &#38; nahāyati] “one who has bathed,” a brahmin who has finished the studies M.I,280; A.IV,144; Dh.422 (expl.at DhA.IV,232 with ref.to perfection in the Buddha’s teaching:catusaccabuddhatāya buddha); cp.Sn.521 (one who has washed away all sin),646.(Page 348),8,1
  7040. 285303,en,15,nahayati,nahāyati,Nahāyati,Nahāyati,(rarely <i>nhāyati</i>) [Ved.snāti &#38; snāyati,<i>snā</i>=Gr.nήxw (to swim),narόs,*nhreuζ (Nereid),nh_sos (island); Lat.nare (to swim); cp.also Sk.snauti,Gr.nάw,nέw; Goth.sniwan] to bathe (trs. &#38; intr.),to wash,to perform an ablution (esp.at the end of religious studentship or after the lapse of a lustrative period) Vin.II,280; J.I,265; VI,336; PvA.93.ppr.<i>nahāyanto</i> (PvA.83) &#38; <i>nahāyamāna</i> (Vin.II,105); inf.<i>nahāyituṃ</i> (Vin.I,47; PvA.144); ger.<i>nahāyitvā</i> (J.I,50; VI,367; PvA.42) &#38; <i>nahātvā</i> (J.I,265; III,277; DhA.III,88; PvA.23,62) (after mourning),82; grd.<i>nahāyitabba</i> (Vin.II,220,280).(Page 348),8,1
  7041. 285368,en,15,nahuta,nahuta,Nahuta,Nahuta,(nt.) [Sk.nayuta (m.pl.) of unknown etym.Is it the same as navuti? The corresponding v›y›h is frequent,as to meaning cp.nava 3] a vast number,a myriad Sn.677; J.I,25,83; Pv IV.1<sup>7</sup>; DhA.I,88; PvA.22,265.(Page 349),6,1
  7042. 285388,en,15,najjuha,najjuha,Najjuha,Najjuha,[Sk.dātyūha] a kind of cock or hen J.VI,528,538.(Page 345),7,1
  7043. 285434,en,15,nakha,nakha,Nakha,Nakha,[Ved.nakha,cp.Sk.aṅghri foot; Gr.o]/nuc (claw,nail),Lat.unguis=Oir.inga; Ohg.nagal=E.nail] a nail of finger or toe,a claw Vin.II,133; Sn.610 (na aṅgulīhi nakhehi vā); J.V,489 (pañcanakhā sattā five-nailed or --toed beings); Kh II.=Miln.26,cp.taca (pañcatacakaṃ); KhA 43; VvA.7 (dasa-nakhasamodhāna putting the 10 fingers together); PvA.152,192; Sdhp.104.(Page 345),5,1
  7044. 285450,en,15,nakhaka,nakhaka,Nakhaka,Nakhaka,(adj.) belonging to,consisting of or resembling a claw,in <i>hatthi°</i> like elephants’claws,Ep.of a castle (pāsāda) Vin.II,169 (Bdhgh on p.323:hatthikumbhe patiṭṭhitaṃ,evaṃ evaṅkatassa kir’etaṃ nāmaṃ) (?).(Page 345),7,1
  7045. 285505,en,15,nakhin,nakhin,Nakhin,Nakhin,(adj.) having nails J.VI,290 (tamba° with coppercoloured nails).(Page 345),6,1
  7046. 285531,en,15,nakkhatta,nakkhatta,Nakkhatta,Nakkhatta,(nt.) [Ved.nakṣatra collect.formation from naktiḥ &#38; naktā=Gr.nu/c,Lat.nox,Goth.nahts,E.night=the nightly sky,the heavenly bodies of the night,as opposed to the Sun:ādicco tapataṃ mukhaṃ Vin.I,246] the stars or constellations,a conjunction of the moon with diff.constellations,a lunar mansion or the constellations of the lunar zodiac,figuring also as Names of months &#38; determinant factors of horoscopic and other astrological observation; further a celebration of the beginning of a new month,hence any kind of festival or festivity.-- The recognised number of such lunar mansions is 27,the names of which as given in Sk.sources are the same in Pāli,with the exception of 2 variations (Assayuja for Aśvinī,Satabhisaja for Śatatāraka).Enum<sup>d</sup> at Abhp.58--60 as follows:Assayuja [Sk.Aśvinī] Bharaṇī,Kattikā,Rohiṇī,Magasiraṃ [Sk.Mṛgaśīrṣa] Addā [Sk.Ārdrā],Punabbasu,Phussa [Sk.Puṣya],Asilesā,Maghā,Pubba-phaggunī [Sk.Pūrva-phalgunī].Uttara°,Hattha,Cittā [Sk.Chaitra],Sāti [Svātī],Visākhā,Anurādhā,Jeṭṭhā,Mūlaṃ,Pubb-āsāḷha [°āṣāḍha],Uttar°,Savaṇa,Dhaniṭṭhā,Satabhisaja [Śatatāraka],Pubba-bhaddapadā,Uttara°,Revatī.-- It is to be pointed out that the Niddesa speaks of 28 N.instead of 27 (Nd<sup>1</sup> 382:aṭṭhavīsati nakkhattāni),a discrepancy which may be accounted by the fact that one N.(the Orion) bore 2 names,viz.Mṛgaśīrṣa &#38; Agrahayanī (see Plunkett,Ancient Calendars etc.p.227 sq.).-- Some of these Ns.are more familiar &#38; important than others, &#38; are mentioned more frequently,e.g.Āsāḷha (Āsālhi°) J.I,50 &#38; Uttarāsāḷha J.I,63,82; Kattikā &#38; Rohiṇī SnA 456.-- nakkhattaṃ <i>ādisati</i> to augur from the stars,to set the horoscope Nd<sup>1</sup> 382; <i>oloketi</i> to read the stars,to scan the constellations J.I,108,253; <i>ghoseti</i> to proclaim (shout out) the new month (cp.Lat.calandae fr.cālāre to call out,scil.mensem),and thereby announce the festivity to be celebrated J.I,250; n.ghuṭṭhaṃ J.I,50,433; saṅghuṭṭhaṃ PvA.73; ghositaṃ VvA.31; <i>kīḷati</i> to celebrate a (nakkhatta-) festival J.I,50,250; VvA.63; DhA.I,393 (cp.°kīḷā below).n.<i>ositaṃ</i> the festival at an end J.I,433.-- <i>nakkhatta</i> (sg.) a constellation Sn.927; collect.the stars Vv 81<sup>1</sup> (cando nparivārito).<i>nakkhattāni</i> (pl.) the stars:nakkhattānaṃ mukhaṃ chando (the moon is the most prominent of the lights of night) Th.2.143; Vin.I,246=Sn.569 (but cp.expl.at SnA 456:candayogavasena “ajja kattikā,ajja Rohiṇī” ti paññāṇato ālokakāraṇato sommabhāvato ca nakkhattānaṃ mukhaṃ cando ti vutto); D.I,10 (nakkhattānaṃ pathagamanaṃ &#38; uppatha-gamanaṃ a right or wrong course,i.e.a straight ascension or deviation of the stars or planets); II,259; III,85,90; A.IV,86; Th.2,143 (nakkhattāni namassantā bālā).<br><br> <i>--kīḷana</i>=kīḷā DhA.III,461; <i>--kīḷā</i> the celebration of a festival,making merry,taking a holiday J.I,50; ThA.137; VvA.109; <i>--ggāha</i> the seizure of a star (by a demon:see gāha),the disappearance of a planet (transit?) D.I,10 (expl.at DA.I,95 as nakkhattasa aṅgārakādi-gahasamāyoga); <i>--patha</i> “the course of the stars,” i.e.the nocturnal sky Dh.208; <i>--pada</i> a constellation Vin.II,217; <i>--pāṭhaka</i> an astrologer,soothsayer,augur Nd<sup>1</sup> 382; <i>--pīḷana</i> the failing or obscuration of a star (as a sign of death in horoscopy) DhA.I,166; -- <i>mālā</i> a garland of stars VvA.167; <i>--yoga</i> a conjunction of the planets,a constellation in its meaning for the horoscope J.I,82 253; DhA.I,174 (+tithi-karaṇa); °ṃ oloketi to set the horoscope DhA.I,166,°ṃ uggaṇhāti id.Pv III,5<sup>4</sup>.<i>--rājā</i> the king of the nakkhattas (i.e.the moon) J.III,348.(Page 344),9,1
  7047. 285657,en,15,nakula,nakula,Nakula,Nakula,[Ved.nakula,cp.nakra crocodile] a mungoose,Viverra Ichneumon A.V,289 sq.; J.II,53; VI,538; Miln.118,394.(Page 344),6,1
  7048. 285703,en,15,nala,nala,Nala,Nala, &#38; Naḷa [Ved.naḍa &#38; Sk.naḷa,with dial.ḍ(ḷ) for *narda,cp.Gr.naρdhc] a species of reed; reed in general Vin.IV,35; A.II,73; Dh.337; Nd<sup>2</sup> 680II; J.I,223; IV,141,396 (n.va chinno); Pv.I,11<sup>6</sup> (id.); DhA.III,156; IV,43.See also nāḷa,nāḷī &#38; nāḷikā.<br><br> <i>--âgāra</i> a house built of reeds S.I,156; IV,185 (+tiṇāgāra); A.I,101 (+tiṇāgāra); Nd<sup>2</sup> 40<sup>d</sup> (id.),Miln.245; cp.AvŚ Index II.228 (naḍāgāra); <i>--aggi</i> a fire of reeds J.VI,100 (°vaṇṇaṃ pabbataṃ); <i>--kalāpī</i> a bundle of r.S.II,114; <i>--kāra</i> a worker in reeds,basket-maker; D.I,51 (+pesakāra &#38; kumbhakāra); J.V,291; ThA.28; PvA.175 (+vilīvakāra); DhA.I,177; <i>--daṇḍaka</i> a shaft of r.J.I,170; <i>--maya</i> made of r.Vin.II,115; <i>--vana</i> a thicket of reeds J.IV,140; Miln.342; <i>--sannibha</i> reedcoloured J.VI,537 (Com.:naḷa-puppha-vaṇṇa rukkhasunakha); <i>--setu</i> a bridge of reeds Sn.4.(Page 347),4,1
  7049. 285722,en,15,nala,nāla,Nāla,Nāla, &#38; Nāḷa (nt.) [Sk.nāla,see nala] a hollow stalk,esp.that of the water lily A.IV,169; J.I,392 (°pana v.l.°vana); VvA.43.See also nāḷikā &#38; nālī.(Page 350),4,1
  7050. 285891,en,15,nalam,nālaṃ,Nālaṃ,Nālaṃ,(adv.) [=na alaṃ] not enough,insufficient It.37; J.I,190; DA.I,167.(Page 350),5,1
  7051. 285952,en,15,nalapin,naḷapin,Naḷapin,Naḷapin,a water-animal J.VI,537.(Page 347),7,1
  7052. 285976,en,15,nalata,nalāṭa,Nalāṭa,Nalāṭa,(nt.) [Ved.lalāṭa=rarāṭa; on n›l cp.naṅgala] the forehead S.I,118; J.III,393; IV,417 (nalāṭena maccuṃ ādāya:by his forelock); Vism.185; DhA.I,253. <i>--anta</i> the side of the forehead J.VI,331; <i>--maṇḍala</i> the round of the f.D.I,106; Sn.p.108.(Page 347),6,1
  7053. 286017,en,15,nalatika,nalāṭikā,Nalāṭikā,Nalāṭikā,(f.) [Sk.lalāṭikā] “belonging to the forehead,” a frown Vin.II,10 (nalāṭikaṃ deti to give a frown).(Page 348),8,1
  7054. 286052,en,15,nali,nāḷī,Nāḷī,Nāḷī,(f.) &#38; (in cpds.) nāḷi [Sk.nāḍī,see nala] a hollow stalk,tube,pipe; also a measure of capacity Vin.I,249; A.III,49; J.I,98 (suvaṇṇa°),124 (taṇḍula°),419; III,220 (kaṇḍa° a quiver); IV,67; DhA.II,193 (tela°),257.Cp.pa°.<br><br> <i>--paṭṭa</i> a covering for the head,a cap J.VI,370,444 (text °vaṭṭa); <i>--matta</i> as much as a tube holds A.II,199; PvA.283; DhA.II,70; J.I,419 (of aja-laṇḍikā).(Page 350),4,1
  7055. 286069,en,15,nalika,nāḷikā,Nāḷikā,Nāḷikā,(f.) [Sk.nāḍikā &#38; nālikā] a stalk,shaft; a tube,pipe or cylinder for holding anything; a small measure of capacity Vin.II,116 (sūci°,cp.sūcighara,needle-case); D.I,7 (=bhesajja° DA.I,89); A.I,210; J.I,123 (taṇḍula° a nāḷi full of rice); VI,366 (aḍḍha-n-matta); Nd<sup>2</sup> 229.Cp.pa°.<br><br> <i>--odana</i> a nāḷi measure of boiled rice S.I,82; DhA.IV,17; <i>--gabbha</i> an (inner) room of tubular shape Vin.II,152.(Page 350),6,1
  7056. 286098,en,15,nalikera,nāḷikera,Nāḷikera,Nāḷikera,[Sk.nārikera,nārikela,nalikera,nālikela:dialect,of uncertain etym.] the coconut tree Vv 44<sup>13</sup>; J.IV,159; V,384; DA.I,83; VvA.162.(Page 350),8,1
  7057. 286149,en,15,nalikerika,nāḷikerika,Nāḷikerika,Nāḷikerika,(adj.) belonging to the coconut tree J.V,417.(Page 350),10,1
  7058. 286192,en,15,nalini,nalinī,Nalinī,Nalinī,(f.) [Sk.nalinī] a pond J.IV,90; Vism.84,17.(Page 348),6,1
  7059. 286269,en,15,nama,nāma,Nāma,Nāma,(nt.) [Vedic nāman,cp.Gr.o]/noma (a)n-w/numos without name]; Lat.nomen; Goth.namō; Ags.noma,Ohg.namo] name.-- 1.Literal.Nom.nāmaṃ S.I,39; Sn.808; J.II,131; Miln.27; Acc.nāmaṃ PvA.145 (likhi:he wrote her name).-- nāmaṃ karoti to give a name Sn.344; Nd<sup>2</sup> 466 (n’etaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ on “Bhagavā”); J.I,203,262 (w.double Acc.).-- nāmaṃ gaṇhāti to call by name,to enumerate J.IV,402; PvA.18 (v.l.BB nāmato g.).Definitions at Vin.IV,6 (two kinds hīna° &#38; ukkatṭha°) and at Vism.528 (=namanalakkhaṇa).-- 2.Specified.nāma as metaphysical term is opposed to <i>rūpa</i>, &#38; comprises the 4 immaterial factors of an individual (arūpino khandhā,viz.vedanā saññā saṅkhāra viññāṇa; see khandha II.B<sup>a</sup>).These as the noëtic principle comb<sup>d</sup> with the material principle make up the individual as it is distinguished by “name &#38; body” from other individuals.Thus nāmarūpa= individuality,individual being.These two are inseparable (aññamaññûpanissitā ete dhammā,ekato va uppajjanti Miln.49).S.I,35 (yattha n.ca rūpañ ca asesaṃ uparujjhati taṃ te dhammaṃ idh’aññāya acchiduṃ bhavabandhanaṃ); Sn.1036,1100; Nd<sup>1</sup> 435=Nd<sup>2</sup> 339 (nāma=cattāro arūpino khandhā); DhA.IV,100 (on Dh.367):vedanādīnaṃ catunnaṃ rūpakkhandhassa cā ti pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ vasena pavattaṃ nāmarūpaṃ; DhsA.52:nāmarūpa-duke nāmakaraṇaṭṭhena nāmaṭṭhena namanaṭṭhena ca nāmaṃ ruppanaṭṭhena rūpaṃ.Cp.D.I,223; II,32,34,56,62; S.I,12 (taṇhā nrūpe),23 (n-rūpasmiṃ asajjamāna); II,3,4,66 (nrūpassa avakkanti),101 sq.(id.); M.I,53; A.I,83,176; III,400; IV,385 (°ārammaṇa); V,51,56; Sn.355,537,756,909; Dh.367; It.35; Ps.I,193; II,72,112 sq.; Vbh.294; Nett 15 sq.,28,69; Miln.46.Nāma+rūpa form an elementary pair D.III,212; Kh IV.Also in the Paṭicca-samuppāda (q.v.),where it is said to be caused (conditioned) by viññāṇa &#38; to cause saḷāyatana (the 6 senses),D.II,34; Vin.I,1 sq.; S.II,6 sq.; Sn.872 (nāmañ ca rūpañca paṭicca phassā; see in detail expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 276).Synonymous with nāmarūpa is <i>nāmakāya:</i> Sn.1074; Nd<sup>2</sup> 338; Ps.I,183; Nett 27,41,69,77.‹-› In this connection to be mentioned are var.definitions of nāma as the principle or distinguishing mark (“label”) of the individual,given by Com<sup>s</sup>,e.g.Nd<sup>1</sup> 109,127; KhA 78; with which cp.Bdhgh’s speculation concerning the connotation of nāma mentioned by Mrs.Rh.D.at Dhs.trsl.p.341.-- 3.Use of Cases.Instr.<i>nāmena</i> by name PvA.1 (Petavatthū ti n.); Mhvs VII.32 (Sirīsavatthu n.).-- Acc.<i>nāma</i> (the older form,cp.Sk.nāma) by name S.I,33,235 (Anoma°); Sn.153,177; J.I,59 (ko nām’esa “who by name is this one”=what is his name),149 (nāmena Nigrodhamigarājā n.),203 (kiṃsaddo nāma esa); II,4; III,187; VI,364 (kā nāma tvaṃ).See also evaṃnāma,kinnāma; &#38; cp.the foll.-- 4.<i>nāma</i> (Acc.) as adv.is used as emphatic particle=just,indeed,for sure,certainly J.I,222; II,133,160,326; III,90; PvA.6,13,63 etc.Therefore freq.in exclamation &#38; exhortation (“please,” certainly) J.VI,367; DhA.III,171; PvA.29 (n.detha do give); in comb<sup>n</sup> with interr.pron.=now,then J.I,221 (kiṃ n.),266 (kathaṃ n.); III,55 (kiṃ); Kh IV.(ekaṃ n.kiṃ); with neg.=not at all,certainly not J.I,222; II,352; III,126 etc.-- Often further emphasised or emphasising other part.; e.g.<i>pi</i> (=api) <i>nāma</i> really,just so Vin.I,16 (seyyathā p.n.); Sn.p.15 (id.); VvA.22 (read nāma kāro); PvA.76; <i>app’</i>(=api) <i>eva n</i>.thus indeed,forsooth Vin.I,16; It.89=M.I,460; J.I,168; Pv.II,2<sup>6</sup> (=<i>api nāma</i> PvA.80); <i>eva nāma</i> in truth PvA.2; <i>nāma tāva</i> certainly DhA.I,392,etc.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> giving a name,naming,denomination Dhs.1306; Bdhd 83; <i>--karaṇa</i> name-giving,“christening” DhA.II,87; <i>--gahaṇa</i> receiving a name,“being christened” J.I,262 (°divasa) <i>--gotta</i> ancestry,lineage S.I,43 (°ṃ na jīrati); Sn.648,Nd<sup>2</sup> 385 (mātāpettikaṃ n.); <i>--dheyya</i> assigning a name,name-giving J.III,305; IV,449; V,496; Dhs.1306.<i>--pada</i> see pada.<i>--matta</i> a mere name Miln.25.(Page 350),4,1
  7060. 286354,en,15,namaka,nāmaka,Nāmaka,Nāmaka,(adj.) [fr.nāma] 1.(-°) by name S.II,282 (Thera°); PvA.67,96 (kaṇha°).-- 2.consisting of a mere name,i.e.mere talk,nonsense,ridiculous D.I,240.(Page 350),6,1
  7061. 286442,en,15,namana,namana,Namana,Namana,(nt.) [a philosophical term constructed by Bdhgh.from nāma,cp.ruppana-rūpa] naming,giving a name KhA 78; DhsA.52 (see nāma<sup>2</sup>); Vism.528.(Page 347),6,1
  7062. 286445,en,15,namana,namanā,Namanā,Namanā,(f.) [abstr.to namati,cp.Sk.namana nt.] bent,application,industry Vbh.352.(Page 347),6,1
  7063. 286662,en,15,namassana,namassana,Namassana,Namassana,(nt.) (?) veneration J.I,1.(Page 347),9,1
  7064. 286699,en,15,namassati,namassati,Namassati,Namassati,[Ved.namasyati,denom.fr.namo] to pay honour to,to venerate,honour,do homage to (often with pañjalika &#38; añjaliṃ katvā) Sn.236,485,598,1058,1063; Nd<sup>2</sup> 334; J.III,83; Pv.II,12<sup>20</sup>; KhA 196; pot.namasseyya It.110; Dh.392,1st pl.namassemu Sn.995; ppr.namassaṃ Sn.334,934; namassanto SnA 565, &#38; (usually) namassamāna Sn.192,1142; Nd<sup>1</sup> 400; J.II,73; VvA.7.-- aor.<i>namassiṃsu</i> Sn.287.-- ger.<i>namassitvā</i> J.I,1.-- grd.(as adj.) <i>namassaniya</i> (venerable),Miln.278.(Page 347),9,1
  7065. 286751,en,15,namassiya,namassiyā,Namassiyā,Namassiyā,(namassā) (f.) [Sk.namasyā] worship,veneration Miln.140.(Page 347),9,1
  7066. 286759,en,15,namataka,namataka,Namataka,Namataka,(nt.) [word &#38; etym.doubtful; cp.nantaka &#38; Bdhgh.Vin.II,317:matakan (sic) ti satthakavedhanakaṃ (=veṭhanakaṃ) pilotikakhaṇḍaṃ] a piece of cloth Vin.II,115 (satthaka),123,267 (°ṃ dhāreti).(Page 347),8,1
  7067. 286771,en,15,namati,namati,Namati,Namati,[Ved.namati,Idg.<i>*nem</i> to bend; also to share out,cp.Gr.nέmw,Goth.niman=Ger.nehmen.See cognates in Walde Loc.cit.under nemus] to bend,bend down (trs. &#38; Instr.) direct,apply S.I,137 (cittaṃ); Sn.806; J.I,61 (aor.nami,cittaṃ).-- Caus.<i>nameti</i> (not nāmeti,Fsb.to Sn.1143 nāmenti,which is to be corrected to n’âpenti) to bend,to wield Dh.80=145 (namayati).As <i>nāmeti</i> at J.VI,349.pp.<i>namita</i> (q.v.).(Page 347),6,1
  7068. 286825,en,15,nameti,nāmeti,Nāmeti,Nāmeti,at Sn.1143 (Fsb.) is to be read as nâpenti.Otherwise see under namati.(Page 350),6,1
  7069. 286857,en,15,namita,namita,Namita,Namita,[pp.nameti] bent on,disposed to (-°),able or capable of J.III,392 (pabbajjāya-namita-citta); Miln.308 (phalabhāra°).(Page 347),6,1
  7070. 286898,en,15,namo,namo,Namo,Namo,(nt.) &#38; Nama (nt.) [Ved.namas,cp.Av.n∂mo prayer; Gr.nέmos,Lat.nemus (see namati)] nomage,veneration,esp.used as an exclamation of adoration at the beginning of a book (namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa) Sn.540,544; PvA.1,67.(Page 347),4,1
  7071. 286912,en,15,namuci,namuci,Namuci,Namuci,(Np.) a name of Māra.(Page 347),6,1
  7072. 286936,en,15,nana,ñāṇa,Ñāṇa,Ñāṇa,(nt.) [from jānāti.See also jānana.*genē,as in Gr.gnώ--sis (cp.gnostic),gnw/mh; Lat.(co)gnitio; Goth.kunpi; Ogh.kunst; E.knowledge] knowledge,intelligence,insight,conviction,recognition,opp.añāṇa &#38; avijjā,lack of k.or ignorance.-- 1.Ñāṇa in the theory of cognition:it occurs in intensive couple-compounds with terms of sight as cakkhu (eye) &#38; dassana (sight,view),e.g.in cakkhu-karaṇa ñāṇa-karaṇa “opening our eyes &#38; thus producing knowledge” i.e.giving us the eye of knowledge (a mental eye) (see cakkhu,jānāti passati, &#38; cpd.°karaṇa):Bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti passaṃ passati cakkhu-bhūto ñāṇa-bhūto (=he is one perfected in knowledge) M.I,111=Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>3h</sup>; natthi hetu natthi paccayo ñāṇāya dassanāya ahetu apaccayo ñāṇaṃ dassanaṃ hoti “through seeing &#38; knowing,” i.e.on grounds of definite knowledge arises the sure conviction that where there is no cause there is no consequence S.V,126.Cp.also the relation of diṭṭhi to ñāṇa.This implies that all things visible are knowable as well as that all our knowledge is based on empirical grounds; yāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>3m</sup>; yaṃ ñāṇaṃ taṃ dassanaṃ,yaṃ dassanaṃ taṃ ñāṇaṃ Vin.III,91; ñāṇa+dassana (i.e.full vision) as one of the characteristics of Arahantship:see arahant II.D.Cp.BSk.jñānadarśana,e.g.AvŚ I.210.-- 2.Scope and character of ñāṇa:ñ.as faculty of understanding is included in paññā (cp.wisdom=perfected knowledge).The latter signifies the spiritual wisdom which embraces the fundamental truths of morality &#38; conviction (such as aniccaṃ anattā dukkhaṃ:Miln.42); whereas ñ.is relative to common experience (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>3</sup> under cakkhumā, &#38; on rel.of p. &#38; ñ.Ps.I,59 sq.; 118 sq.; II,189 sq.).-- Perception (saññā) is necessary to the forming of ñāṇa,it precedes it (D.I,185); as sure knowledge ñ.is preferable to saddhā (S.IV,298); at Vin.III,91 the definition of ñ.is given with tisso vijjā (3 kinds of knowledge); they are specified at Nd<sup>2</sup> 266 as aṭṭhasamāpatti-ñāṇa (consisting in the 8 attainments,viz.jhāna &#38; its 4 succeeding developments),pañc’abhiññā° (the 5 higher knowledges,see paññā &#38; abhi°),micchā° (false k.or heresy).Three degrees of k.are distinguished at DA.I,100,viz.sāvaka-pāramī-ñāṇa,paccekabuddha°,sabbaññuta° (highest k.of a relig.student,k.of a wise man, &#38; omniscience).Four objects of k.(as objects of truth or sammādiṭṭhi) are enum<sup>d</sup> as dhamme ñāṇaṃ,anvaye ñ.,paricchede ñ.,sammuti ñ.at D.III,226,277; other four as dukkhe ñ.(dukkha-) samudaye ñ.,nirodhe ñ.,magge ñ.(i.e.the knowledge of the paṭicca-samuppāda) at D.III,227; Ps.I,118; Vbh.235 (=sammādiṭṭhi).Right knowledge (or truth) is contrasted with false k.(micchā-ñāṇa=micchādiṭṭhi):S.V,384; M.II,29; A.II,222; V,327; Vbh.392.‹-› 3.Ñāṇa in application:(a) Vin.I,35; D.II,155 (opp.pasāda); S.I,129 (cittamhi susamāhite ñāṇamhi vuttamānamhi); II,60 (jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇan ti ñ.; see ñ-vatthu); A.I,219 (on precedence of either samādhi or ñ.); Sn.378,789,987 (muddhani ñāṇaṃ tassa na vijjati),1078 (diṭṭhi,suti,ñ.:doctrine,revelation,personal knowledge,i.e.intelligence; differently expl.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 266),1113; Pv III,5<sup>1</sup> (Sugatassa ñ.is asādhāraṇaṃ) Ps.I,194 sq.; II,244; Vbh.306 sq.(ñ-vibhaṅga),328 sq.(kammassakataṃ ñ.); Nett 15 sq.; 161 (+ñeyya),191 (id.).-- (b) ñāṇaṃ hoti or uppajjati knowledge comes to (him) i.e.to reason,to arrive at a conclusion (with iti=that ...) S.II,124=III,28 (uppajjati); D.III,278 (id.); A.II,211≈; IV,75; V,195; S.III,154.See also arahant II.D.-- (c) Var.attributes of ñ.:anuttariya A.V,37; aparapaccayā (k.of the non-effect of causation through lack of cause) S.II,17,78; III,135; V,179,422 sq.(=sammādiṭṭhi),same as ahetu-ñāṇa S.V,126; asādhāraṇa (incomparable,uncommon k.) A.III,441; PvA.197; akuppa D.III,273; ariya A.III,451; pariyodāta S.I,198; bhiyyosomatta S.III,112; yathā bhūtaṃ (proper,definite,right k.) (concerning kāya,etc.) S.V,144; A.III,420; V,37.-- (d) knowledge of,about or concerning,consisting in or belonging to,is expressed either by Loc.or --° (equal to subj.or obj.Gen.).-- (a) with Loc.:anuppāde ñ.D.III,214,274; anvaye D.III,226,277; kāye D.III,274; khaye D.III,214,220 (āsavānaṃ; cp.M.I,23,183,348; II,38),275; S.II,30; Nett 15; cutûpapāte D.III,111,220; dukkhe (etc.) D IIII,227; S.II,4; V,8,430; dhamme D.III,226; S.II,58; nibbāne S.II,124 (cp.IV.86).-- (b) as --°:<i>anāvaraṇa°</i> DA.I,100; ariya S.I,228; A.III,451; khanti Ps.I,106; jātissara J.I,167; cutûpapāta M.I,22,183,347; II,38,etc.; ceto-pariya D.III,100, &#38; °pariyāya S.V,160; dibbacakkhu Ps.I,114; dhammaṭṭhiti S.II,60,124; Ps.I,50; nibbidā Ps.I,195; pubbe-nivāsânusati M.I,22,248,347; II,38,etc.; Buddha° Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>3</sup>; Ps.I,133; II,31,195; DA.I,100; sabbaññuta Ps.I,131 sq.; DA.I,99 sq.; PvA.197; sekha S.II,43,58,80, &#38; asekha S.III,83.-- (e) aññāṇa wrong k.,false view,ignorance,untruth S.I,181; II,92; III,258 sq.; V,126; A.II,11; Sn.347,839; Ps.I,80; Pug.21; Dhs.390,1061; see avijjā &#38; micchādiṭṭhi.<br><br> <i>--indriya</i> the faculty of cognition or understanding Dhs.157; <i>--ûpapanna</i> endowed with k.Sn.1077 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 266<sup>b</sup> °upeta); <i>--karaṇa</i> (adj.) giving (right) understanding,enlightening,in comb<sup>n</sup> w.cakkhukaraṇa (giving (in)--sight,cp.“your eyes shall be opened and ye shall be knowing good and evil” Gen.3<sup>5</sup>):kusalavitakkā anandha-karaṇā cakkhu° ñāṇa° It.82; f.--ī (of majjhimā-paṭipadā) S.IV,331; <i>--cakkhu</i> the eye of k.PvA.166; <i>--jāla</i> the net of k.,in phrase ñāṇajālassa anto paviṭṭha coming within the net,i.e.into the range of one’s intelligence or mental eye (clear sight) DhA.I,26; II,37,58,96; III,171,193; IV,61; VvA.63; <i>--dassana</i> “knowing and seeing,” “clear sight,” i.e.perfect knowledge; having a vision of truth,i.e.recognition of truth,philosophy,(right) theory of life,all-comprising knowledge.Defined as tisso vijjā (see above 2) at Vin.IV,26; fully discussed at DA.I,220,cp.also def.at Ps.II,244.-- Vin.II,178.(parisuddha°;+ājīva,dhammadesanā,veyyākaraṇa); III,90 sq.; V,164,197; D.I,76≈(following after the jhānas as the first step of paññā,see paññā-sampadā); III,134,222 (°paṭilābha),288 (°visuddhi); M.I,195 sq.; 202 sq.,482; II,9,31; Nett 17,18,28; see also vimutti°; <i>--dassin</i> one who possesses perfect k.Sn.478; <i>--patha</i> the path of k.Sn.868; <i>--phusanā</i> experience,gaining of k.DhA.I,230; <i>--bandhu</i> an associate or friend of k.Sn.911; <i>--bhūta</i> in comb” w.cakkhubhūta,having become seeing &#38; knowing,i.e.being wise S.II,255; IV,94; A.V,226 sq.; <i>--vatthūni</i> (pl.) the objects or items of (right) knowledge which means k.of the paṭiccasamuppāda or causal connection of phenomena.As 44 (i.e.4 X 11,all constituents except avijjā,in analogy to the 4 parts of the ariyasaccāni) S.II,56 sq.,as 77 (7 X 11) S.II,59 sq.; discussed in extenso at Vbh.306--344 (called ñāṇavatthu); <i>--vāda</i> talk about (the attainment of supreme) knowledge D.III,13 sq.; A.V,42 sq.; <i>--vippayutta</i> disconnected with k.Dhs.147,157,270; <i>--vimokkha</i> emancipation through k.Ps.II,36,42; <i>--visesa</i> distinction of k.,superior k.PvA.196; <i>--sampayutta</i> associated with k.Dhs.1,147,157,etc.; Vbh.169 sq.,184,285 sq.,414 sq.(Page 287),4,1
  7073. 286952,en,15,nana,nānā,Nānā,Nānā,(adv.) [Ved.nānā,a redupl.nā (emphatic particle,see na<sup>1</sup>) “so and so,” i.e.various,of all kinds] variously,differently.1.(abs.) A.I,138 (on different sides,viz.right ; left); Sn.878 (=na ekaṃ SnA 554;=vividhaṃ aññoññaṃ puthu na ekaṃ Nd<sup>1</sup> 285),884 sq.-- 2.more frequently in cpds.,as first part of adj.or n.where it may be trsl<sup>d</sup> as “different,divers,all kinds of” etc.Before a double cons.the final ā is shortened:nānagga (for nānā+agga),nānappakāra etc.see below.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> (-rasa) all the choicest delicacies J.I,266 (°bhojana,of food); VI,366; PvA.155 (°dibbabhojana); <i>--âdhimuttikatā</i> diversity of dispositions DA.I,44; Nett 98; <i>--āvudhā</i> (pl.) various weapons J.I,150; <i>--karaṇa</i> difference,diversity Vin.I,339 (saṅgha°); M.II,128; cp.Divy 222; <i>--gotta</i> of all kinds of descent Pv.II,9<sup>16</sup>; <i>--citta</i> of varying mind J.I,295 (itthiyo); <i>--jana</i> all kinds of folk Sn.1102; Nd<sup>1</sup> 308 (puthu°); <i>--titthiya</i> of var.sects D.III,16 sq.; <i>--pakkāra</i> various,manifold J.I,52 (sakuṇā),127,278 (phalāni); DAI.148 (āvudhā); PvA.50,123,135; <i>--ratta</i> multi-coloured Sn.287; J.VI,230; <i>--rasā</i> (pl.) all kinds of dainties Pv.II,9<sup>11</sup>; <i>--vāda</i> difference of opinion D.I,236; <i>--vidha</i> divers,various,motley PvA.53,96,113,and passim; <i>--saṃvāsaka</i> living in a different part,or living apart Vin.I,134 sq.(opp.samāna°),321; II,162.(Page 349),4,1
  7074. 287758,en,15,nanandar,nanandar,Nanandar,Nanandar,(f.) [Sk.nanāndṛ &#38; nanāndā,to nanā “mother”] husband’s sister J.V,269 (=sāmikassa bhaginī p.275).(Page 346),8,1
  7075. 288438,en,15,nanatta,nānatta,Nānatta,Nānatta,(nt.m.) [Sk.nānatva; abstr.fr.nānā] diversity,variety,manifoldness,multiformity,distraction; all sorts of (opp.ekatta,cp.M.I,364:“the multiformity of sensuous impressions,” M.A.).Enum<sup>n</sup> of diversity as nānattā,viz.dhātu° phassa° vedanā° saññā° saṅkappa° chanda° pariḷāha° pariyesanā° lābha° D.III,289; S.II,140 sq.,cp.IV.113 sq.,284 sq.; Ps.I,87.-- A.IV,385; Ps.I,63 sq.,88 sq.; S.II,115 (vedanā°); Ps.I,91 (samāpatti° &#38; vihāra°); J.II,265.In composition,substituted sometimes for <i>nāna</i>.Cp.Dialogues I.14,n.2.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> desultory talk,gossip D.I,8; (=niratthakakathā DA.I,90); S.V,420; <i>--kāya</i> (adj.) having a variety of bodies or bodily states (comb<sup>d</sup> with or opp.to ekatta°,nānatta-saññin, &#38; ekatta-saññin),appl.to manussā,devā,vinipātikā (cp.nava sattâvāsā) A.IV,39 sq.=Nd<sup>2</sup> 570<sup>2</sup>; D.III,253,263,282; <i>--saññā</i> consciousness of diversity (Rh.D.:“idea of multiformity,” Dial.II.119; Mrs.Rh.D.“consciousness of the manifold”) M.I,3; S.IV,113 sq.; D.III,224,262 sq.,282; A.I,41,267; II,184; III,306; Ps.II,172; Dhs.265 (cp.trsl.p.72); Vbh.342,369; <i>--saññin</i> having a varying consciousness (cp.°kāya),D.I,31 (cp.DA.I,119) 183; III,263.(Page 349),7,1
  7076. 288521,en,15,nanattata,nānattatā,Nānattatā,Nānattatā,(f.) [2nd abstr.to nānā]=nānatta,diversity (of states of mind).Seven sorts at Vbh.425:ārammaṇa° manasikāra° chanda° paṇidha° adhimokkha° abhinīhāra° paññā°.(Page 349),9,1
  7077. 288860,en,15,nanda,nanda,Nanda,Nanda,at Pv.II,6<sup>7</sup> used either as interj.(=nanu,q.v.) or as Voc.in the sense of “dear”; the first expl<sup>n</sup> to be preferred &#38; n.probably to be read as nanu (v.l.nuna) or <i>handa</i> (in which case nanu would be gloss).(Page 346),5,1
  7078. 288888,en,15,nandaka,nandaka,Nandaka,Nandaka,(adj.) [Sk.<i>nandikā</i>] giving pleasure,pleasing,full of joy; f.<i>nandikā</i> J.IV,396 (+khiḍḍā),either as adj.or f.abstr.pleasure,rejoicing (=abhindandanā Com.).(Page 346),7,1
  7079. 288957,en,15,nandana,nandanā,Nandanā,Nandanā,(f.) [Sk.nandanā] rejoicing,delight,pleasure S.I,6=Sn.33.(Page 346),7,1
  7080. 289044,en,15,nandati,nandati,Nandati,Nandati,[Ved.nandati,<i>nand=nad</i> (cp.vind›vid etc.) orig.to utter sounds of joy] to be glad,to rejoice,find delight in,be proud of (c.Instr.) S.I,110; A.IV,94 sq.; Sn.33; Dh.18.-- Caus.<i>nandeti</i> to please,to do a favour J.IV,107 (nandaya=tosehi Com.); PvA.139 (=toseti).-- ppr.nandayanto J.VI,588.-- Cp.ānandati.(Page 346),7,1
  7081. 289084,en,15,nandha,nandha,Nandha,Nandha,see yuga°.(Page 346),6,1
  7082. 289089,en,15,nandhati,nandhati,Nandhati,Nandhati,[for nayhati,der.fr.naddha after analogy of baddha›bandhati] meaning not so much “to bind” as “to cover”:see apiḷandhati,upanandhati,onandhati,pariyonandhati.(Page 346),8,1
  7083. 289097,en,15,nandhi,nandhi,Nandhi,Nandhi,(f.) (usually spelt nandi) [Sk.naddhrī to naddha,pp.of <em>nah</em> to bind] a strap,thong J.I,175 (rathassa cammañ ca nandiñ ca); Sn.622=Dh.398 (+varatta); SnA 400; DhA.I,44,IV.160.(Page 346),6,1
  7084. 289108,en,15,nandi,nandi,Nandi,Nandi,<sup>2</sup> =nandhi.(Page 346),5,1
  7085. 289109,en,15,nandi,nandi,Nandi,Nandi,<sup>1</sup> &#38; (freq.) Nandī (f.) [Sk.nandi,but cp.BSk.nandī Divy 37] 1.joy,enjoyment,pleasure,delight in (c.Loc.) S.I,16,39,54; II,101 sq.(āhāre); III,14 (=upādāna); IV,36 sq.; A.II,10 (kāma°,bhava°,diṭṭhi°),III,246; IV,423 sq.(dhamma°); Sn.1055 (+nivesana); Nd<sup>2</sup> 330 (=taṇhā); Pug.57; Dhs.1059≈(in def.of taṇhā); Vbh.145,356,361; DhsA.363; ThA.65,167.-- For nandī at Miln.289 read tandī.-- 2.a musical instrument:joy-drum [Sk.nandī] Vin.III,108 (=vijayabheri).Cp.ā°.<br><br> <i>--(y)āvatta</i> “turning auspiciously” (i.e.turning to the right:see dakkhiṇāvatta),auspicious,good Nett 2,4,7,113 (always attr.of naya); <i>--ûpasecana</i> (rāgasalla) sprinkled over with joy,having joy as its sauce Nett 116,117; cp.maṃsûpasecana (odana) J.III,144=VI,24; <i>--kkhaya</i> the destruction of (finding) delight S.III,51; <i>--(ṃ)jaha</i> giving up or abandoning joy Sn.1101 (+okañjaha &#38; kappañjaha); Nd<sup>2</sup> 331; <i>--bhava</i> existence of joy,being full of joy,in °parikkhīṇa one in whom joy is extinct (i.e.an Arahant),expl<sup>d</sup> however by Com.as one who has rid himself of the craving for rebirth (tīsu bhavesu parikkhīnataṇha DhA.IV,192=SnA 469) S.I,2,53; Sn.175,637=Dh.413; <i>--mukhī</i> (adj.-f.) “joyfaced,” showing a merry face,Ep.of the night (esp.the eve of the uposatha) Vin.I,288 (ratti); II,236 (id.); <i>--rāga</i> pleasure &#38; lust,passionate delight S.II,227; III,51; IV,142,174,180; M.I,145; Dhs.1059≈,1136; esp.as attr.of taṇhā in phrase n-r-sahagata-taṇhā (cp.M Vastu III,332:nandīrāgasahagatā tṛṣṇā) Vin.I,10; S.III,158; V,425 sq.; Ps.II,137; Nett 72; <i>--saṃyojana</i> the fetter of finding delight in anything Sn.1109,1115; Nd<sup>2</sup> 332; <i>--samudaya</i> the rise or origin of delight M.III,267.(Page 346),5,1
  7086. 289189,en,15,nandin,nandin,Nandin,Nandin,(adj.) [Sk.nandin] finding or giving delight,delighting in,pleasurable,gladdening S.II,53 (vedanā); A.II,59,61; It.112.(Page 346),6,1
  7087. 289333,en,15,nangala,naṅgala,Naṅgala,Naṅgala,(nt.) [Ved.lāṅgala; naṅgala by dissimilation through subsequent nasal,cp.Milinda›Menandros.Etym.unknown,prob.dialectical (already in RV IV.57<sup>4</sup>),because unconnected with other Aryan words for plough.Cp.Balūčī naṅgār] a plough S.I,115; III,155; A.III,64; Sn.77 (yuga° yoke &#38; plough); Sn.p.13; J.I,57; Th.2,441 (=sīra ThA.270); SnA 146; VvA.63,65; PvA.133 (dun° hard to plough); DhA.I,223 (aya°); III,67 (id.).<br><br> <i>--īsā</i> the beam of a plough S.I,104 (of an elephant’s trunk); <i>--kaṭṭhakaraṇa</i> ploughing S.V,146=J.II,59; <i>--phāla</i> [mod.Ind.phār] ploughshare (to be understood as Dvandva) DhA.I,395.(Page 345),7,1
  7088. 289419,en,15,nangalin,naṅgalin,Naṅgalin,Naṅgalin,(adj.-n.) having or using a plough,ploughman,in mukha° “using the mouth as plough” Th.1,101 (maulvergnügt,Neumann) (Mrs.Rh.D.harsh of speech).(Page 345),8,1
  7089. 289431,en,15,nangula,naṅgula,Naṅgula,Naṅgula,(nt.) [Sk.Lāṅg &#38; uhacekmacr; la to laṅga &#38; lagati (q.v.).cp.Gr.laggάzw,Lat.langueo] a tail Th.1,113=601 (go°).(Page 345),7,1
  7090. 289444,en,15,nanguttha,naṅguṭṭha,Naṅguṭṭha,Naṅguṭṭha,(nt.) [dial.for *naṅgūlya›*naṅguḷhya?]= naṅgula A.II,245; J.I,194 (of a bull); II,19 (of an elephant); III,16 (sūci°),480 (panther); IV,256 (of a deer); DhA.I,275 (of a fish); II,64.(Page 345),9,1
  7091. 289479,en,15,nanika,ñāṇika,Ñāṇika,Ñāṇika,(adj.) in pañca° having five truths (of samādhi) D.III,278.(Page 288),6,1
  7092. 289483,en,15,nanikama,nanikāma,Nanikāma,Nanikāma,(adj.) [na+nikāma=anikāma] disagreeable,unpleasant Dh.309 (°seyyā an uncomfortable bed).(Page 346),8,1
  7093. 289490,en,15,nanin,ñāṇin,Ñāṇin,Ñāṇin,(adj.) knowing,one who is possessed of (right) knowledge S.II,169; A.II,89 (sammā°); IV,340.-- <i>aññāṇin</i> not knowing,unaware VvA.76.(Page 288),5,1
  7094. 289516,en,15,nantaka,nantaka,Nantaka,Nantaka,(nt.) [a contamination of namataka (Kern,Toev.p.169),maybe Sk.naktaka “cover for nakedness” (Trenckner,Notes 81<sup>1</sup>),unless it be non-Aryan] a shred,rag,worn-out cloth,usually expl<sup>d</sup> by jiṇṇapilotika (J.III,22) or khaṇḍabhūtā pilotikā (PvA.185) or pilotika only (VvA.311).-- S.V,342; A.III,187; IV,376 (°vāsin as v.l.; text has nantikavāsin); Vv 80<sup>7</sup> (anantaka); Pv III,2<sup>14</sup>; J.III,22 (°vāsin clad in rags).(Page 346),7,1
  7095. 289532,en,15,nanu,nanu,Nanu,Nanu,(indecl.) [Ved.nanu] 1.part.of affirmation (cp.na<sup>1</sup>):surely,certainly Pv.II,6<sup>7</sup> (so to be read for nanda? v.l.BB nuna); Manor.Pūr.on A.V,194 (Andersen P.R.91).-- 2.part.of interrogation (=Lat.nonne) “is it not” (cp.na<sup>2</sup>):J.I,151; III,393; DhA.I,33.(Page 346),4,1
  7096. 289703,en,15,napeti,ñāpeti,Ñāpeti,Ñāpeti,[Caus.of jānāti,cp.also ñatti] to make known,to explain,to announce J.II,133.Cp.jānāpeti &#38; āṇāpeti.(Page 288),6,1
  7097. 289747,en,15,napumsaka,napuṃsaka,Napuṃsaka,Napuṃsaka,(adj.) [Ved.napuṃsaka=na+puṃs “notmale”] of no sex; lit.Vism.548,553; ThA.260; Vbh.417; in gram.of the neuter gender KAcc.50; PvA.266 (is reading correct?) (Page 347),9,1
  7098. 289795,en,15,nara,nara,Nara,Nara,[Ved.nara,cp.nṛtu; Idg.<i>*ner</i> to be strong or valiant =Gr.a)nήr,a)g-ήnwr (valiant),drw/y (*nrw/y); Lat.neriosus (muscuḷar),Nero (Sabinian,cp.Oscan ner= Lat.vir); Oir.nert] man (in poetry esp.a brave,strong,heroic man),pl.either “men” or “people” (the latter e.g.at Sn.776,1082; Pv.I,11<sup>12</sup>).-- A.I,130; II,5; III,53; Sn.39,96,116,329,591,676,865 etc.; Dh.47,48,262,309,341; J.III,295; Nd<sup>1</sup> 12=Nd<sup>2</sup> 335 (definition); VvA.42 (popular etymology:narati netī ti naro puriso,i.e.a “leading” man); PvA.116=Dh.125.<br><br> <i>--âdhama</i> vilest of men Sn.246; <i>--âsabha</i> “man bull,” i.e.lord of men Sn.684,996; <i>--inda</i> “man lord,” i.e.king Sn.836; J.I,151; <i>--uttama</i> best of men (Ep.of the Buddha) S.I,23; D.III,147; Sn.1021; <i>--deva</i> god-man or man-god (pl.) gods,also Ep.of the B.“king of men” S.I,5; Pv IV.3<sup>50</sup>; <i>--nārī</i> (pl.) men &#38; women,appl.to male &#38; female angelic servants (of the Yakkhas) Vv 32<sup>4</sup>,33<sup>7</sup>,53<sup>8</sup>; Pv.II,11<sup>2</sup>; <i>--vīra</i> a hero (?),a skilled man (?) Th.1,736 (<i>naravīrakata</i> “by human skill &#38; wit” Mrs.Rh.D.).<i>--sīha</i> lion of men J.I,89.(Page 347),4,1
  7099. 289813,en,15,naraca,nārāca,Nārāca,Nārāca,[Sk.nārāca; perhaps for *nāḍāca &#38; conn.with nālīka,a kind of arrow,to nāḷa] an iron weapon,an arrow or javelin M.I,429; J.III,322; Miln.105,244,418.<i>--valaya</i> an iron ring or collar (?) Mhvs VII.20 (Com.“vaṭṭita-assanārāca-pasa”=a noose formed by bending the ends of the n.into a circle).(Page 350),6,1
  7100. 289822,en,15,narada,narada,Narada,Narada,(nt.) [Sk.nalada,Gr.naρdos,of Semitic origin,cp.Hebr.nīrd] nard,ointment J.VI,537.(Page 347),6,1
  7101. 289894,en,15,naraka,naraka,Naraka,Naraka,[Sk.naraka; etym.doubtful,problematic whether to Gr.nέrteros (=inferus),Ags.nord=north as region of the underworld] 1.a pit D.I,234; Th.1,869; J.IV,268 (°āvāṭa PvA.225).-- 2.a name for Niraya,i.e.purgatory; a place of torment for the deceased (see niraya &#38; cp.list of narakas at Divy 67) S.I,209; Sn.706; PvA.52; Sdhp.492 (saṃsāraghora°),612.<br><br> <i>--aṅgāra</i> the ashes of purgatory Sdhp.32.(Page 347),6,1
  7102. 290081,en,15,nari,nārī,Nārī,Nārī,(f.) [Sk.nārī to nara man,orig.“the one belonging to the man”] woman,wife,female Sn.301,836; Dh.284; J.I,60; III,395; IV,396 (°gaṇa); Vv 6<sup>1</sup>,44<sup>16</sup>; Pv.I,9<sup>1</sup> (=itthi PvA.44).pl.nariyo (Sn.299,304,703), &#38; nāriyo (Sn.703 v.l.BB; Pv.II,9<sup>52</sup>).Comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>nara</i> as naranārī,male &#38; female (angels),e.g.Vv 53<sup>8</sup>; Pv.II,11<sup>2</sup> (see nara).(Page 350),4,1
  7103. 290172,en,15,nasa,nāsa,Nāsa,Nāsa,[Sk.nāśa,see nassati] destruction,ruin,death J.I,5,256; Sdhp.58,319.Usually vi°,also adj.vināsaka.Cp.panassati.(Page 351),4,1
  7104. 290183,en,15,nasa,nāsā,Nāsā,Nāsā,(f.) [Vedic nāsā (du.); Lat.nāris,Ohg.nasa,Ags.nasu] 1.the nose,Sn.198,608.-- 2.the trunk (of an elephant) J.V,297 (nāga°-uru); Sdhp.153.<br><br> <i>--puṭa</i> “nose-cup”; the outside of the nose,the nostril J.VI,74; Vism.195 (nāsa°),264 (nāsa°,but KhA 67 nāsā°),283 (nāsa°).<i>--vāta</i> wind,i.e.breath from the nostrils J.III,276.(Page 351),4,1
  7105. 290218,en,15,nasana,nāsana,Nāsana,Nāsana,(nt.) [Sk.nāśana] destruction,abandoning,expulsion,in <i>°antika</i> (adj.) a bhikkhu who is under the penalty of expulsion Vin.I,255.(Page 351),6,1
  7106. 290349,en,15,naseti,nāseti,Nāseti,Nāseti,[Sk.nāśayati,Caus.of nassati,q.v.] 1.to destroy,spoil,ruin; to kill J.I,59; II,105,150; III,279,418.‹-› 2.to atone for a fault (with Abl.) Vin.I,85,86,173 etc.‹-› Cp.vi°.(Page 351),6,1
  7107. 290380,en,15,nasika,nāsika,Nāsika,Nāsika,(adj.) [cp.Sk.nāsikya] belonging to the nose,nasal,in <i>°sota</i> the nostril or nose (orig.“sense of smell”) D.I,106; Sn.p.108.(Page 351),6,1
  7108. 290456,en,15,nasitaka,nāsitaka,Nāsitaka,Nāsitaka,(adj.) [see nāsa &#38; nāseti] one who is ejected Vin.IV,140 (of a bhikkhu).(Page 351),8,1
  7109. 290496,en,15,nassana,nassana,Nassana,Nassana,(nt.) [cp.Sk.naśana] disappearance,loss,destruction A.III,54 (°dhamma adj.doomed to perish).(Page 348),7,1
  7110. 290538,en,15,nassati,nassati,Nassati,Nassati,(v.intr.) [Ved.naś; naśyati &#38; naśati,cp.Gr.nέkus,nekrόs (corpse),nέktar (“overcoming death” =nec+tṛ,cp.tarati); Lat.neco,noceo,noxius] to perish,to be lost or destroyed,to disappear,come to an end Sn.666 (na hi nassati kassaci kammaṃ); It.90; J.I,81,116,150; pret.<i>nassaṃ</i> (prohib.) Sn.1120,pl.anassāma M.I,177; aor.<i>nassi</i> A.III,54 (mā nassi prohib.); J.IV,137 (cakkhūni °iṃsu:the eyes failed); fut.<i>nassisati</i> J.I,5; cond.<i>nassissa</i> J.II,112.-- Caus.<i>nāseti</i> (q.v.).See also pa°.(Page 348),7,1
  7111. 290582,en,15,nata,ñāta,Ñāta,Ñāta,[pp.of jānāti=Gr.gnwtόs,Lat.(g)notus; ajñāta (P.aññāta) = a)/gnwtos=ignotus] known,well-known; experienced,brought to knowledge,realized.In Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.constantly expl.by tulita tirita vibhūta vibhāvita which series is also used as expl<sup>n</sup>.of diṭṭha &#38; vidita A.V,195; J.I,266; Sn.343 (+yasassin); Miln.21 (id.).-- <i>aññāta</i> not known,unknown Vin.I,209; M.I,430; S.II,281; DhA.I,208.(Page 288),4,1
  7112. 290594,en,15,nata,naṭa,Naṭa,Naṭa,[Sk.naṭa dial.ṭ,cp.Prk.naḍa,of <i>nṛt</i>,see naccati] a dancer,player,mimic,actor Vin.IV,285; S.IV,306 sq.; DhA.IV,60 (°dhītā),65 (°karaka),224 (°kīḷā); Miln.359 (°naccaka); Sdhp.380.-- Cp.naṭaka &#38; nāṭaka.(Page 345),4,1
  7113. 290605,en,15,nata,nata,Nata,Nata,[Sk.nata,pp.of namati,q.v.] bent (on) S.I,186 (a°); Sn.1143; Nd<sup>2</sup> 327.(Page 345),4,1
  7114. 290656,en,15,nataka,ñātaka,Ñātaka,Ñātaka,[for *ñātika from ñāti] a relation,relative,kinsman Vin.II,194; M.II,67; Dh.43; Sn.263 (=KhA 140:ñāyante amhākaṃ ime ti ñātakā),296,579; Pv.II,1<sup>4</sup> (Minayeff,but Hardy °ika); PvA.19,21,31,62,69; DA.I,90.(Page 288),6,1
  7115. 290663,en,15,nataka,naṭaka,Naṭaka,Naṭaka,[Sk.naṭaka]=naṭa Vin.IV,285; Miln.331; PvA.3.-- f.<i>naṭikā</i> DA.I,239.(Page 345),6,1
  7116. 290673,en,15,nataka,nāṭaka,Nāṭaka,Nāṭaka,[Sk.nāṭaka; see naccati] 1.(m.) a dancer,actor,player J.I,206; V,373; DhA.III,88; IV,59,130; nāṭakitthi a dancing-girl,nautch-girl DhA.III,166; VvA.131.-- 2.(nt.) a play,pantomime J.I,59; V,279,also used coll.=dancing-woman J.I,59 (?) II.395.(Page 349),6,1
  7117. 290868,en,15,natati,naṭati,Naṭati,Naṭati,[Sk.naṭati,of <em>nṛt</em>,with dial.ṭ,cp.naccati] to dance,play VvA.210 (=naccati).(Page 345),6,1
  7118. 290925,en,15,natha,nātha,Nātha,Nātha,[Ved.nātha,<i>nāth</i>,to which Goth.nipan (to support),Ohg.gināda (grace)] protector,refuge,help A.V,23,89; Dh.160 (attā hi attano n.),380; Sn.1131 (Nd<sup>2</sup> has nāga); DhA.IV,117; PvA.1.<i>lokanātha</i> Saviour of the world (Ep.of the Buddha) Sn.995; PvA.42.-- <i>anātha</i> helpless,unprotected,poor J.I,6 (nāthânāthā rich &#38; poor); PvA.3 (°sālā poor house) 65.Cp.nādhati.(Page 349),5,1
  7119. 290980,en,15,nati,ñāti,Ñāti,Ñāti,[see janati; cp.Sk.jñāti,Gr.gnwtόs,Lat.cognatus,Goth.knops] a relation,relative (=mātito pitito ca sambandhā PvA.25;=bandhū PvA.86; specialized as °sālohitā,see below).Pl.ñātayo (Pv.I,4<sup>3</sup>; KhA 209,214) and ñātī (M.II,73; KhA 210,cp.213; Acc.also ñātī Pv.I,6<sup>7</sup>); Sn.141; Dh.139,204,288; J.II,353; Pv.I,5<sup>3</sup>,12<sup>2</sup>; II,3<sup>13</sup>,6<sup>7</sup>.-- Discussed in detail with regard to its being one of the 10 paḷibodhā at Vism.94.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> (boastful) talk about relatives D.I,7≈ (cp.DA.I,90); <i>--gata</i> coming into (the ties of) relationship J.VI,307 (<i>°gataka</i> ib.308); <i>--ghara</i> the paternal home J.I,52; <i>--dhamma</i> the duties of relatives Pv.I,5<sup>12</sup>; (=ñātīhi ñātīnaṃ kattabba-karaṇaṃ PvA.30); <i>--parivatta</i> the circle of relations D.I,61; M.I,267; Pug.57≈; <i>--peta</i> a deceased relation Pv.I,5<sup>4</sup>; <i>--majjhagata</i> (adj.) in the midst of one’s relations Pug.29; <i>--mittā</i> (pl.) friends &#38; relatives Dh.219; J.III,396; Pv.I,12<sup>6</sup>; <i>--vyasana</i> misfortune of relatives (opp.°sampada) D.III,235; enum as one of the general misfortunes under dukkha (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 304F); <i>--saṅgha</i> the congregation of kinsmen,the clan A.I,152; Sn.589; <i>--sālohitạ</i> a relation by blood (contrasted with friendship:mittāmaccā Sn.p.104),often with ref.to the deceased:petā ñ-sālohitā the spirits of deceased blood-relations M.I,33; A.V,132,269; PvA.27,28; <i>--sineha</i> the affection of relationship PvA.29; <i>--hetusampatti</i> a blessing received through the kinsmen PvA.27.(Page 288),4,1
  7120. 290993,en,15,nati,nati,Nati,Nati,(f.) [Sk.nati of <em>nam</em>] bending,bent,inclination S.II,67; IV,59; M.I,115.(Page 345),4,1
  7121. 291435,en,15,natta,ñatta,Ñatta,Ñatta,(nt.) [nomen agentis from jānāti] the intellectual faculty,intelligence Dh.72 (=DhA.II,73:jānanasabhāva).(Page 287),5,1
  7122. 291450,en,15,natta,natta,Natta,Natta,(nt.) [Sk.nakta,see nakkhatta] night,Acc.<i>nattaṃ</i> by night,in <i>nattam-ahaṃ</i> by day &#38; by night Sn.1070 (v.l.BB and Nd<sup>2</sup> rattamahaṃ).(Page 346),5,1
  7123. 291501,en,15,nattar,nattar,Nattar,Nattar,[Sk.naptṛ,analogy-formation after mātṛ etc.from Ved.napāt; cp.Lat.nepos; Ags.nefa=E.nephew; Ohg.nevo] grandson J.I,60 (nattu,Gen.),88; Ud.91,92; PvA.17 (nattu-dhītā great-grand-daughter),25 (nattā Nom.).(Page 346),6,1
  7124. 291508,en,15,nattha,naṭṭha,Naṭṭha,Naṭṭha,[Sk.naṣṭha,pp.of nassati (naśyati),q.v.] perished,destroyed; lost A.II,249; J.I,74; 267.(Page 345),6,1
  7125. 291544,en,15,natthana,naṭṭhana,Naṭṭhana,Naṭṭhana,(nt.) [Der.fr.naṭṭha] destruction Miln.180,237.(Page 345),8,1
  7126. 291583,en,15,natthayika,naṭṭhāyika,Naṭṭhāyika,Naṭṭhāyika,[cp.Sk.naṣṭhārtha,i.e.naṣṭha+artha] bankrupt Miln.131,201.(Page 345),10,1
  7127. 291604,en,15,natthibhava,natthibhāva,Natthibhāva,Natthibhāva,[n’atthi-bhāva] non-existence DhA.III,324.(Page 346),11,1
  7128. 291618,en,15,natthika,natthika,Natthika,Natthika,(adj.-n.) [Sk.nāstika] one who professes the motto of “natthi,” a sceptic,nihilist S.I,96; usually in cpds.<br><br> <i>--diṭṭhi</i> scepticism,nihilistic view,heresy Sn.243 (=micchāditthi Com.); VvA.342; PvA.244; <i>--vāda</i> one who professes a nihilistic doctrine S.III,73; M.I,403; A.II,31; PvA.215 (+micchādiṭṭhika).(Page 346),8,1
  7129. 291658,en,15,natthita,natthitā,Natthitā,Natthitā,(f.) [Sk.nāstitā,fr.n’atthi] nihilism S.II,17; J.V,110.(Page 346),8,1
  7130. 291670,en,15,natthu,natthu,Natthu,Natthu,[cp.Sk.nas f. &#38; nasta,see etym.under nāsā] 1.the nose J.V,166 (=nāsā Com.).-- 2.=°kamma,medical treatment through the nose Vin.III,83 (deti).<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> nose-treatment,consisting in the application of hot oil (DA.I,98:telaṃ yojetvā n-karaṇaṃ) D.I,12; Vin.I,204; M.I,511; DhA.I,12; <i>--karaṇī</i> a pockethandkerchief Vin.I,204.(Page 346),6,1
  7131. 291703,en,15,natti,ñatti,Ñatti,Ñatti,(f.) [Sk.jñapti,from jñāpayati,caus of jñā] announcement,declaration,esp.as t.t.a motion or resolution put at a kammavācā (proceedings at a meeting of the chapter.The usual formula is “esā ñatti; suṇātu me bhante saṅgho”:Vin.I,340; III,150,173,228; -- °ṃ ṭhapeti to propose a resolution Vin.IV,152.-- Vin.V,142,217 (na c’âpi ñatti na ca pana kammavācā).This resolution is also called a ñattikamma:Vin.II,89; IV,152; V,116; A.I,99.Two kinds are distinguished,viz.that at which the voting follows directly upon the motion,i.e.a ñatti-dutiya-kamma, &#38; that at which the motion is put 3 times, &#38; is then followed (as 4th item) by the decision,i.e.a ñ-catuttha-kamma.Both kinds are discussed at Vin.I,56,317 sq.; II,89; III,156; IV,152; &#38; passim.Cp.Divy 356:jñapticaturtha.Cp.āṇatti,viññatti.(Page 287),5,1
  7132. 291845,en,15,natva,ñatvā,Ñatvā,Ñatvā,etc.:see <i>jānāti</i>.(Page 287),5,1
  7133. 291874,en,15,nava,nava,Nava,Nava,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Ved.nava,Idg.*neǔ n̊ (cp.nava<sup>1</sup>)=Lat.novus,Gr.nέos (*nέvos),Lith.navas; Goth.niujis etc.=E.new; also Sk.<i>navya</i>=Gr.neίos,Lat.Novius.May be related to na<sup>3</sup>] 1.new,fresh; unsoiled,clean; of late,lately acquired or practised (opp.pubba &#38; purāṇa).Often syn.with taruṇa.Sn.28,235 (opp.purāṇaṃ),944 (id.),913 (opp.pubba); Pv.I,9<sup>2</sup> (of clothes=costly); J.IV,201 (opp.purāṇa); Miln.132 (salila fresh water).-- 2.young,unexperienced,newly initiated; a novice Vin.I,47 (navā bhikkhū the younger bhs.,opp.therā); S.I,9 (+acira-pabbajita); II,218; Sn.p.93 (Gotamo navo pabbajjāya “a novice in the Wanderer’s life”); DhA.I,92 (bhikkhu).<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> building new,making repairs,“doing up,” mending Vin.II,119,159; III,81; J.I,92; IV,378; Nd<sup>2</sup> 385; <i>--kammika</i> an expert in making repairs or in building,a builder (cp.vaḍḍhaki) Vin.II,15; IV,211; <i>--ghata</i> fresh ghee J.II,433 (v.l.°sappi).(Page 348),4,1
  7134. 291875,en,15,nava,nava,Nava,Nava,<sup>1</sup> (num.) [Ved.navan,Idg.*neǔ n̊,cp.Lat.novem (*noven),Gr.e]nnέa,Goth.niun,Oir.nōin,E.nine.Connection with nava<sup>2</sup> likely because in counting by tetrads (octo=8 is a dual!) a new series begins with No.9] number nine.Gen.-Dat.navannaṃ (Sn.p.87); Instr.-Abl.navahi (VvA.76),Loc.navasu.<br><br> Meaning and Application:The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine is not found in Buddhism and can only be traced in Pali in folkloristic undercurrents (as fairy tales) &#38; stereotype traditions in which 9 appears as a number implying a higher trinity=3<sup>2</sup>.1.navabhūmaka pāsāda (a palace 9 stories high more freq.satta°,7) J.I,58; nava-hiraññakoṭīhi (w.9 koṭis of gold) VvA.188; nava yojana DhA.II,65.-- 2.navaṅgabuddhasāsana “the 9 fold teaching of Buddha,” i.e.the 9 divisions of the Buddh.Scriptures according to their form or style,viz.suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ M.I,133; A.II,103,178; III,86 sq.,177 sq.; Pug.43; Miln.344; Dpvs.IV,15; PvA.2.Cp.chaḷaṅga.-nava sattāvāsā “9 abodes of beings” Kh IV.(in exemplifying No.9),viz.(see D.III,263=KhA 86,87 cp.also A.IV,39 sq.) (1) manussā,devā,vinipātikā; (2) Brahmakāyikā devā; (3) Ābhassarā; (4) Subhakiṇhā; (5) Asaññasattā; (6) Ākāsanañcâyatana-upagā; (7) Viññāṇanañcâyatana°; (8) Ākiñcaññāyatana°; (9) Nevasaññâsaññâyatana°.-- nava sotā (Sn.197) or nava dvārā (VvA.76; v.l.mukhā) 9 openings of the body,viz.(SnA 248) 2 eyes,ears,nostrils,mouth,anus &#38; urethra (cp.S.B.E.39,180; 40,259 sq.).-- nava vitakkā 9 thoughts Nd<sup>2</sup> 269 (q.v.).-- 3.a trace of the week of 9 days is to be found in the expression “navuti-vassasatasahass-āyukā” giving the age of a divinity as 9 million years (=a divine week) VvA.345.-- Cp.navuti.(Page 348),4,1
  7135. 291892,en,15,nava,nāvā,Nāvā,Nāvā,(f.) [Ved.nāuḥ &#38; nāvā,Gr.nau_s,Lat.navis] a boat,ship Vin.III,49 (q.v.for definition &#38; description); S.I,106 <i>(eka-rukkhikā)</i>; III,155=V.51=A.IV,127 (sāmuddikā “a liner”); A.II,200; III,368; Sn.321,770,771; Dh.369 (metaphor of the human body); J.I,239; II,112; III,126; 188; IV,2,21,138; V,75 (with “500” passengers),433; VI,160 (=nāvyā canal? or read nālaṃ?); Vv 6<sup>1</sup> (=pota VvA.42,with pop.etym.“satte netī ti nāvā ti vuccati”); Pv III,3<sup>5</sup> (=doṇi PvA.189); Miln.261 (100 cubits long); Dāvs.IV,42; PvA.47,53; Sdhp.321.In simile Vism.690.<br><br> <i>--tittha</i> a ferry J.III,230; <i>--sañcaraṇa</i> (a place for) the traffic of boats,a port Miln.359.(Page 350),4,1
  7136. 292026,en,15,navaka,navaka,Navaka,Navaka,(adj.-n.) [Sk.navaka] young; a young man,a newly ordained bhikkhu (opp.thera),novice (cp.Divy 404) J.I,33 (saṅgha°); PvA.76 (id.).-- Freq.in compar.<i>navakatara</i> a younger one,or the youngest (opp.theratara) D.II,154; J.I,218; Miln.24.(Page 348),6,1
  7137. 292198,en,15,navama,navama,Navama,Navama,(num.ord.) [Sk.navama=Oir.nōmad; cp.Lat.nonus; Gr.e)/natos,Goth.niunda with diff.superl.suffixes] the ninth Sn.109; f.°ī VvA.72.(Page 348),6,1
  7138. 292314,en,15,navanita,navanīta,Navanīta,Navanīta,(nt.) &#38; <i>nonīta</i> [cp.Ved.navanīta] fresh butter Vin.I,244 (cp.gorasa); D.I,201; M.III,141; Pv III,5<sup>5</sup> (nonīta); Pug.69,70; Miln.41,Dhs.646,740; DhA.I,417; PvA.199.(Page 348),8,1
  7139. 292696,en,15,navayika,nāvāyika,Nāvāyika,Nāvāyika,[Sk.nāvāja=Gr.nauhgόs,cp.Lat.navigo] a mariner,sailor,skipper Miln.365.(Page 351),8,1
  7140. 292726,en,15,navika,nāvika,Nāvika,Nāvika,[Sk.nāvika] 1.a sailor,mariner J.II,103; IV,142; Miln.359; Dāvs.IV,43 (captain).-- 2.a ferryman J.II,111; III,230 (Avariya-pitā.).(Page 351),6,1
  7141. 292750,en,15,naviya,naviya,Naviya,Naviya,(adj.) [Sk.navya,either grd.of navate to praise; or=nava,q.v.] praiseworthy Miln.389.(Page 348),6,1
  7142. 292770,en,15,navuti,navuti,Navuti,Navuti,(num.) [Ved.navati] number ninety VvA.345 &#38; in comp<sup>n</sup> <i>eka°</i> 91 D.II,2 (i.e.92 minus 1; in expr.ekanavuto kappo,v.l.ekanavuti kappe); <i>dvā°</i> 92 (see dvi A.II, &#38; B III,); PvA.19,21; <i>aṭṭhā°</i> 98; Sn.311 (diseases sprung fr.orig.3).(Page 348),6,1
  7143. 292793,en,15,navutika,nāvutika,Nāvutika,Nāvutika,(adj.) [fr.navuti] 90 years old J.III,395 (°ā itthi); SnA 172.(Page 351),8,1
  7144. 292819,en,15,navutiya,navutiya,Navutiya,Navutiya,(adj.) worth ninety J.V,485.Cp.nāvutika.(Page 348),8,1
  7145. 292831,en,15,naya,ñāya,Ñāya,Ñāya,[Sk.nyāya=ni+i] 1.method,truth,system,later =logic:°gantha book on logic Dāvs III,41.-- 2.fitness,right manner,propriety,right conduct,often appl<sup>d</sup> to the “right path” (ariyamagga=ariyañāya Vin.I,10) D.III,120; S.V,19,141,167 sq.,185; A.II,95; IV,426; V,194; Dh.I,249; ariya ñ.S.II,68; V,387;= the causal law S.V,388;=kalyāṇa-kusala-dhammatā A.II,36; used in apposition with dhamma and kusala D.II,151; M.II,181,197; is replaced herein by sacca S.I,240;=Nibbāna at Vism.219,524; ñ.-paṭipanna walking in the right path S.V,343; A.II,56; III,212,286; V,183.(Page 288),4,1
  7146. 292843,en,15,naya,naya,Naya,Naya,(adj.-n.) [from nayati,to lead,see neti] “leading”; usually m:way (fig.),method,plan,manner; inference; sense,meaning (in grammar); behaviour,conduct A.II,193=Nd<sup>2</sup> 151 (°hetu through inference); Nett 2 (method),4 (id.),7,113; Miln.316 (nayena=nayahetu); KhA 74; VvA.112 (sense,context,sentence); PvA.1 (ways or conduct),117 (meaning),126 (id.),136,280.-- <i>nayaṃ neti</i> to draw a conclusion,apply an inference,judge,behave S.II,58=Vbh.329; J.IV,241 (anayaṃ nayati dummedho:draws a wrong conclusion); PvA.227 (+anumināti).-- With <i>°ādi°</i> N.has the function of continuing or completing the context= “and similarly,” e.g.°ādinaya-pavatta dealing with this &#38; the following VvA.2; ...ti ādinā nayena thus &#38; similarly, &#38; so forth J.I,81; PvA.30.-- Instr.<i>nayena</i> (-°) as adv.in the way of,as,according(ly):āgata° according to what has been shown or said in ...J.I,59; VvA.3; PvA.280; purima° as before J.I,59; IV,140; vutta° as said (above) (cp.vutta-niyāmena) PvA.13,29,36,71,92 etc.-- <i>sunaya</i> a sound judgment J.IV,241; <i>dunnaya</i> a wrong principle,method or judgment,or as adj.:wrongly inferred,hard to be understood,unintelligible A.III,178=Nett 21; J.IV,241.(Page 347),4,1
  7147. 292932,en,15,nayaka,nāyaka,Nāyaka,Nāyaka,[BSk.nāyaka (cp.anāyaka without guide AvŚ I.210); fr.neti; cp.naya] a leader,guide,lord,mostly as Ep.of the Buddha (loka° “Lord of the World”) Sn.991 (loka°); Mhvs VII.1 (id.); Sdhp.491 (tilokassa); bala-nāyakā gang leaders J.I,103.(Page 350),6,1
  7148. 292994,en,15,nayana,nayana,Nayana,Nayana,(nt.) [Sk.nayana,to nayati=the leader cp.also netra=P.netta] the eye Th.2,381; Vv 35<sup>3</sup>; Dhs.597; Vbh.71 sq.; Miln.365; ThA.255; VvA.161 (=cakkhu); PvA.40 (nettāni nayanāni),152; Sdhp.448,621.(Page 347),6,1
  7149. 293162,en,15,nayati,nayati,Nayati,Nayati,see neti.(Page 347),6,1
  7150. 293210,en,15,nayhana,nayhana,Nayhana,Nayhana,(nt.) [Sk.nahana] tying,binding; bond,fetter DhA.IV,161.(Page 347),7,1
  7151. 293218,en,15,nayhati,nayhati,Nayhati,Nayhati,[Ved.nahyati,Idg.<i>*nedh</i> as in Lat.nodus &#38; Ved.nahu] to tie,bind; only in comp.with prep.as upanayhati (cp.upāhanā sandal),pilandhati etc.-- pp.<i>naddha</i> (q.v.).See also nandhi,nāha; onayhati,unnahanā,piḷayhati.(Page 347),7,1
  7152. 293264,en,15,necayika,necayika,Necayika,Necayika,(adj.) [fr.nicaya] rich,wealthy D.I,136,142 (read nevāsika cp.naivasika M Vastu III,38); A.V,149 (v.l.BB nerayika,Com.nevāsiko ti nivāsakaro).(Page 377),8,1
  7153. 293282,en,15,negama,negama,Negama,Negama,(adj.-n.) [fr.nigama] the inhabitant of a (small) town; citizen; also collect.=jana,people Vin.I,268,273; D.I,136,139; J.IV,121; VI,493; Dāvs III,3; DA.I,297.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>°jānapadā</i> (pl.) “townsmen &#38; countryfolk” S.I,89; D.III,148,172; J 149.(Page 377),6,1
  7154. 293303,en,15,neka,neka,Neka,Neka,(adj.) [Sk.naika=na eka,cp.aneka] not one,several,many Sn.308; Vv 53<sup>6</sup> (°citta variegated=nānāvidhacitta VvA.236),64<sup>1</sup> (id.=anekacitta VvA.275); Tikp 366.(Page 377),4,1
  7155. 293309,en,15,nekada,nekada,Nekada,Nekada,=anekadā (frequently).(Page 377),6,1
  7156. 293340,en,15,nekatika,nekatika,Nekatika,Nekatika,(adj.) [fr.nikati] deceitful,fraudulent; a cheat D.III,183; Th.1,940; Miln.290; PvA.209; J.IV,184.(Page 377),8,1
  7157. 293360,en,15,nekayika,nekāyika,Nekāyika,Nekāyika,(adj.) [fr.nikāya] versed in the 4 (or 5) Nikāyas Miln.22; cp.Cunningham,Stupa of Bharhut 142,52.(Page 377),8,1
  7158. 293370,en,15,nekkha,nekkha,Nekkha,Nekkha,[Vedic niṣka; cp.nikkha] a golden ornament,a certain coin of gold S.I,65; A.I,181; II,8,29; Dh.230 (=DhA.III,329 jambonada nikkha); Vism.48; v.l.at Vv 20<sup>8</sup>,43<sup>8</sup>.(Page 377),6,1
  7159. 293389,en,15,nekkhamma,nekkhamma,Nekkhamma,Nekkhamma,(nt.) [formally a derivation fr.nikkhamma (ger.of nikkhamati)=Sk.*naiṣkramya,as shown also by its semantic affinity to <i>nikkhanta</i>,in which the metaphorical sense has entirely superseded the literal one.On the other hand,it may be a bastard derivation fr.nikkāma=Sk.*naiṣkāmya,although the adj.nikkāma does not show the prevailing meaning &#38; the wide range of nikkhanta,moreover formally we should expect nekkamma.In any case the connection with <i>kāma</i> is pre-eminently felt in the connotation of n.,as shown by var.passages where a play of word exists between n. &#38; kāma (cp.kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yad idaṃ nekkhammaṃ It.61,cp.Vin.I,104; A.III,245; also M.I,115).The use of the similar term abhinikkhamana further warrants its derivation fr.nikkhamati] giving up the world &#38; leading a holy life,renunciation of,or emancipation from worldliness,freedom from lust,craving &#38; desires,dispassionateness,self-abnegation,Nibbāna Vin.I,18 (°e ānisaṃsa); D.I,110 (id.),III,239,275,283; M.III,129; A.I,147 (=khema,i.e.nibbāna); III,245; IV,186 (ānisaṃsa),439 sq.; Sn.424 (°ṃ daṭṭhu khemato); Dh.181; Ps.I,107 sq.; II,169 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 370; Vism.116,325; J.I,19; 137; Vv 84<sup>42</sup> (=nibbāna VvA.348); Nett 53,87,106 sq.; Miln.285 (°ṃ abhinikkhanta); DhA.III,227; ThA.266.<br><br> <i>--âdhimutta</i> bent on self-abnegation (enum<sup>d</sup> with 5 other ideals of Arahantship:paviveka,avyāpajjha,upādānakkhaya,taṇhakkhaya,asammoha) Vin.I,183; A.III,376; <i>--âbhirata</i> fond of renunciation A.IV,224; V,175; Ps.II,173; <i>--dhātu</i> the sphere or element of dispassionateness S.II,152; Vbh.86; Nett 97; Vism.487.<i>--ninna</i> merging into or bent on a holy life S.III,233; <i>--vitakka</i> a thought of self-abnegation S.II,152; A.I,275; II,252; It.82; <i>--saṅkappa</i>=prec.S.II,152; A.III,146; Vbh.104,235; <i>--sita</i> based or bent on a holy life (opp.<i>geha°</i> q.v.) S.IV,232; <i>--sukha</i> the joy or happiness of Arahantship M.III,110; A.I,80; Dh.267,272; DhA.III,400.(Page 377),9,1
  7160. 293566,en,15,nela,neḷa,Neḷa,Neḷa,( &#38; Nela) (adj.) [na+eḷa=Sk.anenas,of enas fault,sin.The other negated form,also in meaning “pure,clean,” is <i>aneḷa</i> ( &#38; aneḷaka),q.v.On ḷ:n.cp.lāṅgala; naṅgala; tulā:tūṇa etc.] 1.without fault or sin,blameless,faultless; not hurting,humane,gentle,merciful,innocuous D.I,4 (Bdhgh explains:elaṃ vuccati doso; n’assā (i.e.vācāya) elan ti nelā; niddosā ti attho.“Nelaṅgo setapacchādo” ti ettha vuttanelaṃ viya; DA.I,75); A.II,209; V,205; J.V,156; Vv 50<sup>18</sup>,63<sup>6</sup> (=niddosa VvA.262); Pug.29,57; Dhs.1343 (vācā)=niddosa DhsA.397.-- 2.(somewhat doubtful) “clean,” with ref.to big cats (mahā-biḷārā nelamaṇḍalaṃ vuccati),whereas young ones are called “elephants,cubs” (something like “pigs”) (taruṇā bhiṅka-cchāpamaṇḍalaṃ) J.V,418.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> of faultless limbs or parts,of a chariot (ratha) =running perfectly S.IV,291=Ud.76 (nelagga text,nelaṅga v.l.)=DA.I,75=DhsA.397.<i>--patī</i> (f.)=neḷavatī (of vācā) humane,gentle J.VI,558 (na elapatī elapāta-rahitā madhurā Com.).(Page 378),4,1
  7161. 293597,en,15,nema,nema,Nema,Nema,[cp.nemi] edge,point; root S.V,445; A.IV,404; <i>gambhīra°</i> (adj.) with deeply rooted point,firmly established S.V,444; A.IV,106.(Page 377),4,1
  7162. 293602,en,15,nemantanika,nemantaṇika,Nemantaṇika,Nemantaṇika,(adj.) [fr.nimantana] one who lives by invitations M.I,31.(Page 377),11,1
  7163. 293616,en,15,nemi,nemi,Nemi,Nemi,(f.) [Vedic nemi,perhaps to namati] the circumference of a wheel,circumference,rim,edge (cp.nema) A.I,112; Vv 64<sup>5</sup>; Miln.238,285; Vism.198 (fig.jarāmaraṇa°,the rim of old age &#38; death,which belongs to the wheel of Saṃsāra of the chariot of existence,bhavaratha); DhA.II,124 (°vaṭṭi); VvA.277.(Page 377),4,1
  7164. 293676,en,15,nemitta,nemitta,Nemitta,Nemitta,[Sk.naimitta,fr.nimitti] a fortune-teller,astrologer D.II,16,19; A.III,243.(Page 377),7,1
  7165. 293681,en,15,nemittaka,nemittaka,Nemittaka,Nemittaka, &#38; Nemittika [Sk.naimittika,fr.nimitta] an astrologer,fortune-teller,soothsayer D.I,8 (i)=DA.I,91; A.III,111; J.IV,124; Miln.19 (i),229; Vism.210 (i); DhA.II,241 (a).(Page 377),9,1
  7166. 293696,en,15,nemittikata,nemittikatā,Nemittikatā,Nemittikatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.nemittika]=nimitta-kammaṃ,i.e.prognostication; inquisitiveness,insinuation Vbh.352=Vism.23; expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.28.(Page 377),11,1
  7167. 293708,en,15,nemiya,nemiya,Nemiya,Nemiya,(adj.) [=nemika] (-°) having a circumference etc.J.VI,252.(Page 378),6,1
  7168. 293730,en,15,nepakka,nepakka,Nepakka,Nepakka,(nt.) [fr.nipaka] prudence,discrimination,carefulness; usually as <i>sati°</i> S.V,197 sq.; M.I,356; A.III,11; IV,15; Nd<sup>2</sup> 629 B; Vbh.244,249; Vism.3 (=paññā); DhA.IV,29.(Page 377),7,1
  7169. 293751,en,15,nepunna,nepuñña,Nepuñña,Nepuñña,(nt.) [fr.nipuṇa] experience,skill,cleverness Pug.25,35; Dhs.16,292; DhsA.147.(Page 377),7,1
  7170. 293774,en,15,nerayika,nerayika,Nerayika,Nerayika,(adj.) [fr.niraya,cp.BSk.nairayika Divy 165] belonging to niraya or purgatory,hellish; one doomed to suffering in purgatory (n.satta=inhabitant of n.) Vin.II,205 (āpāyiko n.kappaṭṭho); IV,7; D.III,6,9,12; A.I,265; II,231 (vedanaṃ vediyati ...seyyathā pi sattā nerayikā); III,402 sq.; Sn.664; Nd<sup>1</sup> 97 (gati); Vv 52<sup>1</sup>,J.IV,3 (sattā); Pug.51; Vbh.412 sq.; Vism.415 (°sattā),424; Miln.148 (sattā); PvA.27 (id.),52 (°bhāva),255; VvA.23; Sdhp.193,198.(Page 378),8,1
  7171. 293830,en,15,nerutta,nerutta,Nerutta,Nerutta,(adj.-n.) [fr.nirutti] based on etymology; an etymologist or philologist ThA.153; Nett 8,9,32,33.(Page 378),7,1
  7172. 293845,en,15,nesada,nesāda,Nesāda,Nesāda,[fr.nisāda; cp.Sk.niṣāda &#38; naiṣāda=one who lies in wait] a hunter; also a low caste Vin.IV,7 (+veṇa &#38; rathakāra); S.I,93 (°kula); A.I,107; II,85; J.II,36; III,330; IV,397,413; V,110,337; VI,71; Pug.51 (°kula); Miln.311; DhA.III,24; PvA.176.(Page 378),6,1
  7173. 293898,en,15,nesajjika,nesajjika,Nesajjika,Nesajjika,(adj.) [fr.nisajjā] being &#38; remaining in a sitting position (as an ascetic practice) A.III,220; Th.1,904,1120; Nd<sup>2</sup> 587; J.IV,8; Pug.69; Vism.79; Miln.20,342.The <i>n-°aṅga</i> is one of the dhūtaṅga-precepts,enjoining the sitting posture also for sleeping,see Vin.V,193,Vism.61, &#38; dhūtaṅga.(Page 378),9,1
  7174. 293974,en,15,netar,netar,Netar,Netar,[Vedic netṛ,n.ag.of neti] a leader,guide,forerunner Sn.86,213; Nd<sup>1</sup> 446. <i>Neti (nayati)</i> [Vedic nayati,<em>nī</em>] to lead,guide,conduct; to take,carry (away); fig.to draw a conclusion,to understand,to take as Dh.80,145,240,257; J.I,228; IV,241 (nayaṃ n.to draw a proper conclusion); VvA.42 (narati=nayati); imper.<i>naya</i> Pv.II,11<sup>3</sup>, &#38; <i>nehi</i> J.II,160; PvA.147; poetic imper.<i>nayāhi</i> see in paṭi°; pot.<i>naye</i> Dh.256 (to lead a cause=vinicchineyya DhA.III,381).fut.<i>nessāmi</i> J.II,159; Pv.II,4<sup>5</sup>; aor.<i>nayi</i> J.IV,137.<i>ger</i>.<i> netvā</i> PvA.5,6,etc.inf.<i>netuṃ</i> PvA.123,145 <i>(°kāma)</i>,<i> </i>&<i> netave</i> J.I,79=Dh.180.grd.<i>neyya</i> (see sep.),pp.<i>nīta</i>.Pass.<i>nīyati</i> (q.v.).Cp.naya,nīti,netta etc.; also ā°,upa°,paṭi°,vi°.(Page 377),5,1
  7175. 294001,en,15,netta,netta,Netta,Netta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Sk.netra] guidance,anything that guides,a conductor,fig.the eye.S.I,26 (sārathī nettāni gahetvā =the reins); Vin.I,204 (dhūma° for smoke); J.IV,363 (id.); D.I,12 (°tappana,set t. &#38; cp.DA.I,98); Sn.550 (pasanna°),1120; Nd<sup>2</sup> 371 (=cakkhu),669; J.VI,290 (tamba° with red eyes); Pv.I,8<sup>3</sup> (eyes=nayanāni Com.); Dhs.597; Vbh.71 sq.(Page 377),5,1
  7176. 294002,en,15,netta,netta,Netta,Netta,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.netra,fr.neti] a guide J.III,111; Nett.130.(Page 377),5,1
  7177. 294024,en,15,netthar,netthar,Netthar,Netthar,[see nittharati; does any connection exist with Vedic neṣṭṛ?] only in phrase <i>netthāraṃ vattati</i> to behave in such a way as to get rid of blame or fault Vin.II,5; III,183; M.I,442.-- Bdhgh on Vin.II,5 (p.309) explains:nittharantānaṃ etan ti netthāraṃ yena sakkā nissāraṇā nittharituṃ taṃ aṭṭhārasa-vidhaṃ sammāvattuṃ vattantī ti attho.(Page 377),7,1
  7178. 294037,en,15,netti,netti,Netti,Netti,(f.) [Vedic netrī,f.to netṛ] a guide,conductor; support (=nettika<sup>2</sup>) It.37 (āhāra°-pabhava),38 (bhava°),94 (netticchinna bhikkhu=Arahant).Cp.nettika<sup>2</sup> &#38; dhamma°,bhava°.(Page 377),5,1
  7179. 294062,en,15,nettika,nettika,Nettika,Nettika,(adj.-n.) [netta+ika] 1.having as guide or forerunner,in Bhagavaṃ°’dhamma M.I,310; A.I,199; IV,158,351; V,355.-- 2.a conduit for irrigation; one who makes conduits for watering Dh.80 (=udakaṃ nenti nettikā),145; fig.that which supplies with food or water,in <i>bhava°</i> (“the roots of existence,clinging to existence”) D.I,46 (ucchinna° with the roots of existence cut); <i>sanettika</i> clinging to existence,a bad man A.II,54.Cp.netti.(Page 377),7,1
  7180. 294072,en,15,nettimsa,nettiṃsa,Nettiṃsa,Nettiṃsa,[cp.Sk.nistriṃśa,Halāyudha 2,317; very doubtful,whether nis+triṃśa (thirty),prob.a dial.distortion] a sword J.II,77 (°vara-dhārin; C.nettiṃsā vuccanti khaggā); IV,118 (C.gives it as adj.=nikkaruṇa,merciless; &#38; says “khaggassa nāmaṃ”); VI,188 (°varadhārin).(Page 377),8,1
  7181. 294138,en,15,neva,neva,Neva,Neva,(indecl.) [na+eva] see na<sup>2</sup>.-- nevasaññā-nâsañña (being) neither perception nor non-perception,only in cpd.°āyatana &#38; in nevasaññī-nâsaññin:see saññā.(Page 378),4,1
  7182. 294157,en,15,nevapika,nevāpika,Nevāpika,Nevāpika,(adj.-n.) [fr.nivāpa] a deer-feeder M.I,150 sq.(Page 378),8,1
  7183. 294231,en,15,nevasika,nevāsika,Nevāsika,Nevāsika,(adj.) [fr.nivāsa,cp.BSk.naivāsika AvS.I,286,287] one who inhabits,an inmate; living in a place,local J.I,236 sq.; DhA.II,53 sq.Cp.necayika.(Page 378),8,1
  7184. 294277,en,15,neyya,neyya,Neyya,Neyya,(adj.) [grd.of neti; Sk.neya] to be led,carried etc.; fig.to be instructed; to be inferred,guessed or understood Sn.55,803,846,1113; Nd<sup>1</sup> 114,206; Nd<sup>2</sup> 372; Pug.41; Nett 9 sq.,125; <i>--attha</i> the meaning which is to be inferred (opp.nītattha) A.I,60; Nett 21.(Page 378),5,1
  7185. 294563,en,15,nharu,nhāru,Nhāru,Nhāru,see <i>nahāru</i>.Found e.g.at Vin.I,25.(Page 378),5,1
  7186. 294723,en,15,ni°,ni°,Ni°,Ni°,[Sk.ni- &#38; nih-,insep.prefixes:(a) ni down=Av.ni,cp.Gr.neiόs lowland,nei/atos the lowest,hindmost; Lat.nīdus (*ni-zdos:place to sit down=nest); Ags.nēol,nider=E.nether; Goth.nidar=Ohg.nidar; also Sk.nīca,nīpa etc.-- (b) <i>niḥ</i> out,prob.fr.*seni &#38; to Lat.sine without].Nearly all (ultimately prob.all) words under this heading are cpds.with the pref.ni.‹-› A.Forms.1.Pāli <i>ni°</i> combines the two prefixes <i>ni </i>&<i> nis</i> (nir).They are outwardly to be distinguished inasmuch as <i>ni</i> is usually followed by a single consonant (except in forms where double cons.is usually restored in composition,like ni-kkhipati=ni+ <em>kṣip</em><i>;</i> nissita= ni+<i>sri</i>.Sometimes the double cons.is merely graphic or due to analogy,esp.in words where ni- is contrasted with <i>ud-</i> (“up”),as nikkujja›ukkujja,niggilati› uggilati,ninnamati›unnamati).On the other hand a comp<sup>n</sup> with <i>nis</i> is subject to the rules of assimilation,viz.either doubling of cons.(nibbhoga=nir-bhoga) where <i>vv</i> is represented by <i>bb</i> (nibbiṇṇa fr.nir-vindati),or lengthening of ni to <i>nī</i> (nīyādeti as well as niyy°; nīharati=nir+<i>har</i>),or single cons.in the special cases of <i>r </i>&<i> v</i> (niroga besides nīroga for nirroga,cp.duratta ›dūrakkha; niveṭheti=nibbeṭheti,nivāreti=*nivvāreti=nīvāreti).Before a vowel the sandhi-cons.<i>r</i> is restored:nir-aya,nir-upadhi etc.-- 2.Both ni &#38; nis are base-prefixes only, &#38; of stable,well-defined character,i.e.never enter comb<sup>ns</sup> with other prefixes as first (modifying) components in verb-function (like saṃ,vi etc.),although <i>nis</i> occurs in such comb<sup>n</sup> in noun-cpds.negating the whole term:nir-upadhi,nis-saṃsaya etc.‹-› 3.<i>ni</i> is freq.emphasised by <i>saṃ</i> as saṃni° (tud,dhā,pat,sad); <i>nis</i> most freq.by <i>abhi</i> as abhinis° (nam,pad,vatt,har).<br><br> B.Meanings.1.<i>ni</i> (with secondary derivations like nīca “low”) is a verb-pref.only,i.e.it characterises action with respect to its direction,which is that of (a) a downward motion (opp.abhi &#38; ud); (b) often implying the aim (=down into,on to,cp.Lat.sub in subire,or pref.ad°); or (c) the reverting of an upward motion=back (identical with b); e.g.(a) ni-dhā (put down),°kkhip (throw d.),°guh (hide d.),°ci (heap up),°pad (fall d.),°sad (sit d.); (b) ni-ratta (at-tached to),°mant (speak to); °yuj (ap-point),°ved (ad-dress),°sev (be devoted to) etc.; (c) ni-vatt (turn back).-- 2.<i>nis</i> (a) as verb-pref.it denotes the directional “out” with further development to “away from,opposite,without,” pointing out the finishing,completion or vanishing of an action &#38; through the latter idea often assuming the meaning of the reverse,disappearance or contrary of an action=“un” (Lat.dis-),e.g.nikkhamati (to go out from) opp.pavisati (to enter into),°ccharati (nis to <em>car</em> to go forth),°ddhamati (throw out),°pajjati (result from),°bbattati (<em>vatt</em> spring out from),nīharati (take out),nirodhati (break up,destroy).-- (b) as nounpref.it denotes “being without” or “not having”= E.--less,e.g.niccola without clothes,°ttaṇha (without thirst),°ppurisa (without a man),°pphala (without fruit); niccala motion-less,°kkaruṇa (heartless),°ddosa (fault°),°maṃsa (flesh°),°saṃsaya (doubt°) nirattha (useless),°bbhaya (fear°).-- Bdhgh evidently takes <i>ni-</i> in meaning of <i>nis</i> only,when defining:ni-saddo abhāvaṃ dīpeti Vism.495.(Page 351),3,1
  7187. 294743,en,15,nibaddha,nibaddha,Nibaddha,Nibaddha,(adj.) [ni+baddha] bound down to,i.e.(1) fixed,stable,sure J.IV,134 (bhattavetana); Miln.398 (a°,unstable,°sayana).At DA.I,243 two kinds of <i>cārikā</i> (wanderings,pilgrimages) are distinguished,viz.<i>nibaddha°</i> definite,regular and <i>anibaddha°</i> indefinite,irregular pilgrimage.-- (2) asked,pressed,urged J.III,277.-- (3) <i>nibaddhaṃ</i> (nt.as adv.) constantly,always,continually J.I,100,150; III,325; V,95,459; VI,161; PvA.267 (°vasanaka); DhA.II,41,52 sq.(Page 361),8,1
  7188. 294886,en,15,nibandha,nibandha,Nibandha,Nibandha,[Sk.nibandha,ni+bandha] binding,bond; attachment,continuance,continuity S.II,17; VvA.259,260 (perseverance).Acc.<i>nibandhaṃ</i> (often misspelt for <i>nibaddhaṃ</i>) continually VvA.75.Cp.vi°.(Page 361),8,1
  7189. 294894,en,15,nibandhana,nibandhana,Nibandhana,Nibandhana,(nt.) [ni+bandhana] tying,fastening; binding,bond; (adj.) tied to,fettered Sn.654 (kamma°); Miln.78,80.(Page 361),10,1
  7190. 294912,en,15,nibandhati,nibandhati,Nibandhati,Nibandhati,[ni+bandhati] 1.to bind Miln.79.-- 2.to mix,apply,prepare Vin.II,151 (anibandhanīya unable to be applied,not binding); J.I,201 (yāgubhattaṃ).‹-› 3.to press,urge,importune J.III,277.(Page 361),10,1
  7191. 295011,en,15,nibbahana,nibbāhana,Nibbāhana,Nibbāhana,(adj.-n.) [fr.nibbāheti] leading out,removing,saving; (nt.) removal,clearance,refuge,way out Miln.119,198,295,309,326 (°magga).[Miln.the only references!] (Page 365),9,1
  7192. 295031,en,15,nibbahati,nibbahati,Nibbahati,Nibbahati,[nis+bahati] to stretch out J.III,185 (asiṃ); to pull out J.V,269 (jivhaṃ=jivhaṃ balisena n.275).See also nibbāheti &#38; nibbāhāpeti.(Page 362),9,1
  7193. 295036,en,15,nibbahati,nibbāhati,Nibbāhati,Nibbāhati,[nis+vahati] to lead out,carry out,save from,remove Miln.188.-- 2nd Caus.<i>nibbāhāpeti</i> to have brought out,to unload (a waggon) Vin.II,159 (hiraññaṃ); III,43.See also nibbāhana &#38; nibbuyhati.(Page 365),9,1
  7194. 295048,en,15,nibbajjeti,nibbajjeti,Nibbajjeti,Nibbajjeti,[nis+vajjeti] to throw away,to do without,to avoid Th.1,1105.(Page 362),10,1
  7195. 295072,en,15,nibbana,nibbana,Nibbana,Nibbana,(adj.) 1.[Sk.nirvana] without forest,woodless J.II,358.-- 2.[an abstr.fr.nibbāna,see nibbāna I.; cp.vana<sup>2</sup>.Freq.nibbāna as v.l.instead of nibbana] without cravings Sn.1131 (nikkāmo nibbano); Dh.283 (nibbanā pl.) Vv 50<sup>14</sup> (better reading nibbāna,in phrase “vanā nibbānaṃ āgataṃ,” as found at A.III,346= Th.1,691,although the latter has nibbanaṃ in text),expl<sup>d</sup> by “nittaṇhabhāvaṃ nibbānam eva upagataṃ” VvA.213.(Page 362),7,1
  7196. 295090,en,15,nibbana,nibbāna,Nibbāna,Nibbāna,(nt.).-- I.Etymology.Although nir+<i>vā</i> “to blow”.(cp.BSk.nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti),we do not find its distinctive application till later and more commonly in popular use,where <i>vā</i> is fused with <i>vṛ</i> in this sense,viz.in application to the extinguishing of fire,which is the prevailing Buddhist conception of the term.Only in the older texts do we find references to a simile of the wind and the flame; but by far the most common metaphor and that which governs the whole idea of <i>nibbāna</i> finds expression in the putting out of fire by other means of extinction than by blowing,which latter process rather tends to incite the fire than to extinguish it.The going out of the fire may be due to covering it up,or to depriving it of further fuel,by not feeding it,or by withdrawing the cause of its production.Thus to the Pali etymologist the main reference is to the root <em>vṛ</em> (to cover),and not to <em>vā</em> (to blow).This is still more clearly evident in the case of <i>nibbuta</i> (q.v.for further discussion).In verbal compn.nis+<em>vā</em> (see vāyati) refers only to the (non-) emittance of an odour,which could never be used for a meaning of “being exhausted”; moreover,one has to bear in mind that native commentators themselves never thought of explaining nibbāna by anything like blowing (vāta),but always by nis+vana (see nibbana).For Bdhgh’s def<sup>n</sup> of nibbāna see e.g.Vism.293.-- The meanings of n.are:1.the going out of a lamp or fire (popular meaning).-- 2.health,the sense of bodily well-being (probably,at first,the passing away of feverishness,restlessness).-- 3.The dying out in the heart of the threefold fire of <i>rāga</i>,<i> dosa </i>&<i> moha:</i> lust,ill-will &#38; stupidity (Buddhistic meaning).‹-› 4.the sense of spiritual well-being,of security,emancipation,victory and peace,salvation,bliss.<br><br> II.Import and Range of the Term.A.Nibbāna is purely and solely an ethical state,to be reached in this birth by ethical practices,contemplation and insight.It is therefore not transcendental.The first and most important way to reach N.is by means of the eightfold Path,and all expressions which deal with the realisation of emancipation from lust,hatred and illusion apply to practical habits and not to speculative thought.N.is realised in one’s heart; to measure it with a speculative measure is to apply a wrong standard.-- A very apt and comprehensive discussion of nibbāna is found in F.Heiler,“Die buddhistische Versenkung” (München<sup>2</sup> 1922),pp.36--42,where also the main literature on the subject is given.-- N.is the untranslatable expression of the Unspeakable,of that for which in the Buddha’s own saying there is no word,which cannot be grasped in terms of reasoning and cool logic,the Nameless,Undefinable (cp.the simile of extinction of the flame which may be said to pass from a visible state into a state which cannot be defined.Thus the Saint (Arahant) passes into that same state,for which there is “no measure” (i.e.no dimension):“atthaṅgatassa na pamāṇam atthi ...yena naṃ vajju:taṃ tassa n’atthi” Sn.1076.The simile in v.1074:“accī yathā vāta-vegena khitto atthaṃ paleti,na upeti saṅkhaṃ:evaṃ munī nāmakāyā vimutto atthaṃ paleti,na upeti saṅkhaṃ”).Yet,it is a reality,and its characteristic features may be described,may be grasped in terms of earthly language,in terms of space (as this is the only means at our disposal to describe abstract notions of time and mentality); e.g.accutaṃ ṭhānaṃ,pāraṃ,amataṃ padaṃ,amata ( &#38; nibbāna-) dhātu.-- It is the speculative,scholastic view and the dogmatising trend of later times,beginning with the Abhidhamma period,which has more and more developed the simple,spontaneous idea into an exaggerated form either to the positive (i.e.seeing in N.a definite state or sphere of existence) or the negative side (i.e.seeing in it a condition of utter annihilation).Yet its sentimental value to the (exuberant optimism of the) early Buddhists (Rh.Davids,Early Buddhism,p.73) is one of peace and rest,perfect passionlessness,and thus supreme happiness.As Heiler in the words of R.Otto (Das Heilige etc.1917; quoted l.c.p.41) describes it,“only by its concept Nirvāna is something negative,by its sentiment,however,a positive item in most pronounced form.” -- We may also quote Rh.Davids’words:“One might fill columns with the praises,many of them among the most beautiful passages in Pāli poetry and prose,lavished on this condition of mind,the state of the man made perfect according to the B.faith.Many are the pet names,the poetic epithets,bestowed upon it,each of them-for they are not synonyms-emphasising one or other phase of this many-sided conception-the harbour of refuge,the cool cave,the island amidst the floods,the place of bliss,emancipation,liberation,safety,the supreme,the transcendental,the uncreated,the tranquil,the home of ease,the calm,the end of suffering,the medicine for all evil,the unshaken,the ambrosia,the immaterial,the imperishable,the abiding,the further shore,the unending,the bliss of effort,the supreme joy,the ineffable,the detachment,the holy city,and many others.Perhaps the most frequent in the B.texts is Arahantship,“the state of him who is worthy” ; and the one exclusively used in Europe is Nirvana,the “dying out,” that is,the dying out in the heart of the fell fire of the three cardinal sins-sensuality,ill-will,and stupidity (Saṃyutta IV.251,261),” (Early Buddhism pp.72,73.) And Heiler says (p.42 l.c.):“Nirvāna is,although it might sound a paradox,in spite of all conceptional negativity nothing but “eternal salvation,” after which the heart of the religious yearns on the whole earth.”<br><br> The current simile is that of fire,the consuming fire of passion (rāg-aggi),of craving for rebirth,which has to be extinguished,if a man is to attain a condition of indifference towards everything worldly,and which in the end,in its own good time,may lead to freedom from rebirth altogether,to certain and final extinction (parinibbāna).-- Fire may be put out by water,or may go out of itself from lack of fuel.The ethical state called <i>Nibbāna</i> can only rise from within.It is therefore in the older texts compared to the fire going out,rather than to the fire being put out.The latter point of view,though the word nibbāna is not used,occurs in one or two passages in later books.See J.I,212; Miln.346,410; SnA 28; Sdhp.584.For the older view see M.I,487 <i>(aggi anāhāro nibbuto</i>,a fire gone out through lack of fuel); Sn.1094 <i>(akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ etaṃ dīpaṃ anāparaṃ Nibbānaṃ iti);</i> S.I,236 <i>(attadaṇḍesu nibbuto sādānesu anādāno);</i> S.II,85 <i>(aggikkhandho purimassa upādānassa pariyādānā aññassa ca anupāhārā anāhāro nibbāyeyya</i>,as a fire would go out,bereft of food,because the former supply being finished no additional supply is forthcoming); sa-upādāno devānaṃ indo na parinibbāyati,the king of the gods does not escape rebirth so long as he has within him any grasping S.IV,102; pāragū sabbadhammānaṃ anupādāya nibbuto A.I,162; pāragato jhāyī anup° nibbuto,a philosopher,freed,without any cause,source,of rebirth A.IV,290 (etc.,see nibbuta).<i>dāvaggi-nibbānaṃ</i> the going out of the jungle fire J.I,212; <i>aggi nibbāyeyya</i>,should the fire go out M.I,487; <i>aggikkhandho nibbuto hoti</i> the great fire has died out Miln.304; <i>nibbuto ginī</i> my fire is out Sn.19.The result of quenching the fire (going out) is coolness (sīta); and one who has attained the state of coolness is <i>sītibhūta</i>.<i> sītibhūto ‘smi nibbuto</i> Vin.I,8; Pv.I,8<sup>7</sup>; <i>sītibhūto nirūpadhi</i>,cooled,with no more fuel (to produce heat) Vin.II,156; A.I,138; <i>nicchāto nibbuto sītibhūto</i> (cp.nicchāta) A.II,208; V,65.<i>anupādānā dīpacci viya nibbutā</i> gone out like the flame of a lamp without supply of fuel ThA.154 (Ap.153).-- <i>nibbanti dhīrā yath’âyaṃ padīpo</i> the Wise go out like the flame of this lamp Sn.235.This refers to the pulling out of the wick or to lack of oil,not to a blowing out; cp.vaṭṭiṃ paṭicca telapadīpo jāleyya S.II,86; Th.2,116 <i>(padīpass’eva nibbānaṃ vimokkho ahu cetaso)</i>.The pulling out of the wick is expressed by <i>vaṭṭiṃ okassayāmi (=dīpavaṭṭiṃ ākaḍḍhemi</i> ThA.117) cp.on this passage Pischel,Leben &#38; Lehre des Buddha 71; Mrs.Rh.Davids,Buddhism 176; Neumann,Lieder 298).<i>Pajjotass’eva nibbānaṃ</i> like the going out of a lamp S.I,159≈.<br><br> B.Since rebirth is the result of wrong desire (kāma,kilesa,āsava,rāga etc.),the dying out of that desire leads to freedom &#38; salvation from rebirth and its cause or substratum.Here references should be given to:(1) the fuel in ethical sense (cp.A 1:aggi); (2) the aims to be accomplished (for instance,coolness=peace); (3) the seat of its realisation (the heart); (4) the means of achievement (the Path); (5) the obstacles to be removed.-- 1.Fuel=cause of rebirth &#38; suffering:<i>āsāva</i> (intoxications).<i>khīṇāsavā jutimanto to loke parinibbutā</i> the wise who are rid of all intoxications are in this world the thoroughly free S.V,29; <i>sāvakā āsavānaṃ khayā viharanti</i> A.IV,83; <i>kodhaṃ pahatvāna parinibbiṃsu anāsavā</i> (are completely cooled) A.IV,98; <i>āsavakhīṇo danto parinibbuto</i> Sn.370; <i>saggaṃ sugatino yanti parinibbanti anāsavā</i> those of happy fate go to heaven,but those not intoxicated die out Dh.126; <i>nibbānaṃ adhimuttānaṃ atthaṅgacchanti āsavā</i> Dh.226; <i>āsavānaṃ khayā bhikkhu nicchāto parinibbuto</i> It.49; <i>vimutti-kusuma-sañchanno parinibbissati anāsavo</i> Th.1,100.-- <i>kāmā</i> (cravings) nikkāmo nibbano Nāgo Sn.1131.-- <i>kilesa-(nibbāna)</i> vice (only in certain commentaries).<i>kilesa-nibbānass’âpi anupādā parinibbānass’âpi santike</i> DhA.I,286; <i>upādānaṃ abhāvena anupādiyitvā kilesa-nibbānena nibbutā</i> DhA.IV,194.-- <i>nibbidā</i> (disenchantment).<i>Nibbānaṃ ekanta-nibbidāya virāgāya etc</i>.<i> saṃvattati</i> S.II,223; <i>nibbijjha sabbaso kāme sikkhe nibbānaṃ attano</i> Sn.940.-- <i>rāga virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ</i> S.I,136≈; <i>desento virajaṃ dhammaṃ nibbānaṃ akutobhayan</i> S.I,192; <i>yo rāgakkhayo (dosa°</i> .<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> moha° </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i>):idaṃ vuccati nibbānaṃ</i> S.IV,251, &#38; same of Amata S.V,8; <i>chandarāga-vinodanaṃ nibbānapadaṃ accutaṃ</i> Sn.1086; <i>kusalo ca jahati pāpakaṃ rāgadosamoha-kkhayā parinibbuto</i> Ud.85; ye ‘dha pajahanti kāmarāgaṃ bhavarāgânusayañ ca pahāya parinibbānagatā Vv 53<sup>24</sup>.-- <i>vana</i> sabba-saṃyojan’atītaṃ vanā nibbānaṃ āgataṃ A.III,346; nikkhantaṃ vānato ti nibbānaṃ KhA 151; taṇhā-saṅkhāta-vānâbhāvato nibbānaṃ SnA 253.<br><br> 2.Aims:<i>khema</i> (tranquillity).ātāpī bhikkhu nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya It.27; ajaraṃ amaraṃ khemaṃ pariyessāmi nibbutiṃ J.I,3; <i>acala</i> (immovable,not to be disturbed).patto acalaṭṭhānaṃ Vv 51<sup>4</sup>; <i>accuta</i> (stable) <i>patthayaṃ accutaṃ padaṃ</i> S.III,143; chandarāga-vinodanaṃ nibbānapadaṃ accutaṃ Sn.1086.<i>nekkhamma</i> (renunciation,dispassionateness).vanā nibbānaṃ āgataṃ kāmehi nekkhammarataṃ A.III,346.-- <i>pāragū</i> (victor).pāragū sabbadhammānaṃ anupādāya nibbuto A.I,162 (cp.A.IV,290 with tiṇṇo pāragato).-- <i>santipada</i> (calm,composure).<i>santī ti nibbutiṃ ñatvā</i> Sn.933; santimaggaṃ eva brūhaya nibbānaṃ sugatena desitaṃ Dh.285; s.=acala VvA.219.-- <i>samatha</i> (allayment,quietude).sabbasaṅkhārasamatho nibbānaṃ S.I,136≈.-- <i>sotthi</i> (welfare).saccena suvatthi hotu nibbānaṃ Sn.235.<br><br> 3.The Heart:(a) <i>attā</i> (heart,self).abhinibbut-atto Sn.456; <i>thiṭatto</i> frequent,e.g.<i>parinibbuto ṭh°</i> Sn.359; <i>danto parinib° ṭh°</i> Sn.370.-- (b) <i>citta</i> (heart).<i>apariḍayhamāna-citto</i> SnA 347 (for abhinibbutatto Sn.343).-- (c) <i>hadaya</i> (heart) <i>nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiya</i> S.I,199; <i>mātuhadayaṃ nibbāyate</i> J.I,61; <i>nibbāpehi me hadaya-pariḷāhaṃ</i> (quench the fever of my heart) Miln.318.-- (d) <i>mano</i> (mind).<i>mano nibbāyi tāvade</i> J.I,27; <i>disvā mano me pasīdi</i> Vv 50<sup>14</sup>.<br><br> 4.The Path:<i>dhīra</i>.lokapariyāyaṃ aññāya <i>nibbutā dhīrā tiṇṇā</i> etc.S.I,24; <i>nibbanti dhīrā</i> ...Sn.235 <i>sabbâbhibhū dhīro</i> sabbagantha-ppamocano It.122 ‹-› Recognition of <i>anicca</i> (transitoriness,see nicca).<i>aniccasaññī </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> bhikkhu pāpuṇāti diṭṭh’eva dhamme nibbānaṃ</i> A.IV,353.-- <i>paññā</i>.nibbānaṃ ev’ajjhagamuṃ sapaññā S.I,22; n’abhirato paññā S.I,38.‹-› <i>paṇḍita </i>&<i> nipaka</i>.anupubbena n°ṃ adhigacchanti paṇḍitā A.I,162; nipakā asesaṃ parinibbanti It.93.‹-› <i>vijjā</i>.<i> bhikkhu paṇihitena cittena avijjaṃ bhecchati vijjaṃ uppādessati n°ṃ sacchikarissati</i> the bhikkhu with devout heart will destroy ignorance,gain right cognition &#38; realise Nibbāna A.I,8; <i>idh’aññāya parinibbāti anāsavo</i> A.III,41; <i>sabb’āsave pariññāya parinibbanti anāsavā</i> Vbh.426.<br><br> 5.The Obstacles:<i>gantha</i> (fetter).<i>nibbānaṃ adhigantabbaṃ</i> sabba-g°-pamocanaṃ S.I,210; It.104; similarly It.122 (see above).<i>gabbhaseyyā</i> (rebirth).na te punam upenti gabbhaseyyaṃ,parinibbānagatā hi sītibhūtā Vv 53<sup>24</sup> -- <i>nīvaraṇa</i> (obstacles).<i>pañca n°</i>.<i> anibbāna-saṃvattanikā</i> S.V,97.-- <i>punabbhava</i> (rebirth).nibbāpehi mahārāgaṃ mā ḍayhittho punappunaṃ S.I,188; vibhavañ ca bhavañ ca vippahāya vusitavā <i>khīṇapunabbhavo</i> sa bhikkhu Sn.514; bhava-nirodha nibbānaṃ S.II,117.-- <i>saṅkhārā</i> (elements of life).<i>sabbasaṅkhāra-samatho</i> nibbānaṃ S.I,136; N.=sabbasaṅkhārā khayissanti A.III,443.-- <i>saṃyojanāni</i> (fetters).sabbas-âtītaṃ vanā Nibbānaṃ āgataṃ A.III,346; s.pahāya n°ṃ sacchikarissati A.III,423; <i>saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā antarā-parinibbāyī hoti</i> S.V,69.<br><br> III,<i>Nibbāna:</i> its ethical importance and general characterisation.<i>1</i>.Assurance of N.(<i>nibbānass’eva santike</i>,near N.,sure of N.):S.I,33 (yassa etādisaṃ yānaṃ ...sa etena yānena n.e.s.:with the chariot of the Dhamma sure of reaching N.); IV,75; A.II,39 (<i>abhabbo parihānāya</i> n.e.s.impossible to fail in the assurance of final release,of one “catuhi dhammehi samannāgato,viz.sīla,indriyaguttadvāratā,bhojanamattaññutā.jāgariyā”); III,331 (id.with appamādagaru:ever active &#38; keen); II,40=It.40 (id.with appamāda-rato); Sn.822.-- <i>2</i>.Steps and Means to N.:<i>nibbāna-sacchikiriyā</i>,attainment of N.,is <i>maṅgalaṃ uttamaṃ</i> &#38; to be achieved by means of <i>tapo</i>,<i> brahmacariyā</i> and <i>ariyasaccāna-dassanaṃ</i> Sn.267.-- <i>brahmacariya</i> (a saintly life) is n.-parāyanā (leading to N.) S.III,189,cp.V,218; also called n.-ogadhā (with similar states of mind,as nibbidā,virāgo,vimutti) ibid.; A.II,26=It.28,cp.It.29 (nibbān’--ogadha-gāminaṃ b°ṃ).The stages of sanctification are also discussed under the formula “<i>nibbidā virāgo vimutti </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> vimuttasmiṃ vimuttaṃ iti ñāṇaṃ hoti:khīṇā jāti</i> etc.” (i.e.no more possibility of birth) S.II,124=IV.86.‹-› <i>dhamma:</i> Buddha’s teaching as the way to N.:“dhammavaraṃ adesayi n.-gāmiṃ paramaṃ hitāya” Sn.233; ahaṃ sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desemi sattānaṃ visuddhiyā ...n°assa sacchikiriyāya A.V,194,cp.141; pubbe dh.-ṭhiti-ñāṇaṃ pacchā nibbāne ñāṇan ti S.II,124.-- <i>magga:</i> Those practices of a moral &#38; good life embraced in the 8 fold Noble Path (ariyamagga).Sace atthi akammena koci kvaci na jīyati <i>nibbānassa hi so maggo</i> S.I,217; <i>ekāyano ayaṃ maggo</i> sattānaṃ visuddhiyā ...N°assa sacchikiriyāya D.II,290; S.V,167,185; bhāvayitvā <i>sucimaggaṃ</i> n° --ogadha-gāminaṃ ...Vbh.426; ādimhi sīlaṃ dasseyya,majjhe <i>maggaṃ vibhāvaye</i>,pariyosānamhi nibbānaṃ ...DA.I,176.-- <I>N</I>.<i>--gamanaṃ maggaṃ:</i> tattha me nirato mano “my heart rejoices in the path to Nibbāna” S.I,186; <I>N</I>.<i>--gāminī paṭipadā</i> A.IV,83 (the path to salvation).Cp.§§ 4 &#38; 7.-- <i>3</i>.The Search for N.or the goal of earnest endeavour.<i>ārogya-paramā lābhā nibbānaṃ paramaṃ sukhaṃ</i>,aṭṭhaṅgiko ca maggānaṃ khemaṃ amata-gāminaṃ “N.is a higher bliss than acquisition of perfect health,the eightfold Path (alone) of all leads to perfect peace,to ambrosia” M.I,508,cp.Dh.204 (“the fullest gain is for health etc.; N.is the highest happiness” DhA.III,267).Similarly:khantī paramaṃ tapo titikkhā,<i>n°ṃ paramaṃ vadanti buddhā</i> D.II,49=Dh.184; n°ṃ <i>paramaṃ sukhaṃ:</i> Dh.204=Sn.257=J.III,195; id.:Dh.203; jhānaṃ upasampajja ...okkamanāya n.°assa A.IV,111 sq.; cp.230 sq.; <i>kaṭuviyakato bhikkhu</i> ...ārakā hoti N°ā A.I,281; n°ṃ ajjhagamuṃ <i>sapaññā</i> S.I,22; devalokañ ca te yanti ...anupubbena <i>n°ṃ adhigacchanti paṇḍitā</i> A.I,162; <i>n°ṃ abhikaṅkhati</i> S.I,198; <i>abhipassati</i> A.I,147; tiṇṇakathaṅkatho visallo <i>n</i>.<i>--âbhirato</i> Sn.86; bhikkhu bhabbo anuttaraṃ sītibhāvaṃ sacchikātuṃ ...paṇītâdhimutto hoti <i>ṇ-âbhirato</i> ca A.III,435; <i>n</i>.<i>--âbhirato</i> ...sabbadukkhā pamuccati S.I,38; <i>n</i>.<i>--ogadhaṃ</i> brahmacariyaṃ vussati <i>n</i>.<i>--parāyaṇaṃ n</i>.<i>--pariyosānaṃ</i> S.III,189=V.218; n°ṃ gavesanto carāmi (Bodhisat,J.I,61).All means of conduct &#38; all ideals of reason &#38; intellect lead to one end only:Nibbāna.This is frequently expressed by var.similes in the phrase <i>n</i>.<i>--ninna</i>,<i> °poṇa</i>,<i> °pabbhāra</i>,e.g.S.V,75=134=137=190; V,244; A.V,75,134,190,244= 291; Vv 84<sup>42</sup>.Saddahāno arahataṃ dhammaṃ <i>n</i>.<i>‹-› pattiyā sussūsā labhate paññaṃ appamatto</i> S.I,214= Sn.186,cp.S.I,48; Gotamo <i>n</i>.<i>--paṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya</i> bhikkhū sandasseti S.I,214=192=210; Ud.80; n°ṃ pariyesati A.II,247; <i>n</i>.<i>--pariyosānā sabbe dhammā</i> A.V,107; n.-poṇaṃ me mānasaṃ bhavissati,saṃyojanā pahāṇaṃ gacchanti A.III,443; odhunitvā malaṃ sabbaṃ <i>patvā n</i>.<i>--sampadaṃ</i> muccati sabba-dukkhehi:sā hoti sabbasampadā A.IV,239; nibbijjha sabbaso kāme sikkhe n°ṃ attano Sn.940,cp.1061.-- <i>4</i>.Some Epithets of Nibbāna:<i>akutobhayaṃ</i> A.II,24=It.122; <i>accutaṃ</i> padaṃ (careyya āditta-sīso va patthayaṃ a.p.) S.III,143; Sn.1086; pattā te acalaṭṭhānaṃ yattha gantvā na socare Vv 51<sup>4</sup>; <i>amataṃ</i> A.II,247; M.III,224 (Bhagavā atthassa ninnetā a °assa dātā); Miln.319; Vv 64<sup>27</sup> (apāpuranto a °assa dvāraṃ); VvA.85 (a-rasa); Vv 50<sup>20</sup> (amatogadha magga=nibb°-gāminī paṭipadā); amosadhammaṃ Sn.758; <i>khemaṃ</i> appaṭibhayaṃ S.IV,175; S.I,189=Sn.454; Th.2,350 (°ṭṭhāne vimuttā te patta te acalaṃ sukhaṃ); M.I,508 (+amatagāminaṃ); A.II,247 (yogakkhemaṃ anuttaraṃ); same at A.III,294; It.27; Dh.23.-- <i>taṇhakkhaya</i> Vv 73<sup>5</sup>; ṭhānaṃ <i>dud-</i> <i>dasaṃ</i> S.I,136 (=sabba-saṅkhāra-samatho); <i>dhuvaṃ</i> (q.v.); <i>niccaṃ</i> Kvu 121; <i>nekkhammaṃ</i> A.I,147 (°ṃ daṭṭhu khemato ...nibbānaṃ abhipassanto); Vv 84<sup>42</sup>.<i>sabba-gantha-pamocanaṃ</i> (deliverance from all ties) S.I,210; II,278 (sabbadukkha°); It.222=A.II,24; <i>yathābhūtaṃ</i> vacanaṃ S.IV,195; <i>yathāsukhaṃ</i> (the Auspicious) A.IV,415 sq.; (chanda-) <i>rāga vinodanaṃ</i> Sn.1086; <i>rāgakkhayo</i> (dosa°,moha°) S.V,8; <i>rāgavinayo</i> (dosa°,moha°) ibid.,<i>santi</i> (calm,peace) Vv 50<sup>21</sup>=Sn.204 (chandarāga-viratto bhikkhu paññāṇavā ajjhagā amataṃ santiṃ nibbānapadaṃ accutaṃ); VvA.219 (=acala); santimaggaṃ eva brūhaya n°ṃ Sugatena desitaṃ Dh.285=Nett 36; <i>sandiṭṭhikaṃ</i> akālikaṃ etc.; A.I,158; <i>samo</i> bhūmibhāgo ramaṇīyo S.III,109; <i>sassataṃ</i> Kvu 34; <i>suvatthi</i> Sn.235.-- <i>5</i>.N.is realisable in this world,i.e.in this life if it is mature (diṭṭhe va dhamme):S.II,18=115=III,163=IV.141 (diṭṭha-dh-npatta); M.II,228; A.IV,353=358,cp.454.-- <i>6</i>.Definitions with regard to the destruction of the causes or substrata of life (cp.above I.):taṇhāya vippahānena n°ṃ iti vuccati S.I,39=Sn.1109; as sabba-<i>saṅkhārasamatho</i> (calming down of all vital elements) Vin.I,5; S.I,136; A.II,118=III,164; IV,423; V,8,110,320,354; akiñcanaṃ <i>anādānaṃ</i> etaṃ dīpaṃ anāparaṃ n°ṃ iti nam brūmi jarāmaccu-parikkhayaṃ Sn.1094; <i>bhavanirodho</i> n°ṃ ti S.II,117; A.V,9; <i>rāga-kkhayo</i> (dosa°,moha°) S.IV,251=261; <i>virāgo nirodho</i> n°ṃ in typical &#38; very freq.exposition at Nd<sup>2</sup>=S.I,136≈.See also vana &#38; cp.the foll.:taṇhā-saṅkhāta-vānâbhāvato n°ṃ SnA 253; nikkhantaṃ vānato ti n°ṃ KhA 151; kilesa-n° ass’âpi anupādā parinibbānass’âpi santike yeva DhA.I,286 (on Dh.32).-- <i>7</i>.N.as perfect wisdom and what is conducive to such a state (<i>saṃvattati</i>).The foll.phrase is one of the oldest stereotype phrases in the Canon &#38; very freq.; it is used of all the highest means &#38; attainments of conduct &#38; meditation &#38; may be said to mark the goal of perfect understanding &#38; a perfect philosophy of life.It is given in 2 variations,viz.in a simple form as <i>“upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati</i>,<i>”</i> with ref.to majjhimā paṭipadā at Vin.I,10=S.IV,331=V.421; of satta bojjhaṅgā at S.V,80; and in a fuller form as “<i>ekanta-nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya</i> etc.as above” at D.I,189 (negative); II,251 (of brahmacariyaṃ),285; III,130 (sukhallikânuyogā,neg.) 136 (avyākataṃ,neg.); S.II,223 (brahmacariya); V,82 (satta bojjhaṅgā),179 (satipaṭṭhānā),255 (iddhipādā),361 (ariyamagga),438 A.III,83,326 sq.; etc.-- Cp.n-<i>saṃvattanika</i> S.V,97 (upekhāsambojjhaṅga); Nd<sup>2</sup> 281 (neg.of tamo).‹-› <i>8</i>.N.as the opposite of rāga (passion,lust).Freq.is the comb<sup>n</sup> of <i>virāga nirodha nibbāna</i>,almost used as three synonyms,thus at S.II,18; Vin.III,20=111; A.II,118=III,164=IV.423=V.8=Nd<sup>2</sup> under Nibbāna; A.II,34=It.88 (dhammānaṃ aggaṃ akkhāyati,madanimmadano pipāsa-vinayo ālaya-samugghāto vaṭṭûpacchedo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodha nibbānaṃ),cp.Vin.III,20≈.Similarly S.I,192 (Sugataṃ payirupāsati desentaṃ virajaṃ dhammaṃ nibbānaṃ akutobhayaṃ).‹-› <i>9</i>.Various Characterisations &#38; Similes (cp.above II.A 4 &#38; 5).sukkâbhijātiko samāno akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ n°ṃ abhijayati D.III,251; A.III,384 sq.; aniccā sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā ‘nattā ca saṅkhātā:nibbānañ c’eva paññatti anattā iti nicchayā Vin.V,86.On <i>anicca </i>&<i> anattā</i> in rel.to N.see also S.IV,133 sq.; A.IV,353; dukkhato &#38; sukhato n°ṃ samanupassati A.III,442.On comparison with a lamp see e.g.S.I,159=D.II,157= Th.1,906 (pajjotass’eva nibbānaṃ vimokkho cetaso ahū),A.IV,3 (pajjotass’eva n.vimokkho hoti cetaso); Sn.235 (...te khīṇabījā avirūḷhichandā nibbanti dhīrā yathâyaṃ padīpo).<br><br> <i>--abhirata</i> fond of N.(cp.III,3) S.I,38; A.III,435; Sn.86 (visalla+); <i>--ogadha</i> merging into N.(of brahmacariya) S.III,189; V,218; A.II,26=It.28; Vbh.426,cp.amatogadha A.V,107; <i>--gamana</i> (magga; cp.III,2) leading to N.D.II,223; S.I,186,217; A.IV,83; (dhamma:) S.V,11; Sn.233; <i>--dhātu</i> the sphere or realm of N.always in phrase anupādisesāsaya n.-dhātuyā parinibbāyate Vin.II,239; D.III,135; It.38,121; Ps.I,101; cp.rāgavinayo n.-dhātuyā adhivacanaṃ S.V,8.See parinibbāyin; <i>--ninna</i> (+°poṇa,°pabbhāra; cp.III,3) converging into N.A.III,443; Vv 84<sup>42</sup> &#38; passim; <i>--paṭisaññuta</i> (dhammikathā; cp.III,2) relating or referring to N.S.I,114=192=210; Ud.80; <i>--patta</i> having attained N.(diṭṭha-dhamma°,see above III,5) S.II,18=114= III,163; <i>--patti</i> attainment of N.S.I,48,214=Sn.186; <i>--pada</i>=Nibbāna (see pada 3) Sn.204.<i>--pariyosāna</i> ending in N.having its final goal in N.S.III,189; V,218; A.V,107; <i>--saṃvattanika</i> conducive to N.; contributing toward the attainment of N.S.V,97; Nd<sup>2</sup> 281 (a°); cp.above III,7; <i>--sacchikiriyā</i> realisation of N.(identical with ñāṇa and constituting the highest ideal; cp.above III,2) Sn.267.Cp.also D.II,290; S.V,167; A.III,423; V,141; <i>--saññā</i> perception of N.A.III,443; <i>--sampatti</i> successful attainment of N.Kh VIII,13; <i>--sampadā</i> the blessing of the attainment of N.A.IV,239.(Page 362),7,1
  7197. 295542,en,15,nibbanatha,nibbanatha,Nibbanatha,Nibbanatha,(adj.) [nis+vanatha] free from lust or cravings SI.180,186 (so ‘haṃ vane nibbanatho visallo); Th.1,526; Dh.344; Dāvs.I,18.(Page 362),10,1
  7198. 295582,en,15,nibbanka,nibbaṅka,Nibbaṅka,Nibbaṅka,(adj.) [nis+vaṅka] not crooked,straight DhA.I,288.(Page 362),8,1
  7199. 295617,en,15,nibbapana,nibbāpana,Nibbāpana,Nibbāpana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.nibbāpeti] means of extinguishing,extinction,quenching S.I,188 (cittaṃ pariḍayhati:nibbāpanaṃ brūhi=allayment of the glow); A.IV,320 (celassa n°āya chandaṃ karoti:try to put out the burning cloth); Miln.302 (jhāyamāno n°ṃ alabhamāno),318 (pariḷāha°).(Page 365),9,1
  7200. 295673,en,15,nibbapeti,nibbāpeti,Nibbāpeti,Nibbāpeti,[Sk.ni(r)vārayati,Caus.of ni(r)varati,influenced in meaning by nirvāpayati.Caus.of nirvāti= make cool by blowing (e.g.RV X.16<sup>13</sup>).See nibbuta on etym.] 1.to extinguish,put out,quench S.I,188 (mahārāgaṃ); It.93 (rāg-aggiṃ; &#38; nibbāpetvā aggiṃ nipakā parinibbanti); cp.aggiṃ nijjāleti J.VI,495; Pv.I,8<sup>5</sup> (vārinā viya osiñcaṃ sabbaṃ daraṃ nibbāpaye); Miln.304 (aggikhandhaṃ mahāmegho abhippavassitvā n.),318 (nibbāpehi me hadaya-pariḷāhaṃ),410 (megho uṇhaṃ n.); DhA.II,241 (fire); Sdhp.552 (bhavadukkh’aggiṃ).-- 2.to cleanse,purify (cittaṃ,one’s heart) Vism.305.-- pp.<i>nibbāpita</i>.See also nibbāpana.(Page 365),9,1
  7201. 295695,en,15,nibbapita,nibbāpita,Nibbāpita,Nibbāpita,(adj.) [pp.of nibbāpeti] extinguished,put out,quenched J.III,99 (=nicchuddha).(Page 365),9,1
  7202. 295716,en,15,nibbasana,nibbasana,Nibbasana,Nibbasana,(adj.) [nis+vasana] no longer worn,cast off (of cloth) S.II,202,221.(Page 362),9,1
  7203. 295728,en,15,nibbati,nibbāti,Nibbāti,Nibbāti,[see nibbuta etym.; influenced in meaning by Sk.nirvāti,nis+vāti to blow,i.e.to make cool,see vāyati &#38; nibbāpeti] (Instr.) to cool off (lit. &#38; fig.),to get cold,to become passionless Sn.235 (nibbanti dhīrā yathâyaṃ padīpo=vijjhāyanti; yathâyaṃ padīpo nibbuto evaṃ nibbanti KhA 194,195),915 (kathaṃ disvā nibbāti bhikkhu=rāgaṃ etc.nibbāpeti Nd<sup>1</sup> 344); J.IV,391 (pāyāsaṃ).See also parinibbāti (e.g.Vbh.426).(Page 362),7,1
  7204. 295748,en,15,nibbatta,nibbatta,Nibbatta,Nibbatta,(pp.) [Sk.nirvṛtta,nis+vaṭṭa,pp.of nibbattati] existing,having existed,being reborn Vin.I,215 (n.bījaṃ phalaṃ fruit with seed); J.I,168; II,111; PvA.10 (niraye),35 (petayoniyaṃ),100 (pubbe n.-ṭhānato paṭṭhāya); Miln.268 (kamma°,hetu° &#38; utu°).-Cp.abhi°.(Page 361),8,1
  7205. 295820,en,15,nibbattaka,nibbattaka,Nibbattaka,Nibbattaka,(adj.) [cp.nibbatta] producing,yielding PvA.26 (phala °ṃ kusalakammaṃ),126 (=sukha°=sukhāvaha).(Page 361),10,1
  7206. 295895,en,15,nibbattana,nibbattana,Nibbattana,Nibbattana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.nibbattati] growing,coming forth; (re)birth,existence,life J.II,105; PvA.5 (devaloke n-araha deserving rebirth in the world of gods) 9,67 etc.(Page 361),10,1
  7207. 295904,en,15,nibbattanaka,nibbattanaka,Nibbattanaka,Nibbattanaka,(adj.) [fr.nibbattana] 1.arising,coming out,growing ThA.259 (akkhidalesu n.pīḷikā).-- 2.one destined to be reborn,a candidate of rebirth J.III,304 (sagge).(Page 361),12,1
  7208. 295993,en,15,nibbattapana,nibbattāpana,Nibbattāpana,Nibbattāpana,(nt.) [fr.nibbattāpeti,see nibbatteti] reproduction Miln.97.(Page 361),12,1
  7209. 296073,en,15,nibbattati,nibbattati,Nibbattati,Nibbattati,[nis+vattati] to come out from (cp.E.turn out),arise,become,be produced,result,come into being,be reborn,ex-ist (=nir-vatt) Dh.338; Pv.I,1<sup>1</sup> (nibbattate); ThA.259 (=jāyati); DhA.III,173; PvA.8 (=uppajjati) 71 (id.); ger.<i>nibbattitvā</i> J.II,158 (kapiyoniyaṃ); PvA.68,78; aor.<i>nibbatti</i> J.I,221; PvA.14 (Avīcimhi),67 (petesu),73 (amaccakule).-- pp.<i>nibbatta</i> (q.v.).Caus.<i>nibbatteti</i> (q.v.).Cp.abhi°.(Page 361),10,1
  7210. 296171,en,15,nibbatteti,nibbatteti,Nibbatteti,Nibbatteti,[nis+vatteti,Caus.of nibbattati] to produce,bring forth; practise,perform; to bring to light,find something lost (at Miln.218) Nd<sup>2</sup>=jāneti (s.v.); J.I,66,140; III,396 (jhānâbhiññaṃ); PvA.76 (jhānāni), 30; Miln.200; Sdhp.470.-- pp.<i>nibbattita</i> (q.v.); 2nd Caus.<i>nibbattāpeti</i> to cause rebirth DhA.III,484; see also nibbattāpana.-- Cp.abhi°.(Page 361),10,1
  7211. 296203,en,15,nibbatti,nibbatti,Nibbatti,Nibbatti,(f.) [Sk.nirvṛtti,nis+vatti] constitution,product; rebirth J.I,47; Nett 28,79; Vism.199,649; VvA.10.Cp.abhi°.(Page 361),8,1
  7212. 296258,en,15,nibbattin,nibbattin,Nibbattin,Nibbattin,(adj.) [fr.nibbatti] arising,having rebirth,in neg.<i>anibbattin</i> not to be born again J.VI,573.(Page 361),9,1
  7213. 296296,en,15,nibbattita,nibbattita,Nibbattita,Nibbattita,(adj.) [pp.of nibbatteti] done,produced,brought forth PvA.150 (a°kusalakamma=akata).(Page 361),10,1
  7214. 296435,en,15,nibbayati,nibbāyati,Nibbāyati,Nibbāyati,[Sk.ni-(or nir-)vriyate,Pass.of ni(r)varati,influenced by nirvāyati intrs.to cease to blow; see on etym. &#38; Pāli derivation nibbuta] 1.to be cooled or refreshed,to be covered up=to be extinguished,go out (of fire),to cease to exist,always used with ref.to fire or heat or (fig.) burning sensations (see nibbāna II.A end):<i>aggikkhandho</i> purimassa ca upādānassa puriyādānā aññassa ca anupāhārā anāhāro nibbāyeyya S.II,85 (opp.jāleyya); do.of telaṃ &#38; vaṭṭiṃ paṭicca <i>telappadīpo</i> n.S.II,86=III,126=IV.213=V.319; sace te purato so <i>aggi</i> nibbāyeyya jāneyyāsi tvaṃ:ayaṃ ...aggi nibbuto M.I,487; A.IV,70 (<i>papaṭikā</i> n.); aggi udake <i>tiṇukkā</i> viya n.J.I,212; <i>mātuhadayaṃ</i> n.J.I,61; <i>aggi</i> upādāna-saṅkhayā n.Miln.304.-- aor.<i>nibbāyi</i> [Sk.niravāri] J.I,27 (mano n.:was refreshed) 212 (aggi udake n.:was extinguished); VI,349 (cooled down).-- 2.to go out (of light) Vism.430 (dīpā nibbāyiṃsu the lights went out); ThA.154 (dīpacci n.nirāsanā:went out).See also parinibbāyati &#38; cp.nibbuta,nibbāpeti,nibbāpana.(Page 365),9,1
  7215. 296449,en,15,nibbayin,nibbāyin,Nibbāyin,Nibbāyin,see pari°.(Page 365),8,1
  7216. 296474,en,15,nibbecikiccha,nibbecikicchā,Nibbecikicchā,Nibbecikicchā,=nibbicikicchā certainty,doubtlessness Nd<sup>2</sup> 185 (opp.savicikicchā).(Page 366),13,1
  7217. 296493,en,15,nibbedha,nibbedha,Nibbedha,Nibbedha,[nis+vedha,to <em>vyadh</em>] penetration,insight; adj.:penetrating,piercing,scrutinising,sharp.Freq.in phrase <i>nibbedha-bhāgiya</i> (sharing the quality of penetration),with ref.to samādhi,saññā etc.[cp.BSk.nirvedha° Divy 50; but also nirbheda° AvŚ II.181,of kusalamūlāni; expl<sup>d</sup> as lobhakkhandhassa (etc.) nibbijjhanāni at Nett 274] D.III,251,277; A.III,427; Vbh.330; Nett 21,48,143 sq.,153 sq.; Vism.15,88; DhsA.162.-- Also in nibbedha-gāminī (paññā) It.35; &#38; <i>dunnibbedha</i> (hard to penetrate,difficult to solve Miln.155,233 (pañha); spelt <i>dunniveṭha</i> at Miln.90).(Page 366),8,1
  7218. 296522,en,15,nibbedhaka,nibbedhaka,Nibbedhaka,Nibbedhaka,(adj.) [nis+vedhaka,to <em>vyadh</em>] piercing,sharp,penetrating,discriminating; only in f.<i>nibbedhikā</i> (cp.āvedhikā),appl<sup>d</sup> to <i>paññā</i> (wisdom) D.III,237,268; S.V,197,199; M.I,356; A.I,45; II,167; III,152; 410 sq.,416; V,15; Ps.II,201; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235,3<sup>a</sup> (+tikkha-paññā),415,689; J.II,9,297; IV,267.(Page 366),10,1
  7219. 296570,en,15,nibbejaniya,nibbejaniya,Nibbejaniya,Nibbejaniya,at S.I,124 should probably be read as <i>nibbeṭhaniya</i> (rejecting,evading).(Page 366),11,1
  7220. 296581,en,15,nibbematika,nibbematika,Nibbematika,Nibbematika,(adj.) [nis+vimati+ka] not disagreeing,of one accord,unanimous Vin.II,65; DhA.I,34.(Page 366),11,1
  7221. 296606,en,15,nibbethana,nibbeṭhana,Nibbeṭhana,Nibbeṭhana,(nt.) [Sk.nirveṣṭana,nis+veṭhana] unwinding,fig.explanation Miln.28.(Page 366),10,1
  7222. 296638,en,15,nibbetheti,nibbeṭheti,Nibbeṭheti,Nibbeṭheti,[Sk.nirveṣṭate,nis+veṭheti,to twist round] 1.to unravel,untwist,unwind; to explain,make clear D.I,54 (nibbeṭhiyamāna,v.l.BB nibbedh°); Pv IV.3<sup>29</sup> (°ento=niveṭhīyamāna PvA.253 v.l.BB nibbedh°); Miln.3; Sdhp.153.-- 2.to deny,reject Vin.II,79; D.I,3 (=apanetabba Com.); S.III,12 (v.l.BB °dh°).‹-› 3.to give an evasive answer Vin.III,162.-- See also nibbejaniya.-- pp.<i>nibbeṭhita</i>,q.v.(Page 366),10,1
  7223. 296652,en,15,nibbethita,nibbeṭhita,Nibbeṭhita,Nibbeṭhita,[pp.of nibbeṭheti] explained,unravelled,made clear Miln.123 (su°).(Page 366),10,1
  7224. 296664,en,15,nibbhacceti,nibbhacceti,Nibbhacceti,Nibbhacceti,[Sk.nirbhartsayati,nis+bhaccheti] to threaten,revile,scorn J.III,338.(Page 366),11,1
  7225. 296683,en,15,nibbhaya,nibbhaya,Nibbhaya,Nibbhaya,(adj.) [nis+bhaya] free from fear or danger,fearless,unafraid J.I,274; III,80; V,287; Vism.512.(Page 366),8,1
  7226. 296713,en,15,nibbhoga,nibbhoga,Nibbhoga,Nibbhoga,[ni+bhoga<sup>2</sup>] bending,contortion J.II,264 (oṭṭha°).(Page 366),8,1
  7227. 296714,en,15,nibbhoga,nibbhoga,Nibbhoga,Nibbhoga,(adj.) [Sk.nirbhoga,nis+bhoga<sup>1</sup>] deprived of enjoyment; deserted,being of no avail,useless J.VI,556; Pv.I,12.Cp.vi°.(Page 366),8,1
  7228. 296724,en,15,nibbhujati,nibbhujati,Nibbhujati,Nibbhujati,[Sk.ni- or nirbhujati,nis+bhujati] to twist round,bend,wind,contort oneself Miln.253.Cp.vi°.(Page 366),10,1
  7229. 296738,en,15,nibbicikiccha,nibbicikicchā,Nibbicikicchā,Nibbicikicchā,(f.) [nis+vicikicchā] surety,reliance,trust S.II,84; V,221 (=nikkaṅkhā); VvA.85 (=ekaṃsikā).(Page 365),13,1
  7230. 296750,en,15,nibbida,nibbidā,Nibbidā,Nibbidā,(f.) [Sk.nirvid,f.(also BSk.e.g.Lal.V,300) &#38; nirveda; to nibbindati] weariness,disgust with worldly life,tedium,aversion,indifference,disenchantment.N.is of the preliminary &#38; conditional states for the attainment of Nibbāna (see nibbāna II B 1) &#38; occurs frequently together with <i>virāga</i>,<i> vimutti </i>&<i> nibbāna</i> in the formula:etaṃ ekanta-nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya ...sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati “this leads to being thoroughly tired (of the world),to dispassionateness,to destruction (of egoism),to perfect wisdom,to Nibbāna,” e.g.at D.I,189; S.V,82,179,255,361; A.III,83; IV,143; V,216.-- In other connections:Vin.I,15 (nibbidāya cittaṃ saṇṭhāsi); D.III,130 sq.; S.II,30; III,40; 179,189; IV,86,141 (read nibbidāya for nibbindāya?); A.I,51,64; III,19,200,325 sq.; IV,99,336; V,2 sq.,311 sq.; J.I,97; IV,471,473; Sn.340; Ps.I,195; II,43 sq.; Vbh.330; Nett 27,29; Vism.650.Cp.abhi°.(Page 365),7,1
  7231. 296814,en,15,nibbiddha,nibbiddha,Nibbiddha,Nibbiddha,[pp.of nibbijjhati] 1.in phrase <i>°piṅgala</i> (with) disgustingly red (eyes) (perhaps=nibbiṇṇa?) J.V,42 (of a giant).-- 2.with ref.to a road:broken up,i.e.much frequented,busy street J.VI,276 (of vīthi,bazaar,in contrast with a-nibbiddha-raccha carriage-road,which is not a thoroughfare.The reading patatthiyo <i>at</i> J.VI,276,for which nibbiddha-vīthiyo is the C.expl<sup>n</sup> is to be corrected into pathaddhiyo).(Page 365),9,1
  7232. 296876,en,15,nibbijjhati,nibbijjhati,Nibbijjhati,Nibbijjhati,[nis+vijjhati,<em>vyadh</em>] to pierce,transfix,wound S.V,88 (+padāleti); Sdhp.153 (patodehi).ger.<i>nibbijjha</i> Sn.940 (=paṭivijjhitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 420).-- pp.<i>nibbiddha</i>.Cp.abhi°.(Page 365),11,1
  7233. 296904,en,15,nibbikappa,nibbikappa,Nibbikappa,Nibbikappa,[nis+vikappa] distinction,distinguishing Vism.193.(Page 365),10,1
  7234. 296913,en,15,nibbikara,nibbikāra,Nibbikāra,Nibbikāra,(adj.) [nis+vikāra] steady,unchanged,steadfast; persevering J.I,66; PvA.178,253 (+nicca); SnA 189,497; Vism.311.(Page 365),9,1
  7235. 296955,en,15,nibbindati,nibbindati,Nibbindati,Nibbindati,[nis+vindati,<em>vid</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>] to get wearied of (c.Loc.); to have enough of,be satiated,turn away from,to be disgusted with.In two roots A.<em>vind</em><i>:</i> prs.nibbindati etc.usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>virajjati </i>&<i> vimuccati</i> (cp.nibbāna III,2).Vin.I,35; S.II,94; IV,86,140; A.V,3; Dh.277 sq.; It.33; J.I,267; Miln.235,244; Sdhp.612.ppr.<i>nibbindaṃ</i> S.IV,86; PvA.36 (nibbinda-mānasa); ger.<i>nibbindiya</i> J.V,121 (°kārin).-- B.<i>vid:</i> Pot.<i>nibbide</i> (v.l.BB nibbije) J.V,368 (=nibbindeyya Com.); ger.<i>nibbijjitvā</i> J.I,82, &#38; <i>nibbijja</i> Sn.448=S.I,124 (nibbijjâpema=nibbijja pakkameyya SnA 393).-- pp.<i>nibbiṇṇa</i>.See also <i>nibbidā</i>.(Page 365),10,1
  7236. 296984,en,15,nibbinna,nibbiṇṇa,Nibbiṇṇa,Nibbiṇṇa,(adj.) [Sk.nirviṇṇa,pp.of nibbindati] tired of,disgusted with (c.Instr.or Loc.),wearied of,dissatisfied with,“fed up” J.I,347; VI,62; Th.2,478 (=viratta ThA.286); DhA.I,85 (°hadaya); VvA.207 (°rūpa); PvA.159 (tattha-vāsena n-mānaso tired of living there),272 (°rūpa),283 (°rūpa,tired of:purohite).(Page 365),8,1
  7237. 297003,en,15,nibbiriya,nibbiriya,Nibbiriya,Nibbiriya,(adj.) [nis+viriya] lacking in strength,indolent,slothful,weak J.IV,131; PvA.175 (=alasa,kusīta).(Page 365),9,1
  7238. 297017,en,15,nibbisa,nibbisa,Nibbisa,Nibbisa,[to nibbisati] earnings,wages Th.1,606=1003= Miln.45 (cp.Manu VI,45); SnA 38.(Page 365),7,1
  7239. 297025,en,15,nibbisanka,nibbisaṅka,Nibbisaṅka,Nibbisaṅka,(adj.) [nis+visaṅka,Sk.viśaṅkā] fearless,not hesitating,undaunted SnA 61.(Page 365),10,1
  7240. 297037,en,15,nibbisati,nibbisati,Nibbisati,Nibbisati,[nis+visati] to enter into; to earn,gain,find,enjoy,only in pp.<i>anibbisaṃ</i> not finding Th.2,159 (=avindanto ThA.142); J.I,76=Dh.153.-- pp.<i>nibbiṭṭha</i>.See also nibbisa.(Page 365),9,1
  7241. 297042,en,15,nibbisaya,nibbisaya,Nibbisaya,Nibbisaya,(adj.) [nis+visaya] having no residence,banished,driven from (-°) J.II,401.(Page 366),9,1
  7242. 297049,en,15,nibbisesa,nibbisesa,Nibbisesa,Nibbisesa,(adj.) [nis+visesa] showing no difference,without distinction,equal,similar J.II,32; VI,355; Miln.249.(Page 366),9,1
  7243. 297059,en,15,nibbisevana,nibbisevana,Nibbisevana,Nibbisevana,(adj.) [nis+visevana] not self-indulgent,selfdenying,meek,tame,gentle J.II,210 (dametvā nibbisevanaṃ katvā),351; V,34,381,456; VI,255; DhA.I,288 (cittaṃ ujuṃ akuṭilaṃ n.karoti),295; VvA.284 (°bhava =jitindriya).(Page 366),11,1
  7244. 297089,en,15,nibbittha,nibbiṭṭha,Nibbiṭṭha,Nibbiṭṭha,(pp.) [nis+viṭṭha,of nibbisati] gained,earned Vin.IV,265; Sn.25; SnA 38.(Page 365),9,1
  7245. 297098,en,15,nibbivara,nibbivara,Nibbivara,Nibbivara,(adj.) [nis+vivara] without holes or fissures,without omissions J.V,429; VvA.275 (=atīva saṅgata).(Page 365),9,1
  7246. 297106,en,15,nibbuddha,nibbuddha,Nibbuddha,Nibbuddha,[Sk.niyuddha,pp.of nibbujjhati] wrestling,fist-fight D.I,6 (=mallayuddhaṃ DA.I,85); DhsA.403.(Page 366),9,1
  7247. 297118,en,15,nibbujjhati,nibbujjhati,Nibbujjhati,Nibbujjhati,[ni+yujjhati,<em>yudh</em>.Pāli form difficult to explain:niy°=niyy°=nivv°=nibb°] to wrestle,to fight with fists Vin.III,180.-- pp.<i>nibbuddha</i>.(Page 366),11,1
  7248. 297128,en,15,nibbusitatta,nibbusitattā,Nibbusitattā,Nibbusitattā,(nibbusitattan?) [Sk.*nir-vasit-ātman or *nirvasitatvaṃ (nt.abstr.),to nis-vasati,cp.nirvāsana =nibbisaya] a dislocated or disconcerted mind,unrest,uneasiness D.I,17.(Page 366),12,1
  7249. 297133,en,15,nibbuta,nibbuta,Nibbuta,Nibbuta,(adj.) [Nibbuta represents Sk.nirvṛta (e.g.AvŚ I.48) as well as nivṛta,both pp.of <em>vṛ</em>,which in itself combines two meanings,as exhibited in cognate languages and in Sk.itself:(a) Idg.<i>ǔer</i> to cover,cover up (Lat.aperio=*apa-ver<i>ị</i>o to cover up,Sk.varutram upper garment,“cover”) and (b) <i>*ǔel</i> to resolve,roll,move (Lat.volvo=revolve; Gr.e(λic,e)lu/w; Sk.vāṇa reed=Lat.ulva; Sk.ūrmi wave; P.valli creeper,valita wrinkled).<i>*ǔer</i> is represented in P.by e.g.vivarati to open,nivāreti to cover,obstruct,nīvaraṇa,nivāraṇa obstruction; <i>*ǔel</i> by āvuta,khandh-āvāra,parivāra,vyāvaṭa (busy with=moving about),samparivāreti.Thus we gain the two meanings comb<sup>d</sup> and used promiscuously in the one word because of their semantic affinity:(a) <i>*nivṛta</i> covered up,extinguished,quenched,and (b) <i>*nirvṛta</i> without movement,with motion finished (cp.niṭṭhita),ceasing,exhaustion,both represented by P.<i>nibbuta</i>.-- In derivations we have besides the rootform <em>vṛ</em> (=P.bbu°) that with guṇa <em>vṝ</em> (cp.Sk.vārayati,vrāyati) or <em>vrā</em>=P.* bbā° (with which also cp.paṭivāṇa=*prativāraṇa).The former is in nibbuti (ceasing,extinction,with meaning partly influenced by nibbuṭṭhi=Sk.nirvṛṣṭi pouring of water),the latter in Instr.<i>nibbāti</i> and <i>nibbāyati</i> (to cease or to go out) and trs.<i>nibbāpeti</i> (Caus.:to make cease,to stop or cool) and further in <i>nibbāna</i> (nt.Instr.abstr.) (the dying out)] (lit.) extinguished (of fire),cooled,quenched (fig.) desireless (often with nicchāta &#38; sītibhūta),appeased,pleased,happy.-- (a) (lit.) aggi anāhāro n.M.I,487; Sn.19 (ginī n.=magga-salila-sekena n.SnA 28); J.IV,391 (anibbute pāyāse); Miln.304 (aggikkhandha),346 (mahāmeghena n°ṃ pathaviṃ); ThA.154 (anupādānā dīp’accī); KhA 194 (padīpo n.).-- (b) (fig.) comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>sītibhūta</i> ( &#38; nicchāta):Vin.I,8; M.I,341; A.II,208 =D.III,233=Pug.56,61; A.IV,410; V,65; Sn.593,707; Pv.I,8<sup>7</sup>.-- In phrase <i>anupādāya nibbuta:</i> S.II,279; A.I,162; IV,290=Dh.414=Sn.638.-- In other connections:attadaṇḍesu n.sādānesu anādāno S.I,236= Dh.406=Sn.630; aññāya nibbutā dhīrā S.I,24; tadaṅgan.S.III,43; ejânugo anejassa nibbutassa anibbuto It.91; vītataṇho n.Sn.1041; tiṇṇa-sokapariddavo n.Dh.196; rāg’aggimhi n. &#38; n.mātā,pitā,nārī J.I,60; n.veyyākaraṇena Miln.347; upādānānaṃ abhāvena ...kilesanibbānena n.DhA.IV,194.-- See also <i>abhinibbuta</i> and <i>parinibbuta</i>.(Page 366),7,1
  7250. 297186,en,15,nibbuti,nibbuti,Nibbuti,Nibbuti,(f.) [Sk.nirvṛti,abstr.to nibbuta] allayment,refreshment,cooling,peace,happiness J.I,3 (khemaṃ pariyessāmi n°ṃ); Sn.228 (nikkāmino n°ṃ bhuñjamānā),917,933 (santī ti n°ṃ ñatvā); Nd<sup>1</sup> 399; Pv.I,7<sup>4</sup> (n°ṃ n’âdhigacchāmi=quenching of hunger &#38; thirst); KhA 185 (=paṭippassaddha-kilesa-daratha).(Page 366),7,1
  7251. 297233,en,15,nibbuyhati,nibbuyhati,Nibbuyhati,Nibbuyhati,[Sk.niruhyate,nis+vuyhati,Pass.of vahati,cp.nibbāhati] to be led out to (c.Acc.):susānaṃ Th.2,468 (=upanīyati ThA.284); to be led out of=to be saved S.I,1,cp.RV I.117,14; VI,62,6.(Page 366),10,1
  7252. 297242,en,15,nibha,nibha,Nibha,Nibha,(adj.) [Sk.nibha,to bhāti] shining; like,equal to,resembling (-°) J.V,372; Vv 40<sup>1</sup>; Pv IV.3<sup>12</sup>; VvA.122 (vaṇṇa°=vaṇṇa); Nd<sup>2</sup> 608.(Page 366),5,1
  7253. 297249,en,15,nibha,nibhā,Nibhā,Nibhā,(f.) [to nibha] shine,lustre,splendour VvA.179 (nibhāti dippatī ti nibhā).(Page 366),5,1
  7254. 297259,en,15,nibhata,nibhatā,Nibhatā,Nibhatā,(f.) [abstr.to nibha] likeness,appearance VvA.27.(Page 366),7,1
  7255. 297263,en,15,nibhata,nībhata,Nībhata,Nībhata,[cp.Sk.nirbhṛta,pp.of nis+<em>bhṛ</em>] bought out J.III,471.(Page 375),7,1
  7256. 297269,en,15,nibhati,nibhāti,Nibhāti,Nibhāti,[ni+bhāti] to shine VvA.179 (=dippati).(Page 366),7,1
  7257. 297280,en,15,nibodhati,nibodhati,Nibodhati,Nibodhati,[ni+bodhati] to attend to,to look out for,to take J.III,151 (=gaṇhati).-- Caus.<i>nibodheti</i> to waken,at Th.1,22 is probably to be read as <i>vibodheti</i>.(Page 361),9,1
  7258. 297288,en,15,nibyaggha,nibyaggha,Nibyaggha,Nibyaggha,see <i>nivyaggha</i>.(Page 366),9,1
  7259. 297299,en,15,nica,nīca,Nīca,Nīca,(adj.) [Vedic nīca,adj.-formation fr.adv.ni°,cp.Sk.nyañc downward] low,inferior,humble (opp.<i>ucca</i> high,fr.adv.ud°) Vin.I,46,47; II,194; D.I,109,179,194; A.V,82; SnA 424 (nīcaṃ karoti to degrade); &#38; passim.<br><br> <i>--kula</i> of low clan J.I,106; Sn.411; --(°ā) <i>kulīna</i> belonging to low caste Sn.462; <i>--cittatā</i> being humble-hearted Dhs.1340; DhsA.395; <i>--pīṭhaka</i> a low stool DhA.IV,177; <i>--mano</i> humble Sn.252 (=nīcacitto SnA 293); <i>--seyyā</i> a low bed A.I,212 (opp.uccâsayana).(Page 375),4,1
  7260. 297433,en,15,nicaya,nicaya,Nicaya,Nicaya,[Sk.nicaya,ni+caya,cp.nicita] heaping up,accumulation; wealth,provisions S.I,93,97; Vin.V,172 (°sannidhi).See also necayika.(Page 355),6,1
  7261. 297459,en,15,nicca,nicca,Nicca,Nicca,(adj.) [Vedic nitya,adj.-formation fr.ni,meaning “downward”=onward,on and on; according to Grassmann (Wtb.z.Rig Veda) originally “inwardly,homely”] constant,continuous,permanent D.III,31; S.I,142; II,109,198; IV,24 sq.,45,63; A.II,33,52; V,210; Ps.II,80; Vbh.335,426.In chain of synonyms:nicca dhuva sassata avipariṇāmadhamma D.I,21; S.III,144,147; see below anicca,-- nt.adv.<i>niccaṃ</i> perpetually,constantly,always (syn.sadā) M.I,326; III,271; Sn.69,220,336; Dh.23,109,206,293; J.I,290; III,26,190; Nd<sup>2</sup> 345 (=dhuvakālaṃ); PvA.32,55,134.‹-› Far more freq.as <i>anicca</i> (adj.; aniccaṃ nt.n.) unstable,impermanent,inconstant; (nt.) evanescence,inconstancy,impermanence.-- The emphatic assertion of impermanence (continuous change of condition) is a prominent axiom of the Dhamma, &#38; the realization of the evanescent character of all things mental or material is one of the primary conditions of attaining right knowledge (:anicca-saññaṃ manasikaroti to ponder over the idea of impermanence S.II,47; III,155; V,132; Ps.II,48 sq.,100; PvA.62 etc.-- kāye anicc’ânupassin realizing the impermanence of the body (together with vayânupassin &#38; nirodha°) S.IV,211; V,324,345; Ps.II,37,45 sq.,241 sq.See anupassanā).In this import anicca occurs in many combinations of similar terms,all characterising change,its consequences &#38; its meaning,esp.in the famous triad “<i>aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā</i>” (see dukkha II.2),e.g.S.III,41,67,180; IV,28 (sabbaṃ),85 sq.,106 sq.; 133 sq.Thus anicca addhuva appāyuka cavanadhamma D.I,21.anicca+dukkha S.II,53 (yad aniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ); IV,28,31,V,345; A.IV,52 (anicce dukkhasaññā); M.I,500 (+roga etc.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 214 (id.cp.roga).anicca dukkha vipariṇāmadhamma (of kāmā) D.I,36.aniccasaññī anattasaññī A.IV,353; etc.‹-› Opposed to this ever-fluctuating impermanence is Nibbāna (q.v.),which is therefore marked with the attributes of constancy &#38; stableness (cp.dhuva,sassata amata,vipariṇāma).-- See further for ref.S.II,244 sq.(saḷāyatanaṃ a.),248 (dhātuyo); III,102 (rūpa etc.); IV,131,151; A.II,33,52; V,187 sq.,343 sq.; Sn.805; Ps.I,191; II,28 sq.,80,106; Vbh.12 (rūpa etc.),70 (dvādasâyatanāni),319 (viññāṇā),324 (khandhā),373; PvA.60 (=ittara).<br><br> <i>--kālaṃ</i> (adv.) constantly Nd<sup>2</sup> 345; <i>--dāna</i> a perpetual gift D.I,144 (cp.DA.I,302); <i>--bhatta</i> a continuous foodsupply (for the bhikkhus) J.I,178; VvA.92; PvA.54; <i>--bhattika</i> one who enjoys a continuous supply of food (as charity) Vin.II,78; III,237 (=dhuva-bhattika); IV,271; <i>--saññā</i> ( &#38; adj.<i>saññin</i>) the consciousness or idea of permanence (adj.having etc.) A.II,52; III,79,334; IV,13,145 sq.; Nett 27; <i>--sīla</i> the uninterrupted observance of good conduct VvA.72; PvA.256.(Page 355),5,1
  7262. 297624,en,15,niccala,niccala,Niccala,Niccala,(adj.) [Sk.niścala,nis+cala] motionless J.IV,2; PvA.95.(Page 355),7,1
  7263. 297699,en,15,niccamma,niccamma,Niccamma,Niccamma,[Sk.niścarman,nis+camma] without skin,excoriated,in <i>°ṃ karoti</i> to flog skinless,to beat the skin off J.III,281.<i>niccamma-gāvī</i> “a skinless cow,” used in a well-known simile at S.II,99,referred to at Vism.341 &#38; 463.(Page 355),8,1
  7264. 298016,en,15,niccata,niccatā,Niccatā,Niccatā,(f.) [abstr.to nicca] continuity,permanence,only as <i>a°</i> changeableness,impermanence S.I,61,204; III,43; IV,142 sq.,216,325.(Page 355),7,1
  7265. 298027,en,15,niccatta,niccatta,Niccatta,Niccatta,(nt.)=niccatā Vism.509.(Page 355),8,1
  7266. 298076,en,15,nicchadeti,nicchādeti,Nicchādeti,Nicchādeti,see nicchodeti.(Page 356),10,1
  7267. 298083,en,15,nicchanda,nicchanda,Nicchanda,Nicchanda,(adj.) [nis+chanda] without desire or excitement J.I,7.(Page 355),9,1
  7268. 298101,en,15,niccharana,niccharaṇa,Niccharaṇa,Niccharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.niccharati] emanation,sending out,expansion,efflux Vism.303.(Page 356),10,1
  7269. 298135,en,15,niccharati,niccharati,Niccharati,Niccharati,[Sk.niścarati,nis+carati] to go out or forth from,to rise,sound forth,come out It.75 (devasadda); Vv 38<sup>2</sup>; J.I,53,176; DhA.I,389; VvA.12,37 (saddā).‹-› Caus.<i>nicchāreti</i> to make come out from,to let go forth,get rid of,emit,utter,give out D.I,53 (anattamanavācam a° not utter a word of discontent); J.III,127; V,416 (madhurassaraṃ); Pug.33; Miln.259 (garahaṃ); Dāvs.I,28 (vācaṃ).(Page 356),10,1
  7270. 298170,en,15,nicchareti,nicchāreti,Nicchāreti,Nicchāreti,Caus.of niccharati,q.v.(Page 356),10,1
  7271. 298215,en,15,nicchata,nicchāta,Nicchāta,Nicchāta,[Sk.*niḥpsāta,nis+chāta] having no hunger,being without cravings,stilled,satisfied.Ep.of an Arahant always in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>nibbuta</i> or <i>parinibbuta:</i> S.III,26 (tanhaṃ abbuyha); IV,204 (vedanānaṃ khayā); M.I,341; 412,A.IV,410; V,65 (sītibhūta); Sn.707 (aniccha),735,758; It.48 (esanānaṃ khayā); Th.2,132 (abbūḷhasalla).-- Expl<sup>d</sup> at Ps.II,243 by nekkhammena kāmacchandato n.; arahattamaggena sabbakilesehi n.muccati.(Page 356),8,1
  7272. 298244,en,15,nicchaya,nicchaya,Nicchaya,Nicchaya,[Sk.niścaya,nis+caya of cināti] discrimination,conviction,certainty; resolution,determination J.I,441 (°mitta a firm friend); DhsA.133 (adhimokkha=its paccupaṭṭhāna); SnA 60 (daḷha° adj.of firm resolution).See vi°.(Page 355),8,1
  7273. 298310,en,15,nicchinati,nicchināti,Nicchināti,Nicchināti,[Sk.niścinoti,nis+cināti] to discriminate,consider,investigate,ascertain; pot.<i>niccheyya</i> Sn.785 (expl<sup>d</sup> by nicchinitvā vinicchinitvā etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 76); Dh.256 (gloss K vinicchaye).-- pp.<i>nicchita</i>.(Page 356),10,1
  7274. 298328,en,15,nicchita,nicchita,Nicchita,Nicchita,(adj.) [Sk.niścita,nis+cita,see nicchināti] determined,convinced Mhvs 7,19.(Page 356),8,1
  7275. 298345,en,15,nicchodeti,nicchodeti,Nicchodeti,Nicchodeti,( &#38; v.l.<i>nicchādeti</i>) [shows a confusion of two roots,which are both of Prk.origin,viz.<i>chaḍḍ</i> &#38; <i>choṭ</i>,the former=P.chaḍḍeti,the latter=Sk.kṣodayati or BSk.chorayati,Apabhraṃśa chollai; with which cp.P.chuddha] to shake or throw about,only in phrase <i>odhunāti nidhunāti nicchodeti</i> at S.III,155=M.I,229= 374=A.III,365,where S has correct reading (v.l.°choṭeti); M has °chādeti (v.l.°chodeti); A has °chedeti (v.l.°choreti,°chāreti; gloss nippoṭeti).The C.on A.III,365 has:<i>nicchedetī</i> ti bāhāya vā rukkhe vā paharati.-- nicchedeti (<em>chid</em>) is pardonable because of Prk.chollai “to cut.” Cp.also nicchubhati with v.l.BB nicchurāti.For sound change P.ch ‹ Sk.<em>kṣ</em> cp.P.chamā‹ kṣamā,chārikā‹ kṣāra,churikā‹ kṣurikā etc.(Page 356),10,1
  7276. 298353,en,15,nicchubhana,nicchubhana,Nicchubhana,Nicchubhana,(nt.) [see nicchubhati] throwing out,ejection,being an outcaste Miln.357.(Page 356),11,1
  7277. 298363,en,15,nicchubhati,nicchubhati,Nicchubhati,Nicchubhati,[Sk.*niḥkṣubhati,nis+khubhati or chubhati,cp.chuddha &#38; khobha,also nicchodeti &#38; upacchubhati and see Trenckner,Miln.pp.423,424] to throw out J.III,512 (=nīharati Com.; v.l.nicchurāti); Miln.187.-- pp.nicchuddha q.v.(Page 356),11,1
  7278. 298368,en,15,nicchuddha,nicchuddha,Nicchuddha,Nicchuddha,(adj.) [Sk.niḥkṣubdha,nis+chuddha,see nicchubhati] thrown out J.III,99 (=nibbāpita,nikkhāmita); Miln.130.(Page 356),10,1
  7279. 298373,en,15,niccittaka,niccittaka,Niccittaka,Niccittaka,(adj.) [Sk.niścitta,nis+citta (ka)] thoughtless J.II,298.(Page 355),10,1
  7280. 298381,en,15,niccola,niccola,Niccola,Niccola,(adj.) [nis-cola] without dress,naked PvA.32 (=nagga).(Page 355),7,1
  7281. 298417,en,15,niceyya,nīceyya,Nīceyya,Nīceyya,(adj.) [compar.of nīca (for °īya?),in function of °eyya as “of the kind of,” sort of,rather] lower,inferior,rather low M.I,329; Sn.855,918; Nd<sup>1</sup> 244,351.(Page 375),7,1
  7282. 298432,en,15,nicita,nicita,Nicita,Nicita,(adj.) [Sk.nicita,ni+cita,of nicināti] heaped up,full,thick,massed,dense Th.2,480 (of hair); PvA.221 (ussanna uparûpari nicita,of Niraya).(Page 355),6,1
  7283. 298440,en,15,nicula,nicula,Nicula,Nicula,[Sk.nicula] a plant (Barringtonia acutangula) VvA.134.(Page 355),6,1
  7284. 298465,en,15,nidagha,nidāgha,Nidāgha,Nidāgha,[Sk.nidāgha,fr.nidahati,ni+dahati<sup>2</sup>,see ḍahati] heat,summer-heat,summer,drought J.I,221 (-samaya dry season); II,80; Vism.259 (°samaya,where KhA 58 reads sarada-samaya); PvA.174 (-kāla summer).fig.J.IV,285; V,404; Dāvs II.60.(Page 358),7,1
  7285. 298481,en,15,nidahaka,nidāhaka,Nidāhaka,Nidāhaka,(adj.) [fr.nidahati] one who puts away,one who has the office of keeper or warder (of robes:cīvara°) Vin.I,284.(Page 358),8,1
  7286. 298517,en,15,nidahati,nidahati,Nidahati,Nidahati,[Sk.nidadhāti,ni+dahati<sup>1</sup>] to lay down or aside,deposit; accumulate,hoard,bury (a treasure) Vin.I,46 (cīvaraṃ); Miln.271; ger.<i>nidahitvā</i> PvA.97 (dhanadhaññaṃ) &#38; <i>nidhāya</i> Dh.142,405; Sn.35 (daṇḍaṃ),394,629; Nd<sup>2</sup> 348; pres.also <i>nidheti</i> KhA 217,219; fut.<i>nidhessati</i> PvA.132.Pass.<i>nidhīyati</i> KhA 217.Caus.<i>nidhāpeti</i> PvA.130 (bhoge).See also nidāhaka,nidhāna &#38; nidhi; also upanidhāya.(Page 358),8,1
  7287. 298573,en,15,nidana,nidāna,Nidāna,Nidāna,(nt.) [Sk.nidāna,ni+*dāna of <em>dā</em>,dyati to bind,cp.Gr.dέsma,dhμa (fetter) &#38; see dāma] (a) (n.) tying down to; ground (lit.or fig.),foundation,occasion; source,origin,cause; reason,reference,subject (“sujet”) M.I,261; A.I,134 sq.; 263 sq.,338; II,196; IV,128 sq.; Dhs.1059 (dukkha°,source of pain),1136; Nett 3,32; Miln.272 (of disease:pathology,ætiology),344 (°paṭhanakusala,of lawyers); PvA.132,253.‹-› (b) (adj.-°) founded on,caused by,originating in,relating to S.V,213 sq.(a° &#38; sa°); A.I,82 (id.); Sn.271 (ito°),866 (kuto°),1050 (upadhi°=hetuka,paccayā,kāraṇā Nd<sup>2</sup> 346); 872 (icchā°) etc.; VvA.117 (vimānāni Rājagaha° playing at or referring to R.).-- (c) <i>nidānaṃ</i> (Acc.as adv.) by means of,in consequence of,through,usually with tato° through this,yato° through which D.I,52,73; M.I,112; Pv IV.1<sup>61</sup> (through whom=yaṃ nimittaṃ PvA.242); PvA.281; ito° by this Nd<sup>2</sup> 291<sup>2</sup>.(Page 358),6,1
  7288. 298730,en,15,nidassana,nidassana,Nidassana,Nidassana,(nt.) [Sk.nidarśana,ni+dassana] “pointing at” evidence,example,comparison,apposition,attribute,characteristic; sign,term D.I,223 (a° with no attribute); III,217 (id.); S.IV,370 (id.); A.IV,305 sq.(nīla°,pīta° etc.); Sn.137; Vbh.13,64,70 sq.(sa°,a°); VvA.12,13; PvA.26,121 (pucchanākāra°) 226 (paccakkhabhūtaṃ n.“sign,token”).(Page 358),9,1
  7289. 298754,en,15,nidassati,nidassati,Nidassati,Nidassati,v.l.BB at Sn.785 for <i>nirassati</i> (q.v.) Nd<sup>1</sup> 76 has nid° in text,nir° as v.l.SS; SnA 522 reads nirassati.(Page 358),9,1
  7290. 298780,en,15,nidasseti,nidasseti,Nidasseti,Nidasseti,[Sk.nidarśayati,ni+dasseti] to point out (“down”),explain,show,define VvA.12,13 (°etabbavacana the word to be compared or defined,correl.to nidassana-vacana).-- pp.<i>nidassita</i> (q.v.).(Page 358),9,1
  7291. 298793,en,15,nidassita,nidassita,Nidassita,Nidassita,(pp.) [see nidasseti] pointed out,defined as,termed Pv.I,5<sup>12</sup>; PvA.30.(Page 358),9,1
  7292. 298820,en,15,nidda,nidda,Nidda,Nidda,(nt.) [nis+dara,see darī] a cave Nd<sup>1</sup> 23 (Ep.of kāya).(Page 358),5,1
  7293. 298829,en,15,nidda,niddā,Niddā,Niddā,(f.) [Vedic nidrā,ni+<em>drā</em> in Sk.drāti,drāyate,Idg.<i>*dorē;</i> cp.Gr.(hom.) e)/draqon,Lat.dormio] sleep A.II,48,50; III,251; Sn.926 (opp.jāgariyā),942 (see expl<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 423); J.I,61,192; II,128.-- niddaṃ <i>okkamati</i> to fall asleep Vin.I,15 (niddā?); J.III,538; IV,1; DhA.I,9; VvA.65; PvA.47; °ṃ <i>upagacchati</i> id.PvA.43,105,128.<br><br> <i>--ārāma</i> fond of sleep,slothful,sluggish It.72 (+kammarāma,bhassarata); <i>--ārāmatā</i> fondness of sleep,laziness,sluggishness A.III,116,293 sq.,309 sq.; IV,25 (+kamm°,bhass°); V,164; <i>--sīlin</i> of drowsy habits,slothful,sleepy Sn.96.(Page 358),5,1
  7294. 298893,en,15,niddana,niddāna,Niddāna,Niddāna,(nt.) [Sk.*nirdāna,nis+dāna of dayati<sup>2</sup>,Sk.dāti,cp.dātta] cutting off,mowing,destroying Sn.78 (=chedana lunana uppāṭana SnA 148)=S.I,172; K.S.I.319,cp.niḍḍāyati.(Page 358),7,1
  7295. 298898,en,15,niddanta,niddanta,Niddanta,Niddanta,[so read for niddanna,v.l.niddhā=niddā; cp.supinanta]=niddā J.VI,294.(Page 358),8,1
  7296. 298910,en,15,niddara,niddara,Niddara,Niddara,(adj.) [nis+dara] free from fear,pain or anguish Dh.205=Sn.257 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.III,269 by rāgadarathānaṃ abhāvena n.; at SnA 299 by kilesapariḷāhâbhāvena n.).(Page 358),7,1
  7297. 298934,en,15,niddasa,niddasa,Niddasa,Niddasa,see <i>niddesa</i>.(Page 358),7,1
  7298. 298972,en,15,niddaya,niddaya,Niddaya,Niddaya,(adj.) [Sk.nirdaya,nis+dayā (adj.)] merciless,pitiless,cruel Sdhp.143,159.(Page 358),7,1
  7299. 299008,en,15,niddayati,niḍḍāyati,Niḍḍāyati,Niḍḍāyati,[Sk.nirdāti,nis+dāyati,cp.Sk.nirdātar weeder] to cut out,to weed D.I,231 (niddāyit°); It.56 (as v.l.niddāta for niṇhāta,q.v.); J.I,215.Caus.niḍḍāpeti to cause to weed,to have weeds dug up Vin.II,180.(Page 357),9,1
  7300. 299016,en,15,niddayati,niddāyati,Niddāyati,Niddāyati,[denom.fr.niddā] to sleep D.I,231; J.I,192,266; II,103; V,68,382; DhA.III,175; SnA 169.(Page 358),9,1
  7301. 299041,en,15,niddayitar,niddāyitar,Niddāyitar,Niddāyitar,[n.ag.fr.niddāyati] a sleepy person Dh.325.(Page 358),10,1
  7302. 299063,en,15,niddesa,niddesa,Niddesa,Niddesa,[Sk.nirdeśa,fr.niddisati,cp.desa,desaka etc.] 1.description,attribute,distinction PvA.7 (ukkaṭṭha°); <i>°vatthu</i> object of distinction or praise D.III,253= A.IV,15 (where reading is <i>niddasa</i>,which also as v.l.at D.III,253 &#38; Ps.I,5).-- 2.descriptive exposition,analytic explanation by way of question &#38; answer,interpretation,exegesis Vin.V,114 (sa°); Nett 4,8 38 sq.; Vism.26; DhsA.54; VvA.78; PvA.71,147.‹-› 3.N.of an old commentary (ascribed to Sāriputta) on parts of the Sutta Nipāta (Aṭṭhaka-vagga,interpreted in the Mahā-Niddesa; Pārāyana-vagga and,as a sort of appendix,the Khaggavisāṇa-sutta,interpreted in the Culla-Niddesa); as one of the canonical texts included in the Khuddaka Nikāya; editions in P.T.S.Quoted often in the Visuddhimagga,e.g.p.140,208 sq.etc.(Page 358),7,1
  7303. 299141,en,15,niddha,niḍḍha,Niḍḍha,Niḍḍha,(nt.) [Vedic nīḍa resting-place ni+<em>sad</em> “sitting down”] nest,place,seat Dh.148 (v.l.niḷa).(Page 357),6,1
  7304. 299153,en,15,niddhamana,niddhamana,Niddhamana,Niddhamana,(nt.) [of niddhamati or=*nirdhāvana= °dhovana to dhāvati<sup>2</sup>] drainage,drain,canal Vin.II,120 (udaka°; dhovituṃ immediately preceding); J.I,175,409,425; III,415; IV,28; V,21 (udaka°); DhA.II,37.(Page 358),10,1
  7305. 299157,en,15,niddhamana,niddhamanā,Niddhamanā,Niddhamanā,(f.) [either to niddhamati or to niddhāpeti] throwing out,ejection,expulsion J.V,233 (=nikkaḍḍhanā Com.).(Page 359),10,1
  7306. 299183,en,15,niddhamase,niddhāmase,Niddhāmase,Niddhāmase,at J.IV,48 should probably be read niddhāpaye (as v.l.BB),q.v.(Page 359),10,1
  7307. 299192,en,15,niddhamati,niddhamati,Niddhamati,Niddhamati,[in form=Sk.nirdhmāti,nis+dhamati,but in meaning the verb,as well as its derivations,are influenced by both meanings of niddhāvati (dhāvati<sup>1</sup> &#38; <sup>2</sup>):see niddhāpeti,niddhamana, &#38; niddhovati] to blow away,blow off; to clean,cleanse,purify; to throw out,eject,remove Sn.281=Miln.414 (kāraṇḍavaṃ); Sn.282 (°itvā pāpicche),962 (malaṃ=pajahati (Nd<sup>1</sup> 478); Dh.239 (id.); Miln.43.-- pp.<i>niddhanta</i>).(Page 358),10,1
  7308. 299229,en,15,niddhana,niddhana,Niddhana,Niddhana,(adj.) [nis+dhana] without property,poor J.V,447.(Page 358),8,1
  7309. 299242,en,15,niddhanta,niddhanta,Niddhanta,Niddhanta,(adj.) [pp.of niddhamati,nis+dhanta,q.v.] blown off,removed,cleaned,purified A.I,254 (jātarūpa “loitered,” cp.niddhota); Sn.56 (°kasāva-moha; Com.vijahati); Dh.236 (°mala,malānaṃ nīhaṭatāya DhA.III,336); Nd<sup>2</sup> 347 (=vanta &#38; pahīna); J.VI,218 (of hair; Com.expl<sup>s</sup> siniddharutā,v.l.BB siniddha-anta,thus meant for Sk.snigdhānta).(Page 358),9,1
  7310. 299269,en,15,niddhapeti,niddhāpeti,Niddhāpeti,Niddhāpeti,[Sk.nirdhāvayati,nis+dhāveti (dhāpeti),Caus.of dhāvati<sup>1</sup>; may also stand for niddhamāpeti,Caus.fr.niddhamati,cp.contamination niddhāmase at J.IV,48,unless misread for niddhāpaye,as v.l.BB bears out] to throw out,chase away,expel J.IV,41 (niddhāpayiṃsu),48 (? for niddhāmase).pp.<i>niddhāpita</i>.(Page 359),10,1
  7311. 299273,en,15,niddhapita,niddhāpita,Niddhāpita,Niddhāpita,(adj.) [pp.of niddhāpeti,q.v.] thrown out J.III,99 (v.l.for nibbāpita).(Page 359),10,1
  7312. 299276,en,15,niddharana,niddharaṇa,Niddharaṇa,Niddharaṇa,(nt.) not with Hardy (Index VvA)=Sk.nirdhāraṇa (estimation),but to be read as <i>nittharaṇa</i> (see nittharaṇa<sup>2</sup>).(Page 359),10,1
  7313. 299380,en,15,niddhota,niddhota,Niddhota,Niddhota,(adj.) [nis+dhota; pp.of niddhovati] washed,cleansed,purified Dāvs.V,63 (°rūpiya; cp.niddhanta).(Page 359),8,1
  7314. 299396,en,15,niddhovati,niddhovati,Niddhovati,Niddhovati,[Sk.nirdhāvati,nis+dhovati,cp.niddhamati] to wash off,clean,purify A.I,253 (jātarūpaṃ,immediately followed by niddhanta).pp.<i>niddhota</i>.(Page 359),10,1
  7315. 299437,en,15,niddhunati,niddhunāti,Niddhunāti,Niddhunāti,[Sk.nirdhunoti,nis+dhunāti] to shake off S.III,155; A.III,365 (odhunāti+; spelt nidhunāti); M.I,229; Th.1,416; PvA.256 (=odhunāti).(Page 359),10,1
  7316. 299457,en,15,niddhuniya,niddhuniya,Niddhuniya,Niddhuniya,(?) (nt.) [=Sk.nihnuvana fr.nihnute with diff.derivation] hypocrisy Pug.18 (=makkha); cp.J.P.T.S.1884,83.(Page 359),10,1
  7317. 299459,en,15,niddhupana,niddhūpana,Niddhūpana,Niddhūpana,(adj.) [nir+dhūpana] unscented J.VI,21 (udaka).(Page 359),10,1
  7318. 299545,en,15,niddittha,niddiṭṭha,Niddiṭṭha,Niddiṭṭha,(pp.) [see niddisati] expressed,explained,designated Miln.3; DhsA.57; Vism.528; VvA.13. <i>Niddisati (</i>&<i> niddissati)</i> [Sk.nir-diśati,nis+disati,cp.Lat.distinguo] to distinguish,point out,explain,designate,define,express,to mean It.122=Nd<sup>2</sup> 276<sup>f</sup>; Miln.123,345; DhsA.57; DhA.II,59; PvA.87,217 (°itvā); aor.<i>niddisi</i> DhsA.57; SnA 61.-- grd.<i>niddisitabba</i> DhsA.56; Nett 96.Pass.<i>niddissīyati</i> PvA.163.-- pp.<i>niddiṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 358),9,1
  7319. 299640,en,15,niddosa,niddosa,Niddosa,Niddosa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk.nirdveṣa,nis+dosa<sup>2</sup>] free from hatred J.IV,10 (su°; Com.“adussanavasena,” foll.upon sunikkodha).(Page 358),7,1
  7320. 299641,en,15,niddosa,niddosa,Niddosa,Niddosa,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Sk.nirdośa,nis+dosa<sup>1</sup>] faultless,pure,undefiled Sn.476; DhsA.2; PvA.189 (=viraja); DhA.I,41.(Page 358),7,1
  7321. 299687,en,15,niddukkha,niddukkha,Niddukkha,Niddukkha,(adj.) [nis+dukkha] without fault or evil J.III,443 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of anīgha); PvA.230 (id.); (in expl<sup>n</sup> of mārisa) K.S.(S.A.) 1,2,n.1.(Page 358),9,1
  7322. 299728,en,15,nidha,nīdha,Nīdha,Nīdha,=nu idha,see <i>nu</i>.(Page 375),5,1
  7323. 299738,en,15,nidhana,nidhāna,Nidhāna,Nidhāna,(nt.) [Vedic nidhāna,see nidahati] laying down,depositing,keeping; receptacle; accumulation,(hidden) treasure J.IV,280 (nidhi°); PvA.7 (udaka-dāna-nīharaṇa-n°),97 (n-gata dhana=hoarded,accumulated),132 (°ṃ nidhessāmi gather a treasure); DhsA.405 (°kkhama).(Page 359),7,1
  7324. 299780,en,15,nidhanavant,nidhānavant,Nidhānavant,Nidhānavant,(adj.) forming or having a receptacle,worth treasuring or saving D.I,4 (=hadaye nidhātabba-yuttavāca DA.I,76). <i>Nidhāpeti</i>,<i> Nidhāya </i>&<i> Nidhīyati</i>,see nidahati.(Page 359),11,1
  7325. 299848,en,15,nidheti,nidheti,Nidheti,Nidheti,see nidahati.(Page 359),7,1
  7326. 299866,en,15,nidhi,nidhi,Nidhi,Nidhi,[Vedic nidhi,ni+<em>dhā</em>,see nidahati] 1.“setting down,” receptacle; (hidden) treasure Sn.285 (brahma n.); Dh.76; Kh VIII,2 (see KhA 217 sq.:nidhīyatī ti nidhi,def.of n.),9 (acorâharaṇo nidhi cp.“treasures in heaven,where thieves do not steal” Matt.6,20); Sdhp.528,588.-- 2.“putting on,” a cloak J.VI,79 (expl<sup>d</sup> as vākacīra-nivāsanaṃ=a bark dress).Cp.sannidhi.<br><br> <i>--kumbhī</i> a treasure-pot,a treasure hidden in a pot =a hidden treasure DhA.II,107; IV,208; <i>--nidhāna</i> laying up treasures,burying a treasure J.IV,280; <i>--mukha</i> an excellent treasure A.V,346.(Page 359),5,1
  7327. 299921,en,15,nidhura,nidhura,Nidhura,Nidhura,see nīdhura.(Page 359),7,1
  7328. 299922,en,15,nidhura,nīdhura,Nīdhura,Nīdhura,(?) [Sk.? Cp.keyura] bracelet,bangle J.VI,64,(=valaya; v.l.BB nivara).Also given as <i>nīyura</i> (cp.Prk.neura &#38; P.nūpura).(Page 375),7,1
  7329. 299945,en,15,niga,niga,Niga,Niga,in gavaya-gokaṇṇa-nig-âdīnaṃ DhsA.331 is misprint for <i>miga</i>.(Page 354),4,1
  7330. 299962,en,15,nigacchati,nigacchati,Nigacchati,Nigacchati,[Sk.nigacchati,ni+gacchati] to go down to,to “undergo,” incur,enter,come to; to suffer esp.with <i>dukkhaṃ</i> &#38; similar expressions of affliction or punishment S.IV,70 (dukkhaṃ); M.I,337 sq.(id.); A.I,251 (bandhanaṃ); Dh.69 (dukkhaṃ=vindati,paṭilabhati DhA.II,50),137; Nd<sup>2</sup> 199<sup>4</sup> (maraṇaṃ+maraṇamattam pi dukkhaṃ) Pv IV.7<sup>7</sup> (pret.nigacchiṭṭha=pāpuṇi PvA.266).(Page 354),10,1
  7331. 299995,en,15,nigala,nigaḷa,Nigaḷa,Nigaḷa,[Sk.nigaḍa,ni+gaḷa,cp.gala<sup>3</sup>] an (iron) chain for the feet J.I,394; II,153; VI,64 (here as “bracelet”).(Page 354),6,1
  7332. 300008,en,15,nigalhika,nigāḷhika,Nigāḷhika,Nigāḷhika,(better v.l.<i>nigāḷhita)</i> [Sk.nigāḍhita; ni+ gāḍhita,see gāḷha<sup>2</sup>] sunk down into,immersed in Th.1,568 (gūthakūpe).(Page 354),9,1
  7333. 300022,en,15,nigama,nigama,Nigama,Nigama,[Sk.nigama,fr.nigacchati=a meeting-place or market,cp.E.moot-hall=market hall] a small town,market town (opp.janapada); often comb<sup>d</sup> with gāma (see gāma 2) Vin.I,110 (°sīma),188 (°kathā),197 (Setakaṇṇika°); D.I,7 (°kathā),101 (°sāmanta),193,237; M.I,429,488; Pv.II,13<sup>18</sup>; J.VI,330; PvA.111 (Asitañjana°,v.l.BB nagara).Cp.negama.(Page 354),6,1
  7334. 300055,en,15,nigamana,nigamana,Nigamana,Nigamana,(nt.) [Sk.nigamana] quotation,explanation,illustration Vism.427 (°vacana quotation); PvA.255 (perhaps we should read niyamana); conclusion,e.g.Paṭṭh.A 366; VbhA.523.(Page 354),8,1
  7335. 300108,en,15,nigantha,nigaṇṭha,Nigaṇṭha,Nigaṇṭha,[BSk.nirgrantha (Divy 143,262 etc.) “freed from all ties,” nis+gaṇṭhi.This is the customary (correct?) etym.Prk.niggantha,cp.Weber,Bhagavatī p.165] a member of the Jain order (see M.I,370--375,380 &#38; cp.jaṭila) Vin.I,233 (Nātaputta,the head of that Order,cp.D.I,57; also Sīho senāpati n-sāvako); S.I,78,82 (°bhikkhā); A.I,205 sq.(°uposatha),cp.220; II,196 (°sāvaka); III,276,383; V,150 (dasahi asaddhammehi samannāgata); Sn.381; Ud.65 (jaṭilā,n.,acelā,ekasātā,paribbājakā); J.II,262 (object to eating flesh); DA.I,162; DhA.I,440; III,489; VvA.29 (n.nāma samaṇajāti).-- f.<i>nigaṇṭhī</i> D.I,54 (nigaṇṭhi-gabbha).(Page 354),8,1
  7336. 300157,en,15,nigati,nigati,Nigati,Nigati,(f.) [ni+gati,q.v.] destiny,condition,behaviour J.VI,238.See also niyati &#38; cp.niggatika.(Page 354),6,1
  7337. 300181,en,15,niggacchati,niggacchati,Niggacchati,Niggacchati,[Sk.nirgacchati,nis+gacchati] to go out or away,disappear; to proceed from,only in pp.<i>niggata</i> (q.v.); at J.VI,504 as ni°.(Page 354),11,1
  7338. 300209,en,15,niggaha,niggaha,Niggaha,Niggaha,[Sk.nigraha,ni+gaha<sup>2</sup>; see niggaṇhāti] 1.restraint,control,rebuke,censure,blame Vin.II,196; A.I,98,174; V,70; J.V,116 (opp.paggaha); VI,371 (id.); Miln.28,45,224.-- <i>dun°</i> hard to control (citta) Dh.35 (cp.expl.at DhA.I,295).-- 2.(log.) refutation Kvu 3.(Page 354),7,1
  7339. 300224,en,15,niggahaka,niggāhaka,Niggāhaka,Niggāhaka,(adj.-n.) [ni+gāhaka,see niggaṇhāti] one who rebukes,oppresses,oppressor Sn.118 (=bādhaka SnA 178,with v.l.ghātaka); J.IV,362 (=balisādhaka Com.).(Page 354),9,1
  7340. 300247,en,15,niggahana,niggahaṇa,Niggahaṇa,Niggahaṇa,(adj.) [Sk.*nirgahaṇa,cp.nirgṛha homeless; nis+gahaṇa] without acquisitions,i.e.poor J.II,367 (v.l.BB.as gloss nirāhāra).(Page 354),9,1
  7341. 300254,en,15,niggahanata,niggahaṇatā,Niggahaṇatā,Niggahaṇatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ni+<em>gṛh</em>,cp.next] restraint Vism.134 (cittassa).Opp.pagg°.(Page 354),11,1
  7342. 300313,en,15,niggahita,niggahīta,Niggahīta,Niggahīta,(adj.) [Sk.nigṛhīta,but cp.Divy 401:nigṛhīta; ni+gahita] restrained,checked,rebuked,reproved S.III,12; A.I,175 (aniggahīto dhammo); J.VI,493.(Page 354),9,1
  7343. 300359,en,15,niggama,niggama,Niggama,Niggama,(n.) in logic,deduction,conclusion.Pts.of Controversy p.1.(Page 354),7,1
  7344. 300368,en,15,niggamana,niggamana,Niggamana,Niggamana,[Sk.*nirgamana,of niggacchati] 1.going away DA.I,94.-- 2.result,fate,consequence,outcome Sdhp.172,173 (dun°).-- 3.(log.) conclusion Kvu 4.(Page 354),9,1
  7345. 300436,en,15,nigganhati,niggaṇhāti,Niggaṇhāti,Niggaṇhāti,[Sk.nigṛhṇāti,ni+gaṇhāti] 1.to hold back,restrain Dh.326; J.IV,97; Miln.184; Vism.133.-- Opp.<i>paggaṇhāti</i>.-- 2.to rebuke,censure (c.Instr.) A.III,187; J.III,222; Miln.9 (musāvādena); DhA.I,29.‹-› ger.<i>niggayha</i>,pp.<i>niggahīta</i> (q.v.).Cp.abhi°.(Page 354),10,1
  7346. 300467,en,15,nigganthi,niggaṇṭhi,Niggaṇṭhi,Niggaṇṭhi,(adj.) [Sk.nirgranthi,nis+gaṇṭhi,cp.also nigaṇṭha] free from knots (said of a sword) Miln.105.See also nighaṇḍu.(Page 354),9,1
  7347. 300480,en,15,niggata,niggata,Niggata,Niggata,(adj.) [Sk.nirgata,see niggacchati] 1.going out,proceeding from (Abl.):dahato niggatā nadī (a river issuing from a lake) PvA.152.-- 2.(=nigata? or= nis+gata “of ill fate”) destined,fateful; miserable,unfortunate PvA.223 (°kamma=punishment in expl<sup>n</sup> of niyassa kamma,v.l.SS.nigaha for niggata; see also niya &#38; niyata); Sdhp.165 (of niraya=miserable),cp.niggatika &#38; niggamana.(Page 354),7,1
  7348. 300517,en,15,niggatika,niggatika,Niggatika,Niggatika,[Sk.*nirgatika,nis+gati-ka] having a bad “gati” or fate,ill-fated,bad,unfortunate,miserable J.III,538 (v.l.BB as gloss,nikkāruṇika); IV,48 (v.l.BB nikatika).(Page 354),9,1
  7349. 300521,en,15,niggayh,niggayh,Niggayh,Niggayh,a-vādin (adj.) [see niggaṇhāti] one who speaks rebukingly,censuring,reproving,resenting Dh.76 (see expl<sup>n</sup> in detail at DhA.II,107 &#38; cp.M.III,118).(Page 354),7,1
  7350. 300534,en,15,niggayhati,niggayhati,Niggayhati,Niggayhati,[Sk.nigṛhyate,ni+gayhati,Pass.of niggaṇhāti] to be seized by (?),to be blamed for DhA.I,295 (cittaṃ dukkhena n.,in expl<sup>n</sup> of dunniggaha).(Page 354),10,1
  7351. 300551,en,15,nigghatana,nigghātana,Nigghātana,Nigghātana,(nt.) [Sk.nirghātana,nis+ghātana,but cp.nighāta] destruction,killing,rooting out Sn.1085 (taṇhā°; SnA 576=vināsana); Nd<sup>2</sup> 343 (v.l.nighātana).(Page 354),10,1
  7352. 300569,en,15,nigghosa,nigghosa,Nigghosa,Nigghosa,[Sk.nirghoṣa,nis+ghosa] 1.“shouting out,” sound; fame,renown; speech,utterance,proclamation; word of reproach,blame S.I,190; A.IV,88 (appa° noiseless,lit.of little or no noise); Sn.719,818 (=nindāvacana SnA 537),1061; J.I,64; VI,83; Vv 5<sup>5</sup>; Nd<sup>1</sup> 150; Nd<sup>2</sup> 344; Dhs.621; VvA.140 (madhura°); 334 (in quotation appa-sadda,appa°); Sdhp.245.-- 2.(adj.) noiseless,quiet,still Sn.959 (=appasadda appanigghosa Nd<sup>1</sup> 467).(Page 355),8,1
  7353. 300585,en,15,niggilati,niggilati,Niggilati,Niggilati,(niggalati) [Sk.nigirati,ni+gilati] to swallow down (opp.uggilati to spit out,throw up) J.IV,392 (sic as v.l.; text niggalati).(Page 354),9,1
  7354. 300602,en,15,niggumba,niggumba,Niggumba,Niggumba,(adj.) [Sk.*nirgulma,nis+gumba] free from bushes,clear J.I,187; Miln.3.(Page 354),8,1
  7355. 300611,en,15,nigguna,nigguṇa,Nigguṇa,Nigguṇa,(adj.) [Sk.nirguṇa,nis+guṇa] devoid of good qualities,bad Miln.180.(Page 354),7,1
  7356. 300619,en,15,niggundi,nigguṇḍi,Nigguṇḍi,Nigguṇḍi,(f.) [Sk.nirguṇḍī,of obscure etym.] a shrub (Vitex Negundo) Miln.223 (°phala); Vism.257 (°puppha).(Page 354),8,1
  7357. 300648,en,15,nigha,nigha,Nigha,Nigha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [prob.ni+gha=Sk.°gha of hanati (see also P.°gha),to kill; unless abstracted from anigha as in prec.nigha<sup>1</sup>] killing,destruction Th.2,491 (=maraṇasampāpana ThA.288).(Page 355),5,1
  7358. 300649,en,15,nigha,nigha,Nigha,Nigha,<sup>1</sup> (nīgha) (adj.-n.) is invented by Com. &#38; scholiasts to explain the comb<sup>n</sup> <i>anigha</i> (anīgha sporadic,e.g.S.V,57).But this should be divided <i>an-īgha</i> instead of <i>a-nīgha</i>.-- (m.) rage,trembling,confusion,only in formula rāgo n.doso n.moho n.explaining the adj.anīgha.Thus at S.IV,292=Nd<sup>2</sup> 45; S.V,57.-- (adj.) <i>anigha</i> not trembling,undisturbed,calm [see etym.under īgha=Sk.<em>ṛgh</em> of ṛghāyati to tremble,rage,rave] S.I,54; IV,291; J.V,343.Otherwise always comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>nirāsa:</i> S.I,12=23,141; Sn.1048,1060,1078.Expl<sup>d</sup> correctly at SnA 590 by rāgādi-īgha-virahita.Spelling <i>anīgha</i> J.III,443 (Com.niddukkha); Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup> (+nirāsa; expl<sup>d</sup> by niddukkha PvA.230).anīgha also at It.97 (+chinnasaṃsaya); Ud.76; Dh.295 (v.l.aniggha; expl<sup>d</sup> by niddukkha DhA.III,454).(Page 355),5,1
  7359. 300658,en,15,nigha,nīgha,Nīgha,Nīgha,(in <i>anīgha</i>) see <i>nigha<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 375),5,1
  7360. 300667,en,15,nighamsa,nighaṃsa,Nighaṃsa,Nighaṃsa,[Sk.nigharṣa] rubbing,chafing DhsA.263,308.(Page 355),8,1
  7361. 300673,en,15,nighamsana,nighaṃsana,Nighaṃsana,Nighaṃsana,(nt.) [Sk.nigharṣana]=nighaṃsa Miln.215.(Page 355),10,1
  7362. 300689,en,15,nighamsati,nighaṃsati,Nighaṃsati,Nighaṃsati,[Sk.nigharṣati,ni+ghaṃsati<sup>1</sup>] 1.to rub,rub against,graze,chafe Vin.II,133; Vism.120; DhA.I,396.-- 2.to polish up,clean J.II,418; III,75.(Page 355),10,1
  7363. 300709,en,15,nighandu,nighaṇḍu,Nighaṇḍu,Nighaṇḍu,[Sk.nighaṇṭu,dial.for nirgrantha from grathnāti (see gaṇṭhi &#38; ghaṭṭana),orig.disentanglement,unravelling,i.e.explanation; cp.niggaṇṭhi,which is a variant of the same word.-- BSk.nighaṇṭa (Divy 619; AvŚ II.19),Prk.nighaṇṭu] an explained word or a word expl<sup>n</sup>,vocabulary,gloss,usually in ster.formula marking the accomplishments of a learned Brahmin “<i>sanighaṇḍu-keṭubhānaṃ </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> padako</i>” (see detail under keṭubha) D.I,88; A.I,163,166; III,223; Sn.p.105; Miln.10.Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> is quoted by Trenckner,Notes p.65.(Page 355),8,1
  7364. 300744,en,15,nighata,nighāta,Nighāta,Nighāta,[Sk.nighāta,ni+ghāta] striking down,suppressing,destroying,killing M.I,430; Nett 189.Cp.nighāti.(Page 355),7,1
  7365. 300755,en,15,nighati,nighāti,Nighāti,Nighāti,[ni+ghāti] “slaying or being slain,” defeat,loss (opp.ugghāti) Sn.828.Cp.nighāta.(Page 355),7,1
  7366. 300776,en,15,nigrodha,nigrodha,Nigrodha,Nigrodha,[Sk.nyagrodha; Non-Aryan?] the banyan or Indian fig-tree,Ficus Indica,usually as cpd.<i>°rukkha</i> Vin.IV,35; D.II,4; Sn.272; J.III,188 (r.) DhA.II,14 (r.); PvA.5 (r.) 112,244; Sdhp.270; <i>--pakka</i> the fruit of the fig-tree Vism.409.<i>--parimaṇḍala</i> the round or circumference of the banyan D.II,18; III,144,162.(Page 355),8,1
  7367. 300890,en,15,niguhana,nigūhana,Nigūhana,Nigūhana,(nt.) [Sk.nigūhana,see nigūhati] covering,concealing,hiding VvA.71.(Page 354),8,1
  7368. 300916,en,15,niguhati,nigūhati,Nigūhati,Nigūhati,[Sk.nigūhati,ni+gūhati] to cover up,conceal,hide J.I,286; III,392; IV,203; Pv.III,4<sup>3</sup> (≈parigūhāmi,v.l.SS guyhāmi).pp.<i>nigūḷha</i> (q.v.).(Page 354),8,1
  7369. 300958,en,15,nigulha,nigūḷha,Nigūḷha,Nigūḷha,[Sk.nigūḍha,but BSk.nirgūḍha (Divy 256); ni+gūḷha] hidden (down),concealed; (n.) a secret J.I,461; Dāvs III,39.(Page 354),7,1
  7370. 301036,en,15,nihara,nīhāra,Nīhāra,Nīhāra,[cp.Sk.nirhāra] way,manner Vin.I,13; J.I,127; DhA.IV,7.At Vin.I,13 also in nīhāra-bhatta (=nīhāraka).(Page 376),6,1
  7371. 301050,en,15,niharaka,nīhāraka,Nīhāraka,Nīhāraka,(adj.-n.) [fr.nīhāra,cp.nīharaṇa] one who carries away Vin.I,13 (nīhāra-bhatta); S.V,12,320,325 (piṇḍapāta).(Page 376),8,1
  7372. 301064,en,15,niharana,nīharaṇa,Nīharaṇa,Nīharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.nīharati] taking out,carrying away,removing DA.I,296; PvA.7.(Page 376),8,1
  7373. 301144,en,15,niharati,niharati,Niharati,Niharati,see <i>nīharati</i>.(Page 375),8,1
  7374. 301152,en,15,niharati,nīharati,Nīharati,Nīharati,[nis+<em>hṛ</em>] to take out,to throw out,drive out J.I,150,157; III,52; VI,336; Nd<sup>2</sup> 199<sup>7</sup> (ni°); VvA.222,256; PvA.73,254; Miln.8,219.aor.<i>nīhari</i> D.I,92; J.I,293; II,154; PvA.41,178 (gehato taṃ n.).grd.<i>nīharitabba</i> DhA.I,397 (opp.pavesetabba).-- pp.<i>nīhaṭa</i>.-- Caus.<i>nīharāpeti</i> to have thrown out,to order to be ejected VvA.141.(Page 376),8,1
  7375. 301228,en,15,nihata,nihata,Nihata,Nihata,(adj.) [pp.of nihanti,ni+<em>han</em>] “slain”; put down,settled; destroyed; dejected,humiliated; humble Vin.II,307 (settled); J.V,435 (°bhoga one whose fortunes are destroyed).<br><br> <i>--māna</i> “with slain pride,” humiliated,humble S.IV,203; Th.2,413 (=apanīta-māna ThA.267); J.II,300; VI,367.(Page 375),6,1
  7376. 301236,en,15,nihata,nīhaṭa,Nīhaṭa,Nīhaṭa,[pp.of nīharati=Sk.nirhṛta] thrown out,removed; in f.abstr.°tā ejection,removal [cp.Sk.nirhṛti] DhA.III,336 (malānaṃ n.the extirpation of impurity or removal of stain).(Page 376),6,1
  7377. 301319,en,15,nihina,nihīna,Nihīna,Nihīna,(adj.) [Sk.nihīna,pp.of nihīyati or nihāyati] lost; degraded,low,vile,base; inferior,little,insignificant S.I,12; Sn.890; Nd<sup>1</sup> 105,194; PvA.198 (jāti° low-born); Sdhp.86.Opp.to seyya J.VI,356 sq.<br><br> <i>--attha</i> one who has lost his fortune,poor Pv IV.1<sup>5</sup>; <i>--kamma</i> of low action Sn.661=It.43; Dh.306; J.II,417; <i>--citta</i> low-minded PvA.107 (=dīna); <i>--jātika</i> of inferior birth or caste PvA.175; <i>--pañña</i> of inferior wisdom Sn.890 (=paritta-pañña Nd<sup>1</sup> 299); <i>--sevin</i> of vile pursuit A.I,126.(Page 375),6,1
  7378. 301399,en,15,nihinata,nihīnatā,Nihīnatā,Nihīnatā,(f.) [abstr.to nihīna] lowness,inferiority; vileness,baseness D.I,98,99.(Page 375),8,1
  7379. 301428,en,15,nihita,nihita,Nihita,Nihita,(adj.) [Sk.nihita,pp.of ni+<em>dhā</em>,see dahati] put down,put into,applied,settled; laid down,given up,renounced.As °- often in the sense of a prep.= without,e.g.°daṇḍa °sattha without stick &#38; sword (see daṇḍa ...) D.I,70 (°paccāmitta); Pv IV.3<sup>26</sup> (su° well applied); PvA.252 (bhasma-nihita thrown into the ashes); Sdhp.311.(Page 375),6,1
  7380. 301466,en,15,nihiyati,nihīyati,Nihīyati,Nihīyati,[ni+hīyati,Pass.of <em>hā</em>,see jahāti] to be left,to come to ruin,to be destroyed A.I,126=J.III,324 (=vināsaṃ pāpuṇāti).pp.<i>nihīna</i> (q.v.).(Page 375),8,1
  7381. 301475,en,15,nihuhunka,nihuhuṅka,Nihuhuṅka,Nihuhuṅka,(adj.) [fr.<i>nī°</i>=nis+huhuṅka] one who does not confide in the sound <i>huṃ</i> Vin.I,3 (cp.J.P.T.S.1901,42).(Page 375),9,1
  7382. 301486,en,15,nija,nija,Nija,Nija,(adj.) [Sk.nija,wth dial.j.for nitya=P.nicca] own Dāvs II.68.Cp.niya.(Page 356),4,1
  7383. 301497,en,15,nijana,nijana,Nijana,Nijana,(nt.) [fr.<em>nij</em>] washing,cleansing Vism.342 (v.l.nijj°).(Page 356),6,1
  7384. 301505,en,15,nijigimsanata,nijigiṃsanatā,Nijigiṃsanatā,Nijigiṃsanatā,(f.) [fr.last] covetousness Vism.23 sq.(defined),29 (id.= magganā),referring to Vbh.353,where T has jigiṃsanatā,with v.l.nijigīsanatā.(Page 356),13,1
  7385. 301507,en,15,nijigimsati,nijigiṃsati,Nijigiṃsati,Nijigiṃsati,[Sk.nijigīṣati,ni+jigiṃsati] to desire ardently,to covet DA.I,92 (=maggeti pariyesati).(Page 356),11,1
  7386. 301514,en,15,nijigimsitar,nijigiṃsitar,Nijigiṃsitar,Nijigiṃsitar,(n.adj.) [n.ag.fr.prec.] one who desires ardently,covetous,rapacious D.I,8 (lābhaṃ) A.III,111 (id.).(Page 356),12,1
  7387. 301538,en,15,nijjaleti,nijjāleti,Nijjāleti,Nijjāleti,[nis+jāleti] to make an end to a blaze,to extinguish,to put out J.VI,495 (aggiṃ).(Page 356),9,1
  7388. 301548,en,15,nijjara,nijjara,Nijjara,Nijjara,(adj.) [Sk.nirjara in diff.meaning,P.<em>nis</em> functioning as emphatic pref.; nis+jara] causing to decay,destroying,annihilating; f.°ā decay,destruction,death S.IV,339; A.I,221; II,198; V,215 sq.(dasa-n-vatthūni); Ps.I,5 (id.).(Page 356),7,1
  7389. 301582,en,15,nijjareti,nijjareti,Nijjareti,Nijjareti,[Sk.nir-jarayati; nis+jarati<sup>1</sup>] to destroy,annihilate,cause to cease or exist M.I,93; Th.2,431 (nijjaressāmi=jīrāpessāmi vināsessāmi ThA.269).(Page 356),9,1
  7390. 301593,en,15,nijjata,nijjaṭa,Nijjaṭa,Nijjaṭa,(adj.) [Sk.*nirjaṭa,nis+jaṭa,adj.to jaṭā] disentangled J.I,187; Miln.3.(Page 356),7,1
  7391. 301610,en,15,nijjhama,nijjhāma,Nijjhāma,Nijjhāma,(adj.n.) [Sk.niḥkṣāma,cp.niḥkṣīṇa,nis+ jhāma of jhāyati<sup>2</sup>=Sk.kṣāyati] burning away,wasting away,consuming or consumed A.I,295; Nett 77,95 paṭipadā.<br><br> <i>--taṇha</i> (adj.) of consuming thirst,very thirsty J.I,44; <i>--taṇhika=°taṇha</i> denoting a class of Petas (q.v.) Miln.294,303,357.(Page 356),8,1
  7392. 301634,en,15,nijjhana,nijjhāna,Nijjhāna,Nijjhāna,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [nis+jhāna<sup>2</sup>] conflagration,in anto°= nijjhāyana PvA.18 (cittasantāpa+in expl<sup>n</sup> of soka).(Page 356),8,1
  7393. 301635,en,15,nijjhana,nijjhāna,Nijjhāna,Nijjhāna,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [*Sk.nidhyāna,ni+jhāna<sup>1</sup>] understanding,insight,perception,comprehension; favour,indulgence (=nijjhāpana),pleasure,delight J.VI,207.Often as <i>°ṃ khamati:</i> to be pleased with,to find pleasure in:S.III,225,228; M.I,133,480; Vv 84<sup>17</sup>.Thus also diṭṭhinijjhāna-kkhanti delighting in speculation A.I,189 sq.; II,191.Cp.upa°.(Page 356),8,1
  7394. 301669,en,15,nijjhapana,nijjhāpana,Nijjhāpana,Nijjhāpana,(nt.) [Sk.*nidhyāpana,ni+jhāpana,Caus.to jhāpeti] favourable disposition,kindness,indulgence J.IV,495 (°ṃ karoti=khamāpeti Com.; text reads nijjhapana).(Page 356),10,1
  7395. 301677,en,15,nijjhapaya,nijjhāpaya,Nijjhāpaya,Nijjhāpaya,(adj.) [Sk.*ni-dhyāpya,to nijjhāpeti] to be discriminated or understood,in <i>dun°</i> hard to ...Miln.141 (pañha).(Page 356),10,1
  7396. 301703,en,15,nijjhapeti,nijjhāpeti,Nijjhāpeti,Nijjhāpeti,[Sk.nidhāyayati,ni+jhāpeti,Caus.to jhāyati<sup>1</sup>; cp.Sk.nididhyāsate] to make favourably disposed,to win somebody’s affection,or favour,to gain over Vin.II,96; M.I,321; J.IV,108; 414,495; VI,516; Miln.264; VvA.265 (nijjhāpita=nijjhatta).(Page 356),10,1
  7397. 301722,en,15,nijjhatta,nijjhatta,Nijjhatta,Nijjhatta,(adj.) [pp.of nijjhāpeti,*Sk.nidhyapta or nidhyāpita] satisfied,pacified,appeased J.VI,414 (=khamāpita Com.); Vv 63<sup>19</sup> (=nijjhāpita VvA.265); Miln.209.See also paṭi° (Page 356),9,1
  7398. 301729,en,15,nijjhatti,nijjhatti,Nijjhatti,Nijjhatti,(f.) [abstr.to nijjhatta,cp.BSk.nidhyapti,formation like P.ñatti›Sk.jñapti] conviction,understanding,realization; favourable disposition,satisfaction M.I,320; A.IV,223; Ps.II,171,176; Miln.210.(Page 356),9,1
  7399. 301743,en,15,nijjhayana,nijjhāyana,Nijjhāyana,Nijjhāyana,(nt.) [Sk.*niḥkṣāyana,nis+jhāyana of jhāyati<sup>2</sup>] burning away,consumption; fig.remorse,mortification in <i>anto°</i> J.I,168 (cp.nijjhāna<sup>2</sup>).(Page 356),10,1
  7400. 301761,en,15,nijjhayati,nijjhāyati,Nijjhāyati,Nijjhāyati,<sup>2</sup> [ni+jhāyati<sup>2</sup>] to be consumed (by sorrow),to fret Nd<sup>1</sup> 433.(Page 356),10,1
  7401. 301762,en,15,nijjhayati,nijjhāyati,Nijjhāyati,Nijjhāyati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.nidhyāyati,ni+jhāyati<sup>1</sup>] to meditate,reflect,think S.III,140 sq.(+passati,cp.jānāti),157; M.I,334 (jhāyati n.apajjhāyati); III,14 (id.).Cp.upa°.(Page 356),10,1
  7402. 301786,en,15,nijjinna,nijjiṇṇa,Nijjiṇṇa,Nijjiṇṇa,(adj.) [Sk.nirjīrṇa,nis+jiṇṇa] destroyed,overcome,exhausted,finished,dead D.I,96; M.II,217= A.I,221 (vedanākkhayā sabbaṃ dukkhaṃ n.bhavissati); M.I,93; A.V,215 sq.; Nett 51.(Page 356),8,1
  7403. 301801,en,15,nijjita,nijjita,Nijjita,Nijjita,(adj.) [Sk.nirjita,nis+jita] unvanquished Miln.192 (°kammasūrā),332 (°vijita-saṅgāma); Sdhp.360.(Page 356),7,1
  7404. 301822,en,15,nijjivata,nijjīvata,Nijjīvata,Nijjīvata,(adj.) [Sk.nirjīvita,nis+jīva<sup>1</sup>] lifeless,soulless DhsA.38; Miln.413.(Page 356),9,1
  7405. 301846,en,15,nika,nīka,Nīka,Nīka,[Sk.nyaṅku? Doubtful reading] a kind of deer (or pig) J.V,406 (vv.ll.nika,ninga).(Page 375),4,1
  7406. 301850,en,15,nikacca,nikacca,Nikacca,Nikacca,see nikati.(Page 351),7,1
  7407. 301867,en,15,nikama,nikāma,Nikāma,Nikāma,[Vedic nikāma,ni+kāma] desire,pleasure,longing:only in cpds.; see nanikāma.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> read by Kern (Toev.174) at Th.1,1271 for na kāmakāra but unjustified (see SnA on Sn.351); <i>--lābhin</i> gaining pleasure S.II,278; M.I,354; III,110; A.II,23,36; Pug.11,12; Vbh.332.(Page 352),6,1
  7408. 301889,en,15,nikamana,nikāmanā,Nikāmanā,Nikāmanā,(f.)=nikanti,Dhs.1059.(Page 352),8,1
  7409. 301916,en,15,nikameti,nikāmeti,Nikāmeti,Nikāmeti,[Sk.ni-kāmayati,ni+kāmeti] to crave,desire,strive after,ppr nikāmayaṃ S.I,122, &#38; nikāmayamāna Vin.II,108.Cp.nikanta &#38; nikanti.(Page 352),8,1
  7410. 301930,en,15,nikannika,nikaṇṇika,Nikaṇṇika,Nikaṇṇika,(adj.) under (4) ears,secret,cp.catukkaṇṇa J.III,124; nt.adv.secretly Vin.IV,270,271.(Page 351),9,1
  7411. 301940,en,15,nikanta,nikanta,Nikanta,Nikanta,(adj.) [Sk.nikṛtta &#38; nikṛntita (cp.Divy 537,539),ni+kantati<sup>2</sup>] cut,(ab-)razed M.I,364 (of a fleshless bone).(Page 351),7,1
  7412. 301955,en,15,nikantati,nikantati,Nikantati,Nikantati,[Sk.ni-kṛṇtati,see kantati<sup>2</sup>] to cut down,to cut up,cut off PvA.210 (piṭṭhi-maṃsāni the flesh of the back,v.l.SS for ukkant°); Pgdp 29.(Page 351),9,1
  7413. 301964,en,15,nikanti,nikanti,Nikanti,Nikanti,(f.) [Sk.nikānti,ni+kamati] desire,craving,longing for,wish Th.1,20; Ps.II,72,101; Dhs.1059,1136; Vism.239,580; DhsA.369; DhA.IV,63; DA.I,110; Dāvs III,40.(Page 351),7,1
  7414. 302020,en,15,nikara,nikara,Nikara,Nikara,[Sk.nikara,ni+karoti] a multitude Dāvs.V,25 (jātipuppha°).(Page 351),6,1
  7415. 302024,en,15,nikara,nikāra,Nikāra,Nikāra,[Sk.nikāra in diff.meaning,ni+kāra] service,humility J.III,120 (nikāra-pakāra,prob.to be read nipaccākāra,q.v.).(Page 352),6,1
  7416. 302030,en,15,nikarana,nikaraṇā,Nikaraṇā,Nikaraṇā,(f.or is it °aṃ?)=nikati (fraud) Pug.19,23 (as syn.of māyā).(Page 351),8,1
  7417. 302040,en,15,nikaroti,nikaroti,Nikaroti,Nikaroti,[Sk.nikaroti,ni+karoti] to bring down,humiliate,to deceive,cheat Sn.138 (nikubbetha Pot.=vañceyya KhA 247).pp.nikata (q.v.).(Page 352),8,1
  7418. 302046,en,15,nikasa,nikasa,Nikasa,Nikasa,[Sk.nikasa,ni+kasati] a whetstone Dāvs III,87 (°opala).(Page 352),6,1
  7419. 302056,en,15,nikasa,nikāsa,Nikāsa,Nikāsa,(n.-adj.) [ni+<em>kaś</em>] appearance; adj.of appearance,like J.V,87 (-°),corresp.to °avakāsa.(Page 352),6,1
  7420. 302067,en,15,nikasava,nikasāva,Nikasāva,Nikasāva,(adj.) [Sk.niṣkaṣāya nis+kasāva see kasāya 2<sup>d</sup>] free from impurity Vin.I,3; opp.anikkasāva (q.v.) Dh.9≈.(Page 352),8,1
  7421. 302072,en,15,nikasin,nikāsin,Nikāsin,Nikāsin,(adj.) [cp.Sk.nikāśin; fr.ni+kāsati] “shining,” resembling,like J.III,320 (aggi-nikāsinā suriyena).(Page 352),7,1
  7422. 302091,en,15,nikata,nikata,Nikata,Nikata,(adj.) [Sk.nikṛta,ni+karoti “done down”] deceived,cheated M.I,511 (+vañcita paladdha); S.IV,307 (+vañcita paluddha).(Page 351),6,1
  7423. 302101,en,15,nikati,nikati,Nikati,Nikati,(f.) [Sk.nikṛti,see prec.] fraud,deceit,cheating D.I,5 (=DA.I,80 paṭirūpakena vañcanaṃ); III,176; Sn.242 (=nirāsaṃ-karaṇaṃ SnA 286); J.I,223; Pv III,9<sup>5</sup> (+vañcana); Pug.19,23,58; VvA.114; PvA.211 (paṭirūpadassanena paresaṃ vikāro).-- Instr.<i>nikatiyā</i> (metri causa) J.I,223,<i>nikatyā</i> J.II,183,<i>nikacca</i> S.I,24.Cp.nekatika.(Page 351),6,1
  7424. 302125,en,15,nikattha,nikaṭṭha,Nikaṭṭha,Nikaṭṭha,(adj.) [cp.Sk.nikṛṣṭa,ni+kasati] brought down,debased,low.As one kind of puggala (n-kāya+ncitta) A.II,137.Loc.<i>nikaṭṭhe</i> (adv.) near J.III,438= ThA.105 (v.33) (=santike J.III,438).(Page 351),8,1
  7425. 302145,en,15,nikaya,nikāya,Nikāya,Nikāya,[Sk.nikāya,ni+kāya] collection (“body”) assemblage,class,group; 1.generally (always --°):<i>eka°</i> one class of beings DhsA.66; <i>tiracchāna°</i> the animal kingdom S.III,152; <i>deva°</i> the assembly of the gods,the gods D.II,261 (60); M.I,102; S.IV,180; A.III,249; IV,461; PvA.136; <i>satta°</i> the world of beings,the animate creation,a class of living beings S.II,2,42,44; M.I,49 (tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi s.-nikāye of all beings in each class); Vbh.137; PvA.134.-- 2.especially the coll.of Buddhist Suttas,as the 5 sections of the Suttanta Piṭaka,viz.Dīgha°,Majjhima°,Saṃyutta°,Aṅguttara° (referred to as D.M.S.A.in Dictionaryquotations),Khuddaka°; enum<sup>d</sup> PvA.2; Anvs p.35; DhA.II,95 (dhammāsanaṃ āruyha pañcahi nikāyehi atthañ ca kāraṇañ ca ākaḍḍhitvā).The five Nikāyas are enum<sup>d</sup> also at Vism.711; one is referred to at SnA 195 (pariyāpuṇāti master by heart).See further details under piṭaka.Cp.nekāyika.(Page 352),6,1
  7426. 302198,en,15,niketa,niketa,Niketa,Niketa,[Sk.niketa settlement,ni+cināti] 1.house,abode Dh.91 (=ālaya DhA.II,170).-- 2.(fig.) company,association.(In this sense it seems to be interpreted as belonging to ketu “sign,characteristic,mark,” and niketa-sārin would have to be taken as “following the banner or flag of ...,” i.e.belonging or attached to,i.e.a follower of,one who is devoted to.) <i>a°</i> not living in company,having no house Sn.207; Miln.244 (+nirālaya).<br><br> <i>--vāsin</i> (a°) not living in a house,not associating with anybody Miln.201; <i>--sayana</i>=°vāsin Miln.361; <i>--sārin</i> (a°) “wandering homeless” or “not living in company,” i.e.not associating with,not a follower of ...S.III,9 sq.=Nd<sup>1</sup> 198; Sn.844=S.III,9; SnA 255=S.III,10; Sn.970 (=Nd<sup>1</sup> 494 q.v.).(Page 352),6,1
  7427. 302218,en,15,niketavant,niketavant,Niketavant,Niketavant,(adj.) [to niketa] parting company with Miln.288 (kamma°).(Page 352),10,1
  7428. 302223,en,15,niketin,niketin,Niketin,Niketin,(adj.) having an abode,being housed,living in Sn.422 (kosalesu); J.III,432 (duma-sākhā-niketinī f.).(Page 352),7,1
  7429. 302232,en,15,nikhadana,nikhādana,Nikhādana,Nikhādana,(nt.) [Sk.*nikhādana,ni+khādati,cp.khādana] “eating down,” a sharp instrument,a spade or (Acc.to Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,83) a chisel Vin.III,149; IV,211; J.II,405 (so read for khādana); IV,344; V,45.(Page 354),9,1
  7430. 302287,en,15,nikhanati,nikhanati,Nikhanati,Nikhanati, &#38; Nikhaṇati [Sk.nikhanati,ni+khanati] to dig into,to bury,to erect,to cover up Vin.II,116; III,78 (akkhiṃ=cover the eye,as a sign); J.V,434=DhA.IV,197 (id.); D.II,127 (ṇ); J.I,264; SnA 519 (ṇ,to bury).-- pp.<i>nikhāta</i>.(Page 354),9,1
  7431. 302337,en,15,nikhata,nikhāta,Nikhāta,Nikhāta,[pp.of nikhaṇati] 1.dug,dug out (of a hole),buried (of a body) SnA 519.-- 2.dug in,erected (of a post) Sn.28; DhA.II,181 (nagara-dvāre n.indakhīla).See also a°.(Page 354),7,1
  7432. 302358,en,15,nikhila,nikhila,Nikhila,Nikhila,(adj.) [Sk.nikhila cp.khila] all,entire,whole Dāvs.V,40 (°loka v.l.sakala°).(Page 354),7,1
  7433. 302368,en,15,nikhina,nikhīṇa,Nikhīṇa,Nikhīṇa,(adj.) [nis+khīṇa] having or being lost J.VI,499 (°patta without wings,deprived of its wings).(Page 354),7,1
  7434. 302372,en,15,nikilita,nikiḷita,Nikiḷita,Nikiḷita,(adj.) [Sk.*nikrīḍita,pp.of nikrīḍayati,ni+ kīḷati] engrossed in play J.VI,313.(Page 352),8,1
  7435. 302382,en,15,nikilitavin,nikīḷitāvin,Nikīḷitāvin,Nikīḷitāvin,(adj.) [fr.ni-kīḷati] playful,playing or dallying with (c.Loc.),finding enjoyment in S.I,9 (a° kāmesu); IV,110 (id.).(Page 352),11,1
  7436. 302384,en,15,nikinna,nikiṇṇa,Nikiṇṇa,Nikiṇṇa,(adj.) [Sk.*nikīrṇa,pp.ni+kirati,cp.kiraṇa] “strewn down into,” hidden away,sheltered J.III,529.(Page 352),7,1
  7437. 302411,en,15,nikkaddama,nikkaddama,Nikkaddama,Nikkaddama,(adj.) [nis+kaddama] unstained,not dirty,free from impunity DA.I,226.(Page 352),10,1
  7438. 302427,en,15,nikkaddhana,nikkaḍḍhanā,Nikkaḍḍhanā,Nikkaḍḍhanā,(f.) throwing out,ejection J.III,22 (a°); V,234.(=niddhamanā).(Page 352),11,1
  7439. 302476,en,15,nikkaddhati,nikkaḍḍhati,Nikkaḍḍhati,Nikkaḍḍhati,[Sk.niṣkarṣati,nis+kasati,cp.kaḍḍhati] to throw out Vin.IV,274 (Caus.nikkaḍḍhāpeti ibid.); J.I,116; II,440; SnA 192.pp.nikkaḍḍhita.(Page 352),11,1
  7440. 302508,en,15,nikkaddhita,nikkaḍḍhita,Nikkaḍḍhita,Nikkaḍḍhita,(adj.) [Sk.*niṣkarṣita see nikkaḍḍhati] thrown out J.II,103 (gehā); PvA.179 (read ḍḍh for ḍḍ).(Page 352),11,1
  7441. 302538,en,15,nikkama,nikkama,Nikkama,Nikkama,(n.-adj.) [Sk.niṣkrama; nis+kama] exertion,strength,endurance.The orig.meaning of “going forth” is quite obliterated by the fig.meaning (cp.nikkhamati &#38; nekkhamma) A.I,4; III,214; Vv 18<sup>7</sup> (=viriya VvA.96); Dhs.13,22,219,571; Vism.132; Miln.244 (+ārambha).-- (adj.) strong in (-°),enduring,exerting oneself S.I,194 (tibba°); V,66,104 sq.; Sn.68 (daḷha°,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> under padhānavā),542 (sacca°).(Page 352),7,1
  7442. 302549,en,15,nikkama,nikkāma,Nikkāma,Nikkāma,(adj.) [Sk.niṣkāma,nis+kāma] without craving or lust,desireless Sn.1131 (=akāmakāmin Nd<sup>2</sup> 340; pahīnakāma SnA 605 with v.l.:nikkāma).Cp.next.(Page 353),7,1
  7443. 302563,en,15,nikkamati,nikkamati,Nikkamati,Nikkamati,[Sk.niṣkramati,nis+kamati,see also nikkhamati &#38; nekkhamma] to go out,to go forth; in fig.meaning:to leave behind lust,evil &#38; the world,to get rid of “kāma” (craving),to show right exertion &#38; strength Miln.245 (+arabhati)+S.I,156 (kkh).(Page 352),9,1
  7444. 302574,en,15,nikkamin,nikkāmin,Nikkāmin,Nikkāmin,(adj.) [nis+kāmin]=nikkāma Sn.228 (=katanikkhamana KhA 184).(Page 353),8,1
  7445. 302590,en,15,nikkankha,nikkaṅkha,Nikkaṅkha,Nikkaṅkha,(adj.) [Sk.niḥśaṅka,nis+kaṅkha,adj.of kaṅkhā,cp.kaṅkhin] not afraid,fearless,not doubting,confident,sure J.I,58.Cp.nissaṃsaya.(Page 352),9,1
  7446. 302595,en,15,nikkankha,nikkaṅkhā,Nikkaṅkhā,Nikkaṅkhā,(f.) [Sk.niḥśaṅkā,nis+kaṅkhā] fearlessness,state of confidence,trust (cp.nibbicikicchā) S.V,221.(Page 352),9,1
  7447. 302620,en,15,nikkantaka,nikkaṇṭaka,Nikkaṇṭaka,Nikkaṇṭaka,(adj.) [Sk.niṣkaṇṭaka,nis+kaṇṭaka] free from thorns or enemies Miln.250; cp.akaṇṭaka.(Page 352),10,1
  7448. 302636,en,15,nikkarana,nikkāraṇā,Nikkāraṇā,Nikkāraṇā,(Abl.=adv.) [Sk.niṣkāraṇā,nis+kāraṇaṃ] without reason,without cause or purpose Sn.75 (=akāraṇā ahetu Nd<sup>2</sup> 341).(Page 353),9,1
  7449. 302649,en,15,nikkaruna,nikkaruṇa,Nikkaruṇa,Nikkaruṇa,(adj.) [nis+karuṇa,adj.of karuṇā] without compassion,heartless Sn.244 (=sattānaṃ anatthakāma); Sdhp.508.(Page 352),9,1
  7450. 302653,en,15,nikkaruna,nikkaruṇā,Nikkaruṇā,Nikkaruṇā,(f.) [Sk.niṣkaruṇatā; nis+karuṇā] heartlessness PvA.55.(Page 352),9,1
  7451. 302658,en,15,nikkarunata,nikkarunatā,Nikkarunatā,Nikkarunatā,(f.)=following Vism.314.(Page 352),11,1
  7452. 302661,en,15,nikkasa,nikkāsa,Nikkāsa,Nikkāsa,is Bdhgh’s reading for <i>ikkāsa</i> (q.v.) Vin.II,151,with C.on p.321.(Page 353),7,1
  7453. 302671,en,15,nikkasava,nikkasāva,Nikkasāva,Nikkasāva,see nikasāva.(Page 352),9,1
  7454. 302684,en,15,nikkaya,nikkaya,Nikkaya,Nikkaya,[cp.Sk.niṣkraya,nis+kaya cp.nikkiṇāti] “buying off,” redemption J.VI,577.(Page 352),7,1
  7455. 302702,en,15,nikkha,nikkha,Nikkha,Nikkha,(m. &#38; nt.) [Vedic niṣka; cp.Oir.nasc (ring),Ohg.nusca (bracelet)] 1.a golden ornament for neck or breast,a ring J.II,444; VI,577.-- 2.(already Vedic) a golden coin or a weight of gold (cp.a “pound sterling”),equal to 15 suvaṇṇas (VvA.104=suvaṇṇassa pañcadasa-dharaṇaṃ nikkhan ti vadanti) S.II,234 (suvaṇṇa° &#38; singi°); J.I,84 (id.); A.IV,120 (suvaṇṇa°); Vv 20<sup>8</sup>= 43<sup>8</sup> (v.l.SS nekkha) J.VI,180; Miln.284.suvaṇṇanikkha-sataṃ (100 gold pieces) J.I,376; IV,97; V,58; °sahassaṃ (1000) J.V,67; DhA.I,393.-- See also nekkha.(Page 353),6,1
  7456. 302717,en,15,nikkhama,nikkhama,Nikkhama,Nikkhama,(adj.) [cp.Sk.niṣkrama] going out from PvA.80 (nāsikāya n.-mala).<i>dun°</i> at Th.1,72 is to be read dunnikkhaya,as indicated by vv.ll.See the latter.(Page 353),8,1
  7457. 302735,en,15,nikkhamana,nikkhamana,Nikkhamana,Nikkhamana,[BSk.niṣkramaṇa,to nikkhamati] going out,departing J.II,153; VvA.71 (opp.pavesana); fig.renunciation KhA 184 (kata° as adj.=nikkāmin).See also abhi°.(Page 353),10,1
  7458. 302852,en,15,nikkhamati,nikkhamati,Nikkhamati,Nikkhamati,[Sk.niṣkramati,nis+kamati] to go forth from,to come out of (c.Abl.),to get out,issue forth,depart,fig.to leave the household life behind (<i>agārā</i> n.),to retire from the world (cp.abhinikkhamati etc.),or to give up evil desire.-- (a) lit.(often with bahi outside,out; opp.pavisati to enter into:A.V,195).D.II,14 (mātu kucchismā); J.I,52 (mātukucchito).Imper.<i>nikkhama</i> Pv.I.10<sup>3</sup>; ppr.<i>nikkhamanto</i> J.I,52; II,153; III,26 (mukhato); PvA.90; aor.<i>nikkhami</i> J.II,154; III,188; fut.<i>°issati</i> J.II,154; ger.<i>nikkhamma</i> J.I,51,61 (fig.) &#38; <i>nikkhamitvā</i> J.I,16,138 (fig.),265; III,26; IV,449 (n.pabbajissāmi); PvA.14,19 (fig.) 67 (gāmato),74 (id.); inf.<i>nikkhamituṃ</i> J.I,61 (fig.); II,104; Pv.I,10<sup>2</sup> (bahi n.); grd.<i>nikkhamitabba</i> Vin.I,47.‹-› (b) fig.(see also nikkamati, &#38; cp.nekkhamma &#38; BSk.niṣkramati in same meaning,e.g.Divy 68 etc.) S.I,156 (ārabbhati+)=Miln.245 (where nikkamati); J.I,51 (agārā),61 (mahābhinikkhamanaṃ “the great renunciation”),PvA.19 (id.).-- pp.nikkhanta; caus.nikkhameti (q.v.).(Page 353),10,1
  7459. 302877,en,15,nikkhameti,nikkhameti,Nikkhameti,Nikkhameti, &#38; Nikkhāmeti [Caus.of nikkhamati] to make go out or away,to bring out or forth S.II,128; J.I,264,II.112.-- pp.<i>nikkhāmita</i> J.III,99 (+nicchuddha,thrown out,in expl<sup>n</sup> of nibbāpita; v.l.BB.nikaḍhāpita).(Page 353),10,1
  7460. 302974,en,15,nikkhanta,nikkhanta,Nikkhanta,Nikkhanta,(adj.) [pp.of nis+kamati,see nikkhamati] gone out,departed from (c.Abl.),gone away; also med.going out,giving up,fig.leaving behind,resigning,renouncing (fusing in meaning with kanta<sup>1</sup> of kāmyati =desireless) S.I,185 (agārasmā anagāriyaṃ); Sn.991 (Kapilavatthumhā n.lokanāyako); J.I,149; II,153; IV,364 (°bhikkhā,in sense of nikkhāmita°,v.l.nikkhitta°,perhaps preferable,expl<sup>d</sup> p.366 nibaddha°= designed for,given to); SnA 605 (fig.; as v.l.for nikkāma); DhA.II,39; PvA.61 (bahi); Nd<sup>2</sup> under nissita; Nd<sup>2</sup> 107 (free,unobstructed).(Page 353),9,1
  7461. 303034,en,15,nikkhaya,nikkhaya,Nikkhaya,Nikkhaya,(adj.) [Sk.*niḥkṣaya,nis+khaya] liable to destruction,able to be destroyed,in <i>dun°</i> hard to destroy J.IV,449 (=dun-nikkaḍḍhiya Com.); also to be read (v.l.) at Th.1,72 for dunnikkhama.Cp.nikhīṇa.(Page 353),8,1
  7462. 303042,en,15,nikkhepa,nikkhepa,Nikkhepa,Nikkhepa,[Sk.nikṣepa,see nikkhipati] putting down,laying down; casting off,discarding,elimination; giving up,renunciation; abstract or summary treatment DhsA.6,344 (see under mātikā); in grammar:pada° the setting of the verse; i.e.rules of composition (Miln.381).Vin.I,16 (pādukānaṃ=the putting down of the slippers,i.e.the slippers as they were,put down); J.III,243 (dhura° giving up one’s office or charge),I.236 (sarīra °ṃ kāresi had the body laid out); Dpvs XVII.109 (id.).Vism.618 (=cuti); DhA.II,98 (sarīra°); DA.I,50 (sutta°); DhsA.344; Miln.91.(Page 353),8,1
  7463. 303066,en,15,nikkhepana,nikkhepana,Nikkhepana,Nikkhepana,(nt.)=nikkhepa S.III,26 (bhāra° getting rid of the load,opp.bhārâdānaṃ); Miln.356 (=comparison); Vism.236 (deha°).(Page 354),10,1
  7464. 303154,en,15,nikkhipati,nikkhipati,Nikkhipati,Nikkhipati,[Sk.nikṣipati,ni+khipati] 1.to lay down (carefully),to put down,to lay (an egg) Vin.II,114; It.13,14 (Pot.nikkhipeyya); Pug.34; J.I,49 (aṇḍakaṃ).-- 2.to lay aside,to put away Vin.I,46 (patta-cīvaraṃ); A.I,206 (daṇḍaṃ to discard the weapon; see daṇḍa); Mhvs 14,10 (dhanu-saraṃ).-- 3.to eliminate,get rid of,give up Pv.II,6<sup>15</sup> (dehaṃ to get rid of the body); DhsA.344 (vitthāra-desanaṃ).-- 4.to give in charge,to deposit,entrust,save Pug.26; VvA.33 (sahassathavikaṃ).-- aor.<i>nikkhipi</i> D.II,16Q (Bhagavato sarīraṃ) J.II,104,111,416; <i>fut</i>.<i> °issati</i> D.II,157 (samussayaṃ); ger.<i>°itvā</i> M.III,156 (cittaṃ); J.II,416; VI,366; grd.<i>°itabba</i> Vin.I,46.-- pp.<i>nikkhitta</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>nikkhipāpeti</i> to cause to be laid down,to order to be put down etc.PvA.215 (gosīsaṭṭhiṃ).Cp.abhi°.(Page 353),10,1
  7465. 303223,en,15,nikkhitta,nikkhitta,Nikkhitta,Nikkhitta,(adj.) [Sk.nikṣipta,see nikkhipati] laid down,lying; put down into,set in,arranged; in cpds.(°-) having laid down=freed of,rid of D.II,14 (maṇi-ratanaṃ vatthe n.set into); It.13 (sagge:put into heaven); J.I,53,266; Pv III,6<sup>8</sup>; Miln.343 (<i>agga°</i> put down as the highest,i.e.of the highest praise; cp.BSk.agranikṣipta Lal.V.167); PvA.148 (dhana n.=collected,v.l.SS.nikkita).nikkhitta-<i>daṇḍa</i> (adj.) not using a weapon (cp.daṇḍa) S.I,141 etc.; nikkhitta-<i>dhura</i> unyoked,freed of the yoke A.I,71; III,108; cp.DhsA.145; -- <i>su°</i> well set,well arranged A.II,147 sq.(°assa pada-vyañjanassa attho sunnayo hoti); opp.<i>dun°</i> A.I,59; Nett 21.(Page 353),9,1
  7466. 303261,en,15,nikkhittaka,nikkhittaka,Nikkhittaka,Nikkhittaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.nikkhitta] one to whose charge something has been committed Dpvs.IV,5 (<i>agga°</i> thera:original depositary of the Faith).(Page 353),11,1
  7467. 303331,en,15,nikkilesa,nikkilesa,Nikkilesa,Nikkilesa,[nis+kilesa] freedom fr.moral blemish Nd<sup>1</sup> 340=Nd<sup>2</sup> under pucchā Nd<sup>2</sup> 185; as adj.pure,unstained DhA.IV,192=SnA 469 (=anāvila).(Page 353),9,1
  7468. 303369,en,15,nikkinati,nikkiṇati,Nikkiṇati,Nikkiṇati,[Sk.niṣkriṇāti,nis+kiṇāti] to buy back,to redeem J.VI,576,585; Miln.284.(Page 353),9,1
  7469. 303383,en,15,nikkinna,nikkiṇṇa,Nikkiṇṇa,Nikkiṇṇa,(adj.) [Sk.niṣkīrṇa,nis+kiṇṇa,see kiraṇa] spread out,spread before,ready (for eating) J.VI,182 (=ṭhapita Com.).(Page 353),8,1
  7470. 303392,en,15,nikkodha,nikkodha,Nikkodha,Nikkodha,(adj.) [nis+kodha] without anger,free from anger J.IV,22.(Page 353),8,1
  7471. 303413,en,15,nikkuha,nikkuha,Nikkuha,Nikkuha,(adj.) [nis+kuha] without deceit,not false A.II,26=It.113; Sn.56; Nd<sup>2</sup> 342.(Page 353),7,1
  7472. 303425,en,15,nikkujja,nikkujja,Nikkujja,Nikkujja,(adj.) [ni+kubja,better spelling is nikujja see nikkujjati] bent down,i.e.head forward,lying on one’s face; upset,thrown over A.I,130; S.V,48; Pv IV.7<sup>7</sup> (k); Pug.31.Opp.ukkujja.(Page 353),8,1
  7473. 303439,en,15,nikkujjati,nikkujjati,Nikkujjati,Nikkujjati,[for nikujjati (q.v.) through analogy with opp.ukkujjati.Etym.perhaps to kujja humpback,Sk.kubja,but better with Kern,Toev.1.p.175= Sk.nyubjati,influenced by kubja with regard to k.] to turn upside down,to upset Vin.II,113; A.IV,344 (pattaṃ).‹-› pp.<i>nikkujjita</i>.(Page 353),10,1
  7474. 303458,en,15,nikkujjita,nikkujjita,Nikkujjita,Nikkujjita,(adj.) [pp.of nikkujjati; often (rightly) spelt nikujjita,q.v.] lying face downward,overturned,upset,fallen over,stumbled Vin.I,16; D.I,85,110; 147,M.I,24 (k.); A.I,173; III,238; Th.2,28,30 (k.); J.III,277; SnA 155 (=adhomukha-ṭhapita); DA.I,228.(Page 353),10,1
  7475. 303519,en,15,nikujati,nikūjati,Nikūjati,Nikūjati,[ni+kūjati “to sing on”] 1.to chirp,warble,hum Th.1,1270 (nikūjaṃ); ThA.211 (nikūji).-- 2.to twang,jingle,rustle J.III,323.-- pp.nikūjita.-- Cp.abhi°.(Page 352),8,1
  7476. 303532,en,15,nikujita,nikūjita,Nikūjita,Nikūjita,[see nikūjati] sung forth,warbled out Th.2,261.(Page 352),8,1
  7477. 303535,en,15,nikujja,nikujja,Nikujja,Nikujja,see nikkujja,q.v.also for <i>nikujjita</i> which is more correctly spelt <i>k</i> than <i>kk</i> (cp.Trenckner,Preface to Majjhima Nikāya &#38; see ni° A 1).(Page 352),7,1
  7478. 303544,en,15,nikujjati,nikujjati,Nikujjati,Nikujjati,[ni+kujjati,see kujja &#38; cp.nikkujja] to be bent down on,i.e.to attach importance to,to lay weight on D.I,53 (as vv.ll.to be preferred to text reading nikkujj°,cp.nikujja); DA.I,160 (nikk°).(Page 352),9,1
  7479. 303574,en,15,nikunja,nikuñja,Nikuñja,Nikuñja,[Sk.nikuñja,ni+kuñja] a hollow down,a glen,thicket Dāvs.IV,32.(Page 352),7,1
  7480. 303580,en,15,nikuta,nikūṭa,Nikūṭa,Nikūṭa,[ni+kūṭa to kūṭa<sup>2</sup>] a corner,top,climax J.I,278 (arahatta°,where usually arahattena kūṭaṃ etc.); DA.I,307 (id.).(Page 352),6,1
  7481. 303598,en,15,nila,nīla,Nīla,Nīla,(adj.) [Vedic nīla,perhaps conn.with Lat.nites to shine,see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.] dark-blue,blue-black,blue-green.Nīla serves as a general term to designate the “coloured-black,” as opposed to the “colouredwhite” (pīta yellow),which pairs (nīla-pīta) are both set off against the “pure” colour-sensations of red (lohitaka) &#38; white (odāta),besides the distinct black or dark (see kaṇha).Therefore n.has a fluctuating connotation (cp.Mrs.Rh.D.Buddh.Psych.p.49 &#38; Dhs.trsl.p.62),its only standard comb<sup>n</sup> being that with <i>pīta</i>,e.g.in the enum<sup>n</sup> of the ten kasiṇa practices (see kasiṇa):<i>nīla pīta lohita odāta;</i> in the description of the 5 colours of the Buddha’s eye:nīla pītaka lohitaka kaṇha odāta (Nd<sup>2</sup> 235,I<sup>a</sup> under cakkhumā); which goes even so far as to be used simply in the sense of “black &#38; white,” e.g.VvA.320.Applied to hair (lomāni) D.II,144; M.II,136.See further enum<sup>n</sup> at VvA.111 &#38; under kaṇha.-- A.III,239; IV,263 sq.,305,349; V,61; Vism.110,156,173; ThA.42 (mahā° great blue lotus); Dhs.617; Pv.II,2<sup>5</sup>; PvA.32,46,158; Sdhp.246,270,360.<br><br> <i>--abbha</i> a black cloud Pv IV.3<sup>9</sup>.<i>--abhijāti</i> a dark (unfortunate) birth (cp.kaṇh°) A.III,383; <i>--uppala</i> blue lotus J.III,394; Vv 45<sup>4</sup> (=kuvalaya); DhA.I,384; <i>--kasiṇa</i> the “blue” kasiṇa (q.v.) D.III,248; Dhs.203; (Vam 172 etc.; <i>--gīva</i> “blue neck,” a peacock Sn.221 =maṇi-daṇḍa-sadisāya gīvāya n.ti SnA 277); <i>--pupphī</i> N.of plant (“blue-blossom”) J.VI,53; <i>--bījaka</i> a waterplant (“blue-seed”) Bdhgh at Vin.III,276; <i>--maṇi</i> a sapphire (“blue-stone”) J.II,112; IV,140; DhA.III,254; <i>--vaṇṇa</i> blue colour,coloured blue or green J.IV,140 (of the ocean); Dhs.246.(Page 376),4,1
  7482. 303610,en,15,nila,nīḷa,Nīḷa,Nīḷa,[Vedic nīḍa] a nest (J.V,92):see <i>niḍḍha:</i> cp.°pacchi bird cage J.II,361; roga° It.37; vadharoga° Th.I,1093.(Page 376),4,1
  7483. 303679,en,15,nilaka,nīlaka,Nīlaka,Nīlaka,(adj.) for nīla M.II,201; see vi°.(Page 376),6,1
  7484. 303941,en,15,nilaya,nilaya,Nilaya,Nilaya,[fr.ni+<em>lī</em>] a dwelling,habitation,lair,nest J.III,454.(Page 371),6,1
  7485. 303955,en,15,nilenaka,nilenaka,Nilenaka,Nilenaka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.nilayana,fr.ni+<em>lī</em>] settling place,hiding-place,refuge J.V,102 (so read for <i>nillenaka;</i> expl<sup>d</sup> by nilīyanaṭṭhāna p.103).(Page 371),8,1
  7486. 303960,en,15,nili,nīlī,Nīlī,Nīlī,(f.) [Sk.nīlī] the indigo plant,indigo colour A.III,230,233.(Page 376),4,1
  7487. 303963,en,15,nilicchita,nilicchita,Nilicchita,Nilicchita,see <i>nillacchita</i>.(Page 371),10,1
  7488. 303974,en,15,nilina,nilīna,Nilīna,Nilīna,(adj.) [pp.of nilāyati] sitting on (c.Loc.),perched; hidden,concealed,lying in wait J.I,135,293; III,26; VvA.230.(Page 371),6,1
  7489. 304004,en,15,niliya,nīliya,Nīliya,Nīliya,[fr.nīlī] an (indigo) hair dye J.III,138 (Com.nīliyaka).(Page 376),6,1
  7490. 304013,en,15,niliyana,nilīyana,Nilīyana,Nilīyana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.nilīyati,cp.Sk.nilayana] hiding J.V,103 (°ṭṭhāna hiding-place).(Page 371),8,1
  7491. 304041,en,15,niliyati,nilīyati,Nilīyati,Nilīyati,[ni+līyati] to sit down (esp.for the purpose of hiding),to settle,alight; to keep oneself hidden,to lurk,hide J.I,222,292; Miln.257; PvA.178.aor.nilīyi J.I,158; III,26; DhA.II,56; PvA.274.-- pp.<i>nilīna</i>.Caus.II.<i>nilīyāpeti</i> to conceal,hide (trs.) J.I,292.(Page 371),8,1
  7492. 304064,en,15,nillaccheti,nillaccheti,Nillaccheti,Nillaccheti,[nis+laccheti of <em>lāñch</em>,cp.lakkhaṇa] to deprive of the marks or characteristics (of virility),to castrate Th.2,437 (=purisa-bhāvassa lacchana-bhūtāni bījakāni nillacchesi nīhari ThA.270).See also nillañchaka &#38; nillacchita.(Page 371),11,1
  7493. 304068,en,15,nillacchita,nillacchita,Nillacchita,Nillacchita,(adj.) [Sk.*nirlāñchita,nis+lacchita of nillaccheti] castrated Th.2,440; written as <i>nilicchita</i> at J.VI,238 (v.l.BB as gloss niluñcita).expl<sup>d</sup> by “vacchakakāla ...nibbījako kato,uddhaṭabījo” (p.239).(Page 371),11,1
  7494. 304077,en,15,nillajja,nillajja,Nillajja,Nillajja,(adj.) [nis+lajjā] shameless Sdhp.382. <i>Ni(l)lañchaka</i> (adj.-n.) [cp.Sk.nirlāñchana,of nirlāñchayati=nis+laccheti] one who marks cattle,i.e.one who castrates or deprives of virility J.IV,364 (spelt <i>tilañchaka</i> in text,but right in v.l.),expl<sup>d</sup> as “tisūlâdi-aṅkakaraṇena lañchakā ca lakkhaṇakārakā ti attho” (p.366).cp.nillacchita.(Page 371),8,1
  7495. 304091,en,15,nillaleti,nillāḷeti,Nillāḷeti,Nillāḷeti, &#38; Nilloḷeti [nis+<em>lul</em>,cp.Sk.laḍayati &#38; loḍayati] to move (the tongue) up &#38; down S.I,118; M.I,109; DA.I,42 (pp.nillāḷita-jivhā); DhA.IV,197 (jivhaṃ nilloleti; v.l.nillāleti &#38; lilāḷeti)=J.V,434 (v.l.nillelati for °lo°).(Page 371),9,1
  7496. 304105,en,15,nillapa,nillapa,Nillapa,Nillapa,(adj.) [nis+lapa] without deceit,free from slander A.II,26=It.113.(Page 371),7,1
  7497. 304124,en,15,nillekha,nillekha,Nillekha,Nillekha,(adj.) [nis+lekha] without scratches,without edges (?) Vin.II,123 (of jantāghara).(Page 371),8,1
  7498. 304145,en,15,nillobha,nillobha,Nillobha,Nillobha,(adj.) [nis+lobha] free from greed J.IV,10.(Page 371),8,1
  7499. 304153,en,15,nillokana,nillokana,Nillokana,Nillokana,(adj.-n.) [nis+lokana] watching out; watchful,careful J.V,43,86 (°sīla).(Page 371),9,1
  7500. 304166,en,15,nilloketi,nilloketi,Nilloketi,Nilloketi,[nis+loketi] to watch out,keep guard,watch,observe Vin.II,208.(Page 371),9,1
  7501. 304170,en,15,nillolup,nillolup,Nillolup,Nillolup,(p)a (adj.) [nis+loluppā] free from greed or desires Sn.56 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 362 nittaṇha); J.V,358.(Page 371),8,1
  7502. 304202,en,15,nillopa,nillopa,Nillopa,Nillopa,[cp.Sk.nirlopa,nis+<em>lup</em>] plundering,plunder D.I,52; A.I,154; Nd<sup>1</sup> 144 (°ṃ harati); Nd<sup>2</sup> 199<sup>7</sup>; Tikp 167,280; DA.I,159.(Page 371),7,1
  7503. 304286,en,15,nimajjhima,nimajjhima,Nimajjhima,Nimajjhima,(adj.) the middle one J.V,371.(Page 366),10,1
  7504. 304299,en,15,nimantaka,nimantaka,Nimantaka,Nimantaka,(adj.-n.) one who invites Miln.205.(Page 366),9,1
  7505. 304311,en,15,nimantana,nimantana,Nimantana,Nimantana,(nt.) [to nimanteti] invitation Vin.I,58= II.175; D.I,166; M.I,77; A.I,295; J.I,116 (ṇ),412; Pug.55.(Page 367),9,1
  7506. 304352,en,15,nimantanika,nimantanika,Nimantanika,Nimantanika,(adj.) inviting; (nt.) N.of a Suttanta M.I,331; quoted at Vism.393.(Page 367),11,1
  7507. 304422,en,15,nimanteti,nimanteti,Nimanteti,Nimanteti,[Sk.nimantrayati,ni+manteti] to send a message,to call,summon,invite,coax (to=c.Instr.) Sn.981 (nimantayi aor.,āsanena asked him to sit down); J.VI,365; Nd<sup>2</sup> 342; DhA.III,171 (°ayiṃsu); DA.I,169; VvA.47 (pānīyena invite to a drink); PvA.75,95.‹-› pp.<i>nimantita</i>,q.v.-- Cp.abhi°.(Page 367),9,1
  7508. 304454,en,15,nimantita,nimantita,Nimantita,Nimantita,[pp.of nimanteti] invited Sn.p.104; PvA.22 (bhattena to the meal),86 (=āmantita),141.(Page 367),9,1
  7509. 304495,en,15,nimba,nimba,Nimba,Nimba,[Sk.nimba,non-Aryan] the Nimb tree (Azadirachta Indica),bearing a bitter leaf, &#38; noted for its hard wood Vin.I,152 (°kosa),284 (id.),201 (°kasāva); A.I,32; V,212; Vv 33<sup>36</sup> (°muṭṭhi,a handful of N.leaves); J.II,105,106; DhA.I,52 (°kosa); DhsA.320 (°paṇṇa,the leaf of the N.as example of tittaka,bitter taste); VvA.142 (°palāsa); PvA.220 (°rukkhassa daṇḍena katasūla).(Page 367),5,1
  7510. 304545,en,15,nimesa,nimesa,Nimesa,Nimesa,[=nimisa,cp.Vedic nimesa] winking Miln.194.(Page 367),6,1
  7511. 304616,en,15,niminati,nimināti,Nimināti,Nimināti,[Sk.niminoti in diff.meaning,the P.meaning being influenced by <i>mā;</i> ni+mināti,<i>mi</i> to fix,measure cp.Sk.nimaya barter,change] to turn round,change; to barter,exchange for (c.Instr.):pres.imper.<i>niminā</i> J.V,343 (=parivattehi Com.); pres.1st pl.<i>nimimhase</i> J.II,369,pot.<i>nimineyya</i> J.III,63; fut.<i>nimissati</i> J.V,271,453 (devatāhi nirayaṃ); aor.<i>nimmini</i> J.III,63; ger.<i>niminitvā</i> Milo 279.(Page 367),8,1
  7512. 304634,en,15,nimisa,nimisa,Nimisa,Nimisa,[cp.Vedic nimiṣ f. &#38; nimiṣa nt.] winking,shutting the eyes; <i>animisa</i> not winking Dāvs.V,26.See also <i>nimesa</i>.(Page 367),6,1
  7513. 304643,en,15,nimisata,nimisatā,Nimisatā,Nimisatā,(f.) [abstr.to nimisati] winking J.VI,336 (a°).(Page 367),8,1
  7514. 304650,en,15,nimisati,nimisati,Nimisati,Nimisati,[Sk.nimiṣati,ni+misati] to wink D.II,20 (animisanto,not winking; v.l.BB animm°; J.III,96 (ummisati+).Cp.nimisatā. <i>Nimīlati (</i>&<i> Nimmīlati)</i> [ni+mīlati] to shut,close (the eyes) J.I,279; DhA.II,6 (akkhīni nimmīlituṃ nâsakkhi).Caus.<i>nim(m)īl-eti</i> id.M.I,120; DhA.II,28 (paralokaṃ; opp.ummīleti); J.I,279; Vism.292 (akkhīni ni°).(Page 367),8,1
  7515. 304671,en,15,nimitta,nimitta,Nimitta,Nimitta,(nt.) [cp.Sk.nimitta,to <em>mā</em>,although etym.uncertain] 1.sign,omen,portent,prognostication D.I,9 (study of omens=n.satthaṃ DA.I,92,q.v.for detailed expl<sup>n</sup>); J.I,11 (caturo nimitte nâddasaṃ); Miln.79,178.Esp.as <i>pubba°</i> signs preceding an event,portents,warnings,foreshadowings S.V,154,278,442; It.76 (cp.Divy 193,of the waning of a god); J.I,48,50 (32 signs before birth,some at DA.I,61),59; Miln.298; Vism.577.‹-› 2.outward appearance,mark,characteristic,attribute,phenomenon (opp.essence) D.III,249; A.I,256; III,319,375 sq.; IV,33,418 sq.; J.I,420; Ps.I,60,91 sq.,164,170; II,39,64; Vbh.193 sq.-- Mental reflex,image (with ref.to jhāna) Vism.123,cp.DhsA.167.-- Specified e.g.as foll.:oḷārika S.V,259; pasādaniya S.V,156; paccavekkhana° D.III,278; Vbh.334; bahiddhā-saṅkhārā° Ps.I,66 sq.; bāla° (opp.paṇḍita°) M.III,163; A.I,102; mukha° (=face) D.I,80; S.III,103; V,121; A.V,92,97 sq.,103; rūpa°,sadda° etc.S.III,10; M.I,296; Ps.I,92,112; samatha° D.III,213; samādhi° etc.A.I,256 sq.; subha° ( &#38; asubha°) S.V,64,103 sq.; A.I,3 sq.,87,200; V,134; Vism.178 sq.<i>nimittaṃ gaṇhāti</i> to make something the object of a thought,to catch up a theme for reflection Vin.I,183,cp.S.V,150 sq.(°ṃ uggaṇhāti); M.I,119 (=five sorts of mental images); Nd<sup>2</sup> 659; DhsA.53 (=ākāra).See below n-gāhin &#38; animitta.‹-› nimittaṃ parivajjeti to discard the phenomenal S.I,188; Sn.341.-- 3.mark,aim:in nimittaṃ karoti to pick out the aim,to mark out J.V,436; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235,1<sup>d</sup>; Miln.418.‹-› 4.sexual organ (cp.lakkhaṇa) Vin.III,129 (n. &#38; a°,as term of abuse); see also kāṭa &#38; koṭacikā.-- 5.ground,reason,condition,in <i>nimittena</i> (Instr.) and <i>nimittaṃ</i> (Acc.) as adv.=by means of,on account of DhA.III,175 (Instr.) PvA.8,97 (jāti-nimittaṃ),106 (kiṃ n°ṃ=kissa hetu),242 (yaṃ n°ṃ=yato nidānaṃ).gahita-nimittena “by means of being caught” Vism.144=DhsA.116 (read trsl<sup>n</sup> 154 accordingly!).adj.<i>nimitta</i> (-°) caused by,referring to PvA.64 (maraṇa-nimittaṃ rodanaṃ).-- <i>animitta</i> free from marks or attributes,not contaminated by outward signs or appearance,undefiled,unaffected,unconditioned (opp.sa°) S.I,188; IV,225 (phassa),268,360 (samādhi); M.I,296 (cetovimutti); A.I,82; III,292; IV,78; Vin.III,129; Th.1,92; D.III,219,249; Dh.92; Sn.342; Ps.I,60,91; II,36,59 sq.(vimokha),65 sq.,99; Dhs.530 (read a° for appa°); Vism.236; DhsA.223 (absence of the 3 lakkhaṇas); Miln.333,413; DhA.II,172; ThA.50.See also Cpd.199,211<sup>5</sup>.<i>sanimitta</i> S.V,213 sq.; A.I,82.<br><br> <i>--ânusārin</i> following outward signs (=°gāhin) A.III,292; Nett 25; <i>--kamma</i> prognostication,prophecy Vin.V,172; Vbh.353; <i>--karaṇa</i>=gāhin S.IV,297; <i>--gāhin</i> “taking signs,” enticed or led away by outward signs,entranced with the general appearance,sensuously attracted D.I,70 (cp.Dialogues I.80); III,225; S.IV,104,168; A.II,16; III,99; V,348; Pug.20,24,58; Dhs.1345; Miln.367,403.Cp.Vism.151,209.(Page 367),7,1
  7516. 304971,en,15,nimmadana,nimmadana,Nimmadana,Nimmadana,(nt.) [to nimmādeti] touching,touch,crushing,subduing A.II,34 (mada-nimmadana,crushing out pride; may,however,be taken as nis+mada of <em>mad</em>= “de-priding,” lit.disintoxication); Bu I.81; Vism.293.(Page 367),9,1
  7517. 304983,en,15,nimmadaya,nimmadaya,Nimmadaya,Nimmadaya,(adj.) [Sk.nirmṛdya,grd.of nimmadeti] suppressible D.II,243.(Page 368),9,1
  7518. 304991,en,15,nimmaddana,nimmaddana,Nimmaddana,Nimmaddana,(nt.) [nis+<em>mṛd</em>] touching,crushing Miln.270 (na vāto hattha-gahaṇaṃ vā nimmaddanaṃ vā upeti:the wind cannot be grasped).(Page 368),10,1
  7519. 305017,en,15,nimmadeti,nimmādeti,Nimmādeti,Nimmādeti,[either=Sk.nirmṛdayati (<em>mṛd</em>) or *nirmādayati to nirmada.free from pride=nirmāna] to crush,subdue,humiliate; insult D.I,92 (v.l.<i>°maddeti;</i>=DA.I,257 nimmadati nimmāne karoti),93,96.(Page 368),9,1
  7520. 305044,en,15,nimmakkha,nimmakkha,Nimmakkha,Nimmakkha,(adj.) [nis+makkha,cp.Sk.nirmatsara] without egotism,not false,not slandering Sn.56 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 356 makkha=niṭṭhuriya; see also SnA 108; paraguṇa-vināsana-lakkhaṇo makkho).(Page 367),9,1
  7521. 305054,en,15,nimmakkhika,nimmakkhika,Nimmakkhika,Nimmakkhika,(adj.) [Sk.nirmakṣika] free from flies J.I,262; DhA.I,59. <i>Nimmajjana (Nimmiñjana?)</i> [*<em>mṛd</em>-yana? perhaps nonAryan] a kind of (oil-)cake Vv 33<sup>38</sup> (nimmajjani=tilapiññāka VvA.147); Pv.I,10<sup>10</sup> (°miñjana,v.l.BB °majjani); PvA.47 (doṇi°).(Page 367),11,1
  7522. 305076,en,15,nimmala,nimmala,Nimmala,Nimmala,(adj.) [nis+mala] free from impurity,stainless,clean,pure A.IV,340; Dh.243; Nd<sup>2</sup> 586; Vism.58; Sdhp.250.(Page 368),7,1
  7523. 305110,en,15,nimmamsa,nimmaṃsa,Nimmaṃsa,Nimmaṃsa,(adj.) [nis+maṃsa] fleshless M.I,58,364; PvA.68.(Page 367),8,1
  7524. 305138,en,15,nimmana,nimmāna,Nimmāna,Nimmāna,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk.nirmāna,nis+māna] free from pride,humble DA.I,257.(Page 368),7,1
  7525. 305139,en,15,nimmana,nimmāna,Nimmāna,Nimmāna,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Sk.nirmāṇa,see nimmināti] measuring; production,creation,work; issara-n-hetu caused by God M.II,122; A.I,173; Vbh.367.<I>N</I>.<i>--ratī</i> devā a class of devas,e.g.at D.I,218; It.94; Vism.225; DA.I,114; ThA.169; VvA.149.Cp.(para-) nimmita.(Page 368),7,1
  7526. 305173,en,15,nimmaniyati,nimmāniyati,Nimmāniyati,Nimmāniyati,[Pass.to nimmāna,of nis+māna] to be abased,to be mocked Vin.II,183.(Page 368),11,1
  7527. 305184,en,15,nimmanussa,nimmanussa,Nimmanussa,Nimmanussa,(nt.) [nis+manussa+ya] void of men,absence of men J.III,148.(Page 368),10,1
  7528. 305204,en,15,nimmata-pitika,nimmāta-pitika,Nimmāta-pitika,Nimmāta-pitika,(adj.) [nis+māta-pitika] one who has neither mother nor father,an orphan DhA.II,72.(Page 368),14,1
  7529. 305217,en,15,nimmatar,nimmātar,Nimmātar,Nimmātar,[Sk.nirmātṛ,n.ag.of nimmināti] maker,builder,creator D.I,18,56 (in formula:brahmā ...kattā nimmātā ...).(Page 368),8,1
  7530. 305224,en,15,nimmathana,nimmathana,Nimmathana,Nimmathana,(nt.) [nis+mathana] crushing J.III,252; Vism.234 (sattu°); DhA.III,404; VvA.284.(Page 367),10,1
  7531. 305240,en,15,nimmatheti,nimmatheti,Nimmatheti,Nimmatheti,[nis+matheti] to crush out,suppress,destroy J.I,340.Cp.abhimatthati.(Page 367),10,1
  7532. 305281,en,15,nimmileti,nimmīleti,Nimmīleti,Nimmīleti,see nimīlati.(Page 368),9,1
  7533. 305309,en,15,nimminati,nimmināti,Nimmināti,Nimmināti,[cp.Sk.nirmimīti &#38; nirmāti,nis+mināti,<em>mā</em><i>;</i> cp.nimināti] to measure out,fashion,build,construct,form; make by miracle,create,compose; produce,lay out,plan,aor.<i>nimmini</i> J.I,232; PvA.245; DhA.IV,67; ger <i>nimminitvā</i> J.I,32; VvA.80, &#38; <i>nimmāya</i> Vv 16<sup>3</sup>.-- pp.<i>nimmita</i> See also nimmātar and nimmāna.Cp.abhi°.(Page 368),9,1
  7534. 305347,en,15,nimmita,nimmita,Nimmita,Nimmita,(adj.-pp.) [pp.of nimmināti] measured out,planned,laid out; created (by supernatural power,iddhi); measured,stately D.I,18,56 (iddhiyā pi DA.I,167),219 (Su° devaputta.Np.),ibid.(Paranimmitavasavattī devā a class of devas,lit.“created by others,” but also possessed of great power:VvA.79,80); also one of the 5,or the 3 spheres (kāmûpapattiyo) in the kāmaloka,viz.paccupaṭṭhita-kāmā,nimmānarati° (or nimmita°),paranimmita°.It.94; Dhs.1280 (cp.kāma); D.III,218; J.I,59,146 (kāyo n’eva deva° na brahma°),232,Nd<sup>2</sup> 202<SUP>A</SUP>,also under pucchā; P II.1<sup>19</sup> (su°,well constructed,i.e.symmetrical); Vism.228 (Mārena nimmitaṃ Buddharūpaṃ); VvA.36 (=mitaṃ gacchati vāraṇo),79; ThA.69,70; Miln.1,242.See also abhinimmita.(Page 368),7,1
  7535. 305412,en,15,nimmoka,nimmoka,Nimmoka,Nimmoka,[Sk.nirmoka fr.nis+moceti] the slough or castoff skin of a snake PvA.63.(Page 368),7,1
  7536. 305422,en,15,nimmula,nimmūla,Nimmūla,Nimmūla,(adj.) [nis+mūla] without root,rootless J.VI,177.(Page 368),7,1
  7537. 305428,en,15,nimokkha,nimokkha,Nimokkha,Nimokkha,=vimokkha S.I,2 (v.l.SS vi°,preferable).(Page 367),8,1
  7538. 305448,en,15,nimugga,nimugga,Nimugga,Nimugga,(adj.) [cp.Sk,nimagna,pp.of nimujjati] plunged,immersed in,sunk down or fallen into (-°) (c.Loc.) Vin.III,106 (gūthakūpe sasīsakaṃ n.); D.I,75; J.I,4; III,393 (gūthakalale),415; Nd<sup>1</sup> 26; Pug.71; Miln.262; Sdhp.573. <i>Nimujjā (nimmujjā)</i> [Sk.*nimajj-yā] diving,immersion,in cpd.ummujja-nimujja(ṃ karoti) D.I,78.See ummujjā.(Page 367),7,1
  7539. 305492,en,15,nimujjana,nimujjana,Nimujjana,Nimujjana,(nt.) [Sk.nimajjana] diving,ducking; bathing PvA.47.(Page 367),9,1
  7540. 305540,en,15,nimujjati,nimujjati,Nimujjati,Nimujjati,[Sk.nimajjati,ni+mujjati] to sink down,plunge into (with Loc.),dive in,be immersed A.IV,11; Pug.74; J.I,66,70; III,163,393 (kāmakalale); IV,139; aor.nimujji J.II,293; PvA.47 (udake).-- Caus.<i>nimujjeti</i> (so read for nimujjati J.V,268) &#38; <i>nimujjāpeti</i> to cause to sink or dive,to drown J-III,133; IV,142 (nāvaṃ).-- pp.<i>nimugga</i> q.v.(Page 367),9,1
  7541. 305586,en,15,ninda,nindā,Nindā,Nindā,(f.) [cp.Sk.nindā,to nindati] blame,reproach,fault-finding,fault,disgrace S.III,73; A.II,188; IV,157 sq.; M.I,362; Sn.213 (+pasaṃsā blame &#38; praise); Dh.81 (id.); Sn.826,895,928; Dh.143,309; Nd<sup>1</sup> 165,306,384; DhA.II,148.-- In comp<sup>n</sup> <i>nindi°</i> see anindi°.(Page 359),5,1
  7542. 305609,en,15,nindana,nindana,Nindana,Nindana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.nindati] blaming,reviling,finding fault DhA.III,328.(Page 359),7,1
  7543. 305648,en,15,nindati,nindati,Nindati,Nindati,[Sk.nindati,<em>nid</em> as in Gr.o)/neidos (blame),Lith.naids (hatred),Goth.naitjan (to rail or blaspheme),Ohg.neizzan (to plague); cp.Goth.neip=Ohg.nīd (envy)] to blame,find fault with,censure A.II,3; V,171,174; Sn.658; J.VI,63; Dh.227; inf.nindituṃ Dh.230; grd.nindanīya SnA 477.pp.nindita (q.v.); cp.also nindiya.(Page 359),7,1
  7544. 305675,en,15,nindita,nindita,Nindita,Nindita,(adj.) [pp.of nindati] blamed,reproved,reviled; faulty,blameworthy Dh.228; Pv.II,3<sup>34</sup> (a° blameless= agarahita pasaṃsa PvA.89); Sdhp.254,361.-- <i>anindita</i> J.IV,106 (°aṅgin).(Page 359),7,1
  7545. 305702,en,15,nindiya,nindiya,Nindiya,Nindiya,(adj.) [Sk.nindya,orig.grd.of nindati] blameable,faulty,blameworthy Sn.658 (=nindanīya SnA 477); Nett 132.pi nindiyā at PvA.23 is to be read as pīṇitindriyā.(Page 359),7,1
  7546. 305714,en,15,ninhata,niṇhāta,Niṇhāta,Niṇhāta,(adj.) [Sk.*niḥsnāta,nis+nahāta] cleansed,purified It.56 (°pāpaka=sinless; with several vv.ll.amongst which niddāta of niḍḍāyati=cleansed of weeds) =Nd<sup>1</sup> 58 (ninhāta°)=Nd<sup>2</sup> 514 (ninhāta,v.l.SS ninnahāta).(Page 357),7,1
  7547. 305718,en,15,ninhata,ninhāta,Ninhāta,Ninhāta,see niṇhāta.(Page 359),7,1
  7548. 305745,en,15,ninna,ninna,Ninna,Ninna,(adj.-n.) [Vedic nimna,der.fr.ni down,prob.comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>°na</i> of <i>nam</i> to bend,thus meaning “bent down,” cp.unna &#38; panna] 1.(adj.) bent down (cp.ninnata),low-lying,deep,low,sunken J.II,3 (magga); PvA.29 (bhūmibhāga),132 (ṭhāṇa); esp.freq.as --°:bent on,inclining to,leading to,aiming at,flowing into etc.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with similar expressions in chain <i>taccarita tabbahula taggaruka tanninna tappoṇa tappabbhāra tadâdhimutta</i> (with variation nibbāna°,viveka° etc.for tad°):Nd<sup>2</sup> under tad; J.II,15; Ps.II,197; -- Vin.II,237=A.IV,198 (samuddo anupubba° etc.); A.IV,224 (viveka°); V,175 (id.); M.I,493 (Nibbāna°).Similarly:samudda° Gaṅgā M.I,493; nekkhamma° J.I,45 (V.258); samādhi° Miln.38.-- 2.(Acc.as adv.) downward:ninnaṃ pavattati to flow downward M.I,117; Pv.I,5<sup>7</sup>; ninnagata running down Miln.259 (udaka); ninnaga Dāvs.IV,28.-- 3.(nt.) low land,low ground,plain (opp.thala elevation,plateau):usually with ref.to a raincloud flooding the low country Sn.30 (mahamegho °ṃ pūrayaṃto); SnA 42 (=pallala); It.66 (megho °ṃ pūreti); Pv.II,9<sup>45</sup> (megho °ṃ paripūrayanto).<br><br> <i>--unnata</i> low lying &#38; elevated Miln.349 (desabhāga).(Page 359),5,1
  7549. 305783,en,15,ninnadin,ninnādin,Ninnādin,Ninnādin,(adj.) [fr.ninnāda] sounding (loud),resonant (of a beautiful voice) D.II,211 (cp.aṭṭhaṅga brahmassara &#38; bindu).(Page 359),8,1
  7550. 305819,en,15,ninnameti,ninnāmeti,Ninnāmeti,Ninnāmeti,[Caus.of ni+namati] to bend down,put out (the tongue) D.I,106 (jivhaṃ=nīharati DA.I,276); J.I,163,164; cp.Divy 7,71 (nirṇāmayati).(Page 359),9,1
  7551. 305830,en,15,ninnamin,ninnāmin,Ninnāmin,Ninnāmin,(adj.) [fr.ni+<em>nam</em>] bending downwards,descending A.IV,237.(Page 359),8,1
  7552. 305861,en,15,ninnata,ninnata,Ninnata,Ninnata,(adj.) [ni+nata] bent down,bent upon,in <i>ninnatattā</i> (fem.abstr.) aim,purpose (?) DhsA.39 (is the reading correct?). <i>Ninnāda (</i>&<i> Nināda</i> Miln,Dāvs) [Sk.<i>nināda</i>,ni+nāda] sounding forth,sound,tune,melody A.II,117 (°sadda); J.VI,43; VvA.161; Miln.148; Dāvs.V,31.(Page 359),7,1
  7553. 305902,en,15,ninnetar,ninnetar,Ninnetar,Ninnetar,[n.ag.to ni-nayati=Sk.*ninayitṛ,cp.netar] one who leads down to,one who disposes of (c.Gen.),bringer of,giver,usually in phrase atthassa n.(bringer of good:“Heilbringer”) of the Buddha S.IV,94; M.I,111; A.V,226 sq.,256 sq.; Ps.II,194.(Page 359),8,1
  7554. 305905,en,15,ninneti,ninneti,Ninneti,Ninneti,[Sk.ninayati,ni+nayati] to lead down,lead away; drain,(udakaṃ),desiccate Vin.II,180.-- pp.<i>ninnīta</i>,q.v.(Page 359),7,1
  7555. 305920,en,15,ninnita,ninnīta,Ninnīta,Ninnīta,(adj.) [pp.of ninneti] lead down,lead away; drained,purified,free from (°-) A.I,254 (ninnīta-kasāva of gold:free fr.dross).(Page 359),7,1
  7556. 305927,en,15,nipa,nipa,Nipa,Nipa,at J.V,6 read as <i>nīpa</i>.(Page 359),4,1
  7557. 305935,en,15,nipa,nīpa,Nīpa,Nīpa,(adj.) [Vedic nīpa,contr.fr.ni+āpa “low water”] lit.lying low,deep,N.of the tree Nauclea cadamba,a species of Asoka tree J.I,13 (v.61)=Bu II.51; J.V,6 (so read for nipa).(Page 375),4,1
  7558. 305942,en,15,nipacc-akara,nipacc-ākāra,Nipacc-ākāra,Nipacc-ākāra,[nipacca,ger.of nipatati+ākāra] obedience,humbleness,service S.I,178; V,233; A.V,66; J.I,232; IV,133; VvA.22,320; PvA.12.(Page 360),12,1
  7559. 305952,en,15,nipacca-vadin,nipacca-vādin,Nipacca-vādin,Nipacca-vādin,(adj.) [nipacca,ger.of nipāteti+vādin] speaking hurtfully Sn.217 (=dāyakaṃ nipātetvā appiyavacanāni vattā SnA 272).(Page 360),13,1
  7560. 305983,en,15,nipadamase,nipadāmase,Nipadāmase,Nipadāmase,at J.III,120 is an old misreading &#38; is to be corrected into <i>nipatāmase</i> (=let us gather,bring together=dedicate),unless it be read as <i>nipphadāmase</i> (=do,set forth,prepare,give),in spite of Com.expl<sup>n</sup> p.121:nikārapakārā (=nipaccakārā?) upasaggā (upasajja?) dāmase (<i>dā</i>) ti attho; endorsed by Müller,P.G.p.97 &#38; Kern,Toev.p.175.It cannot be ni+pa+ dāmase,since ni is never used as secondary (modifying) verb-component (see ni° A 2), &#38; Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> is popular etym.Cp.nipatāmase at J.IV,361 (see nipatati).(Page 360),10,1
  7561. 306079,en,15,nipajjati,nipajjati,Nipajjati,Nipajjati,[Sk.nipadyate,ni+pajjati] to lie down (to sleep) D.I,246; A.IV,332; J.I,150; DhA.I,40; PvA.280; aor.<i>nipajji</i> J.I,279; II,154; III,83; VvA.75,76; PvA.74,75,93; ger.<i>nipajja</i> J.I,7 (V.44:°ṭṭhānacaṅkama).-- Caus.<i>nipajjāpeti</i> to lay down,deposit J.I,50,253,267; III,26,188; DhA.I,50; VvA.76 (°etvā rakkhāpetha).Cp.abhi°.(Page 360),9,1
  7562. 306137,en,15,nipaka,nipaka,Nipaka,Nipaka,(adj.) [cp.BSk.nipaka chief,fr.Sk.nipa,chief,master] intelligent,clever,prudent,wise S.I,13,52,187; M.I,339; A.I,165 (+jhāyin); III,24,138; Sn.45≈Dh.328≈DhA.I,62; Sn.283,962,1038; Nd<sup>2</sup> 349 (=jātimā) =Nd<sup>1</sup> 478; Bu I.49; Vbh.426; Miln.34,342,411; Vism.3 (def<sup>n</sup>).(Page 359),6,1
  7563. 306143,en,15,nipaka,nipāka,Nipāka,Nipāka,(adj.) [Sk.nipāka,ni+pāka (pacati)] full grown,fully developed,in full strength J.VI,327 (of a tree).(Page 360),6,1
  7564. 306153,en,15,nipakka,nipakka,Nipakka,Nipakka,at Vin.I,200 read <i>nippakka</i>.(Page 360),7,1
  7565. 306165,en,15,nipalavita,nipalāvita,Nipalāvita,Nipalāvita,(pp.) (Com.reading for vipalāvita text) [Sk.viplāvita,see plavati] made to swim,immersed,thrown into water J.I,326.(Page 360),10,1
  7566. 306187,en,15,nipanna,nipanna,Nipanna,Nipanna,(adj.) [pp.of nipajjati] lying down J.I,151,279; II,103; III,276 (°kāle while he was asleep),IV.167; PvA.43,75,265 (spelt nippanna,opp.nikujja).(Page 360),7,1
  7567. 306207,en,15,nipannaka,nipannaka,Nipannaka,Nipannaka,(adj.)=nipanna Ps.II,209; J.I,151.(Page 360),9,1
  7568. 306263,en,15,nipata,nipāta,Nipāta,Nipāta,[Sk.nipāta,ni+pāta,of nipatati] 1.falling down Dh.121 (udabindu°); VvA.279 (diṭṭhi°,a glance); PvA.45 (asa°).-- 2.descending M.I,453.-- 3.a particle,the gram.term for adverbs,conjunctions &#38; interjections J.V,243 (assu); PvA.11 (mā),26 (vo),40 (taṃ),50 (ca).-- 4.a section of a book (see next).Cp.vi°,san°.(Page 360),6,1
  7569. 306272,en,15,nipataka,nipātaka,Nipātaka,Nipātaka,(adj.) [to nipāta] divided into sections or chapters Dpvs.IV,16.(Page 360),8,1
  7570. 306286,en,15,nipatana,nipātana,Nipātana,Nipātana,(nt.) [to nipatati] 1.falling upon DhA.I,295.‹-› 2.going to bed VvA.71 (pacchā° opp.pubbuṭṭhāna).Cp.nipātin.(Page 360),8,1
  7571. 306330,en,15,nipatati,nipatati,Nipatati,Nipatati,[Sk.nipatati,ni+patati] 1.(intrs.) to fall down,fly down,descend,go out Vin.II,192 (Bhagavato pādesu sirasā n.bending his head at the feet of Bh.); PvA.60 (id.); J.I,278; V,467 (nippatissāmi=nikkhamissāmi Com.) Pv.II,8<sup>9</sup> (v.l.BB parivisayitvā)=nikkhamitvā PvA.109 (cp.nippatati).-- 2.(trs.) to bring together,to convene,in nipatāmase (pres.subj.) “shall we convene? “ J.IV,361.See also nipadāmase.-- Cp.abhi°,san°.(Page 360),8,1
  7572. 306368,en,15,nipateti,nipāteti,Nipāteti,Nipāteti,[ni+Caus.of patati] to let fall,throw down into (c.Loc.); bring to fall,injure; fig.cast upon,charge with D.I,91; M.I,453 (ayokaṭāhe); J.III,359; SnA 272; PvA.152 (bhūmiyaṃ).pp.<i>nipātita</i> corrupt,evil,wicked Vin.II,182 (caṇḍa+; text nippātita,v.l.nipphātita).(Page 360),8,1
  7573. 306416,en,15,nipatin,nipātin,Nipātin,Nipātin,(adj.) [to nipatati] 1.falling or flying down,chancing upon Dh.35,36 (yatthakāma° cittaṃ=yattha yattha icchati tattha tatth’eva nipatati DhA.I,295).‹-› 2.going to bed D.I,60 (pacchā° going to bed late).‹-› Cp.abhi°.(Page 360),7,1
  7574. 306484,en,15,nippabha,nippabha,Nippabha,Nippabha,(adj.) [nis+prabhā] without splendour J.II,415; Miln.102.(Page 360),8,1
  7575. 306516,en,15,nippada,nippadā,Nippadā,Nippadā,(?) at S.I,225 read nipphādā (q.v.).(Page 360),7,1
  7576. 306522,en,15,nippadesa,nippadesa,Nippadesa,Nippadesa,[Sk.*niṣpradesa,nis+padesa] only in Instr. &#38; Abl.=separately DhsA.2,30,37,297.(Page 360),9,1
  7577. 306552,en,15,nippadeti,nippādeti,Nippādeti,Nippādeti,see nipphādeti.(Page 360),9,1
  7578. 306571,en,15,nippajjati,nippajjati,Nippajjati,Nippajjati, &#38; Nipphajjati [Sk.niṣpadyate,nis+pajjati] to be produced,be accomplished,spring forth,ripen,result,happen DhA.II,4 (pph); PvA.19 (=upakappati),71 (phalaṃ ijjhati n.),120 (id.).pp.<i>nipphanna</i>.See also nipphādeti &#38; nipphatti etc.; cp.also abhi°.(Page 360),10,1
  7579. 306578,en,15,nippakara,nippakāra,Nippakāra,Nippakāra,(adj.) [nis+pakāra 2] of no flavour,tasteless,useless J.I,340.(Page 360),9,1
  7580. 306590,en,15,nippakka,nippakka,Nippakka,Nippakka,(adj.) [nis+pakka] boiled,infused Vin.I,200.(Page 360),8,1
  7581. 306601,en,15,nippalapa,nippalāpa,Nippalāpa,Nippalāpa,(adj.) [nis+palāpa] free from prattle or talk,not talking A.II,183 (apalāpa+; v.l.°palāsa).(Page 360),9,1
  7582. 306609,en,15,nippalibodha,nippalibodha,Nippalibodha,Nippalibodha,(adj.) [nis+palibodha] without hindrances,unobstructed Miln.11.(Page 360),12,1
  7583. 306619,en,15,nippanna,nippañña,Nippañña,Nippañña,(adj.) [nis+pañña] unwise,foolish PvA.40,41 (=dummati).(Page 360),8,1
  7584. 306625,en,15,nippanna,nippanna,Nippanna,Nippanna,see nipanna &#38; nipphanna.(Page 360),8,1
  7585. 306637,en,15,nippapa,nippāpa,Nippāpa,Nippāpa,(adj.) [nis+pāpa] free from sin Sn.257=Dh.205.(Page 360),7,1
  7586. 306649,en,15,nippapanca,nippapañca,Nippapañca,Nippapañca,(adj.) [nis+papañca] free from diffuseness S.IV,370; Dh.254 (Tathāgata); <i>°ārāma</i> not fond of delay M.I,65 (Neumann trsl.I.119:“dem keine Sonderheit behagt”); A.III,431; IV,229 sq.; Miln.262.(Page 360),10,1
  7587. 306702,en,15,nippariyaya,nippariyāya,Nippariyāya,Nippariyāya,[nis+pariyāya] 1.without distinction or difference,absence of explanation or demonstration DhsA.317 (°ena not figuratively),403 (°desanā); VvA.320.-- 2.unchangeable,not to be turned Miln.113,123,212.(Page 360),11,1
  7588. 306758,en,15,nippatati,nippatati,Nippatati,Nippatati, &#38; Nipphatati [nis+patati] to fall out; rush out,come forth,go out from (c.Abl.) Vin.II,151 (nipphaṭati,v.l.nippaṭati); J.V,467 (=nikkhamati Com.; or is it nipatati?).-- ger.<i>nippacca</i> (cp.BSk.nirpatya AvŚ I.209).(Page 360),9,1
  7589. 306787,en,15,nippatta,nippatta,Nippatta,Nippatta,(adj.) [nis+patta] 1.without wings,plucked (of a bird) Vin.IV,259.-- 2.without leaves J.III,496 (=patita-patta); SnA 117 (°puppha).-- Note nippatta at Dhs.1035 is to be read as <i>nibbatta</i>.(Page 360),8,1
  7590. 306794,en,15,nippatti,nippatti,Nippatti,Nippatti,see <i>nipphatti</i>.(Page 360),8,1
  7591. 306821,en,15,nippesika,nippesika,Nippesika,Nippesika,[cp.Sk.niṣpeṣa clashing against,bounce,shock,niṣ+<i>piṣ</i>] one who performs jugglery,a juggler D.I,8 (=nippeso sīlaṃ etesan ti DA.I,91); A.III,111.(Page 361),9,1
  7592. 306826,en,15,nippesikata,nippesikatā,Nippesikatā,Nippesikatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.prec.] jugglery,trickery (cp.Kern,Toev.p.176) Vbh.353 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.29); Miln.383.(Page 361),11,1
  7593. 306839,en,15,nipphadaka,nipphādaka,Nipphādaka,Nipphādaka,(adj.) [fr.nipphādeti] producing,accomplishing DhsA.47; PvA.147 (sukha --°ṃ puññaṃ).(Page 361),10,1
  7594. 306855,en,15,nipphadana,nipphādana,Nipphādana,Nipphādana,(nt.) [Sk.niṣpādana,to nipphādeti] accomplishment Miln.356; DA.I,195.(Page 361),10,1
  7595. 306876,en,15,nipphadar,nipphādar,Nipphādar,Nipphādar,[n.ag.=Sk.niṣpādayitṛ cp.nipphāditar] one who produces or gains S.I,225 (atthassa; read nipphādā,Nom.for nippadā).(Page 361),9,1
  7596. 306916,en,15,nipphadeti,nipphādeti,Nipphādeti,Nipphādeti,[Caus.of nippajjati] to bring forth,produce; accomplish,perform J.I,185 (lābhasakkāraṃ); V,81; Miln.299; VvA.32,72 (grd.nipphādetabba,n.of ablative case); Sdhp.319,426.-- pp.<i>nipphādita</i>.Cp.abhinipphādeti.(Page 361),10,1
  7597. 306943,en,15,nipphadita,nipphādita,Nipphādita,Nipphādita,[pp.of nipphādeti] (having) produced,producing (perhaps=nipphāditar) VvA.113.(Page 361),10,1
  7598. 306955,en,15,nipphaditar,nipphāditar,Nipphāditar,Nipphāditar,[n.ag.to nipphādeti,cp.nipphādar] one who produces or accomplishes PvA.8 (read “so nipphāditā” for sā nipphādikā).Cp.<i>nipphādita</i> and <i>nipphādaka</i>.(Page 361),11,1
  7599. 306976,en,15,nipphajjana,nipphajjana,Nipphajjana,Nipphajjana,(nt.) (or °nā f.?) [n.abstr.fr.nipp(h)ajjati] resulting,procedure,achievement,plot J.IV,83.(Page 361),11,1
  7600. 306995,en,15,nipphajjati,nipphajjati,Nipphajjati,Nipphajjati,see nippajjati.(Page 361),11,1
  7601. 307015,en,15,nipphala,nipphala,Nipphala,Nipphala,(adj.) [nis+phala] without fruit,barren in <i>a°</i> not without fruit,i.e.amply rewarded (dāyaka,the giver of good gifts) Pv.I,4<sup>2</sup>; 5<sup>5</sup>,PvA.194; Sdhp.504.(Page 361),8,1
  7602. 307039,en,15,nipphalita,nipphalita,Nipphalita,Nipphalita,(adj.) [Sk.niṣphārita,pp.of nipphaleti,nis+ phaleti] broken out,split open J.I,493 (lasī=nikkhantā Com.; v.l.nipphaḷita).(Page 361),10,1
  7603. 307050,en,15,nipphanitatta,nipphāṇitatta,Nipphāṇitatta,Nipphāṇitatta,(nt.) [nis+phāṇita+tva] state of being free from sugar or molasses J.III,409.(Page 361),13,1
  7604. 307056,en,15,nipphanna,nipphanna,Nipphanna,Nipphanna,(adj.) [pp.of nippajjati] accomplished,perfected,trained S.I,215 (°sobhin,spelt nippanna); J.IV,39 (°sippa master of the art,M.A.); DhA.III,285 (sasse); DhsA.316; in phil.determined,conditioned Kvu XI.7; XXIII,5; Vism.450; Pts.of Controversy,395.Cp.abhi°,pari°.See also Cpd.156,157.(Page 361),9,1
  7605. 307122,en,15,nipphatti,nipphatti,Nipphatti,Nipphatti,(f.) [cp.Sk.niṣpatti] result,accomplishment,effect,end,completion,perfection J.I,56,335 (of dreams),343,456; IV,137 (sippe); VI,36; VvA.138 (sippa°); DhA.II,6 (import,meaning,of a vision); DhsA.354; PvA.122,282 (sippe); Nett 54.Cp.abhi°.(Page 361),9,1
  7606. 307140,en,15,nipphattika,nipphattika,Nipphattika,Nipphattika,(adj.) [fr.nipphatti] having a result J.III,166 (evaṃ° of such consequence).(Page 361),11,1
  7607. 307169,en,15,nipphotana,nipphoṭana,Nipphoṭana,Nipphoṭana,(nt.) [nis+pothanā] beating S.IV,300 (v.l.ṭh.).Cp.nippothana.(Page 361),10,1
  7608. 307184,en,15,nipphoteti,nipphoṭeti,Nipphoṭeti,Nipphoṭeti,[nis+potheti] to beat down,smother,crush S.I,101,102.(Page 361),10,1
  7609. 307200,en,15,nippilana,nippīḷana,Nippīḷana,Nippīḷana,(nt.) [nis+pīḷana] squeezing,pressing; a blow J.III,160.Cp.abhinippīḷanā.(Page 361),9,1
  7610. 307224,en,15,nippileti,nippīḷeti,Nippīḷeti,Nippīḷeti,[nis+pīḷeti] to squeeze,press,clench,urge J.I,63,223.Pass.<i>nippīḷiyati</i>,only in ppr.<i>nippīḷiyamāna</i> being urged Vin.II,303; VvA.138; PvA.31,192.Cp.abhi°.(Page 361),9,1
  7611. 307257,en,15,nippipasa,nippipāsa,Nippipāsa,Nippipāsa,(adj.) [nis+pipāsā] without thirst or desire Sn.56; Nd<sup>2</sup> 351.(Page 360),9,1
  7612. 307266,en,15,nippitika,nippitika,Nippitika,Nippitika,(adj.) [Sk.*niṣpaitṛka=fatherless or *niṣprītika?] a bastard J.I,133 (v.l.nippītika q.v.).(Page 360),9,1
  7613. 307274,en,15,nippitika,nippītika,Nippītika,Nippītika,(adj.) [nis+pīti+ka] 1.free from (feelings of) enjoyment (characteristic of 3rd jhāna,q.v.) D.I,75; A.I,81.-- 2.being unloved,a foster child etc.(?) see nippitika.(Page 360),9,1
  7614. 307298,en,15,nippothana,nippothana,Nippothana,Nippothana,(nt.) [nis+pothana of <em>puth</em> to crush] crushing,beating,destroying SnA 390.(Page 361),10,1
  7615. 307323,en,15,nippurisa,nippurisa,Nippurisa,Nippurisa,(adj.) [nis+purisa] 1.without men PvA.177.‹-› 2.without men,executed by females (female devas) only (of turiyā=a female orchestra) Vin.I,15; D.II,21; J.V,506.Cp.M Vastu III,165 (niṣpuruṣena nāṭakena) &#38; AvŚ I.321 (niṣpuruṣena tūryeṇa; see also note in Index p.229),whereas Divy 3 (see Index) has niṣparuṣa (soft),with v.l.niṣpuruṣa.(Page 361),9,1
  7616. 307337,en,15,nipuna,nipuṇa,Nipuṇa,Nipuṇa,(adj.) [Sk.nipuṇa,dial.for nipṛṇa,to pṛṇoti,<i>pṛ</i>] clever,skilful,accomplished; fine,subtle,abstruse D.I,26≈(n.gambhīra dhamma),162 (paṇḍita+); M.I,487 (dhamma); S.I,33; IV,369; A.III,78; Sn.1126 (=gambhīra duddasa etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 350); Vbh.426; Miln.233,276; DA.I,117; VvA.73 (ariyasaccesu kusala+),232; PvA.1,16.Cp.abhinipuṇa.(Page 360),6,1
  7617. 307419,en,15,nirabbuda,nirabbuda,Nirabbuda,Nirabbuda,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [nis+abbuda<sup>2</sup>] free from boils or tumours,healthy (also fig.) Vin.III,18 (of the Saṅgha).(Page 369),9,1
  7618. 307420,en,15,nirabbuda,nirabbuda,Nirabbuda,Nirabbuda,<sup>1</sup> (m.nt.) [cp.BSk.nirarbuda &#38; abbuda 3] a vast number; also N.of a hell S.I,149=A.II,3=V.171 (expl<sup>d</sup> at 173 as “seyyathā pi vīsati abbudā nirayā evam eko nirabbudo nirayo”); J.III,360 (Com.:vīsati abbudāni ekaṃ nirabbudaṃ).(Page 369),9,1
  7619. 307459,en,15,niradinava,nirādīnava,Nirādīnava,Nirādīnava,(adj.) [nis+ādīnava] not beset with dangers,not in danger,unimperilled Vin.III,19.(Page 370),10,1
  7620. 307476,en,15,niraggala,niraggala,Niraggala,Niraggala,(niraggaḷa) (adj.) [nis+aggala] unobstructed,free,rich in result S.I,76=It.21; A.II,43; IV,151; M.I,139; Sn.303; Nd<sup>2</sup> 284 C<sup>a</sup>; Vv 64<sup>31</sup> (=VvA.285).(Page 369),9,1
  7621. 307486,en,15,niraggika,niraggika,Niraggika,Niraggika,(adj.) [nis+aggi+ka] without fire Miln.324 (°okāsa).(Page 369),9,1
  7622. 307502,en,15,nirahara,nirāhāra,Nirāhāra,Nirāhāra,(adj.) [nis+āhāra] without food,not eating,fasting J.IV,225; Sdhp.389.(Page 370),8,1
  7623. 307509,en,15,niraja,nīraja,Nīraja,Nīraja,(adj.) [Sk.nīraja,nis+raja] free from passion Sdhp.370.(Page 375),6,1
  7624. 307520,en,15,nirajjati,nirajjati,Nirajjati,Nirajjati,[Pass.of nirajati,nis+ajati,Vedic nirajati to drive out cattle] to be thrown out,to be expelled,to lose (with Abl.) J.VI,502,503 (raṭṭhā); v.l.BB nirajhati; Com.ni(g)gacchati; Th.2,93 (aor.nirajji ‘haṃ=na jānim ahaṃ ThA,90.Kern (wrongly) proposes reading virajjhi).(Page 369),9,1
  7625. 307539,en,15,nirakaroti,nirākaroti,Nirākaroti,Nirākaroti,see <i>niraṅkaroti</i>.(Page 370),10,1
  7626. 307559,en,15,nirakula,nirākula,Nirākula,Nirākula,(adj.) [nis+ākula] unconfused,clear,calm,undisturbed J.I,17 (v.94).(Page 370),8,1
  7627. 307570,en,15,niralamba,nirālamba,Nirālamba,Nirālamba,(adj.) [nis+ālamba] unsupported Miln.295 (ākāsa).(Page 370),9,1
  7628. 307586,en,15,niralaya,nirālaya,Nirālaya,Nirālaya,(adj.) [nis+ālaya] houseless,homeless Miln.244 (=aniketa).At DhA.IV,31 as expl<sup>n</sup> of appossukka.‹-› f.abstr.<i>nirālayatā</i> homelessness Miln.162,276,420.(Page 370),8,1
  7629. 307594,en,15,nirama,nirāma,Nirāma,Nirāma,(adj.) [nis+āma,cp.nirāmaya] healthy,undepraved,without sin,virtuous Sn.251,252 (°gandha= nikkilesayoga SnA 293),717 (id.=nikkilesa SnA 499).(Page 370),6,1
  7630. 307606,en,15,niramaya,nirāmaya,Nirāmaya,Nirāmaya,(adj.) [nis+āmaya] not ill,healthy,good,without fault PvA.164.(Page 370),8,1
  7631. 307621,en,15,niramisa,nirāmisa,Nirāmisa,Nirāmisa,(adj.) [nis+āmisa] having no meat or prey; free from sensual desires,disinterested,not material S.I,35,60; IV,219,235; V,68,332; A.III,412; D.III,278; Vbh.195; Vism.71; Sdhp.475,477.(Page 370),8,1
  7632. 307672,en,15,nirankaroti,niraṅkaroti,Niraṅkaroti,Niraṅkaroti,( &#38; nirākaroti) [Sk.nirākaroti,nis+ā <em>kṛ</em>] to think little of,despise,neglect,disregard,repudiate; throw away,ruin,destroy Th.1,478; It.83 (nirākare); J.III,280=V.498; IV,302; Pv III,9<sup>6</sup> (=chaḍḍeti pajahati PvA.211); VvA.109.-- pp.<i>(a)nirākata</i> It.39.(Page 369),11,1
  7633. 307695,en,15,nirantara,nirantara,Nirantara,Nirantara,(adj.) [nis+antara] having no interval,continuous,uninterrupted PvA.135.Usually in nt.as adv.nirantaraṃ always,incessantly,constantly; immediately,at once DhsA.168; PvA.52,80,107,110 (=satataṃ),120; DhA.I,13.(Page 369),9,1
  7634. 307814,en,15,niraparadha,niraparādha,Niraparādha,Niraparādha,(adj.) [nis+aparādha] without offence,guiltless,innocent J.I,264.(Page 369),11,1
  7635. 307840,en,15,nirapekkha,nirapekkha,Nirapekkha,Nirapekkha,(adj.) [nis+apa+<em>īkṣ</em>] not heeding,unsuspecting,disregarding,indifferent,reckless VvA.27,47 (jīvitaṃ); PvA.62; DA.I,177; Miln.343 (jīvitaṃ).(Page 369),10,1
  7636. 307874,en,15,nirarambha,nirārambha,Nirārambha,Nirārambha,(adj.) [nis+ārambha] without objects (for the purpose of sacrificing),i.e.without the killing of animals (of yañña) S.I,76; A.II,42 sq.(Page 370),10,1
  7637. 307889,en,15,nirasa,nirāsa,Nirāsa,Nirāsa,(adj.) [nis+āsā] not hungry,not longing for anything,desireless S.I,12,23,141; A.I,107 sq.; Sn.1048 (anigha+),1078 (id.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 360; Pug.27; Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup> (=nittaṇha PvA.230).See also amama.(Page 370),6,1
  7638. 307898,en,15,nirasa,nīrasa,Nīrasa,Nīrasa,(adj.) [Sk.nīrasa,nis+rasa] sapless,dried up,withered,tasteless,insipid J.III,111.(Page 375),6,1
  7639. 307906,en,15,nirasada,nirāsāda,Nirāsāda,Nirāsāda,(adj.) [nis+assāda] tasteless,yielding no enjoyment Th.1,710.Cp.nirassāda.(Page 370),8,1
  7640. 307915,en,15,nirasamsa,nirāsaṃsa,Nirāsaṃsa,Nirāsaṃsa,(adj.) [nis+āsaṃsa,<em>śaṃs</em>] without wishes,expectations or desires,desireless Sn.1090 (Nd<sup>2</sup> reading for nirāsaya); Nd<sup>2</sup> 361 (cp.DhA.IV,185 nirāsāsa= *nirāsaṃsa,v.l.for nirāsaya).(Page 370),9,1
  7641. 307920,en,15,nirasana,nirasana,Nirasana,Nirasana,(adj.) [nis+asana<sup>2</sup>] without food or subsistence,poor J.IV,128.(Page 370),8,1
  7642. 307933,en,15,nirasanka,nirāsaṅka,Nirāsaṅka,Nirāsaṅka,(adj.) [nis+āsaṅkā] without apprehension,unsuspicious,not doubting J.I,264; Vism.180.(Page 370),9,1
  7643. 307950,en,15,nirasankata,nirāsaṅkatā,Nirāsaṅkatā,Nirāsaṅkatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.nirāsaṅka] the not hesitating J.VI,337.(Page 370),11,1
  7644. 307968,en,15,nirasattin,nirāsattin,Nirāsattin,Nirāsattin,(adj.) [adj.to pp.āsatta<sup>1</sup> with nis] not hanging on to,not clinging or attached to (c.Loc.) Sn.851 (=nittaṇha SnA 549); Nd<sup>1</sup> 221.(Page 370),10,1
  7645. 307970,en,15,nirasava,nirāsava,Nirāsava,Nirāsava,(adj.) [nis+āsava] without intoxication,undefiled,sinless ThA.148.(Page 370),8,1
  7646. 307976,en,15,nirasaya,nirāsaya,Nirāsaya,Nirāsaya,(adj.) [nis+āsaya,fr.<em>śri</em>] without (outward) support,not relying on (outward) things,without (sinful) inclinations Sn.56 (:Nd<sup>2</sup> 360 b reads nirāsasa),369,634,1090 (Nd<sup>2</sup> 361 reads nirāsaṃsa); Dh.410; DhA.IV,185 (v.l.BB nirāsāsa; expl<sup>d</sup> by nittaṇha).(Page 370),8,1
  7647. 307988,en,15,nirassada,nirassāda,Nirassāda,Nirassāda,(adj.) [nis+assāda] without taste,insipid,dull Vism.135.Cp.nirāsāda.(Page 370),9,1
  7648. 308020,en,15,nirassati,nirassati,Nirassati,Nirassati,[cp.Sk.nirasyati,nis+assati,<i>as</i> to throw] to throw off,despise,neglect Sn.785,954; Nd<sup>1</sup> 76 (so read for nidassati,v.l.SS nir°),444; SnA 522.-- pp.<i>niratta<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 370),9,1
  7649. 308033,en,15,nirata,nirata,Nirata,Nirata,(adj.) [pp.of niramati] fond of,attached to (-°) S.I,133; DA.I,250; PvA.5 (duccarita°),89,161 (hitakaraṇa°).(Page 369),6,1
  7650. 308043,en,15,niratanka,nirātaṅka,Nirātaṅka,Nirātaṅka,(adj.) [nis+ātaṅka] healthy Miln.251 (of paddy).(Page 370),9,1
  7651. 308070,en,15,niratta,niratta,Niratta,Niratta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Sk.nirasta,pp.of nirasyati,see nirassati] rejected,thrown off,given up Sn.1098; Nd<sup>2</sup> 359.‹-› Note.At Sn.787,858,919 the interpretation of Nd<sup>1</sup> 82= 248=352 and also Bdhgh assume a cpd.of nis+attan (=nirātman):see niratta<sup>1</sup>.(Page 369),7,1
  7652. 308071,en,15,niratta,niratta,Niratta,Niratta,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-nt.) [Sk.*nirātman,nis+attan] soulless; view of soullessness or unsubstantiality; thus interpreted (in preference to niratta<sup>2</sup>) by Com.on Sn.787,858,919.See foll.(Page 369),7,1
  7653. 308080,en,15,nirattha,nirattha,Nirattha,Nirattha,(adj.) [nis+attha] useless,groundless,unproficient,vain (opp.sāttha profitable) Sn.582 (nt.as adv.),585 (niratthā paridevanā); Dh.41; J.III,26; PvA.18 (°bhāva uselessness),83 (=duḥ).(Page 369),8,1
  7654. 308087,en,15,niratthaka,niratthaka,Niratthaka,Niratthaka,(adj.)=nirattha; VvA.324; PvA.18,40,63,102 etc.-- f.<i>°ikā</i> ThA.258; Miln.20; Sdhp.68.(Page 369),10,1
  7655. 308151,en,15,nirava,nīrava,Nīrava,Nīrava,(adj.) [Sk.nīrava,nis+rava] soundless,noiseless,silent DA.I,153 (tuṇhī+).(Page 375),6,1
  7656. 308189,en,15,niravasesa,niravasesa,Niravasesa,Niravasesa,(adj.) [nis+avasesa] without remainder,complete,inclusive Nett 14,15,cp.Miln.91,182.(Page 370),10,1
  7657. 308312,en,15,niraya,niraya,Niraya,Niraya,[BSk.niraya,nis+aya of <i>i</i>=to go asunder,to go to destruction,to die,cp.in meaning Vedic nirṛti.The popular etym.given by Dhammapāla at PvA.53 is “n’atthi ettha ayo sukhan ti”=there is no good; that given by Bdhgh at Vism.427 “n’atthi ettha assādasaññito ayo” (no refreshment)] purgatory,hell,a place of punishment &#38; torture,where sin is atoned (i.e.kamma ripens=paccati,is literally boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to &#38; partly identical with those of Hades &#38; Tartarus.There are a great number of hells,of which the most fearful is the <i>Avīcimahāniraya</i> (see Avīci).Names of other purgatories occur frequently in the Jātaka collection,e.g.Kākola VI,247; Khuradhāra V,269 sq.; Dhūma-roruva V,271; Patāpana V,266,271,453; Paduma IV.245; Roruva III,299; V,266; VI,237; Saṅghāta V,266; Sañjīva ibid.; Sataporisa V,269; Sattisūla V,143.As the principal one n.is often mentioned with the other apāyas (states of suffering),viz.tiracchānayoni (animal world) &#38; pittivisaya (the manes),e.g.at Nd<sup>1</sup> 489; Nd<sup>2</sup> 517,550; Pv IV.11; ThA.282; PvA.27 sq.(see apāya).-- There is a great variety of qualifying adjectives connected with niraya,all of which abound in notions of fearful pain,awful misery &#38; continuous suffering,e.g.kaṭuka,ghora,dāruṇa,bhayānaka,mahābhitāpa,sattussada etc.-- Descriptions of N.in glowing terms of frightfulness are freq.found from the earliest books down to the late Peta-Vatthu,Pañcagati-dīpana &#38; Saddhammopāyana.Of these the foll.may be quoted as characteristic:S.I,152 (10 nirayas); M.III,183; A.I,141; Sn.p.126=A.V,173; Nd<sup>1</sup> 404 sq.=Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>III,c</sup>; J.IV,4 (Mittavindaka); Vv 52 (Revatī); Pv.I,10; III,10; IV,1; 7; DhA.I,148.-- See on the whole subject,esp.L.Scherman,Materialen zur indischen Visionsliteratur,Leipzig 1792; &#38; W.Stede,Die Gespenstergeschichten des Peta Vatthu,Leipzig 1914,pp.33--39.-- References:Vin.I,227 (apāya duggati vinipāta niraya); D.I,82,107 (id.); Vin.II,198 (yo kho saṅghaṃ bhindati kappaṃ nirayamhi paccati),204; II,203=It.86; D.I,228 (+tiracchānayoni),54 (read nirayasate for niriyasate); III,111; S.IV,126; V,356,450; M.I,73,285,308,334; II,86,149,186; III,166,203,209; A.IV,405; V,76,182,184; Sn.248 (patanti sattā nirayaṃ avaṃsirā),333,660 sq.,677 sq.; Dh.126,140,306,311,315; Th.1,304 (adhammo nirayaṃ neti dhammo pāpeti suggatiṃ)=DhsA.38=DA.I,99 =DhA.I,22; Th.2,456; It.12; J.IV,463; Pug.60; Ps.I,83 (Avīci°); Vbh.86,337; Vism.102; Miln.148; DhA.I,22; III,71; Sdhp.7,285.-- See also <i>nerayika</i>.<br><br> <i>--gāmin</i> (adj.) leading to purgatory (magga) Sn.277; <i>--dukkha</i> the pain of H.Sn.531; <i>--pāla</i> a guardian of P.,a devil A.I,138,141; M.III,179; Nd<sup>1</sup> 404; VvA.226.Names of guardians (after their complexion) e.g.Kāḷa (black) &#38; Upakāḷa (blackish) J.VI,248.<i>--bhaya</i> the fear of P.J.I,168; Vism.392; <i>--saṃvattanika</i> conducive to P.Nd<sup>1</sup> 489.(Page 369),6,1
  7658. 308485,en,15,nirindhana,nirindhana,Nirindhana,Nirindhana,(adj.) [nis+indhana] without fuel (of fire),ThA.148 (aggi); DhA.I,44 (jātaveda). <i>Nirīha(ka)</i> (adj.) [nis+īha] inactive,motionless,without impulse ThA.148 (°ka); Miln.413 (+nijjīvata); Vism.484,594 sq.(Page 370),10,1
  7659. 308492,en,15,nirinjana,niriñjana,Niriñjana,Niriñjana,(adj.) [nis+iñjanā,fr.iñjati] not moving,stable,unshaken Vism.377 (=acala,āneñja).(Page 370),9,1
  7660. 308505,en,15,nirodha,nirodha,Nirodha,Nirodha,[BSk.nirodha,to nirundhati,cp.nirujjhati &#38; niruddha] oppression,suppression; destruction,cessation,annihilation (of senses,consciousness,feeling &#38; being in general:saṅkhārā).Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> of the word is:“ni-saddo abhāvaṃ,rodha-saddo ca cārakaṃ dīpeti Vism.495.-- N.in many cases is synonymous with nibbāna &#38; parinibbāna; it may be said to be even a stronger expression as far as the active destruction of the causes of life is concerned.Therefore frequently comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>nibbāna</i> in formula “sabbasaṅkhāra-samatho ...virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ,” e.g.S.I,136; It.88.Nd<sup>2</sup> s.nibbāna (see nibbāna III,6).Also in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>nibbidā</i>,e.g.S.III,48,223; III,163 sq.; V,438.-- The opposite of nirodha is <i>samudaya</i>,cp.formula “yaṃ kiñci samudaya-dhammaṃ sabban taṃ nirodha-dhammaṃ” e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> under saṅkhārā &#38; passim.(a) Vin.I,1,10; D.II,33,41,57 sq.,112; III,130 sq.,136 sq.,226 sq.; J.I,133; II,9 sq.,223; III,59 sq.,163; V,438; M.I,140,263,410; A.I,299; IV,456 (=āsavānaṃ parikkhaya); Th.2,6 (=kilesanirodha ThA.13),158; It.46=Sn.755 (nirodhe ye vimuccanti te janā maccuhāyino); It.62=Sn.754; Sn.731,1037; Ps.I,192; II,44 sq.,221; Pug.68; Vbh.99 sq.,229; Nett 14,16 sq.; Vism.372; VvA.63; PvA.220 (jīvitassa).-- (b) (as-°):anupubba° D.III,266; A.IV,409,456; abhisaññā° D.I,180; asesavirāga° S.II,4,12; IV,86; V,421 sq.; A.I,177; II,158,161; upādāna° S.III,14; kāma° A.III,410 sq.; jāti° S.IV,86; taṇhā° D.III,216; dukkha° D.III,136; S.III,32,60; IV,4 sq.,14,384; A.I,177; nandi° S.III,14; IV,36; bhava° (=nibbāna) S.II,117; III,14; A.V,9; Ps.I,159; sakkāya° D.III,240; S.V,410; A.II,165 sq.; III,246,325 sq.; V,238 sq.; saññāvedayita° D.III,262,266; S.IV,217,293 sq.; V,213 sq.; A.I,41; III,192; IV,306; V,209.<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> subject to destruction,able to be destroyed,destructible (usually in formula of samudaya-dhamma,see above) Vin.I,11; D.I,110; S.IV,47,107,214; M.III,280; A.V,143 sq.; <i>--dhammatā</i> liability to destruction S.IV,217; <i>--dhātu</i> the element or condition of annihilation,one of the 3 dhātus,viz.rūpa,arūpa° n°.D.III,215; It.45; Nett 97; <i>--saññā</i> perception or consciousness of annihilation D.III,251 sq.,283; A.III,334; <i>--samāpatti</i> attainment of annihilation Ps.I,97,100; Miln.300; Vism.702.(Page 371),7,1
  7661. 308808,en,15,nirodheti,nirodheti,Nirodheti,Nirodheti,[denom.fr.nirodha] to oppress,destroy Vism.288 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of passambheti).(Page 371),9,1
  7662. 308827,en,15,nirodhika,nirodhika,Nirodhika,Nirodhika,(adj.) [fr.nirodha] obstructing,destroying It.82 (paññā°),cp.M.I,115.(Page 371),9,1
  7663. 308863,en,15,niroga,niroga,Niroga,Niroga,see <i>nīroga</i>.(Page 371),6,1
  7664. 308869,en,15,niroga,nīroga,Nīroga,Nīroga,(adj.) [Sk.nīroga,nis+roga] free from disease,healthy,well,unhurt J.I,421; III,26; IV,31; PvA.198 (ni°).Cp.<i>nīruja</i>.(Page 376),6,1
  7665. 308881,en,15,niroja,niroja,Niroja,Niroja,(adj.) [nis+oja] tasteless,insipid J.II,304; III,94; VI,561.(Page 371),6,1
  7666. 308912,en,15,nirudaka,nirudaka,Nirudaka,Nirudaka,(adj.) [nis+udaka] without water,waterless M.I,543; Nd<sup>2</sup> 630.(Page 370),8,1
  7667. 308946,en,15,niruddha,niruddha,Niruddha,Niruddha,(pp.) [pp.of nirundhati,cp.nirujjhati] expelled,destroyed; vanished,ceased S.III,112; Dhs.1038.(Page 370),8,1
  7668. 308986,en,15,niruja,nīruja,Nīruja,Nīruja,(adj.) [Sk.nīruja,nis+rujā]=nīroga Sdhp.496.(Page 376),6,1
  7669. 309045,en,15,nirujjhati,nirujjhati,Nirujjhati,Nirujjhati,[Pass.of nirundhati (nirodhati) ni+rundhati] to be broken up,to be dissolved,to be destroyed,to cease,die Vin.I,1; D.I,180 sq.,215; II,157; S.III,93 (aparisesaṃ); IV,36 sq.,60,98,184 sq.; 294,402; V,213 sq.; A.III,165 sq.(aparisesaṃ); V,139 sq.; J.I,180; Pug.64; Sdhp.606.-- pp.<i>niruddha</i>.Cp.nirodha.(Page 370),10,1
  7670. 309082,en,15,nirulha,niruḷha,Niruḷha,Niruḷha,(adj.) [cp.Sk.nirūḍha,pp.of niruhati] grown,risen; usual,customary,common VvA.108.(Page 371),7,1
  7671. 309089,en,15,nirumbhati,nirumbhati,Nirumbhati,Nirumbhati,[Sk.? Trenckner,Notes p.59 ni+<i>rudh</i> (?)] to suppress,hush,silence J.I,62 (text nirumhitvā,v.l.SS nirumbhitvā,cp.san-nirumhitvā VvA.217).(Page 371),10,1
  7672. 309097,en,15,nirundhati,nirundhati,Nirundhati,Nirundhati,see nirujjhati,niruddha,nirodha &#38; nirodheti.Cp.parirundhati.(Page 370),10,1
  7673. 309123,en,15,nirupaddava,nirupaddava,Nirupaddava,Nirupaddava,(adj.) [nis+upaddava] without affliction or mishap,harmless,secure,happy J.IV,139; PvA.262 (sotthi).(Page 370),11,1
  7674. 309135,en,15,nirupadhi,nirupadhi,Nirupadhi,Nirupadhi,(adj.) (in verse always <i>nirūpadhi</i>) [nis+upadhi,cp.upadhīka] free from passions or attachment,desireless,controlled Vin.II,156; S.I,194 (vippamutta+); IV.158; A.I,80,138 (sītibhūta+); Dh.418 (id.); Th.1,1250; 2,320 (vippamutta+; expl<sup>d</sup> by niddukkha ThA.233); It.46,50,58,62; Sn.33,34,642 (sītibhūta+); Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup>; DhA.IV,225 (=nirupakkilesa); PvA.230.(Page 370),9,1
  7675. 309160,en,15,nirupaghata,nirupaghāta,Nirupaghāta,Nirupaghāta,(adj.) [nis+upaghāta] not hurt,not injured or set back Miln.130.(Page 370),11,1
  7676. 309168,en,15,nirupakara,nirupakāra,Nirupakāra,Nirupakāra,(adj.) [nis+upakāra] useless J.II,103.(Page 370),10,1
  7677. 309192,en,15,nirupama,nirupama,Nirupama,Nirupama,(adj.) [nis+upama] without comparison,incomparable SnA 455 (=atitula).(Page 371),8,1
  7678. 309214,en,15,nirupatapa,nirupatāpa,Nirupatāpa,Nirupatāpa,(adj.) [nis+upatāpa] not harassed (burnt) or afflicted (by pain or harm) Th.2,512.(Page 370),10,1
  7679. 309260,en,15,nirussasa,nirussāsa,Nirussāsa,Nirussāsa,(adj.) [cp.Sk.nirucchvāsa,nis+ussāsa] breathless J.III,416; IV,121,cp.VI,197; VI,82.(Page 371),9,1
  7680. 309265,en,15,nirussukka,nirussukka,Nirussukka,Nirussukka,(adj.) [nis+ussukka],careless,unconcerned,indifferent to (c.Loc.) ThA.282.(Page 371),10,1
  7681. 309282,en,15,niruttara,niruttara,Niruttara,Niruttara,(adj.) [nis+uttara] making no reply PvA.117.(Page 370),9,1
  7682. 309295,en,15,nirutti,nirutti,Nirutti,Nirutti,(f.) [Sk.nirukti,nis+<em>vac</em>] one of the Vedāṅgas (see chaḷaṅga),expl<sup>n</sup> of words,grammatical analysis,etymological interpretation; pronunciation,dialect,way of speaking,expression Vin.II,139 (pabbajitā ...sakāya niruttiyā Buddhavacanaṃ dūsenti); D.I,202 (loka°,expression); M.III,237 (janapada°); S.III,71 (tayo n-pathā); A.II,160 (°paṭisambhidā); III,201; Dh.352 (°padakovida=niruttiyañ ca sesapadesu cā ti catūsu pi paṭisambhidāsu cheko ti attho DhA.IV,70; i.e.skilled in the dialect or the original language of the holy Scriptures); Ps.I,88 sq.; II,150 (°paṭisambhidā); Nd<sup>2</sup> 563; Dhs.1307; Nett 4,8,33,105; Miln.22; Vism.441; SnA 358; PvA.97.(Page 370),7,1
  7683. 309422,en,15,nisa,nisā,Nisā,Nisā,(f.) [Sk.niś &#38; niśā,prob.with niśītha (midnight) to ni+<em>śi</em>=lying down] night Vv 35<sup>2</sup> (Loc.nise); VvA.161 (Loc.nisati,v.l.nisi=rattiyaṃ); Miln.388 (Loc.nisāya); Dāvs II.6; V,2 (nisāyaṃ).See also nisītha.(Page 373),4,1
  7684. 309433,en,15,nisabha,nisabha,Nisabha,Nisabha,[Sk.nṛ+ṛṣabha,cp.usabha.On relation of usabha:vasabha:nisabha see SnA 40] “bull among men,” i.e.prince,leader; “princeps,” best of men; Ep.of the Buddha S.I,28,48,91; M.I,386; J.V,70; VI,526; Vv 16<sup>7</sup> (isi°),cp.VvA.83 for expl<sup>n</sup>; Vv 63<sup>7</sup> (isi°=ājānīya VvA.262).(Page 373),7,1
  7685. 309459,en,15,nisada,nisada,Nisada,Nisada, &#38; Nisadā (f.) [Sk.dṛṣad f.; for n:d cp.P.nijjuha= Sk.dātyūha etc.] a grindstone,esp.the understone of a millstone Vin.I,201; (°pota id.); Miln.149; Vism.252 (°pota,where KhA at id.p.reads °putta).Cp.ā°.(Page 373),6,1
  7686. 309469,en,15,nisada,nisāda,Nisāda,Nisāda,[cp.Sk.niṣāda,a Non-Aryan or barbarian] a robber J.IV,364.Cp.nesāda.(Page 373),6,1
  7687. 309475,en,15,nisadana,nisādana,Nisādana,Nisādana,[=ni+śātana] grinding DhA.I,308.(Page 373),8,1
  7688. 309509,en,15,nisadika,nisādika,Nisādika,Nisādika,(adj.) [cp.Sk.niṣādin,ni+sad] fit for lying down,suitable for resting Vin.I,239 (go°).(Page 373),8,1
  7689. 309513,en,15,nisadin,nisādin,Nisādin,Nisādin,(adj.) [fr.ni+<em>sad</em>] lying down D.III,44,47.(Page 373),7,1
  7690. 309519,en,15,nisagga,nisagga,Nisagga,Nisagga,( &#38; Nissagga) [ni or nis+<em>sṛj</em>] giving forth,bestowing; natural state,nature S.I,54 (°ss°).Cp.<i>nisaṭṭha</i>.(Page 373),7,1
  7691. 309538,en,15,nisajja,nisajjā,Nisajjā,Nisajjā,(f.) [Sk.*niṣadyā of ni <i>sad</i>] sitting down,opportunity for sitting,seat Pv IV.1<sup>2</sup> (seyyā+); J.I,217; PvA.24 (°ādipaṭikkhepa-ṭṭhāna),219 (pallaṅkâbhujanādi-lakkhaṇā nisajjā).Cp.nesajjika.(Page 373),7,1
  7692. 309612,en,15,nisajjeti,nisajjeti,Nisajjeti,Nisajjeti,[sic MSS.for niss°; Sk.niḥsarjayati,nis+sajjeti,Caus.of <i>sṛj</i>] to spend,bestow,give,give up PvA.105 (dānûpakaraṇā nisajjesi read better as °karaṇǡni sajjesi).See also <i>nissajjati</i>.(Page 373),9,1
  7693. 309633,en,15,nisamaka,nisāmaka,Nisāmaka,Nisāmaka,(adj.) [cp.Sk.niśāmana] observant,listening to,attending to,careful of A.V,166,168 (dhammānaṃ).(Page 373),8,1
  7694. 309682,en,15,nisameti,nisāmeti,Nisāmeti,Nisāmeti,[ni+sāmeti] to attend to,listen to,observe,be careful of,mind J.IV,29 (anisāmetvā by not being careful); V,486; DhA.I,239 (+upadhāneti); PvA.1 (imper.nisāmayatha).Cp.nisanti,nisamma.(Page 373),8,1
  7695. 309700,en,15,nisamma,nisamma,Nisamma,Nisamma,(adv.) [orig.ger.of nisāmeti,Sk.niśamya,<em>śam</em>] carefully,considerately,observing Sn.54; Nd<sup>2</sup> 367= 481 b (=sutvā).Esp.in phrase <i>n</i>.<i>--kārin</i> acting considerately Dh.24 (=DhA.I,238); J.III,106; VI,375; Miln.3; cp.n.kiriyāya Miln.59.Cp.nisanti.(Page 373),7,1
  7696. 309720,en,15,nisana,nisāna,Nisāna,Nisāna,[ni+śā to sharpen,to whet,cp.nisita] a hone on which to sharpen a knife Miln.282.(Page 373),6,1
  7697. 309746,en,15,nisankhiti,nisaṅkhiti,Nisaṅkhiti,Nisaṅkhiti,(f.) [Sk.ni-saṃskṛti,ni+saṃ+<em>kṛ</em>] deposit (of merit or demerit),accumulation,effect (of kamma) Sn.953 (=Nd<sup>1</sup> 442 abhisaṅkhārā).(Page 373),10,1
  7698. 309751,en,15,nisanti,nisanti,Nisanti,Nisanti,(f.) [Sk.*niśānti,ni+<em>śam</em>] careful attention or observation A.II,97; III,201; IV,15 (dhamma°),36 (id.),296; V,166 (dhamma°); Dpvs.I,53 (°kāra).Cp.nisamma &#38; nisāmeti.(Page 373),7,1
  7699. 309761,en,15,nisara,nisāra,Nisāra,Nisāra,(adj.-n.) [ni+sāra] full of sap,excellent,strong (of a tree) Vv 63<sup>1</sup> (=niratisaya sārassa nisiṭṭhasārassa rukkhassa VvA.261).(Page 373),6,1
  7700. 309765,en,15,nisataka,nisātaka,Nisātaka,Nisātaka,in koka° J.VI,538,a certain wild animal; the meaning is not clear,etymologically it is to be derived fr.Sk.niśātayati to strike,to fell.See Kern,Toev.1.p.152,s.v.koka.The v.l.is °nisādaka,evidently influenced by nisāda.(Page 373),8,1
  7701. 309769,en,15,nisattha,nisaṭṭha,Nisaṭṭha,Nisaṭṭha,(pp.) [nis+saṭṭha of <em>sṛj</em>] given up,spent,lost Th.2,484 (v.l.°ss°); ThA.286 (=pariccatta).Cp.nisajjeti &#38; nisagga.(Page 373),8,1
  7702. 309781,en,15,nisedha,nisedha,Nisedha,Nisedha,(adj.-n.) [fr.ni+<em>sedh</em>] holding back,restraining; prevention,prohibition Dh.389; DhA.IV,148; <i>hirī°</i> restrained by shame S.I,168=Sn.462; Dh.143.(Page 374),7,1
  7703. 309791,en,15,nisedhaka,nisedhaka,Nisedhaka,Nisedhaka,(adj.) [fr.nisedha] prohibiting,restraining; one who prohibits,an obstructer J.II,220.(Page 374),9,1
  7704. 309802,en,15,nisedhanata,nisedhanatā,Nisedhanatā,Nisedhanatā,(f.) [abstr.to nisedheti] refusing,refusal,prohibition Miln.180 (a°).(Page 374),11,1
  7705. 309842,en,15,nisedheti,nisedheti,Nisedheti,Nisedheti,[Caus.of ni+<em>sedh</em>] to keep off,restrain,prohibit,prevent S.I,121 (nisedha,imper.); J.III,83,442; ThA.250; VvA.105 (nirayûpapattiṃ).-- Cp.<i>nisedha</i>.(Page 374),9,1
  7706. 309875,en,15,nisevana,nisevana,Nisevana,Nisevana,(nt.also <i>--ā</i> f.) [Sk.niṣevana,cp.nisevati] practising,enjoying; pursuit Pug.20,24; Sdhp.406.(Page 374),8,1
  7707. 309894,en,15,nisevati,nisevati,Nisevati,Nisevati,[ni+<em>sev</em>] to resort to,practise,pursue,follow,indulge in J.II,106; Sn.821 (=Nd<sup>1</sup> 157); Pv.II,3<sup>19</sup> (=karoti PvA.87); Miln.359.-- pp.<i>nisevita</i>.(Page 374),8,1
  7708. 309910,en,15,nisevita,nisevita,Nisevita,Nisevita,(adj.) [pp.of nisevati] frequented,practised,enjoyed,indulged in M.I,178; Sdhp.373.(Page 374),8,1
  7709. 309937,en,15,nisidana,nisīdana,Nisīdana,Nisīdana,(nt.) [Sk.niṣadana,fr.nisīdati] sitting down,occasion or opportunity to sit,a mat to sit on Vin.I,295; II,123 (°ena vippavasati); S.V,259 (°ṃ gaṇhāti).°paccattharaṇa a mat for sitting on Vin.I,47,295; II,209,218.(Page 373),8,1
  7710. 310093,en,15,nisidati,nisīdati,Nisīdati,Nisīdati,[Sk.niṣīdati,ni+sīdati] to sit down,to be seated,to sit,to dwell Nd<sup>2</sup> 433; J.III,392; VI,367; Pv.II,9<sup>3</sup> (nisīdeyya Pot.); PvA.74.aor.nisīdi Vin.I,1; J.II,153; PvA.5,23,44; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.nisīdiṃsu (J.I,307) &#38; nisīdisuṃ (Mhvs VII.40); ger.nisīditvā (J.II,160; PvA.5,74),nisajja D.II,127) and nisīditvāna (Sn.1031); grd.nisīditabba Vin.I,47.pp.nisinna (q.v.).-- Caus.II.nisīdāpeti [cp.Sk.niṣādayati] to cause to sit down,to make one be seated,to invite to a seat J.III,392; VI,367; PvA.17,35 (there āsane); Miln.20.Cp.abhi°,san°.(Page 373),8,1
  7711. 310166,en,15,nisincati,nisiñcati,Nisiñcati,Nisiñcati,[ni+siñcati] to besprinkle Mhvs VII.8.(Page 373),9,1
  7712. 310178,en,15,nisinna,nisinna,Nisinna,Nisinna,(adj.) [Sk.niṣanna,pp.of nisīdati] sitting down,seated J.I,50,255; III,126; KhA 250; PvA.11,16,39 &#38; passim.-- Often comb<sup>d</sup> &#38; contrasted with tiṭṭhaṃ (standing),caraṃ (walking) &#38; sayaṃ (sayāna; lying down),e.g.at Sn.151,193; It.82.(Page 373),7,1
  7713. 310201,en,15,nisinnaka,nisinnaka,Nisinnaka,Nisinnaka,(adj.)=nisinna; M.I,333; J.I,163; DhA.III,175.(Page 373),9,1
  7714. 310289,en,15,nisita,nisita,Nisita,Nisita,(adj.) [Sk.niśita,ni+pp.of śā to whet] sharp M.I,281 (āvudhajāta pīta°?); J.IV,118 (su°); VvA.233; PvA.155,192,213.(Page 373),6,1
  7715. 310324,en,15,nisitha,nisītha,Nisītha,Nisītha,[Sk.niśītha,see nisā] midnight,night Th.1,3 (aggi yathā pajjalito nisīthe; v.l.BB nisive),524 (v.l.nisive); J.IV,432; V,330,331 (v.l.BB nisive),506 (=rattibhāga Com.).(Page 373),7,1
  7716. 310348,en,15,nissadda,nissadda,Nissadda,Nissadda,(adj.) [nis+sadda] noiseless,soundless,silent J.I,17 (V.94); DhA.III,173.(Page 374),8,1
  7717. 310376,en,15,nissaggiya,nissaggiya,Nissaggiya,Nissaggiya,(adj.) [Sk.*niḥsārgya grd.of nis+sajjeti,not= Sk.naisargika] to be given up,what ought to be rejected or abandoned Vin.I,196,254; III,195 sq.(Page 374),10,1
  7718. 310473,en,15,nissajjati,nissajjati,Nissajjati,Nissajjati,[nis+sajjati,<em>sṛj</em>.See also <i>nisajjeti</i>] to let loose,give up,hand over,give,pour out Vin.II,188; ger.<i>nissajja</i> [Sk.niḥsṛjya] Sn.839 (v.l.nisajja); Nd<sup>1</sup> 189 (id.); SnA 545.pp.<i>nisaṭṭha </i>&<i> nissaṭṭha</i> (q.v.).Cp.nissaggiya &#38; paṭi°.(Page 374),10,1
  7719. 310509,en,15,nissakka,nissakka,Nissakka,Nissakka,[fr.nis+sakkati=<em>sakk</em>] “going out from,” ttg.a name of the ablative case J.V,498; VvA.152,154,180,311; PvA.147,221.(Page 374),8,1
  7720. 310516,en,15,nissakkana,nissakkana,Nissakkana,Nissakkana,(nt.) [Sk.*niḥsarpana,nis+<em>sakk</em>,confused with <em>sṛp</em>,see Trenckner,Notes p.60 &#38; cp.apassakkati,o°,pari°] going out,creeping out; only in <i>biḷāra°</i> at D.II,83 (v.l.BB as gloss nikkhamana)+S.IV,194= A.V,195.(Page 374),10,1
  7721. 310531,en,15,nissama,nissama,Nissama,Nissama,[ni+sama] exertion,endeavour J.V,243.(Page 374),7,1
  7722. 310542,en,15,nissamsaya,nissaṃsaya,Nissaṃsaya,Nissaṃsaya,(adj.) [nis+saṃsaya] having no doubt,free from doubt Miln.237.-- Acc.as adv.without doubt,undoubtedly Pv IV.8<sup>1</sup>; DhA.I,106; PvA.95.(Page 374),10,1
  7723. 310556,en,15,nissanda,nissanda,Nissanda,Nissanda,[Sk.nisyanda &#38; niṣyanda,ni+<em>syand</em> (syad),see sandati] flowing or trickling down; discharge,dropping,issue; result,outcome,esp.effect of Kamma A.III,32; J.I,31,205,426 (sarīra°); DhA.I,395; II,36,86; VvA.14 (puñña-kammassa n-phala); PvA.47 (puññakammassa),58 (id.); Miln.20.117; Pgdp 102.(Page 374),8,1
  7724. 310585,en,15,nissanga,nissaṅga,Nissaṅga,Nissaṅga,(adj.) [nis+saṅga] unattached,unobstructed,disinterested,unselfish Sdhp.371,398,411 etc.; Tikp 10; f.abstr.<i>°tā</i> disinterestedness J.I,46.(Page 374),8,1
  7725. 310613,en,15,nissantapa,nissantāpa,Nissantāpa,Nissantāpa,(adj.) [nis+santāpa] without grief or selfmortification PvA.62.(Page 374),10,1
  7726. 310626,en,15,nissara,nissāra,Nissāra,Nissāra,(adj.) [nis+sāra] sapless,worthless,unsubstantial J.I,393; Sdhp.51,608,612.(Page 374),7,1
  7727. 310637,en,15,nissarajja,nissārajja,Nissārajja,Nissārajja,(adj.) [Sk.niḥ+śārada+ya] without diffidence,not diffident,confident J.I,274 (+nibbhaya).(Page 375),10,1
  7728. 310650,en,15,nissarana,nissaraṇa,Nissaraṇa,Nissaraṇa,(nt.) [Sk.niḥsaraṇa,to nis+sarati,cp.BSk.nissaraṇa giving up (?) AvŚ II.193] going out,departure; issue,outcome,result; giving up,leaving behind,being freed,escape (fr.saṃsāra),salvation Vin.I,104; D.III,240,248 sq.; S.I,128,142; II,5; III,170 (catunnaṃ dhātūnaṃ); IV,7 sq.(id.); V,121 sq.; A.I,258,260; II,10 (kāmānaṃ etc.); III,245 sq.; IV,76 (uttariṃ); V,188; M.I,87 (kāmānaṃ),326 (uttariṃ); III,25; It.37,61; Ps.II,180,244; Vbh.247; Vism.116; ThA.233; DhsA.164; Sdhp.579.Cp.nissaṭa &#38; nissaraṇīya.<br><br> <i>--dassin</i> wise in knowing results,prescient,able to find a way to salvation S.IV,205; <i>--pañña</i> (adj.)=°dassin D.I,245 (a°); III,46; S.II,194; IV,332; A.V,178 (a°),181 sq.; Miln.401.(Page 374),9,1
  7729. 310660,en,15,nissarana,nissāraṇa,Nissāraṇa,Nissāraṇa,(nt.) [fr.nissarati] going or driving out,expulsion Miln.344 (osāraṇa-n.-paṭisāraṇa),357.(Page 375),9,1
  7730. 310766,en,15,nissaraniya,nissaraṇīya,Nissaraṇīya,Nissaraṇīya,(adj.) [grd.of nissarati,with relation to nissaraṇa] connected with deliverance,leading to salvation,able to be freed.The 3 n.dhātuyo (elements of deliverance) are <i>nekkhamma</i> (escape from cravings),<i>āruppa</i> (from existence with form),<i>nirodha</i> (from all existence),in detail at It.61 (kāmānaṃ n.nekkhammaṃ,rūpānaṃ n.āruppaṃ,yaṃ kiñci bhūtaṃ saṅkhataṃ n.nirodho).The 5 n-dh.are escape fr.kāma,vyāpāda,vihesā,rūpa,sakkāya:A.III,245; cp.A.I,99; III,290.<br><br> Note.The spelling is often <i>nissāraṇīya</i>,thus at Vin.IV,225; D.III,239 (the five n-dhātuyo),247,275.(Page 374),11,1
  7731. 310792,en,15,nissarati,nissarati,Nissarati,Nissarati,[nis+sarati] to depart,escape from,be freed from (c.Abl.) A.I,260 (yasmā atthi loke nissaraṇaṃ tasmā sattā lokamhā nissaranti).-- pp.<i>nissaṭa</i>,grd.<i>nissaraṇīya</i> (q.v.); cp.also nissaraṇa &#38; paṭi°.(Page 374),9,1
  7732. 310843,en,15,nissata,nissaṭa,Nissaṭa,Nissaṭa,(adj.) [pp.of nis+sarati,<em>sṛ</em>] flown or come out from,appeared; let loose,free,escaped from S.III,31; IV,11 sq.; A.I,260; IV,430 (a°); V,151 sq.; J.III,530; VI,269; Nd<sup>2</sup> under nissita; Ps.II,10 sq.; Miln.95,225 (bhava°).See also nissaraṇa.Cp.abhi°.(Page 374),7,1
  7733. 310865,en,15,nissatta,nissatta,Nissatta,Nissatta,(adj.) [Sk.*niḥsattva,nis+satta] powerless,unsubstantial; f.abstr.<i>°tā</i> absence of essence,unsubstantiality (see dhamma A) DhsA.38,139,263; cp.Dhs.trsl.pp.XXXIII, &#38; 26.(Page 374),8,1
  7734. 310883,en,15,nissattha,nissaṭṭha,Nissaṭṭha,Nissaṭṭha,(adj.) [pp.of nissajjati] dismissed,given up,left,granted,handed over,given Vin.III,197 (°cīvara); M.I,295; II,203; VvA.341.See also <i>nisaṭṭha</i> &#38; paṭi°.(Page 374),9,1
  7735. 310944,en,15,nissaya,nissaya,Nissaya,Nissaya,[Sk.niśraya,of ni+<em>śri</em>,corresp.in meaning to Sk.āśraya] that on which anything depends,support,help,protection; endowment,resource,requisite,supply; foundation,reliance on (Acc.or --°) Vin.I,58 (the four resources of bhikkhu,viz.piṇḍiyālopa-bhojanaṃ,paṃsukūla -- cīvaraṃ,rukkhamūla -- senāsanaṃ,pūtimuttabhesajjaṃ); II,274,278; D.III,137,141; A.I,117; III,271; IV,353; V,73; Sn.753,877; Nd<sup>1</sup> 108 (two n.:taṇhā° &#38; diṭṭhi°),190,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 397<SUP>A</SUP> (the requisites of a bhikkhu in diff.enumeration); Ps.II,49 sq.,58 sq.,73 sq.; II,220; Nett 7,65; Vism.12,535.<i>nissayaṃ karoti</i> to rely on,to be founded on to take one’s stand in Sn.800.-- Cp.nissāya &#38; nissita.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> giving assistance or help,an (ecclesiastical) act of help or protection Vin.I,49,143,325; II,226; A.I,99; Pv IV.1<sup>1</sup> (so to be read at the 2 latter passages for niyassa°).<i>--sampanna</i> finding one’s strength in A.IV,353.(Page 374),7,1
  7736. 310958,en,15,nissaya,nissāya,Nissāya,Nissāya,(prep.c,Acc.) [ger.of nissayati,Sk.*niśrāya,BSk niśritya,ni+<em>śri</em>] leaning on (in all fig.meanings) Nd<sup>2</sup> 368 (=upanissāya,ārammaṇaṃ ālambanaṃ karitvā).‹-› 1.near,near by,on,at J.I,167 (pāsānapiṭṭhaṃ),221 (padumasaraṃ); PvA.24 (bāhā),134 (taṃ=with him).‹-› 2.by means of,through,by one’s support,by way of J.I,140 (rājānaṃ:under the patronage of the k.); IV,137 (id.); II,154 (tumhe); Miln.40 (kāyaṃ),253 (id.); PvA.27 (ye=yesaṃ hetu),154 (nadī° alongside of).-- 3.because of,on account of,by reason of,for the sake of J.I,203 (amhe),255 (dhanaṃ),263 (maṃ); PvA.17 (kiṃ),67 (namaṃ),130 (taṃ).-- Cp.nissaya,nissita.(Page 374),7,1
  7737. 311116,en,15,nissayata,nissayatā,Nissayatā,Nissayatā,(f.) [abstr.to nissaya] dependence,requirement,resource Sn.856; Nd<sup>1</sup> 245.(Page 374),9,1
  7738. 311124,en,15,nissayati,nissayati,Nissayati,Nissayati,[Sk.niśrayati,but in meaning=āśrayati,ni+ <em>śri</em>] to lean on,a foundation on,rely on,trust,pursue,Sn.798 (sīlabbataṃ; SnA 530=abhinivisati); VvA.83 (katapuññaṃ).Pass.<i>nissīyati</i> VvA.83.pp.<i>nissita;</i> ger.<i>nissāya</i> (q.v.).(Page 374),9,1
  7739. 311176,en,15,nisseni,nisseṇi,Nisseṇi,Nisseṇi,(f.) [fr.nis+<em>śri</em>,orig.that which leans against,or leads to something,cp.Sk.śreṇī a row] a ladder,a flight of stairs D.I,194,198; J.I,53; II,315; III,505; Miln.263; Vism.244,340 (in simile); DhA.I,259.(Page 375),7,1
  7740. 311207,en,15,nissesa,nissesa,Nissesa,Nissesa,(adj.) [nis+sesa] whole,entire; nt.Acc.as adv.<i>nissesaṃ</i> entirely,completely Nd<sup>2</sup> 533.(Page 375),7,1
  7741. 311245,en,15,nissima,nissīma,Nissīma,Nissīma,(adj.) [cp.Sk.niḥsīman with diff.meanings (“boundless”),nis+sīma] outside the boundary Vin.I,255 (°ṭṭha),298 (°ṃ gantuṃ); II,167 (°e ṭhito).(Page 375),7,1
  7742. 311269,en,15,nissirika,nissirīka,Nissirīka,Nissirīka,(adj.) [nis+sirī] having lost his (or its) splendour or prosperity J.VI,225 (ājīvika),456 (rājabhavana).(Page 375),9,1
  7743. 311283,en,15,nissita,nissita,Nissita,Nissita,(adj.) [Sk.niśrita,pp.of nissayati,corresp.in meaning to Sk.āśrita] hanging on,dependent on,inhabiting; attached to,supported by,living by means of,relying on,being founded or rooted in,bent on.As --° often in sense of a prep.=by means of,on account of,through,esp.with pron.kiṃ° (=why,through what) Sn.458; taṃ° (therefore,on acct.of this) S.IV,102.‹-› For comb<sup>n</sup> with var.synonyms see Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v. &#38; cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 75,106.-- S.II,17 (dvayaṃ; cp.III,134); IV,59,365; V,2 sq.,63 sq.; A.III,128; Dh.339 (rāga°); Sn.752,798,910; J.I,145; Nd<sup>1</sup> 283; Pv.I,8<sup>6</sup> (sokaṃ hadaya° lying in); II,6<sup>6</sup> (paṭhavi° supported by); Vbh.229; Nett 39 (°citta); Miln.314 (inhabiting); PvA.86 (māna°).-- <i>anissita</i> unsupported,not attached,free,emancipated Sn.66,363,753,849,1069 (unaided); J.I,158; Miln.320,351.-- Cp.apassita.(Page 375),7,1
  7744. 311310,en,15,nissitaka,nissitaka,Nissitaka,Nissitaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.prec.] adherent,supporter (orig.one who is supported by),pupil J.I,142,186; DhA.I,54.(Page 375),9,1
  7745. 311342,en,15,nissitatta,nissitatta,Nissitatta,Nissitatta,(nt.) [fr.nissita] dependence on,i.e.interference by,being too near,nearness Vism.118 (pantha°).Cp.san°.(Page 375),10,1
  7746. 311367,en,15,nissoka,nissoka,Nissoka,Nissoka,(adj.) [nis+soka] free from sorrow,without grief,not mourning PvA.62; KhA 153.(Page 375),7,1
  7747. 311384,en,15,nissuta,nissuta,Nissuta,Nissuta,(adj.) [fr.nis+<em>sru</em>,see savati] flown out or away,vanished,disappeared M.I,280.(Page 375),7,1
  7748. 311394,en,15,nisudana,nisūdana,Nisūdana,Nisūdana,(nt.) [ni+<em>sūd</em>] destroying,slaughtering Miln.242.(Page 373),8,1
  7749. 311399,en,15,nisumbhati,nisumbhati,Nisumbhati,Nisumbhati,[ni+sumbh (subhnāti)] to knock down Th.2,302 (=pāteti ThA.227).(Page 373),10,1
  7750. 311412,en,15,nita,nīta,Nīta,Nīta,(pp.) [pp.of neti] led,guided; ascertained,inferred A.I,60 (°attha); J.I,262; II,215 (kāma°); Nett 21 (°attha,natural meaning,i.e.the primarily inferred sense,opp.neyyattha); Sdhp.366 (dun°).Cp.vi°.(Page 375),4,1
  7751. 311431,en,15,nitaleti,nitāḷeti,Nitāḷeti,Nitāḷeti,[Sk.nitāḍayati,ni+tāḷeti] to knock down,to strike J.IV,347.(Page 357),8,1
  7752. 311437,en,15,nitamba,nitamba,Nitamba,Nitamba,[Sk.nitamba; etym.unknown] the ridge of a mountain or a glen,gully DA.I,209.(Page 357),7,1
  7753. 311449,en,15,nitammati,nitammati,Nitammati,Nitammati,[Sk.nitāmyati,ni+<em>tam</em> as in tama] to become dark,to be exhausted,faint; to be in misery or anxiety J.IV,284 (Com.:atikilamati).(Page 357),9,1
  7754. 311482,en,15,niti,nīti,Nīti,Nīti,(f.) [Sk.nīti,fr.nīta] guidance,practice,conduct,esp.right conduct,propriety; statesmanship,polity PvA.114 (°maṅgala commonsense),129 (°sattha science of statecraft,or of prudent behaviour),130 (°cintaka a lawgiver),131 (°naya polity &#38; law),132 (°kusala versed in the wisdom of life); Miln.3 (here meaning the Nyāyaphilosophy,cp.Trenckner,Notes p.58).(Page 375),4,1
  7755. 311523,en,15,nittaddana,nittaddana,Nittaddana,Nittaddana,(better:<i>nitthaddhana</i>) (nt.) [Sk.*niṣṭambhana,abstr.fr.ni+thaddha=making rigid] paralysing D.I,11 (jīvhā°=mantena jivhāya thaddhakaraṇa DA.I,96; v.l.(gloss) nibandhana).(Page 357),10,1
  7756. 311532,en,15,nittanha,nittaṇha,Nittaṇha,Nittaṇha,(adj.) [BSk.niṣṭṛṣṇa (Divy 210 etc.),nis+taṇhā] free from thirst or desire,desireless PvA.230 (=nirāsa).f.abstr.<i>nitthaṇhatā</i> Nett 38.(Page 357),8,1
  7757. 311549,en,15,nittareti,nittāreti,Nittāreti,Nittāreti,see nittharati.(Page 357),9,1
  7758. 311560,en,15,nitteja,nitteja,Nitteja,Nitteja,(adj.) [cp.Sk.nistejas only in meaning 1; nis+ teja] 1.without energy Vism.596.-- 2.“put out,” abashed,put to shame,in <i>°ṃ karoti</i> to make blush or put to shame J.II,94 (lajjāpeti+).(Page 357),7,1
  7759. 311571,en,15,nittha,niṭṭha,Niṭṭha,Niṭṭha,(adj.) [Sk.niṣṭha,ni+°tha; cp.niṭṭhā<sup>1</sup>] dependent on,resting on,intent upon S.III,13 (accanta°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 263 (rūpa°).(Page 357),6,1
  7760. 311581,en,15,nittha,niṭṭhā,Niṭṭhā,Niṭṭhā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [Vedic niṣṭhā (niḥṣṭhā),nis+ṭhā from °ṭha] end,conclusion; perfection,height,summit; object,aim Vin.I,255; S.II,186; A.I,279 (object); Ps.I,161.<i>niṭṭhaṃ gacchati</i> to come to an end; fig.to reach perfection,be completed in the faith M.I,176; J.I,201; Miln.310; freq.in pp.<i>niṭṭhaṃ gata</i> (niṭṭhaṅgata) one who has attained perfection (=pabbajitānaṃ arahattaṃ patta) DhA.IV,70; S.III,99 (a°); A.II,175; III,450; V,119 sq.; Dh.351; Ps.I,81,161.(Page 357),6,1
  7761. 311582,en,15,nittha,niṭṭhā,Niṭṭhā,Niṭṭhā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [Sk.niṣṭhā; ni+ṭhā,abstr.of adj.-suff.°ṭha] basis,foundation,familiarity with Sn.864 (expl.SnA 551 by samiddhi,but see Nd<sup>1</sup> 263).(Page 357),6,1
  7762. 311609,en,15,nitthana,niṭṭhāna,Niṭṭhāna,Niṭṭhāna,(nt.) [abstr.of niṭṭhāti] being finished,carrying out,execution,performance D.I,141; ThA.19 (=avasāya).Cp.san°.(Page 357),8,1
  7763. 311623,en,15,nitthanana,nitthanana,Nitthanana,Nitthanana,(nt.) [nis+thanana,abstr.to thaneti] groaning,moaning DA.I,291 (v.l.BB.°ṭhuna).As <i>nitthunana</i> Vism.504.(Page 357),10,1
  7764. 311634,en,15,nitthanati,nitthanati,Nitthanati,Nitthanati, &#38; Nitthunati [Sk.nisstanati “moan out,” nis +thaneti &#38; thunati<sup>1</sup>] to moan,groan:(a) <i>°thanati:</i> J.I,463; II,362; IV,446; V,296; DA.I,291.-- (b) <i>°thunati</i> Vin.II,222; J.V,295,389; Vism.311; VvA.224.Cp.nitthuna.(Page 357),10,1
  7765. 311696,en,15,nitthapeti,niṭṭhāpeti,Niṭṭhāpeti,Niṭṭhāpeti,[Caus.to niṭṭhāti] to carry out,perform; prepare,make ready,accomplish J.I,86,290; VI,366; DhA.III,172.-- pp.<i>niṭṭhāpita</i> Cp.pari°.(Page 357),10,1
  7766. 311714,en,15,nitthapita,niṭṭhāpita,Niṭṭhāpita,Niṭṭhāpita,( &#38; niṭṭhapita) [pp.of niṭṭhāpeti] accomplished,performed,carried out J.I,86,172 (°ṭha°),201.(Page 357),10,1
  7767. 311739,en,15,nitthara,nitthāra,Nitthāra,Nitthāra,[Sk.nistāra; nis+tāra of tarati<sup>1</sup>] passing over,rescue,payment,acquittance,in <i>°ṃ vattati</i> to be acquitted,to get off scot-free M.I,442 (v.l.netth°,which is the usual form).See <i>netthāra</i>.(Page 357),8,1
  7768. 311755,en,15,nittharana,nittharaṇa,Nittharaṇa,Nittharaṇa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Sk.nistaraṇa,ni+tharaṇa] “strewing or being strewn down,” putting down,carrying,bearing S.IV,177 (bhārassa,of a load,cp.nikkhepa); VvA.131 (so read for niddharaṇa,in kuṭumba-bhārassa nsamatthā=able to carry the burden of a household).(Page 357),10,1
  7769. 311756,en,15,nittharana,nittharaṇa,Nittharaṇa,Nittharaṇa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Sk.nistaraṇa,nis+taraṇa,cp.nittharati] getting across,ferrying over,traversing,overcoming S.I,193 (oghassa); A.II,200 (id.); It.111 (id.); M.I,134; J.I,48 (loka°); Dāvs II.29 (id.); Vism.32; Sdhp.334 (bhava°),619 (tiloka°).(Page 357),10,1
  7770. 311804,en,15,nittharati,nittharati,Nittharati,Nittharati,[Sk.nistarati,nis+tarati<sup>1</sup>] to cross over,get out of,leave behind,get over D.I,73 (kantāraṃ).pp.<i>nittiṇṇa</i> q.v.Caus.<i>nitthāreti</i> to bring through,help over Nd<sup>2</sup> 630 (nittāreti).(Page 357),10,1
  7771. 311859,en,15,nitthati,niṭṭhāti,Niṭṭhāti,Niṭṭhāti,[Sk.niṣṭiṣṭhati,nis+tiṭṭhati,the older *sthāti restored in comp<sup>n</sup>] to be at an end,to be finished J.I,220; IV,391; DhA.I,393.-- pp.niṭṭhita,Caus.<i>niṭṭhāpeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 357),8,1
  7772. 311878,en,15,nitthita,niṭṭhita,Niṭṭhita,Niṭṭhita,(adj.) [Sk.niṣṭhita (niḥṣṭhita),nis+ṭhita,cp.niṭṭhāti] brought or come to an end,finished,accomplished; (made) ready,prepared (i.e.the preparations being finished) Vin.I,35; D.I,109 (bhattaṃ:the meal is ready); II,127 (id.); J.I,255 (id.); J.II,48; III,537 (finished); VvA.188; PvA.81; &#38; often at conclusion of books &#38; chapters.aniṭṭhita not completed DhA.III,172.-- <i>su°</i> well finished,nicely got up,accomplished Sn.48,240.Cp.pari°.(Page 357),8,1
  7773. 311960,en,15,nitthubhana,niṭṭhubhana,Niṭṭhubhana,Niṭṭhubhana,(nt.) [Sk.niṣṭhīvana,see niṭṭhubhati &#38; cp.Prk.niṭṭhuhana] spitting out,spittle J.I,47; PvA.80 (=kheḷa,v.l.SS niṭṭhuvana,BB niṭhūna).(Page 357),11,1
  7774. 311978,en,15,nitthubhati,niṭṭhubhati,Niṭṭhubhati,Niṭṭhubhati,(&<i> nuṭṭhubhati</i> Vin.I,271; J.I,459; also <i>niṭṭhuhaṭi)</i> [Sk.niṣṭhubhati,but in meaning=Sk.niṣṭhīvati,nis+*thīv,<em>stubh</em> taking the function of <em>ṣṭhīv</em>,since <em>stubh</em> itself is represented by thavati &#38; thometi] to spit out,to expectorate Vin.I,271 (nuṭṭhuhitvā); III,132 (id.); J.II,105,117 (nuṭṭh°); VI,367; DhA.II,36 (niṭṭhuhitvā).pp.<i>nuṭṭhubhita</i> Sdhp.121.-- Cp.oṭṭhubhati.(Page 357),11,1
  7775. 312004,en,15,nitthuna,nitthuna,Nitthuna,Nitthuna,[Sk.*nis-stanana &#38; nistava to thunati] (a) (of thunati<sup>1</sup>) moan,groan DA.I,291 (as v.l.BB for nitthanana) -- (b) (of thunati<sup>2</sup>) blame,censure,curse PvA.76 (°ṃ karoti to revile or curse).(Page 357),8,1
  7776. 312034,en,15,nitthunati,nitthunati,Nitthunati,Nitthunati,etc.,see <i>nitthanati</i> etc.(Page 357),10,1
  7777. 312063,en,15,nitthurin,niṭṭhurin,Niṭṭhurin,Niṭṭhurin,(adj.) [Sk.niṣṭhura or niṣṭhūra,ni+thūra= thūla; cp.Prk.niṭṭhura] rough,hard,cruel,merciless Sn.952 (a°; this reading is mentioned as v.l.by Bdhgh at SnA 569, &#38; the reading <i>anuddharī</i> given; vv.ll.SS anuṭṭhurī,BB anuṭṭharī,expl<sup>d</sup> as anissukī.Nd<sup>1</sup> 440 however has aniṭṭhurī with expl<sup>n</sup> of nitthuriya as under issā at Vbh.357).(Page 357),9,1
  7778. 312069,en,15,nitthuriya,niṭṭhuriya,Niṭṭhuriya,Niṭṭhuriya,(nt.) [cp.Sk.niṣṭhuratva] hardness,harshness,roughness Nd<sup>1</sup> 440; Nd<sup>2</sup> 484 (in exegesis of makkha)= Vbh.357.(Page 357),10,1
  7779. 312092,en,15,nittina,nittiṇa,Nittiṇa,Nittiṇa,(adj.) [Sk.niṣṭṛṇa,nis+tiṇa] free from grass J.III,23.(Page 357),7,1
  7780. 312101,en,15,nittinna,nittiṇṇa,Nittiṇṇa,Nittiṇṇa,(pp.) [Sk.nistīrṇa,nis+tiṇṇa] got out of,having crossed or overcome D.II,275 (-ogha; v.l.BB nitiṇṇa); Nd<sup>1</sup> 159 (as v.l.; text has nitiṇṇa); Nd<sup>2</sup> 278 (t.).Cp.nittharati.(Page 357),8,1
  7781. 312121,en,15,nittudana,nittudana,Nittudana,Nittudana,(nt.) [nis+tudana,abstr.fr.tudati; cp.Sk.nistodā] pricking,piercing A.I,65 (text:nittuddana); III,403 sq.(Page 357),9,1
  7782. 312139,en,15,nivaha,nivaha,Nivaha,Nivaha,[fr.ni+<em>vah</em>] multitude,quantity,heap Dāvs.IV,53; V,14,24,62.(Page 372),6,1
  7783. 312158,en,15,nivapa,nivāpa,Nivāpa,Nivāpa,[cp.Sk.nivāpa,ni+<em>vap</em>,cp.nivapati] food thrown (for feeding),fodder,bait; gift,portion,ration M.I,151 sq.(Nivāpa-sutta); J.I,150; III,271; DhA.I,233 (share); III,303; VvA.63 (diguṇaṃ °ṃ pacitvā cooking a double portion).Cp.nevāpika.<br><br> <i>--tiṇa</i> grass to eat J.I,150; <i>--puṭṭha</i> fed on grains Dh.325 (=kuṇḍakâdinā sūkara-bhattena puṭṭho DhA.IV,16=Nett 129=Th.1,17; <i>--bhojana</i> a meal on food given,a feeding M.I,156).(Page 372),6,1
  7784. 312191,en,15,nivapati,nivapati,Nivapati,Nivapati,[ni+vapati] to heap up,sow,throw (food) M.I,151 sq.(nivāpaṃ).-- pp.<i>nivutta</i> (q.v.).(Page 372),8,1
  7785. 312218,en,15,nivara,nīvāra,Nīvāra,Nīvāra,[Sk.nīvāra,unexplained] raw rice,paddy D.I,166; A.I,241,295; II,206; Pug.55; J.III,144 (°yāgu).(Page 376),6,1
  7786. 312233,en,15,nivarana,nivaraṇa,Nivaraṇa,Nivaraṇa,see vi°.(Page 372),8,1
  7787. 312240,en,15,nivarana,nivāraṇa,Nivāraṇa,Nivāraṇa,(nt. &#38; adj.) [fr.nivāreti] warding off,keeping back,preventing; refusal Sn.1034,1035,1106 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 363 āvāraṇa rakkhaṇa gopana); DhsA.259; PvA.102,278; Sdhp.396.(Page 372),8,1
  7788. 312252,en,15,nivarana,nīvaraṇa,Nīvaraṇa,Nīvaraṇa,(nt.occasionally m.) [Sk.*nivāraṇa,nis+ varaṇa of <i>vṛ</i> (vṛṇoti),see nibbuta &#38; cp.nivāraṇa] an obstacle,hindrance,only as tt.applied to obstacles in an ethical sense &#38; usually enum<sup>d</sup> or referred to in a set of 5 (as pañca nīvaraṇāni and p.āvaraṇāni),viz.<i>kāmacchanda</i>,<i> (abhijjhā-)vyāpāda</i>,<i> thīna-middha</i>,<i> uddhaccakukkucca</i>,<i> vicikicchā</i> i.e.sensuality,ill-will,torpor of mind or body,worry,wavering (cp.Dhs.trsl.p.310):D.I,73 (°e,Acc.pl.),246; II,83,300; III,49 sq.,101,234,278; S.II,23; III,149; V,60,84 sq.,93 sq.,145,160,226,327,439; M.I,60,144,276; III,4,295; A.I,3,161; III,16,63,230 sq.; 386; IV,457; V,16,195,322; Sn.17; Nd<sup>1</sup> 13; Nd<sup>2</sup> 379; Ps.I,31,129,163; Pug.68; Dhs.1059,1136,1495; Vbh.199,244,378; Nett 11,13,94; Vism.146,189; DA.I,213; Sdhp.459,493 and passim.‹-› Other enum<sup>ns</sup> are occasionally found e.g.10 at S.V,110; 8 at M.I,360 sq.; 6 at Dhs.1152.(Page 376),8,1
  7789. 312440,en,15,nivaraniya,nīvaraṇiya,Nīvaraṇiya,Nīvaraṇiya,(adj.) [fr.nīvaraṇa] belonging to an obstacle,forming a hindrance,obstructing Dhs.584,1164,1488; Vbh.12,30,66,130 etc.(Page 376),10,1
  7790. 312452,en,15,nivarati,nivarati,Nivarati,Nivarati,[ni+varati] only in Caus.<i>nivāreti</i> (q.v.),pp.<i>nivuta</i>.(Page 372),8,1
  7791. 312461,en,15,nivaraya,nivāraya,Nivāraya,Nivāraya,(adj.) [grd.of nivāreti] in <i>dun°</i> hard to check or keep back Miln.21 (+durāvaraṇa).(Page 372),8,1
  7792. 312524,en,15,nivaretar,nivāretar,Nivāretar,Nivāretar,[n.agent to nivāreti] one who holds back or refuses (entrance) (opp.pavesetar) D.II,83=S.IV,194= A.V,194 (dovāriko aññātānaṃ nivāretā ñātānam pavesetā).(Page 372),9,1
  7793. 312533,en,15,nivareti,nivāreti,Nivāreti,Nivāreti,[Caus.of nivarati] to keep back,to hold back from (c.Abl.),to restrain; to refuse,obstruct,forbid,warn Vin.I,46; II,220; S.I,7 (cittaṃ nivāreyya),14 (yato mano nivāraye); IV,195 (cittaṃ); Dh.77,116 (pāpā cittaṃ nivāraye); J.I,263; Pv III,7<sup>4</sup>; VvA.69; PvA.79,102; DhA.I,41.(Page 372),8,1
  7794. 312558,en,15,nivarita,nivārita,Nivārita,Nivārita,(adj.) [pp.of nivāreti] unobstructed,open PvA.202 (=anāvaṭa).(Page 372),8,1
  7795. 312596,en,15,nivasa,nivāsa,Nivāsa,Nivāsa,[fr.nivasati<sup>2</sup>] stopping,dwelling,resting-place,abode; living,sheltering J.I,115 (°ṃ kappeti to put up); II,110; PvA.76,78.Usually in phrase <i>pubbe-nivāsaṃ anussarati</i> “to remember one’s former abode or place of existence (in a former life),” characterising the faculty of remembering one’s former birth D.I,13,15,16,81; S.I,167,175,196; II,122,213; V,265,305; A.I,25,164; II,183; III,323,418 sq.; IV,141 sq.; V,211,339.Also in pubbenivāsaṃ vedi It.100; Sn.647=Dh.423; p-n-paṭisaṃyuttā dhammikathā D.II,1; p-n-anussatiñāṇa D.III,110,220,275; A.IV,177.Cp.nevāsika.(Page 372),6,1
  7796. 312646,en,15,nivasana,nivāsana,Nivāsana,Nivāsana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.nivasati<sup>2</sup>] dwelling,abode PvA.44 (°ṭṭhāna place of abode),76 (id.).(Page 372),8,1
  7797. 312647,en,15,nivasana,nivāsana,Nivāsana,Nivāsana,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-nt.) [fr.nivāseti] dressed,clothed; dressing,clothing,undergarment (opp.pārupana) Vin.I,46; II,228; J.I,182 (manāpa°),421; III,82; PvA.50,74,76,173 (pilotikakkhaṇḍa° dressed in rags).(Page 372),8,1
  7798. 312812,en,15,nivasati,nivasati,Nivasati,Nivasati,[ni+vasati<sup>2</sup>] to live,dwell,inhabit,stay Vin.II,11.-- pp.<i>nivuttha</i>,cp.also nivāsana<sup>2</sup> &#38; nivāsin.(Page 372),8,1
  7799. 312893,en,15,nivaseti,nivāseti,Nivāseti,Nivāseti,[Caus.of nivasati<sup>1</sup>] to dress oneself,to put on (the undergarment),to get clothed or dressed.Freq.in ster.phrase “<i>pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā patta-</i> cīvaram ādāya ...,” describing the setting out on his round of the bhikkhu; e.g.D.I,109,178,205,226.‹-› Vin.I,46; II,137,194; D.II,127; J.I,265; Pug.56; Pv.I,10<sup>3</sup>; PvA.49,61,75,127 (nivāsessati+pārupissati),147 (=pārupāmi).-- Caus.II.<i>nivāsāpeti</i> to cause or order to be dressed (with 2 Acc.) J.I,50; IV,142; DhA.I,223.(Page 372),8,1
  7800. 312933,en,15,nivasika,nivāsika,Nivāsika,Nivāsika,(adj.) [fr.nivāsa] staying,living,dwelling J.II,435 (=nibaddha-vasanaka C.).(Page 372),8,1
  7801. 312941,en,15,nivasin,nivāsin,Nivāsin,Nivāsin,(adj.-n.) [to nivasati] dwelling,staying; (n.) an inhabitant Dāvs.V,45.(Page 372),7,1
  7802. 312967,en,15,nivata,nivāta,Nivāta,Nivāta,<sup>2</sup> [identical with nivāta<sup>1</sup>,sheltered from the wind =low] lowliness,humbleness,obedience,gentleness M.I,125; Sn.265 (=nīcavattana KhA 144); J.VI,252; Pv IV.7<sup>12</sup>.Cp.M Vastu II.423.Freq.in cpd.<i>nivātavutti</i> (id.) A.III,43; Sn.326 (=nīcavutti SnA 333); J.III,262; Miln.90,207; VvA.347.(Page 372),6,1
  7803. 312968,en,15,nivata,nivāta,Nivāta,Nivāta,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Sk.nivāta,ni+vāta “wind-down”] with the wind gone down,i.e.without wind,sheltered from the wind,protected,safe,secure Vin.I,57,72; M.I,76= A.I,137 (kūṭāgāra); A.I,101 (id.); It.92 (rahada); Th.1,1 (kuṭikā); 2,376 (pāsāda).-- (nt.) a calm (opp.pavāta) Vin.II,79.(Page 372),6,1
  7804. 312982,en,15,nivataka,nivātaka,Nivātaka,Nivātaka,[fr.nivāta<sup>1</sup>] a sheltered place,a place of escape,opportunity (for hiding) J.I,289=V.435; cp.Miln.205 (where reading is nimantaka,with v.l.nivātaka,see note on p.426).See Com.on this stanza at J.V,437.(Page 372),8,1
  7805. 313018,en,15,nivatta,nivatta,Nivatta,Nivatta,(pp.) [pp.of nivattati] returned,turning away from,giving up,being deprived of,being without (°-) Vin.II,109 (°bīja); J.I,203; VvA.72.(Page 371),7,1
  7806. 313049,en,15,nivattana,nivattana,Nivattana,Nivattana,(nt.) [fr.nivattati] 1.returning,turning,fig.turning away from,giving up,“conversion” PvA.120 (pāpato).-- 2.a bend,curve (of a river),nook J.I,324; II,117,158; IV,256; V,162.(Page 372),9,1
  7807. 313055,en,15,nivattaniya,nivattanīya,Nivattanīya,Nivattanīya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.nivattana] only neg.<i>a°</i> not liable to return,not returning DhA.I,63.(Page 372),11,1
  7808. 313101,en,15,nivattati,nivattati,Nivattati,Nivattati,[Vedic nivartati,ni+vattati] to turn back,to return (opp.gacchati),to turn away from,to flee,vanish,disappear Vin.I,46; D.I,118; J.I,223; II,153; IV,142; Sn.p.80; Pv.II,9<sup>34</sup>; IV,10<sup>7</sup>; SnA 374; PvA.74,161.aor.<i>nivatti</i> J.II,3; PvA.141.pp.<i>nivatta</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.I.<i>nivatteti</i> to lead back,to turn from,to make go back,to convert J.I,203; VvA.110; PvA.204 (pāpato from sin).Cp.upa°,paṭi°,vi°.-- Caus.II.<i>nivattāpeti</i> to send back,to return PvA.154.(Page 371),9,1
  7809. 313178,en,15,nivattha,nivattha,Nivattha,Nivattha,(pp.) [pp.of ni+vasati<sup>1</sup>] clothed in or with (-° or Acc.),dressed,covered S.I,115; J.I,59 (su°),307 (sāṭakaṃ); PvA.47,49 (dibbavattha°),50.(Page 372),8,1
  7810. 313229,en,15,nivatti,nivatti,Nivatti,Nivatti,(f.) [fr.ni+<em>vṛt</em>] returning,return PvA.189 (gati° going &#38; coming).(Page 372),7,1
  7811. 313283,en,15,nivayasa,nivāyāsa,Nivāyāsa,Nivāyāsa,(?) oozing of trees; Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> of ikkāsa at Vin.II,321.See niyyāsa.(Page 372),8,1
  7812. 313288,en,15,nivedaka,nivedaka,Nivedaka,Nivedaka,(adj.) [to nivedeti] relating,admonishing J.VI,21.(Page 373),8,1
  7813. 313333,en,15,nivedeti,nivedeti,Nivedeti,Nivedeti,[ni+vedeti,Caus.of <em>vid</em>] to communicate,make known,tell,report,announce J.I,60,307; PvA.53,66 (attānaṃ reveal oneself); Dāvs V 42.(Page 373),8,1
  7814. 313363,en,15,nivesa,nivesa,Nivesa,Nivesa,[Vedic niveśa,fr.ni+<em>viś</em>] 1.entering,stopping,settling down; house,abode Vv 8<sup>2</sup> (=nivesanāni kacchantarāni VvA.50).-2.=nivesana 2,in <i>diṭṭhi°</i> Sn.785 (=idaṃ-sacchâbhinivesa-saṅkhātāni diṭṭhi-nivesanāni SnA 522).(Page 373),6,1
  7815. 313371,en,15,nivesana,nivesana,Nivesana,Nivesana,(nt.) [Vedic niveśana,fr.nivesati,cp.niviṭṭha] 1.entering,entrance,settling; settlement,abode,house,home D.I,205,226; II,127; J.I,294; II,160 (°ṭṭhāna); PvA.22,81,112.-- 2.(fig.) (also <i>nivesanā</i> f.:Nd<sup>2</sup> 366) settling on,attachment,clinging to (in diṭṭhi° clinging to a view=dogmatism cp.nivissa-vādin) Sn.1055 (nandi+; =taṇhā Nd<sup>2</sup> 366); Dh.40 (diṭṭhi°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 76,110.See also <i>nivesa</i>.(Page 373),8,1
  7816. 313425,en,15,niveseti,niveseti,Niveseti,Niveseti,[Caus.of nivesati] to cause to enter,to establish; to found,build,fix,settle; (fig.) to establish in,exhort to (c.Loc.),plead for,entreat,admonish D.I,206; S.V,189; Dh.158,282 (attānaṃ); It.78 (brahmacariye); Th.2,391 (manaṃ); J.V,99; Pv III,7<sup>7</sup> (saṃyame nivesayi); DA.I,273 (gāmaṃ); PvA.206.(Page 373),8,1
  7817. 313440,en,15,nivesita,nivesita,Nivesita,Nivesita,(adj.) [pp.of nivesati] settled,arranged,designed,built VvA.82 (=sumāpita).(Page 373),8,1
  7818. 313451,en,15,nivetha,niveṭha,Niveṭha,Niveṭha,in pañhe dunniveṭha at Miln.90 see <i>nibbedha</i>.(Page 373),7,1
  7819. 313452,en,15,nivethana,niveṭhana,Niveṭhana,Niveṭhana,see vi°.(Page 373),9,1
  7820. 313454,en,15,nivetheti,niveṭheti,Niveṭheti,Niveṭheti,see <i>nibbeṭheti</i>.(Page 373),9,1
  7821. 313459,en,15,nivicikiccha,nivicikicchā,Nivicikicchā,Nivicikicchā,see nibbicikicchā; M.I,260.(Page 372),12,1
  7822. 313462,en,15,nivijjha,nivijjha,Nivijjha,Nivijjha,see vi°.(Page 372),8,1
  7823. 313487,en,15,nivisati,nivisati,Nivisati,Nivisati,[ni+visati] to enter,stop,settle down on (Loc.),to resort to,establish oneself Vin.I,207; J.I,309= IV.217 (yasmiṃ mano nivisati).-- pp.niviṭṭha ger.nivissa (q.v.).Caus.niveseti.(Page 372),8,1
  7824. 313499,en,15,niviss,niviss,Niviss,Niviss,a-vādin (adj.-n.) [nivissa (ger.of nivisati)+vādin] “speaking in the manner of being settled or sure,” a dogmatist Sn.910,913,expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 326 as “sassato loko idam eva saccaṃ,mogham aññan ti”; at SnA 560 as “jānāmi passāmi tath’eva etan ti.” (Page 372),6,1
  7825. 313513,en,15,nivittha,niviṭṭha,Niviṭṭha,Niviṭṭha,(adj.) [pp.of nivisati] settled,established (in); confirmed,sure; fixed on,bent on,devoted to (Loc.) Sn.57 (=satta allīna etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 364),756,774,781 (ruciyā),824 (saccesu),892; Nd<sup>1</sup> 38,65,162; It.35,77; J.I,89,259 (adhammasmiṃ); Miln.361; VvA.97 (°gāma,built,situated); DA.I,90 (su° &#38; dun° of a street=well &#38; badly built or situate).Cp.abhi°.(Page 372),8,1
  7826. 313572,en,15,nivuta,nivuta,Nivuta,Nivuta,(adj.) [pp.of nivarati (nivāreti) cp.nivārita] surrounded,hemmed in,obstructed,enveloped D.I,246; S.II,24; IV,127; Sn.348 (tamo°),1032,1082; It.8; Nd<sup>2</sup> 365 (=ophuṭa,paṭicchanna,paṭikujjita); Miln.161; SnA 596 (=pariyonaddha).(Page 372),6,1
  7827. 313587,en,15,nivutta,nivutta,Nivutta,Nivutta,<sup>3</sup> (pp.) [Sk.*nyupta,pp.of vapati<sup>2</sup> to sow] sown,thrown (of food),offered,given M.I,152; J.III,272.(Page 372),7,1
  7828. 313588,en,15,nivutta,nivutta,Nivutta,Nivutta,<sup>2</sup> (pp.) [Sk.*nyupta,pp.of vapati<sup>1</sup> to shear] shorn,shaved,trimmed Sn.456 (°kesa=apagatakesa,ohāritakesamassu SnA 403).(Page 372),7,1
  7829. 313589,en,15,nivutta,nivutta,Nivutta,Nivutta,<sup>1</sup> (pp.) [pp.of ni+<em>vac</em>] called,termed,designated PvA.73 (dasavassa-satāni,vassa-sahassaṃ n.hoti).(Page 372),7,1
  7830. 313602,en,15,nivuttha,nivuttha,Nivuttha,Nivuttha,(pp.of nivasati) inhabited; dwelling,living; see san°.(Page 373),8,1
  7831. 313671,en,15,nivyaggha,nivyaggha,Nivyaggha,Nivyaggha,(adj.) [nis+vyaggha] free from tigers J.II,358 (v.l.nibbyaggha).(Page 373),9,1
  7832. 313679,en,15,niya,niya,Niya,Niya,(adj.) [Sk.nija,q.v.] one’s own Sn.149 (°putta= orasaputta KhA 248); <i>niyassakamma</i> at A.I,99 &#38; Pv IV.1<sup>13</sup> (v.l.Minayeff tiyassa) is to be read as nissayakamma (q.v.).(Page 368),4,1
  7833. 313692,en,15,niyadita,nīyādita,Nīyādita,Nīyādita,Nīyādeti see <i>niyy°</i>.(Page 375),8,1
  7834. 313698,en,15,niyaka,niyaka,Niyaka,Niyaka,(adj.) [=niya] one’s own Th.2,469; ThA.284; DhsA.169,337; DA.I,183; Vbh.2; Vism.349.(Page 368),6,1
  7835. 313732,en,15,niyama,niyama,Niyama,Niyama,[cp.Sk.niyama,ni+<em>yam</em><i>;</i> often confused with niyāma] 1.restraint,constraint,training,self-control Miln.116 (yama+); PvA.98 (yama+).-- 2.definiteness,certainty,limitation DhA.III,83 (catumagga°,v.l.niyāma); SnA 124 (niyāma); DhsA.154; PvA.166 (ayaṃ n.saṃsāren’atthi:law,necessity).-- <i>aniyama</i> indefiniteness,choice,generality DhsA.57; VvA.16 (yaṃ kiñci=aniyame,i.e.in a general sense),17 (same of ye keci); PvA.175 (vā saddo aniyamattho=indefinite).-- <i>niyamena</i> (Instr.) adv.by necessity,necessarily PvA.287; <i>niyamato</i> (Abl.) id.DhsA.145,304 (so read).‹-› 3.natural law,cosmic order; in Commentarial literature this was fivefold:utu-,bīja-,kamma-,ćitta-,dhammaDA.on D.II,11; Dial.II.8; DhsA.272; trs.360.(Page 368),6,1
  7836. 313746,en,15,niyama,niyāma,Niyāma,Niyāma,[Sk.niyama &#38; niyāma] way,way to an end or aim,esp.to salvation,right way (sammatta°); method,manner,practice S.I,196; III,225 (sammatta°); A.I,122; Sn.371 (°dassin=sammatta-niyāmabhūtassa maggassa dassāvin SnA 365); Nd<sup>1</sup> 314 (°avakkanti); Nd<sup>2</sup> 358 (=cattāro maggā); Ps.II,236 sq.(sammatta° okkamati); Pug.13,15; Vbh.342.-- <i>niyāmena</i> (Instr.) adv.in this way,by way of,according to J.I,278; IV,139,414 (suta° as he had heard); DhA.I,79; II,9,21; VvA.4; PvA.260; Kvu trs.383.-- <i>aniyāmena</i> (see also aniyāmena) without order,aimlessly,at random J.V,337.(Page 368),6,1
  7837. 313789,en,15,niyamaka,niyāmaka,Niyāmaka,Niyāmaka,<sup>2</sup> (see <i>niyyāmaka</i>) ship’s captain Vism.137 (simile).(Page 368),8,1
  7838. 313790,en,15,niyamaka,niyāmaka,Niyāmaka,Niyāmaka,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [either to niyama or niyāma] sure of or in,founded in,or leading to,completed in D.I,190 (dhamma-n.paṭipadā,cp.niyamatā).(Page 368),8,1
  7839. 313823,en,15,niyamana,niyamana,Niyamana,Niyamana,(nt.) [Sk.niyamana,to niyameti] fixing,settling,definition,explanation in detail Miln.352 (lakkha-n° aiming at the target); VvA.22 (visesattha°); 231,PvA.255 (so read for nigamana?).(Page 368),8,1
  7840. 313875,en,15,niyamata,niyāmatā,Niyāmatā,Niyāmatā,(f.) [abstr.to niyāma,influenced in meaning by niyama] state of being settled,certainty,reliance,surety,being fixed in (-°) S.II,25 (dhamma°+dhammaṭṭhitatā); A.I,286 (id.),J.I,113 (saddhammassa n.assurance of ...); Kvu 586 (accanta° final assurance).(Page 368),8,1
  7841. 313928,en,15,niyameti,niyameti,Niyameti,Niyameti,[cp.Sk.niyamayati,ni+yamati] to tie down,to fix; explain in detail,exemplify PvA.265; Vism.666.‹-› pp.<i>niyamita</i> see <i>a°</i>.(Page 368),8,1
  7842. 313935,en,15,niyameti,niyāmeti,Niyāmeti,Niyāmeti,[denom.fr.niyāma or niyama] to restrain,control,govern,guide Miln.378 (nāvaṃ).(Page 368),8,1
  7843. 314014,en,15,niyanika,nīyānika,Nīyānika,Nīyānika,see <i>niyy°</i>.(Page 375),8,1
  7844. 314072,en,15,niyata,niyata,Niyata,Niyata,(adj.) [pp.of ni+<em>yam</em>] restrained,bound to,constrained to,sure (as to the future),fixed (in its consequences),certain,assured,necessary D.II,92 (sambodhiparāyanā),155; III,107; Sn.70 (=ariyamaggena niyāmappatta SnA 124,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 357); Dh.142 (=catumagga‹-› niyamena n.DhA.III,83); J.I,44 (bodhiyā); Pug.13,16,63; Kvu 609 sq.; Dhs.1028 sq.(micchatta° etc.; cp.Dhs.trsl.266,267),1414,1595; Vbh.17,24,63,319,324; Miln.193; Tikp 168 (°micchādiṭṭhi); DhA.III,170; PvA.211.Discussed in Pts.of Contr.(see Index).‹-› <i>aniyata</i> see separately.(Page 368),6,1
  7845. 314267,en,15,niyateti,niyāteti,Niyāteti,Niyāteti,see <i>niyyādeti</i>.(Page 368),8,1
  7846. 314274,en,15,niyati,niyati,Niyati,Niyati,(f.) [cp.Sk.niyati,ni+<em>yam</em>] necessity,fate,destiny D.I,53; DA.I,161; VvA.341; PvA.254.(Page 368),6,1
  7847. 314286,en,15,niyati,nīyati,Nīyati,Nīyati,[Sk.nīyati,Pass.of neti] to be led or guided,to go,to be moved S.I,39 (cittena nīyati loko); Dh.175; Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup> (=vahīyati PvA.56); J.I,264 (ppr.nīyamāna); PvA.4 (id.); DhA.III,177; Sdhp.292,302.Also found in spelling <i>niyyati</i> at Sn.851; Nd<sup>1</sup> 223 (=yāyati,vuyhati),395.-- In the sense of a Med.in imper.<i>nīyāmase</i> (let us take) Pv.II,9<sup>1</sup> (=nayissāma PvA.113).(Page 375),6,1
  7848. 314296,en,15,niyati,nīyāti,Nīyāti,Nīyāti,see <i>niyyāti</i>.(Page 375),6,1
  7849. 314347,en,15,niyoga,niyoga,Niyoga,Niyoga,[ni+yoga] command,order; necessity.Abl.<i>niyogā</i> “strictly speaking” Dhs.1417.(Page 368),6,1
  7850. 314416,en,15,niyojeti,niyojeti,Niyojeti,Niyojeti,[Caus.of niyuñjati] to urge,incite to (with Loc.) Vin.II,303; A.IV,32; Pv.II,1<sup>4</sup>; Miln.229. <i>Niyyati=Nīyati</i> (Pass.of nayati).(Page 368),8,1
  7851. 314456,en,15,niyujjati,niyujjati,Niyujjati,Niyujjati,[Pass.of niyuñjati] to be fit for,to be adapted to,to succeed,result,ensue PvA.49 (=upakappati).(Page 368),9,1
  7852. 314495,en,15,niyutta,niyutta,Niyutta,Niyutta,(ka) (adj.) [pp.of niyuñjati] tied to,appointed to (with Loc.),commissioned,ordered DhsA.47; PvA.20 (janapade),124 (dānâdhikāre),127 (dāne).(Page 368),7,1
  7853. 314554,en,15,niyyadeti,niyyādeti,Niyyādeti,Niyyādeti,(niyyāteti,nīyādeti) [cp.Sk.ni- or nir-yātayati,Caus.of ni(r)yatati] to give (back),give into charge,give over,assign,dedicate,to present,denote S.I,131 (niyyātayāmi); IV,181 (sāmikānaṃ gāvo),194; J.I,30,66,496; II,106,133; Vv 46<sup>8</sup> niyyādesi=sampaṭicchāpesi,adāsi VvA.199); Pv III,2<sup>11</sup> (niyātayiṃsu=adaṃsu PvA.184); Vism.115 (t); DhA.I,70; II,87; VvA.33,67; PvA.20 (vihāraṃ nīyādetvā),25 (=uddissati dadāti),42,81,276 (at all PvA.passages as nī°).-- pp.<i>niyyādita</i>.Cp.similarly paṭiyādeti &#38; paṭiyādita.(Page 369),9,1
  7854. 314576,en,15,niyyadita,niyyādita,Niyyādita,Niyyādita,[pp.of niyyādeti] assigned,presented,given,dedicated PvA.196 (dhana nī°).As <i>niyyātita</i> at Vism.115.(Page 369),9,1
  7855. 314596,en,15,niyyama,niyyāma,Niyyāma,Niyyāma,(ka) [Sk.niyāmaka &#38; niryāma(ka).Cp.also P.niyāmaka] a pilot,helmsman,master mariner,guide J.I,107 (thala°); IV,137,138; Miln.194,378 sq.; Dāvs.IV,42.(Page 369),7,1
  7856. 314623,en,15,niyyana,niyyāna,Niyyāna,Niyyāna,(nt.) [nis+yāna,cp.niyyāti] 1.going out,departure D.I,9 (=niggamana DA.I,94).-- 2.way out,release,deliverance Sn.170,172 (“magga-saccaṃ bhāvento lokamhā niyyāti” SnA 212); Ps.I,163,176; Nett 119.Cp.niyyānika.-- <i>aniyyāna</i> DhA.II,209.(Page 369),7,1
  7857. 314667,en,15,niyyanika,niyyānika,Niyyānika,Niyyānika,(adj.) [to niyyāna] leading out (of saṃsāra),leading to salvation,salutary,sanctifying,saving,profitable D.I,235,237; S.I,220; V,82,166,255,379 sq.; J.I,48 (a°),106; Dhs.277,339,505 (cp.Dhs.trsl.pp.82,335); Vbh.12,19,56,319,324; Nett 29,31,63,83; DhA.IV,87.-- Also found in spelling <i>nīyānika</i> e.g.A.III,132 (ariyā diṭṭhi n.nīyāti takkarassa sammādukkha-khayāya); DA.I,89 (anīyānikattā tiracchanabhūtā kathā).(Page 369),9,1
  7858. 314757,en,15,niyyasa,niyyāsa,Niyyāsa,Niyyāsa,[cp.Sk.niryāsa,Halāyudha 5,75] any exudation (of plants or trees),as gum,resin,juice,etc.Vism.74 (°rukkha,one of the 8 kinds of trees),360 (paggharitan.-rukkha).Cp.<i>nivāyāsa</i>.(Page 369),7,1
  7859. 314784,en,15,niyyata,niyyāta,Niyyāta,Niyyāta,(pp.)=<i>niyyādita</i> M.I,360.(Page 369),7,1
  7860. 314798,en,15,niyyatana,niyyātana,Niyyātana,Niyyātana,(nt.) [fr.niyyāti] returning,return to (-°) J.V,497 (saka-raṭṭha°); Vism.556; DA.I,234.(Page 369),9,1
  7861. 314820,en,15,niyyatar,niyyātar,Niyyātar,Niyyātar,[n.ag.to niyyāma] a guide,leader M.I,523 sq.(Page 369),8,1
  7862. 314891,en,15,niyyati,niyyāti,Niyyāti,Niyyāti,[Sk.niryāti,nis+yāti] to go out,get out (esp.of saṃsāra); S.V,6 (niyyanti dhīrā lokamhā); SnA 212; aor.<i>niyyāsi</i> D.I,49,108; J.I,263; Sn.417; 3rd pl.<i>niyyiṃsu</i> A.V,195; fut.<i>niyyassati</i> A.V,194.-- See also niyyāna &#38; niyyānika.(Page 369),7,1
  7863. 314913,en,15,niyyatta,niyyatta,Niyyatta,Niyyatta,(nt.) [cp.Sk.niryaṇa] escape J.I,215.(Page 368),8,1
  7864. 314958,en,15,niyyuha,niyyūha,Niyyūha,Niyyūha,[Sk.niryūha ( &#38; nirvyūha?),perhaps to <em>vah</em>] a pinnacle,turret,gate M.I,253; DA.I,284 (pāsāda+).(Page 369),7,1
  7865. 314980,en,15,no,no,No,No,<sup>3</sup> [Sk.naḥ] enclitic form,Gen.Dat.Acc.pl.of pron.1<sup>st</sup> (we)=amhākaṃ,see <i>vayaṃ;</i> cp.na<sup>3</sup>.(Page 378),2,1
  7866. 314981,en,15,no,no,No,No,<sup>2</sup> (indecl.) [Sk.no=na+u,a stronger na; cp.na<sup>2</sup>) negative &#38; adversative particle=neither,nor,but not,surely not,indeed not.-- (a) in neg.sentences:Sn.852,855,1040; It.103 (but not); Pv.II,3<sup>13</sup> (but not).as answer:<i>no hi</i> etaṃ “indeed not,no indeed” Vin.I,17; D.I,3; no hi idaṃ D.I,105.-- no ca kho “but surely not” D.I,34,36; A.V,195.-- Often emphasized by <i>na</i>,as <i>no na</i> not at all J.I,64; na no Sn.224 (=“avadhāraṇe” KhA 170); disjunctively <i>na hi </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> no</i> neither-nor Sn.813; <i>na no </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> na</i> neither-nor (notnor) Sn.455.-- (b) in disjunctive questions:“or not,” as evaṃ hoti vā ...no vā (is it so-or not) D.I,61,227; kacci ...no (is it so-or not; Lat.ne-annon) D.I,107; nu kho ...no udāhu (is it that-or not; or rather) D.I,152.-- (c) <i>noce</i> (no ce=Sk.no ced) if not (opp.sace) Sn.348,691,840; J.I,222; VI,365; VvA.69.Also in sense of “I hope not” J.V,378.(Page 378),2,1
  7867. 314982,en,15,no,no,No,No,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) affirm. &#38; emphatic part.=<i>nu</i> (cp.na<sup>1</sup>):indeed,then,now Sn.457,875,1077; J.V,343 (api no= api nu),435 (=nipātamattaṃ p.437).(Page 378),2,1
  7868. 314999,en,15,nodeti,nodeti,Nodeti,Nodeti,[fr.<em>nud</em>] see vi°.(Page 378),6,1
  7869. 315013,en,15,nonita,nonīta,Nonīta,Nonīta,see <i>navanīta</i>.(Page 378),6,1
  7870. 315046,en,15,nu,nu,Nu,Nu,(indecl.) [Ved.nu,Idg.*nu,orig.adv.of time=now; cp.Lat.num (to nunc,now),see nūna] affirm.-indef.part.“then,now.” -- 1.most freq.comb<sup>d</sup> with interr.pron.and followed by <i>kho</i>,as kin nu kho J.II,159; kacci J.I,279; kaccin nu (for kaccid nu) J.II,133; kathan nu (kho) Vin.I,83; kattha PvA.22; etc.-- 2.as interr.part.(=Lat.ne,num) in enclitic position Vin.I,17; J.III,52; Sn.866,871,1071; etc.As such also comb<sup>d</sup> with na=<i>nanu</i> (Lat.nonne),which begins the sentence:Vin.II,303.(nanu tvaṃ vuḍḍho vīsativasso ‘sī ti?); Pv.I,8<sup>4</sup>; PvA.39,136 etc.-- Often comb<sup>d</sup> with other emphatic or dubitative particles,like <i>api nu</i> Vin.II,303; D.I,97; <i>nu idha</i>,contr.to <i>nīdha</i> Vv 83<sup>6</sup> or with sandhi as <i>nu-v-idha</i> D.I,108 (v.l.nu khv idha).Cp.na<sup>1</sup>,nūna,no.(Page 376),2,1
  7871. 315061,en,15,nuda,nuda,Nuda,Nuda,(-°) (adj.) [Sk.°nud &#38; °nuda,to nudati] expelling,casting out,dispelling; in <i>tamo°</i> dispelling darkness Sn.1133; Vv 35<sup>2</sup> (=viddhaṃsana VvA.161).(Page 376),4,1
  7872. 315068,en,15,nudaka,nudaka,Nudaka,Nudaka,or Nūdaka (--°)=nuda J.V,401 (āsa-nūdaka).(Page 376),6,1
  7873. 315078,en,15,nudati,nudati,Nudati,Nudati,[Vedic nudati; Idg.*(s)neu to push,cp.Sk.navate,Gr.neu/w &#38; nuζsw,Lat.nuo; Ags.neosian,Low Ger.nucken] to push,impel; expel,drive away,reject Dh.28; J.IV,443; DhA.I,259.aor.nudi Nd<sup>2</sup> 281.Cp.apa°,pa°,vi°.-- pp.nunna (nuṇṇa). Nunna (nuṇṇa) [pp.of nudati] thrust,pushed,driven away,removed Nd<sup>2</sup> 220 (ṇṇ)=khitta,cp.panuṇṇa A.II,41.(Page 376),6,1
  7874. 315109,en,15,nuna,nūna,Nūna,Nūna,( &#38; nūnaṃ DhsA.164) (indecl.) [Ved.nūnaṃ=Gr.nu/n,Lat.nunc (cp.num); Goth.nu,Ger.nun,cp.E.now.See also nu] affirmative-dubitative particle with Pot.or Ind.,viz.1.(dubit.--interrog.) is it then,now,shall I etc.(=Lat.subjunctive,hortative &#38; dubitative) D.I,155 (=Lat.num,cp.nu).Esp.freq.with rel.pron.yaṃ=yaṃ nūna what if,shall I,let me (Lat.age) Sn.p.80 (yaṃ nūn’âhaṃ puccheyyaṃ let me ask,I will ask); J.I,150,255; III,393; PvA.5 (y.n.âhaṃ imassa avassayo bhaveyyaṃ=let me help him).-- 2.(affirm.) surely,certainly,indeed Sn.1058 (api nūna pajaheyyuṃ); A.V,194; J.I,60; V,90; Pv.II,9<sup>24</sup> (nuna); Miln.20; DhsA.164; PvA.95 (nuna as v.l.; text reads nanda).(Page 376),4,1
  7875. 315139,en,15,nupura,nūpura,Nūpura,Nūpura,[Sk.nūpura; Non-Aryan.Cp.Prk.ṇeura &#38; nīdhura (nīyura)] an ornament for the feet,an anklet Th.2,268; DA.I,50.<i>Ne</i>,<i> Nesan</i> see na<sup>3</sup>.(Page 376),6,1
  7876. 315150,en,15,nutana,nūtana,Nūtana,Nūtana,(adj.) [Vedic nūtana,adj.-formation fr.adv.nū,cp.nūna.In formation cp.Sk.śvastana (of to-morrow),Lat.crastinus etc.] “of now,” i.e.recent,fresh,new Dāvs.IV,47.(Page 376),6,1
  7877. 315164,en,15,nutthubhati,nuṭṭhubhati,Nuṭṭhubhati,Nuṭṭhubhati,see <i>niṭṭhubhati</i>.(aor.<i>nuṭṭhubhi</i>,e.g.J.II,105).(Page 376),11,1
  7878. 315192,en,15,o,o,O,O,Initial o in Pali may represent a Vedic o or a Vedic au (see ojas,ogha,etc.).Or it may be guṇa of u (see oḷārika,opakammika,etc.).But it is usually a prefix representing Vedic ava.The form in o is the regular use in old Pali; there are only two or three cases where ava,for metrical or other reasons,introduced.In post-canonical Pali the form in ava is the regular one.For new formations we believe there is no exception to this rule.But the old form in o has in a few cases,survived.Though o; standing alone,is derived from ava,yet compounds with o are almost invariably older than the corresponding compounds with ava (see note on ogamana).(Page 162),1,1
  7879. 315197,en,15,obandhati,obandhati,Obandhati,Obandhati,[o + bandhati] to bind,to tie on to Vin.II,116 (obandhitvā ger.).(Page 169),9,1
  7880. 315205,en,15,obhagga,obhagga,Obhagga,Obhagga,[o + bhagga,pp.of <em>bhañj</em>,Sk.avabhagna] broken down,broken up,broken S.V,96 (°vibhagga); A.IV,435 (obhagg’obhagga); DhA.I,58 (id.); J.I,55 (°sarīra).(Page 169),7,1
  7881. 315213,en,15,obhanjati,obhañjati,Obhañjati,Obhañjati,[o + <em>bhañj</em>] to fold up,bend over,crease (a garment); only Caus.II.<i>obhañjāpeti</i> J.I,499 (dhovāpeti +).See also pp.<i>obhagga</i>.(Page 169),9,1
  7882. 315215,en,15,obharati,obharati,Obharati,Obharati,[ava + bharati,cp.Sk.avabharati = Lat.aufero] to carry away or off,to take off.-- pp.<i>obhata</i>.(Page 169),8,1
  7883. 315223,en,15,obhasa,obhāsa,Obhāsa,Obhāsa,[from obhāsati] shine,splendour,light,lustre,effulgence; appearance.In clairvoyant language also “aura” (see Cpd.214<sup>1</sup> with C.expl<sup>n.</sup> “rays emitted from the body on account of insight”) -- D.I,220 (effulgence of light); M.III,120,157; A.II,130,139; IV,302; It.108 (obhāsakara); Ps.I,114,119 (paññā°); II,100,150 sq.,159,162; Vism.28,41; PvA.276 (°ṃ pharati to emit a radiance); Sdhp.325.With <i>nimitta</i> and <i>parikathā</i> at Vism.23; SnA 497.See also <i>avabhāsa</i>.(Page 169),6,1
  7884. 315235,en,15,obhasana,obhāsana,Obhāsana,Obhāsana,(nt.-adj.) [fr.obhāsa,cp.Sk.avabhāsana] shining VvA.276 (Hardy:“speaking to someone”).(Page 169),8,1
  7885. 315243,en,15,obhasati,obhāsati,Obhāsati,Obhāsati,<sup>2</sup> [ava + bhāsati fr.<em>bhāṣ</em><i>;</i> Sk.apabhāṣati] to speak to (inopportunely),to rail at,offend,abuse Vin.II,262; III,128.(Page 169),8,1
  7886. 315244,en,15,obhasati,obhāsati,Obhāsati,Obhāsati,<sup>1</sup> [o + bhāsati from <em>bhās</em>,cp.Sk.avabhāsati] to shine,to be splendid Pv.I,2<sup>1</sup> (= pabhāseti vijjoteti PvA.10).-- Caus.<i>obhāseti</i> to make radiant or resplendent,to illumine,to fill with light or splendour.-- pres.<i>obhāseti</i> Pv III,1<sup>15</sup> (= joteti PvA.176); Miln.336; ppr.<i>obhāsayanto</i> Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup> (= vijjotamāna PvA.56) &#38; <i>obhāsento</i> Pv.II,1<sup>10</sup> (= jotanto ekālokaṃ karonto PvA.71); ger.<i>obhāsetvā</i> S.I,66; Kh v.= Sn.p.46; KhA 116 (= ābhāya pharitvā ekobhāsaṃ karitvā).-- pp.<i>avabhāsita</i>.(Page 169),8,1
  7887. 315274,en,15,obhata,obhata,Obhata,Obhata,[pp.of obharati] having taken away or off,only in cpd.<i>°cumbaṭā</i> with the “cumbaṭa” taken off,descriptive of a woman in her habit of carrying vessels on her head (on the cumbaṭa stand) Vin.III,140 = VvA.73 (Hardy:“a woman with a circlet of cloth on her head”?).(Page 169),6,1
  7888. 315279,en,15,obhoga,obhoga,Obhoga,Obhoga,[o + bhoga from <em>bhuj</em> to bend] bending,winding,curve,the fold of a robe Vin.I,46 (obhoge kāyabandhanaṃ kātabbaṃ).(Page 169),6,1
  7889. 315286,en,15,ocaraka,ocaraka,Ocaraka,Ocaraka,[fr.ocarati] in special meaning of one who makes himself at home or familiar with,an investigator,informant,scout,spy (ocarakā ti carapurisā C.on Ud.66).-- Thus also in BSk.as avacaraka one who furnishes information Divy 127; an adaptation from the Pāli.-- Vin.III,47,52; M.I,129 = 189 (corā ocarakā,for carā?); S.I,79 (purisā carā (v.l.corā) ocarakā (okacarā v.l.SS) janapadaṃ ocaritvā etc.; cp.K.S.p.106 n.1) = Ud.66 (reads coiā o.).(Page 165),7,1
  7890. 315293,en,15,ocarati,ocarati,Ocarati,Ocarati,[o + carati] to be after something,to go into,to search,reconnoitre,investigate,pry Vin.III,52 (ger.°itvā); M 1502 (ocarati); S.I,79 (°itvā:so read for T.ocaritā; C.expl<sup>ns.</sup> by vīmaṃsitvā taṃ taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā).‹-› pp.ociṇṇa.(Page 165),7,1
  7891. 315297,en,15,occhindati,occhindati,Occhindati,Occhindati,[o + chindati] to cut off,sever J.II,388 (maggaṃ occhindati &#38; occhindamāna to bar the way; v.l.BB.ochijjati),404.(Page 165),10,1
  7892. 315317,en,15,ocinati,ocināti,Ocināti,Ocināti,(ocinati) -- 1.[= Sk.avacinoti,ava + <em>ci</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>] to gather,pluck,pick off DhA.I,366; also in pp.<i>ocita</i>.‹-› 2.[= Sk.avacinoti or °ciketi ava + <em>ci</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,cp.apacināti<sup>2</sup>] to disregard,disrespect,treat with contempt; pres.<i>ocināyati</i> (for ocināti metri causa) J.VI,4 (= avajānāti C.).(Page 165),7,1
  7893. 315330,en,15,ocinna,ociṇṇa,Ociṇṇa,Ociṇṇa,[pp.of ocarati] gone into,investigated,scouted,explored S.I,79 = Ud.66 (reads otiṇṇa).(Page 165),6,1
  7894. 315333,en,15,ociraka,ocīraka,Ocīraka,Ocīraka,see <i>odīraka</i>.(Page 165),7,1
  7895. 315335,en,15,ocita,ocita,Ocita,Ocita,[o + cita,pp.of ocināti<sup>1</sup>] gathered,picked off J.III,22; IV,135,156; Sdhp.387.(Page 165),5,1
  7896. 315342,en,15,odagya,odagya,Odagya,Odagya,(nt.) [der.fr.udagga] exultation,elation Nd<sup>1</sup> 3 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 446 = Dhs.9,86,285,373; DhsA.143 (= udaggasabhāva a “topmost” condition).(Page 166),6,1
  7897. 315352,en,15,odahana,odahana,Odahana,Odahana,(nt.) [fr.odahati] -- 1.putting down,applying,application M.II,216; heaping up,storing DhA.III,118.‹-› 2.putting in,fig,attention,devotion Nett 29.(Page 167),7,1
  7898. 315360,en,15,odahati,odahati,Odahati,Odahati,[o + dahati,fr.<em>dhā</em>] -- 1.to put down,to put in,supply M.I,117 (okacaraṃ,see under oka); II,216 (agad’ aṅgāraṃ vaṇa-mukhe odaheyya); Th.1,774 (migavo pāsaṃ odahi the hunter set a snare; Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,76 suggests change of reading to oḍḍayi,hardly justified); J.III,201 (visaṃ odahi araññe),272 (passaṃ o.to turn one’s flanks towards,Dat.); Miln.156 (kāye ojaṃ odahissāma supply the body with strength).-- 2.(fig.) to apply,in phrase <i>sotaṃ odahati</i> to listen D.I,230; Dāvs.V,68.-- pp.<i>ohita</i>.(Page 167),7,1
  7899. 315370,en,15,odaka,odaka,Odaka,Odaka,(nt.) [comp<sup>n.</sup> form of udaka] water; abs.only at J.III,282.-- <i>an°</i> without water,dried up Th.2,265 (= udaka-bhasta ThA.212).Cp.comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>sītodaka</i>,e.g.M.I,376.See udaka.<br><br> <i>--antika</i> -- 1.neighbourhood of the water,a place near the water (see antika<sup>1</sup>) Kh VIII,1,3 (gambhīre odakantike,which Childers,Kh.trsl<sup>n.</sup> p.30,interprets “a deep pit”; see also KhA 217 sq.).-- 2.“water at the end”,i.e.final ablution (see antika<sup>2</sup>),in spec.sense the ablution following upon the sexual act Vin.III,21; cp.<i>odak-antikatā</i> (f.abstr.) final ablution,cleansing J.II,126.(Page 166),5,1
  7900. 315388,en,15,odana,odana,Odana,Odana,(m. &#38; nt.) [Sk.odana,to Idg.<i>*ud</i>,from which also udaka,q.v.for full etym.] boiled (milk-)rice,gruel Vin.II,214 (m.); D.I,76,105; S.I,82 (nāḷik°); DhA.IV,17 (id.); A.III,49; IV,231; Sn.18; J.III,425 (til° m.); Dhs.646,740,875; PvA.73; VvA.98; Sdhp.113.Comb<sup>d.</sup> with kummāsa (sour milk) in phrase o-k-upa-caya a heap of boiled rice and sour milk,of the body (see kāya I.); also at M.I,247.(Page 166),5,1
  7901. 315403,en,15,odanika,odanika,Odanika,Odanika,[fr.odana] a cook J.III,49.(Page 166),7,1
  7902. 315413,en,15,odaniya,odaniya,Odaniya,Odaniya,(adj.) [fr.odana,cp.Sk.odanika] belonging to rice-gruel,made of rice-gruel Vin.III,59 (°ghara a ricekitchen); VvA.73 (°surā rice-liquor).(Page 166),7,1
  7903. 315425,en,15,odapattakini,odapattakinī,Odapattakinī,Odapattakinī,(f.) (adj.) [f.of uda + pattaka + in,i.e.having a bowl of water,Ep.of bhariyā a wife,viz.the wife in the quality of providing the house with water.Thus in enum<sup>n.</sup> of the 10 kinds of wives ( &#38; women in general) at Vin.III,140 (expl<sup>d.</sup> by udakapattaṃ āmasitvā vāseti) = VvA.73.(Page 167),12,1
  7904. 315428,en,15,odapattiya,odapattiyā,Odapattiyā,Odapattiyā,at Cp.II.4<sup>8</sup> = last.(Page 167),10,1
  7905. 315433,en,15,odarika,odarika,Odarika,Odarika, &#38; °ya (adj.) [fr.udara] living for one’s belly,voracious,gluttonous Miln.357; J.VI,208 (°ya); Th.1,101.(Page 167),7,1
  7906. 315437,en,15,odarikatta,odarikatta,Odarikatta,Odarikatta,(nt.) [fr.odarika] stomach-filling M.I,461; Vism.71.(Page 167),10,1
  7907. 315447,en,15,odata,odāta,Odāta,Odāta,(adj.) [Derivation unknown.The Sk.is avadāta,ava + dāta,pp.of hypothetical <i>dā<sup>4</sup></i> to clean,purify] clean,white,prominently applied to the dress as a sign of distinction (white),or special purity at festivities,ablutions &#38; sacrificial functions D.II,18 (uṇṇā,of the Buddha); III,268; A.III,239; IV,94,263,306,349; V,62; Dhs.617 = (in enumn.of colours); DA.I,219; VvA.111.See also <i>ava°</i>.<br><br> <i>--kasiṇa</i> meditation on the white (colour) Vism.174.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> of white colour,white M.II,14; Dhs.247.<i>--vattha</i> a white dress; adj.wearing a white dress,dressed in white D.I,7,76,104; J.III,425 (+ alla-kesa).<i>--vasana</i> dressed in white (of householders or laymen as opposed to the yellow dress of the bhikkhus) D.I,211; III,118,124 sq.,210; M.I,491,II.23; A.I,73; III,384; IV,217 [cp.BSk.avadāta-vasana Divy 160].(Page 167),5,1
  7908. 315454,en,15,odataka,odātaka,Odātaka,Odātaka,(adj.) [fr.odāta] white,clean,dressed in white S.II,284 (v.l.SS odāta); Th.1,965 (dhaja).(Page 167),7,1
  7909. 315479,en,15,oddeti,oḍḍeti,Oḍḍeti,Oḍḍeti,[for uḍḍeti (?).See further under uḍḍeti] to throw out (a net),to lay snares A.I,33 = J.II,37,153; III,184 and passim; ThA.243.-- pp.oḍḍita (q.v.).(Page 165),6,1
  7910. 315485,en,15,oddha,oḍḍha,Oḍḍha,Oḍḍha,[better spelling <i>oḍha</i>,pp.of ā + <i>vah</i>] carried away,appropriated,only in cpd.<i>sah-oḍhā</i> corā thieves with their plunder Vism.180 (cp.Sk.sahoḍha Manu IX.270).(Page 165),5,1
  7911. 315489,en,15,oddita,oḍḍita,Oḍḍita,Oḍḍita,[pp.of oḍḍeti] thrown out,laid (of a snare) J.I,183; II,443; V,341; ThA.243.(Page 165),6,1
  7912. 315494,en,15,odhaniya,odhānīya,Odhānīya,Odhānīya,(nt.) [fr.avadhāna,ava + <em>dhā</em>,cp.Gr.a]poqήkh,see odahati] a place for putting something down or into,a receptacle Vin.I,204 (salāk°,vy.ll.and gloss on p.38 as follows:sālākāṭṭhāniya A,salākātaniya C,salākadhāraya B,salāk’odhāniyan ti yattha salākaṃ odahanti taṃ D E).-- Cp.samodhāneti.(Page 167),8,1
  7913. 315499,en,15,odhasta,odhasta,Odhasta,Odhasta,[Sk.avadhvasta,pp.of ava + dhvaṃsati:see dhaṃsati] fallen down,scattered M.I,124 = S.IV,176 (°patoda; S reads odhasata but has v.l.odhasta).(Page 167),7,1
  7914. 315511,en,15,odhi,odhi,Odhi,Odhi,[from odahati,Sk.avadhi,fr.ava + <em>dhā</em>] putting down,fixing,i.e.boundary,limit,extent DhA.II,80 (jaṇṇu-mattena odhinā to the extent of the knee,i.e.kneedeep); IV,204 (id.).-- <i>odhiso</i> (adv.) limited,specifically Vbh.246; Nett 12; Vism.309.Opp.<i>anodhi</i> M.III,219 (°jina),also in <i>anodhiso</i> (adv.) unlimited,universal,general Ps.II,130,cp.anodissaka (odissaka); also as <i>anodhikatvā</i> without limit or distinction,absolutely Kvu 208,and odhisodhiso “piecemeal” Kvu 103 (cp.Kvu trsl<sup>n.</sup> 76<sup>2</sup>,127<sup>1</sup>).<br><br> <i>--suṅka</i> “extent of toll”,stake J.VI,279 (= suṅkakoṭṭhāsaṃ C.).(Page 167),4,1
  7915. 315518,en,15,odhika,odhika,Odhika,Odhika,(adj.) [fr.odhi] “according to limit”,i.e.all kinds of,various,in phrase yathodhikāni kāmāni Sn.60,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 526; J.V,392 (id.).(Page 167),6,1
  7916. 315531,en,15,odhunati,odhunāti,Odhunāti,Odhunāti,[o + dhunāti] to shake off M.I,229; S.III,155; A.III,365 (+ niddhunāti); Pv IV.3<sup>54</sup> (v.l.BB ophun°,SS otu°) = PvA.256; Vin.II,317 (Bdhgh.in expl<sup>n.</sup> of ogumphetvā of CV.V.11,6; p.117); Miln.399 (+ vidhunāti).(Page 167),8,1
  7917. 315538,en,15,odiraka,odīraka,Odīraka,Odīraka,in odīrakajāta S.IV,193 should with v.l.be read <i>ocīraka</i> [= ava + cira + ka] “with its bark off”,stripped of its bark.(Page 167),7,1
  7918. 315542,en,15,odissa,odissa,Odissa,Odissa,(adv.) [ger.of o + disati = Sk.diśati,cp.uddissa] only in neg.<i>anodissa</i> without a purpose,indefinitely (?) Miln.156 (should we read anudissa?).(Page 167),6,1
  7919. 315551,en,15,odissaka,odissaka,Odissaka,Odissaka,(adj.) [fr.odissa] only in adv.expression <i>odissaka-vasena</i> definitely,in special,specifically (opp.to anodissaka-vasena in general,universally) J.I,82; II,146; VvA.97.See also <i>anodissaka </i>&<i> odhiso</i>.(Page 167),8,1
  7920. 315557,en,15,odumbara,odumbara,Odumbara,Odumbara,(adj.) [fr.udumbara] belonging to the Udumbara tree Vv 50<sup>16</sup>; cp.VvA.213.(Page 167),8,1
  7921. 315568,en,15,ogacchati,ogacchati,Ogacchati,Ogacchati,[ava + gacchati] to go down,sink down,recede; of sun &#38; moon:to set D.I,240 (opp.uggacchati); A.IV,101 (udakāni og.).See also <i>ava°</i>.(Page 164),9,1
  7922. 315576,en,15,ogadha,ogadha,Ogadha,Ogadha,(-°) (adj.) [Sk.avagāḍha; P.form with shortened a,fr.ava + <em>gāh</em>,see gādha<sup>1</sup> &#38; gāhati] immersed,merging into,diving or plunging into.Only in two main phrases,viz.<i>Amatogadha </i>&<i> Nibbānogadha</i> diving into N.‹-› Besides these only in jagat’ogadha steeped in the world S.I,186.(Page 164),6,1
  7923. 315581,en,15,ogadha,ogādha,Ogādha,Ogādha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [ava + gādha<sup>2</sup>] a firm place,firm ground,only in cpd.<i>ogādhappatta</i> having gained a sure footing A.III,297 sq.(Page 164),6,1
  7924. 315582,en,15,ogadha,ogādha,Ogādha,Ogādha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Sk.avagāḍha; ava + gādha<sup>2</sup>] immersed,entered; firm,firmly footed or grounded in (-°),spelt <i>ogāḷha</i> Miln.1 (abhidhamma-vinay°).Cp.BSk.avagādhaśrāddha of deep faith Divy 268.Cp.pariyogāḷha.(Page 164),6,1
  7925. 315591,en,15,ogaha,ogāha,Ogāha,Ogāha,[fr.o + <em>gah</em>] diving into; only in cpd.<i>pariy°</i>.(Page 164),5,1
  7926. 315599,en,15,ogahana,ogahana,Ogahana,Ogahana,(nt.) [o + gahana fr.gāhati; Sk.avagāhana; concerning shortening of ā cp.avagadha] submersion,ducking,bathing; fig.for bathing-place Sn.214 (= manussānaṃ nahāna-tittha SnA 265).See also <i>avagāhana</i>.(Page 164),7,1
  7927. 315604,en,15,ogahana,ogāhana,Ogāhana,Ogāhana,(nt.) [fr.ogāhati] plunging into (-°) PvA.158.(Page 164),7,1
  7928. 315613,en,15,ogahati,ogāhati,Ogāhati,Ogāhati,(ogāheti) [Sk.avagāhate; ava + gāhati] to plunge or enter into,to be absorbed in (w.Acc.or Loc.).Pv.II,12<sup>11</sup>; Vv 6<sup>1</sup> (= anupavisati VvA.42),39<sup>2</sup> (sālavanaṃ o.= pavisati VvA.177).<i>ogāheti</i> PvA.155 (pokkharaṇiṃ); ger.<i>ogāhetvā</i> M.III,175 (T.ogah°; v.l.ogāhitvā); PvA.287 (lokanāthassa sāsanaṃ,v.l.°itvā).See also <i>ava°</i>.(Page 164),7,1
  7929. 315634,en,15,ogamana,ogamana,Ogamana,Ogamana,(nt.) [o + <em>gam</em> + ana; Sk.avagamana.That word is rather more than a thousand years later than the Pāli one.It would be ridiculous were one to suppose that the P.could be derived from the Sk.On the other hand the Sk.cannot be derived from the P.for it was formed at a time &#38; place when &#38; where P.was unknown,just as the Pali was formed at a time &#38; place when &#38; where Sk.was unknown.The two words are quite independent.They have no connection with one another except that they are examples of a rule of word-formation common to the two languages] going down,setting (of sun &#38; moon),always in contrast to <i>uggamana</i> (rising),therefore freq.v.l.ogg° D.I,10,68; DA.I,95 (= atthaṅgamana); VvA.326.(Page 164),7,1
  7930. 315639,en,15,ogana,ogaṇa,Ogaṇa,Ogaṇa,(adj.) [Vedic ogaṇa with dial.o for ava] separated from the troop or crowd,standing alone,Vin.I,80; J.IV,432 = (gaṇaṃ ohīna C.).(Page 164),5,1
  7931. 315654,en,15,oggata,oggata,Oggata,Oggata,[pp.of avagacchati:spelling gg on acct.of contrast with uggata,cp.avagamana.Müller P.Gr.43 unwarrantedly puts oggata = apagata] gone down,set (of the sun) Vin.IV,55 (oggate suriye = atthaṅgate s.),268 (id.= ratt’andhakāre); Th.1,477 (anoggatasmiṃ suriyasmiṃ).(Page 164),6,1
  7932. 315663,en,15,ogha,ogha,Ogha,Ogha,[Vedic ogha and augha; BSk.ogha,e.g.Divy 95 caturogh’ottīrṇa,Jtm 215 mahaugha.Etym.uncertain].1.(rare in the old texts) a flood of water VvA.48 (udak’ogha); usually as <i>mahogha</i> a great flood Dh.47; Vism.512; VvA.110; DhA.II,274 = ThA.175.-- 2.(always in sg.) the flood of ignorance and vain desires which sweep a man down,away from the security of emancipation.To him who has “crossed the flood”,<i>oghatiṇṇo</i>,are ascribed all,or nearly all,the mental and moral qualifications of the Arahant.For details see Sn.173,219,471,495,1059,1064,1070,1082; A.II,200 sq.Less often we have details of what the flood consists of.Thus <i>kāmogha</i> the fl.of lusts A.III,69 (cp.Dhs.1095,where o.is one of the many names of <i>taṇhā</i>,craving,thirst).In the popular old riddle at S.I,3 and Th.1,15,633 (included also in the Dhp.Anthology,370) the “flood” is 15 states of mind (the 5 bonds which impede a man on his entrance upon the Aryan Path,the 5 which impede him in his progress towards the end of the Path,and 5 other bonds:lust,ill-temper,stupidity,conceit,and vain speculation).Five <i>Oghas</i> referred to at S.I,126 are possibly these last.Sn.945 says that the flood is <i>gedha</i> greed,and the <i>avijjogha</i> of Pug.21 may perhaps belong here.As means of crossing the flood we have the Path S.I,193 (°assa nittharaṇatthaṃ); IV,257; V,59; It III (°assa nittharanatthāya); faith S.I,214 = Sn.184 = Miln.36; mindfulness S.V,168,186; the island Dh.25; and the dyke Th.1,7 = Sn.4 (cp.D.II,89).3.Towards the close of the Nikāya period we find,for the first time,the use of the word in the pl.,and the mention of 4 <i>Oghas</i> identical with the 4 <i>Āsavas</i> (mental Intoxicants).See D.III,230,276; S.IV,175,257; V,59,292,309; Nd<sup>1</sup> 57,159; Nd<sup>2</sup> 178.When the <i>oghas</i> had been thus grouped and classified in the livery,as it were,of a more popular simile,the older use of the word fell off,a tendency arose to think only of 4 oghas,and of these only as a name or phase of the 4 āsavas.So the Abhidhamma books (Dhs.1151; Vbh.25 sq.,43,65,77,129; Comp.Phil.171).The Netti follows this (31,114--24).Grouped in comb<sup>n.</sup> āsavagantha-ogha-yoga-agati-taṇh’upādāna at Vism.211.The later history of the word has yet to be investigated.But it may be already stated that the 5<sup>th</sup> cent.commentators persist in the error of explaining the old word ogha,used in the singular,as referring to the 4 Āsavas; and they extend the old simile in other ways.Dhammapāla of Kāñcipura twice uses the word in the sense of flood of water (VvA.48,110,see above 1).<br><br> <i>--âtiga</i> one who has overcome the flood Sn.1096 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 180).<i>--tiṇṇa</i> id.S.I,3,142; Sn.178,823,1082,1101,1145; Dh.370 (= cattāro oghe tiṇṇa DhA.IV,109); Vv 64<sup>28</sup> (= catunnaṃ oghānaṃ saṃsāra-mah’oghassa taritattā o.VvA.284); 82<sup>7</sup>; Nd<sup>1</sup> 159; Nd<sup>2</sup> 179.(Page 164),4,1
  7933. 315671,en,15,oghana,oghana,Oghana,Oghana,(nt.) watering,flooding (?) M.I,306 (v.l.ogha).(Page 165),6,1
  7934. 315675,en,15,oghaniya,oghaniya,Oghaniya,Oghaniya,(adj.) [fr.ogha(na)] that which can be engulfed by floods (metaph.) Dhs.584 (cp.Dhs.trsl.308); Vbh.12,25 &#38; passim; DhsA.49.(Page 165),8,1
  7935. 315693,en,15,ogilati,ogilati,Ogilati,Ogilati,[o + gilati] to swallow down (opp.uggilati) M.I.393 (inf.ogilituṃ) Miln.5 (id.).(Page 164),7,1
  7936. 315701,en,15,ogumpheti,ogumpheti,Ogumpheti,Ogumpheti,[ava + denom.of gumpha garland] to string together,wind round,adorn with wreaths,cover,dress Vin.I,194 (Pass.ogumphiyanti; vv.ll.ogumbhiyanti,ogubbiy°,ogummīy°,okumpiy°); II,142 (ogumphetvā).(Page 164),9,1
  7937. 315711,en,15,oguntheti,oguṇṭheti,Oguṇṭheti,Oguṇṭheti,[o + guṇṭheti] to cover,veil over,hide S.IV,122 (ger.oguṇṭhitvā sīsaṃ,perhaps better read as oguṇṭhitā; v.l.SS.okuṇṭhitū).-- pp.<i>oguṇṭhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 164),9,1
  7938. 315716,en,15,ogunthita,oguṇṭhita,Oguṇṭhita,Oguṇṭhita,[pp.of oguṇṭheti,cp.BSk.avaguṇṭhita,e.g.Jtm 30] covered or dressed (with) Vin.II,207; PvA.86 (v.l.okuṇṭhita).(Page 164),9,1
  7939. 315721,en,15,ohana,ohana,Ohana,Ohana,only in cpd.Bimb’ohana,see under <i>bimba</i>.(Page 172),5,1
  7940. 315723,en,15,ohanati,ohanati,Ohanati,Ohanati,[ava + <em>han</em>,but prob.a new formation from Pass.avahīyati of <em>hā</em>,taking it to <em>han</em> instead of the latter] to defecate,to empty the bowels PvA.268 (+ osajjati).(Page 172),7,1
  7941. 315727,en,15,ohara,ohāra,Ohāra,Ohāra,see avahāra &#38; cp.<i> vohāra</i>.<i> </i> (Page 172),5,1
  7942. 315729,en,15,oharana,oharaṇa,Oharaṇa,Oharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.oharati] lit.“taking away”,leading astray,side-track,deviating path J.VI,525 (C.:gamana-magga).Cp.avaharaṇa.(Page 172),7,1
  7943. 315736,en,15,oharana,ohāraṇa,Ohāraṇa,Ohāraṇa,(nt.) [fr.ohāreti,cp.avaharaṇa] taking down,cutting off (hair) J.I,64 (kesa-massu°).(Page 172),7,1
  7944. 315745,en,15,oharati,oharati,Oharati,Oharati,[o + <em>hṛ</em> take] -- 1.to take away,take down,take off S.I,27 (ger.ohacca,v.l.ūhacca); Pv.II,6<sup>6</sup> (imper.ohara = ohārehi PvA.95); DhA.IV,56 (see ohārin).See also ava°.-- Caus.I.<i>ohāreti</i> (see avahārati); Caus.II.<i>oharāpeti</i> in meaning of oharati to take down,to cut or shave off (hair) J.VI,52 (kesamassuṃ); DhA.II,53 (cp.oropeti).-- pp.<i>avahaṭa</i>.(Page 172),7,1
  7945. 315750,en,15,ohareti,ohāreti,Ohāreti,Ohāreti,[Caus.of oharati] -- 1.to give up,leave behind,renounce (cp.ojahāti) Sn.64 (= oropeti Nd<sup>2</sup> 183).-- 2 to take down (see oharati 1) Vin.I,48; PvA.95.-- 3 to cut down,shave off (hair; see oharāpeti under oharati) It.75 (kesamassuṃ hair &#38; beard,v.l.ohāyāpetvā); Pug.56 (id.).(Page 172),7,1
  7946. 315760,en,15,oharin,ohārin,Ohārin,Ohārin,(adj.-n.) [fr.avaharati] dragging down,weighty,heavy Dh.346 (= avaharati heṭṭhā haratī ti DhA.IV,56).(Page 172),6,1
  7947. 315769,en,15,ohaya,ohāya,Ohāya,Ohāya,ger.of <i>ojahāti</i>.(Page 172),5,1
  7948. 315776,en,15,ohilana,ohīḷanā,Ohīḷanā,Ohīḷanā,(f.) [ava + hīḷanā,of <em>hīḍ</em>] scorning,scornfulness Vbh.353 (+ ohīḷattaṃ).(Page 172),7,1
  7949. 315786,en,15,ohina,ohīna,Ohīna,Ohīna,[pp.of ojahāti] having left behind J.IV,432 (gaṇaṃ).(Page 172),5,1
  7950. 315794,en,15,ohita,ohita,Ohita,Ohita,[pp.of odahati; BSk.avahita (Jtm 210 e.g.) as well as apahita (Lal.V.552 e.g.)] -- 1.put down into,deposited Dh.150.-- 2.put down,laid down,taken off,relieved of,in phrase ohitabhāro (arahaṃ) (a Saint) who has laid down the burden:see arahatta III,C.; cp.°khandhabhāra DhA.IV,168.-- 3.put down in,hidden,put away in (-°) Sn.1022 = (kos’ohita).-- 4.(fig.) put down to,applied to,in ohita-sota listening,attentive,intent upon (cp.sotaṃ odahati to listen) usually in phrase ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti; M.I,480; III,201; S.V,96; A.IV,391; Vism.300 (+ aṭṭhiṃ katvā).(Page 172),5,1
  7951. 315820,en,15,ohiyati,ohīyati,Ohīyati,Ohīyati,(ohiyyati) [ava + hīyati,Pass.of <em>ha</em>,see avajahāti] ‹-› 1.to be left behind,to stay behind J.V,340 (avahīyati = ohiyyati C.).-- 2.to stay behind,to fall out (in order to urinate or defecate); ger.ohīyitvā Vin.IV,229; DhA.II,21 (cp.ohanati).See also ohiyyaka.(Page 172),7,1
  7952. 315830,en,15,ohiyyaka,ohiyyaka,Ohiyyaka,Ohiyyaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.ohīyati,avahiyyati] one who is left behind (in the house as a guard) Vin.III,208; IV,94; S.I,185 (vihārapāla).(Page 172),8,1
  7953. 315844,en,15,oja,ojā,Ojā,Ojā,(f.) [Vedic ojas nt.,also BSk.oja nt.Divy 105; fr.<i>*aug</i> to increase,as in Lat.auges,augustus &#38; auxilium,Goth.aukan (augment),Ags.ēacian; cp.also Gr.a]έcw,Sk.ukṣati &#38; vakṣana increase] strength,but only in meaning of strength-giving,nutritive essence (appl<sup>d.</sup> to food) M.I,245; S.II,87; V,162 (dhamm’); A.III,396; J.I,68; Dhs.646,740,875; Miln.156; DhA.II,154 (paṭhav°).See also def.at Vism.450 (referring to kabaliṅkār’āhāra.The comp<sup>n.</sup> form is oja,e.g.ojadāna J.V,243; ojaṭṭhamaka (rūpa) Vism.341.(Page 165),3,1
  7954. 315854,en,15,ojahati,ojahāti,Ojahāti,Ojahāti,[o + jahati] to give up,leave,leave behind,renounce,ger.ohāya D.I,115 (ñāti-saṅghaṃ &#38; hirañña-suvaṇṇaṃ); M.II,166 (id.); J.V,340 (= chaḍḍetvā C.); PvA.93 (maṃ).‹-› Pass.<i>avahīyati </i>&<i> ohīyati</i>,pp.<i>ohīna</i> (q.v.).-- See also <i>ohanati</i>.(Page 165),7,1
  7955. 315865,en,15,ojavant,ojavant,Ojavant,Ojavant,(adj.) [fr.ojā; Vedic ojasvant in diff.meaning:powerful] possessing strengthening qualities,giving strength M.I,480; S.I,212 (so read for ovajaṃ; phrase ojavaṃ asecanakaṃ of Nibbāna,trsl<sup>d.</sup> “elixir”); Th.2,196 (id.= ojavantaṃ ThA.168); A.III,260 (an° of food,i.e.not nourishing DhA.I,106.(Page 165),7,1
  7956. 315867,en,15,ojavantata,ojavantatā,Ojavantatā,Ojavantatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ajavant] richness in sap,strength giving (nourishing) quality J.I,68 (of milk).(Page 165),10,1
  7957. 315872,en,15,ojinati,ojināti,Ojināti,Ojināti,[Sk.avajayati,ava + <i>ji</i>] to conquer,vanquish,subdue J.VI,222 (ojināmase).(Page 165),7,1
  7958. 315880,en,15,oka,oka,Oka,Oka,(nt.) [Vedic okas (nt.),fr.<em>uc</em> to like,thus orig.“comfort”,hence place of comfort,sheltered place,habitation.The indigenous interpretation connects oka partly with okāsa = fig.room (for rising),chance,occasion (thus Nd<sup>1</sup> 487 on Sn.966:see anoka; SnA 573 ibid.; SnA 547:see anoka; SnA 573 ibid.; SnA 547:see below),partly with udaka (as contraction):see below on Dh.34.Geiger (P.Gr.§ 20) considers oka to be a direct contraction of udaka (via *udaka,*utka,*ukka,*okka).The customary synomym for oka (both lit. &#38; fig.) is ālaya] resting place,shelter,resort; house,dwelling; fig.(this meaning according to later commentators prevailing in anoka,liking,fondness,attachment to (worldly things) S.III,9 = Sn.844 (okam pahāya; oka here is expl<sup>d.</sup> at SnA 547 by rūpa-vatth’ādi-viññaṇass’okāso); S.V,24 = A.V,232 = Dh.87 (okā anokam āgamma); Dh.34 (oka-m-okata ubbhato,i.e.oka-m-okato from this &#38; that abode,from all places,thus taken as okato,whereas Bdhgh.takes it as okasya okato and interprets the first oka as contracted form of udaka,water,which happens to fit in with the sense required at this passage,but is not warranted other‹-› wise except by Bdhgh’s quotation “okapuṇṇehi cīvarehī ti ettha udakaṃ”.This quot.is taken from Vin.I,253,which must be regarded as a corrupt passage cp.remarks of Bdhgh.on p.387:oghapuṇṇehī ti pi pāṭho.The rest of his interpretation at DhA.I,289 runs:“okaṃ okaṃ pahāya aniketa-sārī ti ettha ālayo,idha (i.e.at Dh.34) ubhayam pi labbhati okamokato udaka-saṅkhātā ālayā ti attho”,i.e.from the water’s abode.Bdhgh’’s expl<sup>n.</sup> is of course problematic); Dh.91 (okam okaṃ jahanti “they leave whatever shelter they have”,expl<sup>d.</sup> by ālaya DhA.II,170).<br><br> <i>--cara</i> (f.°carikā J.VI,416; °cārikā M.I,117) living in the house (said of animals),i.e.tame (cp.same etym.of “tame” = Lat.domus,domesticus).The passage M.I,117,118 has caused confusion by oka being taken as “water”.But from the context as well as from C.on J.VI,416 it is clear that here a tame animal is meant by means of which other wild ones are caught.The passage at M.I,117 runs “<i>odaheyya</i> okacaraṃ <i>ṭhapeyya</i> okacārikaṃ” i.e.he puts down a male decoy and places a female (to entice the others),opp.“<i>ūhaneyya</i> o.<i>nāseyya</i> o.” i.e.takes away the male &#38; kills the female.<i>--(ñ)jaha</i> giving up the house (and its comfort),renouncing (the world),giving up attachment Sn.1101 (= ālayaṃjahaṃ SnA 598; cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 176 with v.l.oghaṃjaha).<i>--anoka</i> houseless,homeless,comfortless,renouncing,free from attachment:see separately.(Page 162),3,1
  7959. 315887,en,15,okaddhati,okaḍḍhati,Okaḍḍhati,Okaḍḍhati,[o + kaḍḍhati] to drag away,remove Th.2,444.See also ava°.(Page 162),9,1
  7960. 315896,en,15,okampeti,okampeti,Okampeti,Okampeti,[o + Caus.of <em>kamp</em>] to shake,to wag,only in phrase <i>sīsaṃ okampeti</i> to shake one’s head M.I,108,171; S.I,118.(Page 163),8,1
  7961. 315905,en,15,okantati,okantati,Okantati,Okantati,(okkant°) [o + kantati,cp.also apakantati] to cut off,cut out,cut away,carve; pres.<i>okantati</i> M.I,129; Pv III,10<sup>2</sup> (= ava° PvA.213); ger.<i>okantitvā</i> J.I,154 (migaṃ o.after carving the deer); PvA.192 (piṭṭhi‹-› maṃsāni), &#38; <i>okacca</i> J.IV,210 (T.okkacca,v.l.BB ukk°; C.expl<sup>s.</sup> by okkantitvā).-- pp.<i>avakanta </i>&<i> avakantita</i>.ś (Page 162),8,1
  7962. 315911,en,15,okappana,okappanā,Okappanā,Okappanā,(f.) [o + kappanā] fixing one’s mind (on),settling in,putting (trust) in,confidence Dhs.12,25,96,288; Nett 15,19,28; Vbh.170.(Page 163),8,1
  7963. 315924,en,15,okappati,okappati,Okappati,Okappati,[o + kappati] to preface,arrange,make ready,settle on,feel confident,put (trust) in Vin.IV,4; Ps.II,19 (= saddahati ibid.21); Miln.150,234; DA.I,243.(Page 163),8,1
  7964. 315930,en,15,okappeti,okappeti,Okappeti,Okappeti,[o + kappeti] to fix one’s mind on,to put one’s trust in M.I,11; Miln.234 (okappessati).(Page 163),8,1
  7965. 315937,en,15,okara,okāra,Okāra,Okāra,[o + kāra fr.karoti,BSk.okāra,e.g.M Vastu III,357] only in stock phrase kāmānaṃ ādīnavo okāro saṅkileso D.I,110,148 (= lāmaka-bhāva DA.I,277); M.I,115,379,405 sq.; II,145; A.IV,186; Nett 42 (v.l.vokāra); DhA.I,6,67.The exact meaning is uncertain.Etymologically it would be degradation.But Bdhgh.prefers folly,vanity,and this suits the context better.(Page 163),5,1
  7966. 315948,en,15,okasa,okāsa,Okāsa,Okāsa,[ava + <em>kāś</em> to shine] -- 1.lit.“visibility”,(visible) space as geometrical term,open space,atmosphere,air as space D.I,34 (ananto okāso); Vism.184 (with disā &#38; pariccheda),243 (id.); PvA.14 (okāsaṃ pharitvā permeating the atmosphere).This meaning is more pronounced in <i>ākāsa</i>.-- 2.“visibility”,i.e.appearance,as adj.looking like,appearing.This meaning closely resembles &#38; often passes over into meaning 3,e.g.katokāsa kamma when the k.makes its appearance = when its chance or opportunity arises PvA.63; okāsaṃ deti to give one’s appearance,i.e.to let any one see,to be seen by (Dat.) PvA.19.-- 3.occasion,chance,opportunity,permission,consent,leave A.I,253; IV,449; J.IV,413 (vātassa o.natthi the wind has no access); SnA 547.-- In this meaning freq.in comb<sup>n.</sup> with foll.verbs:(a) okāsaṃ karoti to give permission,to admit,allow; to give a chance or opportunity,freq.with pañhassa veyyā-karaṇāya (to ask a question),e.g.D.I,51,205; M.II,142; S IV 57.‹-› Vin.I,114,170; Nd<sup>1</sup> 487; PvA.222.-- Caus.°ṃ karoti Vin.II,5,6,276; Caus.II.°ṃ kārāpeti Vin.I,114,170.‹-› katokāsa given permission (to speak),admitted in audience,granted leave Sn.1031; VvA.65 (raññā); anokāsakata without having got permission Vin.I,114.-- (b) okāsaṃ <i>yācati</i> to ask permission M.II,123.-- (c) okāsaṃ <i>deti</i> to give permission,to consent,give room J.II,3; VvA.138.‹-› (d) with <i>bhū:</i> anokāsa-bhāva want of opportunity Sdhp.15; anokāsa-bhūta not giving (lit.becoming) an opportunity SnA 573.Elliptically for o.detha Yogāvacara’s Man.4 etc.<br><br> <i>--âdhigama</i> finding an opportunity D.II,214 sq.; A.IV,449.<i>--kamma</i> giving opportunity or permission Sn.p.94 (°kata allowed); Pv IV.1<sup>11</sup> (°ṃ karoti to give permission).<i>--matta</i> permission Sn.p.94.<i>--loka</i> the visible world (= manussa-loka) Vism.205; VvA.29.(Page 163),5,1
  7967. 315968,en,15,okasati,okāsati,Okāsati,Okāsati,[ava + <em>kāś</em>] to be visible; Caus.<i>okāseti</i> to make visible,let appear,show S.IV,290.(Page 163),7,1
  7968. 315974,en,15,okassati,okassati,Okassati,Okassati,[o + kassati,see also apakassati &#38; avakaḍḍhati] to drag down,draw or pull away,distract,remove.Only in ger.<i>okassa</i>,always comb<sup>d.</sup> with pasayha “removing by force” D.II,74 (T.okk°); A.IV,16 (T.okk°,v.l.ok°),65 (id.); Miln.210.Also in Caus.<i>okasseti</i> to pull out,draw out Th.2,116 (vaṭṭiṃ = dīpavaṭṭiṃ ākaḍḍheti ThA.117).[MSS.often spell <i>okk°</i>].(Page 163),8,1
  7969. 315980,en,15,okilini,okilinī,Okilinī,Okilinī,see <i>okiraṇa</i>.(Page 163),7,1
  7970. 315986,en,15,okinna,okiṇṇa,Okiṇṇa,Okiṇṇa,[pp.of okirati; BSk.avakīrṇa Divy 282; Jtm 31<sup>92</sup>] strewn over,beset by,covered with,full of J.V,74,370; PvA.86,189 (= otata of Pv III,3<sup>3</sup>).(Page 163),6,1
  7971. 315992,en,15,okirana,okiraṇa,Okiraṇa,Okiraṇa,[o + kiraṇa] casting out (see the later avakirati<sup>2</sup>),only as adj.-f.<i>okirinī (okilinī</i> through dialect.variation) a cast-out woman (cast-out on acct of some cutaneous disease),in double comb<sup>n.</sup> okilinī okirinī (perhaps only the latter should be written) Vin.III,107 = S.II,260 (in play of words with avakirati<sup>1</sup>).Bdhgh’s allegorical expl<sup>n.</sup> at Vin.III,273 puts okilinī = kilinnasarīrā,okiriṇī = aṅgāraparikiṇṇa.Cp.kirāta.(Page 163),7,1
  7972. 316005,en,15,okirati,okirati,Okirati,Okirati,[o + kirati] -- 1.to pour down on,pour out over M.I,79; aor.okiri Vin.III,107 = S.II,260; Pv.II,3<sup>8</sup>; PvA.82.-- 2.to cast-out,reject,throw out:see <i>okiraṇa</i>.‹-› pp.<i>okiṇṇa</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.II.<i>okirāpeti</i> to cause to pour out or to sprinkle over Vism.74 (vālikaṃ).(Page 163),7,1
  7973. 316022,en,15,okkala,okkala,Okkala,Okkala,see <i>ukkala</i>.(Page 163),6,1
  7974. 316030,en,15,okkamana,okkamana,Okkamana,Okkamana,(nt.) [fr.okkamati] entering into,approaching,reaching M.III,6; A.III,108 (entering the path); also in phrase nibbānassa okkamanāya A.IV,111 sq.,cp.230 sq.(Page 163),8,1
  7975. 316046,en,15,okkamati,okkamati,Okkamati,Okkamati,[o + kamati fr.<em>kram</em>] lit.to enter,go down into,fall into.fig.to come on,to develop,to appear in (of a subjective state).It is strange that this important word has been so much misunderstood,for the English idiom is the same.We say “he went to sleep” ,without meaning that he went anywhere.So we may twist it round and say that “sleep overcame him” ,without meaning any struggle.The two phrases mean exactly the same ‹-› an internal change,or developement,culminating in sleep.So in Pali <i>niddā okkami</i> sleep fell upon him,Vin.I,15; <i>niddaṃ okkami</i> he fell on sleep,asleep,DhA.I,9; PvA.47.At It.76 we hear that a dullness developed (dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkami) on the body of a god,he lost his radiance.At D.II,12; M.III,119 a god,on his rebirth,entered his new mother’s womb (kucchiṃ okkami).At D II 63 occurs the question “if consciousness were not to develop in the womb?” (viññāṇaṃ na okkamissatha) S.V,283 “abiding in the sense of bliss” (sukha-saññaṃ okkamitvā).See also Pug.13 = 28 (niyāma okk°,“he enters on the Path” ).‹-› Caus.<i>okkāmeti</i> to make enter,to bring to S.IV,312 (saggaṃ).-- pp.<i>okkanta</i>.See also avakkamati.(Page 163),8,1
  7976. 316061,en,15,okkandika,okkandika,Okkandika,Okkandika,[<em>kand</em> or <em>kram</em>?] at J.II,448 is doubtful,v.l.<i>okkantika</i>.It is used adverbially:<i>okkandikaṃ kīḷati</i> to sport (loudly or joyfully).C.expl<sup>ns.</sup> as “migo viya okkandi-katvā kīḷati”; in the way of roaring(?) or frisking about(?),like a deer.(Page 163),9,1
  7977. 316067,en,15,okkanta,okkanta,Okkanta,Okkanta,[pp.of okkamati] coming on,approaching,taking place D.II,12; Miln.299 (middhe okkante).See also avakkanta S.II,174; III,46.(Page 163),7,1
  7978. 316079,en,15,okkanti,okkanti,Okkanti,Okkanti,(f.) [fr.okkamati] entry (lit.descent),appearance,coming to be.Usually in stock phrase <i>jāṭi sañjāti o</i>.<i> nibbatti</i> M.III,249; S.II,3; III,225; Nd<sup>2</sup> 257; Pug.A 184.Also in gabbh° entry into the womb DA.I,130.(Page 163),7,1
  7979. 316087,en,15,okkantika,okkantika,Okkantika,Okkantika,(adj.) [fr.okkanti] coming into existence again and again,recurring.Only as epithet of pīti,joy.The opposite is khaṇika,momentary Vism.143 = DhsA.115 (Expositor 153 trsl<sup>s.</sup> “flooding”).(Page 163),9,1
  7980. 316093,en,15,okkassa,okkassa,Okkassa,Okkassa,see okassati.(Page 164),7,1
  7981. 316106,en,15,okkhayati,okkhāyati,Okkhāyati,Okkhāyati,[ava + khāyati,corresp.to Sk.kṣeti fr.<em>kṣi</em> to lie] to lie low,to be restrained (in this sense evidently confounded with avakkhipati) S.IV,144 sq.(cakkhuṃ etc.okkhāyati).(Page 164),9,1
  7982. 316110,en,15,okkhayika,okkhāyika,Okkhāyika,Okkhāyika,(adj.) [fr.ava + khāyin fr.<em>kṣi</em>,cp.avakkhāyati; Kern,Toev.s.v.suggests relation to BSk.avakhāta of <i>khan</i>,and compares Lal.V.319] low-lying,deep,remote,only in one phrase,viz.udaka-tarakā gambhīragatā okkhāyikā M.I,80,245.(Page 164),9,1
  7983. 316117,en,15,okkhipati,okkhipati,Okkhipati,Okkhipati,[ava + khipati; Sk.avakṣipati] to throw down or out,cast down,drop; fig.usually appl<sup>d.</sup> to the eyes = cast down,hence transferred to the other senses and used in meaning “keep under,restrain,to have control over” (cp.also avakkhāyati); aor.°khipi A.IV,264 (indriyāni); ger.°khipitvā Vin.IV,18 (id.).-- pp.<i>avakkhitta </i>&<i> okkhitta</i> (q.v.).(Page 164),9,1
  7984. 316124,en,15,okkhita,okkhita,Okkhita,Okkhita,[pp.of ava + ukkhati,Sk.avokṣita,fr.<em>ukṣ</em> to sprinkle] besprinkled,bestrewn with (-°) Th.2,145 (candan° = candanânulitta ThA.137); J.V,72 (so in v.l.T.reads okkita; C.expl<sup>ns.</sup> by okiṇṇa parikkita parivārita).(Page 164),7,1
  7985. 316131,en,15,okkhitta,okkhitta,Okkhitta,Okkhitta,[pp.of okkhipati] thrown down,flung down,cast down,dropped; thrown out,rejected; only in phrase <i>okkhitta-cakkhu</i>,with down-cast eyes,i.e.turning the eyes away from any objectionable sight which might impair the morale of the bhikkhu; thus meaning “with eyes under control”Sn.63,411,972; Nd<sup>1</sup> 498; Nd<sup>2</sup> 177; Pv IV.3<sup>44</sup> (v.l.ukkh°); VvA.6.-- For further use &#38; meaning,see <i>avakkhitta</i>.(Page 164),8,1
  7986. 316142,en,15,okotimaka,okoṭimaka,Okoṭimaka,Okoṭimaka,(adj.) [o + koṭi + mant + ka.Ava in BSk.,in formula durvarṇa durdarśana avakoṭimaka Sp.Av.Ś I.280.Kern (note on above passage) problematically refers it to Sk.avakūṭara = vairūpya (Pāṇini V.2,30).The Commentary on S.I,237 expl<sup>ns.</sup> by mahodara (fat-bellied) as well as lakuṇṭaka (dwarf); Pug.A 227 expl<sup>s.</sup> by lakuṇṭaka only] lit.“having the top lowered”,with the head squashed in or down,i.e.of compressed &#38; bulging out stature; misshapen,deformed,of ugly shape (Mrs.Rh.D.trsl<sup>s</sup> hunchback at S.I,94,pot-bellied at S.I,237; Warren,Buddhism p.426 trsl<sup>s.</sup> decrepit).It occurs only in one stock phrase,viz.<i>dubbaṇṇa dud-das(s)ika okoṭimaka</i> “of bad complexion,of ugly appearance and dwarfed” at Vin.II,90 = S.I,94 = A.I,107 = II.85 = III,285 sq.= Pug.51.The same also at M.III,169; S.I,237; II,279; Ud.76.(Page 163),9,1
  7987. 316151,en,15,olagga,olagga,Olagga,Olagga,[Sk.avalagna,pp.of avalagati] restrained,checked Th.1,356 (Page 170),6,1
  7988. 316160,en,15,olaggeti,olaggeti,Olaggeti,Olaggeti,[Caus.of o + <em>lag</em>] to make stick to,to put on,hold fast,restrain M.II,178; A.III,384 (vv.ll.oloketi,olabheti,oketi); Th.1,355.(Page 170),8,1
  7989. 316170,en,15,olamba,olamba,Olamba,Olamba,(adj.) [fr.ava + <em>lamb</em>] hanging down Vin.III,49; J.IV,380 (°vilamba).(Page 170),6,1
  7990. 316176,en,15,olambaka,olambaka,Olambaka,Olambaka,(adj.-n.) [see <i>olambati</i>] -- 1.(adj.) hanging down VvA.32 (°dāma).-- 2.(n.) (a) support,walking stick J.IV,40 (hatth°).-- (b) plumb-line J.VI,392.(Page 170),8,1
  7991. 316191,en,15,olambanaka,olambanaka,Olambanaka,Olambanaka,[fr.olambati] an armchair,lit.a chair with supports Vin.II,142.(Page 170),10,1
  7992. 316198,en,15,olambati,olambati,Olambati,Olambati, &#38; avalambati [ava + <em>lamb</em>] to hang down,hang on,to be supported by,rest on.The form in o is the older.Pres.avalambare Pv.II,1<sup>18</sup> (= olambamānā tiṭṭhanti PvA.77); II,10<sup>2</sup> (= olambanti PvA.142); olambati M.III,164 (+ ajjholambati); J.I,194; PvA.46.-- ger.<i>avalamba</i> (for °bya) Pv III,3<sup>5</sup> (= olambitva PvA.189) &#38; <i>olambetvā</i> J.III,218.See also <i>olubbha</i>.(Page 170),8,1
  7993. 316220,en,15,olanghana,olaṅghanā,Olaṅghanā,Olaṅghanā,(f.) [fr.<i>olaṅgheti</i>] bending down Vin.III,121 (= heṭṭhā onamanā).(Page 170),9,1
  7994. 316222,en,15,olangheti,olaṅgheti,Olaṅgheti,Olaṅgheti,[Caus.of ava + <em>laṅgh</em>] to make jump down,in phrase <i>ullaṅgheti olaṅgheti</i> to make dance up &#38; down J.V,434 = DhA.IV,197 (the latter has T.ullaggheti ol°; but v.l.ullaṅgheti ol°).(Page 170),9,1
  7995. 316224,en,15,olara,oḷāra,Oḷāra,Oḷāra,at PvA.110 is with v.l.BB to be read <i>uḷāra</i>.(Page 170),5,1
  7996. 316233,en,15,olarika,oḷārika,Oḷārika,Oḷārika,(adj.) [fr.uḷāra] gross,coarse,material,ample (see on term Dhs.trsl.208 &#38; Cpd.159 n.4) D.I,37,186 sq.(attā) 195,197,199; M.I,48,139,247; II,230; III,16,299; S.II,275 (vihāra); III,47 (opp.sukhuma); IV,382 (id.); V,259 sq.; A.IV,309 sq.(nimittaṃ obhāso); J.I,67; Dhs.585,675,889; Vbh.1,13,379; Vism.155 (°aṅga),274 sq.(with ref.to breathing),450.(Page 170),7,1
  7997. 316243,en,15,oligalla,oligalla,Oligalla,Oligalla,[of unknown etym.:prob.Non-Aryan,cp.BSk.oḍigalla Saddh.P.chap.VI,] a dirty pool near a village M.III,168; S.V,361; A.I,161; III,389; Miln.220; Vism.343.(Page 170),8,1
  7998. 316254,en,15,olikhati,olikhati,Olikhati,Olikhati,[o + <i>likh</i>,cp.Sk.apalikhati] to scrape off,cut off,shave off (hair) A.III,295 (veṇiṃ olikhituṃ); Th.1,169 (kese olikhissaṃ); 2,88.(Page 170),8,1
  7999. 316271,en,15,olina,olīna,Olīna,Olīna,[pp.of oliyate] adhering,sticking or clinging to (worldliness),infatuated M.I,200 (°vuttika); J.VI,569 (anolīna-mānasa); Vbh.350 (°vuttikā); Miln.393 (an°).(Page 170),5,1
  8000. 316285,en,15,oliyana,olīyanā,Olīyanā,Olīyanā,[fr.oliyati] adhering,infatuation Ps.I,157; Dhs.1156,1236.(Page 170),7,1
  8001. 316288,en,15,oliyati,oliyati,Oliyati,Oliyati,[o + līyate from <em>lī</em>] to stick,stick fast,adhere,cling to It.43; Nett 174.-- pp.<i>olīna</i> (see avalīna).(Page 170),7,1
  8002. 316303,en,15,olokana,olokana,Olokana,Olokana,(nt.) [see oloketi] looking,looking at,sight Sdhp.479 (mukhass’).(Page 170),7,1
  8003. 316310,en,15,olokanaka,olokanaka,Olokanaka,Olokanaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.oloketi] window Vin.II,267 (olokanakena olokenti,adv.).(Page 170),9,1
  8004. 316328,en,15,oloketi,oloketi,Oloketi,Oloketi,[BSk.avalokayati or apaloketi] to look at,to look down or over to,to examine,contemplate,inspect,consider J.I,85,108 (nakkhattaṃ); Pv.II,9<sup>64</sup>; DhA.I,10,12,25,26; II,96 (v.l.for T.voloketi); III,296; PvA.4,5,74,124.(Page 170),7,1
  8005. 316354,en,15,olubbha,olubbha,Olubbha,Olubbha,[assimil.form of olumbha which in all likelihood for olambya,ger.of olambati.The form presents difficulties.See also Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,156] holding on to,leaning on,supporting oneself by (with Acc.); most frequently in phrase <i>daṇḍaṃ olubbha</i> leaning on a stick,e.g.M.I,108 (= daṇḍaṃ olambitvā C.; see M I 539); A.III,298; Th.2,27 (= ālambitvā); VvA.105.In other connections:S.I,118; III,129; J.I,265 (āvāṭa-mukha-vaṭṭiyaṃ); VI,40 (hatthe); DhA.II,57 (passaṃ; gloss olambi); VvA.217,219.(Page 170),7,1
  8006. 316363,en,15,olugga,olugga,Olugga,Olugga,[pp.of olujjati] breaking off,falling to pieces,rotting away M.I,80,245 (olugga-vilugga),450 (id.); Vism.107 (id.).(Page 170),6,1
  8007. 316370,en,15,olujjati,olujjati,Olujjati,Olujjati,[Sk.avarujyate,Pass.of ava + <em>ruj</em>] to break off,go to wreck,fall away S.II,218 (v.l.ull°).-- pp.<i>olugga</i>.(Page 170),8,1
  8008. 316374,en,15,olumpeti,olumpeti,Olumpeti,Olumpeti,[o + Caus.of <em>lup</em>] to strip off,seize,pick,pluck Vin.I,278 (bhesajjan olumpetvā,vv.ll.ulumpetvā,oḷump°,odametvā).(Page 170),8,1
  8009. 316377,en,15,olumpika,oḷumpika,Oḷumpika,Oḷumpika,(adj.) [Deriv.unknown,BSk.olumpika and oḍumpika M Vastu III,113,443.In the Śvet-Upan.we find the form <i>uḍupa</i> a skiff.] Sen.Kacc 390 belonging to a skiff (no ref.in Pāli Canon?); cp.BSk.olumpika M Vastu III,113 &#38; oḍumpika ibid.443.(Page 171),8,1
  8010. 316385,en,15,oma,oma,Oma,Oma,(adj.) [Vedic avama,superl.formation fr.ava] lower (in position &#38; rank),inferior,low; pl.omā A.III,359 (in contrast with ussā superiors); Sn.860 (ussā samā omā superiors,equals,inferiors),954; SnA 347 (= paritta lāmaka).-- More freq.in neg.form <i>anoma</i> not inferior,i.e.excellent.(Page 169),3,1
  8011. 316397,en,15,omaddati,omaddati,Omaddati,Omaddati,[o + maddati from <em>mṛd</em>,BSk.avamardati Jtm 31<sup>33</sup>] -- 1.to rub J.VI,262 (sarīraṃ omaddanto); Miln.220.-- 2.to crush,oppress M I 87 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 199<sup>6</sup> (abhivaggena); J.II,95.(Page 169),8,1
  8012. 316405,en,15,omaka,omaka,Omaka,Omaka,(adj.) [oma + ka] lower in rank,inferior; low,insignificant Nd<sup>1</sup> 306 (appaka +); J.II,142; DhA.I,203.(Page 169),5,1
  8013. 316417,en,15,omana,omāna,Omāna,Omāna,<sup>2</sup> [at J.II,443 we read <i>ucce sakuṇa omāna</i> meaning “Oh bird,flying high” .With the present material we see no satisfactory solution of this puzzle.There is a Burmese correction which is at variance with the commentary] “flying”,the v.l.BB is <i>ḍemāna</i> (fr.<em>ḍī</em>).C.expl<sup>ns.</sup> by caramāna gacchamāna.Müller,P.Gr.99 proposes to read ḍemāna for omāna.(Page 169),5,1
  8014. 316418,en,15,omana,omāna,Omāna,Omāna,<sup>1</sup> [fr.o + <em>man</em>,think.The Sk.avamāna is later] disregard,disrespect,contempt DhA.II,52 (+ atimāna).Cp.foll. &#38; see also <i>avamāna</i>.(Page 169),5,1
  8015. 316431,en,15,omasana,omasanā,Omasanā,Omasanā,(f.) [fr.omasati] touching,touch Vin.III,121 (= heṭṭhā oropanā).(Page 169),7,1
  8016. 316439,en,15,omasati,omasati,Omasati,Omasati,[o + mas = Sk.<em>mṛṣ</em>] -- 1.(lit.) to touch J.V,446.-- 2.(fig.) to touch a person,to reproach,insult Vin.IV,4 sq.-- pp.<i>omaṭṭha</i>.(Page 169),7,1
  8017. 316455,en,15,omattha,omaṭṭha,Omaṭṭha,Omaṭṭha,[pp.of omasati] touched S.I,13 = 53 = Th.1,39.(Page 169),7,1
  8018. 316462,en,15,omissaka,omissaka,Omissaka,Omissaka,(adj.) [o + missaka] mixed,miscellaneous,various J.V,37; VI,224 (°parisā).Cp.vo°.(Page 169),8,1
  8019. 316469,en,15,omukka,omukka,Omukka,Omukka,(adj.) [fr.+ <em>muc</em>] cast off,second hand Vin.I,187.(Page 169),6,1
  8020. 316478,en,15,omuncati,omuñcati,Omuñcati,Omuñcati,[o + <em>muc</em>] to take off,loosen,release; unfasten,undo,doff D.I,126 (veṭhanaṃ as form of salute); J.II,326; VI,73 (sāṭakaṃ); Vism.338; PvA.63 (tacaṃ); VvA.75 (ābhāraṇāni).-- Caus.<i>omuñcāpeti</i> to cause to take off Vin.I,273.-- pp.<i>omutta</i>.(Page 169),8,1
  8021. 316488,en,15,omutta,omutta,Omutta,Omutta,[pp.of omuñcati] released,freed,discharged,taken off It.56 (read omutt’assa Mārapāso for T.omukkassa m.).(Page 169),6,1
  8022. 316497,en,15,omutteti,omutteti,Omutteti,Omutteti,[Sk.avamūtrayati,denom.fr.mūtra,urine] to discharge urine,pass water M.I,79,127.(Page 169),8,1
  8023. 316505,en,15,onaddha,onaddha,Onaddha,Onaddha,[pp.of onandhati] bound,tied; put over,covered Vin.II,150,270 sq.(°mañca,°pīṭha); M.II,64; Dh.146 (andhakārena); Sdhp.182.See also <i>onayhati</i>.(Page 167),7,1
  8024. 316519,en,15,onaha,onāha,Onāha,Onāha,[fr.ava + <em>nah</em>,cp.onaddha &#38; onayhati] drawing over,covering,shrouding D.I,246 (spelt onaha); Miln.300; Dhs.1157 (= megho viya ākāsaṃ kāyaṃ onayhati).(Page 167),5,1
  8025. 316530,en,15,onamaka,onamaka,Onamaka,Onamaka,(adj.) [fr.onamati] bending down,stooping DhA.II,136 (an°).(Page 167),7,1
  8026. 316533,en,15,onamana,oṇamana,Oṇamana,Oṇamana,(nt.) [fr.oṇamati] bending down,inclining,bowing down to Miln.234.(Page 165),7,1
  8027. 316539,en,15,onamana,onamana,Onamana,Onamana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.onamati] in comp<sup>n.</sup> with <i>°unnamana</i> lowering &#38; raising,bending down &#38; up DhA.I,17.(Page 167),7,1
  8028. 316548,en,15,onamati,oṇamati,Oṇamati,Oṇamati,[o + namati] (Instr.) to incline,bend down to,bow to (Dat.) Miln.220,234 (oṇamati &#38; oṇamissati),400; DA.I,112.Caus.<i>oṇāmeti</i> M.II,137 (kāyaṃ).-- pp.<i>oṇata</i> &#38; Caus.<i>oṇamita</i>.(Page 165),7,1
  8029. 316557,en,15,onamati,onamati,Onamati,Onamati,[o + namati] to bend down (Instr.),stoop D.II,17 (anonamanto ppr.not bending); III,143 (id.); Vv 39<sup>3</sup> (onamitvā ger.).-- pp.<i>oṇata</i>.(Page 167),7,1
  8030. 316564,en,15,onamita,oṇamita,Oṇamita,Oṇamita,[pp.of oṇameti,Caus.of <em>nam</em>] having bowed down,bowing down Miln.234.(Page 165),7,1
  8031. 316576,en,15,onandhati,onandhati,Onandhati,Onandhati,[o + nandhati,a secondary pres.form constructed from naddha after bandhati › baddha; see also apiḷandhati] to bind,fasten; to cover up Vin.II,150 (inf.onandhituṃ); Miln.261.(Page 167),9,1
  8032. 316583,en,15,onata,oñāta,Oñāta,Oñāta,[pp.o + jānāti,see also avañāta] despised Miln.191,229,288.(Page 165),5,1
  8033. 316586,en,15,onata,oṇata,Oṇata,Oṇata,[pp.of oṇamati] bent down,low,inclined.Usually of social rank or grade,comb<sup>d.</sup> with &#38; opp.to <i>uṇṇata</i>,i.e.raised &#38; degraded,lofty and low A.II,86 = Pug.52 (= nīca lāmaka Pug.A 229); Pv IV.6<SUP>Q</SUP>; Miln.387; DA.I,45; PvA.29.(Page 165),5,1
  8034. 316605,en,15,onayhati,onayhati,Onayhati,Onayhati,[ava + nayhati] to tie down,to cover over,envelop,shroud DhsA.378 (megho ākāsaṃ o.) -- pp.<i>onaddha</i>.(Page 167),8,1
  8035. 316613,en,15,oni,oṇi,Oṇi,Oṇi,(m.or f.) [cp.Vedic oṇi charge,or a kind of Soma vessel] charge,only in cpd.<i>oṇi-rakkha</i> a keeper of entrusted wares,bailee Vin.III,47,53 (= āhaṭaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gopento).(Page 165),3,1
  8036. 316618,en,15,onita,oṇīta,Oṇīta,Oṇīta,see <i>onīta</i>.(Page 165),5,1
  8037. 316625,en,15,onita,onīta,Onīta,Onīta,[in form = Sk.avanīta,but semantically = apanīta.Thus also BSk.apanīta,pp.of apa + <i>nī</i>,see apaneti] only found in one ster.phrase,viz.<i>onīta-patta-pāṇi</i> “having removed (or removing) his hand from the bowl”,a phrase causing constructional difficulties &#38; sometimes taken in glosses as “onitta°” (fr.<i>nij</i>),i.e.having washed (bowl and hands after the meal).The C<sup>s.</sup> expl<sup>n.</sup> as onīto pattato pāṇi yeva,i.e.“the hand is taken away from the bowl”.The spelling is frequently oṇīta,probably through BB sources.See on term also Trenckner,Notes 66<sup>24</sup> &#38; cp.apa-nīta-pātra at M Vastu III,142.The expression is always comb<sup>d.</sup> with bhuttāvin “having eaten” and occurs very frequently,e.g.at Vin.II,147:D.I,109 (= DA.I,277,q.v.for the 2 expl<sup>ns.</sup> mentioned above M.II,50,93; S.V,384; A.II,63; Sn.p.111 (= pattato onītapāṇi,apanītahattha SnA 456); VvA.118; PvA.278. <i>Oneti</i>,prob.for <i>apaneti</i>,see <i>apaneti</i> &#38; pp.<i>onīta</i>.(Page 167),5,1
  8038. 316636,en,15,onojana,oṇojana,Oṇojana,Oṇojana,(nt.) [fr.oṇojeti,Sk.avanejana] washing off,cleaning,washing one’s hands Vin.II,31 (Bdhgh.refers it to fig.meaning onojeti<sup>2</sup> by explaining as “vissajjana” gift,presentation).(Page 165),7,1
  8039. 316647,en,15,onojeti,oṇojeti,Oṇojeti,Oṇojeti,(with vowel assimilation o ‹ e for oṇejeti = ava + nejeti,Sk.°nejayati fr.<i>nij</i>.Kern,Toev.II.138,complementary to remarks s.v.on p.5 expl<sup>ns.</sup> as assimil.onuj° ‹ onij°,like anu° BSk.ani° (ānisaṃsa ‹ ānuśaṃsā),the further process being onoj° for onuj°.The etym.remains however doubtful) -- 1.to cause to wash off,to wash,cleanse:see oṇojana.-- 2.(fig.) to give as a present,dedicate (with the rite of washing one’s hands,i.e.a clean gift) Vin.I,39; IV,156; A.IV,210 = 214 (oṇojesi aor.); Miln.236.(Page 165),7,1
  8040. 316652,en,15,onojeti,onojeti,Onojeti,Onojeti,see <i>oṇojeti</i>.(Page 167),7,1
  8041. 316663,en,15,opadhika,opadhika,Opadhika,Opadhika,(adj.) [fr.upadhi.BSk.after the P.,aupadhika Divy 542] forming a substratum for rebirth (always with ref.to puñña,merit).Not with Morris,J.P.T.S.1885,38 as “exceedingly great”; the correct interpretation is given by Dhpāla at VvA.154 as “atta-bhāva-janaka paṭisandhi-pavatti-vipāka-dāyaka”.-- S.I,233 = A.IV,292 = Vv 34<sup>21</sup>; It.20 (v.l.osadhika),78.(Page 168),8,1
  8042. 316670,en,15,opaguyha,opaguyha,Opaguyha,Opaguyha,see <i>opavayha</i>.(Page 167),8,1
  8043. 316676,en,15,opakkamika,opakkamika,Opakkamika,Opakkamika,(adj.) [fr.upakkama] characterising a sensation of pain:attacking suddenly,spasmodic,acute; always in connection with <i>ābādha</i> or <i>vedanā</i> M.I,92,241; S.IV,230 = A.II,87 = III,131 = V.110 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>IC</SUP> = Miln.112.(Page 167),10,1
  8044. 316683,en,15,opakkhin,opakkhin,Opakkhin,Opakkhin,(adj.) [o + pakkhin,adj.fr.pakkha wing,cp.similarly avapatta] “with wings off” i.e.having one’s wings clipped,powerless A.I,188 (°ṃ karoti to deprive of one’s wings or strength; so read for T.opapakkhiṃ karoti).(Page 167),8,1
  8045. 316684,en,15,opama,opama,Opama,Opama,at J.I,89 &#38; Sdhp.93 (anopama) stands for ūpama,which metri causā for upama.(Page 168),5,1
  8046. 316692,en,15,opamma,opamma,Opamma,Opamma,(nt.) [fr.upama; cp.Sk.aupamya] likeness,simile,comparison,metaphor M.I,378; Vin.V,164; Miln.1,70,330; Vism.117,622; ThA.290.(Page 168),6,1
  8047. 316708,en,15,opana,opāna,Opāna,Opāna,(nt.) [o + pāna fr.pivati.Vedic avapāna.The P.Commentators however take o as a contracted form of udaka,e.g.Bdhgh.at DA.I,298 = udapāna].Only in phrase opāna-bhūta (adj.) a man who has become a welling spring as it were,for the satisfaction of all men’s wants; expl<sup>d.</sup> as “khata-pokkharaṇī viya hutvā” DA.I,298 = J.V,174.-- Vin.I,236; D.I,137; M.I,379; A.IV,185; Vv 65<sup>4</sup>; Pv IV.1<sup>60</sup>; J.III,142; IV,34; V,172; Vbh.247; Miln.411; Vism.18; VvA.286; DA.1177,298.(Page 168),5,1
  8048. 316720,en,15,opanayika,opanayika,Opanayika,Opanayika,(adj.) [fr.upaneti,upa + <em>nī</em>] leading to (Nibbāna) S.IV,41 sq.,272,339; V,343; A.I,158; II,198; D.III,5; Vism.217.(Page 168),9,1
  8049. 316726,en,15,opapaccayika,opapaccayika,Opapaccayika,Opapaccayika,(adj.) [= opapātika] having the characteristic of being born without parents,as deva Nett 28 (upādāna).(Page 168),12,1
  8050. 316728,en,15,opapakkhi,opapakkhi,Opapakkhi,Opapakkhi,in phrase °ṃ karoti at A.I,188 read opakkhiṃ karoti to deprive of one’s wings,to render powerless.(Page 168),9,1
  8051. 316738,en,15,opapatika,opapātika,Opapātika,Opapātika,(adj.) [fr.upapatti; the BSk.form is a curious distortion of the P.form,viz.aupapāduka Av.Ś II.89; Divy 300,627,649] arisen or reborn without visible cause (i.e.without parents),spontaneous rebirth (Kvu trsl.283<sup>2</sup>),apparitional rebirth (Cpd.165<sup>4</sup>,q.v.) D.I,27,55,156; III,132,230 (°yoni),265; M.I,34,73,287,401 sq.,436 sq,465 sq.; II,52; III,22,80,247; S.III,206,240 sq.,246 sq.; IV,348; V,346,357 sq.,406; A.I,232,245,269; II,5,89,186; IV,12,226,399,423 sq.; V,265 sq.,286 sq.,343 sq.; Pug.16,62,63; Vbh.412 sq.; Miln.267; Vism.552 sq.,559; DA.I,165,313.The C.on M.I,34 expl<sup>ns.</sup> by “sesa-yoni-paṭikkhepa-vacanaṃ etaṃ”.See also Pug.A 1,§ 40.(Page 168),9,1
  8052. 316745,en,15,opapatin,opapātin,Opapātin,Opapātin,(adj.) = opapātika,in phrase opapātiyā (for opapātiniyā?) iddhiyā at S.V,282 (so read for T.opapāti ha?) is doubtful reading &#38; perhaps best to be omitted altogether.(Page 168),8,1
  8053. 316749,en,15,oparajja,oparajja,Oparajja,Oparajja,viceroyalty is v.l.for uparajja.Thus at M.II,76; A.III,154.(Page 168),8,1
  8054. 316756,en,15,oparambha,opārambha,Opārambha,Opārambha,(adj.) [fr.upārambha] acting as a support,supporting,helpful M.II,113.(Page 168),9,1
  8055. 316762,en,15,opasamika,opasamika,Opasamika,Opasamika,(adj.) [fr.upa + sama + ika; cp.BSk.aupaśamika Av.Ś II.107; M Vastu II.41] leading to quiet,allaying,quieting; Ep.of Dhamma D.III,264 sq.; A.II,132.(Page 168),9,1
  8056. 316767,en,15,opasayika,opasāyika,Opasāyika,Opasāyika,(adj.) [fr.upasaya,upa +<em> śī</em>] being near at hand or at one’s bidding (?) M.I,328.(Page 168),9,1
  8057. 316776,en,15,opata,opāta,Opāta,Opāta,[o + pāta fr.patati to fall,Vedic avapāta] -- 1.falling or flying down,downfall,descent J.VI,561.-- 2.a pitfall J.I,143; DhA.IV,211.(Page 168),5,1
  8058. 316784,en,15,opatati,opatati,Opatati,Opatati,[o + <em>pat</em>] to fall or fly down (on),to fall over (w.Acc.) J.II,228 (lokāmisaṃ °anto); VI,561 (°itvā ger.); Miln.368,396.-- pp.<i>opatita</i>.(Page 168),7,1
  8059. 316790,en,15,opateti,opāṭeti,Opāṭeti,Opāṭeti,[ava + Caus.of paṭ,Sk.avapāṭayati] to tear asunder,unravel,open Vin.II,150 (chaviṃ opāṭetvā).(Page 168),7,1
  8060. 316797,en,15,opateti,opāteti,Opāteti,Opāteti,[o + Caus.of pat] to make fall,to destroy (cp.atipāteti),i.e.1.to break,to interrupt,in kathaṃ opāteti to interrupt a conversation M.II,10,122,168; A.III,137,392 sq.; Sn.p.107.-- 2.to drop,to omit (a syllable) Vin.IV,15.(Page 168),7,1
  8061. 316801,en,15,opatita,opatita,Opatita,Opatita,[pp.of opatati] falling (down) PvA.29 (udaka; v.l.ovuḷhita,opalahita; context rcads at PvA.29 mahāsobbhehi opatitena udakena,but id.p.at KhA 213 reads mahāsobbha-sannipātehi).(Page 168),7,1
  8062. 316808,en,15,opatta,opatta,Opatta,Opatta,(adj.) [o + patta,Sk.avapattra] with leaves fallen off,leafless (of trees) J.III,495 (opatta = avapatta nippatta patita-patta C.).(Page 168),6,1
  8063. 316815,en,15,opavayha,opavayha,Opavayha,Opavayha,(adj.n.) [fr.upavayha,grd.of upavahati] fit for riding,suitable as conveyance,state-elephant (of the elephant of the king) S.V,351 = Nett 136 (v.l.opaguyha; C.expl<sup>ns.</sup> by ārohana-yogga); J.II,20 (SS opavuyha); IV,91 (v.l.°guyha); VI,488 (T.opavuyha,v.l.opaguyha; gajuttama opavayha = rāja-vāhana C.); DA.I,147 (ārohanayogga opavuyha,v.l.°guyha); VvA.316 (T.opaguyha to be corrected to °vayha).(Page 168),8,1
  8064. 316830,en,15,opeti,opeti,Opeti,Opeti,[unless we here deal with a very old misspelling for oseti we have to consider it a secondary derivation from opiya in Caus.sense,i e.Caus.fr.upa + i.Trenckner,Notes 77,78 offers an etym.of ā + vapati,thus opiya would be *āvupiya,a risky conclusion,which besides being discrepant in meaning (āvapati = to distribute) necessitates der.of opiya fr.opati (*āvapati) instead of vice versā.There is no other instance of *āva being contracted to o.Trenckner then puts opiya = ūpiya in tadūpiya (“conform with this”,see ta° I<sup>a</sup>),which is however a direct derivation from upa = upaka,upiya,of which a superl.formation is upamā (“likeness”).Trenckner’s expl<sup>n.</sup> of ūpiya as der.fr.ā + <em>vap</em> does not fit in with its meaning] to make go into (c.Loc.),to deposit,receive (syn.with osāpeti) S.I,236 (SA na ..pakkhipanti) = Th.2,283 = J.V,252 (T.upeti); in which Th.2,283 has <i>oseti</i> (ThA.216,with expl<sup>n.</sup> of oseti = ṭhapeti on p.219).-- aor.opi J.IV,457 (ukkhipi gloss); VI,185 (= pakkhipi gloss).‹-› ger.<i>opitvā</i> (opetvā?) J.IV,457 (gloss khipetvā).(Page 168),5,1
  8065. 316835,en,15,ophuta,ophuṭa,Ophuṭa,Ophuṭa,[a difficult,but legitimate form arisen out of analogy,fusing ava-vuta (= Sk.vṛta from <i>vṛ;</i> opp.*apāvuta = P.apāruta) and ava-phuṭa (Sk.sphuṭa from <em>sphuṭ</em>).We should probably read ovuta in all instances] covered,obstructed; always in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>āvuta nivuta ophuṭa</i> (oputa,ovuta) D.I,246 (T.ophuta,vv.ll.ophuṭa &#38; opuṭa); M.III,131 (T.ovuṭa); Nd<sup>1</sup> 24 ovuṭa,v.l.SS ophuṭa); Nd<sup>2</sup> 365 (ophuṭa,v.l.BB oputa; SS ovuta); DA.I,59 (oputa); SnA 596 (oputa = pariyo-naddha); Miln.161 (ovuta).(Page 169),6,1
  8066. 316845,en,15,opilapeti,opilāpeti,Opilāpeti,Opilāpeti,[Caus.of opilavati,cp.Sk.avaplāvayati] to immerse,to dip in or down,to drop (into = Loc.) Vin.I,157 = 225 = S.I,169 (C.:nimujjapeti,see K.S.318); M.I,207 = III,157; DhA.III,3 (°āpetvā; so read with vv.ll.for opīḷetvā); J.III,282.-- pp.opilāpita.(Page 168),9,1
  8067. 316850,en,15,opilapita,opilāpita,Opilāpita,Opilāpita,[pp.of opilāpeti] immersed into (Loc.),gutted with water,drenched J.I,212,214.(Page 168),9,1
  8068. 316855,en,15,opilavati,opilavati,Opilavati,Opilavati,[Sk.avaplavati,ava + plu] to be immersed,to sink down S.II,224.-- Caus.opilāpeti (see sep.).(Page 168),9,1
  8069. 316861,en,15,opileti,opīḷeti,Opīḷeti,Opīḷeti,in “bhattaṃ pacchiyaṃ opīḷetvā” at DhA.II,3 is with v.l.to be read opilāpetvā (gloss odahitvā),i.e.dropping the food into the basket.(Page 168),7,1
  8070. 316870,en,15,opiya,opiya,Opiya,Opiya,is metric for upiya [upa + ger.of <em>i</em>] undergoing,going into S.I,199 = Th.1,119 (nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiya; Mrs.Rh.D.trsl<sup>s.</sup> “suffering N.in thy heart to sink”,S A.hadayasmiṃ pakkhipitvā.(Page 168),5,1
  8071. 316883,en,15,opunati,opunāti,Opunāti,Opunāti,also as opuṇāti (Dh) [o + punāti fr.pū] to winnow,sift; fig.lay bare,expose Dh.252 (= bhusaṃ opuṇanto viya DhA.III,375); SnA 312.-- Caus.opunāpeti [cp.BSk.opunāpeti M Vastu III,178] to cause to sift A.I,242; J.I,447.(Page 168),7,1
  8072. 316886,en,15,opunchana,opuñchana,Opuñchana,Opuñchana,or Opuñjana (nt.) [fr.opuñjeti] heaping up,covering over; a heap,layer DhA.III,296.(Page 168),9,1
  8073. 316889,en,15,opunchati,opuñchati,Opuñchati,Opuñchati,is uncertain reading for opuñjeti.(Page 168),9,1
  8074. 316901,en,15,opunjeti,opuñjeti,Opuñjeti,Opuñjeti,or °ati [o + puñjeti denom.of puñja,heap] to heap up,make a heap,cover over with (Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,153 trsl<sup>s.</sup> “cleanse”) Vin.II,176 (opuñjati bhattaṃ); J.IV,377 (opuñchetvā T.,but v.l.opuñjetvā; gloss upalimpitvā); DhA.III,296 (opuñchitvā,gloss sammajjitvā).‹-› Caus.opuñjāpeti in same meaning “to smear” Vin.III,16 (opuñjāpetvā; v.l.opuñchāpetvā).(Page 168),8,1
  8075. 316905,en,15,opuppha,opuppha,Opuppha,Opuppha,[o + puppha] bud,young flower J.VI,497 (vv.ll.p.498 opaṇṇa &#38; opatta).(Page 168),7,1
  8076. 316912,en,15,ora,ora,Ora,Ora,(adj.) [compar.formation fr.ava; Vedic avara] below,inferior,posterior.Usually as nt.<i>oraṃ</i> the below,the near side,this world Sn.15; VvA.42 (orato Abl.from this side).-- Cases adverbially:Acc.<i>oraṃ</i> (with Abl.) on this side of,below,under,within M.II,142; Sn.804 (oraṃ vassasatā); Pv IV.3<sup>3Q</sup> (oraṃ chahi māsehi in less than 6 months or after 6 months; id.p.at Pv.I,10<sup>12</sup> has uddhaṃ); PvA.154 (dahato); Instr.<i>orena</i> J.V.72; Abl.<i>orato</i> on this side Miln.210.<br><br> <i>--pāra</i> the below and the above,the lower &#38; higher worlds Sn.1 (see SnA 13 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 422<sup>b</sup> and cp.paroparaṃ); Miln.319 (samuddo anorapāro,boundless ocean).<i>--pure</i> (avarapure) below the fortress M.I,68 (bahinagare +).<i>--mattaka</i> belonging only to this world,mundane; hence:trifling,insignificant,little,evanescent Vin.II,85,203 = It.85; D.I,3; M.I,449; A.IV,22; V,157,164; Vbh.247; Nett 62; DhA.I,203; DA.I,55.(Page 169),3,1
  8077. 316922,en,15,orabbhika,orabbhika,Orabbhika,Orabbhika,[fr.urabbha.The Sk.aurabhrika is later &#38; differs in meaning] one who kills sheep,a butcher (of sheep) M.I,343,412; S.II,256; A.I,251; II,207 = Pug.56; III,303; Th.2,242 (= urabbhaghātaka ThA.204); J.V,270; VI,111 (and their punishment in Niraya); Pug.A 244 (urabbhā vuccanti eḷakā; urabbhe hanatī ti orabbhiko).(Page 169),9,1
  8078. 316933,en,15,oraka,oraka,Oraka,Oraka,(adj.) [ora + ka] inferior,posterior Vin.I,19; II,159; M.II,47; Sn.692 (= paritta SnA 489; cp.omaka); J.I,381.(Page 169),5,1
  8079. 316942,en,15,oramapeti,oramāpeti,Oramāpeti,Oramāpeti,(Caus.II.of oramati] to make someone desist from J.V,474 (manussa-maṃsā).(Page 170),9,1
  8080. 316946,en,15,oramati,oramati,Oramati,Oramati,[denom.fr.ora instead of orameti] to stay or be on this side,i.e.to stand still,to get no further J.I,492 (oramituṃ na icchi),498 (oramāma na pārema).Note.This form may also be expl<sup>d.</sup> &#38; taken as imper.of ava + ramati (cp.avarata 2),i.e.let us desist,let us give up,(i.e.we shall not get through to the other side).<i>--anoramati</i> (neg.) see sep.-- On the whole question see also Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,154 sq.(Page 170),7,1
  8081. 316955,en,15,orambhagiya,orambhāgiya,Orambhāgiya,Orambhāgiya,(adj.) [ora + bhāga + iya; BSk.avarabhāgīya,e.g.Divy 533] being a share of the lower,i e.this world,belonging to the kāma world,Ep.of the 5 saṃyojanāni (see also saṃyojana) D.I,156; III,107,108,132; M.I,432; It.114; Pug.22; Nett 14; SnA 13; DA.I,313.-- Note.A curious form of this word is found at Th.2,166 orambhāga-manīya,with gloss (ThA.158) oraṃ āgamanīya.Probably the bh should be deleted.(Page 170),11,1
  8082. 316969,en,15,orasa,orasa,Orasa,Orasa,(adj.) [Fr.ura,uras breast Vedic aurasa] belonging to one’s own breast,self-begotten,legitimate; innate,natural,own M.II,84; III,29; S.II,221 (Bhagavato putto o.mukhato jāto); III,83; J.III,272; Vv 50<sup>22</sup>; ThA.236; KhA 248; PvA.62 (urejāta +).(Page 170),5,1
  8083. 316980,en,15,orata,orata,Orata,Orata,[o + rata,pp.of ramati] -- 1.delighted,satisfied,pleased Miln.210 (cp.abhirata).-- 2.desisting,abstaining from,restraining oneself VvA.72 (= virato; cp.uparata).(Page 169),5,1
  8084. 316986,en,15,oravitar,oravitar,Oravitar,Oravitar,[ora + n.ag.of vitarati?] doubtful reading at A.V,149,meaning concerned with worldly things (?).The vv.ll.are oramitā,oravikā,oramato,oravi.(Page 170),8,1
  8085. 316996,en,15,orima,orima,Orima,Orima,[superl.formation fr.ora,equivalent to avama] the lower or lowest,the one on this side,this (opp.yonder); only in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>orima-tīra</i> the shore on this side,the near shore (opp.pāra° and pārima° the far side) D.I,244; S.IV,175 (sakkāyass’adhivacanaṃ) = SnA 24; Dhs.597; Vism.512 (°tīra-mah’ogha); DhA.II,99.(Page 170),5,1
  8086. 317012,en,15,orodha,orodha,Orodha,Orodha,[fr.orundhati; Sk.avarodha] obstruction; confinement,harem,seraglio Vin.II,290; IV,261 (rāj’orodhā harem-lady,concubine); J.IV,393,404.(Page 170),6,1
  8087. 317016,en,15,orohana,orohaṇa,Orohaṇa,Orohaṇa,(nt.) [abstr.fr.orahati] descent,in udak’orohaṇânuyoga practice of descending in to the water (i.e.bathing) Pug.55; J.I,193; Miln.350.(Page 170),7,1
  8088. 317032,en,15,orohati,orohati,Orohati,Orohati,[o + rohati] to descend,climb down D.II,21; M.III,131; J.I,50; Miln.395; PvA.14.-- Caus.<i>oropeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 170),7,1
  8089. 317038,en,15,oropana,oropaṇa,Oropaṇa,Oropaṇa,(nt.) [abstr.fr.oropeti] taking down,removal,cutting off (hair),in <i>kes’oropaṇa</i> hair-cutting DhA.II,53 (T.has at one place orohaṇa,v.l.oropaṇa).(Page 170),7,1
  8090. 317057,en,15,oropeti,oropeti,Oropeti,Oropeti,[Caus.fr.orohati; BSk.avaropayati] to take down,bring down,deprive of,lay aside,take away,cut off (hair) VvA.64 (bhattabhājanaṃ oropeti) -- ger.<i>oropayitvā</i> Sn.44 (= nikkhipitvā paṭippassambhayitvā Nd<sup>2</sup> 181; apanetvā SnA 91); J.VI,211 (kesamassuṃ).(Page 170),7,1
  8091. 317074,en,15,oruddha,oruddha,Oruddha,Oruddha,[fr.orundhati.In meaning equalling Sk.aparuddha as well as ava°] -- 1.kept back,restrained,subdued A.III,393.-- 2.imprisoned J.IV,4.See also ava°.(Page 170),7,1
  8092. 317105,en,15,orundhati,orundhati,Orundhati,Orundhati,[cp.Sk.avarundhate] to get,attain,take for a wife.-- ger.<i>orundhiya</i> J.IV,480.-- aor.<i>oruddha</i> Th.2,445.-- pp.<i>oruddha</i>.See also avarundhati.(Page 170),9,1
  8093. 317124,en,15,osadha,osadha,Osadha,Osadha,(nt.) [Vedic auṣadha] see osadhī.(Page 171),6,1
  8094. 317136,en,15,osadhi,osadhī,Osadhī,Osadhī,(f.) [Vedic avaṣa + dhī:bearer of balm,comfort,refreshment].There is no difference in meaning between osadha and osadhī; both mean equally any medicine,whether of herbs or other ingredients.Cp.e.g.A.IV,100 (bījagāma-bhūtagāmā ..osadhi-tiṇavanappatayo) Pv.II,6<sup>10</sup>,with Sn.296 (gāvo ...yāsu jāyanti osadhā); D.I,12,cp.DA.I,98; Pv III,5<sup>3</sup>; PvA.86; J.IV,31; VI,331 (? trsl<sup>n.</sup> medicinal herb).Figuratively,“balm of salvation” (amatosadha) Miln.247.Osadhi-tārakā,star of healing.The only thing we know about this star is its white brilliance,S.I,65; It.20 = A.V,62; Vv 9<sup>2</sup>; Pv.II,1<sup>10</sup>; cp.PvA.71; Vism.412.Childers calls it Venus,but gives no evidence; other translators render it “morning star” .According to Hindu mythology the lord of medicine is the moon (oṣadhīśa),not any particular star.(Page 171),6,1
  8095. 317143,en,15,osadhika,osadhika,Osadhika,Osadhika,v.l.It.20 for <i>opadhika</i>.(Page 171),8,1
  8096. 317146,en,15,osadhika,osadhikā,Osadhikā,Osadhikā,(f.) [fr.osadha] remedy,esp.poultice,fomentation J.IV,361.(Page 171),8,1
  8097. 317152,en,15,osajjati,osajjati,Osajjati,Osajjati,[o + <em>sṛj</em>] to emit,evacuate PvA.268 (vaccaṃ excrement,+ ohanati).-- pp.<i>osaṭṭha</i>.(Page 171),8,1
  8098. 317164,en,15,osakkati,osakkati,Osakkati,Osakkati,[o + sakkati fr.P.<em>sakk</em> = *Sk.<em>ṣvaṣk</em>,cp.Māgadhī osakkai; but sometimes confused with <i>sṛp</i>,cp.P.osappati &#38; Sk.apasarpati] to draw back,move back D.I,230; J.IV,348 (for apavattati C.); V,295 (an-osakkitvā).See also Trenckner,Notes p.60.(Page 171),8,1
  8099. 317186,en,15,osana,osāna,Osāna,Osāna,(nt.) [fr.osāpeti] stopping,ceasing; end,finish,conclusion S.V,79 (read paṭikkamosāna),177,344; Sn.938 (Page 171),5,1
  8100. 317195,en,15,osanheti,osaṇheti,Osaṇheti,Osaṇheti,[o + saṇheti,denom.fr.saṇha] to make smooth,to smooth out,comb or brush down (hair) Vin.II,107 (kese); J.IV,219 (id.).(Page 171),8,1
  8101. 317197,en,15,osanna,osanna,Osanna,Osanna,(adj.) [o + pp.of <em>syad</em> to move on] given out,exhausted,weak Miln.250 (°viriya).(Page 171),6,1
  8102. 317202,en,15,osapeti,osāpeti,Osāpeti,Osāpeti,[With Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,158 Caus.of ava + <em>sā</em>,Sk.avasāyayati (cp.P.avaseti,oseti),but by MSS. &#38; Pāli grammarians taken as Caus.of <em>sṛ</em><i>:</i> sarāpeti contracted to sāpeti,thus ultimately the same as Sk.sārayati = P.sāreti (thus vv.ll.).Not with Trenckner,Notes 78 and Müller P.Gr.42.Caus.of ā + <em>viś</em> to sling] to put forth,bring to an end,settle,put down,fix,decide S.I,81 (fut.osāpayissāmi; vv.ll.oyayiss° and obhāyiss° = Ud.66 (T.otarissāmi? vv.ll.obhāyiss°,otāy° &#38; osāy°; C.paṭipajjissāmi karissāmi); J.I,25 (osāpeti,v.l.obhāseti); Nd<sup>1</sup> 412 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of osāna); VvA.77 (agghaṃ o.to fix a price; vv.ll.ohāpeti &#38; onarāpeti) = DhA.III,108 (v.l.osāreti).Cp.<i>osāreti</i>.(Page 172),7,1
  8103. 317207,en,15,osappati,osappati,Osappati,Osappati,[o + <em>sṛp</em> to creep] to draw back,give way J.VI,190 (osappissati; gloss apīyati).(Page 171),8,1
  8104. 317209,en,15,osaraka,osaraka,Osaraka,Osaraka,(adj.) [fr.osarati,osarana &#38; osaṭa] of the nature of a resort,fit for resorting to,over-hanging eaves,affording shelter Vin.II,153.See also <i>osāraka</i>.(Page 171),7,1
  8105. 317213,en,15,osaraka,osāraka,Osāraka,Osāraka,[fr.osarati] shelter,outhouse J.III,446.See also <i>osaraka</i>.(Page 172),7,1
  8106. 317222,en,15,osarana,osaraṇa,Osaraṇa,Osaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.avasarati] -- 1.return to,going into (Acc.) visiting J.I,154 (gāmantaṃ °kāle).-- 2.withdrawal,distraction,drawing or moving away,heresy Sn.538 (= ogahanāni titthāni,diṭṭhiyo ti attho SnA 434).(Page 171),7,1
  8107. 317230,en,15,osarana,osāraṇā,Osāraṇā,Osāraṇā,(f.) [fr.osāreti 3] -- 1.restoration,rehabilitation reinstatement (of a bhikkhu after exclusion from the Saṅgha) Vin.I,322; Miln.344.-- 2.procession (?) (perhaps reading should be ussāraṇā) DhA.II,1 (T.oss°).(Page 172),7,1
  8108. 317245,en,15,osarati,osarati,Osarati,Osarati,[o + <em>sṛ</em>] to flow,to go away,to recede to,to visit M.I,176 (gāmaṃ etc.); II,122.-- pp.<i>osaṭa</i>.See also <i>avasarati</i>.(Page 171),7,1
  8109. 317256,en,15,osareti,osāreti,Osāreti,Osāreti,[Caus.of o +<em>sṛ</em> to flow] -- 1.(with v.l.osāpeti,reading osāreti is uncertain) to stow away,deposit,put in,put away (see also opeti) J.VI,52,67 (pattaṃ thavikāya o.).-- 2.to bring out,expound,propound,explain Miln.13 (abhidhammapiṭikaṃ),203 (kāraṇaṃ),349 (lekhaṃ to compose a letter).-- 3.(t.t.) to restore a bhikkhu who has undergone penance Vin.I,96,322,340; IV,53 (osārehi ayyā ti vuccamāno osāreti).-- Pass.osāriyati Vin.II,61; pp.<i>osārita</i> (cp.<i>osāraṇā</i>).(Page 172),7,1
  8110. 317264,en,15,osarita,osārita,Osārita,Osārita,[pp.of osāreti 3] restored,rehabilitated Vin.IV,138.(Page 172),7,1
  8111. 317273,en,15,osata,osaṭa,Osaṭa,Osaṭa,[pp.of o + <em>sṛ</em>] having withdrawn to (Acc.),gone to or into,undergone,visited M.I,176,469 (padasamācāro saṅgha-majjhe o.); II,2 (Rājagahaṃ vass°āvāsaṃ o.); Miln.24 (sākacchā osaṭā bahū).See also <i>avasaṭa</i>.(Page 171),5,1
  8112. 317284,en,15,osidana,osīdana,Osīdana,Osīdana,(nt.) [fr.osīdati] sinking DhsA.363.(Page 172),7,1
  8113. 317311,en,15,osidati,osīdati,Osīdati,Osīdati,[fr.o + <em>sad</em>] to settle down,to sink,run aground (of ships) S.IV,314 (osīda bho sappi-tela); Miln.277 (nāvā osīdati).-- ger.<i>osīditvā</i> J.II,293.-- Caus.II.<i>osīdāpeti</i> J.IV,139 (nāvaṃ).(Page 172),7,1
  8114. 317326,en,15,osincati,osiñcati,Osiñcati,Osiñcati,[o + siñcati] -- 1.to pour out or down over,to besprinkle Vin.II,262; M.I,87 (telena); Pv.I,8<sup>5</sup> (ppr.osiñcaṃ = āsiñcanto PvA.41).-- 2.to scoop out,empty,drain (water) J.V,450 (osiñciyā,pot.= osiñceyya C.).‹-› pp.<i>avasitta </i>&<i> ositta</i>.(Page 172),8,1
  8115. 317340,en,15,osita,osita,Osita,Osita,[pp.of ava + <em>sā</em>] inhabited (by),accessible (to) Sn.937 (an°).Cp.vy°.(Page 172),5,1
  8116. 317345,en,15,ositta,ositta,Ositta,Ositta,[pp.of osiñcati] sprinkled,besprinkled J.V,400.See also avasitta.(Page 172),6,1
  8117. 317350,en,15,ossa,ossa,Ossa,Ossa,see <i>ussa</i>.(Page 172),4,1
  8118. 317351,en,15,ossagga,ossagga,Ossagga,Ossagga,[fr.ossajati] relaxation,in cpd.sati-ossagga (for which more common sati-vossagga) relaxation of memory,inattention,thoughtlessness DhA.III,163 (for pamāda Dh.167).See <i>vossagga</i>.(Page 172),7,1
  8119. 317374,en,15,ossajjana,ossajjana,Ossajjana,Ossajjana,(nt.) [fr.ossajati] release,dismissal,sending off DA.I,130.(Page 172),9,1
  8120. 317376,en,15,ossajjati,ossajjati,Ossajjati,Ossajjati,[o + <em>sṛj</em> send off] to let loose,let go,send off,give up,dismiss,release D.II,106 (aor.ossaji); Sn.270 = S.I,207; Th.1,321; J.IV,260.-- pp.<i>ossaṭṭha</i>.See also <i>avassajati</i>.(Page 172),9,1
  8121. 317381,en,15,ossakk°,ossakk°,Ossakk°,Ossakk°,see <i>osakk°</i>.(Page 172),7,1
  8122. 317382,en,15,ossanna,ossanna,Ossanna,Ossanna,[pp.of osīdati for osanna,ss after ussanna] sunk,low down,deficient,lacking J.I,336 (opp.ussanna).Hardly to be derived from ava + <em>syad</em>.(Page 172),7,1
  8123. 317390,en,15,ossattha,ossaṭṭha,Ossaṭṭha,Ossaṭṭha,[pp.of ossajati] let loose,released,given up,thrown down D.II,106; S.III,241; J.I,64; IV,460 (= nissaṭṭha).(Page 172),8,1
  8124. 317397,en,15,ossavana,ossavana,Ossavana,Ossavana,(nt.) [fr.ava + <em>sru</em>] outflow,running water M.I,189 (v.l.ossāvana &#38; osavana).Cp.<i>avassava</i>.(Page 172),8,1
  8125. 317403,en,15,otallaka,otallaka,Otallaka,Otallaka,(adj.) [of uncertain etym.perhaps *avatāryaka from ava + <em>tṛ</em>,or from uttāḷa?] clothed in rags,poor,indigent J.IV,380 (= lāmaka olamba-vilamba-nantakadharo C.).(Page 166),8,1
  8126. 317407,en,15,otapaka,otāpaka,Otāpaka,Otāpaka,(adj.) [fr.otāpeti] drying or dried (in the sun),with ref.to food SnA 35 (parivāsika-bhattaṃ bhuñjati hatth’otāpakaṃ khādati).(Page 166),7,1
  8127. 317416,en,15,otapeti,otāpeti,Otāpeti,Otāpeti,[o + tāpeti] to dry in the sun Vin.II,113; IV,281; Miln.371 (kummo udakato nikkhamitvā kāyaṃ o.fig.applied to mānasa).(Page 166),7,1
  8128. 317426,en,15,otara,otāra,Otāra,Otāra,[fr.otarati,BSk.avatāra.The Sk.avatāra is centuries later and means “incarnation” ] -- 1.descent to,i.e.approach to,access,fig.chance,opportunity <i>otāraṃ</i> labhati.Only in the Māra myth.He,the tempter,“gets his chance” to tempt the Buddha or the disciples,M.I,334; S.I,122; IV,178,185; DhA.III,121.(avatāraṃ labhati,Divy 144,145) <i>ot° adhigacchati</i>,to find a chance,Sn.446.[Fausböll here translates “defect” .This is fair as exegesis.Every moral or intellectual defect gives the enemy a chance.But otāra does not mean defect].<i>Ot° gavesati</i> to seek an opportunity,DhA.III,21.<i>Otārāpekkha</i>,watching for a chance,S.I,122.At one passage,A.III,67 = 259,it is said that constant association leads to agreement,agreement to trust,and trust to otāra.The Com.has nothing.“Carelessness” would suit the context.o.gavesati to look for an opportunity DhA.III,21,and otāraṃ labhati to get a chance S.I,122; IV,178,185; M.I,334; DhA.III,21 (gloss okāra &#38; okāsa); cp.avatāraṃ labhati Divy 144,145 etc.-- 2.access,fig.inclination to,being at home with,approach,familiarity (cp.otiṇṇa and avacara adj.) A.III,67,259.-- 3.(influenced by ocarati<sup>2</sup> and ociṇṇa) being after something,spying,finding out; hence:fault,blame,defect,flaw Sn.446 (= randha vivara SnA 393); also in phrase <i>otārâpekkha</i> spying faults S.I,122 (which may be taken to meaning 1,but meaning 3 is accredited by BSk.avatāraprekṣin Divy 322),Mrs.Rh.D.translates the latter passage by “watching for access”.(Page 166),5,1
  8129. 317435,en,15,otarana,otaraṇa,Otaraṇa,Otaraṇa,(adj.) [fr.otarati] going down,descending Nett 1,2,4,107.(Page 165),7,1
  8130. 317457,en,15,otarati,otarati,Otarati,Otarati,[o + tarati] to descend,to go down to (c.Acc.),to be-take oneself to.ppr.<i>otaranto</i> Vin.II,221.-- aor.otari SnA 486 (for avaṃsari); DhA.I,19 (caṅkamanaṃ); PvA.47 (nāvāya mahāsamuddaṃ),75.-- inf.<i>otarituṃ</i> Pug.65,75 (saṅgamaṃ).-- ger.<i>otaritvā</i> PvA.94 (pāsādā from the palace),140 (devalokato).-- Caus.II.<i>otarāpeti</i> to cause to descend,to bring down to J.VI,345.-- pp.otiṇṇa.-- Caus.I.<i>otāreti</i>.Opp.<i>uttarati</i>.(Page 165),7,1
  8131. 317468,en,15,otareti,otāreti,Otāreti,Otāreti,[Caus.of otarati] to cause to come down,to bring down,take down J.I,426; IV,402; Nett 21,22; DhA.II,81.(Page 166),7,1
  8132. 317482,en,15,otata,otata,Otata,Otata,[o + tata,pp.of <em>tan</em>] stretched over,covered,spread over with; Dh.162 (v.l.otthata); Miln.307 (+ vitata); DhA.III,153 (= pariyonandhitvā ṭhita).See also <i>avatata </i>&<i> sam-otata</i>.(Page 165),5,1
  8133. 317490,en,15,otinna,otiṇṇa,Otiṇṇa,Otiṇṇa,[pp.of otarati; the form ava° only found in poetry as --° e.g.issâvatiṇṇa J.V,98; dukkha°,soka° etc.see below 2] -- 1.(med.) gone down,descended PvA.104 (uddho-galaṃ na otiṇṇaṃ not gone down further than the throat).-- 2.(pass.) beset by (cp.avatāra 2),affected with,a victim of,approached by M.I,460 = A.II,123 (dukkh’otiṇṇa) = It.89 (as v.l.; T.has dukkhâbhikiṇṇa,which is either gloss or wrong reading for dukkhâvatiṇṇa); M.II,10; S.I,123 (sokâva°),137 (id.); Sn.306 (icchâvatiṇṇa affected with desire),939 (sallena otiṇṇo = pierced by an arrow,expl<sup>d.</sup> by Nd<sup>1</sup> 414 as “sallena viddho phuṭṭho”); J.V,98 (issâva° = issāya otiṇṇa C.).-- 3.(in special sense) affected with love,enamoured,clinging to,fallen in love with Vin.III,128 (= sāratto apekkhavā paṭibaddha-citto); A.III,67,259 (°citta); SnA 322 (id.).-- Note.otiṇṇa at S.V,162 should with v.l.SS be deleted.See also <i>avatiṇṇa</i>.(Page 166),6,1
  8134. 317512,en,15,ottappa,ottappa,Ottappa,Ottappa,(nt.) [fr.tappati<sup>1</sup> + <em>ud</em>,would corresp.to a Sk.form *auttapya fr.ut-tapya to be regretted,tormented by remorse.The BSk.form is a wrong adaptation of the Pāli form,taking o° for apa°,viz.apatrapya M Vastu III,53 and apatrapā ibid.I.463.Müller,P.Gr. &#38; Fausböll,Sutta Nipāta Index were both misled by the BSk.form,as also recently Kern,Toev.s.v.] fear of exile,shrinking back from doing wrong,remorse.See on term and its distinction from hiri (shame) Dhs.trsl.20,also DhsA.124,126; Vism.8,9 and the definition at SnA 181.Ottappa generally goes with hiri as one of the 7 noble treasures (see ariya-dhanā).Hiri-ottappa It.36; J.I,129; hir-ottappa at M.I,271; S.II,220; V,1; A.II,78; IV,99,151; V,214; It.34; J.I,127,206; VvA.23.See also hiri.-- Further passages:D.III,212; M.I,356; S.II,196,206,208; V,89; A.I,50,83,95; III,4 sq.,352; IV,11; V,123 sq.; Pug.71; Dhs.147,277; Nett 39.-- <i>anottappa</i> (nt.) lack of conscience,unscrupulousness,disregard of morality A.I,50,83,95; III,421; V,146,214; Vbh.341,359,370,391; as adj.It.34 (ahirika +).<br><br> <i>--gāravatā</i> respect for conscience,A.III,331; IV,29.<i>--dhana</i> the treasure of (moral) self-control D.III,163,251,282; VvA.113.<i>--bala</i> the power of a (good) conscience D.III,253; Ps.II,169,176; Dhs.31,102 (trl<sup>n.</sup> power of the fear of blame).(Page 166),7,1
  8135. 317525,en,15,ottappati,ottappati,Ottappati,Ottappati,[ut + tappati<sup>1</sup>] to feel a sense of guilt,to be conscious or afraid of evil S.I,154; Ps.II,169,176; Pug.20,21; Dhs.31; Miln.171.(Page 166),9,1
  8136. 317539,en,15,ottappin,ottappin,Ottappin,Ottappin, &#38; Ottāpin (adj.) [fr.ottappa] afraid of wrong,conscientious,scrupulous (a) ottappin D.III,252,282; It.28,119.-- (b) ottāpin M.I,43 sq.; S.II,159 sq.,196,207; IV,243 sq.; A.II,13 sq.; III,3 sq.,112; IV,1 sq.; V,123,146.<i>Anottappin</i> bold,reckless,unscrupulous Pug.20 (+ ahirika).<i>anottāpin</i> at S.II,159 sq.,195,206; IV,240 sq.; Sn.133 (ahirika +).(Page 166),8,1
  8137. 317550,en,15,ottha,oṭṭha,Oṭṭha,Oṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic uṣṭra,f.uṣṭrī,buffalo = Ohg.Ags.ur,Lat.urus bison,aurochs.In cl.Sk.it means a camel].It is mentioned in two lists of domestic animals,Vin.III,52; Miln.32.At J.III,385 a story is told of an oṭṭhī-vyādhi who fought gallantly in the wars,and was afterwards used to drag a dung-cart.Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,150 suggests elephant.(Page 165),5,1
  8138. 317551,en,15,ottha,oṭṭha,Oṭṭha,Oṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic oṣṭha,idg.*ō (u) s; Av.aosta lip; Lat.ōs mouth = Sk.āḥ Ags.ōr margin] the lip A.IV,131; Sn.608; J.II,264; III,26 (adhar° &#38; uttar° lower &#38; upper lip),278; V,156; DhA.I,212; III,163; IV,1; VvA.11; PvA.260.Cp.<i>bimboṭṭha</i>.(Page 165),5,1
  8139. 317566,en,15,ottharaka,ottharaka,Ottharaka,Ottharaka,(nt.) [fr.of tharati] a kind of strainer,a filter Vin.II,119.(Page 166),9,1
  8140. 317573,en,15,ottharana,ottharaṇa,Ottharaṇa,Ottharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.ottharati] spreading over,veiling Miln.299 (mahik°).(Page 166),9,1
  8141. 317583,en,15,ottharati,ottharati,Ottharati,Ottharati,[o + tharati,Sk.root <em>str</em>] to spread over,spread out,cover Miln.121 (opp.paṭikkamati,of water).See also <i>avattharati</i>.(Page 166),9,1
  8142. 317597,en,15,otthata,otthaṭa,Otthaṭa,Otthaṭa,[pp.of ottharati] -- 1.spread over,veiled,hidden by (-°) Miln.299 (mahik° suriya the sun hidden by a fog).-- 2.strewn over (with) Sdhp.246 (-°).(Page 166),7,1
  8143. 317599,en,15,otthata,otthata,Otthata,Otthata,<i>= Otthaṭa</i>,v.l.at Dh.162 for <i>otata</i>.(Page 166),7,1
  8144. 317606,en,15,otthubhati,oṭṭhubhati,Oṭṭhubhati,Oṭṭhubhati,[cp.Sk.avaṣṭhīvati] to spit out M.I,79,127.(Page 165),10,1
  8145. 317615,en,15,ovada,ovāda,Ovāda,Ovāda,[BSk.avavāda in same sense as P.] advice,instruction,admonition,exhortation Vin.I,50 = II.228; II,255 = IV.52; D.I,137 (°paṭikara,function of a king); J.III,256 (anovādakara one who cannot be helped by advice,cp.ovadaka); Nett 91,92; DhA.I,13,398 (dasavidha o.); VvA.345.-- ovādaṃ <i>deti</i> to give advice PvA.11,12,15,(Page 171),5,1
  8146. 317629,en,15,ovadaka,ovādaka,Ovādaka,Ovādaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.ovāda; cp.BSk.avavādaka in same meaning,e.g.Divy 48,254,385] admonishing (act.) or being admonished (pass.); giving or taking advice; a spiritual instructor or adviser M.I,145; A.I,25; S.V,67 = It.107.-- <i>anovādaka</i> one who cannot or does not want to be advised,incorrigible J.I,159; III,256,304; V,314.(Page 171),7,1
  8147. 317659,en,15,ovadati,ovadati,Ovadati,Ovadati,[o + vadati.The Sk.avavadati is some centuries later and is diff.in meaning] to give advice,to admonish,exhort,instruct,usually comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>anusāsati</i>.-- pres.<i>ovadati</i> Vin.IV,52 sq.; DhA.I,11,13; imper.ovadatu M.III,267.-- pot.<i>ovadeyya</i> Vin.IV,52 (= aṭṭhahi garudhammehi ovadati); Sn.1051 (= anusāseyya).-- aor.<i>ovadi</i> DhA.I,397.-- inf.<i>ovadituṃ</i> Vin.I,59 (+ anusāsituṃ).-- grd.<i>ovaditabba</i> Vin.II,5; and <i>ovadiya</i> (see sep.).-- Pass.<i>avadiyati;</i> ppr.<i>°iyamāna</i> Pug.64 (+ anusāsiyamāna).(Page 171),7,1
  8148. 317667,en,15,ovaddheyya,ovaddheyya,Ovaddheyya,Ovaddheyya,a process to be carried out with the kaṭhina robes.The meaning is obscure Vin.I,254.See the note at Vin.Texts II.154; Vin.I,254 is not clear (see expl<sup>n.</sup> by C.on p.388).The vv.ll.are ovadeyya° ovadheyya° ovaṭṭheyya°.(Page 171),10,1
  8149. 317673,en,15,ovadin,ovādin,Ovādin,Ovādin,(adj.-n.) [fr.ovāda] = ovādaka M.I,360 (anovādin).(Page 171),6,1
  8150. 317687,en,15,ovadiya,ovadiya,Ovadiya,Ovadiya,(adj.) [grd.of ovadati] who or what can be advised,advisable Vin.I,59 (+ anusāsiya); Vv 84<sup>36</sup> (= ovāda-vasena vattabbaṃ VvA.345).(Page 171),7,1
  8151. 317694,en,15,ovahati,ovahati,Ovahati,Ovahati,[o + vahati] to carry down.-- Pass.<i>ovuyhati</i> It.114 (ind. &#38; pot.ovuyheyya).(Page 171),7,1
  8152. 317696,en,15,ovaja,ovaja,Ovaja,Ovaja,at S.I,212 read <i>ojava</i>.(Page 171),5,1
  8153. 317707,en,15,ovamati,ovamati,Ovamati,Ovamati,[o + <em>vam</em>] to throw up,vomit Ud.78.(Page 171),7,1
  8154. 317714,en,15,ovaraka,ovaraka,Ovaraka,Ovaraka,(nt.) [Deriv.uncertain.The Sk.apavaraka is some centuries later.The Sk.apavaraka forbidden or secret room,Halāyudha “lying-in chamber”] an inner room Vin.I,217; M.I,253; J.I,391 (jāto varake T.to be read as jāt’ovarake i.e.the inner chamber where he was born,thus also at VvA.158); Vism.90,431; VvA.304 (= gabbha).(Page 171),7,1
  8155. 317729,en,15,ovariyana,ovariyāna,Ovariyāna,Ovariyāna,[ger.of o + <em>vṛ</em>] forbidding,obstructing,holding back,preventing Th.2,367 (v.l.ovadiyāna,thus also ThA.250 explained “maṃ gacchantiṃ avaditvā gamanaṃ nisedhetvā”).(Page 171),9,1
  8156. 317732,en,15,ovassa,ovassa,Ovassa,Ovassa, &#38; °ka see <i>anovassa(ka)</i>.(Page 171),6,1
  8157. 317744,en,15,ovassati,ovassati,Ovassati,Ovassati,[o + vassati] to rain down on,to make wet.‹-› Pass.<i>ovassati</i> to become wet through rain Vin.II,121.(Page 171),8,1
  8158. 317751,en,15,ovata,ovaṭa,Ovaṭa,Ovaṭa,[o + vaṭa,pp.of <em>vṛ</em>,another form of ovuta = ophuta,q.v.] obstructed,prevented Vin.II,255 = IV.52 = A.IV,277 (v.l.ovāda); also <i>an°</i> ibid.(Page 171),5,1
  8159. 317758,en,15,ovattika,ovaṭṭika,Ovaṭṭika,Ovaṭṭika,(nt.) [fr.ava + <em>vṛt</em>] -- 1.girdle,waistband M.II,47; J.III,285 (v.l.ovaddhi°); Vism.312; DhA.II,37; IV,206; DA.I,218 (Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,156:a kind of bag).-- 2.a bracelet Vin.II,106 (= vaḷayaṃ C.).‹-› 3.a patch,patching (°karaṇa),darning (?) Vin.I,254 (vv.ll.ovaṭṭiya°,ovadhita° ovadhīya°); J.II,197 (v.l.ovaddhi°).See also <i>ovaddheyya</i> (ava°).(Page 171),8,1
  8160. 317767,en,15,ovijjhati,ovijjhati,Ovijjhati,Ovijjhati,[ava + <em>vyadh</em>] to pierce through Vism.304.(Page 171),9,1
  8161. 317773,en,15,ovuta,ovuta,Ovuta,Ovuta,see <i>ophuta</i>.(Page 171),5,1
  8162. 317776,en,15,ovuyhati,ovuyhati,Ovuyhati,Ovuyhati,[Pass.of ovahati] to be carried down (a river) It.114.(Page 171),8,1
  8163. 317780,en,15,oyacati,oyācati,Oyācati,Oyācati,[o + <em>yāc</em>,opp.āyācati] to wish ill,to curse,imprecate Vin.III,137.(Page 169),7,1
  8164. 317791,en,15,pa°,pa°,Pa°,Pa°,(indecl.) [Ved.pra,Idg.*pro,cp.Gr.prό,Lat.pro,Goth.fra,Lith.pra,prō,Oir.ro-] directional prefix of forward motion,in applied sense often emphasising the action as carried on in a marked degree or even beyond its mark (cp.Ger.ver- in its function of Goth.fra &#38; Ger.vor).Thus the sphere of pa- may be characterised in foll.applications:1.forth,forward,out:papatati fall forward,i.e.down; °neti bring forth (to); °gaṇhāti hold out; °tharati spread forth; °dhāvati run out; °bajati go forth; °sāreti stretch out; etc.-- 2.(intensive) in a marked degree,more than ordinarily (cp.E.up in cut up,heap up,fill up; thus often to be trsl<sup>d</sup> by “up,” or “out,” or “about”):pakopeti up-set; °chindati cut up; °bhañjati break up; °cinati heap up; °kiṇṇaka scattered about; °nāda shouting out; °bhāti shine forth; °bhavati grow up,prevail; °dūseti spoil entirely; °jahati give up entirely; °tapeti make shine exceedingly (C.ativiya dīpeti); °jalati blaze up; °jānāti know well.-- In this meaning often with adjectives like patanu very thin; °thaddha quite stiff; °dakkhiṇa right in pre-eminence; °bala very strong.-- 3.“onward”:paṭṭhāya from ...onward; pavattati move on; fig.“further,later”:paputta a later (secondary) son,i.e.grandson.-- 4.“in front of,” “before”:padvāra,before the door.-- 5.Sometimes in trs.(reflexive) use,like pakūjin singing out to (each other,cp Ger.besingen,an-rufen).-The most frequent combination with other (modifying) prefixes is sam-ppa; its closest relatives (in meaning 2 especially) are <i>ā</i> and <i>pari</i>.The double (assimilation) p is restored after short vowels,like appadhaṃsiya (a+pa°).(Page 378),3,1
  8165. 317806,en,15,pabahati,pabāhati,Pabāhati,Pabāhati,[pa+<em>bṛh</em> to pull,see abbahati] to pull out,draw forth D.I,77 (T.reads pavāhati,v.l.pabbāḷhati,evidently fr.pabāḷha); cp.Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa IV.3,3,16.-- pp.<i>pabāḷha<sup>1</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 413),8,1
  8166. 317821,en,15,pabala,pabala,Pabala,Pabala,(adj.) [cp.Sk.prabala] very strong,mighty Sdhp.75.(Page 413),6,1
  8167. 317833,en,15,pabalha,pabāḷha,Pabāḷha,Pabāḷha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [pa+bāḷha] strong,sharp (of pain) D.II,128; J.V,422,Miln.174.(Page 413),7,1
  8168. 317834,en,15,pabalha,pabāḷha,Pabāḷha,Pabāḷha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of pabāhati] pulled out,drawn forth D.I,77 (T.reads pavāḷha).See pavāḷha.(Page 413),7,1
  8169. 317842,en,15,pabandha,pabandha,Pabandha,Pabandha,(adj.) (°-) [pa+bandha] continuous Vism.32.(Page 413),8,1
  8170. 317910,en,15,pabba,pabba,Pabba,Pabba,(nt.) [Ved.parvan] 1.a knot (of a stalk),joint,section Vin.IV,35; M.I,80; J.I,245 (veḷu°); Vism.358 (id.; but nāḷika p.260); VbhA.63 (id.); Th.1,243.-- aṅgula° finger joint Vin.IV,262,M.I,187; DA.I,285.-- pabba-pabbaṃ knot for knot DhsA.11.-- 2.the elbow S.IV,171.-- 3.section,division,part Vism.240 (14 sections of contemplation of the body or kāyagatāsati); VbhA.275,286.<br><br> <i>--gaṇṭhi</i> a knot Miln.103.<i>--valli</i> a species of Dūrvā J.V,69; <i>--vāta</i> intermittent ague Vin.I,205.(Page 413),5,1
  8171. 317935,en,15,pabbaja,pabbaja,Pabbaja,Pabbaja,[Sk.balbaja,cp.Geiger P.Gr.§ 39.6] a species of reed.bulrush Vin.I,190 (T.reads babbaja); S.I,77; II.92; III,137 (v.l.babbaja),155 (°lāyaka); Th.1,27; J.II,140,141; V,202; VI,508.For further refs.see babbaja.(Page 413),7,1
  8172. 317958,en,15,pabbajana,pabbajana,Pabbajana,Pabbajana,(nt.) [fr.pabbajati] going into an ascetic life J.III,393 (a°).(Page 414),9,1
  8173. 317967,en,15,pabbajana,pabbājana,Pabbājana,Pabbājana,(nt.) [fr.pa+Caus.of <em>vraj</em>,see pabbajati &#38; pabbājeti] keeping out or away,removing,banishment,exiling D.I,135; III,93; Miln.357; Dh.I,296 (=nīharaṇa); DhA.IV,145.(Page 414),9,1
  8174. 317993,en,15,pabbajaniya,pabbājaniya,Pabbājaniya,Pabbājaniya,(adj.) [fr.pabbājana] belonging to banishment,deserving to be exiled Miln.186; also in cpd.<i>°kamma</i> excommunication,one of the 5 ecclesiastical acts enum<sup>d</sup> at Vin.I,49,143.See also A.I,79; DhA.II,109.(Page 414),11,1
  8175. 318037,en,15,pabbajati,pabbajati,Pabbajati,Pabbajati,[cp.Sk.pravrajati,pra+<em>vraj</em>] to go forth,to leave home and wander about as a mendicant,to give up the world,to take up the ascetic life (as bhikkhu,samaṇa,tapassin,isi etc.).S.I,140,141; Sn.157,1003; imper.<i>pabbaja</i> DhA.I,133.Pot.<i>pabbajeyya</i> J.I,56; Pug.57.-- Fut.<i>pabbajissati</i> Sn.564; DhA.I,133; IV,55.Aor.<i>pabbaji</i> M.III,33; S.I,196=Th.1,1255; Sn.405; Vv 82<sup>6</sup>; PvA.76; ger.<i>pabbajitvā</i> J.I,303; PvA.21 and °vāna Sn.407.-- <i>(agārasmā) anagāriyaṃ pabbajati</i> to go forth into the homeless state Vin.III,12; M.III,33; S.I,196; A.V,204; Pv.II,13<sup>16</sup>.sāsane p.to become an ascetic in (Buddhas) religion,to embrace the religion ( &#38; practice) of the Buddha J.I,56; PvA.12.pabbajjaṃ pabbajati to go into the holy life (of an ascetic friar,wanderer etc.):see <i>pabbajjā</i>.-- Caus.<i>pabbājeti</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>pabbajita</i>.(Page 414),9,1
  8176. 318117,en,15,pabbajeti,pabbājeti,Pabbājeti,Pabbājeti,[Caus.of pabbajati] 1.to make go out or away,drive out,banish,exile D.I,92 (raṭṭhasmā out of the kingdom;=nīharati DA.I,258); M.II,122; Dh.388 (attano malaṃ pabbājayaṃ,tasmā pabbajito ti vuccati); DhA.IV,145 (expl<sup>ns</sup> as “attano rāgādimalaṃ pabbājento vinodento”) J.I,262 (raṭṭhā); III,168 (id.); VI,350,351; DhA.II,41; PvA.54 (core).-- 2.to make go forth (into the homeless state),to make somebody take up the life of an ascetic or a bhikkhu,to take into the (Buddha’s) order,to ordain Vin.I,82 (description of ordination of a novice),97; III,12; IV,129; DhA.I,19,133.-- pp.<i>pabbājita</i> (q.v.).(Page 414),9,1
  8177. 318193,en,15,pabbajita,pabbajita,Pabbajita,Pabbajita,[pp.of pabbajati,cp.BSk.pravrājita Divy 236] one who has gone out from home,one who has given up worldly life &#38; undertaken the life of a bhikkhu recluse or ascetic,(one) ordained (as a Buddhist friar),gone forth (into the holy life or pabbajjā) Vin.III,40 (vuḍḍha-pabbajito bhikkhu); IV,159; D.I,131 (agārasmā anagāriyaṃ p.),157; III,31 sq.,147 sq.; M.I,200,267,345,459; II,66,181; III,261; S.I,119 (dhammavinaye p.); IV,260,330; V,118 sq.,421; A.I,69,107,147,168; II,78,143; III,33,78 (vuḍḍha°),244,403 (acira°); IV,21 (cira°); V,82,348 sq.; Sn.43 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 397),274,385,423; Dh.74,174,388; J.I,56; Pv.II,8<sup>1</sup> (=samaṇa PvA.106); II,11<sup>1</sup> (bhikkhu=kāmādimalānaṃ pabbajitattā paramatthato pabbajito PvA.146); II,13<sup>17</sup> (=pabbajjaṃ upagata PvA.167); Miln.11; DA.I,270; DhA.I,133; PvA.5,55.(Page 414),9,1
  8178. 318203,en,15,pabbajita,pabbājita,Pabbājita,Pabbājita,[pp.of pabbājeti] taken into the order,made a bhikkhu M.II,62.(Page 414),9,1
  8179. 318375,en,15,pabbajja,pabbajjā,Pabbajjā,Pabbajjā,(f.) [fr.pa+<em>vraj</em>,cp.pabbajati,Epic &#38; BSk.pravrajyā] leaving the world,adopting the ascetic life; state of being a Buddhist friar,taking the (yellow) robe,ordination.-- (1) ordination or admission into the Buddha’s Order in particular:Vin.III,13; S.I,161 etc.-- sāmanera° ordination of a Novice,described in full at Vin.I,82.-- pabbajjaṃ yācati to beg admission Vin.IV,129; labhati to gain admission to the Order Vin.I,12,17,32; D.I,176; S.IV,181.-- (2) ascetic or homeless life in general D.III,147 sq.; M.III,33 (abbhokāso p.); S.V,350 (id.; read pabbajjā); A.V,204 (id.); S.II,128 (read °jjā for °jā); IV,260; A.I,151,168; IV,274 sq.; Sn.405,406,567; It.75 (pabbajjāya ceteti); Miln.19 (dhamma-cariya-samacariy’atthā p.); DhA.I,6; SnA 49,327,423; ThA.251.-- pabbajjaṃ upagata gone into the homeless state PvA.167 (for pabbajita); agārasmā anagāriyaṃ p.the going forth from home into the homeless state Vin.II,253; M.II,56; pabbajjaṃ pabbajati to undertake or go into the ascetic life,in foll.varieties:isi° of a Saint or Sage J.I,298,303; DhA.IV,55; PvA.162 (of the Buddha); tāpasa° of a Hermit J.III,119; DA.I,270 (described in detail); DhA.IV,29; PvA.21; samaṇa° of a Wanderer PvA.76.‹-› Note.The ceremony of admission to the priesthood is called <i>pabbajjā</i> (or pabbajana),if viewed as the act of the candidate of orders,and <i>pabbājana</i> (q.v.),if viewed as the act of the priest conferring orders; the latter term however does not occur in this meaning in the Canon.(Page 414),8,1
  8180. 318609,en,15,pabbaniya,pabbaniya,Pabbaniya,Pabbaniya,(adj.) [fr.pabba] forming a division or section,consisting of,belonging to KhA 114 (khaya°) (?).(Page 414),9,1
  8181. 318627,en,15,pabbata,pabbata,Pabbata,Pabbata,[Vedic parvata,fr.parvan,orig.knotty,rugged,massive] (1) a mountain (-range),hill,rock S.I,101,102,127,137; II,32,185,190; A.I,243; II,140; IV,102 (dhūpāyati); Sn.413,417,543,958,1014; Nd<sup>1</sup> 466; Dh.8,127 (°ānaṃ vivaro)=PvA.104; Dh.188 (n.pl.°āni),304; DA.I,209; Miln.346 (dhamma°); PvA.221 (aṅgāra°) Sdhp.352,545,574.-- The 7 mountains round Veḷuvana are enum<sup>d</sup> at J.V,38.-- Names of some (real or fictitious) mountains,as found in the Jātaka literature:Cakkavāḷa J.VI,282; Caṇḍoraṇa J.IV,90; Canda J.IV,283; V,38,162; Daṇḍaka-hirañña J.II,33; Daddara J.II,8; III,16; Nemindhara J.VI,125; Neru J.III,247; V,425; Paṇḍava Sn.417; SnA 382 sq.; Mahāneru J.IV,462; Mahindhara Vv 32<sup>10</sup> (cp.VvA.136); Meru J.I,25; IV,498; Yugandhara PvA.137; Rajata J.I,50; Vipula J.VI,518; Sineru S.II,139; J.I,48 &#38; passim; Suvaṇṇa J.I,50; VI,514 (°giritāla).-- (2) [cp.Sk.pārvata mountainous] a mountaineer Miln.191.<br><br> <i>--utu</i> the time (aspect) of the mountain (in prognostications as to horoscope) DhA.I,165 (megha-utu,p.‹-› utu,aruṇa-utu).<i>--kaccha</i> a mountain meadow (opp.nadī-kaccḥa) SnA 33.<i>--kandara</i> a m.cave S.II,32; V,396,457 sq.; A.V,114 sq.; <i>--kūṭa</i> m.peak Vin.II,193; J.I,73.<i>--gahaṇa</i> m.thicket or jungle PvA.5.<i>--ṭṭha</i> standing on a m.Dh.28.<i>--pāda</i> the foot of a m.J.III,51; DhA.IV,187; PvA.10.<i>--muddhā</i> mountain top Vin.I,5.<i>--raṭṭha</i> m.-kingdom SnA 26.<i>--rājā</i> “king of the mountain,” Ep.of Himavā S.I,116; II,137 sq.,276; III,149; V,47,63,148; A.I,152; III,240; IV,102; PvA.143.<i>--saṅkhepa</i> top of a m.D.I,84 (=p.--matthaka DA.I,226).<i>--sānu</i> m.-glen Vv 32<sup>10</sup> (cp.VvA.136).<i>--sikhara</i> mountain-crest J.V,421.(Page 414),7,1
  8182. 318673,en,15,pabbataka,pabbataka,Pabbataka,Pabbataka,[fr.pabbata] a mountain J.I,303.(Page 414),9,1
  8183. 318885,en,15,pabbateyya,pabbateyya,Pabbateyya,Pabbateyya,(adj.) [fr.pabbata] belonging to mountains,mountain-born (of a river) A.III,64 (nadī p°ā sīghasotā hārahārinī); IV,137 (id.); Vism.231 (id.),285 (nadī).(Page 414),10,1
  8184. 318922,en,15,pabbedha,pabbedha,Pabbedha,Pabbedha,[pa+vedha of <em>vyadh</em>,cp.BSk.pravedha in same phrase at Divy 56,viz.ṣoḍaśa-pravedho] piercing through (measuring) an arrow shot Th.1,164 -- J.II,334 (soḷasa°=soḷasa-kaṇḍa-pāta-vitthāro C.).-- Note.pabbedha owes its bb to analogy with ubbedha.It also corresponds to the latter in meaning:whereas <i>ubbedha</i> refers to the height,pabbedha is applied to the breadth or width.(Page 414),8,1
  8185. 318925,en,15,pabbhamati,pabbhamati,Pabbhamati,Pabbhamati,[pa+bhamati] to roam forth or about J.V,106 (=bhamati C.).(Page 414),10,1
  8186. 318936,en,15,pabbhara,pabbhāra,Pabbhāra,Pabbhāra,[cp.BSk.prāg-bhāra Divy 80 etc.] 1.(m.) a decline,incline,slope J.I,348; adj.(usually --°) bending,inclining,sloping; fig.tending or leading to (cp.E.“bearing on”) M.I,493 (samudda°); S.I,110 (id.); V,38,216,219; A.IV,198 (anupubba°),224 (viveka°); Miln.38 (samādhi°).Very frequent in comb<sup>n</sup> with similar expressions,e.g.ninna,poṇa (cp.PvA.ninnapoṇa-pabbhāraṃ cittaṃ):see further ref.under <i>ninna;</i> with adhimutta &#38; garuka at Vism.117 (Nibbāna°).-- <i>apabbhara</i> (sic.) not slanting or sloping J.V,405 (=samatittha C.).-- 2.(m. &#38; nt.) a cave in a mountain Miln.151; J.V,440; DhA.II,59 (nt.),98.<br><br> <i>--ṭṭhāna</i> a slope J.I,348; DhsA.261.<i>--dasaka</i> the decade (period) of decline (in life),which in the enum° of the 10 decades (vassadasā) at J.IV,397 is given as the seventh.(Page 414),8,1
  8187. 318977,en,15,pabha,pabha,Pabha,Pabha,is adj.form (-°) of <i>pabhā</i> (q.v.).(Page 415),5,1
  8188. 318984,en,15,pabha,pabhā,Pabhā,Pabhā,(f.) [fr.pa+<em>bhā</em>,cp.Epic Sk.prabhā] light,radiance,shine A.II,139; V,22; It.19,20; PvA.56 (sarīra°),137 (id.),71,176; Sdhp.250.-- canda-ppabhā moonshine It.20; DhsA.14.-- adj.pabha (-°),radiating,lucid,in cpd.<i>sayam°</i> self-lucid or self-radiant D.I,17 (=attano attano va tesaṃ pabhā ti DA.I,110); A.V,60; Sn.404.(Page 415),5,1
  8189. 318996,en,15,pabhagga,pabhagga,Pabhagga,Pabhagga,[pp.of pabhañjati,cp.Sk prabhagna] broken up,destroyed,defeated Vin.III,108.(Page 415),8,1
  8190. 319014,en,15,pabhamsana,pabhaṃsana,Pabhaṃsana,Pabhaṃsana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.pa+<em>bhraṃś</em>,cp.nāva-prabhraṃśana Npl.A.V,] causing to fall or disappear,depriving,taking away,theft,in maṇi° jewel-theft J.VI,383.(Rh.D.“polishing”?) Kern in Toev.s.v.takes pabhaṃsana as a der.fr.pa+<i>bhrās</i> to shine,i.e.making bright,polishing (as Rh.D.).(Page 415),10,1
  8191. 319021,en,15,pabhanga,pabhaṅga,Pabhaṅga,Pabhaṅga,[fr.pa+<em>bhañj</em>] destruction,breaking up,brittleness Ps.II,238 (calato pabhaṅgato addhuvato); but id.p.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 214<SUP>II</SUP> and Miln.418 read “calato pabhaṅguto addhuvato.” <i>Pabhaṅgu</i>,<i> Pabhaṅguṇa </i>&<i> °gura</i> (adj.) [fr.pa+<em>bhanj</em>,cp.BSk.prabhaṅguṇatā destruction,perishableness MVastu III,338] brittle,easily destroyed,perishable,frail.(a) <i>pabhaṅgu:</i> S.III,32; V,92; A.I,254,257 sq.; III,16; DhsA.380; Sdhp.51,553.-- (b) <i>°guṇa:</i> It.37; J.I,393 (ittarā addhuvā pabhaṅguno calitā; reading may be pabhaṅguṇā); Dh.139 (as n.;=pabhaṅgubhāva,pūtibhāva,DhA.III,71),148 (=pūtikāya ibid.111).-- (c) <i>°gura</i> Dh.148 (v.l.); ThA.95; Sdhp.562,605.-- See also <i>pabhaṅga</i>.(Page 415),8,1
  8192. 319045,en,15,pabhanin,pabhāṇin,Pabhāṇin,Pabhāṇin,at Kern,Toev.s.v.is wrongly given with quot.J.V,421 (in meaning “speaking”) where it should be read manāpa-bhāṇin,and not manā-p°.(Page 415),8,1
  8193. 319056,en,15,pabhanjati,pabhañjati,Pabhañjati,Pabhañjati,[pa+<em>bhañj</em>] to break up,destroy J.IV,494.‹-› pp.<i>pabhagga</i> (q.v.).(Page 415),10,1
  8194. 319068,en,15,pabhankara,pabhaṅkara,Pabhaṅkara,Pabhaṅkara,[pabhaṃ,Acc.of pabhā,+kara] one who makes light,one who lights up,light-bringer (often as Ep.of the Buddha) S.I,51 (quoted at VvA.116),210; A.II,51 sq.; It.80; J.III,128; Sn.991,1136 (=ālokakara obhāsakara etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 399); Vv 21<sup>4</sup> (=ñāṇ’obhāsa-kara VvA.106); 34<sup>25</sup> (=lokassa ñāṇ’āloka-kara VvA.115).(Page 415),10,1
  8195. 319091,en,15,pabhasa,pabhāsa,Pabhāsa,Pabhāsa,[fr.pa+<em>bhās</em>] shining,splendour,beauty S.I,67; sap° with beauty S.V,263; Miln.223; ap° without beauty Miln.299.(Page 415),7,1
  8196. 319133,en,15,pabhasati,pabhāsati,Pabhāsati,Pabhāsati,[pa+<em>bhaṣ</em>] to tell,declare,talk Th.1,582.(Page 415),9,1
  8197. 319162,en,15,pabhaseti,pabhāseti,Pabhāseti,Pabhāseti,[Caus.of pa+<em>bhās</em>] to illumine,pervade with light,enlighten Dh.172 (=obhāseti DhA.III,169),382 (=obhāseti ekālokaṃ karoti DhA.IV,137); J.I,87; Pv.I,10<sup>9</sup> (so read for ca bh°); II,1<sup>12</sup>; Ps.I,174; Miln.336; PvA.10 (=obhāseti).(Page 415),9,1
  8198. 319193,en,15,pabhassara,pabhassara,Pabhassara,Pabhassara,(adj.) [fr.<em>bhās</em>] shining,very bright,resplendent S.I,145; V,92,283; A.I,10,254,257 sq.,III,16; Sn.48 (=parisuddha pariyodāta Nd<sup>2</sup> 402); J.V,202,170; Vv 17<sup>1</sup> (rucira+); Pv III,3<sup>1</sup> (rucira+); Vism.223; 377; DhA.I,28; VvA.12 (pakati° bright by nature).(Page 415),10,1
  8199. 319245,en,15,pabhassati,pabhassati,Pabhassati,Pabhassati,[pa+<em>bhraṃś</em><i>;</i> cp.Sk.prabhraśyate] to fall down or off,drop,disappear Vin.II,135 (pret.pabhassittha); IV,159 (id.).-- Cp.pabhaṃsana.(Page 415),10,1
  8200. 319255,en,15,pabhata,pabhāta,Pabhāta,Pabhāta,[pp.of pabhāti] become clear or light,shining,dawning Sn.178 (sup°); esp.in phrase pabhātāya rattiyā when night had become light,i.e.given way to dawn,at daybreak J.I,81,500.-- (nt.) daybreak,morning S.I,211; SnA 519 (pabhāte); atipabhāte in broad daylight J.I,436.(Page 415),7,1
  8201. 319264,en,15,pabhata,pābhata,Pābhata,Pābhata,[pa+ābhata] brought,conveyed DA.I,262; SnA 356 (kathā°).(Page 453),7,1
  8202. 319274,en,15,pabhati,pabhāti,Pabhāti,Pabhāti,[pa+<em>bhā</em>] to shine forth,to become light,gleam,glitter J.V,199 (said of a river; =pavattati C.).-- pp.pabhāta.(Page 415),7,1
  8203. 319278,en,15,pabhati,pābhati,Pābhati,Pābhati,(nt.) [pa+ā+pp.of <em>bhṛ</em>] “that which has been brought here,” viz.1.a present,bribe DA.I,262.‹-› 2.money,price J.I,122; V,401,452.--kathā° “a tale brought,” occasion for something to tell,news,story J.I,252,364,378; SnA 356.(Page 453),7,1
  8204. 319286,en,15,pabhava,pabhava,Pabhava,Pabhava,(m. &#38; nt.) [fr.pa+<em>bhu</em>,cp.Ved.prabhava] production,origin,source,cause M.I,67; S.I,181; II,12; It.37 (āhāra-netti°); Sn.728,1050; Nd<sup>2</sup> under mūla (with syn.of sambhava &#38; samuṭṭhāna etc.); J.III,402= VI,518.(Page 415),7,1
  8205. 319295,en,15,pabhava,pabhāva,Pabhāva,Pabhāva,[fr.pa+bhū] might,power,strength,majesty,dignity J.V,36; VI,449.(Page 415),7,1
  8206. 319359,en,15,pabhavati,pabhavati,Pabhavati,Pabhavati,see <i>pahoti</i>.(Page 415),9,1
  8207. 319392,en,15,pabhaveti,pabhāveti,Pabhāveti,Pabhāveti,[Caus.of pabhavati] to increase,augment,foster Pv.II,9<sup>64</sup>=DhA.III,220 (dakkhiṇeyyaṃ).-- pp.<i>pabhāvita</i>.(Page 415),9,1
  8208. 319417,en,15,pabhavita,pabhāvita,Pabhāvita,Pabhāvita,[pp.of pabhāveti] increased,furthered,promoted Th.1,767 (bhava-netti°); expl<sup>d</sup> by samuṭṭhita C.(Page 415),9,1
  8209. 319431,en,15,pabheda,pabheda,Pabheda,Pabheda,[fr.pa+<em>bhid</em>,cp.pabhindati] breaking or splitting up,breaking,opening VvA.183; akkhara° breaking up of letters,word-analysis,phonology D.I,88 (=sikkhā ca nirutti ca DA.I,247=SnA 447).-- adj.(-°) breaking up into,i.e.consisting of,comprising,of various kinds J.I,84; PvA.8 (paṭisandhi-ādi°),130 (saviññāṇak’âviññāṇaka°).(Page 415),7,1
  8210. 319474,en,15,pabhedana,pabhedana,Pabhedana,Pabhedana,(nt.) [cp.pabheda] breaking up,destruction Sn.1105 (avijjāya°=bhedanaṃ pahānaṃ etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 403).(Page 415),9,1
  8211. 319569,en,15,pabhindati,pabhindati,Pabhindati,Pabhindati,[pa+bhindati] to split asunder (trs.),break,destroy Sn.973 (=bhindati sambhindati Nd<sup>1</sup> 503); ger.<i>pabhijja</i> S.I,193=Th.1,1242.-- Pass.<i>pabhijjati</i> to be broken,to burst (open),to split asunder (intrs.),to open S.I,150 (aor.pabhijjiṃsu); Sn.p.125 (id.); Vv 41<sup>3</sup> (break forth=pabhedaṃ gacchanti VvA.183; gloss pavajjare for pabhijjare); SnA 475 (=bhijjati).Also “to open,to be developed” (like a flower) Miln.93 (buddhi p.).-- pp.<i>pabhinna</i>.(Page 415),10,1
  8212. 319583,en,15,pabhinna,pabhinna,Pabhinna,Pabhinna,[pp.of pabhindati] 1.to burst open,broken (like a flower or fruit),flowing with juice; usually appl<sup>d</sup> to an elephant in rut,mad,furious M.I,236 (hatthi°); Dh.326 (hatthi°=mattahatthi DhA.IV,24)= Th.1,77; J.IV,494; VI,488; Pv.I,11<sup>2</sup> (read chinnapabhinna-gatta); Miln.261,312 (hatthināgaṃ tidhāpabhinnaṃ); DA.I,37 (°madaṃ caṇḍa-hatthiṃ).-- 2.developed,growing Miln.90 (°buddhi).(Page 415),8,1
  8213. 319634,en,15,pabhoti,pabhoti,Pabhoti,Pabhoti,etc.see <i>pahoti</i>.(Page 415),7,1
  8214. 319636,en,15,pabhu,pabhu,Pabhu,Pabhu,[fr.pa+<em>bhū</em>] iord,master,ruler,owner DA.I,250.(Page 415),5,1
  8215. 319657,en,15,pabhuti,pabhuti,Pabhuti,Pabhuti,(adj.) (-°) [Vedic prabhṛti] beginning,in meaning of:since,after,subsequently; <i>tato</i> p.from that time,henceforth VvA.158.(Page 415),7,1
  8216. 319664,en,15,pabhutika,pabhutika,Pabhutika,Pabhutika,(adj.) [fr.pabhuti] dating from,derived or coming from (Abl.) D.I,94 (kuto p.).(Page 415),9,1
  8217. 319678,en,15,pabodhana,pabodhana,Pabodhana,Pabodhana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.pabodhati] 1.(nt.) awakening waking,arising DhA.I,232 (°codana-kamma).-- 2.(adj.) arousing (or realising?) Vv 64<sup>22</sup> (=kata-pīti-pabodhano VvA.282); awaking Th.1,893 (samma-tāḷa°).(Page 413),9,1
  8218. 319691,en,15,pabodhati,pabodhati,Pabodhati,Pabodhati,[pa+bodhati] to awake,also trs.awaken,stir up,give rise to (or:to recognise,realise?); only in one phrase (perhaps corrupt),viz.yo nindaṃ appabodhati S Q7=Dh.143 (=nindaṃ apaharanto bujjhati DhA.III,86; trsl.KS 13 “forestalleth blame”).‹-› Caus.<i>pabodheti</i> (1) to enlighten,instruct,give a sign J.I,142; III,511.-- (2) to set going,arouse J.I,298; V,390.-- (3) to render oneself conspicuous J.V,8.(Page 413),9,1
  8219. 319747,en,15,pabruti,pabrūṭi,Pabrūṭi,Pabrūṭi,[pa+brūti] to speak out,proclaim,declare (publicly) Sn.131,649,870,952 and passim (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 211,273; Nd<sup>2</sup> 398,465).(Page 415),7,1
  8220. 319755,en,15,pabuddha,pabuddha,Pabuddha,Pabuddha,[pp.of pabujjhati] awakened S.I,143 (sutta° from sleep awakened),J.I,50; VvA.65.(Page 413),8,1
  8221. 319793,en,15,pabujjhati,pabujjhati,Pabujjhati,Pabujjhati,[pa+bujjhati] to wake up (intrs.),awake S.I,4,209; Dh.296 sq.; It.41 (suttā p.); J.I,61; II,103; IV,431 (opp.niddāyati); DA.I,140.-- pp.<i>pabuddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 413),10,1
  8222. 319859,en,15,pacaka,pācaka,Pācaka,Pācaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.<em>pac</em>,cp.pāceti] one who cooks,a cook; f.°ikā J.I,318.(Page 449),6,1
  8223. 319866,en,15,pacala,pacala,Pacala,Pacala,[fr.pa+<em>cal</em>] shaking,trembling,wavering DhsA.378.(Page 382),6,1
  8224. 319882,en,15,pacalaka,pacālaka,Pacālaka,Pacālaka,(adj.) [fr.pacāleti] swinging,shaking; nt.Acc.as adv.in <i>kāya-</i> ( &#38; bāhu°) <i>ppacālakaṃ</i> after the manner or in the style of swaying the body (or swinging the arms) Vin.II,213.(Page 383),8,1
  8225. 319900,en,15,pacalati,pacalati,Pacalati,Pacalati,[pa+calati] to dangle VvA.36 (v.l.BB paj°).(Page 382),8,1
  8226. 319923,en,15,pacalayati,pacalāyati,Pacalāyati,Pacalāyati,[quasi-denom.or caus.fr.pacala,pa+<em>cal</em>,cp.daṇḍāyati and pacāleti] to make (the eyelid) waver,to wink,to be sleepy,nod,begin to doze A.III,343= IV.344; IV,85 (quot.at DhsA.236); J.I,384 (°āyituṃ ārabbhi); Vism.300.(Page 382),10,1
  8227. 319938,en,15,pacalayika,pacalāyikā,Pacalāyikā,Pacalāyikā,(f.) [abstr.fr.pacalāyati] nodding,wavering (of the eyelids),blinking,being sleepy Dhs.1157 (=akkhidalādīnaṃ pacalabhāvaṃ karoti DhsA.378).(Page 383),10,1
  8228. 319958,en,15,pacaleti,pacāleti,Pacāleti,Pacāleti,[pa+Caus.of <em>cal</em>] to swing,sway,move about Th.1,200 (mā pacālesi “sway and nod” Trsl<sup>n</sup>).(Page 383),8,1
  8229. 319964,en,15,pacalita,pacalita,Pacalita,Pacalita,[pp.of pacalati] shaken,wavering,unstable Th.1,260.(Page 383),8,1
  8230. 319981,en,15,pacana,pacana,Pacana,Pacana,(nt.) [fr.<em>pac</em>,su pacati] cooking J̄ III,425 (°thālikā); V,385 (°bhājana); ThA.29 (bhatta°); DA.I,270; PvA.135.(Page 382),6,1
  8231. 319991,en,15,pacana,pācana,Pācana,Pācana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [for pājana,cp.pāceti<sup>2</sup> &#38; SnA 147] a goad,stick S.I,172; Sn.p.13; V,77; J.III,281; IV,310.<br><br> --yaṭṭhi driving stick,goad stick S.I,115.(Page 449),6,1
  8232. 319992,en,15,pacana,pācana,Pācana,Pācana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>pac</em>,Caus.pāceti] bringing to boil,cooking J.I,318 (yāgu°).Cp.pari°.(Page 449),6,1
  8233. 320068,en,15,pacapeti,pacāpeti,Pacāpeti,Pacāpeti,[Caus.of pacati] to cause to be cooked,to cook Vin.IV,264; J.I,126 (āhāraṃ); II,15 (bhattaṃ),122.(Page 383),8,1
  8234. 320107,en,15,pacarati,pacarati,Pacarati,Pacarati,[pa+carati] to go after,walk in; fig.practise,perform,observe Vv 32<sup>9</sup> (v.l.pavarati,cp.VvA.136).(Page 382),8,1
  8235. 320118,en,15,pacareti,pacāreti,Pacāreti,Pacāreti,[pa+cāreti,Caus.of <em>car</em>] to go about in (Acc.),to frequent,to visit A.I,182,183 (pacārayāmi,gloss sañcarissāmi).(Page 383),8,1
  8236. 320134,en,15,pacariya,pācariya,Pācariya,Pācariya,(-°) [pa+ācariya] only as 2<sup>nd</sup> part of a (redupl.) compound <i>ācariya-pācariya</i> in the nature of comb<sup>ns</sup> mentioned under a<sup>1</sup> 3 b:“teacher upon teacher” (expl<sup>d</sup> by C<SUP>Q</SUP> as “teacher of teachers”) D.I,90 (cp.DA.I,254); II,237,etc.(see ācariya).(Page 450),8,1
  8237. 320148,en,15,pacati,pacati,Pacati,Pacati,[Ved.pacati,Idg.<i>*peqǔō</i>,Av.pac-; Obulg.peka to fry,roast,Lith,kepū bake,Gr.pέssw cook,pέpwn ripe] to cook,boil,roast Vin.IV,264; fig.torment in purgatory (trs.and intrs.):Niraye pacitvā after roasting in N.S.II,225,PvA.10,14.-- ppr.pacanto tormenting,Gen.pacato (+Caus.pācayato) D.I,52 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,159,where read pacato for paccato,by pare daṇḍena pīḷentassa).-- pp.<i>pakka</i> (q.v.).‹-› Caus.<i>pacāpeti </i>&<i> pāceti</i> (q.v.).-- Pass.<i>paccati</i> to be roasted or tormented (q.v.).(Page 382),6,1
  8238. 320162,en,15,pacca°,pacca°,Pacca°,Pacca°,is contracted form of paṭi before a°,like paccakampittha pret.fr.paṭikampati.(Page 383),6,1
  8239. 320171,en,15,paccabhasati,paccābhāsati,Paccābhāsati,Paccābhāsati,[paṭi+ābhāsati] to retort,recite,explain,relate PvA.57 (sic lege for pacchā°).-- pp.<i>paccābhaṭṭha</i>.(Page 385),12,1
  8240. 320184,en,15,paccabhattha,paccābhaṭṭha,Paccābhaṭṭha,Paccābhaṭṭha,[pp.of paccābhāsati] recited,explained J.II,48.(Page 384),12,1
  8241. 320194,en,15,paccabhinnana,paccabhiññāṇa,Paccabhiññāṇa,Paccabhiññāṇa,(nt.) [paṭi+abhi+ñāṇa] recognition DhsA.110.(Page 384),13,1
  8242. 320215,en,15,paccacamati,paccācamati,Paccācamati,Paccācamati,[paṭi+ā+camati; often spelt °vamati,but see Trenckner,Miln.425] to swallow up,resorb S.V,48= A.V,337; J.I,311; Miln.150; Caus.<i>°camāpeti</i> Miln.150.(Page 384),11,1
  8243. 320227,en,15,paccacikkhati,paccācikkhati,Paccācikkhati,Paccācikkhati,[Intens.of paccakkhāti,paṭi+ā+cikkhati of <i>khyā</i>] to reject,repudiate,disallow D.III,3; M.I,245,428; Vin.IV,235.(Page 384),13,1
  8244. 320264,en,15,paccagacchati,paccāgacchati,Paccāgacchati,Paccāgacchati,[paṭi+āgacchati] to fall back on,return again,to go back to (Acc.),withdraw,slide back from (° to) Vin.I,184; M.I,265; III,114; Nd<sup>1</sup> 108,312; Kvu 624 (spelt wrongly pacchā°); PvA.14,109,250.Cp.<i>pacceti</i>.(Page 384),13,1
  8245. 320293,en,15,paccagamana,paccāgamana,Paccāgamana,Paccāgamana,(nt.) [fr.paṭi+ā+<em>gam</em>] return,going back,backsliding Miln.246.(Page 384),11,1
  8246. 320347,en,15,paccagata,paccāgata,Paccāgata,Paccāgata,[pp.of paccāgacchati] gone back,withdrawn J.V,120; Miln.125.(Page 384),9,1
  8247. 320356,en,15,paccaggala,paccaggaḷa,Paccaggaḷa,Paccaggaḷa,(adj.) [pratyak+gaḷa] in phrase paccaggaḷe aṭṭhāsi “stuck in his throat” M.I,333.(Page 383),10,1
  8248. 320364,en,15,paccaggha,paccaggha,Paccaggha,Paccaggha,(adj.) [paṭi+aggha,cp.Sk.pratyagra of diff.derivation] recent,new,beautiful,quite costly Vin.I,4; J.I,80; II,435; Pv.II,3<sup>16</sup> (=abhinava mahaggha vā PvA.87); III,10<sup>5</sup> (=abhinava PvA.214); Dāvs.V,25; PvA.44.(Page 383),9,1
  8249. 320377,en,15,paccagu,paccagū,Paccagū,Paccagū,(adj.-n.) [a difficult word,composed of pacca+ gū,the latter a by-form of °ga,as in paṭṭhagū,vedagū pāragū.pacca may be praṭya,an adv.form<sup>n</sup> of prep.praṭi,and paṭṭha its doublet.It is not certain whether we should read paṭṭhagū here as well (see paṭṭhagū).The form may also be expl<sup>d</sup> as a substantivised pl.3rd pret.of praṭi+gacchati=paccaguṃ] “one who goes toward,” a pupil S.I,104 (Mārassa); vv.ll.baddhabhū,paṭṭhagū.Windisch,Māra &#38; Buddha trsl<sup>s</sup> “unter M’s Herrschaft,” and refers paṭṭhagu to Sk.,pātyagāḥ.Bdhgh (see Kindred Sayings,1,p.319) reads <i>baddhagū</i> and expl<sup>ns</sup> by bandhavara sissa antevāsika.(Page 383),7,1
  8250. 320409,en,15,paccaharati,paccāharati,Paccāharati,Paccāharati,[paṭi+āharati] to bring back,take back Vin.II,265; III,140; J.IV,304.(Page 385),11,1
  8251. 320447,en,15,paccajata,paccājāta,Paccājāta,Paccājāta,[pp.of paccājāyati] reborn,come to a new existence D.I,62; III,264; M.I,93; Pug.51.(Page 384),9,1
  8252. 320462,en,15,paccajayati,paccājāyati,Paccājāyati,Paccājāyati,[paṭi+ā+jāyati] to be reborn in a new existence M.III,169; S.II,263; V,466,474.-- pp.paccājāta (q.v.).(Page 384),11,1
  8253. 320481,en,15,paccakata,paccākata,Paccākata,Paccākata,[pp.of paṭi+a+<em>kṛ</em>] rejected,disappointed Vin.IV,237,238.(Page 384),9,1
  8254. 320492,en,15,paccakkha,paccakkha,Paccakkha,Paccakkha,(adj.) [paṭi+akkha<sup>3</sup>,cp.Ved.pratyakṣa] “before the eye,” perceptible to the senses,evident,clear,present DhsA.254; PvA.125; Sdhp.416.Often in obl.cases,viz.Instr.<i>°ena</i> personally J.I,377; Abl.<i>°ato</i> from personal experience J.V,45,195,281; <i>appaccakkhāya</i> without seeing or direct perception,in expl<sup>n</sup> of paccaya at Vism.532; also in phrase <i>paccakkhato ñatvā</i> having seen or found out for himself,knowing personally J.I,262; III,168.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> making clear,i.e.demonstration,realisation,only neg.<i>a°</i> not realising etc.S.III,262; Dhs.390 (trsl.“inability to demonstrate”; cp.DhsA.254).(Page 383),9,1
  8255. 320583,en,15,paccakkhana,paccakkhāna,Paccakkhāna,Paccakkhāna,(nt.) [fr.paṭi+ā+<em>khyā</em>] rejection,refusal J.VI,422.(Page 383),11,1
  8256. 320638,en,15,paccakkhata,paccakkhāta,Paccakkhāta,Paccakkhāta,[pp.of paccakkhāti] rejected,given up,abandoned,repudiated Vin.II,244,245 (sikkhā); III,25 (id.); J.IV,108; DhA.I,12.Cp.Vin.Texts I.275.(Page 383),11,1
  8257. 320662,en,15,paccakkhati,paccakkhāti,Paccakkhāti,Paccakkhāti,[paṭi+akkhāti=ā+<em>khyā</em>] lit.to speak against,i.e.to reject,refuse,disavow,abandon,give up,usually in connection with Buddhaṃ,dhammaṃ,sikkhaṃ or similar terms of a religious-moral nature Vin.III,25; S.II,231,271; A.IV,372.-- ger.<i>paccak-</i> <i>khāya</i>,in foll.conn<sup>s</sup> <i>ācariyaṃ</i> J.IV,200; <i>sikkhaṃ</i> Vin.III,23,34 (a°); S.II,231; IV,190; Pug.66,67; sabbaṃ S.IV,15; <i>ariyasaccaṃ</i> S.V,428.<i>paccakkhāsi</i> at J.V,8 is gloss for <i>pakatthāsi</i>.-- pp.<i>paccakkhāta</i> (q.v.).‹-› Intens.<i>paccācikkhati</i> (q.v.).(Page 383),11,1
  8258. 320706,en,15,paccakkosana,paccakkosana,Paccakkosana,Paccakkosana,(nt.) [fr.paṭi+ā+<em>kruś</em>] cursing in return DhA.IV,148 (a°).(Page 383),12,1
  8259. 320720,en,15,paccakkosati,paccakkosati,Paccakkosati,Paccakkosati,[paṭi+ā+<em>kruś</em>] to curse in return S.I,162; A.II,215.(Page 383),12,1
  8260. 320736,en,15,paccakotita,paccākoṭita,Paccākoṭita,Paccākoṭita,[pp.of paṭi+ākoṭeti] flattened or smoothed out,pressed,ironed (ākoṭita+of the robes) M.I,385; S.II,281; DhA.I,37.(Page 384),11,1
  8261. 320743,en,15,paccaladdhamsu,paccaladdhaṃsu,Paccaladdhaṃsu,Paccaladdhaṃsu,see <i>paṭilabhati</i>.(Page 384),14,1
  8262. 320795,en,15,paccamitta,paccāmitta,Paccāmitta,Paccāmitta,[paccā=Sk.pratyak,adv.;+mitta,cp.Ep.Sk.pratyamitra] lit.“back-friend,” adversary,enemy D.I,70; A.IV,106; J.I,488:DA.I,182; PvA.155.(Page 385),10,1
  8263. 320819,en,15,paccana,paccana,Paccana,Paccana,(nt.) [fr.paccati,cp.pacana] being boiled,boiling.torture,torment J.V,270; SnA 476 (°okāsa).(Page 384),7,1
  8264. 320850,en,15,paccaneti,paccāneti,Paccāneti,Paccāneti,[paṭi+ā+neti] to lead back to (Acc.) Pv.II,11<sup>6</sup> (=punar āneti C.).(Page 384),9,1
  8265. 320858,en,15,paccanga,paccaṅga,Paccaṅga,Paccaṅga,(nt.) [paṭi+aṅga] lit.“by-limb,” small limb,only in comp<sup>d</sup> <i>aṅgapaccaṅgāni</i> limbs great and small,all limbs:see <i>aṅga</i>.(Page 383),8,1
  8266. 320865,en,15,paccanika,paccanika,Paccanika,Paccanika,Paccanīya (adj.n.) [cp.Sk.pratyanīka &#38; see paccatthika] 1.contrary,adverse,opposed; (1) m.enemy,adversary,opponent M.I,378; S.I,179; IV,127= Sn.761; Ps.II,67 sq.; SnA 288.Cp.vi.° -- 2.(in method) reverse,negative,opp.to anuloma.Tikp 71 passim; cp.paṭiloma.<br><br> <i>--gāthā</i> response,responding verse (cp.paṭigāthā) SnA 39.(Page 384),9,1
  8267. 321036,en,15,paccanjana,paccañjana,Paccañjana,Paccañjana,(nt.) [paṭi+añjana] anointing,ointment,unction D.I,12=M.I,511; DA.I,98 (=bhavanīya-sītalabhessajj’añjanaṃ).(Page 383),10,1
  8268. 321055,en,15,paccanta,paccanta,Paccanta,Paccanta,(adj.n.) [paṭi+anta,cp.Sk.pratyanta] adj.adjoining,bordering on,neighbouring,adjacent Dh.315; J.I,11 (V.47,°desa),377 (°vāsika); PvA.201 (°nagara); DhA.III,488 (id.); Sdhp.11 (°visaya).‹-› (m.) the border,outskirts,neighbourhood Vin.I,73; J.I,126 (vihāra°); II,37; Miln.314 (°e kupite in a border disturbance); DhA.I,101 (id.); PvA.20 (id.).°ṃ vūpasāmeti to appease the border PvA.20.-- P.in sense of “heathen” at Vism.121.(Page 384),8,1
  8269. 321166,en,15,paccantima,paccantima,Paccantima,Paccantima,(adj.) [fr.paccanta,cp.BSk.pratyantima frontier Divy 21,426] bordering,adjoining,next to Vin.II.166; Sdhp.5.(Page 384),10,1
  8270. 321196,en,15,paccanubhasati,paccanubhāsati,Paccanubhāsati,Paccanubhāsati,[paṭi+anubhāsati,cp.BSk.pratyavabhāṣate to call to Divy 9] to speak out or mention correspondingly,to enumerate KhA 78,79 sq.(Page 384),14,1
  8271. 321269,en,15,paccanubhoti,paccanubhoti,Paccanubhoti,Paccanubhoti,[paṭi+anu+<em>bhū</em>,BSk.pratyanubhavati Divy 54,262 etc.] to experience,undergo,realise M.I,295; S.V,218,264 sq.,286 sq.353; A.III,425 sq.; It.38; PvA.26,44,107 (dukkhaṃ).-- fut.<i>paccanubhossati</i> D.II,213; S.I,133,227; Pv III,5<sup>6</sup>.-- Pass.<i>paccanubhavīyati</i> PvA.146 (for upalabbhati).-- pp.<i>paccanubhūta</i> M.II,32; S.II,178; It.15.(Page 384),12,1
  8272. 321295,en,15,paccanusittha,paccanusiṭṭha,Paccanusiṭṭha,Paccanusiṭṭha,[paṭi+anusiṭṭha] advised,admonished D.II,209=225.(Page 384),13,1
  8273. 321338,en,15,paccaropeti,paccāropeti,Paccāropeti,Paccāropeti,[paṭi+āropeti] to show in return,retort,explain M.I,96; A.IV,193.Cp.<i>paccabhāsati</i>.(Page 385),11,1
  8274. 321346,en,15,paccasa,paccāsā,Paccāsā,Paccāsā,f.[paṭi+āśā,cp.Sk.pratyāśā] expectation Vin.IV,286.(Page 385),7,1
  8275. 321361,en,15,paccasanne,paccāsanne,Paccāsanne,Paccāsanne,(adv.) [paṭi+āsanne] near by PvA.216=280 (Page 385),10,1
  8276. 321374,en,15,paccasareti,paccāsāreti,Paccāsāreti,Paccāsāreti,[paṭi+ā+sāreti,Caus.of <em>sṛ</em>] to make go (or turn) backward M.I,124=A.III,28 (=paṭinivatteti C.); Vism.308 (sāreti pi p.pi).(Page 385),11,1
  8277. 321380,en,15,paccasari,paccasāri,Paccasāri,Paccasāri,see <i>paṭisarati</i>.(Page 384),9,1
  8278. 321386,en,15,paccasati,paccāsati,Paccāsati,Paccāsati,[fr.paṭi+āśā or=paccāsaṃsati or °siṃsati?] to ask,beg,pray Pv IV.5<sup>6</sup> (°anto for °āsaṃsanto? C.expln<sup>ns</sup> by āsiṃsanto).(Page 385),9,1
  8279. 321405,en,15,paccasimsati,paccāsiṃsati,Paccāsiṃsati,Paccāsiṃsati,[paṭi+āsiṃsati] to expect,wait for,desire,hope for,ask D.II,100; A.III,124; J.I,346,483; III,176; V,214; DhA.I,14; II,84; DA.I,318; VvA.336,346; PvA.22,25,63,260.(Page 385),12,1
  8280. 321464,en,15,paccassosi,paccassosi,Paccassosi,Paccassosi,see <i>patissuṇāṭi</i>.(Page 384),10,1
  8281. 321488,en,15,paccati,paccati,Paccati,Paccati,[Pass.of pacati,cp.BSk.pacyate Divy 422] to be boiled,fig.to be formented or vexed,to suffer.Nearly always applied to the torture of boiling in Niraya,where it is meant literally.-- S.I,92; V,344 (kālena paccanti read for kāle na p.); A.I,141 (phenuddehakaṃ p.niraye); Sn.670,671; Dh.69,119,120 (pāpaṃ suffer for sin,cp.DhA.III,14); J.V,268; Pv IV.1<sup>29</sup> (=dukkhaṃ pāpuṇanti PvA.228); IV,3<sup>39</sup> (niraye paccare janā=paccanti PvA.255); DhA.III,64 (expl<sup>n</sup> for tappati).(Page 383),7,1
  8282. 321501,en,15,paccatta,paccatta,Paccatta,Paccatta,(adj.) [paṭi+attan] separate,individual; usually Acc.<i>°ṃ</i> adv.separately,individually,singly,by himself,in his own heart D.I,24 (yeva nibbuti viditā); DA.on D.II,77=attano attano abbhantare; M.I,251,337 (°vedaniya N.of a purgatory),422; S.II,199; III,54 sq.,IV.23,41 sq.,168,539; Sn.611,906; Dh.165; Pv III,10<sup>6</sup> (°vedanā separate sufferings,=visuṃ visuṃ attanā anubhūyamānā mahādukkhavedanā PvA.214); Dhs.1044 (ajjhatta+; trsl<sup>d</sup> “self referable”); Miln.96 (°purisa-kāra); DhsA.169; VvA.9,13; PvA.232.<br><br> <i>--vacana</i> expression of separate relation,i.e.case of reference,or of the direct object,reflexive case,N.of the Acc.case SnA 303; VvA.281; PvA.30,35; KhA 213,236; in lieu of karaṇa KhA 213,of sāmin SnA 594.(Page 383),8,1
  8283. 321577,en,15,paccattharana,paccattharaṇa,Paccattharaṇa,Paccattharaṇa,(nt.) [pati+ā+<em>stṛ</em>,cp.BSk.pratyāstaraṇa Divy 19] something spread against,i.e.under or over,a cover,spread,rug,cushion or carpet to sit on,bedding of a couch (nisīdana°) Vin.I,47,295,296; II,208,218; D.I,7 (kadali-miga-pavara°,cp.DA.I,87); A.I,137 (id.); III,50 (id.); J.I,126; IV,353 (uṇṇāmaya); PvA.141,137.(Page 383),13,1
  8284. 321601,en,15,paccatthata,paccatthata,Paccatthata,Paccatthata,[pp.of gaṭi+ā+<em>stṛ</em>] spread out D.II,211.(Page 383),11,1
  8285. 321610,en,15,paccatthika,paccatthika,Paccatthika,Paccatthika,(adj.n.) [paṭi+attha+ka,lit.opposite to useful,cp.Sk.pratyanīka &#38; pratyarthin] an opponent,adversary,enemy Vin.II,94 sq.(atta° personal enemy); A.V,71 (id.; T.attha°); D.I,50,70,137; It.83; PvA.62.Cp.<i>paccāmitta</i>.(Page 383),11,1
  8286. 321670,en,15,paccavekkha,paccavekkhā,Paccavekkhā,Paccavekkhā,(f.) [cp.late Sk.pratyavekṣā] imagination Mbhv 27.(Page 384),11,1
  8287. 321686,en,15,paccavekkhana,paccavekkhana,Paccavekkhana,Paccavekkhana,(nt.) &<i> </i>Paccavekkhanā (f.) [paṭi+avekkhana,cp.late Sk.pratyaveksana &#38; °nā] looking at,consideration,regard,attention,reflection,contemplation,reviewing (cp.Cpd.58) M.I,415; D.III,278; A.III,27; Pug.21 (a°); Dhs.390 (a°=dhammānaṃ sabhāvaṃ pati na apekkhati DhsA.254,trsl.“inability to consider”); Miln.388; Nett 85; VbhA.140; Vism.43 (twofold); Sdhp.413.(Page 384),13,1
  8288. 321848,en,15,paccavekkhati,paccavekkhati,Paccavekkhati,Paccavekkhati,[paṭi+avekkhati] to look upon,consider,review,realise,contemplate,see M.I,415; S.III,103; 151 sq.,IV.111,236 sq.; J.V,302; Vbh.193,194 (cp.A.III,323); Miln.16; PvA.62,277; VvA.6,48.(Page 384),13,1
  8289. 321892,en,15,paccavidhum,paccavidhuṃ,Paccavidhuṃ,Paccavidhuṃ, &#38; Paccavyādhiṃ see <i>paṭivijjhati</i>.(Page 384),11,1
  8290. 321908,en,15,paccaya,paccaya,Paccaya,Paccaya,[fr.paṭi+<i>i</i>,cp.Ved.pratyaya &#38; P.pacceti,paṭicca] lit.resting on,falling back on,foundation; cause,motive etc.See on term as t.t.of philosophy Tikapaṭṭhāna I,foreword; J.P.T.S.1916,21 f.; Cpd.42 sq. &#38; esp.259 sq.-- 1.(lit.) support,requisite,means,stay.Usually with ref.to the 4 necessaries of the bhikkhu’s daily life,viz.cīvara,piṇḍapāta,senāsana,(gilānapaccaya-) bhesajja,i.e.clothing,food as alms,a dwelling-place,medicine:see under <i>cīvara</i>.Sn.339 (paccaya=gilāna-paccaya SnA 342); Miln.336; Mhvs 3,15.-- 2.(appl<sup>d</sup>) reason,cause,ground,motive,means,condition M.I,259 (yaṃ yad eva paccayaṃ paṭicca by whatever cause or by whichever means); S.II,65; Nett 78 sq.; DA.I,125; PvA.104.The fourfold cause (catubbidho paccayo) of rūpa (material form) consists of kamma,citta,utu,āhāra:Vism.600.Var.paccayas discussed at VbhA.166 sq.(twofold,with ref.to paṭisandhi),183 (eightfold),202,205 sq.254 (4).sappaccaya founded,having a reason or cause S.V,213 sq.; A.I,82; Nd<sup>2</sup> mūla; Dhs.1084,1437.-- yathā paccayaṃ karoti do as he likes Nd<sup>2</sup> p.280=S.III,33.Often coupled with hetu,e.g.at S.IV,68 sq.; A.I.66; IV,151 sq.; D.III,284; Nd<sup>2</sup> under mūla; Ps.II,116 sq.,paccaya came to be distinguished from hetu as the genus of which hetu was the typical,chief species.I.e.paccaya became synonymous with our “relation,” understood in a causal sense,hetu meaning condition,causal antecedent,and 23 other relations being added as special modes of causality.Later still these 24 were held reducible to 4 Tikp 1 f.(and foreword); Cpd.197.Cp.Paṭṭhāna.-- Abl.<i>paccayā</i> as adv.by means of,through,by reason of,caused by D.I,45 (vedanā °taṇhā etc.,see paṭicca-samuppāda); M.I,261 (jātippaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ); Pv.I,5<sup>2</sup> (<i>kamma°</i>); IV,1<sup>50</sup> (<i>tap°</i>); PvA.147 (kamma°).-- 3.ground for,belief,confidence,trust,reliance J.I,118,169; apara° without relying on anyone else S.III,83,135; A.IV,186,210; PvA.226.<br><br> <i>--ākāra</i> the mode of causes,i.e.the Paṭiccasamuppāda DhsA.2,3; VbhA.130 sq.(cp.Vism.522 sq.).(Page 384),7,1
  8291. 322710,en,15,paccayata,paccayatā,Paccayatā,Paccayatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.paccaya] the fact of having a cause,causation,causal relation,in phrase <i>idappaccayatā</i> (adv.) from an ascertained cause,by way of cause Vin.I,5; D.I,185; S.I,136; II,25.(Page 384),9,1
  8292. 322860,en,15,paccayika,paccayika,Paccayika,Paccayika,(adj.) [fr.paccaya] trustworthy D.I,4; S.I,150; A.II,209; J.VI,384 (paccāyika); Pug.57; DA.I,73; SnA 475.(Page 384),9,1
  8293. 322947,en,15,pacceka,pacceka,Pacceka,Pacceka,(adj.) [paṭi+eka,cp.BSk.pratyeka Divy 335,336] each one,single,by oneself,separate,various,several D.I,49 (itthi); II,261 (°vasavattin,of the 10 issaras); S.I,26 (°gāthā a stanza each),146 (°brahma an independent Brahma); A.II,41 (°sacca); V,29 (id.); Sn.824 (id.),1009 (°gaṇino each one having followers= visuṃ visuṃ gaṇavanto SnA 583); J.IV,114 (°bodhiñāṇa); Nd<sup>1</sup> 58 (°muni); DA.I,148 (paccekā itthiyo); SnA 52 (°bodhisatta one destined to become a Paccekabuddha),67 (id.),73 (°sambodhi),476 (niraya a separate or special purgatory); PvA.251 (id.),Sdhp.589 (°bodhi).-- <i>paccekaṃ</i> (adv.) singly,individually,to each one VvA.282.See also pāṭekka.<br><br> <i>--buddha</i> one enlightened by himself,i.e.one who has attained to the supreme and perfect insight,but dies without proclaiming the truth to the world.M.III,68; S.I,92 (“Silent Buddha” trsl<sup>n</sup>); J.III,470; IV,114; Ud.50 (P.Tagarasikhi); Nett 190; KhA 178,199; SnA 47,58,63; DhA.I,80,171,224,230; IV,201; PvA.144,263,265 (=isi),272,283.(Page 385),7,1
  8294. 323149,en,15,pacceti,pacceti,Pacceti,Pacceti,[paṭi+i] to come on to,come back to,fig.fall back on,realise,find one’s hold in D.I,186 (“take for granted,” cp.note Dial.I.252); M.I,309 (kaṃ hetuṃ),445 (id.); S.I,182 (“believe in,” C.icchati pattheti); Sn.662,788,800,803,840=908; Dh.125 (=paṭieti DhA.III,34); Nd<sup>1</sup> 85,108 (=paccāgacchati),114; Pv.II,3<sup>20</sup> (=avagacchati PvA.87); Nett 93; Miln.125,313; PvA.116 (bālaṃ),241 (agree to=paṭijānāti).‹-› ger.paṭicca (q.v.).Cp.paccāgacchati -- pp.paṭīta (q.v.).(Page 385),7,1
  8295. 323171,en,15,paccha,pacchā,Pacchā,Pacchā,(adv.) [Vedic paścā &#38; paścāt see pacchato] behind,aft,after,afterwards,back; westward D.I,205; Sn.645,773,949; Nd<sup>1</sup> 33 (=pacchā vuccati anāgataṃ,pure vuccati atītaṃ); Nd<sup>2</sup> 395; Dh.172,314,421; Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup>,11<sup>5</sup> (opp.purato); II,9<sup>9</sup> (=aparabhāge PvA.116); PvA.4,50,88; VvA.71.<br><br> <i>--ânutappati</i> [fr.ânutāpa] to feel remorse Pv.II,7<sup>12</sup>; J.V,117.-- <i>ânutāpa</i> [cp.Sk.paścattāpa] remorse,repentance Sdhp.288.<i>--āsa</i> (nt.) [āsa<sup>2</sup>] “eating afterwards,“ i.e.aftermath S.I,74 -- <i>gacchati</i> at Kvu 624 see paccā°.<i>--gataka</i> going or coming behind J.VI,30.<i>--jāta</i> (-paccaya),11th of the 24 paccayas,q.v.causal relation of posteriority in time.<i>--nipātin</i> one who retires to rest later than another (opp.Pubb’uṭṭhāyin getting up before others) D.I,60; III,191; A.III,37; IV,265,267 sq.; DA.I,168.-- <i>bāhaṃ</i> “arm behind,” i.e.with arms (tied) behind one’s back D.I,245; J.I,264; DhA.II,39.-- <i>bhatta</i> “after-meal,” i.e.after the midday meal,either as °ṃ (Acc.-adv.) in the afternoon,after the main meal,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>piṇḍapāta</i>.<i> paṭikkanta</i> “returning from the alms-round after dinner” A.III,320; PvA.11,16,38 and passim (cp.BSk.paścādbhakta-piṇḍapāta-pratikrānta,see Indexes to AvŚ. &#38; Divy),or as °kicca the duties after the midday meal (opp.purebhatta°) DA.I,47 (in detail); SnA 133,134.<i>--bhattika</i> one who eats afterwards,i.e.afternoon,when it is improper to eat A.III,220 (khalu°,q.v.).<i>--bhāga</i> hind or after part J.II,91; PvA.114.<i>--bhāsati</i> see paccā°.<i>--bhūma</i> belonging to the western country S.III,5.<i>--bhūmaka</i> id.S.IV,312=A.V,263.<i>--mukha</i> looking westward M.III,5; D.II,207; Th.1,529; DhA.III,155 (opp.pācīna eastern).-- <i>vāmanaka</i> dwarfed in his hind part J.IV,137.-- <i>samaṇa</i> [BSk.paścācchramaṇa &#38; opp.purahśramaṇa AvŚ II.67,150; Divy 154,330,494] a junior Wanderer or bhikkhu (Thera) who walks behind a senior (Thera) on his rounds.The one accompanying Gotama Buddha is Ānanda Vin.I,46; III,10 (Ānanda); IV,78 (id.); Ud.90 (Nāgasamāla); J.IV,123; Miln.15 (Nāgasena); PvA.38,93 (Ānanda).(Page 386),6,1
  8296. 323249,en,15,pacchada,pacchada,Pacchada,Pacchada,[fr.pa+<em>chad</em>,cp.Sk.pracchada] a cover,wrapper; girdle Th.2,378 (=uracchada ThA253); DhsA.397 (v.l.for °cchāda).(Page 386),8,1
  8297. 323258,en,15,pacchada,pacchāda,Pacchāda,Pacchāda,[pa+chāda] cover,covering,wrapper,in phrase nelaṅgo setappacchādo S.IV,291=Ud.76=DA.I,75= DhsA.397.(Page 386),8,1
  8298. 323262,en,15,pacchaddana,pacchaḍḍana,Pacchaḍḍana,Pacchaḍḍana,(nt.) [pa+chaḍḍana] vomiting,throwing out Sdhp.137.(Page 386),11,1
  8299. 323334,en,15,pacchaliyam,pacchāḷiyaṃ,Pacchāḷiyaṃ,Pacchāḷiyaṃ,at A.III,76 is of uncertain reading &#38; meaning; in phrase p.<i>khipanti</i>:either “throw into the lap” (?) or (better) read <i>pacchiyaṃ</i>,Loc.of pacchi “into the basket” (of the girls &#38; women).(Page 386),11,1
  8300. 323361,en,15,pacchanna,pacchanna,Pacchanna,Pacchanna,[pa+channa,of <em>chad</em>] covered,wrapped,hidden Th.1,299; J.III,129.(Page 386),9,1
  8301. 323397,en,15,pacchanutappati,pacchānutappati,Pacchānutappati,Pacchānutappati,see under <i>pacchā</i>.(Page 386),15,1
  8302. 323424,en,15,pacchasa,pacchāsa,Pacchāsa,Pacchāsa,[cp.pacchāli? perhaps fr.pacchā+<em>aś</em>] aftermath S.I,74.(Page 386),8,1
  8303. 323457,en,15,pacchato,pacchato,Pacchato,Pacchato,(adv.) [Abl.formation fr.*paccha=Ved.paścā &#38; paścāt,fr.Idg.*pos as in Lith.pàs near by,pastaras the last; cp.Av.pasca behind,Lat.post,after] behind,after Dh.348 (=anāgatesu khandhesu DhA.IV,63; opp.pure); PvA.56,74; DhA.III,197 (°vatti).Often doubled pacchato pacchato,i.e.always or close behind,J.II,123 (opp.purato purato).-- Cp.<i>pacchā </i>&<i> pacchima</i>.(Page 386),8,1
  8304. 323480,en,15,pacchaya,pacchāyā,Pacchāyā,Pacchāyā,(f.) [pa+chāyā] a place in the shade,shaded part Vin.I,180; II,193; D.I,152 (=chāyā DA.I,310); II,205; A.III,320.(Page 386),8,1
  8305. 323488,en,15,pacchedana,pacchedana,Pacchedana,Pacchedana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>chid</em>] breaking,cutting DA.I,141.(Page 386),10,1
  8306. 323498,en,15,pacchi,pacchi,Pacchi,Pacchi,(f.) [etym.doubtful] a basket J.I,9,243; II,68; III,21; VI,369 (paṇṇa°),560 (phala°); DhA.II,3; IV,205 (°pasibbaka).(Page 386),6,1
  8307. 323512,en,15,pacchijjana,pacchijjana,Pacchijjana,Pacchijjana,(nt.) [fr.last] stopping,interruption J.III,214 (read assu-pacchijjana-divaso? passage corrupt.).(Page 386),11,1
  8308. 323526,en,15,pacchijjati,pacchijjati,Pacchijjati,Pacchijjati,[pa+chijjati,Pass.of <em>chid</em>] to be cut short,to be interrupted J.I,503 (lohitaṃ p.).(Page 386),11,1
  8309. 323558,en,15,pacchima,pacchima,Pacchima,Pacchima,(adj.) [Sk.paścima,superl.formation fr.*paśca,cp.pacchato &#38; pacchā] 1.hindmost,hind-,back-,last (opp.purima),latest D.I,239; M.I,23 (°yāma the last night watch); DA.I,45 sq.(id.°kicca duties or performances in the 3<sup>rd</sup> watch,corresp.to purima° &#38; majjhima°); Sn.352; J.IV,137 (°pāda); VI,364 (°dvāra); PvA.5,75.-- 2.western (opp.purima or puratthima) D.I,153 (disā); S.I,145.-- 3.lowest,meanest Vin.II,108; M.I,23; S.II,203.(Page 386),8,1
  8310. 323709,en,15,pacchimaka,pacchimaka,Pacchimaka,Pacchimaka,(adj.) [fr.pacchima] 1.last,latest (opp.purimaka) Vin.II,9; Nd<sup>2</sup> 284 D.=Th.1,202; DhsA.262; J.VI,151.-- 2.lowest,meanest J.I,285 (pacchimakā itthiyo).(Page 386),10,1
  8311. 323989,en,15,pacchindati,pacchindati,Pacchindati,Pacchindati,[pa+chindati] 1.to break up,cut short,put an end to Vin.IV,272; J.I,119 (kathaṃ °itvā),148 (kathaṃ °ituṃ); IV,59; PvA.78 (dānavidhiṃ °i).-- 2.to bring up (food),to vomit DhA.I,183 (āhāraṃ).(Page 386),11,1
  8312. 324046,en,15,pacchita,pacchita,Pacchita,Pacchita,[pa+chita,Sk.pracchita,pp.of <em>chā</em>,only in comb<sup>n</sup> with prefixes] cut off,skinned J.VI,249.(Page 386),8,1
  8313. 324063,en,15,paccoddita,paccoḍḍita,Paccoḍḍita,Paccoḍḍita,[paṭi+oḍḍita] laid in return (of a snare) J.II,183 (v.l.paccoṭṭita).(Page 386),10,1
  8314. 324071,en,15,paccora,paccora,Paccora,Paccora,(adj.) [paṭi+avara,cp.Sk.pratyavara] lower,rt.lower part,hindquarter,bottom (?) A.IV,130; DhA.I,189.(Page 386),7,1
  8315. 324085,en,15,paccorohani,paccorohaṇī,Paccorohaṇī,Paccorohaṇī,(f.) [fr.paccorohati] the ceremony of coming down again (?),approaching or descending to (Acc.),esp.the holy fire A.V,234 sq.,249 sq.,V,251.Cp.<i>orohaṇa</i> &#38; Sk.pratyavarohaṇa “descent,” N.of a cert.Gṛhya celebration (BR.).(Page 386),11,1
  8316. 324098,en,15,paccorohati,paccorohati,Paccorohati,Paccorohati,[paṭi+orohati] to come down again,descend D.I,50; II,73; A.V,65,234.(Page 386),11,1
  8317. 324118,en,15,paccosakkana,paccosakkanā,Paccosakkanā,Paccosakkanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.paccosakkati] withdrawal,retreat,going back,shrinking from DhsA.151.(Page 386),12,1
  8318. 324127,en,15,paccosakkati,paccosakkati,Paccosakkati,Paccosakkati,[paṭi+osakkati which is either ava+sakkati (of <i>ṣvaṣk</i> Geiger,P.Gr.§ 28<sup>2</sup> or <em>sṛp</em> Trenckner Notes 60),or apa+sakkati] to withdraw,retreat,go away again D.I,230; J.I,383; Mhvs 25,84.(Page 386),12,1
  8319. 324152,en,15,paccudaharati,paccudāharati,Paccudāharati,Paccudāharati,[paṭi+ud+ā+<em>hṛ</em>] recite in reply Th.2,40.(Page 385),13,1
  8320. 324158,en,15,paccudavattana,paccudāvattana,Paccudāvattana,Paccudāvattana,(nt.) [fr.preceding] coming back,return DhsA.389.(Page 385),14,1
  8321. 324164,en,15,paccudavattati,paccudāvattati,Paccudāvattati,Paccudāvattati,[paṭi+ud+ā+vattati] to return again to (Acc.) S.I,224; II,104; A.V,337.(Page 385),14,1
  8322. 324181,en,15,paccuddhara,paccuddhāra,Paccuddhāra,Paccuddhāra,[paṭi+uddhāra] taking up,casting (the lot) again Vin.IV,121.(Page 385),11,1
  8323. 324226,en,15,paccuddharati,paccuddharati,Paccuddharati,Paccuddharati,[paṭi+uddharati] to wipe off or down (with a cloth,colakena) Vin.II,122 (udakapuñchaniṃ; trsl.Vin.Texts II.152 “to wear out a robe”),151 (gerukaṃ; trsl.Vin.Texts II.151 “to wipe down”).(Page 385),13,1
  8324. 324259,en,15,paccudeti,paccudeti,Paccudeti,Paccudeti,[paṭi+ud+i] go out towards J.VI,559.(Page 385),9,1
  8325. 324273,en,15,paccuggacchati,paccuggacchati,Paccuggacchati,Paccuggacchati,[paṭi+ud+<em>gam</em>] to go out,set out,go out to meet Vin.II,210; M.I,206; Sn.442 (=abhimukho upari gacchati SnA 392).(Page 385),14,1
  8326. 324288,en,15,paccuggamana,paccuggamana,Paccuggamana,Paccuggamana,(nt.) [fr.preceding] going out to,meeting,receiving J.IV,321; PvA.61,141 (°ṃ karoti).(Page 385),12,1
  8327. 324321,en,15,paccuggata,paccuggata,Paccuggata,Paccuggata,[pp.of paccuggacchati] illustrious J.VI,280.(Page 385),10,1
  8328. 324327,en,15,paccuha,paccūha,Paccūha,Paccūha,[cp.late Sk.pratyūha,prati+<em>vah</em>] an impediment,obstacle S.I,201 (bahū hi saddā paccūhā,trsl.“Ay there is busy to-and-fro of words.” C.expl<sup>s</sup> by paṭiloma-saddā); J.VI,571.(Page 385),7,1
  8329. 324332,en,15,paccukkaddhana,paccukkaḍḍhana,Paccukkaḍḍhana,Paccukkaḍḍhana,(nt.) [fr.preceding] drawing out again Vin.V,222.(Page 385),14,1
  8330. 324338,en,15,paccukkaddhati,paccukkaḍḍhati,Paccukkaḍḍhati,Paccukkaḍḍhati,[paṭi+ukkaḍḍhati] to draw out again Vin.II,99.(Page 385),14,1
  8331. 324353,en,15,paccupadissati,paccupadissati,Paccupadissati,Paccupadissati,[reading uncertain; either paṭi+upadissati,or fut.of paṭi+upadisati,cp.upadaṃseti.It is not to be derived fr.°upadadāti] to accept,receive; or:to show,point out J.V,221 (v.l.paccuttarissati to go through,perhaps preferable; C.on p.225 expl<sup>s</sup> by sampaṭicchissati).(Page 385),14,1
  8332. 324383,en,15,paccupalakkhana,paccupalakkhaṇā,Paccupalakkhaṇā,Paccupalakkhaṇā,(f.) [paṭi+upalakkhaṇā] differentiation S.III,261 (a°) Dhs.16=Pug.25; Dhs.292,555,1057.(Page 385),15,1
  8333. 324399,en,15,paccupatthahati,paccupaṭṭhahati,Paccupaṭṭhahati,Paccupaṭṭhahati,[paṭi+upa+<em> sthā</em>] “to stand up before,” to be present; only in pp.<i>paccupaṭṭhita</i> and in Caus.<i>paccupaṭṭhāpeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 385),15,1
  8334. 324412,en,15,paccupatthana,paccupaṭṭhāna,Paccupaṭṭhāna,Paccupaṭṭhāna,(nt.) [fr.paṭi+upa+<em> sthā</em>; cp.Cpd.13 &#38; <i>Lakkhaṇa</i>] 1.(re)appearance,happening,coming on,phenomenon J.III,524; Nett 28; SnA 509; DhsA.332; ThA.288.2.tending D.III,191.3.vv.ll.gilānupaṭṭhāna.(Page 385),13,1
  8335. 324458,en,15,paccupatthapeti,paccupaṭṭhāpeti,Paccupaṭṭhāpeti,Paccupaṭṭhāpeti,[Caus.of paccupaṭṭhahati] 1.to bring before or about,to arrange,provide,instal,fix S.IV,121; J.III,45; IV,105; V,211.2.to minister to,wait upon D.III,189 sq.(Page 385),15,1
  8336. 324490,en,15,paccupatthita,paccupaṭṭhita,Paccupaṭṭhita,Paccupaṭṭhita,[pp.of paccupaṭṭhahati; cp.BSk.pratyupasthita,Divy Index] (re)presented,offered,at one’s disposal,imminent,ready,present D.III,218 (°kāmā); It.95 (id.); Sn.p.105; It.111; Kvu 157,280; Miln.123.(Page 385),13,1
  8337. 324512,en,15,paccupekkhana,paccupekkhaṇā,Paccupekkhaṇā,Paccupekkhaṇā,(f.)=<i>paccavekkhaṇā</i> S.III,262 (a°).(Page 385),13,1
  8338. 324524,en,15,paccupeti,paccupeti,Paccupeti,Paccupeti,[pati+upeti] to go up or near to,to approach,serve,beset J.III,214.fut.<i>°upessati</i> J.IV,362 (gloss upasevati).(Page 385),9,1
  8339. 324534,en,15,paccuppanna,paccuppanna,Paccuppanna,Paccuppanna,[pp.of paṭi+uppajjati,cp.Sk.pratyutpanna] what has arisen (just now),existing,present (as opposed to <i>atīta</i> past &#38; <i>anāgata</i> future) M.I,307,310; III,188; 190,196; S.I,5; IV,97; A.I,264; III,151,400; D.III,100,220,275; It.53; Nd<sup>1</sup> 340; Pv IV.6<sup>2</sup>; Dhs.1040,1043; VbhA.157 sq.; PvA.100.See also <i>atīta</i>.(Page 385),11,1
  8340. 324701,en,15,paccusa°,paccūsa°,Paccūsa°,Paccūsa°,[paṭi+Ved.uṣas f.; later Sk.pratyūṣa nt.] “the time towards dawn,” morning,dawn; always.in comp<sup>n</sup> with either <i>°kāle</i> (Loc.) at morning DhA.IV,61; DA.I,168; or <i>°velāyaṃ</i> (Loc.) id.VvA.105,118,165; PvA.61; or <i>°samaye</i> (Loc.) id.S.I,107; J.I,81,217; SnA 80; PvA.38.(Page 385),8,1
  8341. 324740,en,15,paccuttarati,paccuttarati,Paccuttarati,Paccuttarati,[paṭi+uttarati,but cp.BSk.pratyavatarati to disembark Divy 229] to go out again,to withdraw S.I,8; A.III,190.Cp.paccupadissati.(Page 385),12,1
  8342. 324769,en,15,paccutthana,paccuṭṭhāna,Paccuṭṭhāna,Paccuṭṭhāna,(nt.) [fr.preceding] rising from one’s seat,reverence D.I,125.(Page 385),11,1
  8343. 324782,en,15,paccutthapana,paccuṭṭhapanā,Paccuṭṭhapanā,Paccuṭṭhapanā,(f.) [paṭi+ud+Caus.of <em>sthā</em>] putting against,resistance,opposition Sn.245 (=paccanīkaṭ ṭhapanā SnA 228).(Page 385),13,1
  8344. 324802,en,15,paccutthati,paccuṭṭhāti,Paccuṭṭhāti,Paccuṭṭhāti,[paṭi+ud+<em> sthā</em>] to rise,reappear,to rise from one’s seat as a token of respect; always comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>abhivadati</i> D.I,61 (Pot.°uṭṭheyya),110 (Fut.°uṭṭhassati).(Page 385),11,1
  8345. 324843,en,15,paccuyyati,paccuyyāti,Paccuyyāti,Paccuyyāti,[paṭi+ud+<em>yā</em>] to go out against,to go to meet somebody S.I,82,216.(Page 385),10,1
  8346. 324850,en,15,pacessati,pacessati,Pacessati,Pacessati,see <i>pacinati</i>.(Page 383),9,1
  8347. 324860,en,15,paceti,pāceti,Pāceti,Pāceti,<sup>2</sup> [for pājeti,with<i> c</i>.for<i> j</i> (see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 39<sup>3</sup>); pra+<em>aj</em>:see aja] to drive,urge on Dh.135 (āyuṃ p.‹-› gopālako viya ...peseti DhA.III,60).(Page 450),6,1
  8348. 324861,en,15,paceti,pāceti,Pāceti,Pāceti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of pacati] to cause to boil,fig.to cause to torment D.I,52 (ppr.pācayato,Gen.,also pācento).Cp.vi°.(Page 450),6,1
  8349. 324892,en,15,pacina,pācīna,Pācīna,Pācīna,(adj.) [Vedic prācīna,fr.adv.prāc bent forward] eastern i.e.facing the (rising) sun (opp.pacchā) J.I,50 (°sīsaka,of Māyādevī’s couch),212 (°lokadhātu); Miln.6; DA.I,311 (°mukha facing east); DhA.III,155 (id.); VvA.190; PvA.74,256.The opposite <i>apācīna</i> (e.g.S.III,84) is only apparently a neg.pācīna,in reality a der.fr.<em>apa</em> (apa+<em>ac</em>),as pācīna is a der.fr.pra+<em>ac</em>.See apācīna.(Page 450),6,1
  8350. 324923,en,15,pacinati,pacinati,Pacinati,Pacinati,[or °cināti) [pa+cināti,cp,ācināti] 1.to pick,pluck,gather,take up,collect,accumulate S.III,89; IV,74 (dukkhaṃ=ācināti p.73); Dh.47,48 (pupphāni= ocinati DhA.I,366); J.III,22; fut.pacinissati DhA.I,361.-- 2.to pick out (mentally),to discern,distinguish,realise,know Sn.837 (ppr.pacinaṃ=pacinanto vicinanto tulayanto tīrayanto Nd<sup>1</sup> 185;=pavicinati SnA 545); fut.<i>pacessati</i> Dh.44,45 (sic F.; MSS.vijessati, &#38; <i>vicessati</i> the latter perhaps preferable to pac°; expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.I,334 by vicinissati upaparikkhissati paṭivijjhissati sacchikarissati).-- Pass.<i>pacīyati</i> to be heaped up,to increase,accumulate S.IV,74 (opp.khīyati).(Page 383),8,1
  8351. 324990,en,15,pacittiya,pācittiya,Pācittiya,Pācittiya,(adj.) [most likely prāk+citta+ika,i.e.of the nature of directing one’s mind upon,cp.pabbhāra= *prāg+bhāra.So expl<sup>d</sup> also by S.Lévi J.As.X.20,p.506.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 27,n.1 inclines to etym.prāyaś+cittaka] requiring expiation,expiatory Vin.I,172,176; II,242,306 sq.; IV,1 sq.,258 sq.; A.II,242 (dhamma); Vism.22.-- It is also the name of one of the books of the Vinaya (ed.Oldenberg,vol.IV.).See on term Vin.Texts I.18,32,245.(Page 450),9,1
  8352. 325018,en,15,pacura,pacura,Pacura,Pacura,(adj.) [cp.late Sk.pracura] general,various,any; abundant,many J.V,40 (=bahu salabha C.); Miln.408 (°jana) Dāvs.IV,11,50; VvA.213 (°jano for yādisakīdiso Vv 50<sup>11</sup>).See also pasura.(Page 383),6,1
  8353. 325063,en,15,pacuta,pacuṭa,Pacuṭa,Pacuṭa,is doubtful reading at DA.I,164 (with vv.ll.pamuṭa,pamuca,papuṭa) for D.I,54,T.paṭuva (vv.ll.pamuṭa,samudda) and is expl<sup>d</sup> by <i>gaṇṭhika</i>,i.e.block or knot.The whole passage is corrupt; see discussed under <i>pavuṭā</i>.(Page 383),6,1
  8354. 325073,en,15,pada,pada,Pada,Pada,(nt.) [Ved.pad,pād (m.) foot,and also pāda; pada (nt.) step.Cp.Gr.pwζ (pouζ)=Lat.pēs,Goth.fōtus =Ohg fuoz=E.foot; further Arm.het track,Gr.pedά after,pέdon field,pezόs on foot,etc.; Lith.péda track; Ags.fetvan=E.fetch.-- The decl.in Pāli is vocalic (a),viz.pada; a trace of the consonant (root) decl.is Instr.sg.padā (Th.1,457; Sn.768),of cons.(s) decl.Instr.padasā with the foot,on foot (D.I,107; J.III,371; DhA.I,391).-- Gender is nt.,but Nom.pl.is frequently found as padā,e.g.at Dh.273; Nett 192 (mūla°)] 1.foot Dh.273=SnA 366 (? saccānaṃ caturo padā); DA.I,85; usually --°,like hatthipadaṃ elephant’s foot M.I,176,184; S.I,86; V,43,231; and with numerals dvi° &#38; di°,catup°,aṭṭha° (q.v.).In aṭṭha° also meaning “square of a chessboard.” -- 2.step,footstep,track Dh.179 (of a Buddha,cp.DhA.III,194 &#38; 197) J.I,170 (footmark) II.154; in redupl.-iterative formation padāpadaṃ step by step Sn.446 (v.l.padânupadaṃ),and pade padaṃ Sn.p.107 (cp.SnA 451).-- 3.(Often synonymous with °patha i.e.way,kind, &#38; sometimes untranslatable) (a) lit.way,path,position,place Vin.II,217 (nakkhatta° constellation); J.I,315 (assama° =assama); V,75 (id.),321 (id.); VI,76 (id.); VI,180 (v.l.patha; C.mahāmagga); mantapada=manta D.I,104 (cp.DA.I,273).See also janapada,saggapada.-- (b) in appl<sup>d</sup> meaning (modal):case,lot,principle,part,constituent,characteristic,ingredient,item,thing,element M.I,176 (cattāri padāni 4 characteristics); S.I,7 (pade pade “now in this thing,now in that” C.ārammaṇe ārammaṇe),212 (amataṃ p.=nibbāna); II,280 (id.); A.II,51 (id.),It.39 (p.asaṅkhataṃ=nibbāna); Sn.88 (dhammapade sudesite; expl<sup>d</sup> as nibbānadhamma SnA 164; dhammapada=Dhamma),ibid.(anavajja-padāni sevamāna=principles),700 (moneyyaṃ uttamaṃ padaṃ,thing; but SnA 491 expl<sup>s</sup> as uttama-paṭipadaṃ),765; Dh.21,93,114 (amataṃ),254,368 (santaṃ=nibbānass’etaṃ nāmaṃ,santakoṭṭhāsaṃ DhA.IV,108); Pv IV.3<sup>48</sup> (amataṃ); Nett 2= 192 (nava padāni kusalāni); SnA 397 (nāmādi p.); Sdhp.47 (accutaṃ santaṃ p.),615 (paramaṃ).See further dhamma°,nibbāna°,santi°,sikkhā°.-- 4.a word,verse (or a quarter of a verse),stanza,line,sentence S.II,36 (ekena padena sabbo attho vutto); S.IV,379=A.V,320 (agga°); A.II,182 (+vyañjana &#38; desanā); 189 (attha° text,motto); III,356 (id.); Sn.252 (=dhamma-desanā SnA 293),374; Dh.273; J.I,72 (atireka-pada-satena); Nett 4 (akkharaṃ padaṃ vyañjanaṃ,cp.nāmādīhi padehi at SnA 397,which is to be understood as nāma,pada &#38; vyañjana,i.e.word,sentence &#38; letter,cp.Mvyutp.104,74--76); Miln.148 (āhacca°); KhA 169; SnA 409 (ubhaya°),444; VvA.3,13; PvA.10,26,117 (word,term).Abl.<i>padaso</i> (adv.) sentence by s<sup>tce</sup> or word by word Vin.IV,14 (dhammaṃ vāceti=anupadaṃ C.; cp.KhA 190 p.°dhamma).At MA.I,2 pada (sentence or division of a sentence) is contrasted with akkhara (word),when it is said that the Majjhima Nikāya consists of 80,523 padas and 740,053 akkharas.-- Neg.<i>apada</i> (1) without feet,footless A.IV,434 (Māra; v.l.apara); It.87 (sattā,+ dvipada etc.).-- (2) trackless,leaving no footprint,fig.having no desires (i.e.signs of worldliness) Dh.179 (rāga,etc.,as padāni DhA.III,197,but cp.also p.194.)<br><br> <i>--attha</i> meaning of a word KhA 81,84; SnA 91.<i>--ânupadaṃ</i> (adv.) on the track DhA.II,38.<i>--ânupadika</i> following one’s footsteps J.II,78; DhA.II,94 (therānaṃ); nt.adv.°ṃ close behind DhA.I,290.<i>--ānupubbatā</i> (or °ta) succession of words Nd<sup>1</sup> 140 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of “iti”; cp.SnA 28); Nd<sup>2</sup> 137 (id.; reading °ka).<i>--uddhāra</i> synopsis of a verse SnA 237 (atthuddhāra+).<i>--kusala</i> clever at following a trail J.III,501,505.<i>--cārikā</i> a female (foot-) servant J.IV,35.<i>--cetiya</i> “step-shrine,” a holy footprint,a miraculous footprint left on the ground by a holy man DhA.III,194.<i>--ccheda</i> separation of words,parsing SnA 150.<i>--jāta</i> (nt.) pedal character S.I,86.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> [cp.Sk.padasthāna footprint] “proximate cause” (Cpd.13,23) Nett 1 sq.,27 sq.,40 sq.,104; Vism.84.<i>--dvaya</i> twofold part (of a phrase),i.e.antecedent and subsequent DhsA.164.<i>--parama</i> one whose highest attainment is the word (of the text,and not the sense of it) A.II,135; J.VI,131; Pug.41 (“vyañjanapadam eva paramaṃ assā ti” PugA 223.<i>--pāripūrī</i> (f.) expletive particle Nd<sup>2</sup> 137; SnA 28.<i>--pūraṇa</i> filling out a verse; as tt.g.expletive particle SnA 590 (a),139 (kho),137 (kho pana),378 (tato),536 (pi),230 (su),416 (ha),377 (hi); KhA 219 (tam),188 (su); VvA.10 (maya).<i>--bhājana</i> dividing of words,i.e.treating each word (of a phrase) separately DhsA.234.<i>--bhājaniya</i> division of a phrase DhsA.54.<i>--bhāṇa</i> reciting or preaching (the words of the Scriptures) DhA.II,95; III,345; IV,18.<i>--vaṇṇanā</i> expl<sup>n</sup> of a pada or single verse SnA 65,237; KhA 125,132,228.<i>--valañja</i> a footprint,track J.VI,560; DhA.II,38; III,194.<i>--viggaha</i> separation of words,resolution of a compound into its components VvA.326.<i>--vibhāga</i> separation of words,parsing SnA 269; PvA.34.<i>--saṃsagga</i> contact of words Nd<sup>1</sup> 139; Nd<sup>2</sup> 137; SnA 28.<i>--sadda</i> sound of footsteps Sn.p.80; J.IV,409.<i>--sandhi</i> euphonic combination of words Nd<sup>1</sup> 445; Nd<sup>2</sup> 137; KhA 155,224; SnA 28,40,157 etc.; PvA.52.<i>--silā</i> a stone for stepping on,flag Vin.II,121=154.(Page 408),4,1
  8355. 325085,en,15,pada,pāda,Pāda,Pāda,[Vedic pāda,see etym.under pada] 1.the foot,usually pl.<i>pādā</i> both feet,e.g.Vin.I,9,34,188; It.111; Sn.309,547,768,835,1028; J.II,114; IV,137; DhA.III,196; PvA.4,10,40,68; VvA.105.In sg.scarce,and then specified as eka° &#38; dutiya°,e.g.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III</SUP>; J.VI,354.-- 2.foot or base of a mountain Vism.399 (Sineru°); DhA.I,108 (pabbata°).-- 3.the fourth part (“foot”) of a verse (cp.pada 4) SnA 239,273,343,363; ThA.23.-- 4.a coin Vin.III,47; VvA.77 (worth here 1/4 of a kahāpaṇa and double the value of māsaka; see also kākaṇikā).<br><br> <i>--aṅguṭṭha</i> a toe M.I,337.<i>--aṅguṭṭhaka</i> same J.II,447; Vism.233.<i>--aṅguli</i> same PvA.125 (opp.to hatth’aṅguli finger).<i>--aṭṭhika</i> bone of the foot M.I,58,89; III,92; KhA 49.<i>--âpacca</i> offspring fr.the foot (of Brahmā):see bandhu.<i>--ûdara</i> “(using) the belly as feet,” i.e.a snake Sn.604.<i>--odaka</i> water for washing the feet Vin.I,9.<i>--kathalika</i> (°iya) Acc.to Bdhgh either a foot stool or a towel (adhota-pāda-ṭhapanakaṃ pāda-ghaṃsanaṃ vā,see Vin.Texts I.92; II,373) Vin.I,9,46; II,22; IV,310; Kvu 440; VvA.8; DhA.I,321.<i>--kudārikā</i> holding the feet like an axe (?) Pv IV.1<sup>47</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> at PvA.240 by pādasaṅkhātā kudārikā; does k.here represent kuṭhārikā? The reading &#38; meaning is uncertain).<i>--khīla</i> a corn in the foot Vin.I,188 (as °ālādha,cp.Vin Texts II.19).<i>--ghaṃsanī</i> a towel for rubbing the feet (dry) Vin.II,130.<i>--cāra</i> moving about on feet J.IV,104.<i>--tala</i> the sole of the foot Vin.I,179; M.III,90; D.III,143,148; PvA.74.<i>--dhovana</i> cleaning or washing one’s feet DhA.II,9.<i>--pa</i> “drinking with the foot,” N.for tree Pv IV.3<sup>9</sup> (cp.PvA.251); Miln.117,376; Vism.533; VvA.212; Sdhp.270.<i>--paricārikā</i> “serving on one’s feet,” i.e.a wife (cp.S.I,125) J.III,95; VI,268; DhA.III,194.<i>--pīṭha</i> a foot-stool Vin.I,9 (cp.Vin.Texts I.92); IV,310; DhA.III,120=186; VvA.291.<i>--puñchana(ka)</i> wiping one’s feet (with a towel) Vism.358 (°rajju-maṇḍalaka,in comparison=VbhA.62); VbhA.285 (°coḷaka); KhA 144; SnA 333; DhA.I,415 (°ka).<i>--puñchanī</i> a towel for the feet Vin.II,174.<i>--bbhañjana</i> ointment for the feet,foot-salve Vin.I,205; J.V,197,376; PvA.44,78; anointing the feet VvA.44 (°tėla),295 (id.).<i>--mūla</i> the sole of the foot,the foot J.IV,131.Cp.mūla.<i>--mūlika</i> “one who sits at one’s feet,” a foot-servant,lackey J.I,122,438; II,300 sq.(Gāmaṇicaṇḍa); III,417; V,128; VI,30.<i>--lola</i> loafing about,one who lingers after a thing,a greedy person Sn.63,972; Nd<sup>1</sup> 374; Nd<sup>2</sup> 433; abstr.f.<i>°lolatā</i> SnA 36, &#38; <i>°loliya</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 433.<i>--visāṇa</i> “a horn on the foot,” i.e.an impossibility J.VI,340.<i>--sambāhana</i> massaging the feet DhA.I,38.(Page 452),4,1
  8356. 325207,en,15,padahana,padahana,Padahana,Padahana,see <i>padhāna</i>.(Page 409),8,1
  8357. 325215,en,15,padahati,padahati,Padahati,Padahati,[pa+<em>dhā</em>] 1.to strive,exert D.III,221 (cittaṃ paggaṇhāti p.); PvA.31 (yoniso p.).-- 2.to confront,take up,fight against,stand J.VI,508 (usīraṃ muñjapubbajaṃ urasā padahessāmi “I shall stand against the grasses with my chest”; C.expl<sup>s</sup> by dvedhā katvā purato gamissāmi,i.e.break and go forward).‹-› Note.padahasi at J.IV,383 read pade hasi (see Windisch,Māra &#38; B.p.124 &#38; Morris,J.P.T.S.1893,51.Windisch takes padahasi as pa+<i>dah</i> to burn, &#38; translates “du willst das Feuer brennen,” i.e.you attempt something impossible,because the fire will burn you).-- pp.pahita (q.v.).(Page 409),8,1
  8358. 325240,en,15,padaka,padaka,Padaka,Padaka,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.pada<sup>1</sup>] in cpd.<i>aṭṭha°</i> an “eight-foot,” i.e.a small inset square (cp.aṭṭha-pada chess-board),a patch (?) Vin.I,297.See also <i>padika</i>.(Page 409),6,1
  8359. 325241,en,15,padaka,padaka,Padaka,Padaka,<sup>2</sup> (nt.)=<i>pada</i> 3,viz.basis,principle or <i>pada</i> 4,viz.stanza,line J.V,116 (=kāraṇa-padāni C.).(Page 409),6,1
  8360. 325242,en,15,padaka,padaka,Padaka,Padaka,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [fr.<i>pada<sup>4</sup></i>] one who knows the padas (words or lines),versed in the padapāṭha of the Veda (Ep.Of an educated Brahmin) D.I,88=Sn.p.105 (where AvŚ II.19 in id.p.has padaśo=P.padaso word by word,but Divy 620 reads padako; ajjheti vedeti cā ti padako); M.I,386; A.I,163,166; Sn.595; Miln.10,236.(Page 408),6,1
  8361. 325249,en,15,padaka,pādaka,Pādaka,Pādaka,(adj.n.) [fr.pāda] 1.having a foot or basis Vin.II,110 (a°); Sn.205; ThA.78.-- 2.fundamental; <i>pādakaṃ karoti</i> to take as a base or foundation Vism.667.-- 3.(nt.) basis,foundation,base PvA.167.‹-› <i>pādaka-jjhāna</i> meditation forming a basis (for further introspective development) Vism.390,397,412 sq.,428,667.-- Cp.<i>āhacca°</i>.(Page 452),6,1
  8362. 325287,en,15,padakkhina,padakkhiṇa,Padakkhiṇa,Padakkhiṇa,(adj.) [pa+dakkhiṇa] 1.“to the right,” in phrase <i>padakkhiṇaṃ karoti</i> (with Acc.of object) to hold (a person,etc.) to one’s right side,i.e.to go round so as to keep the right side turned to a person,a mode of reverential salutation Vin.I,17; S.I,138; A.I,294; II,21,182; III,198; Sn.1010; J.I,50,60; III,392.‹-› 2.“(prominent) with the right,” i.e.skilful,clever,quick in learning J.IV,469 (=susikkhita C.).-- 3.lucky,auspicious,turning out well or favourable J.V,353 (=sukha-nipphattin vuddhi-yutta C.).<br><br> <i>--ggāhin</i> “right-handed,” i.e.cleverly taking up (what is taught),good at grasping or understanding A.III,79,180,V,24 sq.,90,338; DhA.II,105.-- Opp.<i>appadakkhiṇaggāhin</i> “left-handed,” unskilled,untrained (cp.Ger.“linkisch”) S.II,204 sq.; J.III,483.<i>--ggāhitā</i> skilfulness,quick grasp,cleverness KhA 148.(Page 409),10,1
  8363. 325333,en,15,padalana,padālana,Padālana,Padālana,(nt.) [fr.<i>padāleti</i>] cleaving,bursting open,breaking Nett 61,112 (mohajāla°); ThA.34 (mohakkhandha°).(Page 409),8,1
  8364. 325347,en,15,padaletar,padāletar,Padāletar,Padāletar,[n.ag.to padāleti] one who pierces or destroys,a destroyer,breaker,in phrase <i>mahato kāyassa padāletā</i> the destroyer of a great body (or bulk) A.I,284 sq.(in sequence dūre-pātin,akkhaṇavedhin,m.k.p.); II,170 sq.,202; cp.padāleti<sup>1</sup>.(Page 409),9,1
  8365. 325351,en,15,padaleti,padāleti,Padāleti,Padāleti,[Caus.of pa+<em>dal</em>] 1.to cleave,break,pierce,destroy,in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>°khandhaṃ padāleti</i> to destroy the great mass of ...,e.g.tamo° It.8 (padālayuṃ); Th.2,28 (ger.padāliya=moha° padālitvā ThA.34); lobha° S.V,88; avijjā° A.I,285.-- 2.to break,break down,tear down,burst open J.I,73 (pabbata-kūṭāni); IV,173 (matthakaṃ p°etvā uṭṭhita-singā); V,68 (silāya matthakaṃ); Miln.332 (diṭṭhi-jālaṃ); DA.I,37 (Sineruṃ).See also sam° -- pp.<i>padālita</i> (q.v.).(Page 409),8,1
  8366. 325369,en,15,padalita,padālita,Padālita,Padālita,[pp.of padāleti] broken,pierced,destroyed S.I,130; III,83; A.V,88 (appadālita-pubbaṃ lobhakkhandhaṃ); Sn.546 (āsavā te p.; quoted at VvA.9); ThA.34 (as A.V,88 with moha°).(Page 409),8,1
  8367. 325374,en,15,padalitatta,padālitatta,Padālitatta,Padālitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.padālita] the fact of having (med.) or being (pass.) pierced or broken,Abl.padālitattā on account of having broken Miln.287.(Page 409),11,1
  8368. 325398,en,15,padana,padāna,Padāna,Padāna,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>dā</em>] giving,bestowing; but appears to have also the meaning of “attainment,characteristic,attribute” A.I,102 (bāla° &#38; paṇḍita°); J.I,97 (sotāpattimagg’ādi°); PvA.71 (anubala°); ThA.35 (anupattidhammatā°).-- At Th.1,47 Kern (Toev.II.138) proposes to read tuyhaṃ padāne for T.tuyh’âpadāne,and translates padāna by “footstep,footprint.” See also <i>sampadāna</i>.(Page 409),6,1
  8369. 325545,en,15,padara,padara,Padara,Padara,(nt.) [pa+dara of <em>dṛ</em>,cp.dabba,darati,dāru] 1.a cleft,split,fissure,crevice M.I,469; S.II,32; Sn.720 (=darī SnA 500); comb<sup>d</sup> with kandara at Miln.36,296,411; PvA.29.-- 2.a board,plank J.II,10 91 (°sakaṭa) 112; III,181; V,47 sq.; VI,432 (°cchanna); SnA 330 (dabba° oar),355; DhA.II,55; III,296.-- 3.Wrong spelling for <i>badara</i> at J.IV,363 (beluvā p°āni ca) &#38; VI,529.<br><br> <i>--sañcita</i> filled with clefts (?) Vin.IV,46.<i>--samācāra</i> refractiousness,disobedience (?) M.I,469.(Page 409),6,1
  8370. 325570,en,15,padarana,padāraṇa,Padāraṇa,Padāraṇa,(nt.) [pa+<em>dṛ</em>] splitting,tearing Th.1,752.(Page 409),8,1
  8371. 325672,en,15,padasi,pādāsi,Pādāsi,Pādāsi,is aor.of <i>padāti</i>.(Page 452),6,1
  8372. 325714,en,15,padatar,padātar,Padātar,Padātar,[n.ag.of padāti] extravagant,a squanderer Pdgp.65,68.(Page 409),7,1
  8373. 325724,en,15,padati,padāti,Padāti,Padāti,(padadāti,padeti) [pa+<em>dā</em>] 1.to give,bestow Pv.I,11<sup>6</sup> (ger.padatvā,perhaps better to read ca datvā,as v.l.BB); J.III,279 (fut.padassati); V,394 (id.).‹-› 2.to acquire,take,get J.I,190 (inf.padātave,C.gahetuṃ).-- Pass <i>padīyati</i> (q.v.).(Page 409),6,1
  8374. 325733,en,15,padatta,padatta,Padatta,Padatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.pada] being or constituting a lot,part or element SnA 164.(Page 409),7,1
  8375. 325984,en,15,padayhati,paḍayhati,Paḍayhati,Paḍayhati,v.l.at PvA.60 for T.<i>pariḍayhati</i>.(Page 403),9,1
  8376. 325994,en,15,paddha,paddha,Paddha,Paddha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [cp.Sk.prārdha] half (?) J.III,95 (probably =paddha<sup>1</sup>,but C.expl<sup>ns</sup> as aḍḍha upaḍḍha).(Page 410),6,1
  8377. 325995,en,15,paddha,paddha,Paddha,Paddha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [cp.Sk.prādhva (?) in diff.meaning “being on a journey,” but rather prahva] 1.expert in (Loc.) J.VI,476 (v.l.patha=paṭṭha; C.cheko paṭibalo).‹-› 2.subject to,serving,attending J.IV,35 (p.carāmi,so read for baḍḍha,see Kern,Toev.s.v.; C.padacārikā).(Page 410),6,1
  8378. 326003,en,15,paddhacara,paddhacara,Paddhacara,Paddhacara,(adj.-n.) [paddha<sup>1</sup>+cara,cp.Sk.prādhva and prahva humble] ready to serve,subject to,ministering; a servant S.I,144 (T.baddhacara,v.l.paṭṭha°; trsl.“pupil”); J.IV,35 (read paddhacarā’smi tuyhaṃ for T.baddha carāmi t.,as pointed out by Kern,Toev.s.v.baddha.The Cy.misunderstood the wrong text reading and expl<sup>d</sup> as “tuyhaṃ baddha carāmi,” but adds “veyyāvaccakārikā padacārikā”); V,327 (as baddhañcara; C.veyyāvacca-kara); VI,268 (°ā female servant=C.pāda-paricārikā); Nd<sup>1</sup> 464 (+paricārika); SnA 597 (+paricāraka,for paddhagū).(Page 410),10,1
  8379. 326008,en,15,paddhagu,paddhagu,Paddhagu,Paddhagu,(adj.n.) [cp.Sk.prādhvaga] 1.going,walking J.III,95 (T.na p’addhaguṃ,but C.reads paddhaguṃ).-- 2.humble,ready to serve,servant,attendant,slave S.I,104 (so read for paccagu); Sn.1095 (T.for paṭṭhagu,q.v.-- Nd<sup>2</sup> reads paṭṭhagu but SnA 597 paddhagu and expl<sup>ns</sup> by paddhacara paricārika); J.VI,380 (hadayassa); Th.1,632.(Page 410),8,1
  8380. 326023,en,15,padesa,padesa,Padesa,Padesa,[fr.pa+<em>diś</em>,cp.late Sk.pradeśa] indication,location,range,district; region,spot,place S.II,227,254; V,201; A.II,167 (cattāro mahā°); Dh.127 (jagati°),303; J.II,3,158 (Himavanta°); III,25 (id.),191 (jāti-gottakula°); SnA 355; PvA.29,33 (hadaya°),36 (so read for padase),43,47; Sdhp.252.<br><br> <i>--kārin</i> effecting a limited extent S.V,201.<i>--ñāṇa</i> knowledge within a certain range,limited knowledge S.V,457.<i>--bodhisatta</i> a limited Bodhisatta Kvu 283 (cp.Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup> 139<sup>3</sup>,166<sup>2</sup>).<i>--rajja</i> principality over a district,local government It.15; ThA.26 (Ap.v.10).<i>--rājā</i> a local or sub-king Vism.301 (cakkavatti+).<i>--lakkhaṇa</i> regional or limited characteristics Kvu 283.<i>--vassin</i> raining or shedding rain only locally or over a (limited) district It.64--66.(Page 410),6,1
  8381. 326142,en,15,padesika,padesika,Padesika,Padesika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.padesa] belonging to a place of indication,indicating,regional,reaching the index of,only with numerals in reference to age (usually soḷasavassa° at the time of 16 years) J.I,259 (id.) 262 (id.) II.277 (id.).-- See also uddesika in same application.(Page 410),8,1
  8382. 326154,en,15,padhamsa,padhaṃsa,Padhaṃsa,Padhaṃsa,see <i>appadhaṃsa</i>.(Page 411),8,1
  8383. 326163,en,15,padhamsati,padhaṃsati,Padhaṃsati,Padhaṃsati,[pa+dhaṃsati] to fall from (Abl.),to be deprived of Vin.II,205 (yogakkhemā p.; so read for paddh°).-- Caus.<i>padhaṃseti</i> to destroy,assault,violate,offend J.IV,494.(=jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpeti); PvA.117.‹-› grd.<i>padhaṃsiya</i> in cpds.su° &#38; dup° easily (or with difficulty) overwhelmed or assaulted Vin.II,256= S.II,264.Also neg.<i>appadhaṃsiya (</i>&<i> °ka)</i> (q.v.).‹-› pp.<i>padhaṃsita</i> (q.v.).(Page 411),10,1
  8384. 326217,en,15,padhana,padhāna,Padhāna,Padhāna,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>dhā</em>,cp.padahati] exertion,energetic effort,striving,concentration of mind D.III,30,77,104,108,214,238; M.II,174,218; S.I,47; II,268; IV,360; V,244 sq.; A.III,65--67 (5 samayā and 5 asamayā for padhāna),249; IV,355; V,17 sq.; Sn.424,428; It.30; Dh.141; J.I,90; Nd<sup>2</sup> 394 (=viriya); Vbh.218 (citta-samādhi p° etc.); Nett 16; DA.I,104; DhA.I,85 (mahā-padhānaṃ padahitvā); ThA.174; PvA.134.Padhāna is fourfold,viz.saṃvara°,pahāna°,bhāvana°,anurakkhaṇā° or exertion consisting in the restraint of one’s senses,the abandonment of sinful thoughts,practice of meditation &#38; guarding one’s character.These 4 are mentioned at D.III,225; A.II,16; Ps.I,84; II,14 sq.,56,86,166,174; Ud.34; Nd<sup>1</sup> 45,340; Sdhp.594.‹-› Very frequently termed <i>sammappadhāna</i> [cp.BSk.samyak-pradhāna MVastu III,120; but also samyakprahāṇa,e.g.Divy 208] or “right exertion,” thus at Vin.I,22; S.I,105; III,96 (the four); A.II,15 (id.); III,12; IV,125; Nd<sup>1</sup> 14; Ps.I,21,85,90,161; SnA 124; PvA.98.-- As <i>padahana</i> at Ps.I,17,21,181.(Page 411),7,1
  8385. 326468,en,15,padhanavant,padhānavant,Padhānavant,Padhānavant,(adj.) [fr.padhāna] gifted with energy,full of strength (of meditation etc.),rightly concentrated S.I,188,197; Sn.70 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 394),531.(Page 411),11,1
  8386. 326494,en,15,padhanika,padhānika,Padhānika,Padhānika,(adj.) [fr.padhāna] making efforts,exerting oneself in meditation,practising “padhāna” DA.I,251.(Page 411),9,1
  8387. 326508,en,15,padhaniya,padhāniya,Padhāniya,Padhāniya,(adj.) [fr.padhāna] belonging to or connected with exertion,worthy of being pursued in cpd.<i>°aṅga</i> (nt.) a quality to be striven after,of which there are 5,expressed in the attributes of one who attains them as saddho,appābādho,asaṭho,āraddha-viriyo,paññavā D.III,237=M.II,95,128=A.III,65; referred to at Miln.trsl<sup>n</sup> I.188.Besides these there is the set called pārisuddhi-padhāniy’ aṅgāni and consisting either of 4 qualities (sīla°,citta°,diṭṭhi°,vimutti°) A.II,194,or of 9 (the four+kaṅkhā-vitaraṇa°,maggâmagga-ñāṇa° paṭipadāñāṇa-dassana°,ñāṇa-dassana° paññā°) D.III,288; Ps.I,28.(Page 411),9,1
  8388. 326522,en,15,padhansita,padhansita,Padhansita,Padhansita,[pp.of padhaṃseti] offended,assaulted J.II,422.See also <i>app°</i>.(Page 411),10,1
  8389. 326533,en,15,padharita,padhārita,Padhārita,Padhārita,(“born in mind”) read <i>patthārita</i> at Th.1,842 (see pattharati).-- <i>padhārehi</i> (v.l.F.) at Sn.1149 read <i>dhārehi</i>.<i> -- padhārita</i> in meaning of “considered,understood” in cpd.su° at S.III,6; V,278.(Page 411),9,1
  8390. 326550,en,15,padhavati,padhāvati,Padhāvati,Padhāvati,[pa+dhāvati] to run out or forth Pv III,1<sup>7</sup> (ger.°itvā=upadhāvitvā PvA.173).(Page 411),9,1
  8391. 326561,en,15,padhavin,padhāvin,Padhāvin,Padhāvin,(adj.) [fr.padhāvati] rushing or running out or forth M.II,98.(Page 411),8,1
  8392. 326570,en,15,padhota,padhota,Padhota,Padhota,(adj.) [pa+dhota] cleansed,in cpd.sup° well cleansed D.II,324.(Page 411),7,1
  8393. 326584,en,15,padhupati,padhūpāti,Padhūpāti,Padhūpāti,(=padhūpāyati) [pa+dhūpāyati] to blow forth smoke or flames Vin.I,25 (aor.padhūpāsi); IV,109 (id.); Vism.400 (id.),(so read for padhūmāsi T.,v.l.SS padhūpāyi &#38; padhūmāyi).-- pp.<i>padhūpita</i> (q.v.).(Page 411),9,1
  8394. 326599,en,15,padhupita,padhūpita,Padhūpita,Padhūpita,[pa+dhūpita,latter only in meaning “incensed,” cp.dhūpa etc.] fumigated,reeking,smoked out S.I,133 (trsl<sup>d</sup> “racked [wrapt] in flames”; C.santāpita); VvA.237 (so read with v.l.SS.for T.pavūsita; meaning:scented,filled with scent).(Page 411),9,1
  8395. 326609,en,15,padika,padika,Padika,Padika,(adj.) [fr.pada 1; cp.padaka<sup>3</sup>] consisting of feet or parts,--fold; dvādasa° twelve fold J.I,75 (paccayākāra).(Page 409),6,1
  8396. 326623,en,15,padipa,padīpa,Padīpa,Padīpa,[cp.Epic Sk.pradīpa] 1.a light Dh.146; Vv 46<sup>2</sup> (jalati blazes); Tikp 14; Miln.40; VvA.51 (padīpaṃ ujjāletvā lighting a lamp,making a light); PvA.38; Sdhp.250.-- 2.a lamp Sn.235 (nibbanti dhīrā yath’âyaṃ p.); DhA.II,163 (anupādāno viya p.).<i>°ṃ karoti</i> to make a light,to light up Vin.I,118; °ṃ ujjāleti see under 1.Usually as <i>tela-padīpa</i> an oil lamp Vin.I,15; S.II,86 (telañ ca vaṭṭiñ ca telapadīpo jhāyati)=IV.213; V,319; A.I,137; VvA.198.--<i>appadīpa</i> where there is no light,obscure Vin.IV,268.<br><br> <i>--kāla</i> lighting time Vv 9<sup>6</sup>.(Page 409),6,1
  8397. 326645,en,15,padipeti,padīpeti,Padīpeti,Padīpeti,[Caus.of padippati] to light a light or a lamp Vin.I,118 (padīpeyya,padīpetabba); Miln.40; ThA.72 (Ap.v.46); Sdhp.63,332,428.-- pp.<i>padīpita</i> (q.v.).(Page 409),8,1
  8398. 326655,en,15,padipita,padīpita,Padīpita,Padīpita,[pp.of padīpeti] lit,burning,shining Miln.40.(Page 409),8,1
  8399. 326659,en,15,padipiya,padīpiya,Padīpiya,Padīpiya, &#38; Padīpeyya (nt.) [padīpa+(i) ya] that which is connected with lighting,material for lighting a lamp,lamps &#38; accessories; one of the gifts forming the stock of requisites of a Buddhist mendicant (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 523:yañña as deyyadhamma).The form in <i>°eyya</i> is the older and more usual one,thus at A.II,85,203; IV,239; It.65; Pug.51; VvA.51.-- The form in <i>°iya</i> at Vv 22<sup>5</sup>,26<sup>6</sup>,37<sup>6</sup>; J.VI,315; VvA.295.(Page 409),8,1
  8400. 326670,en,15,padippati,padippati,Padippati,Padippati,[pa+dippati] to flame forth,to blaze Cp III 9<sup>3</sup> (davaḍāho p.).-- pp.<i>paditta</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>padīpeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 409),9,1
  8401. 326681,en,15,padissa,padissa,Padissa,Padissa,(adj.) [grd.of padissati] being seen,to be seen,appearing D.II,205 (upasantappa°).(Page 409),7,1
  8402. 326690,en,15,padissati,padissati,Padissati,Padissati,[pa+dissati,Pass.of <em>dṛś</em>] to be seen Sn.108 (doubtful; v.l.padussati; expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 172 by paṭidissati,v.l.padussati,cp.p.192); Cp I.10<sup>2</sup> J.VI,89; Sdhp.427.(Page 409),9,1
  8403. 326702,en,15,paditta,paditta,Paditta,Paditta,[pp.of pa+<em>dīp</em>,cp.Sk.pradīpta] kindled,set on fire,blazing S.III,93 ≈ (chav’âlataṃ ubhato padittaṃ); J.VI,108; Sdhp.208 (°aṅgārakāsuṃ).(Page 409),7,1
  8404. 326714,en,15,padiyati,padīyati,Padīyati,Padīyati,[Pass.of padāti] to be given out or presented; Pv.II,9<sup>16</sup>; Sdhp.502,523.(Page 409),8,1
  8405. 326726,en,15,padma,padma,Padma,Padma,see paduma.(Page 411),5,1
  8406. 326735,en,15,padmaka,padmaka,Padmaka,Padmaka,(m. &#38; nt.) [Sk.padmaka] N.of a tree,Costus speciosus or arabicus J.V,405,420; VI,497 (reading uncertain),537.(Page 411),7,1
  8407. 326773,en,15,padosa,padosa,Padosa,Padosa,<sup>2</sup> [pa+dosa<sup>2</sup>,Sk.pradveṣa,see remarks to dosa<sup>2</sup>] anger,hatred,ill-will; always as <i>mano°</i> “anger in mind” M.I,377; Sn.328 (=khāṇu-kaṇṭak’ādimhi p.SnA 334),702; J.IV,29; Miln.130; Vism.304; SnA 477.(Page 410),6,1
  8408. 326774,en,15,padosa,padosa,Padosa,Padosa,<sup>1</sup> [pa+dosa<sup>1</sup>,Sk.pradoṣa] defect,fault,blemish,badness,corruption,sin D.I,71 (=padussati paraṃ vā padūseti vināsetī ti padoso DA.I,211); M.III,3; S.IV,322 (vyāpāda°); A.I,8 (ceto°); III,92 (vyāpāda); It.12; J.V,99; Pug.59,68; Dhs.1060.-- Note.At ThA.72 we find reading “apace paduse (padose?) pi ca” as uncertain conjecture for v.l.BB “amacce manase pi ca.” (Page 410),6,1
  8409. 326798,en,15,padoseti,padoseti,Padoseti,Padoseti,see <i>padūseti</i>.(Page 410),8,1
  8410. 326810,en,15,padosika,padosika,Padosika,Padosika,(adj.) [fr.padosa<sup>1</sup>] sinful,spoiling or spoilt,full of fault or corruption,only in 2 phrases,viz.<i>khiḍḍā°</i> “debauched by pleasure” D.I,19; and <i>mano°</i> “debauched in mind” D.I,20,21.(Page 410),8,1
  8411. 326814,en,15,padosin,padosin,Padosin,Padosin,(adj.) [fr.padosa<sup>1</sup>] abusing,damaging,spoiling,injuring S.I,13 (appaduttha°); Pv IV.7<sup>10</sup>.(Page 410),7,1
  8412. 326823,en,15,padubbhati,padubbhati,Padubbhati,Padubbhati,[pa+dubbhati] to do wrong,offend,plot against J.I,262 (ger.°dubbhitvā).(Page 410),10,1
  8413. 326842,en,15,paduka,pāduka,Pāduka,Pāduka,[=pādaka] a little foot J.VI,554.(Page 452),6,1
  8414. 326847,en,15,paduka,pādukā,Pādukā,Pādukā,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.pāduka &#38; pādukā] a shoe,slipper,clog Vin.I,190; II,142,222; J.III,327; IV,129,379; V,298; VI,23; Miln.330; DA.I,136; DhA.III,451 (muñja°).-- At Vin.II,143 (according to Rh.D.) pādukā (dāru°) is a kind of stool or stand in a privy.(Page 452),6,1
  8415. 326856,en,15,padulla,padulla,Padulla,Padulla,[?] in cpd.padulla-gāhin is perhaps misreading; trsl.“clutching at blown straws (of vain opinion),” expl<sup>d</sup> by C.as duṭṭhullagāhin; at id.p.S.I,187 we find duṭṭhullabhāṇin “whose speech is never lewd” (see Psalms of Brethren 399,n.3).(Page 410),7,1
  8416. 326864,en,15,paduma,paduma,Paduma,Paduma,(nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.padma,not in RV.] the lotus Nelumbium speciosum.It is usually mentioned in two varieties,viz.<i>ratta°</i> and <i>seta°</i>,i.e.red and white lotus,so at J.V,37; SnA 125; as ratta° at VvA.191; PvA.157.The latter seems to be the more prominent variety; but paduma also includes the 3 other colours (blue,yellow,pink?),since it frequently has the designation of <i>pañcavaṇṇa-paduma</i> (the 5 colours however are nowhere specified),e.g.at J.I,222; V,337; VI,341; VvA.41.It is further classified as <i>satapatta</i> and <i>sahassapatta-</i>p.,viz.lotus with 100 &#38; with 1,000 leaves:VvA.191.Compared with other species at J.V,37,where 7 kinds are enum<sup>d</sup> as <i>uppala</i> (blue,red &#38; white),<i>paduma</i> (red &#38; white),<i>kumuda</i> (white) and <i>kallahāra</i>.See further kamala and kuvalaya.-- (1) the lotus or lotus flower M.III,93; S.I,138,204; A.I,145; II,86 sq.; III,26,239; Sn.71,213; J.I,51 (daṇḍa° N.of a plant,cp.Sk.daṇḍotphala),76 (khandha°,latā°,daṇḍaka°,olambaka°); IV,3; VI,564; Dh.458; Nd<sup>1</sup> 135; Vv 35<sup>4</sup> (=puṇḍarīka VvA.161); 44<sup>12</sup> (nānā-paduma-sañchanna); Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup> (id.); II,12<sup>2</sup> (id.); Pug.63; Vism.256 (ratta°); DA.I,219; KhA 53; SnA 97; Sdhp.359.-- (2) N.of a purgatory (°niraya) S.I,151--152; Sn.677; p.126; SnA 475 sq.<br><br> <i>--acchara</i> (heavenly) lotus-maiden SnA 469.--uttara N.of Buddha SnA 341,455 etc.<i>--kaṇṇikā</i> a peak in the shape of a lotus VvA.181.<i>--kalāpa</i> a bunch of lotuses VvA.191.<i>--gabbha</i> the calyx of a l.ThA.68 (°vaṇṇa).<i>--patta</i> a l.leaf Nd<sup>1</sup> 135 (=pokkhara); DhA.IV,166 (=pokkhara-patta).<i>--puñja</i> a l.cluster J.III,55.<i>--puppha</i> a lotus flower Nd<sup>2</sup> 393; SnA 78.<i>--rāga</i> “lotus hued,” a ruby VvA.276.<i>--vyūha</i> one of the 3 kinds of fighting,viz.p.°; cakka°,sakaṭa° J.II,406= IV.343 (cp.Sk.p.-vyūha-samādhi a kind of concentration, &#38; see J trsl<sup>n</sup> II.275).<i>--sara</i> a lotus pond J.I,221; V,337; SnA 141.(Page 410),6,1
  8417. 326919,en,15,padumaka,padumaka,Padumaka,Padumaka,[fr.paduma] 1.the Paduma purgatory S.I,152.-- 2.a lotus J.II,325.(Page 410),8,1
  8418. 327152,en,15,padumin,padumin,Padumin,Padumin,(adj.-n.) [cp.Sk.padmin,spotted elephant] having a lotus,belonging to a lotus,lotus-like; N.of (the spotted) elephant Sn.53 (expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 103 as “padumasadisa-gattatāya vā Padumakule uppannatāya vā padumī,” cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> p.164).-- f.paduminī [cp.Sk.padminī lotus plant] 1.a lotus pond of pool of lotuses D.I,75; II,38; M.III,93; S.I,138; A.III,26.-- 2.the lotus plant Nelumbium speciosum J.I,128 (°paṇṇa); IV,419 (°patta); SnA 369; KhA 67 (°patta); PvA.189.(Page 410),7,1
  8419. 327286,en,15,paduseti,padūseti,Padūseti,Padūseti, &#38; Padoseti [Caus.of padussati,but the latter probably denom.fr.padosa<sup>2</sup>] to defile,pollute,spoil,make bad or corrupt [cp.BSk.pradūṣyati cittaṃ Divy 197,286] D.I,20; M.I,129; It.86; DA.I,211 (see padosa<sup>1</sup>); ThA.72 (Ap.V,40; to be read for paduse,Pot.=padoseyya); J.V,273 (manaṃ p.,for upahacca).--<i>padusseti</i> read also at A.IV,97 for padasseti (dummaṅku ‘yam padusseti dhūm’aggimhi va pāvako).-- As <i>padoseti</i> at PvA.212 (cittāni padosetvā) and in stock phrase <i>manaṃ padosaye</i> (Pot.) in sense of “to set upon anger” (cp.padosa<sup>2</sup>) S.I,149 (“sets his heart at enmity”)=A.II,3; V,171,174=Sn.659 (=manaṃ padoseyya SnA 477)= Nett 132; S.IV,70; SnA 11 (mano padoseyya).-- pp.<i>padūsita</i> (q.v.).(Page 410),8,1
  8420. 327302,en,15,padusita,padūsita,Padūsita,Padūsita,[pp.of padūseti] made bad,corrupted,spoilt It.13 (v.l.padussita).(Page 410),8,1
  8421. 327337,en,15,padussati,padussati,Padussati,Padussati,[pa+dussati] to do wrong,offend against (with Loc.),make bad,corrupt DA.I,211 (see padosa); Sn.108 (v.l.for padissati); aor.<i>padussi</i> J.II,125,401.-- pp.<i>paduṭṭha;</i> Caus.<i>padūseti</i> (q.v.).(Page 410),9,1
  8422. 327359,en,15,paduttha,paduṭṭha,Paduṭṭha,Paduṭṭha,[pp.of padussati] made bad,spoilt,corrupt,wicked,bad (opp.pasanna,e.g.at A.I,8; It.12,13) D.III,32 (°citta); M.III,49; A.II,30; Sn.662; Dh.1; J.II,401; DhA.I,23 (opp.pasanna); PvA.34,43 (°manasa).--<i>appaduṭṭha</i> good,not corrupt D.I,20; III,32; M.III,50; S.I,13; Pv IV.7<sup>10</sup>.(Page 410),8,1
  8423. 327368,en,15,padvara,padvāra,Padvāra,Padvāra,(nt.) [pa+dvāra] a place before a door or gate J.V,433; VI,327.<br><br> <i>--gāma</i> suburb Dāvs.V,3.(Page 411),7,1
  8424. 327385,en,15,pagabbha,pagabbha,Pagabbha,Pagabbha,(adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.pragalbha] bold,daring,forward,reckless M.I,236; S.I,201 (sup°); A.III,433; Sn.89,852 (ap°=na pagabbha KhA 242,cp.also Nd<sup>1</sup> 228); Dh.244 (=kāyapāgabbhiyâdīhi samannāgata DhA.III,354); J.II,32,281,359; V,448; Miln.389; Dāvs III,26.-- <i>apagabbha</i> at Vin.III,3 is used in quite a diff.sense,viz.“one who has no more connection with a womb” (a+pa+*garbha) (Page 381),8,1
  8425. 327391,en,15,pagabbhata,pagabbhatā,Pagabbhatā,Pagabbhatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.pagabbha,cp.Sk.pragalbhatā] resoluteness,boldness,decision J.VI,273.See also pāgabbhiya.(Page 381),10,1
  8426. 327396,en,15,pagabbhin,pagabbhin,Pagabbhin,Pagabbhin,(adj.) [=pagabbha] bold J.VI,238.(Page 381),9,1
  8427. 327402,en,15,pagabbhiya,pāgabbhiya,Pāgabbhiya,Pāgabbhiya,(nt.) [fr.pagabbha] boldness,impudence,forwardness Sn.930; Nd<sup>1</sup> 228 sq.(3 kinds,viz.kāyika,vācasika,cetasika),390 sq.; J.II,32; V,449 (pagabbhiya); SnA 165; KhA 242; DhA.III,354 (pa°); VvA.121.(Page 449),10,1
  8428. 327414,en,15,pagahati,pagāhati,Pagāhati,Pagāhati,[pa+gāhati] to dive into,sink into Sn.819 (≈ ajjhogāha SnA 537; =ogāhati ajjhogāhati pavisati Nd<sup>1</sup> 152).-- pp.<i>pagāḷha</i>.(Page 381),8,1
  8429. 327427,en,15,pagalha,pagāḷha,Pagāḷha,Pagāḷha,[pp.of pagāhati] suṅk into,immersed in (Loc.) Sn.441,772 (=ogāḷha ajjhogāḷha nimugga Nd<sup>1</sup> 26).(Page 381),7,1
  8430. 327435,en,15,pagama,pagama,Pagama,Pagama,[fr.pra+<em>gam</em>] going forth from (-°) DhsA.329.(Page 381),6,1
  8431. 327438,en,15,pagandaka,pagaṇḍaka,Pagaṇḍaka,Pagaṇḍaka,see pakaṭṭhaka.(Page 381),9,1
  8432. 327454,en,15,pageva,pageva,Pageva,Pageva,(adv.) [Page=Sk.prage+eva,but BSk.prāgeva] (how) much more or much less,a fortiori,lit.“right at the earliest” J.I,354; V,242; Miln.91; Vism.93,259,322; VvA.258,PvA.115,116,117.-- Compar.<i>Pagevataraṃ</i> M.III,145; <i>atippage</i> too early J.III,48; <i>atippago</i> id.M.I,84; S.II,32; A.V,48.(Page 382),6,1
  8433. 327464,en,15,paggaha,paggaha,Paggaha,Paggaha, &#38; Paggāha [fr.paggaṇhāti] 1.exertion,energy; (a) <i>paggaha</i>:D.III,213 (v.l.paggāha,also °nimitta); Ps.II,8 (°cariyā),20 (°ṭṭha); DA.I,63 (viriy-indriyassa °lakkhaṇa); (b) <i>paggāha</i>:A.I,83,256 (°nimitta); Dhs.277 (trsl.“grasp”),336,1359 (°nimitta); DhsA.406.‹-› 2.(<i>paggaha</i>) favour,kindness,patronage [same meaning in Ep.Sk.] Vin.III,145=A.III,66; J.V,116 (opp.niggaha); VI,371 (id.).(Page 382),7,1
  8434. 327470,en,15,paggaha,paggāha,Paggāha,Paggāha,see paggaha.(Page 382),7,1
  8435. 327475,en,15,paggahana,paggahaṇa,Paggahaṇa,Paggahaṇa,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>gṛh</em>,cp.paggaṇhāti] stretching forth,lifting,holding out; of the hands as sign of respectful salutation (cp.añjaliṃ paggaṇhāti) J.III,82.-- Abstr.<i>°tā</i>=paggaha 1.Vism.134.(Page 382),9,1
  8436. 327489,en,15,paggahika,paggāhika,Paggāhika,Paggāhika,(adj.) [paggāha+ika] belonging to,receiving (or trading?) in cpd.<i>°sālā</i> a shop Vin.II,291 (cp.Vin.Texts III,383:“would he set up as a hawker in cloth,or would he open a shop”).(Page 382),9,1
  8437. 327498,en,15,paggahita,paggahita,Paggahita,Paggahita,[pp.of paggaṇhāti,cp.BSk.pragṛhīta lofty Divy 7,102] holding up,or (being) held up Vin.II,131 (chatta° holding up a parasol,) 207 (id.); J.VI,235; SnA 175 (=Sn.p.21).(Page 382),9,1
  8438. 327502,en,15,paggalita,paggalita,Paggalita,Paggalita,[pp.of pa+<em>gal</em>] dripping PvA.56 (v.l.for T.vigalita).(Page 382),9,1
  8439. 327539,en,15,pagganhati,paggaṇhāti,Paggaṇhāti,Paggaṇhāti,[pa+gaṇhāti] 1.to stretch forth,hold out or up,take up D.I,123 (sujaṃ the sacrificial ladle),125 (añjaliṃ stretch out the hollow hands as a token of respectful greeting); S.I,141; II,280; J.I,89 (paveṇiṃ); PvA.74 (turiyāni).ger.<i>paggayha</i> taking up,raising up,stretching forth Sn.350 (=uttāretvā SnA 349); Dh.268 (tulaṃ); Pv.II,9<sup>17</sup> (bāhuṃ); IV,7<sup>4</sup> (uccaṃ p.); VvA.7 (añjaliṃ).Often in phrase <i>bāhā paggayha kandati</i> to wail or lament with outstretched arms (a special pose of mourning) J.V,267; VI,188; PvA.92 (=pasāreti).-- 2.to take up,take care of,favour,support,befriend (opp.niggaṇhāti) J.I,511; II,21; V,116,369; Miln.185,186; PvA.114 (sappurisa-dhammaṃ).-- 3.to put to,exert,strain,apply vigorously (cittaṃ one’s mind) S.V,9; Ps.II,20 (paggaṇhanto viriyena carati).-- pp.<i>paggahita</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>paggaheti</i> to exert Miln.390 (mānasaṃ).-- Caus.II.<i>paggaṇhāpeti</i> to cause to hold up or out,to cause to uphold or support Miln.21 (dhamma-dhajaṃ); J.V,248; PvA.74 (turiyāni).(Page 382),10,1
  8440. 327549,en,15,paggava,paggava,Paggava,Paggava,[etym?] a medicinal plant with bitter fruit J.II,105 (v.l.pakkava).(Page 382),7,1
  8441. 327569,en,15,paggharana,paggharaṇa,Paggharaṇa,Paggharaṇa,(adj.-n.) [fr.paggharati] trickling,oozing,dripping J.I,146; VI,187 (a°); f.<i>°ī</i> D.I,74 (=bindubinduṃ udakaṃ paggharati DA.I,218); the “mark” of liquid DhsA.332.(Page 382),10,1
  8442. 327574,en,15,paggharanaka,paggharaṇaka,Paggharaṇaka,Paggharaṇaka,(adj.) [fr.paggharati] flowing,trickling,oozing out J.VI,187 (app°-velā),531; DhA.I,126 (lohitaṃ); Vism.262.(Page 382),12,1
  8443. 327605,en,15,paggharati,paggharati,Paggharati,Paggharati,[pa+gharati,which stands for kṣarati,also appearing as jharati,cp.Sk.nirjhara,Prk.pajjharati Mālatī-M.p.51.BSk.pragharati Divy 57,409; AvŚ I.282] to flow forth or out,to ooze,trickle,drip S.I,150; Sn.p.125 (pubbañ ca lohitañ ca.p.); J.VI,328; Pv.I,6<sup>7</sup> (gabbho pagghari=vissandi PvA.34); II,9<sup>11</sup> (=vissandati PvA.119); II,9<sup>26</sup> (akkhīni p.=vissandanti PvA.123,sic lege!); Miln.180; VvA.76 (navahi dvārehi puḷuvakā pagghariṃsu).-- pp.<i>paggharita</i> (q.v.).(Page 382),10,1
  8444. 327618,en,15,paggharita,paggharita,Paggharita,Paggharita,[pp.of paggharati] flowing,trickling S.II,179; Th.2,466; PvA.198 (khīra).(Page 382),10,1
  8445. 327675,en,15,paghana,paghaṇa,Paghaṇa,Paghaṇa,(nt.) [cp.Sk.praghaṇa] a covered terrace before a house Vin.II,153 (“paghanaṃ nāma yaṃ nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca pādehi hananti.tassa vihāra-dvāre ubhato kuṭṭaṃ niharitvā katapadesass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ” Bdhgh,quoted Vin.Texts III,175).(Page 382),7,1
  8446. 327700,en,15,pagiddha,pagiddha,Pagiddha,Pagiddha,(adj.) [pa+giddha] greedy after,clinging to,finding delight in (Loc.) J.V,269 (=gadhita mucchita C.on p.274).(Page 381),8,1
  8447. 327711,en,15,pagumba,pagumba,Pagumba,Pagumba,[pa+gumba] a thicket,bush,clump of trees Sn.233.(Page 382),7,1
  8448. 327722,en,15,paguna,paguṇa,Paguṇa,Paguṇa,(adj.) [pa+guṇa cp.Sk.praguṇa straight,der.“kind”] learned,full of knowledge,clever,wellacquainted,familiar D.III,170; Vv 53<sup>2</sup> (=nipuṇa VvA.232); J.II,243; IV,130; V,399; Vism.95 (Majjhimo me paguṇo:I am well versed in the M.),242 (dve tayo nikāyā paguṇā); DA.I,95; SnA 195; KhA 73.-- <i>paguṇaṃ karoti</i>,to make oneself familiar with,to learn by heart,to master thoroughly J.II,166; III,537 (tayo vede); Miln.12 (Abhidhamma-piṭakaṃ).<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> familiarity with,acquaintance,efficient state,cleverness in,experience.knowledge (cp.pāguñña) J.III,537; Dhs.48,49.(Page 382),6,1
  8449. 327796,en,15,pagunata,paguṇatā,Paguṇatā,Paguṇatā,(f.) &#38; Paguṇatta (nt.) (doubtful) abstr.to paguṇa in expl<sup>n</sup> of pāguññatā at Dhs.48 &#38; 49 (trsl.fitness,competence).(Page 382),8,1
  8450. 327835,en,15,pagunnata,pāguññatā,Pāguññatā,Pāguññatā,(f.) [abstr.of pāguñña,which is der.fr.paguna] being familiar with,experience Dhs.48,49; Vism.463 sq.,466.(Page 449),9,1
  8451. 327841,en,15,pagusa,pāgusa,Pāgusa,Pāgusa,[cp.Sk.vāgusa,a sort of large fish Halāyudha 3,37] a certain kind of fish J.IV,70 (as gloss,T.reads pāvusa,SS puṭusa,BB pātusa &#38; pāvuma; C.expl<sup>ns</sup> as mahā-mukha-maccha).(Page 449),6,1
  8452. 327845,en,15,paha,paha,Paha,Paha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.)=pahu,i.e.able to (with inf.) J.V,198 (C.pahū samattho).(Page 448),4,1
  8453. 327846,en,15,paha,paha,Paha,Paha,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [?] flight of steps from which to step down into the water,a ghat (=tittha Bdhgh) D.I,223.The meaning is uncertain,it is trsl<sup>d</sup> as “accessible” at Dial.I.283 (q.v.for further detail).Neumann (Majjhima trsl<sup>n</sup> I.513) trsl<sup>s</sup> “ganz und gar erloschen” (pabhā?).It is not at all improbable to take <i>pahaṃ</i> as ppr.of pajahati (as contracted fr.pajahaṃ like pahatvāna for pajahitvāna at Sn.639),thus meaning “giving up entirely.” The same form in the latter meaning occurs at ThA.69 (Ap.v.3).(Page 448),4,1
  8454. 327855,en,15,pahamsati,pahaṃsati,Pahaṃsati,Pahaṃsati,<sup>2</sup> [pa+haṃsati<sup>2</sup>=hassati,of <em>hṛṣ</em> to be glad,cp.ghaṃsati<sup>2</sup>] to be pleased,to rejoice; only in pp.<i>pahaṭṭha<sup>2</sup> </i>&<i> pahaṃsita<sup>2</sup></i> (q.v.),and in Pass.<i>pahaṃsīyati</i> to be gladdened,to exult Miln.326 (+kuhīyati).See also sam°.(Page 448),9,1
  8455. 327856,en,15,pahamsati,pahaṃsati,Pahaṃsati,Pahaṃsati,<sup>1</sup> [pa+haṃsati<sup>1</sup>=ghaṃsati<sup>1</sup>,of <em>ghṛṣ</em> to rub,grind] to strike,beat (a metal),rub,sharpen (a cutting instrument,as knife,hatchet,razor etc.) J.I,278; II,102 (pharasuṃ); DhA.I,253 (khuraṃ pahaṃsi sharpened the razor; corresponds to ghaṭṭeti in preceding context).-- pp.<i>pahaṭṭha<sup>1</sup> </i>&<i> pahaṃsita<sup>1</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 448),9,1
  8456. 327860,en,15,pahamsita,pahaṃsita,Pahaṃsita,Pahaṃsita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of pahaṃsati<sup>2</sup>] gladdened,delighted,happy DhA.I,230 (°mukha); VvA.279 (°mukha SS <i>pahasita</i> at Miln.297 is better to be taken as pp.of pahasati,because of comb<sup>n</sup> haṭṭha pahaṭṭha hasita pahasita.(Page 448),9,1
  8457. 327861,en,15,pahamsita,pahaṃsita,Pahaṃsita,Pahaṃsita,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of pahaṃsati] struck,beaten (of metal),refined J.VI,218 (ukkā-mukha°),574 (id.).(Page 448),9,1
  8458. 327873,en,15,pahana,pahāna,Pahāna,Pahāna,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>hā</em>,see pajahati] giving up,leaving,abandoning,rejection M.I,60,III,4,72; S.I,13,132 (dukkha°); II,170; III,53; IV,7 sq.; D.III,225,246; A.I,82,134; II,26,232 (kaṇhassa kammassa °āya).; III,431; Sn.374,1106 (=vūpasama paṭinissagga etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 429); Dh.331; J.I,79; Ps.I,26; II,98,156; Pug.16; Dhs.165,174,339; Nett 15 sq.,24,192; Vism.194 (nīvaraṇa-santāpa°); DhsA.166,345; VvA.73.<i>--°pariññā</i> see pariññā; <i>--°vinaya</i> avoidance consisting in giving up (coupled with saṃvara-vinaya avoidance by protection,prophylaxis),based on the 5 qualities tadaṅga-pahāna,vikkhambhana°,samuccheda°,paṭippassaddhi°,nissaraṇa° DhsA.351; SnA 8.(Page 448),6,1
  8459. 327894,en,15,pahara,pahāra,Pahāra,Pahāra,[fr.pa+<em>hṛ</em>,Class.Sk.prahāra,see paharati] 1.a blow,stroke,hit D.I,144 (daṇḍa°); M.I,123,126; Pv IV.16<sup>7</sup> (sālittaka°); M.I,123; DhA.III,48 (°dāna-sikkhāpada the precepts concerning those guilty of giving blows,cp.Vin.IV,146); PvA.4 (ekappahārena with one stroke).56 (muggara°),66 (id.) 253.-- ekappahārena at Vism.418 as adv.“all at once.” pahāraṃ deti to give a blow Vin.IV,146; S.IV,62; A.III,121; Vism.314 (pahārasatāni); PvA.191 (sīse).-- 2.a wound J.IV,89; V,459 (°mukha).(Page 448),6,1
  8460. 327908,en,15,paharana,paharaṇa,Paharaṇa,Paharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.paharati] striking,beating SnA 224; PvA.285.(Page 448),8,1
  8461. 327911,en,15,paharana,pahāraṇa,Pahāraṇa,Pahāraṇa,see abhi°.(Page 448),8,1
  8462. 327913,en,15,paharanaka,paharaṇaka,Paharaṇaka,Paharaṇaka,(adj.) [fr.paharaṇa] striking,hitting J.I,418.(Page 448),10,1
  8463. 327929,en,15,paharati,paharati,Paharati,Paharati,[pa+<em>hṛ</em>] to strike,hit,beat J.III,26,347; VI,376; VvA.65; PvA.4; freq.in phrase <i>accharaṃ</i> p.to snap one’s finger,e.g.J.II,447; see <i>accharā<sup>1</sup></i>.aor.<i>pahāsi</i> (cp.pariyudāhāsi) Vv 29<sup>2</sup> (=pahari VvA.123).-- pp.<i>pahaṭa</i> (q.v.).Caus.<i>paharāpeti</i>.-- 1.to cause to be assailed J.IV,150.-- 2.to put on or join on to J.VI,32 (°hārāpesi).(Page 448),8,1
  8464. 327938,en,15,paharin,pahārin,Pahārin,Pahārin,(adj.) [fr.paharati] striking,assaulting J.II,211.(Page 448),7,1
  8465. 327951,en,15,pahasa,pahāsa,Pahāsa,Pahāsa,[fr.pa+<em>has,</em>cp.Class.Sk.prahāsa] laughing,mirth Dhs.9,86,285; VvA.132; Sdhp.223.(Page 448),6,1
  8466. 327957,en,15,pahasati,pahasati,Pahasati,Pahasati,[pa+<em>has</em>] to laugh,giggle J.V,452 (ūhasati+).See also pahassati &#38; pahāsati.-- pp.<i>pahasita</i> (q.v.).(Page 448),8,1
  8467. 327960,en,15,pahasati,pahāsati,Pahāsati,Pahāsati,in pahāsanto saparisaṃ at ThA.69 should preferably be read as <i>pahāsayanto parisaṃ</i>,thus taken as Caus.of pa+<em>has,</em>i.e.making one smile,gladdening.(Page 448),8,1
  8468. 327968,en,15,pahaseti,pahāseti,Pahāseti,Pahāseti,[Caus.of pahasati] to make laugh,to gladden,to make joyful Vism.289 (cittaṃ pamodeti hāseti pahāseti).(Page 448),8,1
  8469. 327973,en,15,pahasi,pahāsi,Pahāsi,Pahāsi,is 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.aor.of <i>paharati</i>; found at Vv 29<sup>8</sup> (musalena=pahari VvA.113); and also 3rd sg.aor of <i>pajahati</i>,e.g.at Sn.1057 (=pajahi Nd<sup>2</sup> under jahati) (Page 448),6,1
  8470. 327977,en,15,pahasita,pahasita,Pahasita,Pahasita,[pp.of pahasati or °hassati] laughing,smiling,joyful,pleased Miln.297; J.I,411 (nicca° mukha); II,179.(Page 448),8,1
  8471. 327984,en,15,pahassati,pahassati,Pahassati,Pahassati,[pa+<em>has</em>,perhaps pa+<em>hṛṣ</em>,Sk.harṣati,cp.pahaṃsati<sup>2</sup>] to laugh,be joyful or cheerful Sn.887 (=haṭṭha pahaṭṭha Nd<sup>1</sup> 296; cp.SnA 555 hāsajāta).The pp.<i>pahasita</i> (q.v.) is derived fr.pres.<i>pahasati</i>,which makes the equation pahassati=pahaṃsati<sup>2</sup> all the more likely.(Page 448),9,1
  8472. 327992,en,15,pahata,pahaṭa,Pahaṭa,Pahaṭa,[pp.of paharati] assailed,struck,beaten (of musical instruments) J.II,102,182; VI,189; VvA.161 (so for pahata); PvA.253.Of a ball:driven,impelled Vism.143 (°citra-geṇḍuka)=DhsA.116 (so read for pahaṭṭha-citta-bheṇḍuka and correct Expositor 153 accordingly).The reading pahaṭa at PvA.4 is to be corrected to paṭaha.(Page 448),6,1
  8473. 327997,en,15,pahata,pahata,Pahata,Pahata,[pp.of pa+<em>han</em>] killed,overcome M.III,46; S.II,54; J.VI,512.(Page 448),6,1
  8474. 328016,en,15,pahattha,pahaṭṭha,Pahaṭṭha,Pahaṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of pahaṃsati<sup>2</sup>] gladdened,happy,cheerful,delighted Vin.III,14; J.I,278 (twice; once as <i>°mānasa</i>,which is wrongly taken by C.as pahaṭṭha<sup>1</sup>),443; II,240 (tuṭṭha°); Vism.346 (haṭṭha°); DhA.I,230 (tuṭṭha°); VvA.337.In its original sense of “bristling” (with excitement or joy),with ref.to ear &#38; hair of an elephant in phrase <i>pahaṭṭha-kaṇṇa-vāla</i> at Vin.II,195= J.V,335 (cp.Sk.prahṛṣṭa-roman,N.of an Asura at Kathāsaritsāgara 47,30).(Page 448),8,1
  8475. 328017,en,15,pahattha,pahaṭṭha,Pahaṭṭha,Pahaṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of pahaṃsati<sup>1</sup>] struck,beaten (of metal) J.VI,217 (suvaṇṇa).(Page 448),8,1
  8476. 328033,en,15,pahaya,pahāya,Pahāya,Pahāya,is ger.of <i>pajahati</i> (q.v.).(Page 448),6,1
  8477. 328045,en,15,pahayin,pahāyin,Pahāyin,Pahāyin,(adj.) [fr.pa+<em>hā</em>,see pajahati] giving up,abandoning Sn.1113,1132,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 431; Sdhp.500.(Page 448),7,1
  8478. 328052,en,15,pahena,pahena,Pahena,Pahena,(nt.) [paheṇa?] same as pahiṇa in <i>°gamana</i> going on errands J.II,82.(Page 449),6,1
  8479. 328060,en,15,pahenaka,paheṇaka,Paheṇaka,Paheṇaka,(nt.) [cp.BSk.praheṇaka in sense of “sweetmeat” at Divy 13,258; the *Sk.form is prahelaka] a present J.VI,369 (so here,whereas the same word as <i>pahiṇaka</i> at A.III,76 clearly means “sweetmeat”).(Page 449),8,1
  8480. 328071,en,15,paheti,pāheti,Pāheti,Pāheti,[secondary form.after aor.pāhesi fr.pahiṇati] to send J.I,447; Miln.8; PvA.133.(Page 456),6,1
  8481. 328077,en,15,pahina,pahiṇa,Pahiṇa,Pahiṇa,(adj.-n.) [fr.pa+<em>hi</em>] sending; being sent; a messenger,in <i>°gamaṇa</i> going as messenger,doing messages D.I,5; M.I,345; J.II,82; Miln.370; DA.I,78.See also <i>pahana</i>.(Page 448),6,1
  8482. 328084,en,15,pahina,pahīna,Pahīna,Pahīna,[pp.of pajahati] given up,abandoned,left,eliminated Vin.III,97=IV.27; S.II,24; III,33; IV,305; Sn.351 (°jāti-maraṇa),370,564,1132 (°mala-moha); It.32; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Ps.I,63; II,244; Pug.12,22.(Page 449),6,1
  8483. 328099,en,15,pahinaka,pahiṇaka,Pahiṇaka,Pahiṇaka,(nt.) [fr.pahiṇati?] a sweetmeat A.III,76 (v.l.pahenaka).See also <i>paheṇaka</i>.The (late) Sk.form is prahelaka.(Page 448),8,1
  8484. 328110,en,15,pahinana,pahiṇana,Pahiṇana,Pahiṇana,(nt.) [fr.pahiṇati] sending,dispatch DhA.II,243.(Page 448),8,1
  8485. 328126,en,15,pahinati,pahiṇati,Pahiṇati,Pahiṇati,[pa+<em>hi</em>,Sk.hinoti] to send; Pres.pahiṇati.Vin.III,140 sq.; IV,18; DhA.II,243; aor.<i>pahiṇi</i> J I,60 (sāsanaṃ); V,458 (paṇṇāni); VvA.67; DhA.I,72; II,56,243; ger.<i>pahiṇitva</i> VvA.65.-- pp.<i>pahita<sup>2</sup></i> (q.v.).There is another aor.<i>pāhesi</i> (Sk.prāhaiṣīt) in analogy to which a new pres.<i>pāheti</i> has been formed,so that pāhesi is now felt to be a der.fr.pāheti &#38; accordingly is grouped with the latter.All other forms with he° (pahetuṃ e.g.) are to be found under pāheti.(Page 448),8,1
  8486. 328146,en,15,pahita,pahita,Pahita,Pahita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of pahiṇati] sent J.I,86 (sāsana); DhA.II,242; III,191 (interchanging with pesita).(Page 449),6,1
  8487. 328161,en,15,pahiyati,pahīyati,Pahīyati,Pahīyati,[Pass.of pajahati] to be abandoned,to pass away,vanish M.I,7; S.I,219 (fut.°issati); II,196 (ppr.°īyamāna); V,152; Sn.806; Nd<sup>1</sup> 124; VbhA.271.Spelt <i>pahiyyati</i> at S.V,150.(Page 449),8,1
  8488. 328172,en,15,pahona,pahona,Pahona,Pahona,in Pahonakāla at J.III,17 read as pahonaka°.(Page 449),6,1
  8489. 328178,en,15,pahonaka,pahonaka,Pahonaka,Pahonaka,(adj.) [fr.pahoti] sufficient,enough J.I,346; II,122; III,17 (so read for pahona°); IV,277; Vism.404; DhA.I,78,219; VvA.264; PvA.81.(Page 449),8,1
  8490. 328189,en,15,pahoti,pahoti,Pahoti,Pahoti, &#38; (in verse) pabhavati [pa+<i>bhu</i>,cp.Vedic prabhavati in meaning “to be helpful”] 1.to proceed from (with Gen.),rise,originate D.II,217; M.III,76; S.II,184; as <i>pabhavati</i> at Sn.728=1050 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 401); (perf.med.) <i>pahottha</i> it has arisen from (Gen.),i.e.it was the fault of J.V,102.-- 2.to be sufficient,adequate or able (with inf.) D.I,240; M.I,94; S.I,102; Sn.36,867; J.V,305; DA.I,192; III,254 (fut.pahossati); VvA.75; Dāvs.IV,18.Neg.both with na° &#38; a° viz.nappahoti J.VI,204; DhA.III,408; nappahosi J.I,84; appahoti DhA.IV,177; appabhonto PvA.73; in verse <i>appabhavaṃ</i> J.III,373 (=appahonto C.).-- pp.<i>pahūta</i> (q.v.).(Page 449),6,1
  8491. 328193,en,15,pahtta,pahtta,Pahtta,Pahtta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of padahati] resolute,intent,energetic; only in cpd.pahitatta of resolute will (cp.BSk.prahitātman Divy 37) M.I,114; S.I,53 (expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh with wrong derivation fr.peseti as “pesit-atta” thus identifying pahita<sup>1</sup> &#38; pahita<sup>2</sup>,see K.S.320); II,21,239; III,73 sq.; IV,60,145,V,187,A.II,14,III,21,IV.302 sq.; V,84; Sn.425,432 sq.,961; It.71; Nd<sup>1</sup> 477; Th.2,161 (expl<sup>d</sup> at ThA.143,with the same mistake as above,as pesita citta); Nd<sup>1</sup> 477 (id.; pesit-atta); Miln.358,366,406.(Page 448),6,1
  8492. 328200,en,15,pahu,pahū,Pahū,Pahū,(adj.) [cp.Vedic prabhū,fr.pa+<em>bhū</em>] able Sn.98; J.V,198; Nd<sup>2</sup> 615°.(Page 449),4,1
  8493. 328209,en,15,pahuna,pāhuna,Pāhuna,Pāhuna,(m.nt.) [fr.pa+ā+<em>hu</em>,see also āhuna &#38; der.] 1.(m.) a guest A.III,260; J.VI,24,516.-- 2.(nt.) meal for a guest D.I,97=M.II,154; Vism.220; DA.I,267.(Page 456),6,1
  8494. 328212,en,15,pahunaka,pāhunaka,Pāhunaka,Pāhunaka,(m.-nt.) [fr.pāhuna] 1.(m.) a guest J.I,197; IV,274; Miln.107; DA.I,267,288; DhA.II,17.-- 2.(nt.) meal for a guest S.I,114.(Page 456),8,1
  8495. 328216,en,15,pahuneyya,pāhuṇeyya,Pāhuṇeyya,Pāhuṇeyya,(adj.) [fr.pāhuna,see also āhuneyya] worthy of hospitality,deserving to be a guest D.III,5; S.I,220; II,70; A.II,56; III,36,134,248,387; IV,13 sq.; V,67,198; It.88; Vism.220.(Page 456),9,1
  8496. 328220,en,15,pahuneyyaka,pāhuneyyaka,Pāhuneyyaka,Pāhuneyyaka,=pāhuṇeyya J.III,440.(Page 456),11,1
  8497. 328230,en,15,pahuta,pahūta,Pahūta,Pahūta,(adj.) [pp.of pa+<em>bhū</em>,cp.Vedic prabhūta] sufficient,abundant,much,considerable Sn.428,862 sq.; Pv.I,5<sup>2</sup> (=anappaka,bahu,yāvadattha C.; Dhp at PvA.25 gives <i>bahuka</i> as inferior variant); I,11<sup>7</sup> (=apariyanta,uḷāra; v.l.bahū); II,7<sup>5</sup> (v.l.bahūta); PvA.145 (dhana; v.l.bahuta); SnA 294 (id.),321 (id.).See also <i>bahūta</i>.<br><br> <i>--jivha</i> large tongued D.II,18; III,144,173.<i>--jivhatā</i> the characteristic of a large tongue Sn.p.107.<i>--dhañña</i> having many riches J.IV,309.<i>--dhana</i> id.Th.2,406 (C.reading for T.bahuta-ratana).<i>--pañña</i> rich in wisdom Sn.359,539,996.<i>--bhakkha</i> eating much,said of the fire S.I,69.<i>--vitta</i>=°dhañña D.I,134; Sn.102; PvA.3.(Page 449),6,1
  8498. 328251,en,15,pahutika,pahūtika,Pahūtika,Pahūtika,(adj.)=pahuta PvA.135 (v.l.BB bahuta; in expl<sup>n</sup> of bahu).(Page 449),8,1
  8499. 328265,en,15,paja,pajā,Pajā,Pajā,(f.) [Ved.prajā,pra+<em>jan</em>] progeny,offspring,generation,beings,men,world (of men),mankind (cp.use of Bibl.Gr.gέnnhma in same meaning) D.II,55; S.V,346,362 sq.; A.II,75 sq.; IV,290; V,232 sq.,253 sq.; Sn.298,545,654,684,776,936,1104 (=sattā Nd<sup>2</sup> 377); Dh.28,85,254,343 (=sattā DhA.IV,49); Nd<sup>1</sup> 47,292; Pv.II,11<sup>7</sup>; IV,3<sup>34</sup>; Pug.57; Vism.223 (=pajāyana-vasena sattā); DhA.I,174; PvA.150,161.-- Very freq.in formula sassamana-brāhmaṇī pajā “this world with its samaṇas and brāhmans” D.I,250; S.I,160,168,207; II,170; III,28,59; IV,158; V,204,352; A.II,130; V,204; Sn.p.15; It.121 etc.(Page 387),4,1
  8500. 328281,en,15,pajagghati,pajagghati,Pajagghati,Pajagghati,[pa+jagghati] to laugh out loud J.VI,475.(Page 386),10,1
  8501. 328290,en,15,pajaha,pajaha,Pajaha,Pajaha,(adj.) [pa+jaha,pres.base of jahati] only neg.<i>a°</i> not giving anything up,greedy A.III,76.(Page 386),6,1
  8502. 328356,en,15,pajahati,pajahati,Pajahati,Pajahati,(°jahāti) [pa+jahati of <em>hā</em>] to give up,renounce,forsake,abandon,eliminate,let go,get rid of; freq.as synonym of jahati (see Nd<sup>2</sup> under jahati with all forms).Its wide range of application with reference to all evils of Buddhist ethics is seen from exhaustive Index at S VI,57 (Index vol.).-- Pres.<i>pajahati</i> S.I,187; III,33=Nd<sup>2</sup> 680,Q 3 (yaṃ na tumhākaṃ taṃ pajahatha); It.32 (kiṃ appahīnaṃ kiṃ pajahāma); 117; A.IV,109 sq.(akusalaṃ,sāvajjaṃ); Sn.789 (dukkhaṃ),1056,1058; Ps.I,63; II,244.ppr.<i>pajahaṃ</i> S.III,27; fut.<i>pahāssaṃ</i> (cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 151<sup>1</sup>) M.II,100.-- aor.<i>pajahi </i>&<i> pahāsi</i> Vin.I,36; S.I,12=23 (saṅkhaṃ); Sn.1057.-- ger.<i>pahāya</i> S.I,12 (kāme),23 (vicikicchaṃ),188 (nīvaraṇāni),Sn.17,209,520 &#38; passim; Nd<sup>2</sup> 430; PvA.16,122 (=hitvā),211; <i>pahatvāna</i> Sn.639,and <i>pajahitvā</i>.fut.<i>pajahissati</i> S.II,226.-- grd.<i>pahātabba</i> M.I,7; Sn.558; VvA.73, &#38; <i>pajahitabba</i> -- pp.<i>pahīna</i> (q.v.).-- Pass.<i>pahīyati</i> (q.v.).(Page 386),8,1
  8503. 328427,en,15,pajana,pājana,Pājana,Pājana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>aj</em>,cp.pācana<sup>2</sup>] a goad SnA 147.(Page 450),6,1
  8504. 328445,en,15,pajanana,pajānanā,Pajānanā,Pajānanā,(f.) [fr.pajānāti] knowledge,understanding,discernment; used in exegetical literature as syn.of paññā Nd<sup>2</sup> 380=Dhs.16,20,555; Pug.25; Nett 28,54.As nt.°a at Vism.436.(Page 387),8,1
  8505. 328506,en,15,pajanati,pajānāti,Pajānāti,Pajānāti,[pa+jānāti] to know,find out,come to know,understand,distinguish D.I,45 (yathābhūtaṃ really,truly),79 (ceto paricca),162,249; Sn.626,726 sq.,987; It.12 (ceto paricca); Dh.402; Pv.I,11<sup>12</sup> (=jānāti PvA.60); J.V,445; Pug.64.-- ppr.<i>pajānaṃ</i> Sn.884,1050,1104 (see expl<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 292=Nd<sup>2</sup> 378); It.98; Pv IV.1<sup>64</sup>; and <i>pajānanto</i> Sn.1051.-- ger.<i>paññāya</i> (q.v.) -- Caus.<i>paññāpeti</i>; pp.<i>paññatta</i>; Pass.<i>paññāyati</i> &#38; pp.<i>paññāta</i> (q.v.).Cp.sampajāna.(Page 387),8,1
  8506. 328537,en,15,pajapati,pajāpati,Pajāpati,Pajāpati,(<i>°ī</i>) 1.(adj.) together with his wife Vin.I,23,342; IV,62; J.I,345; PvA.20.(m.) [Ved.prajāpati,prajā+pati Lord of all created beings,Lord of Creation] Prajāpati (Np.),the supreme Lord of men,only mentioned in one formula together with Inda &#38; Brahmā,viz.devā saindakā sabrahmakā sapajāpatikā in sense of foll.Also at VbhA.497 with Brahmā.-- 2.<i>prajāpati</i> (f.) [of Ved.prajāvant,adj.-n.fr.prajā “having (or rich in) progeny,” with p for v,as pointed out by Trenckner Notes 62<sup>16</sup>] “one who has offspring,” a chief wife of a man of the higher class (like a king,in which case=“chief queen”) or a gahapati,in which case simply “wife”; cp.BSk.prajāpatī “lady” Divy 2,98.-- Vin.I,23; III,25; IV,18,258; S.II,243; A.I,137 (catasso °iyo); IV,210,214; Vv 41<sup>6</sup> (=one of the 16,000 chief queens of Sakka VvA.183); DhA.I,73; PvA.21,31.<i>sapajāpatika</i> (adj.) together with his wife Vin.I,23,342; IV,62; J.I,345; PvA.20.(Page 387),8,1
  8507. 328561,en,15,pajapeti,pājāpeti,Pājāpeti,Pājāpeti,[Caus.of pājeti] to cause to drive or go on J.II,296 (sakaṭāni); III,51 (so read for pajāpeti; BB pāceti &#38; pājeti).(Page 450),8,1
  8508. 328568,en,15,pajappa,pajappā,Pajappā,Pajappā,(f.) [pa+jappā] desire,greed for,longing J.VI,25 (anāgata°); Sn.592; Dhs.1059,1136.(Page 386),7,1
  8509. 328586,en,15,pajappati,pajappati,Pajappati,Pajappati,[pa+jappeti] to yearn for,crave,to be greedy after S.I,5=J.VI,25 (anāgataṃ=pattheti C.).(Page 386),9,1
  8510. 328595,en,15,pajappita,pajappita,Pajappita,Pajappita,[pp.of pajappeti] desired,longed for S.I,181; J.VI,359.(Page 386),9,1
  8511. 328615,en,15,pajayana,pajāyana,Pajāyana,Pajāyana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>jan</em>] being born Vism.223.(Page 387),8,1
  8512. 328628,en,15,pajayati,pajāyati,Pajāyati,Pajāyati,[pa+jāyati] to be born or produced J.V,386; VI,14.(Page 387),8,1
  8513. 328648,en,15,pajeti,pājeti,Pājeti,Pājeti,[Caus.of pa+<em>aj</em>,cp.aja] 1.to drive (cp.pāceti<sup>2</sup>) J.II,122,143,III,51 (BB for T.pājāpeti); V,443 (nāvaṃ); VI,32 (yoggaṃ); SnA 147; DhA.IV,160 (goṇe).-- 2.to throw (the dice) J.VI,281.-- Caus.II.<i>pājāpeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 450),6,1
  8514. 328668,en,15,pajja,pajja,Pajja,Pajja,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.padya &#38; pādya belonging to the feet,Lat.acupedius swift-footed; Gr.pezόs foot-soldier,see also pattika<sup>1</sup>] foot-oil,foot-salve Vin.I,205; D.II,240; J.III,120; IV,396; V,376 (=pādabbhañjana C.).(Page 387),5,1
  8515. 328669,en,15,pajja,pajja,Pajja,Pajja,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.padya] a path,road Sn.514; DA.I,262.(Page 387),5,1
  8516. 328717,en,15,pajjalati,pajjalati,Pajjalati,Pajjalati,[pa+jalati of <em>jval</em>] to burn (forth),blaze up,go into flame Vin.I,180; Sn.687 (sikhi pajjalanto); J.I,215; ThA.62; PvA.38.-- pp.<i>pajjalita</i> (q.v.).(Page 387),9,1
  8517. 328745,en,15,pajjalita,pajjalita,Pajjalita,Pajjalita,[pp.of pajjalati] in flames,burning,blazing S.I,133; Sn.p.21 (aggi); Dh.146; PvA.43 (sāṭakā).(Page 387),9,1
  8518. 328834,en,15,pajjati,pajjati,Pajjati,Pajjati,[<em>pad</em>,Vedic padyate only in meaning “to come to fall,” later Sk.also “to go to”] to go,go to; usually not in simplex,but only in comp<sup>n</sup> with prefixes; as āpajjati,uppajjati,nipajjati etc.-- Alone only in one doubtful passage,viz.A.IV,362 (vv.ll.paccati,pabbati,gacchati.).-- pp.<i>panna</i> (q.v.).(Page 387),7,1
  8519. 328859,en,15,pajjhayati,pajjhāyati,Pajjhāyati,Pajjhāyati,[pa+jhāyati<sup>2</sup>] to be in flames,to waste,decay,dry up; fig.to be consumed or overcome with grief,disappointment or remorse Vin.III,19; IV,5; A.II,214,216; III,57; J.III,534 (pajjhāti metri causa; C=anusocati)=Miln.5.-- ppr.<i>pajjhāyanto</i> downcast,in formula tuṇhībhūto maṅkubhūto pattakkhandho adhomukho p.M.I,132,258 and passim.(Page 387),10,1
  8520. 328887,en,15,pajjota,pajjota,Pajjota,Pajjota,[cp.Ved.pradyota,pra+<em>dyut</em>] light,lustre,splendour,a lamp S.I,15,47; A.II,140; Sn.349; Pug.25; Sdhp.590.-- telapajjota an oil lamp Vin.I,16=D.I,85= A.I,56 ≈; Sn.p.15.-- dhammapajjota the lamp of the Dhamma Miln.21.paññā-pajjota the torch of knowledge Dhs.16,20,292,555; VbhA.115.pajjotassa nibbānaṃ the extinguishing of the lamp D.II,157; S.I,159; A.IV,3.(Page 387),7,1
  8521. 328936,en,15,pajjunna,pajjunna,Pajjunna,Pajjunna,[Ved.parjanya,for etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under quercus &#38; spargo] rain-cloud J.I,332 (p.vuccati megho); IV,253.Otherwise only as Np.of the Rain God D.II,260; S.I,29; J.I,331.(Page 387),8,1
  8522. 328957,en,15,paka,pāka,Pāka,Pāka,[Vedic pāka,see pacati] that which is cooked,cooking,quantity cooked J.VI,161 (tīhi pākehi pacitvā); VvA.186.Esp.in foll.comb<sup>n</sup> tela° “oil cooking,” an oil decoction Vin.II,105; thāli° a th.full of cooking J.I,186; doṇa° a d.full S.I,81; DhA.II,8; sosāna° Dhātumañjūsā 132 (under kaṭh).On pāka in appl<sup>d</sup> meaning of “effect,result” see Cpd.88<sup>3</sup>.-- As nt.in stanza “pākaṃ pākassa paccayo; apākaṃ avipākassa” at VbhA.175.-- Cp.vi°.<br><br> --tela an oil concoction or mixture,used for rubbing the body; usually given with its price worth 100 or 1,000 pieces,e.g.sata° J.II,397; V,376; VvA.68= DhA.III,311; sahassa° J.III,372.--vaṭṭa subsistence,livelihood,maintenance Mhvs 35,120; DhA.II,29; VvA.220.--haṃsa a species of water bird J.V,356; VI,539; SnA 277.(Page 449),4,1
  8523. 328973,en,15,pakampana,pakampana,Pakampana,Pakampana,see pakappanā.(Page 379),9,1
  8524. 328986,en,15,pakampati,pakampati,Pakampati,Pakampati,[pa+kampati.Cp.BSk.prakampati Jtm 220; Mvyutp.151=kampati.] to shake,quake,tremble J.I,47 (v.269); PvA.199.-- Caus.<i>pakampeti</i> S.I,107.(Page 379),9,1
  8525. 329009,en,15,pakampita,pakampita,Pakampita,Pakampita,[pp.of pa+<em>kamp</em>] shaken,trembling S.I,133= Th.2,200.(Page 379),9,1
  8526. 329027,en,15,pakappana,pakappanā,Pakappanā,Pakappanā,(f.) [fr.pakappeti] fixing one’s attention on,planning,designing,scheme,arrangement Sn.945 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 72 186,where two pakappanā’s,viz.taṇhā° &#38; diṭṭhi°; at Nd<sup>1</sup> 429 it is synonymous with taṇhā; Bdhgh has reading pakampana for °kapp° and expl<sup>d</sup> by kampa-karaṇa SnA 568).(Page 379),9,1
  8527. 329054,en,15,pakappeti,pakappeṭi,Pakappeṭi,Pakappeṭi,[pra+Caus.of <em>kḷp</em>,cp.Ved.prakalpayitar] to arrange,fix,settle,prepare,determine,plan S.II,65 (ceteti p.anuseti); Sn.886 (pakappayitvā=takkayitvā vitakkayitvā saṅkappayitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 295).-- pp.<i>pakappita</i> (q.v.).(Page 379),9,1
  8528. 329077,en,15,pakappita,pakappita,Pakappita,Pakappita,[pp.of pakappeti] arranged,planned,attended to,designed,made Sn.648 (=kata SnA 471).784,786 (diṭṭhi “prejudiced view” Fausböll; cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 72 and pakappanā),802,838 (=kappita abhisaṅkhata saṇṭhapita Nd<sup>1</sup> 186),902,910.(Page 379),9,1
  8529. 329095,en,15,pakara,pakāra,Pakāra,Pakāra,[pa+<em>kṛ,</em> cp.last; but Sk.prakāra “similarity”] 1.make-up,getting up,fixing,arrangement,preparation,mode,way,manner J.II,222; DA.I,132; PvA.26,109,123,135,178,199; Sdhp.94,466.-- 2.ingredient,flavour,way of making (a food) tasty Sn.241 (kathappakāro tava āmagandho); Miln.63.-- 3.(-°) of a kind,by way of,in <i>nānā°</i> (adj.) various,manifold J.I,52 (sakuṇā),278 (phalāni); PvA.50; <i>vutta°</i> as said,the said Vism.42,44; PvA.136.(Page 379),6,1
  8530. 329105,en,15,pakara,pākāra,Pākāra,Pākāra,[cp.Epic Sk.prākāra,pa+ā+<em>kṛ</em>] an encircling wall,put up for obstruction and protection,a fence,rampart Vin.II,121 (3 kinds:made of bricks,of stone,or of wood,viz.iṭṭhakā°,silā,dāru°); IV,266 (id.); M.III,11; S.IV,194 (°toraṇa); A.IV,107; V,195; J.I,63; II,50; VI,330 (mahā°),341 (+parikhā &#38; aṭṭāla); Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup> (ayo°); Miln.1; Vism.394 (=parikkhepa-pākāra); DhA.III,441 (tiṇṇaṃ pākārānaṃ antare); PvA.24,52; sāṇi° screen-fencing J.II,88; PvA.283.<br><br> --iṭṭhakā brick or tile of a wall J.III,446 (T.iṭṭhikā).--parikkhitta surrounded by a wall DA.I,42.--parikkhepa a fencing Vism.74.(Page 449),6,1
  8531. 329122,en,15,pakaraka,pakāraka,Pakāraka,Pakāraka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.pakāra] of that kind S.II,81; J.VI,259.(Page 379),8,1
  8532. 329130,en,15,pakarana,pakaraṇa,Pakaraṇa,Pakaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>kṛ</em>] 1.performance,undertaking paragraph (of the law) D.I,98 (“offence”? see Dial.I.120); S.III,91; Miln.189.-- 2.occasion Vin.I,44; II,75; III,20.-- 3.exposition,arrangement,literary work,composition,book; usually in titles only,viz.Abhidhamma° J.I,312; Dpvs.V,37; Kathāvatthu° Paṭṭhāna° Miln.12; Netti° one of the Canonical books (see netti).(Page 379),8,1
  8533. 329242,en,15,pakareti,pakāreti,Pakāreti,Pakāreti,[denom.fr.pakāra] to direct one’s thought towards (Dat.) J.VI,307.(Page 379),8,1
  8534. 329253,en,15,pakaroti,pakaroti,Pakaroti,Pakaroti,[pa+<em>kṛ,</em>Ved.prakaroti] to effect,perform,prepare,make,do S.I,24 (pakubbati); Sn.254 (id.),781,790 (ppr.med.pakubbamāna; cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 65); It.21 (puññaṃ); SnA 169 (pakurute,corresponding with sevati).-- pp.<i>pakata</i> (q.v.).(Page 379),8,1
  8535. 329285,en,15,pakasana,pakāsana,Pakāsana,Pakāsana,(nt.) [pa+<em>kāś</em>,cp.pakāsati] explaining,making known; information,evidence,explanation,publicity Ps.I,104 (dhamma°); Miln.95; SnA 445; PvA.2,50,103 (expl<sup>n</sup> of āvi).(Page 379),8,1
  8536. 329346,en,15,pakasati,pakāsati,Pakāsati,Pakāsati,[pa+<em>kāś</em>] to shine forth,to be visible,to become known Sn.445,1032 (=bhāsati tapati virocati Nd<sup>2</sup> 373).-- Caus.<i>pakāseti</i> to show up,illustrate,explain,make known,give information about Vin.II,189; S.I,105; It.111 (brahmacariyaṃ); Dh.304; Sn.578,1021; Pug.57; J.VI,281 (atthaṃ to explain the meaning or matter); DhA.II,11 (id.); PvA.1,12 (ānisaṃsaṃ) 29 (atthaṃ upamāhi),32 (attānaṃ),40 (adhippāyaṃ),42 (saccāni) 72 etc.-- grd.<i>pakāsaniya</i> to be made known or announced in <i>°kamma</i> explanation,information,annunciation Vin.II,189 (cp.Vin.Texts III,239).-- pp.<i>pakāsita</i> (q.v.).(Page 379),8,1
  8537. 329460,en,15,pakasita,pakāsita,Pakāsita,Pakāsita,[pp.of pakāseti] explained,manifested,made known S.I,161,171 sq.; II,107 (su°); PvA.53,63.(Page 379),8,1
  8538. 329476,en,15,pakasiya,pākāsiya,Pākāsiya,Pākāsiya,(adj.) [fr.pa+ā+<em>kāś</em>,cp.pakāsati &#38; Class.Sk.prākāśya] evident,manifest,open,clear J.VI,230 (opp.guyha; C.pākāsika).(Page 449),8,1
  8539. 329496,en,15,pakata,pakata,Pakata,Pakata,[pp.of pa+<i>kṛ</i>] done,made; as --° by nature (cp.pakati) Sn.286; J.IV,38; Pv.I,6<sup>8</sup>; II,3<sup>16</sup>; III,10<sup>5</sup> (pāpaṃ= samācaritaṃ PvA.214); Miln.218; DhA.II,11 (pāpaṃ); PvA.31,35,103 (ṭ),124.-- icchāpakata covetous by nature A.III,119,219 sq.; Pug.69; Vism.24 (here however taken by Bdhgh as “icchāya apakata” or “upadduta”); issāpakata envious by nature S.II,260; PvA.46,cp.macchariyā pakata afflicted with selfishness PvA.124.On pakata at It.89 see apakata.--<i>pakatatta</i> (pakata+ attan) natural,of a natural self,of good behaviour,incorrupt,“integer” Vin.II,6,33,204; J.I,236 (bhikkhu,+sīlavā,etc.).At Vin.II,32 the <i>pakatatta bhikkhu</i> as the regular,ordained monk is contrasted with the pārivāsika bh.or probationer.(Page 379),6,1
  8540. 329507,en,15,pakata,pākata,Pākata,Pākata,(adj.) [=pakata; on ā for a see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 33<sup>1</sup>.Cp.Sk.prakaṭa Halāyudha.The spelling is sometimes pākaṭa] 1.common,vulgar,uncontrolled,in phrase pākat-indriya of uncontrolled mind S.I,61 (=saṃvarâbhāvena gihikāle viya vivaṭa-indriya K.S.320),204; III,93; V,269; A.I,70,266,280; III,355,391; Th.1,109 (C.asaṃvuta,see Brethren 99); Pug.35.-- At Miln.251 pākatā is to be read pāpakā.-- 2.open,common,unconcealed J.I,262 (pākaṭo jāto was found out); SnA.343; PvA.103 (for āvi).-- 3.commonly known,familiar Vism.279; PvA.17 (devā),23,78 (su°),128; VvA.109 (+paññāta); °ṃ karoti to make manifest Vism.287; °bhāva being known DhsA.243; PvA.103.-- 4.renowned,well-known DA.I,143; PvA.107.(Page 449),6,1
  8541. 329571,en,15,pakati,pakati,Pakati,Pakati,(f.) [cp.Ved.prakṛti] 1.original or natural form,natural state or condition (lit.make-up); as °-:primary,original,real Vin.I.189; II,113; J.I,146 (°vesena in her usual dress); KhA 173 (°kammakara,°jeṭṭhaputta); VvA.12 (°pabhassara),109 (°bhaddatā).-- Instr.<i>pakatiyā</i> by nature,ordinarily,as usual Ps.II,208; VvA.78; PvA.215,263.-- 2.occasion,happening,opportunity,(common) occurrence D.I,168 (trsl.“common saying”); Pv.II,8<sup>9</sup> (=°pavutti PvA.110).-- Der.pakatika &#38; pākatika.<br><br> <i>--upanissaya</i> sufficing condition in nature:see Cpd.194 n.3.-- <i>gamana</i> natural or usual walk DhA I 389.<i>--citta</i> ordinary or normal consciousness Kvu 615 (cp.Kvu trsl.359 n.5,and BSk.prakṛti-nirvāṇatva Bodhicary.at Poussin 256).<i>--yānaka</i> ordinary vehicle DhA.I,391.<i>--sīla</i> natural or proper virtue DA.I,290.(Page 379),6,1
  8542. 329755,en,15,pakatika,pakatika,Pakatika,Pakatika,(adj.) [fr.pakati] being by nature,of a certain nature J.II,30; Miln.220; DA.I,198; PvA.242 (=rūpa); DhsA.404.(Page 379),8,1
  8543. 329764,en,15,pakatika,pākatika,Pākatika,Pākatika,(adj.) [fr.pakati,cp.BSk.prākṛtaka (loka) Bodhicaryâvatāra v.3,ed.Poussin] natural,in its original or natural state J.V,274; Miln.218 (maṇiratana); DhA.I,20; VvA.288; PvA.66 (where id.p.J.III,167 reads paṭipākatika),206; pākatikaṃ karoti to restore to its former condition,to repair,rebuild J.I,354,also fig.to restore a dismissed officer,to reinstate J.V,134.(Page 449),8,1
  8544. 330160,en,15,pakatthaka,pakaṭṭhaka,Pakaṭṭhaka,Pakaṭṭhaka,[pa+kaṭṭha+ka; kaṭṭha pp.of <em>kṛṣ</em>,cp.Sk.prakarṣaka of same root in same meaning,but cp.also kaṭṭha<sup>2</sup>] (adj.) troublesome,annoying; (m.) a troubler,worrier S.I,174 (v.l.pagaṇḍaka; C.rasagiddha; trsl.“pertinacious”).(Page 379),10,1
  8545. 330171,en,15,pakattheti,pakattheti,Pakattheti,Pakattheti,[pa+kattheti] talk out against,denounce J.V,7 (mā °katthāsi; C.akkosi garahi nindi; gloss paccakkhāsi).Should it be ‘pakaḍḍhāsi? (Page 379),10,1
  8546. 330174,en,15,pakatthita,pakaṭṭhita,Pakaṭṭhita,Pakaṭṭhita,see pakk°.(Page 379),10,1
  8547. 330203,en,15,pakhuma,pakhuma,Pakhuma,Pakhuma,[Ved.pakṣman,diaeretic form for the contracted form pamha,the latter prepondering in poetry,while pakhuma is mostly found in prose.Similar doublets are sukhuma &#38; saṇha; as regards etym.cp.Av.pasnem eyelid,Gr.pέktw to comb,pόkos fleece,Lat.pecto to comb,pecten comb,Ohg.fahs hair] an eyelash,unsally as adj.:having eyelashes (-°) D.II,18 (go°); S.I,132 (°antarikāyaṃ between the lashes); J.V,216 (visāla° for alārapamha T.); ThA.255 (dīgha° for āyatapamha Th.2,383); VvA.162,279.(Page 381),7,1
  8548. 330213,en,15,pakiledeti,pakiledeti,Pakiledeti,Pakiledeti,[Caus of pa+<em>kliś</em>,cp.kelideti] to make wet,moisten (with hot water) J.VI,109 (=temetvā khipati C.).(Page 380),10,1
  8549. 330227,en,15,pakinati,pakiṇāti,Pakiṇāti,Pakiṇāti,[pa+kiṇāti] to deal in Vin.II,267 (grd.°kiṇitabba).(Page 379),8,1
  8550. 330242,en,15,pakinnaka,pakiṇṇaka,Pakiṇṇaka,Pakiṇṇaka,(adj.) [pa+kiṇṇa (pp.of kirati)+ka] scattered about; fig.miscellaneous,particular,opp.to sādhāraṇa KhA 74; cp.Cpd.13,95<sup>2</sup>; Vism.175 (°kathā); 317 sq.(id.).-- As Np.name of the xiv<sup>th</sup> book of the Jātakas.(Page 379),9,1
  8551. 330304,en,15,pakirati,pakirati,Pakirati,Pakirati,[pa+kirati] 1.to let down (the hair),scatter,let fall D.II,139=148 (ger.pakiriya); J.V,203 (so read for parikati); VI,207 (aor °kiriṃsu).-- ger.<i>pakira</i> (=pakiritvā) J.VI,100 (read pakira-cārī,cp.C.on p.102),198 (read p.--parī).-- Caus.<i>pakireti</i> 1.to throw down,upset Vin.IV,308 (thūpaṃ); S.I,100; It.90 (v.l.kīrati).-- 2.to scatter S.I,100=It.66; Pug.23.-- pp.<i>pakiṇṇa</i> (see °ka).(Page 379),8,1
  8552. 330376,en,15,pakitteti,pakitteti,Pakitteti,Pakitteti,[pa+kitteti] to proclaim J.I,17 (v.85).(Page 379),9,1
  8553. 330400,en,15,pakka,pakka,Pakka,Pakka,(adj.) [Ved.pakva,a pp.formation of <em>pac</em> to cook,Idg.*peqǔo=Lat.coquo “cook,” Av.pac-,Obulg.pekaͅ,Lith.kepû,Gr.pέssw,a)rtokόpos baker,pέpwn ripe; also pp.of pacati pakta=Gr.peptόs,Lat.coctus] 1.ripe (opp.āma raw,as Vedic,; and apakka) and also “cooked,boiled,baked” S.I,97 (opp.āmaka); IV,324 (°bhikkhā); Sn.576; J.V,286.-- nt.<i>pakkaṃ</i> that which is ripe,i.e.a fruit,ripe fruit Pug.44,45; often in connection with amba° i.e.a (ripe) mango fruit J.II,104,394; Pv IV.12<sup>3</sup>; DhA.III,207; PvA.187.-- apakka unripe PugA 225; Sdhp.102.-- 2.ripe for destruction,overripe,decaying,in phrase <i>°gatta</i> (adj.) having a decaying body,with putrid body [BSk.pakvagātra Divy 82],comb<sup>d</sup> with arugatta at M.I,506; S.IV,198; Miln.357 (cp.Miln.trsl.II.262),395.-- 3.heated,glowing Dpvs.I,62.<br><br> <i>--āsaya</i> receptacle for digested food,i.e.the abdomen (opp.āmāsaya) Vism.260,358; KhA 59.<i>--odana</i> (adj.) having cooked one’s rice Sn.18 (=siddhabhatta SnA 27),cp.J.III,425.<i>--jjhāna</i> “guessing at ripeness,” i.e.foretelling the number of years a man has yet to live; in list of forbidden crafts at D.I,9,expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,94 as “paripāka-gata-cintā.” <i>--pakka</i> ripe fruit KhA 59.<i>--pūva</i> baked cake J.III,10.<i>--vaṇṇin</i> of ripe appearance Pug.44,45,cp.PugA 225.<i>--sadisa</i> ripe-like,appearing ripe PugA 225.(Page 380),5,1
  8554. 330470,en,15,pakkama,pakkama,Pakkama,Pakkama,[fr.pa+<em>kram</em>] going to,undertaking,beginning D.I,168 (tapo°; trsl.“all kinds of penance”).(Page 380),7,1
  8555. 330532,en,15,pakkamati,pakkamati,Pakkamati,Pakkamati,[Ved.prakramati,pra+<em>kram</em>] 1.to step forward,set out,go on,go away,go forth M.I,105; Pug.58; DA.I,94; PvA.13.-- pret.3 sg.<i>pakkāmi</i> S.I,92,120; Sn.pp.93,124; PvA.5 (uṭṭhāy’āsanā),19 (id.); 3rd pl.<i>pakkamuṃ</i> Sn.1010,and <i>pakkamiṃsu</i> S.I,199.-- pp.<i>pakkanta</i> (q.v.).-- 2.to go beyond (in archery),to overshoot the mark,miss the aim Miln.250.(Page 380),9,1
  8556. 330620,en,15,pakkandati,pakkandati,Pakkandati,Pakkandati,[Ved.prakrandati,pra+<em>krand</em>] to cry out,shout out,wail Sn.310 (3rd pret.<i>pakkanduṃ</i>) J.VI,55 (id.),188 (id.),301 (id.).(Page 380),10,1
  8557. 330639,en,15,pakkanta,pakkanta,Pakkanta,Pakkanta,[pp.of pakkamati] gone,gone away,departed S.I,153; Sn.p.124; J.I,202 (spelt kkh); PvA.78.(Page 380),8,1
  8558. 330724,en,15,pakkathati,pakkaṭhati,Pakkaṭhati,Pakkaṭhati,[pa+kaṭhati of <i>kvath</i>] to cook,boil up; only in Caus.II.<i>pakkaṭṭhāpeti</i> (with unexpl<sup>d</sup> ṭṭh for ṭh) to cause to be boiled up J.I,472 (v.l.pakkuṭṭh°,cp.J.P.T.S.1884,84).-- pp.<i>pakkaṭhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 380),10,1
  8559. 330729,en,15,pakkathita,pakkaṭhita,Pakkaṭhita,Pakkaṭhita,(pakkuthita) [also spelt with ṭṭh instead of ṭh or th,perhaps through popular etym.pakka+ṭṭhita for pa+kaṭhita.To <em>kvath</em>,P.kuthati &#38; kaṭhati,appearing in pp.as kaṭhita,kuthita,kaṭṭhita and kuṭṭhita,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 42] cooked up,boiled,boiling hot,hot Thūpavaṃsa 48<sup>33</sup>; J.V,268 (pakaṭṭh° vv.ll.pakkudh° &#38; jakaṅkaṭhi); VI,112 (°kaṭṭh°),114 (id.; v.l.BB °kuṭhita); DhA.I,126 (kaṭṭh°,v.l.pakkanta),179 (kaṭṭh°,v.l.pakuṭṭh°); II,5 (kaṭṭh°,vv.ll.pakuṭṭh° &#38; pakkuth°); III,310 (1<sup>st</sup> passage kaṭṭh°,v.l.pakuṭṭh°,pakkuṭṭh°,pakkuthita;=pakkuṭṭhita at id.p.VvA.67; in 2<sup>nd</sup> passage kaṭṭh°,v.l.pakuṭṭh° &#38; pakkuthita,left out at id.p.VvA.68); ThA.292 (pakkuthita).(Page 380),10,1
  8560. 330738,en,15,pakkatthi,pakkaṭṭhī,Pakkaṭṭhī,Pakkaṭṭhī,(f.) [fr.pa+<em>kvat</em>,evidently as abstr.to pakkaṭṭhita; reading uncertain] a boiling (-hot) mixture (of oil?) M.I,87,expl<sup>d</sup> by C.as katita- (=kaṭh°) gomaya,boiling cow-dung,v.l.<i>chakaṇakā</i> see p.537.The id.p.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 199 reads chakaṇaṭī,evidently a bona fide reading.The interpretation as “cow-dung” is more likely than “boiling oil.” (Page 380),9,1
  8561. 330745,en,15,pakkava,pakkava,Pakkava,Pakkava,[etym.?] a kind of medicinal plant Vin.I,201 (cp.paggava).(Page 380),7,1
  8562. 330772,en,15,pakkha,pakkha,Pakkha,Pakkha,<sup>3</sup> [cp.Sk.phakka (?)] a cripple.Cp III,6,10; J.VI,12 (=pīṭha-sappī C.).Note BSk.phakka is enum<sup>d</sup> at Mvyut.271<sup>120</sup> with jātyaṇḍa,kuṇḍa &#38; paṅgu,reminding of the comb<sup>n</sup> kāṇo vā kuṇi vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā Vin.II,90=S.I,94=A.II,85; III,385.=Pug.51.<i>Pakkhaka (</i>&<i> °ika)</i> (nt.?) [fr.pakkha<sup>1</sup>] a dress made of wings or feathers,in cpd.ulūka° of owl’s wings (see ulūka°) Vin.III,34 (°ṃ nivāsetvā); A.II,206 ≈ (°ika).(Page 380),6,1
  8563. 330773,en,15,pakkha,pakkha,Pakkha,Pakkha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [cp.Ved.prakhya clear, &#38; Sk.(-°) prakhya like,of pra+<i>khyā</i>] visible,clear; --° resembling,like Miln.75 (mātu° and pitu°).(Page 380),6,1
  8564. 330774,en,15,pakkha,pakkha,Pakkha,Pakkha,<sup>1</sup> [Ved.pakṣa in meanings 1 and 3; to Lat.pectus,see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.] 1.side of the body,flank,wing,feathers (cp.pakkhin),in cpds.<i>°biḷāla</i> a flying fox (sort of bat) Bdhgh on ulūka-camma at Vin.I,186 (MV.V,2,4; cp.Vin.Texts II.16 where read ulūka° for lūka?); J.VI,538; and <i>°hata</i> one who is struck on (one) side,i.e.paralysed on one side,a cripple (cp.Sk.pakṣāghāta) Vin.II,90; M.III,169; A.III,385; Pug.51 (=hatapakkho pīṭhasappi PugA 227); Miln.245,276 (cp.Miln.trsl.II.62,117) -- also as wing of a house at DhsA.107; and wing of a bird at S.II,231; SnA 465 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of pakkhin).-- 2.side,party,faction; adj (-°) associated with,a partisan,adherent Vin.II,299; Sn.347 (aññāṇa°),967 (kaṇhassa p.=Māra° etc.,see Nd<sup>1</sup> 489; Nett 53 (taṇhā° &#38; diṭṭhi°) 88 (id.),160 (id.); DA.I,281; DhA.I,54; PvA.114 (paṭiloma°).pakkhasaṅkanta gone over to a (schismatic) faction Vin.I,60; IV,230,313.-- pakkhaṃ dāpeti to give a side,to adhere to (Loc.) J.I,343.-- 3.one half of the (lunar) month,a fortnight.The light or moon-lit fortnight is called sukka-pakkha (or juṇha°),the dark or moonless one kāḷa° (or kaṇha°) M.I,20 (cātuddasī pañcadasī aṭṭhamī ca pakkhassa 14<sup>th</sup>,15<sup>th</sup> &#38; 8<sup>th</sup> day of the fortnight) ≈ Sn.402; A.I,142 (aṭṭhamī pakkhassa),144=Vv 15<sup>6</sup> (cātuddasī etc.; cp.VvA.71):A.V,123 sq.(kāḷa°,juṇha°); Th.2,423 (=aḍḍhamāsa-mattaṃ ThA.269); Pv.II,95<sup>5</sup> (bahumāse ca pakkhe ca=kaṇha-sukka-bheda p.PvA.135); Vism.101 (dasâhaṃ vā pakkhaṃ vā); VvA.314 (sukka°); PvA.55 (kāḷa°).-- 4.alternative,statement,Loc.pakkhe (-°) with regard or reference to KhA 80 (tassa pañhassa vyākaraṇapakkhe); SnA 168 (id.).(Page 380),6,1
  8565. 330861,en,15,pakkhalati,pakkhalati,Pakkhalati,Pakkhalati,<sup>2</sup> [pa+khalati,of <em>skhal</em>] to stumble,trip,stagger J.III,433; VI,332; DA.I,37; DhsA.334.(Page 381),10,1
  8566. 330862,en,15,pakkhalati,pakkhalati,Pakkhalati,Pakkhalati,<sup>1</sup> [pa+<em>kṣal</em>] to wash,cleanse J.V,71 (ger.pakkhalya=dhovitvā C.p.74).Caus.<i>pakkhāleti</i> (q.v.).(Page 381),10,1
  8567. 330890,en,15,pakkhaleti,pakkhāleti,Pakkhāleti,Pakkhāleti,[Caus.of pa+<em>ksal</em>,cp.khaleti] to wash,cleanse Vin.I,9 (pāde); D.II,85 (id.); M.I,205; S.I,107; J.VI,24 (pāde); VvA.261.(Page 381),10,1
  8568. 330946,en,15,pakkhandaka,pakkhandaka,Pakkhandaka,Pakkhandaka,(adj.)=pakkhandin SnA 164.-- f.<i>pakkhandikā</i> [Ved.(?) praskandikā,BR.without refs.] diarrhœa,dysentery D.II,127 (lohita°); J.III,143; V,441 (lohita°); Miln.134.(Page 381),11,1
  8569. 330959,en,15,pakkhandana,pakkhandana,Pakkhandana,Pakkhandana,(nt.) [fr.pakkhandati] 1.leaping,springing J.II,32; Ps.1.194 (pariccāga- &#38; pakkh°- nissagga).‹-› 2.attack,assault,chasing DhA.I,198.(Page 381),11,1
  8570. 331028,en,15,pakkhandati,pakkhandati,Pakkhandati,Pakkhandati,[pa+khandati,of <i>skand</i>] to spring forward,to jump on to M.I,86; J.I,461; Vv 84<sup>12</sup> (ger.pakkhandiyāna=pakkhanditvā anupavisitvā VvA.338); to be after someone in pursuit DhA.I,198; usually fig.to rejoice in,find pleasure or satisfaction in (Loc.),to take to,in phrases <i>cittaṃ pakkhandati pasīdati santiṭṭhati</i> M.I,186; S.III,133; cp.Miln.326 (nibbāne); A.II,165; III,245 (avyāpāde); IV,442 (adukkha-m-asukhe); It.43 (dhamme); and <i>na me tattha mānasaṃ</i> p.Miln.135.‹-› pp.<i>pakkhanna</i> (q.v.).(Page 381),11,1
  8571. 331070,en,15,pakkhandin,pakkhandin,Pakkhandin,Pakkhandin,(adj.n.) [fr.pakkhandati] 1.(adj.) bold,braggart,lit.jumping on or forth Dh.244; Sn.89 (=pakkhandaka SnA 164).-- 2.a military scout,lit.an onrusher,a bravo D.I,51 (cp.Dial.I.68); DA.I,157; J.II,32,281.(Page 381),10,1
  8572. 331089,en,15,pakkhanna,pakkhanna,Pakkhanna,Pakkhanna,[pp.of pakkhandati; often wrongly spelt pakkhanta] jumped on,fallen on to or into,chanced upon,acquired M.I,39; Th.1,342 (diṭṭhigahanā°); J.V,471; Miln.144 (saṃsaya°),156,390 (kupatha°).(Page 381),9,1
  8573. 331093,en,15,pakkhanta,pakkhanta,Pakkhanta,Pakkhanta,at DA.I,38 read as <i>pakkanta</i>.(Page 381),9,1
  8574. 331202,en,15,pakkhara,pakkhara,Pakkhara,Pakkhara,[cp.Sk.prakṣara &#38; prakhara “ein Panzer für Pferde” BR.] bordering,trimming J.VI,223 (of a carriage).(Page 381),8,1
  8575. 331225,en,15,pakkhatta,pakkhatta,Pakkhatta,Pakkhatta,(nt.) [fr.pakkha<sup>1</sup>] being a partner of,siding in with Vism.129,130.(Page 381),9,1
  8576. 331266,en,15,pakkhayati,pakkhāyati,Pakkhāyati,Pakkhāyati,[pa+<em>khyā</em>,Ved.prakhyāyate; cp.khāyati &#38; pakkha<sup>2</sup>] to appear,shine forth,to be clearly visible D.II,99 (cp.Th.1,1034,where pakkhanti for pakkhāyanti metri causâ); M.II,32; S.IV,144; V,153,162; A.III,69 sq.(Page 381),10,1
  8577. 331281,en,15,pakkhepa,pakkhepa,Pakkhepa,Pakkhepa,(m.) &#38; <i>°na</i> (nt.) [fr.pa+ <em>kṣip</em>] throwing,hurling; being thrown into (Loc.) PvA.221 (lohakumbhi° in passage of ordeals in Niraya); DhA.I,357 (nadiyaṃ visa-pakkhepana).(Page 381),8,1
  8578. 331340,en,15,pakkhika,pakkhika,Pakkhika,Pakkhika,(adj.) [for pakkhiya=Ved.pakṣya of pakkha<sup>1</sup> 3] 1.belonging or referring to the (2) lunar fortnights,fortnightly,for a fortnight or in the (specified) fortnight of the month (cp.Vin.Texts III,220).As one special provision of food mentioned in enum<sup>n</sup> of five bhojanāni,viz.niccabhatta,salākabhatta,pakkhika,uposathika,pāṭipadika,Vin.I,58=II.175; IV,75; J.II,210; Vism.66.-- 2.(cp.pakkha 2 &#38; pakkhin 2) contributing to,leading to,associated with,siding with (-°) Vism.130,in phrase vighāta° anibbāna-saṃvattanika associated with destruction,etc.M.I,115; DhsA.382.Also in mūga° leading to deafness J.I,45 (V.254).‹-› DhA.I,82 (paramattha-sacca°).(Page 381),8,1
  8579. 331354,en,15,pakkhima,pakkhima,Pakkhima,Pakkhima,[=pakkhin] a bird Th.1,139 (read °me for °maṃ); J.V,339.(Page 381),8,1
  8580. 331361,en,15,pakkhin,pakkhin,Pakkhin,Pakkhin,(adj.n.) [fr.pakkha<sup>1</sup>=pakkhānaṃ atthitāya pakkhī ti vuccati SnA 465; Ved.pakṣin bird] 1.winged,the winged one,a bird D.I,71 (+sakuṇa=pakkhayutto sakuṇo DA.I,208)=A.II,209=V.206=Pug.58,S.II,231; Sn.606 (=sakuṇo SnA 465); Pv III,5<sup>3</sup> (°gaṇā =sakuṇagaṇā PvA.198).-- 2.(cp.pakkha 2) participating in,contributing to S.V,97 (vighāta° for the usual °pakkhika).(Page 381),7,1
  8581. 331416,en,15,pakkhipati,pakkhipati,Pakkhipati,Pakkhipati,[pa+ <em>kṣip</em>,in sense of putting down carefully cp.nikkhipati &#38; BSk.prakṣipati to start a ship Divy 334] 1.to put down into (with Loc.of receptacle),place into,enclose in (often used for ceremony of putting a corpse into a shell or mount) D.II,162 (tela-doṇiyā Bhagavato sarīraṃ p.); S.II,85; J.II,210 (mukhe); Miln.247 (Amat’osadhaṃ); PvA.41 (atthikāni thūpe p.); DhA.I,71 (the corpse into the fire).-- 2.to throw into,hurl into,in Niraya-passage at M.III,183=A.I,141= Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III</SUP>; cp.nikkhipati.-- 3.(fig.) to include in,insert,arrange,interpolate Miln.13 (Abhidhammapiṭakaṃ kusalā dhammā,akusalā dh.,avyākatā dh.ti tīsu padesu p.).-- Caus.II.pakkhipāpeti J.I,467; DA.I,136.-- pp.pakkhitta (q.v.).(Page 381),10,1
  8582. 331490,en,15,pakkhitta,pakkhitta,Pakkhitta,Pakkhitta,[pp.of pakkhipati] put down into,thrown into (Loc.) Sn.p.15 (pāyāso udake p.); PvA.58 (ātave p.naḷo is perhaps better read ātāpe paditto),153 (pokkharaṇiyaṃ p.).(Page 381),9,1
  8583. 331604,en,15,pakkhiya,pakkhiya,Pakkhiya,Pakkhiya,(adj.n.) [fr.pakkha<sup>1</sup> 2; cp.pakkhikā] siding with,associating with; m.part,side; only in phrase (satta-tiṃsa-) bodhi-pakkhiya-dhammā the 37 parts of enlightenment It.75 (satta only); J.I,275; Vism.678 sq.; SnA 164; VvA.95; see Cpd.179 and note 1.‹-› pakkhiya at Th.2,425 is not clear (expl<sup>d</sup> at ThA.269 by vaccha,v.l.sacca).(Page 381),8,1
  8584. 331677,en,15,pakkosati,pakkosati,Pakkosati,Pakkosati,[pa+kosati,<em>kruś</em>] to call,summon J.I,50; II,69,252 (=avheti); V,297; VI,420; DhA.I,50; PvA.81 (v.l.°āpeti).-- Caus.II.pakkosāpeti to call,send for,order to come J.I,207; PvA.141,153; DhA.I,185.(Page 380),9,1
  8585. 331709,en,15,pakkula,pakkula,Pakkula,Pakkula,see <i>pākula</i>.(Page 380),7,1
  8586. 331756,en,15,pakopa,pakopa,Pakopa,Pakopa,[pa+kopa] agitation,effervescence,anger,fury Dhs.1060; Vism.235,236.(Page 380),6,1
  8587. 331767,en,15,pakopana,pakopana,Pakopana,Pakopana,(adj.) [pa+kopana,of <em>kup</em>] shaking,upsetting,making turbulent It.84 (moho citta-pakopano).(Page 380),8,1
  8588. 331793,en,15,pakubb°,pakubb°,Pakubb°,Pakubb°,see <i>pakaroti</i>.(Page 380),7,1
  8589. 331831,en,15,pakujin,pakūjin,Pakūjin,Pakūjin,(adj.) [pa+<em>kūj</em>] to sing out to (each other) (aññamaññaṃ) J.VI,538.(Page 380),7,1
  8590. 331835,en,15,pakujjhati,pakujjhati,Pakujjhati,Pakujjhati,[pa+<em>krudh</em>] to be angry S.I,221,223 (°eyyaṃ).(Page 380),10,1
  8591. 331842,en,15,pakula,pākula,Pākula,Pākula,(adj.) [pa+ākula] read at Ud.5 in comb<sup>n</sup> akkulapakkula (=ākula-pākula) “in great confusion”; read also in gāthā 7 pākula for bakkula.Cp.Morris,J.P.T.S.1886,94 sq.(Page 449),6,1
  8592. 331852,en,15,pakuppati,pakuppati,Pakuppati,Pakuppati,[pa+<em>kup</em>] to be angry J.IV,241.(Page 380),9,1
  8593. 331864,en,15,pakuta,pakuṭa,Pakuṭa,Pakuṭa,(?) [v.l.pakuṭṭa] an inner verandah Vin.II,153; cp.Vin.Texts III,175.-- Kern.Toev.s.v.expl<sup>d</sup> it as miswriting for <i>pakuṭṭha</i> (=Sk.prakoṣṭha an inner court in a building,Prk.paoṭṭha,cp.P.koṭṭha<sup>1</sup> &#38; koṭṭhaka<sup>1</sup>).Spelling pakulla at Nd<sup>2</sup> 485 B (for magga,v.l.makula).(Page 380),6,1
  8594. 331883,en,15,pala,pala,Pala,Pala,(-°) [classical Sk.pala] a certain weight (or measure),spelt also <i>phala</i> (see phala<sup>2</sup>),only in cpd.<i>sata°</i> a hundred (carat) in weight Th.1,97 (of kaṃsa); J.VI,510 (sataphala kaṃsa=phalasatena katā kañcana-pātī C.).Also in comb<sup>n</sup> catuppala -- tippala -- dvipala -- ekapala -- sāṭikā Vism.339.(Page 439),4,1
  8595. 331891,en,15,pala,pāla,Pāla,Pāla,(-°) [fr.pā,see pāleti] a guard,keeper,guardian,protector S.I,185 (vihāra°); J.V,222 (dhamma°); VvA.288 (ārāma°); Sdhp.285.See also go°,loka°.(Page 455),4,1
  8596. 331902,en,15,paladdha,paladdha,Paladdha,Paladdha,[pp.of pa+<em>labh</em>] taken over,“had,” overcome,deceived M.I,511 (nikata vañcita p.where v.l.and id.p.S.IV,307 however reads <i>paluddha</i>); J.III,260 (dava°= abhibhūta C.).(Page 439),8,1
  8597. 331910,en,15,palaganda,palagaṇḍa,Palagaṇḍa,Palagaṇḍa,[cp.Sk.palagaṇḍa Halāyudha II.436; BSk.palagaṇḍa AvŚ I.339; Aṣṭas.Pār.231; Avad.Kalp.II.113] a mason,bricklayer,plasterer M.I,119; S.III,154 (the reading phala° is authentic,see Geiger,P.G.§ 40); A.IV,127.(Page 439),9,1
  8598. 331914,en,15,palahati,palahati,Palahati,Palahati,[pa+lahati] to lick Pv III,5<sup>2</sup>=PvA.198.(Page 440),8,1
  8599. 331918,en,15,palaka,palaka,Palaka,Palaka,[cp.late Sk.pala,flesh,meat] a species of plant J.VI,564.(Page 439),6,1
  8600. 331920,en,15,palaka,pālaka,Pālaka,Pālaka,(-°) [fr.<em>pā</em>] a guardian,herdsman M.I,79; S.III,154; A.IV,127; J.III,444.(Page 455),6,1
  8601. 331932,en,15,palala,palāla,Palāla,Palāla,(m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Ved. &#38; Epic Sk.palāla] straw J.I,488; DhA.I,69.<br><br> --channaka a roof of thatch Th.1,208.--piṇḍa a bundle of straw Vism.257=KhA 56.--pīṭhaka “straw foot-stool,” a kind of punishment or torture M.I,87= A.II,122=Miln.197 (see Miln.trsl.I.277 “Straw Seat,” i.e.being so beaten with clubs,that the bones are broken,and the body becomes like a heap of straw); Nd<sup>1</sup> 154; Nd<sup>2</sup> 604; J.V,273.--puñja a heap of straw D.I,71; M.III,3; A.I,241; II,210; Pug.68; VbhA.367.--puñjaka same as puñja Miln.342.(Page 440),6,1
  8602. 331948,en,15,palalita,palaḷita,Palaḷita,Palaḷita,[pa+laḷita] led astray S.IV,197 (v.l.°lāḷita).At A.III,5 we read palāḷita,in phrase <i>kāmesu</i> p.(“sporting in pleasures”? Or should we read palolita?).(Page 440),8,1
  8603. 331952,en,15,palalita,palāḷita,Palāḷita,Palāḷita,see palaḷita.(Page 440),8,1
  8604. 331957,en,15,palambati,palambati,Palambati,Palambati,[pa+lambati] to hang down ThA.210; Sdhp.110.-- pp.<i>palambita</i> (q.v.).See also <i>abhi°</i>.(Page 440),9,1
  8605. 331961,en,15,palambheti,palambheti,Palambheti,Palambheti,[pa+lambheti] to deceive D.I,50,cp.DA.I,151.(Page 440),10,1
  8606. 331967,en,15,palambita,palambita,Palambita,Palambita,[pp.of palambati] hanging down Th.2,256,259; ThA.211.(Page 440),9,1
  8607. 331972,en,15,palana,pālana,Pālana,Pālana,(nt.) ( &#38; pālanā?) [fr.pāleti 2,to all likelihood for palāyana through *pālāna,with false analogy] moving,running,keeping going,living,in phrase vutti pālana yapana etc.at Vism.145; DhsA.149 167; also in defn of bhuñjati1 as “pālan’ajjhohāresu” by eating &#38; drinking for purposes of living,at Dhtp 379.As pālanā at the Dhs.passages of same context as above (see under yapana).(Page 455),6,1
  8608. 331977,en,15,palana,pālanā,Pālanā,Pālanā,(f.) [fr.pāleti cp.Ep.Sk.pālana nt.] guarding,keeping J.I,158; Dhs.19,82,295.(Page 455),6,1
  8609. 331991,en,15,palanduka,palaṇḍuka,Palaṇḍuka,Palaṇḍuka,[cp.Epic Sk.palāṇḍu,pala (white)+aṇḍu (=aṇḍa? egg)] an onion Vin.IV,259.(Page 439),9,1
  8610. 332003,en,15,palapa,palāpa,Palāpa,Palāpa,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic pralāpa,pa+<em>lap</em><i>;</i> taken by P.Com.as identical with palāpa<sup>1</sup>,their example followed by Trenckner,Notes 63,cp.also Miln.trsl.II.363 “chaff as frivolous talk”] prattling,prattle,nonsense; adj.talking idly,chaffing,idle,void M.III,80 (a°); S.I,166 (not palapaṃ),192=Th.1,1237; A.IV,169 (samaṇa° in allegory with yava° of palāpa<sup>1</sup>); Sn.89 (māyāvin asaṃyata palāpa=palāpa-sadisattā SnA 165),282= Miln.414 (here also expl<sup>d</sup> as palāpa<sup>1</sup> by SnA 312); VbhA.104.In phrase <i>tuccha palāpa</i> empty and void at Miln.5,10.(Page 440),6,1
  8611. 332004,en,15,palapa,palāpa,Palāpa,Palāpa,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic palāva,cp.Lat.palea,Russ pelëva; see also Geiger,P.Gr.§ 39<sup>6</sup>,where pralāva is to be corr.to palāva] chaff of corn,pollard A.IV,169 (yava°); J.I.467,468; IV,34; SnA 165 (in exegesis of palāpa<sup>2</sup>; v.l.BB palāsa),312 (id.); J.IV,34,35 (perhaps better to read kula-palāso &#38; palāsa-bhūta for palāpa).(Page 440),6,1
  8612. 332020,en,15,palapati,palapati,Palapati,Palapati,[pa+lapati] to talk nonsense J.II,322.Cp.vi°.(Page 440),8,1
  8613. 332032,en,15,palapeti,palāpeti,Palāpeti,Palāpeti,<sup>2</sup> [Caus.of pa+lap,cp.palāpa to which it may be referred as denom. ] to prattle,talk J.I,73,195.(Page 440),8,1
  8614. 332033,en,15,palapeti,palāpeti,Palāpeti,Palāpeti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of palāyati] to cause to run away,to put to flight,drive away J.II,433; DhA.I,164,192; III,206.(Page 440),8,1
  8615. 332047,en,15,palapin,palāpin,Palāpin,Palāpin,in apalāpin “not neglectful” see palāsin.(Page 440),7,1
  8616. 332063,en,15,palasa,palāsa,Palāsa,Palāsa,<sup>2</sup> &#38; (more commonly) Paḷāsa [according to Trenckner,Notes 83,from ras,but BSk.pradāśa points to pa+ dāśa=dāsa “enemy” this form evidently a Sanskritisation] unmercifulness,malice,spite.Its nearest synonym is yuga-ggāha (so Vbh.357; Pug.18,where yuddhaggāha is read; J.III,259; VvA.71); it is often comb<sup>d</sup> with macchera (Vv 15<sup>5</sup>) and makkha (Miln.289).‹-› M.I,15,36,488; A.I,79; J.II,198; Vbh.357; Pug.18 (+paḷāsāyanā,etc.).--apaḷāsa mercifulness M.I,44.(Page 440),6,1
  8617. 332064,en,15,palasa,palāsa,Palāsa,Palāsa,<sup>1</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [Vedic palāśa] 1.the tree Butea frondosa or Judas tree J.III,23 (in Palāsa Jātaka).-- 2.a leaf; collectively (nt.) foliage,pl.(nt.) leaves S.II,178; J.I,120 (nt.); III,210,344; PvA.63 (°antare; so read for pās’antare),113 (ghana°),191 (sāli°).puppha° blossoms &#38; leaves DhA.I,75; sākhā° branches &#38; leaves M.I,111; J.I,164; Miln.254; paṇḍu° a sear leaf Vin.I,96; III,47; IV,217; bahala° (adj.) thick with leaves J.I,57.--palāsāni (pl.) leaves J.III,185 (=palāsapaṇṇāni C.); PvA.192 (=bhūsāni).(Page 440),6,1
  8618. 332088,en,15,palasata,palasata,Palasata,Palasata,[according to Trenckner,Notes p.59,possibly fr.Sk.parasvant] a rhinoceros J.VI,277 (v.l.phalasata; expl<sup>d</sup> as “khagga-miga,” with gloss “balasata”); as <i>phalasata</i> at J.VI,454 (expl<sup>d</sup> as phalasata-camma C.).See palāsata.(Page 440),8,1
  8619. 332093,en,15,palasata,palāsata,Palāsata,Palāsata,[so read for palasata &#38; palasada; cp.Vedic parasvant given by BR.in meaning “a certain large animal,perhaps the wild ass”] a rhinoceros J.V,206,408; VI,277.(Page 440),8,1
  8620. 332105,en,15,palasika,palāsika,Palāsika,Palāsika,(adj.) [fr.palāsa<sup>1</sup>] 1.in cpd.paṇḍu° one who lives by eating withered leaves DA.I,270,271.--2.in cpd.eka° (upāhanā) (a shoe) with one lining (i.e.of leaves) Vin.I,185 (=eka paṭala Bdhgh; see Vin.Texts II.13).(Page 440),8,1
  8621. 332109,en,15,palasin,palāsin,Palāsin,Palāsin,(paḷāsin) (adj.) [fr.palāsa<sup>2</sup>] spiteful,unmerciful,malicious M.I,43 sq.,96; A.III,111; comb<sup>d</sup> with makkhin at Vin.II,89 (cp.Vin Texts III,38); J.III,259.apaḷāsin D.III,47 (amakkhin+); M.I,43; A.III,111; Pug.22; see also separately.(Page 440),7,1
  8622. 332117,en,15,palata,palāta,Palāta,Palāta,[contracted form of palāyita,pp.of palāyati,cp.Prk.palāa (=*palāta) Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 567] run away J.VI,369; Vism.326; VvA.100; DhA.II,21.(Page 440),6,1
  8623. 332120,en,15,palatatta,palātatta,Palātatta,Palātatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.palāta] running away,escape J.I,72.(Page 440),9,1
  8624. 332132,en,15,palavati,palavati,Palavati,Palavati,[Vedic plavati,<em>plu</em>] to float,swim Vin.IV,112; Dh.334; Th.1,399; J.III,190.(Page 440),8,1
  8625. 332140,en,15,palayana,palāyana,Palāyana,Palāyana,(nt.) [fr.palāy] running away DhA.I,164.See also pālana.(Page 440),8,1
  8626. 332146,en,15,palayanaka,palāyanaka,Palāyanaka,Palāyanaka,(adj.) [fr.palāy] running away J.II,210 (°ṃ karoti to put to flight).(Page 440),10,1
  8627. 332163,en,15,palayati,palāyati,Palāyati,Palāyati,[cp.Vedic palāyati,palāy] to run (away) Vin.III,145 (ubbijjati uttasati p.); A.II,33 (yena vā tena vā palayanti); Sn.120; J.II,10; DhA.I,193; PvA.253,284 (=dhāvati).-- ppr.palāyanto S.I,209=Th.2,248 =Pv.II,7<sup>17</sup>=Nett 131=DhA.IV,21; aor.palāyi S.I,219; J.I,208; II,209,219,257; IV,420; DhA.III,208; DA.I,142; PvA.4,274; ger.palāyitvā J.I,174; PvA.154; inf.palāyituṃ J.I,202; VI,420.-- Contracted forms are:pres.paleti (see also the analogy-form pāleti under pāleti,to guard) D.I,54 (spelt phaleti,expl<sup>d</sup> DA.I,165 by gacchati); Sn.1074,1144 (=vajati gacchati Nd<sup>2</sup> 423); Dh.49; Nd<sup>1</sup> 172; J.V,173,241; Vv 84<sup>36</sup> (=gacchati VvA.345); Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup> (gacchati PvA.56); aor.palittha J.V,255; fut.palehiti Th.1,307; imper.palehi Sn.831 (=gaccha SnA 542) -- pp.palāta &#38; palāyita; Caus.palāpeti<sup>1</sup> (q.v.).(Page 440),8,1
  8628. 332177,en,15,palayin,palāyin,Palāyin,Palāyin,(adj.) [fr.palāy] running away,taking to flight S.I,221=223.-- Usually neg.apalāyin S.I,185,and in phrase abhīru anutrāsin apalāyin S.I,99; Th.1,864; J.IV,296 and passim.See apalāyin &#38; apalāsin.(Page 440),7,1
  8629. 332188,en,15,palepa,palepa,Palepa,Palepa,[fr.pa+<em>lip</em>] smearing; plaster,mortar Th.2,270; ThA.213.(Page 442),6,1
  8630. 332189,en,15,palepana,palepana,Palepana,Palepana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>lip</em>] smearing,anointing; adj.(-°) smeared or coated with M.I,429 (gāḷha° thickly smeared).(Page 442),8,1
  8631. 332200,en,15,paleti,paleti,Paleti,Paleti,see <i>palāyati</i>.(Page 442),6,1
  8632. 332208,en,15,paleti,pāleti,Pāleti,Pāleti,[cp.(Epic) Sk.pālayati,fr.pā] 1.to protect,guard,watch,keep Sn.585; J.I,55; IV,127; VI,589; Miln.4 (paṭhavī lokaṃ pāleti,perhaps in meaning “keeps,holds,encircles,” similar to meaning 2); Sdhp.33.‹-› 2.(lit.perhaps “to see through safely”; for palāyati by false analogy) to go on,to move,to keep going,in defn of carati as viharati,iriyati,vattati,pāleti,yapeti,yāpeti at Nd2 237; Vbh.252; DhsA.167.Cp.pālana.So also in phrase atthaṃ pāleti (so read for paleti?) “to come home” i.e.to disappear Sn.1074 (see expld Nd2 28).See other refs.under palāyati.‹-› pp.pālita.See also abhi° &#38; pari°.A contracted (poetical) form is found as pallate at J.V,242,expld by C.as pālayati (pālayate),used as Med.-Pass.(Page 455),6,1
  8633. 332223,en,15,pali°,pali°,Pali°,Pali°,[a variant of pari°,to be referred to the Māgadhī dialect in which it is found most frequently,esp.in the older language,see Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 257; Geiger,P.Gr.§ 44] round,around (=pari) only as prefix in cpds.(q.v.).Often we find both pari° &#38; pali° in the same word.(Page 440),5,1
  8634. 332232,en,15,pali,pāli,Pāli,Pāli,(Pāḷi) (f.) [cp.Sk.pālī a causeway,bridge Halāyudha III,54] 1.a line,row Dāvs III,61; IV,3; Vism.242 (dvattiṃs’ākāra°),251 (danta°); SnA 87.-- 2.a line,norm,thus the canon of Buddhist writings; the text of the Pāli Canon,i.e.the original text (opp.to the Commentary; thus “pāliyaṃ” is opposed to “aṭṭhakathāyaṃ” at Vism.107,450,etc).It is the literary language of the early Buddhists,closely related to Māgadhī.See Grierson,The Home of Lit.Pāli (Bhandarkar Commemoration vol.p.117 sq.),and literature given by Winternitz,Gesch.d.Ind.Litt.,II.10; III,606,635.The word is only found in Commentaries,not in the Piṭaka.See also Hardy,Introd.to Nett,p.xi.-- J.IV,447 (°nayena accord.to the Pāli Text); Vism.376 (°nay’anusārena id.),394,401,565 (°anusārato accord.to the text of the Canon); 607,630,660 sq.,693,712; KhA 41; SnA 333,424,519,604; DhsA.157,168; DhA.IV,93; VvA.117,203 (pālito+aṭṭhuppattito); PvA.83,87,92,287; and freq.elsewhere. --vaṇṇanā is explanation of the text (as regards meaning of words),purely textual criticism,as opposed to vinicchaya-kathā analysis,exegesis,interpretation of sense Vbh.291; Vism.240 (contrasted to bhāvanāniddesa).(Page 455),4,1
  8635. 332248,en,15,palibhaddaka,pālibhaddaka,Pālibhaddaka,Pālibhaddaka,[fr.palibhadda=pari+bhadda,very auspicious] the tree Butea frondosa J.IV,205; Nd2 680AII; Vism.256 (°aṭṭhi); VbhA.239 (id.); KhA 46,53; DhsA.14; DhA.I,383.As phālibhaddaka (-vana) at J.II,162 (v.l.pātali°).(Page 455),12,1
  8636. 332252,en,15,palibhanjana,palibhañjana,Palibhañjana,Palibhañjana,(nt.) [pari+bhañjana] breaking up Nd<sup>2</sup> 576 (sambhañjana+; v.l.pari°).See also sam°.The spelling <i>phali°</i> occurs at ThA.288.(Page 441),12,1
  8637. 332258,en,15,palibodha,palibodha,Palibodha,Palibodha,[see palibuddhati] obstruction,hindrance,obstacle,impediment,drawback J.I,148; III,241 (a° non-obstruction),381 (id.); Nett 80; also in var.phrases,viz.kāma° Nd<sup>2</sup> 374 (+kāmapariḷāha); kula° cīvara° Nd<sup>2</sup> 68,cp.Miln.388 (kule p.); ghar’āvāsa°,putta-dāro etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 136; Nd<sup>2</sup> 172<sup>a</sup> B,205,cp.J.II,95 (ghara°); KhA 39 (enum<sup>d</sup> as set of <i>dasa palibodhā</i> which are also given and expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at Vism.90 sq.); cp.DhsA.168,and in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>laggana bandhana</i> p.Nd<sup>2</sup> 332,620.Two palibodhas are referred to at Vin.I,265,viz.<i>āvāsa°</i> and cīvara° (cp.Vin.Texts II.157) and sixteen at Miln.11.Cp.Cpd.53.-- The minor obstacles (to the practice of kammaṭṭhāna) are described as <i>khuddaka°</i> at Vism.122 &#38; referred to at DhsA.168.-- See also sam°.(Page 441),9,1
  8638. 332270,en,15,palibuddha,palibuddha,Palibuddha,Palibuddha,[pp.of palibujjhati] obstructed,hindered,stopped; being kept back or delayed,tarrying J.II,417; Nd<sup>2</sup> 107 (paliveṭhita+); Miln.388 (ākāso a°) 404; DhA.III,198.Often in phrase <i>lagga laggita</i> p.Nd<sup>2</sup> 88,107,332,596,597,657.(Page 441),10,1
  8639. 332278,en,15,palibuddhati,palibuddhati,Palibuddhati,Palibuddhati,[the etym.offered by Andersen,Pāli Reader s.v.palibuddha,viz.dissimilation for pari+ruddhati <i>(rudh)</i> is most plausible,other expl<sup>ns</sup> like Trenckner’s (Notes 66 for pari+<i>bādh</i>,med-pass.bajjhati=*bādhyate,seemingly confirmed by v.l.Nd<sup>2</sup> 74 &#38; 77 °bajjhati for °bujjhati) and Kern’s (Toev.s.v.=Ogh.firbiotan,Ger.verbieten) are semantically not satisfactory.Cp.<i>avaruddhati </i>&<i> avaruddha</i>] 1.to obstruct,refuse,keep back,hinder,withhold Vin.II,166; IV,42,131; J.I,217 (cp.paṭibāhati ibid.); III,138 (aor.°buddhi.); IV,159; Miln.263.-- 2.to delay Miln.404 (or should we read <i>°bujjhati</i> i.e.sticks,tarries,is prevented?).‹-› Pass.<i>palibujjhati</i> [this word occurs only in Commentary style &#38; late works.In the Niddesa the nearest synonym is <i>lag</i>,as seen from the freq.comb<sup>n</sup> palibuddha+lagga,palibodha+laggana:see Nd<sup>2</sup> p.188 under nissita] to be obstructed or hindered,to be kept by (Instr.or Loc.) to stick or adhere to,to trouble about,attend to Nd<sup>2</sup> 74,77 (paligijjhati+),88,107,597,657; Miln.263.-- pp.<i>palibuddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 441),12,1
  8640. 332281,en,15,palibujjhana,palibujjhana,Palibujjhana,Palibujjhana,(nt.) [fr.palibujjhati] obstruction DhA.III,258.(Page 441),12,1
  8641. 332289,en,15,palibujjhati,palibujjhati,Palibujjhati,Palibujjhati,see palibuddhati.(Page 441),12,1
  8642. 332304,en,15,palicca,pālicca,Pālicca,Pālicca,(nt.) [fr.palita] greyness of hair M.I,49; S.II,2,42; A.III,196; Dhs.644,736,869; VbhA.98.(Page 455),7,1
  8643. 332312,en,15,paligedha,paligedha,Paligedha,Paligedha,[pali+gedha but Acc.to Geiger,P.Gr.§ 10= parigṛddha] greed,conceit,selfishness A.I,66; Nd<sup>2</sup> taṇhā II (gedha+); Dhs.1059,1136.(Page 441),9,1
  8644. 332318,en,15,paligedhin,paligedhin,Paligedhin,Paligedhin,(adj.) [fr.paligedha,but Geiger,P.Gr.§ 10 takes it as *parigṛddhin,cp.giddhin] conceited,greedy,selfish A.III,265.(Page 441),10,1
  8645. 332323,en,15,paligha,paligha,Paligha,Paligha,[pari+<em>gha</em> of <em>(g)han</em>,cp.P. &#38; Sk.parigha] 1.a cross-bar Vin.II,154; Th.2,263 (vaṭṭa°=parighadaṇḍa ThA.211); J.II,95; VI,276.-- 2.an obstacle,hindrance D.II,254=S.I,27.-- (adj) (-°) in two phrases:<i>okkhitta°</i> with cross-bars erected or put up D.I,105 (=ṭhapita° DA.I,274),opp.<i>ukkhitta°</i> with cross-bars (i.e.obstacles) withdrawn or removed M.I,139=A.III,84=Nd<sup>2</sup> 284 C.; Sn.622 (=avijjā-palighassa ukkhittattā SnA 467); cp.<i>parikhā</i>.<br><br> <i>--parivattika</i> turning round of the bar the “Bar Turn,” a kind of punishment or torture (consisting in “a spike being driven from ear to ear he is pinned to the ground” Hardy,E.M.32,cp.Miln.trsl.I.277) M.I,87=A.I,47=II.122=Nd<sup>1</sup> 154=Nd<sup>2</sup> 604 B (reads paliṅgha,v.l.paligha)=Miln.197.(Page 441),7,1
  8646. 332331,en,15,paligijjhati,paligijjhati,Paligijjhati,Paligijjhati,[pali+gijjhati] to be greedy Nd<sup>2</sup> 77 (abhigijjhati+).(Page 441),12,1
  8647. 332339,en,15,paligunthima,pāliguṇṭhima,Pāliguṇṭhima,Pāliguṇṭhima,(adj.) [doubtful,fr pali+<em>guṇṭh</em>,see paliguṇṭhita; hapax legomenon] covered round (of sandals) Vin.I,186 (Vin.Texts II.15:laced boots); v.l.BB °gunṭhika.(Page 455),12,1
  8648. 332342,en,15,paligunthita,paliguṇṭhita,Paliguṇṭhita,Paliguṇṭhita,[pali+guṇṭhita,variant palikuṇṭhita,as kuṇṭhita &#38; guṇḍhita are found] entangled,covered,enveloped Sn.131 (mohena; v.l.BB °kuṇṭhita); J.II,150=DhA.I,144 (v.l.°kuṇṭh°); IV,56; Miln.II,Expl<sup>d</sup> by <i>pariyonaddha</i> J.II,150,by <i>paṭicchādita</i> J.IV,56.Cp.<i>pāliguṇṭhima</i>.(Page 441),12,1
  8649. 332350,en,15,palikha,palikha,Palikha,Palikha,[a variant of paligha on kh for gh see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 39<sup>2</sup>] a bar J.VI,276 (with palighā as gloss).(Page 440),7,1
  8650. 332353,en,15,palikhadati,palikhādati,Palikhādati,Palikhādati,[pali+khādati] to bite all round,to gnaw or peck off M.I,364 (kukkuro aṭṭhikaṅkalaṃ p.).(Page 441),11,1
  8651. 332357,en,15,palikhanati,palikhaṇati,Palikhaṇati,Palikhaṇati,[pali+<em>khaṇ</em>,cp.parikhā] to dig up,root out S.I,123; II,88 (so read for paliṃ° &#38; phali°)=A.I,204; ger.<i>palikhañña</i> Sn.968 (=uddharitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 490); <i>palikhāya</i> S.I,123 (cp.KS 320); &#38; <i>palikhaṇitvā</i> S.II,88; SnA 573.-- pp.palikhata (q.v.).(Page 441),11,1
  8652. 332360,en,15,palikhata,palikhata,Palikhata,Palikhata,[pp.of palikhaṇati] dug round or out S.IV,83 (so read with v.l.for T.palikhita).(Page 441),9,1
  8653. 332364,en,15,palikhati,palikhati,Palikhati,Palikhati,[pa+<em>likh</em>] to scratch,in phrase <i>oṭṭhaṃ</i> p.to bite one’s lip J.V,434=DhA.IV,197.(Page 441),9,1
  8654. 332370,en,15,palikujjati,palikujjati,Palikujjati,Palikujjati,[pali+kujjati] to bend oneself over,to go crooked M.I,387.(Page 440),11,1
  8655. 332373,en,15,palikunthita,palikuṇṭhita,Palikuṇṭhita,Palikuṇṭhita,[a var.of paliguṇṭhita,q.v. &#38; cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 39<sup>1</sup>] covered,enveloped,smeared with J.II,92 (lohita°).(Page 440),12,1
  8656. 332378,en,15,palimattha,palimaṭṭha,Palimaṭṭha,Palimaṭṭha,[pp.of pari+<em>mṛj</em>] polished J.V,4.Cp.<i>parimaṭṭha</i>.See also sam°.(Page 441),10,1
  8657. 332386,en,15,palipa,palipa,Palipa,Palipa,fr.[pa+<em>lip</em>] sloppiness,mud,marsh M.I,45; Th.1,89; 2,291 (=paṅka ThA.224); J.III,241 (read palipo,cp.C.=mahākaddamo ibid.)=IV.480.(Page 441),6,1
  8658. 332392,en,15,palipadaka,palipadaka,Palipadaka,Palipadaka,see <i>pāli°</i>.(Page 441),10,1
  8659. 332398,en,15,palipanna,palipanna,Palipanna,Palipanna,[for paripanna,pp.of paripajjati] fallen,got or sunk into (-° or Loc.) Vin.I,301 (muttakarīse); D.II,24 (id.); M.I,45 (palipa°)=Nd<sup>2</sup> 651 B; M.I,88; J.VI,8; Vism.49 (muttakarīse).(Page 441),9,1
  8660. 332407,en,15,palipatha,palipatha,Palipatha,Palipatha,[for paripatha=°pantha (q.v.),the bases path° &#38; panth° frequently interchanging.Trenckner (Notes 80) derives it fr.pa+<em>lip</em>] danger,obstacle (or is it “mud,mire”=palipa?) A.IV,290; Sn.34=638 (= rāga° SnA 469)=Dh.414 (=rāga° DhA.IV,194).(Page 441),9,1
  8661. 332414,en,15,palippati,palippati,Palippati,Palippati,[Med.-Pass.of pa+<em>lip</em><i>;</i> often spelt palimpati] to be smeared; to stick,to adhere to Pv IV.1<sup>5</sup> (°amāna read for palimpamāna).-- pp.<i>palitta</i> (q.v.).(Page 441),9,1
  8662. 332418,en,15,palisajjati,palisajjati,Palisajjati,Palisajjati,[pari+<em>sṛj</em>] to loosen,make loose S.II,89 (mūlāni).(Page 441),11,1
  8663. 332422,en,15,palissajati,palissajati,Palissajati,Palissajati,[pari+<em>svaj</em>] to embrace D.II,266; J.V,158 (aor.palissaji=ālingi C).204,215; VI,325.(Page 441),11,1
  8664. 332424,en,15,palissuta,palissuta,Palissuta,Palissuta,[pp.of pari+<em>sru</em>] flowing over J.VI,328.(Page 441),9,1
  8665. 332431,en,15,palita,palita,Palita,Palita,(adj.) [cp.Vedic palita; Gr.pelitnόs,peliόs black-grey; Lith.pilkas grey; Ags.fealu=Ohg.falo,E.fallow,Ger.fahl; also Sk.pāṇḍu whitish; P.paṇḍu,pāṭala pink] grey,in cpd.°kesa with grey (i.e.white) hair M.I,88 (f.°kesī); A.I,138; J.I,59,79; abs.only at J.VI,524.The spelling <i>phalita</i> also occurs (e.g.PvA.153).-- Der.<i>pālicca</i>.(Page 441),6,1
  8666. 332447,en,15,palitta,palitta,Palitta,Palitta,[pp.of palippati] smeared Th.2,467 (=upalitta ThA.284).(Page 441),7,1
  8667. 332453,en,15,palivethana,paliveṭhana,Paliveṭhana,Paliveṭhana,(adj.nt.) [fr.pari+<em>veṣṭ</em>] wrapping,surrounding,encircling,encumbrance J.IV,436; Pug.34; Vism.353 (°camma); DhsA.366.(Page 441),11,1
  8668. 332465,en,15,palivetheti,paliveṭheti,Paliveṭheti,Paliveṭheti,[pari+<em>veṣṭ</em>] to wrap up,cover,entwine,encircle M.I,134; J.I,192; II,95; DhA.I,269; DhsA.366.-- Pass.<i>paliveṭhīyati</i> Miln.74.-- pp.<i>paliveṭhita</i> (q.v.).See also sam°.(Page 441),11,1
  8669. 332473,en,15,palivethita,paliveṭhita,Paliveṭhita,Paliveṭhita,[pp.of paliveṭheti] wrapped round,entwined,encircled,fettered Nd<sup>2</sup> 107 (°veṭṭh°,comb<sup>d</sup> with laggita &#38; palibuddha); J.IV,436; VI,89.Cp.sam°.(Page 441),11,1
  8670. 332485,en,15,pallala,pallala,Pallala,Pallala,(nt.) [cp.Class Sk.palvala=Lat.palus; Ohg.felawa Q Ger.felber willow; Lith.pélkè moor; BSk.also palvala,e.g.Divy 56] 1.marshy ground M.I,117; S.III,108 sq.-- 2.a small pond or lake Vin.I,230= D.II,89; J.II,129; V,346.(Page 442),7,1
  8671. 332496,en,15,pallanka,pallaṅka,Pallaṅka,Pallaṅka,[pary+aṅka,cp.Class Sk.palyaṅka &#38; Māgadhī paliyaṅka] 1.sitting cross-legged,in Instr.<i>pallaṅkena</i> upon the hams S.I,124,144; and in phrase <i>pallaṅkaṃ ābhujati</i> “to bend (the legs) in crosswise” D.I,71; M.I,56; A.III,320; J.I,17,71; Ps.I,176; Pug.68; Miln.289; DhA.II,201.-- This phrase is expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.271 and VbhA.368 as “samantato ūru-baddh’āsanaṃ bandhati.” -- 2.a divan,sofa,couch Vin.II,163,170 (cp.Vin.Texts III,209,which is to be corrected after Dial.I.12); D.I,7; S.I,95; J.I,268; IV,396; V,161; Vv 31<sup>1</sup>; Pv.II,12<sup>7</sup>; III,3<sup>2</sup>; DhA.I,19; PvA.189,219.(Page 442),8,1
  8672. 332505,en,15,pallasa,pallāsa,Pallāsa,Pallāsa,see vi°.(Page 442),7,1
  8673. 332508,en,15,pallati,pallati,Pallati,Pallati,(pallate),is guarded or kept,contracted (poetical) form of pālayate (so Cy.) J.V,242.(Page 442),7,1
  8674. 332514,en,15,pallattha,pallattha,Pallattha,Pallattha,[Sk.*paryasta,pari+pp.of <em>as</em> to throw,cp.Prk pallattha Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 285] the posture of sitting or squatting or lolling J.I,163 (here in expl<sup>n</sup> of tipallattha:pallatthaṃ vuccati sayanaṃ,ubhohi passehi ujukam eva ca go-nisinnaka-vasenā ti tīh’ākārehi pallatthaṃ etc.; see under ti°).Cp.ti°,vi°.(Page 442),9,1
  8675. 332520,en,15,pallatthika,pallatthikā,Pallatthikā,Pallatthikā,(f.) [fr.pallattha] same meaning as pallattha Vin.II,213; III,162 (cp.Vin.Texts I.62; III,141); Vism.79 (dussa°).(Page 442),11,1
  8676. 332523,en,15,pallatthita,pallatthita,Pallatthita,Pallatthita,[doubtful,perhaps we should read paliyattha,see Kern,Toev.s.v.] perverse J.V,79.(Page 442),11,1
  8677. 332529,en,15,pallava,pallava,Pallava,Pallava,(nt.) [cp.Class Sk.pallaka] a sprout J.I,250; II,161.See also <i>phallava</i>.(Page 442),7,1
  8678. 332538,en,15,pallavita,pallavita,Pallavita,Pallavita,(adj.) [fr.pallava] having sprouts,burgeoning,budding Miln.151; VvA.288 (sa° full of sprouts).(Page 442),9,1
  8679. 332545,en,15,palloma,palloma,Palloma,Palloma,[a contraction of pannaloma,see J.P.T.S.1889,206] security,confidence D.I,96; M.I,17; cp.DA.I,266 “loma-haṃsa-mattam pi ‘ssa na bhavissati.” (Page 442),7,1
  8680. 332552,en,15,palobha,palobha,Palobha,Palobha,[fr.pa+<em>lubh</em>] desire,greed PvA.265.(Page 442),7,1
  8681. 332557,en,15,palobhana,palobhana,Palobhana,Palobhana,(nt.)=palobha J.I,196,210; II,183; Miln.286.(Page 442),9,1
  8682. 332571,en,15,palobheti,palobheti,Palobheti,Palobheti,[Caus.of pa+<em>lubh</em>] to desire,to be greedy Sn.703; J.I,79,157,298; VI,215; SnA 492; DhA.I,123,125; PvA.55.-- pp.<i>palobhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 442),9,1
  8683. 332579,en,15,palobhita,palobhita,Palobhita,Palobhita,[pp.of palobheti] desired PvA.154.(Page 442),9,1
  8684. 332585,en,15,paloka,paloka,Paloka,Paloka,[fr.pa+<i>*</i><em>luj</em><i>=</i><em>ruj</em>,thus standing for *paloga,cp.roga] breaking off or in two,dissolution,decay Vin.II,284; M.I,435=Miln.418 (in formula aniccato dukkhato rogato etc.,with freq.v.l.paralokato; cp.A.IV,423; Nd<sup>2</sup> 214; Ps.II,238); S.III,167 (id.) IV.53; V,163.(Page 442),6,1
  8685. 332594,en,15,palokin,palokin,Palokin,Palokin,(adj.) [fr.paloka] destined for decay or destruction S.IV,205=Sn.739 (Acc.palokinaṃ=jarā-maraṇehi palujjana-dhamma SnA 506); Th.2,101 (Acc.pl.palokine,see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 95<sup>2</sup>).(Page 442),7,1
  8686. 332602,en,15,paluddha,paluddha,Paluddha,Paluddha,[pp.of pa+<em>lubh</em>] seduced,enticed S.IV,307 (where id.p.M.I,511 reads paladdha); J.I,158; VI,255,262.See also <i>palobheti </i>&<i> palobhita</i>.(Page 442),8,1
  8687. 332608,en,15,palugga,palugga,Palugga,Palugga,[pp.of palujjati,Sk.*prarugṇa] broken up,crushed,crumbled Bu II.24; Miln.217.(Page 441),7,1
  8688. 332616,en,15,palujjana,palujjana,Palujjana,Palujjana,(nt.) [fr.palujjati] breaking up,destruction SnA 506.(Page 442),9,1
  8689. 332624,en,15,palujjati,palujjati,Palujjati,Palujjati,[Pass.of palujati=pa+<em>ruj</em>] to break (intrs.) to fall down,crumble,to be dissolved Vin.II,284; D.II,181; M.I,488; S.II,218; III,137; IV,52=Nd<sup>2</sup> 550 (in exegesis of “loka”); Miln.8; Vism.416.-- pp.<i>palugga</i> (q.v.).Cp.BSk.<i>pralujyati</i> MVastu II.370.(Page 442),9,1
  8690. 332637,en,15,palumpati,palumpati,Palumpati,Palumpati,[pa+<em>lup</em>] to rob,plunder,deprive of A.I,48.(Page 442),9,1
  8691. 332651,en,15,pamada,pamadā,Pamadā,Pamadā,(f.) [Classical Sk.pramadā,fr.pra+<em>mad</em>,cp.pamāda] a young (wanton) woman,a woman Sn.156,157 (gloss for pamāda cp.SnA 203); J.III,442 (marapamadānaṃ issaro; v.l.samuddā),530 (v.l.pamuda,pamoda).(Page 416),6,1
  8692. 332659,en,15,pamada,pamāda,Pamāda,Pamāda,[cp.Vedic pramāda,pa+<em>mad</em>] carelessness,negligence,indolence,remissness D.I,6 (jūta°,see DA.I,85); III,42 sq.,236; M.I,151; S.I,18,20,25,146,216; II,43,193; IV,78,263; V,170,397; A.I,212 (surāmerayamajja°)=S.II,69; A.I,16 sq.; II,40; III,6,421,449; IV,195,294,350; V,310,361; Sn.156,157 (gloss pamadā,cp.SnA 203),334,942,1033; Dh.21,30 sq.,167 (=satiossagga-lakkhaṇa p.DhA.III,163),241,371; Th.1,1245=S.I,193; It.86; Nd<sup>1</sup> 423=Nd<sup>2</sup> 405; Ps.II,8 sq.,169 sq.,197; Pug.11,12; Nett 13,41; Miln.289 (māna atimāna mada+); SnA 339 (=sati-vippavāsa); DhA.I,228; PvA.16 (pamādena out of carelessness); Sdhp.600.-- <i>appamāda</i> earnestness,vigilance,zeal D.III,236; S.I,158; II,29; Dh.21.<br><br> <i>--pāṭha</i> careless reading (in the text) Nett Ṭ.(see introd.xi.n.1); KhA 207; PvA.25.(Page 416),6,1
  8693. 332685,en,15,pamadavata,pamādavatā,Pamādavatā,Pamādavatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.pamāda+vant,adj.] remissness A.I,139.(Page 416),10,1
  8694. 332692,en,15,pamaddana,pamaddana,Pamaddana,Pamaddana,(adj.nt.) [fr.pamaddati] crushing,defeating,overcoming D.I,89 (°parasena°); Sn.p.106 (id.=maddituṃ samattho SnA 450); Sn.561 (Mārasena°); DA.I,250.(Page 416),9,1
  8695. 332701,en,15,pamaddati,pamaddati,Pamaddati,Pamaddati,[pa+<em>mṛd</em>] to crush down,destroy,overcome,defeat; pp.<i>pamaddita</i> J.VI,189 (mālutena p.corresponding with vāta-pahaṭa).(Page 416),9,1
  8696. 332710,en,15,pamaddin,pamaddin,Pamaddin,Pamaddin,(adj.) [fr.pa+<em>mṛd</em>] crushing,able to crush,powerful,mighty J.IV,26 (=maddana-samattha C.).(Page 416),8,1
  8697. 332717,en,15,pamadin,pamādin,Pamādin,Pamādin,(adj.) [fr.pamāda] infatuating,exciting,in phrase citta° Th.2,357 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “leading to ferment of the mind”; vv.ll.°pamaddin &#38; °pamāthin,thus “crushing the heart,” cp.ThA.243).(Page 416),7,1
  8698. 332741,en,15,pamajjana,pamajjanā,Pamajjanā,Pamajjanā,(f.) &#38; <i>°itatta</i> (nt.) are abstr.formations fr.pa+<i>mad</i>,in the sense of <i>pamāda</i> carelessness etc., &#38; occur as philological synonyms in exegesis of pamāda at Vbh.350=Nd<sup>1</sup> 423; Nd<sup>2</sup> 405.Also at DhA.I,228 (°bhāva=pamāda).(Page 416),9,1
  8699. 332765,en,15,pamajjati,pamajjati,Pamajjati,Pamajjati,<sup>2</sup> [pa+<em>mṛj</em>] 1.to wipe off,rub off,sweep,scour Vin.I,47; II,209 (bhūmi° itabbā); M.I,383.-- 2.to rub along,stroke,grope,feel along (with one’s hands) Vin.II,209 (cīvara-rajjuṃ °itvā; cp.Vin.Texts III,279).‹-› Note.pamajjamāna in phrase gale pi p° ānena at Nett 164 is after the example of similar passages M.I,108 and A.IV,32 and as indicated by v.l.preferably to be read as “api panujjamānena pi” (see panudati).(Page 416),9,1
  8700. 332766,en,15,pamajjati,pamajjati,Pamajjati,Pamajjati,<sup>1</sup> [pa+<em>mad</em>] 1.to become intoxicated S.I,73.-- 2.to be careless,slothful,negligent; to neglect,waste one’s time S.IV,125,133; Sn.676,925,933; cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 376 &#38; Nd<sup>2</sup> 70; Dh.168,172,259; J.III,264 (with Acc.); IV,396 (with Gen.); Pv.I,11<sup>12</sup> (dāne na p.); IV,13 (jāgaratha mā p.); Sdhp.16,620.-- aor.2 pl.pamādattha M.I,46; A.III,87; IV,139.Other noteworthy forms are aor.or precative (mā) <i>pamādo</i> S.IV,263; Th.1,119; Dh.371 (see Geiger P.Gr.§ 161 b),and cond.or aor.<i>pamādassaṃ</i> M.III,179; A.I,139 (see Geiger l.c.170 &#38; Trenckner Notes 75<sup>2</sup>).-- appamajjanto (ppr.) diligent,eager,zealous PvA.7.-- pp.<i>pamatta</i> (q.v.).(Page 415),9,1
  8701. 332823,en,15,pamana,pamāṇa,Pamāṇa,Pamāṇa,(nt.) [of pa+<em>mā</em>,Vedic pramāṇa] 1.measure,size,amount S.II,235; A.I,88; III,52,356 sq.; V,140 sq.; Miln.285 (cp.trsl.II.133,n.2); SnA 137; VvA.16; PvA.55 (ghaṭa°),70 (ekahattha°),99 (<i>tālakkhandha°</i>),268 (sīla°).-- 2.measure of time,compass,length,duration PvA.136 (jīvitaṃ paricchinna °ṃ); esp.in cpd.āyu° age S.I,151; A.I,213; II,126 sq.and passim (cp.āyu).-- 3.age (often by Com.taken as “worldly characteristic,” see below rūpa° and cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 406 on Sn.1076); DhA.I,38.-- 4.limit PvA.123,130 (dhanassa).-- 5.(appl<sup>d</sup> meaning) standard,definition,description,dimension S.IV,158≈Sn.1076 (perhaps (“age”).pamāṇaṃ karoti set an example DhA.III,300 (maṃ p.katvā).-- adj.(-°) of characteristic,of the character of,measuring or measured by,taking the standard of,only in cpd.rūpa° measuring by (appearance or) form,or held in the sphere of form (defined or Pug.A 229 as “rūpa-ppamāṇ’ādisu sampattiyuttaṃ rūpaṃ pamāṇaṃ karotī ti”) A.II,71=Pug.53; Nd<sup>2</sup> 406.-- <i>appamāṇa</i> without a measure,unlimited,immeasurable,incomparable D.I,31; II,12 (+uḷāra); M.III,145 (ceto-vimutti); A.I,183,192; II,73; III,52; V,299 sq.,344 sq.; Sn.507; PvA.110 (=atula).See also appamāṇa.<br><br> <i>--kata</i> taken as standard,set as example,being the measure,in phrase p.-kataṃ kammaṃ D.I,251; S.IV,322.(Page 416),6,1
  8702. 332839,en,15,pamanavant,pamāṇavant,Pamāṇavant,Pamāṇavant,(adj.n.) [fr.pamāṇa] having a measure,finite; or:to be described,able to be defined Vin.II,110; A.II,73.(Page 416),10,1
  8703. 332845,en,15,pamanga,pāmaṅga,Pāmaṅga,Pāmaṅga,(nt.) [etym.?] a band or chain Vin.II,106; III,48; Mhvs 11,28; Dpvs XII.1; DhA.IV,216.See on this Vin.Texts III,69 &#38; Mhvs trsl.797.(Page 453),7,1
  8704. 332855,en,15,pamanika,pamāṇika,Pamāṇika,Pamāṇika,(adj.n.) [fr.pamāṇa] 1.forming or taking a measure or standard,measuring by (-°) DhA.III,113 (rūpa° etc.,see A.II,71); (n.) one who measures,a critic,judge A.III,349 sq.; V,140; Sdhp.441 (as pamāṇaka).-- 2.according to measure,by measure Vin.III,149; IV,279.(Page 416),8,1
  8705. 332858,en,15,pamanna,pamaññā,Pamaññā,Pamaññā,(f.) [abstr.fr.pamāṇa,for *pamānyā,grd.form.of pa+<em>mā</em> for the usual pameyya] only neg.<i>ap°</i> immeasurableness Vbh.272 sq.(catasso appamaññāyo,viz.mettā,karuṇā,muditā,upekhā).See <i>appamaññā</i>.(Page 416),7,1
  8706. 332860,en,15,pamareti,pamāreti,Pamāreti,Pamāreti,[pa+māreti,Caus.of <em>mṛ</em>,marati to die] to strike dead,maltreat,hurt DhA.III,172.(Page 416),8,1
  8707. 332872,en,15,pamathita,pamathita,Pamathita,Pamathita,[pp.of pa+mathati to crush] crushed,only in cpd.sam° (q.v.).(Page 416),9,1
  8708. 332877,en,15,pamatta,pamaṭṭa,Pamaṭṭa,Pamaṭṭa,in cpd.<i>luñcita-pamaṭṭā kapotī viya</i> (simile for a woman who has lost all her hair) at PvA.47 is doubtful,it should probably be read as luñcita-pakkhikā k.viya i.e.like a pigeon whose feathers have been pulled out (v.l.°patthaka).(Page 416),7,1
  8709. 332882,en,15,pamatta,pamatta,Pamatta,Pamatta,[pp.of pamajjati] slothful,indolent,indifferent,careless,negligent D.III,190; S.I,61=204; A.I,11,139; IV,319; V,146; Sn.57,70,329 sq.,399,1121; Dh.19,21,29,292,309 (=sati-vossaggena samannāgata DhA.III,482),371; Nd<sup>2</sup> 404; PvA.276 (quot.°ṃ ativattati).<i>appamatta</i> diligent,careful,eager,mindful S.I,4,140,157; A.V,148; Th.1,1245; Pv IV.1<sup>38</sup>; PvA.66 (dānaṃ detha etc.),219,278.See also <i>appamatta<sup>2</sup></i>.<br><br> <i>--cārin</i> acting carelessly Dh.334 (=sati-vossagga-lakkhaṇena pamādena p.-c.DhA.IV,43).<i>--bandhu</i> friend of the careless (Ep.of Māra) S.I,123,128; Sn.430; Nd<sup>2</sup> 507.(Page 416),7,1
  8710. 332891,en,15,pamattaka,pamattaka,Pamattaka,Pamattaka,(adj.)=pamatta,only in neg.form ap° careful,mindful PvA.201.(Page 416),9,1
  8711. 332898,en,15,pamaya,pamāya,Pamāya,Pamāya,<sup>2</sup> [ger.of pamināti i.e.pa+<em>mṛ</em>,Sk.pramārya of pramṛṇāti] crushing,destroying Sn.209 (bījaṃ;= hiṃsitva vadhitvā SnA 257).See on this passage Morris,J.P.T.S.1885,45.(Page 416),6,1
  8712. 332899,en,15,pamaya,pamāya,Pamāya,Pamāya,<sup>1</sup> [ger.of pamināti i.e.pa+<em>mā</em>] having measured,measuring Sn.894 (sayaṃ p.=paminitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 303); J.III,114.(Page 416),6,1
  8713. 332906,en,15,pamayin,pamāyin,Pamāyin,Pamāyin,(adj.) [fr.pa+<em>mā</em>] measuring,estimating,defining S.I,148 (appameyyaṃ p.“who to th’illimitable limit lays” trsl.; corresponds with paminanto).(Page 416),7,1
  8714. 332915,en,15,pameyya,pameyya,Pameyya,Pameyya,(-°) (adj.) [grd.of pamināti,like Epic Sk.prameya] to be measured,measurable,only in foll.cpd.<i>appameyya</i> not to be measured,illimitable,unfathomable S.I,148; V,400; M.III,71,127; A.I,266; Vv 34<sup>19</sup> (=paminituṃ asakkhuṇeyya VvA.154); 37<sup>7</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> as before at VvA.169); <i>duppameyya</i> hard to be gauged or measured A.I,266; Pug.35; opp.<i>suppameyya</i> ibid.(Page 417),7,1
  8715. 332922,en,15,pamha,pamha,Pamha,Pamha,(nt.) [the syncope form of pakhuma=Sk.pakṣman used in poetry and always expl<sup>d</sup> in C.by pakhuma] eye-lash,usually in cpd.<i>aḷāra°</i> having thick eyelashes,e.g.at J.V,215; Vv 35<sup>7</sup>; 64<sup>11</sup>; Pv III,3<sup>5</sup>; asāyata° at Th.2,383.(Page 417),5,1
  8716. 332928,en,15,pamhayati,pamhayati,Pamhayati,Pamhayati,[pa+<em>smi</em>,Sk.prasmayate] to laugh; Caus.<i>pamhāpeti</i> to make somebody laugh J.V,297 (=parihaseti C.),where it is syn.with the preceding <i>umhāpeti</i>.(Page 417),9,1
  8717. 332932,en,15,pamilata,pamilāta,Pamilāta,Pamilāta,[pp.of pa+<em>mlā</em>] faded,withered,languished Miln.303.(Page 417),8,1
  8718. 332941,en,15,paminati,pamināti,Pamināti,Pamināti,[pa+mināti to <em>mā</em> with pres.formation fr.<em>mi</em>,after Sk.minoti; see also anumināti] to measure,estimate,define A.III,349,351; V,140,143; Sdhp.537.-- ppr.paminanto S.I,148; inf.paminituṃ VvA.154; ger.paminitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 303,and pamāya (q.v.); grd.paminitabba VvA.278; aor.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.pāmesi J.V,299,3<sup>rd</sup> pl.pamiṃsu A.II,71; Th.1,469 (pāmiṃsu).(Page 416),8,1
  8719. 332959,en,15,pamocana,pamocana,Pamocana,Pamocana,(adj.n.) [fr.pa+<em>muc</em>] loosening,setting free; deliverance,emancipation S.I,172=Sn.78; A.II,24,37,49 sq.; Sn.166 (maccupāsā,Abl.=from),1064 (pamocanāya Dat.=pamocetuṃ Nd<sup>2</sup>); It.104 (Nibbānaṃ sabbagantha °ṃ).At Dh.274 we should read pamohanaṃ for pamocanaṃ.(Page 417),8,1
  8720. 332969,en,15,pamoceti,pamoceti,Pamoceti,Pamoceti,Caus.of pamuñcati (q.v.).(Page 417),8,1
  8721. 332979,en,15,pamoda,pamoda,Pamoda,Pamoda,[fr.pa+<em>mud</em>,cp.Vedic pramoda] joy,delight Sdhp.528,563.See also pāmojja.(Page 417),6,1
  8722. 332988,en,15,pamodana,pamodanā,Pamodanā,Pamodanā,(f.) [fr.pa+<em>mud</em>] delight,joy,satisfaction Dhs.9,86,285 (āmodanā+).(Page 417),8,1
  8723. 332997,en,15,pamodati,pamodati,Pamodati,Pamodati,[pa+<em>mud</em>] to rejoice,enjoy,to be delighted,to be glad or satisfied S.I,182; A.III,34 (so read for ca modati); Dh.16,22; Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup>,11<sup>5</sup>; VvA.278 (=āmodati).-- Caus.<i>pamodeti</i> id.Sdhp.248.-- pp.<i>pamudita (</i>&<i> pamodita)</i> (q.v.).Cp.<i>abhippamodati</i>.(Page 417),8,1
  8724. 333011,en,15,pamoha,pamoha,Pamoha,Pamoha,[pa+<em>muh</em>,cp.Epic Sk.pramoha] bewilderment,infatuation,fascination Sn.841 (v.l.Nd<sup>1</sup> sammoha); Nd<sup>1</sup> 193 (+sammoha andhakāra); J.VI,358; J.VI,358; Pug.21; Dhs.390,1061.(Page 417),6,1
  8725. 333018,en,15,pamohana,pamohana,Pamohana,Pamohana,[fr.pa+<em>muh</em>] deceiving,deception,delusion Dh.274 (T.reads pamocana; DhA.III,403 expl<sup>s</sup> by vañcana).(Page 417),8,1
  8726. 333037,en,15,pamojja,pāmojja,Pāmojja,Pāmojja,=pāmujja [Cp.BSk.prāmodya Divy 13,82,239] D.II,214; III,288; M.I,37,98; S.I,203; II,30; V,157; Dh.376,381; Ps.I,177; Dhs.9,86; Miln.84; Vism.2,107,177 (T.pa°); DhA.IV,111 (°bahula).(Page 454),7,1
  8727. 333047,en,15,pamokkha,pamokkha,Pamokkha,Pamokkha,[fr.pa+<em>muc</em>,see pamuñcati] 1.discharging,launching,letting loose,gushing out; in phrases itivāda° pouring out gossip M.I,133; S.V,73; A.II,26; DA.I,21; and caravāda° id.S.III,12; V,419.-- 2.release,deliverance S.I,2; PvA.103 (pamutti+); Abl.pamokkhā for the release of,i.e.instead of (Gen.) J.V,30 (pituno p.=pamokkha-hetu C.).(Page 417),8,1
  8728. 333055,en,15,pamokkha,pāmokkha,Pāmokkha,Pāmokkha,(adj.) [a grd.form.fr.pamukha,with lengthening of a as frequently in similar forms like pāṭidesanīya,pāṭimokkha,pāmojja] 1.chief,first,excellent,eminent,(m.) a leader.-- A.II,168 (saṅga sa°); Pug.69,70; Miln.75 (hatthi° state elephant).disā° worldfamed J.I,166,285; II,278; VI,347.-- Freq.in series agga seṭṭha pāmokkha attama,in exegesis of mahā (at Nd2 502 A e.g.,when A.II,95 reads mokkha for p.).See mahā.Defd as “pamukhe sādhū ti” at VbhA.332.-- 2.facing east Pv IV.353 (=pācīna-dis’âbhimukha).(Page 453),8,1
  8729. 333068,en,15,pampaka,pampaka,Pampaka,Pampaka,[etym? Cp.Sk.pampā N.of a river (or lake),but cp.ref.in BR.under pampā varaṇ-ādi] a loris (Abhp.618) i.e.an ape; but probably meant for a kind of bird (cp.Kern,Toev.s.v.) J.VI,538 (C.reads pampuka &#38; expl<sup>s</sup> by pampaṭaka).(Page 417),7,1
  8730. 333084,en,15,pamsu,paṃsu,Paṃsu,Paṃsu,[cp.Ved.pāṃsu] dust,dirt,soil S.V,459; A.I,253; Pv.II,3<sup>7</sup>.-- <i>paṃsvāgārakā</i> playmates S.III,190; saha‹-› paṃsukīḷitā id.(lit.playing together with mud,making mud pies) A.II,186; J.I,364; PvA.30.Cp.BSk.sahapāṃśukrīḍita MVastu III,450.<br><br> <i>--kūla</i> rags from a dust heap (cp.Vin.Texts II.156) Vin.I,58; M.I,78; S.II,202; A.I,240,295; II,206; IV,230; It.102=A.II,26; Dh.395; Pug.69; PvA.141,144.A quâsi definition of p.-k.is to be found at Vism.60.<i>--kūlika</i> one who wears clothes made of rags taken from a dust heap M.I,30; S.II,187; A.III,187,219,371 sq.; Vin.III,15; IV,360; Ud.42; Pug.55; DhA.IV,157; °attan (nt.abstr.) the habit of wearing rags M.I,214; III,41; A.I,38; III,108.<i>--guṇṭhita</i> (vv.ll.°kuṇḍita,°kuṇṭhita) covered with dust or dirt S.I,197; J.VI,559; Pv.II,3<sup>5</sup>.-- <i>pisācaka</i> a mud sprite (some sort of demon) J.III,147; IV,380; DhA.II,26.<i>--muṭṭhi</i> a handful of soil J.VI,405.<i>--vappa</i> sowing on light soil (opp.kalalavappa sowing on heavy soil or mud) SnA 137.(Page 378),5,1
  8731. 333120,en,15,pamsuka,paṃsuka,Paṃsuka,Paṃsuka,(adj.) [Epic Sk.pāṃśuka; Ved.pāṃsura] dusty; (m.) a dusty robe KhA 171 (v.l.paṃsukūla).(Page 379),7,1
  8732. 333314,en,15,pamuccati,pamuccati,Pamuccati,Pamuccati,Pass.of <i>pamuñcati</i> (q.v.).(Page 417),9,1
  8733. 333327,en,15,pamucchita,pamucchita,Pamucchita,Pamucchita,[pa+mucchita] 1.swooning,in a faint,fainting (with hunger) Pv III,1<sup>8</sup> (=khuppipāsādidukkhena sañjāta-mucchā PvA.174); IV,10<sup>8</sup>.-- 2.infatuated S.I,187 (v.l.; T.samucchita)=Th.1,1219; J.III,441.(Page 417),10,1
  8734. 333349,en,15,pamujja,pāmujja,Pāmujja,Pāmujja,(nt.) [grd.form.tr.pa+<em>mud</em>,see similar forms under pāmokkha] delight,joy,happiness; often combd with pīti.-- D.I,72,196; S.III,134; IV,78=351; V,156,398; A.III,21; V,1 sq.,311 sq.,339,349; Sn.256; Nett 29; DA.I,217; Sdhp.167.See also pāmojja.(Page 453),7,1
  8735. 333358,en,15,pamukha,pamukha,Pamukha,Pamukha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [identical with pamukha<sup>1</sup>,lit.“in front of the face,” i.e.frontside,front] 1.eyebrow (?) only in phrase alāra° with thick eyebrows or lashes J.VI,503 (but expl<sup>d</sup> by C.as “visāl’akkhigaṇḍa); PvA.189 (for aḷāra-pamha Pv III,3<sup>5</sup>).Perhaps we should read pakhuma instead.(Page 417),7,1
  8736. 333359,en,15,pamukha,pamukha,Pamukha,Pamukha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [pa+mukha,cp.late Sk.pramukha] lit.“in front of the face,” fore-part,first,foremost,chief,prominent S.I,234,235; Sn.791 (v.l.BB and Nd<sup>1</sup> 92 for pamuñca); J.V,5,169.Loc.<i>pamukhe</i> as adv.or prep.“before” S.I,227 (asurindassa p.; v.l.sammukhe); Vism.120.As --° having as chief,headed by,with NN at the head D.II,97; S.I,79 (Pasenadi° rājāno); PvA.74 (setacchatta° rājakakudhabhaṇḍa); freq.in phrase Buddha° bhikkhusaṅgha,e.g.Vin.I,213; Sn.p.111; PvA.19,20.Cp.<i>pāmokkha</i>.(Page 417),7,1
  8737. 333373,en,15,pamulha,pamūḷha,Pamūḷha,Pamūḷha,[pp.of pamuyhati] bewildered,infatuated Sn.774; Nd<sup>1</sup> 36 (=sammūḷha),193 (+sammūḷha).(Page 417),7,1
  8738. 333377,en,15,pamunca,pamuñca,Pamuñca,Pamuñca,[fr.pa+<em>muc</em>] loosening,setting free or loose,in cpd.<i>°kara</i> deliverer S.I,193=Th.1,1242 (bandhana°).-- adj.<i>dup°</i> difficult to be freed S.I,77;Sn.773; Dh.346; J.II,140.(Page 417),7,1
  8739. 333385,en,15,pamuncati,pamuñcati,Pamuñcati,Pamuñcati,[pa+muñcati of <em>muc</em>] 1.to let loose,give out,emit Sn.973 (vācaṃ;=sampamuñcati Nd<sup>1</sup> 504); J.I,216 (aggiṃ).-- 2.to shake off,give up,shed Dh.377 (pupphāni).Perhaps also in phrase saddhaṃ p.to renounce one’s faith,although the interpretation is doubtful (see Morris,J.P.T.S.1885,46 sq. &#38; cp.Dial.II.33) Vin.I,7=D.II,39=S.I,138 (C.vissajjati,as quoted KS p.174).-- 3.to deliver,free Sn.1063 (kathan kathāhi=mocehi uddhara etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 407<sup>a</sup>),1146 (pamuñcassu=okappehi etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 407<sup>b</sup>).-- Pass.<i>pamuccati</i> to be delivered or freed S.I,24,173; Sn.80,170 sq.(dukkhā); Dh.189 (sabbadukkhā),276 (fut.pamokkhati),291 (dukkhā),361.-- pp.<i>pamutta</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>pamoceti</i> to remove,liberate,deliver,set free S.I,143,154,210; Th.2,157 (dukkhā); Cp.II.7<sup>5</sup>; III,10<sup>3</sup> sq.Caus.II.<i>pamuñcāpeti</i> to cause to get loose DA.I,138.(Page 417),9,1
  8740. 333402,en,15,pamussati,pamussati,Pamussati,Pamussati,[pa+<em>mṛṣ</em>,Sk.mṛṣyati=P.*mussati] to forget J.III,132,264 (pamajjati+); IV,147,251.-- <i>pamuṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 417),9,1
  8741. 333414,en,15,pamutta,pamutta,Pamutta,Pamutta,[pp.of pamuñcati] 1.let loose,hurled J.VI,360 (papātasmiṃ).-- 2.liberated,set free S.I,154; Sn.465,524 sq.(Page 417),7,1
  8742. 333423,en,15,pamuttha,pamuṭṭha,Pamuṭṭha,Pamuṭṭha,[pp.of pamussati] being or having forgotten Vin.I,213; Ps.I,173 (a°); J.III,511 (T.spells pamm°); IV,307 (id.); Miln.77.Cp.<i>parimuṭṭha</i>.(Page 417),8,1
  8743. 333430,en,15,pamutti,pamutti,Pamutti,Pamutti,(f.) [fr.pa+<em>muc</em>] setting free,release S.I,209; Th.2,248; J.IV,478; Nett 131 (=S.I,209; but read pamutty atthi); PvA.103 (dukkhato). <i>Pamudita (</i>&<i> °modita)</i> [pp.of pamodati] greatly delighted,very pleased M.I,37; S.I,64; A.III,21 sq.; Sn.512; J.III,55; DA.I,217,ThA.71; PvA.77,132.-- Spelt <i>pamodita</i> at Sn.681,J.I,75; V,45 (āmodita+).(Page 417),7,1
  8744. 333438,en,15,pamuyhati,pamuyhati,Pamuyhati,Pamuyhati,[pa+muyhati of <em>muh</em>] to become bewildered or infatuated J.VI,73.-- pp.<i>pamūḷha</i> (q.v.).(Page 417),9,1
  8745. 333449,en,15,pana,paṇa,Paṇa,Paṇa,[in this meaning unknown in Sk; only in one faulty var.lect.as “house”; see BR s.v.paṇa.Usual meaning “wager”] a shop J.IV,488 [v.l.pana].(Page 403),4,1
  8746. 333459,en,15,pana,pana,Pana,Pana,(indecl.) [doublet of Sk.puna(ḥ) wiṭh diff.meaning (see puna),cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 34] adversative &#38; interrogative particle,sometimes (originally,cp.puna “again,further”) merely connecting &#38; continuing the story.-- (1) (adversative) but,on the contrary J.I,222; II,159; VvA.79 (correl.with tāva).ca pana “but” J.I,152; atha ca pana “and yet” D.I,139; J.I,279; na kho pana “certainly not” J.I,151; vā pana “or else” Vin.I,83; Dh.42; Sn.376,829.-- (2) (in questions) then,now J.II,4 (kiṃ p.),159 (kahaṃ p.); VvA.21 (kena p.); PvA.27 (katamaṃ p.).-- (3) (conclusive or copulative) and,and now,further,moreover D.I,139 (siyā kho p.be it now that ...); Sn.23,393,396,670; J.I,278; PvA.3.(Page 411),4,1
  8747. 333470,en,15,pana,pāṇa,Pāṇa,Pāṇa,[fr.pa+<em>an</em>,cp.Vedic prāṇa breath of life; P.apāna,etc.] living being,life,creature D.III,48,63,133; S.I,209,224; V,43,227,441 (mahā-samudde); A.I,161; II,73,176,192; Sn.117,247,394,704; Dh.246; DA.I,69,161; KhA 26; ThA.253; PvA.9,28,35; VvA.72; DhA.II,19.-- pl.also <i>pāṇāni</i>,e.g.Sn.117; Dh.270.‹-› Bdhgh’s def<sup>n</sup> of pāṇa is “pāṇanatāya pāṇā; assāsapassās’āyatta-vuttitāyā ti attho” Vism.310.<br><br> <i>--âtipāta</i> destruction of life,murder Vin.I,83 (in “dasa sikkhāpadāni,” see also sīla),85,193; D.III,68,70,149,182,235; M.I,361; III,23; Sn.242; It.63; J.III,181; Pug.39 sq.; Nett 27; VbhA.383 (var.degrees of murder); DhA.II,19; III,355; DA.I,69; PvA.27.<i>--âtipātin</i> one who takes the life of a living being,destroying life D.III,82; M.III,22; S.II,167; It.92; DhA.II,19.<i>--upeta</i> possessed or endowed with life,alive [cp.BSk.prāṇopeta Divy 72,462 etc.] S.I,173; Sn.157; DA.I,236.<i>--ghāta</i> slaying life,killing,murder DA.I,69; <i>--ghātin</i>= âtipātin DhA.II,19.<i>--bhu</i> a living being J.IV,494.<i>--bhūta</i>=°bhu M.III,5; A.II,210; III,92; IV,249 sq.; J.IV,498.<i>--vadha</i>=âtipāta DA.I,69.<i>--sama</i> equal to or as dear as life J.II,343; Dpvs XI.26; DhA.I,5.<i>--hara</i> taking away life,destructive M.I,10=III,97; S.IV,206; A.II,116,143,153; III,163.(Page 451),4,1
  8748. 333479,en,15,pana,pāna,Pāna,Pāna,[Vedic pāna,fr.<em>pā</em>,pibati=Lat.bibo,pp.<i>pīta</i>,Idg.*po[i],cp.Gr.pi/nw to drink,pόtos drink; Obulg.piti to drink,pivo drink; Lith.penas milk; Lat.potus drink,poculum drinking vessel (=Sk.pātra,P.patta)] drink,including water as well as any other liquid.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>anna°</i> (food),e.g.Sn.485,487; Pv.I,52; and °bhojana (id.) e.g.Dh.249; J.I,204.Two sets of 8 drinks are given in detail at Nd1 372.-- Vin.I,245,249 (yāgu°); S.V,375 (majja°); Sn.82,398,924; J.I,202 (dibba°); Pug.51; PvA.7,8,50. --âgāra a drinking booth,a tavern Vin.II,267; III,151; J.I,302 (=surā-geha C.); Vbh.247; VbhA.339.(Page 452),4,1
  8749. 333497,en,15,panaccati,panaccati,Panaccati,Panaccati,[pa+naccati] to dance (forth),to dance ThA.257 (ppr.panaccanta).-- pp.<i>panaccita</i> (q.v.).(Page 411),9,1
  8750. 333501,en,15,panaccita,panaccita,Panaccita,Panaccita,[pp.of panaccati] dancing,made to dance Th.2,390.(Page 411),9,1
  8751. 333503,en,15,panada,panāda,Panāda,Panāda,[pa+nāda] shouting out,shrieks of joy J.VI,282.(Page 411),6,1
  8752. 333509,en,15,panada,pānada,Pānada,Pānada,in cpd.Pānad’ûpama at J.II,223 is faulty.The meaning is “a badly made sandal,” and the reading should probably be (with v.l. &#38; C.) “dupāhan’ûpama,” i.e.du(ḥ)+upāhanā.The C.expls as “dukkatupāhan’ûpama.” (Page 453),6,1
  8753. 333519,en,15,panadeti,panādeti,Panādeti,Panādeti,[Caus.of pa+<em>nad</em>] to shout out,to utter a sound Th.1,310.(Page 411),8,1
  8754. 333539,en,15,panaka,paṇaka,Paṇaka,Paṇaka,see <i>paṇṇaka</i>.<i> --paṇaka</i> (comb) see phaṇaka.(Page 403),6,1
  8755. 333548,en,15,panaka,pāṇaka,Pāṇaka,Pāṇaka,(adj.-n.) (usually --°) [fr.pāṇa] a living being,endowed with (the breath of) life S.IV,198 (chap°); DhA.I,20 (v.l.BB mata°); <i>sap°</i> with life,containing living creatures J.I,198 (udaka); <i>ap°</i> without living beings,lifeless Vin.II,216; M.I,13,243; S.I,169; Sn.p.15 (udaka); J.I,67 (jhāna).(Page 451),6,1
  8756. 333553,en,15,panaka,pānaka,Pānaka,Pānaka,(nt.) [fr.pāna] a drink J.II,285; IV,30; Dāvs.V,2; DhA.III,207 (amba°); VvA.99,291.-- Der.pānakatta (abstr.nt.) being provided with drink J.V,243 (a°).(Page 453),6,1
  8757. 333580,en,15,panali,panāḷī,Panāḷī,Panāḷī,(f.) [pa+nāḷī] a tube,pipe A.IV,171 (udapāna°).(Page 411),6,1
  8758. 333590,en,15,panalika,panāḷikā,Panāḷikā,Panāḷikā,(f.) [fr.panāḷī] a pipe,tube,channel,water course DA.I,244.(Page 411),8,1
  8759. 333610,en,15,panama,paṇāma,Paṇāma,Paṇāma,[fr.pa+<em>nam</em>,see paṇamati] bowing,bow,obeisance Th.2,407 (°ṃ karoti).(Page 403),6,1
  8760. 333611,en,15,panama,paṇāma,Paṇāma,Paṇāma,[fr.pa+<em>nam</em>,see paṇamati] bending,salutation,obeisance (cp.paṇāmeti 1) VvA.321 (°ṃ karoti=añjaliṃ karoti).-- As <i>paṇāmana</i> nt.at J.IV,307.(Page 403),6,1
  8761. 333653,en,15,panamati,paṇamati,Paṇamati,Paṇamati,[pa+<em>nam</em>] to bend,to be bent or inclined Ps.I,165,167; -- pp.<i>paṇata</i> ibid.-- Caus.<i>panāmeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 403),8,1
  8762. 333684,en,15,panameti,paṇāmeti,Paṇāmeti,Paṇāmeti,[Caus.of paṇamati] 1.to bend forth or over,stretch out,raise,in phrase <i>añjaliṃ</i> p.to raise the hands in respectful salutation Vin.II,188; D.I,118; Sn.p.79.‹-› 2.to bend to or over,to shut,in kavāṭaṃ p.to shut the door Vin.I,87; II,114,207; pattaṃ Vin.II,216.‹-› 3.to make go away,to turn someone away,give leave,dismiss Vin.I,54; II,303; S.I,7; Th.1,511,557; J.V,314; Miln.187 (parisaṃ); Pass.<i>paṇāmīyati</i> (ibid.) -- pp.<i>paṇāmita</i> (q.v.).(Page 403),8,1
  8763. 333704,en,15,panamita,paṇāmita,Paṇāmita,Paṇāmita,[pp.of paṇāmeti] 1.(=paṇāmeti 1) raised,bent or stretched out Sn.352 (añjalī sup°).-- 2.(=paṇāmeti 3) dismissed,given leave Vin.I,54; M.I,457 (bhikkhusaṅgho); Miln.209 (id.),187.(Page 403),8,1
  8764. 333727,en,15,panana,pāṇana,Pāṇana,Pāṇana,(nt.) [fr.pāṇa] breathing Vism.310 (see pāṇa); Dhātupāṭha 273 (“baḷa” pāṇane).(Page 451),6,1
  8765. 333740,en,15,panasa,panasa,Panasa,Panasa,[cp.late Sk.panasa,Lat.penus stores,Lith.p&etilde;nas fodder,perhaps Goth.fenea] the Jack or bread-fruit tree (Artocarpus integrifolia) and its fruit J.I,450; II,160; V,205,465; Vv 44<sup>13</sup>; KhA 49,50,58 (°phala,where Vism.258 reads panasa-taca); SnA 475; VvA.147.(Page 411),6,1
  8766. 333801,en,15,panassati,panassati,Panassati,Panassati,[pa+nassati,cp.also BSk praṇāśa Divy 626] to be lost,to disappear,to go to ruin,to cease to be M.I,177; S.II,272 (read panassissati with BB); J.V,401; VI,239; Th.1,143.(Page 411),9,1
  8767. 333812,en,15,panati,paṇati,Paṇati,Paṇati,[cp.Sk.paṇati] to sell,barter,bargain,risk,bet J.V,24 (=voharati attānaṃ vikkiṇati C.).-- See also paṇitaka &#38; paṇiya.(Page 403),6,1
  8768. 333842,en,15,panava,paṇava,Paṇava,Paṇava,[cp.Ep.Sk.paṇava,dial; accord.to BR a corruption of praṇava] a small drum or cymbal D.I,79; S.II,128; IV,344; A.II,117,241; J.III,59 (of an executioner; PvA.4 in id.p.has paṭaha); Th.1,467; Bu I.32; Vv 81<sup>10</sup>; Dhs.621 (°sadda); DhA.I,18.(Page 403),6,1
  8769. 333864,en,15,panaya,paṇaya,Paṇaya,Paṇaya,[classical Sk.praṇaya,fr pra+<i>nī</i>] affection J.VI,102.(Page 403),6,1
  8770. 333889,en,15,panca,pañca,Pañca,Pañca,(adj.-num.) [Ved.pañca,Idg.<i>*penqǔe</i>; cp.Gr.pέnte,Lat.quīnque,Goth.fimf,Lith.penki,Oir.coic] number 5.-- Cases:Gen.Dat.pañcannaṃ,Instr.Abl.pañcahi,Loc.pañcasu; often used in compositional form pañca° (cp.Ved.pañcāra with 5 spokes I.164<sup>13</sup>; Gr.pempw/bolos,Lat.quinqu-ennis etc.).-- 1.Characteristics of No.5 in its use,with ref,to lit. &#38; fig.application.“Five” is the number of “comprehensive and yet simple” unity or a set; it is applied in all cases of a natural and handy comprehension of several items into a group,after the 5 fingers of the hand,which latter lies at the bottom of all primitive expressions of No.5 (see also below pañc’ aṅgulika.The word for 5 itself in its original form is identical with the word for hand *pr∂q,cp.Lat.com°,decem,centum etc.) -<br><br> A.No.5,appl<sup>d</sup> (a) with ref.to time:catupañcāhaṃ 4 or 5 days J.II,114 (cp.quinque diebus Horace Sat I.3<sup>16</sup>); maraṇaṃ tuyhaṃ oraṃ māsehi pañcahi after 5 months Vv 63<sup>10</sup>,p.māse vasitvā DA.I,319 (cp.qu.menses Hor.Sat.II.3<sup>289</sup>).-- (b) of space:°yojanaṭṭhāna J.III,504; °yojan-ubbedho gajavaro VvA.33; °bhūmako pāsādo J.I,58 (cp.the house of Death as 5 stories high in Grimm,Mārchen No.42 ed.Reclam).-- (c) of a group,set,company,etc.(cp.5 peoples RV III,37<sup>9</sup>; VI,11<sup>4</sup>; VIII,9<sup>2</sup> etc.; gods X.55<sup>3</sup>; priests II.34<sup>14</sup>; III,7<sup>7</sup>; leaders of the Greek ships Hom.Iliad 16,171; ambassadors Genesis 47<sup>2</sup>; quinque viri Hor.Sat.II.5<sup>55</sup>; Epist.II.1<sup>24</sup>):p.janā J.V,230; p.amaccā J.V,231; p.hatthino DhA.I,164; pañca nāriyo agamiṃsu Vv 32<sup>2</sup>; p.puttāni khādāmi Pv.I,6<sup>3</sup>.-- Note.No.5 in this appl<sup>n</sup> is not so frequent in Pāli as in older literature (Vedas e.g.); instead of the simple 5 we find more freq.the higher decimals 50 and 500.See also below §§ 3,4.<br><br> B.<i>No</i>.<i> 15</i> in two forms:<i>pañcadasa</i> (f.°ī the 15th day of the month Vv 15<sup>6</sup>=A.I,144; Sn.402) VvA.67 (°kahāpaṇa-sahassāni dāpesi),and <i>paṇṇarasa</i> (also as f.ī of the 15th or full-moon day Pv III,3<sup>1</sup>; DhA.I,198; III,92; IV,202; VvA.314; SnA 78) Sn.153 (pannaraso uposatho); Vv 64<sup>2</sup> (paṇṇarase va cando; expl<sup>d</sup> as paṇṇarasiyaṃ VvA.276); DhA.I,388 (of age,15 or 16 years); DA.I,17 (°bhedo Khuddaka-nikāyo); SnA 357 (pannarasahi bhikkhu-satehi=1500,instead of the usual 500); PvA.154 (°yojana).The appl<sup>n</sup> is much the same as 5 and 50 (see below),although more rare,e.g.as measure of space:°yojana DhA.I,17 (next in sequence to paṇṇāsa-yojana); J.I,315; PvA.154 (cp.15 furlongs from Jerusalem to Bethany John 11,18; 15 cubits above the mountains rose the flood Gen.7.20).<br><br> C.No.25 in two forms:<i>pañcavīsati</i> (the usual) e.g.DhsA.185 sq.; Miln.289 (citta-dubbalī-karaṇā dhammā); <i>paṇṇa-vīsati</i>,e.g.J.IV,352 (nāriyo); Th.2,67,and <i>paṇṇuvīsaṃ</i> (only at J.III,138).Similarly to 15 and 25 the number 45 <i>(pañca-cattāḷīsa)</i> is favoured in giving distances with <i>°yojana</i>,e.g.at J.I,147,348; DhA.I,367.-Application:of 25:(1) time:years J.III,138; DhA.I,4; (2) space:miles high and wide DhA.II,64 (ahipeto); VvA.236 (yojanāni pharitvā pabhā).<br><br> 2.Remarks on the use of 50 and 500 (5000).Both 50 and 500 are found in stereotyped and always recurring combinations (not in Buddhist literature alone,but all over the Ancient World),and applied to any situation indiscriminately.They have thus lost their original numerical significance and their value equals an expression like our “thousands,” cp.the use of Lat.mille and 600,also similarly many other high numerals in Pāli literature,as mentioned under respective units (4,6,8 e.g.in 14,16,18,etc.).Psychologically 500 is to be expl<sup>d</sup> as “a great hand,” i.e.the 5 fingers magnified to the 2<sup>nd</sup> decade,and is equivalent to an expression like “a lot” (originally “only one,” cp.casting the lot,then the one as a mass or collection),or like heaps,tons,a great many,etc.-- Thus 50 (and 500) as the numbers of “comm-union” are especially freq.in recording a company of men,a host of servants,animals in a herd,etc.,wherever the single constituents form a larger (mostly impressive,important) whole,as an army,the king’s retinue,etc.-- A.<i>No</i>.<i> 50 (paññāsa</i>; the by-form <i>paṇṇāsa</i> only at DhA.III,207),in foll.appl<sup>ns</sup>:(a) of time:does not occur,but see below under 55.-- (b) of space (cp.50 cubits the breadth of Noah’s ark Gen.6.15; the height of the gallows (Esther 5.14; 7.9) J.I,359 (yojanāni); DhA.III,207 (°hattho ubbedhena rukkho); Vism.417 (paripuṇṇa °yojana suriyamaṇḍala); DhA.I,17 (°yojana).-- (c) of a company or group (cp.50 horses RV II.18<sup>5</sup>; V,18<sup>5</sup>; wives VIII,19<sup>36</sup>; men at the oars Hom.Il.2.719; 16.170,servants Hom.Od.7,103,22,421) J.III,220 (corā); V,161 (pallaṅkā),421 (dijakaññāyo); Sn.p.87; SnA 57 (bhikkhū).-- Note.<i>55</i> (pañcapaññāsa) is used instead of <i>50</i> in time expressions (years),e.g.at DhA.I,125; II,57; PvA.99,142; also in groups:DhA.I,99 (janā).-- B.<i>No</i>.<i> 500</i> (pañcasata°,pañcasatā,pañcasatāni).-- (a) of time:years (as Peta or Petī) Vv 84<sup>34</sup>; Pv.II,1<sup>5</sup>; PvA.152 (with additional 50).(b) of space:miles high Pv IV.3<sup>28</sup>; J.I,204 (°yojana-satikā); Vism.72 (°dhanu-satika,500 bows in distance).-- (C) of groups of men,servants,or a herd,etc.(cp.500 horses RV X.93<sup>14</sup>; witnesses of the rising of Christ 1 Cor.15--6; men armed Vergil Aen.10.204; men as representatives Hom.Od.3.7; 500 knights or warriors very frequently in Nibelungenlied,where it is only meant to denote a “goodly company,500 or more”) <i>Arahants</i> KhA 98; <i>Bhikkhus</i> very frequent,e.g.D.I,1; Vin.II,199; J.I,116,227; DhA.II,109,153; III,262,295; IV,184,186; Sāvakas J.I,95; Upāsakas J.II,95; PvA.151; Paccekabuddhas DhA.IV,201; PvA.76; Vighāsâdā J.II,95; DhA.II,154; Sons PvA.75; Thieves DhA.II,204; PvA.54; Relatives PvA.179; Women-servants (parivārikā itthiyo) Pv.II,12<sup>6</sup>; VvA.69,78,187; PvA.152; Oxen A.IV,41; Monkeys J.III,355; Horses Vin.III,6.-- Money etc.as present,reward or fine representing a “round-sum” (cp.Nibelungen 314:horses with gold,317:mark; dollars as reward Grimm No.7; drachms as pay Hor.Sat.II.7<sup>43</sup>) kahāpaṇas Sn.980,982; PvA.273; blows with stick as fine Vin.I,247.-- Various:a caravan usually consists of 500 loaded wagons,e.g.J.I,101; DhA.II,79; PvA.100,112; chariots VvA.78; ploughs Sn.p.13.Cp.S.I,148 (vyagghī-nisā); Vin.II,285 (ūna-pañcasatāni); J.II,93 (accharā); V,75 (vāṇijā); DhA.I,89 (suvaṇṇasivikā),352 (rāja-satāni); IV,182 (jāti°) KhA 176 (paritta-dīpā).Also BSk.pañ’opasthāyikā-śatāni Divy 529; pañca-mātrāṇi strī-śatāni Divy 533.-- Note.When Gotama said that his “religion” would last 500 years he meant that it would last a very long time,practically for ever.The later change of 500 to 5,000 is immaterial to the meaning of the expression,it only indicates a later period (cp.5,000 in Nibelungeniled for 500,also 5,000 men in ambush Joshua 8.12; converted by Peter Acts 4.4; fed by Christ with 5 loaves Matthew 14.21).Still more impressive than 500 is the expression 5 Koṭis (5 times 100,000 or 10 million),which belongs to a comparatively later period,e.g.at DhA.I,62 (ariya-sāvaka-koṭiyo),256 (°mattā-ariyasāvakā); IV,190 (p.koti-mattā ariya-sāvakā).<br><br> 3.Typical sets of 5 in the Pali Canon.<i>°aggaṃ</i> first fruits of 5 (kinds),viz.khett°,rās°,koṭṭh°,kumbhi°,bhojan° i.e.of the standing crop,the threshing floor,the granary,the pottery,the larder SnA 270.<i>°aṅgā</i> 5 gentlemanly qualities (of king or brahmin):sujāta,ajjhāyaka,abhirūpa,sīlavā,paṇḍita (see aṅga; on another comb<sup>n</sup> with aṅga see below).The phrase pañc’ aṅgasamannāgata &#38; °vippahīna (S.I,99; A.V,16) refers to the 5 nīvaraṇāni:see expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.146.<i>°aṅgikaturiya</i> 5 kinds of music:ātata,vitata,ātata-vitata,ghana,susira.<i>°abhiññā</i> 5 psychic powers (see Cpd.209).<i>°ānantarika-kammāni</i> 5 acts that have immediate retribution (Miln.25),either 5 of the 6 abhiṭhānas (q.v.) or (usually) murder,theft,impurity,lying,intemperance (the 5 sīlas) cp.Dhs.trsl.267.<i>°indriyāni</i> 5 faculties,viz.saddhā,viriya,sati,samādhi,paññā (see indriya B.15--19).°vidhaṃ (rāja-) <i>kakudhabhaṇḍaṃ</i>,insignia regis viz.vāḷavījanī,uṇhīsa,khagga,chatta,pādukā.<i>°kalyāṇāni</i>,beauty-marks:kesa°,maṃsa°,aṭṭhi°,chavi°,vaya°.<i>°kāmaguṇā</i> pleasures of the 5 senses (=taggocarāni pañc’āyatanāni gahitāni honti SnA 211).<i>°gorasā</i> 5 products of the cow:khīra,dadhi,takka,navanīta,sappi.<i>°cakkhūni</i>,sorts of vision (of a Buddha):maṃsa° dibba° paññā° buddha° samanta°.<i>°taṇhā</i> cravings,specified in 4 sets of 5 each:see Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<sup>v</sup>.<i>°nikāyā</i> 5 collections (of Suttantas) in the Buddh.Canon,viz.Dīgha° Majjhima° Saṃyutta°,Aṅguttara° Khuddaka°,e.g.Vin.II,287.<i>°nīvaraṇāni</i> or obstacles:kāmacchanda,abhijjhā-vyāpāda,thīnamiddha,uddhacca-kukkucca,vicikicchā.<i>°patiṭṭhitaṃ</i> 5 fold prostration or veneration,viz.with forehead,waist,elbows,knees,feet (Childers) in phrase <i>°ena vandati</i> (sometimes °ṃ vandati,e.g.SnA 78,267) J.V,502; SnA 267,271,293,328,436; VvA.6; DhA.I,197; IV,178,etc.<i>°bandhana</i> either 5 ways of binding or pinioning or 5 fold bondage J.IV,3 (as “ure pañcaṅgika-bandhanaṃ” cp.kaṇṭhe pañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā S.IV,201); Nd<sup>a</sup> 304<SUP>III,B2</SUP> (rājā bandhāpeti andhu-bandhanena vā rajju°,saṅkhalika°,latā°,parikkhepa°),with which cp.Śikṣāsamucc.165:rājñā pañcapāśakena bandhanena baddhaḥ.-- There is a diff.kind of bandhana which has nothing to do with binding,but which is the 5 fold ordeal (obligation:pañcavidhabandhana-kāraṇaṃ) in Niraya,and consists of the piercing of a red hot iron stake through both hands,both feet and the chest; it is a sort of crucifixion.We may conjecture that this “bandhana” is a corruption of “vaddhana” (of <i>vyadh</i>,or viddhana?),and that the expression originally was pañcaviddhana-kāraṇa (instead of pañca-vidha-bandhana-k°).See passages under bandhana &#38; cp.M.III,182; A.I,141; Kvu 597; SnA 479.<i>°balāni</i> 5 forces:saddhā° viriya° sati° samādhi° paññā° D.II,120; M.II,12; S.III,96; A.III,12 (see also bala).<i>°bhojanāni</i> 5 kinds of food:odāna,kummāsa,sattu,maccha,maṃsa Vin.IV,176.<i>°macchariyāni</i> 5 kinds of selfishness:āvāsa° kula° lābha° vaṇṇa° dhamma°.°rajāni defilements:rūpa°,sadda° etc.(of the 5 senses) Nd<sup>1</sup> 505; SnA 574.<i>°vaṇṇā</i> 5 colours (see ref.for colours under pīta and others),viz.nīla,pītaka,lohitaka,kaṇha,odāta (of B’s eye) Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<SUP>Q</SUP>; others with ref.to paduma-puṇḍarīka VvA.41; to paduma DhA.III,443; to kusumāni DA.I,140; DhA.IV,203.°vaṇṇa in another meaning (fivefold) in connection with pīti (q.v.).<i>°saṃyojanāni</i> fetters (q.v.).<i>°saṅgā</i> impurities,viz.rāga,dosa,moha,māna,diṭṭhi (cp.taṇhā) DhA.IV,109.<i>°sīla</i> the 5 moral precepts,as sub-division of the 10 (see dasasīla and Nd<sup>2</sup> under sīla on p.277).<br><br> 4.Other (not detailed) passages with 5:Sn.660 (abbudāni),677 (nahutāni koṭiyo pañca); Th.2,503 (°kaṭuka=pañcakāmaguṇa-rasa ThA.291); DhA.II,25 (°mahānidhi); SnA 39 (°pakāra-gomaṇḍala-puṇṇabhāva).Cp.further:<i>guṇā</i> Miln.249; <i>paṇṇāni</i> Vin.I,201 (nimba°,kuṭaja°,paṭola°,sulasi°,kappāsika°); <i>Paṇḍu-rāja-puttā</i> J.V,426; <i>pabbagaṇṭhiyo</i> Miln.103; <i>pucchā</i> DhsA.55; mahā-<i>pariccāgā</i> DhA.III,441; mahā-<i>vilokanāni</i> DhA.I,84; <i>vatthūni</i> Vin.II,196 sq.; <i>vāhanāni</i> (of King Pajjota) DhA.I,196; <i>suddhāvāsā</i> Dhs.A 14.In general see Vin.V,128--133 (var.sets of 5).<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> five (bad) qualities (see aṅga 3 and above 3),in phrase <i>vippahīna</i> free from the 5 sins D.III,269; Nd<sup>2</sup> 284 C; cp.BSk.pañcāṅga-viprahīna.Ep.of the Buddha Divy 95,264 &#38; <i>°samannāgata</i> endowed with the 5 good qualities A.V,15 (of senāsana,expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.122):see also above.<i>--aṅgika</i> consisting of 5 parts,fivefold,in foll.comb<sup>ns</sup>:°jhāna (viz.vitakka,vicāra,pīti,sukha,cittass’ekaggatā) Dhs.83; °turiya orchestra S.I,131; Th.1,398; 2,139; Vv 36<sup>4</sup>; DhA.I,274,394; °bandhana bond J.IV,3.<i>--aṅgula</i>=°aṅgulika J.IV,153 (gandha°); SnA 39 (usabhaṃ nahāpetvā bhojetvā °ṃ datvā mālaṃ bandhitvā).<i>--aṅgulika</i> (also °aka) the 5 finger-mark,palm-mark,the magic mark of the spread hand with the fingers extended (made after the hand &#38; 5 fingers have been immersed in some liquid,preferably a solution of sandal wood,gandha; but also blood).See Vogel,the 5 finger-token in Pāli Literature,Amsterdam Akademie 1919 (with plates showing ornaments on Bharhut Tope),cp.also J.P.T,S.1884,84 sq.It is supposed to provide magical protection (esp.against the Evil Eye).Vin.II,123 (cp.Vin.Texts II.116); J.I,166,192; II,104 (gandha °ṃ deti),256 (gandhaā,appl<sup>d</sup> to a cetiya); III,23,160 (lohita°); Vv 33<sup>18</sup> (gandha°ṃ adāsiṃ Kassapassa thūpasmiṃ); Mhvs 32,4 (see trsl.p.220); DhA.III,374 (goṇānaṃ gandha-°āni datvā); SnA 137 (setamālāhi sabba-gandha-sugandhehi p°akehi ca alaṅkatā paripuṇṇa-aṅgapaccaṅgā,of oxen).Cp.MVastu I.269 (stūpeṣu pañcaṅgulāni; see note on p.579).Quotations of similar use in brahmanical literature see at Vogel p.6 sq.<i>--āvudha</i> (āyudha) set of 5 weapons (sword,spear,bow,battle-axe,shield,after Childers) Miln.339 (see Miln.trsl.II.227),cp.p° sannaddha J.III,436,467; IV,283,437; V,431; VI,75; sannaddha-p° J.IV,160 (of sailors).They seem to be different ones at diff.passages.<i>--âhaṃ</i> 5 days Vin.IV,281; J.II,114.<i>--cūḷaka</i> with 5 topknots J.V,250 (of a boy).<i>--nakha</i> with 5 claws,N.of a five-toed animal J.V,489 (so read for pañca na khā,misunderstood by C.).<i>--paṭṭhika</i> at Vin.II,117,121,152; is not clear (v.l.paṭika).Vin.Texts III,97 trsl.“cupboards” and connect it with Sk.paṭṭikā,as celapattikaṃ Vin.II,128 undoubtedly is (“strip of cloth laid down for ceremonial purposes,” trsl.III,128).It also occurs at Vin.IV,47.<i>--patikā</i> (f.) having had 5 husbands J.V,424,427.<i>--mālin</i> of a wild animal J.VI,497 (=pancaṅgika-turiya-saddo viya C.,not clear).<i>--māsakamattaṃ</i> a sum of 5 māsakas DhA.II,29.<i>--vaggiya</i> (or °ika SnA 198) belonging to a group of five.The 5 brahmins who accompanied Gotama when he became an ascetic are called p.bhikkhū.Their names are Aññākondañña,Bhaddiya,Vappa,Assaji,Mahānāma.M.I,170; II,94; S.III,66; PvA.21 (°e ādiṃ katvā); SnA 351; cp.chabbaggiya.<i>--vidha</i> fivefold J.I,204 (°ā abhirakkhā); VI,341 (°paduma),°bandhana:see this.<i>--sādhāraṇa-bhāva</i> fivefold connection J.IV,7.<i>--seṭṭha</i> (Bhagavā) “the most excellent in the five” Sn.355 (=pañcannaṃ paṭhamasissānaṃ pañcavaggiyānaṃ seṭṭho,pañcahi vā saddhādīhi indriyehi sīlādīhi vā dhamma-khandhehi ativisiṭṭhehi cakkhūhi ca seṭṭho SnA 351).<i>--hattha</i> having 5 hands J.V,431.(Page 387),5,1
  8771. 334107,en,15,pancadha,pañcadhā,Pañcadhā,Pañcadhā,(adv.) in five ways,fivefold DhsA.351.(Page 389),8,1
  8772. 334355,en,15,pancaka,pañcaka,Pañcaka,Pañcaka,(adj.) [fr.pañca] fivefold,consisting of five J.I,116 (°kammaṭṭhāna); Dhs.chapters 167--175 (°naya fivefold system of jhāna,cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 52); SnA 318 (°nipāta of Aṅguttara).-- nt.<i>pañcakaṃ</i> a pentad,five Vin.I,255 (the 5 parts of the kaṭhina robe,see Vin.Texts II.155),cp.p.287; pl.<i>pañcakā</i> sets of five Vism.242.The 32 ākāras or constituents of the human body are divided into 4 <i>pañcaka’s</i> (i.e.sets of 5 more closely related parts),viz.<i>taca°</i> “skin-pentad,” the 5 dermatoid constituents:kesā,lomā,nakhā,dantā,taco; <i>vakka°</i> the next five,ending with the kidneys; <i>papphāsa°</i> id.ending with the lungs &#38; comprising the inner organs proper; <i>matthaluṅga°</i> id.ending with the brain,and 2 chakka’s (sets of 6),viz.<i>meda° </i>&<i> mutta°</i>.See e.g.VbhA.249,258.(Page 389),7,1
  8773. 334621,en,15,pancakkhattum,pañcakkhattuṃ,Pañcakkhattuṃ,Pañcakkhattuṃ,(adv.) five times.(Page 389),13,1
  8774. 334716,en,15,pancama,pañcama,Pañcama,Pañcama,(adj.) [compar.-superl.formation fr.pañca,with °ma as in Lat.supremus,for the usual °to as in Gr.pέmptos,Lat.quintus,also Sk.pañcathaḥ] num.ord.the fifth D.I,88; Sn.84,99,101; VvA.102; PvA.52 (°e māse in the 5<sup>th</sup> month the Petī has to die); DhA.III,195 (°e sattāhe in the 5<sup>th</sup> week).-- f.<i>pañcamā</i> PvA.78 (ito °āya jātiyā) and <i>pañcamī</i> Sn.437 (senā); PvA.79 (jāti).(Page 389),7,1
  8775. 334762,en,15,pancamaka,pañcamaka,Pañcamaka,Pañcamaka,(adj.)=pañcama J.I,55.(Page 389),9,1
  8776. 335424,en,15,pancaso,pañcaso,Pañcaso,Pañcaso,(adv.) by fives.(Page 389),7,1
  8777. 335928,en,15,panda,paṇḍa,Paṇḍa,Paṇḍa,see bhaṇḍati.(Page 404),5,1
  8778. 335938,en,15,pandaka,paṇḍaka,Paṇḍaka,Paṇḍaka,[cp late (dial.) Sk.paṇḍa &#38; paṇḍaka; for etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under pello] a eunuch,weakling Vin.I,86,135,168,320; IV,20,269; A.III,128; V,71; Sdhp.79.-- With ref.to the female sex as paṇḍikā at Vin.II,271 (itthi°).(Page 404),7,1
  8779. 335983,en,15,pandara,paṇḍara,Paṇḍara,Paṇḍara,(adj) [Ved.pāṇḍara; cp.paṇḍu,q.v.for etym.] white,pale,yellowish J.II,365; V,340; Nd<sup>1</sup> 3; Dhs.6= Vbh.88 (Dhs.trsl.“that which is clear”? in def.of citta &#38; mano) Dhs.17,293,597; Miln.226; DhA.IV,8; VvA.40; PvA.56 (=seta); Sdhp.430.(Page 404),7,1
  8780. 336090,en,15,pandicca,paṇḍicca,Paṇḍicca,Paṇḍicca,(nt.) [fr.paṇḍita] erudition,cleverness,skill,wisdom J.I,383; Ps.II,185; Pug.25; Dhs.16 (=paṇḍitassa bhāvo DhsA.147),292,555.As <i>pandicciya</i> J.VI,4.(Page 404),8,1
  8781. 336109,en,15,pandita,paṇḍita,Paṇḍita,Paṇḍita,(adj.) [cp.Ved.paṇḍita] wise,clever,skilled,circumspect,intelligent Vin.II,190 (+buddhimanto); D.I,12 (°vedaniya comprehensible only by the wise),120 (opp.duppañña); III,192; M.I,342; III,61,163,178; S.IV,375 (+viyatta medhāvin); V,151 (+vyatta kusala); A.I,59,68,84,101 sq.,162 (paṇḍitā nibbānaṃ adhigacchanti); II,3 sq.,118,178,228; III,48=It.16; Sn.115,254,335,523,721,820,1007,1125 (Ep.of Jatukaṇṇī); It.86; Dh.22,28,63 (°mānin),79,88,157,186,238,289; J.III,52 (sasa°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 124; Pv IV.3<sup>32</sup> (opp.bāla; =sappañña PvA.254); Dhs.1302; Miln.3,22; DA.I,117; DhA.IV,111; VvA.257; PvA.39,41,60 (=pañña),93,99.(Page 404),7,1
  8782. 336174,en,15,panditaka,paṇḍitaka,Paṇḍitaka,Paṇḍitaka,(adj.) [paṇḍita+ka] a pedant D.I,107.(Page 404),9,1
  8783. 336319,en,15,pandu,paṇḍu,Paṇḍu,Paṇḍu,(adj.) [cp.Ved.pāṇḍu,palita,pāṭala (pale-red); Gr.pelitnόs,pellόs,poλios (grey); Lat.palleo (to be pale),pullus (grey); Lith.patvas (pale-yellow),pilkas (grey); Ohg.falo (pale,yellowish,withered); E.pale] pale-red or yellow,reddish,light yellow,grey; only at Th.2,79 (kisā paṇḍu vivaṇṇā),where paṇḍu represents the usual <i>up-paṇḍ’--uppaṇḍuka-jātā:</i> “thin,pale and colourless” see ThA.80).Otherwise only in cpds.,e.g.<br><br> <i>--kambala</i> a light red blanket,orange-coloured cloth S.I,64 (=ratta-kambala C.); A.I,181; Sn.689 (=ratta SnA 487); also a kind of ornamental stone,Sakka’s throne (p.-k.-silā) is made of it J.I,330; II,93; II,53,(°silāsana); V,92 (id.); Pv.II,9<sup>60</sup> (°silā=p.-k-nāmaka sīlāsana PvA.138); VvA.110 (id.); KhA 122 (°varāsana); DhA.I,17 (°silāsana).<i>--palāsa</i> a withered leaf Vin.I,96=III,47; IV,217; Dh.233,VbhA.244; KhA 62; on °palāsika (DA.I,270) see J.P.T.S.1893,37.<i>--mattikā</i> yellow loam,clay soil KhA.59.<i>--roga</i> jaundice Vin.I,206 (°ābādha) 276 (id.); J.I,431; II,102; DhA.I,25.<i>--rogin</i> suffering from jaundice J.II,285; III,401.<i>--vīṇā</i> yellow flute (of Pañcasikha):see <i>beluva</i>.<i> --sīha</i> yellow lion,one of the 4 kinds SnA 125 (cp.Manor.-pūr.on A.II,33).<i>--sutta</i> orange-coloured string D.I,76.(Page 404),5,1
  8784. 336334,en,15,panduka,paṇḍuka,Paṇḍuka,Paṇḍuka,(-roga) perhaps to be read with v.l.at M.II,121 for <i>bandhuka°</i>.(Page 404),7,1
  8785. 336476,en,15,paneti,paṇeti,Paṇeti,Paṇeti,[pa+<em>nī</em>] to lead on to,bring out,adduce,apply,fig.decree (a fine or punishment),only used in phrase <i>daṇḍaṃ paṇeti</i> to give a punishment D.II,339=Miln.110; M.II,88; Dh.310; J.II,207; III,441; IV,192; Miln.29; DhA.III,482.-- pp.<i>paṇīta</i> (q.v.).(Page 404),6,1
  8786. 336492,en,15,panga,paṅga,Paṅga,Paṅga,[?] only in cpd.<i>paṅgacīra</i> (nt.) at D.I,6 “blowing through toy pipes made of leaves” (Dial.I.10,where is cpd.Sinhalese pat-kulal and Marathī pungī after Morris J.P.T.S.1889,205).Bdhgh expl<sup>ns</sup> as “p.vuccati paṇṇa-nāḷikā; taṃ dhamantā kīḷanti” DA.I,86.(Page 382),5,1
  8787. 336506,en,15,pangu,paṅgu,Paṅgu,Paṅgu,(adj.) [Sk.paṅgu; etym.?] lame,crippled,see pakkha<sup>3</sup> and next.(Page 382),5,1
  8788. 336515,en,15,pangula,paṅgula,Paṅgula,Paṅgula,(adj.) [fr.paṅgu] lame J.VI,12; Vism.280.(Page 382),7,1
  8789. 336537,en,15,panha,pañha,Pañha,Pañha,[Ved.praśna,for details of etym.see pucchati] mode of asking,inquiry,investigation,question D.I,11 (deva°) M.I,83; III,30; A.I,103,288; III,81,191 sq.,419 sq.; V,50 sq.; Sn.512,957,1005,1024,1148 etc.,Nd<sup>1</sup> 464; Miln.28,340; DA.I,97.pañhaṃ pucchati to ask a question Nd<sup>2</sup> under pucchā (q.v.).<br><br> <i>--paṭibhāna</i> an answer to a question M.I,83; Miln.28.<i>--vīmaṃsaka</i> one who tests a question Sn.827; Nd<sup>1</sup> 166; SnA 538.<i>--vyākaraṇa</i> mode of answering questions,of which there are 4,viz.ekaṃsa “direct,” vibhajja “qualified,” paṭipucchā “after further questioning,” ṭhapanīya “not to be answered or left undecided,” thus enum<sup>d</sup> at D.III,229; A.I,197 sq.; II,46; Miln.339.(Page 391),5,1
  8790. 336755,en,15,panhi,paṇhi,Paṇhi,Paṇhi,(m. &#38; f.) [Ved.pārṣṇi,Av.paṣṇā,Lat.perna,Gr.ptέrna,Goth.fairzna,Ohg.fersana=Ger.ferse] the heel Vin.II,280 (°samphassa); J.II,240; V,145; Sdhp.147,153.See next.(Page 405),5,1
  8791. 336769,en,15,panhika,paṇhikā,Paṇhikā,Paṇhikā,(f.) [fr.paṇhi] the heel J.I,491; KhA 49 (°aṭṭhi); Vism.253 (id.); PvA.185.(Page 405),7,1
  8792. 336791,en,15,panhin,paṇhin,Paṇhin,Paṇhin,(adj.) [fr.paṇhi] having heels D.II,17 (āyata° having projecting heels,the 3<sup>rd</sup> of the 32 characteristics of a Mahāpurisa).(Page 405),6,1
  8793. 336823,en,15,pani,pāṇi,Pāṇi,Pāṇi,[Vedic pāṇi,cp.Av.p∂r∂nā hand,with n-suffix,where we find m-suffix in Gr.palάmh,Lat.palma,Oir lām,Ohg.folma=Ags.folm] the hand Vin.III,14 (pāṇinā paripuñchati); M.I,78 (pāṇinā parimajjati); S.I,178,194; Sn.713; Dh.124; J.I,126 (°ṃ paharati); PugA 249 (id.); PvA.56; Sdhp.147,238.As adj.(-°) “handed,” with a hand,e.g.<i>alla°</i> with clean hand Pv.II,9<sup>9</sup>; <i>payata°</i> with outstretched hand,open-handed,liberal S.V,351; A.III,287; IV,266 sq.; V,331.<br><br> <i>--tala</i> the palm of the hand D.II,17.<i>--bhāga</i> handshare,division by hands VvA.96.<i>--matta</i> of the size of a hand,a handful PvA.70,116,119.<i>--ssara</i> hand sound,hand music,a cert.kind of musical instrument D.I,6; III,183; DA.I,84 (cp.Dial I.8),231; J.V,390,506; cp.BSk.pāṇisvara MVastu II.52.Also adj.one who plays this instrument J.VI,276; cp.BSk.pāṇisvarika MVastu III,113.(Page 451),4,1
  8794. 336847,en,15,panidahati,paṇidahati,Paṇidahati,Paṇidahati,[pa+ni+<em>dhā</em>] to put forth,put down to,apply,direct,intend; aspire to,long for,pray for S.V,156 (atthāya cittaṃ paṇidahiṃ).ger.<i>paṇidhāya</i> S.I,42=Sn.660 (vācaṃ manañ ca pāpakaṃ); S.I,170 (ujuṃ kāyaṃ); A.III,249 (deva-nikāyaṃ p.); IV,461 sq.(id.); Vbh.244 (ujuṃ kāyaṃ p.)=DA.I,210.Also lit.(as prep with Acc.) “in the direction of,towards” M.I,74 (aṅgārā-kāsuṃ).-- pp.<i>paṇihita</i> (q.v.).(Page 403),10,1
  8795. 336875,en,15,panidhana,paṇidhāna,Paṇidhāna,Paṇidhāna,(nt.) [fr.paṇidahati; cp.philosophical literature &#38; BSk.praṇidhāna] aspiration,longing,prayer VvA.270; Sdhp.344.(Page 403),9,1
  8796. 336912,en,15,panidhi,paṇidhi,Paṇidhi,Paṇidhi,(f.) [fr.paṇidahati; cp.BSk.praṇidhi Divy 102,134,in same meaning.The usual Sk.meaning is “spy”] aspiration,request,prayer,resolve D.III,29,276; S.II,99,154; III,256 (ceto°); IV,303; A.II,32; IV,239 sq.(ceto°); V,212 sq.; Sn.801; Vv 47<sup>12</sup>; Nd<sup>1</sup> 109; Dhs.1059,1126; SnA 132 (=paṇidhāna); DhA.II,172; DhsA.222 (rāga-dosa-moha°).<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> (in deva cult) payment of a vow D.I,12,cp.DA.I,97 (which Kern,however,Toev.s.v.,interprets as “application of an enema,” comparing Sk.pranidheya to be injected as a clyster).(Page 403),7,1
  8797. 336939,en,15,panigghosa,panigghosa,Panigghosa,Panigghosa,in cpd.<i>appanigghosa</i> is wrongly registered as such in A Index (for A.IV,88); it is to be separated appa + nigghosa (see nigghosa).(Page 411),10,1
  8798. 336948,en,15,panihita,paṇihita,Paṇihita,Paṇihita,[pp.of paṇidahati] applied,directed,intent,bent on,well directed,controlled S.IV,309 (dup°); A.I,8; V,87; Dh.43; (sammā °ṃ cittaṃ); Sn.154 (su° mano= suṭṭhu ṭhapito acalo SnA 200); Ps.II,41 (vimokkha); Miln.204,333; 413.--<i>appaṇihita</i> in connection with samādhi &#38; vimokkha seems to mean “free from all longings,” see Vin.III,93=IV.25; S.IV,295,309,360; Ps.II,43 sq.,100; Miln.337.(Page 403),8,1
  8799. 336971,en,15,panika,pāṇikā,Pāṇikā,Pāṇikā,(f.) [fr.pāṇi; Sk.*pāṇikā] a sort of spoon Vin.II,151.Cp.puthu-pāṇikā (°pāṇiyā?) Vin.II,106.(Page 451),6,1
  8800. 336982,en,15,panin,pāṇin,Pāṇin,Pāṇin,(adj.-n.) [fr.pāṇa] having life,a living being S.I,210,226,Sn.220 (Acc.pl.pāṇine,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 95<sup>2</sup>),587 (id.),201,575; PvA.287; DhA.II,19.(Page 451),5,1
  8801. 336993,en,15,panipata,paṇipāta,Paṇipāta,Paṇipāta,[fr.pa+ni+<em>pat</em>] prostration,adoration Dāvs.V,53.(Page 403),8,1
  8802. 337019,en,15,panipatati,paṇipatati,Paṇipatati,Paṇipatati,[pa+ni+<em>pat</em>] to fall down before Th.1,375.(Page 403),10,1
  8803. 337022,en,15,panipatika,paṇipātika,Paṇipātika,Paṇipātika,(adj.) [fr.paṇipāta] consisting of a footfall,humbling or humble,devotional SnA 157.(Page 403),10,1
  8804. 337041,en,15,panita,paṇīta,Paṇīta,Paṇīta,(adj.) [pp.of pa+neti in same application BSk.; cp.Divy 385] 1.(lit.) brought out or to,applied,executed; used with ref.to punishment (see paṇeti daṇḍaṃ) Pv IV.1<sup>66</sup> (°daṇḍa receiving punishment= ṭhapita-sarīra-daṇḍa PvA.242).-- 2.(appl<sup>d</sup>) brought out or forth,(made) high,raised,exalted,lofty,excellent; with ref.to food (very often used in this sense) “heaped up,plentiful,abundant.” Synonymous with uttama (DA.I,109,171),uḷāra (PvA.25,228),atuḷa (PvA.110); opp.hīna (D.III,215; A.III,349; V,140; Vism.11),lūkha (S.II,153; VvA.64).-- D.I,12 (dhammā gambhīrā ...paṇītā ...),109 (khādaniya); II,127 (id.) III,215 (with hīna &#38; majjhima-dhātu); S.I,136 (dhammo gambhīro etc.); II,153 (dhātu),154 (paṇidhi); III,47; IV,360; V,66 (dhammā),226 (etaṃ padaṃ),266 (sattā); A.I,284; II,171,190; IV,10,332,423; V,8,36 and passim; Sn.240,389; It.44; Pv.I,5<sup>3</sup>; IV,1<sup>27</sup>; Pug.28 (°âdhimutta having high aspirations),30,60; Dhs.269,1027,1411; PvA.12,35 (āhāra),42 (id.); DhA.II,154 (bhojana).Compar.paṇītatara,often comb<sup>d</sup> with abhikkantatara,e.g.D.I,62,74,216; S.I,80; A.I,119,171; V,37,140,203 sq.(Page 403),6,1
  8805. 337119,en,15,panitaka,paṇitaka,Paṇitaka,Paṇitaka,(adj.nt.) [fr.paṇita -- pp.of paṇati] staked,wagered,bet,wager,stake at play J.VI,192 (so read for paṇīta°).(Page 403),8,1
  8806. 337123,en,15,panitaka,paṇītaka,Paṇītaka,Paṇītaka,[perhaps=Sk.paṇita,or <em>paṇ</em> (see paṇa),as P.formation it may be taken as pa+nīta+ka,viz.that which has been produced] a gambler’s stake J.VI,192.See <i>paṇitaka</i>. <i>Paṇudati</i>,<i> Paṇunna</i> see <i>panudati</i> etc.(Page 404),8,1
  8807. 337190,en,15,paniya,paṇiya,Paṇiya,Paṇiya,(adj.) [ger.formation fr.<em>paṇ</em>,see paṇati &#38; cp.BSk.paṇya in tara-paṇya fare AvŚ I.148] to be sold or bought,vendible,nt.article of trade,ware A.II,199; Vv 84<sup>7</sup> (=bhaṇḍa VvA.337); J.IV,363 (=bhaṇḍa C.366).(Page 403),6,1
  8808. 337200,en,15,paniya,pānīya,Pānīya,Pānīya,(adj.nt.) [Vedic pānīya,fr.pāna] 1.drinkable S.II,111.-- 2.drink,be erage,usually water for drinking Vin.II,207; IV,263; J.I,198,450; III,491; V,106,382; Pv.I,107; II,119,710; PvA.4,5.A reduced form pāniya (cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 23) is also found,e.g.Vin.II,153; D.I,148; Pv.II,102. --ghata a pot for drinking water Vin.II,216; J.VI,76,85.--cāṭika drinking vessel DhA.IV,129.--cāṭī id.J.I,302.--ṭhālika drinking cup Vin.II,214; IV,263.--bhājana id.Vin.II,153.--maṇḍapa water reservoir (BSk.id.e.g.AvŚ II.86) Vin.II,153.--māḷaka (?) J.VI,85 (Hardy:Flacourtia cataphracta).--sālā a hall where drinking water is given Vin.II,153; PvA.102; cp.papā.(Page 453),6,1
  8809. 337244,en,15,panja,pañja,Pañja,Pañja,[is it to be puñja?] heap,pile A.II,75 (meaning different?); Cp.I.10<sup>16</sup>.(Page 389),5,1
  8810. 337250,en,15,panjali,pañjali,Pañjali,Pañjali,(adj.) [pa+añjali.Cp.Ep.Sk.prāñjali] with outstretched hands,as token of reverence Sn.1031; in cpd.<i>pañjalī-kata</i> (cp.añjalīkata; añjali+pp.of <em>kṛ</em>) raising one’s folded hands Sn.566,573; Th.1,460; J.VI,501.Cp.BSk.prāñjalīkṛta MV astu II.257,287,301.(Page 389),7,1
  8811. 337259,en,15,panjalika,pañjalika,Pañjalika,Pañjalika,(adj.) [fr.pañjali] holding up the clasped hands as token of respectful salutation S.I,226; Sn.485,598.(Page 389),9,1
  8812. 337272,en,15,panjara,pañjara,Pañjara,Pañjara,(m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.pañjara,which probably belongs to Lat.pango,q.v.Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.] a cage,J.I,436; II,141; III,305 (sīha°); IV,213; V,232 (sīha),365; VI,385 (sīha°),391; Miln.23 (°antaragata gone into the c.); 27; DhA.I,164 (nakha°),where meaning is “frame”; VbhA.238; +sīha° meaning window.(Page 389),7,1
  8813. 337293,en,15,panjasa,pañjasa,Pañjasa,Pañjasa,(adj.) [pa+añjasa] in the right order,straight A.II,15.(Page 389),7,1
  8814. 337305,en,15,panka,paṅka,Paṅka,Paṅka,[cp.Epic Sk.paṅka,with k suffix to root *pene for *pele,as in Lat.palus; cp.Goth.fani mire,excrements,Ohg,fenna “fen,” bog; also Ital.fango mud,Ohg.fūht wet.See Walde Lat.Wtb.under palus.BSk.paṅka,e.g.Jtm 215 paṅka-nimagna] mud,mire; defilement,impurity S.I,35,60; III,118; A.III,311; IV,289; Sn.970 (°danta rajassira with dirt between their teeth and dust on their heads,from travelling); III,236 (id.); IV,362 (id.); Sn.535,845,945,1145 (Nd<sup>2</sup> 374:kāma-paṅko kāma-kaddamo etc.); Dh.141,327; Nd<sup>1</sup> 203; Pv III,3<sup>3</sup>; IV,3<sup>2</sup>; Miln.346; Dhs.1059,1136.(Page 382),5,1
  8815. 337369,en,15,panna,pañña,Pañña,Pañña,(-°) (adj.) [the adj.form of paññā] of wisdom,endowed with knowledge or insight,possessed of the highest cognition,in foll.cpds.:anissaraṇa° D.I,245; S.II,194; IV,332; anoma° Sn.343; appa° S.I,198; J.II,166; III,223,263; avakujja° A.I,130; gambhīra° S.I,190; javana° S.I,63; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235; tikkha°; dup° D.III,252,282; S.I,78,191; II,159 sq.; M.III,25; A.II,187 sq.; Dh.111,140; Pug.13; DhA.II,255; nibbedhika° S.I,63; A.II,178; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235; puṭhu° ibid.; bhāvita° S.IV,111; A.V,42 sq.; bhūri° S.III,143; IV,205; manda° VbhA.239; mahā° S.I,63,121; II,155; A.I,23,25; II,178 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235; SnA 347; sap° S.I,13,22,212; IV,210; A.IV,245; Pv I 8<sup>8</sup>; 11<sup>5</sup>; PvA.60 (=paṇḍita),131 (+buddhimant); suvimutta° A.V,29 sq.; hāsa° S.I,63,191; V,376; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235.By itself (i.e.not in cpd.) only at Dh.208 (=lokiyalokuttara-paññāya sampanna DhA.III,172) and 375 (=paṇḍita DhA.IV,111).(Page 389),5,1
  8816. 337384,en,15,panna,paññā,Paññā,Paññā,(f.) [cp.Vedic prajñā,pa+<em>jñā</em>] intelligence,comprising all the higher faculties of cognition,“intellect as conversant with general truths” (Dial.II.68),reason,wisdom,insight,knowledge,recognition.See on term Mrs.Rh.D.“Buddhism” (1914) pp.94,130,201; also Cpd.40,41,102 and discussion of term at Dhs.trsl.17,339,cp.scholastic definition with all the synonyms of intellectual attainment at Nd<sup>2</sup> 380=Dhs.16 (paññā pajānanā vicayo etc.).As tt.in Buddhist Psych.Ethics it comprises the highest and last stage as 3rd division in the standard “Code of religious practice” which leads to Arahantship or Final Emancipation.These 3 stages are:(1) sīla-kkhandha (or °sampadā),code of moral duties; (2) samādhi-kkhandha (or cittasampadā) code of emotional duties or practice of con centration &#38; meditation; (3) paññā-kkhandha (or °sampadā) code of intellectual duties or practice of the attainment of highest knowledge.(See also jhāna<sup>1</sup>.) They are referred to in almost every Suttanta of Dīgha 1.(given in extenso at D.I,62--85) and frequently mentioned elsewhere,cp.D.II,81,84,91 (see khandha,citta &#38; sīla).-- D.I,26=162 (°gatena caranti diṭṭhigatāni),174 (°vāda),195 (°pāripūrin); II,122 (ariyā); III,101,158,164,183,230,237,242,284 sq.; S.I,13=165 (sīla,citta,paññā),17,34,55; II,185 (sammā°),277; V,222 (ariyā); M.I,144 (id.); III,99 (id.),245 (paramā),272 (sammā°); A.I,61,216; II,1 (ariyā); IV,105 (id.); III,106 (sīla,citta,p.),352 (kusalesu dhammesu); IV,11 (id.); V,123 sq.; It.35,40 (°uttara),51 (sīla~samādhi p.ca),112 (ariyā°); Sn.77,329,432,881,1036 and passim; Dh.38,152,372; Nd<sup>1</sup> 77; Nd<sup>2</sup> 380; Ps.I,53,64 sq.,71 sq.,102 sq.,119; II,150 sq.,162,185 sq.; Pug.25,35,54 (°sampadā); Dhs.16,20,555; Nett 8,15,17,28,54,191; VbhA.140,396; PvA.40 (paññāya abhāvato for lack of reason); Sdhp.343.On <i>paññāya</i> see sep.article.See also adhipanna (adhisīla,adhicitta+).<br><br> <i>--âdhipateyya</i> the supremacy of wisdom A.II,137.<i>--indriya</i> the faculty of reason (with sati° &#38; samādhi°) D.III,239,278; Dhs.16,20 etc.; Nett.7,15 sq; 191.<i>--obhāsa</i> the lustre of wisdom Ps.I,119; Dhs.16,20 etc.<i>--kkhandha</i> the code of cognition (see above) Vin.I,62; D.III,229,279; It.51; Nd<sup>1</sup> 21; Nett 70,90,128.It is always comb<sup>d</sup> with sīla° &#38; samādhi-kkhandha.<i>--cakkhu</i> the eye of wisdom (one of the 5 kinds of extraordinary sight of a Buddha:see under cakkhumant) D.III,219; S.V,467; It.52; Nd<sup>1</sup> 354; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235.<i>--dada</i> giving or bestowing wisdom S.I,33; Sn.177.<i>--dhana</i> the treasure of perfect knowledge (one of the 7 treasures,see dhana) D.III,163,251; A.III,53; VvA.113.<i>--nirodhika</i> tending to the destruction of reason S.V,97; It.82.<i>--paṭilābha</i> acquisition of wisdom S.V,411; A.I,45; Ps.II,189.<i>--pāsāda</i> the stronghold of supreme knowledge Dh.28 (=dibba-cakkhuṃ saṅkhātaṃ °ṃ).<i>--bala</i> the power of reason or insight,one of the 5 powers D.III,229,253; M.III,72; A.IV,363; Sn.212; Dhs.16,20 etc.; Nett 54,191; VvA.7.<i>--bāhulla</i> wealth or plenty of wisdom S.V,411; A.I,45.<i>--bhūmi</i> ground or stage of wisdom; a name given to the Paṭicca-samuppāda by Bdhgh at Vism.XVII,pp.517 sq.(°niddesa).<i>--ratana</i> the gem of reason or knowledge Dhs.16,20 etc.<i>--vimutta</i> freed by reason D.II,70; III,105,254; M.I,35,477; A.I,61; II,6; IV,452; Sn.847; Nd<sup>1</sup> 207; Kvu 58; Nett 199.<i>--vimutti</i> emancipation through insight or knowledge (always paired with ceto-vimutti) D.I,156,167; III,78,102,108,132,281; It.75,91; Sn.725,727; Nett 7,40,81,127; DA.I,313; VbhA.464.<i>--visuddhi</i> purity of insight D.III,288.<i>--vuddhi</i> increase of knowledge S.V,97,411; A.I,15,45; II,245.<i>--sampadā</i> the blessing of higher knowledge (see above) A.I,62; II,66; III,12 sq.,182 sq.; IV,284,322.<i>--sīla</i> conduct and (higher) intelligence Dh.229 (°samāhita=lokuttarapaññāya c’eva pārisuddhisīlena ca samannāgata DhA.III,329); Vv 34<sup>23</sup> id.=ariyāya diṭṭhiyā ariyena sīlena ca sāmannāgata VvA.155).Often used with yathābhūtaṃ q.v.Cp.paññāya.(Page 390),5,1
  8817. 337397,en,15,panna,paṇṇa,Paṇṇa,Paṇṇa,(nt.) [Ved.parṇa,cp.Ags.fearn,E.fern] 1.a leaf (esp.betel leaf) Vin.I,201 (5 kinds of leaves recommended for medicinal purposes,viz.<i>nimba°</i> Azadirachta Indica,<i>kuṭaja°</i> Wrightia antidysenterica,<i>paṭola°</i> Tricho‹-› Qanthes dioeca,<i>sulasi°</i> or tulasi° basil,<i>kappāsika°</i> cotton,see Vin.Texts II.46) A.I,183 (tiṇa+) Sn.811 (p.vuccati paduma-pattaṃ Nd<sup>1</sup> 135); J.I,167; II,105 (nimba)°; KhA 46 (khitta-p.-kosa-saṇṭhāna); PvA.115 (=patta) tālapaṇṇa a fan of palm leaves Vv 33<sup>43</sup> (=tālapattehi kata-maṇḍala-vījanī VvA.147); haritapaṇṇa greens,vegetable SnA 283; sūpeyyapaṇṇa curry leaf J.I,98.-- 2.a leaf for writing upon,written leaf,letter; donation,bequest (see below paṇṇākāra) J.I,409 (cp.paṭipaṇṇa); II,104; IV,151 (ucchaṅgato p.°ṃ nīharati); DhA.I,180; PvA.20 (likhā° written message).paṇṇaṃ āropeti to send a letter J.I,227; pahiṇati id.J.IV,145; V,458; peseti id.J.I,178; IV,169.paṇṇaṃ likhati to write a letter J.II,174; VI,369 (paṇṇe wrote on a leaf),385 iṇa° a promissory note J.I,230; IV,256.-- p.as ticket or label at DhsA.110.-- 3.a feather,wing see <i>su°</i>.<br><br> <i>--ākāra</i> “state or condition of writing” (see <i>ākāra</i> 1),i.e.object of writing; that which is connected or sent with a letter,a special message,donation,present,gift J.I,377; II,166; III,10; IV,316,368; VI,68,390; SnA 78; DhA .184 326,392,339:II.80; III,292 (dasavidha dibba°,viz.āyu etc.:see ṭhāna); IV,11.<i>--kuṭi</i> a hut of leaves D.III,94; S.I,226; J.II,44; Pv III,2<sup>20</sup>; DA.I,318.<i>--chatta</i> a fan of leaves J.II,277.<i>--chattaka</i> a leaf-awning S.I,90,92.<i>--dhāra</i> a holder made of leaves J.V,205.<i>--pacchi</i> leaf-basket,a b.for greens J.VI,369.<i>--puṭa</i> a palm-leaf basket PvA.168.<i>--saññā</i> a mark of leaves (tied up to mark the boundary of a field) J.I,153.<i>--santhāra</i> a spreading leaf,leaf cover,adj.spread with leaves A.I,136; J.VI,24.<i>--sālā</i> a hut of leaves,a hermitage J.I,6,7,138; II,101 sq.; VI,30,318 (nala-bhittikaṃ °ṃ katvā); VI,24.<i>--susa (</i>&<i> sosa)</i> drying the leaves (said of the wind) KhA 15.(Page 404),5,1
  8818. 337409,en,15,panna,panna,Panna,Panna,[pp.of pajjati but not satisfactorily expl<sup>d</sup> as such,for pajjati &#38; panna never occur by themselves,but only in cpds.like āpajjati,āpanna,upp°,upa°,sam°,etc.Besides,the word is only given in lexic.literature as pp.of pajjati,although a tendency prevails to regard it as pp.of patati.The meaning points more to the latter,but in form it cannot belong to <i>pat</i>.A more satisfactory expl<sup>n</sup> (in meaning and form) is to regard panna as pp.of pa+<i>nam</i>,with der.fr.short base.Thus <i>panna</i> would stand for panata (paṇata),as unna for unnata,ninna for ninnata,the double nn to be accounted for on analogy.The meaning would thus be “bent down,laid down,” as panna-ga= going bent,panna-dhaja=flag bent or laid down,etc.Perhaps patta of patta-kkhandha should belong here as panna°] fallen,gone,gone down; also:creeping,only in foll.cpds.:<br><br> <i>--ga</i> a snake Th.1,429 (°inda chief of snake-demons); J.V,166; Miln.23.<i>--gandha</i> with gone down (i.e.deteriorated) smell,ill-smelling,or having lost its smell J.V,198 (=thokaṃ duggandha C.).<i>--dhaja</i> one whose flag gone or is lost,i.e.whose fight is over (Ep.of the Buddha),cp.BSk.prapātito māna-dhvajaḥ Lal.V,448 (with derivation from <i>pat</i> instead of <i>pad</i>,cp.papātana) M.I,139 sq.,386; A.III,84 sq.; in eulogy on the Buddha (see exegesis to mahesi Nd<sup>1</sup> 343; Nd<sup>2</sup> 503) reference is made to mānadhaja (°papātanaṃ) which is opposed to dhamma-dhaja (-ussapana); thus we should explain as “one who has put down the flag of pride.” <i>--bhāra</i> one who has put down his burden,one whose load has gone,who is delivered or saved M.I,139; A.III,84; S.I,233; Dh.402 (=ohitakhandha-bhāra DhA.IV,168); Sn.626,914 (cp Nd<sup>1</sup> 334); Th.1,1021.<i>--bhūmi</i> state of one who has fallen DA.I,103 (opp.to jina-bhūmi,one of the 8 purisa-bhūmiyo.-- cp.D.I,54 &#38; Dial.I.72<sup>2</sup>).<i>--loma</i> one whose hairs have fallen or are put down (flat,i.e.do not stand erect in consequence of excitement),subdued,pacified (opp.haṭṭha loma) Vin.II,184 (cp.Vin.II,5 &#38; Bdhgh on p.309 lomaṃ pāteti,Bdhgh pādeti; also Vin.Texts II.339); III,266; M.I,450; J.I,377.Another form is <i>palloma</i> (q.v. &#38; cp.J.P.T.S.1889,206).See also remarks on parada-vutta.(Page 412),5,1
  8819. 337670,en,15,pannaka,paṇṇaka,Paṇṇaka,Paṇṇaka,[paṇṇa+ka] 1.green leaves (collectively),vegetable,greens J.VI,24 (kāra° vegetable as homage or oblation); Pv III,3<sup>3</sup> (paṅko paṇṇako ca,expl<sup>d</sup> as “kaddamo vā udakacchikkhalo vā” PvA.189,but evidently misunderstood for “withered leaves”); PvA.256 (tiṇakaṭṭha-paṇṇaka-sala,is reading correct?).-- 2.N.of a water plant,most likely a kind of fern (see Kern,Toev.II.16 q.v.).Often comb<sup>d</sup> with sevāla (Blyxa Octandra),e.g.at J.II,324; V,37.-- The spelling is also <i>paṇaka</i>,even more frequent than paṇṇaka and also comb<sup>d</sup> with sevāla,e.g.Vin.III,177 (in comb<sup>n</sup> saṅkha --sevāla°,where Bdhgh explains “saṅkho ti dīghamūlako paṇṇasevālo vuccati,sevālo ti nīlasevālo,avaseso udaka-pappaṭaka-nīla-bījak’ādi sabbo ‘ti paṇako ti saṅkhaṃ gacchati”); S.V,122; A.III,187,232,235; J.IV,71 (sevāla°); Miln.35 (saṅkha-sevāla-p.which the Manor-pūṛ expl<sup>ns</sup> by udaka-pappaṭaka,and also as “nīlamaṇḍūkapiṭṭhivaṇṇena udakapiṭṭhiṃ chādetvā nibattapaṇakaṃ” see Trenckner,Miln.421 and cp.Miln.trsl<sup>n</sup> I.302),210 (suvaṇṇa°),401 (cakkavāko sevāla paṇaka-bhakkho); KhA 61 (sevāla°; cp.Schubring’s kalpasūtra p.46 sq.).-- 3.(see paṇṇa 2) a written leaf,a ticket DhsA.110.(Page 404),7,1
  8820. 337675,en,15,pannaka,pannaka,Pannaka,Pannaka,(adj.) [fr.panna] silent (?) DA.I,163.(Page 412),7,1
  8821. 337800,en,15,pannana,paññāṇa,Paññāṇa,Paññāṇa,(nt.) [pa+ñāṇa,cp.Vedic prajñāno in both meanings &#38; paññā] 1.wisdom,knowledge,intelligence D.I,124 (sīla+); S.I,41; A.IV,342; Sn.96,1136; DA.I,171,290.-- 2.mark,sign,token J.V,195.(Page 390),7,1
  8822. 337821,en,15,pannanavant,paññāṇavant,Paññāṇavant,Paññāṇavant,(adj.) [paññāṇa+vant] reasonable,sensible,wise Sn.202,1090; J.V,222; VI,361; Nd<sup>2</sup> 382.(Page 390),11,1
  8823. 337921,en,15,pannapaka,paññāpaka,Paññāpaka,Paññāpaka,(adj.n.) [fr.paññāpeti] one who advises,assigns or appoints Vin.II,305 (āsana°).(Page 390),9,1
  8824. 337952,en,15,pannapana,paññāpana,Paññāpana,Paññāpana,(nt.) [fr.paññāpeti] disclosure,discovering M.III,17; S.III,59; declaration DhsA.11.(Page 390),9,1
  8825. 338172,en,15,pannapetar,paññāpetar,Paññāpetar,Paññāpetar,[n.ag.of paññāpeti] one who imparts knowledge,discloser of truths,discoverer D.II,223.(Page 390),10,1
  8826. 338189,en,15,pannapeti,paññāpeti,Paññāpeti,Paññāpeti,[Caus.of pajānāti] 1.to make known,declare,point out,appoint,assign,recognise,define D.I,119 (brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ),180,185,237; It.98 (tevijjaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ),Pug.37,38; PvA.61 (āsanaṃ).-- 2.to lay down,fold out,spread PvA.43 (saṅghāṭiṃ).-- pp.<i>paññatta</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.II.<i>paññāpāpeti</i> J.III,371.(Page 390),9,1
  8827. 338316,en,15,pannarasa,paṇṇarasa,Paṇṇarasa,Paṇṇarasa, &#38; Paṇṇavīsati see pañca 1.B, &#38; C.(Page 405),9,1
  8828. 338329,en,15,pannarasa,pannarasa,Pannarasa,Pannarasa,(adj.num.) [see pañcadasa &#38; paṇṇarasa under pañca] fifteen (and fifteenth),usually referring to the 15th day of the lunar month,i.e.the full-moon day Sn.153 (pannaraso uposatho); <i>pannarase</i> on the 15<sup>th</sup> day S.I,191=Th.1,1234; M.III,20; Sn.502,1016; f.Loc.<i>pannarasāya</i> id.S.I,233.See also <i>paṇṇarasa</i>.(Page 412),9,1
  8829. 338349,en,15,pannarasama,pannarasama,Pannarasama,Pannarasama,(num.ord.) [fr.pannarasa] the 15<sup>th</sup> SnA 366 (gāthā).(Page 412),11,1
  8830. 338403,en,15,pannarasika,pannarasika,Pannarasika,Pannarasika,(adj.) [fr.pannarasa] belonging to the 15<sup>th</sup> day (of the lunar month) Vin.IV,315.(Page 412),11,1
  8831. 338441,en,15,pannasa,paṇṇāsa,Paṇṇāsa,Paṇṇāsa,see pañca 2.A.(Page 405),7,1
  8832. 338745,en,15,pannata,paññatā,Paññatā,Paññatā,(f.) [secondary abstract formation fr.paññā,in meaning equal to paññāṇa] having sense,wisdom A.III,421 (dup°=foolishness) V,159 (id.); mahā°,puthu°,vipula° A.I,45.See also <i>paññatta<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 389),7,1
  8833. 338753,en,15,pannata,paññāta,Paññāta,Paññāta,[pp.of pajānāti] known,renowned DA.I,143; ap° unknown,defamed Vin.IV,231; S.IV,46; A.III,134 (where also der.appaññātika).(Page 390),7,1
  8834. 338776,en,15,pannatta,paññatta,Paññatta,Paññatta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [abstr.fr.paññā] wisdom,sense etc.S.V,412 (v.l.paññatā).See also paññatā.(Page 390),8,1
  8835. 338777,en,15,pannatta,paññatta,Paññatta,Paññatta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of paññāpeti,cp.BSk.prajñapta] pointed out,made known,ordered,designed,appointed,or‹-› dained S.II,218; A.I,98,151; IV,16,19; V,74 sq.; Pv IV.1<sup>35</sup>; DhA.I,274; VvA.9 (su° mañca-pītha),92 (niccabhatta); PvA.78.Esp.freq.in ster.formula <i>paññatte āsane nisīdi</i> he sat down on the appointed (i.e.special) chair (seat) D.I,109,125,148; S.I,212; Dh.148; SnA 267; PvA.16,23,61.(Page 389),8,1
  8836. 338858,en,15,pannatti,paññatti,Paññatti,Paññatti,(f.) [fr.paññāpeti,cp.paññatta<sup>1</sup>] making known,manifestation,description,designation,name,idea,notion,concept.On term see Cpd.3 sq.,198,199; Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup> 1; Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 340.-- M.III,68; S.III,71; IV,38 (māra°),39 (satta°,dukkha°,loka°); A.II,17; V,190; Ps.II,171,176; Pug.1; Dhs.I,309; Nett 1 sq.,38,188; KhA 102,107; DA.I,139; SnA 445,470; PvA.200.The spelling also occurs as <i>paṇṇatti</i>,e.g.at J.II,65 (°vahāra); Miln.173 (loka°); KhA 28; adj.<i>paṇṇattika</i> (q.v.).(Page 390),8,1
  8837. 338870,en,15,pannatti,paṇṇatti,Paṇṇatti,Paṇṇatti,see <i>paññatti</i>.(Page 404),8,1
  8838. 338962,en,15,pannattika,paṇṇattika,Paṇṇattika,Paṇṇattika,(adj.) [fr.paṇṇatti] having a manifestation or name,in a°-bhāva state without designation,state of non-manifestation,indefinite or unknown state (with ref.to the passing nature of the phenomenal world) DhA.I,89; II,163.(Page 404),10,1
  8839. 339167,en,15,pannavant,paññavant,Paññavant,Paññavant,(adj.) [paññā+vant,with reduction of ā to a see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 23] possessed of insight,wise,intelligent,sensible Vin.I,60; D.III,237,252,265,282,287; M.I,292; III,23; S.I,53,79; II,159 sq.,207,279 (daharo ce pi p.); IV,243; V,100,199,392,401; A.II,76,187,230; III,2 sq.,127,183; IV,85,217,271,357; V,25,124 sq.; Sn.174; Nd<sup>2</sup> 259; Dh.84; J.I,116; Pug.13; DhA.II,255; KhA 54; VbhA.239,278; PvA.40.Cp.paññāṇavant.(Page 390),9,1
  8840. 339316,en,15,pannaya,paññāya,Paññāya,Paññāya,(indecl.) [ger.of pajānāti,in relation °ñāya:ñatvā as uṭṭhāya:ṭhatvā; so expl<sup>d</sup> by P.Commentators,whereas modern interpreters have taken it as Instr.of paññā] understanding fully,knowing well,realising,in full recognition,in thorough realisation or understanding.Used most frequently with yathābhūtaṃ (q.v.) S.I,13 (bhāveti),44 (lokasmiṃ pajjoto),214 (parisujjhati); II,7 sq.(uppajjati),68 (suppaṭividdho); III,6 (id.); V,324 (ajjhupekkhati); A.I,125 (anuggahissati); III,44 (vaḍḍhati); IV,13 sq.(pariyogāhamāna); V,39 (disvā) Sn.1035 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 380<SUP>II</SUP>); It.93 (moh’aggiṃ,v.l.saññāya); PvA.60 (upaparikkhitvā,as expl<sup>n</sup> of ñatvā),140=viceyya.(Page 390),7,1
  8841. 339376,en,15,pannayati,paññāyati,Paññāyati,Paññāyati,[Pass.of pajānāti] to be (well) known,to be clear or evident,to be perceived,seen or taken for,to appear It.89; DhA.I,14,95 (fut.paññāyissatha you will be well known); II,75; PvA.83 (pālito eva),166 (dissati+); ppr.<i>paññāyamāna</i> DhA.I,29; PvA.96 (=perceivable).-- aor.<i>paññāyi</i> PvA.172 <i>(paccakkhato)</i>.(Page 390),9,1
  8842. 339422,en,15,panni,paṇṇi,Paṇṇi,Paṇṇi,(f.) [=paṇṇa] a leaf Vin.I,202 (taka°).(Page 405),5,1
  8843. 339429,en,15,pannika,paṇṇika,Paṇṇika,Paṇṇika,[paṇṇa+ika] one who deals with greens,a florist or greengrocer J.I,411; II,180; III,21 (°dhītā); Miln.331.(Page 405),7,1
  8844. 339437,en,15,pannika,paṇṇikā,Paṇṇikā,Paṇṇikā,(f.) [to paṇṇaka; cp.Sk.parṇikā; meaning uncertain,cp.Kern,Toev.p.17 s.v.] greens,green leaves,vegetable Vin.II,267 (na harītaka °ṃ pakinitabbaṃ,trsl.at Vin.Texts III,343 by “carry on the business of florist and seedsman,” thus taken as paṇṇika,cp.also Vin.Texts III,112); J.I,445 (paṇṇikāya saññaṃ adāsi is faulty; reading should be saṇṇikāya “with the goad,” of saṇ(ṇ)ikā=Sk.sṛṇi elephant-driver’s hook).(Page 405),7,1
  8845. 339510,en,15,panta,panta,Panta,Panta,(adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.prānta edge,margin,border,pra+anta; also BSk.prānta in meaning of Pali,e.g.MVastu III,200; Divy 312 (prānta-śayan-āsana-sevin)] distant,remote,solitary,secluded; only in phrase pantaṃ senāsanaṃ (sayanāsanaṃ) or pantāni senāsanāni “solitary bed &#38; chair” M.I,17,30; A.I,60; II,137; III,103; V,10,202; Sn.72 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 93),338,960 (°amhi sayanāsane),969 (sayanamhi pante); Dh.185 (=vivitta DhA.III,238); Ud.43 (so read for patthañ); J.III,524 (°amhi sayanāsane); Vism.73 (panta-senāsane rata); SnA 263 (v.l.pattha).<br><br> <i>--sena</i> (adj.) one who has his resting place far away from men,Ep.of the Buddha M.I,386.(Page 412),5,1
  8846. 339544,en,15,pantha,pantha,Pantha,Pantha,[base panthan°,Ved.panthāḥ,with bases path° panth° and pathi.Same as patha (q.v.).For etym.cp.Gr.pόntos sea(-path),pάtos path,Av.pantā°,also Goth.finpan=E.find,of Idg *pent to come or go (by)] a road,roadway,path S.I,18 (Gen.pl.panthānaṃ= kantāramagga C; “jungle road” trsl.); Sn.121 (Loc.panthasmiṃ); Nd<sup>2</sup> 485 B (+patha in expl<sup>n</sup> of magga),Miln.157 (see panthaṃ)<br><br> <i>--gū</i> a traveller (lit.going by road) S.I,212 (v.l.addhagū,as at id.p.Th.2,55); J.III,95 (v.l.).<i>--ghāta</i> highway robbery J.I,253; IV,184.<i>--duhana</i> waylaying,robbery; m.a robber D.I,135 (see DA.I,296); J.II,281,388; D.III,68,and Tikp 280 (°dūhana).<i>--dūbhin</i> a highwayman J.II,327.<i>--dūsaka</i> a robber Miln.20.<i>--devatā</i> a way spirit,a spirit presiding over a road,road-goddess J.VI,527.<i>--makkaṭaka</i> a (road) spider Miln.364,407.<i>--sakuṇa</i> a “road-bird,” i.e.a bird offered (as a sacrifice) to the goddess presiding over the roads,propitiation; it is here to be understood as a human sacrifice J.VI,527 (vv.ll.pattha° &#38; bandha°).(Page 412),6,1
  8847. 339607,en,15,panthana,panthāna,Panthāna,Panthāna,(for saṇṭhāna) at SnA 20:see saṇṭhāna 3.(Page 412),8,1
  8848. 339633,en,15,panthika,panthika,Panthika,Panthika,[fr.pantha,formation panthika:panthan= addhika:addhan] a traveller Miln.20.(Page 412),8,1
  8849. 339644,en,15,panti,panti,Panti,Panti,(f.) [Ved.paṅkti set or row of five,group in general] a row,range,line Vism.392 (tisso sopāna-pantiyo); DhA.III,219 (uddhana°); ThA.72 (satta pantiyo); VvA.198 (amba°).(Page 412),5,1
  8850. 339668,en,15,panudana,panūdana,Panūdana,Panūdana,(nt.) [fr.panudati] removal,dispelling,rejection Sn.252 (sabba-dukkhâpanūdana SnA 293 should be read as sabba-dukkha-apanūdana,as at Vin.II,148=J.I,94),1106 (=pahānaṃ etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 396).(Page 412),8,1
  8851. 339683,en,15,panudati,panudati,Panudati,Panudati,[pa+nudati] to dispel,repel,remove,push away S.I,167 sq.,173; Dh.383; Sn.81,928 (pot.panudeyya or metri causa panūdeyya=pajaheyya etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 385); J.VI,491 (1.pl.panudāmase).-- ger.<i>panuditvā</i> SnA 591, &#38; <i>panujja</i> Sn.359,535,1055 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 395 as imper.pres.=pajaha,cp.SnA 591=panudehi); J.III,14; V,198 (=pātetvā C.).-- Fut.<i>panudahissati</i> Th.1,27,233.-- Pass.<i>panujjati</i>,ppr.panujjamāna in phrase “api panujjamānena pi” even if repulsed M.I,108,cp.A.IV,32 &#38; Nett 164 (v.l.to be substituted for T.pamajjamānena).-- pp.<i>panunna </i>&<i> panudita</i> (q.v.).(Page 411),8,1
  8852. 339701,en,15,panudi,pānudi,Pānudi,Pānudi,see <i>panudati</i>.(Page 453),6,1
  8853. 339711,en,15,panudita,panudita,Panudita,Panudita,[pp.of panudati] dispelled,driven out Sn.483 (panūdita metri causa,v.l.panudita).See also <i>panunna</i>.(Page 411),8,1
  8854. 339748,en,15,panunna,panunna,Panunna,Panunna,<i>(Paṇunna </i>&<i> Panuṇṇa)</i> [pp.of panudati] (med. &#38; pass.) put away,rejected or rejecting,dispelled,driven away,sent A.II,29; V,31; Sn.469 (°kodha); J.VI,247,285; Kvu 597 (ito p.,trsl<sup>d</sup> “ending here”).<br><br> <i>--paccekasacca</i> one who has rejected each of the four false truths (the 5<sup>th</sup> of the 10 noble states,ariyavāsā:see Vin.Texts I.141) D.III,269,270; A.II,41; V,29 sq.(Page 412),7,1
  8855. 339780,en,15,papa,papa,Papa,Papa,(nt.) [see pibati,pānīya etc.of <em>pā</em>] water J.I,109 (āpaṃ papaṃ mahodakan ti attho).The word is evidently an etym.construction.See also <i>papā</i>.(Page 412),4,1
  8856. 339789,en,15,papa,papā,Papā,Papā,(f.) [Ved.prapā,pa+<em>pā</em>] a place for supplying water,a shed by the roadside to provide travellers with water,a well,cistern D.III,185; S.I,33=Kvu 345 (=pānīyadāna-sālā SA); S.I,100 (read papañ ca vivane); J.I,109; DhA.III,349=J.I,302 (=pānīya-cāṭī C.); Vv 52<sup>22</sup> (+udapāna); Pv.II,7<sup>8</sup> (n.pl.papāyo=pānīya-sālā PvA.102); II,9<sup>25</sup> (+udapāna).(Page 413),4,1
  8857. 339798,en,15,papa,pāpa,Pāpa,Pāpa,(adj.nt.) [Vedic pāpa,cp.Lat.patior≈E.passion etc.; Gr.phμa suffering,evil; talai/pwros suffering evil] 1.(adj.) evil,bad,wicked,sinful A.II,222 sq.(and compar.pāpatara); Sn.57; Dh.119 (opp.bhadra).Other compar-superl.forms are pāpiṭṭha S.V,96; pāpiṭṭhatara Vin.II,5; pāpiyyasika D.III,254.See pāpiya.-- 2.unfertile (of soil) S.IV,315.-- 3.(nt.) evil,wrong doing,sin Sn.23,662; Dh.117 (opp.puñña) 183; Pv.I,66; 112; IV,150; DhA.II,11.-- pp.pāpāni Sn.399,452,674; Dh.119,265. --iccha having bad wishes or intentions Vin.I,97; D.III,246; S.I,50; II,156; A.III,119,191,219 sq.; IV,1,22,155; V,123 sq.; Sn.133,280; It.85; Nd2 342; Vism.24 (def.); VbhA.476; --icchatā evil intention A.IV,160,165; DhA.II,77.--kamma evil doing,wickedness,sin,crime D.III,182; It.86; Sn.407; Dh.127; Vism.502; VbhA.440 sq.; PvA.11,25,32,51,84.--kammanta evil-doer,villain S.I,97.--kammin id.M.I,39 Dh.126.--kara id.Sn.674.--karin id.Dh.15,17.--dassana sinful view Pv IV.355.--dhamma wickedness,evil habit Dh.248,307; Pug.37; DhA.III,4; PvA.98; as adj.at PvA.58.--dhammin one of evil character or habits Pv.I,117.--parikkhaya decay or destruction of demerit (opp.puñña°) Pv.II,615.--mitta an evil associate,a bad companion (opp.kalyāṇa°) M.I,43,470; D.III,182.--mittatā bad company,association with wicked people A.I,13 sq.,83; IV,160,165; D.III,212; Dhs.13,27; Vbh.359,369,371.--saṅkappa evil thought Sn.280.--sīla bad morals Sn.246.--supina an evil dream (opp.bhaddaka) Vism.312; DhA.III,4.(Page 453),4,1
  8858. 339813,en,15,papaccati,papaccati,Papaccati,Papaccati,[Pass.of pa+pacati] to be cooked,to become ripe PvA.55 (°itvā).(Page 412),9,1
  8859. 339823,en,15,papada,papada,Papada,Papada,(or <i>Papadā</i>?) [pa+pada] tip of the foot.toes; but in diff.meaning (for papaṭā or papāta to <i>pat</i>) “falling down,abyss,pit” at Sn.665 (gloss for papaṭa; expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 479 by “mahāniraya”).(Page 413),6,1
  8860. 339852,en,15,papaka,pāpaka,Pāpaka,Pāpaka,(adj.) [fr.pāpa] bad,wicked,wretched,sinful Vin.I,8; S.I,149,207; V,418 (p.akusala citta); Sn.127,215,664; Dh.66,78,211,242; J.I,128; Pv.II,716 (=lāmaka C.); II,93; Pug.19; Dhs.30,101; Miln.204 (opp.kalyāṇa); Vism.268 (=lāmaka),312 (of dreams,opp.bhaddaka).-- f.pāpikā Dh.164,310; a° without sin,innocent,of a young maiden (daharā) Th.2,370; Vv 314; 326 (so expld by VvA,but ThA.explns as faultless,i.e.beautiful).(Page 453),6,1
  8861. 339894,en,15,papanca,papañca,Papañca,Papañca,[in its P.meaning uncertain whether identical with Sk.prapañca (pra+pañc to spread out; meaning “expansion,diffuseness,manifoldedness”; cp.papañceti &#38; papañca 3) more likely,as suggested by etym. &#38; meaning of Lat.im-ped-iment-um,connected with <i>pada</i>,thus perhaps originally “pa-pad-ya,” i.e.what is in front of (i.e.in the way of) the feet (as an obstacle)] 1.obstacle,impediment,a burden which causes delay,hindrance,delay DhA.I,18; II,91 (kathā°).°ṃ karoti to delay,to tarry J.IV,145; °ṃ akatvā without delay J.I,260; VI,392.-- ati° too great a delay J.I,64; II,92.-- 2.illusion,obsession,hindrance to spiritual progress M.I,65; S.I,100; IV,52,71; A.II,161 sq.; III,393 sq.; Sn.530 (=taṇhā-diṭṭhi-mānabheda-p.SnA 431; and generally in Commentaries so resolved,without verbal analysis); Ud.77 (as f.papañcā); Th.1,519,902,989 (cp.Brethren 344,345 &#38; J.R.A.S.1906,246 sq.; Neumann trsl<sup>s</sup> “Sonderheit,” see Lieder p.210,211 &#38; Mittlere Sammlung I.119 in trsl.of M.I,65 nippapañca); Dh.195,254 (°âbhiratā pajā,nippapañcā Tathāgatā; =taṇhādisu p° esu abhiratā DhA.III,378); J.I,9; Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup> (=taṇh’--ādi-p.PvA.230); Nett 37,38; SnA 495 (gihi).-- <i>nippapañca</i> (q.v.) without obsession.‹-› 3.diffuseness,copiousness SnA 40.<br><br> <i>--saṅkhā</i> sign or characteristic of obsession Sn.874 (cp.SnA 553; =taṇhā° diṭṭhi° and māna° Nd<sup>1</sup> 280),916 (=avijjādayo kilesā mūlaṃ SnA 562).<i>--saññā</i> (°saṅkhā) idea of obsession,idée fixe,illusion D.II,277 (cp.Dial II.312); M.I,109,112,271,383; S.IV,71.(Page 412),7,1
  8862. 340018,en,15,papanceti,papañceti,Papañceti,Papañceti,[denom.fr.papañca] 1.to have illusions,to imagine,to be obsessed M.I,112; DhA.I,198 (tesaṃ suvaṇṇa-lobhena papañcentānaṃ).-- 2.to be profuse.to talk much,to delay on SnA 136.-- pp.<i>papañcita</i>.(Page 413),9,1
  8863. 340031,en,15,papancita,papañcita,Papañcita,Papañcita,[pp.of papañceti] obsessed,illusioned SnA 495 (a° gihipapañ-cena).-- nt.obsession,vain imagination,illusion S.IV,203≈Vbh.390.(Page 413),9,1
  8864. 340050,en,15,papanika,pāpaṇika,Pāpaṇika,Pāpaṇika,(adj.n.) [pa+āpaṇa+ika] belonging to a shop,i.e.1.a shopkeeper A.I,115 sq.-- 2.laid out in the shop (of cīvara) Vin.I,255; Vism.62 (=āpaṇa-dvāre patitaka).See also Vin.Texts II.156.(Page 453),8,1
  8865. 340085,en,15,papata,papaṭā,Papaṭā,Papaṭā,(papatā) (f.) [fr.papāta? Cp.papaṭikā] a broken-off piece,splinter,fragment; also proclivity,precipice,pit (?) S.II,227 (papatā ti kho lābha-sakkāra-silokass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ; cp.S.III,109:sobbho papāto kodh’ûpāyāsass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ); So 665 (=sobbha SnA 479; gloss papada).See also pappaṭaka.(Page 413),6,1
  8866. 340099,en,15,papata,papāta,Papāta,Papāta,[cp.Epic.Sk.prapāta,of pra+<em>pat</em>] 1.falling down,a fall Vin.II,284 (chinna-papātaṃ papatanti); S.V,47.‹-› 2.a cliff,precipice,steep rock M.I,11; S.III,109 (sobbho p.kodh’upāyāsass’etaṃ adhivacanaṃ; cp.papaṭā); A.III,389 (sobbho p.); J.III,5; 530; V,70; VI,306,309; Vism.116; PvA.174; Sdhp.208,282,353.-- adj.falling off steeply,having an abrupt end Vin.II,237=A.IV,198,200 (samuddo na āyatakena p.).<br><br> <i>--taṭa</i> a rocky or steep declivity DhA.I,73.(Page 413),6,1
  8867. 340130,en,15,papatana,papatana,Papatana,Papatana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>pat</em>] falling down Sn.576=J.IV,127 (Abl.papatanā papatanato C.).(Page 413),8,1
  8868. 340173,en,15,papatati,papatati,Papatati,Papatati,[pa+patati] to fall forward,to fall down,off or from,to fall into (Acc.) Vin.II,284; M.I,79,80; S.I,48 (visame magge),187 (=Th.1,1220 patanti); 100,II.114; V,47; Dh.336; J.V,31; Pv.I,10<sup>12</sup> (nirayaṃ papatiss’ahaṃ,cp.PvA.52; v.l.SS niray’ûpapatiss’âhaṃ).-- aor.<i>papatā</i> Vin.III,17,cp.II.126; J.VI,566.See also <i>patati</i>.(Page 413),8,1
  8869. 340209,en,15,papatika,papaṭikā,Papaṭikā,Papaṭikā,(f.) [cp.Sk.prapāṭikā (lexic. &#38; gram.) young shoot,sprout; and parpharīka (RV.) one who tears to pieces; also Sk.parpaṭa N.of a plant] 1.a splinter,piece,fragment,chip Vin.II,193 (read tato pap.°); A.IV,70 sq.(of ayophāla); J.V,333 (same as Vin passage); Miln.179.-- 2.the outer dry bark or crust of a tree,falling off in shreads; also shoots,sprouts M.I,78,192 sq.,488; A.I,152; III,19 sq.,44,200,360; IV,99,336; V,4 sq.,314 sq.; J.III,491.Cp.pheggu.(Page 413),8,1
  8870. 340247,en,15,papatin,papātin,Papātin,Papātin,(adj.) [fr.papatati] falling or flying forward,flying up J.III,484 (uccā° flying away).(Page 413),7,1
  8871. 340287,en,15,papeti,pāpeti,Pāpeti,Pāpeti,<sup>2 </sup>[Caus.of pāpuṇāti] to make attain,to let go to,to cause to reach,to bring to J.IV,494; V,205,260; DA.I,136.imper.pāpaya S.I,217,and pāpayassu J.IV,20.fut.pāpessati J.I,260 and pāpayissati J.V,8.(Page 453),6,1
  8872. 340288,en,15,papeti,pāpeti,Pāpeti,Pāpeti,<sup>1</sup> [denom.fr.pāpa] to make bad,bring into disgrace Vin.IV,5.-- pp.pāpita.(Page 453),6,1
  8873. 340302,en,15,papika,pāpika,Pāpika,Pāpika,=pāpaka D.I,90 (cp.DA.I,256); A.IV,197.(Page 453),6,1
  8874. 340310,en,15,papilita,papīliṭa,Papīliṭa,Papīliṭa,[pa+pīḷita] worn out,rubbed through (of the sole of sandals) J.II,223.(Page 413),8,1
  8875. 340320,en,15,papimant,pāpimant,Pāpimant,Pāpimant,(adj.n.) [fr.pāpa,cp.Vedic pāpman] sinful; a sinner,esp.used as Ep.of Māra,i.e.the Evil,the wicked one S.I,103; A.IV,434; Ud.64; Sn.430; Th.1,1213; Miln.155 sq.; DhA.IV,32.(Page 453),8,1
  8876. 340331,en,15,papita,pāpita,Pāpita,Pāpita,[pp.of pāpeti1,in meaning=pāpika] one who has done wrong,sinful,evil M.II,43 (where D.I,90 at id.p.has pāpika); DA.I,256 (for pāpika,v.l.vāpita).(Page 453),6,1
  8877. 340337,en,15,papitamaha,papitāmaha,Papitāmaha,Papitāmaha,[pa+pitāmaha] a paternal great-grandfather Dāvs III,29.(Page 413),10,1
  8878. 340354,en,15,papiyana,papīyana,Papīyana,Papīyana,(nt.) [fr.<em>pā</em>,ger.pa-pīya] drinkable,to be drunk,drinking J.I,109 (udakaṃ papīyana-bhāvena papā ti).(Page 413),8,1
  8879. 340359,en,15,papiyo,pāpiyo,Pāpiyo,Pāpiyo,(adj.) [compar.of pāpa,cp.Sk.pāpīyas] worse,more evil or wicked S.I,162,202; Sn.275; Dh.42,76; J.I,158; IV,303; Miln.155; DhA.II,108.(Page 453),6,1
  8880. 340375,en,15,pappataka,pappaṭaka,Pappaṭaka,Pappaṭaka,[etym.uncertain] 1.a broken bit,splinter,small stone (?) (Rh.D.in Dial.III,83 “outgrowth”) D.III,87 (bhūmi °ṃ paribhuñjati); Vism.418 (≈),Nett 227 (Com.) (°ojaṃ khādāpento).--2.a water plant:see paṇṇaka 2; cp,also papaṭikā<sup>2</sup> &#38; Sk.parpaṭa N.of medicinal plant.(Page 413),9,1
  8881. 340390,en,15,papphasa,papphāsa,Papphāsa,Papphāsa,(nt.) [fr.sound-root * <em>phu</em>,not corresponding directly to Sk.pupphusa (cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 34),to which it stands in a similar relation as <i>*</i><em>ghur</em> (P.) to <i>*</i><em>ghar</em> (Sk.) or phurati›pharati.From same root Gr.fusάw to blow and Lat.pustula bubble,blister; see Walde under pustula] the lungs D.II,293; M.I,185,421; III,90; Sn.195=J.I,146; Kh III,(cp.KhA 56); Miln.26.(Page 413),8,1
  8882. 340438,en,15,pappotheti,pappoṭheti,Pappoṭheti,Pappoṭheti,[pa+poṭheti; sometimes spelt papphoṭeti] to strike,knock,beat,flap (of wings) Vin.I,48; II,208,217; M.I,333 (papph°); J.II,153 (pakkhe); III,175 (papoṭh°= sañcuṇṇeti C.); Miln.368 (papph°); DA.I,7; Vism.283 (pph).(Page 413),10,1
  8883. 340451,en,15,pappoti,pappoti,Pappoti,Pappoti,[the contracted form of pāpuṇāti,Sk.prāpnoti] to obtain,get,gain,receive,attain D.III,159,165; Sn.185,187,584; Dh.27; DhA.I,395.-- Pot.1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>pappomu</i> J.V,57 (=pāpuṇeyyāma C.).-- ger.<i>pappuyya</i> S.I,48; Sn.482 (or pot?),593,829 (=pāpuṇitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 170).-- For further ref.see <i>pāpuṇāti</i>.(Page 413),7,1
  8884. 340472,en,15,papunana,pāpuṇana,Pāpuṇana,Pāpuṇana,(nt.) [fr.pāpuṇāti] attainment J.IV,306.(Page 453),8,1
  8885. 340483,en,15,papunati,pāpuṇāti,Pāpuṇāti,Pāpuṇāti,[pa+āp; cp.Sk.prāpnoti] to reach,attain,arrive at,obtain,get to learn.-- pres.pāpuṇāti Vin.II,208; J.IV,285; VI,149; Pug.70; DA.21; PvA.74,98,125,195; and pappoti S.I,25; Dh.27; Vism.501; DhA.I,395; pot.pāpuṇe Sn.324; Dh.138; J.V,57 (1st pl.pāpuṇeyyāma for T.pappomu); DhA.IV,200.aor.apāpuṇi ThA.64,and pāpuṇi J.II,229.pret.apattha J.V,391 (proh.mā a.).fut.pāpuṇissati J.I,260.ger.pāpuṇitvā S.II,28; patvā Sn.347,575,and pappuyya S.I,7 (cp.Vin.II,56; A.I,138),181,212.inf.pappotuṃ SI.129=Th.2,60,and pāpuṇituṃ VbhA.223.-- grd.pattabba S.I,129; II,28; SnA 433.-- pp.patta; Caus.pāpeti2 (q.v.).(Page 453),8,1
  8886. 340505,en,15,papupphaka,papupphaka,Papupphaka,Papupphaka,(adj.) [pa+pupphaka] “with flowers in front,” flower-tipped (of the arrows of Māra) Dh.46 (but expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.I,337 as “p.°saṅkhātāni tebhūmakāni vaṭṭāni,” i.e.existence in the 3 stages of being).(Page 413),10,1
  8887. 340514,en,15,papurana,pāpuraṇa,Pāpuraṇa,Pāpuraṇa,(nt.) [through *pāvuraṇa fr.pra+<em>vṛ</em>,cp.Sk.prāvaraṇa] cover,dress,cloak S.I,175; Miln.279; DhA.III,1.See also pārupana.(Page 453),8,1
  8888. 340521,en,15,papurati,pāpurati,Pāpurati,Pāpurati,[fr.pa+ā+<em>vṛ</em>,cp.Vedic pravṛṇoti] to cover,veil; shut,hide; only neg.a° and only in phrase apāpurati Amatassa dvāraṃ to open the door of Nibbāna Vin.I,5; Vv 6427 (=vivarati VvA.284).(Page 453),8,1
  8889. 340532,en,15,paputta,paputta,Paputta,Paputta,[pa+putta,cp.Sk.praputra (BR.:“doubtful”) Inscr.] a grandson J.VI,477.(Page 413),7,1
  8890. 340544,en,15,para,para,Para,Para,(adv.-adj.) [fr.Idg.*per,*peri (cp.pari); Ved.para,parā,paraṃ; Lat.per through,Gr.pέra &#38; pέran beyond; see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under per &#38; also pari,pubba,pura,purāṇa] 1.(adv. &#38; prep.) beyond,on the further side of (with Abl.or Loc.),over PvA.168 (para Gaṅgāya,v.l.°āyaṃ).See in same meaning &#38; application paraṃ,paro and parā &#38; cp.cpds.like paraloka.-- 2.(adj.) para follows the pron.declension; cases:sg.Nom.paro Sn.879,Acc.paraṃ Sn.132,185,Gen.Dat.parassa Sn.634; Pv.II,9<sup>19</sup>,Instr.parena PvA.116,Loc.paramhi Sn.634,and pare Pv.II,9<sup>43</sup>; pl.Nom.pare Dh.6,Acc.pare Dh.257; PvA.15,Gen.Dat.paresaṃ D.I,3; Th.1,743; J.I,256; Sn.818,Instr.parehi Sn.240,255; PvA.17.-- Meanings:(a) beyond,i.e.“higher” in space (like Ved.para as opp.to avara lower),as well as “further” in time (i.e.future,to come,or also remote,past:see Loc.pare under c.),freq.in phrase paro loko the world beyond,the world (i.e.life) to come,the beyond or future life (opp.ayaṃ loko) Sn.185 (asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ na socati),634 (asmiṃ loke paramhi ca); Dh.168 (paramhi loke); Pv.II,8<sup>3</sup> (id.=paraloke PvA.107); but also in other comb<sup>n</sup>,like santi-para (adj.) higher than calm Dh.202.Cp.paraloka,paraṃ and paro.-- (b) another,other,adj.as well as n.,pl.others Sn.396 (parassa dāraṃ nâtikkameyya),818 (paresaṃ,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 150); Dh.160 (ko paro who else),257 (pare others); Pv.II,9<sup>19</sup> (parassa dānaṃ); II,9<sup>43</sup> (pare,Loc.= paramhi parassa PvA.130); DhA.IV,182 (Gen.pl.); PvA.15,60 (paresaṃ Dat.),103,116,253 (parassa purisassa &#38; paraṃ purisaṃ).Often contrasted with and opposed to attano (one’s own,oneself),e.g.at M.I,200 (paraṃ vambheti attānaṃ ukkaṃseti); Sn.132 (attānaṃ samukkaṃse paraṃ avajānāti); J.I,256 (paresaṃ,opp.attanā); Nd<sup>2</sup> 26 (att-attha opp.par-attha,see cpds.°ajjhāsaya &#38; °attha).-- paro ...paro “the one ...the other” D.I,224 (kiṃ hi paro parassa karissati); paro paraṃ one another Sn.148 (paro paraṃ nikubbetha).‹-› In a special sense we find pare pl.in the meaning of “the others,” i.e.outsiders,aliens (to the religion of the Buddha),enemies,opponents (like Vedic pare) D.I,2 (=paṭiviruddhā sattā DA.I,51); Vin.I,349; Dh.6.-- (c) some oblique cases in special meaning and used as adv.:paraṃ Acc.sg.m.see under cpds.,like parantapa; as nt.adv.see sep.In phrase puna ca paraṃ would be better read puna c’aparaṃ (see apara).--parena (Instr.) later on,afterwards J.III,395 (=aparena samayena C.).--<i>pare</i> (Loc.); cp.Gr.parai/ at; Lat.prae before; Goth.faúra=E,for,old Dat.of *per) in the past,before,yet earlier J.II,279 (where it continues <i>ajja</i> and <i>hiyyo</i>,i.e.to-day and yesterday,and refers to the day before yesterday.Similarly at Vin.IV,63 <i>pare</i> is contrasted with <i>ajja </i>&<i> hiyyo</i> and may mean “in future,” or “the day before yesterday.” It is of interest to notice the Ved.use of pare as “in the future” opp.to adya &#38; śvas); J.III,423 (the day before yesterday).At DhA.I,253 (sve vā pare vā) and IV.170 in the sense of “on the day after tomorrow.” --<i>parā</i> (only apparently Abl.,in reality either para+a° which represents the vocalic beginning of the second part of the cpd.,or para+ā which is the directional prefix ā,emphasizing para.The latter expl<sup>n</sup> is more in the spirit of the Pali language):see separately.<i>--paro</i> (old Abl.as adv.=Sk.paras) beyond further:see sep.--<i>parato</i> (Abl.) in a variety of expressions and shades of meaning,viz.(1) from another,as regards others A.III,337 (attano parato ca); Nett 8 (ghosa),50 (id.).-- (2) from the point of view of “otherness,” i.e.as strange or something alien,as an enemy M.I,435 (in “anicca”--passage); A.IV,423; Nd<sup>2</sup> 214<SUP>II</SUP>; Ps.II,238; Kvu 400; Miln.418 and passim; in phrase parato disvā “seen as not myself” Th.1,1160; 2,101; S.I,188 (saṅkhāre parato passa,dukkhato mā ca attato).‹-› (3) on the other side of,away from,beyond J.II,128; PvA.24 (kuḍḍānaṃ).-- (4) further,afterwards,later on S.I,34; J.I,255; IV,139; SnA 119,482.-- Note.The compounds with para° are combinations either with para 1 (adv.prep.),or para 2 (adj.n.).Those containing para in form parā and in meaning “further on to” see separately under parā°.See also pāra,pārima etc.<br><br> <i>--ajjhāsaya</i> intent on others (opp.att°) SnA 46.<i>--attha</i> (parattha,to be distinguished from adv.parattha,q.v.sep.) the profit or welfare of another (opp.attattha) S.II,29; A.III,63; Dh.166; Nd<sup>2</sup> 26.<i>--âdhīna</i> dependent on others D.I,72 (=paresu adhīno parass’eva ruciyā pavattati DA.I,212); J.VI,99; ThA.15 (°vuttika); VvA.23 (°vutti,paresaṃ bhāraṃ vahanto).<i>--ûpakkama</i> aggression of an enemy,violence Vin.II,194.<i>--ûpaghāta</i> injuring others,cruelty Vv 84<sup>40</sup>.<i>--ûpaghātin</i> killing others Dh.184 (=paraṃ upahananto p.DhA.III,237).<i>--ûpavāda</i> reproaching others Sn.389.<i>--kata</i> see <i>paraṅkata</i>.<i> --kamma</i> service of others,<i>°kārin</i> serving others Vv 33<sup>22</sup>.<i>--kāra</i> see below under paraṅkāra.<i>--kula</i> clan of another,strange or alien clan Sn.128; Dh.73.<i>--kkanta</i> [para° or parā° *krānta?] walked (by another? or gone over?) J.VI,559 (better to be read with v.l.on p.560 as pada° i.e.walked by feet,footprint).<i>--kkama</i> (parā+<i>kram</i>] exertion,endeavour,effort,strife D.I,53; III,113; S.I,166 (daḷha°); II,28 (purisa°); V,66,104 sq.; A.I,4,50 (purisa°); IV,190; Sn.293; Dh.313; Nd<sup>1</sup> 487; J.I,256; II,153; Dhs.13,12,289,571; Miln.244; DhA.IV,139; Sdhp.253; adj.(-°) sacca° one who strives after the truth J.IV,383.<i>--kkamati</i> [*parakramati] to advance,go forward,exert oneself,undertake,show courage Sn.966 (ger.parakkamma); Dh.383 (id.); Pv III,2<sup>13</sup> (imper.parakkāma,v.l.parakkama); Pug.19,23; PvA.184 (=payogaṃ karoti); Sdhp.439.<i>--kkaroti</i> [either for parā+<i>kṛ</i> or more likely paras+<em>kṛ</em>,cp.paro] lit.“to put on the opposite side,” i.e.to remove,do away with J.IV,26 (corresponding to apaneti,C.expl<sup>ns</sup> as “parato kāreti,” taking parato in the sense of para 2 c 3),404 (mā parākari=mā pariccaji C.).<i>--gatta</i> alien body,trsl.“limbs that are not thou” Th.1,1150.<i>--gavacaṇḍa</i> violent against the cows of another A.II,109=Pug.47 (opp.sakagavacaṇḍa,cp.PugA 226:yo attano gogaṇaṃ ghaṭṭeti,paragogaṇe pana so rato sukhasīlo hoti etc.).<i>--(n)kata</i> made by something or somebody else,extra-self,extraneous,alien S.I,134 (nayidaṃ attakataṃ bimbaṃ nayidaṃ parakataṃ aghaṃ); with ref.to loka &#38; dukkha and opposed to sayaṅkata D.III,137 sq.; S.II,19 sq.,33 sq.,38 sq.; Ud.69 sq.<i>--(n)kāra</i> condition of otherness,other people,alienity Ud.70 (opp.ahaṅkara selfhood).<i>--citta</i> the mind or heart of others A.V,160.<i>--jana</i> a stranger,enemy,demon,fig.devil (cp.Sk.itarajana) M.I,153,210.<i>--tthaddha</i> [parā+tthaddha] propped against,founded on,relying on (with Loc.) J.VI,181 (=upatthadda C.).<i>--tthabbha</i> is to be read for °tthambha at J.IV,313,in meaning=°tthaddha (kismiṃ).<i>--dattûpajīvin</i> living on what is given by others,dependent on another’s gift Sn.217; Miln.294.<i>--davutta</i> see sep.under parada <i>--dāra</i> the wife of another,somebody else’s wife M.I,87; A.II,71,191; Sn.108,242 (°sevanā); Dh.246,309 (°upasevin,cp.DhA.III,482); J.VI,240; DhA.III,481 (°kamma).<i>--dārika</i> (better to be read as pāra°) an adulterer S.II,188,259; J.III,43.<i>--dhammika</i> “of someone else’s norm,” one who follows the teaching of another,i.e.of an heretic teacher Sn.96Q (Nd<sup>1</sup> 485:p° ā vuccanti satta sahadhammika ṭhapetvā ye keci Buddhe appasannā,dhamme appa nnā,Saṅghe appasannā).<i>--niṭṭhita</i> made ready by others S.I,236.<i>--nimmita</i> “created by another,” in °vasavattin having power under control of another,N.of a class of Devas (see deva) D.I,216 sq.; A.I,210; It.94; Pug.51; DA.I,114,121; KhA 128; VvA.79.<i>--neyya</i> to be led by another,under another’s rule Sn.907 Nd<sup>1</sup> 321 (=parapattiya parapaccaya).<i>--(n)tapa</i> worrying or molesting another person (opp.attantapa) D.III,232; M.I,341,411; II,159; Pug.56.<i>--paccaya</i> resting,relying,or dependent on someone else Nd<sup>1</sup> 321; usually neg.a° independent of another Vin.I,12,181 and passim.<i>--pattiya</i>=prec.Nd<sup>1</sup> 321.<i>--pāṇa</i> other living beings Sn.220.<i>--puggala</i> other people D.III,108.<i>--putta</i> somebody else’s son A.IV,169; Sn.43.<i>--pessa</i> serving others,being a servant Sn.615 (=paresaṃ veyyāvacca SnA 466).<i>--pessiyā</i> a female servant or messenger,lit.to be sent by others J.III,413 (=parehi pesitabbā pesanakārikā C.).<i>--ppavāda</i> [cp.BSk.parapravādin “false teacher” Divy 202] disputation with another,challenge,opposition in teaching (appl<sup>d</sup> to Non-Buddhistic systems) S.V,261; A.II,238; Miln.170,175.<i>--bhāga</i> outer part,precinct part beyond PvA.24.<i>--bhuta</i> [Sk.parabhṛta] the Indian cuckoo (lit.brought up by another) J.V,416 (so read for parābhūta).<i>--bhojana</i> food given by others Sn.366 (=parehi dinnaṃ saddhādeyyaṃ SnA 364).<i>--loka</i> [cpd.either with para 1.or para 2.It is hardly justified to assume a metaphysical sense,or to take para as temporal in the sense of paraṃ (cp.paraṃmaraṇā after death),i.e.the future world or the world to come] the other world,the world beyond (opp.ayaṃ loko this world or idhaloka the world here,see on term Stede,Peta Vatthu p.29 sq.) D.I,27,58,187; II,319; S.I,72,138; Sn.579,666,1117; Nd<sup>1</sup> 60; Nd<sup>2</sup> 214 (v.l.for paloka in anicca-passage) 410 (=manussalokaṃ ṭhapetvā sabbo paraloko); Ps.I,121; Vv 84<sup>5</sup> (=narakaṃ hi sattānaṃ ekantânatthatāya parabhūto paṭisattubhūto loko ti visesato paraloko ti VvA.335); PvA.5,60 (=pettivisaya parattha),64Q,107,253 (idhalokato p.natthi); SnA 478 (=parattha); Sdhp.316,326,327.<i>--vambhitā</i> contempt of others M.I,19 (a°).<i>--vambhin</i> contempting others M.I,19,527.<i>--vasatta</i> power (over others) Dāvs.IV,19.<i>--vāda</i> (1) talk of others,public rumour S.I,4; Sn.819 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 151); SnA 475.(2) opposition Miln.94 sq.<i>--vādin</i> opponent Miln.348.<i>visaya</i> the other world,realm of the Dead,Hades Pv IV.8<sup>7</sup> (=pettivisaya PvA.268).<i>--vediya</i> to be known by others,i.e.heterodox D.II,241; Sn.474 (=parehi ñāpetabba SnA 410).<i>--sattā</i> (pl.) other beings A.I,255=III,17 (+parapuggalā).<i>--suve</i> on the day after tomorrow DhA.IV,170 (v.l.SS for pare,see para 2 c.).<i>--sena</i> a hostile army D.I,89=II.16= III,59=Sn.p.106 ≈ (cp.DA.I,250=SnA 450).<i>--hattha</i> the hand of the enemy J.I,179.<i>--hiṃsā</i> hurting others Pv III,7<sup>3</sup>.<i>--hita</i> the good or welfare of others (opp.attahita) D.III,233; PvA.16,163.<i>--hetu</i> on account of others,through others Sn.122 (attahetu+); Pug.54.(Page 418),4,1
  8891. 340551,en,15,para°,parā°,Parā°,Parā°,(prefix) [para+ā,not Instr.of para:see para 2 c; in some cases it may also correspond to paraṃ°] prep.meaning “on to,” “over” (with the idea of mastering),also “through,throughout.” The ā is shortened before double consonant,like parā+<i>kṛ</i>=parakkaroti,parā+ <em>kram</em>=parakkamati (see under cpds.of para).(Page 420),5,1
  8892. 340558,en,15,para,pāra,Pāra,Pāra,(adj.-nt.) [fr.para] 1.as adv.(°-) beyond,over,across,used as prep.with Abl.,e.g.pāra-Gaṅgāya beyond the G.S.I,207,214; SnA 228.See under cpds.-- 2.as nt.the other side,the opposite shore S.I,169,183; Sn.1059; Nd<sup>1</sup> 20 (=amataṃ nibbānaṃ); Dh.385; DhA.IV,141 aparā pāraṃ gacchati to go from this side to the other (used with ref.to this world &#38; the world beyond) S.IV,174; A.V,4; Sn.1130; pāraṃ gavesino M.II,64=Th.1,771--3.Cases adverbially:Acc.<i>pāraṃ</i> see sep.; Abl.<i>pārato</i> from the other side Vin.II,209.-- 3.the guṇa form of para,another:see cpds.:<br><br> <i>--atthika</i> (pār’) wishing to cross beyond D.I,244.<i>--ga</i> “going beyond,” traversing,crossing,surmounting S.IV,71 (jātimaraṇassa); Sn.32,997.<i>--gata</i> one who has reached the opposite shore S.I,34; II,277; IV,157; A.IV,411; Sn.21,210,359; Dh.414; Vv 53<sup>1</sup> (cp.VvA.231); one who has gone over to another party Th.1,209.<i>--gavesin</i> looking for the other shore Dh.355; DhA.IV,80.<i>--gāmin</i>=gata S.I,123; A.V,232 sq.,253 sq.; DhA.II,160.<i>--gū</i> (a) gone beyond,i.e.passed,transcended,crossed S.I,195=Nd<sup>2</sup> 136<SUP>A</SUP> (dukkhassa),IV.210 (bhavassa); A.II,9 (id.); III,223; It.33 (jarāya); Dh.348.(b) gone to the end of (Gen.or.--°),reached perfection in,well-versed in,familiar with,an authority on Sn.992 (sabbadhammānaṃ),1105 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 435); D.I,88 (tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ); DhA.III,361 (id.).<i>--dārika</i> an adulterer,lit.one of another’s wife S.II,259; J.III,43 (so read for para°); DhA.II,10.(Page 454),4,1
  8893. 340576,en,15,parabhava,parābhava,Parābhava,Parābhava,[fr.parā+<em>bhū</em> Vedic parābhava] defeat,destruction,ruin,disgrace S.II,241; A.II,73; IV,26; Sn.91--115; J.III,331; SnA 167.(Page 420),9,1
  8894. 340586,en,15,parabhavati,parābhavati,Parābhavati,Parābhavati,[parā+<em>bhū</em>] 1.to go to ruin Sn.91 (=parihāyati vinassati).-- 2.to win through,to surpass Th.1,1144 (cp.trsl.381<sup>4</sup>).-- pp.parābhūta (q.v.).See also parābhetvā.(Page 420),11,1
  8895. 340592,en,15,parabhetva,parābhetvā,Parābhetvā,Parābhetvā,at J.V,153 is not clear (C.:hadayaṃ bhinditvā olokento viya ...); perhaps we have here a reading parābh° for parāg° (as bheṇḍuka wrongly for geṇḍuka),which in its turn stands for parādhetvā (cp.similarly BSk.ārāgeti for ārādheti),thus meaning “propitiating.” (Page 420),10,1
  8896. 340598,en,15,parabhuta,parābhūta,Parābhūta,Parābhūta,[pp.of parābhavati] ruined,fallen into disgrace M.II,210 (avabhūta+).-- Note.parābhūta at J.V,416 is to be read parabhuta (q.v.).(Page 420),9,1
  8897. 340611,en,15,parada,parada,Parada,Parada,(adj.) [for uparada (?)=uparata,pp.of upa+ <em>ram</em>] finding pleasure in,fond of,only in two (doubtful) cpds.viz.<i>°vutta</i> [unexpl<sup>d</sup>,perhaps v for y,as daya› dava through influence of d in parada°; thus=parata+ yutta?] “fond of being prepared,” adapted,apt,active,alert; only in one stock phrase (which points to this form as being archaic and probably popular etymology,thus distorting its real derivation),viz.appossukka pannaloma +Vin.II,184 (Vin.Texts III,232 trsl.“secure,” cp.Vin.II,363); M.I,450; II,121 (v.l.BB paradatta°),-- and <i>°samācāra</i> living a good (active) life M.I,469.(Page 420),6,1
  8898. 340703,en,15,parajaya,parājaya,Parājaya,Parājaya,[parā+<em>ji</em>,opp.of jaya] 1.defeat D.I,10; J.VI,209; VvA.139.-- 2.defeat in game,loss,losing at play S.I,149 (dhana°)=A.V,171=Sn.659; J.VI,234 (°gāha sustainment of a loss).(Page 420),8,1
  8899. 340717,en,15,parajeti,parājeti,Parājeti,Parājeti,[parā+jeti of<em> ji</em>,cp.jayati] to defeat,conquer; in gambling:to make lose,beat PvA.151 (sahassaṃ p.by 1,000 coins).-- aor.parāji in 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.°jiṃsu,only in one stock phrase referring to the battle of the Gods &#38; Titans,viz.at D.II,285=M.I,253 (°jiniṃsu)=S.I,221= 224 (v.l.°jiniṃsu)=A.IV,432 (°jiyiṃsu,with v.l.°jiniṃsu),where a Pass.is required (“were defeated,lost”) in opp.to jiniṃsu,and the reading °jiyiṃsu as aor.pass.is to be preferred.-- Pass.°jīyati to be defeated,to suffer defeat S.I,221 (Pot.parājeyya,but form is Active); J.I,290; and parajjhati (1<sup>st</sup> pl.parajjhāma) J.II,403; aor.parājiyi:see above parāji.-- pp.parājita (q.v.).(Page 420),8,1
  8900. 340730,en,15,parajika,pārājika,Pārājika,Pārājika,[etym.doubtful; suggested are parā+<em>aj</em> (Burnouf); para+<em>ji</em><i>;</i> pārācika (S.Lévi,see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 38,n.3; also Childers s.v.)] one who has committed a grave transgression of the rules for bhikkhus; one who merits expulsion (see on term Vin.Texts I.3; Miln.trsl<sup>n</sup> I.268; II,78) Vin.I,172; II,101,242; A.II,241; III,252; V,70; J.VI,70,112; Miln.255; Vism.22; KhA 97,DhA.I,76 (as one of the divisions of the Suttavibhaṅga,see also Vin.III,1 sq.).(Page 454),8,1
  8901. 340744,en,15,parajita,parājita,Parājita,Parājita,[pp.of parājeti] defeated,having suffered a loss Vin.IV,5; S.I,224; A.IV,432; Sn.440,681; Dh.201 (=parena parājito DhA.III,259,where Bdhgh takes it evidently as Instr.of para=parā); J.I,293; II,160 (sahassaṃ),403.(Page 420),8,1
  8902. 340758,en,15,parajjhati,parajjhati,Parajjhati,Parajjhati,see <i>parājeti</i>.(Page 420),10,1
  8903. 340765,en,15,parakaroti,parākaroti,Parākaroti,Parākaroti,see parakkaroti (paraṃ°? or parā?).(Page 420),10,1
  8904. 340847,en,15,param,paraṃ,Paraṃ,Paraṃ,(param°) (adv.) [orig.nt.of para] further,away (from); as prep.(w.Abl.) after,beyond; absolute only in phrase ito <i>paraṃ</i> from here,after this,further,e.g.KhA 131; SnA 160,178,412,512,549; PvA.83,90; also in <i>tato paraṃ</i> J.III,281.<br><br> <i>--parā</i> (f.) [adv.converted into a noun paraṃ+Abl.of para] lit.“after the other,” i.e.succession,series Vin.II,110; IV,77,78 (parampara-bhojana “taking food in succession,” successive feeding,see under bhojana,and cp.C.at Vin.IV,77,78 and Vin Texts I.38); D.I,239; M.I,520; A.II,191 (paramparāya in phrase anussavena p.itikirāya,as at Nd<sup>2</sup> 151); Bu I.79; J.I,194; IV,35 (expl<sup>d</sup> by C.as purisa°,viz.a series of husbands,but probably misunderstood,Kern,Toev.s.v.interperts as “defamation,ravishing”); Nett 79 (°parahetu); Miln.191,276; DhsA.314; SnA 352; DhA.I,49 (sīsa°).<i>--maraṇā</i> (adv.) after death; usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with kāyassa bhedā p.after the dissolution of the body,i.e.after death S.I,231; D.I,245; PvA.27,133; absolutely only in phrase hoti Tathāgato p.D.I,188,192; A.V,193.<i>--mukhā</i> (adv.) in one’s absence,lit.with face turned away (opp.sammukhā in presence,thus at J.III,263 where parammukhā corresponds to raho and sam° to āvi; PvA.13) D.I,230 (parammukhin?); DhA.II,109.(Page 420),5,1
  8905. 340855,en,15,param,pāraṃ,Pāraṃ,Pāraṃ,(adv.-prep.) [Acc.of pāra] beyond,to the other side D.I,244; M.I,135; Sn.1146 (Maccu-dheyya°,vv.ll.°dheyassa &#38; °dheyya°),expl<sup>d</sup> by Nd<sup>2</sup> 487 as amataṃ nibbānaṃ; VvA.42.<br><br> <i>--gata</i> (cp.pāragata) gone to the other side,gone beyond,traversed,transcended M.I,135; S.II,277; Sn.803; Nd<sup>1</sup> 114; Nd<sup>2</sup> 435; Pug.72; Vism.234.<i>--gamana</i> crossing over,going beyond S.V,24,81; A.V,4,313; Sn.1130.(Page 454),5,1
  8906. 340863,en,15,parama,parama,Parama,Parama,(adj.) [Vedic parama; superl.formation of para,lit.“farthest,” cp.similarly,although fr.diff.base,Lat.prīmus] highest,most excellent,superior,best; paraphrased by <i>agga seṭṭha visiṭṭha</i> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 502 A= Nd<sup>1</sup> 84,102 (the latter reading viseṭṭha for visiṭṭha); by <i>uttama</i> at DhA.III,237; VvA.78.-- D.I,124 (ettaka°); M.II,120 (°nipacca); S.I,166; II,277; V,230; A.V,64 (°diṭṭha-dhamma-nibbāna); Sn.138 (yasaṃ paramaṃ patto),296 (°ā mittā),788 (suddhaṃ °ṃ arogaṃ),1071 (saññāvimokhe °e vimutto); Dh.184 (nibbānaṃ °ṃ vadanti Buddhā).203,243; Vv 16<sup>1</sup> (°alaṅkata= paramaṃ ativiya visesato VvA.78) Pv.II,9<sup>10</sup> (°iddhi); Pug.15,16,66; SnA 453 (°issara); PvA.12 (°nipacca).15 (°duggandha),46.-- At the end of a cpd.(-°) “at the outmost,at the highest,at most; as a minimum,at least” Vin.IV,263 (dvaṅgula-pabba°); esp.freq.in phrase <i>sattakkhattu°</i> one who will be reborn seven times at the outmost,i.e.at the end of the 7 rebirthinterval S.II,185 (sa°); V,205; A.I,233; IV,381; V,120; It.18; Kvu 469.See pāramī &#38; pāramitā.<br><br> <i>--attha</i> [cp.class.Sk.paramārtha] the highest good,ideal; truth in the ultimate sense,philosophical truth (cp.Kvu trsl.180; J.P.T.S.1914,129 sq.; Cpd.6,81); Arahantship Sn.68 (=vuccati Amataṃ Nibbānaṃ etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 409),219 (°dassin); Nd<sup>2</sup> 26; Miln.19,31; <i>°dīpanī</i> Exposition of the Highest Truth,N.of the Commentary on Th,Vv and Pv; mentioned e.g.at PvA.71; <i>°jotikā</i> id.,N.of the C.on Kh and Sn,mentioned e.g.at KhA 11.-- As °-,in Instr.and Abl.used adverbially in meaning of “in the highest sense,absolutely,kat) e)coxήn,primarily,ideally,in an absolute sense,” like °pāramī Bu I.77 °visuddhi A.V,64; °saññita Th.2,210; °suñña Ps.II,184; °suddhi SnA 528; Abl.<i>paramatthato</i> Miln.28; VvA.24 (manusso),30 (bhikkhu),72 (jīvitindriyaṃ); PvA.146 (pabbajito,corresponding to anavasesato),253 (na koci kiñci hanati=not at all); Instr.<i>paramatthena</i> Miln.71 (vedagū),268 (sattûpaladdhi).<i>--gati</i> the highest or best course of life or future exsitence Vv 35<sup>12</sup> (=anupādisesa-nibbāna VvA.164).(Page 420),6,1
  8907. 340879,en,15,paramajja-dhamma,paramajja-dhamma,paramajja-dhamma,paramajja-dhamma,[cp.Vedic parama-jyā] the most influential or ruling doctrine M.III,7.(Page 420),16,1
  8908. 340904,en,15,paramasa,parāmasa,Parāmasa,Parāmasa,[parā+<em>mṛś</em>,but see parāmāsa] touching,seizing,taking hold of M.I,130 (v.l.°māsa which reading is probably to be preferred,cp.Trenckner on p.541); S.III,46 (v.l.°māsa).-- neg.aparāmasa not leading astray,not enticing D.I,17 (°to),202.-- Perhaps we should read <i>parāmāsa</i> altogether.(Page 421),8,1
  8909. 340911,en,15,paramasa,parāmāsa,Parāmāsa,Parāmāsa,[parā+<em>mṛś</em>,cp.Epic Sk.parāmarśa being affected by; as philos.term “reflection”] touching,contact,being attached to,hanging on,being under the influence of,contagion (Dhs.trsl.316).In Asl.49,Bdhgh analyses as parato āmasantīti parāmāsā:p.means “they handle dhamma’s as other” (than what they really are,e.g.they transgress the real meaning of anicca etc.and say nicca).Hence the renderings in Asl.trs.“Reversion,” in Dialogues III,28,43,etc.“perverted” (parāmasāmi parāmaṭṭha) -- S.III,46,110; A.II,42 (sacca°); III,377 (sīlabbata°),438 (id.); V,150 (sandiṭṭhi°); D.III,48; Th.1,342; It.48 (itisacca°,cp.idaṃsaccabhinivesa under kāyagantha); Pug.22; Dhs.381,1003,1175 (diṭṭhi° contagion of speculative opinion),1498 (id.).It is almost synonymous with <i>abhinivesa;</i> see kāyagantha (under gantha),and cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 227 (gāha p.abhinivesa) and Nd<sup>2</sup> under taṇhā III,1 C.-See also <i>parāmasa</i>.(Page 421),8,1
  8910. 340922,en,15,paramasana,parāmasana,Parāmasana,Parāmasana,(nt.) [fr.parāmasati] touching,seizing,taking up Nd<sup>2</sup> 576 (daṇḍa-sattha°); DhsA.239 (aṅgapaccaṅga°); PvA.159 (kiriyā°).(Page 421),10,1
  8911. 340937,en,15,paramasati,parāmasati,Parāmasati,Parāmasati,[para+masati of <em>mṛś</em>] to touch,hold on to,deal with,take up,to be attached or fall a victim to (Acc.) Vin.II,47,195,209; D.I,17; M.I,257; S.III,110; J.IV,138; in comb<sup>n</sup> with gaṇhāti &#38; nandati (abhiniveseti) at Nd<sup>2</sup> 227.-- ger.<i>parāmassa</i> D.II,282; M.I,130,498 (but cp.p.541); grd.parāmasitabba J.I,188.-- pp.<i>parāmaṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 421),10,1
  8912. 340947,en,15,paramasin,parāmāsin,Parāmāsin,Parāmāsin,(adj.) [fr.parāmāsa] grasping,seizing,perverting D.III,48; M.I,43,96 (sandiṭṭhi°).(Page 421),9,1
  8913. 340964,en,15,paramata,paramatā,Paramatā,Paramatā,(f.) [fr.parama,Vedic paramatā highest position] the highest quantity,measure on the outside,minimum or maximum D.I,60 (ghāsa-cchādana-paramatāya santuṭṭho contented with a minimum of food &#38; clothing; DA.I,169 expl<sup>s</sup> by uttamatāya); M.I,10 (abyābajjha°); S.I,82 (nāḷik’odana-paramatāya on a nāḷi of boiled rice at the most); freq.in phrase <i>sattakkhattuṃ</i> p.interval of seven rebirths at the outside (cp.parama),being reborn seven times at the most S.II,134 sq.; V,458; Kvu 469 (cp.Kvu trsl.268<sup>3</sup>).(Page 420),8,1
  8914. 340978,en,15,paramattha,parāmaṭṭha,Parāmaṭṭha,Parāmaṭṭha,[pp.of parāmasati] touched,grasped,usually in bad sense:succumbing to,defiled,corrupted D.I,17; for a different,commentarial interpretation see Parāmāsa (evaṃ° so acquired or taken up; cp.DA.I,107:nirāsaṅka-cittatāya punappuna āmaṭṭha); S.II,94; Nd<sup>2</sup> 152 (gahita p.abhiniviṭṭha; cp.gahessasi No.227); Dhs.584,1177,1500; Sdhp.332.--dup° wrongly grasped,misused S.I,49.--<i>apparāmaṭṭha</i> [cp.BSk.aparāmṛṣta not affected Mvyutp.p.84] untarnished,incorrupt D.II,80 (cp.Dial II.85); III,245; S.II,70; A.III,36.(Page 421),10,1
  8915. 341013,en,15,parami,pāramī,Pāramī,Pāramī,(f.) [abstr.fr.parama,cp.BSk.mantrāṇāṃ pāramiṃ gata Divy 637] completeness,perfection,highest state Sn.1018,1020; Pug.70; DhA.I,5; VvA.2 (sāvakañāṇa°); PvA.139; Sdhp.328.In later literature there is mentioned a group of 10 perfections (<i>dasa pāramiyo</i>) as the perfect exercise of the 10 principal virtues by a Bodhisatta,viz.dāna°,sīla°,nekkhamma°,paññā°,viriya°,khanti°,sacca°,adhiṭṭhāna°,mettā°,upekhā° J.I,73; DhA.I,84.<br><br> <i>--ppatta</i> (pārami°) having attained perfection M.III,28; Nd<sup>2</sup> 435; Miln.21 22; cp.Miln.trsl.I.34.(Page 454),6,1
  8916. 341028,en,15,paramita,pāramitā,Pāramitā,Pāramitā,(f.) [pāramī+tā]=pāramī Nett 87.(Page 454),8,1
  8917. 341127,en,15,parapata,pārāpata,Pārāpata,Pārāpata,[Epic Sk.pārāvata] a dove,pigeon J.I,242; V,215; VvA.167 (°akkhi); Pgdp 45.See the doublet <i>pārevata</i>.(Page 454),8,1
  8918. 341192,en,15,parasupahara,parasupahāra,Parasupahāra,Parasupahāra,at S.V,441 is to be corrected to <i>pharasu°</i>.(Page 420),12,1
  8919. 341216,en,15,parattha,parattha,Parattha,Parattha,(adv.) [Vedic parastāt beyond] elsewhere,hereafter,in the Beyond,in the other world S.I,20; Sn.661=It.42=Dh.306; Dh.177; J.II,417; Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup> (=paraloke PvA.60); III,1<sup>20</sup> (=samparāye PvA.177); SnA 478 (=paraloke).(Page 420),8,1
  8920. 341260,en,15,parayana,parāyana,Parāyana,Parāyana,(Parāyaṇa) (nt.) [fr.parā+<em>i</em>,cp.Vedic parāyaṇa highest instance,also BSk.parāyaṇa e.g.Divy 57,327] 1.(n.) final end,i.e.support,rest,relief S.I,38; A.I,155,156 (tāṇa lena dīpa etc.); J.V,501=VI,375 (dīpañ ca p.).-- 2.(adj.--°) (a) going through to,ending in,aiming at,given to,attached to,having one’s end or goal in; also:finding one’s support in (as daṇḍa° leaning on a stick M.I,88; A.I,138),in foll.phrases prevalent:Amata° S.V,217 sq.; tama° Pug.51; Nibbāna° S.IV,373; V,218; brahmacariya° S.I,234; Maccu° S.V,217; sambodhi° D.I,156; II,155; Pug.16.Cp.also Sn.1114 (tap°=tad°,see Nd<sup>2</sup> 411); Miln.148 (ekantasoka°); DhA.I,28 (rodana,i.e.constantly weeping).‹-› (b) destined to,having one’s next birth in.,e.g.Avīci° J.III,454; IV,159; duggati° PvA.32; devaloka° J.I,218; brahmaloka° J.III,396; Miln.234; sagga° J.VI,329; PvA.42,160; sugati° PvA.89 similarly nīlamañca° Pv.II,2<sup>5</sup>.See also <i>pārāyana</i>.(Page 421),8,1
  8921. 341268,en,15,parayana,pārāyana,Pārāyana,Pārāyana,(nt.) [late Sk.pārāyaṇa,the metric form of parāyana] the highest (farthest) point,final aim,chief object,ideal; title of the last Vagga of the Sutta Nipāta A.III,401; Sn.1130; Nd<sup>2</sup> 438; SnA 163,370,604.(Page 454),8,1
  8922. 341282,en,15,parayika,parāyika,Parāyika,Parāyika,see sam°.(Page 421),8,1
  8923. 341283,en,15,parayin,parāyin,Parāyin,Parāyin,(adj.) [fr.parāyana] having one’s refuge or resort (in),being supported,only neg.<i>aparāyinī</i> (f.) without support J.III,386.(Page 421),7,1
  8924. 341285,en,15,pare,pare,Pare,Pare,(adv.) see para 2 c.(Page 439),4,1
  8925. 341297,en,15,pareta,pareta,Pareta,Pareta,[pp.of pareti,more likely para+<em>i</em> than pari+<em>i</em>,although BSk.correspondent is parīta,e.g.śokaparīta Jtm 31<sup>94</sup>] gone on to,affected with,overcome by (-°),syn.with <i>abhibhūta</i> (e.g.PvA.41,80).Very frequent in comb<sup>n</sup> with terms of suffering,misadventure and passion,e.g.khudā°,ghamma°,jighacchā°,dukkha°,dosa°,rāga°,soka°,sneha°,Vin.I,5; D.II,36; M.I,13,114,364,460; III,14,92; S.II,110; III,93; IV,28; A.I,147=It.89; A.III,25,96; Sn.449,736,818 (=samohita samannāgata pihita Nd<sup>1</sup> 149) 1092,1123; J.III,157; Pv.I,8<sup>6</sup>; II,2<sup>4</sup>; Miln.248; PvA.61,93.(Page 439),6,1
  8926. 341303,en,15,pareti,pareti,Pareti,Pareti,[in form=parā+<em>i </em>but more likely pari+<em>i</em>,thus= pariyeti] to set out for,go on to,come to (Acc.) S.II,20; A.V,2,139 sq.,312; J.V,401 (=pakkhandati C.).pp.<i>pareta</i> (q.v.).(Page 439),6,1
  8927. 341305,en,15,pareti,pāreti,Pāreti,Pāreti,[denom.fr.pāra; cp.Lat.portare] to make go through,to bore through,pierce,break (?) J.III,185 (reading uncertain).(Page 455),6,1
  8928. 341311,en,15,parevata,pārevata,Pārevata,Pārevata,[the Prk.form (cp.Māgadhi pārevaya) of the Sk.pārāpata,which appears also as such in P.] 1.a dove,pigeon A.I,162 (dove-coloured); Vv 363 (°akkhi= pārāpat’akkhi VvA.167); J.VI,456.-- 2.a species of tree,Diospyros embryopteris J.VI,529,539.(Page 455),8,1
  8929. 341320,en,15,pari°,pari°,Pari°,Pari°,(indecl.) [Idg.*peri to verbal root <i>*</i><em>per</em>,denoting completion of a forward movement (as in Sk.<em>pṛ<sup>2</sup></em>,piparti.to bring across,promote; cp.Vedic <em>pṛc</em> to satisfy,pṛṇāti to fill,fulfill.See also P.para).Cp.Vedic pari,Av.pairi,Gr.pέri,Lat.per (also in adj.per-magnus very great); Obulg.pariy round about,Lith.per̃ through,Oir er- (intensifying prefix),Goth.faír,Ohg.fir,far=Ger.ver-] prefix,signifying (lit.) around,round about; (fig.) all round,i.e.completely,altogether.The use as prep.(with Acc.=against,w.Abl.=from) has entirely disappeared in Pāli (but see below 1a).As adv.“all round” it is only found at J.VI,198 (parī metri causa; comb<sup>d</sup> with samantato).‹-› The composition form before vowels is <i>pariy°</i>,which in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>ud</i> and <i>upa</i> undergoes metathesis,scil.<i>payir°</i>.Frequent comb<sup>ns</sup> with other preps.are pari +<i>ā</i> (pariyā°) and pari+<i>ava</i> (pariyo°); <i>sampari°</i>.Close affinities of p.are the preps.<i>adhi</i> (cp.ajjhesati› pariyesati,ajjhogāhati›pariyogāhati) and <i>abhi</i> (cp.abhirādheti›paritoseti,abhitāpa›paritāpa,abhipīḷita›pari°,abhipūreti›pari°,abhirakkhati›pari°),cp.also its relation to <i>ā</i> in var.comb<sup>ns</sup>.-- Meanings.1.(lit.) (a) away from,off (cp.Vedic pari as prep.c.Abl.:) °kaḍḍhati to draw over,seduce,°cheda cutting off,restriction,°puñchati wipe off.-- (b) all round,round (expl<sup>d</sup> by samantato,e.g.at Vism.271 in pallaṅka):°anta surrounded,°esati search round,°kiṇṇa covered all round (i.e.completely,cp.expl<sup>n</sup> as “samantato ākiṇṇa”),°carati move round,°jana surrounding people,°dhāvati run about,°dhovati wash all round,°paleti watch all round,fig.guard carefully,°bhamati roam about,°maṇḍala circular (round),°sā assembly (lit.sitting round,of <i>sad</i>).-- 2.(fig.) (a) quite,completely,very much,kat) ecoxήn:°ādāna consummation,°āpanna gone completely into,°odāta very pure,°osāna complete end,°gūhati to hide well,°toseti satisfy very much,°pūreti fulfil,°bhutta thoroughly enjoyed,°yañña supreme sacrifice,°suddha extremely clean.-- (b) too much,excessively (cp.ati° and adhi°):°tāpeti torment excessively,°pakka over-ripe.-- A derivation (adv.) from pari is <i>parito</i> (q.v.).On its relation to Sk.pariṣ see parikkhāra.A frequently occurring dialectical variant of pari° is <i>pali°</i> (q.v.).-- Note.The expl<sup>n</sup> of P.Commentators as regards pari is “pariggahaṭṭho” Ps.I,176; “paricca” SnA 88; “parito” VvA.316; PvA.33.(Page 421),5,1
  8930. 341326,en,15,paribadheti,paribādheti,Paribādheti,Paribādheti,[pari+<em>bādh</em>] to oppress,attack PvA.193 (=hiṃsati).(Page 430),11,1
  8931. 341330,en,15,paribahati,paribāhati,Paribāhati,Paribāhati,[pari+bāhati or preferably bāheti:see bahati<sup>3</sup>] to keep out,keep away from,hinder J.I,204 (ger.°bāhiya); PvA.214 (°bāhire).(Page 430),10,1
  8932. 341336,en,15,paribahira,paribāhira,Paribāhira,Paribāhira,(adj.) [pari+bāhira] external,alien to; an outsider Vin.II,140; IV,283; S.I,126; J.I,482; III,213; Nd<sup>1</sup> 144; (parimussati p.hoti,in expl<sup>n</sup> of mussati) Vism.54; PvA.131; ThA.204; DA.I,30.(Page 430),10,1
  8933. 341341,en,15,paribandha,paribandha,Paribandha,Paribandha,at ThA.242 is C.reading for paripantha at Th.2,352; also at Vism.147,152.(Page 430),10,1
  8934. 341349,en,15,paribbaja,paribbāja,Paribbāja,Paribbāja,=paribbājaka S.I,49; Sn.134; Dh.313; DhA.III,485.<i>°vata</i> the vow of a p.ThA.73.(Page 430),9,1
  8935. 341355,en,15,paribbajaka,paribbājaka,Paribbājaka,Paribbājaka,[fr.pari+<em>vraj</em>] a wandering man,a Wanderer,wandering religious mendicant,not necessarily Buddhist (cp.Muir,J.R.A.S.1866,321; Lassen,Ind.Alt II.114,277,468; Vin.Texts I.41) Vin.I,342; IV,285 (bhikkhuñ ca sāmaṇerañ ca ṭhapetvā yo koci paribbājaka-samāpanno); D.I,157; III,1 sq.,35 sq.,53 sq.,130 sq.; M.I,64,84; S.I,78; II,22,119,139; III,257 sq.; IV,230,251,391 sq.; A.I,115,157,185,215; II,29 sq.,176; IV,35 sq.,338,378; V,48 sq.; Sn.537,553; J.I,85; Ud.14,65; DA.I,35; PvA.31.-- f.<i>paribbājikā</i> Vin.IV,285; M.I,305; S.III,238 sq.; Ud.13,43 sq.(Page 430),11,1
  8936. 341365,en,15,paribbajana,paribbājana,Paribbājana,Paribbājana,(nt.) [fr.paribbajati] wandering about or practising the customs of a mendicant SnA 434.(Page 430),11,1
  8937. 341371,en,15,paribbajati,paribbajati,Paribbajati,Paribbajati,[pari+<em>vraj</em>] to wander about (as a religious mendicant) Sn.74,639; It.109; Dh.346,415; J.IV,452.(Page 430),11,1
  8938. 341374,en,15,paribbajayitar,paribbājayitar,Paribbājayitar,Paribbājayitar,[n.ag.of paribbajati] one who indulges in the practice of a Wanderer,fig.one who leads a virtuous ascetic life Sn.537 (T.°vajjayitā).Perhaps we should read <i>°bājayitvā</i> for <i>°bājayitā</i>,cp.SnA 434 nikkhamet[v]ā niddhamet[v]ā.(Page 430),14,1
  8939. 341385,en,15,paribbasana,paribbasāna,Paribbasāna,Paribbasāna,(adj.) [ppr.med.of pari+<em>vas</em>] abiding,staying by Sn.796 (=vasamāna SnA 529; sakāya diṭṭhiyā vasanti Nd<sup>1</sup> 102),878,880,895.(Page 430),11,1
  8940. 341391,en,15,paribbaya,paribbaya,Paribbaya,Paribbaya,[pari+vaya,i.e.*vyaya] 1.earned money,earnings,wages J.I,156 (°ṃ datvā),296 (id.),433; IV,170; DhA.IV,196.-- 2,expense,expenditure J.II,213,(nivāsa° expense for a lodging),249,368; III,287 (°ṃ karoti to invest); VI,383; VvA.75; PvA.3 (sahassaṃ sahassaṃ °ṃ karoti),97 (nicca°); Dāvs.V,66.(Page 430),9,1
  8941. 341407,en,15,paribbhamati,paribbhamati,Paribbhamati,Paribbhamati,[pari+bhamati] 1.to walk or roam about PvA.6,47 (ito c’ito),63 (saṃsāre),100,166 (saṃsare).‹-› 2.to reel about J.III,288; IV,407.-- Caus.<i>°bbhameti</i> to make reel round J.VI,155.(Page 430),12,1
  8942. 341431,en,15,paribbulha,paribbūḷha,Paribbūḷha,Paribbūḷha,(adj.) [pp.of paribrūhati] encompassed,provided with,surrounded A.III,34; Sn.301 (=parikiṇṇa SnA 320); J.IV,120; V,68,322,417; VI,452.(Page 430),10,1
  8943. 341442,en,15,paribhanda,paribhaṇḍa,Paribhaṇḍa,Paribhaṇḍa,[for paribandha,dialectical,see Kern,Toev.I.36,who compares Tamil panda “a surrounding wall” =P.bandha.The meaning is rather uncertain,cp.notes in Vin.Texts II.154; III,85,213] 1.a binding along the back Vin.I,254,297; II,116; J.V,254 (v.l.°daṇḍa).-- 2.a girdle,belt J.VI,125; DhA.II,174.‹-› 3.a plastered flooring Vin.II,113,172,220; J.III,384; IV,92; V,437,440.-- 4.slough of a serpent (?) J.VI,339.-- 5.(°-) adj.encircling,comprehensive,in <i>°ñāṇa</i> Vism.429.(Page 430),10,1
  8944. 341458,en,15,paribhasa,paribhāsa,Paribhāsa,Paribhāsa,[fr.pari+<em>bhāṣ</em>] censure,abuse,blame J.V,373; PvA.175.(Page 430),9,1
  8945. 341466,en,15,paribhasaka,paribhāsaka,Paribhāsaka,Paribhāsaka,(adj.) [fr.paribhāsa,cp.BSk.paribhāṣaka Divy 38] reviling,abusing,abusive S.I,34; A.IV,79; Pv.I,11<sup>6</sup> (=<i>akkosaka</i> PvA.58); IV,8<sup>4</sup>; VvA.69.See also <i>akkosaka</i>.(Page 430),11,1
  8946. 341479,en,15,paribhasati,paribhāsati,Paribhāsati,Paribhāsati,[pari+<em>bhāṣ</em>,cp.BSk.paribhāṣate Divy 38] to abuse,scold,revile,censure,deiame S.I,221; IV,61; Vin.IV,265; Sn.134,663; J.I,112,384 (for °hāsiṃsu) 469; III,421; IV,285 (read paribhāsentī for aribhāsentī); V,294; VI,523; Pv.II,10<sup>8</sup>; Pug.37; Miln.186; PvA.43.-- aor.<i>°bhāsissaṃ</i> Pv IV.8<sup>5</sup>,pl.<i>°bhāsimhase</i> Pv III,1<sup>11</sup>.grd.<i>°bhāsaniya</i> Miln.186.-- Very frequently comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>akkosati</i> (+p.),e.g.at Vin.II,14,296; Ud.44; Pv.I,9<sup>3</sup>; PvA.10.-- pp.<i>paribhaṭṭha<sup>2</sup></i> (q.v.).-- Caus.II.<i>°bhāsāpeti</i> id.Pv.I,6<sup>7</sup>.(Page 431),11,1
  8947. 341494,en,15,paribhata,paribhata,Paribhata,Paribhata,[pp.of pari+<em>bhṛ</em>] nurtured,nourished M.II,56 (sukha°).Also in expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>pāribhaṭyatā</i> (q.v.).(Page 430),9,1
  8948. 341502,en,15,paribhattha,paribhaṭṭha,Paribhaṭṭha,Paribhaṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of paribhāsati] abused,censured,scolded J.VI,187.(Page 430),11,1
  8949. 341503,en,15,paribhattha,paribhaṭṭha,Paribhaṭṭha,Paribhaṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of paribhassati of <em>bhraś</em>] fallen,dropped J.I,482; Th.1,p.12<sup>n</sup>.(Page 430),11,1
  8950. 341507,en,15,paribhatya,pāribhaṭya,Pāribhaṭya,Pāribhaṭya,(nt.) ( &#38; der.) [fr.pari+<em>bhṛ</em>] “petting (or spoiling) the children” (Miln.trsl.II.287) but perhaps more likely “fondness of being petted” or “nurture” (as Vism.trsl.32) (being carried about like on the lap or the back of a nurse,as expl<sup>n</sup> at Vism.28=VbhA.483).The readings are different,thus we find <i>°bhaṭyatā</i> at Vbh.240; VbhA.338,483; °bhatyatā at Vism.17,23,27 (vv.ll.°bhaṭṭatā &#38; °bbhaṭṭatā); °bhaṭṭakatā at Miln.370; °bhaṭṭatā at Vbh.352; KhA 236; Nd2 39.The more det.expln at VbhA.338 is “alaṅkāra-karaṇ’ādīhi dāraka-kīḷāpanaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.” -- See stock phrase under mugga-sūpyatā.(Page 454),10,1
  8951. 341515,en,15,paribhava,paribhava,Paribhava,Paribhava,[pari+<em>bhū</em>] contempt,disrespect Vin.IV,241; A.III,191; J.V,436; VI,164; Vbh.353 sq.; PvA.257.(Page 430),9,1
  8952. 341523,en,15,paribhavana,paribhavana,Paribhavana,Paribhavana,(nt.)=paribhava DA.I,255.(Page 430),11,1
  8953. 341526,en,15,paribhavana,paribhāvanā,Paribhāvanā,Paribhāvanā,(f.) [fr.paribhāveti] permeation,penetration DhsA.163 (=<i>vāsanā</i>).(Page 430),11,1
  8954. 341534,en,15,paribhavati,paribhavati,Paribhavati,Paribhavati,[pari+<em>bhū</em>],also <i>paribhoti</i> to treat with contempt,to neglect,despise S.I,69; A.III,174 sq.(°bhoti); J.III,16; V,442; Miln.23,259; PvA.266.‹-› grd.<i>paribhotabba</i> S.I,69; Sn.p.93.(=paribhavitabba SnA 424).-- Caus.<i>paribhāveti;</i> pp.<i>paribhūta</i> (q.v.).(Page 430),11,1
  8955. 341539,en,15,paribhaveti,paribhāveti,Paribhāveti,Paribhāveti,[Caus.of paribhavati] to cause to be pervaded or penetrated,to treat,supply Vin.I,279 (uppalahatthāni bhesajjehi p.); J.IV,407.-- pp.<i>paribhāvita</i> (q.v.).(Page 430),11,1
  8956. 341547,en,15,paribhavita,paribhāvita,Paribhāvita,Paribhāvita,[pp.of paribhāveti] 1.penetrated,supplied,filled with,trained,set D.II,81 (saddhā-p.cittaṃ,sīla° etc.; trsl.“set round with,” cp.Dial.II.86),cp.S.V,369; Sn.23 (cittaṃ p.; SnA 37 saṃvāsiya); Miln.361; PvA.139 (°aya bhāvanāya codito).-- 2.compounded of,mixed with J.I,380,cp.IV.407; PvA.191.-- 3.fostered,treated,practised Miln.394 (bhesajjena kāyaṃ); PvA.257.-- 4.sat on (said of eggs),being hatched M.I,104; S.III,153; A.IV,125 sq.,176.(Page 430),11,1
  8957. 341553,en,15,paribheda,paribheda,Paribheda,Paribheda,[fr.pari+<em>bhid</em>,see paribhindati] 1.breaking,breaking up,falling to pieces Dhs.738,874.-- 2.bursting,breaking open PvA.55.(Page 431),9,1
  8958. 341558,en,15,paribhedaka,paribhedaka,Paribhedaka,Paribhedaka,(adj.) [fr.paribheda in sense of paribhindati] breaking; a disturber of peace,breedbate J.II,173; III,168; V,245; VI,437.(Page 431),11,1
  8959. 341561,en,15,paribhindati,paribhindati,Paribhindati,Paribhindati,[pari+<em>bhid</em>] 1.to break up,split,create dissension,to set at variance J.I,439; IV,196; V,229; VI,368; PvA.13.-- 2.to break (see °bhinna).-- pp.<i>paribhinna</i>.(Page 431),12,1
  8960. 341566,en,15,paribhinna,paribhinna,Paribhinna,Paribhinna,[pp.of paribhindati] 1.broken,broken up M.I,190 (a°); VvA.184 (°vaṇṇa of broken up appearance,i.e.crumbly.).-- 2.set at variance,disconcerted,split Vin.III,161; J.II,193; DhsA.308; PvA.13.-- Cp.vi° (Page 431),10,1
  8961. 341578,en,15,paribhoga,paribhoga,Paribhoga,Paribhoga,[fr.pari+<em>bhuj</em>] 1.material for enjoyment,food,feeding J.I,243; II,432; Miln.156,403; DhA.II,66; SnA 342.-- 2.enjoyment,use Vin.IV,267; S.I,90; Nd<sup>1</sup> 262; Vism.33 (with pariyesana &#38; paṭiggahana); DhA.I,60; PvA.25,26,220.-- Four paribhogas are distinguished at J.V,253 and at Vism.43,viz.<i>theyya°</i>,<i> iṇa</i>,<i>° dāyajja°</i>,<i> sāmi°</i>.Paribhoga discussed in relation to paṭilābha at Vism.43.<br><br> <i>--cetiya</i> a tree,shrine etc.,used by the Buddha, &#38; consequently sacred KhA 222.<i>--dhātu</i> a relic consisting of something used by the dead Saint (opp.sarīradhātu,remains of the body) Mhvs 15,163.(cp.pāribhogika-dhātu); SnA 579.(Page 431),9,1
  8962. 341592,en,15,paribhogik,pāribhogik,Pāribhogik,Pāribhogik,a (adj.) [fr.paribhoga] belonging to use or enjoyment,with ref.to relics of personal use J.IV,228 (one of the 3 cetiyas,viz.sarīrika,pāribhogika,uddesika); Miln.341 (id.).(Page 455),10,1
  8963. 341603,en,15,paribhojaniya,paribhojaniya,Paribhojaniya,Paribhojaniya,(or <i>°īya</i>) (nt.) [orig.grd.of paribhunjati 2] that which is used for cleaning,water for washing Vin.II,76,208,216 (°ghaṭa),226 (cp.Vin.Texts III,8); III,119 (pāniyaṃ); J.I,416; VI,75; DhA.I,58.(Page 431),13,1
  8964. 341616,en,15,paribhunjana,paribhuñjana,Paribhuñjana,Paribhuñjana,(nt.) [fr.paribhuñjati] eating PvA.35.(Page 431),12,1
  8965. 341627,en,15,paribhunjati,paribhuñjati,Paribhuñjati,Paribhuñjati,[pari+<em>bhuj</em>] 1.to enjoy,to use,to enjoy the use of Vin.II,109; M.I,153 (nivāpaṃ p.),207,S.II,29; Sn.240,241,423; Pv.I,1<sup>2</sup>; I,9<sup>4</sup>; IV,5<sup>2</sup> (=khādituṃ PvA.259); Nd<sup>2</sup> 427 (pariyesati paṭilabhati paribhuñjati); Miln.366,395 (ālopaṃ °bhuñjisaṃ); Pv 3,5 (modake eat up),8,13,23,47; Sdhp.394.-- grd.<i>°bhuñjiya</i> J.I,243 (dup°); &#38; <i>°bhuñjitabba</i> PvA.71 (with nt.abstr.°tabbatta).-- Pass.°bhuñjiyati,ppr.°iyamāna S.I,90.-- 2.[see bhuñjatī<sup>2</sup>] to purify,clean,cleanse M.I,25; J.VI,75.-- pp.<i>paribhutta</i> (q.v.).(Page 431),12,1
  8966. 341643,en,15,paribhuta,paribhūta,Paribhūta,Paribhūta,[pp.of paribhavati] treated with contempt,disregarded,despised Vin.IV,6; S.II,279; Miln.229,288.(Page 431),9,1
  8967. 341652,en,15,paribhutta,paribhutta,Paribhutta,Paribhutta,[pp.of paribhuñjati,cp.BSk.paribhukta Divy 277] used,employed,made use of Vin.II,109 (su°); J.III,257 (a°); DA.I,261 (sayaṃ °bhesajja); SnA 19.(Page 431),10,1
  8968. 341661,en,15,paribrahana,paribrahaṇa,Paribrahaṇa,Paribrahaṇa,(nt.) [to <em>bṛh</em>,see paribrūhati &#38; cp.late Sk.paribarhaṇā] growth,increase,promotion Th.1,p.2<sup>n</sup>.Cp.<i>paribrūhana</i>.(Page 430),11,1
  8969. 341663,en,15,paribruhana,paribrūhana,Paribrūhana,Paribrūhana,(nt.) [fr.paribrūhati,cp.upabrūhana] augmentation,increase Nett 79.(Page 430),11,1
  8970. 341668,en,15,paribruhati,paribrūhati,Paribrūhati,Paribrūhati,[pari+brūhati of <em>bṛh</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>] to augment,increase,do with zest VvA.115.-- Caus.<i>°brūheti</i> [cp.Sk.paribṛnhayati] to make strong,increase J.V,361 (aparibrūhayi aor.med.with a° neg.,i.e.was weakened,lost his strength; but expl<sup>d</sup> by C.as “atibrūhesi mahāsaddaṃ nicchāresi,” thus taking it to <em>brū</em> to speak,which is evidently a confusion).-- pp.<i>paribbūḷha </i>&<i> paribrūhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 430),11,1
  8971. 341671,en,15,paribruhita,paribrūhita,Paribrūhita,Paribrūhita,[pp.of paribrūheti] increased,furthered,strengthened ThA.245.(Page 430),11,1
  8972. 341679,en,15,paribyattata,paribyattatā,Paribyattatā,Paribyattatā,(f.) [pari+vyatta+tā] great distinction,clearness; wide experience,learnedness Miln.349.(Page 430),12,1
  8973. 341681,en,15,paricakkhitar,paricakkhitar,Paricakkhitar,Paricakkhitar,[n.ag.fr.pari+<em>cakṣ</em>,cp.akkhi &#38; cakkhu] one who looks round or enquires,neg.a° J.V,77.(Page 424),13,1
  8974. 341684,en,15,paricara,paricāra,Paricāra,Paricāra,fr.[paricāreti] serving,attendance; (m.) servant,attendant Th.1,632 (C.on this stanza for paddhagū).(Page 424),8,1
  8975. 341688,en,15,paricaraka,paricāraka,Paricāraka,Paricāraka,(adj.-n.) [fr.paricāreti] attending,serving honouring; (m.) attendant,worshipper,follower (cp.BSk.paricāraka attendant AvŚ I.170; II,167] D.I,101; II,200; Th.1,475; Sn.p.218 (Nd<sup>2</sup> reads °cārika); J.I,84; IV,362; Pv IV.8<sup>7</sup> (not °vāraka); DA.I,137,269.See also <i>paricārika</i>.(Page 424),10,1
  8976. 341697,en,15,paricarana,paricaraṇa,Paricaraṇa,Paricaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.pari+<em>car</em>] 1.going about,mode of life DhA.I,382 (gihīnaṃ °ṭṭhānaṃ,v.l.for vicaraṇa°).‹-› 2.attending to,looking after,worshipping DhA.I,199 (aggi-p°-ṭṭhāna fire-place).-- 3.enjoyment,pleasure (indriyānaṃ) PvA.16.See also <i>paricāraṇā</i>.(Page 424),10,1
  8977. 341701,en,15,paricarana,paricāraṇā,Paricāraṇā,Paricāraṇā,(f.) [fr.paricāreti] care,attention,looking after; pleasure,feasting,satisfaction Pv.II,1<sup>2</sup> (gloss for °cārika); PvA.219.(Page 424),10,1
  8978. 341704,en,15,paricaranaka,paricaraṇaka,Paricaraṇaka,Paricaraṇaka,[fr.paricaraṇa] servant,attendant DA.I,269.(Page 424),12,1
  8979. 341714,en,15,paricarati,paricarati,Paricarati,Paricarati,[pari+carati] to move about,in var.senses,viz.1.to go about,look after A.III,94 (upaṭṭhahati+) J.V,421; PvA.175.-- 2.to worship (only in connection aggin p.to worship the fire) D.I,101; S.I,166; Dh.107; J.I,494; Sn.p.79 (=payirupāsati SnA 401).-- 3.to roam about,to feast one’s senses,to amuse oneself,play,sport PvA.77 (indriyāni=kīḷāmi Pv.II,1<sup>21</sup>).-- We often find reading <i>pariharati</i> for paricarati,e.g.at DhA.II,232; cp.paricāreti for °hāreti PvA.175; paricaraṇā for °haraṇā PvA.219.-- pp.<i>pariciṇṇa</i>; Caus.<i>paricāreti</i> (q.v.).(Page 424),10,1
  8980. 341725,en,15,paricareti,paricāreti,Paricāreti,Paricāreti,[Caus.of paricarati] 1.to serve,wait on,attend upon,honour,worship [cp.BSk.paricārayati Divy 114 sq.,421] S.I,124 (pāde); DhA.III,196 (id.); J.I,81 (°cāritabba-ṭṭhāna place of worship); IV,274; V,9.‹-› Pass.<i>paricāriyati</i>,ppr.°iyamāna M.I,46,504; J.I,58.In this sense it may also be taken as “being delighted or entertained by.” -- 2.to amuse oneself,gratify one’s senses,to have recreation,find pleasure [cp.BSk.paricārayati Divy 1,and freq.phrase pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samarpitā samaṅgibhūtā p.e.g.MVastu I.32] Vin.II,290; III,72 (pañcahi kamaguṇehi samappitā etc.); D.I,36 (id.),104 (id.); M.I,504 (id.); Th.1,96 (saggesu); Pv.I,11<sup>6</sup> (=yathā sukkhaṃ cārenti indriyāni PvA.58); IV,1<sup>29</sup> (read °cārayanti for °vārayanti,cp.PvA.228 indriyāni p.).-- pp.<i>paricārita</i> q.v.See also <i>parivāreti</i>.(Page 424),10,1
  8981. 341734,en,15,paricarika,paricārika,Paricārika,Paricārika,(adj.-n.)=paricāraka (servant,attendant) A.V,263 (aggi° fire-worshipper); Pv.II,6<sup>20</sup> (amacca° minister &#38; attendant); ThA.267; SnA 597.-- f.<i>°carikā</i> (1) a maid-servant,handmaiden,nurse,(personal) attendant M.I,253; cp.S.I,125; J.I,204 (<i>pāda°</i>),291; II,395; IV,35 (veyyāvacca-kārikā p.),79; V,420; Pv.II,12<sup>6</sup> (=veyyāvacca-kārinī PvA.157); PvA.46.-- (2) care,attention; pleasure,pastime (so here,probably another form of paricāriyā) Pv IV.1<sup>2</sup> (=indriyānaṃ pariharaṇā PvA.219; gloss <i>°cāraṇā</i>).(Page 424),10,1
  8982. 341740,en,15,paricarin,paricārin,Paricārin,Paricārin,(adj.n.) [fr.paricāreti] serving,attending,f.a maid-servant J.II,395.(Page 424),9,1
  8983. 341742,en,15,paricarita,paricārita,Paricārita,Paricārita,[pp.of paricāreti] served by; delighted by,indulging in M.I,504.(Page 424),10,1
  8984. 341750,en,15,paricariya,paricariyā,Paricariyā,Paricariyā,(f.) [fr.paricarati] going about,service,ministration,worship S.I,182; A.I,132; DhA.II,232 (<i>aggi°</i>).Occurs also as <i>pāricariyā</i> (q.v.),e.g.at J.V,154.See also <i>paricārikā</i>.(Page 424),10,1
  8985. 341756,en,15,paricariya,pāricariyā,Pāricariyā,Pāricariyā,(f.) same as <i>paricariya</i> serving,waiting on,service,ministration,honour (for=Loc.) D.III,189,250,281; M.II,177; S.IV,239; A.II,70; III,284,325,328; J.III,408; IV,490; V,154,158 (kilesa°); PvA.7,58,128.Cp.BSk.pāricāryā MVastu II.225.(Page 454),10,1
  8986. 341769,en,15,paricaya,paricaya,Paricaya,Paricaya,[fr.pari+<em>ci</em>] familiarity,acquaintance J.VI,337; Vism.153; PvA.74.-- adj.(-°) acquainted with,versed in (Loc.) J.II,249 (jāta°),VvA.24 (kata°); PvA.4 (id.),129 (id.).(Page 424),8,1
  8987. 341777,en,15,paricca,paricca,Paricca,Paricca,(indecl.) [ger.of pari+<i>i</i>,cp.Sk.(Gr.) parītya &#38; P.pariyeti] lit.“going round,” i.e.having encircled,grasped,understood; grasping,finding out,perceiving; freq.in phrase <i>cetasā ceto paricca</i> (pajānāti) grasping fully with one’s mind,e.g.at D.I,79; M.I,445; III,12; S.II,121,233; It.12; Vbh.329; Vism.409 (=paricchinditvā).See <i>pariyeti</i>.(Page 424),7,1
  8988. 341786,en,15,pariccaga,pariccāga,Pariccāga,Pariccāga,[fr.pariccajati] 1.giving up,abandonment,sacrifice,renunciation A.I,92 (āmisa° &#38; dhamma° material &#38; spiritual); Ps.II,98; J.I,12 (jīvita°); DhA.III,441 (pañca mahāpariccāgā the five great sacrifices,i.e.the giving up of the most valuable treasures of wife,of children,of kingdom,of life and limb).-- 2.expense DhA.II,231 (<i>sahassa°</i> expenditure of a thousand coins).-- 3.giving (to the poor),liberality DhsA.157; SnA 295 (mahā°,corresponding to mahādāna); PvA.7 sq.; 27,120 sq.,124.(Page 424),9,1
  8989. 341793,en,15,pariccajana,pariccajana,Pariccajana,Pariccajana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°nā</i> (f.) [fr.pariccajati] 1.giving up,rejection,leaving It.11,12.-- 2.giving out,bestowing,giving a donation PvA.124.(Page 424),11,1
  8990. 341798,en,15,pariccajanaka,pariccajanaka,Pariccajanaka,Pariccajanaka,[fr.prec.] one who gives (up) or spends,a giver,donor PvA.7.(Page 424),13,1
  8991. 341805,en,15,pariccajati,pariccajati,Pariccajati,Pariccajati,[pari+cajati of <em>tyaj</em>] to give up,abandon,leave behind,reject S.I,44; It.94; J.II,335; VI,259 (=chaḍḍeti) Miln.207; DhA.IV,204; PvA.121,132,221 (read jīvitaṃ pariccajati for parivajjati; cp.BSk.jīvitaṃ parityakṣyāmi AvŚ I.210); Sdhp.539.-- pp.<i>pariccatta</i> (q.v.).(Page 424),11,1
  8992. 341819,en,15,pariccatta,pariccatta,Pariccatta,Pariccatta,[pp.of pariccajati; cp.BSk.parityakta in meaning “given to the poor” AvŚ I.3] given up,abandoned,thrown out,left behind J.I,69,174,477; Miln.280; PvA.178,219 (=virādhita); Sdhp.374.(Page 424),10,1
  8993. 341827,en,15,paricchada,paricchada,Paricchada,Paricchada,[fr.pari+<em>chad</em>] a cover,covering J.I,341,466.(Page 425),10,1
  8994. 341833,en,15,paricchadana,paricchādanā,Paricchādanā,Paricchādanā,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>chad</em>] covering,hiding,concealing Pug.19=23=Vbh.358.(Page 425),12,1
  8995. 341842,en,15,paricchanna,paricchanna,Paricchanna,Paricchanna,[pari+channa,pp.of <em>chad</em>] enveloped,covered,wrapped round Vin.IV,17.(Page 425),11,1
  8996. 341845,en,15,paricchata,paricchāta,Paricchāta,Paricchāta,[pari+chāta] very much seared,scorched (?) Sdhp.102 (°odara-ttaca).(Page 425),10,1
  8997. 341847,en,15,paricchatta,pāricchatta,Pāricchatta,Pāricchatta,=pāricchattaka,Sn.64 (°ka Nd<sup>2</sup> 439; expl<sup>d</sup> as koviḷāra); J.V,393.(Page 454),11,1
  8998. 341852,en,15,paricchattaka,pāricchattaka,Pāricchattaka,Pāricchattaka,[Epic Sk.pārijāta,but P.fr.pari+chatta +ka,in pop.etym.“shading all round”] the coral tree Erythmia Indica,a tree in Indra’s heaven Vin.I,30; A.IV,117 sq.; Vv 38<sup>1</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> as Māgadhism at VvA.174 for pārijāta,which is also the BSk.form); J.I,40; II,20; KhA.I,122; SnA 485; DhA.I,273; III,211; DhsA.1; VvA.12,110; PvA.137.(Page 454),13,1
  8999. 341865,en,15,pariccheda,pariccheda,Pariccheda,Pariccheda,[fr.pari+<em>chid</em>; late Sk:(philos.) in same meaning] 1.exact determination,circumscription,range,definition,connotation,measure J.III,371; Vism.184 (as one of the nimittas of the body),236 (referring to the 5 nimittas of the life-principle); SnA 160,229,231,376,408,503; KhA 182 (gaṇana°); VvA.194 (id.); DhsA.3; DhA.II,73 (avadhi°); PvA.254 (kāla°),255 (āyuno p.); VbhA.417 (citta°,for citta-paricce ñãṇa Vbh.330).-- 2.limit,boundary Miln.131,405; J.III,504 (°nadī-tīra).-- 3.limitation,restriction DhA.II,88,98; PvA.20 (°ṃ karoti to restrict).-- 4.division (of time),in <i>ratti° </i>&<i> divā°</i>,night- &#38; day-division Vism.416.-- 5.(town)--planning,designing VbhA.331.(Page 425),10,1
  9000. 341870,en,15,paricchedaka,paricchedaka,Paricchedaka,Paricchedaka,(adj.) [fr.pariccheda] determining,fixing VbhA.346 (uṭṭhāna-velā °ā saññā).(Page 425),12,1
  9001. 341881,en,15,paricchindana,paricchindana,Paricchindana,Paricchindana,(nt.) [fr.paricchindati] “cutting up,” definition,analysis VvA.114.(Page 425),13,1
  9002. 341884,en,15,paricchindanaka,paricchindanaka,Paricchindanaka,Paricchindanaka,(adj.) [fr.pari+<em>chind</em>] marking out,defining,analysing,DhsA.157 (ñāṇa).(Page 425),15,1
  9003. 341890,en,15,paricchindati,paricchindati,Paricchindati,Paricchindati,[pari+chindati] 1.to mark out VvA.291 (vasana-ṭṭhānaṃ).-- 2.to determine,to fix accurately,to decide J.I,170 (padaṃ the track),194 (nivāsavetanaṃ); III,371; IV,77; Miln.272; Vism.184,409; SnA 434 (paññāya p.).-- 3.to limit,restrict,define Miln.131; DA.I,132.-- pp.<i>paricchinna</i> (q.v.).(Page 425),13,1
  9004. 341902,en,15,paricchinna,paricchinna,Paricchinna,Paricchinna,[pp.of paricchindati] 1.restricted,limited,small DhA.I,58; PvA.136 (°ppamāṇa).-- 2.divided,measured Vism.184; PvA.185 (=mita).(Page 425),11,1
  9005. 341913,en,15,paricinna,pariciṇṇa,Pariciṇṇa,Pariciṇṇa,[pari+ciṇṇa,pp.of carati] 1.surrounded,attended J.V,90.-- 2.worshipped M.I,497; S.IV,57 (me Satthā p.),cp.Th.1,178 (Satthā ca p.me) &#38; 891 (p.mayā Satthā).-- 3.practised,performed Miln.360.(Page 424),9,1
  9006. 341919,en,15,paricita,paricita,Paricita,Paricita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of pari+<em>ci</em>,ciketi,P.cināti; but perhaps identical with paricita<sup>1</sup>] known,scrutinized,accustomed,acquainted or familiar with,constantly practised Vin.II,95 (vācasā p.),109 (aggi° etc.read aggiparijita); ThA.52; Miln.140 (iddhipādā p.); Dāvs.IV,19.--<i>aparicita</i> unfamiliar DhA.I,71.(Page 424),8,1
  9007. 341920,en,15,paricita,paricita,Paricita,Paricita,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of pari+<em>ci</em>,cinoti,P.cināti] gathered,accumulated,collected,increased,augmented M.III,97; S.I,116; II,264; IV,200; A.II,67 sq.,185; III,45,152; IV,282,300; V,23; Th.1,647; Ps.I,172 (expl<sup>d</sup>); PvA.67; Sdhp.409.(Page 424),8,1
  9008. 341928,en,15,paricumbati,paricumbati,Paricumbati,Paricumbati,[pari+cumbati] to kiss (all round,i.e.from all sides),to cover with kisses M.II,120; S.I,178,193; A.IV,438; DhA.I,330.(Page 424),11,1
  9009. 341946,en,15,paridahati,pariḍahati,Pariḍahati,Pariḍahati,[pari+ḍadati] to burn:Pass.<i>pariḍayhati</i> to be burnt or scorched M.I,422; S.I,188=Th.1,1224; A.I,137; III,95,98; Sn.63; Ps.I,128 (ḷ); Pv.I,6<sup>4</sup> (=parito jhāyati PvA.33); Miln.303; PvA.60.Cp.pariḷāha.(Page 425),10,1
  9010. 341952,en,15,paridahati,paridahati,Paridahati,Paridahati,[pari+dahati,of <em>dhā</em>] to put round,put on,clothe Dh.9 (fut.°dahessati); J.II,197; V,434 (ger.°dahitvā); VI,500; Pv.II,1<sup>18</sup>; PvA.76 (vatthāni),77,127 (°dahissati for paridhassati Pv.II,9<sup>36</sup>,which read for T.parivassati).ger also <i>paridayha</i> J.V,400 (=nivāsetvā cp pārupitvā ca C.).-- pp.<i>paridahita</i> (q.v.).‹-› Caus.II.<i>paridahāpeti</i> to cause to be clothed PvA.49 (=acchādeti).(Page 427),10,1
  9011. 341959,en,15,paridahita,paridahita,Paridahita,Paridahita,[pp.of paridahati] put round,put on (of clothing) PvA.43.(Page 427),10,1
  9012. 341963,en,15,paridamana,paridamana,Paridamana,Paridamana,(nt.) [pari+damana] controlling,taming Vism.375.(Page 427),10,1
  9013. 341967,en,15,paridameti,paridameti,Paridameti,Paridameti,[pari+dameti] to control,tame,keep under Vism.376.(Page 427),10,1
  9014. 341972,en,15,paridanda,paridaṇḍa,Paridaṇḍa,Paridaṇḍa,(adj.) [pari+daṇḍa] “with a stick around,” i.e.surrounded by a stick; only in one phrase viz.“saparidaṇḍā iṭṭhi” a woman protected by a stick,or liable to punishment (?),in stock phrase enumerating 10 kinds of women M.I,286=III,46=Vin.III,139=A.V,264= VvA.73.(Page 427),9,1
  9015. 341989,en,15,pariddava,pariddava,Pariddava,Pariddava,[according to Trenckner M.I,532 (on M.I,56,where SS read p.,whereas BB have parideva) the metrical substitute for parideva; therefore not=Sk.paridrava,which is only a late re-translation of the P.word]=parideva M.I,56 (soka°); A.I,221; Th.2,345 (soka°); Sn.1052,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 416 (see parideva).(Page 427),9,1
  9016. 341996,en,15,parideva,parideva,Parideva,Parideva,[pari+deva of <em>div</em>,devati; only in one passage of Epic Sk.(Mbhār.VII.3014); otherwise <i>paridevana</i> nt.] lamentation,wailing M.I,200; S.II,1; III,3 sq.; A.I,144; II,195; Sn.328,592,811,923,969; J.I,146; VI,188,498; Nd<sup>1</sup> 128,134,370,492; Ps.I,11 sq.,38,59,65; Vbh.100,137; Nett 29.It is exegetically paraphrased at D.II,306=Nd<sup>2</sup> 416 (under pariddava) with synonyms ādeva p.ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ; often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>soka</i> grief,e.g.at D.I,36; Sn.862; It.89; PvA.39,61.-- Bdhgh at DA.I,121 expl<sup>ns</sup> it as “sokaṃ nissita-lālappana-lakkhaṇo p.” (Page 427),8,1
  9017. 342005,en,15,paridevana,paridevanā,Paridevanā,Paridevanā,(f.)=parideva,Sn.585; Nd<sup>2</sup> 416 (see under parideva) Pv.I,4<sup>3</sup> (=vācā-vippalāpa PvA.18); I,12<sup>3</sup>; PvA.41.(Page 427),10,1
  9018. 342016,en,15,paridevati,paridevati,Paridevati,Paridevati,[pari+devati,<em>div</em>] to wail,lament D.II,158 (mā socittha mā paridevittha); Sn.582,774=Nd<sup>1</sup> 38 (as °devayati),166; J.VI,188,498; PvA.18 (socati+); ger.°devamāna S.I,199,208; J.V,106; PvA.38, &#38; °devayamāna Sn.583.-- grd.°devaniya Nd<sup>1</sup> 492; SnA 573, &#38; °devaneyya Sn.970 (=ādevaneyya Nd<sup>1</sup> 493).-- pp.<i>paridevita</i> (q.v.).(Page 427),10,1
  9019. 342028,en,15,paridevita,paridevita,Paridevita,Paridevita,(nt.) [pp.of paridevati] lamentation,wailing Sn.590; Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup> (=ruditaṃ PvA.63); Miln.148 (kanditap.°-lālappita-mukha).(Page 427),10,1
  9020. 342033,en,15,paridevitatta,paridevitatta,Paridevitatta,Paridevitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.paridevita] lamentation etc.; only exegetical construction in expl<sup>n</sup> of parideva at D.II,306=Nd<sup>2</sup> 416.(Page 427),13,1
  9021. 342041,en,15,paridhamsaka,paridhaṃsaka,Paridhaṃsaka,Paridhaṃsaka,(adj.) [fr.paridhaṃsati] destructive,ruinous PvA.15 (°vacano speaking destructively,scandalmonger).(Page 427),12,1
  9022. 342048,en,15,paridhamsati,paridhaṃsati,Paridhaṃsati,Paridhaṃsati,[pari+dhaṃsati] to be deprived,to lose,to come to ruin It.90; Miln.249,265.-- Caus.<i>paridhaṃseti</i> in same meaning at Nd<sup>1</sup> 5.It is almost synonymous with paripatati &#38; parihāyati.(Page 427),12,1
  9023. 342056,en,15,paridhavati,paridhāvati,Paridhāvati,Paridhāvati,[pari+dhāvati] to run about J.I,127 (ādhāvati+),134 (id.),158 (id.); II,68 (id.)=ThA.54; V,106.(Page 427),11,1
  9024. 342071,en,15,paridhota,paridhota,Paridhota,Paridhota,[pp.of paridhovati] washed,rinsed,cleansed,purified D.I,124.(Page 427),9,1
  9025. 342078,en,15,paridhovati,paridhovati,Paridhovati,Paridhovati,[pari+dhovati] to wash (all round),cleanse,clean Vin.I,302.-- pp.<i>paridhota</i>.(Page 427),11,1
  9026. 342084,en,15,paridipaka,paridīpaka,Paridīpaka,Paridīpaka,(adj.) [fr.paridīpeti,cp,dīpaka<sup>1</sup>] illuminating,explaining,explanatory SnA 40 (Page 427),10,1
  9027. 342090,en,15,paridipana,paridīpana,Paridīpana,Paridīpana,(nt.) [pari+dīpana] illuminating,elucidating,explanation Miln.318; KhA 111; SnA 394 sq.(Page 427),10,1
  9028. 342096,en,15,paridipana,paridīpanā,Paridīpanā,Paridīpanā,(f.) [fr.paridīpeti,cp.paridīpana] explanation,illustration Miln.131.(Page 427),10,1
  9029. 342107,en,15,paridipeti,paridīpeti,Paridīpeti,Paridīpeti,[pari+dīpeti] to make bright,to illustrate,to explain Miln.131; Sdhp.491.-- pp.<i>paridīpita</i> (q.v.).(Page 427),10,1
  9030. 342116,en,15,paridipita,paridīpita,Paridīpita,Paridīpita,[pp.of paridīpeti] 1.in flames,set ablaze Th.2,200 (=punappunaṃ ādīpitatāya p.ThA.170),-- 2.explained,made clear,illuminated Vism.58; KvuA 8; Sdhp.305.(Page 427),10,1
  9031. 342123,en,15,pariduseti,paridūseti,Paridūseti,Paridūseti,[pari+dūseti] to spoil altogether,to ruin,corrupt,defile Sdhp.409.(Page 427),10,1
  9032. 342133,en,15,parigalati,parigalati,Parigalati,Parigalati,[pari+galati,see gaḷati] to sink down,slip or glide off J.IV,229,250; V,68.(Page 423),10,1
  9033. 342144,en,15,pariganhana,parigaṇhana,Parigaṇhana,Parigaṇhana,(nt.) [fr.parigaṇhāti] comprehension J.II,7 (°paññā comprehensive wisdom).(Page 423),11,1
  9034. 342153,en,15,pariganhati,parigaṇhāti,Parigaṇhāti,Parigaṇhāti,(&<i> Pariggaheti</i> Caus.) [pari+<em>gṛh</em>] 1.to embrace,seize,take possession of,hold,take up M.I,80,137; J.III,189; DA.I,45.-- 2.to catch,grasp DhA.I,68.-- 3.to go all round DhA.I,91 (sakala-jambudīpaṃ).-- Caus.<i>°ggaheti</i> (aor.°esi,ger.°etvā,inf.°etuṃ) 1.to embrace,comprehend,fig.master Vin.II,213; J.II,28; III,332; SnA 549 (mantāya); DhA.III,242; PvA.68 (hattesu),93; VvA.75.-- 2.to explore,examine,find out,search J.I,162; II,3; III,85,268 (°ggahetuṃ),533; V,93,101; DhA.II,56.-- Caus.II.<i>parigaṇhāpeti</i> J.I,290.-- 3.to comprise,summarise KhA 166,167.-- pp.<i>pariggahita</i> (q.v.).(Page 423),11,1
  9035. 342167,en,15,pariggaha,pariggaha,Pariggaha,Pariggaha,[fr.pari+<em>gṛh</em>] 1.wrapping round,enclosing Th.1,419 (? cp.Brethren 217 n.6).-- 2.taking up,seizing on,acquiring,acquisition,also in bad sense of “grasping” Sn.779 (=taṇhā and diṭṭhi° Nd<sup>1</sup> 57); Ps.I,172; II,182 (nekkhamma° etc.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 11 (itthi° acquiring a wife); J.VI,259; Miln.244 (āhara° abstinence in food),313 (id.).-- 3.belongings,property,possessions D.II,58; III,289=A.IV,400; M.I,137 (quoted at Nd<sup>1</sup> 122); S.I,93; Sn.805; J.IV,371; VI,259; PvA.76 (°bhūta belonging to,the property of); VvA.213,321.<i>sa°</i> with all (its) belongings S.I,32.-- 4.a wife ThA 271; PvA.161 (kata° wedded),282; ThA.271.sapariggaha›apariggaha married›unmarried (in general,with ref.to the man as well as the woman) D.I,247; J.IV,190; VI,348,364.-- 5.grace,favour DA.I,241 (āmisa° material grace).(Page 423),9,1
  9036. 342172,en,15,pariggahaka,pariggāhaka,Pariggāhaka,Pariggāhaka,(adj.) [fr.pariggaha] including,occupying Nett 79 (=upathambhaka C.as quoted in Index p.276).(Page 424),11,1
  9037. 342186,en,15,pariggahita,pariggahita,Pariggahita,Pariggahita,[pp.of parigaṇhāti] taken,seized,taken up,haunted,occupied Vin.III,51 (manussānaṃ p.by men); IV,31,278; DhA.I,13 (amanussa° by ghosts); PvA.87,133; Sdhp.64.-- f.abstr,<i>°tā</i> being possessed (Vism.121 (amanussa°).(Page 424),11,1
  9038. 342203,en,15,parigha,parigha,Parigha,Parigha,[Vedic parigha,of which the usual P.representative is paligha (q.v.)] a cross-bar ThA.211 (°daṇḍa).(Page 424),7,1
  9039. 342206,en,15,parighamsati,parighaṃsati,Parighaṃsati,Parighaṃsati,[pari+ghaṃsati<sup>1</sup>] to rub (too) hard,scrub,scratch,only in ppr.aparighaṃsanto Vin.I,46; II,208.(Page 424),12,1
  9040. 342212,en,15,parigilati,parigilati,Parigilati,Parigilati,[pari+gilati] to swallow J.I,346.(Page 423),10,1
  9041. 342224,en,15,pariguhana,parigūhanā,Parigūhanā,Parigūhanā,(f.) [fr.patigūhati] hiding,concealment,deception Pug.19,23.(Page 423),10,1
  9042. 342230,en,15,pariguhati,parigūhati,Parigūhati,Parigūhati,[pari+gūhati] to hide,conceal A.I,149; IV,10,31; Pv III,4<sup>3</sup> (=paṭicchādeti PvA.194).(Page 423),10,1
  9043. 342248,en,15,parihana,parihāna,Parihāna,Parihāna,(nt.) [fr.pari+<em>hā</em>] diminution,decrease,wasting away,decay S.II,206 sq.; A.II,40 (abhabbo parihānāya),III,173,309,329 sq.,404 sq.(°dhamma); V,103 (id.),156 sq.; It.71 (°āya saṃvattati); Dh.32 (abhabbo p.°āya); Pug.12,14.(Page 438),8,1
  9044. 342259,en,15,parihani,parihāni,Parihāni,Parihāni,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>hā</em>] loss,diminution (opp.vuddhi) S.II,206; IV,76,79; V,143,173; A.I,15; III,76 sq.; IV,288; V,19 sq.,96,124 sq.; J.II,233; DhA.III,335; IV,185.(Page 438),8,1
  9045. 342268,en,15,parihaniya,parihāniya,Parihāniya,Parihāniya,(adj.) [parihāna+ya] connected with or causing decay or loss D.II,75 sq.(°ā dhammā conditions leading to ruin); A.IV,16 sq.; Vbh.381; VbhA.507 sq.-- <i>a°</i> S.V,85.(Page 438),10,1
  9046. 342281,en,15,parihapeti,parihāpeti,Parihāpeti,Parihāpeti,[Caus.of parihāyati] 1.to let fall away,to lose,to waste S.II,29; J.IV,214 (vegaṃ); Miln.244 (cittaṃ to lose heart,to despair); PvA.78.-- 2.to set aside,abandon,neglect,omit Vin.I,72 (rājakiccaṃ); J.II,438; IV,132 (vaṭṭaṃ); V,46; Miln.404 (mūḷakammaṃ).-- Neg.ger.<i>aparihāpetvā</i> without omission DhsA.168; ppr.<i>aparihāpento</i> not slackening or neglecting Vism.122.(Page 438),10,1
  9047. 342294,en,15,parihara,parihāra,Parihāra,Parihāra,[fr.pari+<em>hṛ</em>,cp.<i>pariharati</i>] 1.attention,care (esp.--°),in cpds.like <i>gabbha°</i> care of the fœtus DhA.I,4; <i>dāraka°</i> care of the infant J.II,20; <i>kumāra°</i> looking after the prince J.I,148,II.48; DhA.I,346; <i>dup°</i> hard to protect J.I,437; Vism.95 (Majjhimo d.hard to study?) -- 2.honour,privilege,dignity Vin.I,71; J.IV,306 (<i>gārava°</i>).-- 3.surrounding (lit.),circuit of land J.IV,461.-- 4.surrounding (fig.),attack; in cpd.<i>visama°</i> being attacked by adversities A.II,87; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>Ic</sup>; Miln.112,135.-- 5.avoidance,keeping away from J.I,186.<br><br> <i>--patha</i> “circle road,” i.e.(1) a roundabout way DhA.II,192.(2) encircling game D.I,6=Vin.II,10 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “bhūmiyaṃ nānāpathaṃ maṇḍalaṃ katvā tattha pariharitabbaṃ pariharantānaṃ kīḷanaṃ” DA.I,85; trsl<sup>d</sup> as “keeping going over diagrams” Dial.I.10,with remark “a kind of primitive hop-scotch”).(Page 439),8,1
  9048. 342299,en,15,pariharaka,pariharaka,Pariharaka,Pariharaka,(adj.n.) [fr.pari+<em>hṛ</em>] 1.surrounding or surrounded,having on one’s hands J.II,190 (sukha°,v.l.for °parihaṭa).-- 2.an armlet,bracelet VvA.167 (v.l.°haraṇa; expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>hatthâlaṅkāra</i>.) See also <i>parihāraka</i>.(Page 438),10,1
  9049. 342305,en,15,pariharaka,parihāraka,Parihāraka,Parihāraka,(adj.-n.) [fr.pari+<em>hṛ</em>] surrounding,encircling; a guard A.II,180.(Page 439),10,1
  9050. 342310,en,15,pariharana,pariharaṇa,Pariharaṇa,Pariharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.pari+<em>hṛ</em>] 1.protection,care Vism.500 (gabbha°); KhA 235; DA.I,207 (kāya°); DhA.II,179 (kāyassa).-- 2.keeping up,preservation,keeping in existence; in phrase <i>khandha°</i> DhA.III,261,405.Cp.foll.(Page 438),10,1
  9051. 342316,en,15,pariharana,pariharaṇā,Pariharaṇā,Pariharaṇā,(f.) [=pariharaṇa] 1.keeping up,preserving,care,attention,pleasure PvA.219 (with v.l.°caraṇā; for paricārikā Pv IV.1<sup>2</sup>).-- 2.keeping secret,guarding,hiding,deceiving Vbh.358=Pug.23.(Page 438),10,1
  9052. 342330,en,15,pariharati,pariharati,Pariharati,Pariharati,[pari+<em>hṛ</em>] 1.to take care of,to attend to (Acc.),shelter,protect,keep up,preserve,look after Vin.I,42; II,188; D.II,100 (saṅghaṃ); D.II,14 (gabbhaṃ kucchinā); M.I,124,459; S.III,1; A.III,123; J.I,52 (kucchiyā),143,170; Miln.392,410 (attānaṃ) 418; SnA 78; DhA.II,232 (aggiṃ,v.l.paricarati,which is the usual); PvA.63 (kucchiyā),177.Cp.BSk.<i>pariharati</i> in same meaning e.g.AvŚ I.193,205.-- 2.to carry about D.II,19 (aṅkena); M.I,83; Sn.440 (muñjaṃ parihare,1 sg.pres.med.; SnA 390 takes it as parihareyya); Miln.418 (āḷakaṃ p.).-- 3.(intrs.) to move round,go round,circle,revolve M.I,328; A.I,277 (candima-suriyā p.; cp.A.V,59)=Vism.205; J.I,395; IV,378; VI,519; DA.I,85; PvA.204.-- 4.to conceal Vin.III,52 (suṅkaṃ).‹-› 5.to set out,take up,put forward,propose,only in phrase (Com.style) <i>uttān’atthāni padāni</i> p.to take up the words in more explicit meaning SnA 178,419,437,462.-- pp.<i>parihaṭa</i>.Pass.<i>parihīrati</i> (q.v.).-- See also anupariharati.(Page 438),10,1
  9053. 342341,en,15,pariharika,parihārika,Parihārika,Parihārika,[fr.parihāra] keeping,preserving,protecting,sustaining D.I,71 (kāya° cīvara,kucchi° piṇḍapāta; expl<sup>d</sup> as kāya-pariharaṇa-mattakena &#38; kucchi° at DA.I,207; correct reading accordingly); M.I,180; III,34; Pug.58; Vism.65 (kāya°,of āvara).(Page 439),10,1
  9054. 342345,en,15,pariharin,parihārin,Parihārin,Parihārin,(adj.) [fr.parihāra] taking care of,(worth) keeping S.IV,316 (udaka-maṇika).(Page 439),9,1
  9055. 342350,en,15,pariharitabbatta,pariharitabbatta,Pariharitabbatta,Pariharitabbatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.grd.of pariharati] necessity of guarding Vism.98.(Page 438),16,1
  9056. 342356,en,15,parihariya,pārihāriya,Pārihāriya,Pārihāriya,(adj.) [fr.parihāra] connected with preservation or attention,fostering,keeping Vism.3 (°paññā),98 (°kammaṭṭhāna); SnA 54 (id.).(Page 455),10,1
  9057. 342367,en,15,parihasa,parihāsa,Parihāsa,Parihāsa,[fr.pari+<em>has</em>,cp.parihasati] laughter,laughing at,mockery J.I,116 (°keḷi),377; DhA.I,244.(Page 439),8,1
  9058. 342375,en,15,parihasati,parihasati,Parihasati,Parihasati,[pari+<em>has</em>] to laugh at,mock,deride J.I,457.‹-› Caus.<i>parihāseti</i> to make laugh J.V,297.(Page 438),10,1
  9059. 342382,en,15,parihasimsu,parihāsiṃsu,Parihāsiṃsu,Parihāsiṃsu,at J.I,384 is to be read <i>°bhāsiṃsu</i>.(Page 439),11,1
  9060. 342390,en,15,parihata,parihaṭa,Parihaṭa,Parihaṭa,(°hata) [pp.of pariharati] surrounded by (-°) encircled; only in phrase <i>sukha-parihaṭa</i> (+sukhe ṭhita) steeped in good fortune Vin.III,13 (corr.sukhedhita accordingly!); J.II,190 (pariharaka v.l.BB); VI,219 (=sukhe ṭhita).(Page 438),8,1
  9061. 342394,en,15,parihattha,parihaṭṭha,Parihaṭṭha,Parihaṭṭha,[pp.of pari+<em>hṛṣ</em>] gladdened,very pleased PvA.13.(Page 438),10,1
  9062. 342402,en,15,parihayati,parihāyati,Parihāyati,Parihāyati,[pari+<em>hā</em>] to decay,dwindle or waste away,come to ruin; to decrease,fall away from,lack; to be inferior,deteriorate Vin.I,5; M.III,46 sq.(opp.abhivaḍḍhati); S.I,120,137; III,125; IV,76 sq.; A.III,252; Dh.364; Sn.767; J.II,197; IV,108; Nd<sup>1</sup> 5 (paridhaṃsati+) Miln.249 (id.); Pug.12 (read °hāyeyya for °hāreyya); SnA 167 (+vinassati); PugA 181 (nassati+); PvA.5,76 (v.l.),125 (°hāyeyyuṃ).-- pp.<i>parihīna</i>,Pass.<i>parihiyyati</i>,Caus.<i>parihāpeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 438),10,1
  9063. 342417,en,15,parihina,parihīna,Parihīna,Parihīna,[pp.of parihāyati] fallen away from,decayed; deficient,wanting; dejected,destitute S.I,121; A.III,123; Sn.827,881 (°pañña); J.I,112,242; IV,200; Nd<sup>1</sup> 166,289; Miln.249,281 (a°); PvA.220 (=nihīna).(Page 439),8,1
  9064. 342425,en,15,parihinaka,parihīnaka,Parihīnaka,Parihīnaka,(adj.) [parihīna+ka] one who has fallen short of,neglected in,done out of (Abl.or Instr.) D.I,103.(Page 439),10,1
  9065. 342431,en,15,parihirati,parihīrati,Parihīrati,Parihīrati,[Pass.of pariharati,Sk.parihriyate in development °hriyate›*hiriyati›*hiyirati›°hīrati] to be carried about (or better “taken care of,” according to Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> SnA 253; see also Brethren 226) Sn.205 =Th.1,453.(Page 439),10,1
  9066. 342436,en,15,parihiyyati,parihiyyati,Parihiyyati,Parihiyyati,[Pass.of parihāyati,Sk.°hīyate] to be left,to be deserted,to come to ruin (=dhaṃsati) J.III,260.(Page 439),11,1
  9067. 342443,en,15,parijana,parijana,Parijana,Parijana,[pari+jana] “the people round,” i.e.attendants,servants,retinue,suite Vin.I,15; J.I,72,90; DhA.III,188; VvA.63; PvA.58,62.--<i>saparijana</i> with one’s servants Cp II.8<sup>2</sup> (T.saparijjana metri causâ).(Page 425),8,1
  9068. 342453,en,15,parijanana,parijānanā,Parijānanā,Parijānanā,(f.) [pari+jānanā=jānana] cognition,recognition,knowledge Nett 20 (as paraphrase of pariññā).(Page 425),10,1
  9069. 342464,en,15,parijanati,parijānāti,Parijānāti,Parijānāti,[pari+jānāti] to know accurately or for certain,to comprehend,to recognise,find out M.I,293; S.I,11,24; II,45,99,III,26,40,159; IV,50; V,52,422; A.III,400 sq.; Sn.202,254,943; Nd<sup>1</sup> 426; J.IV,174; Th.1,226; Miln.69; DhA.IV,233 °jānitvā).-- ppr.<i>parijānaṃ</i> S.III,27; IV,89; It.3 sq.-- pp.<i>pariññāta</i> (q.v.).ger.<i>pariññāya</i> see under pariññā<sup>1</sup>.(Page 425),10,1
  9070. 342474,en,15,parijapana,parijapana,Parijapana,Parijapana,(nt.) [fr.parijapati] mumbling,uttering spells Miln.356 (mantaṃ).(Page 425),10,1
  9071. 342478,en,15,parijapati,parijapati,Parijapati,Parijapati,[pari+japati,cp.BSk.parijapta enchanted Divy 397] to mutter (spells),to practise divination J.III,530; Miln.200 (vijjaṃ).(Page 425),10,1
  9072. 342481,en,15,parijata,pārijāta,Pārijāta,Pārijāta,=pāricchattaka,VvA.174.(Page 454),8,1
  9073. 342486,en,15,parijeguccha,parijegucchā,Parijegucchā,Parijegucchā,(f.) [pari+jegucchā] intense dislike of,disgust with (-°) D.I,25,cp.DA.I,115.(Page 425),12,1
  9074. 342490,en,15,parijinna,parijiṇṇa,Parijiṇṇa,Parijiṇṇa,[pp.of pari+<em>jar</em>,i.e.decayed; Kern Toev.s.v.proposes reading °jīna of ji,i.e.wasted,see parijīyati] worn out,gone down,decayed,reduced J.I,111 (seṭṭhi-kulaṃ p.); V,99,100 (bhoga°); VI,364; Dh.148; DhA.II,272 (°kula).(Page 425),9,1
  9075. 342495,en,15,parijita,parijita,Parijita,Parijita,[pp.of pari+<em>ji</em>,jayati; Kern,Toev.s.v.proposes reading parijīta,Sk.form of P.parijīna,pp.of pari+ jīyati,but hardly necessary,see also Vin.Texts III,75] overpowered,injured,damaged Vin.II,109 (so read for paricita).(Page 425),8,1
  9076. 342500,en,15,parijiyati,parijīyati,Parijīyati,Parijīyati,[pari+jīyati] to become worn out,to decay,fade,S.I,186; J.IV,111.Spelt <i>°jiyyati</i> at Th.1,1215.‹-› pp.parijīna (see parijiṇṇa).(Page 425),10,1
  9077. 342502,en,15,parijjana,parijjanā,Parijjanā,Parijjanā,is doubtful reading at A.III,38 (v.l.parivajjanā) =IV.266 (T.reads parijjana,cp.parijana; vv.ll.parivajjanā &#38; parijanā); meaning?.(Page 425),9,1
  9078. 342512,en,15,parijunna,pārijuñña,Pārijuñña,Pārijuñña,(nt.) [abstr.fr.parijuṇṇa,pp.of pari+<em>jur</em>] 1.decay,loss M.II,66; DhA.I,238; VvA.101 (bhoga°).-- 2.loss of property,poverty PvA.3.(Page 454),9,1
  9079. 342521,en,15,parikaddhana,parikaḍḍhana,Parikaḍḍhana,Parikaḍḍhana,(nt.) [fr.prec.] drawing,dragging along J.II,78; Miln.154.(Page 421),12,1
  9080. 342528,en,15,parikaddhati,parikaḍḍhati,Parikaḍḍhati,Parikaḍḍhati,[pari+k°,cp.BSk.parikaḍḍhati MVastu II.255] to draw over or towards oneself,to win over,seduce D.II,283 (purisaṃ); Miln.143 (janapadaṃ).Cp.<i>parikassati</i> and <i>samparikaḍḍhati</i>.(Page 421),12,1
  9081. 342542,en,15,parikamma,parikamma,Parikamma,Parikamma,(nt.) [pari+kamma] “doing round,” i.e.doing up,viz 1.arrangement,getting up,preparation Vin.II,106 (°ṃ kārāpeti),117 (geruka° plastering with red chalk) 151 (id.).<i>parikammaṃ karoti</i> to make (the necessary) preparation,to set to work Vism.395 and passim (with ref.to iddhi).Usually in form <i>parikammakata</i> arranged,prepared Vin.II,175 (bhūmi),as --° “with,” viz.geruka° plastered with red chalk Vin.I,48; II,209; lākhā° J.III,183; IV,256; <i>su°</i> beautifully arranged or prepared,fitful,well worked Miln.62 (dāru),282 (maṇiratana); VvA.188.In special sense used with ref.to jhāna,as <i>kasiṇa°</i> processes whereby jhāna is introduced,preparations for meditation J.I,141; IV,306; V,162,193; DhsA.168; cp.Cpd.54; DhA.I,105.-- 2.service,attention,attending Vin.I,47; II,106,220; S.I,76; Th.2,376 (=veyyāvacca ThA.253); Pug.56; DhA.I,96,333,chiefly by way of administering ointments etc.to a person,cp.J.V,89; DhA.I,250.sarīra° attending the body DA.I,45,186; SnA 52.<br><br> <i>--kāraka</i> one who ministers to or looks after a person,attendant; one who makes preparations Th.2,411 (f.--ikā=paricārikā ThA.267); J.I,232.(Page 422),9,1
  9082. 342559,en,15,parikanta,parikanta,Parikanta,Parikanta,<sup>2</sup> at Vin.II,80 (bhāsita°) is probably to be read as pārikata [pp.of parikaroti].Bdhgh expl<sup>ns</sup> as parik‹-› kametvā kata,but it is difficult to derive it fr.parikkamati.Vin.Texts III,18 trsl.“as well in speech as in act” and identify it with parikanta<sup>1</sup>,hardly justified.Cp.also Kern.Toev.s.v.The passage is evidently faulty.(Page 421),9,1
  9083. 342560,en,15,parikanta,parikanta,Parikanta,Parikanta,<sup>1</sup> [pari+kanta<sup>2</sup> of kantati<sup>2</sup>] cut open Vin.III,89 (kucchi p.).See also parikatta &#38; cp.Kern,Toev.s.v.(misreading for °katta?).-- Note.Reading parikantaṃ upāhanaṃ at J.VI,51 is with v.l.to be changed to pariyantaṃ.(Page 421),9,1
  9084. 342566,en,15,parikantati,parikantati,Parikantati,Parikantati,<sup>2</sup> [pari+kantati<sup>2</sup>] to cut (round),cut through,pierce M.I,244 (vātā kucchiṃ p.); J.III,185 (see parikantati<sup>1</sup>).(Page 422),11,1
  9085. 342567,en,15,parikantati,parikantati,Parikantati,Parikantati,<sup>1</sup> [pari+kantati<sup>1</sup>] to wind round,twist J.III,185 (pāso pādaṃ p.; but taken by C.as parikantati<sup>2</sup>,expl<sup>d</sup> as “cammādīni chindanto samantā kantati”).(Page 422),11,1
  9086. 342580,en,15,parikappa,parikappa,Parikappa,Parikappa,[fr.pari+<em>kalp</em>] 1.preparation,intention,stratagem Th.1,940.-- 2.assumption,supposition,surmise A.I,197; V,271; DhsA.308.(Page 422),9,1
  9087. 342595,en,15,parikappita,parikappita,Parikappita,Parikappita,[pp.of parikappati] inclined,determined,decided,fixed upon Sdhp.362,602.(Page 422),11,1
  9088. 342602,en,15,parikara,parikara,Parikara,Parikara,[fr.pari+<em>kṛ</em><i>;</i> a similar formation belonging to same root,but with fig.meaning is to be found in parikkhāra,which is also expl<sup>d</sup> by parivara cp.parikaroti=parivāreti] “doing round,” i.e.girdle,loincloth J.IV,149; DhA.I,352.-- In cpd.ovāda° it is v.l.SS at D.I,137 for <i>paṭikara</i> (q.v.).(Page 422),8,1
  9089. 342608,en,15,parikaroti,parikaroti,Parikaroti,Parikaroti,[pari+<em>kṛ</em>] to surround,serve,wait upon,do service for J.IV 405 (=parivāreti C.); V,353 (id.),381; VI,592.Cp.parikara &#38; parikkhāra.(Page 422),10,1
  9090. 342614,en,15,parikassati,parikassati,Parikassati,Parikassati,[pari+<em>kṛṣ</em>,cp BSk.parikarṣayati to carry about Divy 475,and parikaḍḍhati] 1.to drag about S.I,44,cp.DhsA.68.-- 2.sweep away,carry away DhA.II,275 (mah’ogho viya parikassamāno,v.l.°kaḍḍhamāno).-- Pass.<i>parikissati</i> (q.v.).(Page 422),11,1
  9091. 342625,en,15,parikatha,parikathā,Parikathā,Parikathā,(f.) [pari+kathā,cp.BSk.parikathā Divy 225,235] 1.“round-about tale,” exposition,story,esp religious tale D.II,204; Vism.41 (=pariyāya-kathā) -- 2.talk about,remark,hint Vin.I,254 (cp.Vin.Texts II.154); Vbh.353=Vism.23 (with obhāsa &#38; nimitta); SnA 497.-- 3.continuous or excessive talk Vism.29.(Page 421),9,1
  9092. 342634,en,15,parikati,parikati,Parikati,Parikati,[*parikṛti of <em>kṛ</em> (?)] arrangement,preparation,getting up J.V,203.(Page 421),8,1
  9093. 342638,en,15,parikatta,parikatta,Parikatta,Parikatta,[pp.of pari+kantati<sup>2</sup>; corresponds to Sk,kṛtta,which is usually represented in P.by kanta<sup>2</sup>] cut round,cut off Miln.188.(Page 421),9,1
  9094. 342643,en,15,parikelana,parikeḷanā,Parikeḷanā,Parikeḷanā,(f.) [pari+keḷanā] adornment,adorning oneself,being fond of ornaments Nd<sup>2</sup> 585<sup>2</sup> (v.l.parilepanā); DA.I,286 has paṭikelanā instead,but Vbh.id.p.351 parikeḷanā with v.l.parikelāsanā.(Page 422),10,1
  9095. 342649,en,15,parikha,parikhā,Parikhā,Parikhā,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>khan</em>,cp.Epic Sk.parikhā] a ditch,trench,moat Vin.II,154; D.I,105 (ukkiṇṇa-parikha adj.with trenches dug deep,comb<sup>d</sup> with okkhittapaligha; expl<sup>d</sup> by khāta-parikha ṭhapita-paligha at DA.I,274); M.I,139 (saṅkiṇṇa° adj.with trenches filled,Ep.of an Arahant,comb<sup>d</sup> with ukkhittapaligha)=A.III,84 sq.= Nd<sup>2</sup> 284 C (spelt kkh); A.IV,106 (nagara°); J.I,240,490; IV,106 (ukkiṇṇ’antaraparikha); VI,276,432; Cp II.1<sup>3</sup> (spelt kkh); Miln.1 (gambhīra°); SnA 519 (°taṭa); PvA.201 (°piṭṭhe),261 (id.),278 (id.,v.l.°parikkhāṭa-tīre).(Page 423),7,1
  9096. 342670,en,15,parikilamati,parikilamati,Parikilamati,Parikilamati,[pari+kilamati] to get tired out,fatigued or exhausted J.V,417,421.-- pp.<i>parikilanta</i> (q.v.).(Page 422),12,1
  9097. 342679,en,15,parikilanta,parikilanta,Parikilanta,Parikilanta,[pp.of parikilamati] tired out,exhausted Miln.303.(Page 422),11,1
  9098. 342682,en,15,parikilesa,parikilesa,Parikilesa,Parikilesa,[pari+kilesa] misery,calamity,punishment ThA.241 (for °klesa,q.v.).(Page 422),10,1
  9099. 342694,en,15,parikilissati,parikilissati,Parikilissati,Parikilissati,[pari+kilissati] to get stained or soiled; fig.get into trouble or misery (?) see parikissati.-- pp.<i>parikiliṭṭha</i> see <i>parikkiliṭṭha</i>.(Page 422),13,1
  9100. 342711,en,15,parikinna,parikiṇṇa,Parikiṇṇa,Parikiṇṇa,[pp.of parikirati] scattered or strewn about,surrounded J.IV,400; VI,89,559; Pv.I,6<sup>1</sup> (makkhikā°= samantato ākiṇṇa PvA.32); Miln.168,285; DA.I,45 (spelt parikkhiṇṇa).Cp.sampari°.(Page 422),9,1
  9101. 342716,en,15,parikirana,parikiraṇa,Parikiraṇa,Parikiraṇa,[fr.pari+kirati] strewing about,trsl<sup>d</sup> “consecrating sites” D.I,12 (vatthu-kamma+vatthu°; v.l.paṭi°; expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,98 as “idañ c’idañ ca āharathā ti vatvā tattha balikamma-karaṇaṃ”).The BSk.form appears to be parīkṣā,as seen in phrase vatthuparīkṣā at Divy 3 &#38; 16.See under parikkhā.(Page 422),10,1
  9102. 342723,en,15,parikirati,parikirati,Parikirati,Parikirati,[pari+kirati] to strew or scatter about,to surround S.I,185=Th.1,1210; aor.parikiri J.VI,592 (v.l.for parikari,see parikaroti).-- pp.<i>parikiṇṇa</i> (q.v.).(Page 422),10,1
  9103. 342734,en,15,parikissati,parikissati,Parikissati,Parikissati,[most likely Pass.of parikassati; maybe Pass.of kisa (=Sk.kṛśa) to become emaciated.Mrs.Rh.D.at K.S.319 takes it as contracted form of kilissati] to be dragged about or worried,to be harassed,to get into trouble S.I,39 (trsl.“plagues itself”); A.II,177; IV,186; Sn.820 (v.l.Nd<sup>1</sup> °kilissati; expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 154 as kissati parikissati parikilissati,with vv.ll.kilissati pakirissati).(Page 422),11,1
  9104. 342742,en,15,parikitteti,parikitteti,Parikitteti,Parikitteti,[pari+kitteti] to declare,praise,make public Miln.131,141,230,383.-- pp.<i>parikittita</i> (q.v.).(Page 422),11,1
  9105. 342747,en,15,parikittita,parikittita,Parikittita,Parikittita,[pp.of parikutteti] declared,announced,made public Sdhp.601.(Page 422),11,1
  9106. 342753,en,15,parikkamana,parikkamana,Parikkamana,Parikkamana,(nt.) [pari+<em>kram</em>] walking about M.I,43,44; adj.<i>sa°</i> having (opportunity for) walking about,i.e.accessible,good for rambling in,pleasant,said of the Dhamma A.V,262 (opp.a°).(Page 422),11,1
  9107. 342760,en,15,parikkha,parikkha,Parikkha,Parikkha,(-°) see <i>parikkhā</i>.(Page 422),8,1
  9108. 342765,en,15,parikkha,parikkhā,Parikkhā,Parikkhā,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>īkṣ</em>,cp.BSk.parīksā Divy 3 &#38; 16 in vastu°,ratna° etc.with which cp.P.vatthu-parikirana] examination,investigation,circumspection,prudence J.III,115; Nett 3,4,126 (cp.Index p.276); Sdhp.532 (attha°).(Page 423),8,1
  9109. 342770,en,15,parikkhaka,parikkhaka,Parikkhaka,Parikkhaka,(adj.) [fr.parikkhati] investigating,examining,experienced,shrewd PvA.131 (lokiya° experienced in the ways of the world,for agarahita).(Page 422),10,1
  9110. 342775,en,15,parikkhana,parikkhaṇa,Parikkhaṇa,Parikkhaṇa,(nt.) [fr.parikkhati; cp.Class.Sk.parīkṣaṇa] putting to the test,trying Sdhp.403 (sarīra°,or should we read parirakkhaṇa? Cp.parirakkhati).(Page 422),10,1
  9111. 342781,en,15,parikkhara,parikkhāra,Parikkhāra,Parikkhāra,[fr.*parikkharoti,cp.late Sk.pariṣkāra] “all that belongs to anything,” make-up,adornment (so Nd<sup>2</sup> 585 bāhirā p.of the body).-- (a) requisite,accessory,equipment,utensil,apparatus Vin.I,50,296 (°colaka cloth required for water-strainers &#38; bags,cp.Vin.Texts II.229); II,150 (senāsana°-dussa clothrequirement of seat &#38; bed); IV,249 sq.,284; D.I,128,137 (yaññassa p.=parivāra DA.I,297); M.I,104 (jīvita°); III,11; S.II,29; A.IV,62 (citt’ālaṅkāraṃ citta-parikkhār’atthaṃ dānaṃ),236 (id.); J.III,470 (sabba°-sampannaṃ dānaṃ with all that belongs to it); V,232; Sn.307; Nd<sup>2</sup> 585; Nett 1 sq.; 4,108; DA.I,294,299; DhA.I,38,240 (geha°),352 (v.l.for parikara); PvA.81 (sabba°).--<i>saparikkhāra</i> together with the (other) requisites,i.e.full of resources; used with reference to the samādhiparikkhārā (see below) D.II,217; M.III,71.-- (b) In a special sense and in very early use it refers to the “set of necessaries” of a Buddhist monk &#38; comprises the 4 indispensable instruments of a mendicant,enum<sup>d</sup> in stock phrase “cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsana-gilānapaccayabhesajja-p.” i.e.robe,alms-bowl,seat &#38; bed,medicine as help in illness.Thus freq.found in Canon,e.g.at Vin.III,132; D.III,268; S.IV,288,291; Nd<sup>2</sup> 523 (as 1<sup>st</sup> part of “yañña”); also unspecified,but to be understood as these 4 (different Vin Texts III,343 which take it to mean the 8 requisites:see below) at Vin.II,267.-- Later we find another set of mendicants’requisites designated as <i>“aṭṭha parikkhārā</i>,<i>”</i> the 8 requirements.They are enum<sup>d</sup> in verse at J.I,65= DA.I,206,viz.ticīvaraṃ,patto,vāsi,sūci,(kāya-) bandhanaṃ,parissāvana,i.e.the 3 robes,the bowl,a razor,a needle,the girdle,a water-strainer.They are expl<sup>d</sup> in detail DA.I,206 sq.Cp.also J.IV,342 (aṭṭhaparikkhāra-dhara); V,254 (kāyabandhana-parissāvanasūci-vāsi-satthakāni; the last-named article being “scissors” instead of a razor); DhA.II,61 (°dhara thera).-- (c) In other comb<sup>ns</sup>:satta <i>nagara°</i> A.IV,106 sq.(cp.nagarûpakārikā D.I,105); satta <i>samādhi°</i> D.II,216; M.III,71; A.IV,40; soḷasa° (adj.) of <i>yañña</i>:having sixteen accessories D.I,134 (cp.Dial.I.174,177),bahu° having a full equipment,i.e.being well-off Vin.III,138; J.I,126.-- Note.A set of 12 requisites (1--8 as under b and 4 additional) see detailed at DA.I,207.(Page 423),10,1
  9112. 342791,en,15,parikkharika,parikkhārika,Parikkhārika,Parikkhārika,(-°) (adj.) [fr.parikkhāra] one who has the parikkhāras (of the mendicant).Usually the 8 p.are understood,but occasionally 12 are given as in the detailed enum<sup>n</sup> of p.at DA.I,204--207.(Page 423),12,1
  9113. 342800,en,15,parikkhata,parikkhata,Parikkhata,Parikkhata,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of *parikkharoti; cp.Sk.pariṣkṛta] made up,prepared,endowed with,equipped,adorned D.II,217; M.III,71; Miln.328.(Page 422),10,1
  9114. 342801,en,15,parikkhata,parikkhata,Parikkhata,Parikkhata,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of pari+<em>kṣan</em>] wounded,hurt,grazed J.III,431; PvA.272 (a°).(Page 422),10,1
  9115. 342807,en,15,parikkhatata,parikkhatatā,Parikkhatatā,Parikkhatatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.parikkhata<sup>2</sup>] “making up,” pretence,posing,sham Pug.19 (23)=Vbh.351 (358).(Page 422),12,1
  9116. 342813,en,15,parikkhati,parikkhati,Parikkhati,Parikkhati,[pari+<em>īkṣ</em>] to look round,to inspect,investigate,examine A.I,162 (vaṇṇaṃ parikkhare 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.).See also parikkhaka,parikkhavant &#38; parikkhā.(Page 422),10,1
  9117. 342821,en,15,parikkhattiya,parikkhattiya,Parikkhattiya,Parikkhattiya,read pāri° (=parikkhatatā) q.v. <i>*Parikkharoti</i> [pariṣ+<em>kṛ</em>] lit.to do all round,i.e.to make up,equip,adorn (cp.parikaroti); pp.parikkhata<sup>2</sup> (q.v.); see also parikkhāra.(Page 422),13,1
  9118. 342822,en,15,parikkhattiya,pārikkhattiya,Pārikkhattiya,Pārikkhattiya,=parikkhattatā,Pug.19=VbhA.358.(Page 454),13,1
  9119. 342824,en,15,parikkhavant,parikkhavant,Parikkhavant,Parikkhavant,(adj.) [fr.parikkhati] circumspect,elever,experienced J.III,114.(Page 423),12,1
  9120. 342829,en,15,parikkhaya,parikkhaya,Parikkhaya,Parikkhaya,[fr.pari+<em>kṣi</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,cp.Epic Sk.parikṣaya] exhaustion,waste,diminution,decay,loss,end D.I,156; M.I,453; III,37 sq.; S.I,2,90,152; V,461; A.I,100,299; II,68; III,46 (bhogā °ṃ gacchanti); IV,148,350; Th.1,929; Sn.374,749,1094 (=pahānaṃ etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 412); Dh.139; J.I,290; Pv.II,6<sup>15</sup>; Pug.16,17,63; Miln.102; DhA.IV,140 (°ṃ gacchati to come to waste,to disappear= atthaṃ gacchati of Dh.384); ThA.285; PvA.3 (dhanasannicayo °ṃ na gamissati).In the latter phrase freq.comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>pariyādāna</i> (q.v.).(Page 423),10,1
  9121. 342838,en,15,parikkhepa,parikkhepa,Parikkhepa,Parikkhepa,[fr.pari+ <em>kṣip</em>] 1.closing round,surrounding,neighbourhood,enclosure Vin.IV,304; J.I,338; IV,266; SnA 29 (°dāru etc.).-- 2.circumference J.I,89; V,37; Vism.205; KhA 133; SnA 194.-- 3.“closing in on,” i.e.fight,quarrel It.11,12.(Page 423),10,1
  9122. 342851,en,15,parikkhina,parikkhīṇa,Parikkhīṇa,Parikkhīṇa,[pp.of parikkhīyati] exhausted,wasted,decayed,extinct Vin.IV,258; M.III,80; S.I,92; II,24; V,145,461; D.III,97,133 (°bhava-saṃyojana); It.79 (id.); A.IV,418,434 (āsavā); Sn.175,639,640; Dh.93; Pug.11,14; Miln.23 (°āyuka); PvA.112 (°tiṇodak’‹-› āhāra).(Page 423),10,1
  9123. 342856,en,15,parikkhinatta,parikkhīṇatta,Parikkhīṇatta,Parikkhīṇatta,(nt.) [abstr.of parikkhīṇa] the fact of being exhausted,exhaustion,extinction,destruction DA.I,128 (jīvitassa); PvA.63 (kammassa),148 (id.).(Page 423),13,1
  9124. 342858,en,15,parikkhinna,parikkhiṇṇa,Parikkhiṇṇa,Parikkhiṇṇa,at DA.I,45 is to be read <i>parikiṇṇa</i> (q.v.).(Page 423),11,1
  9125. 342868,en,15,parikkhipati,parikkhipati,Parikkhipati,Parikkhipati,[pari+ <em>kṣip</em>] to throw round,encircle,surround Vin.II,154; J.I,52 (sāṇiṃ),63,150,166; II,104; III,371; DhA.I,73.-- pp.<i>parikkhitta</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.II.<i>parikkhipāpeti</i> J.I,148 (sāṇiṃ); II,88 (sāṇi-pākāraṃ).(Page 423),12,1
  9126. 342885,en,15,parikkhitta,parikkhitta,Parikkhitta,Parikkhitta,[pp.of parikkhipati] thrown round,overspread,overlaid,enclosed,fenced in,encircling,surrounded by (-°) M.III,46; A.IV,106 (su°); S.I,331 (read valligahana°); Pv IV.3<sup>36</sup> (v.l.for pariyanta as in I.10<sup>13</sup>); Vism.71 (of gāma); ThA.70; DhA.I,42 (pākāra°); PvA.52 (=pariyanta I.10<sup>13</sup>),283 (<i>sāṇī-pākāra°</i>); Sdhp.596.(Page 423),11,1
  9127. 342892,en,15,parikkhiyati,parikkhīyati,Parikkhīyati,Parikkhīyati,[pari+khīyati of <em>kṣi</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>] to go to ruin,to be wasted or exhausted Th.2,347 (=parikhayaṃ gacchati ThA.242).-- pp.<i>parikkhīṇa</i> (q.v.).(Page 423),12,1
  9128. 342893,en,15,parikkilittha,parikkiliṭṭha,Parikkiliṭṭha,Parikkiliṭṭha,[pp.of parikilissati] soiled,stained Vin.II,296 (for parikiliṭṭha,cp.Kern,Toev.s.v.); id.p,at A.II,56 has paṭikiliṭṭha,cp.upakkiliṭṭha Vin.II,295.(Page 422),13,1
  9129. 342894,en,15,parikkita,parikkita,Parikkita,Parikkita,at J.V,74 is probably to be read parikkhita (pari+<em>ukṣ</em>):see okkhita “sprinkled,strewn,” unless it is misreading for parikiṇṇa.(Page 422),9,1
  9130. 342899,en,15,pariklesa,pariklesa,Pariklesa,Pariklesa,[pari+klesa] hardship,misery,calamity S.I,132 =Th.2,191; Th.2,345 (=parikilesa ThA.241).(Page 423),9,1
  9131. 342905,en,15,parikopeti,parikopeti,Parikopeti,Parikopeti,[Caus.of pari+<em>kup</em>] to excite violently Miln.253.(Page 422),10,1
  9132. 342912,en,15,parikujati,parikujati,Parikujati,Parikujati,at Sdhp.145,meaning? Cp.palikujjati.(Page 422),10,1
  9133. 342916,en,15,parikupita,parikupita,Parikupita,Parikupita,[pp.of pari+<em>kup</em>] greatly excited,very much agitated A.II,75; Miln.253.(Page 422),10,1
  9134. 342930,en,15,parilaha,pariḷāha,Pariḷāha,Pariḷāha,[pari+ḍāha of <em>ḍah</em>,cp.pariḍahati.On change of ḍand see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 42<sup>3</sup>] burning,fever; fig.fever of passion,consumption,distress,pain D.III,238 (avigata°),289 (°nānatta); M.I,101 (kāme); S.II,143 sq.(°nānatta),151 (kāma°; vyāpāda°,vihiṃsā°); III,7 sq.(taṇhā,pipāsā,p.),190 (vigata°); IV,387; V,156 (kāyasmiṃ),451 (jāti°,jarā°); A.I,68 (kāma°),137 (rāgaja,mohaja etc.); II,197 (vighāta); III,3,245 sq.,388 sq.; IV,461 sq.; Sn.715 (=rāgajo vā dosajo vā appamattako pi p.SnA 498); Dh.90 (cp.DhA.II,166:duvidho p.kāyiko cetasiko ca); Nd<sup>2</sup> 374 (kāma°); J.II,220; Miln.97,165,318; ThA.41,292; VvA.44; PvA.230.(Page 435),8,1
  9135. 342937,en,15,parillaka,parillaka,Parillaka,Parillaka,[cp.Sk.pirilī,pirillī Bṛh.Saṃh.86,44] N.of a bird (C.on Th.1,49).(Page 435),9,1
  9136. 342939,en,15,parima,parima,Parima,Parima,=parama (cp.Geiger P.Gr.19<sup>1</sup>) M.III,112.(Page 431),6,1
  9137. 342944,en,15,parima,pārima,Pārima,Pārima,(adj.) [superl.form.fr.pāra] yonder,farther,only comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>°tīra</i> the farther shore D.I,244; M.I,134,135; S.IV,174; Miln.269; DhA.II,100.Cp.BSk.pārimaṃ tīraṃ AvŚ I.148.(Page 454),6,1
  9138. 342951,en,15,parimaddana,parimaddana,Parimaddana,Parimaddana,(nt.) [fr.pari+<em>mṛd</em>] rubbing,kneading,shampooing,massage; usually in stock phrase (kāyo) <i>anicc’--ucchādana-parimaddana-bhedana-viddhaṃsanadhammo</i> D.I,76 (cp.DA.I,88,but trsl<sup>d</sup> at Dial.I.87 as “subject to erasion,abrasion,dissolution and disintegration”); M.I,500; S.IV,83; J.I,416.See further D.I,7; A.I,62; IV,54 (ucchādana-p.-nahāpana-sambāhana); Miln.241 (ucchādana°); Sdhp.578.(Page 431),11,1
  9139. 342959,en,15,parimaddati,parimaddati,Parimaddati,Parimaddati,[pari+<em>mṛd</em>] 1.to rub,crush,rub off,treat,shampoo,massage J.IV,137 (sarīraṃ examine the body); Miln.241.-- Of leather (i.e.treat) M.I.128.-- 2.to go together with,to frequent DhA.I,90 (samayaṃ p.).-- pp.<i>parimaddita</i> (q.v.).(Page 431),11,1
  9140. 342965,en,15,parimaddhita,parimaddhita,Parimaddhita,Parimaddhita,[pp.of pari+maddheti,Caus.of <em>mṛdh</em> to neglect] brought to an end or standstill,destroyed J.I,145 (°saṅkhāra).(Page 431),12,1
  9141. 342973,en,15,parimaddita,parimaddita,Parimaddita,Parimaddita,[pp.of parimaddati] crushed,rubbed,treated M.I,129 (su° well-treated).(Page 431),11,1
  9142. 342981,en,15,parimajjaka,parimajjaka,Parimajjaka,Parimajjaka,(adj.) [fr.pari+<em>marj</em>] touching,reaching (up to) Miln.343 (candasuriya°,cp.MVastu II,candramasūrya-parimārjako maharddhiko etc.).(Page 431),11,1
  9143. 342987,en,15,parimajjana,parimajjana,Parimajjana,Parimajjana,(nt.) [fr.parimajjati] 1.wiping off or out Pug.33 (ukkhali°).-- 2.rubbing,grooming (a horse) A.V,166,168 (ājānīya°).(Page 431),11,1
  9144. 342994,en,15,parimajjati,parimajjati,Parimajjati,Parimajjati,[pari+majjati] 1.to wipe away,wipe off or out M.I,78.-- 2.to touch,stroke D.I,78; M.III,12; S.II,121; Dh.394; J.I,192,305; II,395 (piṭṭhiṃ).-- 3.to rub,polish,groom (a horse) A.V,166,168.-- pp.<i>parimaṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 431),11,1
  9145. 343011,en,15,parimana,parimāṇa,Parimāṇa,Parimāṇa,(nt.) [of pari+<em>mā</em>] measure,extent,limit,as adj.(-°) measuring,extending over,comprising J.I,45; SnA 1 (pariyatti°); PvA.113 (yojana°),102 (anekabhāra°).-- neg.<i>aparimāṇa</i> without limit,immeasurable,very great Vin.II,62,70; S.V,430; A.II,182; KhA 248; DA.I,288 (°vaṇṇa); PvA.110,129.(Page 431),8,1
  9146. 343019,en,15,parimandala,parimaṇḍala,Parimaṇḍala,Parimaṇḍala,(adj.) [pari+maṇḍala] 1.round,circular J.I,441; II,406 (āvāṭa); VI,42; Pv IV.3<sup>28</sup> (guḷa°); Dhs.617 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DhsA.317 as “egg-shaped,” kukkuṭ-aṇḍasaṇṭhāna).-- nt.as adv.in phrase <i>°ṃ nivāseti</i> to dress or cover oneself all round Vin.I,46; II,213; IV,185 (= nābhimaṇḍalaṃ jānu-maṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena C.; cp.timaṇḍala).-- 2.rounded off,i.e.complete,correct,pleasant,in phrase <i>°āni padavyañjanāni</i> well sounding words and letters,correct speech Vin.II,316; M.I,216; A.I,103; DA.I,282; SnA 177,370.(Page 431),11,1
  9147. 343038,en,15,parimarita,parimārita,Parimārita,Parimārita,[pp.of pari+māreti,Caus.of <em>mṛ</em>] mortified,only in phrase <i>°indriya</i> J.I,361; III,515; IV,9,306; V,152; Dāvs.I,16.(Page 431),10,1
  9148. 343044,en,15,parimasati,parimasati,Parimasati,Parimasati,[pari+<em>mṛś</em>] to touch,stroke,grasp (usually comb<sup>d</sup> with parimajjati),D.I,78; II,17; M.I,34,80; III,12; S.II,121; IV,173; A.III,70.-- pp.<i>parimaṭṭha</i> (same as pp.of <i>parimajjati</i>),q.v.(Page 431),10,1
  9149. 343051,en,15,parimattha,parimaṭṭha,Parimaṭṭha,Parimaṭṭha,[pp.of parimajjati] rubbed,stroked,polished,in su° well polished S.II,102.See also <i>palimaṭṭha</i>.(Page 431),10,1
  9150. 343054,en,15,parimeyya,parimeyya,Parimeyya,Parimeyya,(adj.) [grd.of parimināti] to be measured,neg.a° countless,immeasurable Miln.331,388; PvA.212.(Page 431),9,1
  9151. 343059,en,15,pariminati,parimināti,Parimināti,Parimināti,[pari+<em>mā</em>] to measure,mete out,estimate,limit,restrict; inf.<i>°metuṃ</i> Miln.192; ThA.26; and <i>°minituṃ</i> Miln.316; grd.<i>°meyya</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>parimita</i> (q.v.).(Page 431),10,1
  9152. 343063,en,15,parimita,parimita,Parimita,Parimita,[pp.of parimināti] measured,restricted,limited,only in neg.<i>a°</i> measureless Pv.II,8<sup>11</sup>; Miln.287,343.(Page 431),8,1
  9153. 343068,en,15,parimitatta,parimitatta,Parimitatta,Parimitatta,(nt.) [fr.parimita] the condition of being measured PvA.254.(Page 431),11,1
  9154. 343081,en,15,parimoceti,parimoceti,Parimoceti,Parimoceti,[Caus.of parimuccati] to set free,deliver,release D.I,96; J.I,28 (V.203); Miln.334; DA.I,263; DhA.I,39.(Page 432),10,1
  9155. 343091,en,15,parimohita,parimohita,Parimohita,Parimohita,(adj.) [pp.of pari+Caus.of <em>muh</em>] very confused,muddled,dulled,bewildered,infatuated Sdhp.206.(Page 432),10,1
  9156. 343100,en,15,parimuccati,parimuccati,Parimuccati,Parimuccati,[Pass.of pari+<em>muc</em>] to be released,to be set free,to escape Vin.II,87; M.I,8; S.I,88,208; II,24,109; III,40,150,179; Miln.213,335 (jātiyā etc.) aor.<i>°mucci</i> M.I,153.-- pp.<i>parimutta;</i> Caus.<i>parimoceti</i> (q.v.).(Page 432),11,1
  9157. 343112,en,15,parimukha,parimukha,Parimukha,Parimukha,(adj.) [pari+mukha] facing,in front; only as nt.adv.°ṃ in front,before,in phrase parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapeti “set up his memory in front” (i.e.of the object of thought),to set one’s mindfulness alert Vin.I,24; D.II,291; M.I,56,421; S.I,170; A.III,92; It.80; Ps.I,176 (expl<sup>d</sup>); Pug.68; DA.I,210.Also in phrase °ṃ kārāpeti (of hair) Vin.II,134 “to cut off (?) the hair in front” (i.e.on the breast) Vin.Texts III,138,where is quoted Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> “ure loma-saṃharaṇaṃ.” (Page 431),9,1
  9158. 343123,en,15,parimussati,parimussati,Parimussati,Parimussati,[pari+mussati] to become bewildered or disturbed,to vanish,fall off Nd<sup>1</sup> 144.(Page 432),11,1
  9159. 343129,en,15,parimutta,parimutta,Parimutta,Parimutta,[pp.of parimuccati] released,set free,delivered S.III,31.(Page 432),9,1
  9160. 343134,en,15,parimuttha,parimuṭṭha,Parimuṭṭha,Parimuṭṭha,[pari+muṭṭha,pp.of mussati,cp.pamuṭṭha] forgetful,bewildered Vin.I,349=J.III,488 (=muṭṭhassati C.); cp.Vin.Texts II.307.(Page 432),10,1
  9161. 343138,en,15,parimutti,parimutti,Parimutti,Parimutti,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>muc</em>] release J.I,4 (V.20); Miln.112,227; PvA.109.(Page 432),9,1
  9162. 343145,en,15,parinaha,pariṇāha,Pariṇāha,Pariṇāha,[fr.pari+<em>nah</em>] compass,circumference,breadth,extent,girth S.II,206 (of the moon)=A.V,19; J.III,192,277,370; V,299; Pug.53; Miln.282,311; SnA 382 (āroha+).(Page 426),8,1
  9163. 343156,en,15,parinama,pariṇāma,Pariṇāma,Pariṇāma,[fr.pari+<em>nam</em>,cp.class Sk.pariṇāma in all meanings] “bending round,” i.e.1.change,alteration,in <i>utu°</i> (sudden) change of season,unseasonable weather,with ref.to illnesses caused by such (°ja ābādhā)=illness arising from the change of season A.II,87; III,131; V,110; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>1</sup>; Miln.112,135 sq.,304; Vism.31.-- 2.alteration of food,digestion,in phrase sammā-pariṇāmaṃ gacchati M.I,188; S.I,168; A.III,30; cp.MVastu I.211.-- 3.ripening Miln.93.‹-› 4.course,development,fulfilment,in special sense:dispensation,destiny J.V,171; Pv IV.3<sup>25</sup>; PvA.252,254.-- Cp.vi°.(Page 426),8,1
  9164. 343167,en,15,parinamana,pariṇāmana,Pariṇāmana,Pariṇāmana,(nt.) [fr.parinamati] diverting to somebody’s use Vin.IV,157.(Page 426),10,1
  9165. 343173,en,15,parinamati,pariṇamati,Pariṇamati,Pariṇamati,[pari+namati] 1.to change (trs. &#38; intrs.),lit.to bend round,to turn (round),to be transformed into (Acc.) S.III,3 (reading pariṇamati once,at other passages vi°,cp.p.40); Miln.136 (bhojanaṃ visamaṃ p.food changes,i.e.turns bad),277 (id.); VvA.13; PvA.144 (for parivattati Pv.II,10<sup>5</sup>),194 (id.III,4<sup>4</sup>).-- 2.to change into a diff.state,to ripen,mature (often said of the fœtus) Miln.93,358.-- pp.<i>pariṇata</i> (q.v.).‹-› Caus.<i>pariṇāmeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 426),10,1
  9166. 343184,en,15,parinameti,pariṇāmeti,Pariṇāmeti,Pariṇāmeti,[Caus.of parinamati] to bend to,to change into,to turn to use for somebody,to procure for,obtain,appropriate D.I,92; Vin.III,259 (puttassa rajjaṃ p.for his son); IV,156; PvA.281.-- ppr.<i>°ṇāmayamāna</i> J.V,424.See also āvajjeti.-- pp.<i>pariṇāmita</i> (q.v.).(Page 426),10,1
  9167. 343194,en,15,parinamin,pariṇāmin,Pariṇāmin,Pariṇāmin,(adj.) [fr.pariṇāma] ending in,resulting in <i>(--°)</i> M.I,11,526; III,88.(Page 426),9,1
  9168. 343197,en,15,parinamita,pariṇāmita,Pariṇāmita,Pariṇāmita,[pp.of pariṇāmeti] 1.bent down J.VI,269 (of trees,overladen with fruit,C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “entangled”).-- 2.issued,apportioned,destined J.V,171; PvA.254.(Page 426),10,1
  9169. 343202,en,15,parinamitar,pariṇāmitar,Pariṇāmitar,Pariṇāmitar,[n.ag.of pariṇāmeti] one who destines or makes develop,fate,destiny J.VI,189.(Page 426),11,1
  9170. 343207,en,15,parinata,pariṇata,Pariṇata,Pariṇata,[pp.of pariṇamati] 1.bent down,crooked VvA.222 (°dāṭhā fangs,or does it mean “long”?).-- 2.changed S.III,40.-- 3.ripened,matured,hatched,ripe J.III,174,286,431,VvA.288; DhA.I,47 (gabbha).(Page 426),8,1
  9171. 343223,en,15,parinayaka,pariṇāyaka,Pariṇāyaka,Pariṇāyaka,[fr.pari+<em>ni</em>,cp.pariṇeti] a leader,guide,adviser; one of the 7 treasures (ratanāni) of a great king or Cakkavattin (according to Bdhgh on D.II,177; the eldest son; in the Lal.Vist.a general cp.Divy 211,217; Senart,Lég.de Buddha p.42),i.e.a wonderful Adviser D.I,89; II,17,177; M.I,220; II,175; A.III,151; Sn.p.106 (cp.SnA 450=DA.I,250); J.I,155; IV,93; Miln.38,314.-- f.<i>pariṇāyikā</i>.Ep.of wisdom,synonymous with paññā,i.e.insight,cleverness Dhs.1057; Pug.25; Vism.3; DhsA.148.(Page 426),10,1
  9172. 343245,en,15,parineti,pariṇeti,Pariṇeti,Pariṇeti,[pari+neti] to lead round or about S.II,128.(Page 426),8,1
  9173. 343256,en,15,parinibbana,parinibbāna,Parinibbāna,Parinibbāna,(nt.) [pari+nibbāna] “complete Nibbāna” in two meanings:1.complete extinction of khandhalife; i.e.all possibility of such life &#38; its rebirth,final release from (the misery of) rebirth and transmigration,death (after the last life-span of an Arahant).This is the so-called “an-upādi-sesa Parinibbāna,” or “extinction with no rebirth-substratum left.” -- 2.release from cravings &#38; attachment to life,emancipation (in this life) with the assurance of final death; freedom of spirit,calm,perfect well-being or peace of soul.This is the so-called “sa-upādisesa-P.,” or “extinction (of passion) with some substratum left.” -- The two kinds are distinguished by Bdhgh at DhA.II,163 as follows:“arahatta-pattito paṭṭhāya kilesa-vaṭṭassa khepitattā sa -- upādi -- sesena,carima -- citta -- nirodhena khandhavaṭṭassa khepitattā an-upādi-sesena cā ti dvīhi pi parinibbānehi parinibbutā,an-upādāno viya padīpo apaṇṇattika-bhāvaṃ gatā.” -- 1.D.II,72 sq.(the famous Mahā-parinibbāna-suttanta or “Book of the Great Decease”); M.III,127,128; A.II,79 (°samaye); III,409 (°dhamma,contrasted with āpāyika nerayika,cp.DhA.IV,42); Mhvs 7,1 (°mañcamhi nipanna); VvA.158; PvA.244.-- 2.D.III,55; A.V,64; Sn.514 (°gata+ vitiṇṇa-kaṅkho); Vv 53<sup>24</sup> (°gata+sītibhūta).This state of final emancipation (during life) has also received the determination of anupādā-parinibbāna,i.e.emancipation without ground.for further clinging (lit.without fuel),which corresponds to Bdhgh’s term “kilesavaṭṭassa khepitattā sa-upādi-sesa p.” (see above); thus at M.I,148; S.IV,48; V,29; A.I,44; V,65 (nicchāto nibbuto sītibhūto etc).; A.V,233=253=Dh.89 (+khīṇāsava).(Page 427),11,1
  9174. 343268,en,15,parinibbanika,parinibbānika,Parinibbānika,Parinibbānika,(adj.) [fr.parinibbāna] one who is destined to or that which leads to complete extinction D.III,264; 265 (opasamika+).(Page 428),13,1
  9175. 343275,en,15,parinibbapana,parinibbāpana,Parinibbāpana,Parinibbāpana,(nt.) [pari+nibbāpana] refreshing,cooling,quenching; controlling,subduing,training Ps.I,174 (atta-damatha,atta-samatha,atta-p.).(Page 428),13,1
  9176. 343280,en,15,parinibbapetar,parinibbāpetar,Parinibbāpetar,Parinibbāpetar,[n.ag.fr.parinibbāpeti] one who pacifies,a calmer,trainer M.II,102 (dametar sametar p.).(Page 428),14,1
  9177. 343283,en,15,parinibbapeti,parinibbāpeti,Parinibbāpeti,Parinibbāpeti,[pari+nibbāpeti] to bring to complete coolness,or training (see next),emancipation or cessation of the life-impulse,to make calm,lead to Nibbāna,to exercise self-control,to extinguish fever of craving,or fire of rāga,dosa,moha.Always coupled with the quâsi synonyms sameti &#38; dameti (cp.damatha samatha parinibbāpana) D.III,61=A.III,46 (attānaṃ dameti,sameti,p.); M.I,45 (fut.°bbapessati); A.II,68 (attānaṃ d.s.p.).-- pp.<i>parinibbuta</i> (see p.No.3) &#38; <i>parinibbāpita</i> (only in n.ag.°āpetar,q.v.).(Page 428),13,1
  9178. 343293,en,15,parinibbayana,parinibbāyana,Parinibbāyana,Parinibbāyana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.parinibbāyin] passing away,see parinibbāyin 2 b.(Page 428),13,1
  9179. 343297,en,15,parinibbayati,parinibbāyati,Parinibbāyati,Parinibbāyati,( &#38; °nibbāti) [pari+nibb° cp.BSk.parinirvāti Divy 150 (Buddhā Bhagavantaḥ parinirvānti) &#38; ger.parinirvātavya ibid.402] 1.to be completed,perfected,in any work or art,e.g.of a trained horse,M.I,446.Cp.teleiόw.-- 2.to die without being reborn,to reach complete extinction of existence Vin.II,194 (Tathāgathā °āyanti); M.III,128 (aor °nibbāyi); S.V,152 (°nibbāyeyyaṃ),261 (°nibbāyissāmi); A.II,120 (anupādisesāya nibbāna-dhātuyā p.); IV,202 (id.),313 (id.),Miln.175 (id.); J.I,28 (id.),55 (id.); VvA.158 (fut.°nibbāyissāmi); PvA.21,283 (of a Paccekabuddha).‹-› 2.to become emancipated from all desire of life D.II,68 (cp.Dial.II.65 &#38; Brethren 417); S.IV,102 (diṭṭh’eva dhamme),ibid.(sa-upādāno devānaṃ indo na parinibbāyati),168; A.III,41=Vin.II,148,164 (parinibbāti anāsavo); A.IV,98 (aor.°nibbiṃsu anāsavā) Th.1,100 (fut.°nibbissati anāsavo),364; It.93 (°nibbanti),cp.95; Dh.126 (°nibbanti anāsavā perhaps better taken to No.1!); Vbh.426 (sabbāsave pariññāya parinibbanti anāsavā); Sdhp.584 (°nibbanti mahoghen’eva aggino).-- pp.<i>parinibbuto</i> (q.v.).‹-› Caus.<i>parinibbāpeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 428),13,1
  9180. 343310,en,15,parinibbayin,parinibbāyin,Parinibbāyin,Parinibbāyin,[fr.parinibbāyati] one who attains Parinibbāna.Of the 2 meanings registered under parinibbāna we find No.1 only in a very restricted use,when taken in both senses of sa- and an- upādisesa parinibbāna; e.g.at A.II,155 sq.,where the distinction is made between a sa-saṅkhāra p.and an a-saṅkhāra p.,as these two terms also occur in the fivefold classification of “Never-returners” (i.e.those who are not reborn) viz.antarā-parinibbāyin,upahacca°,sasaṅkhāra°,uddhaṃsota,akaniṭṭhagāmin.Thus at D.III,237; S.V,201,237; A.I,233; IV,14,71 sq.,146,380; V,120; Pug.16,17.-- 2.In the sense of Parinibbāna No.2 (i.e.sa-upādisesa p.) we find parinibbāyin almost as an equivalent of arahant in two combn<sup>s</sup>,viz.(a) <i>tattha°</i> (always comb<sup>d</sup> with opapātika,i.e.above the ordinary cause of birth) [cp.BSk.tatra-parinirvāyin anāgāmin Divy 533].It is also invariably comb<sup>d</sup> with anāvattidhamma,e.g.at D.I,156; III,108,132; M.II,56,146; A.I,232; 245,290; II,5,89,238; IV,12,399,423; V,343; S.V,346 (cp.406),357; Pug.16,62,83.See also Kvu trsl.74<sup>2</sup>.-- (b) <i>antara°</i> [cp.BSk.antarāparinirvāyin MVastu I.33] one who passes away in the middle of his term of life in a particular heaven; an Anāgāmin (cp.Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> at PugA 198 as “āyuvemajjhassa antarā yeva parinibbāyanato a.p.”) S.V,69=A.IV,70; S.V,201=204,237,285,314,378; A.II,134; Ps.I,161; Pug.16; Nett 190 (cp.A.IV,380).(Page 428),12,1
  9181. 343316,en,15,parinibbuta,parinibbuta,Parinibbuta,Parinibbuta,(adj.) [pari+nibbuta] completely calmed,at peace,at rest (as to the distinction of the twofold application see parinibbāna and cp.,Mrs.Rh.D.Buddhism p.191; Cpd.p.168),viz.-- 1.gone out,or passed away without any remaining cause of rebirth anywhere,completely extinct,finally released (fr.rebirth &#38; trans migration),quite dead or at rest [cp.BSk.parinirvṛta Divy 79].It is usually applied to the Buddha,or the Tathāgatha,but also to Theras &#38; Arahants who have by means of moral &#38; intellectual perfection destroyed all germs of further existence.With ref.to Gotama Buddha:Vin.II,284 (atikkhippaṃ Bhagavā p.),294 (vassasata° e Bhagavati); V,119,120; D.I,204 (acira-°e Bhagavati); S.I,158 (Tathāgato p.II.191); V,172 (°e Tathāgate); Vv III,9<sup>7</sup> (°e Gotame=anupādisesāya nibbāna-dhātuyā parinibbuto VvA.169); PvA.140 (Satthari p.),212 (Bhagavati).Of others:S.I,121,122 (Godhika); III,124 (Vakkali); IV,63 (Puṇṇa); Sn.p.59,60 (a Thera); Miln.390 (Arahant); VvA.158; PvA.76; DhA.II,163; IV,42.-- 2.emancipated,quite free (from earthly bonds),calm,serene,at peace,perfected Vin.II,156=A.I,138 “spiritually free” Vin.Texts III,182); D.II,123 (cp.Dial.II.132); III,55; M.I,235; II,102; S.I,1 (+tiṇṇo loke visattikaṃ),7=IV.179 (aheṭhayāno+); I,54 (+tiṇṇo loke visattikaṃ); 187 (p.kaṅkhati kālaṃ); Sn.359 (+ṭhitatta),370 (id.),467 (p.udaka-rahado va sīto); Th.1,5 (cp.Brethren 11<sup>3</sup>); J.IV,303,453; Ud.85 (rāga-dosa-moha-kkhayā p.); Miln.50 (°atta),Freq.in comb<sup>n</sup> with kindred terms like <i>sītibhūta</i> (cooled),e.g.Vin.II,156=A.I,138; Vv 53<sup>24</sup>; or <i>nicchāta</i> (without hunger),e.g.S.III,26; IV,204= It.46; Sn.735 sq.; It.48 (esanānaṃ khayā),49 (āsavānaṃ khayā).-- 3.(to be understood as pp.of parinibbāpeti) calmed,well trained,domesticated M.I,446 (of a horse).(Page 428),11,1
  9182. 343319,en,15,parinimmita,parinimmita,Parinimmita,Parinimmita,at Dhs.1280 read para°.(Page 428),11,1
  9183. 343320,en,15,parininna,parininna,Parininna,Parininna,(adj.) [pari+ninna] deeply hollowed,sunken Sdhp.103.(Page 427),9,1
  9184. 343325,en,15,parinipphanna,parinipphanna,Parinipphanna,Parinipphanna,(adj.) [pari+nipphanna] predetermined Kvu 459 (v.l.°nibbāna),626 (a°); cp.<i>Kvu trsl</i>.261<sup>6</sup>,368<sup>1</sup>.(Page 427),13,1
  9185. 343331,en,15,parinitthana,pariniṭṭhāna,Pariniṭṭhāna,Pariniṭṭhāna,(nt.) [pari+niṭṭhāna] 1.end PvA.287.‹-› 2.accomplishment J.V,400.(Page 427),12,1
  9186. 343339,en,15,parinitthapeti,pariniṭṭhāpeti,Pariniṭṭhāpeti,Pariniṭṭhāpeti,[pari+niṭṭhāpeti] to bring to an end,attain,accomplish DhsA.363.(Page 427),14,1
  9187. 343349,en,15,parinitthita,pariniṭṭhita,Pariniṭṭhita,Pariniṭṭhita,(adj.) [pari+niṭṭhita] accomplished M.III,53; Th.2,283; DhA.II,78.(Page 427),12,1
  9188. 343355,en,15,parinna,pariñña,Pariñña,Pariñña,(-°) [the adj.form of pariññā,cp.abhiñña] knowing,recognising,understanding It.44 (bhūta° so,or should we read bhūtapariññāya?); also in cpd.pariññacārin (to be exp<sup>d</sup> as shortened gr.pariññā?) Sn.537 (=paññāya paricchinditvā caranto living in full knowledge,i.e.rightly determining); also (abstr.) <i>pariññatthaṃ</i> at It.29 (abhiññatthaṃ+),cp.S.IV,253.(Page 425),7,1
  9189. 343363,en,15,parinna,pariññā,Pariññā,Pariññā,<sup>2</sup> (indecl.) [ger.of parijānāti for *parijñāya,cp.same short forms of ādā &#38; abhiññā] having full knowledge or understanding of Sn.779 (=parijānitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 56 &#38; SnA 518); It.4 (perhaps to be read pariññāya for pariññā so).(Page 425),7,1
  9190. 343364,en,15,parinna,pariññā,Pariññā,Pariññā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [cp.Epic Sk.parijñāna; the form parijñā given by BR only with the one ref.Vyutp.160; fr.pari+<i>jñā</i>] accurate or exact knowledge,comprehension,full understanding M.I,66,84; S.III,26 (yo rāgakkhayo dosā° moha° ayaṃ vuccati p.),159 sq.,191; IV,16,51,138,206,253 sq.; V,21,55 sq.,145,236,251,292; A.I,277 (kāmānaṃ rūpānaṃ vedanānaṃ),299; V,64; Pug.37; Nett 19,20,31; KhA 87; SnA 251.-- In exegetical literature three pariññās are distinguished,viz.ñāta°,tīraṇa° pahāna°,which are differently interpreted &#38; applied according to the various contexts.See e.g.the detailed interpretation at Nd<sup>1</sup> 52 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 413; J.VI,259 (where ñāṇa° for ñāta°); DhA.II,172 (in ref.to food); mentioned at SnA 517.-- adj.<i>pariñña</i>.-- The form <i>pariññāya</i> is an apparent Instr.,but in reality (in form &#38; meaning) the ger.of parijānāti (like abhiññāya›abhijānitvā) for the usual parijānitvā.It is freq.found in poetry &#38; in formulas (like yathābhūtaṃ p.); its meaning is “knowing well in right knowledge”:S.V,182; Sn.455,737,778 (=parijānitvā Nd<sup>1</sup> 51 sq.),1082 (corresp.with pahāya,cp.similar phrase pahāya parijānitvā DhA.IV,232); It.62; J.VI,259.(Page 425),7,1
  9191. 343377,en,15,parinnata,pariññāta,Pariññāta,Pariññāta,[pp.of parijānāti] well understood,thoroughly known Th.2,106; M.I,1 sq.; S.II,99; V,182; PvA.1,287.With ref.to food (°bhojana &#38; °āhāra) it means food understood according to the three pariññās (q.v.); Dh.92 (°bhojano adj.one who lives on recognised food or takes the right view of the food he eats,cp.DhA.II,172); Miln.352 (°āhāro); contrasted with bhāvita:consciousness is to be well studied,insight is to be made to grow M.I,293.(Page 425),9,1
  9192. 343384,en,15,parinnatatta,pariññātatta,Pariññātatta,Pariññātatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.pariññāta] the fact of having full or exact knowledge S.V,182.(Page 425),12,1
  9193. 343388,en,15,parinnatavin,pariññātāvin,Pariññātāvin,Pariññātāvin,(adj.) [fr.pariññāta] one who has correct knowledge S.III,159 sq.,191 (puggala).(Page 425),12,1
  9194. 343399,en,15,parinneyya,pariññeyya,Pariññeyya,Pariññeyya,(adj.) [grd.of parijānāti] knowable,perceivable,to be known (accurately) M.I,4; S.III,26; IV,29; DhA.IV,233 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> under abhiññeyya).(Page 425),10,1
  9195. 343410,en,15,paripacana,paripācana,Paripācana,Paripācana,(nt.) [pari+pācana<sup>1</sup>] ripening,maturing,digestion Vims 351,363,365.(Page 429),10,1
  9196. 343417,en,15,paripacaniya,paripācaniya,Paripācaniya,Paripācaniya,(adj.) [fr.paripācana] bringing to maturity,leading to perfection,accomplishing,only in phrase vimuttiparipācaniyā dhammā (5) things achieving emancipation (see Ud.36) S.IV,105=DA.I,50; ThA.273.(Page 429),12,1
  9197. 343421,en,15,paripaccana,paripaccana,Paripaccana,Paripaccana,(nt.) [pari+paccana] ripening,healing (of a wound) Miln.112.(Page 428),11,1
  9198. 343425,en,15,paripaccati,paripaccati,Paripaccati,Paripaccati,[pari+paccati] to become ripe,to heal (of a wound) Miln.112.(Page 428),11,1
  9199. 343434,en,15,paripaceti,paripāceti,Paripāceti,Paripāceti,[pari+pāceti,Caus.of pacati] to bring to maturity,to cause to ripen,to develop,prepare J.VI,373 (atthaṃ p.°ācayitvā=vaḍḍhetvā C.); Miln.232,285,288,296.-- pp.<i>paripācita</i> Vism.365.(Page 429),10,1
  9200. 343446,en,15,paripaka,paripāka,Paripāka,Paripāka,[fr.pari+<em>pac</em>] 1.ripeness,maturity,development,perfection D.I,9 (cp.DA.I,94); Ud.36 (pañca dhammā paripākāya saṃvattanti); J.I,142,148; VI,236; Miln.288; Vism.116 (bodhi°),199; DhA.I,89 (°gatatta nt.state of perfection); ThA.79; PvA.276.-- 2.overripeness,decay,collapse,only in phrase “indriyānaṃ p.,” i.e.decay of the (mental) faculties,in formula defining jarā (old age) at D.II,305; M.I,49; S.II,2,42 sq.; A.V,203; Nd<sup>2</sup> 252; Dhs.644; cp.BSk.indriyaparipāka AvŚ II.110.(Page 429),8,1
  9201. 343455,en,15,paripakka,paripakka,Paripakka,Paripakka,(adj.) [pari+pakka] 1.(quite) ripe,ripened,matured,developed D.I,54; S.IV,105=DA.I,50; A.IV,357; Dh.260; J.I,91,231; VI,1 (ap°); Ud.36 (id.); Miln.194,288; DhA.III,338; KhA 56; ThA.273; PvA.274 (su°).-- 2.overripe,rotten Miln.223.(Page 428),9,1
  9202. 343460,en,15,paripakkata,paripakkata,Paripakkata,Paripakkata,[pp.of pari+pakkirati] scattered Th.2,391 (reading doubtful).(Page 428),11,1
  9203. 343473,en,15,paripaleti,paripāleti,Paripāleti,Paripāleti,[pari+pāleti] to watch,guard (carefully) PvA.130 (=rakkhati).-- pp.<i>paripālita</i> (q.v.).-- Pass.<i>°pāliyati</i> Nett 105 (=rakkhitaṃ).(Page 429),10,1
  9204. 343480,en,15,paripalita,paripālita,Paripālita,Paripālita,[pp.of paripāleti] guarded Vism.74.(Page 429),10,1
  9205. 343485,en,15,paripanhati,paripañhati,Paripañhati,Paripañhati,[denom.fr.pari+pañha] to question A.V,16.(Page 428),11,1
  9206. 343489,en,15,paripanna,paripanna,Paripanna,Paripanna,see <i>palipanna</i>.(Page 429),9,1
  9207. 343494,en,15,paripantha,paripantha,Paripantha,Paripantha,[pari+pantha] 1.“way round,” edge,border; paripanthe in ambush (near a road) M.I,87; J.III,65.‹-› 2.obstacle,hindrance,danger.It refers esp.to danger arising out of mishaps to or bad conditions of roads in the forests.D.I,52; S.I,43; A.I,153; III,252; V,136; Ps.I,162; J.I,395; III,268; IV,17; VI,57 (n.pl.°ayo=kilesaparipanthā C.),75; DhA.I,14 <i>(magga°)</i>,16 (id.),51,69; migānaṃ p.danger to the crops from (the nuisance of) deer J.I,143,154.-<i>saparipantha</i> full of danger DhA.I,63.See also <i>palipatha</i>.(Page 428),10,1
  9208. 343502,en,15,paripanthika,paripanthika,Paripanthika,Paripanthika,(adj.) [fr.paripantha] forming or causing an obstacle A.I,161.The usual form is <i>pāri°</i> (q.v.).(Page 429),12,1
  9209. 343508,en,15,paripanthika,pāripanthika,Pāripanthika,Pāripanthika,[fr.paripantha] 1.highwayman,robber S.II,188; J.V,253.-- 2.connected with danger,threatening,dangerous to (-°) Vism.152; PugA 181 (samādhi°,vipassanā°).(Page 454),12,1
  9210. 343516,en,15,paripatati,paripaṭati,Paripaṭati,Paripaṭati,[doublet of paripatati] to go to ruin,to come to fall,to come to naught Miln.91 (opp.sambhavati); comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>paridhaṃsati</i> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 5; Miln.249,265.(Page 428),10,1
  9211. 343520,en,15,paripatati,paripatati,Paripatati,Paripatati,[pari+patati,cp.nipatati] to fall down,to fall off from (Abl.) Vin.II,152 sq.; J.V,417,420; Pv IV.5<sup>3</sup> (bhūmiyaṃ) DA.I,132; PvA.37,47,55,62.-- Caus.<i>paripāteti</i> (q.v.).-- See also <i>paripaṭati</i>.(Page 428),10,1
  9212. 343529,en,15,paripateti,paripāteti,Paripāteti,Paripāteti,(or <i>°pāṭeti</i>) [Caus.of paripatati.Cp.BSk.paripāṭayati to destroy Divy 417] to cause to fall down,to bring to ruin,to attack,pursue Vin.IV,115; J.II,208; III,380; Miln.279,367; KhA 73 (see App.II.p.353 n.9).-- pp.<i>paripātita</i> (q.v.).(Page 429),10,1
  9213. 343541,en,15,paripatita,paripātita,Paripātita,Paripātita,[pp.of paripāteti] attacked,pursued,brought into difficulty VvA.336.(Page 429),10,1
  9214. 343549,en,15,pariphandati,pariphandati,Pariphandati,Pariphandati,[pari+<em>spand</em>] to tremble,quiver,throb,waver Sn.776 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 46 sq.),1145; Dh.34 (=saṇṭhātuṃ na sakkoti DhA.I,289); J.IV,93; Miln.91,249.‹-› pp.<i>pariphandita</i> (q.v.).(Page 430),12,1
  9215. 343554,en,15,pariphandita,pariphandita,Pariphandita,Pariphandita,[pp.of pariphandati] wavered,trembled,quivered J.III,24.(Page 430),12,1
  9216. 343567,en,15,paripilita,paripīḷita,Paripīḷita,Paripīḷita,(adj.) [pari+pīlita,pp.of <em>pīḍ</em>] oppressed,vexed,injured Miln.97 (aggi-santāpa-pariḷāha°),303 jighacchāya).(Page 429),10,1
  9217. 343569,en,15,paripita,paripīta,Paripīta,Paripīta,(adj.) [pari+pīta] very dear,highly valued Sdhp.571.(Page 429),8,1
  9218. 343577,en,15,pariplava,pariplava,Pariplava,Pariplava,[fr.pari+<em>plu</em>] unsteady,wavering,swerving about Dh.38 (=upplavana DhA.I,309).(Page 430),9,1
  9219. 343585,en,15,pariplavati,pariplavati,Pariplavati,Pariplavati,[pari+<em>plu</em>] to quiver,roam about,swerve J.III,484 (ppr.pariplavanto=upplavamāna C.-- pp.<i>paripluta</i> (q.v.).(Page 430),11,1
  9220. 343593,en,15,paripluta,paripluta,Paripluta,Paripluta,[pp.of pariplavati] immersed,drenched J.VI,78 (=nimugga C.); Dāvs III,34.(Page 430),9,1
  9221. 343599,en,15,paripothita,paripothita,Paripothita,Paripothita,[pp.of paripotheti] beaten,whipped Miln.188 (laguḷehi).(Page 429),11,1
  9222. 343605,en,15,parippharati,parippharati,Parippharati,Parippharati,[pari+<em>sphur</em>] to pervade D.I,74 (=samantato phusati DA.I,217); M.III,92 sq.See also <i>paripūreti</i> ‹-› pp.<i>paripphuta </i>&<i> °pphuṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 429),12,1
  9223. 343610,en,15,paripphosakam,paripphosakaṃ,Paripphosakaṃ,Paripphosakaṃ,(adv.) [either with Kern.Toev,s.v.ger.of paripphoseti (i.e.paripphosa)+kaṃ or preferably with Trenckner,Notes 80 absolutive in °aka (i.e.nt.formation fr.adj.paripphosa,as phenuddeha+kaṃ etc.).Cp.also Geiger P.Gr.§ 62.1] sprinkled all round D.I,74; M.I,276; II,15; III,92; expl<sup>d</sup> as “siñcitvā” at DA.I,218.(Page 429),13,1
  9224. 343615,en,15,paripphoseti,paripphoseti,Paripphoseti,Paripphoseti,[pari+Caus.of <em>pruṣ</em>] to sprinkle over,Vin.II,209 (udakena °pphositvā; so read for °ppositvā); A.I,257; J.VI,566; Pv III,10<sup>2</sup> (°itvā=āsiñcitvā PvA.231).-- pp.<i>paripphosita</i> (q.v.).(Page 429),12,1
  9225. 343617,en,15,paripphosita,paripphosita,Paripphosita,Paripphosita,[pp.of paripphoseti] sprinkled all round J.VI,51,481 (candana sāra°).(Page 429),12,1
  9226. 343627,en,15,paripphuttha,paripphuṭṭha,Paripphuṭṭha,Paripphuṭṭha,[pp.of parippharati] filled,pervaded D.I,75; M.III,94 (spelt here paripphuta).Cp.BSk.parisphuṭa MVastu II.349; III,274; Lal.Vist.33,385.(Page 429),12,1
  9227. 343633,en,15,paripuccha,paripucchā,Paripucchā,Paripucchā,(f.) [pari+pucchā] question,interrogation Vin.I,190 (uddesa+); II,219 (id.); A.I,285; Nd<sup>1</sup> 234 =Nd<sup>2</sup> 386 (cp.SnA III).See also uddesa.(Page 429),10,1
  9228. 343640,en,15,paripucchaka,paripucchaka,Paripucchaka,Paripucchaka,(adj.) [fr.pari+<em>pṛch</em>] asking a question,enquiring Nd<sup>1</sup> 234=Nd<sup>2</sup> 386; Sdhp.90.-- f.abstr.<i>paripucchakatā</i> questioning Vism.132 (one of the 7 constituents of dhamma-vicaya-sambojjhaṅga).(Page 429),12,1
  9229. 343648,en,15,paripucchati,paripucchati,Paripucchati,Paripucchati,[pari+pucchati] to ask a question,to interrogate,inquire Vin.I,47=224; II,125; S.I,98; A.V,16; Sn.380,696 (°iyāna ger.),1025; Pug.41; Miln.257,408; SnA 111.(Page 429),12,1
  9230. 343663,en,15,paripunchati,paripuñchati,Paripuñchati,Paripuñchati,[pari+puñchati] to wipe off,stroke down Vin.III,14 (pāṇinā gattāni p.).(Page 429),12,1
  9231. 343669,en,15,paripunna,paripuṇṇa,Paripuṇṇa,Paripuṇṇa,(adj.) [pp.of paripūrati] 1.(quite) full,fulfilled,complete,finished,satisfied M.I,200 (°saṅkappa),III,276; S.II,283; IV,104; V,315; Ps.I,172 (=<i>pariggah’</i>aṭṭhena parivār’aṭṭhena,paripūr’aṭṭhena p.,i.e.acquiring,keeping,fulfilling); Sn.889 (°mānin=samatta-mānin Nd<sup>1</sup> 298),904; It.40 (°sekha); Pv IV.16<sup>3</sup>; Vism.45 (°saṅkappa):PvA.13,54 (°vassa whose years are completed,i.e.old enough for ordination),68 (°gabbha ready to be delivered),77 (vārinā).-- 2,complete,i.e.not defective,perfect,sound,healthy Sn.548 (°kāya= lakkhaṇehi puṇṇatāya ahīn’aṅga-paccaṅgatāya ca paripuṇṇa-sarīro SnA 452); Miln.249.(Page 429),9,1
  9232. 343688,en,15,paripunnata,paripuṇṇatā,Paripuṇṇatā,Paripuṇṇatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.paripuṇṇa] fullness,completeness SnA 452.(Page 429),11,1
  9233. 343700,en,15,paripura,paripūra,Paripūra,Paripūra,(adj.) [pari+<em>pṛ</em>] full,complete,perfected,accomplished D.I,75; I,133; III,94; S.II,32; IV,247; V,269 (f.°ī); A.II,77; V,10 sq.; Sn.205,1017; Ps.I,15,18,49,172; II,122; Pug.35,36.<i>--aparipūra</i> not completed,imperfect,incomplete A.II,77; IV,314 sq.; V,10 sq; It.107; Pug.35,36.<br><br> <i>--kāritā</i> completion M.I,64,66 sq.<i>--kārin</i> completing,fulfilling,making complete,doing to the full M.I,33 sq.,64; S.V,201; A.II,136; III,215; IV,380; V,131 sq.; Pug.37; Miln.243.(Page 429),8,1
  9234. 343707,en,15,paripuraka,paripūraka,Paripūraka,Paripūraka,(adj.( (-°) one who fills,filling Vism.300 (niraya°).(Page 429),10,1
  9235. 343719,en,15,paripurana,paripūraṇa,Paripūraṇa,Paripūraṇa,(nt.) [fr.paripūreti] fulfilment,completion Vism.3 (sīla°).See <i>pāripūraṇa</i>.(Page 429),10,1
  9236. 343725,en,15,paripurati,paripūrati,Paripūrati,Paripūrati,[pari+pūrati] to become full or perfect Dh.38; J.IV,273 (devaloko p.); Miln.395 (sāmaññaṃ); fut.paripūrissati DhA.I,309.-- Pass.<i>paripūriyati</i> to be fulfilled or perfected DhA.I,309.-- pp.<i>paripuṇṇa</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>paripūreti</i> (q.v.).(Page 429),10,1
  9237. 343731,en,15,paripuratta,paripūratta,Paripūratta,Paripūratta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.paripūra] fullness,completeness,completion S.V,200 sq.(+samatta).(Page 429),11,1
  9238. 343743,en,15,paripureti,paripūreti,Paripūreti,Paripūreti,[Caus.of paripūrati] to fulfil; to fill (up),make more full,supplement,fill out,add to D.I,74 (parisandeti p.parippharati; DA.I,217 expl<sup>ns</sup> as “vāyunā bhastaṃ viya pūreti”); II,221; M.III,92; S.I,27 (devakāyaṃ)=30; II,29,32; III,93 (sāmaññatthaṃ)=A.II,95= It.90; Pv.II,9<sup>45</sup> (ppr.°ayanto); Pug.31,35; Miln.349 (lekhaṃ); PvA.29 (sāgaraṃ),30 (ñātidhammo °pūretabbo),136 (vassasahassāni); Sdhp.371.-- ppr.med.<i>°pūramāna</i> D.I,103.-- pp.<i>paripūrita</i> (q.v.).(Page 429),10,1
  9239. 343750,en,15,paripuri,paripūrī,Paripūrī,Paripūrī,(f.) [fr.paripūra,but better spelt <i>pāripūrī</i>,q.v.] fulfilment,completion S.I,139.(Page 429),8,1
  9240. 343760,en,15,paripuri,pāripūrī,Pāripūrī,Pāripūrī,(f.) [abstr.fr.pari+<em>pūr</em>,cp.BSk.pāripūri AvŚ II.107] fulfilment,completion,consummation S.I,139; A.V,114 sq.; Sn.1016; J.VI,298; Nd<sup>2</sup> 137 (pada°); SnA 28 (id.); Pug.53; Dhs.1367; DhA.I,36; PvA.132,133; VbhA.468 (°mada conceit of perfection).(Page 454),8,1
  9241. 343768,en,15,paripurita,paripūrita,Paripūrita,Paripūrita,[pp.of paripūreti] filled (to overflowing),full PvA.216.(Page 429),10,1
  9242. 343776,en,15,parirakkhana,parirakkhaṇa,Parirakkhaṇa,Parirakkhaṇa,(nt.) [fr.pari+<em>rakṣ</em>] guarding,preserving,keeping Miln.356,402; PvA.130.(Page 435),12,1
  9243. 343785,en,15,parirakkhati,parirakkhati,Parirakkhati,Parirakkhati,[pari+<em>rakṣ</em>,cp.abhirakkhati] to guard,protect; preserve,maintain Sn.678 (pot.°rakkhe); Miln.410; Sdhp.413,553 (sīlaṃ).(Page 435),12,1
  9244. 343791,en,15,pariranjita,parirañjita,Parirañjita,Parirañjita,[pari+rañjita] dyed,coloured; fig.marked or distinguished by (Instr.) Miln.75.(Page 435),11,1
  9245. 343805,en,15,parisa,parisā,Parisā,Parisā,(f.) [cp.Vedic pariṣad; in R.V,also pariṣad as adj.surrounding,lit.“sitting round,” fr.pari+<em>sad</em>.-- In Pāli the cons.stem has passed into a vocalic ā-stem,with the only preservation of cons.Loc.sg.parisati Vin.IV,285; A.II,180 (ī); J.V,61; DA.I,141 and parisatiṃ M.I,68; A.II,180 (v.l.); J.V,332,besides the regular forms parisāyaṃ (Loc.sg.) Vin.II,296; A.V,70; and parisāsu (Loc.pl.) S.II,27; It.64] surrounding people,group,collection,company,assembly,association,multitude.Var.typical sets of assemblies are found in the Canon,viz,eight assemblies (khattiya°,brāhmaṇa°,gahapati°,samaṇa°,Cātummahārājika°,Tāvatiṃsa°,Māra°,Brahma°,or the assemblies of nobles,brahmins,householders,wanderers,of the angel hosts of the Guardian Kings,of the Great Thirty-Three,of the Māras,and of the Brahmās) D.II,109; III,260; M.I,72; A.IV,307.‹-› four assemblies (the first four of the above) at D.III,236; Nd<sup>1</sup> 163; other four,representing the Buddha’s Order (bhikkhu°,bhikkhunī°,upāsaka°,upāsikā°,or the ass.of bhikkhus,nuns,laymen and female devotees; cp.same enum<sup>n</sup> at Divy 299) S.II,218; A.V,10; cp.J.I,40 (catu-parisa-majjhe),85 (id.),148 (id.).-- two assemblies (viz.Brahma°,Māra°) at D.III,260; allegorically two groups of people (viz.sāratta-rattā &#38; asāratta-rattā) M.II,160=A.I,70 sq.-- For var.uses of the word see the foll.passages:Vin.II,188,296 (rājaparisā); III,12 (Bhagavā mahatiyā parisāya parivuto surrounded by a great multitude); IV,153 (Gen.parisāya); M.I,153 (nevāpika°); II,160; III,47; S.I,155 (brahma°),162 sarājikā p.),177; A.I,25 (mahā°),70 (uttānā p.),71 (ariya°),242 (tisso p.); II,19 (°āya mando),133,183,185 (deva°); III,253 (khattiya°); IV,80,114; It.64 (upāsakā °sāsu virocare); Sn.349,825 sq.; J.I,151,264; VI,224 (omissaka°); Pv III,9<sup>6</sup>; Miln.187,249,359 (38 rāja-parisā,or divisions of the royal retinue); PvA.2,6,12,21,78 and passim; Sdhp.277.saparisa together with the assembly Vin.IV,71; adv.°ṃ ThA.69.-- Note.The form of parisā as first part of a cpd.is parisa° (=*parisad,which laṭter is restored in cpd.parisaggata=*parisad-gata).-- See also pārisagga.<br><br> --antare within the assembly J.III,61.--âvacara one who moves in the society,i.e.the Brotherhood of the Bhikkhus A.IV,314; V,10.--gata (ggata) having entered a company Sn.397 (=pūga-majjha-gata SnA 377); Pug.29.--ññū knowing the assembly A.III,148; IV,113 (+kālaññū puggalaññū),cp.D.III,252.--dussana defilement of the Assembly A.II,225 (opp.°sobhaṇā).--pariyanta the outer circle of the congregation DhA.I,67; III,172.--majjhe in the midst of the assembly J.I,267; II,352; PvA.11.--sārajja being afraid of the a.Miln.196=Nd<sup>2</sup> 470 (so read for parisārajja).(Page 437),6,1
  9246. 343831,en,15,parisahati,parisahati,Parisahati,Parisahati,[pari+sahati] to overcome,conquer,master,get the better of S.IV,112; exegetically in formula sahati p.abhibhavati ajjhottharati etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 12,361 =Nd<sup>2</sup> 420.(Page 437),10,1
  9247. 343856,en,15,parisakkati,parisakkati,Parisakkati,Parisakkati,[pari+sakkati] to go about to (with inf.or Dat.),to endeavour,undertake try Vin.II,18=A.IV,345 (alābhāya); J.I,173 (vadhāya); II,394; Pv IV.5<sup>2</sup> (=payogaṃ karoti PvA.259).(Page 436),11,1
  9248. 343869,en,15,parisamantato,parisamantato,Parisamantato,Parisamantato,(adv.) [pari+samantato] from all sides VvA.236.(Page 437),13,1
  9249. 343881,en,15,parisambahati,parisambāhati,Parisambāhati,Parisambāhati,[pari+sambāhati] to stroke,to rub from all sides M.II,120; S.I,178,194; A.V,65.(Page 437),13,1
  9250. 343885,en,15,parisamsibbita,parisaṃsibbita,Parisaṃsibbita,Parisaṃsibbita,[pari+pp.of saṃsibbati] sewn together,entwined DhA.III,198 (v.l.for saṃsibbita+).(Page 436),14,1
  9251. 343892,en,15,parisandeti,parisandeti,Parisandeti,Parisandeti,[pari+Caus.of syad] to make flow round,to make overflow,to fill,in phrase kāyaṃ abhisandeti p.D.I,75,214; M.III,92 sq.etc.expl<sup>d</sup> as “samantato sandeti” at DA.I,217.-- pp.parisanna (q.v.).(Page 437),11,1
  9252. 343895,en,15,parisangahapeti,parisaṅgāhāpeti,Parisaṅgāhāpeti,Parisaṅgāhāpeti,[pari+Caus.of saṅgaṇhāti] to induce someone to mention or relate something J.VI,328.(Page 437),15,1
  9253. 343897,en,15,parisanha,parisaṇha,Parisaṇha,Parisaṇha,(adj,.) [pari+saṇha] very smooth or soft Miln.198.(Page 437),9,1
  9254. 343903,en,15,parisanka,parisaṅkā,Parisaṅkā,Parisaṅkā,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>śaṅk</em>] suspicion,misgiving Vin.IV,314; D.III,218.Cp.<i>āsaṅkā</i>.(Page 436),9,1
  9255. 343913,en,15,parisankati,parisaṅkati,Parisaṅkati,Parisaṅkati,[pari+saṅkati] to suspect,fear,have apprehension J.III,210,541; DhA.I,81.-- pp.<i>°saṅkita</i> (q.v.).Cp.<i>āsaṅkati</i>.(Page 436),11,1
  9256. 343922,en,15,parisankita,parisaṅkita,Parisaṅkita,Parisaṅkita,[pp.of parisaṅkati] suspecting or suspected,having apprehensions,fearing Vin.II,243 (diṭṭha-suta°); A.III,128; J.IV,214; V,80; Miln.372; DhA.I,223 (āsaṅkita°).-- Cp.<i>āsaṅkita </i>&<i> ussaṅkita</i>.(Page 437),11,1
  9257. 343926,en,15,parisanku,parisaṅku,Parisaṅku,Parisaṅku,in <i>Parisaṅkupatha</i> the region round the path of stakes &#38; sticks,N.of a path leading up to Gijjha-pabbata (see expl<sup>n</sup> at J.III,485) J.III,484.(Page 437),9,1
  9258. 343927,en,15,parisanna,parisanna,Parisanna,Parisanna,[pp.of parisandati,cp.parisandeti] surrounded or filled with water,drenched,well-watered D.I,75= M.III,94.(Page 437),9,1
  9259. 343935,en,15,parisanthati,parisaṇṭhāti,Parisaṇṭhāti,Parisaṇṭhāti,[pari+saṇṭhāti] to return into the former state,to be restored; aor.°saṇṭhāsi J.III,341.(Page 437),12,1
  9260. 343945,en,15,parisappana,parisappanā,Parisappanā,Parisappanā,(f.) [fr.parisappati] running about,fear,hesitation,doubt,always comb<sup>d</sup> with āsappanā and only found with ref.to the exegesis of “doubt” (vicikicchā or kaṅkhā) Nd<sup>2</sup> 1; Dhs.425 (cp.Dhs.trsl.116 and DhsA.260); DA.I,69.(Page 437),11,1
  9261. 343954,en,15,parisappati,parisappati,Parisappati,Parisappati,[pari+<em>sṛp</em>] to run about,crawl about,to be frightened Dh.342,343 (=saṃsappati bhāyati DhA.IV,49).(Page 437),11,1
  9262. 343964,en,15,parisarati,parisarati,Parisarati,Parisarati,[pari+<em> smṛ</em>,but according to Kern,Toev.s.v.pari here fr.Prk.paḍi=Sk.prati,thus for pratismarati] to remember,recollect J.VI,199 (read parissaraṃ).(Page 437),10,1
  9263. 343970,en,15,parisatha,parisaṭha,Parisaṭha,Parisaṭha,(adj.) [pari+saṭha] very fraudulent or crafty Pug.23 (saṭha+).(Page 437),9,1
  9264. 343985,en,15,parisedita,parisedita,Parisedita,Parisedita,[pp.of pari+Caus.of svid,Sk.parisvedita in slightly diff.use] heated,hatched,made ripe M.I,104 (bījāni); S.III,153; Vin.III,3; AIV.125 (aṇḍāni),176.(Page 437),10,1
  9265. 343990,en,15,parisesa,parisesa,Parisesa,Parisesa,[pari+sesa] remnant,remainder,rest; only neg.<i>aparisesa</i> (adj.) without remainder,complete,entire M.I,92,110; A.III,166=Pug.64; A.IV,428 (°ñāṇadassana).(Page 438),8,1
  9266. 343993,en,15,parisibbita,parisibbita,Parisibbita,Parisibbita,[pp.of pari+sibbati] sewn round,bordered Vin.I,186; J.V,377.(Page 437),11,1
  9267. 344000,en,15,parisincati,parisiñcati,Parisiñcati,Parisiñcati,[pari+siñcati] to sprinkle all over,to bathe M.I,161; S.I,8 (gattāni); Sdhp.595.(Page 437),11,1
  9268. 344015,en,15,parisodhana,parisodhana,Parisodhana,Parisodhana,(nt.) [fr.parisodheti] cleansing,purification Miln.215.(Page 438),11,1
  9269. 344025,en,15,parisodheti,parisodheti,Parisodheti,Parisodheti,[pari+Caus.of <em>śudh</em>] to cleanse,clean,purify M.III,3,35 (aor.°sodhesi); Sn.407 (aor.°sodhayi); DhA.II,162 (vodapeti+).-- Freq.in phrase <i>cittaṃ</i> p.to cleanse one’s heart (from=Abl.) D.III,49; S.IV,104; A.II,211; III,92; Nd<sup>1</sup> 484; Pug.68.-- pp.<i>parisodhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 438),11,1
  9270. 344033,en,15,parisodhita,parisodhita,Parisodhita,Parisodhita,[pp.of parisodheti] cleaned,cleansed,purified Miln.415; Sdhp.414.(Page 438),11,1
  9271. 344039,en,15,parisoka,parisoka,Parisoka,Parisoka,[pari+soka] great grief,severe mourning Ps.I,38 (anto° in def.of soka).(Page 438),8,1
  9272. 344043,en,15,parisosa,parisosa,Parisosa,Parisosa,[fr.pari+<em>śuṣ</em>] becoming dried up,dryness,withering away S.I,91.(Page 438),8,1
  9273. 344051,en,15,parisoseti,parisoseti,Parisoseti,Parisoseti,[Caus.of parisussati] to make dry up,to exhaust,make evaporate (water) Miln.389.-- pp.<i>parisosita</i> (q.v.).(Page 438),10,1
  9274. 344055,en,15,parisosita,parisosita,Parisosita,Parisosita,[pp.of parisoseti] dried up,withered away Sdhp.9.(Page 438),10,1
  9275. 344079,en,15,parissama,parissama,Parissama,Parissama,[fr.pari+<em>śram</em>] fatigue,toil,exhaustion,VvA.289,305 (addhāna° from journeying); PvA.3,43,113,127.(Page 438),9,1
  9276. 344089,en,15,parissanjati,parissañjati,Parissañjati,Parissañjati,(°ssajati?) [pari+<em>svaj</em>] to embrace,enfold,J.I,466; VI,156 (°itvā,v.l.°ssajitvā &#38; palisajjitvā).(Page 438),12,1
  9277. 344095,en,15,parissanta,parissanta,Parissanta,Parissanta,[pp.of parissamati] tired,fatigued,exhausted Pv.II,9<sup>36</sup>; VvA.305; Sdhp.9,101.(Page 438),10,1
  9278. 344103,en,15,parissavana,parissāvana,Parissāvana,Parissāvana,(nt.) [fr.pari+Caus.of <em>sru</em>] a water strainer,filter (one of the requisites of a bhikkhu) Vin.I,209,II.119 and passim; J.I,198; III,377; Nd<sup>1</sup> 226; DhA.III,260 (udaka°); VvA.40,63; Sdhp.593.(Page 438),11,1
  9279. 344108,en,15,parissavanaka,parissāvanaka,Parissāvanaka,Parissāvanaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.parissāvana] only neg.<i>a°:</i> 1.one who has no strainer Vin.II,119; J.I,198.-- 2.not to be filtered,i.e.so that there is nothing left to be filtered J.I,400 (so read for °ssavanaka).Or is it “not overflowing”? (Page 438),13,1
  9280. 344118,en,15,parissaveti,parissāveti,Parissāveti,Parissāveti,[Caus.of pari+<em>sru</em>] to strain or filter J.I,198 (pānīyaṃ); DA.I,206 (udakaṃ); III,207 (pānīyaṃ).-- pp.<i>parissāvita</i> (q.v.).(Page 438),11,1
  9281. 344125,en,15,parissavita,parissāvita,Parissāvita,Parissāvita,[pp.of parissāveti] strained,filtered J.I,198 (udaka).(Page 438),11,1
  9282. 344132,en,15,parissaya,parissaya,Parissaya,Parissaya,(m. &#38; nt.) [fr.pari+<em>śri</em>? Etym.doubtful,cp.Weber,Ind.Streifen III,395 and Andersen,Pāli Reader II.167,168] danger,risk,trouble M.I,10 (utu°); A.III,388 (id.); Sn.42,45,770,921,960 sq.; Dh.328 (°ayāni= sīha-vyaggh’--ādayo pākaṭa-parissaye,rāga-bhaya-dosabhay’ādayo paṭicchanna-parissaye DhA.IV,29); Nd<sup>1</sup> 12=Nd<sup>2</sup> 420 (where same division into pākaṭa° &#38; paṭicchanna°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 360,365; J.I,418; II,405; V,315,441 (antarāmagga p.cp.paripantha in same use); Vism.34 (utu°); SnA 88 (expl<sup>d</sup> as paricca sayantī ti p.); DhA.III,199 (°mocana); PvA.216,DhsA.330.(Page 438),9,1
  9283. 344140,en,15,parissuta,parissuta,Parissuta,Parissuta,[pp.of pari+<em>sru</em>] overflowing J.VI,328 (=atipuṇṇattā pagharamāna).(Page 438),9,1
  9284. 344146,en,15,parisuddha,parisuddha,Parisuddha,Parisuddha,(adj.) [pari+pp.of <em>śudh</em>] clean,clear,pure,perfect Vin.II,237; M.I,26; III,11; S II 199 (°dhammadesanā); III,235; V,301,354; A.III,125 (°ñāṇa-dassana); IV,120 sq.; J.I,265; Vism.2 (accanta°); Pug.68 (samāhite citte parisuddha); Miln.106; DA.I,177,219; SnA 445 (apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosa-bhāvena p.); PvA.44,70.Very freq.comb<sup>d</sup> with pariyodāta (q.v.).-- aparisuddha unclean Vin.II,236,M.I,17.<br><br> --ājīva (adj.) of pure livelihood D.I,63 (see DA.I,181); A.III,124 (cp.pārisuddhi).(Page 437),10,1
  9285. 344166,en,15,parisuddhatta,parisuddhatta,Parisuddhatta,Parisuddhatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.parisuddha] purity,cleanliness,perfection M.I,36; Miln.103 sq.; Vism.168.-- As f.pari-suddhatā at Vism.30.(Page 437),13,1
  9286. 344174,en,15,parisuddhi,parisuddhi,Parisuddhi,Parisuddhi,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>śudh</em>] purity,purification S.I,169.The usual spelling is pārisuddhi (q.v.).(Page 437),10,1
  9287. 344182,en,15,parisuddhi,pārisuddhi,Pārisuddhi,Pārisuddhi,(f.) [fr.parisuddha] purity Vin.I,102,136 (cp.Vin.Texts I,242,280); M.III,4; A.II,194 sq.(°padhāniy’aṅgāni,the four,viz.sīlapārisuddhi,citta°,diṭṭhi°,vimutti°); Nd1 475; Ps.I,42 (°sīla); Dhs.165; Miln.336 (ājīva°,and in 4th jhāna); Vism.30 (=parisuddhatā),46 (°sīla),278; DhA.III,399 (catu° -sīla); IV,111 (ājīva°); Sdhp.342.(Page 455),10,1
  9288. 344202,en,15,parisujjhati,parisujjhati,Parisujjhati,Parisujjhati,[Pass.of pari+śudh] to become clear or clean,to be purified S.I,214; Sn.183,184.-- pp.parisuddha (q.v.).(Page 437),12,1
  9289. 344212,en,15,parisukkha,parisukkha,Parisukkha,Parisukkha,(adj.) [pari+sukkha] dried up,very dry J.I,215 (of fields); Miln.302 (of the heart); PvA.64 (°sarīra).(Page 437),10,1
  9290. 344214,en,15,parisukkhita,parisukkhita,Parisukkhita,Parisukkhita,[pp.of pari+<em>śukṣ</em>.Intens.of <em>śuṣ</em>] dried up,withered Miln.303 (°hadaya).(Page 437),12,1
  9291. 344215,en,15,parisumbhana,parisumbhana,Parisumbhana,Parisumbhana,(nt.) [fr.pari+<em>śumbh</em>] throwing down J.VI,508 (bhūmiyā p.).(Page 437),12,1
  9292. 344219,en,15,parisumbhati,parisumbhati,Parisumbhati,Parisumbhati,[pari+sumbhati] to strike,hit,throw down J.III,347 (=paharati C.); VI,370,376 (id.C.).(Page 437),12,1
  9293. 344225,en,15,parisussana,parisussana,Parisussana,Parisussana,(nt.) [fr.pari+<em>śuṣ</em>] drying up completely,withering J.V,97.(Page 437),11,1
  9294. 344232,en,15,parisussati,parisussati,Parisussati,Parisussati,[pari+sussati] to dry quite up,waste quite away J.II,5,339,437.-- Caus.parisoseti (q.v.).(Page 437),11,1
  9295. 344240,en,15,parita,parīta,Parīta,Parīta,see vi°.(Page 439),6,1
  9296. 344242,en,15,paritajjita,paritajjita,Paritajjita,Paritajjita,[pari+tajjita] scared (exceedingly),frightened Sdhp.147.(Page 426),11,1
  9297. 344246,en,15,paritapa,paritāpa,Paritāpa,Paritāpa,=foll.Miln.313 (ātāpa+).(Page 426),8,1
  9298. 344252,en,15,paritapana,paritāpana,Paritāpana,Paritāpana,(nt.) [pari+tāpana,of <em>tap</em>] tormenting,torture,affliction,mortification M.I,78,341--344; A.I,151,296; II,205 sq.(atta° self-mortification,opp.para°); Pug.55,56,61; PvA.18 (atta°),30 (id.).Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>ātāpana</i> (q.v.).(Page 426),10,1
  9299. 344261,en,15,paritapeti,paritāpeti,Paritāpeti,Paritāpeti,[pari+tapeti] to burn,scorch,molest,trouble,torture,torment M.I,341 (ātāpeti+),506; S.IV,337; A.III,54,380; J.V,420 (mā paritāpi).(Page 426),10,1
  9300. 344274,en,15,paritappati,paritappati,Paritappati,Paritappati,[Pass.of pari+<em>tap</em>] to be vexed,to grieve,worry,sorrow Th.2,313 (=santappati ThA.233); Miln.313.-- pp.<i>paritatta</i> (q.v.).(Page 426),11,1
  9301. 344281,en,15,paritasita,paritasita,Paritasita,Paritasita,(nt.) [pari+tasita<sup>1</sup> or tasita<sup>2</sup>] worry,excitement D.I,40 (v.l.°tassita,cp.Dial I.53).(Page 426),10,1
  9302. 344288,en,15,paritassana,paritassanā,Paritassanā,Paritassanā,(f.) [fr.paritassati,q.v.for meaning] trembling,fear; nervousness,worry; excitement,longing D.I,17 (=ubbijjanā phandanā etc.DA.I,111); M.I,136; III,227; S.III,15 sq.,133; Miln.253,400.-- neg.<i>a°</i> S.III,15; M.I,136.(Page 426),11,1
  9303. 344295,en,15,paritassati,paritassati,Paritassati,Paritassati,(°tasati) [pari+tasati<sup>1</sup>,in form clearly=Sk.paritṛṣyati,but freq.confused with tasati<sup>2</sup>,cp.<i>tasa</i>.Sn.924 is the only example of paritasati representing tasati<sup>2</sup>] to be excited,to be tormented,to show a longing after,to be worried D.II,68; M.I,36,67,151; S.II,82,194; III,43,55; IV,23,65,168; A.II,27; III,133 sq.; Sn.621 (=taṇhāya na bhāyati SnA 467,thus combining tasati<sup>1</sup> &#38; tasati<sup>2</sup>),924 (Pot.parittase,interpreted by Nd<sup>1</sup> 373 as taseyya,uttaseyya,bhāyeyya,thus taken as tasati<sup>2</sup>); Miln.253,400; Dh.397 (=taṇhāya na bhāyati DhA.IV,159); Sdhp.476.-- ppr.<i>aparitassaṃ</i> D.II,68; M.I,67; S.II,82; III,55; It.94.‹-› pp.<i>paritasita</i> (q.v.).(Page 426),11,1
  9304. 344303,en,15,paritassin,paritassin,Paritassin,Paritassin,(adj.) [fr.paritassati] trembling,excited,worrying,only neg.<i>a°</i> A.IV,108,111,230 sq.(Page 426),10,1
  9305. 344306,en,15,paritatta,paritatta,Paritatta,Paritatta,[pp.of paritappati] tormented,worried,vexed,grieved Miln.313.(Page 426),9,1
  9306. 344313,en,15,parito,parito,Parito,Parito,(adv.) [fr.pari,cp.Sk.paritaḥ] round about,around,on every side,everywhere,wholly Vin.II,194; SnA 393; VvA.316; PvA.33.(Page 426),6,1
  9307. 344328,en,15,paritoseti,paritoseti,Paritoseti,Paritoseti,[pari+toseti] to please,appease,satisfy,make happy J.I,262; III,386; V,216; PvA.213 (v.l.SS+ āsiñcati).(Page 426),10,1
  9308. 344342,en,15,paritta,paritta,Paritta,Paritta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) &#38; <i>Parittā</i> (f.) [fr.pari+<em>trā</em>,cp.tāṇa,tāyati &#38; also parittāna] protection,safeguard; (protective) charm,palliative,amulet Vin.II,110 (atta° f.personal protection) IV.305 (gutt’atthāya °ṃ pariyāpuṇāti); A.II,73 (rakkhā+parittā); J.I,200 (manto+parittaṃ+ vaḍḍhiṃ),396 (paccekabuddhehi °ṃ kārāpeti makes them find a safeguard through the P.); IV,31 (osadhaṃ vā °ṃ vā); Miln.150 (f. &#38; nt.).-- Var.parittās in the way of Suttantas are mentioned at Vism.414 (Khandha°; Dhajagga°:S.I,218 sq.; Āṭānāṭiya°:D.III,195 sq.; Mora°:J.II,33).Cf.Dialogues III,185.<br><br> <i>--vālikā</i> sand worn on the head as an amulet J.I,396,399.<i>--suttaka</i> a thread worn round the head as a charm J.I,396,399.(Page 426),7,1
  9309. 344343,en,15,paritta,paritta,Paritta,Paritta,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [BSk.parītta,pari+pp.of <em>dā</em> in short form *tta,like ātta for ādatta.The development of meaning however causes difficulties,paridatta meaning given up,transmitted,cp.Divy 388,whereas P.paritta means trifling.The BSk.form parītta (e.g.Divy 204,498,504; AvŚ I.329; II,137) may be a re-translation of P.paritta,which may correspond to Sk,prarikta,pp.of pra+<em>ric</em>,meaning “that which is exceeded,” i.e.left (over or behind)] small,little,inferior,insignificant,limited,of no account,trifling Vin.I,270; D.I,45; M.III,148 (°ābha of limited splendour,opp.Appamāṇ’‹-› ābha); S.II,98; IV,160 (opp.adhimatta); A.IV,241; V,63; It.71; Sn.61,390 (°pañña of inferior wisdom,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 415),1097 (id.); J.I,221; Dhs.181,584,1018,1034 (cp.Dhs.trsl.265,269); DA.I,119; KhA 133 (°dīpā the 2,000 inferior islands),176 (500 do.); PvA.198; Sdhp.251,261.Synonyms:appaka,omaka,lāmaka,dukkha Nd<sup>2</sup> 414; catukka Nd<sup>2</sup> 415 (opp.mahā); appaka PvA.48,60; appama taka PvA.262; ittara PvA.60; oma SnA 347; oraka SnA 489; lāmaka SnA 347.(Page 426),7,1
  9310. 344370,en,15,parittaka,parittaka,Parittaka,Parittaka,[paritta<sup>1</sup>+ka] small,insignificant,little Nd<sup>1</sup> 306 (for appaka etc.as at Nd<sup>2</sup> 414); Pv.I,10<sup>11</sup>; II,9<sup>67</sup>; Miln.121 (a°),253; DA.I,170 (for appa); PvA.51; Sdhp.42.-- f.<i>parittikā</i> Th.1,377.(Page 427),9,1
  9311. 344380,en,15,parittana,parittāṇa,Parittāṇa,Parittāṇa,(nt.) [pari+tāṇa.Cp.Epic Sk.paritrāṇa] protection,shelter,refuge,safeguard,safety D.I,9 (sara° from an arrow,i.e.a shield); III,189; J.VI,455; PvA.284; Sdhp.396.<br><br> <i>--kitikā</i> a protecting arrangement Vin.II,152,cp.Vin.Texts III,174.(Page 427),9,1
  9312. 344399,en,15,parittasin,parittāsin,Parittāsin,Parittāsin,(adj.) [pari+tāsin,fr.tāsa of tasati<sup>2</sup>] being in dread of (-°) S.I,201.(Page 427),10,1
  9313. 344416,en,15,parittayaka,parittāyaka,Parittāyaka,Parittāyaka,(adj.) [fr.pari+tāyati] safeguarding against,sheltering against,keeping away from Vism.376 (aṅgāra-vassaṃ p.thero).(Page 427),11,1
  9314. 344432,en,15,parituleti,parituleti,Parituleti,Parituleti,[pari+tuleti] to weigh,consider,estimate,think Vism.522.-- VbhA.130.(Page 426),10,1
  9315. 344443,en,15,parivaccha,parivaccha,Parivaccha,Parivaccha,(nt.) [formation from ger.of pari+<em>vrt</em>,corresp.to *parivṛtyaṃ (?)] being active,preparation,outfit J.V,46; VI,21 (gamana°); DhA.I,207 (gloss &#38; v.l.gamana-parisajja),395 (v.l.parisajja).<br><br> Note.According to Kern,Toev.s.v.<i>parivaccha</i> is wrong spelling for parivacca which is abstr.from pariyatta (*pariyatya),with <i>va</i> for <i>ya</i> as in pavacchati,pavecchati=Sk.prayacchati.(Page 435),10,1
  9316. 344451,en,15,parivaddhati,parivaḍḍhati,Parivaḍḍhati,Parivaḍḍhati,[pari+<em>vṛdh</em>] to increase,to be happy or prosperous Miln.297 (cittaṃ p.; opp.pariyādiyati).(Page 435),12,1
  9317. 344454,en,15,parivadentika,parivadentikā,Parivadentikā,Parivadentikā,(f.) [pari+vadento+ikā; vadento being ppr.Caus.of <em>vad</em>] making resound,resounding,in cpd.<i>godhā°</i> “string-resounding,” i.e.a string instrument,lute J.VI,580 (cp.Sk *parivāda an instrument with which the lute is played).-- Another <i>parivadentikā</i> we find at J.VI,540 (C.reading for T.°vadantikā,with v.l.°devantikā) denoting a kind of bird (ekā sakuṇajāti).(Page 435),13,1
  9318. 344455,en,15,parivadini,parivādinī,Parivādinī,Parivādinī,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>vad</em>,late Sk.the same] a lute of seven strings Abhp.138.-- See <i>parivadentikā</i>.(Page 435),10,1
  9319. 344461,en,15,parivahati,parivahati,Parivahati,Parivahati,[pari+vahati] to carry about Th.2,439 (dārake).(Page 435),10,1
  9320. 344467,en,15,parivajjana,parivajjana,Parivajjana,Parivajjana,(nt.) [fr.pari+<em>vṛj</em>] avoiding,avoidance M.I.7,10; A.III,387,389; Miln.408; Vism.33.As f.<i>°ā</i> at Vism.132,and ibid.as abstr.<i>parivajjanatā</i>.(Page 435),11,1
  9321. 344482,en,15,parivajjeti,parivajjeti,Parivajjeti,Parivajjeti,[pari+vajjeti,Caus.of <em>vṛj</em>] to shun,avoid,keep away from (Acc.) M.I,10; S.I,69,102,188,224; Sn.57 (=vivajjeti Nd<sup>2</sup> 419),395 sq.,768 (kāme,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 6),771; It.71; Dh.123 (pāpāni),269; J.IV,378 (fut.°essati); Pv IV.1<sup>46</sup> (nivesanaṃ); IV,1<sup>7Q</sup> (loke adinnaṃ °ayassu); Miln.91 (grd.°ajjayitabba),300,408; PvA.150 (v.l.°ajjati),221 (jīvitaṃ,for vijahati,better read with v.l.<i>pariccajati</i>).(Page 435),11,1
  9322. 344491,en,15,parivanneti,parivaṇṇeti,Parivaṇṇeti,Parivaṇṇeti,[pari+vaṇṇeti] to describe,praise,extol J.VI,213 (ppr.°vaṇṇayanto).-- pp.<i>°vaṇṇita</i>.(Page 435),11,1
  9323. 344494,en,15,parivannita,parivaṇṇita,Parivaṇṇita,Parivaṇṇita,[pp.of parivaṇṇeti] extolled,praised Sdhp.557.(Page 435),11,1
  9324. 344503,en,15,parivara,parivāra,Parivāra,Parivāra,[fr.pari+<em>vṛ</em>] 1.surrounding,suite,retinue,followers,entourage,pomp J.I,151; IV,38; VI,75; PvA.21,30 (°cāga-cetana,read pariccāga-cetana?); usually as adj.--° surrounded by,in company of Vin.I,38 (dasasata°); A.II,91 (deva° &#38; asura°); J.I,92 (mahā-bhikkhusaṅgha°); Pug.52 (pheggu sāra°; with expl<sup>n</sup> PugA 229:rukkho sayaṃ-pheggu hoti,parivāra-rukkhā pan’assa sārā honti); Miln.285 (dvisahassa-paritta-dīpa-p° ā,cattāro mahā dīpā); Vism.37; DhA.III,262 (pañcasatabhikkhu°); PvA.53 (accharā-sahassa°),74 (dvisahassadīpa°); <i>sa°</i> with a retinue (of ...) J.I,49 (cattāro dīpe); PvA.20.-- 2.followers,accompaniment or possession as a sign of honour,and therefore meaning “respect,” attendance,homage,fame (cp.paricāra) A.I,38 °sampadā) Ps.I,172 (pariggaha,p.,paripūra); DhA.II,77; ThA.241 (dhana+,riches and fame); VbhA.466; PvA.137 (sampatti=yaso); VvA.122 (=yaso).-- 3.ingredient,accessories (pl.),requisite J.I,266 (pañca-sugandhika°); Miln.290 (sa° dāna); DA.I,297 (=parikkhārā).-- 4.as N.it is the name of the last book of the Vinaya Piṭaka (“The Accessory”),the Appendix,a sort of résumé and index of the preceding books SnA 97 (sa-parivāraka Vinaya-piṭaka); VbhA.432.(Page 435),8,1
  9325. 344511,en,15,parivaraka,parivāraka,Parivāraka,Parivāraka,(adj.) [parivāra+ka] accompanying,forming a retinue J.V,234.See also <i>parivāra</i> 4 and <i>paricāraka</i>.(Page 436),10,1
  9326. 344523,en,15,parivarana,parivāraṇa,Parivāraṇa,Parivāraṇa,(nt.) [fr.pari+<em>vṛ</em>] 1.covering,drapery (so trsl.at K.S.p.45) S.I,33.-- 2.(adj.) (-°) surrounded by J.V,195 (=parikkhitta C.).(Page 436),10,1
  9327. 344536,en,15,parivareti,parivāreti,Parivāreti,Parivāreti,[Caus.of pari+<em>vṛ</em>] to cover,encompass,surround J.I,181 (nagaraṃ °ayiṃsu); II,102 (fut.°essati); III,371 (rukkhaṃ); IV,405 (for parikaroti); VI,179.‹-› ger.<i>parivāretvā</i> used as prep.“round” J.I,172 (pokkharaṇiṃ).-- In meaning “to serve,attend upon,” also “to attend upon oneself,to amuse oneself,” <i>parivāreti</i> is often erroneously read for paricāreti,e.g.at D.II,13; Pv IV.1<sup>29</sup> (v.l.°cāreti); PvA.228; in ppr.med.<i>°vāriyamāna</i> (with v.l.°cāriyamāna) at D.II,21; A.I,145; J.I,58; VvA.92.-- See also <i>anuparivāreti</i>.-- pp.<i>parivārita</i> (q.v.).(Page 436),10,1
  9328. 344545,en,15,parivarita,parivārita,Parivārita,Parivārita,[pp.of parivāreti] surrounded,fig.honoured S.I,166,192=Th1,1235; J.II,48; purakkhata+); DhA.IV,49 (=purakkhata Dh.343); DhsA.1 (devānaṃ gaṇena); Dāvs.I,16 (v.l.for parimārita).(Page 436),10,1
  9329. 344554,en,15,parivasa,parivāsa,Parivāsa,Parivāsa,[fr.pari+<em>vas</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,cp.Epic Sk.parivāsa only in meaning 1] 1.sojourn; stay,in phrase <i>vipassanā°</i> DhA.III,118; DhsA.215.-- 2.period under probation,(living under) probation Vin.III,186 (°ṃ vasati,cp.parivuttha); IV,30; S.II,21 (°ṃ vasati).<i>°ṃ deti</i> to allow probation Vin.I,49; II,7; IV,30,127; <i>°ṃ yācati</i> to ask for probation Vin.IV,30,127.-- <i>samodhāna°</i> inclusive probation Vin.II,48 sq.; suddhanta° probation of complete purification Vin.II,59 sq.-- 3.period,time (lit.stay),interval,duration Ud.7 (eka-ratti°).<br><br> <i>--dāna</i> the allowance of probation A.I,99.(Page 436),8,1
  9330. 344566,en,15,parivasati,parivasati,Parivasati,Parivasati,[pari+<em>vas</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>] to stay,dwell,to live under probation Vin.III,186 (grd.°vatthabba); IV,30,127; D.I,176; M.I,391; S.II,21; Sn.697 (=pabbajitvā tāpasavesena vasati SnA 490).-- ppr.med.<i>paribbasāna;</i> pp.<i>parivuṭṭha </i>&<i> parivuttha</i> (q.v.).(Page 435),10,1
  9331. 344576,en,15,parivasika,parivāsika,Parivāsika,Parivāsika,(adj.) [fr.pari+<em>vas</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,see parivasati] 1.“staying,” i.e.usual,accustomed,common SnA 35 (°bhatta; or is it “fermented,” and thus to be taken to No.3?); a° unusual,new,uncommon J.II,435 (where it is comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>abhinava</i>,which should be substituted for readings accuṇha,abbhuṇha &#38; abhiṇha according to similar expl<sup>n</sup> of paccaggha at PvA.87),with v.l.samparivāsita (well-seasoned?).-- 2.a probationer Vin.II,162.In this meaning usually spelt pāri° (q.v.).-- 3.in comb<sup>n</sup> cira° (with ref.to food) it may be interpreted either as “staying long,being in use for a long time,” i.e.stale; or it may be derived fr.vāsa<sup>3</sup> (odour,perfume or seasoning) and translated (so Mrs.Rh.D.in Expositor 63,64) “long-fermented” (better “seasoned”?) DhsA.48 (°vāsika &#38; vāsiya); ThA.29.(Page 436),10,1
  9332. 344579,en,15,parivasika,pārivāsika,Pārivāsika,Pārivāsika,=pari° (a probationer),Vin.I,136; II,31 sq,where distinguished from a pakatatta bhikkhu,a regular,ordained bh.to whom a pārivāsika is inferior in rank.Pārisajja [fr.parisā] belonging to an assembly,pl.the members of an assembly,esp.those who sit in council,councillors (cp.BSk.pāriṣadya councillor Divy 291) Vin.I,348; D.I,136; III,64,65; M.I,326; S.I,145,222; A.I,142; Miln.234; DA.I,297.(Page 455),10,1
  9333. 344592,en,15,parivasita,parivāsita,Parivāsita,Parivāsita,(adj.) [pari+pp.of vāseti fr.vāsa<sup>3</sup>] perfumed (all round) J.I,51 (v.l.°vārita); cp.samparivāsita (wellseasoned?),which is perhaps to be read at J.II,435 for <i>aparivāsika</i>.(Page 436),10,1
  9334. 344598,en,15,parivassati,parivassati,Parivassati,Parivassati,at Pv.II,9<sup>36</sup> is to be read as <i>paridhassati</i> (see paridahati).(Page 435),11,1
  9335. 344602,en,15,parivata,parivāta,Parivāta,Parivāta,(-°) [pp.of pari+<em>vā</em>] blown round or through,i.e.filled with,stirred by Miln.19 (isi-vāta°).(Page 435),8,1
  9336. 344610,en,15,parivatta,parivaṭṭa,Parivaṭṭa,Parivaṭṭa,[fr.pari+<em>vṛt</em>,cp.parivattana] round,circle,succession,mainly in two phrases,viz.<i>catu°</i> fourfold circle M.III,67; S.III,59 (pañcupādāna-kkhandhe,cp.aṭṭha-parivaṭṭa-adhideva-ñāṇadassana A.IV,304); and <i>ñāti°</i> circle of relatives D.I,61 (=ñāti DA.I,170; cp.expl<sup>n</sup> ābandhan’atthena ñāti yeva ñāti -- parivaṭṭo DA.I,181=PugA 236); II,241; M.III,33; Pug.57; ThA.68; VvA.87.-- See further at DA.I,143 (rāja°),283 (id.,but spelt °vatta); SnA 210.(Page 435),9,1
  9337. 344618,en,15,parivatta,parivatta,Parivatta,Parivatta,(adj.) [fr.pari+<em>vṛt</em>] changing round,twisting,turning; f.pl.<i>°āyo</i> J.V,431.(Page 435),9,1
  9338. 344628,en,15,parivattaka,parivattaka,Parivattaka,Parivattaka,[fr.parivatta] circle (lit.turning round) J.I,101; cp.<i>parivattika</i> in phrase paligha° (q.v.).(Page 435),11,1
  9339. 344635,en,15,parivattaka,pārivattaka,Pārivattaka,Pārivattaka,(adj.)=pari°; changing,turning round (of cīvara) Vin.IV,59,60.(Page 455),11,1
  9340. 344646,en,15,parivattana,parivattana,Parivattana,Parivattana,(nt.) [fr.parivattati] setting going,keeping up,propounding J.I,200 (°manta adj.one who knows a charm); Nett 1 sq.,106.(Page 435),11,1
  9341. 344655,en,15,parivattati,parivattati,Parivattati,Parivattati,[pari+<em>vṛt</em>] 1.to turn round,twist (trs. &#38; intrs.),go about Vin.II,220; J.V,431 (singaṃ); Pv IV.5<sup>3</sup> (=pariyāti PvA.260); Miln.118; DA.I,265.-- 2.(intrs.) to change about,move,change,turn to Pv.II,10<sup>5</sup> (=pariṇamati PvA.144); III,4<sup>4</sup> (id.194); III,6<sup>5</sup>; PvA.178.-- Caus.<i>parivatteti</i> (q.v.).Cp.vipari°.(Page 435),11,1
  9342. 344666,en,15,parivatteti,parivatteti,Parivatteti,Parivatteti,[Caus.of parivattati] 1.to turn round (trs.),to turn over J.I,202; II,275 (sarīraṃ); V,217; DA.I,244.-- 2.to deal with,handle,set going,put forth,recite Vism.96,in phrase <i>mantaṃ</i> p.to recite,practise a charm J.I,200,253; Pv.II,6<sup>13</sup> (=sajjhāyati vāceti PvA.97); cp.mantaṃ pavatteti &#38; pavattar; <i>saraṃ</i> p.to make a sound J.I,405; <i>adhippāyaṃ</i> speak out,propound,discuss PvA.131.-- 3.to change,exchange Vin.II,174; J.III,437.-- pp.<i>parivattita</i> (q.v.).(Page 435),11,1
  9343. 344680,en,15,parivattita,parivattita,Parivattita,Parivattita,[pp.of parivatteti] 1.turned round,twisted J.IV,384.-- 2.recited Vism.96.(Page 435),11,1
  9344. 344691,en,15,parivatuma,parivaṭuma,Parivaṭuma,Parivaṭuma,(?) (adj.) [doubtful spelling &#38; expl<sup>n</sup>; perhaps “parivaṭṭin?] forming a circle,circular D.I,22 (trsl<sup>d</sup> “a path could be traced round it” Dial.I.36).Can it be misspelling for <i>pariyanta</i>? Kern,Toev.s.v.equals it to Sk.parivartman,and adds reference <i>°kata</i> “bounded” (syn.paricchinna) Miln.132.(Page 435),10,1
  9345. 344698,en,15,parivena,pariveṇa,Pariveṇa,Pariveṇa,(nt.) [etym.?] 1.all that belongs to a castle,a mansion and its constituents Vv 84<sup>53</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.351 as follows:veṇiyato pekkhitabbato pariveṇaṃ pāsāda-kūtâgāra-ratti-ṭṭhān’ādisampannaṃ pākāraparikkhittaṃ dvārakoṭṭhaka-yuttaṃ āvāsaṃ); DhA.I,260 (pāsāda°).-- 2.a cell or private chamber for a bhikkhu (cp.Vin.Texts III,109,203) Vin.I,49=II.210 (p.koṭṭhaka upaṭṭhāna-sālā); I,216 (vihārena vihāraṃ pariveṇena pariveṇaṃ upasaṅkamitvā),247 (id.); II,167 (vihāra+); III,69,119 (susammaṭṭhaṃ); IV,52,252 (°vāsika); J.I,126; Miln.15 (°ṃ sammajjati),19; Vism.90; DhA.II,179 (°dvāra); IV,204; VbhA.13.(Page 436),8,1
  9346. 344707,en,15,pariveni,pariveṇi,Pariveṇi,Pariveṇi,(f.)=pariveṇa 2; Vin.I,80 (anu pariveṇiyaṃ each in their own cell),106 (id.).(Page 436),8,1
  9347. 344715,en,15,parivesaka,parivesaka,Parivesaka,Parivesaka,(adj.) [fr.pari+<em>viṣ</em>] waiting,serving up meals Vism.109.-- f.<i>°ikā</i> ThA.17.(Page 436),10,1
  9348. 344723,en,15,parivesana,parivesanā,Parivesanā,Parivesanā,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>vis</em>] distribution of food,feeding,serving meals Vin.I,229; S.I,172; Sn.p.13 (=bhattavissagga SnA 140); Miln.247,249; DhA.IV,162; PvA.109 (°ṭṭhāna),135 (id.).(Page 436),10,1
  9349. 344732,en,15,parivethita,pariveṭhita,Pariveṭhita,Pariveṭhita,[pp.of pari+<em>veṣṭ</em>] enveloped,covered Miln.22.Opp.<i>nibbeṭṭhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 436),11,1
  9350. 344746,en,15,parivimamsati,parivīmaṃsati,Parivīmaṃsati,Parivīmaṃsati,[pari+vīmaṃsati,Desid.of pari+<em>man</em>,cp.vīmaṃsā for mīmāṃsā] to think over,consider thoroughly,examine,search S.II,80 sq.; It.42=Sn.975 (ppr.dhammaṃ °vīmaṃsamāna,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 508); DA.I,134; DhA.IV,117 (attānaṃ).(Page 436),13,1
  9351. 344754,en,15,parivisaka,parivisaka,Parivisaka,Parivisaka,(adj.) [fr.parisati] providing,serving food Vism.108.(Page 436),10,1
  9352. 344762,en,15,parivisati,parivisati,Parivisati,Parivisati,[pari+viṣ,viveṣti; same use of parivise (inf.) in R.V,X.61<sup>10</sup>] to serve (with food=Instr.),wait upon,present,offer Vin.I,240 (bhatṭena); II,77 (kaṇājakena bilaṅgadutiyena); D.II,127; J.I,87,90; II,277; IV,116; Pv.II,8<sup>4</sup> (=bhojeti PvA.107); II,8<sup>8</sup> (id.109); Vism.108,150 (sūdo bhattāraṃ p.); VvA.6; PvA.42,78.(Page 436),10,1
  9353. 344775,en,15,parivitakka,parivitakka,Parivitakka,Parivitakka,[pari+vitakka,cp.BSk.parivitarka Divy 291] reflection,meditation,thought,consideration M.II,170 (ākāra°),Vin.II,74; S.II,115 (id.); A.II,193 (id.); Miln.13; DhA.II,62; DhsA.74; VvA.3; PvA.282 (vutta-°e nipāta in expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>nūna</i>).Usually in phrase cetasā ceto-<i>parivitakka</i> mental reflection,e.g.D.I,117; II,218; S.I,121,178; III,96; V,294; A.III,374; and <i>cetasoparivitakka</i>,e.g.D.I,134; S.I,71,103,139; II,273; III,96,103; IV,105; V,167; A.II,20.(Page 436),11,1
  9354. 344787,en,15,parivitakketi,parivitakketi,Parivitakketi,Parivitakketi,[pari+vitakketi] to consider,reflect,meditate upon J.III,277.-- pp.<i>°vitakkita</i> (q.v.).(Page 436),13,1
  9355. 344796,en,15,parivitakkita,parivitakkita,Parivitakkita,Parivitakkita,[pp.of parivitakketi] reflected,meditated,thought over M.I,32; S.I,193.-- nt.°ṃ reflection,thinking over PvA.123 (°e with ref.to <i>nūna</i>,i.e.particle of reflection).(Page 436),13,1
  9356. 344802,en,15,parivitthinna,parivitthiṇṇa,Parivitthiṇṇa,Parivitthiṇṇa,[pari+vitthiṇṇa,Sk.vīstīrṇa,pp.,of vi+ <em>stṛ</em>] spread out wide Miln.99.(Page 436),13,1
  9357. 344809,en,15,parivuta,parivuta,Parivuta,Parivuta,[pp.of pari+<em>vṛ</em>] surrounded by (-° or Instr.) S.I,177; J.I,152 (miga-gaṇa°),203 (devagaṇena); II,127 (dāsi-gaṇa°); III,371 (mahā-jana°); VI,75; Vv 16<sup>5</sup> (=samantato p.VvA.81); PvA.3 (dhutta-jana°),62 (parijana°),140 (deva-gaṇa°).(Page 436),8,1
  9358. 344815,en,15,parivuttha,parivuṭṭha,Parivuṭṭha,Parivuṭṭha, &#38; °vuttha [pp.of parivasati] staying (a period),living (for a time),spending (or having spent) one’s probation (cp.BSk.paryuṣita-parivāsa AvŚ I.259) Vin.III,186 (tth); S.II,21 (ṭṭh).(Page 436),10,1
  9359. 344826,en,15,parivyatta,parivyatta,Parivyatta,Parivyatta,(adj.) [pari+vyatta] quite conspicuous or clear Vism.162.(Page 436),10,1
  9360. 344830,en,15,pariya,pariya,Pariya,Pariya,[either short form of pariyāya,or ger.of pari+<i>ī</i> substantivised (for the regular form paricca) representing an ending --ya instead of --tya.-- Bdhgh at Vism.409 takes pariya as nt.,but seems to mix it with the idea of a ppr.by defining it as “pariyātī ti pariyaṃ,paricchindatī ti attho”] encompassing,fathoming,comprehending (as ger.); penetration,understanding (as n.).Only in phrase <i>ceto-pariya-ñāṇa</i> knowledge encompassing heart or mind (cp.phrase cetasā ceto paricca) D.II,82 sq.(v.l.°āya); III,100 (v.l.°āye); DA.I,223 (corresp.with pubbe-nivāsa-ñāṇa); with which alternates the phrase <i>indriya-paro-pariya-ñāṇa</i> in same meaning (see indriya cpds. &#38; remark on paropariya) J.I,78.-- See also pariyatta<sup>1</sup> pariyatti,pariyāya 3,and cpds.of ceto.(Page 432),6,1
  9361. 344834,en,15,pariya,pariyā,Pariyā,Pariyā,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>yā</em>] winding round,turning round; of a tree,branch J.VI,528 (duma°; read °pariyāsu with v.l.instead of T.pariyāyesu; C.expl<sup>s</sup> by sākhā).(Page 432),6,1
  9362. 344839,en,15,pariyadana,pariyādāna,Pariyādāna,Pariyādāna,(nt.) [pari+ādāna,opp.upādāna] “taking up completely,” i.e.using up,consummation,consumption,finishing,end M.I,487 (kaṭṭha°,opp.to upādāna); S.I,152; III,16 sq.(cetaso p.,cp.pariyādāya &#38; °dinna); IV,33 (sabb’upādāna°) A.II,139; J.V,186.Cp.BSk.paryādāna Divy 4,55,100.-- Esp.in foll.phrases:<i>āsava° </i>&<i> jīvita°</i> D.I,46 (jīvita-pariyādānā Abl.,expl<sup>d</sup> at Dh.I,128 as “jīvitassa sabbaso pariyādinnattā parikkhīṇattā puna appaṭisandhika-bhāvā ti attho”); S.II,83=A.II,198; S.III,126; IV,213; A.IV,13,146; Pug.13; Miln.397; and comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>parikkhaya</i> in °ṃ gacchati to be exhausted or consummated A.V,173= Sn.p.126; Miln.102; PvA.147,cp.BSk.parikṣayaṃ paryādānaṃ gacchati Divy 567; AvŚ I.48; II,193.(Page 432),10,1
  9363. 344845,en,15,pariyadati,pariyādāti,Pariyādāti,Pariyādāti,[pari+ādāti] to take up in an excessive degree,to exhaust.Only in secondary forms of med-pass.<i>ādiyati</i>,pp.<i>°ādinna</i>,ger.<i>ādāya</i> (q.v.).(Page 432),10,1
  9364. 344851,en,15,pariyadaya,pariyādāya,Pariyādāya,Pariyādāya,(indecl.) [ger.of pariyādati] 1.taking all round,summing up,completely Nd<sup>2</sup> 533 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of ye keci,as synonymous with sabbato,i.e.for completeness,exhaustively).-- 2.exhausting,overpowering,enticing,taking hold of,as <i>cittaṃ</i> p.“taking hold of the mind” M.I,91; It.19; DhA.I,15.-- 3.losing control over,giving out (<i>cittaṃ</i>) S.III,16; IV,125.In absolute sense perhaps at S.V,51=A.IV,127 (with vv.ll.pariyenāya &#38; pariyāya).(Page 433),10,1
  9365. 344857,en,15,pariyadinna,pariyādinna,Pariyādinna,Pariyādinna,[often spelt <i>°diṇṇa</i>,e.g.in vv.ll.at D.II,8; M.II,172; III,118.-- pp.of pariyādiyati] 1.(Pass.) exhausted,finished,put an end to,consummated Vin.I,25 (tejo); D.II,8=M.III,118; S.II,133 sq.(dukkhaṃ; parikkhīṇaṃ+); V,461 sq.-- neg.<i>apariyādinna</i> not finished,not exhausted M.I,79 (muttakarīsaṃ °ādiṇṇaṃ),83 (dhammadesanā ādiṇṇā); S.II,178 sq.-- 2.(Med.) having exhausted,lost control over,being overcome (usually °citta adj.) Vin.II,185; M.II,172; S.II,228; Nd<sup>2</sup> 32; PvA.279.(Page 433),11,1
  9366. 344862,en,15,pariyadinnatta,pariyādinnatta,Pariyādinnatta,Pariyādinnatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.pariyādinna] exhaustion,consummation DA.I,128.(Page 433),14,1
  9367. 344869,en,15,pariyadiyati,pariyādiyati,Pariyādiyati,Pariyādiyati,[sometimes spelt °diyyati,e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; pari+ādiyati,q.v.for etym.ref.] 1.to put an end to,exhaust,overpower,destroy,master,control S.III,155 (rāgaṃ); Nd<sup>2</sup> under parisahati.-- Pot.<i>°ādiyeyyaṃ</i> Vin.I,25 (tejaṃ).-- ger.<i>°ādiyitvā</i> Vin.I,25 (tejaṃ); IV,109 (id.); S.I,84 (trsl.“confiscate”).-- 2.to become exhausted,give out J.V,186 (udakaṃ); Miln.297 (cittaṃ p.; opp.to parivaḍḍhati).-- pp.<i>pariyādinna</i> (q.v.).(Page 433),12,1
  9368. 344876,en,15,pariyagara,pariyāgāra,Pariyāgāra,Pariyāgāra,(adj.) [pari+āgāra] having the house all round,entirely surrounded by the house Vin.III,119 (of gabbha).(Page 432),10,1
  9369. 344880,en,15,pariyagata,pariyāgata,Pariyāgata,Pariyāgata,[pari+ā+gata] having come to,reached,attained J.VI,237 (phalaṃ; C=upagata),238 (kusalaṃ; C.=pariyāyena attano vārena āgata).(Page 432),10,1
  9370. 344886,en,15,pariyahanana,pariyāhanana,Pariyāhanana,Pariyāhanana,(nt.) [fr.pari+ā+<em>han</em>] striking,beating Vism.142 (<i>āhanana°</i> in exposition of vitakka)=DhsA.114 (“circumimpinging” Expos.151).(Page 433),12,1
  9371. 344899,en,15,pariyahata,pariyāhata,Pariyāhata,Pariyāhata,[pari+āhata] struck out,affected with (-°),only in phrase <i>takka°</i> “beaten out by argumentations” D.I,16 (cp.DA.I,106); M.I,520.(Page 433),10,1
  9372. 344905,en,15,pariyanna,pariyañña,Pariyañña,Pariyañña,[pari+yañña] supreme or extraordinary offering or sacrifice SnA 321,322.(Page 432),9,1
  9373. 344912,en,15,pariyanta,pariyanta,Pariyanta,Pariyanta,[pari+anta,cp.Sk.paryanta] 1.limit,end,climax,border S.I,80 (manāpa° “limit-point in enjoyment”; cp.C.nipphattikaṃ koṭikaṃ K.S.320); J.I,149 (hattha-pāda° hoofs),221 (udaka°),223 (sara°); II,200 (aṅgana°); Pv.II,13<sup>12</sup>; DhA.III,172 (parisa°).‹-› 2.limit,boundary,restriction,limitation Vin.II,59,60 (āpatti°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 483 (distinguishes between 4 pariyantā with ref.to one’s character,viz.sīlasaṃvara° indriyasaṃvara°,bhojane mattaññutā°,jāgariyânuyoga°).‹-› 3.(adj.-°) bounded by,limited by,surrounded,ending in Vin.IV,31; M.III,90; S.II,122 (āyu°); A.I,164 (id.); Sn.577 (bhedana°); Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup> (parikkhitta PvA.52).--<i>apariyanta</i> (adj.) boundless,limitless PvA.58,166.<br><br> <i>--kata</i> restricted,limited,bounded Nd<sup>2</sup> taṇhā<SUP>III</SUP> (with sīmakata &#38; odhikata; v.l.pariyanti°,cp.BSk.paryantīkṛta “finished” Divy 97,236).<i>--cārin</i> living in selfrestriction Sn.964 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 483).<i>--dassāvin</i> seeing the limit A.V,50.<i>--rahita</i> without limits DhA.III,252.(Page 432),9,1
  9374. 344929,en,15,pariyantavant,pariyantavant,Pariyantavant,Pariyantavant,(adj.) [fr.pariyanta] having a limit,having a set or well-defined purpose; f.<i>°vatī</i> (vācā) discriminating speech D.I,4=M.III,49=Pug.58; expl<sup>d</sup> as “paricchedaṃ dassetvā yatha ‘ssa paricchedo paññāyati,evaṃ bhāsatī ti attho” DA.I,76=PugA 238.(Page 432),13,1
  9375. 344934,en,15,pariyantika,pariyantika,Pariyantika,Pariyantika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.pariyanta] ending in,bounded or limited by S.II,83=A.II,198 (kāya-p.°ā &#38; jīvita-p.°ā vedanā); Vism.69 (bhojana°,udaka°,āsana°); Sdhp.440 (kāla° sīla).(Page 432),11,1
  9376. 344937,en,15,pariyapadana,pariyāpadāna,Pariyāpadāna,Pariyāpadāna,(nt.) [pari+apadāna,the latter for ava°,and metrical lengthening of a] good advice,application,trick,artfulness,artifice J.V,361,369.(C.expln<sup>d</sup> as parisuddha after v.l.pariyodāta which was prob.misread for pariyodāna),370.(Page 433),12,1
  9377. 344941,en,15,pariyapadeti,pariyāpādeti,Pariyāpādeti,Pariyāpādeti,[Caus.of pariyāpajjati] to finish off,i.e.put to death completely S.IV,308 sq.=A.III,94.(Page 433),12,1
  9378. 344946,en,15,pariyapajjati,pariyāpajjati,Pariyāpajjati,Pariyāpajjati,[pari+āpajjati] to be finished A.IV,339.‹-› pp.<i>pariyāpanna</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>pariyāpādeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 433),13,1
  9379. 344952,en,15,pariyapanna,pariyāpanna,Pariyāpanna,Pariyāpanna,[pari+āpanna,cp.adhipanna] 1.“gone completely into,” included in,belonging to,got into Vin.I,46 (patta° that which has been put into the bowl); D.I,45 (=ābaddha DA.I,127); SnA 397 (milakkhabhāsa° etc.); KhA 136 (vinaya°),191 (saṅgha°); DhA.I,158 (idhaloka-paraloka°); PvA.14,33,59,129 (devaloka°),150.-- 2.accomplished (i.e.gone into the matter),thorough,mastering (said of <i>vācā</i>) S.II,280 =A.II,51.-- 3.(°ā dhammā) the Included,viz.all that is contained in the threefold cycle of existence (i.e.the worlds of sense,form &#38; formless) Dhs.1268; Vbh.12,15,19 &#38; passim; DhsA.50.Opp.<i>apariyāpannā</i> (dhammā) the Unincluded (viz.all that is exempt from this cycle) Ps.I,101; Dhs.583 (cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 165,254,329,332),992,1242; Kvu 507.(Page 433),11,1
  9380. 344957,en,15,pariyapannatta,pariyāpannatta,Pariyāpannatta,Pariyāpannatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.pariyāpanna] includedness SnA 174.(Page 433),14,1
  9381. 344962,en,15,pariyapunana,pariyāpuṇana,Pariyāpuṇana,Pariyāpuṇana,(nt.) [abstr.form<sup>n</sup> fr.pariyāpuṇāti] mastery over,accomplishment in (Gen.) Vism.442 (Buddhavacanassa).(Page 433),12,1
  9382. 344969,en,15,pariyapunati,pariyāpuṇāti,Pariyāpuṇāti,Pariyāpuṇāti,[pari+<em>āp</em>,cp.BSk.paryavāpnoti Divy 613] 1.to learn (by heart),to master,to gain mastership over,to learn thoroughly Vin.IV,305 (parittaṃ a charm); D.I,117 (=jānāti DA.I,117); A.III,86 (dhammaṃ); fut.<i>pariyāpuṇissati</i> DhA.I,382 (dhammaṃ); ger.pariyāpuṇitvā S.I,176; II,120; SnA 195 (nikāyaṃ).-- 2.(with inf.) to know (to do something),to be able to Vin.II,109 (aor.°iṃsu),121.-- pp.<i>pariyāputa</i> and <i>pariyatta</i> (q.v.).(Page 433),12,1
  9383. 344980,en,15,pariyaputa,pariyāputa,Pariyāputa,Pariyāputa,[pp.of pariyāpuṇāti] 1.learned by heart,known Nd<sup>1</sup> 234=Nd<sup>2</sup> 386 (Buddhavacana).-- 2.learned,accomplished DA.I,21.-- See also <i>pariyatta<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 433),10,1
  9384. 344986,en,15,pariyati,pariyāti,Pariyāti,Pariyāti,[pari+<em>yā</em>] 1.to go round (Acc.) J.I,307.-- 2.to come near J.II,440.(Page 432),8,1
  9385. 344991,en,15,pariyatta,pariyatta,Pariyatta,Pariyatta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [cp.Sk.paryāpta.pp.of pari+<em>āp</em>,see pāpuṇāti] (a) capable of,mastered,kept in mind,learned by heart; only in phrase <i>dhammo ca vinayo ca</i> p.Vin.II,285=KhA 92; D.III,241 sq.(yathā sutaṃ yathā p°ṃ dhammaṃ).-- (b) sufficient,enough PvA.33 (=alaṃ) (Page 432),9,1
  9386. 344992,en,15,pariyatta,pariyatta,Pariyatta,Pariyatta,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [abstr.fr.pariya (pari+<i>i</i>) but confused with pariyatta<sup>2</sup> &#38; pariyatti fr.pari+<i>āp</i>] learning,understanding,comprehension,only in phrase <i>indriyaparo pariyatta</i> (-ñāṇa) (knowledge of) what goes on in the intentions of others A.V,34,38; Ps.I,121 sq.; Vbh.340.(Page 432),9,1
  9387. 345002,en,15,pariyatti,pariyatti,Pariyatti,Pariyatti,(f.) [fr.pari+<em>āp</em>,cp.Epic Sk.paryāpti &#38; P.pariyāpuṇāti] adequacy,accomplishment,sufficiency,capability,competency; <i>indriya-paro°</i> efficiency in the (knowledge of) thoughts of others S.V,205; Nett 101.Three accomplishments are distinguished at DA.I,21 sq.,viz.alagadd-ûpamā (like a serpent),nissaraṇatthā (on account of salvation) and bhaṇḍâgārika° (of a treasurer),apariyatti-kara bringing no advantage DhA.I,71.-- 2.accomplishment in the Scriptures,study (learning by heart) of the holy texts Vism.95.Also the Scriptures themselves as a body which is handed down through oral tradition.In this meaning the word is only found in later,dogmatic literature; <i>--tīsu piṭakesu tividho pariyatti-bhedo</i> DA.I,21.At SnA 494 it is classed with <i>paccaya dhutaṅga </i>&<i> adhigama;</i> as a part of <i>paṭibhāna</i> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 234=Nd<sup>2</sup> 386.<i>pariyattiṃ uggaṇhāti</i> to undertake the learning (of the Scriptures) DhA.II,30; cp.KhA 91 (tipiṭaka-sabba-p.-pabheda-<i>dhara</i>); J.II,48 (<i>°ṃ ṭhapetvā</i> leaving the learning aside); Miln.115,215,345,411 <i>(āgama°)</i>.-- Abl.<i>pariyattito</i> through learning by heart SnA 195 (opp.to <i>atthato</i> according to the meaning).<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> that which belongs to the holy study,part or contents of the Scriptures,the Tipiṭaka comprising the nine divisions (see navaṅga Buddha-sāsana) KhA 191,193; SnA 328; PvA.2; cp.°sāsana.<i>--dhara</i> knowing the Scriptures by heart Miln.21.<i>--dhura</i> (=ganthadhura):see vāsadhura.<i>--paṭibhānavant</i> possessed of intelligence as regards learning the Scriptures SnA 111.<i>--parimāṇa</i> extent of study SnA 1,608.<i>--bahula</i> clever in the study of the Dhamma A.III,86.<i>--bahussuta</i> versed in the Scriptures SnA 110.<i>--sāsana</i> object,instruction of the Scriptures,code of the holy Texts (cp.°dhamma) Nd<sup>1</sup> 143; DhA.IV,39.(Page 432),9,1
  9388. 345026,en,15,pariyaya,pariyaya,Pariyaya,Pariyaya,[cp.Epic Sk.paryaya,pari+<i>i</i>; the usual P.form is pariyāya,but at the foll.passages the short a is required metri causa] revolution,lapse of time,period,term J.III,460 (=kālapariyāya C.); V,367 (kāla°).(Page 432),8,1
  9389. 345031,en,15,pariyaya,pariyāya,Pariyāya,Pariyāya,[fr.pari+<em>i</em>,cp.Class.Sk.paryāya in all meanings,already Vedic in meaning of “formula,” in liturgy,cp.below 4] lit.“going round” analysed by Bdhgh in 3 diff.meanings,viz.<i>vāra</i> (turn,course),<i>desanā</i> (instruction,presentation),and <i>kāraṇa</i> (cause,reason,also case,matter),see DA.I,36 and cp.Kindred Sayings I,320.-- 1.arrangement,disposition,in phrase <i>°ṃ karoti</i> to arrange D.I,179 (trsl<sup>n</sup> takes it literally “departure,” i.e.going out of one’s way,détour; or change of habit,see Dial I.245); M.I,252,326; III,7,62; S.I,142 (trsl.“make occasion” [for coming]).‹-› 2.order,succession,turn,course (=vāra) D.I,166 ≈ (°bhatta i.e.feeding in turn or at regular intervals; expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>vāra-</i>bhatta PugA 232); M.I,78,282,481; S.II,51 sq.; A.II,206; J.V,153 (=vāra); PvA.242 (aparā°).-- 3.what goes on,way,habit,quality,property S.I,146 (<i>ceto°</i> habits of mind,thoughts,but see also <i>pariya</i>); A.V,160 (citta°,see ceto).-- 4.discussion,instruction,method (of teaching),discourse on (-°),representation of (-°) (=desanā); thus āditta° (of Vin.I,34) DhA.I,88; esp.in cpd.<i>dhamma°</i> disquisition on the Dhamma D.I,46; II,93; M.I,83; III,67; S.II,74; V,357; A.III,62; IV,166,381; Sn.p.218; also in foll.:vitakka° M.I,122; deva° A.III,402 sq.; peta° PvA.92; cp.Vism.41 (°kathā).-- 5.in Abhidhamma terminology,specifically:pariyāyena,the mode of teaching in the Suttanta,ad hominem,discursively,applied method,illustrated discourse,figurative language as opposed to the abstract,general statements of Abhidhamma=nippariyāyena,nippariyāyato Vism.473,499; cp.DhsA.317 (figuratively).-- 6.mode,manner,reason,cause,way (=<i>kāraṇa</i>) D.I,185 (iminā °ena),186 (id.); II,339 (ayaṃ p.yena °ena); DA.I,106 (tena tena °ena in some way or other); DhsA.366 (iminā °ena for this reason); esp.in phrase <i>aneka-</i>pariyāyena in many (or various) ways Vin.I,16,45; D.I,1 (cp.DA.I,36),174; M.I,24; A.I,56; Sn.p.15.-- 7.winding round (of a tree:branch),in doubtful reading at J.VI,528 (see <i>pariyā</i>).-- See also <i>nippariyāya</i>.(Page 433),8,1
  9390. 345047,en,15,pariyena,pariyena,Pariyena,Pariyena,[fr.pari+<em>i</em>,cp.Sk.*paryayana] going round,walking round; of a ship:sailing round,tour,voyage S.V,51 (pariyenāya,v.l.pariyādāya)=A.IV,127 (reads pariyādāya v.l.pariyāya).Reading is doubtful.(Page 434),8,1
  9391. 345061,en,15,pariyesana,pariyesanā,Pariyesanā,Pariyesanā,(f.) &#38; Pariyesana (nt.) [fr.pariyesati] search,quest,inquiry (a) (<i>°nā</i>) D.II,58,61,280 (twofold,viz.sevitabbā and asevitabbā); III,289; M.I,161 (twofold,viz.ariyā &#38; anariyā); A.II,247 (id.); S.I,143; II,144,171; III,29; IV,8 sq.(assāda° &#38; ādīnava°); A.I,68 (kāma°),93.-- (b) (°na) Nd<sup>1</sup> 262 (°chanda,+paṭilābha° &#38; paribhoga°); DhA.III,256 (kāmaguṇe °ussukka).With paṭiggahaṇa &#38; paribhoga at DhA.I,75.(Page 434),10,1
  9392. 345073,en,15,pariyesati,pariyesati,Pariyesati,Pariyesati,[pari+esati,cp.BSk.paryeṣate to investigate AvŚ I.339.The P.word shows confusion between esati &#38; icchati,as shown by double forms °iṭṭhuṃ etc.See also anvesati] to seek for,look,search,desire D.I,223 (°esamāna ppr.); Sn.482 (id.); S.I,177,181; IV,62; A.II,23,25,247; Nd<sup>1</sup> 262; Nd<sup>2</sup> 427 (+paṭilabhati and paribhuñjati); J.I,3,138; Miln.109,313; DhA.III,263 (ppr.°esanto); PvA.31; Sdhp.506.-- grd.°esitabba S.II,130; inf.°esituṃ SnA 316; and °eṭṭhuṃ (conj.°iṭṭhuṃ?) Sn.289 (cp.SnA 316 which gives reading °eṭṭhuṃ as gloss); ger.°esitvā SnA 317,414; -- pp.<i>pariyesita </i>&<i> pariyiṭṭha</i> (q.v.).Cp.for similar formation &#38; meaning <i>ajjhesati</i> with pp.ajjhesita &#38; ajjhiṭṭha.-- Cp.vi°.(Page 434),10,1
  9393. 345084,en,15,pariyesita,pariyesita,Pariyesita,Pariyesita,[pp.of pariyesati] searched,sought for,desired It.121.See also <i>pariyiṭṭha</i>.(Page 434),10,1
  9394. 345091,en,15,pariyeti,pariyeti,Pariyeti,Pariyeti,[pari+<em>i</em>] to go about,to go round,encircle,encompass; ger.<i>paricca</i> (q.v.).The pp.is represented by <i>pareta</i>,see also pareti which seems to stand for pariyeti.(Page 434),8,1
  9395. 345097,en,15,pariyetthi,pariyeṭṭhi,Pariyeṭṭhi,Pariyeṭṭhi,[pari+eṭṭhi of esati,ā+<em>iṣ</em>] search for D.I,222; A.I,93 (āmisa° &#38; dhamma°); III,416; Sn.289 (vijjācaraṇa°) J.I,14; Nett 1,5; DA.I,271.(Page 434),10,1
  9396. 345104,en,15,pariyittha,pariyiṭṭha,Pariyiṭṭha,Pariyiṭṭha,[pp.of pariyesati] sought,desired,looked for S.IV,62 (a°); Miln.134; Vism.344 (°āhāra).(Page 433),10,1
  9397. 345108,en,15,pariyitthi,pariyiṭṭhi,Pariyiṭṭhi,Pariyiṭṭhi,=pariyeṭṭhi Sn.289 (SnA 316 reads pariyeṭṭhi).Perhaps we should read pariyeṭṭhuṃ (see pariyesati).(Page 433),10,1
  9398. 345114,en,15,pariyodapaka,pariyodāpaka,Pariyodāpaka,Pariyodāpaka,(adj.) [fr.pariyodapeti] cleansing,purifying Vism.149 (ñāṇa).(Page 434),12,1
  9399. 345116,en,15,pariyodapana,pariyodapana,Pariyodapana,Pariyodapana,(nt.) &#38; Pariyodapanā(f.) [fr.pariyodapeti],cleansing,purification A.I,207 (cittassa); Dh.183 (=vodāpana DhA.III,237); Nett 44.In BSk.distorted to <i>paryādapana</i> MVastu III,12 (=Dh.183).(Page 434),12,1
  9400. 345132,en,15,pariyodapeti,pariyodapeti,Pariyodapeti,Pariyodapeti,[pari+odapeti,of Caus.of <em>dā</em><i><sup>4</sup></i> to clean] to cleanse,purify M.I,25; Dh.88 (=vodapeti parisodheti) DhA.II,162; Nett 44; ThA.237 (indriyāni).-- pp.<i>pariyodāta </i>&<i> pariyodapita</i> (q.v.).(Page 434),12,1
  9401. 345138,en,15,pariyodapita,pariyodapita,Pariyodapita,Pariyodapita,[pp.of pariyodapeti] cleansed,purified Nett 44 (cittaṃ).(Page 434),12,1
  9402. 345145,en,15,pariyodata,pariyodāta,Pariyodāta,Pariyodāta,(adj.) [pari+odāta,cp.pariyodapeti] 1.very clean,pure,cleansed,mostly comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>parisuddha</i> (+) D.I,75,76 (+); M.I,26; S.I,198; III,235 (+); V,301; A.III,27 (+); IV,120 sq.; J.V,369 (+; see pariyāpadāna); Pug.60; DA.I,219; DhA.IV,72 (+); VvA.138.-- 2.very clever,accomplished,excellent [cp.BSk.paryavadāta in same meaning at Divy 100] J.III,281 (°sippa); Vism.136 (id.).(Page 434),10,1
  9403. 345153,en,15,pariyodha,pariyodha,Pariyodha,Pariyodha,[pari+yodha] defence A.I,154.(Page 434),9,1
  9404. 345158,en,15,pariyoga,pariyoga,Pariyoga,Pariyoga,[fr.pari+<em>yuj</em>] cauldron (see Kern,Toev.s.v.) Miln.118.(Page 434),8,1
  9405. 345160,en,15,pariyogaha,pariyogāha,Pariyogāha,Pariyogāha,[pari+ogāha] diving into,penetration; only in cpd.<i>dup°</i> hard to penetrate,unfathomable S.IV,376; Miln.70.(Page 434),10,1
  9406. 345164,en,15,pariyogahana,pariyogāhana,Pariyogāhana,Pariyogāhana,(nt.) &#38; Pariyogāhanā (f.) [pari+ogāhana] plunging into,penetration Ps.I,106,112; II,183; Dhs.390 (a°),425 (a°); Pug.21 (a°); DhsA.260.(Page 434),12,1
  9407. 345172,en,15,pariyogahati,pariyogāhati,Pariyogāhati,Pariyogāhati, &#38; Pariyogāheti [pari+ogāhati] to penetrate,fathom,scrutinise A.II,84; IV,13,145 sq.(paññāya); J.I,341; Pug.33 (a°),48 sq.Cp.<i>ajjhogāhati</i>.(Page 434),12,1
  9408. 345185,en,15,pariyogalha,pariyogāḷha,Pariyogāḷha,Pariyogāḷha,[pp.of pariyogāhati,see also ogādha<sup>1</sup>] dived into,penetrated into,immersed in (Loc.) Vin.I,181; D.I,110; M.I,380; S.II,58; IV,328; Vbh.329; Miln.283.<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> one who has penetrated into the Dhamma Vin.I,16; A.IV,186,210; Ud.49.(Page 434),11,1
  9409. 345193,en,15,pariyogaya,pariyogāya,Pariyogāya,Pariyogāya,at M.I,480 is contracted form (ger.) of <i>pariyogāhitvā</i> (so expl<sup>d</sup> by C.).(Page 434),10,1
  9410. 345199,en,15,pariyonaddha,pariyonaddha,Pariyonaddha,Pariyonaddha,[pp.of pariyonandhati,cp.onaddha &#38; BSk.paryavanaddha “overgrown” Divy,120,125] covered over,enveloped D.I,246; III,223 (a°); M.I,25; S.V,263; A.II,211 (uddhasta+); IV,86; J.I,30; Miln.161; SnA 596 (=nivuta); DhA.III,199; PvA.172 (taca°).(Page 434),12,1
  9411. 345205,en,15,pariyonaha,pariyonāha,Pariyonāha,Pariyonāha,[pari+onāha] enveloping,covering D.I,246 (=nīvaraṇa); Dhs.1157 (cp.Dhs.trsl.311); Miln.300.(Page 434),10,1
  9412. 345212,en,15,pariyonandhana,pariyonandhana,Pariyonandhana,Pariyonandhana,(nt.) [fr.above] covering DA.I,135; DhA.III,198.(Page 434),14,1
  9413. 345219,en,15,pariyonandhati,pariyonandhati,Pariyonandhati,Pariyonandhati,[pari+avanandhati] to tie down,put over,envelop,cover up Vin.II,137; S.V,122; J.III,398; DhA.III,153.-- pp.<i>pariyonaddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 434),14,1
  9414. 345229,en,15,pariyosana,pariyosāna,Pariyosāna,Pariyosāna,(nt.) [pari+osāna of ava+<em>sā</em>] 1.end,finish,conclusion J.I,106 (sacca°=desanā°); PvA.9 (desanā° and passim),136 (āyūha°),162 (id.),281 (=anta).Often contracted with <i>ādi</i> beginning &#38; majjha middle (see e.g.SnA 327),esp.in phrase ādi-kalyāṇa majjhe <i>kalyāṇa °kalyāṇa</i> with reference to the Dhamma (expl<sup>d</sup> as “ekagāthā pi hi samanta-bhaddakattā dhammassa paṭhamapadena ādik° dutiyatatiya-padehi majjhe k° pacchima-padena pariyosānak°” etc.at SnA 444),e.g.D.I,62; It.111 &#38; passim.-- 2.end,i.e.perfection,ideal,Arahantship (see on these fig.meanings and its appl<sup>n</sup> to Nibbāna DA.I,175,176) D.I,203 (brahmacariya +); II,283 (cp.Dial.II.316); III,55 (brahmacariya+); S.V,230; A.III,363 (nibbāna°),376 (brahmacariya°); Vism.5.(Page 434),10,1
  9415. 345244,en,15,pariyosapeti,pariyosāpeti,Pariyosāpeti,Pariyosāpeti,[Caus.of pari+ava+<em>sā</em>,Sk.syati,of which pp.pariyosita cp.osāpeti] 1.to make fulfil Vin.III,155; DA.I,241; ThA.159 (for khepeti Th.2,168).- 2.to bring to an end,to finish Vism.244.(Page 435),12,1
  9416. 345255,en,15,pariyosita,pariyosita,Pariyosita,Pariyosita,1.[pp.of pari+ava+<em>sā</em>] finished,concluded,satisfied,D.II,224; M.I,12 (paripuṇṇa+).-- 2.[pp.of pari+ava+<i>śri</i>,cp.ajjhosita] fixed on,bent on Miln.140 (°saṅkappa).(Page 435),10,1
  9417. 345264,en,15,pariyottharati,pariyottharati,Pariyottharati,Pariyottharati,[pari+ottharati] to spread all over (intrs.) Miln.197.(Page 434),14,1
  9418. 345266,en,15,pariyudaharati,pariyudāharati,Pariyudāharati,Pariyudāharati,[pari+udāharati] to utter solemnly,to proclaim aloud DhsA.1 (aor.°āhāsi).(Page 434),14,1
  9419. 345270,en,15,pariyukkhanthati,pariyukkhaṇṭhati,Pariyukkhaṇṭhati,Pariyukkhaṇṭhati,[pari+ukkaṇṭhati] to have great longing,to be distressed J.V,417,421 (mā °kaṇṭhi).(Page 433),16,1
  9420. 345275,en,15,pariyutthana,pariyuṭṭhāna,Pariyuṭṭhāna,Pariyuṭṭhāna,(nt.) [pari+uṭṭhāna,it is doubtful whether this connection is correct,in this case the meaning would be “over-exertion.” BSk.paryavasthāna points to another connection,see Divy 185] state of being possessed (or hindered) by (-°),prepossession,bias,outburst M.I,18,Kvu XIV.6 (thīnamiddha°),136; A.I,66 (°ajjhosāna); V,198 (adhiṭṭhāna-°samuṭṭhāna); Nd<sup>2</sup> under taṇhā<SUP>II</SUP> (=Dhs.1059,where trsl<sup>n</sup> is “pervading,” based on expl<sup>n</sup> at DhsA.366:uppajjamānā [scil.taṇhā] cittaṃ pariyuṭṭhāti,and allegorical interpretation ibid.:the heart becomes possessed by lust as a road by highwaymen); Pug.21 (avijjā°); Vbh.383 (where 7 pariyuṭṭhānā [sic! pl.m.] are enum<sup>d</sup> in the same set as under headings of <i>anusaya </i>&<i> saṃyojana</i>,thus placing p.into the same category as these two); Dhs.390,1061 (avijjā°),1162 (id.); Nett 13,14,18,37,79 sq.; DhsA.238; ThA.80; Vism.5 (with vītikkama &#38; anusaya).Cp.also <i>adhiṭṭhāna</i>.(Page 433),12,1
  9421. 345282,en,15,pariyutthati,pariyuṭṭhati,Pariyuṭṭhati,Pariyuṭṭhati,[pari+uṭṭhāti] to arise,pervade; intrs.to become prepossessed,to be pervaded DhsA.366 (cittaṃ p.; corā magge pariyuṭṭhiṃsu).-- pp.<i>pariyuṭṭhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 433),12,1
  9422. 345292,en,15,pariyutthita,pariyuṭṭhita,Pariyuṭṭhita,Pariyuṭṭhita,[pari+uṭṭhita,with v.l.at D.II,104 parivuṭṭhita and BSk.rendering paryavasthita:see remarks on pariyuṭṭhāna and Dial.II.111] possessed by (the C.expl<sup>n</sup> as given K.S.320 is “abhibhūta”),biassed,taken up by,full of (-°) M.I,18; III,14; S.IV,240 (maccheramala° ceto); A.I,281; II,58; It.43 (diṭṭhigatehi); Kvu I.91 (kāma-rāga°); ThA.78; Sdhp.581.<br><br> <i>--citta</i> whose heart is possessed by (-°) D.II,104 (Mārena); PvA.142 (maccheramala°),195 (id.),279 (kilesasamudācārena).<i>--ṭṭhāyin</i> being rooted in prepossession,affected by bias,S.III,3 sq.(so read for pariyuṭṭhaṭṭhāyin? ).(Page 434),12,1
  9423. 345301,en,15,paro,paro,Paro,Paro,(adv.) [cp.Vedic paras; to para] beyond,further,above,more than,upwards of; only °-in connection with numerals (cp.Vedic use of paras with Acc.of numerals),e.g.<i>paropaññāsa</i> more than 50 D.II,93; <i>parosataṃ</i> more than 100 J.V,203,497; <i>parosahassaṃ</i> over 1,000 D.II,16; S.I,192=Th.1,1238; Sn.p.106 (=atireka-sahassaṃ SnA 450).See also <i>parakkaroti</i>.(Page 439),4,1
  9424. 345311,en,15,parodati,parodati,Parodati,Parodati,[pa+<em>rud</em>] to cry out (for) J.I,166; PvA.16,257.(Page 439),8,1
  9425. 345323,en,15,paroha,pāroha,Pāroha,Pāroha,[fr.pra+<em>ruh</em>,cp.Sk.*prāroha] 1.a small (side) branch,new twig (of a Nigrodha tree) J.V,8,38,472; VI,199; SnA 304; PvA.113.-- 2.a shoot,sprout (from the root of a tree,tillering) S.I,69 (see C.expln at K.S.320); J.VI,15; DhA.II,70; VbhA.475; 476.(Page 455),6,1
  9426. 345332,en,15,parokkha,parokkha,Parokkha,Parokkha,(adj.) [paro+akkha=Vedic parokṣa (paraḥ+ akṣa)] beyond the eye,out of sight,invisible,imperceptible,Miln.291.-- Abl.<i>parokkhā</i> (adv.) behind one’s back,in the absence of J.III,89 (parammukhā C.; opp.sammukhā).(Page 439),8,1
  9427. 345346,en,15,paropariya,paropariya,Paropariya,Paropariya,(°ñāṇa) see under indriya°.The form is paro +pariya,<i>paro</i> heŕe taking the place of <i>para</i>.Yet it would be more reasonable to explain the word as para+ apara (upara?)+ya,i.e.that which belongs to this world &#38; the beyond,or everything that comes within the range of the faculties.Cp.<i>parovara</i>.(Page 439),10,1
  9428. 345360,en,15,parovara,parovara,Parovara,Parovara,(adj.-n.) [para+avara,sometimes through substitution of <i>apa</i> for <i>ava</i> also <i>paropara</i>.We should expect a form *parora as result of contraction:see Nd<sup>2</sup> p.13] high &#38; low,far &#38; near; pl.in sense of “all kinds” (cp.uccâvaca).The word is found only in the Sutta Nipāta,viz.Sn.353 (v.l.BB varāvaraṃ,varovaraṃ; expl<sup>d</sup> as “lokuttara-lokiya-vasena sundar’âsundaraṃ dūre-santikaṃ vā” SnA 350),475 (°ā dhammā; v.l.BB paroparā; expl<sup>d</sup> as “parâvarā sundar’âsundarā,parā vā bāhirā aparā ajjhattikā” SnA 410),704 (kāme parovare; v.l.BB paropare; expl<sup>d</sup> as sundare ca asundare ca pañca kāmaguṇe” SnA 493),1048 (reading paroparāni Nd<sup>2</sup>; see expl<sup>n</sup> Nd<sup>2</sup> 422<sup>b</sup>; expl<sup>d</sup> as “parāni ca orāni ca,par’attabhāva-sak’attabhāv’ādīni parāni ca orāni ca” SnA 590),1148 (paroparaṃ Nd<sup>2</sup>; see Nd<sup>2</sup> 422<sup>a</sup>; expl<sup>d</sup> as “hīna-ppaṇītaṃ” SnA 607).-- Note.Already in RV.we find <i>para</i> contrasted with <i>avara</i> or <i>upara;</i> para denoting the farther,higher or heavenly sphere,avara or upara the lower or earthly sphere:see e.g.RV.I.128,3; I,164,12.-- On paropara see further Wackernagel,Altind.Gr.II.121 d.(Page 439),8,1
  9429. 345373,en,15,parulha,parūḷha,Parūḷha,Parūḷha,(adj.) [pp.of pa+<em>ruh</em>,cp.BSk.prarūḍha (-śmaśru) Jtm 210] grown,grown long,mostly in phrase <i>°kaccha-nakha-loma</i> having long nails, &#38; long hair in the armpit,e.g.at S.I,78; Ud.65; J.IV,362,371; VI,488; Miln.163 (so read for p.-kaccha-loma); Sdhp.104.‹-› Kern,Toev.II.139 s.v.points out awkwardness of this phrase and suspects a distortion of kaccha either from <i>kesa</i> or <i>kaca</i>,i.e.with long hairs (of the head),nails &#38; other hair.-- Further in foll.phrases:mukhaṃ p.bearded face J.IV,387; °kesa-nakha-loma J.I,303; °kesa-massu with hair &#38; beard grown long J.IV,159; °kaccha with long grass J.VI,100; °massu-dāṭhika having grown a beard and tooth DA.I,263.(Page 439),7,1
  9430. 345383,en,15,parupa°,parūpa°,Parūpa°,Parūpa°,as para+upa° (in parūpakkama,parūpaghāta etc.) see under <i>para</i>.(Page 439),7,1
  9431. 345400,en,15,parupana,pārupana,Pārupana,Pārupana,(nt.) [fr.pārupati] covering,clothing; dress J.I,126,378; III,82; Miln.279; DhA.I,70,164; PvA.74,76.(Page 455),8,1
  9432. 345414,en,15,parupati,pārupati,Pārupati,Pārupati,[metathesis fr.pāpurati=Sk.prāvṛṇoti,pra+ vṛ; see also pāpurati etc.] to cover,dress,hide,veil D.I,246; Vin.IV,283; M.III,94; S.II,281; J.II,24,109; Pv.II,112 (=nivāseti PvA.147); Mhvs 22,67; Vism.18; DhA.III,325; VvA.44,127; PvA.73,74,77.-- pp.pāruta (q.v.).(Page 455),8,1
  9433. 345434,en,15,paruta,pāruta,Pāruta,Pāruta,[pp.of pārupati] covered,dressed S.I,167,175; Th.1,153; J.I,59,347; SnA 401; PvA.48,161.--duppāruta not properly dressed (without the upper robe) Vin.I,44; II,212; S.II,231,271.See also abhipāruta.Note.The form apāruta is apparently only a neg.pāruta,in reality it is apa+ā+vṛta.(Page 455),6,1
  9434. 345446,en,15,pasa,pāsa,Pāsa,Pāsa,<sup>3</sup> (a stone?) at PvA.63 (pās’antare) is probably a misreading and to be corrected to palāsa (palās’antare,similarly to rukkh’antare,kaṭṭh’-- and mūl’antare),foliage.(Page 456),4,1
  9435. 345447,en,15,pasa,pāsa,Pāsa,Pāsa,<sup>2</sup> [Class.Sk.prāsa fr.pra+<em>as</em>] a spear,a throw Sn.303; A.IV,171 (kuṭhāri° throw of an axe).--asi° a class of deities Miln.191.(Page 456),4,1
  9436. 345448,en,15,pasa,pāsa,Pāsa,Pāsa,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic pāśa] a sling,snare,tie,fetter S.I,105,111; A.II,182; IV,197; Vin.IV,153 (? hattha°); Sn.166; It.36 (Māra°); J.III,184; IV,414; PvA.206.On its frequent use in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,111.(Page 456),4,1
  9437. 345466,en,15,pasada,pasāda,Pasāda,Pasāda,[fr.pa+<em>sad</em>,cp.Vedic prasāda] 1.clearness,brightness,purity; referring to the colours (“visibility”) of the eye J.I,319 (akkhīni maṇiguḷa-sadisāni paññāyamāna pañca-ppasādāni ahesuṃ); SnA 453 (pasanna-netto i.e.pañca-vaṇṇa-ppasāda-sampattiyā).In this sense also,in Abhidhamma,with ref.to the eye in function of “sentient organ,sense agency” sensitive surface (so Mrs Rh.D.in Dhs.tsrl.174) at DhsA.306,307.-- 2.joy,satisfaction,happy or good mind,virtue,faith M.I,64 (Satthari); S.I,202; A.I,98,222 (Buddhe etc.); II,84; III,270 (puggala°); IV,346; SnA 155,PvA.5,35.-- 3.repose,composure,allayment,serenity Nett 28,50; Vism.107,135; ThA.258.-- Note.<i>pasāda</i> at Th.2,411 is to be read <i>pāsaka</i> (see J.P.T.S.1893 pp.45,46).Cp.<i>abhi°</i>.(Page 446),6,1
  9438. 345473,en,15,pasada,pāsāda,Pāsāda,Pāsāda,[pa+ā+<em>sad</em>,cp.Class.Sk.prāsāda] a lofty platform,a building on high foundations,a terrace,palace Vin.I,58,96,107,239; II,128,146,236 (cp.Vin.Texts I.174; III,178); D.II,21; S.I,137; A.I,64; Sn.409; It.33; Pv.II,125; J.II,447; IV,153 (pillars); V,217; Vism.339 (°tala); DhsA.107; SnA 502; ThA.253,286; VvA.197; PvA.23,75,279 (cp.upari°); Sdhp.299.--satta-bhū- maka° a tower with 7 platforms J.I,227,346; IV,323,378; V,426,577.The Buddha’s 3 castles at D.II,21; A.I,145; J.VI,289.See also J.P.T.S.1907,112 (p.in similes).(Page 456),6,1
  9439. 345491,en,15,pasadaka,pasādaka,Pasādaka,Pasādaka,(adj.) [fr.pasāda] 1.making bright Miln.35 (udaka° maṇi).-- 2.worthy,good,pious PvA.129 (a°).Cp.<i>pāsādika</i>.(Page 446),8,1
  9440. 345500,en,15,pasadana,pasādana,Pasādana,Pasādana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>sad</em>] 1.happy state,reconciliation,purity PvA.132.-- 2.granting graces,gratification DhA.III,3 (brahmaṇo mama p.°ṭṭhāne pasīdati he is gracious instead of me giving graces).-- Cp.sam°.(Page 446),8,1
  9441. 345508,en,15,pasadaniya,pasādaniya,Pasādaniya,Pasādaniya,(adj.) [fr.pasāda] inspiring confidence,giving faith S.V,156; Pug.49,50; VbhA.282 (°suttanta); Sdhp.543; the 10 pāsādaniyā dhammā at M.III,11 sq.Cp.sam°.(Page 446),10,1
  9442. 345540,en,15,pasadeti,pasādeti,Pasādeti,Pasādeti,[Caus.of pa+<em>sad</em>,see pasīdati] to render calm,appease,make peaceful,reconcile,gladden,incline one’s heart (cittaṃ) towards (Loc.) D.I,110,139; S.I,149; A.V,71; Pv.II,9<sup>42</sup> (cittaṃ); Miln.210; PvA.50,123 (khamāpento p.).-- Cp.vi°.(Page 446),8,1
  9443. 345551,en,15,pasadhana,pasādhana,Pasādhana,Pasādhana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>sādh</em>; cp.Class.Sk.prasādhana in same meaning] ornament,decoration,parure J.II,186 (rañño sīsa °kappaka King’s headdress-maker i.e.barber); III,437; IV,3 (ura-cchada°); DhA.I,227 (°peḷikā),342 (°kappaka),393; ThA.267; VvA.165,187; PvA.155.(Page 446),9,1
  9444. 345566,en,15,pasadheti,pasādheti,Pasādheti,Pasādheti,[Caus.of pa+<em>sādh</em>] to adorn,decorate,array Mhvs VII.38; DhA.I,398.-- pp.<i>pasādhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 446),9,1
  9445. 345573,en,15,pasadhita,pasādhita,Pasādhita,Pasādhita,[pp.of pasādheti] adorned,arrayed with ornaments,embellished,dressed up J.I,489 (maṇḍita°); II,48 (id.); IV,219 (id.); V,510 (nahāta°).(Page 446),9,1
  9446. 345582,en,15,pasadika,pāsādika,Pāsādika,Pāsādika,(adj.) [fr.pasāda] 1.pleasing,pleasant,lovely,amiable Vin.IV,18; D.III,141; S.I,95; II,279; A.II,104 sq.,203; III,255 sq.; DhA.I,119; ThA.266,281; DA.I,141,281; VvA.6; PvA.46,186,187,261.--samanta° lovely throughout A.I,24; V,11.-- 2.comfortable Vism.105.(Page 456),8,1
  9447. 345592,en,15,pasadiya,pasādiyā,Pasādiyā,Pasādiyā,at J.VI,530 is doubtful; it is expl<sup>d</sup> in C.together with <i>saṃsādiyā</i> (a certain kind of rice:sūkara-sāli),yet the C.seems to take it as “bhūmiyaṃ patita”; v.l.pasāriya.Kern,Toev.s.v.takes it as rice plant &#38; compares Sk.<i>*prasātikā</i>.(Page 446),8,1
  9448. 345599,en,15,pasaha,pasaha,Pasaha,Pasaha,[fr.pa+<em>sah</em>] overcoming,mastering,in <i>dup°</i> (adj.) hard to overcome J.II,219; Miln.21.(Page 446),6,1
  9449. 345611,en,15,pasahati,pasahati,Pasahati,Pasahati,[pa+<em>sah</em>] to use force,subdue,oppress,overcome M.II,99; Sn.443; Dh.7,128; DhA.III,46; J.IV,126,494; V,27.-- ger.<i>pasayha</i> using force,forcibly,by force D.II,74 (okkassa+); A.IV,16 (id.); S.I,143; Sn.72; J.I,143; Pv.II,9<sup>2</sup>; II,9<sup>10</sup>; (read appasayha for suppasayha); Miln.210 (okassa+; for okkassa?).Also in cpd.<i>pasayha-kārin</i> using force J.IV,309; V,425.(Page 446),8,1
  9450. 345622,en,15,pasajati,pasajati,Pasajati,Pasajati,[pa+<em>sṛj</em>] to let loose,produce; to be attached to Sn.390 (=allīyati SnA 375).(Page 445),8,1
  9451. 345630,en,15,pasaka,pāsaka,Pāsaka,Pāsaka,<sup>3</sup> lintel Vin.II,120=148 (see Vin.Texts III,144).(Page 456),6,1
  9452. 345631,en,15,pasaka,pāsaka,Pāsaka,Pāsaka,<sup>2</sup> [fr.pāsa2] a throw,a die J.VI,281.(Page 456),6,1
  9453. 345632,en,15,pasaka,pāsaka,Pāsaka,Pāsaka,<sup>1</sup> [fr.pāsa1] a bow,for the dress Vin.II,136; for the hair Th.2,411 (if Morris,J.P.T.S.1893,45,46,is right to be corr.fr.pasāda).(Page 456),6,1
  9454. 345645,en,15,pasakha,pasākha,Pasākha,Pasākha,(m. &#38; nt.) [pa+sākhā; Epic Sk.praśākhā branch] 1.a smaller branch J.VI,324 (<i>sākha°</i>).-- 2.branch-like wood,i.e.hard wood Th.1,72.-- 3.the body where it branches off from the trunk,i.e.abdomen &#38; thighs; the lower part of the body Vin.IV,316 (=adho-nābhi ubbha-jānu-maṇḍalaṃ C.).Cp.Suśruta II.31,10.‹-› 4.the extremities (being the 5<sup>th</sup> stage in the formation of the embryo) S.I,206.(Page 446),7,1
  9455. 345656,en,15,pasakkati,pasakkati,Pasakkati,Pasakkati,[pa+sakkati] to go forth or out to; ger.pasakkiya S.I,199=Th.1,119; Th.1,125.(Page 445),9,1
  9456. 345658,en,15,pasakkhita,pasakkhita,Pasakkhita,Pasakkhita,at J.IV,365 is doubtful; perhaps we should read pasakkita (pp.of pasakkati); the C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “lying down” (nipanna acchati,p.367); Kern,Toev.s.v.proposes change to pamakkhita on ground of vv.ll.vamakkhita &#38; malakita.(Page 445),10,1
  9457. 345665,en,15,pasammati,pasammati,Pasammati,Pasammati,[pa+<em>śam</em>] to become allayed,to cease,to fade away Th.1,702.(Page 446),9,1
  9458. 345672,en,15,pasamsa,pasaṃsā,Pasaṃsā,Pasaṃsā,(f.) [fr.pa+<em>śaṃs</em>; cp.Vedic praśaṃsā] praise,applause D.III,260; S.I,202; Th.1,609; Sn.213,826,895; Miln.377; SnA 155.In composition the form is pasaṃsa°,e.g.°āvahana bringing applause Sn.256; °kāma desirous of praise Sn.825,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 163; °lābha gain of praise Sn.828.As adj.pasaṃsa “laudable,praiseworthy” it is better taken as grd.of pasaṃsati (=pasaṃsiya); thus at Pv IV.7<sup>13</sup> (pāsaṃsa Minayeff); PvA.8,89 (=anindita).(Page 445),7,1
  9459. 345677,en,15,pasamsa,pāsaṃsa,Pāsaṃsa,Pāsaṃsa,(adj.) [grd.fr.pasaṃsati with pā for pa as in similar formations (see pāmokkha)] to be praised; praiseworthy M.I,15,404; II,227 (dasa °ṭṭhānāni); A.V,129 (id.); J.III,493; Pv IV.713; Nett 52.(Page 456),7,1
  9460. 345685,en,15,pasamsaka,pasaṃsaka,Pasaṃsaka,Pasaṃsaka,[fr.pasaṃsati] flatterer M.I,327; J.II,439; Sdhp.565.(Page 445),9,1
  9461. 345691,en,15,pasamsana,pasaṃsana,Pasaṃsana,Pasaṃsana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em> śaṃs</em>] praising,commendation Pug.53; Sdhp.213; PvA.30.(Page 445),9,1
  9462. 345703,en,15,pasamsati,pasaṃsati,Pasaṃsati,Pasaṃsati,[pa+<em>saṃs</em>] to speak out,praise,commend,agree D.I,163; S.I,102,149,161; J.I,143; II,439; V,331; It.16; Sn.47,163,390,658,906; Dh.30; Pv.II,9<sup>42</sup>; DA.I,149; PvA.25,131 (=vaṇṇeti).-- pp.<i>pasattha &#38; pasaṃsita</i> (q.v.).Cp.paṭipasaṃsita.(Page 445),9,1
  9463. 345714,en,15,pasamsita,pasaṃsita,Pasaṃsita,Pasaṃsita,[pp.of pasaṃsati,cp.pasattha] praised S.I,232; Sn.829,928; Dh.228,230; Nd<sup>1</sup> 169; PvA.116 (=vaṇṇita) 130.(Page 445),9,1
  9464. 345725,en,15,pasamsiya,pasaṃsiya,Pasaṃsiya,Pasaṃsiya,(adj.) [grd.of pasaṃsati,cp.Vedic praśaṃsia] laudable,praiseworthy S.I,149; III,83; A.II,19; Sn.658; J.I,202; Sdhp.563.Cp.pasaṃsā.(Page 445),9,1
  9465. 345736,en,15,pasana,pāsāṇa,Pāsāṇa,Pāsāṇa,[Epic Sk.pāṣāṇa] a rock,stone A.I,283; Sn.447; J.I,109,199; V,295; Vism.28,182,183; VbhA.64 (its size as cpd with pabbata); DhA.III,151; DhsA.389; VvA.157; Sdhp.328. --<i>guḷa </i>a ball of (soft) stone,used for washing (pumice stone?) A.II,200 (sāla-laṭṭhiṃ ...taccheyya ...likheyya ...pāsāṇaguḷena dhopeyya ...nadiṃ patāreyya),cp.M.I,233; and Vism.28 “bhājane ṭhapitaṃ guḷapiṇḍaṃ viya pāsāṇaṃ.” --<i>cetiya</i> a stone Caitya DhA.III,253.--<i>tala</i> a natural plateau J.I,207.--<i>piṭṭhe</i> at the back of a rock Vism.116.--<i>pokkharaṇī</i> a natural tank Vism.119.--<i>phalaka</i> a slab of stone J.IV,328.--<i>macchaka </i>a kind of fish (stone-fish) J.IV,70; VI,450.--<i>lekha </i>writing on a stone Pug.32.--<i>sakkharā</i> a little stone,fragment of rock S.II,137; A.IV,237.--<i>sevāla</i> stone Vallisneria J.V,462.--<i>vassa</i> rain of stones SnA 224.(Page 456),6,1
  9466. 345754,en,15,pasanaka,pāsāṇaka,Pāsāṇaka,Pāsāṇaka,=<i>pāsāṇa</i> Vin.II,211.(Page 456),8,1
  9467. 345790,en,15,pasanda,pāsaṇḍa,Pāsaṇḍa,Pāsaṇḍa,[cp.late Sk.pāṣaṇḍa] heresy,sect S.I,133,A.II,466; Th.2,183 Miln.359; ThA.164.--°ika heretic,sectarian Vin.IV,74.(Page 456),7,1
  9468. 345804,en,15,pasanga,pasaṅga,Pasaṅga,Pasaṅga,[fr.pa+<em>sanj</em>.Class Sk.prasaṅga in both meanings] 1.hanging on,inclination,attachment to KhA 18; PvA.130.-- 2.occasion,event; Loc.pasaṅge at the occasion of (--°),instead of KhA 213 (karaṇavacana°,where PvA.30 in id.p.reads karaṇ’atthe).(Page 445),7,1
  9469. 345815,en,15,pasankamati,pasaṅkamati,Pasaṅkamati,Pasaṅkamati,[pa+saṃ+<em>kram</em>] to go out or forth to (Acc.) Sdhp.277.-- pp.pasaṅkanta.(Page 445),11,1
  9470. 345817,en,15,pasankanta,pasaṅkanta,Pasaṅkanta,Pasaṅkanta,[pp.of pa+saṅkamati,of <em>kram</em>] gone out to,gone forth PvA.22.(Page 445),10,1
  9471. 345824,en,15,pasanna,pasanna,Pasanna,Pasanna,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of pa+<em>syad</em>] flowing out,streaming,issuing forth; in <i>assu-pasannaṃ</i> shedding of tears S.II,179.(Page 446),7,1
  9472. 345825,en,15,pasanna,pasanna,Pasanna,Pasanna,<sup>1</sup> (adj) [pp.of pasīdati] 1.clear,bright Sn.550 (°netta); KhA 64 &#38; 65 (°tilatelavaṇṇa,where Vism.262 reads vippasanna°); Vism.409 (id.).-- 2.happy,gladdened,reconciled,pleased J.I,151,307; Vism.129 (muddha°).-- 3.pleased in one’s conscience,reconciled,believing,trusting in (Loc.),pious,good,virtuous A.III,35 (Satthari,dhamme Saṅghe); S.I,34 (Buddhe); V,374; Vv 5<sup>9</sup>; Sn.698; Dh.368 (Buddha-sāsane); J.II,111; DhA.I,60 (Satthari).Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>saddha</i> (having faith) Vin.II,190; PvA.20,42 (a°),and in cpd.<i>°citta</i> devotion in one’s heart Vin.I,16; A VI,209; Sn.316,403,690; Pv.II,1<sup>6</sup>; SnA 490; PvA.129; or <i>°mānasa</i> Sn.402; VvA.39; PvA.67; cp.<i>pasannena manasā</i> S.I,206; Dh.2.See also <i>abhippasanna </i>&<i> vippasanna</i>.(Page 446),7,1
  9473. 345831,en,15,pasanna,pasannā,Pasannā,Pasannā,(f.) [late Sk.prasannā] a kind of spirituous liquor (made from rice) J.I,360.(Page 446),7,1
  9474. 345855,en,15,pasarana,pasaraṇa,Pasaraṇa,Pasaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>sṛ</em>] stretching,spreading,being stretched out PvA.219 (piṭṭhi°).See also <i>pasāraṇa</i>.(Page 446),8,1
  9475. 345860,en,15,pasarana,pasāraṇa,Pasāraṇa,Pasāraṇa,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>sṛ</em>,cp.pasaraṇa] stretching out DA.I,196 (opp.sammiñjana); DhA.I,298 (hattha°).(Page 446),8,1
  9476. 345874,en,15,pasareti,pasāreti,Pasāreti,Pasāreti,[Caus.of pa+<em>sṛ</em>] 1.to cause to move forwards,to let or make go,to give up J.VI,58 (pasāraya,imper.).-- Pass.<i>pasāriyati</i> Vism.318; PvA.240 (are turned out of doors).-- 2.to stretch out,hold out or forth,usually with ref.to either arm (bāhuṃ,bāhaṃ,bāhā) S.I,137 (opp.<i>sammiñjeti</i>); DA.I,196; PvA.112,121; or hand (hatthaṃ) J.V,41; VI,282; PvA.113; or feet (pāde,pādaṃ) Th.2,44,49,cp.ThA.52; DhsA.324 (=sandhiyo paṭippanāmeti).-- 3.to lay out,put forth,offer for sale Vin.II,291; DhA.II,89.-- pp.<i>pasārita</i> (q.v.),Cp.abhi° (Page 446),8,1
  9477. 345885,en,15,pasarita,pasārita,Pasārita,Pasārita,[pp.of pasāreti] 1.stretched out,usually in contrast with <i>sammiñjita</i>,e.g.at D.I,222; Vin.I,230; M.III,35,90; S.I,137; Vism.19; VvA.6.-- 2.put forth,laid out,offered for sale Miln.I,336.(Page 446),8,1
  9478. 345894,en,15,pasasana,pasāsana,Pasāsana,Pasāsana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>śās</em>] teaching,instruction J.III,367.(Page 447),8,1
  9479. 345900,en,15,pasasati,pasāsati,Pasāsati,Pasāsati,[pa+<em>śās</em>] 1.to teach,instruct S.I,38; J.III,367,443.-- 2.to rule,reign,govern D.II,257; Cp.III,14<sup>1</sup>; PvA.287.(Page 446),8,1
  9480. 345912,en,15,pasata,pasaṭa,Pasaṭa,Pasaṭa,[pp.of pa+<em>sṛ</em>] let out,produced D.III,167; SnA 109 (conj.for pasava in expl<sup>n</sup> of pasuta).(Page 445),6,1
  9481. 345920,en,15,pasata,pasata,Pasata,Pasata,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [etym.? Late Sk.pṛṣat or pṛṣad a drop; cp.phusita<sup>1</sup> rain-drop=pṛṣata; BR.under pṛṣant= pasata<sup>1</sup>,but probably dialectical &#38; Non-Aryan] a small measure of capacity,a handful (seems to be applied to water only) J.I,101 (°mattaṃ udakaṃ); IV,201 (udaka°); V,382 (°mattaṃ pānīyaṃ).Often redupl.<i>pasataṃ pasataṃ</i> “by handfuls” M.I,245,J.V,164.At DA.I,298 it is closely connected with <i>sarāva</i> (cup),as denoting the amount of a small gift.(Page 446),6,1
  9482. 345921,en,15,pasata,pasata,Pasata,Pasata,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Vedic pṛṣant,f.pṛṣatī] spotted,only in cpd.°miga spotted antelope J.V,418 (v.l.pasada°).The more freq.P.form is pasada°,e.g.S.II,279 (gloss pasata°); J.V,24,416; VI,537; SnA 82.(Page 445),6,1
  9483. 345927,en,15,pasati,pāsati,Pāsati,Pāsati,(?) only in “sammaṃ pāsanti” at SnA 321 as expln of sammāpāsa (q.v.).(Page 456),6,1
  9484. 345937,en,15,pasattha,pasattha,Pasattha,Pasattha,(&<i> </i>Pasaṭṭha) [pp.of pasaṃsati] praised,extolled,commended S.I,169; J.III,234; Vv 44<sup>21</sup>; Miln.212,361.As <i>pasaṭṭha</i> at Pv.II,9<sup>73</sup> (so to be read for paseṭṭha); IV,1<sup>52</sup> (=vaṇṇita PvA.241); DhsA.124. <i>Pasada</i>.See <i>pasata<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 446),8,1
  9485. 345948,en,15,pasava,pasava,Pasava,Pasava,[fr.pa+<em>su</em>] bringing forth,offspring S.I,69.(Page 446),6,1
  9486. 345953,en,15,pasavana,pasavana,Pasavana,Pasavana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>su</em>] 1.giving birth PvA.35.‹-› 2.producing,generating,effecting PvA.31 (puñña°).(Page 446),8,1
  9487. 345963,en,15,pasavati,pasavati,Pasavati,Pasavati,[pa+<em>su</em>] to bring forth,give birth to,beget,produce; mostly fig.in comb<sup>n</sup> with the foll.nouns:<i>kibbisaṃ</i> to commit sin Vin.II,204; A.V,75; <i>pāpaṃ</i> id.Pv IV.1<sup>50</sup>; <i>puññaṃ</i> to produce merit S.I,182,213; A.V,76; PvA.121; opp.<i>apuññaṃ</i> Vin.II,26; S.I,114; <i>veraṃ</i> to beget hatred S.II,68; Dh.201.-- Caus.<i>pasaveti</i> in same meaning J.VI,106 (pāpaṃ) -- pp.<i>pasūta</i> (q.v.).(Page 446),8,1
  9488. 345973,en,15,pasavin,pāsāvin,Pāsāvin,Pāsāvin,(adj.) [fr.pasavati] bringing forth S.V,170; J.I,394.(Page 456),7,1
  9489. 345987,en,15,pasayha,pasayha,Pasayha,Pasayha,is ger.of <i>pasahati</i> (q.v.).(Page 446),7,1
  9490. 346000,en,15,pasettha,paseṭṭha,Paseṭṭha,Paseṭṭha,at Pv.II,9<sup>73</sup> is to be read pasaṭṭha (see pasattha).(Page 447),8,1
  9491. 346007,en,15,pasibbaka,pasibbaka,Pasibbaka,Pasibbaka,(m.nt.) [fr.pa+<em>siv</em>,late Sk.prasevaka› P.pasebbaka›pasibbaka,cp.Geiger.P.Gr.15<sup>1</sup>] a sack,Vin.III,17; J.I,112,351; II,88,154; III,10,116,343 (camma° leather bag); IV,52,361; V,46 (pūpa°),483; VI,432 (spelling pasippaka); DA.I,41; DhA.IV,205.(Page 447),9,1
  9492. 346011,en,15,pasibbita,pasibbita,Pasibbita,Pasibbita,[pp.of pa+<em>siv</em>] sewn up,enveloped by (-°) Th.1,1150 (maṃsa-nahāru°).(Page 447),9,1
  9493. 346016,en,15,pasidana,pasīdana,Pasīdana,Pasīdana,(nt.) [fr.pasīdati] calming,happiness,purification Ps.II,121 (SS passādana).(Page 447),8,1
  9494. 346026,en,15,pasidati,pasīdati,Pasīdati,Pasīdati,[pa+<em>sad</em>] 1.to become bright,to brighten up PvA.132 (mukha-vaṇṇo p.).-- 2.to be purified,reconciled or pleased; to be clear &#38; calm,to become of peaceful heart (<i>mano</i> or <i>cittaṃ p</i>.); to find one’s satisfaction in (Loc.),to have faith D.II,202; S.I,98; II,199 (sutvā dhammaṃ p.); A.III,248; Sn.356,434,563; Nd<sup>2</sup> 426 (=saddahati,adhimuccati okappeti); Vv 50<sup>14</sup> (mano me pasīdi,aor.); Vism.129; Miln.9; DhA.III,3 (=he is gracious,i.e.good); VvA.6 (better v.l.passitvā); PvA.141.-- pp.<i>pasanna</i> (q.v.).See also <i>pasādeti </i>&<i> vippasīdati</i>.(Page 447),8,1
  9495. 346055,en,15,pasodheti,pasodheti,Pasodheti,Pasodheti,[pa+Caus.of <em>śudh</em>] to cleanse,clean,purity D.I,71 (cittaṃ).(Page 447),9,1
  9496. 346063,en,15,passa,passa,Passa,Passa,<sup>2</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [Vedic pārśva to parśu &#38; pṛṣṭi rib,perhaps also connected with pārṣṇi side of leg,see under paṇhi] 1.side,flank M.I,102; III,3; A.V,18; Sn.422; J.I,264; III,26.Pleonastic in piṭṭhi° (cp.E.backside) the back,Loc.behind J.I,292; PvA.55.-- 2.(mountain-) slope,in <i>Himavanta°</i> J.I,218; V,396 (Loc.pasmani=passe C.).(Page 447),5,1
  9497. 346064,en,15,passa,passa,Passa,Passa,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.paśya,fr.passati] seeing,one who sees Th.1,61 (see Morris,in J.P.T.S.1885,48).(Page 447),5,1
  9498. 346074,en,15,passaddha,passaddha,Passaddha,Passaddha,[pp.of passambhati,cp.BSk.praśrabdha Divy 48] calmed down,allayed,quieted,composed,aṭ ease.Almost exclusively with ref.to the body (kāya),e.g.at Vin.I,294; D.III,241,288; M.I,37; III,86; S I 126; IV,125; A.I,148; V,30; Vism.134; VbhA.283 (°kāyapuggala).-- In lit.appl<sup>n</sup> <i>°ratha</i> when the car had slowed down J.III,239.See also paṭi°.(Page 447),9,1
  9499. 346080,en,15,passaddhata,passaddhatā,Passaddhatā,Passaddhatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.passaddha] calmness,repose Nd<sup>2</sup> 166.(Page 447),11,1
  9500. 346089,en,15,passaddhi,passaddhi,Passaddhi,Passaddhi,(f.) [fr.pa+<em>śrambh</em>] calmness,tranquillity,repose,serenity M.III,86; S.II,30; IV,78; V,66; A.IV,455 sq.; Ps.II,244; Dhs.40 (kāya°),41 (citta°),cp.Dhs.trsl.23; Vism.129; VbhA.314 (kāya°,citta°); DhsA.150 (=samassāsa-ppatta).Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>pāmujja </i>&<i> pīti</i>,e.g.D.I,72,73,196; Nett 29,66.Six passaddhis at S.IV,217 (with ref.to vācā,vitakka-vicārā,pīti,assāsa-passāsā,saññā-vedanā,rāga-dosa-moha,through the 4 jhānas etc.).Passaddhi is one of the 7 <i>sambojjhaṅgas</i> (constituents of enlightenment):see this &#38; cp.M.III,86; Vism.130,134=VbhA.282 (where 7 conditions of this state are enum<sup>d</sup>).(Page 447),9,1
  9501. 346104,en,15,passambhana,passambhanā,Passambhanā,Passambhanā,(f.) [fr.passambhati] allayment,calmness,composure Dhs.40,41,320.(Page 447),11,1
  9502. 346113,en,15,passambhati,passambhati,Passambhati,Passambhati,[Caus.of passambhati] to calm down,quiet,allay M.I,56,425; S.III,125; Vism.288 (=nirodheti).ppr.<i>passambhayaṃ</i> M.I,56; III,82,89.(Page 447),11,1
  9503. 346114,en,15,passambhati,passambhati,Passambhati,Passambhati,[pa+<em>śrambh</em>] to calm down,to be quiet Vin.I,294 (fut °issati); D.I,73; M.III,86; S.V,333; A.III,21.-- pp.<i>passaddha</i>; Caus.<i>passambheti</i> (q.v.).(Page 447),11,1
  9504. 346140,en,15,passana,passanā,Passanā,Passanā,see anu°,vi°.(Page 447),7,1
  9505. 346149,en,15,passasa,passāsa,Passāsa,Passāsa,[fr.pa+<em>śvas</em>] inhaled breath,inhalation S.I,106,159; Ps.I,95,164 sq.,182 sq.Usually in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>assāsapassāsa</i> (q.v.).At Vism.272 passāsa is expl<sup>1</sup> as “ingoing wind” and assāsa as “outgoing wind.” (Page 447),7,1
  9506. 346162,en,15,passasati,passasati,Passasati,Passasati,[pa+<em>śvas</em>] to breathe in D.II,291; M.I,56; III,82; J.III,296; V,43; Vism.271; DhA 1.215.See also <i>assasati</i> &#38; remarks under ā<sup>1</sup> 3.(Page 447),9,1
  9507. 346172,en,15,passasin,passāsin,Passāsin,Passāsin,(adj.) [fr.passāsa] breathing; in ghuru-ghuru° snoring S.I,117.(Page 447),8,1
  9508. 346186,en,15,passati,passati,Passati,Passati,[Vedic paśyati &#38; *spaśati (aor.aspaṣṭa,Caus.spāśayati etc.); cp.Av.spasyeiti,Gr.skέptomai,(E.“scepsis”); Lat.species etc.; Ohg.spehon=Ger.spāhen (E.spy).-- The paradigm pass°,which in literary Sk.is restricted to the pres.stem <i>(</i><em>paś</em><i>)</i> interchanges with the paradigm dakkh° &#38; dass° <i>(</i><em>dṛś</em><i>)</i>:see <i>dassati<sup>1</sup></i>] 1.to see -- Pres.<i>passati</i> Vin.I,322; S.I,69,132,198; II,29; Sn.313,647,953,1063,1142 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 428); Pv.I,2<sup>3</sup>; Miln.218; PvA.11,102; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>passāma</i> Sn.76,153,164; Pv.I,10<sup>1</sup> (as future); imper.sg.<i>passa</i> Sn.435,580,588,756; J.I,223; II,159; Pv.II,1<sup>16</sup>,1<sup>19</sup>; PvA.38; pl.<i>passatha</i> S.II,25; Sn.176 sq.,777, &#38; <i>passavho</i> (cp.Sk.paśyadhvaṃ) Sn.998.-- ppr.<i>passaṃ</i> (see Geiger,P.Gr.97<sup>2</sup>) M.II,9; Sn.739,837,909; &#38; <i>passanto</i> J.III,52; PvA.5,6; f.<i>passantī</i> S.I,199.-- grd.<i>passitabba</i> J.IV,390 (a°).-- fut.<i>passissati</i> Pv.II,4<sup>6</sup>; PvA.6.-- aor.<i>passi</i> J.II,103,111; III,278,341.-- 2.to recognise,realise,know:only in comb<sup>n</sup> with jānāti (pres.jānāti passati; ppr.jānaṃ passaṃ):see jānāti 11.-- 3.to find Sn.1118 (=vindati paṭilabhati Nd<sup>2</sup> 428<sup>b</sup>); J.III,55; Pv.II,9<sup>9</sup>.-- Cp.vi°.(Page 447),7,1
  9509. 346192,en,15,passati,pāssati,Pāssati,Pāssati,fat.of pibati (for pivissati).(Page 456),7,1
  9510. 346199,en,15,passava,passāva,Passāva,Passāva,[fr.passavati] urine (lit.flowing out) Vin.II,141; IV,266 (p.muttaṃ vuccati); D.I,70 (uccāra+); M.III,3,90; J.I,164 (uccāra-passāvaṃ vissajjeti),338; V,164,389; Vism.235 (uccāra°).<br><br> <i>--doṇikā</i> a trough for urine Vin.II,221; Vism.235.(Page 447),7,1
  9511. 346216,en,15,passavati,passavati,Passavati,Passavati,[pa+<em>sru</em>] to flow forth,to pour out Miln.180.(Page 447),9,1
  9512. 346224,en,15,passaya,passaya,Passaya,Passaya,[fr.pa+<em>śri</em>,cp.Class.Sk.praśraya reverence] refuge Cp.III,10<sup>4</sup>.-- Note.°passaya in kaṇṭakapassaya J.III,74, &#38; kaṇṭakāpassayika D.I,167 (kaṇṭh°); J.IV,299 (kaṇṭaka°) is to be read as °apassaya (apa+<i>śri</i>).(Page 447),7,1
  9513. 346234,en,15,passika,passika,Passika,Passika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.imper.passa of passati,+ka] only in cpd.ehipassika (q.v.).(Page 447),7,1
  9514. 346258,en,15,passupati,passupati,Passupati,Passupati,[pa+<i>svap</i>] to sleep,rest,aor.passupi; fut.passupissati J.V,70.71.(Page 447),9,1
  9515. 346265,en,15,pasu,pasu,Pasu,Pasu,[Vedic paśu,cp.Lat.pecu &#38; pecunia,Gr.pέkos fleece,Goth.vieh,E.fee] cattle M.I,79; J.V,105; Pv.II,13<sup>12</sup> (°yoni); Miln.100; PvA.166 (°bhāva); n.pl.pasavo S.I,69; Sn.858; Gen.pl.pasūnaṃ Sn.311; Pv.II,2<sup>5</sup>.-- dupasu bad cattle Th.1,446.(Page 447),4,1
  9516. 346277,en,15,pasuka,pasuka,Pasuka,Pasuka,=pasu Vin.II,154 (ajaka+).(Page 447),6,1
  9517. 346280,en,15,pasuka,pāsuka,Pāsuka,Pāsuka,[for the usual phāsuka] a rib Vin.II,266.(loop? Rh.D.).(Page 456),6,1
  9518. 346282,en,15,pasula,pāsuḷa,Pāsuḷa,Pāsuḷa,[for phāsuka] a rib Vin.III,105.(Page 456),6,1
  9519. 346295,en,15,pasura,pasura,Pasura,Pasura,(adj.) [reading doubtful] many,abundant J.VI,134 (=rāsi,heap C.).We should probably read <i>pacura</i>,as at J.V,40 (=bahu C.).(Page 447),6,1
  9520. 346305,en,15,pasuta,pasuta,Pasuta,Pasuta,[pp.of pa+<em>sā</em> or <em>si</em>,Sk.prasita,on change of i to u see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 19<sup>3</sup>.In meaning confounded with pasavate of pa+<i>su</i>] attached to (Acc.or Loc.),intent upon (-°),pursuing,doing D.I,135 (kamma°); Sn.57 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 427),709,774,940,Dh.166,181; Vism.135 (doing a hundred &#38; one things:aneka-kicca°); DhA.III,160; PvA.151 (puñña-kammesu),175 (kīḷanaka°),195,228 (pāpa°).(Page 447),6,1
  9521. 346312,en,15,pasuta,pasūta,Pasūta,Pasūta,[pp.of pasavati] produced; having born,delivered PvA.80.(Page 447),6,1
  9522. 346322,en,15,pasuti,pasūti,Pasūti,Pasūti,(f.) [fr.pa+<em>su</em>] bringing forth,birth,in <i>°ghara</i> lying-in chamber Nd<sup>1</sup> 120; Vism.235; KhA 58 (where Vism.259 reads sūtighara).(Page 447),6,1
  9523. 346347,en,15,pata,paṭa,Paṭa,Paṭa,[cp.Epic Sk.paṭa,etym.unknown,prob.dialectical] cloth; cloak,garment S.II,219 (°pilotika); Th.1,1092 (bhinna-paṭan-dhara “wearing the patchwork cloak” trsl.); J.IV,494; KhA 45,58 (°tantu); DA.I,198; DhA.II,45 (puppha°); III,295 °kañcuka,v.l.kaṭak°); Vism.16 (bhinna-paṭa-dhara in def<sup>n</sup> of bhikkhu); VbhA.327 (id.); DhsA.81 (paṭa-paṭa sadda); VvA.73,201; PvA.185.Cp.paṭikā &#38; paṭalikā; also kappaṭa.(Page 391),4,1
  9524. 346363,en,15,pata,pāta,Pāta,Pāta,(-°) [fr.<em>pat</em>] 1.fall DA.I,95 (ukkā°); PvA.45 (asani°).The reading “anatthato pātato rakkhito” at PvA.61 is faulty we should prefer to read apagato (apāyato?) rakkhito.-- 2.throwing,a throw Sn.987 (muddha°); PvA.57 (akkhi°).See also piṇḍa.(Page 451),4,1
  9525. 346398,en,15,pataccarin,paṭaccarin,Paṭaccarin,Paṭaccarin,(adj.) [paṭa+carin but cp.Sk.pāṭaccara a shoplifter Halāyudha 2,185] poor (lit.dressed in old clothes):so read perhaps at J.VI,227 (vv.ll paḷaccari &#38; paṭiccari).(Page 391),10,1
  9526. 346410,en,15,pataggi,paṭaggi,Paṭaggi,Paṭaggi,[paṭi+aggi] counter-fire Vin.II,138; J.I,212; kAcc.31.(Page 391),7,1
  9527. 346425,en,15,pataha,paṭaha,Paṭaha,Paṭaha,[cp.Epic Sk.paṭaha,dial.] a kettle-drum,war drum,one of the 2 kinds of drums (bheri) mentioned at DhsA.319,viz.mahā-bheri &#38; p.-bheri; J.I,355; Dpvs 16,14; PvA.4.(Page 391),6,1
  9528. 346441,en,15,pataka,paṭāka,Paṭāka,Paṭāka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.paṭāka,connected with paṭa] a flag M.I,379; Miln.87; Vism.469; ThA.70.(Page 391),6,1
  9529. 346454,en,15,pataka,patākā,Patākā,Patākā,(f.) [cp.later Sk.patākā] a flag,banner (cp.dhaja) J.I,52; VvA.31,173.(Page 405),6,1
  9530. 346474,en,15,patala,paṭala,Paṭala,Paṭala,(nt.) [connected with paṭa,cp.Sk.paṭala in meaning “section” Vedic,in all other meanings later Sk.] 1.a covering,membrane,lining,envelope,skin,film Vism.257 (maṃsa° of the liver,where KhA 54 reads maṃsa-piṇḍa),359 (phaṇa°); DhsA.307 (7 akkhi° membranes of the eye); KhA 21 (samuppaṭana),55 (udara° mucous membrane of the stomach),61 (id.); DhsA.330 (id.); SnA 248 (id.); PvA.186 (eka° upāhanā,singlelined,cp.paṭalika &#38; palāsika &#38; see Morris J.P.T.S.1887,165); Vism.446 (kappāsa° film of cotton seed); Bdhd 66 (id.).-- 2.roof,ceiling PvA.52 (ayo° of iron).‹-› 3.a heap,mass (esp.of clouds) J.I,73 (megha°); DhsA.239 (abbha°).-- madhu° honey comb J.I,262; DhA.I,59; III,323.-- 4.cataract of the eye Dāvs.V,27.(Page 391),6,1
  9531. 346484,en,15,patala,pāṭala,Pāṭala,Pāṭala,(adj.) [cp.Class.Sk.pāṭala,to same root as palita &#38; pāṇḍu:see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under palleo &#38; cp.paṇḍu] pale red,pink J.IV,114.(Page 450),6,1
  9532. 346497,en,15,patala,pātāla,Pātāla,Pātāla,[cp.Epic Sk.pātāla an underground cave] proclivity,cliff,abyss S.I,32,127,197; IV,206; Th.1,1104 (see Brethren 418 for fuller expl<sup>n</sup>); J.III,530 (here expl<sup>d</sup> as a cliff in the ocean).(Page 452),6,1
  9533. 346528,en,15,patali,pāṭalī,Pāṭalī,Pāṭalī,(f.) [cp.Class.Sk.pāṭalī,to pāṭala] the trumpet flower,Bignonia Suaveolens D.II,4 (Vipassī pāṭaliyā mūle abhisambuddho); Vv 35<sup>9</sup>; J.I,41 (°rukkha as the Bodhi tree); II,162 (pāṭali-bhaddaka sic.v.l.for phālibhaddaka); IV,440; V,189; VI,537; Miln.338; VvA.42,164; ThA.211,226.(Page 450),6,1
  9534. 346536,en,15,patalika,paṭalika,Paṭalika,Paṭalika,(adj.) [fr.paṭala] belonging to a cover or lining,having or forming a cover or lining,as adj.said of sandals (eka° with single lining) J.II,277 (v.l.for ekatalika); III,80,81 (id.).-- as n.f.<i>paṭalikā</i> a woven cloth,a woollen coverlet (embroidered with flowers),usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>paṭikā</i> Vin.I,192; II,162; D.I,7 (=ghana-puppho uṇṇāmayo attharako.So āmilākapaṭṭo ti pi vuccati DA.I,87); A.I,137,181; III,50,IV.94,231,394.(Page 391),8,1
  9535. 346591,en,15,patana,patana,Patana,Patana,(nt.adj.) [fr.patati] falling,falling out,ruin,destruction J.I,293 (akkhīni); II,154; III,188 (geha°); VI,85 (usu° range of his arrow).(Page 405),6,1
  9536. 346599,en,15,patana,pātana,Pātana,Pātana,(nt.) [fr.pāteti] bringing to fall,destroying,killing,only in <i>gabbha°</i> destroying the fœtus,abortion (q.v.) DhA.I,47 and passim.(Page 451),6,1
  9537. 346609,en,15,patanaka,patanaka,Patanaka,Patanaka,(adj.) [fr.patana] on the point of falling,going to fall,falling J.VI,358.(Page 405),8,1
  9538. 346661,en,15,patanga,paṭaṅga,Paṭaṅga,Paṭaṅga,[cp.*Sk.phaḍingā,but influenced by Sk.pataga a winged animal,bird] a grasshopper Sn.602; J.VI,234,506; Miln.272,407; DhA.IV,58; PvA.67; Pgdp 59.(Page 391),7,1
  9539. 346695,en,15,patani,paṭāṇi,Paṭāṇi,Paṭāṇi,at Vin.IV,46 (paṭāṇi dinnā hoti) is not clear,it is expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh as “mañcapidhānaṃ (for °pīṭhānaṃ) pādasikhāsu āṇi dinno hoti.” At DA.I,77 we find the foll..“visūkaṃ paṭāni (sic.) --bhūtaṃ dassanan ti visūkadassanaṃ,“ and at DhsA.393:“paṭāni-gahaṇaṃ gahetvā ekapaden’eva taṃ nissaddaṃ akāsiṃ.” (Page 391),6,1
  9540. 346720,en,15,patanki,pāṭaṅkī,Pāṭaṅkī,Pāṭaṅkī,(f.) “sedan chair” (?) in phrase <i>sivikaṃ pāṭaṅkiṃ</i> at Vin.I,192 (MV V,10,3) is not clear.The vv.ll.(p.380) are pāṭaṅgin,pāṭaṅgan pāṭakan.Perhaps pallaṅkaṃ? (Page 450),7,1
  9541. 346743,en,15,patanu,patanu,Patanu,Patanu,(adj.) [pa+tanu] very thin J.VI,578 (°kesa); Dhs.362 (°bhāva)=DhsA.238; Kvu 299 (id.).(Page 405),6,1
  9542. 346756,en,15,patapa,patāpa,Patāpa,Patāpa,[fr.pa+<em>tap</em>] splendour,majesty Vv 40<sup>8</sup> (=tejas,ānubhāvo VvA.180).(Page 405),6,1
  9543. 346802,en,15,patapavant,patāpavant,Patāpavant,Patāpavant,(adj.) [fr.patāpa] splendid,majestic Sn.550 (=jutimantatāya p.SnA 453); Th.1,820.(Page 405),10,1
  9544. 346817,en,15,patapeti,patāpeti,Patāpeti,Patāpeti,[pa+tāpeti,Caus.of tap] scorch,burn fiercely Vv 79<sup>5</sup> (=ativiya dīpeti VvA.307).Sdhp.573.(Page 405),8,1
  9545. 346823,en,15,patapeti,pātāpeti,Pātāpeti,Pātāpeti,[Caus.II.of pāteti] to cause to fall,to cause an abortus Vin.II,108; DA.I,134.(Page 452),8,1
  9546. 346845,en,15,patar,pātar,Pātar,Pātar,(adv.) [Vedic prātar,der.fr.*prō,*<em>prā</em>,cp.Lat.prandium (fr.prām-ediom=pātar-āsa); Gr.prwi/ early; Ohg.fruo=Ger.früh] early in the morning,in foll.forms:(1) <i>pātar</i> (before vowels),only in cpd.<i>°āsa</i> morning meal,breakfast [cp.BSk.prātar-aśana Divy 631] D.III,94; Sn.387; J.I,232; VvA.294,308; SnA 374 (pāto asitabbo ti pātar-āso piṇḍa-pātass’etaṃ nāmaṃ).-- katapātarāsa (adj.) after breakfast J.I,227; VI,349 (°bhetta); Vism.391.-- (2) <i>pāto</i> (abs.) D.III,94; DhA.II,60; PvA.54,126,128; <i>pāto va</i> right early J.I,226; VI,180.-- (3) <i>pātaṃ</i> S.I,183; II,242; Th.2,407.‹-› Note.Should <i>piṇḍa-pāta</i> belong here,as suggested by Bdhgh at SnA 374 (see above)? See detail under piṇḍa.(Page 451),5,1
  9547. 346849,en,15,patara,patara,Patara,Patara,[Vedic pradara,pa+<em>dṛ</em>,with t.for d.; see Trenckner,Notes 62<sup>16</sup>; Geiger,P.Gr.§ 39,4] a split,a slit J.IV,32.(Page 405),6,1
  9548. 346872,en,15,patarati,patarati,Patarati,Patarati,[pa+tarati] 1.to go through or forth,to run out,to cross over D.I,248; J.III,91 (aor.patari).-- 2.to overflow,boil over (of water) Miln.260.-- Caus.patāreti (q.v.).(Page 405),8,1
  9549. 346891,en,15,patareti,patāreti,Patāreti,Patāreti,[Caus.of patarati] to make go forth,to bring over or through M.I,225; A.III,432 (v.l.M.pakaroti).-- aor.patārayi in meaning “strive” at J.III,210 (=patarati vāyamati C.but Rhys Davids.“to get away from”); as “assert” at J.V,117.(Page 405),8,1
  9550. 346940,en,15,patati,patati,Patati,Patati,[Ved.patati,Idg.*pet “to fly” as well as “to fall.” Cp.Av.pataiti fly,hurry; Gr.pέtomai fly,w)kupέths quick,pi/ptw fall; Lat.praepes quick,peto to go for,impetus,attack etc.] to fall,jump,fall down on (Loc.,Acc. &#38; Instr.),to alight J.I,278 (dīpake); Sn.248 (nirayaṃ); Pv IV.10<sup>8</sup> (1st pl.patāmase); Miln.187; PvA.45,ppr.patanto J.I,263 (asaniyā); III,188 (nāvāya); fut.patissati J.III,277; aor.pati Sn.1027 (sirasā); J.III,55; Pv.I,7<sup>8</sup>; ger.patitvā J.I,291; III,26; PvA.16; DhA.III,196 (vv.ll.papāta &#38; papatā the latter aor.of papatati,q.v.); ger.patitvā J.I,291; III,26; PvA.16.‹-› pp.patita (q.v.).-- Caus.pāteti (q.v.).Pass.(Caus.) patīyati is brought to fall also intrs.rush away J.IV,415 (=palāyati C.); Miln.187.(Page 405),6,1
  9551. 346955,en,15,patatthi,patatthi,Patatthi,Patatthi,at J.VI,276 is misprint for pathaddhi (q.v.).(Page 405),8,1
  9552. 346962,en,15,patava,pāṭava,Pāṭava,Pāṭava,(nt.) [cp.late Sk.pāṭava,fr.paṭu] skill KhA 156.(Page 450),6,1
  9553. 346979,en,15,patavyata,pātavyatā,Pātavyatā,Pātavyatā,(f.) [fr.<em>pāt</em>,see pāteti] downfall,bringing to fall,felling M.I,305; A.I,266; Vin.IV,34 (°by°); VbhA.499.(Page 452),9,1
  9554. 346987,en,15,patayati,patāyati,Patāyati,Patāyati,[in form=pa+tāyati,diff.in meaning; not sufficiently expl<sup>d</sup>,see Kern,Toev.p.29 s.v.It is probably a distorted *sphāṭayati:see under pharati,phalaka and phāteti] to be spread out,intrs.to spread (?) A.IV,97 (kodho p.,as if fr.pat); J.III,283 (C.nikkhamati,as if fr.<em>tṛ</em>,Kern.trsl<sup>s</sup> “to be for sale”).(Page 405),8,1
  9555. 346999,en,15,patekka,pāṭekka,Pāṭekka,Pāṭekka,(Pāṭiyekka) (adj.) [paṭi+eka; the diaeretic form of pacceka:see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 24] several,distinct,single Vin.I,134; IV,15; J.I,92 (T.pāṭiekka,SS pāṭiyekka); Vism.249 (pāṭiyekka,SS pāṭiekka),353,356,443,473; DhA.IV,7 (pāṭiy° SS pāṭieka).-- nt.<i>°ṃ</i> (adv.) singly,separately,individually Vism.409 (pāṭiy°); VvA.141.(Page 451),7,1
  9556. 347005,en,15,pateti,pāṭeti,Pāṭeti,Pāṭeti,[Caus.of <i>paṭ</i>] to remove; Pass.<i>pāṭiyati</i> Pv IV.1<sup>47</sup> (turned out of doors); v.l.pātayati (bring to fall).Prob,in sense of Med.at Miln.152 in phrase visaṃ pāṭiyamāno (doubtful,cp.Kern,Toev.II.139, &#38; Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,87).(Page 451),6,1
  9557. 347012,en,15,pateti,pāteti,Pāteti,Pāteti,[Caus.of <em>pat</em>] 1.to make fall,drop,throw off S.I,197 (sakuṇo rajaṃ); J.I,93 (udakaṃ); Miln.305 (sāraṃ).-- 2.to bring to fall J.V,198; Miln.187.-- 3.to kill,destroy,cut off (the head) J.I,393; III,177; PvA.31,115.-- pp.<i>pātita</i>.Caus.II.<i>pātāpeti</i> (q.v.).-- Cp.abhi°.Note.In meaning 3 it would be better to assume confusion with pāṭeti (for phāṭeti=Sk.sphāṭayati to split [<em>sphuṭ</em><i>=</i><em>(s)phal</em>],see phāleti &#38; phāṭeti In the same sense we find the phrase <i>kaṭṭhaṃ pāteti</i> to split firewood M.I,21 (MA ereti),besides phāleti.(Page 452),6,1
  9558. 347017,en,15,pateyya,pateyya,Pateyya,Pateyya,in phrase <i>alam-pateyya</i> at D.III,71 (kumārikā alam-pateyyā),75 (id.) means “surely fit to have husbands,ripe for marriage” (?) (Page 406),7,1
  9559. 347031,en,15,patha,patha,Patha,Patha,[of <em>path</em>,Ved.pathi with the 3 bases pathi,path° and panth°,of which only the last two have formed independent nouns,viz.patha and pantha (q.v.)] 1.path,road,way D.I,63; Sn.176 (Loc.pathe),385,540,868; Nd<sup>2</sup> 485 B (+pantha,in expl<sup>n</sup> of magga); J.I,308 (Loc.pathe); II,39; VI,525 (Abl.pathā); Th.1,64; Pug.22,57; Mhvs 21,24 (pathe); 36,93 (Loc.pathi,see Geiger,Gr.§ 89); Sdhp.241.-- 2.Very frequent as --°,where it is sometimes pleonastic,and acts in the function of an abstract formation in °tā or °ttaṃ (cp.similar use of anta:see anta<sup>1</sup> 5; and pada:see pada 3),e.g.anila° (air) J.IV,119; anupariyāya° A.IV,107; ādicca° (path of the sun,sky) DhA.III,177; ummagga° S.I,193; kamma° DhA.I,36; gaṇana° (range of) calculation Miln.20; cakkhu° J.IV,403 (=cakkhūnaṃ etaṃ nāmaṃ C.); catummahā° A.III,28,42,394; dve° Vv 53<sup>17</sup>; nakkhatta° Dh.208; yañña° (=yañña) Nd<sup>2</sup> 524; yogga° A.III,122; rajā° S.II,219; rāga° (sensuality) S.IV,70; vacana° (way of saying,speech) Vv 63<sup>17</sup> (=vacana VvA.262),etc.See also cakkhu°,ñeyya°,dveḷhā°,manussa°,yañña°,vāda°,sagga°,hattha°; der.<i>pātheyya</i>.-- See also byappatha.--<i>apatha</i> where there is no way or road,wrong way J.II,287; ThA.255; VvA.337.<br><br> <i>--addhan</i> “the journey or stretch of the path”:see under addhan.<i>--addhi</i> (?) so perhaps to be read for patatthi,according to Fausböll J.VI,276.Unclear in meaning,expl<sup>d</sup> by nibbiddha vīthi (frequented road?) <i>--gamana</i> “going on their course,” of the stars D.I,10 (see Dial.I.20 “their usual course”).(Page 408),5,1
  9560. 347041,en,15,patha,pāṭha,Pāṭha,Pāṭha,[fr.<em>paṭh</em>] reading,text-reading; passage of a text,text.Very freq.in Commentaries with phrase “ti pi pāṭho,” i.e.“so is another reading,” e.g.KhA 78,223; SnA 43 (°ṃ vikappeti),178,192,477; PvA.25 (pamāda° careless text),48,58,86 and passim.(Page 451),5,1
  9561. 347050,en,15,pathabya,pathabya,Pathabya,Pathabya,[fr.pathavi=paṭhavi] belonging to the earth,ruler of the earth (?) A.IV,90 (reading uncertain).(Page 408),8,1
  9562. 347065,en,15,pathaka,pāṭhaka,Pāṭhaka,Pāṭhaka,(-°) [fr.pāṭha] reciter; one who knows,expert Nd<sup>1</sup> 382 (nakkhatta°); J.I,455 (asi-lakkhaṇa°); II,21 (aṅgavijjā°),250 (id.); V,211 (lakkhaṇa° fortune-teller,wise man).(Page 451),7,1
  9563. 347077,en,15,pathama,paṭhama,Paṭhama,Paṭhama,(adj.) [Ved.prathama,cp.Av.frat∂ma; also Ved.prataraṃ further,Gr.prόteros superl.formation fr.prep.*pro,Sk.pra etc.see pa°] num.ord.“the first,” in foll.meanings:(1) the first,foremost,former Sn.93,436,1031; J.II,110; KhA.I,192; DhA.III,5,196 (°vaya,contrasted with majjhima &#38; pacchima); PvA.5,13,56.nt.Acc.<i>paṭhamaṃ</i> at first,for the first time Vin.I,16; D.II,14; Dh.158; J.I,222; II,103,153; often as first part of cpd.°-,meaning either “first” or “recently,newly,just” Vin.I,1 (°âbhisambuddha having just attained Buddhaship); D.III,253 (°âbhinibbatta),Sn.420 (°uppattika “in his first youth”); J.III,394 (°uggata newly sprung up).-- A second compar.formation is <i>paṭhamatara</i>,only as adv.°ṃ at the (very) first,as early as possible,first of all Vin.I,30; J.VI,510; DhA.I,138; VvA.230; PvA.93.(Page 402),7,1
  9564. 347994,en,15,pathana,paṭhana,Paṭhana,Paṭhana,(nt.) [fr.paṭhati] reading (textual) Miln.344.(Page 402),7,1
  9565. 348026,en,15,pathavant,paṭhavant,Paṭhavant,Paṭhavant,(adj.-n.) [fr.paṭhavī] a wayfarer S.I,37.(Page 403),9,1
  9566. 348037,en,15,pathavatta,paṭhavatta,Paṭhavatta,Paṭhavatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.paṭhavī] earthliness M.I,329.(Page 403),10,1
  9567. 348047,en,15,pathavi,paṭhavī,Paṭhavī,Paṭhavī,(f.) [Ved.pṛthivī,doublets in Pāli pathavī,puthavī,puthuvī,puṭhuvī,see Geiger,P.Gr.§§ 12<sup>4</sup>,17<sup>n</sup>.To ad.,pṛthu:see puthu,<em>prath</em> to expand,thus lit.the broad one,breadth,expansion.Not (as Bdhgh at Vism.364:patthaṭattā pathavī,cp.Cpd.155 even modern linguists!) to be derived fr.pattharati] the earth.Acc.to Nd<sup>2</sup> 389 syn.with jagati.It figures as the first element in enum<sup>n</sup> of the 4 elements (see dhātu 1),viz.p.,āpo,tejo,vāyo (earth,water,fire,wind or the elements of the extension,cohesion,heat and motion:Cpd.155).At D.III,87 sq.≈ Vism.418 rasa° is opposed to bhūmi-pappaṭaka.Otherwise it is very frequent in representing the earth as solid,firm,spacious ground.See D.II,14,16; M.I,327 sq.; S.I,113 (p.udrīyati),119 (id.),186; II,133,169 sq.; V,45,78,246,456 sq.; A.II,50; IV,89,374,V,263 sq.; Sn.307,1097; It.21; Dh.41,44,178 (pathavyā); Pv.II,6<sup>6</sup>; Miln.418; PvA.57,75,174.--mahā° M.I,127; S.II,179,263; III,150; J.I,25,74; III,42; Miln.187; aya° iron soil (of Avīci) DhA.I,148.In comp<sup>n</sup> both paṭhavī° &#38; pathavi°.<br><br> <i>--ojā</i> (paṭhavojā) sap or essence of the earth DhA.II,154.<i>--kampa</i> shaking the earth,an earthquake DA.I,130.<i>--kampana</i>=kampa J.I,47.<i>--kasiṇa</i> the earth artifice (see Dhs.trsl 43) D.III,286.<i>--dhātu</i> the earth element (see above) D.I,215; II,294; III,228,247; M.I,185; 421; S.II,170; Dhs.588,648,962 (cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 241); Nett 73,74; VbhA.55; <i>--maṇḍala</i> the circle of the E.D.I,134; S.I,101; A.IV,90.<i>--rasa</i> taste of earth S.I,134; SnA 5.<i>--lekha</i> writing on (or in) carth A.I,283; Pug.32.<i>--saññā</i> earth consciousness M.II.105; A.IV,312; V,7 sq.,318 sq.353 sq.<i>--sama</i> like the earth M.I,127,423; Dh.95.(Page 403),7,1
  9568. 348052,en,15,pathavi,pathavi,Pathavi,Pathavi,see <i>paṭhavi</i>.(Page 408),7,1
  9569. 348294,en,15,pathavin,pathāvin,Pathāvin,Pathāvin,[fr.patha] a traveller Vin.IV,108; J.VI,65; DA.I,298.(Page 408),8,1
  9570. 348518,en,15,patheyya,pātheyya,Pātheyya,Pātheyya,(nt.) [grd.form.fr.patha] “what is necessary for the road,” provisions for a journey,viaticum Vin.I,244; S.I,44; Dh.235,237; J.V,46,241; DA.I,288; DhA.I,180; III,335; PvA.5,154.(Page 452),8,1
  9571. 348523,en,15,patheyyaka,pātheyyaka,Pātheyyaka,Pātheyyaka,(nt.)=patheyya PvA.126.(Page 452),10,1
  9572. 348544,en,15,pathina,pāṭhīna,Pāṭhīna,Pāṭhīna,[cp.Sk.pāṭhīna Manu 5,16; Halāyudha 3,36] the fish Silurus Boalis,a kind of shad J.IV,70 (C:pāṭhīna-nāmakaṃ pāsāṇa-macchaṃ); V,405; VI,449.(Page 451),7,1
  9573. 348573,en,15,pati,paṭi,Paṭi,Paṭi,(indecl.) [Ved,prati,to Idg.*preti as in Lat.pretium (fr.*pretios)” price” (cp.precious),i.e.equivalent; Gr.prέs (aeol.),proti/,prόs against] directional prefix in well-defined meaning of “back (to),against,towards,in opposition to,opposite.” As preposition (with Acc.and usually postponed) towards,near by,at; usually spelt <i>pati</i> (cp.sampati &#38; sampaṭika) Sn.291 (?),425 (Nerañjaram (pati); Th.1,628 (suriyass’uggamanam p.); 2,258 (abhiyobbanam p.),306 (Nerañjaram p.); J.I,457 (paṭi suriyaṃ thatvā standing facing the sun); IV,93; VI,491; Pv.II,9<sup>41</sup> (suriy’uggamanam p.); Miln.116 (dānam p.); PvA.154 (paṭi Gaṅgaṃ against the G.).-- Most freq.comb<sup>ns</sup> are:paṭi+ā (patiyā°),patisaṃ°; vi+paṭi°,sampaṭi°.The composition (assimilation-) form before vowels is <i>pacc°</i> (b.v.).-Meanings.I.(lit.) “back,” in the sense of:(1) against,in opposition (opp.anu,see below III,),contrary:viz.(a) often with the implication of a hostile attack (anti-.against):°kaṇṭaka,°kosati (re-ject),°kūla,°khipati (re-fuse,op-pose),°gha,°codeti (re-prove),thambhati,°disā,°deseti,°pakkha,°patha,°piṃsati,°pīḷita,°magga,°manteti,°yodha (at-tack),°vacana (re-ply),°vadati,°vedeti,°sattu (enemy),°suṇāti,°hata; -- (b) warding off,protecting against (counter-,anti-):°kara (antidote),°sedhati (ward-off).-- (c) putting against,setting off in a comparison (counter-,rival):°puggala (one’s equal),°purisa (rival),°bala (adequate),°bimba (counterpart),°bhāga (id.); °malla (rival wrestler),°sama,°sāsana,°sūra,°seṭṭha; -- (d) close contact (against,be-):°kujjita (covered),°gādha,°channa (“be-deckt”) °vijjhana.-- (2) in return,in exchange (in revenge) °akkosati,°āneti,°katheti,°karoti,°kūṭa<sup>1</sup>,°kkamati,°khamāpeti,°gāti (sing in response),°gīta,°daṇḍa (retribution),°dadāti,°dāna,°nivāsana,°paṇṇa (in reply),°pasaṃsati,°piṇḍa,°pucchati (ask in return),°māreti (kill in revenge),°bhaṇḍa (goods in exchange),°bhaṇḍati (abuse in return) °rodana,°roseti,°vera (revenge),°sammodeti,°sātheyya.-- (3) (temporal) again,a second time (re-):°dasseti (re-appear),°nijjhatta,°nivattati,°pavesati,°pākatika (re-stored),°bujjhati,°vinicchinati,°sañjīvita (re-suscitated),°sandhi (re-incarnation),°sammajjati.-- (4) away from,back to (esp.in comp<sup>n</sup> paṭivi°):°kuṭati (shrink back),°ghāta (repulsion),°dhāvati,°neti,°paṇāmeti (send away),°bandhati (hold back),°bāhati (id.),°vijacchati,°vineti,°vinodeti (drive out),°virata,°saṃharati,°sallīna,°sutta,°sumbhita.-- II.(applied,in reflexive sense):(1) to,on to,up to,towards,at-:°oloketi (look at),°gijjha (hankering after) °ggaha,°jānāti °pūjeti,°peseti (send out to),°baddha (bound to),°bhaya,°yatta,°rūpa,°laddha,°labhati (at-tain),°lābha °lobheti,°sāmeti,°sevati (go after),°ssata.(2) together (con-,com-),esp.comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>°saṃ°</i>; °saṃyujati; °passaddha,°maṇḍita,°saṅkharoti,°santhāra.-- (3) asunder,apart (“up”):°kopeti (shake up),°viṃsa (part),°vibhatta (divided up).(4) secondary,complementary,by-,sham (developed out of meaning I.1 c.):°nāsikā (a false nose),°sīsaka (sham top knot); esp.freq.in redupl.(iterative) cpds.,like aṅga-paccaṅga (limb &#38; by-limb,i.e.all kinds of limbs),vata-paṭivatta (duties &#38; secondary duties,all duties).In the latter application paṭi resembles the use of ā,which is more frequent (see ā<sup>5</sup>).-- III,The opposite of pati in directional meaning is <i>anu</i>,with which it is freq.comb<sup>d</sup> either (a) in neg.contrast or (b) in positive emphasis,e.g.(a) anuvātaṃ paṭivātaṃ with and against the wind; anuloma+paṭiloma with and against the grain; °sotaṃ w. &#38; against the stream; (b) anumasati paṭimasati to touch cloesly (lit.up &#38; down).-- Note.The spelling pati for paṭi occurs frequently without discrimination; it is established in the comb<sup>n</sup> with <em>sthā</em> (as patiṭṭhāti,patiṭṭhita etc.).All cases are enum<sup>d</sup> under the respective form of paṭi°,with the exception of patiṭṭh° (Page 391),4,1
  9574. 348586,en,15,pati,pati,Pati,Pati,<sup>2</sup> (indecl.) [Vedic prati etc.] a doublet of paṭi; both often found side by side; pati alone always as prep.(with Acc.) and as prefix with <em>sthā</em> (paṭiṭṭhāti,patiṭṭhita etc.).All cases are referred to the form with paṭi°,except in the case of patiṭṭh°.The more frequent cases are the foll.:patikāra,°kuṭati,°caya,°dissati,°nandati,°manteti,°māneti,°ruddha,°rūpa,°līna,°sallāna,etc.°sibbati,°sevati,°ssata,°ssaya,°ssava.(Page 405),4,1
  9575. 348587,en,15,pati,pati,Pati,Pati,<sup>1</sup> [Ved.pati,Av.paitis lord,husband; Gr.pόsis husband,Lat.potis,potens,possum,hos-pes; Goth.brūp-faps bridegroom,hunda faps centurion,Lith.pāts husband] lord,master,owner,leader.-- 1.in general D.III,93 (khettānaṃ p.gloss adhipati).Mostly --°; see under gavam°,gaha°,dāna°,yūtha°,senā°.-- 2.husband S.I,210; Sn.314; J.III,138; PvA.161.See also sapatika (with her husband),patibbatā &#38; patika.<br><br> --kula her husband’s clan ThA.283; VvA.206; --devatā a devoted wife J.III,406; VvA.128.(Page 405),4,1
  9576. 348597,en,15,pati,pāṭī,Pāṭī,Pāṭī,(f.) [?] at VvA.321 in phrase sukka-pakkha-pāṭiyaṃ “in the moonlight half” is doubtful.Hardy in Index registers it as “part,half-,” but pakkha already means “half” and is enough by itself.We should probably read paṭipāṭiyaṃ “successively.” Note that the similar passage VvA.314 reads sukka-pakkhe pannarasiyaṃ.(Page 451),4,1
  9577. 348604,en,15,pati,pāti,Pāti,Pāti,[Vedic pāti of <em>pā</em>,cp.Gr.pώu herd,poimήn shepherd,Lat.pāsco to tend sheep] to watch,keep watch,keep J.III,95 (to keep the eyes open,C.ummisati; opp.nimisati); Vism.16 (=rakkhati in def.of pāṭimokkha).(Page 452),4,1
  9578. 348614,en,15,pati,pātī,Pātī,Pātī, &#38; Pāti (f.) [the <i>femin</i>.of patta,which is Vedic pātra (nt.); to this the f.Ved.pātrī] a bowl,vessel,dish Vin.I,157 (avakkāra°),352 (id.); II,216 (id.); M.I,25 (kaṃsa°),207; S.II,233; A.IV,393 (suvaṇṇa°,rūpiya°,kaṃsa°); J.I,347,501; II,90; V,377 (suvaṇṇa°) VI,510 (kañcana°); VvA.65; PvA.274.(Page 452),4,1
  9579. 348619,en,15,pati-aneti,paṭi-āneti,Paṭi-āneti,Paṭi-āneti,[paṭi+ā+<em>nī</em>] to lead or bring back,in duppaṭi-ānaya difficult to bring back J.IV,43.(Page 391),10,1
  9580. 348623,en,15,pati-orohati,paṭi-orohati,Paṭi-orohati,Paṭi-orohati,[paṭi+ava+<em>ruh</em>] to descend from DA.I,251 (°itvā).(Page 391),12,1
  9581. 348627,en,15,pati-y-alokam,paṭi-y-ālokaṃ,Paṭi-y-ālokaṃ,Paṭi-y-ālokaṃ,gacchati “to go to the South” Vin.IV,131,161.(Page 398),13,1
  9582. 348693,en,15,patibaddha,paṭibaddha,Paṭibaddha,Paṭibaddha,(adj.) [paṭi+baddha,pp.of <em>bandh</em>] bound to,in fetters or bonds,attracted to or by,dependent on D.I,76; Vin.IV,302 (kāya°); A.V,87 (para°); Dh.284; Miln.102 (āvajjana°); PvA.134 (°jīvika dependent on him for a living).-- Freq.in cpd.<i>°citta</i> affected,enamoured,one’s heart bound in love Vin.III,128; IV,18; Sn.37 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 385),65; PvA.46,145 (°tā f.abstr.),151,159 (rañño with the king).(Page 397),10,1
  9583. 348746,en,15,patibahaka,paṭibāhaka,Paṭibāhaka,Paṭibāhaka,[of paṭi+<em>bādh</em>] antidote Miln.335; repelling,preventing J.VI,571.(Page 397),10,1
  9584. 348757,en,15,patibahana,paṭibāhana,Paṭibāhana,Paṭibāhana,exclusion,warding off,prevention Miln.81; Vism.244.(Page 397),10,1
  9585. 348803,en,15,patibahati,paṭibāhati,Paṭibāhati,Paṭibāhati,[paṭi+<i>*</i><em>bāh</em> of bahis adv.outside] to ward off,keep off,shut out,hold back,refuse,withhold,keep out,evade Vin.I,356; II,162,166 sq.,274; IV,288; J.I,64,217; DhA.II,2 (rañño āṇaṃ),89 (sītaṃ); VvA.68; PvA.96 (maraṇaṃ),252,286 (grd.appaṭibāhanīya).Caus.<i>°bāheti</i> in same meaning J.IV,194; DhA.II,71; PvA.54.-- pp.<i>paṭibāḷha</i> (q.v.).(Page 397),10,1
  9586. 348839,en,15,patibahira,paṭibāhira,Paṭibāhira,Paṭibāhira,(adj.) [paṭi+bāhira] outside,excluded Vin.II,168.(Page 397),10,1
  9587. 348869,en,15,patibahiya,paṭibāhiya,Paṭibāhiya,Paṭibāhiya,(adj.) [grd.of paṭibāhati] to be kept off or averted,neg.<i>ap°</i> J.IV,152.(Page 397),10,1
  9588. 348885,en,15,patibala,paṭibala,Paṭibala,Paṭibala,(adj.) [paṭi+bala] able,adequate,competent Vin.I,56,342; II,103,300; III,158; A.V,71; Miln.6.(Page 397),8,1
  9589. 348892,en,15,patibalha,paṭibāḷha,Paṭibāḷha,Paṭibāḷha,[pp.of paṭibāhati,though more likely to paṭi+ <em>vah<sup>2</sup></em>] (op)pressed,forced,urged Vbh.338=Miln.301.(Page 397),9,1
  9590. 348901,en,15,patibandha,paṭibandha,Paṭibandha,Paṭibandha,(adj.) [paṭi+bandha] bound to,connected with,referring to Ps.I,172,184.(Page 397),10,1
  9591. 348923,en,15,patibandhati,paṭibandhati,Paṭibandhati,Paṭibandhati,[paṭi+bandhati] to hold back,refuse J.IV,134 (vetanaṃ na p.=aparihāpetvā dadāti).(Page 397),12,1
  9592. 348936,en,15,patibandhu,paṭibandhu,Paṭibandhu,Paṭibandhu,[paṭi+bandhu] a connection,a relation,relative Dhs.1059,1136,1230; DhsA.365.(Page 397),10,1
  9593. 348950,en,15,patibbata,patibbatā,Patibbatā,Patibbatā,(f.) [pati+vatā] a devoted wife (cp.patidevatā) J.II,121; VI,533; VvA.56,110.(Page 406),9,1
  9594. 348967,en,15,patibhaga,paṭibhāga,Paṭibhāga,Paṭibhāga,[paṭi+bhāga] 1.counterpart,likeness,resemblance Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Vism.125 (°nimitta,imitative mental reflex,memory-image); SnA 65,76,83,114,265; PvA.46,178,279.-- 2.rejoinder J.VI,341 (pañha°).-- 3.counterpart,opposite,contrary M.I,304.-- <i>appaṭibhāga</i> (adj.) unequalled,incomparable,matchless Miln.357 (+appaṭiseṭṭha); DhA.I,423 (=anuttara).(Page 397),9,1
  9595. 349015,en,15,patibhajati,paṭibhajati,Paṭibhajati,Paṭibhajati,[paṭi+<em>bhaj</em>] to divide M.III,91.(Page 397),11,1
  9596. 349035,en,15,patibhana,paṭibhāna,Paṭibhāna,Paṭibhāna,(nt.) [paṭi+bhāna.Cp.late Sk.pratibhāna,fr.Pali] understanding,illumination,intelligence; readiness or confidence of speech,promptitude,wit (see on term Vin.Texts III,13,172; Pts.of Controversy,378 f.) D.I,16,21,23; S.I,187; A.II,135,177,230; III,42; IV,163; V,96; Ps.II,150,157; J.VI,150; Pug.42; Vbh.293 sq.; VbhA.338,394,467; Miln.21; DA.I,106.-- <i>appaṭibhāna</i> (adj.) bewildered,not confident,cowed down Vin.II,78=III,162; M.I,258; A.III,57; J.V,238,369; VI,362.(Page 397),9,1
  9597. 349137,en,15,patibhanavant,paṭibhānavant,Paṭibhānavant,Paṭibhānavant,(adj.) [fr.paṭibhāna] possessed of intelligence or ready wit A.I,24; Sn.58,853,1147; Nd<sup>1</sup> 234= Nd<sup>2</sup> 386; SnA 111 (pariyatti° &#38; paṭivedha°).(Page 397),13,1
  9598. 349151,en,15,patibhanda,paṭibhaṇḍa,Paṭibhaṇḍa,Paṭibhaṇḍa,[paṭi+bhaṇḍa,cp.BSk.pratipanya Divy 173,271,564] merchandise in exchange,barter J.I,377; PvA.277.(Page 397),10,1
  9599. 349161,en,15,patibhandati,paṭibhaṇḍati,Paṭibhaṇḍati,Paṭibhaṇḍati,[paṭi+bhaṇḍati] to abuse in return S.I,162 (bhaṇḍantaṃ p.); A.II,215 (id.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 397 (id.).(Page 397),12,1
  9600. 349170,en,15,patibhaneyyaka,paṭibhāneyyaka,Paṭibhāneyyaka,Paṭibhāneyyaka,(adj.) [ger.formation+ka fr.paṭibhāna] =paṭibhānavant Vin.I,249 (cp.Vin.Texts II.140); A.I,25.(Page 397),14,1
  9601. 349194,en,15,patibhasati,paṭibhāsati,Paṭibhāsati,Paṭibhāsati,[paṭi+<em>bhās</em>] to address in return or in reply S.I,134; Sn.1024.(Page 397),11,1
  9602. 349221,en,15,patibhati,paṭibhāti,Paṭibhāti,Paṭibhāti,[paṭi+<em>bhā</em>] to appear,to be evident,to come into one’s mind,to occur to one,to be clear (cp.Vin.Texts II.30) S.I,155 (°tu taṃ dhammikathā); V,153 (T.reads patibbāti); Sn.450 (p.maṃ=mama bhāgo pakāsati Sna 399); Nd<sup>1</sup> 234=Nd<sup>2</sup> 386 (also fut.°bhāyissati); J.V,410; VvA.78=159 (maṃ p.ekaṃ pañhaṃ pucchituṃ “I should like to ask a question”).(Page 397),9,1
  9603. 349247,en,15,patibhaya,paṭibhaya,Paṭibhaya,Paṭibhaya,[paṭi+bhaya] fear,terror,fright S.IV,195; PvA.90; Dāvs.IV,35.Freq.in cpd.ap° &#38; sap°,e.g.Vin.IV,63; M.I,134; III,61.(Page 397),9,1
  9604. 349282,en,15,patibhoga,pāṭibhoga,Pāṭibhoga,Pāṭibhoga,[for paṭibhoga (?); difficult to explain,we should suspect a ger.formation *prati-bhogya for *bhujya i.e.“counter-enjoyable,” i.e.one who has to be made use of in place of someone else; cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 24] a sponsor A.II,172; Ud.17; It.1 sq.; J.II,93; Vism.555 sq.; DhA.I,398; VbhA.165.(Page 450),9,1
  9605. 349307,en,15,patibimba,paṭibimba,Paṭibimba,Paṭibimba,(nt.) [paṭi+bimba] counterpart,image,reflection Vism.190; VvA.50; VbhA.164.(Page 397),9,1
  9606. 349342,en,15,patibodha,paṭibodha,Paṭibodha,Paṭibodha,[fr.paṭi+<em>budh</em>,cp.paṭibujjhati] awaking,waking up Vv 50<sup>24</sup>.(Page 397),9,1
  9607. 349376,en,15,patibuddha,paṭibuddha,Paṭibuddha,Paṭibuddha,[pp.of paṭibujjhati] awakened,awake Sn.807.(Page 397),10,1
  9608. 349401,en,15,patibujjhati,paṭibujjhati,Paṭibujjhati,Paṭibujjhati,[paṭi+bujjhati] to wake up,to understand,know,A.III,105 sq.; ThA.74; PvA.43,128.-- pp.<i>paṭibuddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 397),12,1
  9609. 349435,en,15,paticaleti,paṭicaleti,Paṭicaleti,Paṭicaleti,[Caus.of paṭicalati] to nudge J.V,434.(Page 393),10,1
  9610. 349437,en,15,paticamma,paṭicamma,Paṭicamma,Paṭicamma,in °gataṃ sallaṃ at J.VI,78 to be expl<sup>d</sup> not with C.as from paṭi+camati (<i>cam</i> to wash,cp.ācamati),which does not agree with the actual meaning,but according to Kern,Toev.II.29,s.v.as elliptical for paṭibhinna-camma,i.e.piercing the skin so as to go right through (to the opp.side) which falls in with the C.expl<sup>n</sup> “vāmapassena pavisitvā dakkhiṇapassena viniggatan ti.” (Page 393),9,1
  9611. 349441,en,15,paticara,paṭicāra,Paṭicāra,Paṭicāra,[fr.paṭi+<em>car</em>] intercourse,visit,dealing with Miln.94.(Page 393),8,1
  9612. 349465,en,15,paticarati,paṭicarati,Paṭicarati,Paṭicarati,[paṭi+carati) 1.to wander about,to deal with Miln.94.-- 2.to go about or evade (a question),to obscure a matter of discussion,in phrase <i>aññena aññaṃ</i> p.“to be saved by another in another way,” or to from one (thing) to another,i.e.to receive a diff,answer to what is asked D.I,94; Vin.IV,35; M.I,96,250,442; A.IV,168 (v.l.paṭivadati); expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,264 by ajjhottharati paṭicchādeti “to cover over,” i.e.to conceal (a question).See on expression Dialogues I.116.(Page 393),10,1
  9613. 349483,en,15,paticaya,paṭicaya,Paṭicaya,Paṭicaya, &#38; paṭiccaya [paṭi+caya] adding to,heaping up,accumulation,increase Vin.II,74; III,158 (pati°); S.III,169; A.III,376 sq.(v.l.pati°); IV,355; V,336 sq.; Th.1,642; Ud.35 (pati°); Miln.138.(Page 393),8,1
  9614. 349497,en,15,paticca,paṭicca,Paṭicca,Paṭicca,[ger.of pacceti,paṭi+i; cp.BSk.pratītya] grounded on,on account of,concerning,because (with Acc.) M.I,265 (etaṃ on these grounds); S.III,93=It.89 (atthavasaṃ); J.II,386 (=abhisandhāya); Sn.680,784,872,1046; SnA 357; DhA.I,4; PvA.64 (maraṇaṃ),164,181 (kammaṃ),207 (anuddayaṃ).See also foll.<br><br> <i>--vinīta</i> trained to look for causality M.III,19.(Page 394),7,1
  9615. 349506,en,15,paticca-samuppada,paṭicca-samuppāda,Paṭicca-samuppāda,Paṭicca-samuppāda,[p.+samuppāda,BSk.prātītyasamutpāda,e.g.Divy 300,547] “arising on the grounds of (a preceding cause)” happening by way of cause,working of cause &#38; effect,causal chain of causation; causal genesis,dependent origination,theory of the twelve causes.-- See on this Mrs.Rh.D.in Buddhism 90 f.,Ency.Rel. &#38; Ethics,s.v. &#38; KS.II,,preface.Cpd.p.260 sq.with diagram of the “Wheel of Life”; Pts.of Controversy,390 f.-- The general formula runs thus:Imasmiṃ sati,idaṃ hoti,imass’uppādā,idaṃ uppajjati; imasmiṃ asati,idaṃ na hoti; imassa nirodhā,idaṃ nirujjhati.This being,that becomes; from the arising of this,that arises; this not becoming,that does not become:from the ceasing of this,that ceases M.II,32; S.II,28 etc.The term usually occurs <i>applied to dukkha</i> in a famous formula which expresses the Buddhist doctrine of evolution,the respective stages of which are conditioned by a preceding cause &#38; constitute themselves the cause of resulting effect,as working out the next state of the evolving (shall we say) “individual” or “being,” in short the bearer of evolution.The respective links in this chain which to study &#38; learn is the first condition for a “Buddhist” to an understanding of life,and the cause of life,and which to know forward and backward (anuloma-paṭilomaṃ manas’âkāsi Vin.I,1) is indispensable for the student,are as follows.The root of all,primary cause of all existence,is <i>avijjā ignorance</i>; this produces <i>saṅkhārā:</i> karma,dimly conscious elements,capacity of impression or predisposition (will,action,Cpd.; synergies Mrs.Rh.D.),which in their turn give rise to <i>viññāṇa</i> thinking substance (consciousness,Cpd.; cognition Mrs.Rh.D.),then follow in succession the foll.stages:<i>nāmarūpa</i> individuality (mind &#38; body,animated organism Cpd.; name &#38; form Mrs.Rh.D.),<i>saḷāyatana</i> the senses (6 organs of sense Cpd.; the sixfold sphere Mrs.Rh.D.),<i>phassa</i> contact,<i>vedanā</i> feeling,<i>taṇhā</i> thirst for life (craving),<i>upādāna</i> clinging to existence or attachment (dominant idea Cpd.; grasping Mrs.Rh.D.),<i>bhava</i> (action or character Cpd.; renewed existence Mrs.Rh.D.),<i>jāti</i> birth (rebirth conception Cpd.),<i>jarāmaraṇa</i> (+soka-parideva-dukkhadomanass’ûpayāsā) old age &#38; death (+tribulation,grief,sorrow,distress &#38; despair).The BSk.form is pratītya-samutpāda,e.g.at Divy 300,547.<br><br> The Paṭicca-samuppāda is also called the <i>Nidāna</i> (“basis,” or “ground,” i.e.cause) doctrine,or the <i>Paccay’ākāra</i> (“related-condition”),and is referred to in the Suttas as <i>Ariya-ñāya</i> (“the noble method or system”).The term paccay’<i>ākāra</i> is late and occurs only in Abhidhamma-literature.-- The oldest account is found in the Mahāpadāna Suttanta of the Dīgha Nikāya (D.II,30 sq.; cp.Dial.II.24 sq.),where 10 items form the constituents of the chain,and are given in backward order,reasoning from the appearance of <i>dukkha</i> in this world of old age and death towards the original cause of it in <i>viññāṇa</i>.The same chain occurs again at S.II,104 sq.-- A later development shows 12 links,viz.<i>avijjā</i> and <i>saṅkhārā</i> added to precede <i>viññāṇa</i> (as above).Thus at S.II,5 sq.-- A detailed exposition of the P.-s.in Abhidhamma literature is the exegesis given by Bdhgh at Vism.XVII.(pp.517--586,under the title of Paññā-bhūmi-niddesa),and at VbhA.130--213 under the title of Paccayākāra-vibhaṅga.‹-› Some passages selected for ref.:Vin.I,1 sq.; M.I,190,257; S.I,136; II,1 sq.,26 sq.,42 sq.,70,92 sq.,113 sq.; AI.177; V,184; Sn.653; Ud.1 sq.; Ps.I,50 sq.; 144; Nett 22,24,32,64 sq.; DA.I,125,126.<br><br> <i>--kusala</i> skilled in the (knowledge of the) chain of causation M.III,63; Nd<sup>1</sup> 171; f.abstr.<i>°kusalatā</i> D.III,212.(Page 394),17,1
  9616. 349509,en,15,paticca-samuppanna,paṭicca-samuppanna,Paṭicca-samuppanna,Paṭicca-samuppanna,[p.+samuppana] evolved by reason of the law of causation D.III,275; M.I,500; S.II,26; A.V,187; Ps.I,51 sq.,76 sq.; Vbh.340,362.Cp.BSk.pratitya samutpanna MVastu III,61.(Page 394),18,1
  9617. 349653,en,15,paticchada,paṭicchāda,Paṭicchāda,Paṭicchāda,[fr.paṭi+chad] 1.covering,clothes,clothing Pv.II,1<sup>16</sup> (=vattha PvA.76).-- 2.deceiving,hiding; concealment,deception Sn.232.(Page 394),10,1
  9618. 349660,en,15,paticchadaka,paṭicchādaka,Paṭicchādaka,Paṭicchādaka,=prec.DhsA.51.(Page 394),12,1
  9619. 349681,en,15,paticchadana,paṭicchādana,Paṭicchādana,Paṭicchādana,(nt.) [fr.paṭicchādeti] covering,hiding,concealment M.I,10; A.III,352; Vbh.357=SnA 180.(Page 394),12,1
  9620. 349726,en,15,paticchadaniya,paṭicchādaniya,Paṭicchādaniya,Paṭicchādaniya,(nt.) [fr.paṭicchādeti] the flavour of meat,flavouring,meat broth or gravy Vin.I,206,217; Miln.291.(Page 394),14,1
  9621. 349793,en,15,paticchadeti,paṭicchādeti,Paṭicchādeti,Paṭicchādeti,[paṭi+chādeti,Caus.of chad] 1.to cover over,conceal,hide S.I,70,161; DA.I,264; VvA.65 (dhanaṃ); KhA 191; PvA.76,88,142 (kesehi),194 (=parigūhati).-- 2.to clothe oneself Vin.I,46.-- 3.to dress (surgically),to treat (a wound) M.I,220.-- 4.to conceal or evade (a question) DA.I,264.-- pp.paṭicchādita &#38; paṭicchanna (q.v.).(Page 394),12,1
  9622. 349818,en,15,paticchadi,paṭicchādī,Paṭicchādī,Paṭicchādī,(f.) [fr.paṭicchādeti] 1.covering,protection Vin.II,122.-- 2.antidote,remedy,medicine (or a cloth to protect the itch) Vin.I,296; IV,171.(Page 394),10,1
  9623. 349827,en,15,paticchadita,paṭicchādita,Paṭicchādita,Paṭicchādita,[pp.of paṭicchādeti,cp.paṭicchanna] covered,concealed,hidden J.VI,23 (=paṭisanthata) PvA.48.(Page 394),12,1
  9624. 349856,en,15,paticchaka,paṭicchaka,Paṭicchaka,Paṭicchaka,(adj.) [fr.paṭicchati) receiving J.VI,287.(Page 394),10,1
  9625. 349868,en,15,paticchanna,paṭicchanna,Paṭicchanna,Paṭicchanna,[pp.of paṭicchādeti] covered,concealed,hidden Vin.II,40; A.I,282; Sn.126,194; Pv.I,10<sup>2</sup> (kesehi=paṭicchādita PvA.48); II,10<sup>2</sup> (kesehi); DA.I,276,228; SnA 155; KhA 53; VbhA.94 (°dukkha); PvA.43,103.<i>--appaṭicchanna</i> unconcealed,open,unrestrained Vin.II,38; J.I,207.<br><br> <i>--kammanta</i> of secret doing,one who acts underhand or conceals his actions A.II,239; Sn.127.(Page 394),11,1
  9626. 350026,en,15,paticchati,paṭicchati,Paṭicchati,Paṭicchati,[paṭi+icchati of <em>iṣ</em><i><sup>2</sup>;</i> cp.BSk.pratīcchati Divy 238 and sampaṭicchati] to accept,receive,take A.III,243 (udakaṃ); Vin.IV,18; Th.2,421; J.I,233; II,432; III,171; IV,137; V,197; DhA.III,271.-- pp.<i>paṭicchita</i> (q.v.).Caus.II.<i>paṭicchāpeti</i> to entrust,dedicate,give J.I,64,143,159,383,506; II,133; PvA.81.(Page 394),10,1
  9627. 350033,en,15,paticchavi,paṭicchavi,Paṭicchavi,Paṭicchavi,in appaṭicchavi at Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup> read with v.l.as sampatitacchavi.(Page 394),10,1
  9628. 350041,en,15,paticchita,paṭicchita,Paṭicchita,Paṭicchita,[pp.of paṭicchati] accepted,taken up Sn.803 (pl.°tāse,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 113 &#38; SnA 531).(Page 394),10,1
  9629. 350071,en,15,paticodana,paṭicodana,Paṭicodana,Paṭicodana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.paṭicodeti] rebuking,scolding (back) DhsA.393.(Page 394),10,1
  9630. 350101,en,15,paticodeti,paṭicodeti,Paṭicodeti,Paṭicodeti,[paṭi+codeti] to blame,reprove M.I,72; Vin.IV,217; Ud.45.(Page 394),10,1
  9631. 350124,en,15,patidadati,paṭidadāti,Paṭidadāti,Paṭidadāti,[paṭi+dadāti] to give back,to restore J.I,177; IV,411 (°diyyare); PvA.276 (ger.°datvā).(Page 395),10,1
  9632. 350138,en,15,patidana,paṭidāna,Paṭidāna,Paṭidāna,(nt.) [paṭi+dāna] reward,restitution,gift PvA.80.(Page 395),8,1
  9633. 350152,en,15,patidanda,paṭidaṇḍa,Paṭidaṇḍa,Paṭidaṇḍa,[paṭi+daṇḍa] retribution Dh.133,cp.DhA.III,57,58.(Page 395),9,1
  9634. 350174,en,15,patidasseti,paṭidasseti,Paṭidasseti,Paṭidasseti,[paṭi+dasseti] to show oneself or to appear again,to reappear Pv III,2<sup>27</sup>.(Page 395),11,1
  9635. 350202,en,15,patidesaniya,pāṭidesanīya,Pāṭidesanīya,Pāṭidesanīya,(adj.) [grd.of paṭideseti with pāṭi for pāṭi in der.] belonging to confession,(a sin) which ought to be confessed Vin.I,172; II,242; A.II,243 (as °desanīyaka).(Page 450),12,1
  9636. 350224,en,15,patideseti,paṭideseti,Paṭideseti,Paṭideseti,[paṭi+deseti] to confess Vin.II,102.See also pāṭidesaniya.(Page 395),10,1
  9637. 350259,en,15,patidhavati,paṭidhāvati,Paṭidhāvati,Paṭidhāvati,[paṭi+dhāvati] to run back to (Acc.) M.I,265 ≈ S.II,26 (pubbanṭaṃ; opp.aparantaṃ ādhāvati M,upadhāvati S); Sdhp.167.(Page 395),11,1
  9638. 350283,en,15,patidisa,paṭidisā,Paṭidisā,Paṭidisā,(f.) [paṭi+disā] an opposite (counter-) point of the compass,opposite quarter D.III,176 (disā ca p.ca vidisā ca).(Page 395),8,1
  9639. 350295,en,15,patidissati,paṭidissati,Paṭidissati,Paṭidissati,[paṭi+dissati; usually spelt pati°] to be seen,to appear J.III,47=PvA.281; Sn.123; J.IV,139; SnA 172.(Page 395),11,1
  9640. 350310,en,15,patidukkhapanata,paṭidukkhāpanatā,Paṭidukkhāpanatā,Paṭidukkhāpanatā,(f.) [paṭi+abstr.of dukkhāpeti,Caus.--denom.fr.dukkha] the fact of being afflicted again with súffering Miln.180.(Page 395),16,1
  9641. 350324,en,15,patigacca,paṭigacca,Paṭigacca,Paṭigacca,see <i>paṭikacca</i>.(Page 393),9,1
  9642. 350340,en,15,patigacchati,paṭigacchati,Paṭigacchati,Paṭigacchati,to give up,leave behind J.IV,482 (gehaṃ); cp.<i>paccagū</i>.(Page 393),12,1
  9643. 350351,en,15,patigadha,paṭigādha,Paṭigādha,Paṭigādha,[paṭi+gādha<sup>2</sup>] a firm stand or foothold A<i>.6.16./</i>III,297 sq.; Pug.72=Kvu 389.(Page 393),9,1
  9644. 350377,en,15,patigandhiya,paṭigandhiya,Paṭigandhiya,Paṭigandhiya,only as neg.<i>appaṭi°</i> (q.v.).(Page 393),12,1
  9645. 350409,en,15,patigatha,paṭigāthā,Paṭigāthā,Paṭigāthā,(f.) [paṭi+gāthā] counter-stanza,response SnA 340.Cp.paccanīka-gāthā.(Page 393),9,1
  9646. 350416,en,15,patigayati,paṭigāyati,Paṭigāyati,Paṭigāyati,(°gāti) [paṭi+gāyati] to sing in response,to reply by a song J.IV,395 (imper.<i>°gāhi</i>).(Page 393),10,1
  9647. 350429,en,15,patiggaha,paṭiggaha,Paṭiggaha,Paṭiggaha,[fr.paṭiggaṇhāti] 1.receiving,acceptance; one who receives,recipient J.I,146; II,9; VI,474; Pv III,1<sup>11</sup>.-- 2.friendly reception J.VI,526.-- 3.receptacle (for water etc.) Vin.II,115,213 (udaka°).-- 4.a thimble Vin.II,116.(Page 393),9,1
  9648. 350436,en,15,patiggaha,paṭiggāha,Paṭiggāha,Paṭiggāha,see <i>patiṭṭhāha</i>.(Page 393),9,1
  9649. 350443,en,15,patiggahaka,paṭiggāhaka,Paṭiggāhaka,Paṭiggāhaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.paṭiggaṇhāti] receiving,accepting; one who receives,recipient Vin.II,213; D.I,138; A.I,161; II,80 sq.; III,42,336; J.I,56; PvA.7,128,175 (opp.dāyaka); VvA.195; Sdhp.268.(Page 393),11,1
  9650. 350473,en,15,patiggahana,paṭiggahaṇa,Paṭiggahaṇa,Paṭiggahaṇa,(nt.) [fr.paṭigganhāti] acceptance,receiving,taking M.III,34; S.V,472; SnA 341.-- accaya° acceptance of a sin,i.e.pardon,absolution J.V,380.(Page 393),11,1
  9651. 350479,en,15,patiggahana,paṭiggāhaṇa,Paṭiggāhaṇa,Paṭiggāhaṇa,(nt.) [fr.paṭiggaṇhāti] reception,taking in J.VI,527.(Page 393),11,1
  9652. 350642,en,15,patiggahita,paṭiggahita,Paṭiggahita,Paṭiggahita,[pp.of paṭigganhāti] received,got,accepted,appropriated,taken Vin.I,206,214; J.VI,231.-- As appaṭiggahitaka (nt.) “that which is not received” at Vin.IV,90.(Page 393),11,1
  9653. 350687,en,15,patiggahitar,paṭiggahītar,Paṭiggahītar,Paṭiggahītar,[n.ag.of paṭiggaṇhāti] one who receives,recipient D.I,89.(Page 393),12,1
  9654. 350740,en,15,patigganhanaka,paṭiggaṇhanaka,Paṭiggaṇhanaka,Paṭiggaṇhanaka,(adj.-n.) [paṭiggaṇhana (=paṭiggahaṇa) +ka] receiving,receiver PvA.175.(Page 393),14,1
  9655. 350774,en,15,patigganhati,paṭiggaṇhāti,Paṭiggaṇhāti,Paṭiggaṇhāti,(paṭigaṇhāti) [paṭi+gaṇhāti] to receive,accept,take (up) D.I,110 (vatthaṃ),142; Vin.I,200; II,109,116 (a sewing-needle); S.IV,326 (jātarūpa-rajataṃ); Sn.479,689,690; Dh.220; J.I,56,65; DA.I,236; PvA.47.In special phrase <i>accayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti</i> to accept (the confession of) a sin,to pardon a sin Vin.II,192; D.I,85; M.I,438; J.V,379.-- pp.<i>paṭiggahita</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>°ggaheti</i> Vin.II,213; M.I,32.(Page 393),12,1
  9656. 350838,en,15,patigha,paṭigha,Paṭigha,Paṭigha,(m. &#38; nt.) [paṭi+gha,adj.suffix of <em>ghan</em><i>=</i><em>han</em>,lit.striking against] 1.(ethically) repulsion,repugnance,anger D.I,25,34; III,254,282; S.I,13; IV,71,195,205,208 sq.; V,315; A.I,3,87,200; Sn.371,536; Dhs.1060; Miln.44; DA.I,22.-- 2.(psychologically) sensory reaction D.III,224,253,262; S.I,165,186; A.I,41,267; II,184; Dhs.265,501,513,579; VbhA.19.See on term Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 72,204,276 and passim.-- <i>appaṭigha</i> see separately s.v.Note.How shall we read paṭighaṭṭha nānighaṃso at DhsA.308? (paṭigha-ṭṭhāna-nighaṃso,or paṭighaṭṭana-nighaṃso?) (Page 393),7,1
  9657. 350965,en,15,patighata,paṭighāta,Paṭighāta,Paṭighāta,[paṭi+ghāta,of same root as paṭigha] 1.(lit.) warding off,staying,repulsion,beating off D.III,130; M.I,10; A.I,98; IV,106 sq.; J.I,344; Vism.31 (=paṭihanana); Miln.121; DhA.II,8; PvA.33.-- 2.(psych.) resentment Dhs.1060,cp.Dhs.trsl.282.(Page 393),9,1
  9658. 351014,en,15,patighavant,paṭighavant,Paṭighavant,Paṭighavant,(adj.) [fr.paṭigha] full of repugnance,showing anger S.IV,208,209.(Page 393),11,1
  9659. 351030,en,15,patighosa,paṭighosa,Paṭighosa,Paṭighosa,[paṭi+ghosa] echo Vism.554.(Page 393),9,1
  9660. 351055,en,15,patigijjha,paṭigijjha,Paṭigijjha,Paṭigijjha,(adj.) [paṭi+gijjha,a doublet of giddha,see gijjha<sup>2</sup>] greedy; hankering after Sn.675 (SnA 482 reads °giddha and expl<sup>ns</sup> by mahāgijjha).(Page 393),10,1
  9661. 351066,en,15,patigita,paṭigīta,Paṭigīta,Paṭigīta,(nt.) [paṭi+gīta] a song in response,counter song J.IV,393.(Page 393),8,1
  9662. 351069,en,15,patiguhati,paṭiguhati,Paṭiguhati,Paṭiguhati,(°gūhati) [paṭi+gūhati] to concert,keep back Cp.I.9<sup>18</sup>.(Page 393),10,1
  9663. 351089,en,15,patihamsati,paṭihaṃsati,Paṭihaṃsati,Paṭihaṃsati,[for ghaṃsati?] to beat,knock against PvA.271 (for ghaṭṭeti Pv IV.10<sup>8</sup>; v.l.paṭipisati).(Page 402),11,1
  9664. 351099,en,15,patihanana,paṭihanana,Paṭihanana,Paṭihanana,(nt.) [fr.paṭi+<em>han</em>] repulsion,warding off Vism.31.(Page 402),10,1
  9665. 351104,en,15,patihananaka,paṭihananaka,Paṭihananaka,Paṭihananaka,(adj.) [fr.paṭi+<em>han</em>] one who offers resistance DhA.I,217.(Page 402),12,1
  9666. 351127,en,15,patihanati,paṭihanati,Paṭihanati,Paṭihanati,[paṭi+<em>han</em>] to strike against,ward off,keep away,destroy M.I,273; Miln.367; ppr.<i>paṭihanamāna</i> meeting,impinging on,striking against Vism.343.‹-› ger.<i>paṭihacca</i> S.V,69,237,285; fut.<i>paṭihaṅkhati</i>; pp.paṭihata (q.v.).-- Pass.<i>paṭihaññati</i> It.103; J.I,7; DhsA.72.(Page 402),10,1
  9667. 351144,en,15,patihankhati,paṭihaṅkhati,Paṭihaṅkhati,Paṭihaṅkhati,[fut.of paṭihanti] only in one stock phrase viz.purāṇañ ca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi navañ ca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi “I shall destroy any old feeling and not produce any new” S.IV,104=A.II,40= III,388=IV.167=Nd<sup>1</sup> 496=Nd<sup>2</sup> 540<sup>2</sup>; Vism.32,33.(Page 402),12,1
  9668. 351214,en,15,patihara,pāṭihāra,Pāṭihāra,Pāṭihāra,[=pāṭihāra,with pāṭi after analogy of pāṭihāriya] striking,that which strikes (with ref.to marking the time) J.I,121,122 (v.l.SS pāṭihāriya) (Page 450),8,1
  9669. 351245,en,15,patiharati,paṭiharati,Paṭiharati,Paṭiharati,[paṭi+<em>hṛ</em>] to strike in return Vin.II,265; D.I,142; S.IV,299.-- Caus.<i>paṭihāreti</i> to repel,avoid J.VI,266,295.-- Cp.pāṭihāriya etc.(Page 402),10,1
  9670. 351261,en,15,patiharika,pāṭihārika,Pāṭihārika,Pāṭihārika,[=pāṭihāriya or der.fr.pātihāra in meaning of °hāriya] special,extraordinary; only in cpd.<i>°pakkha</i> an extra holiday A.I,144; Vv 15<sup>6</sup> (cp.VvA.71,109); ThA.38.(Page 450),10,1
  9671. 351279,en,15,patihariya,pāṭihāriya,Pāṭihāriya,Pāṭihāriya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.paṭi+<em>hṛ</em> (paṭihāra) with usual lengthening of paṭi to pāṭi,as in °desanīya,°mokkha etc.Cp.pāṭihīra; BSk.prātihārya] striking,surprising,extraordinary,special; nt.wonder,miracle.Usually in stock phrase iddhi°,ādesanā°,anusāsanī° as the 3 marvels which characterise a Buddha with regard to his teaching (i.e.superhuman power,mind reading,giving instruction) D.I,212; III,3 sq.; S.IV,290; A.I,170; V,327; Ps.II,227.-- Further:Vin.I,34 (aḍḍhuḍḍha° sahassāni); Vism.378,390 (yamaka°); VvA.158 (id.); PvA.137 (id.).For yamaka-pāṭihāriya (or °hīra) see yamaka.-- Two kinds of p.are given at Vism.393,viz.pākaṭa° and apākaṭa°.--<i>sappāṭihāriya</i> (with ref.to the Dhamma) wonderful,extraordinary,sublime,as opposed to appāṭi° plain,ordinary,stupid M.II,9 (where Neumann,Majjhima Nikāya II.318 trsl<sup>s</sup> <i>sa°</i> “intelligible” and a° “incomprehensible,” referring to Chāndogyopaniṣat I.11,1); D.II,104; cp.also Windisch,Māra 71.<br><br> <i>--pakkha</i> an extra holiday,an ancient festival,not now kept S.I,208 (cp.Th.2,31); Sn.402 (cp.expl<sup>n</sup> at SnA 378,where var.opinions are given); J.IV,320; VI,118.See also Kern’s discussion of the term at Toev.II.30.(Page 451),10,1
  9672. 351296,en,15,patihata,paṭihata,Paṭihata,Paṭihata,[pp.of paṭihanti] stricken,smitten,corrupted Pv III,7<sup>9</sup>; PvA.20 (°citta),207 (id.).- app° unobstructed DhA.II,8; VvA.14.(Page 402),8,1
  9673. 351318,en,15,patihira,pāṭihīra,Pāṭihīra,Pāṭihīra,(adj.) [contracted form of pāṭihāriya viâ metathesis *pāṭihāriya›*pāṭihēra›paṭihīra] wonderful; nt.a wonderful thing,marvel,miracle Ps.I,125 (yamaka°); II,158 (id.); Mhvs 5,118; Miln.106; Dāvs.I,50; DhA.III,213.--<i>appātihīrakathā</i> stupid talk D.I,193,239; Kvu 561 (diff.Kern.Toev.II.30); opp.<i>sa°</i> ibid.(Page 451),8,1
  9674. 351343,en,15,patijaggaka,paṭijaggaka,Paṭijaggaka,Paṭijaggaka,(adj.) [fr.paṭijaggati] fostering,nursing,taking care of J.V,111.(Page 394),11,1
  9675. 351357,en,15,patijaggana,paṭijaggana,Paṭijaggana,Paṭijaggana,(nt.) [fr.paṭijaggati] rearing,fostering,tending; attention,care J.I,148; Miln.366; DhA.I,27; II,96.(Page 394),11,1
  9676. 351364,en,15,patijagganaka,paṭijagganaka,Paṭijagganaka,Paṭijagganaka,(adj.) [fr.paṭijaggana] to be reared or brought up J.VI,73 (putta).(Page 395),13,1
  9677. 351405,en,15,patijaggapeti,paṭijaggāpeti,Paṭijaggāpeti,Paṭijaggāpeti,[Caus.II.of paṭijaggati] to make look after or tend Vism.74.(Page 395),13,1
  9678. 351423,en,15,patijaggati,paṭijaggati,Paṭijaggati,Paṭijaggati,[paṭi+jaggati,cp.BSk.pratijāgarti Divy 124,306] lit.to watch over,i.e.to nourish,tend,feed,look after,take care of,nurse Dh.157; J.I,235,375; II,132,200,436; Vism.119; DhA.I,8,45,99,392; IV,154; PvA.10,43.-- pp.paṭijaggita (q.v.).-- Caus.°jaggāpeti.(Page 394),11,1
  9679. 351458,en,15,patijaggita,paṭijaggita,Paṭijaggita,Paṭijaggita,[pp.of paṭijaggati] reared,cared for,looked after,brought up J.V,274,331.(Page 395),11,1
  9680. 351484,en,15,patijaggiya,paṭijaggiya,Paṭijaggiya,Paṭijaggiya,(adj.) [grd.of paṭijaggati] to be nursed DhA.I,319.(Page 395),11,1
  9681. 351544,en,15,patijanati,paṭijānāti,Paṭijānāti,Paṭijānāti,[paṭi+jānāti] to acknowledge,agree to,approve,promise,consent D.I,3,192; S.I,68,172; II,170; III,28; V 204,423; Sn.76,135,555,601,1148; J.I,169; DhA.I,21; PvA.223 (pot.paṭiññeyya),226 (id.),241; ger.paṭiññāya Vin.II,83 (a°).-- pp.<i>paṭiññāta</i> (q.v.).(Page 395),10,1
  9682. 351600,en,15,patijivan,patijīvan,Patijīvan,Patijīvan,(-°) in phrase jīva-paṭijīvaṃ at J.II,15 is to be taken as a sort of redupl.cpd.of jīva,the imper.of jīvati “live,” as greeting.We might translate “the greeting with “jīva” and reciprocating it.” (Page 395),9,1
  9683. 351605,en,15,patika,paṭikā,Paṭikā,Paṭikā,(f.) [Sk.paṭikā dial.fr.paṭa cloth] a (white) woollen cloth (:uṇṇāmayo set’attharako DA.I,86) D.I,7; A.I,137,181; III,50; IV,94,231,394; Dāvs.V,36.See also <i>paṭiya</i>.(Page 392),6,1
  9684. 351609,en,15,patika,patika,Patika,Patika,at Vism.28 is to be read pātika (vessel,bowl,dish). Patiṭṭhahati ( &#38; Patiṭṭhāti) [paṭi+<em> sthā</em>] to stand fast or firmly,to find a support in (Loc.),to be established (intrs.),to fix oneself,to be set up,to stay; aor.patiṭṭhahi DhA.III,175 (sotāpattiphale),PvA.42 (id.),66 (id.); VvA.69 (sakadāgāmiphale); and patiṭṭhāsi Miln.16.-- fut.°ṭṭhahissati J.V,458 (°hessati); DhA.III,171.-- ger.patiṭṭhāya Sn.506; J.II,2 (rajje); III,52; V,458 (rajje); Miln.33; PvA.142.-- pp.patiṭṭhita (q.v.).‹-› Caus.patiṭṭhāpeti (q.v.).(Page 405),6,1
  9685. 351610,en,15,patika,patika,Patika,Patika,(adj.) [only f.patikā and only as --°] having a husband in mata° “with husband dead,” a widow Th.2,221 (=vidhuva ThA.179); J.V,103 (ap° without husband,v.l.for appatīta,C.expl<sup>ns</sup> by assāmika).pavuttha° (a woman) whose husband lives abroad Vin.II,268; III,83; Miln.205 (pavuttha°).See also pañcapatika &#38; sapatika.(Page 405),6,1
  9686. 351620,en,15,patika,pāṭikā,Pāṭikā,Pāṭikā,(f.) [etym.unknown; with pāṭiya cp.Sk.pāṣya?] half-moon stone,the semicircular slab under the staircase Vin.I,180 (cp.Vin.Texts II.3).As pāṭiya at J.VI,278 (=piṭṭhi-pāsāṇa C.).(Page 450),6,1
  9687. 351627,en,15,patika,pātika,Pātika,Pātika,=pātī,read at Vism.28 for patika.(Page 452),6,1
  9688. 351634,en,15,patikacca,paṭikacca,Paṭikacca,Paṭikacca,(indecl.) [so read for <i>°gacca</i> as given at all passages mentioned,see Trenckner Miln.p.421, &#38; Geiger Pr.§ 38<sup>1</sup>.-- ger.fr.paṭikaroti (q.v.),cp.Sk.pratikāra in same meaning “caution,remedy”] 1.previously (lit.as cautioned) Vin.IV,44; Miln.48 (v.l.°kacca) usually as paṭigacc’eva,e.g.Vin.I,342; D.II,118.-- (2) providing for (the future),preparing for,with caution,cautiously Vin.II,256; S.I,57; V,162; A.II,25; D.II,144; Th.1,547; J.III,208; IV,166 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of paṭikata &#38; paṭikaroti); V,235.(Page 392),9,1
  9689. 351654,en,15,patikamma,paṭikamma,Paṭikamma,Paṭikamma,(nt.) [paṭi+kamma,cp.paṭikaroti] redress,atonement A.I,21 (sa° &#38; a° āpatti) Miln.29; DA.I,96.(Page 392),9,1
  9690. 351675,en,15,patikampati,paṭikampati,Paṭikampati,Paṭikampati,[paṭi+kampati] to shake; pret.paccakampittha J.V,340.(Page 392),11,1
  9691. 351685,en,15,patikankha,pāṭikaṅkha,Pāṭikaṅkha,Pāṭikaṅkha,(adj.) [grd.of paṭikaṅkhati,Sk.*pratikāṅkṣya] to be desired or expected M.I,25; III,97; S.I,88; II,152; A.III,143=Sn.p.140 (=icchitabba SnA 504); Ud.36; DhA.IV,2 (gati °ā) PvA.63 (id.).(Page 450),10,1
  9692. 351706,en,15,patikankhati,paṭikaṅkhati,Paṭikaṅkhati,Paṭikaṅkhati,[paṭi+<em>kāṅkṣ</em>] to wish for,long for S.I,227.adj.°kaṅkhin M.I,21.See also pāṭikaṅkhin.(Page 392),12,1
  9693. 351720,en,15,patikankhin,pāṭikaṅkhin,Pāṭikaṅkhin,Pāṭikaṅkhin,(-°) (adj.-n.) [fr.paṭi+<em>kāṅka</em>,cp.patikaṅkhin] hoping for,one who expects or desires D.I,4; M.III,33; A.II,209; J.III,409.(Page 450),11,1
  9694. 351737,en,15,patikantaka,paṭikaṇṭaka,Paṭikaṇṭaka,Paṭikaṇṭaka,[paṭi+kantaka<sup>4</sup>] an enemy,adversary,robber,highwayman J.I,186; II,239; DhA.III,456 (v.l.°kaṇḍaka).(Page 392),11,1
  9695. 351754,en,15,patikara,paṭikara,Paṭikara,Paṭikara,[fr.paṭi+<em>kṛ</em>] counteracting; requital,compensation Vin.IV,218 (a°); D.I,137 (ovāda° giving advice or providing for? v.l.pari°); III,154.(Page 392),8,1
  9696. 351761,en,15,patikara,paṭikāra,Paṭikāra,Paṭikāra,[paṭi+<em>kṛ</em>] counteraction,remedy,requital Sdhp.201,498; usually neg.<i>app°</i> adj.not making good or which cannot be made good,which cannot be helped Vin.IV,218 (=anosārita p.219); PvA.274 (maraṇa) Cp.foll.(Page 392),8,1
  9697. 351835,en,15,patikarika,paṭikārika,Paṭikārika,Paṭikārika,(adj.) [fr.preceding] of the nature of an amendment; <i>app°</i> not making amends,not making good J.V,418.(Page 392),10,1
  9698. 351865,en,15,patikaroti,paṭikaroti,Paṭikaroti,Paṭikaroti,[paṭi+karoti) 1.to redress,repair,make amends for a sin,expiate (āpattiṃ) Vin.I,98,164; II,259; IV,19; S.II,128=205; A.V,324; DhA.I,54.-- 2.to act against,provide for,beware,be cautious J.IV,166.‹-› 3.to imitate J.II,406.-- ger.<i>paṭikacca</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>paṭikata</i> (q.v.).(Page 392),10,1
  9699. 351874,en,15,patikassana,paṭikassana,Paṭikassana,Paṭikassana,(nt.) [paṭi+<em>kṛṣ</em>] drawing back,in phrase mūlāya p.“throwing back to the beginning,causing to begin over &#38; over again” Vin.II,7,162; A.I,99.(Page 392),11,1
  9700. 351889,en,15,patikassati,paṭikassati,Paṭikassati,Paṭikassati,[paṭi+kassati] to draw back,remove,throw back Vin.I,320 (mūlāya); II,7 (id.).(Page 392),11,1
  9701. 351915,en,15,patikata,paṭikata,Paṭikata,Paṭikata,[pp.of paṭikaroti] “done against,” i.e.provided or guarded against J.IV,166.(Page 392),8,1
  9702. 351933,en,15,patikatheti,paṭikatheti,Paṭikatheti,Paṭikatheti,[paṭi+katheti] to answer,reply J.VI,224; DA.I,263.(Page 392),11,1
  9703. 351950,en,15,patikelana,paṭikeḷanā,Paṭikeḷanā,Paṭikeḷanā,see parikeḷanā; i.e.counter-playing Dh.I,286.(Page 392),10,1
  9704. 351960,en,15,patikhamapita,paṭikhamāpita,Paṭikhamāpita,Paṭikhamāpita,[pp.of paṭi+khamāpeti,Caus.of khamati] forgiven DhA.II,78.(Page 393),13,1
  9705. 351967,en,15,patikibbisa,paṭikibbisa,Paṭikibbisa,Paṭikibbisa,(nt.) [paṭi+kibbisa] wrong doing in return,retaliation J.III,135.(Page 392),11,1
  9706. 351973,en,15,patikilittha,paṭikiliṭṭha,Paṭikiliṭṭha,Paṭikiliṭṭha,(adj.) [paṭi+kiliṭṭha] very miserable PvA.268 (v.l.); and perhaps at DhA.II,3 for paṭikiṭṭha (q.v.).(Page 392),12,1
  9707. 351977,en,15,patikirati,paṭikirati,Paṭikirati,Paṭikirati,[paṭi+kirati] to strew about,to sprawl Pv IV.10<sup>8</sup> (uttānā paṭikirāma=vikirīyamān’aṅgā viya vattāma PvA.271).(Page 392),10,1
  9708. 351990,en,15,patikittha,paṭikiṭṭha,Paṭikiṭṭha,Paṭikiṭṭha,inferior,low,vile A.I,286=Dh.I,144; in meaning “miserable” at DhA.II,3 is perhaps better to be read with v.l.as <i>pakkiliṭṭha</i>,or should it be <i>paṭikuṭṭha</i>? (Page 392),10,1
  9709. 352011,en,15,patikkama,paṭikkama,Paṭikkama,Paṭikkama,[fr.paṭi+<em>kram</em>] going back Pv IV.1<sup>2</sup> (abhikkama+”going forward and backward”; cp.PvA.219).(Page 392),9,1
  9710. 352028,en,15,patikkamana,paṭikkamana,Paṭikkamana,Paṭikkamana,(nt.) [fr.paṭikkamati] returning,retiring,going back Dh.I,95; in <i>°sālā</i> meaning “a hall with seats of distinction” SnA 53.(Page 392),11,1
  9711. 352083,en,15,patikkamati,paṭikkamati,Paṭikkamati,Paṭikkamati,[paṭi+<em>kram</em>] to step backwards,to return (opp.abhi°) Vin.II,110,208; M.I,78; S.I,200,226; II,282; Sn.388 (ger.°kkamma=nivattitvā SnA 374); SnA 53.-- Caus.<i>paṭikkamāpeti</i> to cause to retreat J.I,214 Miln.121.-- pp.<i>paṭikkanta</i> (q.v.).(Page 392),11,1
  9712. 352133,en,15,patikkanta,paṭikkanta,Paṭikkanta,Paṭikkanta,[pp.of <i>paṭikkamati</i>] gone back from (-°),returned (opp.abhi°) D.I,70 (abhikkanta+); A.II,104,106 sq.,210; Pv IV.1<sup>43</sup> (cp.PvA.240); DA.I,183 (=nivattana); VvA.6 (opp.abhi°) PvA.11 (piṇḍapāta°),16 (id.).For opp.of <i>paṭikkanta</i> in conn.with piṇḍāya see <i>paviṭṭha</i>.(Page 392),10,1
  9713. 352140,en,15,patikkantaka,paṭikkantaka,Paṭikkantaka,Paṭikkantaka,[fr.last] one who has come or is coming back DhA.I,307.(Page 392),12,1
  9714. 352152,en,15,patikkhati,paṭikkhati,Paṭikkhati,Paṭikkhati,[paṭi+<em>īkṣ</em>] to look forward to,to expect Sn.697 (paṭikkhaṃ sic ppr.=āgamayanā SnA 490).(Page 393),10,1
  9715. 352159,en,15,patikkhepa,paṭikkhepa,Paṭikkhepa,Paṭikkhepa,[fr.paṭi+<em>kṣip</em>] opposition,negation,contrary SnA 228 for “na”),502; PvA.189 (°vacana the opp.expression).°to (Abl.) in opposition or contrast to PvA.24.(Page 393),10,1
  9716. 352265,en,15,patikkhipati,paṭikkhipati,Paṭikkhipati,Paṭikkhipati,[paṭi+khipati] to reject,refuse,object to,oppose J.I,67; IV,105; Miln.195; DA.I,290; DhA.I,45; II,75; PvA.73,114,151,214 (aor.°khipi=vāresi).--<i>appaṭikkhippa</i> (grd.) not to be rejected J.II,370.‹-› Contrasted to <i>samādiyati</i> Vism.62,64 &#38; passim.(Page 393),12,1
  9717. 352318,en,15,patikkhitta,paṭikkhitta,Paṭikkhitta,Paṭikkhitta,[pp.of paṭikkhipati] refused,rejected D.I,142; M.I,78,93; A.I,296; II,206; J.II,436; Nett 161,185 sq.; DhA.II,71.(Page 393),11,1
  9718. 352383,en,15,patikkosana,paṭikkosana,Paṭikkosana,Paṭikkosana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.paṭikkosati] protest Vin.I,321; II,102 (a°).(Page 393),11,1
  9719. 352404,en,15,patikkosati,paṭikkosati,Paṭikkosati,Paṭikkosati,[paṭi+<em>kruś</em>] to blame,reject,revile,scorn Vin.I,115; II,93; M.III,29; D.I,53 (=paṭibāhati DA.I,160); S.IV,118 (+apavadati); Sn.878; Dh.164; J.IV,163; Miln.131,256; DhA.III,194 (opp.abhinandati).-- pp.<i>paṭikuṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 393),11,1
  9720. 352437,en,15,patikkula,paṭikkūla,Paṭikkūla,Paṭikkūla,(adj.) [paṭi+kūla] lit.against the slope; averse,objectionable,contrary,disagreeable Vin.I,58 (°kūla); D.III,112,113; M.I,341 (dukkha°); S.IV,172 (id.); J.I,393; VvA.92 (K.); PvA.77; VbhA.250 sq.-- <i>app°</i> without objection,pleasant,agreeable Vv 53<sup>2</sup> (K.); Vism.70 (k).-- nt.°ṃ loathsomeness,impurity VvA.232.See also abstr.pāṭikkūlyatā (paṭi°).<br><br> <i>--gāhitā</i> as neg.a° “refraining from contradiction” (Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup>) Pug.24 (k.); Dhs.1327 (k.).<i>--manasikāra</i> realisation of the impurity of the body DhA.II,87 (°kkula); VbhA.251.<i>--saññā</i> (āhāre) the consciousness of the impurity of material food D.III,289,291; S.V,132; A.IV,49; adj.<i>°saññin</i> S.I,227; V,119,317; A.III,169.(Page 393),9,1
  9721. 352456,en,15,patikkulyata,pāṭikkulyatā,Pāṭikkulyatā,Pāṭikkulyatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.paṭikkūla] loathsomeness,objectionableness A.III,32; IV,47 sq.; V,64.Cp.paṭikulyatā,paṭikūlatā &#38; pāṭikulyā.(Page 450),12,1
  9722. 352465,en,15,patikopeti,paṭikopeti,Paṭikopeti,Paṭikopeti,[paṭi+kopeti] to shake,disturb,break (fig.) J.V,173 (uposathaṃ).(Page 392),10,1
  9723. 352477,en,15,patikotteti,paṭikoṭṭeti,Paṭikoṭṭeti,Paṭikoṭṭeti,[paṭi+koṭṭeti as Caus.of kuṭati] to bend away,to make refrain from M.I,115; S.II,265 (cp.id.p.A.IV,47 with trs.°kuṭati &#38; v.l.°kujjati which may be a legitimate variant).The T.prints pati°.(Page 392),11,1
  9724. 352485,en,15,patikubbara,paṭikubbara,Paṭikubbara,Paṭikubbara,[paṭi+kubbara] the part of the carriage-pole nearest to the horse(?) A.IV,191.(Page 392),11,1
  9725. 352499,en,15,patikujjana,paṭikujjana,Paṭikujjana,Paṭikujjana,(nt.) [fr.paṭi+<em>kubj</em>] covering,in °phalaka covering board,seat KhA 62 (vacca-kuṭiyā).(Page 392),11,1
  9726. 352512,en,15,patikujjati,paṭikujjati,Paṭikujjati,Paṭikujjati,[paṭi+<em>kubj</em>,see kujja &#38; cp.patikuṭati] to bend over,in or against,to cover over,to enclose D.II,162; M.I,30; A.III,58.Caus.<i>°eti</i> J.I,50,69.-- pp.<i>paṭikujjita</i> (q.v.).(Page 392),11,1
  9727. 352540,en,15,patikujjhati,paṭikujjhati,Paṭikujjhati,Paṭikujjhati,[paṭi+<em>krudh</em>] to be angry in return S.I,162= Th.1,442.(Page 392),12,1
  9728. 352552,en,15,patikujjita,paṭikujjita,Paṭikujjita,Paṭikujjita,[pp.of paṭikujjeti] covered over,enclosed A.I,141; Th.1,681; J.I,50,69; V,266; Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup> (=upari pidahita PvA.52); DhsA.349.(Page 392),11,1
  9729. 352632,en,15,patikulata,paṭikūlatā,Paṭikūlatā,Paṭikūlatā,(f.) [fr.paṭikkūla] disgustiveness Vism.343 sq.(Page 392),10,1
  9730. 352645,en,15,patikulya,pāṭikulyā,Pāṭikulyā,Pāṭikulyā,(f.) [fr.paṭi(k)kūla]=pātikkūlyatā (perhaps to be read as such) J.V,253 (nava,cp.Vism.341 sq.).(Page 450),9,1
  9731. 352653,en,15,patikulyata,paṭikulyatā,Paṭikulyatā,Paṭikulyatā,(f.) [fr.paṭikūla,perhaps better to write patikkulyatā] reluctance,loathsomeness M.I,30; A.V,64.Other forms are paṭikūlatā,pāṭikkūlyatā, &#38; pāṭikulyā (q.v.).(Page 392),11,1
  9732. 352659,en,15,patikunika,paṭikuṇika,Paṭikuṇika,Paṭikuṇika,(adj.) [for °kuṭita?] bent,crooked PvA.123 (v.l.kuṇita &#38; kuṇḍita).(Page 392),10,1
  9733. 352664,en,15,patikunthita,paṭikuṇṭhita,Paṭikuṇṭhita,Paṭikuṇṭhita,[cp.kuṇṭhita]=pariguṇṭhita (q.v.); covered,surrounded J.VI,89.(Page 392),12,1
  9734. 352678,en,15,patikuta,paṭikūṭa,Paṭikūṭa,Paṭikūṭa,(nt.) [paṭi+kūṭa<sup>1</sup>] cheating in return J.II,183.(Page 392),8,1
  9735. 352688,en,15,patikutati,paṭikuṭati,Paṭikuṭati,Paṭikuṭati,[paṭi+<em>kuṭ</em> as in kuṭila,cp.<em>kuc</em> &#38; paṭikujjati] to turn in or over,to bend,cramp or get cramped; fig.to shrink from,to refuse A.IV,47 sq.(v.l.°kujjati); Miln.297 (pati°; cp.Miln.trsl<sup>n</sup> II.156); Vism.347 (v.l.BB; T.°kuṭṭati); DhA.I,71; II,42.-- Caus.<i>patikoṭṭeti</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>paṭikuṭita</i> (q.v.).See also paṭilīyati.(Page 392),10,1
  9736. 352707,en,15,patikutita,paṭikuṭita,Paṭikuṭita,Paṭikuṭita,[pp.of paṭikuṭati] bent back,turned over (?) Vin.II,195 (reading uncertain,vv.ll.<i>paṭikuṭṭiya</i> &<i> paṭikuṭiya</i>).(Page 392),10,1
  9737. 352715,en,15,patikuttaka,paṭikuttaka,Paṭikuttaka,Paṭikuttaka,[or uncertain etym.; paṭi+kuttaka?] a sort of bird J.VI,538.(Page 392),11,1
  9738. 352722,en,15,patikuttha,paṭikuṭṭha,Paṭikuṭṭha,Paṭikuṭṭha,[pp.of paṭi+<em>kruś</em>,see paṭikkosati &#38; cp.BSk.pratikruṣṭa poor Divy 500] scolded,scorned,defamed,blameworthy,miserable,vile Vin.I,317; PvA.268 (v.l.paṭikiliṭṭha); as neg.<i>app°</i> blameless,faultless S.III,71‹-› 73; A.IV,246; Kvu 141,341.See also <i>paṭikiṭṭha</i>.(Page 392),10,1
  9739. 352758,en,15,patilabha,paṭilābha,Paṭilābha,Paṭilābha,[fr.paṭi+<em>labh</em>] obtaining,receiving,taking up,acquisition,assumption,attainment D.I,195; M.I,50; A.II,93,143; Ps.II,182,189; Nd<sup>1</sup> 262; Dh.333; Pug.57; VvA.113; PvA.50,73,74.-- attabhāva° obtaining a reincarnation,coming into existence S.II,256; III,144; A.II,159,188; III,122 sq.-- See also paribhoga.(Page 398),9,1
  9740. 352875,en,15,patilabhati,paṭilabhati,Paṭilabhati,Paṭilabhati,[paṭi+labhati] to obtain,receive,get It.77; J.I,91; Nd<sup>2</sup> 427 (pariyesati p.paribhuñjati); Pug.57; VvA.115; PvA.6,7,16,50,60,67 etc.-- pret.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>paccaladdhaṃsu</i> S.I,48 (so v.l. &#38; C.T.°latthaṃsu),expl<sup>d</sup> by paṭilabhiṃsu cp.K.S.319.-- aor.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>paṭilacchiṃ</i> J.V,71.-- Caus.<i>paṭilābheti</i> to cause to take or get,to rob J.V,76 (paṭilābhayanti naṃ “rob me of him”).(Page 398),11,1
  9741. 352973,en,15,patiladdha,paṭiladdha,Paṭiladdha,Paṭiladdha,[pp.of paṭilabhati] received,got,obtained PvA.15 (=laddha),88.(Page 398),10,1
  9742. 353200,en,15,patileneti,paṭileṇeti,Paṭileṇeti,Paṭileṇeti,[Sec.der<sup>n</sup> fr.pp.paṭilīna in sense of Caus.; cp.Sk.°lāpayati of <i>lī</i>] to withdraw,to make keep away,not to touch S.II,265 (pati°,as at Miln.297 patilīyati).(Page 398),10,1
  9743. 353207,en,15,patilika,paṭilika,Paṭilika,Paṭilika,v.l.BB together with <i>paṭalika</i> for <i>talika</i> at J.III,80 (cp.A III 36?).(Page 398),8,1
  9744. 353213,en,15,patilina,paṭilīna,Paṭilīna,Paṭilīna,[pp.of paṭilīyati] having withdrawn,keeping away S.I,48 (°nisabha “expert to eliminate”; reading pati°); with reading pati also; A.II,41; IV,449; Sn.810,852; Nd<sup>1</sup> 130,224 (rāgassa etc.pahīnattā patilīno).(Page 398),8,1
  9745. 353258,en,15,patiliyati,paṭilīyati,Paṭilīyati,Paṭilīyati,[paṭi+līyati of <em>lī</em>] to withdraw,draw back,keep away from,not to stick to A.IV,47=Miln.297 (+paṭikuṭati paṭivaṭṭati; Miln. &#38; id.p.at S.II,265 print pati°); Vism.347 (+paṭikuṭṭati pativaṭṭati).-- pp.<i>paṭilīna</i>; Caus.<i>paṭileṇeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 398),10,1
  9746. 353277,en,15,patilobheti,paṭilobheti,Paṭilobheti,Paṭilobheti,[paṭi+Caus.of <em>lubh</em>] to fill with desire,to entice J.V,96.(Page 398),11,1
  9747. 353285,en,15,patiloma,paṭiloma,Paṭiloma,Paṭiloma,(adj.) [paṭi+loma] “against the hair,” in reverse order,opposite,contrary,backward; usually comb<sup>d</sup> with anuloma i.e.forward &#38; backward Vin.I,1; A.IV,448; etc (see paṭiccasamuppāda); J.II,307.<i>--°pakkha</i> opposition PvA.114 (cp.<i>paṭipakkha</i>).(Page 398),8,1
  9748. 353380,en,15,patima,paṭimā,Paṭimā,Paṭimā,(f.) [fr.paṭi+<em>mā</em>] counterpart,image,figure J.VI,125; Dāvs.V,27; VvA.168 (=bimba); DhsA.334.--<i>appaṭima</i> (adj.) without a counterpart,matchless,incomparable Th.1,614; Miln.239.(Page 397),6,1
  9749. 353392,en,15,patimagga,paṭimagga,Paṭimagga,Paṭimagga,[paṭi+magga,cp.similarly paṭipatha] the way against,a confronting road; °ṃ gacchati to go to meet somebody J.IV,133; VI,127.(Page 397),9,1
  9750. 353407,en,15,patimalla,paṭimalla,Paṭimalla,Paṭimalla,[paṭi+malla] a rival wrestler S.I,110; Nd<sup>1</sup> 172.(Page 397),9,1
  9751. 353413,en,15,patimamsa,paṭimaṃsa,Paṭimaṃsa,Paṭimaṃsa,(adj.) [for paṭimassa=Sk.*pratimṛśya,ger.of prati+<em>mṛś</em>,cp.in consonants haṃsa for harṣa etc.] as neg.<i>app°</i> not to be touched,untouched; faultless Vin.II,248 (acchidda+); A.V,79.(Page 397),9,1
  9752. 353458,en,15,patimandita,paṭimaṇḍita,Paṭimaṇḍita,Paṭimaṇḍita,[pp.of paṭi+<em>maṇḍ</em>] decorated,adorned with J.I,8,41,509; PvA.3,66,211.(Page 397),11,1
  9753. 353508,en,15,patimaneti,paṭimāneti,Paṭimāneti,Paṭimāneti,[paṭi+Caus.of <em>man</em>] to wait on,or wait for,look after,honour,serve Vin.II,169; IV,112; D.I,106; J.IV,2,203; V,314; Miln.8; PvA.12; DA.I,280.-- pp.<i>paṭimānita</i> (q.v.).(Page 398),10,1
  9754. 353530,en,15,patimanita,paṭimānita,Paṭimānita,Paṭimānita,[pp.of paṭimāneti] honoured,revered,served PvA.18.(Page 398),10,1
  9755. 353536,en,15,patimantaka,paṭimantaka,Paṭimantaka,Paṭimantaka,[fr.paṭi+<em>mant</em>] one who speaks to or who is spoken to,i.e.(1) an interlocutor J.IV,18 (=paṭivacana-dayaka C.); -- (2) an amiable person (cp.Lat.affabilis=affable) M.I,386.(Page 397),11,1
  9756. 353554,en,15,patimanteti,paṭimanteti,Paṭimanteti,Paṭimanteti,[paṭi+manteti] to discuss in argument,to reply to,answer,refute; as <i>pati°</i> at Vin.II,1; D.I,93 (vacane),94; Dh.I,263; J.VI,82,294.(Page 397),11,1
  9757. 353575,en,15,patimareti,paṭimāreti,Paṭimāreti,Paṭimāreti,[paṭi+Caus.of <em>mṛ</em>] to kill in revenge J.III,135.(Page 398),10,1
  9758. 353583,en,15,patimasati,paṭimasati,Paṭimasati,Paṭimasati,[paṭi+masati of <em>mṛś</em>,cp.paṭimaṃsa] to touch (at) D.I,106; Sn.p.108 (anumasati+).-- Caus.<i>paṭimāseti</i> (q.v.).(Page 397),10,1
  9759. 353588,en,15,patimaseti,paṭimāseti,Paṭimāseti,Paṭimāseti,[Caus.of patimasati] to hold on to,to restrain,keep under control; imper.paṭimāse (for °māsaya) Dh.379 (opp.codaya; expl<sup>d</sup> by °parivīmaṃse “watch” DhA.IV,117).(Page 398),10,1
  9760. 353606,en,15,patimokkha,paṭimokkha,Paṭimokkha,Paṭimokkha,[fr.paṭi+<em>muc</em>] 1.a sort of remedy,purgative D.I,12 osadhīnaṃ p.expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,98 as “khārâdīni datvā tad-anurūpo khaṇe gate tesaṃ apanayanaṃ.” Cp.Dial.26.-- 2.binding,obligatory J.V,25 (saṅgaraṃ p.a binding promise).Cp.pāṭimokkha.(Page 398),10,1
  9761. 353625,en,15,patimokkha,pātimokkha,Pātimokkha,Pātimokkha,see <i>pāṭi°</i>.(Page 452),10,1
  9762. 353626,en,15,patimokkha,pātimokkha,Pātimokkha,Pātimokkha,(pāti)° (nt.) [with Childers plausibly as paṭi+ mokkha,grd.of <em>muc</em> (Caus.mokṣ°) with lengthening of paṭi as in other grd.like pāṭidesaniya.Thus in reality the same as paṭimokkha 2 in sense of binding,obligatory,obligation,cp.J.V,25.The spelling is freq.pāti° (BB pāṭi°).The Sk.prāṭimokṣa is a wrong adaptation fr.P.pātimokkha,it should really be pratimokṣya “that which should be made binding.” An expl<sup>n</sup> of the word after the style of a popular etym.is to be found at Vism.16] a name given to a collection of various precepts contained in the Vinaya (forming the foundation of the Suttavibhaṅga,Vin vols.III &#38; IV.,ed.Oldenberg),as they were recited on Uposatha days for the purpose of confession.See Geiger,P.Lit.c.7,where literature is given; &#38; cp.Vin.Texts I.27 sq.; Franke,Dighanikāya p.66 sq.; --<i>pāṭimokkhaṃ uddisati</i> to recite the P.Vin.I,102,112,175; II,259; III,8; IV,143; Ud.51; opp.<i>°ṃ ṭhapeti</i> to suspend the (recital of the) P.Vin.II,240 sq.-- See Vin.I,65,68; II,95,240 sq.249; S.V,187; Sn.340; Dh.185,375; Nd<sup>1</sup> 365; Vism.7,11,16 sq.,36,292; DhA.III,237 (=jeṭṭhakasīla); IV,111 (id.); Sdhp.342,355,449.<i>--uddesa</i> recitation of the P.Vin.I,102; D.II,46; M.II,8; SnA 199.<i>--uddesaka</i> one who recites the P.Vin.I,115,cp.Vin.Texts I.242.<i>--ṭhapana</i> suspension of the P.Vin.II,241 sq.; A.V,70.<i>--saṃvara</i> “restraint that is binding on a recluse” (Dial.I.79),moral control under the P.Vin.IV,51; D.I,62; II,279; III,77,266,285; A.III,113,135,151; IV,140; V,71,198; It.96,118; Ud.36; Vism.16 (where expl<sup>d</sup> in detail); VbhA.323; cp.saṃvuta-pāṭimokkha (adj.) Pv IV.1<sup>32</sup>.(Page 450),10,1
  9763. 353659,en,15,patimukha,paṭimukha,Paṭimukha,Paṭimukha,(adj.) [paṭi+mukha] facing,opposite; nt.°ṃ adv.opposite SnA 399 (gacchati).(Page 398),9,1
  9764. 353681,en,15,patimukka,paṭimukka,Paṭimukka,Paṭimukka,(adj.) [pp.of paṭimuñcati; cp.also paṭimutta &#38; ummukka,see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 197] fastened on,tied to,wound round,clothed in S.IV,91; M.I,383; It.56; Th.2,500 (? v.l.paripuṇṇa,cp.ThA.290); J.I,384; VI,64; Miln.390; DhA.I,394 (sīse); VvA.167 (so read for °mukkha),296.(Page 398),9,1
  9765. 353727,en,15,patimuncati,paṭimuñcati,Paṭimuñcati,Paṭimuñcati,[paṭi+<em>muc</em>] 1.to fasten,to bind (in lit.as well as appl<sup>d</sup> sense),to tie,put on Vin.I,46; S.I,24 (veraṃ °muñcati for °muccati!); J.I,384; II,22,88,197; IV,380 (ger.°mucca,v.l.°muñca),395; V,25 (attain),49; VI,525; DhA.III,295.-- Pass.paṭimuccati to be fastened,aor.°mucci J.III,239; VI,176.-- 2.to attain,obtain,find J.IV,285=VI,148.(Page 398),11,1
  9766. 353751,en,15,patimutta,paṭimutta,Paṭimutta,Paṭimutta,<i> ( &#38; Paṭimuttaka)</i> (adj.) [pp.of paṭimuñcati,cp.paṭimukka] in sup° well purified,cleansed,pure J.IV,18 (°kambu=paṭimutta-suvaṇṇ’ālaṅkāra C.); V,400; Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup> (°ka-suṭṭhu paṭimuttabhāṇin PvA.230).(Page 398),9,1
  9767. 353760,en,15,patin,pātin,Pātin,Pātin,(-°) (adj.) [fr.pāta] throwing,shooting,only in cpd.<i>dūre°</i> throwing far A.I,284; II,170.See akkhaṇa-vedhin.(Page 452),5,1
  9768. 353782,en,15,patinandati,paṭinandati,Paṭinandati,Paṭinandati,[paṭi+nandati] to accept gladly,to greet in return S.I,189.(Page 395),11,1
  9769. 353793,en,15,patinandita,paṭinandita,Paṭinandita,Paṭinandita,[pp.of paṭi+<em>nand</em>] rejoicing or rejoiced; greeted,welcomed Sn.452 (pati°); J.VI,14,412.(Page 395),11,1
  9770. 353808,en,15,patinasika,paṭināsikā,Paṭināsikā,Paṭināsikā,(f.) [paṭi+nāsikā] a false nose J.I,455,457.(Page 395),10,1
  9771. 353837,en,15,patineti,paṭineti,Paṭineti,Paṭineti,[paṭi+neti] to lead back to (Acc.) Vv 52<sup>17</sup>; Th.2,419; Pv.II,12<sup>21</sup> (imper.°nayāhi); PvA.145,160.(Page 395),8,1
  9772. 353850,en,15,patiniddesa,paṭiniddesa,Paṭiniddesa,Paṭiniddesa,[paṭi+niddesa] coming back upon a subject Nett 5.(Page 395),11,1
  9773. 353896,en,15,patinijjhatta,paṭinijjhatta,Paṭinijjhatta,Paṭinijjhatta,(adj.) [paṭi+nijjhatta] appeased again J.VI,414.(Page 395),13,1
  9774. 353908,en,15,patinissagga,paṭinissagga,Paṭinissagga,Paṭinissagga,[paṭi+nissagga of nissajjati,nis+<em>sṛj</em>,Cp.BSk.pratinisarga AvŚ II.118,pratiniḥsarga ib.II.194; MVastu II.549; pratinissagga MVastu III,314,322] giving up,forsaking; rejection,renunciation Vin.III,173; M.III,31; S.V,421 sq.; A.I,100,299; IV,148,350; Ps.I,194 (two p.,viz.pariccāga° and pakkhandana°); Pug.19,21,22.-- ādāna° S.V,24; A.V,233,253 sq.; upadhi° It.46,62; sabbûpadhi° S.I,136; III,133; V,226; A.I,49; V,8,110,320 sq.; °ânupassanā Ps.II,44 sq.; °ânupassin M.III,83; S.IV,211; V,329; A.IV,88,146 sq.; V,112,359.(Page 395),12,1
  9775. 353933,en,15,patinissaggin,paṭinissaggin,Paṭinissaggin,Paṭinissaggin,(adj.) [fr.paṭinissagga] giving up,renouncing,or being given up,to be renounced,only in cpd.<i>duppaṭi°</i> (sup°) hard (easy) to renounce D.III,45; M.I,96; A.III,335; V,150.(Page 395),13,1
  9776. 353973,en,15,patinissajjati,paṭinissajjati,Paṭinissajjati,Paṭinissajjati,[paṭi+nissajjati,cp.BSk.pratinisṛjati AvŚ II.190] to give up,renounce,forsake Vin.III,173 sq.; IV,294; S.II,110; A.V,191 sq.-- ger.<i>paṭinissajja</i> S.I,179; A.IV,374 sq.; Sn.745,946 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 430).-- pp.<i>paṭinissaṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 395),14,1
  9777. 354017,en,15,patinissarati,paṭinissarati,Paṭinissarati,Paṭinissarati,[paṭi+nissarati] to depart,escape from,to be freed from Nett 113 (=niyyāti vimuccati C.).(Page 395),13,1
  9778. 354024,en,15,patinissattha,paṭinissaṭṭha,Paṭinissaṭṭha,Paṭinissaṭṭha,[pp.of paṭinissajjati,BSk.pratiniḥsṛṣṭa Divy 44 and °nisṛṣṭa Divy 275] given up,forsaken (act. &#38; pass.),renouncing or having renounced Vin.III,95; IV,27,137; M.I,37; S.II,283; A.II,41; It.49; Nd<sup>1</sup> 430,431 (vanta pahīna p.); PvA.256.(Page 395),13,1
  9779. 354052,en,15,patinivasana,paṭinivāsana,Paṭinivāsana,Paṭinivāsana,(nt.) [paṭi+nivāsana<sup>1</sup>] a dress given in return Vin.I,46=II.223.(Page 395),12,1
  9780. 354079,en,15,patinivattati,paṭinivattati,Paṭinivattati,Paṭinivattati,[paṭi+nivattati] to turn back again Vin.I,216; J.I,225; Miln.120,152 (of disease),246; PvA.100,126.-- Caus.<i>°nivatteti</i> to make turn back PvA.141; C.on A.III,28 (see paccāsāreti).(Page 395),13,1
  9781. 354154,en,15,patinna,paṭiñña,Paṭiñña,Paṭiñña,(adj.) [=paṭiññā] acknowledged; making belief,quâsi-; in phrase <i>samaṇa°</i> a quâsi-Samaṇa,pretending to be a Samaṇa A.I,126; II,239; cp.Sakyaputtiya° S.II,272; sacca° J.IV,384,463; V,499.(Page 395),7,1
  9782. 354163,en,15,patinna,paṭiññā,Paṭiññā,Paṭiññā,(f.) [fr.paṭi+<i>jñā</i>; cp.later Sk.pratijñā] acknowledgment,agreement,promise,vow,consent,permission D.III,254; J.I,153; Pv IV.1<sup>12</sup>,1<sup>44</sup>; Miln.7; DhA.II,93:PvA.76,123; SnA 397,539.-patiññaṃ moceti to keep one’s promise DhA.I,93.(Page 395),7,1
  9783. 354218,en,15,patinnata,paṭiññāta,Paṭiññāta,Paṭiññāta,[pp.of paṭijānāti] agreed,acknowledged,promised Vin.II,83,102; D.I,88; A.I,99; IV,144; PvA.55.(Page 395),9,1
  9784. 354281,en,15,patipada,paṭipadā,Paṭipadā,Paṭipadā,(f.) [fr.paṭi+<em>pad</em>] means of reaching a goal or destination,path,way,means,method,mode of progress (cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 53,82,92,143),course,practice (cp.BSk.pratipad in meaning of pratipatti “line of conduct” AvŚ II.140 with note) D.I,54 (dvatti p.),249 (way to); S.II,81 (nirodhasāruppa-gāminī p.); IV,251 (bhaddikā),330 (majjhimā) V,304 (sabbattha-gāminī),361 (udaya-gāminī sotāpatti°),421; D.III,288 (ñāṇadassana-visuddhi°); A.I,113,168 (puñña°) II.76,79,152 (akkhamā); Vbh.99,104 sq.,211 sq.,229 sq.,331 sq.-- In pregnant sense The path (of the Buddha),leading to the destruction of all ill &#38; to the bliss of Nibbāna (see specified under magga,ariyamagga,sacca),thus a quâsi synonym of magga with which freq.comb<sup>d</sup> (e.g.D.I,156) Vin.I,10; D.I,157; III,219 (anuttariya); M.II,11; III,251,284; S.I,24 (daḷhā yāya dhīrā pamuccanti); A.I,295 sq.(āgālhā nijjhāmā majjhimā); Sn.714 (cp.SnA 497),921; Ps.II,147 (majjhimā); Nett 95 sq.; Pug.15,68; VvA.84 (°saṅkhāta ariyamagga).Specified in various ways as follows:āsava-nirodha-gāminī p.D.I,84; dukkha-nirodha-g°.D.I,84,189; III,136; S.V,426 sq.; A.I,177; Ps.I,86,119; Dhs.1057; lokanirodha-g° A.II,23; It.121; with the epithets sammā° anuloma° apaccanīka° anvattha° dhammânudhamma° Nd<sup>1</sup> 32,143,365; Nd<sup>2</sup> 384 etc.(see detail under sammā°).-- There are several groups of 4 paṭipadā mentioned,viz.(a) dukkhā dandhâbhiññā,sukhā &#38; khippâbhiññā dandh° &#38; khipp°,i.e.painful practice resulting in knowledge slowly acquired &#38; quickly acquired,pleasant practice resulting in the same way D.III,106; A.II,149 sq.,154; V,63; SnA 497; (b) akkhamā,khamā,damā &#38; samā p.i.e.want of endurance,endurance,self-control,equanimity.(Page 396),8,1
  9785. 354295,en,15,patipada,pāṭipada,Pāṭipada,Pāṭipada,<sup>2</sup> [fr.paṭi+<em>pad</em>,see patipajjati &#38; cp.paṭipadā] lit,“entering,beginning”; the first day of the lunar fortnight Vin.I,132; J.IV,100; VvA.72 (°sattamī).(Page 450),8,1
  9786. 354296,en,15,patipada,pāṭipada,Pāṭipada,Pāṭipada,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [the adj.form of paṭipadā] following the (right) Path M.I,354=It.80 (+sekha).(Page 450),8,1
  9787. 354334,en,15,patipadaka,paṭipādaka,Paṭipādaka,Paṭipādaka,[fr.paṭi+<em>pad</em>] the supporter (of a bed) Vin.I,48; II,208.(Page 396),10,1
  9788. 354339,en,15,patipadaka,pāṭipadaka,Pāṭipadaka,Pāṭipadaka,(adj.) [fr.pāṭipada<sup>2</sup>] belonging to the 1<sup>st</sup> day of the lunar fortnight; only with ref.to <i>bhatta</i> (food) &#38; in comb<sup>n</sup> with pakkhika &#38; uposathika,i.e.food given on the half-moon days,on the 7<sup>th</sup> day of the week &#38; on the first day of the fortnight Vin.I,58= II.175; IV,75; (f.°ikā),78.(Page 450),10,1
  9789. 354503,en,15,patipadeti,paṭipādeti,Paṭipādeti,Paṭipādeti,[Caus.of paṭipajjati,cp.BSk.pratipādayati in same meaning AvŚ I.262,315] to impart,bring into,give to,offer,present M.I,339; J.V,453,497; Pv.II,8<sup>1</sup> (vittaṃ).(Page 396),10,1
  9790. 354545,en,15,patipaharati,paṭipaharati,Paṭipaharati,Paṭipaharati,[paṭi+paharati] to strike in return DhA.I,51.(Page 396),12,1
  9791. 354555,en,15,patipahinati,paṭipahiṇati,Paṭipahiṇati,Paṭipahiṇati,[paṭi+pahinati] to send back (in return) DhA.I,216.(Page 396),12,1
  9792. 354595,en,15,patipajjana,paṭipajjana,Paṭipajjana,Paṭipajjana,(nt.) [fr.paṭipajjati] a way or plan to be followed,procedure,in <i>°vidhi</i> method,line of action PvA.131 (v.l.BB),133.(Page 395),11,1
  9793. 354672,en,15,patipajjati,paṭipajjati,Paṭipajjati,Paṭipajjati,[paṭi+<i>pad</i>,cp.BSk.pratipadyate] to enter upon (a path),to go along,follow out (a way or plan),to go by; fig.to take a line of action,to follow a method,to be intent on,to regulate one’s life D.I,70 (saṃvarāya).175 (tathattāya); S.II,98 (kantāramaggaṃ); IV,63 (dhammass’anudhammaṃ); V,346 (id.); IV,194 (maggaṃ); A.I,36 (dhammânudhammaṃ); II,4; Sn.317,323,706,815,1129 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 384); Dh.274 (maggaṃ); Pug.20 (saṃvarāya); PvA.43 (maggaṃ),44 (ummaggaṃ),196 (dhanaṃ); Sdhp.30.-- 3rd sg.aor.<i>paccāpādi</i> J.IV,314.-- ger.<i>pajjitabba</i> to be followed PvA.126 (vidhi),131 (id.),281.-- pp.<i>paṭipanna</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>paṭipādeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 395),11,1
  9794. 354742,en,15,patipakatika,paṭipākatika,Paṭipākatika,Paṭipākatika,(adj.) [paṭi+pākatika] restored,set right again,safe and sound J.III,167 (=pākatika at PvA.66); IV,407; VI,372; PvA.123,284.(Page 396),12,1
  9795. 354766,en,15,patipakkha,paṭipakkha,Paṭipakkha,Paṭipakkha,(adj.-n.) [paṭi+pakkha] opposed,opposite; (m.) an enemy,opponent (cp.pratipakṣa obstacle Divy 352) Nd<sup>1</sup> 397; J.I,4,224; Nett 3,112,124; Vism.4; DhA.I,92; SnA 12,21,65,168,234,257,545; PvA.98; DhsA.164; Sdhp.211,452.(Page 395),10,1
  9796. 354989,en,15,patipakkhika,paṭipakkhika,Paṭipakkhika,Paṭipakkhika,(adj.) [fr.paṭipakkha] opposed,inimical Sdhp.216.(Page 395),12,1
  9797. 355016,en,15,patipanameti,paṭipaṇāmeti,Paṭipaṇāmeti,Paṭipaṇāmeti,[paṭi+pa+Caus.of <em>nam</em>] to make turn back,to send back,ward off,chase away M.I,327 (siriṃ); S.IV,152 (ābādhaṃ); Miln.17 (sakaṭāni).(Page 396),12,1
  9798. 355028,en,15,patipanna,paṭipaṇṇa,Paṭipaṇṇa,Paṭipaṇṇa,(nt.) [paṭi+paṇṇa] a letter in return,a written reply J.I,409.(Page 396),9,1
  9799. 355038,en,15,patipanna,paṭipanna,Paṭipanna,Paṭipanna,[pp.of paṭipajjati] (having) followed or following up,reaching,going along or by (i.e.practising),entering on,obtaining S.II,69; IV,252; A.I,120 (arahattāya); IV,292 sq.(id.),372 sq.; It.81 (dhammânudhamma°); Sn.736; Dh.275 (maggaṃ); Vv 34<sup>23</sup> (=maggaṭṭha one who has entered the path VvA.154)=Pv IV.3<sup>49</sup>; Pug.63; Miln.17; DA.I,26; PvA.78,112 (maggaṃ),130,174 (sammā°),242; (dhammiyaṃ paṭipadaṃ); DhA.I,233 (magga° on the road,wandering).(Page 396),9,1
  9800. 355059,en,15,patipannaka,paṭipannaka,Paṭipannaka,Paṭipannaka,(adj.n.) [fr.paṭipanna] one who has entered upon the Path (ariyamagga) Pug.13 (=maggaṭṭhaka,phalatthāya paṭipannattā p.nāma PugA 186); Miln.342,344; Nett 50; DhsA.164.See also Miln.trsl.II.231,237.(Page 396),11,1
  9801. 355100,en,15,patiparivatteti,paṭiparivatteti,Paṭiparivatteti,Paṭiparivatteti,[paṭi+p.] to turn back or round once more M.I,133.(Page 396),15,1
  9802. 355108,en,15,patipasamsati,paṭipasaṃsati,Paṭipasaṃsati,Paṭipasaṃsati,[paṭi+pasaṃsati] to praise back or in return J.II,439.(Page 396),13,1
  9803. 355138,en,15,patipassambhana,paṭipassambhanā,Paṭipassambhanā,Paṭipassambhanā,(f.) &#38; <i>Paṭipassambhitatta </i>(nt.) are exegetical (philosophical) synonyms of <i>paṭippassaddhi</i> at Dhs.40,41,320.(Page 397),15,1
  9804. 355204,en,15,patipatha,paṭipatha,Paṭipatha,Paṭipatha,[paṭi+patha] a confronting road,opposite way Vin.II,193 (°ṃ gacchati to go to meet); III,131; IV,268; Miln.9; Vism.92; DhA.II,88.(Page 396),9,1
  9805. 355216,en,15,patipati,paṭipāṭi,Paṭipāṭi,Paṭipāṭi,(f.) [paṭi+pāṭi] order,succession Vin.I,248 (bhatta°); Vism.411 (khandha°); usually in Abl.<i>paṭipāṭiyā</i> adv.successively,in succession,alongside of,in order Vism.343 = J.V,253 (ghara° from house to house); ThA.80 (magga°); DhA.I,156; II,89; III,361; SnA 23,506; PvA.54; VvA.76,137.(Page 396),8,1
  9806. 355226,en,15,patipatika,paṭipāṭika,Paṭipāṭika,Paṭipāṭika,(adj.) [fr.last] being in conformity with the (right) order ThA.41.(Page 396),10,1
  9807. 355252,en,15,patipatti,paṭipatti,Paṭipatti,Paṭipatti,(f.) [fr.paṭi+<em>pad</em>] “way,” method,conduct,practice,performance,behaviour,example A.I,69; V,126 (dhammânudhamma°),136; Ps.II,15; Nd<sup>1</sup> 143; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Miln.131,242; DhA.II,30; DhA.IV,34 (sammā° good or proper behaviour); PvA.16 (parahita°),54,67; DA.I,270; Sdhp.28,29,37,40,213,521.(Page 396),9,1
  9808. 355461,en,15,patipavisati,paṭipavisati,Paṭipavisati,Paṭipavisati,[paṭi+pavisati] to go in(to) again; Caus.<i>°paveseti</i> to make go in again,to put back (inside) again Vin.I,276.-- pp.<i>paṭipaviṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 396),12,1
  9809. 355466,en,15,patipavittha,paṭipaviṭṭha,Paṭipaviṭṭha,Paṭipaviṭṭha,[pp.of paṭipavisati] gone inside again Sn.979.(Page 396),12,1
  9810. 355475,en,15,patipeseti,paṭipeseti,Paṭipeseti,Paṭipeseti,[paṭi+peseti] to send out to PvA.20.(Page 396),10,1
  9811. 355496,en,15,patipilana,paṭipīḷana,Paṭipīḷana,Paṭipīḷana,(nt.) [fr.paṭipīḷeti] oppression Miln.313,352.(Page 396),10,1
  9812. 355523,en,15,patipilita,paṭipīḷita,Paṭipīḷita,Paṭipīḷita,(adj.) [paṭi+pp.of pīḍ] pressed against,oppressed,hard pressed Miln.262,354.(Page 396),10,1
  9813. 355535,en,15,patipimsati,paṭipiṃsati,Paṭipiṃsati,Paṭipiṃsati,[paṭi+piṃsati] to beat against S.II,98 (ure); J.VI,87; Vism.504 (urāni).(Page 396),11,1
  9814. 355541,en,15,patipinda,paṭipiṇḍa,Paṭipiṇḍa,Paṭipiṇḍa,[paṭi+piṇḍa] alms in return J.II,307; V,390 (piṇḍa° giving &#38; taking of alms); Miln.370.(Page 396),9,1
  9815. 355566,en,15,patipita,paṭipīta,Paṭipīta,Paṭipīta,in asuci° at A.III,226 is not clear (v.l.°pīḷita perhaps to be preferred).(Page 396),8,1
  9816. 355584,en,15,patippanameti,paṭippaṇāmeti,Paṭippaṇāmeti,Paṭippaṇāmeti,[paṭi+paṇāmeti] to bend (back),stretch out DhsA.324.(Page 396),13,1
  9817. 355599,en,15,patippassaddha,paṭippassaddha,Paṭippassaddha,Paṭippassaddha,[pp.of paṭippassambhati] allayed,calmed,quieted,subsided S.IV,217,294; V,272; A.I,254; II,41; J.III,37,148; IV,430; Ps.II,2; Pug.27; KhA 185; PvA.23,245,274.Note.The BSk.form is pratiprasrabdha Divy 265.(Page 396),14,1
  9818. 355653,en,15,patippassaddhi,paṭippassaddhi,Paṭippassaddhi,Paṭippassaddhi,(f.) [fr.paṭippassaddha] subsidence,calming,allaying,quieting down,repose,complete ease Vin.I,331 (kammassa suppression of an act); Ps.II,3,71,180; Nett 89; Dhs.40,41,320; SnA 9.Esp.frequent in the Niddesas in stock phrase expressing the complete calm attained to in emancipation,viz.vūpasama paṭinissagga p.amata nibbāna,e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> 429.(Page 396),14,1
  9819. 355752,en,15,patippassambhati,paṭippassambhati,Paṭippassambhati,Paṭippassambhati,[paṭi+ppa+sambhati of <em>śrambh</em>.Note however that the BSk.is °praśrambhyati as well as °srambhyati,e.g.MVastu I.253,254; Divy 68,138,494,549,568] to subside,to be eased,calmed,or abated,to pass away,to be allayed S.I,211; V,51; aor.°ssambhi DhA.II,86 (dohaḷo); IV,133 (ābādho).-- pp.<i>paṭippassaddha</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>paṭippassambheti</i> to quiet down,hush up,suppress,bring to a standstill,put to rest,appease Vin.I,49 (kammaṃ),144 (id.),331 (id.); II,5 (id.),226 (id.); M.I,76; J.III,28 (dohaḷaṃ).(Page 397),16,1
  9820. 355815,en,15,patippharati,paṭippharati,Paṭippharati,Paṭippharati,[paṭi+pharati] to effulge,shine forth,stream out,emit,fig.splurt out,bring against,object M.I,95 sq.; A.IV,193 (codakaṃ); J.I,123,163; Nd<sup>1</sup> 196 (vādaṃ start a word-fight); Miln.372; DhA.IV,4 (vacanaṃ).(Page 397),12,1
  9821. 355845,en,15,patipuccha,paṭipucchā,Paṭipucchā,Paṭipucchā,(f.) [paṭi+pucchā] a question in return,inquiry; only °- (as Abl.) by question,by inquiry,by means of question &#38; answer in foll.cpds.:°karaṇīya Vin.I,325; °vinīta A.I,72; °vyākaraṇīya (pañha) D.III,229.(Page 396),10,1
  9822. 355881,en,15,patipucchati,paṭipucchati,Paṭipucchati,Paṭipucchati,[paṭi+pucchati] to ask (in return),to put a question to,to inquire D.I,60; M.I,27; S.III,2; Sn.p.92; J.I,170; IV,194; PvA.32,56,81; A.I,197; II,46; also neg.appaṭipucchā (Abl.adv.) without inquiry Vin.I,325.(Page 396),12,1
  9823. 355936,en,15,patipuggala,paṭipuggala,Paṭipuggala,Paṭipuggala,[paṭi+puggala] a person equal to another,compeer,match,rival M.I,171=Miln.235; S.I,158; Sn.544; It.123 (natthi te paṭipuggala).-- appaṭipuggala without a rival,unrivalled,without compare S.I,158; III,86; Th.2,185; J.I,40; Miln.239 (cp.Miln.trsl.II.43).(Page 396),11,1
  9824. 355940,en,15,patipuggalika,paṭipuggalika,Paṭipuggalika,Paṭipuggalika,(adj.) [fr.paṭipuggala] belonging to one’s equal,individual Dhs.1044.Perhaps read pāṭi° (q.v.).(Page 396),13,1
  9825. 355944,en,15,patipuggalika,pāṭipuggalika,Pāṭipuggalika,Pāṭipuggalika,(adj.) [fr.paṭipuggala] belonging to one’s equal M.III,254 sq.(dakkhiṇā).(Page 450),13,1
  9826. 355951,en,15,patipujana,paṭipūjana,Paṭipūjana,Paṭipūjana,(nt.) or °ā (f.) [fr.paṭi+pūj] worship,reverence,honour Miln.241.(Page 396),10,1
  9827. 355980,en,15,patipujeti,paṭipūjeti,Paṭipūjeti,Paṭipūjeti,[paṭi+pūjeti] to honour,worship,revere Sn.128; Pv.I,1<sup>3</sup>; Miln.241.(Page 396),10,1
  9828. 356006,en,15,patipurisa,paṭipurisa,Paṭipurisa,Paṭipurisa,[paṭi+purisa] a rival,opponent Nd<sup>1</sup> 172.(Page 396),10,1
  9829. 356019,en,15,patiraja,paṭirājā,Paṭirājā,Paṭirājā,[paṭi+rājā] hostile king,royal adversary J.VI,472; DhA.I,193.(Page 398),8,1
  9830. 356037,en,15,patirava,paṭirava,Paṭirava,Paṭirava,[paṭi+rava] shouting out,roar Dāvs.IV,52.(Page 398),8,1
  9831. 356049,en,15,patirodana,paṭirodana,Paṭirodana,Paṭirodana,(nt.) [paṭi+rodana] replying through crying J.III,80.(Page 398),10,1
  9832. 356056,en,15,patirodati,paṭirodati,Paṭirodati,Paṭirodati,[paṭi+rodati of <em>rud</em>] to cry in return,to reply by crying J.III,80; pp.<i>paṭirodita=paṭirodana</i>.(Page 398),10,1
  9833. 356059,en,15,patirodeti,paṭirodeti,Paṭirodeti,Paṭirodeti,[paṭi+Caus.of <em>rud</em>] to scold back S.I,162.(Page 398),10,1
  9834. 356064,en,15,patirosati,paṭirosati,Paṭirosati,Paṭirosati,[paṭi+rosati] to annoy in return,to tease back S.I,162; A.II,215; Nd<sup>1</sup> 397.(Page 398),10,1
  9835. 356074,en,15,patiruddha,paṭiruddha,Paṭiruddha,Paṭiruddha,[pp.paṭi+<em>rudh</em>] obstructed,hindered,held back,caged J.IV,4 (oruddha-paṭiruddha sic.).(Page 398),10,1
  9836. 356086,en,15,patirupa,paṭirūpa,Paṭirūpa,Paṭirūpa,(adj.) [paṭi+rūpa] fit,proper,suitable,befitting,seeming D.I,91; Vin.II,166 (seyyā); M.I,123; S.I,214; II,194 (ap°); Th.2,341; Pv.II,12<sup>15</sup>; J.V,99; Pug.27; DhA.III,142; PvA.26,122 (=yutta),124.<i>--°desavāsa</i> living in a suitable region D.III,276=A.II,32; Nett 29,50.-- Spelt <i>pati°</i> at Dh.158; Sn.89,187,667; SnA 390.Cp.pāṭirūpika.(Page 398),8,1
  9837. 356123,en,15,patirupaka,paṭirūpaka,Paṭirūpaka,Paṭirūpaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.paṭirūpa] like,resembling,disguised as,in the appearance of,having the form of S.I,230; DhA.I,29 (putta°); PvA.15 (samaṇa°).As pati° at SnA 302,348,390.-- nt.an optical delusion DhA.III,56.(Page 398),10,1
  9838. 356163,en,15,patirupata,paṭirūpatā,Paṭirūpatā,Paṭirūpatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.paṭirūpa] likeness,semblance,appearance,pretence PvA.268 (=vaṇṇa).(Page 398),10,1
  9839. 356178,en,15,patirupika,pāṭirūpika,Pāṭirūpika,Pāṭirūpika,(adj.) [fr.paṭirūpa,cp.paṭirūpaka] assuming a disguise,deceitful,false Sn.246.(Page 450),10,1
  9840. 356191,en,15,patisakkati,paṭisakkati,Paṭisakkati,Paṭisakkati,[paṭi+sakkati] to run back Vin.II,195; A.IV,190.(Page 400),11,1
  9841. 356204,en,15,patisallana,paṭisallāna,Paṭisallāna,Paṭisallāna,( &#38; °āṇa,e.g.S.V,320) (nt.) [for *paṭisallayana,fr.paṭi+saṃ+ <i>lī</i>,cp.paṭilīna &#38; paṭilīyati,also BSk.pratisaṃlayana Divy 156,194,494] retirement for the purpose of meditation,solitude,privacy,seclusion D.III,252; M.I,526; S.I,77; III,15; IV,80,144; V,12,398,414; A.II,51,176; III,86 sq.,116 sq.,195; IV,15,36,88; V,166,168; Sn.69 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.); J.II,77 (pati°); Vbh.244,252; Miln.138,412.<br><br> <i>--ārāma</i> fond(ness) of solitude or seclusion (also °rata) A.III,261 sq.; It.39; Nd<sup>2</sup> 433.<i>--sāruppa</i> very suitable for seclusion Vism.90.(Page 401),11,1
  9842. 356265,en,15,patisallina,paṭisallīna,Paṭisallīna,Paṭisallīna,[pp.of paṭisalliyati; cp.BSk.pratisaṃlīna Divy 196,291.] secluded,retired,gone into solitude,abstracted,plunged in meditation,separated Vin.I,101 (rahogata+); D.I,134,151; S.I,71,146 sq.(divāvihāragata+),225; II,74 (rahogata+); IV,80,90,144; V,415; A.II,20; SnA 346 (pati°); J.I,349; Miln.10,138 sq.; VvA.3; DA.I,309 (pati°).(Page 401),11,1
  9843. 356279,en,15,patisalliyati,paṭisalliyati,Paṭisalliyati,Paṭisalliyati,(°līyati) [fr.paṭi+saṃ+ <em>lī</em>,cp.paṭilīyati] to be in seclusion (for the purpose of meditation) Vin.III,39 (inf.°salliyituṃ); D.II,237; S.V,12 (id.),320,325; Miln.139.-- pp.<i>paṭisallīna</i> (q.v.).(Page 401),13,1
  9844. 356307,en,15,patisama,paṭisama,Paṭisama,Paṭisama,(adj.) [paṭi+sama] equal,forming,a counterpart Miln.205 (rāja°); neg.<i>appaṭisama</i> not having one’s equal,incomparable J.I,94; Miln.331.(Page 400),8,1
  9845. 356344,en,15,patisambhida,paṭisambhidā,Paṭisambhidā,Paṭisambhidā,(f.) [paṭi+saṃ+<em>bhid</em>; the BSk.pratisaṃvid is a new formation resting on confusion between <em>bhid</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>vid</em>,favoured by use &#38; meaning of latter root in P.paṭisaṃvidita.In BSk.we find pratisaṃvid in same application as in P.,viz.as fourfold artha° dharma° nirukti° pratibhāna° (?).MVastu III,321] lit.“resolving continuous breaking up,” i.e.analysis,analytic insight,discriminating knowledge.See full discussion &#38; expl<sup>n</sup> of term at Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup> 377--382.Always referred to as “the four branches of logical analysis” (catasso or catupaṭisambhidā),viz.<i>attha°</i> analysis of meanings “in extension”; <i>dhamma°</i> of reasons,conditions,or causal relations; <i>nirutti°</i> of [meanings “in intension” as given in] definitions paṭibhāna° or intellect to which things knowable by the foregoing processes are presented (after Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup>).In detail at A.II,160; III,113.120; Ps.I,88,119; II,150,157,185,193; Vbh.293--305; VbhA.386 sq.(cp.Vism.440 sq.),391 sq.-- See further A.I,22; IV,31; Nd<sup>2</sup> 386 under paṭibhānavant; Ps.I,84.132,134; II,32,56,116,189; Miln.22 (attha-dh°nirutti-paṭibhāna-pāramippatta),359; VvA.2; DhA.IV,70 (catūsu p-° āsu cheka).<i>p°-patta</i> one who has attained mastership in analysis A.I,24; III,120; Ps.II,202.-- Often included in the attainment of Arahant‹-› ship,in formula “saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpunāti,” viz.Miln.18; DhA.II,58,78,93.(Page 400),12,1
  9846. 356470,en,15,patisameti,paṭisāmeti,Paṭisāmeti,Paṭisāmeti,[paṭi+Caus.of <em>śam</em>,samati to make ready; cp.BSk.pratiśāmayati Divy passim] to set in order,arrange,get ready Vin.II,113,211,216; M.I,456; J.III,72; Miln.15 (pattacīvaraṃ); VvA.118 (v.l.°yāpeti),157 (v.l.°nameti).(Page 401),10,1
  9847. 356495,en,15,patisamharana,paṭisaṃharaṇa,Paṭisaṃharaṇa,Paṭisaṃharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.paṭisaṃharati] removing Nett 27,41.(Page 400),13,1
  9848. 356507,en,15,patisamharati,paṭisaṃharati,Paṭisaṃharati,Paṭisaṃharati,[paṭi+saṃ+<em>hṛ</em>,cp.BSk.pratisaṃharati MVastu I.82] to draw back,withdraw,remove,take away,give up Vin.II,185 (sakavaṇṇaṃ); D.I,96; S.V,156; PvA.92 (devarūpaṃ).(Page 400),13,1
  9849. 356540,en,15,patisamita,paṭisāmita,Paṭisāmita,Paṭisāmita,[pp.of paṭisāmeti] arranged,got ready Vism.91.(Page 401),10,1
  9850. 356569,en,15,patisammajjati,paṭisammajjati,Paṭisammajjati,Paṭisammajjati,[paṭi+sammajjati] to sweep over again Miln.15.(Page 401),14,1
  9851. 356601,en,15,patisammodeti,paṭisammodeti,Paṭisammodeti,Paṭisammodeti,[paṭi+saṃ+Caus.of <em>mud</em>] to greet friendly in return J.VI,224 (=sammodanīya-kathāya paṭikatheti C.).(Page 401),13,1
  9852. 356661,en,15,patisamvedeti,paṭisaṃvedeti,Paṭisaṃvedeti,Paṭisaṃvedeti,[paṭi+saṃ+vedeti,Caus.of <em>vid</em>] to feel,experience,undergo,perceive D.I,43,45; A.I,157 (domanassaṃ); IV,406 (id.); Pug.59; PvA.192 (mahādukkhaṃ).There is also a by-form,viz.<i>paṭisaṃvediyati</i> S.II,18,75,256 (attabhāva-paṭilābhaṃ); It.38 (sukkha-dukkhaṃ; v.l.°vedeti).(Page 400),13,1
  9853. 356693,en,15,patisamvedin,paṭisaṃvedin,Paṭisaṃvedin,Paṭisaṃvedin,(adj.) [fr.paṭisaṃvedeti; BSk.pratisaṃvedin Divy 567] experiencing,feeling,enjoying or suffering M.I,56; S.I,196; II,122; IV,41; V,310 sq.; A.I,164 (sukhadukkha°); IV,303 (id.); V,35 (id.); It.99; Ps.I,95,114 (evaṃsukhadukkha°),184,186 sq.; Pug.57,58.(Page 400),12,1
  9854. 356733,en,15,patisamvidita,paṭisaṃvidita,Paṭisaṃvidita,Paṭisaṃvidita,[pp.of paṭi+saṃ+<em>vid</em><i>;</i> same (prati) at MVastu III,256] apperceived,known,recognised,in phrase “pubbe appaṭisaṃvidita pañho” S.II,54.(Page 400),13,1
  9855. 356750,en,15,patisamyamati,paṭisaṃyamati,Paṭisaṃyamati,Paṭisaṃyamati,[paṭi+saṃyamati] to restrain,to exercise self-control J.IV,396.(Page 400),13,1
  9856. 356758,en,15,patisamyujati,paṭisaṃyujati,Paṭisaṃyujati,Paṭisaṃyujati,[paṭi+saṃ+<em>yuj</em>] to connect with,fig.to start,begin (vādaṃ a discussion or argument) S.I,221 (bālena paṭisaṃyuje=paṭipphareyya C.; “engage himself to bandy with a fool” K.S.284); Sn.843 (vādaṃ p.= paṭipphareyya kalahaṃ kareyya Nd<sup>1</sup> 196).-- pp.paṭisaṃyutta (q.v.).(Page 400),13,1
  9857. 356773,en,15,patisamyutta,paṭisaṃyutta,Paṭisaṃyutta,Paṭisaṃyutta,[pp.of paṭisaṃyujati] connected with,coupled,belonging to Vin.IV,6; S.I,210 (nibbāna °dhammikathā); Th.1,598; It.73; VvA.6,87; PvA.12.(Page 400),12,1
  9858. 356800,en,15,patisancikkhati,paṭisañcikkhati,Paṭisañcikkhati,Paṭisañcikkhati,[paṭi+saṃ+cikkhati of <em>khyā</em>; cp.paṭisaṅkhāti &#38; BSk.pratisañcikṣati MVastu II.314] to think over,to discriminate,consider,reflect Vin.I,5; D.I,63; M.I,267,499; III,33; S.I,137; A.I,205; Pug.25; Vism.283.(Page 400),15,1
  9859. 356829,en,15,patisandahati,paṭisandahati,Paṭisandahati,Paṭisandahati,[paṭi+sandahati] to undergo reunion (see next) Miln.32.(Page 400),13,1
  9860. 356875,en,15,patisandhi,paṭisandhi,Paṭisandhi,Paṭisandhi,[fr.paṭi+saṃ+<em>dhā</em>] reunion (of vital principle with a body),reincarnation,metempsychosis Ps.I,11 sq.,52,59 sq.; II,72 sq.; Nett 79,80; Miln.140; DhA.II,85; VvA.53; PvA.8,79,136,168.A detailed discussion of p.is to be found at VbhA.155--160.-- <i>appaṭisandhika</i> see sep.(Page 400),10,1
  9861. 357121,en,15,patisanjivita,paṭisañjīvita,Paṭisañjīvita,Paṭisañjīvita,[pp.of paṭi+saṃ+<em>jīv</em>] revived,resurrected M.I,333.(Page 400),13,1
  9862. 357131,en,15,patisankha,paṭisaṅkhā,Paṭisaṅkhā,Paṭisaṅkhā,(f.) [paṭi+saṅkhā of <em>khyā</em>] reflection,judgment,consideration Vin.I,213; S.IV,104 (°yoniso); Ps.I,33,45,57,60,64; Pug.25,57; Dhs.1349.<i>appaṭisaṅkhā</i> (see also °saṅkhāti) want of judgment,inconsideration Ps.I,33,45; Dhs.1346=Pug.21.-- Note.In comb<sup>n</sup> <i>paṭisaṅkhā yoniso</i> “carefully,with proper care or intention” p.is to be taken as ger.of paṭisaṅkhāti (q.v.).This connection is frequent,e.g.S.IV,104; A.II,40; Nd<sup>1</sup> 496; Nd<sup>2</sup> 540.(Page 400),10,1
  9863. 357145,en,15,patisankhana,paṭisaṅkhāna,Paṭisaṅkhāna,Paṭisaṅkhāna,(nt.) [fr.paṭisaṅkhāti] carefulness,mindfulness,consideration J.I,502; VvA.327; DhsA.402 (°paññā); Sdhp.397.<i>--°bala</i> power of computation A.I,52,94; II,142; D.III,213,244; Ps.II,169,176; Dhs.1354 (cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 354); Nett 15,16,38.(Page 400),12,1
  9864. 357249,en,15,patisankharika,paṭisaṅkhārika,Paṭisaṅkhārika,Paṭisaṅkhārika, &#38; <i>Paṭisaṅkhāri</i>ya (adj.) [fr.paṭisaṅkharoti] serving for repair Vin.III,43 (dārūni); PvA.141 (id.; °ya).(Page 400),14,1
  9865. 357277,en,15,patisankharoti,paṭisaṅkharoti,Paṭisaṅkharoti,Paṭisaṅkharoti,[paṭi+saṃ+<em>kṛ</em>] to restore,repair,mend Vin.II,160; A.II,249; J.III,159 (nagaraṃ).Caus.II.<i>paṭisaṅkhārāpeti</i> to cause to repair or build up again M.III,7; J.VI,390 (gehāni).(Page 400),14,1
  9866. 357298,en,15,patisankhati,paṭisaṅkhāti,Paṭisaṅkhāti,Paṭisaṅkhāti,[paṭi+saṃ+<em>khyā</em>] to be careful,to think over,reflect,discriminate,consider; only in ger.<i>paṭisaṅkhā</i> (as adv.) carefully,intently,with discrimination Vin.I,213; M.I,273; III,2; J.I,304; Nd<sup>2</sup> 540; Pug.25; cp.paṭisaṅkhā (+yoniso); also ger.<i>paṭisaṅkhāya</i> Sddp 394.-- Opp.<i>appaṭisaṅkhā</i> inconsiderately,in phrase sahasā app° rashly &#38; without a thought M.I,94; S.II,110,219.-- Cp.<i>paṭisañcikkhati</i>.(Page 400),12,1
  9867. 357315,en,15,patisankhayanto,paṭisaṅkhayanto,Paṭisaṅkhayanto,Paṭisaṅkhayanto,is ppr.of paṭi+saṃ+<em>kṣi</em>,to be pacified Th.1,371.(Page 400),15,1
  9868. 357332,en,15,patisanthara,paṭisanthāra,Paṭisanthāra,Paṭisanthāra,[fr.paṭi+saṃ+<em>stṛ</em>] lit.spreading before,i.e.friendly welcome,kind reception,honour,goodwill,favour,friendship D.III,213,244; A.I,93; III,303 sq.; IV,28,120; V,166,168 (°aka adj.one who welcomes); J.II,57; Dh.376 (expl<sup>d</sup> as āmisa° and dhamma° at DhA.IV,111,see also DhsA.397 sq. &#38; Dhs.trsl.350); Dhs.1344; Vbh.360; Miln.409.paṭisanthāraṃ karoti to make friends,to receive friendly PvA.12,44,141,187.(Page 400),12,1
  9869. 357367,en,15,patisantharati,paṭisantharati,Paṭisantharati,Paṭisantharati,[paṭi+saṃ+tharati of <em>stṛ</em>] to receive kindly,to welcome,Miln.409; DhsA.397Q ger.°santhāya J.VI,351.-- pp.<i>paṭisanthata</i> (q.v.).(Page 400),14,1
  9870. 357385,en,15,patisanthata,paṭisanthata,Paṭisanthata,Paṭisanthata,[pp.of paṭisantharati] kindly received (covered,concealed? C.) J.VI,23 (=paṭicchāditaṃ guttaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ vā C.).(Page 400),12,1
  9871. 357389,en,15,patisara,paṭisāra,Paṭisāra,Paṭisāra,[paṭi+<em> smṛ</em>] see vi°.(Page 401),8,1
  9872. 357408,en,15,patisarana,paṭisaraṇa,Paṭisaraṇa,Paṭisaraṇa,(nt.) [paṭi+saraṇa<sup>1</sup>] refuge in (-°),shelter,help,protection M.I,295 (mano as p.of the other 5 senses); III,9; S.IV,221; V,218; A.I,199 (Bhagavaṃ°); II,148 (sa° able to be restored); III,186 (kamma°); IV,158,351; V,355; J.I,213; VI,398.-- <i>appaṭisaraṇa</i> (adj.) without shelter,unprotected Vin.II,153 (so read for appaṭiss°).-- Note.In meaning “restoration” the derivation is prob.fr paṭi+<em>sṛ</em> to move (Sk.saraṇa and not saraṇa protection).Cp.paṭisāraṇiya.(Page 401),10,1
  9873. 357413,en,15,patisarana,paṭisārana,Paṭisārana,Paṭisārana,(nt.) [fr.paṭi+sāreti] act of protection,expiation,atonement Miln.344 (in law); appl<sup>d</sup>.(Page 401),10,1
  9874. 357425,en,15,patisaraniya,paṭisāraṇiya,Paṭisāraṇiya,Paṭisāraṇiya,(adj.nt.) [a grd.formation fr.paṭi+sāreti,Caus.of <i>sṛ</i> to move] only as t.t.in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>kamma</i> (official act,chapter),i.e.a formal proceeding by which a bhikkhu expiates an offence which he has committed against someone,reconciliation (cp.Vin.Texts II.364) Vin.I,49 (one of the 5 Saṅgha-kammas,viz.tajjaniya°,nissaya°,pabbājaniya°,p.°,ukkhepaniya°),143 (id.),326; II,15--20,295; A.I,99; IV,346; DhA.II,75.(Page 401),12,1
  9875. 357443,en,15,patisarati,paṭisarati,Paṭisarati,Paṭisarati,<sup>2</sup> [paṭi+<em>smṛ</em>] to think back upon,to mention DA.I,267.(Page 401),10,1
  9876. 357444,en,15,patisarati,paṭisarati,Paṭisarati,Paṭisarati,<sup>1</sup> [paṭi+<em>sṛ</em>] to run back,stay back,lag behind Sn.8 sq.(opp.atisarati; aor.paccasāri expl<sup>d</sup> by ohiyyi SnA 21).(Page 401),10,1
  9877. 357456,en,15,patisarin,paṭisārin,Paṭisārin,Paṭisārin,(adj.) [fr.paṭi+<em>sṛ</em>,cp.paṭisāraniya &#38; paṭisaraṇa Note] falling back upon,going back to,trusting in,leaning on (-°) D.I,99 (gotta°); S.I,153 (id.); II,284 (id.).(Page 401),9,1
  9878. 357465,en,15,patisasana,paṭisāsana,Paṭisāsana,Paṭisāsana,(nt.) [paṭi+sāsana] counter-message,reply DhA.I,392.(Page 401),10,1
  9879. 357475,en,15,patisatena,paṭisatena,Paṭisatena,Paṭisatena,(adv.) [paṭi+Instr.of sataṃ] by the hundred,i.e.in front of a hundred (people) Vin.I,269.(Page 400),10,1
  9880. 357479,en,15,patisatheyya,paṭisāṭheyya,Paṭisāṭheyya,Paṭisāṭheyya,(nt.) [paṭi+sāṭheyya] a deceit in return (cp.paṭikūṭa) J.II,183.(Page 401),12,1
  9881. 357485,en,15,patisattu,paṭisattu,Paṭisattu,Paṭisattu,[paṭi+sattu] an enemy (in retaliation) J.II,406; Nd<sup>1</sup> 172,173; Miln.293.(Page 400),9,1
  9882. 357508,en,15,patisayati,paṭisāyati,Paṭisāyati,Paṭisāyati,[paṭi+sāyati] to taste,eat,partake of food Vin.II,177.(Page 401),10,1
  9883. 357519,en,15,patisedha,paṭisedha,Paṭisedha,Paṭisedha,[fr.paṭi+<em>sidh<sup> 1</sup></em>,sedhati drive off] warding off,prohibition Miln.314 (“resubjugation”); SnA 402 (with ref.to part “na”); KhA 170 (id.); PvA.11 (°nipāta=“mā”); VvA.224.(Page 401),9,1
  9884. 357540,en,15,patisedhaka,paṭisedhaka,Paṭisedhaka,Paṭisedhaka,(adj.n.) [fr.paṭisedha] warding off,one who prevents or puts a stop to S.I,221; Miln.344.(Page 401),11,1
  9885. 357549,en,15,patisedhana,paṭisedhana,Paṭisedhana,Paṭisedhana,(nt.) [cp.paṭisedha] warding off,refusal,prohibition,stopping S.I,221,223; PvA.11,25; Sdhp.397.(Page 401),11,1
  9886. 357567,en,15,patisedhati,paṭisedhati,Paṭisedhati,Paṭisedhati, &#38; (Caus.) Paṭisedheti [paṭi+sedhati] to ward off,prohibit,prevent,refuse S.IV,341; PvA.11.(Page 401),11,1
  9887. 357623,en,15,patisedhitar,paṭisedhitar,Paṭisedhitar,Paṭisedhitar,[n.ag.fr.paṭisedhati] one who prohibits or refuses J.II,123.=V.91.(Page 401),12,1
  9888. 357633,en,15,patisena,paṭisena,Paṭisena,Paṭisena,[paṭi+sena,of either <em>sī</em> or <em>śri</em>,cp.usseneti] repulsion,opposition,enmity,retaliation; only in comp<sup>n</sup> with <i>kṛ</i> as <i>°senikaroti</i> to make opposition,to oppose,retaliate Sn.932,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 397; <i>--°senikattar</i> (n.ag.),one who repulses,fighter,retaliator,arguer Sn.832,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 173.(Page 401),8,1
  9889. 357645,en,15,patiseneti,paṭiseneti,Paṭiseneti,Paṭiseneti,[paṭi+seneti,see usseneti] to repel,push away,be inimical towards,retaliate (opp.usseneti) A.II,215 (paṭisseneti); Sn.390 (°seniyati).(Page 401),10,1
  9890. 357661,en,15,patisettha,paṭiseṭṭha,Paṭiseṭṭha,Paṭiseṭṭha,(adj.) [paṭi+seṭṭha] having a superior; neg.<i>app°</i> incomparable,unsurpassed Miln.357 (appaṭibhāga+).(Page 401),10,1
  9891. 357677,en,15,patisevana,paṭisevana,Paṭisevana,Paṭisevana,(nt.) [fr.paṭisevati] going after,indulging in,practice M.I,10.(Page 401),10,1
  9892. 357715,en,15,patisevati,paṭisevati,Paṭisevati,Paṭisevati,[paṭi+sevati,cp.BSk.pratisevate Divy 258 in same meaning] to follow,pursue,indulge in (Acc.),practise Vin.II,296 (methunaṃ dhammaṃ); M.I,10; A.II,54 (methunaṃ); J.I,437; VI,73,505; Dh.67; Nd<sup>1</sup> 496; Pug.62; Miln.224; DhA.II,40; PvA.130; Sdhp.396.‹-› Note.<i>paṭisevati</i> is spelt <i>pati°</i> at Dh.67,68; J.III,275,278.(Page 401),10,1
  9893. 357758,en,15,patisevitar,paṭisevitar,Paṭisevitar,Paṭisevitar,[n.ag.of paṭisevati] one who practises,pursues or indulges in (Acc.) A.III,143 sq.(bhesajjaṃ).(Page 401),11,1
  9894. 357780,en,15,patisibbita,paṭisibbita,Paṭisibbita,Paṭisibbita,[pp.of paṭi+sibbati] sewn,embroidered VvA.167 (pati°).(Page 401),11,1
  9895. 357791,en,15,patisisaka,paṭisīsaka,Paṭisīsaka,Paṭisīsaka,[paṭi+sīsaka] a false top-knot,“chignon” (?) J.II,197 (°ṃ paṭimuñcitvā); V,49 (id.); Miln.90 (muṇḍaka°).(Page 401),10,1
  9896. 357826,en,15,patisotam,paṭisotaṃ,Paṭisotaṃ,Paṭisotaṃ,(adv.) [paṭi+sotaṃ,Acc.of sota] against the stream (opp.anusotaṃ) It.114; J.I,70; PvA.154.‹-› paṭisotagāmin going against the stream,toiling,doing hard work S.I,136; A.II,6 (opp.anu°),214 sq.(Page 401),9,1
  9897. 357835,en,15,patissa,paṭissā,Paṭissā,Paṭissā, &#38; Patissā (f.) [paṭi+<em> śru</em>,cp.paṭissuṇāti &#38; paṭissāvin; in BSk.we find pratīsā which if legitimate would refer the word to a basis different than <em>śru</em>.The form occurs in cpd.sapratīśa respectful Divy; also MVastu I.516; II,258; besides as sapratisa MVastu III,345] deference,obedience,only in cpd.<i>sappaṭissa</i> (q.v.) obedient,deferential It.10 (sappatissa); Vv 84<sup>41</sup> (cp.VvA.347), &#38; <i>appaṭissa</i> disobedient,not attached to S.I,139; II,224 sq.; A.II,20; III,7,247,439; J.II,352 (°vāsa anarchy; reading t); PvA.89.(Page 402),7,1
  9898. 357846,en,15,patissata,paṭissata,Paṭissata,Paṭissata,[paṭi+sata,pp.of <em>smṛ</em>] recollecting,thoughtful,mindful,minding Sn.283=Miln.411; Dh.144 (t); Vv 21<sup>10</sup>; and with spelling <i>pati°</i> at S.III,143; IV,74,322,351; A.III,24; It.10,21,81; Sn.283,413.(Page 401),9,1
  9899. 357855,en,15,patissata,patissata,Patissata,Patissata,see paṭi°.(Page 406),9,1
  9900. 357864,en,15,patissati,paṭissati,Paṭissati,Paṭissati,(f.) [paṭi+sati of <em>smṛ</em>] mindfulness,remembrance,memory M.I,36 sq.; Dhs.23; Pug.25.app° lapse of memory Dhs.1349.(Page 401),9,1
  9901. 357869,en,15,patissatika,paṭissatika,Paṭissatika,Paṭissatika,(adj.) [fr.paṭissati] mindful,thoughtful Th.1,42.(Page 402),11,1
  9902. 357878,en,15,patissava,paṭissava,Paṭissava,Paṭissava,[fr.paṭi+<em>śru</em>] assent,promise,obedience J.VI,220; VvA.351 (cp.paṭissaya VvA.347).(Page 402),9,1
  9903. 357908,en,15,patissavata,paṭissavatā,Paṭissavatā,Paṭissavatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.paṭissava] obedience; neg.appaṭissavatā want of deference Dhs.1325=Pug.20.(Page 402),11,1
  9904. 357919,en,15,patissavin,paṭissāvin,Paṭissāvin,Paṭissāvin,(adj.) [fr.paṭi+<em> śru</em>] assenting,ready,obedient,willing D.I,60; S.III,113 (kiṅkāra-paṭi°).(Page 402),10,1
  9905. 357955,en,15,patisseneti,paṭisseneti,Paṭisseneti,Paṭisseneti,see <i>paṭiseneti</i>.(Page 402),11,1
  9906. 357970,en,15,patissunati,paṭissuṇāti,Paṭissuṇāti,Paṭissuṇāti,[paṭi+<em> śru</em>] to assent,promise,agree aor.paccassosi Vin.I,73; D.I,236; S.I,147,155; Sn.p.50,and paṭisuṇi SnA 314; ger.<i>°suṇitvā</i> freq.in formula “sādhū ti patissuṇitvā” asserting his agreement,saying yes S.I,119; PvA.13,54,55; &#38; passim; also paṭissutvā S.I,155.-- f.abstr.paṭissutavatā SnA 314.(Page 402),11,1
  9907. 358004,en,15,patisumbhita,paṭisumbhita,Paṭisumbhita,Paṭisumbhita,[pp.of paṭi+<em>śumbh</em>] fallen down Pv III,1<sup>8</sup> (=patita PvA.174).(Page 401),12,1
  9908. 358013,en,15,patisura,paṭisūra,Paṭisūra,Paṭisūra,[paṭi+sūra] a rival hero or fighter,an opponent in fight Sn.831 (=paṭipurisa paṭisattu paṭimalla Nd<sup>1</sup> 172); Nd<sup>1</sup> 173 (id.).(Page 401),8,1
  9909. 358018,en,15,patisutta,paṭisutta,Paṭisutta,Paṭisutta,[pp.of paṭi+<em>svap</em>] sunk into sleep Th.1,203.(Page 401),9,1
  9910. 358020,en,15,patita,paṭita,Paṭita,Paṭita,(adj.) satisfied,happy DhA.II,269 (°ācāra) (Page 395),6,1
  9911. 358030,en,15,patita,patita,Patita,Patita,[pp.of patati] fallen Dh.68,320; J.I,167; Miln.187; PvA.31 (read pātita),56.(Page 406),6,1
  9912. 358040,en,15,patita,patīta,Patīta,Patīta,[pp.of pacceti] pleased,delighted Dh.68; Sn.379,679; Vv 84<sup>10</sup> (=pahaṭṭha VvA.337).-- neg.<i>appatīta</i> displeased M.I,27; J.V,103 (v.l.appatika,C expl<sup>ns</sup> by assāmika,i.e.without husband).(Page 406),6,1
  9913. 358049,en,15,patita,pātita,Pātita,Pātita,[pp.of pāteti] brought to fall,felled,destroyed Sn.631; Dh.407; J.III,176; PvA.31 (so read for patita).(Page 452),6,1
  9914. 358076,en,15,patitaka,patitaka,Patitaka,Patitaka,(adj.) [fr.last] thrown or fallen into (Loc.),dropped Vism.62.(Page 406),8,1
  9915. 358208,en,15,patitittha,paṭitittha,Paṭitittha,Paṭitittha,(nt.) [paṭi+tittha] opposite bank (of a river) J.V,443.(Page 395),10,1
  9916. 358214,en,15,patititthati,paṭitiṭṭhati,Paṭitiṭṭhati,Paṭitiṭṭhati,(paṭiṭṭhahati) etc.see <i>pati°</i>.(Page 395),12,1
  9917. 358220,en,15,patititthati,patitiṭṭhati,Patitiṭṭhati,Patitiṭṭhati,[paṭi+titthati] to stand up again Th.1,173.(Page 406),12,1
  9918. 358245,en,15,patittha,patiṭṭhā,Patiṭṭhā,Patiṭṭhā,(f.) [fr.pati+<em> sthā</em>.Cp.Ved.pratiṣṭhā support,foundation] support,resting place,stay,ground,help,also (spiritual) helper,support for salvation S.I,1 (ap°); II,65; III,53; Sn.173; Dh.332; J.I,149; IV,20; Miln.302; DhsA.261; VvA.138; PvA.53,60 (=dīpa),87 (=dīpa),141 (su°),174 (su°=dīpa).(Page 405),8,1
  9919. 358252,en,15,patittha,patittha,Patittha,Patittha,[pa+tittha] a bank of a river or lake,su° (adj.) with beautiful banks S.I,90; Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup> (=sundaratittha PvA.77).(Page 406),8,1
  9920. 358265,en,15,patitthaha,patiṭṭhāha,Patiṭṭhāha,Patiṭṭhāha,[fr.patiṭṭhahati] having one’s footing in,hold on,tenacity Dhs.381=Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>III</SUP> DhsA.253.The v.l.at Nd<sup>2</sup> is paṭiggāha which is also read by Dhs.(Page 406),10,1
  9921. 358348,en,15,patitthambhati,paṭitthambhati,Paṭitthambhati,Paṭitthambhati,[paṭi+thambhati] to stand firm (against) Miln.372.(Page 395),14,1
  9922. 358354,en,15,patitthana,patiṭṭhāna,Patiṭṭhāna,Patiṭṭhāna,(nt.) [fr.paṭi+<em> sthā</em> cp.late Sk.pratiṣṭhāna] fixing,setting up,support,help,ground (for salvation) Sn.1011:PvA.123.(Page 405),10,1
  9923. 358494,en,15,patitthapeti,patiṭṭhāpeti,Patiṭṭhāpeti,Patiṭṭhāpeti,[Caus.of patiṭṭhahati,cp.BSk.praṭiṣṭhāpayati Jtm 224] to establish,set up,fix,put into,instal D.I,206; S.I,90; J.I,152; 168,349 (sotāpatti-phale); PvA.22 (id.),38 (id.) 50 (saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca),223 (id.),76 (ceṭiyaṃ),78 (upāsakabhāve),131,132 (hatthe).-- aor.patiṭṭhāpesi J.I,138.-- pp.patiṭṭhāpita (q.v.).(Page 405),12,1
  9924. 358542,en,15,patitthapita,patiṭṭhāpita,Patiṭṭhāpita,Patiṭṭhāpita,[pp.of patiṭṭhāpeti] put down,set down,established PvA.139.(Page 405),12,1
  9925. 358560,en,15,patitthapitar,patiṭṭhāpitar,Patiṭṭhāpitar,Patiṭṭhāpitar,[n.ag.of patiṭṭhāpeti] one who establishes A.V,66.(Page 405),13,1
  9926. 358634,en,15,patitthita,patiṭṭhita,Patiṭṭhita,Patiṭṭhita,[pp.of patiṭṭhahati] established in (Loc.),settled,fixed,arrayed,stayed,standing,supported,founded in D.III,101 (supatiṭṭhita-citta); M.I,478; S.I,40,45,185 (dhammesu); It.77; Sn.409,453; J.I,51 (kucchimhi),262 (rajje); Pv.I,4<sup>4</sup>; II,9<sup>69</sup> (dussīlesu); Miln.282; VvA.110 (°gabbhā),259 (°saddha); PvA.34 (jāta+) -- nt.<i>°ṃ</i> arrangement,settling,in <i>pañca°</i> the fivefold array,a form of respectful greeting,see under pañca.(Page 406),10,1
  9927. 358763,en,15,patitthiyati,patiṭṭhīyati,Patiṭṭhīyati,Patiṭṭhīyati,[only apparently (Pass.) to patiṭṭhahati,of <em>sthā</em>,but in reality=Sk.prati-sthyāyate,of <em>sthyā</em>,see thīna.Ought to be paṭitthīyati; but was by popular analogy with patiṭṭhāya changed to patiṭṭhīyati] to be obdurate,to offer resistance A.I,124; II,203; III,181 sq.; J.IV,22 (aor.°ṭṭhīya); Pug.36; KhA 226.(Page 406),12,1
  9928. 358809,en,15,pativacana,paṭivacana,Paṭivacana,Paṭivacana,(nt.) [paṭi+vacana] answer,reply,<i>rejoinder</i> J.IV,18; Miln.120; PvA.83 (opp.vacana); ThA.285.(Page 398),10,1
  9929. 358837,en,15,pativada,paṭivāda,Paṭivāda,Paṭivāda,[paṭi+vāda] retort,recrimination Miln.18 (vāda° talk and counter-talk).(Page 399),8,1
  9930. 358849,en,15,pativadati,paṭivadati,Paṭivadati,Paṭivadati,[paṭi+vadati] to answer,reply A.IV,168 (v.l.for paṭicarati); Sn.932; Dh.133; Nd<sup>1</sup> 397; PvA.39.(Page 399),10,1
  9931. 358879,en,15,pativameti,paṭivāmeti,Paṭivāmeti,Paṭivāmeti,[paṭi+Caus.<em>vam</em>] to throw out again DA.I,39.<br><br> Cp.J.P.T.S.1886,p.160,suggesting paṭivādh°,or paṭibādhayamāno,and referring to Th.1,744.(Page 399),10,1
  9932. 358903,en,15,pativapeti,paṭivāpeti,Paṭivāpeti,Paṭivāpeti,[Caus.of paṭi+<em>vap</em>] to turn away from,to free from,cleanse M.I,435=A.IV,423; DhsA.407.(Page 399),10,1
  9933. 358924,en,15,pativasati,paṭivasati,Paṭivasati,Paṭivasati,[paṭi+vasati] to live,dwell (at) D.I,129; Vin.II,299; S.I,177; J.I,202; SnA 462; PvA.42,67. <i>Paṭivāṇa</i>,<i> Paṭivāṇitā</i>,<i> Paṭivāṇī</i> etc.occur only in neg.form app°,q.v.(Page 399),10,1
  9934. 358950,en,15,pativatam,paṭivātaṃ,Paṭivātaṃ,Paṭivātaṃ,(adv.) [paṭi+vātaṃ,Acc.cp.Sk.prativāta &#38; prativātaṃ] against the wind (opp.anuvātaṃ) Vin.II,218; S.I,13; Sn.622; Dh.54,125; PvA.116; Sdhp.425.(Page 399),9,1
  9935. 358957,en,15,pativatta,paṭivatta,Paṭivatta,Paṭivatta,(nt.) [pp.of paṭivattati] moving backwards,only in cpd.vatta-paṭivatta-karaṇa “moving forth or backwards,“ performance of different kinds of duties; doing this,that &#38; the other DhA.I,157.(Page 399),9,1
  9936. 358981,en,15,pativattar,paṭivattar,Paṭivattar,Paṭivattar,[paṭi+vattar,n.ag.of <em>vac</em>] one who contradicts S.I,222.(Page 399),10,1
  9937. 358985,en,15,pativattati,paṭivaṭṭati,Paṭivaṭṭati,Paṭivaṭṭati,<i> ( &#38; Paṭivattati)</i> [paṭi+<em>vṛt</em>] (intrs.) to roll or move back,to turn away from A.IV,47=Miln.297 (paṭilīyati paṭikutati p.); Caus.<i>paṭivaṭṭeti</i> in same meaning trs.(but cp.Childers s.v.“to knock,strike”) S.II,265 (T.spells pati°,as also at Miln.297).-- grd.<i>paṭivattiya</i> only in neg.ap° (q.v.).-- pp.<i>paṭivatta</i> (q.v.).(Page 399),11,1
  9938. 359095,en,15,pativedeti,paṭivedeti,Paṭivedeti,Paṭivedeti,[paṭi+vedeti,Caus.of <em>vid</em>] to make known,declare,announce Vin.I,180; S.I,101,234; Sn.415 (aor.°vedayi); DA.I,227; PvA.6 (pītisomanassaṃ).(Page 399),10,1
  9939. 359115,en,15,pativedha,paṭivedha,Paṭivedha,Paṭivedha,[fr.paṭi+<i>vyadhī</i> cp.paṭivijjhati &#38; BSk.prativedha MVastu I.86] lit.piercing,i.e.penetration,comprehension,attainment,insight,knowledge A.I,22,44; D.III,253; Ps.I,105; II,50,57,105,112,148,182; Vbh.330; Miln.18; SnA 110,111; Sdhp.65.-- <i>appaṭivedha</i> non-intelligence,ignorance Vin.I,230; S.II,92; III,261; V,431; A.II,1; Dhs.390,1061,1162; <i>Pug.</i>21.-- <i>duppaṭivedha</i> (adj.) hard to pierce or penetrate; flg.difficult to master Miln.250.-- <i>maggaphala°</i> realisation of the fruit of the Path DhA.I,110.(Page 399),9,1
  9940. 359280,en,15,pativekkhiya,paṭivekkhiya,Paṭivekkhiya,Paṭivekkhiya,see <i>ap°</i>.(Page 399),12,1
  9941. 359283,en,15,pativellati,paṭivellati,Paṭivellati,Paṭivellati,[paṭi+vellati] to embrace,cling to J.V,449.(Page 400),11,1
  9942. 359288,en,15,pativera,paṭivera,Paṭivera,Paṭivera,[paṭi+vera] revenge DhA.I,50.(Page 400),8,1
  9943. 359306,en,15,pativibhajati,paṭivibhajati,Paṭivibhajati,Paṭivibhajati,[paṭi+vibhajati] to divide off,to divide into (equal) parts M.I,58 (cp.III,91; paṭibhaj° &#38; v.l.vibhaj°).(Page 399),13,1
  9944. 359317,en,15,pativibhatta,paṭivibhatta,Paṭivibhatta,Paṭivibhatta,(adj.) [paṭi+vibhatta] (equally) divided M.I,372; A.IV,211; VvA.50.On neg.<i>ap°</i> in cpd.<i>°bhogin</i> see <i>appaṭivibhatta</i>.(Page 399),12,1
  9945. 359346,en,15,patividdha,paṭividdha,Paṭividdha,Paṭividdha,[pp.of paṭivijjhati] being or having penetrated or pierced; having acquired,mastering,knowing M.I,438; S.II,56 (sup°); Ps.II,19,20; J.I,214; VvA.73 (°catusacca=saccānaṃ kovida).-- <i>appaṭividdha</i> not pierced,not hurt J.VI,446.(Page 399),10,1
  9946. 359444,en,15,patividita,paṭividita,Paṭividita,Paṭividita,[pp.of paṭi+<em>vid</em>] known,ascertained D.I,2; Ps.I,188.(Page 399),10,1
  9947. 359454,en,15,pativigacchati,paṭivigacchati,Paṭivigacchati,Paṭivigacchati,[paṭi+vi+gacchati] to go apart again,to go away or asunder A.III,243; Miln.51.(Page 399),14,1
  9948. 359482,en,15,pativijanati,paṭivijānāti,Paṭivijānāti,Paṭivijānāti,[paṭi+vi+jānāti] to recognise Vin.III,130; Nd<sup>2</sup> 378 (ājānāti vijānāti p.paṭivijjhati); Miln.299.(Page 399),12,1
  9949. 359501,en,15,pativijjha,paṭivijjha,Paṭivijjha,Paṭivijjha,(adj.) [grd.of paṭivijjhati] in cpd.<i>dup°</i> hard to penetrate (lit. &#38; fig.) S.V,454.(Page 399),10,1
  9950. 359516,en,15,pativijjhanaka,paṭivijjhanaka,Paṭivijjhanaka,Paṭivijjhanaka,(adj.) [paṭi+vijjhana+ka,of <em>vyadh</em>] only in neg.<i>ap°</i> impenetrable DhA.IV,194.(Page 399),14,1
  9951. 359564,en,15,pativijjhati,paṭivijjhati,Paṭivijjhati,Paṭivijjhati,[paṭi+vijjhati of <em>vyadh</em>] to pierce through,penetrate (lit. &#38; fig.),intuit,to acquire,master,comprehend Vin.I,183; S.II,56; V,119,278,387,454; A.IV,228,469; Nd<sup>2</sup> 378; J.I,67,75; Ps.I,180 sq.; Miln.344; DhA.I,334.-- aor.<i>paṭivijjha</i> Sn.90 (=aññāsi sacchākāsi SnA 166),and <i>paccavyādhi</i> Th.1,26=1161 (°byādhi); also 3rd pl.<i>paccavidhuṃ</i> A.IV,228.-- pp.<i>paṭividdha</i> (q.v.).On phrase uttariṃ appaṭivijjhanto.See uttari.(Page 399),12,1
  9952. 359644,en,15,pativimsa,paṭiviṃsa,Paṭiviṃsa,Paṭiviṃsa,[paṭi-aṃsa with euphonic consonant v instead of y (paṭi-y-aṃsa) and assimilation of a to <i>i </i>(paṭiyiṃsa› paṭiviṃsa)] lit.“divided part,” sub-part,share,bit,portion,part Vin.I,28; III,60 (T.reads paṭivisa); J.II,286; DhsA.135; DhA.I,189; III,304; VvA.61 (°vīsa),64 (v.l.°vīsa),120 (id.).(Page 399),9,1
  9953. 359647,en,15,pativimsaka,paṭiviṃsaka,Paṭiviṃsaka,Paṭiviṃsaka,[prec.+ka] part share,portion DhA.II,85.(Page 399),11,1
  9954. 359656,en,15,pativinaya,paṭivinaya,Paṭivinaya,Paṭivinaya,[paṭi+vi+<em>nī</em>] repression,subdual,only in cpd.<i>āghāta°</i> D.III,262,289; A.III,185 sq.See <i>āghāta</i>.(Page 399),10,1
  9955. 359682,en,15,pativineti,paṭivineti,Paṭivineti,Paṭivineti,[paṭi+vi+<em>nī</em>] to drive out,keep away,repress,subdue S.I,228; M.I,13; A.III,185 sq.; J.VI,551; PvA.104 (pipāsaṃ).Cp.BSk.prativineti MVastu II.121.-- pp.<i>paṭivinīta</i> (q.v.).(Page 399),10,1
  9956. 359697,en,15,pativinicchinati,paṭivinicchinati,Paṭivinicchinati,Paṭivinicchinati,[paṭi+vinicchinati] to try or judge a case again,to reconsider J.II,187.(Page 399),16,1
  9957. 359703,en,15,pativinita,paṭivinīta,Paṭivinīta,Paṭivinīta,[pp.of paṭivineti] removed,dispelled,subdued S.II,283; V,76,315.(Page 399),10,1
  9958. 359717,en,15,pativinodana,paṭivinodana,Paṭivinodana,Paṭivinodana,(nt.) [fr.paṭivinodeti] removal,driving out,explusion A.II,48,50; Miln.320.(Page 399),12,1
  9959. 359725,en,15,pativinodaya,paṭivinodaya,Paṭivinodaya,Paṭivinodaya,(adj.-n.) [fr.paṭivinodeti] dispelling,subduing,riddance,removal; dup° hard to dispel A.III,184 sq.(Page 399),12,1
  9960. 359745,en,15,pativinodeti,paṭivinodeti,Paṭivinodeti,Paṭivinodeti,[paṭi+vi+Caus.of <em>nud</em>,Cp.BSk.prativinudati Divy 34,371 etc.] to remove,dispel,drive out,get rid of D.I,138; M.I,48; Pv III,5<sup>8</sup>; Pug.64; VvA.305; PvA.60.(Page 399),12,1
  9961. 359783,en,15,pativiramati,paṭiviramati,Paṭiviramati,Paṭiviramati,[paṭi+viramati] to abstain from M.I,152.(Page 399),12,1
  9962. 359801,en,15,pativirata,paṭivirata,Paṭivirata,Paṭivirata,(adj.) [pp.of paṭiviramati,cp.BSk.prativiramati Divy II,302,585] abstaining from,shrinking from (with Abl.) D.I,5; M.III,23; S.V,468; It.63; Pug.39,58; DA.I,70; PvA.28,260.-- <i>app°</i> not abstaining from Vin.II,296; S.V,468; It.64.(Page 399),10,1
  9963. 359809,en,15,pativirati,paṭivirati,Paṭivirati,Paṭivirati,(f.) [fr.paṭivirata] abstinence from Dhs.299; M.III,74; PvA.206.(Page 399),10,1
  9964. 359822,en,15,pativirodha,paṭivirodha,Paṭivirodha,Paṭivirodha,[paṭi+virodha] hostility,enmity,opposition Dhs.418,1060; Pug.18; Miln.203.(Page 399),11,1
  9965. 359833,en,15,pativiruddha,paṭiviruddha,Paṭiviruddha,Paṭiviruddha,[pp.of paṭivirujjhati,cp.BSk.prativiruddha rebellious Divy 445] obstructed or obstructing,an adversary,opponent J.VI,12; DA.I,51 (°ā satta=pare); Miln.203,403.(Page 399),12,1
  9966. 359854,en,15,pativiruhati,paṭivirūhati,Paṭivirūhati,Paṭivirūhati,[paṭi+virūhati] to grow again Vism.419.(Page 399),12,1
  9967. 359874,en,15,pativirujjhati,paṭivirujjhati,Paṭivirujjhati,Paṭivirujjhati,[paṭi+vi+<em>rudh</em>] to act hostile,to fall out with somebody,to quarrel (saddhiṃ) J.IV,104.-- pp.<i>paṭiviruddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 399),14,1
  9968. 359905,en,15,pativisesa,paṭivisesa,Paṭivisesa,Paṭivisesa,[paṭi+visesa] sub-discrimination J.II,9.(Page 399),10,1
  9969. 359912,en,15,pativisittha,paṭivisiṭṭha,Paṭivisiṭṭha,Paṭivisiṭṭha,[paṭi+visiṭṭha] peculiar M.I,372.(Page 399),12,1
  9970. 359925,en,15,pativissaka,paṭivissaka,Paṭivissaka,Paṭivissaka,(adj.) [fr.paṭi+*veśman or *veśya] dwelling near,neighbouring M.I,126; J.I,114,483; III,163; IV,49; V,434; DhA.I,47 (°itthi),155,235 (°dārakā).(Page 399),11,1
  9971. 359958,en,15,pativutta,paṭivutta,Paṭivutta,Paṭivutta,(paṭi+vutta,pp.of <em>vac</em>] said against,replied Vin.III,131,274.(Page 399),9,1
  9972. 359967,en,15,pativyaharati,paṭivyāharati,Paṭivyāharati,Paṭivyāharati,[paṭi+vyāharati] to desist from,aor.<i>paccavyāhāsi</i> D.II,232.(Page 400),13,1
  9973. 359968,en,15,pativyuhati,paṭivyūhati,Paṭivyūhati,Paṭivyūhati,(pati°) [paṭi+vyūhati] to heap up against (?) SnA 554.(Page 400),11,1
  9974. 359973,en,15,patiya,paṭiya,Paṭiya,Paṭiya,(nt.) [=paṭikā] a white woollen counterpane J.IV,352 (=uṇṇāmaya-paccattharaṇāni setakambalāni pi vadanti yeva C.).(Page 398),6,1
  9975. 360027,en,15,patiyadeti,paṭiyādeti,Paṭiyādeti,Paṭiyādeti,[for *paṭiyāteti=Sk.pratiyātayati,Caus.of paṭi+<em>yat</em>,like P.niyyādeti=Sk.niryātayati] to prepare,arrange,give,dedicate SnA 447.-- pp.<i>paṭiyādita</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.II,<i>paṭiyādāpeti</i> to cause to be presented or got ready,to assign,advise,give over Vin.I,249 (yāguṃ); Sn.p.110 (bhojaniyaṃ); P.vA 22,141.(Page 398),10,1
  9976. 360051,en,15,patiyadita,paṭiyādita,Paṭiyādita,Paṭiyādita,[pp.of paṭiyādeti] given,prepared,arranged,dedicated Miln.9; DhA.II,75.(Page 398),10,1
  9977. 360094,en,15,patiyati,paṭiyāti,Paṭiyāti,Paṭiyāti,[paṭi+<em>yā</em>,cp.pacceti] to go back to,reach J.VI,149 (C.for paṭimuñcati).(Page 398),8,1
  9978. 360100,en,15,patiyati,patīyati,Patīyati,Patīyati,see <i>patati</i>.(Page 406),8,1
  9979. 360108,en,15,patiyatta,paṭiyatta,Paṭiyatta,Paṭiyatta,[pp.of paṭi+<em>yat</em>] prepared,got ready,made,dressed Vin.IV,18 (alaṅkata°); J.IV,380 (C.for pakata),PvA.25 (C.for upaṭṭhita),75 (alaṅkata°),135 (id.),232 (id.),279 (id.); KhA 118 (alaṅkata°).(Page 398),9,1
  9980. 360139,en,15,patiyekka,pāṭiyekka,Pāṭiyekka,Pāṭiyekka,see <i>pāṭekka</i>.(Page 450),9,1
  9981. 360151,en,15,patiyodha,paṭiyodha,Paṭiyodha,Paṭiyodha,[paṭi+yodha] counterfight J.III,3.(Page 398),9,1
  9982. 360179,en,15,patiyoloketi,paṭiyoloketi,Paṭiyoloketi,Paṭiyoloketi,(T.<i>paṭi-oloketi)</i> [paṭi+oloketi] to look at,to keep an eye on,observe J.II,406.(Page 398),12,1
  9983. 360198,en,15,patoda,patoda,Patoda,Patoda,[fr.pa+<em>tud</em> cp.Ved.pratoda] a goad,driving stick,prick,spur M.I,124; III,97; S.IV,176; A.II,114; III,28; IV,91; V,324; Th.1,210; J.I,57,192; Dhs.16,20,292; Pug.25; SnA 147; ThA.174; Sdhp.367.<br><br> --laṭṭhi a driver’s stick,goad-stick [cp.BSk.pratodayaṣṭi Divy 7,76,463,465] D.I,105,126; J.VI,249; Miln.27; DhA.I,302; II,38; IV,216; VvA.64.As °yaṭṭhi at Dpvs XI.30.(Page 406),6,1
  9984. 360215,en,15,patodaka,patodaka,Patodaka,Patodaka,(adj.n.) [fr.pa+<em>tud</em>] lit.pushing,spurring; only in phrase aṅguli° nudging with one’s fingers Vin.III,84 =IV.110 (here to be taken as “tickling”); D.I,91 (cp.Dial.I.113); A.IV,343.(Page 406),8,1
  9985. 360245,en,15,patola,paṭola,Paṭola,Paṭola,[dial.?] a kind of cucumber,Trichosanthes Dioeca Vin.I,201 (°paṇṇa).(Page 402),6,1
  9986. 360268,en,15,patta,paṭṭa,Paṭṭa,Paṭṭa,[cp.late Sk.paṭṭa,doubtful etym.] 1.slab,tablet,plate,in cpds.<i>ayo°</i> iron plate A.IV,130,131; J.IV,7 (suvaṇṇa°); PvA.43 (ayomaya°); <i>loha°</i> brass plate PvA.44; silā° stone slab J.I,59 etc.When written on,it is placed into a casket (mañjūsā) J.II,36; IV,335.‹-› 2.a bandage,strip (of cloth) Vv 33<sup>41</sup> (āyoga°)=VvA.142.-- 3.fine cloth,woven silk,cotton cloth,turban (-cloth) Vin.II,266 (dussa°=setavattha-paṭṭa &Bacute;dhgh,see Vin.Texts III,341); S.II,102 (id.) J.I,62 (sumana° cloth with a jasmine pattern); VI,191 (°sāṭaka),370 (nāḷi°); KhA 51 (°bandhana); DA.I,87 (āmilāka); DhA.I,395 (°vattha); II,42 (rajata°).--<i>dupaṭṭa</i> “double” cloth,see under dvi B II.(Page 402),5,1
  9987. 360287,en,15,patta,patta,Patta,Patta,<sup>4</sup> at Dpvs XI.18 for pattin or pattika,foot-man,infantry.(Page 406),5,1
  9988. 360288,en,15,patta,patta,Patta,Patta,<sup>3</sup> [pp.of pāpuṇāti] obtained,attained,got,reached (pass. &#38; med.) Sn.55,138,478,517,542,992; Dh.134 (nibbānaṃ) 423; J.I,255 (vināsaṃ); IV,139 (samuddaṃ); PvA.4 (anayavyasanaṃ),5 (sīsacchedaṃ),71 (manussabhāvaṃ).Very frequent as --° and in meaning equal to finite verb or other phrase,when spelling °ppatta is restored (Sk.prāpta),e.g.ummādappatta out of mind PvA.6; jara° old J.III,394; dukkha° afflicted with pain J.VI,336; domanassa° dejected J.II,155; patti° attained one’s (possible) share It.32; bala° (become) strong D.II,157; vaya° (become) old,come of age J.II,421 (+soḷasa-vassa-kāle); PvA.68; somanassa° pleased J.III,74; haritu° covered with green M.I,343; J.I,50,399.Also as °-,but less frequent,meaning often equal to prep.“with,” “after,” etc.,as pattâbhiseka after consecration DhA.IV,84; SnA 484; pattuṇṇa with wool SnA 263; °dhamma mastering the Dh.Vin.I,16; the same at DhA.IV,200 in meaning of patti°,i.e.“merit attained”; °mānasa (?) It.76 (v.l.satta°); °sambodhi It.97 (v.l.satta°).-- Opp.appatta not obtained (see also patti 2),i.e.without Dh.272 (cp.DhA.III,58); Pug.51 (°pānabhojana,so read for appanna°).-- Cp.sam (Page 406),5,1
  9989. 360289,en,15,patta,patta,Patta,Patta,<sup>2</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [Ved.pātra,fr.Idg.*pōtlom=Lat.poculum beaker,Oir.ōl.See pāna &#38; pibati] a bowl,esp.the alms-bowl of a bhikkhu Vin.I,46,50,51,61,224 (patte pūresuṃ); II,111,126,224,269; S.I,112; A.IV,344; Sn.413,443; J.I,52,55 (pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipati),69; III,535 (puṇṇa °ṃ deti to give a full bowl,i.e.plenty); V,389 (pl.pattāni); Vism.108 (āṇigaṇṭhik’āhato ayopatto); DhA.IV,220 (°ṃ pūreti); PvA.35,61,76,88,141.-- Two kinds of bowls are mentioned at Vin.III,243,viz.ayo° of iron &#38; mattikā° of clay,dāru° a wooden bowl Vin.II,112,143.uda° a bowl of water or a water-bowl M.I,100; S.V,121; A.III,230 sq.cp.odapattakinī.-- pattassa mukhavaṭṭi J.V,38.-- fut.<i>pātī </i>(q.v.).<br><br> --<i>ādhāraka</i> bowl support,bowl-hold Vin.II,113.--<i>kaṇḍolikā</i> a wicker-work stand for a bowl Vin.II,114 (cp.Vin.Texts III,86).--<i>gata</i> gone into the bowl,alms given Th.1,155; Pv IV.7<sup>3</sup>.--<i>gāhāpaka</i> one who is going to take a bowl,a receiver of a b.Vin.II,177 (+sāṭiya° etc.); A.III,275.--<i>cīvara</i> bowl and robe (see note in Dial II.162) Vin.I,46; II,78,194; S.I,76; J.III,379; Pv.II,13<sup>16</sup>; DA.I,45,186; PvA.61.--<i>tthavikā</i> a bag to carry a bowl in Vin.II,114; J.III,364; VvA.40,63; KhA 45.--<i>dhovana</i> “bowl-washing,” (the water used for) washing the bowl Vin.II,214.--<i>pāṇin</i> hand on bowl,bowl in hand Sn.713; It.89=S.III,93≈; onīta° removing the hand from the bowl:see onīta.--<i>piṇḍika</i> “eating from one vessel only” A.III,220.--<i>maṇḍala</i> a circular artificial bottom of a bowl Vin.II,112.--<i>māḷaka</i> a raised parapet (?) on which to put the bowl Vin.II,114 (cp.Vin.Texts III,86).--<i>mūla</i> the bottom of the bowl Vin.II,269.--<i>vaṭṭi</i> the brim of a bowl S.IV,168.--<i>saññin</i> paying attention to one’s bowl Vin.II,214.(Page 406),5,1
  9990. 360290,en,15,patta,patta,Patta,Patta,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Ved.patra,to *pet as in patati (q.v. &#38; see also paṇṇa); cp.Gr.pterόn wing,ptέruc id.; Lat.penna feather=Ger.fittig.; acci-piter; Ohg.fedara=E.feather etc.] 1.the wing of a bird,a feather Vin.IV,259; D.I,71.kukkuṭa° a hen’s quill (for sewing) Vin.II,215.-- 2.a leaf M.I,429; Sn.44=64 (sañchinna°,see Nd<sup>2</sup> 625); 625 (pokkhara° lotus l.); Dh.401 (id.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 135 (paduma°); Pv.II,9<sup>5</sup> (=paṇṇa PvA.15); VvA.147 (tāla°); ThA.71; PvA.283 (nigrodha°).asi-patta-vana “sword-leaf-forest” (a forest in Niraya) Sn.673; PvA.221.-- 3.a small thin strip of metal at the lute Miln.53; VvA.281.<br><br> --<i>āḷhalka</i> a toy measure made of palm-leaves Vin.II,10; III,180; D.I,6 (cp.DA.I,86); M.I,266; A.V,203; Miln.229.--<i>gandha</i> odour of leaves Dhs.625.--<i>nāḷī</i> rib of a feather DhA.I,394.--<i>phala</i> leaf-fruit,a leaf and fruit,vegetables Sn.239 (=yaṃ kiñci harita-pannaṃ SnA 283); PvA.86.--<i>yāna</i> having wings as vehicle,“winggoer,” i.e.a bird Sn.606 (=pattehi yantī ti pattayānā SnA 465); J.II,443.--<i>rasa</i> taste of leaves Dhs.629; juice of leaves Vin.I,246 (+puppharasa &#38; ucchurasa).--<i>salākā</i> leaf-ticket DhA.IV,65.(Page 406),5,1
  9991. 360303,en,15,patta-kkhandha,patta-kkhandha,Patta-kkhandha,Patta-kkhandha,[perhaps patta<sup>1</sup>+khandha,thus “leafshouldered,” i.e.with shoulders drooping like leaves; the Commentators explain patta as contracted form of patita fallen,thus “with shoulders falling.” We may have to deal with an old misspelling for panna (=pa+ <em>nam</em> bent down,put down),which expl<sup>n</sup> would suit the sense better than any other] downcast,dejected,disappointed Vin.II,77=III,162 (trsl<sup>d</sup> “with fallen hearts,” expl<sup>d</sup> as patita,see Vin.Texts III,13); S.I,124; M.I,132,258; III,298; A.III,57; J.V,17; Miln.5.(Page 406),14,1
  9992. 360333,en,15,pattabba,pattabba,Pattabba,Pattabba,(adj.) [grd.of pāpuṇāti] to be gained or attained; nt.that which can be attained or won SnA 443.See also <i>pattiya<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 407),8,1
  9993. 360542,en,15,pattaka,paṭṭaka,Paṭṭaka,Paṭṭaka,(adj.n.) [fr.paṭṭa] made of or forming a strip of cloth; a bandage,strip (of cloth),girdle Vin.II,136 (paṭṭikā); A.I,254 (=paṭṭikā C.); J.V,359 (aya° an iron girdle),VbhA.230 (paṭṭikā).(Page 402),7,1
  9994. 360548,en,15,pattaka,pattaka,Pattaka,Pattaka,(nt.) [fr.patta<sup>2</sup>] a (little) bowl Th.2,28.(Page 407),7,1
  9995. 360612,en,15,pattali,pattali,Pattali,Pattali,(°lī) (f.) [according to Kern,Toev.s.v.to be read as either sattali or sattalā] plantain Th.2,260 (=kadali ThA.211).(Page 407),7,1
  9996. 360672,en,15,pattana,pattana,Pattana,Pattana,(nt.) [*Sk.paṭṭana] a place,city,port J.I,121; IV,16,137,V,75; PvA.53.-- <i>°ka</i> a sort of village J.VI,456.(Page 402),7,1
  9997. 360982,en,15,pattatta,pattatta,Pattatta,Pattatta,(nt.) (-°) [abstr.fr.<i>patta<sup>3</sup></i>] the fact of being furnished or possessed with Vism.524.(Page 407),8,1
  9998. 361076,en,15,pattha,paṭṭha,Paṭṭha,Paṭṭha,(adj.) [fr.pa+<em> sthā</em>,see patthahati] “standing out,” setting out or forth,undertaking,able (clever?) Vin.III,210 (dhammiṃ kathaṃ kātuṃ); IV,60 (cīvarakammaṃ kātuṃ),254 (dhammiṃ kathaṃ kātuṃ) 285,290; Nd<sup>2</sup> p.46 (for Sn.prose part puṭṭha; v.l.seṭṭha); Nd<sup>2</sup> no.388 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of paṭṭhagū Sn.1095; here it clearly means “being near,attending on,a pupil or follower of”).See also paddha<sup>1</sup> and paddhagu.(Page 402),6,1
  9999. 361086,en,15,pattha,pattha,Pattha,Pattha,<sup>2</sup> [cp.late Sk.prastha] a Prastha (certain measure of capacity)=1/4 of an Āḷhaka; a cooking utensil containing one Prastha DhA.II,154; SnA 476 (cattāro patthā āḷhakaṃ).(Page 407),6,1
  10000. 361087,en,15,pattha,pattha,Pattha,Pattha,<sup>1</sup> [fr.pa+<em> sthā</em>.Cp.Epic Sk.prastha plateau] a lonely place,in cpd.<i>vana°</i> D.I,71; Pug.59 etc.,a wilderness in the forest,expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh as “gāmantaṃ atikkamitvā manussānaṃ anupacāra-ṭṭhānaṃ yattha na kasanti na vapanti” DA.I,210; Ud.43 (patthañ ca sayan’āsanaṃ,ed.; but better with id.p.Dh.185 as <i>pantañ</i>,which is expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.III,238 by “vivittaṃ,” i,e.separately).Cp.with this Sk.vana-prastha a forest situated on elevated land.(Page 407),6,1
  10001. 361100,en,15,patthaddha,patthaddha,Patthaddha,Patthaddha,[pa+thaddha] (quite) stiff Vin.II,192; Th.1,1074.(Page 407),10,1
  10002. 361117,en,15,patthahati,paṭṭhahati,Paṭṭhahati,Paṭṭhahati,[pa+<em> sthā</em> =P.tiṭṭhati,with short base *ṭṭha for *tiṭṭha in trs.meaning,see patiṭṭhahati] to put down,set down,provide; ppr.<i>paṭṭhayamāna</i> PvA.128 (varamāna+; v.l.paṭṭhap°); aor.<i>paṭṭhayi</i> Pv.II,9<sup>34</sup> (dānaṃ; v.l.paṭṭhapayi,expl<sup>d</sup> by paṭṭhapesi PvA.126).ger.<i>paṭṭhāya</i> see sep.-- Caus.II.<i>paṭṭhapeti</i> to put out or up,to furnish,establish,give S.II,25; Pv.II,9<sup>24</sup> (fut.°ayissati dānaṃ,v.l.paṭṭhayissati; expl<sup>d</sup> by pavattessati PvA.123); J.I,117; PvA.54 (bhattaṃ),126 (dānaṃ).-- pp.<i>paṭṭhapita</i> (q.v.).(Page 402),10,1
  10003. 361136,en,15,patthana,paṭṭhāna,Paṭṭhāna,Paṭṭhāna,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em> sthā</em>,cp.paṭṭhahati] setting forth,putting forward; only in cpd.<i>sati°</i> setting up of mindfulness (q.v.and see discussion of term at Dial II.324).Besides in later lit.meaning “origin,” starting point,cause,in title of the 7th book of the Abhidhamma,also called Mahāpakaraṇa.See Ledi,J.P.T.S.1915--16,p.26; Mrs.Rh.D.,Tika p.1,vi.-- At Sdhp.321 it has the Sk.meaning of “setting out” (?).(Page 402),8,1
  10004. 361147,en,15,patthana,patthanā,Patthanā,Patthanā,(f.) [of ap+<em>arth</em>,cp.Sk.prārthayati &#38; prārthana nt.,prārthanā f.] aiming at,wish,desire,request,aspiration,prayer S.II,99,154; A.I,224; III,47; V,212; Nd<sup>1</sup> 316,337 (p.vuccati taṇhā); Nd<sup>2</sup> 112; Nett 18,27; Dhs.1059; Miln.3; SnA 47,50; DhA.II,36; PvA.47.-- patthanaṃ karoti to make a wish J.I,68; DhA.I,48; °ṃ ṭhapeti id.DhA.I,47; II,83; IV,200.(Page 407),8,1
  10005. 361253,en,15,patthandila,patthaṇḍila,Patthaṇḍila,Patthaṇḍila,[pa+thandila] hermitage M.II,155.(Page 407),11,1
  10006. 361342,en,15,patthapita,paṭṭhapita,Paṭṭhapita,Paṭṭhapita,[pp.of paṭṭhahati; cp.BSk.prasthapita Divy 514] established,or given PvA.119 (cp.patiṭṭhāpitatta).(Page 402),10,1
  10007. 361372,en,15,patthara,patthara,Patthara,Patthara,[cp.late Sk.prastara.The ord.meaning of Sk.pr.is “stramentum”] 1.stone,rock S.I,32.-- 2.stoneware Miln.2.(Page 407),8,1
  10008. 361412,en,15,pattharati,pattharati,Pattharati,Pattharati,[pa+tharati] to spread,spread out,extend J.I,62; IV,212; VI,279; DhA.I,26; III,61 (so read at J.VI,549 in cpd <i>°pāda</i> with spreading feet,v.l.patthaṭa°).-- pp.<i>patthaṭa</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>patthāreti</i> with pp.<i>patthārita</i> probably also to be read at Th.1,842 for padhārita.(Page 407),10,1
  10009. 361436,en,15,pattharika,pattharika,Pattharika,Pattharika,[fr.patthara] a merchant Vin.II,135 (kaṃsa°).(Page 407),10,1
  10010. 361468,en,15,patthata,patthaṭa,Patthaṭa,Patthaṭa,[pp.of pattharati] stretched,spread out J.I,336; Vism.364; DA.I,311.(Page 407),8,1
  10011. 361536,en,15,patthaya,paṭṭhāya,Paṭṭhāya,Paṭṭhāya,(indecl.) [ger.fr.paṭṭhahati] putting down,starting out from,used as prep.(with Abl.) from ...onward,beginning with,henceforth,from the time of,e.g.ajjato p.from to-day VvA.246; ito p.from here,henceforth J.I,60,63,150; cp.J.I,52 (mūlato); VI,336 (sīsato); PvA.11 (galato),13 (gihīkālato).<i>paṭṭhāyayāva</i> (with Acc.) from-up to Vism.374.(Page 402),8,1
  10012. 361663,en,15,pattheti,pattheti,Pattheti,Pattheti,[pa+<em>arth</em>,cp.Sk.prārthayati] to wish for,desire,pray for,request,long for S.IV,125; V,145; Sn.114,899; Th.2,341; Nd<sup>1</sup> 312,316; PugA 208 (āsaṃsati+); PvA.148; Sdhp.66,319; ppr.<i>patthento</i> PvA.107; <i>patthayanto</i> J.I,66 (paramâbhisaṃbodhiṃ); <i>patthayaṃ</i> Sn.70 (=icchanto patthayanto abhijappanto Nd<sup>2</sup> 392); <i>patthayamāna</i> M.I,4; Sn.902; J.I,259; DhA.III,193; PvA.226 <i>(=āsiṃsamāna); </i>&<i> patthayāno</i> Sn.900; It.67,115.-- grd.<i>patthetabba</i> PvA.96,<i>patthayitabba</i> PvA.95,and <i>patthiya</i> which only occurs in neg.form <i>apatthiya</i> what ought not to be wished J.IV,61; Pv.II,6<sup>7</sup> (=apatthayitabbaṃ PvA.95); DhA.I,29; also as <i>napatthiya</i> (med.) one who does not wish for himself Sn.914 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 337).-- pp.<i>patthita</i> (q.v.).(Page 407),8,1
  10013. 361678,en,15,patthika,paṭṭhika,Paṭṭhika,Paṭṭhika,in pañca° see under <i>pañca</i>. <i>Paṭhati </i>[<i>paṭh</i> to read,Sk.paṭhati] to read (of a text) VvA.72; PvA.58,59,70 etc.; see also <i>pāṭha</i>.(Page 402),8,1
  10014. 361681,en,15,patthina,patthīna,Patthīna,Patthīna,[pa+thīna] stiff D.II,335; DhsA.307.Also as <i>patthinna</i> at Vin.I,286 (=atirajitattā thaddha Bdhgh,on p.391); Vism.361 (=thīna p.262); VbhA.67 (°sneha).(Page 407),8,1
  10015. 361704,en,15,patthita,patthita,Patthita,Patthita,[pp.of pattheti] wished for,desired,requested,sought after Sn.836; Miln.227,361; DhA.IV,201; PvA.47 (°ākāra of the desired kind,as wished for); Sdhp.79 (a°).(Page 407),8,1
  10016. 361787,en,15,patti,patti,Patti,Patti,<sup>3</sup> (f.) [for patta<sup>1</sup>?] leaf,leafy part of a plant Vin.I,201 (taka,taka-patti,taka-paṇṇi).(Page 407),5,1
  10017. 361788,en,15,patti,patti,Patti,Patti,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [Classical Sk.prāpti fr.pa+<em>āp</em>,cp.patta<sup>3</sup>] 1.(-°) obtaining,acquiring,getting,entering into,state of S.I,189=Th.1,1230 (nibbāna°); Sn.68 (paramattha°),186 (nibbāna°); PvA.5 (vyasana),112 (id.); Sdhp.379.-- 2.attainment,acquisition S.II,29 (aggassa); Sn.425 (yogakkhemassa); Nd<sup>2</sup> 390 (=lābhā paṭilābhā adhigamo phusanaṃ sacchikiriyā); esp.in phrase apattassa patti “att<sup>t</sup> of the unattained” D.III,255= A.IV,332; S.I,217; II,29; A.II,148; III,179; Kvu 581.‹-› 3.gaining,gain,profit,advantage S.I,169 (brahma° “best vantage ground”).-- 4.merit,profit,in special sense of a gift given for the benefit of someone else (as a “dakkhiṇǡ”),accrediting,advising,transference of merit,a gift of merit J.II,423,425 (=dakkhiṇā); IV,21; DhA.I,270 (opp.to mūla price); II,4; IV,200 sq.(opp.to mūla).See also cpds.°dāna &#38; °dhamma.-- 5.that which obtains (as a rule),occasion,happening,state,place,as gram.t.t.Loc.pattiyaṃ or pattiyā (-°) in lieu of SnA 310,317.-- See sam°.<br><br> <i>--dāna</i> an assigned or accredited gift,giving of merit (as permanent acquisition),transference of merit VvA.188,190; PvA.9 (°vasena dānadhamma-pariccāgo),49 (=dakkhiṇā) 88 (id.); Sdhp.229.<i>--dhamma</i> the practice of transferred merit,see Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup> 161<sup>1</sup>,170, &#38; cp.pattadhamma.<i>--patta</i>,one who has obtained what can be obtained,or the highest gain (i.e.Nibbāna) Sn.536 (=pattabbaṃ patto pattabbaṃ arahattaṃ patto ti vuttaṃ hoti SnA 433),537,540.(Page 407),5,1
  10018. 361789,en,15,patti,patti,Patti,Patti,<sup>1</sup> [Ved.patti,*<em>pad</em> (of pada)+ti] on foot,one who is on foot,a foot-soldier Vin.IV,105 (as one of the 4 constituents of a <i>senā</i> or army,viz.hatthī elephants,assā,horses,rathā chariots,pattī infantry); J.IV,494 (hatthī,assā,rathā,pattī); 463 (hatthī assā rathā,pattī senā padissate mahā); Vism.19.Cp.pattika<sup>1</sup>.<br><br> <i>--kāya</i> a body of foot soldiers,infantry S.I,72 (cp.BSk.same,at Jtm 215 with hasty-aśva-ratha°).<i>--kārika</i> (for °kārika,of prec.) a foot soldier,lit.one of a body of infantry J.IV,134; V,100; VI,15 (hatthāruhā anīkaṭṭhā rathikā pattikārikā),21,463 (hatthī assā rathikā p.).(Page 407),5,1
  10019. 361826,en,15,pattika,paṭṭikā,Paṭṭikā,Paṭṭikā,see <i>paṭṭaka</i>.(Page 402),7,1
  10020. 361839,en,15,pattika,pattika,Pattika,Pattika,<sup>3</sup> (adj.-n.) [fr.patta<sup>2</sup>] in <i>dāru°</i> (collecting alms) with a wooden bowl,man with a wooden bowl D.I,157 (cp.DA.I,319).(Page 407),7,1
  10021. 361840,en,15,pattika,pattika,Pattika,Pattika,<sup>2</sup> [fr.patti<sup>2</sup>] having a share,gain or profit; a partner,donor DhA.I,270,271.(Page 407),7,1
  10022. 361841,en,15,pattika,pattika,Pattika,Pattika,<sup>1</sup> [fr.patti<sup>1</sup> cp.pajja<sup>2</sup>] on foot,a pedestrian or soldier on foot,D.I,50,89,106,108; II,73; A.II,117 (hatth’--āruha,assāruha,rathika,p.); J.VI,145; Vism.396 (manussā pattikā gacchanti); Sn.418; a form <i>pattikārika</i> is found,e.g.at J.IV,134; V,100; VI,15,463; Ap.316.(Page 407),7,1
  10023. 361849,en,15,pattika,pattikā,Pattikā,Pattikā,(f.) [fr.patta<sup>1</sup> or patti<sup>3</sup>] a leaf,in <i>tāla°</i> palm-leaf S.II,217,222.(Page 407),7,1
  10024. 361865,en,15,pattin,pattin,Pattin,Pattin,(adj.n.) [fr.<i>patta<sup>3</sup></i>,Sk.*prāptin] attaining,one who obtains or gains Sn.513 (kiṃ°=kiṃ patta,adhigata SnA 425).(Page 407),6,1
  10025. 361883,en,15,pattiya,pattiya,Pattiya,Pattiya,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [grd.of pāpuṇāti; cp.pattabba] to be attained,to be shared or profited Pv.II,9<sup>31</sup> (para° profitable to others,see expl<sup>n</sup> at PvA.125).(Page 407),7,1
  10026. 361884,en,15,pattiya,pattiya,Pattiya,Pattiya,<sup>1</sup> (adj.n.) [for *pratyaya=paccaya,cp.Trenckner,Notes 7<sup>3</sup>,9] believing,trusting,relying J.V,414 (para°); (m.) belief,trust J.V,231 (parapattiyena by relying on others),233 (id.),414 (id.).(Page 407),7,1
  10027. 361892,en,15,pattiyati,pattīyati,Pattīyati,Pattīyati,[denom.fr.<i>patti<sup>2</sup></i>] to gain,to profit from (Acc.) Miln.240 (attānaṃ na p.does not profit from himself).(Page 407),9,1
  10028. 361897,en,15,pattiyayana,pattiyāyana,Pattiyāyana,Pattiyāyana,(nt.) [fr.pattiyāyati] belief J.V,402.(Page 407),11,1
  10029. 361909,en,15,pattiyayati,pattiyāyati,Pattiyāyati,Pattiyāyati,[denom.fr.<i>pattiya<sup>1</sup></i>] to believe,trust,rely on J.I,426; V,403; DA.I,73.(Page 407),11,1
  10030. 361931,en,15,pattoli,paṭṭoli,Paṭṭoli,Paṭṭoli,in yāna° at Vism.328 is doubtful.It might be read as yāna-kaḷopi (on account of comb<sup>n</sup> with kumbhimukha),or (preferably) as putoḷi (with v.l.BB),which is a regular variant for mutoli.The trsl<sup>n</sup> would be “provision bag for a carriage.” See further discussed under mutoḷi.(Page 402),7,1
  10031. 361982,en,15,patu,paṭu,Paṭu,Paṭu,(adj.) [cp.Epic.Sk.paṭu] sharp,pungent; fig.keen,wise,clever,skilful Vism.337 (°saññākicca),338.Cp.paddha<sup>1</sup> &#38; pāṭava.(Page 402),4,1
  10032. 362020,en,15,patuka,pāṭuka,Pāṭuka,Pāṭuka, &#38; Pāṭubha only neg.<i>a°</i> (q.v.).(Page 451),6,1
  10033. 362034,en,15,patukamyata,pātukamyatā,Pātukamyatā,Pātukamyatā,is frequent v.l.for <i>cāṭu-kamyatā</i>,which is probably the correct reading (see this).The meaning (according to Vism.27=VbhA.483) is “putting oneself low,” i.e.flattery,“fawning” (Vism.trsl.32).A still more explicit def<sup>n</sup> is found at VbhA.338.The diff.spellings are as follows:<i>cāṭukamyatā</i> Vism.17,27; KhA 236; VbhA.338,483; <i>cāṭukammatā</i> Miln.370; <i>pāṭukamyatā</i> Vbh.246; <i>pātukamyatā</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 39.See standing phrase under mugga-sūpyatā.(Page 452),11,1
  10034. 362077,en,15,patuppadana,paṭuppādana,Paṭuppādana,Paṭuppādana,(nt.) [paṭa (?) +upp°] subtraction (opp.saṅkalana) DA.I,95.The word is not clear (cp.Dial.I.22).(Page 402),11,1
  10035. 362087,en,15,patur,pātur,Pātur,Pātur,(-°) <i>(°pātu)</i> (indecl.) [cp.Vedic prāduḥ in prādur+ <i>bhu</i>; on t for d see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 39<sup>4</sup>.As regards etym.Monier Williams suggests prā=pra+dur,door,thus “before the door,openly”; cp.dvāra] visible,open,manifest; only in comp<sup>n</sup> with <i>kṛ</i> and <i>bhū</i>,and with the rule that pātu° appears before cons.,whereas pātur° stands before vowels.(1) with <i>kṛ</i> (to make appear):pres.<i>pātukaroti</i> Sn.316; J.IV,7; Pug.30; SnA 423; aor.<i>pātvākāsi</i> S.II,254; DhA.II,64; pp.<i>pātukata</i> Vv 84<sup>41</sup>.-- (2) with <i>bhū</i> (to become manifest,to appear):pres.<i>pātubhavati</i> D.I,220; D.II,12,15,20,226; M.I,445; S IV 78; Pv.II,9<sup>41</sup> (pot.°bhaveyyuṃ); aor.<i>pāturahosi</i> [cp.BSk.prādurabhūt Jtm.211] Vin.I,5; D.I,215; II,20; S.I,137; Pv.II,8<sup>6</sup>; Miln.10,18; VvA.188; pl.<i>pāturahaṃsu</i> J.I,11, &#38; <i>°ahiṃsu</i> J.I,54.‹-› pp.<i>pātubhūta</i> S.III,39; Dhs.1035; PvA.44.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> making visible,manifestation S.II,254; DhA.IV,198.<i>--bhāva</i> appearance,coming into manifestation M.I,50; S.II,3; IV,78; A.I,266; II,130; Sn.560,998; J.I,63; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Vism.437.(Page 452),5,1
  10036. 362115,en,15,patuva,paṭuva,Paṭuva,Paṭuva,at D.I,54 is read as pacuṭa by Bdhgh. &#38; trsl<sup>n</sup> (see Dial.I.72).See under <i>pavuṭā</i>.(Page 402),6,1
  10037. 362121,en,15,patva,patvā,Patvā,Patvā,see <i>pāpuṇāti</i>.(Page 408),5,1
  10038. 362138,en,15,pavacana,pāvacana,Pāvacana,Pāvacana,(nt.) [pa+vacana,with lengthening of first a (see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 331)] a word,esp.the word of the Buddha D I,88; S.II,259; Th.1,587; 2,457.(Page 455),8,1
  10039. 362146,en,15,pavacchati,pavacchati,Pavacchati,Pavacchati,[Sk.prayacchati] see anu°, &#38; cp.<i>pavecchati</i>.(Page 442),10,1
  10040. 362150,en,15,pavada,pavāda,Pavāda,Pavāda,[pa+<em>vad</em>,cp.Epic Sk.pravāda talk,saying] talk,disputation,discussion D.I,26,162; M.I,63; Sn.538.(Page 443),6,1
  10041. 362154,en,15,pavadaka,pavādaka,Pavādaka,Pavādaka,(adj.) [fr.pavāda] 1.belonging to a discussion,intended for disputation D.I,178 (samaya° “debating hall”).-- 2.fond of discussing Miln.4 (bhassa° “fond of wordy disputation”).Cp.<i>pavādiya</i>.(Page 443),8,1
  10042. 362158,en,15,pavadati,pavadati,Pavadati,Pavadati,[pa+<em>vad</em>] to speak out,speak to,talk,dispute; ppr.<i>pavadanto</i> S.I,42 (trsl.“predicate”); Nd<sup>1</sup> 293.-- aor.<i>pāvādi</i> ThA.71.-- Cp.<i>pāvadati</i>.(Page 443),8,1
  10043. 362161,en,15,pavadati,pāvadati,Pāvadati,Pāvadati,[=pavadati] to speak out,to tell,show J.II,439; Pv IV.1<sup>48</sup>; PvA.118.(Page 455),8,1
  10044. 362166,en,15,pavaddha,pavaḍḍha,Pavaḍḍha,Pavaḍḍha,[pp.of pavaḍḍhati] grown up,increased,big,strong J.V,340 (°kāya of huge stature; so read for pavaddha°; expl<sup>d</sup> as vaḍḍhita-kāya).(Page 442),8,1
  10045. 362182,en,15,pavaddhati,pavaḍḍhati,Pavaḍḍhati,Pavaḍḍhati,[pa+<em>vṛdh</em>] to grow up,to increase M.I,7; S.II,84,92; Sn.306 (3<sup>rd</sup> sg.praet.°atha); Dh.282,335,349; Pug.64; PvA.8 (puññaṃ).-- pp.<i>pavaḍḍha </i>&<i> pavuddha</i>.(Page 442),10,1
  10046. 362195,en,15,pavadiya,pavādiya,Pavādiya,Pavādiya,(adj.) [fr.pavāda,cp.pavādaka] belonging to a disputation,disputing,arguing,talking Sn.885 (n.pl.°āse,taken by Nd<sup>1</sup> 293 as pavadanti,by SnA 555 as vādino).(Page 443),8,1
  10047. 362206,en,15,pavahaka,pavāhaka,Pavāhaka,Pavāhaka,(adj.) [fr.pa+<em>vah</em>] carrying or driving away Th.1,758.(Page 444),8,1
  10048. 362209,en,15,pavahana,pavāhana,Pavāhana,Pavāhana,(adj. &#38; nt.) [fr.pa+<em>vah</em>] 1.carrying off,putting away,Th.1,751.-- 2.wiping off J.III,290.(Page 444),8,1
  10049. 362213,en,15,pavahati,pavāhati,Pavāhati,Pavāhati,[Caus.fr.pa+<em>vah</em>] 1.to cause to be carried away,to remove; freq.with ref.to water:to wash away,cleanse M.I,39; S.I,79,183 (pāpakammaṃ nahānena); II,88; Th.1,349; J.I,24; III,176,225,289; IV,367; V,134; VI,197; 588; Miln.247; Dāvs II.59; PvA.256.‹-› 2.to pull out,draw out D.I,77 (better to be read as pabāhati).(Page 444),8,1
  10050. 362229,en,15,pavahitatta,pavāhitatta,Pavāhitatta,Pavāhitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.pavāhita,pp.of pavāheti] the fact of being removed or cleansed J.V,134.(Page 444),11,1
  10051. 362233,en,15,pavajati,pavajati,Pavajati,Pavajati,[pa+<em>vraj</em>] to wander forth,go about,perambulate; ppr.<i>pavajamāna</i> S.I,42 (but may be pavajjamāna “being predicated” in play of word with act.pavadanto in same verse).(Page 442),8,1
  10052. 362235,en,15,pavajjana,pavajjana,Pavajjana,Pavajjana,(nt.) [fr.pavajjati,Pass.of pavadati] sounding,playing of music VvA.210.(Page 442),9,1
  10053. 362239,en,15,pavajjati,pavajjati,Pavajjati,Pavajjati,[Pass.of pavadati] to sound forth to be played (of music) J.I,64 (pavajjayiṃsu,3<sup>rd</sup> pl.aor.); VvA.96 (pavajjamāna ppr.med.).(Page 442),9,1
  10054. 362246,en,15,pavaka,pāvaka,Pāvaka,Pāvaka,(adj.n.) [fr.<em>pu</em>,Vedic pāvaka] 1.(adj.) pure,bright,clear,shining J.V,419.-- 2.(m.) the fire S.I,69; A.IV,97; Dh.71,140; J.IV,26; V,63 (=kaṇha-vattanin) VI,236 (=aggi C.); Pv.I,85; Vism.170 (=aggi).(Page 455),6,1
  10055. 362258,en,15,pavakkhati,pavakkhati,Pavakkhati,Pavakkhati,[fut.of pa+<em>vac</em>] only in 1<sup>st</sup> sq.<i>pavakkhāmi</i> “I will declare or explain” Sn.701,963=1050 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 482 &#38; Nd<sup>2</sup> under brūmi).(Page 442),10,1
  10056. 362265,en,15,pavala,pavāla,Pavāla,Pavāla, &#38; Pavāḷa (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Class Sk.prabāla,pravāḍa &#38; pravāla] 1.coral J.I,394 (°ratta-kambala); II,88; IV,142; Miln.267 (with other jewels),380 (id.); SnA 117; VvA.112 (°ratana).-- 2.a sprout,young branch,shoot J.III,389,395 (kāḷa-valli°); V,207; Nett 14 (°aṅkura); SnA 91 (id.).(Page 443),6,1
  10057. 362279,en,15,pavala,pāvāḷa,Pāvāḷa,Pāvāḷa,[see pavāḷa] hair; only in cpd.°nipphoṭanā pulling out one’s hair S.IV,300.(Page 456),6,1
  10058. 362290,en,15,pavalha,pavāḷha,Pavāḷha,Pavāḷha,[apparently pp.of pavahati (pavāheti),but in reality pp.of pa+<em>bṛh</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>,corresp.to Sk.prabṛdha (pravṛdha),cp.abbūlha &#38; ubbahati (ud+<em>bṛh</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>),but cp.also ubbāḷha which is pp.of ud+<em>bādh</em>.At D.I,77 (where v.l.pabbāḷha=pabūḷha,unexpl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh) it is synonymous with uddharati=ubbahati] 1.carried away (?),turned away,distracted,dismissed S.III,91 (bhikkhu-saṅgho p.).-- 2.drawn forth,pulled out,taken out D.I,77=Ps.II,211=Vism.406 (muñjamhā isīkā p.); J.VI,67 (muñjā v’isikā p.).(Page 443),7,1
  10059. 362299,en,15,pavana,pavana,Pavana,Pavana,<sup>3</sup> at Vin.II,136 in cpd.<i>pavan-anta</i> refers to the end of the girdle (kāyabandhana),where it is tied into a loop or knot.Bdhgh on p.319 (on C.V,V,29,2) expl<sup>s</sup> it by pās’anta.(Page 443),6,1
  10060. 362300,en,15,pavana,pavana,Pavana,Pavana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Vedic pravaṇa; not with Müller,P.Gr.24=upavana; perhaps=Lat.pronus “prone”] side of a mountain,declivity D.II,254; M.I,117; S.I,26; II,95,105; Th.1,1092; J.I,28; II,180; VI,513; Cp.I.1<sup>5</sup>,10<sup>1</sup>; III,13<sup>1</sup>; Miln.91,198 sq.,364,408; Vism.345.Cp.Pavananagara SnA 583 (v.l.BB for Tumbavanagara=Vanasavhaya).Note.Kern,Toev.s.v.defends Müller’s (after Subhūti) interpretation as “wood,woodland,” and compares BSk.pavana MVastu II.272,382.(Page 443),6,1
  10061. 362301,en,15,pavana,pavana,Pavana,Pavana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.pavana &#38; pāvana,of <em>pū</em>] winnowing of grain Miln.201 (read pavanena ṭṭhāyiko who earned his living by winnowing gṛain).(Page 443),6,1
  10062. 362313,en,15,pavapati,pavapati,Pavapati,Pavapati,[pa+<em>vap</em>] to sow out Th.2,112.(Page 443),8,1
  10063. 362320,en,15,pavara,pavara,Pavara,Pavara,(adj.) [pa+vara] most excellent,noble,distinguished S.III,264; Sn.83,646,698 (muni°); Dh.422; Pug.69; Miln.246; PvA.2 (°dhamma-cakka),67 (id.),39 (°buddh’āsana); Sdhp.421.(Page 443),6,1
  10064. 362330,en,15,pavara,pāvāra,Pāvāra,Pāvāra,[fr.pa+<em>vṛ</em>] 1.a cloak,mantle Vin.I,281; J.V,409 (expld as pavara-dibba-vattha!).- 2.the mango tree KhA 58 (°puppha; Vism.258 at id.p.has pāvāraka°).(Page 456),6,1
  10065. 362340,en,15,pavarana,pavāraṇā,Pavāraṇā,Pavāraṇā,(f.) [pa+<em>vṛ</em>,cp.BSk.pravāraṇā Divy 91,93; whereas Epic Sk.pravāraṇa,nt.,only in sense of “satisfaction”] 1.the Pavāraṇā,a ceremony at the termination of the Vassa Vin.I,155,160 (where 2 kinds:cātuddasikā &#38; pannarasikā),II.32.167; D.II,220; S.I,190.<i>pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapeti</i> to fix or determine the (date of) P.Vin.II,32,276.Later two kinds of this ceremony (festival) are distinguished,viz.<i>mahā°</i> the great P.and <i>°saṅgaha</i>,an abridged P.(see DA.I,241) J.I,29,82,193 (mahā°); Vism.391 (id.); SnA 57 (id.); VvA.67 (id.); PvA.140 (id.); -- 2.satisfaction Vism.71.(Page 443),8,1
  10066. 362361,en,15,pavareti,pavāreti,Pavāreti,Pavāreti,[Caus.of pa+<em>vṛ</em>,cp.BSk.pravārayati Divy 116,283,etc.] 1.to invite,offer,present,satisfy S.I,190; A.IV,79; J.III,352.-- 2.to celebrate the Pavāraṇā (i.e.to come to the end of the Vassa) Vin.I,160 sq.; II,255; DhA.I,87; J.I,29,215; IV,243 (vuttha-vassa p.); Vism.90; SnA 57.-- pp.<i>pavārita</i> (q.v.) See also sam°.(Page 443),8,1
  10067. 362369,en,15,pavarika,pāvārika,Pāvārika,Pāvārika,[fr.pāvāra] a cloak-seller (?) Vin.IV,250.(Page 456),8,1
  10068. 362378,en,15,pavarita,pavārita,Pavārita,Pavārita,[pp.of pavāreti] 1.satisfied M.I,12 (+paripuṇṇa pariyosita); Miln.231; Vism.71.-- 2.having come to the end of the rainy season Vin.I,175.-- Freq.in formula <i>bhuttāvin pavārita</i> having eaten &#38; being satisfied Vin.I,213 (cp.Vin.Texts I.39); II,300; IV,82; PvA.23.(Page 443),8,1
  10069. 362392,en,15,pavasa,pavāsa,Pavāsa,Pavāsa,[fr.pa+<em>vas</em>,cp.Vedic pravāsa in same meaning] sojourning abroad,being away from home J.II,123; V,434; VI,150; Miln.314.-- Cp.vi°.(Page 444),6,1
  10070. 362401,en,15,pavasati,pavasati,Pavasati,Pavasati,[pa+<em>vas</em>] to “live forth,” i.e.to be away from home,to dwell abroad Sn.899; J.II,123 (=pavasaṃ gacchati); V,91.-- pp.<i>pavuttha</i> (q.v.).Cp.vi°.(Page 443),8,1
  10071. 362416,en,15,pavasin,pavāsin,Pavāsin,Pavāsin,(adj.) [fr.pavāsa] living abroad or from home,in <i>cira°</i> long absent Dh.219 (=cirappavuttha DhA.III,293).(Page 444),7,1
  10072. 362417,en,15,pavasita,pavāsita,Pavāsita,Pavāsita,1.(perhaps we should read pavārita?) given as present,honoured J.V,377 (=pesita C.).-- 2.(so perhaps to be read for pavūsita T.) scented,permeated with scent [pp.of pavāseti] VvA.237 (v.l.padhūpita preferable).(Page 444),8,1
  10073. 362425,en,15,pavassana,pavassana,Pavassana,Pavassana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>vṛṣ</em>] beginning to rain,raining Miln.120.(Page 443),9,1
  10074. 362433,en,15,pavassati,pavassati,Pavassati,Pavassati,[pa+<em>vṛṣ</em>] to “rain forth,” to begin to rain,shed rain S.I,100; Sn.18 sq.(imper.pavassa),353 (v.l.); J.VI,500 (“cry”),587 (aor.pāvassi).-- pp.<i>pavaṭṭha </i>&<i> pavuṭṭha</i>:see abhi°.(Page 443),9,1
  10075. 362443,en,15,pavassi,pāvassi,Pāvassi,Pāvassi,see <i>pavassati</i>.(Page 456),7,1
  10076. 362451,en,15,pavata,pavāta,Pavāta,Pavāta,(nt.) [pa+vāta,cp.Vedic pravāta] a draught of air,breeze Vin.II,79 (opp.nivāta).(Page 443),6,1
  10077. 362457,en,15,pavati,pavati,Pavati,Pavati,<sup>2</sup> [of <em>plu</em>,cp.Vedic <i>plavate</i> to swim &#38; Epic Sk.<i>pravate</i> to jump] to hurry on,to rush VvA.42 (but better read with v.l.<i>patati</i> as syn.of gacchati).(Page 442),6,1
  10078. 362458,en,15,pavati,pavati,Pavati,Pavati,<sup>1</sup> [pa+<em>vā</em>] to blow forth,to yield a scent Th.1,528 (=gandhaṃ vissajjati C.).See <i>pavāti</i>.(Page 442),6,1
  10079. 362467,en,15,pavati,pavāti,Pavāti,Pavāti,[pa+<em>vā</em>] to diffuse a scent Dh.54; Th.1,528; J.V,63 (disā bhāti p.ca).See also <i>pavāyati</i>.(Page 443),6,1
  10080. 362476,en,15,pavatta,pavatta,Pavatta,Pavatta,(adj.) [pp.of pavattati] 1.(adj.) happening,going on,procedure,resulting Th.2,220 (assu ca pavattaṃ,taken by Mrs.Rh.D.as “tears shed”); ThA.179; PvA.35,83 (gāthāyo),120,esp.with ref.to natural products as “that which comes,” i.e.normal,natural,raw; <i>°phala</i> ready or natural,wild fruit (gained without exertion of picking),in cpds.<i>°phalika</i> SnA 295 sq.; <i>°bhojana</i> (adj.) J.I,6; III,365; Vism.422,and,<i>°bhojin</i> one who lives on wild fruit (a certain class of ascetics,tāpasā) D.I,101; M.I,78,343; A.I,241; II,206; cp.DA.I,269 sq. &#38; SnA 295,296.<i>°maṃsa</i> fresh or raw meat (flesh) Vin.I,217 (cp.Vin.Texts II.81).-- 2.(nt.) “that which goes on,” i.e.the circle or whirl of existence Miln.197,326 (cp.Miln.trsl<sup>n</sup> II.200 “starting afresh in innumerable births,” quot.fr.C.),opp.<i>appavatta</i> freedom from Saṃsāra,i.e.Nibbāna ibid.-- 3.founded on,dealing with,relating to,being in S.IV,115 (kuraraghare p.pabbata); DA.I,92 (ādinaya°),217 (°pīti-sukha being in a state of happiness).(Page 442),7,1
  10081. 362497,en,15,pavattana,pavattana,Pavattana,Pavattana,(adj.nt.) [fr.pavattati] 1.moving forward,doing good,beneficial,useful; f.°i M.I,214; Pug.35 (spelt pavattinī in T.as well as Pug.A 218).-- 2.execution,performance,carrying out Miln.277 (āṇā,° cp.pavatti).(Page 442),9,1
  10082. 362512,en,15,pavattapanatta,pavattāpanatta,Pavattāpanatta,Pavattāpanatta,(nt.) [fr.Caus.II.of pavatteti=pavattāpeti] making continue,keeping going,preservation,upkeep Vism.32 (T.°attha).(Page 443),14,1
  10083. 362520,en,15,pavattar,pavattar,Pavattar,Pavattar,[n.ag.of either pa+<em>vac</em> or pa+<em>vṛt</em>,the latter more probable considering similar use of parivatteti.The P.commentators take it as either] one who keeps up or keeps going,one who hands on (the tradition),an expounder,teacher D.I,104 (mantānaṃ p.=pavattayitar DA.I,273); S.IV,94; Dh.76 (nidhīnaṃ p.=ācikkhitar DhA.II,107).(Page 443),8,1
  10084. 362529,en,15,pavattati,pavattati,Pavattati,Pavattati,[pa+vattati,<em>vṛt</em>] (intrs.) 1.to move on,go forward,proceed Pv.I,5<sup>7</sup>; PvA.8,131; of water:to flow S.II,31; J.II,104; PvA.143,154,198.-- 2.to exist,to be,continue in existence J.I,64; PvA.130 (opp.ucchijjati).-- 3.to result,to go on PvA.45 (phalaṃ),60 (vippaṭisār’aggi).-- pp.<i>pavatta;</i> Caus.<i>pavatteti</i> (q.v.).(Page 442),9,1
  10085. 362537,en,15,pavattayitar,pavattayitar,Pavattayitar,Pavattayitar,[n.ag.to pavatteti] one who sets into motion or keeps up DA.I,273 (see foll.).(Page 443),12,1
  10086. 362550,en,15,pavatteti,pavatteti,Pavatteti,Pavatteti,[Caus.of pavattati] (trs.) 1.to send forth,set going Vin.I,87 (assūni); S.II,282 (id.) J.I,147 (selagulaṃ pavaṭṭ°); esp.in phrase <i>dhammacakkaṃ</i> p.to inaugurate the reign of righteousness Vin.I,8,11; M.I,171; S.III,86; Sn.693; Miln.20,343; VvA.165; PvA.21,etc.-- 2.to cause,produce,make arise J.II,102 (mah’oghaṃ); Miln.219.-- 3.to give forth,bestow,give (<i>dānaṃ</i> a gift) Vin.IV,5 (spelt ṭṭ); PvA.19,123,139.-- 4.to continue,keep on,practise,go on with DhA.I,257; PvA.29 (attabhāvaṃ),42 (kammante).-- 5.to move about,behave,linger DhA.I,14 (ṭṭ).‹-› 6.to display,execute,wield,enforce Miln.189 (āṇaṃ; cp.āṇāpavatti).-- pp.<i>pavattita</i> (q.v.).(Page 443),9,1
  10087. 362569,en,15,pavatti,pavatti,Pavatti,Pavatti,(f.) [fr.pa+<em>vṛt</em>] 1.manifestation,wielding,execution,giving,in <i>āṇā°</i> royal authority J.III,504; IV,145; ThA.283.-- 2.happening,incident,news J.I,125,150; II,416; Vism.91; PvA.6,17,29,35,92,152,242,etc.; DhA.I,80 (v.l.pavutti).Cp.<i>pavutti</i>.(Page 443),7,1
  10088. 362583,en,15,pavattin,pavattin,Pavattin,Pavattin,(adj.) [fr.pa+<em>vṛt</em>] 1.advancing,moving forward,proceeding,effective,beneficial; only in phrase <i>dhammā pavattino</i> A.I,279; DA.I,4=PvA.2; and in <i>suppavattin</i> (good-flowing,i.e.well-recited?) A.IV,140 (of pātimokkha; trs<sup>ld</sup> as “thoroughly mastered” J.P.T.S.1909,199,V,71 (id.).-- 2.going on,procedure (in f.°inī) Vin.II,271 sq.,277.(Page 443),8,1
  10089. 362597,en,15,pavattita,pavattita,Pavattita,Pavattita,[pp.of pavatteti] set going,inaugurated,established Vin.I,11 (dhammacakka); M.III,29,77; S.I,191; Sn.556,557 (dhammacakka); PvA.67 (id.),140 (saṅgīti); SnA 454.(Page 443),9,1
  10090. 362614,en,15,pavayati,pavāyati,Pavāyati,Pavāyati,[pa+<em>vā</em>] to blow forth,to permeate (of a scent),to diffuse J.I,18 (dibba-gandho p.); Vism.58 (dasa disā sīla-gandho p.).Cp.<i>pavāti</i>.(Page 443),8,1
  10091. 362619,en,15,pavayha,pavayha,Pavayha,Pavayha,(adv.) [ger.of pavahati] carrying on,pressing,urgently,constantly,always repeated as pavayha pavayha M.III,118=DhA.II,108; M.I,442,444.(Page 443),7,1
  10092. 362629,en,15,pavecchati,pavecchati,Pavecchati,Pavecchati,[most likely (as suggested by Trenckner,Notes 61) a distortion of payacchati (pa+yam) by way of *payecchati›pavecchati (cp.sa-yathā›seyyathā).Not with Morris,J.P.T.S.1885,43 fr.pa+vṛṣ,nor with Müller P.Gr.120 fr.pa+viṣ (who with this derivation follows the P.Commentators,e.g.J.III,12 pavesati,deti; SnA 407 (pavesati paṭipādeti); Geiger P.Gr.§ 152,note 3 suggests (doubtfully) a Fut.stem (of viś?)] to give,bestow S.I,18; Sn.463 sq.,490 sq.; Th.2,272; J.I,28; III,12 (v.l.pavacchati),172; IV,363; VI,502,587 (vuṭṭhi-dhāraṃ pavecchanto devo pāvassi tāvade; v.l.pavattento); Pv.II,9<sup>43</sup> (=deti PvA.130); II,9<sup>70</sup> (=pavatteti ibid.139); II,10<sup>7</sup> (=deti ibid.144); Miln.375.<br><br> another der<sup>n</sup> suggested by Dr.Barnett in J.R.A.S.1924,186 is=Sk.pra-vṛścati.(Page 445),10,1
  10093. 362637,en,15,pavedana,pavedana,Pavedana,Pavedana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>vid</em>] making known,telling,proclamation,announcement only in stanza “nisīd’ambavane ramme yāva kālappavedanā,” until the announcement of the time (of death) Th.1,563 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “until the hour should be revealed”)=J.I,118=Vism.389=DhA.I,248.(Page 445),8,1
  10094. 362651,en,15,pavedeti,pavedeti,Pavedeti,Pavedeti,[Caus.of pa+<em>vid</em>] to make known,to declare,communicate,relate S.I,24; IV,348; Dh.151; Sn.p.103 (=bodheti ñāpeti SnA 444); PvA.33,58,68 (attānaṃ make oneself known),120.-- pp.pavedita (q.v.).(Page 445),8,1
  10095. 362665,en,15,pavedhati,pavedhati,Pavedhati,Pavedhati,[pa+<em>vyath</em>,cp.pavyatheti] to be afflicted,to be frightened,to be agitated,quiver,tremble,fear Sn.928 (=tasati etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 384); Vism.180 (reads pavedheti) ThA.203 (allavatthaṃ allakesaṃ pavedhanto,misreading for pavesento); DhA.II,249.-- Freq in ppr.med.pavedhamāna trembling M.I,88; Pv III,5<sup>5</sup> (=pakampamāna PvA.199); J.I,58; III,395.-- pp.pavedhita &#38; pavyadhita (q.v.).(Page 445),9,1
  10096. 362679,en,15,pavedita,pavedita,Pavedita,Pavedita,[pp.of pavedeti] made known,declared,taught M.I,67 (su° &#38; du°); S.I,231; Dh.79,281; Sn.171,330,838; Nd<sup>1</sup> 186.(Page 445),8,1
  10097. 362686,en,15,pavekkhati,pavekkhati,Pavekkhati,Pavekkhati,is fut.pavisati.(Page 445),10,1
  10098. 362691,en,15,pavellati,pavellati,Pavellati,Pavellati,[pa+<em>vell</em>] to shake,move to &#38; fro,undulate S.IV,289 (paveliyamānena kāyena); J.III,395.-- pp.pavellita (q.v.).(Page 445),9,1
  10099. 362692,en,15,pavellita,pavellita,Pavellita,Pavellita,[pp.of pavellati] shaken about,moving to &#38; fro,swinging,trembling J.VI,456.(Page 445),9,1
  10100. 362696,en,15,paveni,paveṇi,Paveṇi,Paveṇi,(f.) [pa+veṇi; cp.late Sk.praveṇi in meanings 1 &#38; 2] 1.a braid of hair,i.e.the hair twisted &#38; unadorned A.III,56 -- 2.a mat,cover D.I,7 ≈ (see ajina°).-- 3.custom,usage,wont,tradition J.I,89; II,353; V,285; VI,380 (kula-tanti,kula-paveṇi); Dpvs XVIII,1; Miln.134 (°upaccheda break of tradition),190,226 (+vaṃsa),227; DhA.I,284 (tanti+); PvA.131.-- 4.succession,lineage,breed,race Sn.26 (cp.SnA 39); DhA.I,174.<br><br> --pālaka guardian of tradition Vism.99 (tanti-dhara,vaṃsanurakkhaka+); DhA.III,386.(Page 445),6,1
  10101. 362714,en,15,pavesa,pavesa,Pavesa,Pavesa,(--°) [fr.pa+<em>viś</em>] entrance ThA.66 (Rājagaha°); DhA.IV,150.(Page 445),6,1
  10102. 362722,en,15,pavesana,pavesana,Pavesana,Pavesana,(nt.) [fr.paveseti] 1.going in,entering,entrance J.I,142; PvA.79 (v.l.for T.°vesa),217,221 (asipattavana°).-- 2.beginning VvA.71 (opp.nikkhamana).‹-› 3.putting in,application J.II,102 (daṇḍe p.).-- 4.means of entry,as adj.able to enter J.VI,383.(Page 445),8,1
  10103. 362735,en,15,pavesetar,pavesetar,Pavesetar,Pavesetar,[n.ag.of paveseti] one who lets in or allows to enter,an usher in S.IV,194; A.V,195.(Page 445),9,1
  10104. 362741,en,15,paveseti,paveseti,Paveseti,Paveseti,[Caus.of pavisati] 1.to make enter,allow to enter,usher in M.I,79; J.I,150 (miga-gaṇaṃ uyyānaṃ),291; VI,179; Vism.39; PvA.38,44,61 (gehaṃ),141 (id.); DhA.I,397.-- 2.to furnish,provide,introduce,procure,apply to (Acc.or Loc.) J.III,52 (rajjukaṃ gīvāya); VI,383 (siriṃ); Miln.39 (gehe padīpaṃ),360 (udakaṃ); DA.I,218.Perhaps at ThA.203 for pavedheti.‹-› Caus.II.pavesāpeti J.I,294 (mātugāmaṃ aggiṃ).(Page 445),8,1
  10105. 362765,en,15,pavibhajati,pavibhajati,Pavibhajati,Pavibhajati,[pa+vi+<em>bhaj</em>.Cp.Class Sk.pravibhāga division,distribution] to distribute,to apportion S.I,193 (°bhajjaṃ,ppr.,with jj metri causa)=Th.1,1242 (°bhajja ger.).(Page 444),11,1
  10106. 362769,en,15,pavicarati,pavicarati,Pavicarati,Pavicarati,[pa+vicarati] to investigate thoroughly M.III,85; S.V,68.(Page 444),10,1
  10107. 362773,en,15,pavicaya,pavicaya,Pavicaya,Pavicaya,[fr.pa+vicinati] investigation Sn.1021; Th.1,593; Pug.25; Nett 3,87.(Page 444),8,1
  10108. 362780,en,15,pavicinati,pavicinati,Pavicinati,Pavicinati,[pa+vicinati] to investigate,to examine M.III,85; S.V,68,262; Nett 21; SnA 545.grd.<i>paviceyya</i> J.IV,164, &#38; <i>pavicetabba</i> Nett 21.(Page 444),10,1
  10109. 362785,en,15,pavidamseti,pavidaṃseti,Pavidaṃseti,Pavidaṃseti,[pa+vi+Caus.of <em>dṛś</em><i>;</i> daṃseti=dasseti] to make clear,to reveal J.V,326 (aor.pavidaṃsayi).(Page 444),11,1
  10110. 362790,en,15,paviddha,paviddha,Paviddha,Paviddha,[pp.of pavijjhati] thrown down,fig.given up,abandoned Th.1,350 (°gocara).(Page 444),8,1
  10111. 362795,en,15,pavihi,pavīhi,Pavīhi,Pavīhi,[pa+vīhi] in pl.diff.kinds of rice J.V,405 (=nānappakārā vīhayo).(Page 444),6,1
  10112. 362799,en,15,pavijjhana,pavijjhana,Pavijjhana,Pavijjhana,(nt.) [fr.pavijjhati] hurling,throwing J.V,67 (Devadattassa silā°,cp.Vin.II,193); J.I,173; V,333.(Page 444),10,1
  10113. 362806,en,15,pavijjhati,pavijjhati,Pavijjhati,Pavijjhati,[pa+<em>vyadh</em>] to throw forth or down Vin.II,193 (silaṃ cp.J.I,173 &#38; V,333); III,82,178,415; DA.I,138,154.-- pp.<i>paviddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 444),10,1
  10114. 362818,en,15,pavikatthita,pavikatthita,Pavikatthita,Pavikatthita,[pp.of pa+vi+katthati] boasted J.I,359.(Page 444),12,1
  10115. 362822,en,15,paviliyati,pavilīyati,Pavilīyati,Pavilīyati,[pa+vi+<em>lī</em>] to be dissolved,to melt or fade away S.IV,289 (pavilīyamānena kāyena with their body melting from heat; so read for paveliyamānena).(Page 444),10,1
  10116. 362826,en,15,paviloketi,paviloketi,Paviloketi,Paviloketi,[pa+viloketi] to look forward or ahead J.VI,559.(Page 444),10,1
  10117. 362831,en,15,pavina,pavīṇa,Pavīṇa,Pavīṇa,(adj.) [cp.Class.Sk.pravīṇa] clever,skilful Dāvs.V,33; VvA.168 (v.l.kusala).(Page 444),6,1
  10118. 362834,en,15,pavinati,pavīnati,Pavīnati,Pavīnati,[pa+<em>vī</em> to seek,Sk.veti,but with diff.formation in P.cp.Trenckner,Notes 78 (who derives it fr.veṇ) &#38; apaviṇāti.The form is doubtful; probably we should read <i>pacināti</i>] to look up to,respect,honour J.III,387 (T.reading sure,but v.l.C.pavīrati).(Page 444),8,1
  10119. 362837,en,15,pavineti,pavineti,Pavineti,Pavineti,[pa+vineti] to lead or drive away,expel Sn.507=J.V,148.(Page 444),8,1
  10120. 362843,en,15,pavisa,pāvisa,Pāvisa,Pāvisa, &#38; Pāvekkhi see<i> pavisati</i>.(Page 456),6,1
  10121. 362846,en,15,pavisana,pavisana,Pavisana,Pavisana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>viś</em>] going in,entering,entrance J.I,294; II,416; VI,383; DhA.I,83.Cp.<i>pavesana</i>.(Page 444),8,1
  10122. 362858,en,15,pavisati,pavisati,Pavisati,Pavisati,[pa+<em>viś</em>] to go in,to enter (Acc.) Sn.668,673; DhA.II,72 (opp.nikkhamati); PvA.4,12,47 (nagaraṃ).Pot.<i>°vise</i> Sn.387 imper.<i>pavisa</i> M.I,383; S.I,213; fut.<i>pavisissati</i> Vin.I,87; J.III,86; <i>pavissati</i> (cp.Geiger P.Gr.§ 65<sup>2</sup>) J.II,68; Cp.I.9<sup>56</sup>,and <i>pavekkhati</i> S.IV,199; J.VI,76 (nāgo bhūmiyaṃ p.); Dāvs III,26; aor.<i>pāvisi</i> Vin.II,79 (vihāraṃ); M.I,381; J.I,76 (3<sup>rd</sup> pl.pāvisuṃ),213; J.II,238; Vism.42 (gāmaṃ) PvA.22,42,161,256; and pavisi J.II,238; PvA.12,35; ger.<i>pavisitvā</i> S.I,107; J.I,9 (araññaṃ); Vism.22; PvA.4,12,46,79 &#38; <i>pavissa</i> S.I,200; Dh.127=PvA.104.-- pp.<i>paviṭṭha</i> (q.v.).‹-› Caus.paveseti (q.v.).(Page 444),8,1
  10123. 362879,en,15,pavitakka,pavitakka,Pavitakka,Pavitakka,[pa+vitakka] scepticism,speculation,controversy Sn.834; Nd<sup>1</sup> 176.(Page 444),9,1
  10124. 362889,en,15,pavittha,paviṭṭha,Paviṭṭha,Paviṭṭha,[pp.of pavisati] entered,gone into (Acc.),visited S.I,197; II,19; Dh.373; DA.I,288; PvA.12,13.(Page 444),8,1
  10125. 362901,en,15,paviveka,paviveka,Paviveka,Paviveka,[fr.pa+vi+<em>vic</em>] retirement,solitude,seclusion Vin.I,104; II,258 (appicchatā santuṭṭhi+; cp.pavivitta); D.I,60; M.I,14 sq.; S.II,202; V,398; A.I,240; Sn.257; Dh.205 (°rasa,cp.DhA.III,268); Th.1,597; J.I,9; Ps.II,244; Vism.41,73 (°sukha-rasa); Sdhp.476; DA.I,169.(Page 444),8,1
  10126. 362911,en,15,pavivekata,pavivekatā,Pavivekatā,Pavivekatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.paviveka]=paviveka Vism.81 (appicchatā etc.in enum<sup>n</sup> of the 5 dhuta-dhammas).(Page 444),10,1
  10127. 362913,en,15,pavivekiya,pavivekiya,Pavivekiya,Pavivekiya,(adj.) [fr.paviveka] springing from solitude Th.1,669.(Page 444),10,1
  10128. 362921,en,15,pavivitta,pavivitta,Pavivitta,Pavivitta,[pp.of pa+vi+<em>vic</em>] separated,detached,secluded,singled M.I,14,77,386; II,6; S.II,29; Vism.73; PvA.127 DhA.II,77.Often in phrase <i>appiccha santuṭṭha pavivitta</i> referring to an ascetic enjoying the satisfaction of seclusion Nd<sup>2</sup> 225=Nd<sup>1</sup> 342<sup>1Q</sup>=Vism.25; J.I,107; Miln.244,358,371 (with appa-sadda appanigghosa).(Page 444),9,1
  10129. 362933,en,15,pavuccati,pavuccati,Pavuccati,Pavuccati,[Pass.of pavacati] to be called,said,or pronounced Sn.436,513,611 &#38; passim; Dh.257; Pv IV.3<sup>47</sup>; PvA.102.The form <i>pavuccate</i> also occurs,e.g.at Sn.519 sq.-- pp.<i>pavutta<sup>1</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 444),9,1
  10130. 362942,en,15,pavurana,pāvuraṇa,Pāvuraṇa,Pāvuraṇa,(nt.) [fr.pa+ā+<em>vṛ</em>; see pāpuraṇa &#38; pārupana] cloak,mantle M.I,359; Vin.IV,255,289; ThA.22.(Page 456),8,1
  10131. 362949,en,15,pavusa,pāvusa,Pāvusa,Pāvusa,[pa+<em>vṛṣ</em>,cp.Vedic prāvṛṣa &#38; pravarṣa] 1.rain,the rainy season (its first 2 months) Th.1,597; J.V,202,206.-- 2.a sort of fish J.IV,70 (gloss pāgusa,q.v.).(Page 456),6,1
  10132. 362953,en,15,pavusita,pavūsita,Pavūsita,Pavūsita,at VvA.237 is misreading either for pavāsita or (more likely) for padhūpita (as v.l.SS.),in meaning “blown” i.e.scented,filled with scent.(Page 445),8,1
  10133. 362959,en,15,pavussaka,pāvussaka,Pāvussaka,Pāvussaka,(adj.) [fr.pāvusa] raining,shedding rain M.I.306; S.V,51; A.IV,127; J.I,95,96; Miln.114.(Page 456),9,1
  10134. 362963,en,15,pavuta,pavuṭā,Pavuṭā,Pavuṭā,at M.I,518 is unexplained.The reading of this word is extremely doubtful at all passages.The vv.ll.at M.I,518 are pavudhā,pavujā,paṭuvā,*phutā,and the C.expl<sup>n</sup> is pavuṭā=<i>gaṇṭhikā</i> (knot or block?).The identical passage at D.I,54 reads <i>paṭuvā</i> (q.v.),with vv.ll.pamuṭā,pamuvucā,while DA.I,164 expl<sup>s</sup> <i>pacuṭā</i> =gaṇṭhikā (vv.ll.pamuṭā,pamucā,papuṭā).Dial.I.72 reads <i>pacuṭa</i>,but leaves the word untranslated; Franke,Dīgha,p.58 ditto.(Page 444),6,1
  10135. 362967,en,15,pavutta,pavutta,Pavutta,Pavutta,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of pa+<em>vap</em>] scattered forth,strewn,sown S.I,227.(Page 444),7,1
  10136. 362968,en,15,pavutta,pavutta,Pavutta,Pavutta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of pa+<em>vac</em>,but sometimes confounded with pavatta,pp.of pa+<em>vṛt</em>,cp.pavutti] said,declared,pronounced D.I,104 (mantapada p.; v.l.°vatta which is more likely; but DA.I,273 expl<sup>s</sup> by vutta &#38; vācita); S.I,52; Sn.383 (su°=sudesita SnA 373),868 (=ācikkhita desita,etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 271).(Page 444),7,1
  10137. 362972,en,15,pavuttha,pavuṭṭha,Pavuṭṭha,Pavuṭṭha,(pavaṭṭha) [pp.of pavassati] see <i>abhi°</i>.(Page 444),8,1
  10138. 362979,en,15,pavuttha,pavuttha,Pavuttha,Pavuttha,[pp.of pavasati] dwelling or living abroad,staying away from home D.II,261 (°jāti one who dwells away from his caste,i.e.who no longer belongs to any caste); J.V,434; DhA.III,293.Freq.in phrase <i>pavutthapatikā</i> itthi a woman whose husband dwells abroad Vin.II,268; III,83; Miln.205.(Page 445),8,1
  10139. 362984,en,15,pavutti,pavutti,Pavutti,Pavutti,[fr.pa+<em>vṛt</em>,cp.Class.Sk.pravṛtti] happening,proceeding,fate,event PvA.31 (v.l.pavatti),46,53,61,78,81 and passim (perhaps should be read pavatti at all passages).(Page 444),7,1
  10140. 362987,en,15,pavyadhita,pavyadhita,Pavyadhita,Pavyadhita,[pp.of pa+vyath; the dh through analogy with pavedhita] afflicted,frightened,afraid J.VI,61,166.(Page 445),10,1
  10141. 362991,en,15,pavyatheti,pavyatheti,Pavyatheti,Pavyatheti,[Caus.of pa+<em>vyath</em>] to cause to tremble,to shake J.V,409.Cp.pavedhati.-- pp.<i>pavyadhita </i>(q.v.).(Page 445),10,1
  10142. 362997,en,15,paya,paya,Paya,Paya,(nt.) [Ved.payas,nt,of <em>pī</em>] milk,juice J.I,204; VI,572.(Page 417),4,1
  10143. 363005,en,15,paya,pāya,Pāya,Pāya,[fr.pa+ā+<em>yā</em>] setting out,starting S.II,218 (nava° newly setting out); Instr.<i>pāyena</i> (adv.) for the most part,commonly,usually J.V,490; DA.I,275 (so read for pāṭhena).(Page 454),4,1
  10144. 363009,en,15,payacchati,payacchati,Payacchati,Payacchati,[pa+yacchati of <em>yam</em>] to offer,present,give Dpvs XI.28; Pgdp 63,72,77 sq.-- pp.<i>payata</i> (q.v.).(Page 417),10,1
  10145. 363018,en,15,payaka,pāyaka,Pāyaka,Pāyaka,(-°) [fr.<em>pā</em> to drink] drinking J.I,252 (vāruṇi°) (Page 454),6,1
  10146. 363037,en,15,payasa,pāyāsa,Pāyāsa,Pāyāsa,[cp.Class.Sk.pāyāsa] rice boiled in milk,milk-rice,rice porridge S.I,166; Sn.p.15; J.I,50,68; IV,391; V,211; Vism.41; SnA 151; DhA.I,171; II,88; VvA.32.(Page 454),6,1
  10147. 363058,en,15,payata,payata,Payata,Payata,[pp.of payacchati] restrained,composed,purified,pure D.I,103 (=abhiharitvā dinna); A.III,313; Th.1,348,359 (°atta); It.101 (°pāṇin)=Miln.215; Sn.240 (=sakkāra-karaṇena p.alaṅkata SnA 284); Vism.224 (°pāṇin=parisuddha-hattha); Sdhp.100.(Page 417),6,1
  10148. 363064,en,15,payata,payāta,Payāta,Payāta,[pp.of payāti] gone forth,set out,proceeded Pv IV.5<sup>6</sup> (=gantuṃ āraddha PvA.260); J.III,188,190.Strange is “evaṃ nānappayātamhi” at Th.1,945 (Mrs.Rh.D.“thus when so much is fallen away”; Neumann “in solcher Drangsal,solcher Not”).-- <i>duppayāta</i> going or gone wrong,strayed Vv 84<sup>9</sup> (=duṭṭhu payātha apathe gata VvA.337).(Page 418),6,1
  10149. 363067,en,15,payata,pāyāta,Pāyāta,Pāyāta,[pp of pāyāti] gone forth,set out,started J.I,146.(Page 454),6,1
  10150. 363071,en,15,payatana,payatana,Payatana,Payatana,(nt.) [cp.Sk.prayatna,of <em>yat</em>] striving after,effort,endeavour KhA 108.(Page 418),8,1
  10151. 363081,en,15,payati,payāti,Payāti,Payāti,[pa+<i>yā</i>] to go forward,set out,proceed,step out,advance,only aor <i>pāyāsi</i> J.I,146,223,255; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>pāyiṃsu</i> J.I,253 and <i>pāyesuṃ</i> J.IV,220.-- pp.<i>payāta</i>,(q.v.).See also <i>pāyāti</i>.(Page 418),6,1
  10152. 363090,en,15,payati,pāyāti,Pāyāti,Pāyāti,[pra+ā+<em>yā</em>] to set out,start,go forth DhA.II,42; aor.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>pāyāsi</i> D.II,73; J.I,64,223; III,333; VvA.64; PvA.272; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>pāyesuṃ</i> J.IV,220,and <i>pāyiṃsu</i> D.II,96; J.I,253; DhA.III,257.-- pp.<i>pāyāta</i> (q.v.).See also the quasi synonymous <i>abhiyāti</i>.(Page 454),6,1
  10153. 363099,en,15,payatta,payatta,Payatta,Payatta,[pp.of pa+<em>yat</em>] making effort,taking care,being on one’s guard,careful Miln.373.(Page 418),7,1
  10154. 363115,en,15,payeti,pāyeti,Pāyeti,Pāyeti,[Caus.fr.<em>pā</em>,see pibati] 1.to give to drink,to make drink D.II,19; Sn.398 (Pot.pāyaye); Miln.43,229; DhA.I,87 (amataṃ); VvA.75 (yāguṃ); PvA.63; aor.<i>apāyesi</i> S.I,143; ger.<i>pāyetvā</i> J.I,202 (dibba-pānaṃ); II,115 (lohitaṃ); III,372 (phāṇīt’odakaṃ); IV,30 (pānakaṃ); VI,392 (suraṃ).-- 2.to irrigate J.I,215.-- ppr.f.<i>pāyamānā</i> a woman giving suck,a nursing woman D.I,166; M.I,77; A.I,295; II,206; III,227; Pug.55; DhA.I,49.-- Caus.II.<i>pāyāpeti</i> J.V,422.(Page 454),6,1
  10155. 363129,en,15,payin,pāyin,Pāyin,Pāyin,(adj.n.) [fr.<em>pā</em>,see pivati] drinking J.III,338.(Page 454),5,1
  10156. 363133,en,15,payirudaharati,payirudāharati,Payirudāharati,Payirudāharati,[pari+ud+āharati with metathesis payir° for pariy°] to speak out,to proclaim aor <i>payirudāhāsi</i> D.II,222 (vaṇṇe); J.I,454 (vyañjanaṃ).(Page 418),14,1
  10157. 363135,en,15,payirupasana,payirupāsana,Payirupāsana,Payirupāsana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.payirupāsati] attending to,worshipping:worship,homage M.II,176; S.V,67= It.107; DA.I,142; PvA.138.(Page 418),12,1
  10158. 363150,en,15,payirupasati,payirupāsati,Payirupāsati,Payirupāsati,[pari+upa+<em>ās</em>,with metathesis as in payirudāharati] 1.“to sit close round,” i.e.to attend on (Acc.),to honour,pay homage,worship D.I,47; II,257; M.II,117,S.I,146; A.I,124,126,142; IV,337; Dh.64,65; Th.1,1236; J.VI,222 (imper.°upāsaya); Pv.II,9<sup>61</sup>; Pug.26,33; SnA 401; VbhA.457 (here def<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh as “punappunaṃ upasaṅkamati”).-- ppr.<i>°upāsanto</i> S.V,67=It.107; PvA.44; and <i>upāsamāna</i> DhA.II,32.-- aor.<i>°upāsiṃ</i> A.IV,213 (Bhagavantaṃ); PvA.50.‹-› ger.<i>°upāsiya</i> D.II,287.-- 2.to visit Vin.I,214 (ger.<i>°upāsitvā</i>); IV,98.-- pp.<i>payirupāsiṭa</i> (q.v.).(Page 418),12,1
  10159. 363158,en,15,payirupasika,payirupāsika,Payirupāsika,Payirupāsika,[fr.payirupāsati] a worshipper ThA.200.(Page 418),12,1
  10160. 363161,en,15,payirupasita,payirupāsita,Payirupāsita,Payirupāsita,[pp.of payirupāsati] worshipped PvA.116 (=upaṭṭhita),205 (=purakkhata).(Page 418),12,1
  10161. 363189,en,15,payoga,payoga,Payoga,Payoga,[Vedic prayoga,fr.pa+<em>yuj</em>,see payuñjati] 1.means,instrument J.VI,116 (=<i>karaṇa</i>); SnA 7; DhsA.215 (sa°).-- 2.preparation,undertaking,occupation,exercise,business,action,practice Vin.IV,278; Ps.II,213 (sammā°); Miln.328 (sammā°); KhA 23,29 sq.; PvA.8 (vapana°),96 (manta°),103,146 (viññatti°; cp.payutta 2),285 (sakkhara-kkhipana°).payogaṃ karoti to exert oneself,to undertake,to try PvA.184 (=parakkamati).<br><br> <i>--karaṇa</i> exertion,pursuit,occupation DhA.III,238 <i>--vipatti</i> failure of means,wrong application PvA.117,136.<i>--sampatti</i> success of means VvA.30,32.<i>--suddhi</i> excellency of means,purity in application DhsA.165; VvA.60.<i>--hīna</i> deficient in exertion or application Miln.288.(Page 418),6,1
  10162. 363208,en,15,payogata,payogatā,Payogatā,Payogatā,(f.) [fr.payoga] application (to) Vism.134 (majjhatta°).(Page 418),8,1
  10163. 363224,en,15,payojana,payojana,Payojana,Payojana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>yuj</em>] 1.undertaking business PvA.201.-- 2.appointment J.I,143.-- 3.prescript,injunction DhsA.403.-- 4.purpose,application,use Sdhp.395.(Page 418),8,1
  10164. 363241,en,15,payojeti,payojeti,Payojeti,Payojeti,[Caus.of payuñjati] 1.to undertake,engage in,begin D.I,71 (kammante “set a business on foot”); A.II,82 (kammantaṃ); Sn.404 (vaṇijjaṃ); J.I,61; PvA.130 (kammaṃ).-- 2.to prepare,apply,use,put to,employ PvA.46 (bhesajjaṃ cuṇṇena saddhiṃ).‹-› 3.to engage,take into service,set to,hire J.I,173; II,417.-- 4.to engage with,come to close quarters J.II.10.-- 5.to put out at interest (vaḍḍhiyā) DA.I,270.-- pp.<i>payojita</i> (q.v.).(Page 418),8,1
  10165. 363250,en,15,payojita,payojita,Payojita,Payojita,[pp.of payojeti] 1 connected with,directed to,applied SnA 565.-- 2.instigated,directed Miln.3.(Page 418),8,1
  10166. 363269,en,15,payunjati,payuñjati,Payuñjati,Payuñjati,[pa+<em>yuj</em>] to harness,yoke,employ,apply; Pass.<i>payujjati</i> to be applied to Sdhp.400 (ppr.<i>°māna</i>).-- pp.<i>payutta</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>payojeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 418),9,1
  10167. 363279,en,15,payuta,payuta,Payuta,Payuta,[pp.of pa+<em>yu</em>,cp.Sk.pra+yuta united,fastened to,increased] (wrongly) applied,at random,careless:“misdirected” A.I,199; Sn.711 (°ṃ vācaṃ=obhāsaparikathā -- nimitta-viññatti-payuttaṃ ghāsesana-vācaṃ SnA 497),930 (=cīvarādīhi sampayutta tadatthaṃ vā payojita SnA 565; Nd<sup>1</sup> 389 however reads <i>payutta</i> and expl<sup>s</sup> as “cīvarapayutta” etc.).(Page 418),6,1
  10168. 363283,en,15,payutta,payutta,Payutta,Payutta,[pp.of payuñjati] 1.yoked Sn.p.13 (=yottehi yojita SnA 137).-- 2.applied,intent on,devoted to,busy in (Acc.,Loc.,or --°) J.V,121 (ajjhattaṃ); Pv III,7<sup>10</sup> (sāsane); SnA 497 (viññatti°).-- 3.applicable (either rightly or wrongly); as su° well-behaved,acting well Miln.328; by itself (in bad sense),wrongly applied,wasted (cp.payuta) A.II,81 sq.; Sn.930 (see Nd<sup>1</sup> 389).-- 4.planned,schemed,undertaken Vin.II,194 (Deva dattena Bhagavato vadho p.).(Page 418),7,1
  10169. 363288,en,15,payuttaka,payuttaka,Payuttaka,Payuttaka,(adj.n.) [payutta+ka] one who is applied of put to a (bad) task,as spy,hireling; bribed J.I,262 (°cora),291 (°dhutta).(Page 418),9,1
  10170. 363300,en,15,payyaka,payyaka,Payyaka,Payyaka,[pa+ayyaka] (paternal) great-grandfather J.I,2 (ayyaka°); PvA.107 (id.).(Page 418),7,1
  10171. 363309,en,15,pe,pe,Pe,Pe,is abbreviation of peyyāla (q.v.); cp.la.(Page 471),2,1
  10172. 363315,en,15,pecca,pecca,Pecca,Pecca,[ger.of pa+<em>i</em>,cp.BSk.pretya Jtm 3154] “after having gone past,” i.e.after death,having departed S.I,182; III,98; A.II,174 sq.; III,34,46,78; Sn.185,188,248,598,661; It.111; Dh.15,131 (=paraloke DhA HI.51); J.I,169; V,489,Pv.I,119; III,75 (v.l.pacca).The form peccaṃ under influence of Prk.(AMg.) peccā (see Pischel,Prk.Gr.587) at J.VI,360.(Page 472),5,1
  10173. 363322,en,15,pehi,pehi,Pehi,Pehi,is imper.2nd sg.of pa+<em>i</em>,“go on,” said to a horse A.IV,190 sq.,cp.S.I,123.(Page 474),4,1
  10174. 363324,en,15,pek,pek,Pek,Pek,(k)hā (f.) [fr.pa+<em>īkṣ</em>] 1.consideration,view Vbh.325,328.-- 2.desire J.V,403 (p.vuccati taṇhā).-- 3.(or (pekkhaṃ?) show at a fair D.I,6 (=naṭa-samajjā DA.I,84); see Dial.I.7,n.4 and cp.J.R.A.S.1903,186.(Page 472),3,1
  10175. 363325,en,15,pek,pek,Pek,Pek,(k)havant [fr.pekkhā] desirous of (Loc.) J.V,403.(Page 471),3,1
  10176. 363333,en,15,pekhuna,pekhuṇa,Pekhuṇa,Pekhuṇa,(pekkh°) (nt.) [not with Childers fr.*pakṣman,but with Pischel,Gr.§ 89 fr.Sk.preṅkhaṇa a swing,Vedic preṅkha,fr.pra+īṅkh,that which swings,through *preṅkhuṇa›prekhuṇa›pekhuṇa] 1.a wing Th.1,211 (su° with beautiful feathers),1136; J.I,207.-- 2.a peacock’s tail-feathers J.VI,218 (=morapiñja C.),497 (citrapekkhuṇaṃ moraṃ).(Page 472),7,1
  10177. 363340,en,15,pekkha,pekkha,Pekkha,Pekkha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [grd.of pekkhati,Sk.prekṣya] to be looked for,to be expected,desirable J.VI,213.(Page 471),6,1
  10178. 363341,en,15,pekkha,pekkha,Pekkha,Pekkha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) (-°) [cp.Sk.prekṣā f. &#38; prekṣaka adj.; fr.pa+<em>īks</em>] looking out for,i.e.intent upon,wishing; usually in puñña° desirous of merit S.I,167; Dh.108 (=puññaṃ icchanto DhA.II,234); Vv 3421 (=puññaphalaṃ ākaṅkhanto VvA.154); PvA.134.(Page 471),6,1
  10179. 363352,en,15,pekkhaka,pekkhaka,Pekkhaka,Pekkhaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.pekkha1] seeing,looking at; wishing to see ThA.73 (Ap.V,59),f.°ikā S.I,185 (vihāra°).(Page 471),8,1
  10180. 363360,en,15,pekkhana,pekkhaṇa,Pekkhaṇa,Pekkhaṇa,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>īkṣ</em>] seeing,sight,look DA.I,185,193; KhA 148 (=dassana).(Page 471),8,1
  10181. 363370,en,15,pekkhati,pekkhati,Pekkhati,Pekkhati,[pa+<em>īkṣ</em>] to behold,regard,observe,look at D.II,20; S.IV,291; J.VI,420.-- ppr.pekkhamāna Vin.I,180; Sn.36 sq.(=dakkhamāna Nd2 453),1070,1104; Pv.II,37; Vism.19 (disā-vidisaṃ).Gen.pl.pekkhataṃ Sn.580 (cp.SnA 460).-- Caus.pekkheti to cause one to behold,to make one see or consider Vin.II,73≈ A.V,71.-- Cp.anu°.(Page 471),8,1
  10182. 363377,en,15,pekkhin,pekkhin,Pekkhin,Pekkhin,(adj.) [fr.pekkhati] looking (in front),in phrase yugamattaṃ p.“looking only the distance of a plough” Miln.398.(Page 472),7,1
  10183. 363386,en,15,pela,peḷa,Peḷa,Peḷa,[a Prk.form for piṇḍa,cp.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 122 peḍhāla] a lump,only in yaka° the liver (-lump) Sn.195 (=yakana-piṇḍa SnA 247)=J.I,146.(Page 473),4,1
  10184. 363392,en,15,pela,peḷā,Peḷā,Peḷā,[cp.Class. &#38; B.Sk.peṭa,f.peṭī &#38; peṭā,peḍā Divy 251,365; and the BSk.var.phelā Divy 503; MVastu II.465] 1.a (large) basket J.IV,458; VI,185; Cp.II.25; Miln.23,282; Vism.304; KhA 46 (peḷāghata,wrong reading,see p.68 App.); ThA.29.-- 2.a chest (for holding jewelry etc.) Pv IV.142; Mhvs 36,20; DhsA.242 (peḷ-opamā,of the 4 treasure-boxes).-- Cp.piṭaka.(Page 473),4,1
  10185. 363402,en,15,pelaka,pelaka,Pelaka,Pelaka,[etym.?] a hare J.VI,538 (=sasa C.).(Page 473),6,1
  10186. 363409,en,15,pelika,peḷikā,Peḷikā,Peḷikā,(f.) [cp.peḷā] a basket DhA.I,227 (pasādhana°,v.l.pelakā).(Page 473),6,1
  10187. 363417,en,15,pema,pema,Pema,Pema,(nt.) [fr.prī,see pīṇeti &#38; piya &#38; cp.BSk.prema Jtm 221; Vedic preman cons.stem] love,affection D.I,50; III,284 sq.; M.I,101 sq.; S.III,122; IV,72,329; V,89,379; A.II,213; III,326 sq.; Sn.41; Dh.321; DA.I,75.--(a)vigata-pema with(out) love or affection D.III,238,252; S.III,7 sq.,107 sq.,170; IV,387; A.II,174 sq.; IV,15,36,461 sq.(Page 472),4,1
  10188. 363423,en,15,pemaka,pemaka,Pemaka,Pemaka,(m.or nt.) [fr.pema]=pema J.IV,371.(Page 472),6,1
  10189. 363429,en,15,pemaniya,pemanīya,Pemanīya,Pemanīya,(adj.) [fr.pema as grd.formation,cp.BSk.,premaṇīya MVastu III,343] affectionate,kind,loving,amiable,agreeable D.I,4 (cp.DA.I,75); II,20 (°ssara); A.II,209; Pug.57; J.IV,470.(Page 472),8,1
  10190. 363435,en,15,penahika,peṇāhikā,Peṇāhikā,Peṇāhikā,(f.) [dial.; etym.uncertain] a species of bird (crane?) Miln.364,402; shortened to peṇāhi at Miln.407 (in the uddāna).Cp.Miln.trsl.II.343.(Page 472),8,1
  10191. 363440,en,15,pennakata,peṇṇakata,Peṇṇakata,Peṇṇakata,is v.l.for paṇṇakata Npl.at Vv 455 sq.(see VvA.197).(Page 472),9,1
  10192. 363445,en,15,perita,perita,Perita,Perita,is Kern’s (Toev.s.v.) proposed reading for what he considered a faulty spelling in bhaya-merita (p for m) J.IV,424=V.359.This however is bhaya-m-erita with the hiatus-m,and to supplant perita (=Sk.prerita) is unjustified.(Page 473),6,1
  10193. 363450,en,15,pesa,pesa,Pesa,Pesa,is spurious spelling for pessa (q.v.).(Page 473),4,1
  10194. 363455,en,15,pesaca,pesāca,Pesāca,Pesāca,is reading at D.I,54 for pisāca (so v.l.).(Page 473),6,1
  10195. 363460,en,15,pesaka,pesaka,Pesaka,Pesaka,[fr.pa+<em>iṣ</em>,cp.Vedic preṣa order,command] employer,controller,one who attends or looks after Vin.II,177 (ārāmika° etc.); A.III,275 (id.).(Page 473),6,1
  10196. 363467,en,15,pesakara,pesakāra,Pesakāra,Pesakāra,[pesa+kāra,epsa=Vedic peśaḥ,fr.piś:see piṃsati1] weaver D.I,52; Vin.III,259; IV,7; J.IV,475; DhA.I,424 (°vīthi); III,170 sq.; VbhA.294 sq.(°dhītā the weaver’s daughter; story of --) PvA.42 sq.,67.(Page 473),8,1
  10197. 363490,en,15,pesana,pesana,Pesana,Pesana,(nt.) [fr.pa+<em>iṣ</em>,see peseti] sending out,message; service J.IV,362 (pesanāni gacchanti); V,17 (pesane pesiyanto.) --kāraka a servant J.VI,448; VvA.349.--kārikā (a girl) doing service,a messenger,servant J III 414; DhA.I,227.(Page 473),6,1
  10198. 363494,en,15,pesanaka,pesanaka,Pesanaka,Pesanaka,(adj.) [fr.pesana] “message sender,” employing for service,in °corā robbers making (others) servants J.I,253.(Page 473),8,1
  10199. 363502,en,15,pesanika,pesanika,Pesanika,Pesanika,(°iya) (adj.) [fr.pesana] connected with mes‹-› sages,going messages,only in phrase jaṅgha° messenger on foot Vin.III,185; J.II,82; Miln.370 (°iya).Pesala (adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.peśala; Bdhgh’s pop.etym.at SnA 475 is “piya-sīla”] lovable,pleasant,well-behaved,amiable S.I,149; II,387; A.IV,22; V,170; Sn.678; Sn.p.124; Miln.373; Sdhp.621.Often as Ep.of a good bhikkhu,e.g.at S.I,187; Vin.I,170; II,241; J.IV,70; VvA.206; PvA.13,268.(Page 473),8,1
  10200. 363516,en,15,peseti,peseti,Peseti,Peseti,[pa+iṣ to send] to send forth or out,esp.on a message or to a special purpose,i.e.to employ as a servant or (intrs.) to do service (so in many derivations) 1.to send out J.I,86,178,253; IV,169 (paṇṇaṃ); V,399; VI,448; Mhvs 14,29 (rathaṃ); DhA.III,190; PvA.4,20,53.-- 2.to employ or order (cp.pesaka),in Pass.pesiyati to be ordered or to be in service Vin.II,177 (ppr.pesiyamāna); J.V,17 (ppr.pesiyanto).-- pp.pesita.See also pessa &#38; derivations.(Page 473),6,1
  10201. 363526,en,15,pesi,pesi,Pesi,Pesi,(pesī) (f.) [cp.Epic Sk.peśī] 1.a lump,usually a mass of flesh J.III,223=DhA.IV,67 (pesi=maṃsapesi C.).Thus maṃsapesi,muscle Vin.II,25 ≈ (maṃsapes’ûpamā kāmā); III,105; M.I,143,364; S.II,256; IV,193 (in characteristic of lohitaka); Vism.356; PvA.199.‹-› 2.the fœtus in the third stage after conception (between abbuda &#38; ghana) S.I,206; J.IV,496; Nd1 120; Miln.40; Vism.236.-- 3.a piece,bit (for pesikā),in veḷu° J.IV,205.(Page 473),4,1
  10202. 363533,en,15,pesika,pesikā,Pesikā,Pesikā,(f.) (-°) [cp.Sk.*peśikā] rind,shell (of fruit) only in cpds.amba° Vin.II,109; vaṃsa° J.I,352; veḷu° (a bit of bamboo) D.II,324; J.II,267,279; III,276; IV,382.(Page 473),6,1
  10203. 363540,en,15,pesita,pesita,Pesita,Pesita,[pp.of peseti] 1.sent out or forth Sn.412 (rājadūta p.) Vv 217 (=uyyojita VvA.108); DhA.III,191.pesit-atta is the C.expln at S.I,53 (as given at K.S.320) of pahit-atta (trsln “puts forth all his strength”); Bdhgh incorrectly taking pahita as pp.of pahiṇati to send whereas it is pp.of padahati.-- 2.ordered,what has been ordered,in pesit-âpesitaṃ order and prohibition Vin.II,177.(Page 473),6,1
  10204. 363559,en,15,pessa,pessa,Pessa,Pessa,[grd.formn fr.peseti,Vedic preṣya,f.preṣyā.This is the contracted form,whilst the diaeretic form is pesiya,for which also pesika] a messenger,a servant,often in combn dāsā ti vā pessā ti vā kammakarā ti vā,e.g.D.I,141; S.I,76,93 (slightly diff.in verse); A.II,208 (spelt pesā); IV,45; DhA.II,7.See also A.III,37; IV,266,270; J.V,351; Pug.56; DA.I,300.At Sn.615 pessa is used in the sense of an abstr.n.= pessitā service (=veyyavacca SnA 466).So also in cpds. --kamma service J.VI,374; --kāra a servant J.VI,356.(Page 473),5,1
  10205. 363571,en,15,pessita,pessitā,Pessitā,Pessitā,(f.) [abstr.fr.pessa,Sk.*preṣyatā] being a servant,doing service J.VI,208 (para° to someone else).(Page 473),7,1
  10206. 363573,en,15,pessiya,pessiya,Pessiya,Pessiya, &#38; Pessika [see pessa] servant; m.either pessiya Vv 8446 (spelt pesiya,expld by pesana-kāraka,veyyāvaccakara VvA.349); J.VI,448 (=pesana-kāraka C.),or pessika Sn.615,651; J.VI,552; f.either pessiyā (para°) Vv 185 (spelt pesiyā,but v.l.SS pessiyā,expld as pesaniyā paresaṃ veyyāvacca-kārī VvA.94); J.III,413 (=parehi pesitabbā pesana-kārikā C.414),or pessikā J.VI,65.(Page 473),7,1
  10207. 363580,en,15,pesuna,pesuṇa,Pesuṇa,Pesuṇa,(nt.) [fr.pisuṇa,cp.Epic Sk.paiśuna]=pesuñña S.I,240; Sn.362,389,862 sq.,941; J.V,397; Pv.I,33; PvA.16; Sdhp.55,66,81. --kāraka one who incites to slander J.I,200,267.(Page 473),6,1
  10208. 363593,en,15,pesunika,pesuṇika,Pesuṇika,Pesuṇika,(adj.) [fr.pesuṇa] slanderous,calumnious PvA.12,13.(Page 473),8,1
  10209. 363595,en,15,pesuniya,pesuṇiya,Pesuṇiya,Pesuṇiya, &#38; Pesuṇeyya (nt.)=pesuñña; 1.(pesuṇiya) Sn.663,928; Pv.I,32.-- 2.(pesuṇeyya) S.I,228,230; Sn.852; Nd1 232.(Page 473),8,1
  10210. 363601,en,15,pesunna,pesuñña,Pesuñña,Pesuñña,(nt.) [abstr.fr.pisuṇa,cp.Epic Sk.paiśunya.The other (diaeretic) forms are pesuṇiya &#38; pesuṇeyya] backbiting,calumny,slander M.I,110; D.III,69; A.IV,401; Vin.IV,12; Nd1 232,260; PvA.12,15.(Page 473),7,1
  10211. 363614,en,15,peta,peta,Peta,Peta,[pp of pa+ī,lit.gone past,gone before] dead,departed,the departed spirit.The Buddhistic peta represents the Vedic pitaraḥ (manes,cp.pitṛyajña),as well as the Brāhmaṇic preta.The first are souls of the “fathers,” the second ghosts,leading usually a miserable existence as the result (kammaphala) or punishment of some former misdeed (usually avarice).They may be raised in this existence by means of the dakkhiṇā (sacrificial gift) to a higher category of mahiddhikā petā (alias yakkhas),or after their period of expiation shift into another form of existence (manussa,deva,tiracchāna).The punishment in the Nirayas is included in the peta existence.Modes of suffering are given S.II,255; cp K.S.ii,170 p.On the whole subject see Stede,Die Gespenstergeschichten des Peta Vatthu,Leipzig 1914; in the Peta Vatthu the unhappy ghosts are represented,whereas the Vimāna Vatthu deals with the happy ones.-- 1.(souls of the departed,manes) D.III,189 (petānaṃ kālakatānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ anupadassati); A.III,43 (id.); I,155 sq.; V,132 (p.ñātisalohita); M.I,33; S.I,61=204; Sn.585,590,807 (petā-kālakatā=matā Nd1 126); J.V,7 (=mata C.); Pv.I,57; I,121; II,610.As pubba-peta (“deceased-before”) at A.II,68; III,45; IV,244; J.II,360.-- 2.(unhappy ghosts) S.II,255 sq.; Vin.IV,269 (contrasted with purisa,yakkha &#38; tiracchāna-gata); A.V,269 (dānaṃ petānaṃ upakappati); J.IV,495 sq.(yakkhā pisācā petā,cp.preta-piśācayoḥ MBhār.13,732); Vbh.412 sq.; Sdhp.96 sq.--manussapeta a ghost in human form J.III,72; V,68; VvA.23.The later tradition on Petas in their var.classes and states is reflected in Miln.294 (4 classes:vantāsikā,khuppipāsā,nijjhāma-taṇhikā,paradatt’ûpajīvino) &#38; 357 (appearance and fate); Vism.501=VbhA.97 (as state of suffering,with narakā,tiracchā,asurā); VbhA.455 (as nijjhāmataṇhikā,khuppipāsikā,paradatt’upajīvino).‹-› 3.(happy ghosts) mahiddhikā petī Pv.I,101; yakkha mahiddhika Pv IV.154; Vimānapeta mahiddhika PvA.145; peta mahiddhika PvA.217.[Cp.BSk.pretamahardhika Divy 14].-- f.petī Vin.IV,20; J.I,240; Pv.I,62; PvA.67 and passim.Vimānapetī PvA.47,50,53 and in Vimāna-vatthu passim. --upapattika born as a peta PvA.119.--katha (pubba°) tales (or talk) about the dead (not considered orthodox) D.I,8,cp.DA.I,90; A.V,128.--kicca duty towards the deceased (i.e.death-rites) J.II,5; DhA.I,328.--rājā king of the Petas (i.e.Yama) J.V,453 (°visayaṃ na muñcati “does not leave behind the realm of the Petaking”); C.expls by petayoni and divides the realm into petavisaya and kālakañjaka-asura-visaya.--yoni the peta realm PvA.9,35,55,68,103 and passim.--loka the peta world Sdhp.96.--vatthu a peta or ghost-story; N.of one (perhaps the latest) of the canonical books belonging to the Suttanta-Piṭaka KhA 12; DA.I,178 (Aṅkura°).(Page 472),4,1
  10212. 363621,en,15,petaka,peṭaka,Peṭaka,Peṭaka,(adj.) [fr.piṭaka] “what belongs to the Piṭaka,” as title of a non-canonical book for the usual Peṭak’opadesa “instruction in the Piṭaka.” dating from the beginning of our era (cp.Geiger,P.Gr.p.18),mentioned at Vism.141 DhsA.165.Cp.tipeṭaka,see also piṭaka.(Page 472),6,1
  10213. 363637,en,15,petattana,petattana,Petattana,Petattana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.peta] state or condition of a Peta Th.1,1128.(Page 472),9,1
  10214. 363655,en,15,pettanika,pettanika,Pettanika,Pettanika,[fr.pitar] one who lives on the fortune or power inherited from his father A.III,76=300.(Page 472),9,1
  10215. 363660,en,15,pettapiya,pettāpiya,Pettāpiya,Pettāpiya,[for pettāviya (Epic Sk.pitṛvya),cp.Trenckner,Notes 6216,75] fatḥer’s brother,paternal uncle A.III,348; V,138 (gloss pitāmaho).(Page 472),9,1
  10216. 363666,en,15,petteyya,petteyya,Petteyya,Petteyya,(adj.) [fr.pitar; cp.Vedic pitrya] father-loving,showing filial piety towards one’s father D.III,72,74; S.V,467; A.I,138; J.III,456; V,35; Pv.II,718.See also matteyya.Petteyyatā (f.) [abstr.fr.petteyya] reverence towards one’s father D.III,70 (a°),145,169; Dh.332 (=pitari sammāpaṭipatta DhA.IV,34); Nd2 294.Cp.matteyyatā.(Page 472),8,1
  10217. 363683,en,15,pettika,pettika,Pettika,Pettika,(adj.) [fr.pitar,for pētika,cp.Epic Sk.paitṛka &#38; P.petteyya] paternal Vin.III,16; IV,223; D.II,232; S.V,146=Miln.368 (p.gocara); (sake p.visaye “your own home-grounds” ) D.III,58; S.V,146; J.II,59; VI,193 (iṇa).Also in cpd.mātā-pettika maternal &#38; paternal D.I,34,92; J.I,146.(Page 472),7,1
  10218. 363690,en,15,pettivisaya,pettivisaya,Pettivisaya,Pettivisaya,( &#38; Pitti°) [Sk.*paitrya-viṣaya &#38; *pitryaviṣaya,der.fr.pitar,but influenced by peta] the world of the manes,the realm of the petas (synonymous with petavisaya &#38; petayoni) D.III,234; It.93; J.V,186; Pv.II,22; II,79; Miln.310; DhA.I,102; IV,226; Vism.427; VbhA.4,455; PvA.25 sq.,29,59 sq.,214,268; Sdhp.9.(Page 472),11,1
  10219. 363699,en,15,petya,petyā,Petyā,Petyā,(adv.) [fr.pitar,for Sk.pitrā; cp.Trenckner,Notes 564] from the father’s side J.V,214 (=pitito).(Page 472),5,1
  10220. 363708,en,15,peyya,peyya,Peyya,Peyya,<sup>2</sup> =piya,only in cpds.vajja° [*priya-vadya] kindness of language,kind speech,one of the 4 saṅgaha-vatthus (grounds of popularity) A.II,32,248; IV,219,364; D.III,190,192,232; J.V,330.Cp.BSk.priya-vādya MVastu I.3; and °vācā kind language D.III,152; Vv 8436 (=piyavacana VvA.345).-- It is doubtful whether vāca-peyya at Sn.303 (Ep.of sacrifice) is the same as °vācā (as adj.),or whether it represents vāja-peyya [Vedic vāja sacrificial food] as Bdhgh expls it at SnA 322 (=vājam ettha pivanti; v.l.vāja°),thus peyya= peyya1.(Page 472),5,1
  10221. 363709,en,15,peyya,peyya,Peyya,Peyya,<sup>1</sup> [grd.of pibati] to be drunk,drinkable,only in compn or neg.apeyya undrinkable A.III,188; J.IV,205,213 (apo apeyyo).maṇḍa° to be drunk like cream,i.e.of the best quality S.II,29.manāpika° sweet to drink Miln.313.duppeyya difficult to drink Sdhp.158.See also kākapeyya.(Page 472),5,1
  10222. 363718,en,15,peyyala,peyyāla,Peyyāla,Peyyāla,(nt.?) [a Māgadhism for pariyāya,so Kern,Toev.s.v.after Trenckner,cp.BSk.piyāla and peyāla MVastu III,202,219] repetition,succession,formula; way of saying,phrase (=pariyāya 5) Vism.46 (°mukha beginning of discourse),351 (id.and bahu°-tanti having many discourses or repetitions),411 (°pāḷi a row of successions or etceteras); VvA.117 (pāḷi° vasena “because of the successive Pāli text”).-- Very freq.in abridged form,where we would say “etc.,” to indicate that a passage has be to repeated (either from preceding context,or to be supplied from memory,if well known).The literal meaning would be “here (follows) the formula (pariyāya).” We often find pa for pe,e.g.A.V,242,270,338,339,355; sometimes pa+pe combd,e.g.S.V,466.-- As pe is the first syllable of peyyāla so la is the last and is used in the same sense; the variance is according to predilection of certain MSS.; la is found e.g.S.V,448,267 sq.; or as v.l.of pe:A.V,242,243,354; or la+pe combd:S.V,464,466.-- On syllable pe Trenckner,Notes 66,says:“The sign of abridgment.pe,or as it is written in Burmese copies,pa,means peyyāla which is not an imperative “insert,fill up the gap,” but a substantive,peyyālo or peyyālaṃ,signifying a phrase to be repeated over &#38; over again.I consider it a popular corruption of the synonymous pariyāya,passing through *payyāya,with --eyy- for --ayy-,like seyyā,Sk.śayyā.” See also Vin.Texts I.291; Oldenberg,K.Z.35,324.(Page 473),7,1
  10223. 363762,en,15,phaggu,phaggu,Phaggu,Phaggu,[in for’=Vedic phalgu (small,feeble),but in meaning different] a special period of fasting M.I,39= DA.I,139.See also pheggu.(Page 476),6,1
  10224. 363772,en,15,phagguna,phagguṇa,Phagguṇa,Phagguṇa, &#38; Phagguṇī (f.) [cp.Vedic phālguna &#38; °ī] N.of a month (Feb.15th-March 15th),marking the beginning of Spring; always with ref.to the spring full moon,as phagguṇa-puṇṇamā at Vism.418; phagguṇi° J.I,86.(Page 476),8,1
  10225. 363824,en,15,phala,phala,Phala,Phala,<sup>3</sup> [etym.? Sk.*phala] the point of a spear or sword S.II,265 (tiṇha°).Cp.phāla2.(Page 477),5,1
  10226. 363825,en,15,phala,phala,Phala,Phala,<sup>2</sup> is spelling for pala (a certain weight) at J.VI,510.See pala &#38; cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 40.(Page 477),5,1
  10227. 363826,en,15,phala,phala,Phala,Phala,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Vedic phala,to <em>phal</em> [<em>sphal</em>] to burst,thus lit.“bursting,” i.e.ripe fruit; see phalati] 1.(lit.) fruit (of trees etc.) Vv 8414 (dumā nicca-phal’ûpapannā,not to phalu,as Kern,Toev.s.v.phalu); Vism.120.--amba° mango-fruit PvA.273 sq.; dussa° (adj.) having clothes as their fruit (of magic trees) Vv 462 (cp.VvA.199); patta° leaves &#38; fruits,vegetables Sn.239; PvA.86 pavatta° wild fruit D.I,101; puppha° flower &#38; fruit J.III,40.rukkha°-ûpama Th.1,490 (in simile of kāmā,taken fr.M.I,130) lit.“like the fruit of trees” is expld by ThA.288 as “aṅga-paccaṅgānaṃ p(h)alibhañjan’aṭṭhena,and trsld according to this interpretation by Mrs.Rh.D.as “fruit that brings the climber to a fall.” -- Seven kinds of medicinal fruits are given at Vin.I,201 scil.vilaṅga,pippala,marica,harītaka,vibhītaka,āmalaka,goṭhaphala.At Miln.333 a set of 7 fruits is used metaphorically in simile of the Buddha’s fruit-shop,viz.sotāpatti°,sakadāgāmi°,anāgāmi°,arahatta°,suññata° samāpatti (cp.Cpd.70),animitta° samāpatti,appaṇihita° samāpatti.-- 2.a testicle J.III,124 (dantehi °ṃ chindati=purisabhāvaṃ nāseti to castrate); VI,237 (uddhita-pphalo,adj.,=uddhaṭa-bījo C.),238 (dantehi phalāni uppāṭeti,like above).‹-› 3.(fig.) fruit,result,consequence,fruition,blessing.As t.t.with ref.to the Path and the progressive attainment (enjoyment,fruition) of Arahantship it is used to denote the realization of having attained each stage of the sotāpatti,sakadāgāmi etc.(see the Miln.quot.under 1 and cp.Cpd.45,116).So freq.in exegetical literature magga,phala,nibbāna,e.g.Tikp 155,158; VbhA.43 &#38; passim.-- In general it immediately precedes Nibbāna (see Nd2 no 645b and under satipaṭṭhāna),and as agga-phala it is almost identical with Arahantship.Frequently it is combd with vipāka to denote the stringent conception of “consequence,” e.g.at D.I,27,58; III,160.Almost synonymous in the sense of “fruition,benefit,profit” is ānisaṃsā D.III,132; phala at Pv.I,125=ānisaṃsa PvA.64 -- Vin.I,293 (anāgāmi°); II,240 (id.); III,73 (arahatta°); D.I,51,57 sq.(sāmañña°); III,147,170 (sucaritassa); M.I,477 (appamāda°); S.I,173 (Amata°); Pv.I,1110 (kaṭuka°); II,83 (dāna°); IV,188 (mahap° &#38; agga°); Vism.345 (of food,being digested); PvA.8 (puñña° &#38; dāna°),22 (sotāpatti°),24 (issā-macchariya°). --atthika one who is looking for fruit Vism.120.--āpaṇa fruit shop Miln.333.--âphala [phala+aphala,see ā4; but cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 331] all sorts of fruit,lit.what is not (i.e.unripe),fruit without discrimination; a phrase very freq.in Jātaka style,e.g.J.I,416; II,160; III,127; IV,220; 307,449,V,313; VI,520; DhA.I,106.--āsava extract of fruit VvA.73.--uppatti ripening PvA.29.--esin yielding fruit J.I,87=Th.1,527,cp.phalesin MVastu III,93.--gaṇḍa see palagaṇḍa.--ṭṭha “stationed in fruition,” i.e.enjoying the result or fruition of the Path (cp.Cpd.50) Miln.342.--dāna gift of fruit VbhA.337.--dāyin giver of fruit Vv 676.--pacchi fruit-basket J.VI,560.--pañcaka fivefold fruit Vism.580; VbhA.191.--puṭa fruit-basket J.VI,236.--bhājana one who distributes fruit,an official term in the vihāra Vin.IV,38,cp.BSk.phalacāraka.--maya see sep.--ruha fruit tree Mbvs 82.--sata see palasata.(Page 477),5,1
  10228. 363839,en,15,phala,phāla,Phāla,Phāla,<sup>3</sup> in loṇa-maccha° a string (?) or cluster of salted fish Vism.28.(Page 478),5,1
  10229. 363840,en,15,phala,phāla,Phāla,Phāla,<sup>2</sup> [to phala3] an (iron) board,slab (or ball?),maybe spear or rod.The word is of doubtful origin &#38; meaning,it occurs always in the same context of a heated iron instrument,several times in correlation with an iron ball (ayogula).It has been misunderstood at an early time,as is shown by kapāla A.IV,70 for phāla.Kern comments on the word at Toev.II.139.See Vin.I,225 (phālo divasantatto,so read; v.l.balo corr.to bālo; corresp.with guḷa); A.IV,70 (divasa-santatte ayokapāle,gloss ayogule); J.V,268; V,109 (phāle ciraratta-tāpite,v.l.pāle,hale,thāle; corresp.with pakaṭṭhita ayogula),id.V,113 (ayomayehi phālehi pīḷeti,v.l.vālehi).(Page 478),5,1
  10230. 363841,en,15,phala,phāla,Phāla,Phāla,<sup>1</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Vedic phāla] ploughshare S.I,169; Sn.p.13 &#38; V,77 (expld as “phāletī ti ph.” SnA 147); J.I,94; IV,118; V,104; Ud.69 (as m.); DhA.I,395.(Page 478),5,1
  10231. 363972,en,15,phalaganda,phalagaṇḍa,Phalagaṇḍa,Phalagaṇḍa,is spurious writing for palagaṇḍa (q.v.).(Page 477),10,1
  10232. 364009,en,15,phalaka,phalaka,Phalaka,Phalaka,[fr.phal=*sphal or *sphaṭ (see phalati),lit.that which is split or cut off (cp.in same meaning “slab”); cp.Sk.sphaṭika rock-crystal; on Prk.forms see Pischel,Prk.Gr.§206.Ved.phalaka board,phāla ploughshare; Gr.a]ζpalon,spolaζ,yaliζ scissors; Lat.pellis &#38; spolium; Ohg.spaltan=split,Goth,spilda writing board,tablet; Oicel.spjald board] 1.a flat piece of wood,a slab,board,plank J.I,451 (a writing board,school slate); V,155 (akkhassa ph.axle board); VI,281 (dice-board).pidhāna° covering board VbhA.244= Vism.261; sopāna° staircase,landing J.I,330 (maṇi°); Vism.313; cp.MVastu I.249; °āsana a bench J.I,199; °kāya a great mass of planks J.II,91.°atthara-sayana a bed covered with a board (instead of a mattress) J.I,304,317; II,68.°seyya id.D.I,167 (“plank-bed”).-- 2.a shield J.III,237,271; Miln.355; DhA.II,2.‹-› 3.a slip of wood or bark,used for making an ascetic’s dress (°cīra) D.I,167,cp.Vin.I,305.ditto for a weight to hang on the robe Vin.II,136.-- 4.a post M.III,95 (aggaḷa° doorpost); ThA.70 (Ap.V,17).(Page 477),7,1
  10233. 364017,en,15,phalaka,phālaka,Phālaka,Phālaka,(adj.) [fr.phāleti] splitting; one who splits Vism.413 (kaṭṭha°).(Page 478),7,1
  10234. 364147,en,15,phalamaya,phalamaya,Phalamaya,Phalamaya,stands in all probability for phalika-maya,made of crystal,as is suggested by context,which gives it in line with kaṭṭha-maya &#38; loha-maya ( &#38; aṭṭhi°,danta°,veḷu° etc.).It occurs in same phrase at all passages mentioned,and refers to material of which boxes,vessels,holders etc.are made.Thus at Vin.I,203 (of añjani,box),205 (tumba,vessel); II,115 (sattha-daṇḍa,scissors-handle),136 (gaṇṭhikā,block at dress).The trsln “made of fruits” seems out of place (so Kern,Toev.s.v.),one should rather expect “made of crystal” by the side of made of wood,copper,bone,ivory,etc.(Page 477),9,1
  10235. 364155,en,15,phalana,phālana,Phālana,Phālana,(nt.) [fr.phāleti] splitting J.I,432 (dāru°); Vism.500 (vijjhana°).(Page 478),7,1
  10236. 364482,en,15,phalasata,phalasata,Phalasata,Phalasata,see palasata.-At J.VI,510 it means “goldbronze” (as material of which a “sovaṇṇa-kaṃsa” is made).(Page 477),9,1
  10237. 364502,en,15,phalata,phalatā,Phalatā,Phalatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.phala] the fact or condition of bearing fruit PvA.139 (appa°).(Page 477),7,1
  10238. 364509,en,15,phalati,phalati,Phalati,Phalati,[phal to split,break open=*sphal or *sphaṭ,cp.phāṭeti.On etym.see also Lüders,K.Z.XLII,198 sq.] 1.to split,burst open (intrs.) A.I,77 (asaniyā phalantiyā); usually in phrase “muddhā sattadhā phaleyya,” as a formula of threat or warning “your (or my) head shall split into 7 pieces,” e.g.D.I,95; S.I,50; Sn.983; J.I,54; IV,320 (me); V,92 (=bhijjetha C.); Miln.157 (satadhā for satta°); DhA.I,41 (m.te phalatu s.); VvA.68; whereas a similar phrase in Sn.988 sq.has adhipāteti (for *adhiphāṭeti=phalati).-- Caus.phāleti ( &#38; phāṭeti).-- pp.phalita &#38; phulla.-- 2.to become ripe,to ripen Vin.II,108; J.III,251; PvA.185.(Page 477),7,1
  10239. 364553,en,15,phalavant,phalavant,Phalavant,Phalavant,(adj.) [fr.phala] bearing or having fruit J.III,251.(Page 477),9,1
  10240. 364631,en,15,phaleti,phaleti,Phaleti,Phaleti,at D.I,54 is spurious reading for paleti (see palāyati),expld by gacchati DA.I,165; meaning “runs,” not with trsln “spreads out” [to sphar].(Page 478),7,1
  10241. 364637,en,15,phaleti,phāleti,Phāleti,Phāleti,[Caus.of phalati,phal; a variant is phāṭeti fr.sphaṭ,which is identical with *(s)phal] to split,break,chop,in phrases 1.kaṭṭhaṃ phāleti to chop sticks (for firewood) Vin.I,31; J.II,144; Pv.II,951,besides which the phrase kaṭṭhaṃ *phāṭeti.2.sīsaṃ (muddhā) sattadhā phāleti (cp.adhipāteti &#38; phalati) DhA.I,17 (perhaps better with v.l.phal°),134.-- 3.(various:) A.I,204=S.II,88; J.II,398; Nd2 483; Vism.379 (kucchiṃ; DhA.IV,133 (hadayaṃ).-- pp.phālita.Caus.II.phālāpeti to cause to split open J.III,121; Miln.157 (v.l.phāḷāp°).(Page 479),7,1
  10242. 364672,en,15,phalibhaddaka,phālibhaddaka,Phālibhaddaka,Phālibhaddaka,is spurious spelling for pāli° at J.II,162 (v.l.pātali-bhaddaka).Cp.Prk.phālihadda (=pāribhadra Pischel,Gr.§ 208).(Page 478),13,1
  10243. 364681,en,15,phalika,phalika,Phalika,Phalika,<sup>2</sup> &#38; °kā (f.) [also spelt with ḷ; cp.Sk.sphaṭika; on change ṭ›ḷ see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 386.The Prk.forms are phaḷiha &#38; phāḷiya,see Pischel,Gr.§ 206] crystal,quartz Vin.II,112; J.VI,119 (°kā=phaḷika-bhittiyo C.); Vv 351 (=phalika-maṇi-mayā bhittiyo VvA.160); 783 (°kā); Miln.267 (ḷ),380 (ḷ).(Page 477),7,1
  10244. 364682,en,15,phalika,phalika,Phalika,Phalika,<sup>1</sup> [fr.phala] a fruit vendor Miln.331.(Page 477),7,1
  10245. 364749,en,15,phalima,phalima,Phalima,Phalima,(adj.) [fr.phala] bearing fruit,full of fruit J.III,493.(Page 478),7,1
  10246. 364752,en,15,phalima,phālima,Phālima,Phālima,(adj.) [either fr.Caus.of phal1 (phāleti),or fr.sphar (cp.phārita,i.e.expanded),or fr.sphāy (swell,increase,cp.sphāra &#38; sphārī bhavati to open,expand)] expanding,opening,blossoming in cpd.aggi-nikāsi-phālima paduma J.III,320 (where Cy.explns by phālita vikasita).(Page 478),7,1
  10247. 364755,en,15,phalin,phalin,Phalin,Phalin,(adj.) [fr.phala] bearing fruit J.V,242.(Page 477),6,1
  10248. 364757,en,15,phalina,phalina,Phalina,Phalina,(adj.) [fr.phala,phalin?] at J.V,92 is of doubtful meaning.It cannot very well mean “bearing fruit,” since it is used as Ep.of a bird (°sakuṇī).The Cy.expln is sakuṇa-potakānaṃ phalinattā (being a source of nourishment?) phalina-sakuṇī.” The v.l.SS is phalīna &#38; palīna.(Page 477),7,1
  10249. 364766,en,15,phaliphulla,phāliphulla,Phāliphulla,Phāliphulla,[either Intensive of phulla,or Der.fr.pariphulla in form phaliphulla] in full blossom M.I,218; J.I,52.(Page 478),11,1
  10250. 364775,en,15,phalita,phalita,Phalita,Phalita,<sup>3</sup> [pp.of phal to bear fruit] fruit bearing,having fruit,covered with fruit (of trees) Vin.II,108; J.I,18; Miln.107,280.(Page 477),7,1
  10251. 364776,en,15,phalita,phalita,Phalita,Phalita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of phal to burst,for the usual phulla,after analogy with phalita3] broken,only in phrase hadayaṃ phalitaṃ his heart broke DhA.I,173; hadayena phalitena with broken heart J.I,65.(Page 477),7,1
  10252. 364777,en,15,phalita,phalita,Phalita,Phalita,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [sporadic spelling for palita] grey-haired PvA.153.(Page 477),7,1
  10253. 364784,en,15,phalita,phālita,Phālita,Phālita,[=Sk.sphārita,sphar] 1.made open,expanded,spread J.III,320 (+vikasita).-- 2.split [fr.phāleti phal],split open Vism.262=VbhA.245 (°haliddi-vaṇṇa).(Page 478),7,1
  10254. 364848,en,15,phallava,phallava,Phallava,Phallava,is spelling for pallava sprout,at J.III,40.(Page 478),8,1
  10255. 364859,en,15,phalu,phalu,Phalu,Phalu,[cp.Vedic paru] a knot or joint in a reed,only in cpd.°bīja (plants) springing (or propagated) from a joint D.I,5; Vin.IV,34,35.(Page 478),5,1
  10256. 364931,en,15,phana,phaṇa,Phaṇa,Phaṇa,[cp.Epic Sk.phaṇa] the hood of a snake Vin.I,91 (°hatthaka,with hands like a snake’s hood); J.III,347 (patthaṭa°); DhA.III,231 (°ṃ ukkhipitvā); IV,133.Freq.as phaṇaṃ katvā (only thus,in ger.) raising or spreading its hood,with spread hood J.II,274; VI,6; Vism.399; DhA.II,257.(Page 476),5,1
  10257. 364951,en,15,phanaka,phaṇaka,Phaṇaka,Phaṇaka,[fr.phaṇa] an instrument shaped like a snake’s hood,used to smooth the hair Vin.II,107.(Page 476),7,1
  10258. 364990,en,15,phandana,phandana,Phandana,Phandana,[fr.phandati,cp.Sk.spandana] 1.(adj.) throbbing,trembling,wavering Dh.33 (phandanaṃ capalaṃ); J.VI,528 (°māluvā trembling creeper); DhA.I,50 (issa° throbbing with envy).-- 2.(m.) N.of a tree Dalbergia (aspen?) A.I,202; J.IV,208 sq.; Miln.173.-- 3.(nt.) throb,trembling,agitation,quivering J.VI,7 (°mattaṃ not even one throb; cp.phandita); Nd1 46 (taṇhā etc.).(Page 476),8,1
  10259. 364999,en,15,phandana,phandanā,Phandanā,Phandanā,(f.) [fr.phandati] throbbing,agitation,movement,motion SnA 245 (calanā+); DA.I,111; Nett 88 C.; cp.iñjanā.(Page 476),8,1
  10260. 365040,en,15,phandati,phandati,Phandati,Phandati,[<em>spand</em>,cp.Gr.sfadάcw to twitch,sfodrόs violent; Lat.pendeo “pend” i.e.hang down,cp.pendulum; Ags.finta tail,lit.mover,throbber] 1.to throb,palpitate D.I,52=M.I,404,cp.DA.I,159; Nd1 46.-- 2.to twitch,tremble,move,stir J.II,234; VI,113 (of fish wriggling when thrown on land).-- Caus.II.phandāpeti to make throb D.I,52=M.I,404.-- pp.phandita (q.v.).Cp.pari°,vi°,sam°.The nearest synonym is calati.(Page 476),8,1
  10261. 365056,en,15,phandita,phandita,Phandita,Phandita,(nt.) [pp.of phandati] throbbing,flashing; throb M.II,24 (°mattā “by his throbbings only”); pl.phanditāni “vapourings,” imaginings Vbh.390 (where VbhA.513 only says “phandanato phanditaṃ”) cp.Brethren 344.(Page 476),8,1
  10262. 365060,en,15,phanditatta,phanditatta,Phanditatta,Phanditatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.phandita]=phandanā S.V,315 (=iñjitatta).(Page 476),11,1
  10263. 365076,en,15,phanijjaka,phaṇijjaka,Phaṇijjaka,Phaṇijjaka,[etym.?] a kind of plant,which is enumd at Vin.IV,35=DA.I,81 as one of the aggabīja,i.e.plants propagated by slips or cuttings,together with ajjuka &#38; hirivera.At J.VI,536 the C.gives bhūtanaka as expln.According to Childers it is the plant Samīraṇa.(Page 476),10,1
  10264. 365087,en,15,phanita,phāṇita,Phāṇita,Phāṇita,(nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.phāṇita] 1.juice of the sugar cane,raw sugar,molasses (ucchu-rasaṃ gahetvā kataphāṇitaṃ VvA.180) Vin.II,177; D.I,141; Vv 3525; 404; J.I,33,120,227; Miln.107; DhA.II,57.phāṇitassa puṭaṃ a basket of sugar S.I,175; J.IV,366; DhA.IV,232.-- 2.(by confusion or rightly?) salt J.III,409 (in expln of aloṇika=phāṇita-virahita). --odaka sugar water J.III,372,--puṭa sugar basket J.IV,363.(Page 478),7,1
  10265. 365144,en,15,pharana,pharaṇa,Pharaṇa,Pharaṇa,(adj.-nt.) [fr.pharati] 1.(adj.) pervading,suffused (with),quite full (of) Miln.345.-- 2.(nt.) pervasion,suffusion,thrill J.I,82 (°samattha mettacitta); Nett 89 (pīti° etc.,as m.,cp.pharaṇatā); DhsA.166 (°pīti all-pervading rapture,permeating zest; cp.pīti pharaṇatā).-- Cp.anu°.(Page 476),7,1
  10266. 365156,en,15,pharanaka,pharaṇaka,Pharaṇaka,Pharaṇaka,(adj.) [fr.pharaṇa] thrilling,suffusing,pervading,filling with rapture VvA.16 (dvādasa yojanāni °pabho sarīra-vaṇṇo).(Page 476),9,1
  10267. 365210,en,15,pharanata,pharaṇatā,Pharaṇatā,Pharaṇatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.pharaṇa] suffusion,state of being pervaded (with),only --° in set of 4--fold suffusion,viz.pīti° of rapture,sukha° of restful bliss,ceto° of [telepathic] consciousnss,āloka° of light,D.III,277; Ps.I,48; Vbh.334; Nett 89.(Page 476),9,1
  10268. 365234,en,15,pharasu,pharasu,Pharasu,Pharasu,[cp.Vedic paraśu=Gr.pέlekus; on p›ph cp.Prk.pharasu &#38; parasu,Pischel Gr.§ 208; Geiger,Gr.§ 40] hatchet,axe A.III,162; J.I,199,399; II,409; V,500; DhA.II,204; PvA.277.The spelling parasu occurs at S.V,441 &#38; J.III,179.(Page 476),7,1
  10269. 365266,en,15,pharati,pharati,Pharati,Pharati,[sphur &#38; sphar,same root as in Gr.spaiρw to twitch; Lat.sperno “spurn” lit.kick away; Ags.speornan to kick; spurnan=spur] 1.(trs.) to pervade,permeate,fill,suffuse Pv.I,1014 (=vyāpetvā tiṭṭhati PvA.52); J.III,371 (sakala-sarīraṃ); V,64 (C.for pavāti); PvA.14 (okāsaṃ),276 (obhāsaṃ).To excite or stimulate the nerves J.V,293 (rasa-haraṇiyo khobhetvā phari:see under rasa).-- Often in standard phrase mettā-sahagatena cetasā ekaṃ (dutiyaṃ etc.) disaṃ pharitvā viharati D.II,186; S.V,115 and passim,where pharitvā at Vism.308=VbhA.377 is expld by phusitvā ārammaṇaṃ katvā.Cp.BSk.ekaṃ disāṃ spharitvopasampadya viharati MVastu III,213.Also in phrase pītiyā sarīraṃ pharati (aor.phari) to thrill the body with rapture,e.g.J.I,33; V,494; DhA.II,118; IV,102.-- 2.[in this meaning better to be derived from sphar to spread,expand,cp.pharita &#38; phālita] to spread,make expand J.I,82 (metta-cittaṃ phari).-- 3.[prob.of quite a diff.origin and only taken to pharati by pop.analogy,perhaps to phal=sphaṭ to split; thus kaṭṭh’atthaṃ pharati=to be split up for fuel] to serve as,only with °atthaṃ in phrases āhāratthaṃ ph.(after next phrase) to serve as food Miln.152; kaṭṭhatthaṃ ph.to serve as fuel A.II,95=S.III,93=It.90=J.I,482; khādaniyatthaṃ &#38; bhojaniyatthaṃ ph.to serve as eatables Vin.I,201 (so to be read in preference to °attaṃ).-- pp.pharita,phurita &#38; phuṭa; cp.also phuṭṭha; see further anu°,pari°.(Page 476),7,1
  10270. 365295,en,15,pharita,pharita,Pharita,Pharita,[pp.of pharati] 1.being pervaded or permeated (by) VvA.68 (mettāya).-- 2.spread (out) J.VI,284 (kittisaddo sakala-loke ph.).-- Cp.phuṭṭha &#38; phālita.(Page 476),7,1
  10271. 365312,en,15,pharuka,phāruka,Phāruka,Phāruka,(adj.) at VvA.288 is not clear; meaning something like “bitter,” combd with kasaṭa; v.l.pāru°.Probably=phārusaka.(Page 478),7,1
  10272. 365313,en,15,pharuliya,phāruliya,Phāruliya,Phāruliya,at Vbh.350 (in thambha-exegesis) is faulty spelling for phārusiya (nt.) harshness,unkindness,as evidence of id.passage at VbhA.469 shows (with expln “pharusassa puggalassa bhāvo phārusiyaṃ”).(Page 478),9,1
  10273. 365319,en,15,pharusa,pharusa,Pharusa,Pharusa,(adj.) [cp.Vedic paruṣa,on ph.›p see pharasu,on attempt at etym.cp.Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.fario] 1.(lit.) rough Pv.II,41.-- 2.(fig.) harsh,unkind,rough (of speech) Vin.II,290 (caṇḍa+); Pv.II,34; III,57; J.V,296; Kvu 619.In combn with vācā we find both pharusa-vācā and pharusā-vācā D.I,4,138; III,69 sq.,173,232; M.I,42 (on this and the same uncertainty as regards pisuṇā-vācā see Trenckner,at M.I,530).pharusa vacana rough speech PvA.15,55,83.-- 3.cruel Pv IV.76 (kamma=daruṇa PvA.265).(Page 476),7,1
  10274. 365347,en,15,pharusaka,phārusaka,Phārusaka,Phārusaka,[fr.pharusa,cp.Sk.*pāruṣaka Mvyut 103,143] 1.a certain flower,the (bitter) fruit of which is used for making a drink Vin.I,246; Vv 3331=DhA.III,316.‹-› 2.N.of one of Indra’s groves J.VI,278,similarly Vism.424; VbhA.439.(Page 478),9,1
  10275. 365452,en,15,phassa,phassa,Phassa,Phassa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [grd.fr.phusati,corresp.to Sk.spṛśya] to be felt,esp.as a pleasing sensation; pleasant,beautiful J.IV,450 (gandhehi ph.).(Page 478),6,1
  10276. 365453,en,15,phassa,phassa,Phassa,Phassa,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Ved.sparśa,of <em>spṛś</em>:see phusati] contact,touch (as sense or sense-impression,for which usually phoṭṭhabbaṃ).It is the fundamental fact in a senseimpression,and consists of a combination of the sense,the object,and perception,as expld at M.I,111:tiṇṇaṃ (i.e.cakkhu,rūpā,cakkhu-viññāṇa) saṅgati phasso; and gives rise to feeling:phassa-paccayā vedanā.(See paṭicca-samuppāda &#38; for expln Vism.567; VbhA.178 sq.).-- Cp.D.I,42 sq.; III,228,272,276; Vism.463 (phusatī ti phasso); Sn.737,778 (as fundamental of attachment,cp.SnA 517); J.V,441 (rājā dibba-phassena puṭṭho touched by the divine touch,i.e.fascinated by her beauty; puṭṭho=phutto); VbhA.177 sq.(in detail),193,265; PvA.86 (dup° of bad touch,bad to the touch,i.e.rough,unpleasant); poet.for trouble Th.1,783.See on phassa:Dhs.trsl.5 &#38; introd.(lv.) lxiii.; Cpd.12,14,94. --āyatana organ of contact (6,referring to the several senses) PvA.52.--āhāra “touch-food,” acquisition by touch,nutriment of contact,one of the 3 āhāras,viz.phass°,mano-sañcetanā° (n.of representative cogitation) and viññāṇ° (of intellection) Dhs.71--73; one of the 4 kinds of āhāra,or “food,” with ref.to the 3 vedanās Vism.341.--kāyā (6) groups of touch or contact vîz.cakkhu-samphasso,sota°,ghāna°,kāya°,mano° D.III,243.--sampanna endowed with (lovely) touch,soft,beautiful to feel J.V,441 (cp.phassita).(Page 478),6,1
  10277. 365501,en,15,phassana,phassanā,Phassanā,Phassanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.phassa] touch,contact with DhsA.167 (jhānassa lābho ...patti ...phassanā sacchikiriyā).(Page 478),8,1
  10278. 365624,en,15,phassati,phassati,Phassati,Phassati,stands for phusati at Vism.527 in def.of phassa (“phassatī ti phasso”).(Page 478),8,1
  10279. 365675,en,15,phasseti,phasseti,Phasseti,Phasseti,[Caus.of phusati1] to touch,attain J.V,251 (rājā dhammaṃ phassayaṃ=C.phassayanto; vv.ll.pa° &#38; phu°); Miln.338 (amataṃ,cp.phusati),340 (phassayeyya Pot.).-- Pass.phassīyati Vin.II,148 (kavāṭā na ph.; v.l.phussiy°).-- pp.phassita &#38; phussita3.(Page 478),8,1
  10280. 365696,en,15,phassita,phassita,Phassita,Phassita,(adj.) [pp.of phasseti=Sk.sparśayati to bring into contact] made to touch,brought into contact,only in cpd.suphassita of pleasant contact,beautiful to the touch,pleasant,perfect,symmetrical J.I,220 (cīvara),394 (dantā); IV,188 (dant’āvaraṇaṃ); V,197 (of the membrum muliebre),206 (read °phassita for °phussita),216 (°cheka-karaṇa); VvA.275 (as expln of atīva saṅgata Vv 642).-- Note.Another (doubtful) phassita is found at J.V,252 (dhammo phassito; touched,attained) where vv.ll.give passita &#38; phussita.(Page 478),8,1
  10281. 365726,en,15,phasu,phāsu,Phāsu,Phāsu,at Miln.146 (cp.p.425) “bhaggā phāsū” is un certain reading,it is not phāsuka; it may represent a pāsa snare,sling.The likeness with phāsukā bhaggā (lit.) of J.I,493 is only accidental.(Page 479),5,1
  10282. 365727,en,15,phasu,phāsu,Phāsu,Phāsu,(adj.) [etym.? Trenckner,Notes 82 (on Miln.1417:corr.J.P.T.S.1908,136 which refers it to Miln.1315) suggests connection with Vedic prāśu enjoying,one who enjoys,i.e.a guest,but this etym.is doubtful; cp.phāsuka.A key to its etym.may be found in the fact that it never occurs by itself in form phāsu,but either in composition or as °ka] pleasant,comfortable; only neg.a° in phrase aphāsu-karoti to cause discomfort to (Dat.) Vin.IV,290; and in cpds.°kāma anxious for comfort,desirous of (others) welfare D.III,164; °vihāra comfort,ease Vin.II,127; D.I,204; Dhs.1348=Miln.367 (cp.DhsA.404); Miln.14; Vism.33; VbhA.270; PvA.12.(Page 479),5,1
  10283. 365743,en,15,phasuka,phāsuka,Phāsuka,Phāsuka,(adj.) [fr.phāsu.Cp.Prk.phāsuya; Acc.to Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 208 Jain Sk.prāsuka is a distortion of P.phāsuka.Perhaps phāsu is abstracted from phāsuka] pleasant,convenient,comfortable J.III,343; IV,30; DhA.II,92; PvA.42.--aphāsuka unpleasant,uncomfortable,not well J.II,275,395; DhA.I,28; II,21.-- Note.It seems probable that phāsuka represents a Sk.*sparśuka (cp.Pischel § 62),which would be a der.fr.<em>spṛś</em> in same meaning as phassa2 (“lovely”).This would confirm the suggestion of phāsu being a secondary formation.(Page 479),7,1
  10284. 365752,en,15,phasuka,phāsukā,Phāsukā,Phāsukā,(f.) [cp.Sk *pārśukā &#38; Ved.pārśva,see passa2] a rib,only in pl.phāsukā Vin.I,74 (upaḍḍha° bhañjitabbā),in phrase sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā J.I,493 (lit.),which is fig.applied at Dh.154 (expld as “sabbā avasesa-kilesa-phāsukā bhaggā” at DhA.III,128),with which cp.bhaggā phāsū at Miln.146; both the latter phrases prob.of diff.origin.-- (adj.) (-°) in phrase mahā°passa the flank (lit.the side of the great ribs) J.I,164,179; III,273; abs.mahā° with great ribs J.V,42; uggata° with prominent ribs PvA.68 (for upphāsulika adj.Pv.II,11).-- in cpds.as phāsuka°,e.g.°aṭṭhīni the rib-bones (of which there are 24) Vism.254 (v.l.pāsuka°); VbhA.237; °dvaya pair of ribs Vism.252; VbhA.235.-- See also pāsuka,pāsuḷa &#38; the foll.(Page 479),7,1
  10285. 365787,en,15,phasula,phāsuḷā,Phāsuḷā,Phāsuḷā,[for phāsukā] rib S.II,255 (phāsuḷ-antarikā).(Page 479),7,1
  10286. 365796,en,15,phasuli,phāsuḷī,Phāsuḷī,Phāsuḷī,[cp.phāsukā &#38; phāsuḷā] a rib M.I,80.(Page 479),7,1
  10287. 365799,en,15,phasulika,phāsulikā,Phāsulikā,Phāsulikā,(f.) [fr.phāsuḷi] rib,only in cpd.upphāsulika (adj.) Pv.II,11.(Page 479),9,1
  10288. 365834,en,15,phati,phāti,Phāti,Phāti,(f.) [cp.Sk.sphāti,fr.<em>sphāy</em>,sphāyate to swell,increase (Idg.*spē(i),as in Lat.spatium,Ohg.spuot,Ags.spēd=E.speed; see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.spatium),pp.sphīta=P.phīta] swelling,increase J.II,426 (=vaḍḍhi); Vism.271 (vuddhi+).Usually combd with <em>kṛ</em>,as phāti-kamma increase,profit,advantage Vin.II,174; VbhA.334 &#38; phāti-karoti to make fat,to increase,to use to advantage M.I,220=A.V,347; A.III,432.(Page 478),5,1
  10289. 365866,en,15,pheggu,pheggu,Pheggu,Pheggu,[cp.Vedic phalgu &#38; P.phaggu in form] accessory wood,wood surrounding the pith of a tree,always with ref.to trees (freq.in similes),in sequence mūla,sāra,pheggu,taca,papaṭikā etc.It is represented as next to the pith,but inferior and worthless.At all passages contrasted with sāra (pith,substance).Thus at M.I,192 sq.,488; D.III,51; S.IV,168; A.I,152 (pheggu+ sāra,v.l.phaggu); II,110=Pug.52; A.III,20; J.III,431 (opp.sāra); Miln.267,413 (tacchako phegguṃ apaharitvā sāraṃ ādiyati).(Page 480),6,1
  10290. 365881,en,15,phegguka,phegguka,Phegguka,Phegguka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.pheggu] having worthless wood,weak,inferior M.I,488 (apagata°,where °ka belongs to the whole cpd.); J.III,318 (a°+sāramaya).(Page 480),8,1
  10291. 365897,en,15,phegguta,pheggutā,Pheggutā,Pheggutā,(f.) [abstr.fr.pheggu] state of dry wood; lack of substance,worthlessness Pug.A 229.(Page 480),8,1
  10292. 365912,en,15,phena,pheṇa,Pheṇa,Pheṇa,[cp.Vedic phena,with *ph fr.sp°,connected with Lat.spūma,scum,Ags.fām=Ger.feim=E.foam] scum,foam,froth,only in cpds.viz.: --uddehakaṃ (adv.) (paccamāna,boiling) with scum on top,throwing up foam M.III,167; A.I,141; Nd2 304III C; J.III,46; Miln.357.--paṭala a film of scum Vism.359; VbhA.65.--piṇḍa a lump or heap of foam S.III,140 sq.=Vism.479 (in simile of rūpa); Nd2 680 AII; Vism.40 (in comp); VbhA.32 sq.bubbuḷaka a bubble of scum Vism.171,259,345; VbhA.242.--mālā a wreath or garland of scum Miln.117.--mālin with a wreath of scum Miln.260.--missa mixed with froth Vism.263.--vaṇṇa colour of scum Vism.263.(Page 480),5,1
  10293. 365919,en,15,phenaka,pheṇaka,Pheṇaka,Pheṇaka,=pheṇa Vism.254; VbhA.237.(Page 480),7,1
  10294. 365990,en,15,phita,phīta,Phīta,Phīta,[pp.of sphāy,cp.Sk.sphīta &#38; see phāti] opulent,prosperous,rich; in the older texts only in stock phrase iddha ph.bahujana (rich &#38; prosperous &#38; well-populated) D.I,211 (of the town Nālandā); II,146 (of Kusāvatī); M.I,377; (of Nālandā) II.71 (of country); S.II,107 (fig.of brahmacariyaṃ; with bahujañña for °jana); A.III,215 (of town).By itself &#38; in other combn in the Jātakas,e.g.J.IV,135 (=samiddha); VI,355 (v.l.pīta).With iddha &#38; detailed description of all classes of the population (instead of bahujana) of a town Miln.330.(Page 479),5,1
  10295. 366001,en,15,phiya,phiya,Phiya,Phiya,[etym.unknown] oar Sn.321 (+aritta rudder,expld by dabbi-padara SnA 330); J.IV,21 (°ârittaṃ).See also piya2 which is the more freq.spelling of phiya.(Page 479),5,1
  10296. 366016,en,15,phoseti,phoseti,Phoseti,Phoseti,[Caus.of phusati2,cp.Sk.pruṣāyati=P.phusayati] to sprinkle (over) Vin.II,205 (inf.phosituṃ).‹-› pp.phosita.Cp.pari°.(Page 480),7,1
  10297. 366021,en,15,phosita,phosita,Phosita,Phosita,[pp.of phoseti,cp.Sk.pruṣita] sprinkled J.VI,47 (candana°,v.l.pusita).(Page 480),7,1
  10298. 366031,en,15,phota,phoṭa,Phoṭa,Phoṭa,[fr.<em>sphuṭ</em>,cp.Sk.sphoṭa] swelling,boil,blister J.IV,457; VI,8 (v.l.pota &#38; poṭha); cp.poṭa bubble.(Page 480),5,1
  10299. 366036,en,15,photaka,phoṭaka,Phoṭaka,Phoṭaka,=phoṭa Vism.258; VbhA.242.Phoṭana “applause,” in brahma-pphoṭana at DhA.III,210 should be taken as ā+phoṭana (=apphoṭana).(Page 480),7,1
  10300. 366058,en,15,photeti,phoṭeti,Phoṭeti,Phoṭeti,[Caus.of <em>sphuṭ</em>,if correct.Maybe mixed with <em>sphūrj</em>.The form apphoṭesi seems to be ā+phoṭeti= Sk.āsphoṭayati] to shake,toss (or thunder?) only at two places in similar formula,viz.devatā sādhukāraṃ adaṃsu,brahmāno apphoṭesuṃ (v.l.appoṭh°) Miln.13,18; Sakko devarājā appoṭhesi (v.l.appoṭesi),Mahābrahmā sādhukāraṃ adāsi J.VI,486.Perhaps we should read poṭheti (q.v.),to snap one’s fingers (clap hands) as sign of applause.At DhA.III,210 we read fut.apphoṭessāmi (i.e.ā+phoṭ).(Page 480),7,1
  10301. 366074,en,15,photthabba,phoṭṭhabba,Phoṭṭhabba,Phoṭṭhabba,(nt.) [grd.of phusati] tangible,touch,contact; it is synonymous with phassa,which it replaces in psychol.terminology.Phoṭṭhabbaṃ is the senseobject of kāya (or taca) touch (“kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā” D.III,226,250,269; Nd2 p.238 under rūpa).See also āyatana.-- D.III,102 (in list of ajjhattikabāhirāni āyatanāni:kāyo c’eva phoṭṭhabbā ca; with pl.like m.); VbhA.79 (°dhātu).(Page 480),10,1
  10302. 366158,en,15,phulaka,phulaka,Phulaka,Phulaka,(=pulaka) a kind of gem VvA.111.(Page 479),7,1
  10303. 366169,en,15,phulla,phulla,Phulla,Phulla,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of phalati,cp.phalita2] broken,in phrase akhaṇḍa-phulla unbroken (q.v.),Pv IV.176 and passim.(Page 479),6,1
  10304. 366170,en,15,phulla,phulla,Phulla,Phulla,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of phalati,or root formation fr.phull,cp.phalita3] blossoming,in blossom J.V,203.Also as Intensive phāliphulla “one mass of flowers” M.I,218; J.I,52.Note.phulla1 may stand for phuṭa2.(Page 479),6,1
  10305. 366199,en,15,phullita,phullita,Phullita,Phullita,[pp.of phullati] in flower,blossoming J.V,214 (for phīta=rich),216 (su°-vana).(Page 479),8,1
  10306. 366221,en,15,phunati,phunati,Phunati,Phunati,[?] to shake,sprinkle,of doubtful spelling,at J.VI,108 (aṅgārakāsuṃ ph.; v.l.punanti perhaps better; C.explns by vidhunati &#38; okirati).Perhaps we should read dhunati.(Page 479),7,1
  10307. 366230,en,15,phus,phus,Phus,Phus,(s)ita<sup>3</sup> [=phassita2,Kern.Toev.s.v.takes it as pp.of *puṃsayati] touched,put on,in °aggaḷa with fastened (clinched) bolts (or better:door-wings) M.I,76 (reads phassit°; cp.v.l.on p.535 phussit°); A.I,101; Th.1,385; J.VI,510.(Page 480),4,1
  10308. 366244,en,15,phusana,phusana,Phusana,Phusana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.phusati1 1] touch Vism.463.(Page 480),7,1
  10309. 366251,en,15,phusana,phusanā,Phusanā,Phusanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.phusati1 2] attainment,gaining,reaching Vism.278 (=phuṭṭha-ṭṭhāna); DhA.I,230 (ñāṇa°); VvA.85 (samādhi°).(Page 480),7,1
  10310. 366324,en,15,phusati,phusati,Phusati,Phusati,<sup>2</sup> this is a specific Pali form and represents two Sk.roots,which are closely related to each other and go back to the foll.2 Idg.roots:1.Idg.*<em>sp(h)ṛj</em>,burst out,burst (forth),spring,sprinkle,as in Sk.sphūrjati burst forth,parjanya rain cloud; Gr.sfaragέw; Ags.spearca=E.spark,E.spring,sprinkle.This is an enlargement of sphur (cp.pharati,phuṭṭha,phuta).‹-› 2.Idg.*spṛk to sprinkle,speckle,as in Sk.pruṣ,pṛśni speckled,pṛṣan,pṛṣatī spotted antelope,pṛṣata raindrop; Gr.perknόs of dark (lit.spotted) colour; Lat.spargere=Ger.sprenGen.To this root belong P.pasata,phoseti,paripphosaka,phussa,phusita.-- Inf.phusituṃ,conjectured reading at Vin.I,205 for T.phosituṃ (vv.ll.posituṃ &#38; dhovituṃ), &#38; Vin.II,151 for T.posituṃ; Vin.Texts III,169 translate “bespatter.” (Page 480),7,1
  10311. 366325,en,15,phusati,phusati,Phusati,Phusati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>spṛś</em>,fr.which sparśa=phassa; cp.also phassati] 1.(lit.) to touch Vism.463 (phusatī ti phasso); DA.I,61 (aor.phusī=metri causa for phusi); Miln.157 (grd.aphusa not to be touched).-- 2.(fig.) [see on this term of Buddhist ecstatic phraseology Cpd.1332.In this meaning it is very closely related to pharati,as appears e.g.from the foll.explns of Cys.:D.I,74 parippharati=samantato phusati DA.I,217; D.II,186 ≈ pharitvā=phusitvā ārammaṇaṃ katvā Vism.308] to attain,to reach,only in specific sense of attaining to the highest ideal of religious aspiration,in foll.phrases:ceto-samādhiṃ ph.D.I,13=III,30,108 etc.; nirodhaṃ D.I,184; samatha-samādhiṃ Vv 169 (reads āphusiṃ but should prob.be aphusiṃ as VvA.84,expld by adhigacchiṃ); phalaṃ aphussayi (aor.med.) Pv IV.188; cp.PvA.243; amataṃ padaṃ Pv IV.348; amataṃ Miln.338 (but T.reads khippaṃ phasseti a.); in bad sense kappaṭṭhitikaṃ kammaṃ Miln.108 (of Devadatta).-- pp.phuṭṭha.Cp.upa°.(Page 479),7,1
  10312. 366341,en,15,phusayati,phusāyati,Phusāyati,Phusāyati,[Caus.of <em>pruṣ</em>,but formed fr.P.phusati2] to sprinkle (rain),to rain gently,drizzle S.I,104 sq.,154,184 (devo ekaṃ ekaṃ ph.“drop by drop”).See also anuphusāyati (so read for °phusīyati).(Page 480),9,1
  10313. 366382,en,15,phusita,phusita,Phusita,Phusita,<sup>2 </sup>[pp.of phusati2 2.i.e.<em>pruṣ</em>,cp.Sk.pruṣita sprinkled,pṛṣatī spotted antelope] spotted,coloured,variegated (with flowers) Sn.233 (°agga=supupphit’agga-sākha KhA 192).(Page 480),7,1
  10314. 366383,en,15,phusita,phusita,Phusita,Phusita,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [either pp.of phusati2 or direct correspondent of Sk.pṛṣata (see pasata2)] rain-drop M.III,300; S.II,135; DhA.III,243.The Prk.equivalent is phusiya (Pischel,Gr.§ 208),cp.Ger.sprenkeln› E.sprinkle.(Page 480),7,1
  10315. 366405,en,15,phusitaka,phusitaka,Phusitaka,Phusitaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.phusita1) having raindrops,only in phrase thulla° deva (the sky) shedding big drops of rain S.II,32 (reads phulla-phusitaka); III,141; A.I,243; II,140; V,114; Vism.259.(Page 480),9,1
  10316. 366450,en,15,phussa,phussa,Phussa,Phussa,<sup>3</sup> (adj.-n.) [grd.formation fr.phusati2 2; scarcely fr.Sk.puṣya (to puṣ nourish,cp.poseti),but meaning rather “speckled” in all senses.The Sk.puṣyaratha is Sanskritisation of P.phussa°] 1.speckled,gaily-coloured,°kokila the spotted cuckoo [Kern,Toev.s.v.phussa however takes it as “male-cuckoo,” Sk.puṃs-kokila] J.V,419,423; VvA.57.-- As phussaka at A.I,188 (so read for pussaka).-- 2.in sense of “clear,excellent,exquisite” (or it is puṣya in sense of “substance,essence” of anything,as Geiger,P.Gr.§ 40 1a?) in °ratha [cp.Sk,puṣpa°,but prob.to be read puṣya°?] a wonderful state carriage running of its own accord J.II,39; III,238; IV,34; V,248; VI,39 sq.) v.l.pussa°); PvA.74.--rāga [cp.Sk.puṣpa-rāga] topaz Miln.118; VvA.111.-- At Nd1 90 as v.l.to be preferred to pussa° in °tila,°tela,°dantakaṭṭha,etc.with ref.to their use by Brahmins.(Page 480),6,1
  10317. 366451,en,15,phussa,phussa,Phussa,Phussa,<sup>2</sup> [ger.of phusati1] touching,feeling,realising; doubled at D.I,45,54.(Page 480),6,1
  10318. 366452,en,15,phussa,phussa,Phussa,Phussa,<sup>1</sup> [fr.puṣ to blossom,nourish,etc.cp.Ved.puṣya] 1.see phussa3 2.-- 2.N.of a month (Dec.-Jan.) J.I,86.N.of a lunar mansion or constellation Vv 534 (=phussa-tārakā VvA.236).-- Frequent as Np.,cp.Vism.422,and combns like °deva,°mitta.(Page 480),6,1
  10319. 366536,en,15,phuta,phuṭa,Phuṭa,Phuṭa,<sup>3</sup> at M.I,377 (sabba-vāri°,in sequence with vārita,yuta,dhuta) is unnecessarily changed by Kern,Toev.s.v.into pūta.The meaning is “filled with,spread with,” thus=phuṭa1,cp.sequence under ophuṭa.The v.l.at M.I,377 is puṭṭha.On miswriting of phuṭṭa &#38; puṭṭha for phuṭa cp.remark by Trenckner,M.I,553.A similar meaning (“full of,occupied by,overflowing with”) is attached to phuṭa in Avīci passage A.I,159 (Avīci maññe phuṭo ahosi),cp.Anāgata Vaṃsa (J.P.T.S.1886,V,39) &#38; remarks of Morris’s J.P.T.S.1887,165.-- The same passage as M.I,377 is found at D.I,57,where T.reads phuṭṭa (as also at DA.I,168),with vv.ll.puṭṭha &#38; phuṭa.(Page 479),5,1
  10320. 366537,en,15,phuta,phuṭa,Phuṭa,Phuṭa,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of <em>sphuṭ</em> to expand,blossom] blossoming out,opened,in full bloom Dāvs.IV,49 (°kumuda).Cp.phuṭita.(Page 479),5,1
  10321. 366538,en,15,phuta,phuṭa,Phuṭa,Phuṭa,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of pharati] 1.(cp.pharati1) pervaded,permeated,thrilled (cp.pari°) D.I,73,74 (pītisukhena; T.prints phuta; v.l.phuṭa; v.l.at DA.I,217 p(h)uṭṭha); M.I,276; J.I,33 (sarīraṃ pītiyā ph.); DhA.II,118 (pītiyā phuṭa-sarīro); SnA 107 (referring to the nerves of taste).-- 2.(cp.pharati2) expanded,spread out,spread with (Instr.) Vin.I,182 (lohitena); J.V,266 (in nirayapassage T.reads bhūmi yojana-sataṃ phuṭā tiṭṭhanti,i.e.the beings fill or are spread out over such a space; C.272 explns by “ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ anupharitvā tiṭṭhanti.” The id.p.at Nd1 405=Nd2 304III D reads bh.yojana-sataṃ pharitvā (intrs.:expanding,wide) tiṭṭhati,which is the more correct reading).-- See also ophuṭa &#38; cp.phuta3.(Page 479),5,1
  10322. 366563,en,15,phutita,phuṭita,Phuṭita,Phuṭita,[for phoṭita,pp.of *sphoṭayati,sphuṭ] 1.shaken,tossed about,burst,rent asunder,abstr.nt.phutitattaṃ being tossed about Miln.116 (v.l.put °).‹-› 2.cracked open,chapped,torn (of feet) Th.2,269 (so read for T.phuṭika,ThA.212 explns by bāhita &#38; has v.l.niphuṭita).(Page 479),7,1
  10323. 366572,en,15,phuttha,phuṭṭha,Phuṭṭha,Phuṭṭha,[pp.of phusati1] touched,affected by,influenced by; in specific sense (cp.phusati1 2) “thrilled,permeated” Vin.I,200 (ābādhena); A.II,174 (rogena); J.I,82 (mettacittena,v.l.puṭṭha); V,441 (dibbaphassena); Vism.31 (°samphassa contact by touch),49 (byādhinā); VvA.6 (in both meanings,scil.pītiyā &#38; rogena).On phuṭṭha at D.I,57 see phuṭa3.Cp.sam°.(Page 479),7,1
  10324. 366637,en,15,pi,pi,Pi,Pi,(indecl.) [the enclitic form of api (cp.api 2a); on similarities in Prk.see Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 143] emphatic particle,as prefix only in pidahati and pilandhati,where api° also is found (cp.api 1b).-- 1.also,and also,even so D.I,1; Vin.IV,139 (cara pi re get away with you:see re); J.I,151,278.-- 2.even,just so; with numbers or num.expressions “altogether,in all,just that many” J.I,151; III,275; IV,142.-- cattāro pi J.III,51; ubho pi J.I,223; sabbe pi Sn.52; J.I,280.‹-› 3.but,however,on the other hand,now (continuing a story) J.I,208; IV,2.-- 4.although,even if J.II,110 (ciram pi kho ...ca although for a long time ...yet).-- 5.perhaps,it is time that,probably Sn.43; J.I,151; II,103.-- 6.pi ...pi in correlation (like api ...api):(a) both ...and; very often untranslatable Sn.681 (yadā pi ...tadā pi when ...then),808 (diṭṭhā pi sutā pi); J.I,222 (jale pi thale pi); (b) either ...or J.I,150; II,102.(Page 456),2,1
  10325. 366661,en,15,piccha,piccha,Piccha,Piccha,(nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.piccha &#38; puccha tail,to Lat.pinna,E.fin.Ger.finne] tail-feather,esp.of the peacock Vin.I,186 (mora°).-- dve° ( &#38; de°) having two tail-feathers J.V,339,341 (perhaps to be taken as “wing” here,cp.Halāyudha 2,84=pakṣa).Cp.piñcha &#38; piñja.(Page 457),6,1
  10326. 366668,en,15,picchila,picchila,Picchila,Picchila,(adj.) [cp.Class.Sk.picchila] slippery Vism.264; VbhA.247 (lasikā=p-kuṇapaṃ); DhA.III,4 (°magga).(Page 457),8,1
  10327. 366674,en,15,picchita,picchita,Picchita,Picchita,in su° J.V,197 is not clear,C.expl5 by suphassita,i.e.pleasing,beautiful,desirable,thus dividing su-picch°.(Page 457),8,1
  10328. 366679,en,15,picu,picu,Picu,Picu,<sup>2</sup> [etym.unknown,prob.Non-Aryan] a wild animal,said to be a kind of monkey J.VI,537.(Page 457),4,1
  10329. 366680,en,15,picu,picu,Picu,Picu,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Class.Sk.picu] cotton Vin.I,271; usually in cpds,either as kappāsa° S.V,284,443,or tūla° S.V,284,351 (T.thula°),443; J.V,480 (T.tula°). --paṭala membrane or film of cotton Vism.445.--manda the Nimb or Neem tree Azadizachta Indica Pv IV.16 (cp.PvA.220); the usual P.form is pucimanda (q.v.).(Page 457),4,1
  10330. 366695,en,15,pidahana,pidahana,Pidahana,Pidahana,(nt.) [fr.api+<em>dhā</em>,cp.apidahana] covering up,shutting,closing Vism.20; DhA.IV,85 (=thakana).(Page 459),8,1
  10331. 366716,en,15,pidalaka,pidalaka,Pidalaka,Pidalaka,[etym.? Kern,Toev.s.v.suggests diminutiveformation fr.Sk.bidala split bamboo] a small stick,skewer Vin.II,116,cp.Bdhgh on p.317:“daṇḍakathina-ppamāṇena kaṭasārakassa pariyante paṭisaṃharitvā duguṇa-karaṇa.” See also Vin Texts III,94.Pidahati [api+<em>dhā</em>,cp.apidahati &#38; Prk.piṇidhattae= Sk.apinidhātave] to cover,to close,conceal,shut M.I,117,380 (dvāraṃ); J.I,292; III,26; V,389; Miln.139 (vajjaṃ); DhA.I,396; II,4,85; IV,197 (ūruṃ); Sdhp.321; aor.pidahi J.IV,308 (kaṇṇe); ger.pidahitvā Pv.II,76 (dvāraṃ); Vism.182 (nāsaṃ); DA.I,136,pidhatvā Th.2,480, &#38; pidhāya J.I,150 (dvāraṃ),243 (id.); ThA.286; DhA.II,199 (dvārāni).-- Pass.pithīyati; pp.pihita (q.v.).The opp.of p.is vivarati.(Page 459),8,1
  10332. 366722,en,15,pidhana,pidhāna,Pidhāna,Pidhāna,(nt.) [=pidahana] cover J.VI,349.--°phalaka covering board Vism.261 (where KhA in same passage reads paṭikujjana-phalaka)=VbhA.244.(Page 459),7,1
  10333. 366730,en,15,pidhara,pidhara,Pidhara,Pidhara,[fr.api+<em>dhṛ</em>] a stick (or rag?) for scraping (or wiping?) Vin.II,141 (avalekhana°),221 (id.).Meaning doubtful.(Page 459),7,1
  10334. 366742,en,15,piha,pihā,Pihā,Pihā,(f.) [fr.<em>spṛh</em>,cp.Sk.spṛhā] envy,desire M.I,304; J.I,197; Vism.392 (Bhagavantaṃ disvā Buddha-bhāvāya pihaṃ anuppādetvā thita-satto nāma n’atthi).-- adj.apiha without desire S.I,181.(Page 461),4,1
  10335. 366749,en,15,pihaka,pihaka,Pihaka,Pihaka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.plihaṇaka &#38; plīhan (also Vedic plāśi?),Av.sp∂r∂Qan; Gr.splήn,splάgxna entrails; Lat.lien spleen] the spleen M.III,90; Sn.195; J.V,49.In detail at Vism.257; VbhA.240.(Page 461),6,1
  10336. 366757,en,15,pihalu,pihālu,Pihālu,Pihālu,(adj.) [cp.Sk.spṛhālu,fr.<em>spṛh</em>,but perhaps=Ved.piyāru malevolent.On y›h cp.P.paṭṭhayati for paṭṭhahati] covetous,only neg.a° S.I,187=Th.1,1218; Sn.852; Nd1 227.(Page 461),6,1
  10337. 366761,en,15,pihana,pihana,Pihana,Pihana,(nt.) &#38; °ā (f.) [fr.piheti] envying Dhs.1059; SnA 459 (°sīla).(Page 461),6,1
  10338. 366768,en,15,pihayana,pihāyanā,Pihāyanā,Pihāyanā,(f.)=pihanā Nett 18.(Page 461),8,1
  10339. 366775,en,15,pihayati,pihayati,Pihayati,Pihayati, &#38; Piheti [cp.Vedic spṛhayati,<em> spṛh</em>] 1.to desire,long for (with Acc.) Vin.II,187; S.II,242 (pihāyittha 2nd pl.aor.); J.I,401; IV,198 (pattheti+); Th.2,454; Vv 8445 (=piyāyati VvA.349).-- 2.to envy (with Gen.of person &#38; object),covet M.I,504; S.I,202,236; Th.1,62; Sn.823,947; It.36; Dh.94 (=pattheti DhA 177),181 (id.III,227),365 (ppr.pihayaṃ=labhaṃ patthento DhA.IV,97); J.I,197 (aor.mā pihayi); Miln.336.-- pp.pihayita.(Page 461),8,1
  10340. 366780,en,15,pihayita,pihayita,Pihayita,Pihayita,[pp.of pihayati] desired,envied,always combd with patthita Miln.182,351.(Page 461),8,1
  10341. 366790,en,15,pihita,pihita,Pihita,Pihita,[pp.of pidahati] covered,closed,shut,obstructed (opp.vivaṭa) M.I,118; III,61; S.I,40; A.II,104; Nd1 149; J.I,266; Miln.102 (dvāra),161; Vism.185; DA.I,182 (°dvāra).(Page 461),6,1
  10342. 366815,en,15,pila,pīḷā,Pīḷā,Pīḷā,(f.) [cp.Class.Sk.pīḍā fr.<em>pīḍ</em>] 1.pain,suffering J.I,421; Miln.278; Vism.42.-- 2.oppression,damage,injury SnA 353; DA.I,259.(Page 462),4,1
  10343. 366820,en,15,pilaka,pilaka,Pilaka,Pilaka,[cp.Class.Sk.piḍakā] a boil Sn.p.124 (piḷaka,v.l.pilaka); Vism.35 (pīḷaka); DhA.I,319 (v.l.piḷaka).‹-› See also piḷakā.(Page 460),6,1
  10344. 366826,en,15,pilaka,piḷakā,Piḷakā,Piḷakā,(f.) [cp.Class.Sk.piḍakā] 1.a small boil,pustule,pimple Vin.I,202; S.I,150; J.V,207,303; Nd1 370; Miln.298; DA.I,138.-- 2.knob (of a sword) J.VI,218.-- Cp.pilaka.(Page 460),6,1
  10345. 366833,en,15,pilaka,pīḷaka,Pīḷaka,Pīḷaka,[fr.pīd?] a (sort of) boil Vism.35; see pilaka.(Page 462),6,1
  10346. 366842,en,15,pilakkha,pilakkha,Pilakkha,Pilakkha,[cp.Vedic plakṣa] the wave-leaved fig tree,Ficus infectoria Vin.IV,35; DA.I,81.As pilakkhu [cp.Prk.pilakkhu Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 105] at S.V,96; J.III,24,398.(Page 460),8,1
  10347. 366849,en,15,pilala,pilāla,Pilāla,Pilāla,at J.I,382 (°piṇḍa+mattikā-piṇḍa) is doubtful.Fausböll suggests mistake for palala straw,so also Ed.Müller,P.Gr.6.(Page 460),6,1
  10348. 366854,en,15,pilana,pīḷana,Pīḷana,Pīḷana,(nt.) [fr.<em>pīḍ</em>,cp.pīḷā] oppression,injury,suffering (from dukkha) Vism.212=494; also in nakkhatta° harm to a constellation,i.e.occultation DhA.I,166 sq.(Page 462),6,1
  10349. 366859,en,15,pilandha,pilandha,Pilandha,Pilandha,(adj.) (-°) [fr.pilandhati] adorning or adorned Miln.336,337.Cp.apiḷandha.(Page 460),8,1
  10350. 366865,en,15,pilandhana,pilandhana,Pilandhana,Pilandhana, &#38; Piḷandhana (nt.) [=apilandhana] putting on ornaments,embellishment,ornament,trinkets A.I,254,257; III,16; Th.2,74; Vv 6417 (ḷ); J.I,386 (ḷ); V,205; VbhA.230 (°vikati; ḷ); VvA.157 (ḷ),167 (ḷ); PvA.(ḷ); Sdhp.243.(Page 460),10,1
  10351. 366879,en,15,pilandhati,pilandhati,Pilandhati,Pilandhati,[see apilandhati,api+nah] to adorn,put on,bedeck Miln.337; J.V,400.Caus.II.pilandhāpeti J.I,386.(Page 460),10,1
  10352. 366895,en,15,pilapanata,pilāpanatā,Pilāpanatā,Pilāpanatā,(f.) [fr.plu,see pilavati] superficiality Dhs.1349,cp.DhsA.405.(Page 460),10,1
  10353. 366898,en,15,pilava,pilava,Pilava,Pilava, &#38; Plava [fr.plu,cp.Vedic plava boat,Russ.plov ship] 1.swimming,flowing,floating J.V,408 (suplav-atthaṃ in order to swim through well=plavana C.).-- 2.a kind of duck [so Epic Sk.] Vv 35<sup>8</sup> (cp.VvA.163); J.V,420.(Page 460),6,1
  10354. 366900,en,15,pilavana,pilavana,Pilavana,Pilavana, &#38; Palavana (nt.) [fr.plu] swimming,plunging J.V,409 (pl°).(Page 460),8,1
  10355. 366908,en,15,pilavati,pilavati,Pilavati,Pilavati, &#38; Plavati [cp.Vedic plavati; plu,as in Lat.pluo to rain,pluvius rain,Gr.plέw swim,plu/nw wash; Ohg.flouwen etc.to rinse=E.flow] to move quickly (of water),to swim,float,sway to &#38; fro Th.1,104; Miln.377; VvA.163; DhsA.76.As plavati at J.I,336 (verse); Dh.334 (v.l.SS; T.palavati).As palavati at Th.1,399.-- See also uppalavati (uppluta),opilāpeti,paripalavati.(Page 460),8,1
  10356. 366917,en,15,pilayhati,piḷayhati,Piḷayhati,Piḷayhati,[api+nayhati,cp.Sk.pinahyate] to fasten on,put on,cover,dress,adorn J.V,393 (piḷayhatha 3rd sg.imper.=pilandhatu C.).(Page 460),9,1
  10357. 366927,en,15,pileti,pīḷeti,Pīḷeti,Pīḷeti,[cp.Vedic pīḍayati,pīḍ,cp.Gr.piέzw (*pisedQw?) to press,oppress (lit.sit upon?)] 1.to press,press down Vin.II,225 (coḷakaṃ).-- 2.to weigh down heavily J.I,25 (ppr.pīḷiyamāna),138.-- 3.to press,clench Miln.418 (muṭṭhiṃ pīḷayati); DhA.IV,69 (aṅguliyā pīḷiyamānāya).-- 4.to crush,keep under,subjugate Miln.277 (janaṃ).-- 5.to molest VvA.348 (pīḷanto ppr.for pīḷento?).-- pp.pīḷita.(Page 462),6,1
  10358. 366933,en,15,pilhaka,piḷhaka,Piḷhaka,Piḷhaka,(v.l.miḷhakā) at S.II,228 is to be read as mīḷhakā “cesspool” (q.v.).The C.quoted on p.228 expls incorrectly by “kaṃsalak’ādi gūthapāṇakā,” which would mean “a low insect breeding in excrements” (thus perhaps=paṭaṅga?).The trsl.(K.S.II.155) has “dung-beetle.” (Page 461),7,1
  10359. 366936,en,15,pilikolika,pīlikoḷikā,Pīlikoḷikā,Pīlikoḷikā,(f.) [reading not quite sure,cp.koḷikā] eyesecretion Th.2,395 (=akkhigūthaka ThA.259,q.v.for fuller expln; see also J.P.T.S.1884,88).(Page 462),10,1
  10360. 366946,en,15,pilita,pīḷita,Pīḷita,Pīḷita,[pp.of pīḷeti] crushed,oppressed,molested,harassed Vin.IV,261; Vism.415 (dubbhikkha°); DhA.IV,70; ThA.271.Cp.abhi°,pa°.(Page 462),6,1
  10361. 366957,en,15,pillaka,pillaka,Pillaka,Pillaka,[cp.Sk.*pillaka] the young of an animal,sometimes used as term for a child J.II,406 (sūkara°); DhA.IV,134 (as an abusive term; vv.ll.SS kipillaka; gloss K pitucūḷaka,BB cūḷakaniṭṭha); Sdhp.164,165.-- As pillika at J.I,487 (godha°,v.l.BB godha-kippillika).(Page 460),7,1
  10362. 366969,en,15,pilotika,pilotikā,Pilotikā,Pilotikā,(f.) [cp.Class.Sk.plota (BR=prota),Suśr.I.15,3; 16,7 &#38; passim] a small piece of cloth,a rag,a bandage Vin.I,255,296 (khoma° cp.Vin.Texts II.156); M.I,141 (chinna-°o-dhammo laid bare or open); S.II,28 (id.),219 (paṭa°); J.I,220; II,145; III,22 (jiṇṇa°),511; VI,383; Miln.282; Vism.328; KhA 55; DhA.I,221 (tela° rags dipped in oil); VvA.5; PvA.185; -- As m.at J.IV,365.The BSk.forms vary; we read chinna-pilotika at AvŚ I.198; MVastu III,63; pilotikā (or °ka) at MVastu III,50,54.Besides we have ploti in karmaploti (pūrvikā k.) Divy 150 etc.AvŚ I.421. --khaṇḍa a piece of rag DhA.IV,115; ThA.269; PvA.171.(Page 460),8,1
  10363. 366983,en,15,pimsa,piṃsa,Piṃsa,Piṃsa,[pp.of piṃsati2] crushed,ground,pounded DhA.III,184 (v.l.piṭṭha,perhaps preferable).(Page 456),5,1
  10364. 366993,en,15,pimsati,piṃsati,Piṃsati,Piṃsati,<sup>2</sup> [<em>piṣ</em> or <em>piṃṣ</em>,Vedic pinaṣṭi,cp.Lat.pinso to grind,pīla=pestle,pistillum=pistil; Lith.paisýti to pound barley; Gr.ptiζsw id.; Ohg.fesa=Nhg.fese] 1.to grind,crush,pound J.I,452; II,363; IV,3 (matthakaṃ),440 (akaluñ candanañ ca silāya p.); Miln.43; DhA.III,184 (gandhe piṃsissati; BB pisissati).-- 2.to knock against each other,make a sound J.V,202:see piṃsati1.-- pp.piṃsa &#38; piṭṭha1.See also pisati and paṭi°.(Page 456),7,1
  10365. 366994,en,15,pimsati,piṃsati,Piṃsati,Piṃsati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>piś</em> or <em>piṃś</em>,cp.Vedic piṃśati,with two bases viz.Idg.*peig,as in P.piñjara &#38; pingala; Lat.pingo to paint,embroider; and *peik,as in Sk.piṃśati,peśaḥ; Av.paes- to embellish; Gr.poikiλos many-coloured; Goth.fēh,Ags.fāh id.See detail in Walde,Lat.Wtb.under pingo] to adorn,form,embellish; orig.to prick,cut.Perhaps piṃsare (3.pl.med.) J.V,202 belongs here,in meaning “tinkle,sound” (lit.prick),expld in C.by viravati.Other der.see under pingala.piñjara,pesakāra.(Page 456),7,1
  10366. 367011,en,15,pina,pīna,Pīna,Pīna,(adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.pīna of <em>pī</em> to swell up (with fat); to which also Vedic pīvan &#38; pīvara fat,Gr.pimelή &#38; pion fat,Lat.opīmus fat,Ger.feist &#38; fett=E.fat] fat,swollen Th.2,265 (of breasts).(Page 462),4,1
  10367. 367018,en,15,pinana,pīṇana,Pīṇana,Pīṇana,(nt.) [fr.<em>prī</em>,cp.pīti] 1.gladdening,thrill,satisfaction Vism.143=DhsA.115.-- 2.embellishment Vism.32 (=maṇḍana).(Page 461),6,1
  10368. 367030,en,15,pinasa,pināsa,Pināsa,Pināsa,[cp.Sk.pīnasa] cold in the head,catarrh,in enumn of illnesses under dukkha,at Nd2 304Q ≈ (kāsa,sāsa,pināsa,etc.).(Page 459),6,1
  10369. 367038,en,15,pincha,piñcha,Piñcha,Piñcha,=piccha,i.e.tail-feather,tail Vin.II,130 (mora°).Cp.piñja.(Page 457),6,1
  10370. 367048,en,15,pinda,piṇḍa,Piṇḍa,Piṇḍa,[cp.Vedic piṇḍa; probably connected with piṣ i.e.crush,grind,make into a lump; Grassmann compares pīḍ to press; on other attempts at etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.puls] 1.a lump,ball,thick ( &#38; round) mass S.I,206 (aṭṭhīyaka°); Pv III,55 (nonīta°); VvA.62 (kummāsa°),65; Sdhp.529 (ayo°).-- 2.a lump of food,esp.of alms,alms given as food S.I,76; Sn.217,388,391; J.I,7 (nibbuta° cooled); Miln.243 (para °ṃ ajjhupagata living on food given by others).piṇḍāya (Dat.) for alms,freq.in combn with carati,paṭikkamati,(gāmaṃ) pavisati,e.g.Vin.II,195; III,15; M.III,157; Sn.386; SnA 141,175; PvA.12,13,16,47,81,136 and passim.-- 3.a conglomeration,accumulation,compressed form,heap,in akkhara° sequence of letters or syllables,context DhA.IV,70. --attha condensed meaning,résumé J.I,233,275,306; KhA 124,192.Cp.sampiṇḍanattha.--ukkhepakaṃ in the manner of taking up lumps (of food),a forbidden way of eating Vin.II,214=IV.195,cp.Vin.Texts I.64 (=piṇḍaṃ piṇḍaṃ ukkhipitvā C.).--gaṇanā counting in a lump,summing up DA.I,95.--cāra alms-round,wandering for alms Sn.414.--cārika one who goes for alms,begging Vin.II,215; III,34,80; IV,79; J.I,116; VvA.6.--dāyika ( &#38; °dāvika) one who deals out food (as occupation of a certain class of soldiers) D.I,51 (°dāvika); A.IV,107 (v.l.°dāyaka); Miln.331; cp.DA.I,156.See also Geiger,P.Gr.46,1; Rh.D.Dial.I.68 (trsl.“camp-follower”); Franke,Dīgha trsl.531 trsl.“Vorkämpfer” but recommends trsl.“Klossverteiler” as well).--dhītalikā a doll made of a lump of dough,or of pastry PvA.17; cp.piṭṭha°.--paṭipiṇḍa (kamma) giving lump after lump,alms for alms,i.e.reciprocatory begging J.II,82 (piṇḍa-paṭipiṇḍena jīvikaṃ kappesuṃ),307 (piṇḍapāta-paṭipiṇḍena jīvikaṃ kappenti); V,390 (mayaṃ piṇḍa-paṭipiṇḍa-kammaṃ na karoma).--pāta food received in the alms-bowl (of the bhikkhu),alms-gathering (on term see Vism.31 yo hi koci āhāro bhikkhuno piṇḍolyena patte patitattā piṇḍapāto ti vuccati,and cp.BSk.piṇḍapāta-praviṣṭha AvŚ I.359; piṇḍapāta-nirhāraka Divy 239) Vin.I,46; II,32 (°ṃ nīharāpeti),77,198,223; III,80,99; IV,66 sq.,77; M.III,297; S.I,76,92; A.I,240; II,27,143; III,109,145 sq.; V,100; Sn.339; J.I,7,149,212,233; Pug.59; Vism.31,60; VbhA.279 (°âpacāyana); SnA 374; PvA.11 sq.,16,38,240.--pātika one who eats only food received in the alms-bowl; °aṅga is one of the dhutaṅga ordinances (see dhutaṅga) Vin.I,253; II,32 (°aṅga),299 (+paṃsukūlika); III,15 (id.); M.I,30; III,41; A.III,391; Pug.59,69; SnA 57 (°dhutaṅga).--piṇḍapātika bhikkhu a bh.on his alms-round Vism.246 (in simile); VbhA.229 (id.).Cp.BSk.piṇḍapātika AvŚ I.248.--pātikatta (abstr.to prec.) the state of eating alms-food,a characteristic of the Buddhist bhikkhu M.III,41; S.II,202,208 sq.; A.I,38; III,109.(Page 458),5,1
  10371. 367066,en,15,pindaka,piṇḍaka,Piṇḍaka,Piṇḍaka,[fr.piṇḍa] (alms)--food A.IV,185 (SS piṇḍapāta); in phrase na piṇḍakena kilamati not go short of food Vin.III,15,87; IV,23,in ukka-piṇḍaka meaning a cluster of msects or vermin Vin.I,211=239 (v.l.piṇḍuka).(Page 458),7,1
  10372. 367119,en,15,pindeti,piṇḍeti,Piṇḍeti,Piṇḍeti,[denom.fr.pinḍa] to ball together,mix,put together Pv.II,952 (=pisana-vasena yojeti PvA.135).‹-› pp.piṇḍita.(Page 458),7,1
  10373. 367126,en,15,pindi,piṇḍi,Piṇḍi,Piṇḍi,(f.) [cp.piṇḍa &#38; Sk.piṇḍī] a lump,round mass,ball,cluster D.I,74=A.III,25 (nahāniya° ball of fragrant soap; DA.I,218:piṇḍa); M.III,92; J.I,76 (phala°); II,393; III,53 (amba°); Miln.107; Vism.500 (piṭṭha°); DhA.III,207 (amba°).(Page 458),5,1
  10374. 367133,en,15,pindika,piṇḍika,Piṇḍika,Piṇḍika,(-°) in chatta°-vivara is a little doubtful,the phrase prob.means “a crevice in the covering (i.e.the round mass) of the canopy or sunshade” J.VI,376.‹-› Dutoit (J.trsln VI,457) translates “opening at the back of the sunshade,” thus evidently reading “piṭṭhika.” (Page 458),7,1
  10375. 367146,en,15,pindita,piṇḍita,Piṇḍita,Piṇḍita,(adj.) [pp.of piṇḍeti,cp.BSk.piṇḍitamūlya lump-sum Divy 500] 1.made into a lump,massed together,conglomerated,thick Th.2,395.-- 2.“balllike,” close,compact; of sound:J.II,439; VI,519.(Page 458),7,1
  10376. 367152,en,15,pindiyalopa,pindiyālopa,Pindiyālopa,Pindiyālopa,[piṇḍi+ālopa] a morsel of food Vin.I,58 (°bhojana),96 (id.); A.II,27; It.102.(Page 458),11,1
  10377. 367161,en,15,pindola,piṇḍola,Piṇḍola,Piṇḍola,[etym.unclear] one who seeks alms S.III,93= It.89; cp.Np.°bhāradvāja SnA 346,514,570.(Page 458),7,1
  10378. 367169,en,15,pindolya,piṇḍolya,Piṇḍolya,Piṇḍolya,(nt.) [fr.piṇḍola] asking for alms,alms-round S.III,93=It.89; Vism.31.(Page 458),8,1
  10379. 367183,en,15,pineti,pīṇeti,Pīṇeti,Pīṇeti,[cp.Vedic prīṇāti,prī,see piya.The meaning in Pāli however has been partly confused with pī,pinvati (see pīna),as suggested by Bdhgh in DA.I,157:“pīṇentī ti pīṇitaṃ thāma-bal’ûpetaṃ karonti”] to gladden,please,satisfy,cheer; to invigorate,make strong,often in phrase (attānaṃ) sukheti pīṇeti “makes happy and pleases” D.I,51; III,130 sq.; S.I,90; IV,331; PvA.283:cp.DhsA.403 (sarīraṃ p.).It also occurs in def.of pīti (pīṇayatī ti pīti) at Vism.143=DhsA.115.-- pp.pīṇita.(Page 461),6,1
  10380. 367190,en,15,pinga,piṅga,Piṅga,Piṅga,see <i>piṅka</i>.(Page 457),5,1
  10381. 367197,en,15,pingala,piṅgala,Piṅgala,Piṅgala,(adj.) [see piṃsati<sup>1</sup>,cp.Vedic pingala] 1.reddishyellow,brown,tawny S.I,170; J.VI,199 (=pingiya).‹-› 2.red-eyed,as sign of ugliness J.IV,245 (as Np.; combd with nikkhanta-dāṭha); V,42 (tamba-dāṭhika nibbiddha-pingala); Pv.II,41 (=°locana PvA.90; +kaḷāra-danta). --kipillaka the red ant DhA.III,206.--cakkhutā redeyedness PvA.250.--makkhikā the gadfly J.III,263 (=ḍaṃsa) Nd2 268=SnA 101 (id.); SnA 33 (where a distinction is made between kāṇa-makkhikā and pingala°),572 (=ḍaṃsa).(Page 457),7,1
  10382. 367212,en,15,pingiya,piṅgiya,Piṅgiya,Piṅgiya,(adj.) [fr.Vedic piṅga] reddish-brown,yellow J.VI,199.(Page 457),7,1
  10383. 367218,en,15,pingula,piṅgulā,Piṅgulā,Piṅgulā,(f.) [a var.of Sk.piṅgalā,a kind of owl] a species of bird J.VI,538.(Page 457),7,1
  10384. 367222,en,15,pinita,pīṇita,Pīṇita,Pīṇita,[pp.of pīṇeti] pleased,gladdened,satisfied Vv 1613 (=tuṭṭha VvA.84); Miln.238,249,361; usually in phrase pīṇitindriya with satisfied senses,with joyful heart M.II,121; PvA.46,70.(Page 461),6,1
  10385. 367230,en,15,pinja,piñja,Piñja,Piñja,(nt.) [=piccha] a (peacock’s) tail-feather J.I,38 (mora° kalāpa),207 (=pekkhuṇa); III,226 (BB piccha &#38; miccha); DA.I,41 (mora°); DhA.I,394 (id.); VvA.147 (mayūra°; BB piñcha,SS pakkha); PvA.142 (mora° kalāpa).(Page 457),5,1
  10386. 367239,en,15,pinjara,piñjara,Piñjara,Piñjara,[cp.Class.Sk.piñjara; for etym.see piṃsati1] of a reddish colour,tawny J.I,93; DA.I,245; VvA.165,288. --odaka fruit of the esculent water plant Trapa Bispinosa J.VI,563 (v.l.ciñcarodaka),expld by siṅghāṭaka.(Page 457),7,1
  10387. 367245,en,15,pinjita,piñjita,Piñjita,Piñjita,(adj.) [fr.piṃsati<sup>1</sup>,cp.Sk.piñjana] tinged,dyed Miln.240.On expression see Kern,Toev.s.v.(Page 457),7,1
  10388. 367249,en,15,pinka,piṅka,Piṅka,Piṅka,[for pinga yellow,brownish,tawny] a young shoot,sprout J.III,389 (v.l.singa,which also points to pinga; expld by pavāla).(Page 457),5,1
  10389. 367257,en,15,pinnaka,piññāka,Piññāka,Piññāka,(nt.) [to piṃsati<sup>2</sup>,cp.Class.Sk.piṇyāka] ground sesamum,flour of oil-seeds M.I,78,342; Vin.IV,341.(p.nāma tilapiṭṭhaṃ vuccati); VvA.142 (tila° seed cake); PvA.48. --bhakkha feeding on flour of oil-seeds D.I,166; A.I,241,295; II,206; Nd1 417; Pug.55.(Page 457),7,1
  10390. 367272,en,15,pipasa,pipāsā,Pipāsā,Pipāsā,(f.) [Desid.form.fr.pā,pibati›pipati,lit.desire to drink] 1.thirst Nd2 443 (=udaka-pipāsā); Miln.318; VbhA.196 (in comparison); PvA.23,33,67 sq.; Sdhp.288.Often combd with khudā (hunger) e.g.Sn.52,436 (khup°); PvA.67; or jighacchā (id.),e.g.M.I,10; S.I,18; A.II,143,153; Miln.304.-- 2.longing (for food),hunger J.II,319.-- 3.desire,craving,longing D.III,238 (avigata°); S.III,7,108,190; IV,387; A.II,34 (pipāsavinaya; expld at Vism.293); IV,461 sq.(Page 459),6,1
  10391. 367284,en,15,pipasin,pipāsin,Pipāsin,Pipāsin,(adj.) [fr.pipāsā] thirsty D.II,265.(Page 459),7,1
  10392. 367289,en,15,pipasita,pipāsita,Pipāsita,Pipāsita,(adj.) [pp.of pipāsati,Desid.fr.pā,cp.pipāsā] thirsty S.I,143; II,110 (surā°); J.VI,399; Miln.318 (kilantatasita-p.); Vism.262; PvA.127; Sdhp.151.(Page 459),8,1
  10393. 367294,en,15,pipati,pipati,Pipati,Pipati,[dial.form for pibati,pivati,usually restricted to Gāthā Dial.,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 132] to drink,only in imper.pres.pipa M.I,316; S.I,459,and ppr.pipaṃ J.V,255,Gen.pl.pipataṃ Sn.398.(Page 459),6,1
  10394. 367297,en,15,pipi,pipi,Pipi,Pipi,(adj.) [fr.pā,see pivati] drinking (?) in su° good to drink (?) J.VI,326 (v.l.BB sucimant).Or is it “flowing” (cp.Vedic pipiṣvat overflowing)? (Page 459),4,1
  10395. 367299,en,15,pipilika,pipīlikā,Pipīlikā,Pipīlikā,(f.) &#38; pipillika [cp.Vedic pipīlikā,pipīlaka &#38; pipīlika; BSk.pipīlaka AvŚ II.130 (kunta°).See also kipillikā] ant J.III,276 (BB kipillikā); Sdhp.23; as pipillikā at J.I,202.(Page 459),8,1
  10396. 367308,en,15,pippala,pippala,Pippala,Pippala,[for the usual P.pipphalī,Sk.pippalī] pepper Vin.I,201,cp.Vin.Texts II.46.(Page 460),7,1
  10397. 367315,en,15,pipphala,pipphala,Pipphala,Pipphala,[cp.Epic Sk.pippala,on ph for p see pipphalī] the fruit of Ficus religiosa,the holy fig tree J.VI,518 (Kern’s reading,Toev.s.v.for T.maddhu-vipphala,C.reads madhuvipphala &#38; explns by madhuraphala).(Page 460),8,1
  10398. 367319,en,15,pipphalaka,pipphalaka,Pipphalaka,Pipphalaka,(nt.?) [etym.? BR give Sk.*pippalaka in meaning “thread for sewing”] scissors (? so ed.) DA.I,70.(Page 460),10,1
  10399. 367325,en,15,pipphali,pipphalī,Pipphalī,Pipphalī,(f.) [with aspirate ph for p,as in Sk.pippalī,see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 62.See also pippala.Etym.loan words are Gr.pέperi=Lat.piper=E.pepper,Ger.pfeffer] long pepper S.V,79; J.III,85; Vv 436; DhA.I,258 (°guhā Npl.); IV,155.(Page 460),8,1
  10400. 367335,en,15,pire,pire,Pire,Pire,at Vin.IV,139 is to be separated (cara pi re get away with you),both pi and re acting as part.of exclamation.The C.expln (p.362) by “pire (Voc.?)=para,amāmaka” is an artificial construction.(Page 460),4,1
  10401. 367345,en,15,pisaca,pisāca,Pisāca,Pisāca,[cp.Sk.piśāca &#38; Vedic piśāci; to same root as pisuna=Vedic piśuna, &#38; Lat.piget,Ohg.fēhida enmity=Ags.faehp (“feud”),connected with root of Goth.fijan to hate; thus pisāca=fiend] 1.a demon,goblin,sprite D.I,54 (T.pesācā,v.l.pisācā,expld at DA.I,164 as “pisācā mahanta-mahantā sattā ti vadati”),93; S.I,209; A.III,69; Ud.5; J.I,235; IV,495 (yakkha p.peta); Miln.23; VvA.335; PvA.198; Sdhp.313.-- f.pisācī J.V,442.-- 2.[like pisāca-loha referring to the Paiśāca district,hailing from that tribe,cp.the term malla in same meaning and origin] a sort of acrobat,as pl.pisācā “tumblers” Miln.191. --nagara town of goblins (cp.yakkha-nagara) Vism.531.--loha [connected with the tribe of the Paiśāca’s:Mhbh VII.4819; cp.Paiśācī as one of the Prākrit dialects:Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 3] a kind of copper VbhA.63 (eight varieties).(Page 461),6,1
  10402. 367350,en,15,pisacaka,pisācaka,Pisācaka,Pisācaka,=pisāca,only in cpd.paṃsu° mud-sprite J.IV,380,496; DA.I,287; DhA.II,26.(Page 461),8,1
  10403. 367357,en,15,pisacillika,pisācillikā,Pisācillikā,Pisācillikā,(f.) [fr.pisāca] a tree-goblin Vin.I,152; II,115,134; SnA 357; cp.Vin.Texts I.318.(Page 461),11,1
  10404. 367358,en,15,pisacin,pisācin,Pisācin,Pisācin,(adj.n.) [fr.pisāca,lit.having a demon] only f.pisācinī a witch (=pisācī) Th.1,1151.(Page 461),7,1
  10405. 367365,en,15,pisana,pisana,Pisana,Pisana,(nt.) [fr.piṃsati?] grinding,powder see upa°.(Page 461),6,1
  10406. 367375,en,15,pisati,pisati,Pisati,Pisati,[=piṃsati] to grind,crush,destroy; Pass.pisīyati to perish VvA.335 (+vināseti).-- pp.pisita.(Page 461),6,1
  10407. 367380,en,15,pisila,pisīla,Pisīla,Pisīla,(nt.) [Sk.piśāla] a dial.expression for pātī or patta “bowl” M III 235 (passage quite misunderstood by Neumann in his trsln III,414).(Page 461),6,1
  10408. 367390,en,15,pisodara,pisodara,Pisodara,Pisodara,[pṛṣa,i.e.pṛṣant+udara,see pasata1] having a spotted belly KhA 107 (ed.compares pṛṣodarādi Pāṇini VI,3,109).(Page 461),8,1
  10409. 367396,en,15,pista,pista,Pista,Pista,[pp.of pisati] crushed,ground Vism.260 (=piṭṭha KhA id.p.); VbhA.243.Pisīyati Pass.of pisati (q.v.).(Page 461),5,1
  10410. 367403,en,15,pisuna,pisuṇa,Pisuṇa,Pisuṇa,(adj.) [Vedic piśuṇa,see etym.under pisāca] backbiting,calumnious,malicious M.III,33,49; J.I,297; Pug.57; PvA.15,16.Usually combd with vācā malicious speech,slander,pisuṇavācā and pisuṇāvācā D.I,4,138; III,70 sq.,171,232,269; M.I,362; III,23; adj.pisuṇāvāca &#38; M.III,22,48; S.II,167; Pug.39.-- Cp.pesuna.(Page 461),6,1
  10411. 367425,en,15,pita,pīta,Pīta,Pīta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Epic Sk.pīta,etym.unclear] yellow,goldencoloured Vin.I,217 (virecana); D.I,76 (nīla p.lohita odāta); III,268 (°kasiṇa); M.I,281 (pīta-nisita,belonging here or under pīta1?),cp.385 (below); A.III,239; IV,263,305,349; V,61; J.VI,185 (nīla p.lohita odāta mañjeṭṭhaka),449 (°alaṅkāra,°vasana °uttara,cp.503); Dhs.203 (°kasiṇa),246,247 (nīla p.lohitaka,odāta); Vism.173 (°kasiṇa).-- pīta is prominent (in the sense of golden) in the description of Vimānas or other heavenly abodes.A typical example is Vv 47 (Pītavimāna V.1 &#38; 2),where everything is characterised as pīta,viz.vattha,dhaja,alaṅkāra,candana,uppala,pāsāda,āsana,bhojana,chatta,ratha,assa,bījanī; the C.expln of pīta at this passage is “suvaṇṇa”; cp.Vv 361 (=parisuddha,hemamaya VvA.166); 784 (=suvaṇṇamaya C.304). --antara a yellow dress or mantle Vv 36 (=pītavaṇṇā uttarīyā C.166).--aruṇa yellowish red Th.2,479.--âvalepana “golden-daubed” M.I,385.(Page 462),4,1
  10412. 367426,en,15,pita,pīta,Pīta,Pīta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of pivati] 1.having drunk or (pred.) being drunk (as liquid) S.I,212 (madhu°); J.I,198; PvA.25 (with asita,khāyita &#38; sāyita as fourfold food).‹-› 2.soaked or saturated with (-°),in kasāyarasa° J.II,98 (or=pīta2?) and visapīta (of an arrow) J.V,36; Vism.303,381; which may however be read (on acct.of v.l.visappīta) as visappita “poison-applied” (see appita).Does M.I,281 pīta-nisita belong here (=visapīta)? ‹-› 3.(nt.) drink M.I,220 sq.=A.V,347 sq.; A.V,359; Th.1,503; Pv.II,710; Nett 29,80.(Page 462),4,1
  10413. 367441,en,15,pitaka,piṭaka,Piṭaka,Piṭaka,[cp.Epic Sk.piṭaka,etym.not clear.See also P.peḷā &#38; peḷikā] 1.basket Vin I 225 (ghaṭa p.ucchaṅga),240 (catudoṇika p.); Pv IV.333; Vism.28 (piṭake nikkhitta-loṇa-maccha-phāla-sadisaṃ phaṇaṃ); dhañña° a grain-basket DhA.III,370; vīhi° a rice basket DhA.III,374.Usually in combn kuddāḷa-piṭaka “hoe and basket,” wherever the act of digging is referred to,e.g.Vin.III,47; D.I,101; M.I,127; S.II,88; V,53; A.I,204; II,199; J.I,225,336; DA.I,269.-- 2.(fig.) t.t.for the 3 main divisions of the Pāli Canon “the three baskets (basket as container of tradition Winternitz,Ind.Lit.II.8; cp.peḷā 2) of oral tradition,” viz.Vinaya°,Suttanta°,Abhidhamma°; thus mentioned by name at PvA.2; referred to as “tayo piṭakā” at J.I,118; Vism.96 (pañca-nikāya-maṇḍale tīṇi piṭakāni parivatteti),384 (tiṇṇaṃ Vedānaṃ uggahaṇaṃ,tiṇṇaṃ Piṭakānaṃ uggahaṇaṃ); SnA 110,403; DhA.III,262; IV,38; cp.Divy 18,253,488.With ref.to the Vinaya mentioned at Vin.V,3.-- Piṭaka is a later collective appellation of the Scriptures; the first division of the Canon (based on oral tradition entirely) being into Sutta and Vinaya (i.e.the stock paragraphs learnt by heart,and the rules of the Order).Thus described at D.II,124; cp.the expression bhikkhu suttantika vinayadhara Vin.II,75 (earlier than tepiṭaka or piṭakadhara).Independently of this division we find the designation “Dhamma” applied to the doctrinal portions; and out of this developed the 3rd Piṭaka,the Abhidhammap.See also Dhamma C.1.-- The Canon as we have it comes very near in language and contents to the canon as established at the 3rd Council in the time of King Asoka.The latter was in Māgadhī.-- The knowledge of the 3 Piṭakas as an accomplishment of the bhikkhu is stated in the term tepīṭaka “one who is familiar with the 3 P.” (thus at Miln.18; Dāvs.V,22; KhA 41 with v.l.ti°; SnA 306 id.; DhA.III,385).tipetakī (Vin.V,3 Khemanāma t.),tipeṭaka (Miln.90),and tipiṭaka-dhara KhA 91.See also below °ttaya.In BSk.we find the term trepiṭaka in early inscriptions (1st century A.D.,see e.g.Vogel,Epigraphical discoveries at Sārnāth,Epigraphia Indica VIII,p.173,196; Bloch,J.As.Soc.Bengal 1898,274,280); the term tripiṭaka in literary documents (e.g.Divy 54),as also tripiṭa (e.g.AvŚ I.334; Divy 261,505).-- On the Piṭakas in general &#38; the origin of the P.Canon see Oldenberg,in ed.of Vin 1; and Winternitz,Gesch.d.Ind.Litt.1913,II.1 sq.; III,606,635.-- Cp.peṭaka. --ttaya the triad of the Piṭakas or holy Scriptures SnA 328.--dhara one who knows (either one or two or all three) the Piṭaka by heart,as eka°,dvi°,ti° at Vism.62,99.--sampadāya according to the P.tradition or on the ground of the authority of the P.M.I,520 (itihītiha etc.); II,169 (id.); and in exegesis of itikirā (hearsay-tradition) at A.I,189=II.191=Nd2 151.(Page 457),6,1
  10414. 367447,en,15,pitaka,pītaka,Pītaka,Pītaka,(adj.) [fr.pīta] yellow Vin.IV,159; Th.2,260; J.II,274; Pv III,13 (=suvaṇṇavaṇṇa PvA.170); Dhs.617 (nīla p.lohitaka odāta kāḷaka mañjeṭṭhaka); ThA.211.--pītakā (f.) saffron,turmeric M.I,36.(Page 462),6,1
  10415. 367487,en,15,pitar,pitar,Pitar,Pitar,[Vedic pitṛ,pitar-; cp.Gr.patήr; Lat.pater,Juppiter,Dies-piter=*zeus patήr; Goth.fadar=Ger.vater= E.father; Oir.athir etc.to onomat.syllable *pa-pa,cp.tāta &#38; mātā] father.-- Cases:sg.Nom.pitā S.I,182; Dh.43; J.V,379; SnA 423; Acc.pitaraṃ Dh.294; &#38; pituṃ Cp.II.93; Instr.pitarā J.III,37,pitunā,petyā J.V,214; Dat.Gen.pitu M.III,176; J.IV,137; VI,365,589; &#38; pituno Vin.I,17 (cp.Prk.piuṇo); Abl.pitarā J.V,214; Loc.pitari.-- pl.Nom.pitaro Sn.404; J.IV,1; PvA.38,54 (mātā°); Acc.pitaro PvA.17,pitare, &#38; pitū Th.2,433; Instr.pitarehi &#38; pitūhi; Dat.Gen.pitunnaṃ J.III,83; (mātā°); VI,389 (id.); Pv.II,84; pitūnaṃ It.110; Loc.pitusu Th.2,499; J.I,152 (mātā°); and pitūsu PvA.3 (mātā°).Further:Abl.sg.pitito by the father’s side D.I,113 (+mātito); A.III,151; J.V,214.-- A.I,62,132,138 sq.; Sn.296,579 (paralokato na pitā tāyate puttaṃ); Nd2 441 (=yo so janako); J.I,412 (=tāta); V,20; VbhA.108 (where pretty popular etym.is given with “piyāyatī ti pitā”),154 (in simile).‹-› Of Brahmā:D.I,18,cp.DA.I,112; of Inda J.V,153.There is sometimes a distinction made between the father as such and the grandfather (or ancestors in Gen.) with culla° (cūḷa°),i.e.little and mahā° i.e.grand-father,e.g.at J.I,115 (+ayyaka); PvA.107.The collective term for “parents” is mātāpitaro (pl.not dual),e.g.Sn.404; J.I,152; III,83; IV,1; PvA.107.On similes of father and son op.J.P.T.S.1907,112.In cpds.there are the 3 bases pitā,piti° &#38; pitu°.(a) pitā°:°putta father &#38; son J.I,253; pl.°puttā fathers &#38; sons,or parents &#38; children J.IV,115; VI,84.°mahā grandfather Pv.II,84; J.II,263; DA.I,281; PvA.41; °mahāyuga age of a grandfather (i.e.a generation of ancestors) D.I,113 (see det.expln DA.I,281=SnA 462); Sn.p.115; KhA 141; petti-pitā-mahā great-grandfathers,all kinds of ancestors J.II,48 (=pitu-vitā mahā C.).‹-› (b.) piti°:°kicca duty of a father J.V,153; °ghāta parricide J.IV,45 (BB pitu°); °pakkha father’s side DhA.I,4; °pitāmahā (pl.) fathers &#38; grandfathers,ancestors J.V,383; °vadha parricide DA.I,135.--(c) pitu°:°ja originating from the father J.VI,589 (+mātuja); °ghātaka parricide (+mātughātaka) Vin.I,88,136,168,320; °nāma fathers name SnA 423; °pitāmahā (pl.) ancestors (cp.piti°) A.IV,61; J.I,2; II,48.°rakkhita guarded by a father M.III,46.°santaka father’s possession J.I,2.°hadaya father’s heart J.I,61.(Page 458),5,1
  10416. 367505,en,15,pitha,pīṭha,Pīṭha,Pīṭha,(nt.) [cp.Fpic Sk.pīṭha] a seat,chair,stool,bench.-- 4.kinds are given at Vin.IV,40=168,viz.masāraka,bundikābaddha,kuḷirapādaka,āhaccapādaka (same categories as given under mañca).-- Vin.I,47,180; II,114,149,225; A.III,51 (mañca°,Dvandva); IV,133 (ayo°); Ps.I,176; Vv 11 (see discussed in detail at VvA.8); VvA.295 (mañca°).-- pāda° footstool J.IV,378; VvA.291; bhadda° state-chair,throne J.III,410. --sappin “one who crawls by means of a chair or bench,” i.e.one who walks on a sort of crutch or support,a cripple (pīṭha here in sense of “hatthena gahana-yogga” VvA.8; exlpd by Bdhgh as “chinn’iriyāpatha” Vin.Texts I.225) J.I,76,418; V,426 (khujja+) VI,4,10; Miln.205,245,276; Vism.596 ( &#38; jaccandha,in simile); DhA.I,194; II,69; PugA 227; PvA.282.(Page 461),5,1
  10417. 367514,en,15,pithaka,pīṭhaka,Pīṭhaka,Pīṭhaka,[fr.pīṭha] a chair,stool VvA.8,124.See also palāla°.(Page 461),7,1
  10418. 367521,en,15,pithara,piṭhara,Piṭhara,Piṭhara,(m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.piṭhara] a pot,a pan Miln.107 (spelt pīthara).As piṭharaka [cp.BSk.piṭharikā Divy 496; so read for T.piparikā] at KhA 54 to be read for T.pivaraka according to App.SnA 869.(Page 458),7,1
  10419. 367532,en,15,pithika,pīṭhikā,Pīṭhikā,Pīṭhikā,(f.) [fr.pīṭha] a bench,stool Vin.II,149 (“cushioned chair” Bdhgh; see Vin.Texts III,165); J.IV,349; DA.I,41; VvA.8.(Page 461),7,1
  10420. 367544,en,15,pithiyati,pithīyatī,Pithīyatī,Pithīyatī,(pithiyyati) [Pass.of pidahati,cp.api-dahati,Sk.apidhīyate] to be covered,obscured or obstructed; to close,shut M.II,104; III,184; Sn.1034,1035; Nd2 442 (BB pidhiyyati; expld by pacchijjati); Th.1,872; Dh.173; J.I,279 (akkhīni pithīyiṃsu the eyes shut); II,158 (=paticchādiyati); VI,432.The spelling of the BB manuscripts is pidhīyati (cp.Trenckner,Notes 62).(Page 459),9,1
  10421. 367557,en,15,piti,pīti,Pīti,Pīti,(f.) [cp.Class.Sk.prīti &#38; Vedic prīta pp.of prī,see pīneti &#38; piya] emotion of joy,delight,zest,exuberance.On term see Dhs.trsl.11 and Cpd.243.Classed under saṅkhārakkhandha,not vedanā°.-- D.I,37,75; III,241,265,288; M.I,37; S.II,30; IV,236; A.III,26,285 sq.; IV,411,450; V,1 sq.,135,311 sq.,333 sq.; Sn.257,687,695,969,1143 (=Bhagavantaṃ ārabbha p.pāmujjaṃ modanā pamodanā citti-odagyaṃ etc.Nd2 446); Nd1 3,491; Pug.68; Dhs.9,62,86,172,584,999; Nett 29; Vism.145 ( &#38; sukha in contrasted relation),212,287 (in detail); DA.I,53 (characterised by ānanda); DhA.I,32; Sdhp.247,461.On relation to jhāna see the latter.In series pīti passaddhi samādhi upekkhā under sambojjhaṅga (with eleven means of cultivation:see Vism.132 &#38; VbhA.282).-- Phrase pītiyā sarīraṃ pharati “to pervade or thrill the body with joy” (aor.phari),at J.I,33; V,494; DhA.II,118; IV,102; all passages refer to pīti as the fivefold pīti,pañcavaṇṇā pīti,or joy of the 5 grades (see Dhs.trsl.11,12,and Cpd.56),viz.khuddikā (slight sense of interest),khaṇikā (momentary joy),okkantikā (oscillating interest,flood of joy),ubbegā (ecstasy,thrilling emotion),and pharaṇā pīti (interest amounting to rapture,suffusing joy).Thus given at DhsA.115 &#38; Vism.143,referred to at DhsA.166.-- pīti as nirāmisa (pure) and sāmisa (material) at M.III,85; S.IV,235. --gamanīya pleasant or enjoyable to walk M.I,117.--pāmojja joy and gladness A.III,181.307 (°pāmujja); Dh.374; DhA.IV,110; KhA 82.--pharaṇatā state of being pervaded with joy,joyous rapture,ecstasy D.III,277; Ps.I,48; Vbh.334; Nett 89.--bhakkha feeding on joy (Ep.of the Ābhassara Devas) D.I,17; III,28,84,90; A.V,60; Dh.200; A.I,110; DhA.III,258; Sdhp.255.--mana joyful-hearted,exhilarated,glad of heart or mind M.I,37; III,86; S.I,181; A.III,21; V,3; Sn.766; Nd1 3; J.III,411; Vbh.227.--rasa taste or emotion of joy VvA.86.--sambojjhaṅga the joy-constituent of enlightenment M.III,86; D.III,106,226,252,282.Eleven results of such a state are enumd at DhsA.75,viz.the 6 anussatis,upam’ânussati,lūkhapuggalaparivajjanatā,siniddha-pug.-sevanatā,pasādanīyasuttanta-paccavekkhaṇatā,tadadhimuttatā (cp.Vism.132 &#38; VbhA.282).--sahagata followed or accompanied by joy,bringing joy Dhs.1578 (dhammā,various things or states); Vism.86 (samādhi).--sukha zest and happiness,intrinsic joy (cp.Cpd.56,243) S.I,203; D.III,131,222; Dhs.160; Vism.158; ThA.160.According to DhsA.166 “rapture and bliss,” cp.Expositor 222.--somanassa joy and satisfaction J.V,371; Sn.512; PvA.6,27,132.(Page 462),4,1
  10422. 367576,en,15,pitika,pitika,Pitika,Pitika,(-°) (adj.) [fr.pitā] one who has a father,having a father VvA.68 (sa° together with the f.); PvA.38 (mata° whose f.was dead):cp.dve° with 2 fathers J.V,424.(Page 459),6,1
  10423. 367580,en,15,pitika,pītika,Pītika,Pītika,(-°) (adj.) [fr.pīti] belonging to joy; only as sappītika &#38; nippītika bringing joy &#38; devoid of joy,with &#38; without exuberance (of sukha) A.III,26; IV,300,441.(Page 462),6,1
  10424. 367587,en,15,pitin,pītin,Pītin,Pītin,(adj.) [fr.pīta1) drinking,only at Dh.79 in cpd.dhamma° drinking in the Truth,expld as dhammapāyako,dhammaṃ pivanto at DhA.II,126.(Page 462),5,1
  10425. 367628,en,15,pitta,pitta,Pitta,Pitta,(nt.) [cp.Vedic pitta] 1.the bile,gall; the bile also as seat of the bilious temperament,excitement or anger.Two kinds are distinguished at KhA 60= Vism.260,viz.baddha° &#38; abaddha°,bile as organ &#38; bile as fluid.See also in detail Vism.359; VbhA.65,243.-- In enumerations of the parts or affections of the body pitta is as a rule combd with semha (cp.Vin.II,137; Kh 111; Vism.260,344; Miln.298).-- Vin.II,137; M.III,90; S.IV,230,231 (+semha); A.II,87; III,101,131; Sn.198 (+semha),434 (id.,expld as the two kinds at SnA 388); Nd1 370; J.I,146 (+semha); II,114 (pittan te kupitaṃ your bile is upset or out of order,i.e.you are in a bad mood); Miln.112 (vāta-pittasemha ...),304 (roga,+semha),382 (+semha); DhsA.190 (as blue-green); DhA.III,15 (cittaṃ n’atthi pittaṃ n’atthi has no heart and no bile,i.e.does not feel &#38; get excited; vv.ll.vitta &#38; nimitta).-- 2.[according to Morris,J.P.T.S.1893,4 for *phitta=phīta,Sk.sphīta] swelling,a gathering Vin.II,188 (Vin.Texts III,237 “a burst gall,i.e.bladder”); S.II,242.The passage is not clear,in C.on Ud.I,7 we read cittaṃ,see Morris Loc.cit.May the meaning be “muzzle”? --kosaka gall-bladder KhA 61; Vism.263; VbhA.246.(Page 459),5,1
  10426. 367643,en,15,pittha,piṭṭha,Piṭṭha,Piṭṭha,<sup>3</sup> (nt.) [cp.Vedic pṛṣṭha,expld by Grassmann as pra-<em>sthā</em>,i.e.what stands out] back,hind part; also surface,top J.I,167 (pāsāṇa° top of a rock).Usually in oblique cases as adv.,viz.Instr.piṭṭhena along,over,beside,by way of,on J.II,111 (udaka°); IV,3 (samudda°),Loc.piṭṭhe by the side of,near,at:parikhā° at a ditch PvA.201; on,on top of,on the back of (animals):ammaṇassa p.J.VI,381 (cp.piṭṭhiyaṃ); tiṇa° J.IV,444; paṅka° J.I,223; samudda° J.I,202.-- assa° on horseback D.I,103; similarly:vāraṇassa p.J.I,358; sīha° J.II,244; haṭṭhi° J.II,244; III,392.See also following.Piṭṭhi &#38; Piṭṭhī (f.) [=piṭṭha3,of which it has taken over the main function as noun.On relation piṭṭha› piṭṭhi cp.Trenckner,Notes 55; Franke,Bezzenberger’s Beiträge XX.287.Cp.also the Prk.forms piṭṭha,piṭṭhī &#38; piṣṭī,all representing Sk.prṣṭḥa:Pischel,Prk.Gram.§53] 1.the back Vin.II,200 (piṭṭhī); M.I,354; J.I,207; II,159,279.piṭṭhiṃ (paccāmittassa) passati to see the (enemy’s) back,i.e.to see the last of somebody J.I,296,488; IV,208.piṭṭhi as opposed to ura (breast) at Vin.II,105; Sn.609; as opposed to tala (palm) with ref.to hand &#38; foot:hattha (or pada-) tala &#38; °piṭṭhi:J.IV,188; Vism.361.-- Abl.piṭṭhito as adv.(from) behind,at the back of Sn.412 (+anubandhati to follow closely); VvA.256; PvA.78 (geha°).piṭṭhito karoti to leave behind,to turn one’s back on J.I,71 (cp.pṛṣṭhato-mukha Divy 333).piṭṭhito piṭṭhito right on one’s heels,very closely Vin.I,47; D.I,1,226.-- 2.top,upper side (in which meaning usually piṭṭha3),only in cpd.°pāsāṇa and Loc.piṭṭhiyaṃ as adv.on top of J.V,297 (ammaṇa°) piṭṭhi at VvA.101 is evidently faulty reading. --ācariya teacher’s understudy,pupil-teacher,tutor J.II,100; V,458,473,501.--kaṇṭaka spina dorsi,backbone M.I,58,80,89; III,92; Vism.271; VbhA.243; KhA 49 sq.; Sdhp.102.--koṭṭhaka an upper room (bath room?) DhA.II,19,20.--gata following behind,foll.One’s example Vism.47.--paṇṇasālā a leaf-hut at the back J.VI,545.--parikamma treating one’s back (by rubbing) Vin.II,106.--passe (Loc.) at the back of,behind J.I,292; PvA.55,83,106.--pāda the back of the foot,lit.foot-back,i.e.the heel Vism.251; KhA 51,(°aṭṭhika); DA.I,254.--pāsāṇa a flat stone or rock,plateau,ridge J.I,278; II,352; VI,279; DhA.II,58; VbhA.5,266.--bāha the back of the arm,i.e.elbow (cp.°pāda) KhA 49,50 (°aṭṭhi):--maṃsa the flesh of the back PvA.210; SnA 287.--maṃsika backbiting,one who talks behind a person’s back Sn.244 (=°maṃsakhādaka C.); J.II,186 (of an unfair judge); V,1; Pv III,97 (BB; T.°aka).As °maṃsiya at J.V,10.--maṃsikȧtā backbiting Nd2 39.--roga back-ache SnA 111.--vaṃsa back bone,a certain beam in a building DhA.I,52.(Page 457),6,1
  10427. 367644,en,15,pittha,piṭṭha,Piṭṭha,Piṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [identical in form with piṭṭha3] a lintel (of a door) Vin.I,47 (kavāṭa°); II,120 (°saṅghāṭa,cp.Vin.Texts III,105),148,207.(Page 457),6,1
  10428. 367645,en,15,pittha,piṭṭha,Piṭṭha,Piṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [pp.of piṃsati2.cp.Sk.piṣṭa] what is ground,grindings,crushed seeds,flour.Vin.I,201,203; IV,261,341 (tila°=piññāka); J.II,244 (māsa°).As piṭṭhi at J.I,347. --khādaniya “flour-eatables,” i.e.pastry Vin.I,248 (cp.Vin.Texts II.139).--dhītalikā a flour-doll,i.e.made of paste or a lump of flour PvA.16,19 (cp.uddāna to the 1st vagga p.67 piṭṭhi &#38; reading piṇḍa° on p.17).--piṇḍi a lump of flour Vism.500 (in comp.).--madda flour paste Vin.II,151 (expld in C.by piṭṭha-khali; cp.piṭṭhi-madda J.III,226,which would correspond to piṣṭī).--surā (intoxicating) extract or spirits of flour VvA.73.(Page 457),6,1
  10429. 367690,en,15,pitthika,piṭṭhika,Piṭṭhika,Piṭṭhika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.piṭṭhi] having a back,in dīgha° with a long back or ridge Sn.604; mudu° having a flexible back Vin.III,35.(Page 458),8,1
  10430. 367691,en,15,pitthika,piṭṭhikā,Piṭṭhikā,Piṭṭhikā,(f.)=piṭṭhi; Loc.piṭṭhikāya at the back of,behind J.I,456 (maṇḍala°).(Page 458),8,1
  10431. 367704,en,15,pitthimant,piṭṭhimant,Piṭṭhimant,Piṭṭhimant,(adj.) [fr.piṭṭhi] having a back,in f.piṭṭhimatī (senā) (an army) having troops on (horse- or,elephant-) back J.VI,396.(Page 458),10,1
  10432. 367721,en,15,pittika,pittika,Pittika,Pittika,(adj.) [fr.pitta] one who has bile or a bilious humoui,bilious Miln.298 (+semhika).(Page 459),7,1
  10433. 367725,en,15,pittivisaya,pittivisaya,Pittivisaya,Pittivisaya,[Sporadic reading for the usual petti°] the realm of the departed spirits M.I,73; J.I,51; Nd1 489.(Page 459),11,1
  10434. 367730,en,15,pittivisayika,pittivisayika,Pittivisayika,Pittivisayika,(adj.) [fr.pittivisaya] belonging to the realm of the departed Nd1 97 (gati; v.l.petti°).(Page 459),13,1
  10435. 367748,en,15,pituccha,pitucchā,Pitucchā,Pitucchā,(f.) [pitu+svasā,cp.Sk.pitṛ-ṣvasṛ] father’s sister,aunt; decl.similarly to pitā &#38; mātā DhA.I,37; Acc.sg.pitucchasaṃ [Sk.*svasaṃ instead of *svasāraṃ] J.IV,184. --dhītā aunt’s daughter,i.e.(girl) cousin DhA.I,85.--putta aunt’s son,i.e.(boy) cousin S.II,282 (Tisso Bhagavato p.); III,106 (id.); J.II,119,324.(Page 459),8,1
  10436. 367790,en,15,pivana,pivana,Pivana,Pivana,(nt.) [fr.pivati] drinking PvA.251.(Page 461),6,1
  10437. 367798,en,15,pivaraka,pivaraka,Pivaraka,Pivaraka,see piṭharaka.(Page 461),8,1
  10438. 367807,en,15,pivati,pivati,Pivati,Pivati, &#38; Pibati [Vedic pāti &#38; pibati,redupl.pres.to root Idg.*poi &#38; pī,cp.Lat.bibo (for * pibo); Gr.pίuw to drink,pόtos drink; Obulg.piti to drink,also Lat.pōtus drink,pōculum beaker (=pātra,P.patta).See also pāyeti to give drink,pāna,pānīya drink,pīta having drunk] to drink.-- pres.pivati D.I,166; III,184; J.IV,380; V,106; PvA.55.-- 1st pl.pivāma Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup>; 2nd pl.pivatha PvA.78 &#38; pivātha Pv.I,112; 3rd pl.med.piyyare J.IV,380.-- imper.piva PvA.39, &#38; pivatu Vin.IV,109.-- ppr.pivaṃ Sn.257; Dh.205, &#38; pivanto SnA 39.-- fut.pivissati J.VI,365; PvA.5,59; pissāmi J.III,432; pāssati J.IV,527.-- aor.pivi J.I,198; apivi Mhvs 6,21; pivāsiṃ Ud.42; apāyiṃha J.I,362 (or °siṃha?); apaṃsu A.I,205.-- ger.pivitvā J.I,419; III,491; VI,518; PvA.5,23; pītvā Sn.257; Dh.205; J.I,297; pītvāna J.II,71; pitvā Pv.I,118.-- grd.pātabba Vin.II,208; peyya; see kāka.°- inf.pātuṃ J.II,210; Pv.I,64.-- pp.pīta (q.v.).-- Of forms with p for v we mention the foll.:pipati M.I,32; DhsA.403 (as v.l.); imper.pipa J.I,459; ppr.pipaṃ M.I,316,317.-- Caus.pāyeti &#38; pāyāpeti (q.v.).(Page 461),6,1
  10439. 367828,en,15,piya,piya,Piya,Piya,<sup>2 </sup>[sporadic for phiya,q.v.] oar; usually so in cpd.piyâritta (nt.) oar &#38; rudder S.I,103; A.II,201; J.IV,164.(Page 460),4,1
  10440. 367829,en,15,piya,piya,Piya,Piya,<sup>1 </sup>(adj.) [Vedic priya,prī,cp.Gr.proprow/n; Goth.frijōn to love,frijonds loving=E.friend; Ger.frei,freund; Ohg.Frīa=Sk.priyā,E.Friday,etc.] dear,in two applications (as stated Nd1 133=Nd2 444,viz.dve piyā:sattā vā piyā saṅkhārā vā piyā,with ref.to living beings,to sensations):1.dear,beloved (as father,mother,husband,etc.) S.I,210 (also compar.°tara); Dh.130,157,220; Vism.296,314 sq.; often combd with manāpa (pleasing,also in 2),e.g.D.II,19; III,167; J.II,155; IV,132.-- 2.pleasant,agreeable,liked Sn.452,863:Dh.77,211; often combd (contrasted) with appiya,e.g.Sn.363,450 (see also below).nt.piyaṃ a pleasant thing,pleasantry,pleasure S.I,189; Sn.450,811; DhA.III,275.--appiya unpleasant M.I,86; Kh VIII,5.appiyatā unpleasantness J.IV,32.See also pīti &#38; pema. --âpāya separation from what is dear to one,absence of the beloved A.III,57; Dh.211.--âppiya pleasant &#38; unpleasant D.II,277 (origin of it); Dh.211.--kamya friendly disposition Vin.IV,12.--ggāhin grasping after pleasure Dh.209,cp.DhA.III,275.--cakkhu a loving eye D.III,167.--dassana lovely to behold,goodlooking D.III,167.--bhāṇin speaking pleasantly,flattering J.V,348.--manāpatā belovedness M.I,66.--rūpa pleasant form,an enticing object of sight D.I,152 (cp.DA.I,311); S.II,109 sq.; A.II,54; It.95,114; Sn.337,1086 (cp.Nd2 445); Vbh.103; Nett 27.--vacana term of endearment or esteem,used with ref.to āyasmā Nd2 130; SnA 536,etc.; or mārisa SnA 536.--vācā pleasant speech S.I,189; Sn.452.--vādin speaking pleasantly,affable D.I,60 (manāpacārin+); A.III,37; IV,265 sq.--vippayoga separation from the beloved object Sn.41 (cp.Nd2 444); PvA.161 (here with ref.to the husband); syn.with appiya-sampayoga,e.g.at Vism.504 sq.(Page 460),4,1
  10441. 367861,en,15,piyaka,piyaka,Piyaka,Piyaka,[cp.Class.Sk.priyaka] a plant going under various names,viz.Nauclea cadamba; Terminalia tomentosa; Vitex trifolia J.V,420 (=setapuppha C.); VI,269.(Page 460),6,1
  10442. 367872,en,15,piyala,piyāla,Piyāla,Piyāla,[cp.Class.Sk.priyāla] the Piyal tree,Buchanania latifolia J.V,415.-- (nt.) the fruit of this tree,used as food J.IV,344; V,324.(Page 460),6,1
  10443. 367888,en,15,piyangu,piyaṅgu,Piyaṅgu,Piyaṅgu,(f.) [cp.Vedio priyaṅgu] 1.panic seed,Panicum Italicum Vv 537; J.I,39; PvA.283.Mixed with water and made into a kind of gruel (piyaṅgûdaka) it is used as an emetic J.I,419.See also kaṅgu.-- 2.a medicinal plant,Priyangu J.V,420.(Page 460),7,1
  10444. 367938,en,15,piyatta,piyatta,Piyatta,Piyatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.piya1] belovedness,pleasantness A.V,164 sq.; Sdhp.66.(Page 460),7,1
  10445. 367956,en,15,piyayana,piyāyanā,Piyāyanā,Piyāyanā,(f.) [fr.piyāyati] love,fondness for (Loc.) S.I,210.(Page 460),8,1
  10446. 367965,en,15,piyayati,piyāyati,Piyāyati,Piyāyati,[denom.fr.piya1] to hold dear,to like,to be fond of (Acc.),to be devoted to S.I,210; J.I,156; II,246; VI,5; VbhA.108 (in etym.of pitā,q.v.); DhA.IV,125; SnA 78; VvA.349; PvA.71.-- pp.piyāyita.Note.A ppr.piyaṃ is found at SnA 169 for Sn.94 adj.piya,and is expld by pīyamāna tussamāna modamāna.(Page 460),8,1
  10447. 367973,en,15,piyayita,piyāyita,Piyāyita,Piyāyita,[pp.of piyāyati] held dear,fondled,loved,liked Sn.807; Nd1 126.(Page 460),8,1
  10448. 368024,en,15,poddava,poddava,Poddava,Poddava,see gāma°.(Page 475),7,1
  10449. 368029,en,15,pokkhara,pokkhara,Pokkhara,Pokkhara,(nt.) [cp.Vedic puṣkara,fr.pus,though a certain relation to puṣpa seems to exist,cp.Sk.puṣpapattra a kind of arrow (lit.lotus-leaf) Halāyudha 2,314,and P.pokkhara-patta] 1.a lotus plant,primarily the leaf of it,figuring in poetry and metaphor as not being able to be wetted by water Sn.392,812 (vuccati paduma-pattaṃ Nd1 135); Dh.336; It.84.-- 2.the skin of a drum (from its resemblance to the lotus-leaf) S.II,267; Miln.261 (bheri°).As Np.of an angel (Gandhabba) “Drum” at Vv 189.-- 3.a species of waterbird (crane):see cpd.°sataka. --ṭṭha standing in water (?) Vin.I,215 (vanaṭṭha+),238 (id.).--patta a lotus leaf Sn.625; Dh.401 (=paduma --patta DhA.IV,166); Miln.250.--madhu the honey sap of Costus speciosus (a lotus) J.V,39,466.--vassa “lotus-leaf rain,” a portentous shower of rain,serving as special kind of test shower in which certain objects are wetted,but those showing a disinclination towards moisture are left untouched,like a lotus-leaf J.I,88; VI,586; KhA 164; DhA.III,163.--sātaka a species of crane,Ardea Siberica J.VI,539 (koṭṭha+); SnA 359.Cp.Np.Pokkharasāti Sn.594; Sn.p.115; SnA 372.(Page 474),8,1
  10450. 368041,en,15,pokkharani,pokkharaṇī,Pokkharaṇī,Pokkharaṇī,(f.) [fr.puṣkara lotus; Vedic puṣkariṇī,BSk.has puskiriṇī,e.g.AvŚ I.76; II,201 sq.] a lotuspond,an artificial pool or small lake for water-plants (see note in Dial.II.210) Vin.I,140,268; II,123; D.II,178 sq.; S.I,123,204; II,106; V,460; A.I,35,145; III,187,238; J.II,126; V,374 (Khemī),388 (Doṇa); Pv III,33; IV,121; SnA 354 (here in meaning of a dry pit or dugout); VvA.160; PvA.23,77,152.pokkharaññā Gen.Pv.II,129; Instr.S.I,233; Loc.Vin.II,123.pokkharaṇiyāyaṃ Loc.A.III,309.-- pl.pokkharaṇiyo Vin.I,268; VvA.191; PvA.77; metric pokkharañño Vv 4411; Pv.II,119:II.78.(Page 474),10,1
  10451. 368056,en,15,pokkharata,pokkharatā,Pokkharatā,Pokkharatā,(f.) [is it fr.pokkhara lotus (cp.Sk.pauṣkara),thus “lotus-ness,” or founded on Vedic puṣpa blossom? The BSk.puṣkalatā (AvŚ II.201) is certainly a misconstruction,if it is constructed fr.the Pali] splendidness,“flower-likeness,” only in cpd.vaṇṇa-pokkharatā beauty of complexion D.I,114; Vin.I,268; S.I,95; II,279; A.I,38,86; II,203; III,90; DA.I,282; KhA 179; VvA.14; PvA.46.The BSk.passage at AvŚ II.202 reads “śobhāṃ varṇaṃ puṣkalatāṃ ca.” (Page 474),10,1
  10452. 368070,en,15,pona,poṇa,Poṇa,Poṇa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.pa+ava+<em>nam</em>,cp.ninna &#38; Vedic pravaṇa] 1.sloping down,prone,in anupubba° gradually sloping (of the ocean) Vin.II,237=A.IV,198 sq.=Ud.53.-- 2.(-°) sloping towards,going to,converging or leading to Nibbāna; besides in var.phrases,in general as tanninna tappoṇa tappabbhāra,“leading to that end.” As nibbāna° e.g.at M.I,493; S.V,38 sq.; A.III,443; cp.Vv 8442 (nekkhamma°-nibbāna-ninna VvA.348); taṃ° Ps.II,197; ṭhāne PvA.190; viveka° A.IV,224,233; V,175; samādhi° Miln.38; kiṃ° M.I,302.(Page 474),4,1
  10453. 368071,en,15,pona,poṇa,Poṇa,Poṇa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [=poṇa2?] only in cpd.danta° a tooth pick Vin.IV,90; J.IV,69; Miln.15; SnA 272.As dantapoṇaka at Dāvs.I,57.-- kūṭa-poṇa at Vism.268 read °goṇa.(Page 474),4,1
  10454. 368075,en,15,ponika,poṇika,Poṇika,Poṇika,(adj.) [fr.poṇa2] that which is prone,going prone; DA.I,23 where the passage is “tiracchāna-gata-pāṇāpoṇika-nikāyo cikkhallika-nikāyo ti,” quoted from S.III,152,where it runs thus:“tiracchāna-gata pāṇā te pi bhikkhave tiracchānagatā pāṇā citten’eva cittatā.” The passage is referred to with poṇika at KhA 12,where we read “tiracchāna-gatā pāṇā poṇika-nikāyo cikkhallika-nikāyo ti.” Thus we may take poṇikanikāya as “the kingdom of those which go prone” (i.e.the animals).(Page 474),6,1
  10455. 368083,en,15,ponkha,poṅkha,Poṅkha,Poṅkha,[increment form of puṅkha] arrow,only in redupl.(iterative) cpd.Poṅkh’ânupoṅkhaṃ (adv.) arrow after arrow,shot after shot,i.e.constantly,continuously S.V,453,454; Nd2 631 (in def.of sadā); DA.I,188; VvAh 351.The expln is problematic.(Page 474),6,1
  10456. 368097,en,15,ponobhavika,ponobhavika,Ponobhavika,Ponobhavika,(adj.) [fr.punabbhava,with preservation of the second o (puno›punaḥ) see puna] leading to rebirth M.I,48,299,464,532; S.III,26; IV,186; D.III,57; A.II,11 sq.,172; III,84,86; V,88; Nett 72; Vism.506; VbhA.110.(Page 475),11,1
  10457. 368103,en,15,ponti,ponti,Ponti,Ponti,(vv.ll.poṭhi,sonti) Th.2,422,423 is doubtful; the expln at ThA.269 is “pilotikākhaṇḍa,” thus “rags (of an ascetic),” cp.J.P.T.S.1884.See also pottha1,with which evidently identical,though misread.(Page 475),5,1
  10458. 368109,en,15,porana,porāṇa,Porāṇa,Porāṇa,(adj.) [=purāṇa,cp.Epic Sk.paurāṇa] old,ancient,former D.I,71,238; S.II,267; Sn.313; Dh.227 (cp.DhA.III,328); J.II,15 (°kāle in the past); VbhA.1 (°aṭṭhakathā),523 (id.); KhA 247 (°pāṭha); SnA 131 (id.); DhA.I,17; PvA.1 (°aṭṭhakathā),63.-- Porāṇā (pl.) the ancients,ancient authorities or writers Vism.passim esp.Note,764; KhA 123,158; SnA 291,352,604; VbhA.130,254,299,397,513.(Page 475),6,1
  10459. 368120,en,15,poranaka,porāṇaka,Porāṇaka,Porāṇaka,(adj.) [fr.porāṇa] 1.ancient,former,of old (cp.purāṇa 1) J.III,16 (°paṇḍitā); PvA.93 (id.),99 (id.); DhA.I,346 (kula-santaka).-- 2.old,worn,much used (cp.purāṇa 2) J.IV,471 (magga).(Page 475),8,1
  10460. 368138,en,15,porin,porin,Porin,Porin,(adj.) [fr.pora=Epic Sk.paura citizen,see pura.Semantically cp.urbane›urbanus›urbs; polite= poli/ths›poλis.For pop.etym.see DA.I,73 &#38; 282] belonging to a citizen,i.e.citizenlike,urbane,polite,usually in phrase porī vācā polite speech D.I,4,114; S.I,189; II,280=A.II,51; A.III,114; Pug.57; Dhs.1344; DA.I,75,282; DhsA.397.Cp.BSk.paurī vācā MVastu III,322.(Page 475),5,1
  10461. 368143,en,15,porisa,porisa,Porisa,Porisa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [abstr.fr.purisa,*pauruṣyaṃ,cp.porisiya and poroseyya] 1.business,doing of a man (or servant,cp.purisa 2),service,occupation; human doing,activity M.I,85 (rāja°); Vv 6311 (=purisa-kicca VvA.263); Pv IV.324 (uṭṭhāna°=purisa-viriya,purisa-kāra PvA.252).-- 2.height of a man M.I.74,187,365.(Page 475),6,1
  10462. 368144,en,15,porisa,porisa,Porisa,Porisa,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-n.) [abstr.fr.purisa,for *pauruṣa or *puruṣya]] 1.(adj.) human,fit for a man Sn.256 (porisa dhura),cp.porisiya &#38; poroseyya.-- 2.(m.)=purisa,esp.in sense of purisa 2,i.e.servant,used collectively (abstract formn like Ger.dienerschaft,E.service= servants) “servants” esp.in phrase dāsa-kammakaraporisa Vin.I,240; A.I,145,206; II,78; III,45,76,260; DhA.IV,1; dāsa° a servant Sn.769 (three kinds mentioned at Nd1 11,viz.bhaṭakā kammakarā upajīvino); rāja° king’s service,servant of the king D.I,135; A.IV,286,322; sata° a hundred servants Vism.121.For purisa in uttama° (=mahāpurisa) Dh.97 (cp.DhA.II,188).Cp.posa.(Page 475),6,1
  10463. 368151,en,15,porisada,porisāda,Porisāda,Porisāda,[fr.purisa+<em>ad</em> to eat] man-eater,cannibal J.V,34 sq.,471 sq.,486,488 sq.,499,510.Porisādaka =porisāda J.V,489.Cp.pursādaka J.V,91.(Page 475),8,1
  10464. 368157,en,15,porisata,porisatā,Porisatā,Porisatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.porisa],only in neg.a° inhuman or superhuman state,or:not served by any men (or servants) VvA.275.The reading is uncertain.(Page 475),8,1
  10465. 368160,en,15,porisiya,porisiya,Porisiya,Porisiya,(adj.) [fr.purisa,cp.porisa &#38; poroseyya] 1.of human nature,human J.IV,213.-- 2.Of the height of man Vin.II,138.(Page 475),8,1
  10466. 368173,en,15,porohita,porohita,Porohita,Porohita,=purohita; DhA.I,174 (v.l.BB pur°).Porohacca (nt.) [fr.purohita] the character or office of a family priest D.II,243.As porohicca at Sn.618 (=purohita-kamma SnA 466).Cp.Trenckner,Notes 75.(Page 475),8,1
  10467. 368177,en,15,poroseyya,poroseyya,Poroseyya,Poroseyya,=porisiya (cp.porisa1 1) fit for man,human M.I,366.The word is somewhat doubtful,but in all likelihood it is a derivation fr.pura (cp.porin; Sk.*paura),thus to be understood as *paurasya›*porasya ›*poraseyya›*poroseyya with assimilation.The meaning is clearly “very fine,urbane,fashionable”; thus not derived from purisa,although C.expls by “puris’ânucchavikaṃ yānaṃ” (M.I.561).The passage runs “yānaṃ poroseyyaṃ pavara-maṇi-kuṇḍalaṃ”; with vv.ll.voropeyya &#38; oropeyya.Neumann accepts oropeyya as reading &#38; translates (wrongly) “belüde”:see Mittl.Slg.21921; vol.II.pp.45 &#38; 666.The reading poroseyya seems to be established as lectio difficilior.On form see also Trenckner,Notes 75.(Page 475),9,1
  10468. 368182,en,15,posa,posa,Posa,Posa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [=*poṣya,grd.of poseti,puṣ] to be fed or nourished,only in dup° difficult to nourish S.I,61.(Page 475),4,1
  10469. 368183,en,15,posa,posa,Posa,Posa,<sup>1</sup> [contraction of purisa fr.*pūrṣa›*pussa›*possa› posa.So Geiger,P.Gr.303]=purisa,man (poetical form,only found in verse) Vin.I,230; S.I,13,205= J.III,309; A.IV,266; Sn.110,662; Dh.104,125 (cp.DhA.III,34); J.V,306; VI,246,361.-- poso at J.III,331 is Gen.sg.of puṃs=Sk.puṃsaḥ.(Page 475),4,1
  10470. 368191,en,15,posaka,posaka,Posaka,Posaka,(adj.) [fr.posa2] nourishing,feeding A.I,62,132= It.110 (āpādaka+); f.°ikā a nurse,a female attendant Vin.II,289 (āpādikā+).(Page 475),6,1
  10471. 368199,en,15,posana,posana,Posana,Posana,(nt.) [fr.puṣ] nourishing,feeding,support VvA.137.(Page 475),6,1
  10472. 368205,en,15,posapeti,posāpeti,Posāpeti,Posāpeti, &#38; Posāveti [Caus.II.fr.poseti] to have brought up,to give into the care of,to cause to be nourished Vin.I,269 (pp.posāpita) ≈ DA.I,133 (posāvita,v.l.posāp°).(Page 475),8,1
  10473. 368208,en,15,posata,posatā,Posatā,Posatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.posa2] only --°,in su° &#38; dup° easy &#38; difficult support Vin.II,2.(Page 475),6,1
  10474. 368213,en,15,posatha,posatha,Posatha,Posatha,=uposatha [cp.BSk.poṣadha Divy 116,121,and Prk.posaha (posahiya=posathika) Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 141] J.IV,329; VI,119.(Page 475),7,1
  10475. 368218,en,15,posathika,posathika,Posathika,Posathika,=uposathika J.IV,329.Cp.anuposathika &#38; anvaḍḍhamāsaṃ.(Page 475),9,1
  10476. 368227,en,15,posavanika,posāvanika,Posāvanika,Posāvanika, &#38; °ya (adj.-nt.) [fr.posāvana=posāpana of Caus.posāpeti] 1.(adj.) to be brought up,being reared,fed Vin.I,272; J.III,134,432.--°iya DhA.III,35; J.III,35; J.III,429 (&°iyaka).-- 2.(nt.) fee for bringing somebody up,allowance,money for food,sustenance J.II,289; DhA.IV,40; VvA.158 (°mūla).--°iya J.I,191.(Page 475),10,1
  10477. 368243,en,15,poseti,poseti,Poseti,Poseti,[<em>puṣ</em>] to nourish,support,look after,bring up,take care of,feed,keep Vin.I,269; S.I,181; A.I,117; J.I,134; III,467; Nd2 36; Vism.305; VvA.138,299.-- pp.posita.-- Caus.posāpeti.(Page 476),6,1
  10478. 368256,en,15,posin,posin,Posin,Posin,(-°) (adj.) [fr.poseti] thriving (on),nourished by Vin.I,6; D.I,75; S.I,138; Sn.65 (anañña° cp.Nd2 36),220 (dāra°); DA.I,219.(Page 476),5,1
  10479. 368260,en,15,posita,posita,Posita,Posita,[pp.of poseti] nourished,fed Cp.III,32; VvA.173 (udaka°).Posituṃ at Vin.II,151 stands for phusituṃ “to sprinkle,” cp.Vin.Texts III,169.See phusati2.(Page 476),6,1
  10480. 368267,en,15,pota,poṭa,Poṭa,Poṭa,[fr.<em>sphuṭ</em>] a bubble J.IV,457 (v.l.poṭha).See also phoṭa.(Page 474),4,1
  10481. 368274,en,15,pota,pota,Pota,Pota,<sup>3</sup> [etym.?] a millstone,grindstone,only as nisada° Vin.I,201; Vism.252.(Page 474),4,1
  10482. 368275,en,15,pota,pota,Pota,Pota,<sup>2</sup> [Epic Sk.pota; dial.form for plota (?),of plu] a boat Dāvs.V,58; VvA.42.(Page 474),4,1
  10483. 368276,en,15,pota,pota,Pota,Pota,<sup>1 </sup>[cp.Epic Sk.pota,see putta for etym.] the young of an animal J.II,406 (°sūkara); Cp.I.102 (udda°); SnA 125 (sīha°).(Page 474),4,1
  10484. 368284,en,15,potaka,potaka,Potaka,Potaka,(-°) [fr.pota1] 1.the young of an animal M.I,104 (kukkuṭa°); J.I,202 (supaṇṇa°),218 (hatthi°); II,288 (assa° colt); III,174 (sakuṇa°); PvA.152 (gaja°).-- f.potikā J.I,207 (haṃsa°); IV,188 (mūsika°).-- 2.a small branch,offshoot,twig; in twig; in amba° young mango sprout DhA.III,206 sq.; araṇi° small firewood Miln.53.(Page 474),6,1
  10485. 368286,en,15,potaki,poṭaki,Poṭaki,Poṭaki,(°ī?) (m.f.?) [etym.uncertain,prob.Non-Aryan] a kind of grass,in °tūla a kind of cotton,“grass-tuft,” thistle-down (?) Vin.II,150; IV,170 (id.,3 kinds of cotton,spelt potaki here).Poṭakila [etym.unknown,cp.poṭaki &#38; (lexic.) Sk.poṭagala a kind of reed; the variant is poṭagala] a kind of grass,Saccharum spontaneum Th.1,27=233; J.VI,508 (=p.°-tiṇaṃ nāma C.).(Page 474),6,1
  10486. 368298,en,15,potha,poṭha,Poṭha,Poṭha,[fr.<em>puth</em>,cp.poṭhana &#38; poṭheti] is aṅguli° snapping of one’s fingers (as sign of applause) J.V,67.Cp.poṭhana &#38; phoṭeti.(Page 474),5,1
  10487. 368305,en,15,pothana,poṭhana,Poṭhana,Poṭhana,( &#38; Pothana) (nt.) [fr.poṭheti] 1.striking,beating J.II,169 (tajjana°); V,72 (udaka°); VI,41 (kappāsa°dhanuka).At all J passages th.-- 2.(th) snapping one’s fingers J.I,394 (aṅguli°,+celukkhepa); ThA.76 (aṅguli°,for accharā-saṅghāta Th.2,67).Cp.nippothana.(Page 474),7,1
  10488. 368318,en,15,potheti,poṭheti,Poṭheti,Poṭheti,( &#38; Potheti) [fr.<em>puth</em>=<em>sphuṭ</em>] 1.to beat,strike Sn.682 (bhujāni=appoṭheti SnA 485); J.I,188,483 (th) II.394; VI,548 (=ākoṭeti); DhA.I,48; II,27 (th),67 (th); VvA.68 (th); PvA.65 (th).-- 2.to snap one’s fingers as a token of annoyance D.II,96; or of pleasure J.III,285 (aṅguliyo poṭhesi).-- pp.poṭhita.-- Caus.II.poṭhāpeti (poth°) to cause to be beaten or flogged Miln.221; DhA.I,399.-- Cp.pappoṭheti.(Page 474),7,1
  10489. 368327,en,15,pothetva,pothetvā,Pothetvā,Pothetvā,at J.II,404 (ummukkāni p.) is doubtful.The vv.ll.are yodhetvā &#38; sodhetvā (the latter a preferable reading).(Page 475),8,1
  10490. 368331,en,15,pothita,poṭhita,Poṭhita,Poṭhita,( &#38; Pothita) [pp.of poṭheti] beaten,struck Miln.240 (of cloth,see Kern,Toev.s.poṭheti); J.III,423 (mañca; v.l.BB pappoṭ°) KhA 173 (°tulapicu cotton beaten seven times,i.e.very soft; v.l.pothita,see App.p.877); DhA.I,48 (su°); PvA.174.-- Cp.paripothita.(Page 474),7,1
  10491. 368345,en,15,pothujjanika,pothujjanika,Pothujjanika,Pothujjanika,(adj.) [fr.puthujjana] belonging to ordinary man,common,ordinary,in 2 combns viz.(1) phrase hīna gamma p.anariya Vin.I,10; S.IV,330; A.V,216; (2) with ref.to iddhi Vin.II,183; J.I,360; Vism.97.‹-› Cp.Vin.Texts III,230.The BSk.forms are either pārthag-janika Lal.Vist 540,or prāthug-janika MVastu III,331.(Page 475),12,1
  10492. 368355,en,15,pottha,pottha,Pottha,Pottha,<sup>2</sup> [later Sk.pusta,etym.uncertain; loan-word?] modelling,only in cpd.°kamma plastering (i.e.using a mixture of earth,lime,cowdung &#38; water as mortar) J.VI,459; carving DhsA.334; and °kara a modeller in clay J.I,71.Cp.potthaka1.(Page 474),6,1
  10493. 368356,en,15,pottha,pottha,Pottha,Pottha,<sup>1 </sup>[?] poor,indigent,miserable J.II,432 (=potthakapilotikāya nivatthatā pottho C.; v.l.poṭha).See also *ponti,with which ultimately identical.(Page 474),6,1
  10494. 368361,en,15,potthabba,poṭṭhabba,Poṭṭhabba,Poṭṭhabba,is spurious reading for phoṭṭhabba (q.v.).(Page 474),9,1
  10495. 368368,en,15,potthaka,potthaka,Potthaka,Potthaka,<sup>1 </sup>[cp.Class.Sk.pustaka] 1.a book J.I,2 (aya° ledger); III,235,292; IV,299,487; VvA.117.-- 2.any‹-› thing made or modelled in clay (or wood etc.),in rūpa° a modelled figure J.VI,342; ThA.257; DA.I,198; Sdhp.363,383.Cp.pottha2.Potthaka2 (nt.) [etym.?] cloth made of makaci fibre Vin.I,306 (cp.Vin.Texts II.247); A.I,246 sq.; J.IV,251 (=ghana-sāṭaka C.; v.l.saṇa°); Pug.33.(Page 474),8,1
  10496. 368389,en,15,potthani,potthanī,Potthanī,Potthanī,(f.) [fr.<em>puth</em>?] a butcher’s knife J.VI,86 (maṃsakoṭṭhana°),111 (id.).(Page 475),8,1
  10497. 368395,en,15,potthanika,potthanikā,Potthanikā,Potthanikā,(f.) [fr.<em>puth</em>?] a dagger (=potthanī) Vin.II,190=DA.I,135 (so read here with v.l.for T.°iyā).(Page 475),10,1
  10498. 368434,en,15,pubba,pubba,Pubba,Pubba,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Vedic pūrva,to Idg.*per,see pari &#38; cp.Goth.fram=from; Gr.prόmos first,Goth.fruma=As.formo first,Av.pourvō,also Sk.pūrvya=Goth.frauja =Ohg.frō Lord,frouwa=Ger.frau.See also Lat.prandium,provincia] previous,former,before.The adj.never occurs in abs.forms by itself (for which see pubbaka),it is found either as --° or °- or in cases as adv.The phrase pubbam antam anissita Sn.849 is poetical for pubbantam.-- 1.(-°) having been before J.III,200; na diṭṭha° not seen before Nd1 445; mātabhūta° formerly (been) his mother PvA.79; vuttha° (gāma) formerly inhabited DhA.I,15; as adv.bhūtapubbaṃ before any beings (existed) Vin.I,342; DhA.I,102 and passim (see bhūta).-- 2.(neg.) apubba (nt.) what has not been before,something new VvA.117,287.Acc.as adv.in phrase apubbaṃ acarimaṃ not earlier,not after,i.e.simultaneously M.III,65; Pug.13 (=apure apacchā,ekappahāren’evâti attho PugA 186).‹-› 3.(cases adverbially) Instr.pubbena in °âpara gradual M.III,79; Acc.pubbaṃ see 1,2,with Abl.as prep.= before SnA 549 (=purā); Loc.pubbe in earlier times (also referring to previous births,cp.pure),in the past,before S.IV,307; Sn.831,949 (with pacchā &#38; majjhe,i.e.future &#38; present); Pv.I,31; II,22; SnA 290,385,453; PvA.4,10,39,40,100.With Abl.as prep.= before S.II,104.In compn with °nivāsa see sep.An old Acc.f.*pūrvīṃ (cp.Prk.puvviṃ Pischel,Gr.§ 103) we find in Cpd.anupubbikathā (q.v.).The compar.pubbatara (“quite early”) occurs abs.at S.IV,117 as Nom.pl.“ancestors” (cp.Gr.oi( prόteroi),as Loc.adv.at S.I,22. --aṅgin in f.°aṅgī (cāru°) at J.V,4 &#38; VI,481 read sabbaṅgin.--aṇṇa “first grain,” a name given to the 7 kinds of grain,as distinguished from aparaṇṇa,the 7 sorts of vegetables,with which it is usually combined; Vin.III,151; IV,267; Nd1 248 (where the 7 are enumd); Nd2 314; J.II,185; Miln.106; DA.I,78,270; DhA.IV,81 etc.(see aparaṇṇa).See also bīja-bīja.--aṇha the former part of the day,forenoon,morning (as contrasted with majjhaṇha &#38; sāyaṇha) D.I,109,226; A.I,294; III,344; S.I,76 (°samayaṃ); SnA 139 (id.); DhA.III,98; PvA.61,216.The spelling pubbanha M.I,528 (cp.Trenckner,Notes 80).--anta (1) the East J.I,98 (°ato aparantaṃ aparantato pubbantaṃ gacchati from E.to W.from W.to E.); V,471.-- (2) the Past (opp.aparanta the Future) D.I,12 sq.; S.II,26; Nd1 212; Dhs.1004.pubbam antaṃ for pubbantaṃ is poetical at Sn.849.--°ânudiṭṭhi theory concerning the past or the beginning of things D.I,13 (cp.DA.I,103); M.II,233; S.III,45; Dhs.1320.--aḷha(ka) (āḷhaka) at Th.2,395 is doubtful.T.reads bubbuḷaka,Mrs.Rh.D.translates “bubble of film”; ThA.259 explns by “ṭhita-jalapubbaḷha-sadisa.” --ācariya (1) an ancient teacher,a scholar of previous times A.I,132; II,70; It.110; Vism.523=VbhA.130; KhA 11,64,65.-- (2) a former teacher SnA 318.--āciṇṇa (-vasena) by way of former practice,from habit SnA 413.--âpara (1) what precedes and what follows,what comes first and what last (with ref.to the successive order of syllables and words in the text of the Scriptures) A.III,201 (°kusala); Dh.352; Nett 3 (°ânusandhi); cp.BSk.pūrvāpareṇa vyākhyānaṃ karoti “expld in due order” AvŚ II.20.-- (2) °rattaṃ “as in the former,so in the foll.night,” i.e.without ceasing,continuous Th.1,413.cp.pub baratt-âparattaṃ DhA.IV,129.--âpariya former &#38; future,first &#38; last Ud.61 (°vivesa); --ābhoga previous reflection ThA.30.--ārāma “Eastern Park,” N.of a locality east of Sāvatthi A.III,344; Sn.p.139 (cp.SnA.502).--āsava former intoxication Sn.913,cp.Nd1 331.--uṭṭhāna getting up before (someone else) either applied to a servant getting up before the master,or to a wife rising before her husband VvA.71,136.--uṭṭnāyin “getting up earlier” (with complementary Ep.pacchā-nipātin “lying down later”),see above D.I,60; III,191; A.III,37; IV,265 sq.; DA.I,168.-- abstr.°uṭṭhāyitā J.III,406 (°ādīhi pañcahi kalyāṇa dhammehi samannāgatā patidevatā)=V.88; KhA 173.--uttara (1) preceding and following KAcc.44.47.-- (2) “eastnorthern,” i.e.north-eastern J.V,38 (°kaṇṇa N.E.corner); VI,519 (id.).--kamma a former deed,a deed done in a former existence Cp.III,113.--kārin “doing before,” i.e.looking after,obliging,doing a favour A.I,87; Pug.26 (=paṭhamaṃ eva kāraka PugA 204) PvA.114.--kicca preiiminary function Vin.V,127 (cattāro pubbakiccā); cp.Cpd.53.--koṭṭhaka “Eastern Barn,” Npl.A.III,345.--(n)gama (1) going before,preceding A.III,108 (okkamane p.); M.III,71 sq.‹-› (2) “allowing to go before”; controlled or directed by,giving precedence Dh.2 (mano° dhammā=tena paṭhama-gāminā hutvā samannāgatā DhA.I,35); Nd2 318; Pug.15 (paññā° ariyamagga=paññaṃ pure-cārikaṃ katṿā PugA 194); Sdhp.547 (paññā°).Cp.BSk.pūrvaṅgama Divy 333 (“obedient” Index).--carita former life SnA 382,385.--ja born earlier,i.e.preceding in age PvA.57 (=jeṭṭhaka).--ñāti former relative PvA.24.--deva a former god,a god of old,pl.the ancient gods (viz.the Asuras) S.I,224.--devatā an ancient deity A.II,70; It.110 (v.l.°deva).--nimitta “previous sign,” a foregoing sign,prognostic,portent.forecast It.76 (the 5 signs of decay of a god); J.I,11 (the 32 signs at the conception of a Buddha,given in detail on p.51),48; Miln.298 (of prophetic dreams,cp.Cpd.p.48); VbhA.407 (in dreams); DhA.II,85.--pada the former,or antecedent,part (of a phrase) DhsA.164.--parikamma a former action SnA 284 (opp.to pacchā-parikamma).--purisa ancestor D.I,93,94.--peta a deceased spirit,a ghost (=peta) D.I,8 (°kathā,cp.DA.I,90 &#38; Dial.I.14).pubbe pete is poetical at Pv.I,41 for pubbapete.Cp.BSk.pūrvapreta AvŚ I.149 (see Index p.230); Divy 47,97.--bhāga “former part,” i.e.previous PvA.133 (°cetanā opp.apara-bhāga-cetanā.SS omit bhāga).--bhāsin speaking obligingly (cp.pubbakārin) D.I,116 (trsl.“not backward in conversation”),DA.I,287 (bhāsanto va paṭhamataraṃ bhāsati etc.).--yoga “former connection,“ i.e.connection with a former body or deed,former action (and its result) J.V,476; VI,480; Miln.2 (pubbayogo ti tesaṃ pubba-kammaṃ).Kern,Toev.s.v.remarks that it is frequent in BSk.as pūrvayoga (yoga=yuga; syn.with pūrvakalpa),e.g.Saddh.Puṇḍ.ch.VII.; MVastu II.287; III,175; and refers to Ind.Studien 16,298; J.R.A.S.1875,5.--rattâparattaṃ the past and future time,the whole time,always A.III,70; DhA.IV,129.--vāsana an impression remaining in the mind from former actions Sn.1009; ThA.31 (Ap.v.8).--videha Eastern Videha KhA 123,176; SnA 443.--sadisa an old (former) friend DhA.I,57 Pubbaka (adj.) [fr.pubba2] 1.former,ancient,living in former times D.I,104 (isayo),238 (id.); Sn.284 (id.); S.II,105; IV,307 (ācariya-pācariyā); Th.1,947.‹-› 2.(-°; cp.pubba2 1) having formerly been,previous J.I,182 (suvaṇṇakāra° bhikkhu),cp.BSk.°pūrvaka in same use at AvŚ I.259,296,322.-- 3.(-°) accompanied or preceded by ThA.74 (guṇ’âbhitthavana° udāna); PvA.122 (puññânumodana° maggācikkhana); cp.āśvāsana-pūrvaka Jtm 210.(Page 467),5,1
  10499. 368435,en,15,pubba,pubba,Pubba,Pubba,<sup>1 </sup>[Vedic pūya›*pūva›*puvva›pubba (Geiger,P.Gr.§ 461); cp.pūyati to smell rotten,Lat.pūs=E.pus,Gr.pu/qw to rot,pu/on matter; Vedic pūti smelling foul; Goth.fūls=E.foul] pus,matter,corruption M.I,57; III,90; S.I,150; II,157; A.I,34; J.II,18; Miln.382; PvA.80.-- In detail discussed (as one of the 32 ākāras) at Vism.261,360; KhA 62; VbhA.244.-- Often in combn pubba-lohita matter &#38; blood,e.g.Sn.p.125; Sn.671; J.V,71; DhA.I,319; as food of the Petas Pv.I,69; I,91 (lohita-pubba); I,118; II,26.pubba-vaṭṭi a lump of matter DhA.III,117.(Page 467),5,1
  10500. 368571,en,15,pubbapeti,pubbāpeti,Pubbāpeti,Pubbāpeti,[denom.fr.pubba2] occurs only in one phrase (gattāni pubbāpayamāno) at M.I,161 &#38; A.III,345≈402 in meaning “drying again”; at both A pass.the vv.ll.(glosses) are “sukkhāpayamāno” and “pubba-sadisāni kurumāno”; to the M.pass.cp.Trenckner’s notes on p.543,with the BB expln of the word (=pubbabhāvaṃ gamayamāno),also Neumann,Majjh.trsln I.260.The similar passage at S.I,8,10 has “gattāni sukkhāpayamāno” as T.reading and “pubbāpayamāno” as v.l.BB.(Page 468),9,1
  10501. 368608,en,15,pubbe,pubbe,Pubbe,Pubbe,(°-) [Loc.of pubba2,see pubba2 3] in cpds.:“in a former existence”:°kata (nt.) deeds done in a past life M.II,217=A.I,173 (°hetu); J.V,228 (°vādin fatalist); Nett 29 (°punnata).°nivāsa [cp.BSk.pūrve-nivāsasaṃprayuktaṃ MVastu III,224,otherwise as pūrvanivāsa Divy 619] abode in a former life,one’s former state of existence D.II,1,2; III,31 sq.,50 sq.,108 sq,230,281; M.I,278; II,21; III,12; S.I,167; A.I,164 sq.; It.100; Sn.647; Dh.423; Pug.61; Vism.411 (remembered by 6 classes of individuals); ThA.74,197.‹-› pubbe-nivās’ânussati (-ñāṇa) (knowledge of) remembrance of one’s former state of existence,one of the faculties of an Arahant (cp.A.I,164 sq.,and Cpd.64) D.III,110,220; M.I,35,182,248,278,496; Dhs.1367; Nett 28,103; Vism.433; VbhA.373 sq.,401,422; Tikp.321.-- See also under nivāsa and cp.Vism.ch.XIII,pp.410 sq.(Page 468),5,1
  10502. 368654,en,15,puccandata,puccaṇḍatā,Puccaṇḍatā,Puccaṇḍatā,(f.) [pūti+aṇḍa+tā,viâ *pūtyaṇḍatā] state of a rotten egg M.I,357.(Page 463),10,1
  10503. 368662,en,15,puccha,puccha,Puccha,Puccha,(nt.) [cp.Vedic puccha (belonging with punar to Lat.puppis) &#38; P.piccha] a tail DhsA.365 (dog’s tail).See puñcikata.(Page 463),6,1
  10504. 368669,en,15,puccha,pucchā,Pucchā,Pucchā,(f.) [cp.Class.Sk.pṛcchā=Ohg.forsca question] a question Sn.1023; SnA 46,200,230.A system of questions (“questionnaire”) is given in the Niddesa (and Commentaries),consisting of 12 groups of three questions each.In full at Nd1 339,340=Nd2 under pucchā (p.208).The first group comprises the three adiṭṭha-jotanā pucchā,diṭṭha-sa ‘sandanā p.,vimaticchedanā p.These three with addition of anumati p.and kathetu-kamyatā p.also at DA.I,68=DhsA.55.The complete list is referred to at SnA 159.--apuccha (adj.) that which is not a question,i.e.that which should not be asked Miln.316.--puccha-vissajjanā question and answer PvA.2.-- At Nett 18 p.occurs as quâsi synonym of icchā and patthanā.(Page 463),6,1
  10505. 368676,en,15,pucchaka,pucchaka,Pucchaka,Pucchaka,(adj.) [fr.<em>pṛch</em>] asking,questioning DhsA.2,3 (pañha°).(Page 463),8,1
  10506. 368687,en,15,pucchana,pucchana,Pucchana,Pucchana,(nt.) &#38; °ā (f.) [fr.<em>pṛch</em>] asking,enquiring,questioning Sn.504 (ā); PvA.121,223.(Page 463),8,1
  10507. 368701,en,15,pucchati,pucchati,Pucchati,Pucchati,[pṛcch,cp.Vedic pṛcchati=Lat.posco,postulo,with which connected also Lat.precor=Goth.fraihnan; Ohg.frāgōn; Vedic praśna=P.pañha] 1.to ask,to question S.I,207,214; Vin.II,207; Sn.995; Nd1 341 etc.-- Pres.1st sg.pucchāmi Sn.83,241,682,1043,1049; Nd2 447:Pv.II,112.-- 1st pl.pucchāma Sn.1052; Imper.puccha Sn.460; DA.I,155; pucchatha D.II,154; pucchassu Sn.189,993; Pot.puccheyyāmi D.I,51; puccheyya A.I,199; PvA.6; ppr.pucchanto Sn.1126; aor.1st sg.apucchissaṃ Sn.1116,pucchisaṃ Vv 3011,apucchiṃ VvA.127; 2nd sg.apucchasi Sn.1050; 3rd sg.apucchi Sn.1037,apucchasi Nd2 447; pucchi Sn.981,1031; PvA.6,39,68; apucchatha Sn.1017; 1st.pl.apucchimha Sn.1052.3rd pl.pucchiṃsu J.I,221; pucchisuṃ Mhvs 10,2.Fut.pucchissāmi J.VI,364.Inf.pucchituṃ Vin.I,93; Sn.510; puṭṭhuṃ Sn.1096,1110; pucchitāye J.V,137.Grd.pucchavho Sn.1030; Pass.pucchiyati DhA.I,10.-- Caus.II.pucchāpeti Mhvs 10,75.-- pp.puṭṭha &#38; pucchita (q.v.).-- 2.to invite to (Instr.),to offer,to present to somebody (Acc.),lit.to ask with Vin.II,208,210 (pāniyena); III,161 (odanena,sūpena etc.); D.II,240.-- See also anu°,abhi°,sam°.(Page 463),8,1
  10508. 368713,en,15,pucchita,pucchita,Pucchita,Pucchita,[pp.of pucchati] asked Sn.76,126,383,988,1005; Nd1 211; KhA 125 (°kathā); PvA.2,13,51.‹-› Cp.puṭṭha.(Page 463),8,1
  10509. 368721,en,15,pucchitar,pucchitar,Pucchitar,Pucchitar,[n.ag.to pucchita] one who asks,a questioner M.I,472; S.III,6 sq.; Sn.p.140.(Page 463),9,1
  10510. 368732,en,15,pucimanda,pucimanda,Pucimanda,Pucimanda,[fr.picumanda] the Nimba tree,Azadirachta Indica J.III,34; IV,205; VI,269 (°thanī,of a woman= nimba-phala-saṇṭhāna-thana-yuggalā C.).(Page 463),9,1
  10511. 368741,en,15,pudava,pudava,Pudava,Pudava,(poddava?) see gāma° (Vin.II,105 with Bdhgh note on p.315).(Page 466),6,1
  10512. 368747,en,15,puga,pūga,Pūga,Pūga,<sup>3</sup> [Class.Sk.pūga] the betel-palm,betel nut tree J.V,37 (°rukkha-ppamāṇaṃ ucchu-vanaṃ).(Page 470),4,1
  10513. 368748,en,15,puga,pūga,Pūga,Pūga,<sup>2</sup> (m.) [see preceding] corporation,guild Vin.II,109,212; IV,30,78,226,252; M.III,48; A.III,300; Ud.71; Pug.29 (=seṇi PugA 210). --āyatana guild’s property J.VI,108 (=pūga-santaka dhana C.).--gāmaṇika superintendant of a guild,guildmaster A.III,76.--majjhagata gone into a guild A.I,128=Pug.29; SnA 377.(Page 470),4,1
  10514. 368749,en,15,puga,pūga,Pūga,Pūga,<sup>1 </sup>(nt.) [etym.? cp.Vedic pūga in meaning of both pūga1 &#38; pūga2] heap,quantity; either as n.with Gen.or as adj.=many,a lot Sn.1073 (pūgaṃ vassānaṃ= bahūni vassāni Nd2 452); Pv IV.79 (pūgāni vassāni); VbhA.2 (khandhaṭṭha,piṇḍ°,pūg°).(Page 470),4,1
  10515. 368766,en,15,puggala,puggala,Puggala,Puggala,[cp.Class.Sk.pudgala,etym.connected with <em>puṃs</em>,although the fantastic expln of native Commentators refers it to puṃ “a hell” and gal; so at Vism.310:“pun ti vuccati nirayo,tasmiṃ galantī ti puggalā”] 1.an individual,as opposed to a group (saṅgha or parisā),person,man; in later philosophical (Abhidhamma) literature=character,soul (=attan).‹-› D.I,176; M.III,58; S.I,93 sq.; III,25; A.I,8,197; II,126 sq.; Sn.544,685; Dh.344; Ps.I,180 sq.; II,1 sq.,52; Pv.II,325 (cp.PvA.88); II,97; PvA.40,132.-- pl.<i>puggalā</i> people VvA.86 (=sattā),149.-- <i>para-puggala</i> another man D.I,213; S.II,121; V,265; Vism.409.--<i>purisa-puggala </i>individual man,being,person S.II,206; IV,307; A.I,173=M.II,217.Characterised as an individual in var.ways,e.g.as agga° Sdhp.92,558; abhabba° J.I,106; ariya° Vin.V,117; asura-parivāra° A.II,91; kodhagaru° A.II,46; gūtha°,puppha° madhubhāṇī° A.I,128; dakkhiṇeyya° VvA.5; diṭṭhisampanna° A.I,26 sq.; III,439 sq.; IV,136; nibbiriya kusīta° J.IV,131; pāsāṇalekh’ûpama° etc.A.I,283; valāhak’ûpama A.II,102 sq.; saddha,asaddha Ps.I,121; II,33; sivāthik’upama A.III,268; suppameyya etc.A.I,266 sq.[a]sevitabba A.IV,365; V,102,247,281; hīna majjhima paṇīta S.II,154.-- Groups of characters:(2) A.I,76,87; (3) gilān’ûpama etc.A.I,121 sq.; avuṭṭhika-sama padesa-vassin,sabbatth’âbhivassin It.64 sq.; satthar,sāvaka,sekha It.78; sekha asekha n’eva-sekha-nāsekha D.III,218; (4) D.III,232,233; S.I,93; J.IV,131; (5) Nett 191; (6) rāga-carita,dosa°,moha°,saddhā°,buddha°,vitakka° Vism.102; (7) ubhato-bhāga-vimutta,paññāvimutta etc.D.III,105; (8) A.III,212; S.V,343 (19) Nett 190; (26) Nett 189,190.-- See also paṭipuggala.‹-› 2.(in general) being,creature Miln.310 (including Petas &#38; animals). --ñū knowing individuals D.III,252,283.<i> --paññatti</i> descriptions of persons,classification of individuals D.III,105 (cp.Dial.III,101); also N.of one of the canonical books of the Abhidhamma-piṭaka.--vemattatā difference between individuals S.II,21; V,200; Sn.p.102 (=°nānatta SnA 436).(Page 463),7,1
  10516. 368793,en,15,puggalika,puggalika,Puggalika,Puggalika,(adj.) [fr.puggala] belonging to a single person,individual,separate Vin.I,250; II,270.The BSk.paudgalika at Divy 342 is used in a sense similar to the Vin passages.Divy Index gives,not quite correctly,“selfish.” (Page 463),9,1
  10517. 368803,en,15,puja,pūja,Pūja,Pūja,(adj.) [Epic Sk.pūjya,cp.pujja] to be honoured,honourable A.III,78 (v.l.; T.pūjja); J.III,83 (apūja= apūjanīya C.); pūjaṃ karoti to do homage Vism.312.‹-› See also pūjiya.Pūjanā (f.) [fr.pūjeti] veneration,worship A.II,203 sq.; Dh.106,107; Pug.19; Dhs.1121; Miln.162.(Page 471),4,1
  10518. 368809,en,15,puja,pūjā,Pūjā,Pūjā,(f.) [fr.<em>pūj</em>,see pūjeti] honour,worship,devotional attention A.I,93 (āmisa°,dhamma°); V,347 sq.; Sn.906; Dh.73,104; Pv.I,55; I,512; Dpvs VII.12 (cetiya°); SnA 350; PvA.8; Sdhp.213,230,542,551. --âraha worthy of veneration,deserving attention Dh.194; DhA.III,251.--karaṇa doing service,paying homage PvA.30.--kāra=karaṇa DhA.II,44.(Page 471),4,1
  10519. 368833,en,15,pujaneyya,pūjaneyya,Pūjaneyya,Pūjaneyya, &#38; Pūjanīya [grd.of pūjeti] to be honoured,entitled to homage S.I,175; SnA 277; --īya J.III,83; Sdhp.230,551.(Page 471),9,1
  10520. 368853,en,15,pujetar,pūjetar,Pūjetar,Pūjetar,[n.ag.fr.pūjeti] one who shows attention or care A.V,347 sq.,350 sq.(Page 471),7,1
  10521. 368858,en,15,pujeti,pūjeti,Pūjeti,Pūjeti,[pūj,occurring in Rigveda only in śācipūjana RV VIII,16,12] to honour,respect,worship,revere Sn.316 (Pot.pūjayeyya),485 (imper.pūjetha); Dh.106,195; DA.I,256; PvA.54 (aor.sakkariṃsu garukkariṃsu mānesuṃ pūjesuṃ); Sdhp.538.-- pp.pūjita (q.v.).Pūti (adj.) [cp.Sk.pūti,pūyati to fester; Gr.pu/qw,pu_on= pus; Lat.pūtidus putrid; Goth.fūls=Ger.faul,E.foul] putrid,stinking,rotten,fetid D.II,353 (khaṇḍāni pūtīni); M.I,73,89=III,92 (aṭṭhikāni pūtīni); Vin.III,236 (anto°); S.III,54; Pv.I,32; I,61 (=kuṇapagandha PvA.32); Vism.261 (=pūtika at KhA 61),645 (°pajā itthi,in simile); PvA.67; Sdhp.258.-- See also puccaṇḍatā. --kāya foul body,mass of corruption,Ep.of the human body M.II,65; S.I,131; III,120; Th.2,466; ThA.283; SnA 40; DhA.III,111.--kummāsa rotten junket Vism.343.--gandha bad smell,ill-smelling Pv.I,31 (=kuṇapa° PvA.15); J.V,72.--dadhi rancid curds Vism.362; VbhA.68; cp.pūti-takka Vism.108.--deha=°kāya S.I,236.--maccha stinking fish M.III,168 (+°kuṇapa &#38; °kummāsa); in simile at It.68=J.IV,435 =VI,236=KhA 127.--mukha having a putrid mouth SnA 458 (āsīvisa); PvA.12,14.--mutta strong-smelling urine,usually urine of cattle used as medicine by the bhikkhu Vin.I,58=96 (°bhesajja); M.I,316; It.103; VvA.5 (°harītaka).--mūla having fetid roots M.I,80.--latā “stinking creeper,” a sort of creeper or shrub (Coccolus cordifolius,otherwise gaḷoci) Sn.29=Miln.369; Vism.36,183; KhA 47 (°saṇṭhāna); DhA.III,110,111 (taruṇā galoci-latā pūtilatā ti vuccati).--lohitaka with putrid blood Pv.I,78 (=kuṇapa° PvA.37).--sandeha=°kāya Dh.148.(Page 471),6,1
  10522. 368870,en,15,pujita,pūjita,Pūjita,Pūjita,[pp.of pūjeti] honoured,revered,done a service S.I,175,178; II,119; Th.1,186; Sn.316; Ud.73 (sakkata mānita p.apacita); Pv.I,42 (=paṭimānita C.); II,810.(Page 471),6,1
  10523. 368877,en,15,pujiya,pūjiya,Pūjiya,Pūjiya,[=pūja,Sk.pūjya] worthy to be honoured Sn.527; J.V,405; Sdhp.542.(Page 471),6,1
  10524. 368886,en,15,pujja,pujja,Pujja,Pujja,(adj.) [grd.of <em>pūj</em>,cp.Sk.pūjya] to be honoured M.III,38 sq.,77 sq.; A.III,78 (v.l.); Nett 52,56 (=pūjaniya C.).Compar.pujjatara M.I,13; &#38; see pūja.(Page 463),5,1
  10525. 368897,en,15,pukkusa,pukkusa,Pukkusa,Pukkusa,[non-Aryan; cp.Epic Sk.pukkuśa,pukkaśa pulkasa.The “Paulkāsa” are mentioned as a mixed caste at Vājasaneya Saṃhitā 30,17 (cp.Zimmer,Altind.Leben 217)] N.of a (Non-Aryan) tribe,hence designation of a low social class,the members of which are said (in the Jātakas) to earn their living by means of refuseclearing.On the subject see Fick,Sociale Gliederung 206,207.-- Found in foll.enumerations:khattiyā brāhmaṇā vessā suddā caṇḍāla-pukkusā A.I,162= III,214; J.III,194 (expld by C.chava-chaḍḍaka-caṇḍālā ca puppha-chaḍḍaka-pukkusā ca); IV,303; Pv.II,612; Miln.5.Further as pukkusakula as the last one of the despised clans (caṇḍālakula,nesāda°,veṇa°,rathakāra°,p.°) at M.III,169; S.I,94; A.II,85; Vin.IV,6; Pug.51.With nesāda at PvA.176.-- Cp.M.III,169.(Page 462),7,1
  10526. 368913,en,15,pulaka,pulaka,Pulaka,Pulaka,[cp.Sk.pulāka,Halāyudha 5,43; not Sk.pulaka,as Kern,Toev.s.v.for which see also Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.pilus] shrivelled grain Miln.232 (sukka-yava° of dried barley); DhA.II,154 (SS; T.reads mūlakaṃ,which is expld by Bdhgh as “nitthusaṃ katvā ussedetvā gahita-yava-taṇḍula vuccanti” ibid).Here belongs pulasa-patta of J.III,478.(vv.ll.pulā°,mūlā°,mulā°; expld by C.as “saṇhāṇi pulasa-gaccha-paṇṇāni,” thus taking pulasa as a kind of shrub,prob.because the word was not properly understood).(Page 470),6,1
  10527. 368915,en,15,pulasa,pulasa,Pulasa,Pulasa,see pulaka.(Page 470),6,1
  10528. 368924,en,15,pulava,puḷava,Puḷava,Puḷava,[etym.? dial; cp.Class.Sk.pulaka erection of the hairs of the body,also given by lexicographers (Hemachandra 1202) in meaning “vermin”] a worm,maggot M.III,168; Sn.672; J.III,177; VI,73; Miln.331,357; Vism.179 (=kimi) DhA.III,106,411.See next.(Page 470),6,1
  10529. 368925,en,15,pulavaka,puḷavaka,Puḷavaka,Puḷavaka,(BB puḷuvaka)=puḷava DhA.IV,46; VvA.76; PvA.14.One of the (asubha) kammaṭṭhānas is called p.“the contemplation (°saññā idea) of the worminfested corpse” S.V,131; Dhs.264; Vism.110,179 (puḷu°),194 (id.; as asubha-lakkhaṇa); DhA.IV,47.See also asubha.(Page 470),8,1
  10530. 368933,en,15,pulina,pulina,Pulina,Pulina,( &#38; Puḷina) (nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.pulina,also Halāyudha 3,48] 1.a sandy bank or mound in the middle of a river J.II,366 (vālika°); III,389 (id.); V,414; Miln.297 (ḷ); Dāvs.IV,29; Vism.263 (nadī°); VvA.40 (paṇḍara°).-- 2.a grain of sand Miln.180 (l).Pulla [a contracted form of purisa (q.v.)] man,only in cpd.pullinga (=purisa-linga) membrum virile,penis J.V,143 (where expld by C.as uṇha-chārikā pl.“hot embers”; the pass.is evidently misunderstood; v.l.BB phull°).(Page 470),6,1
  10531. 368953,en,15,pum,puṃ,Puṃ,Puṃ,as a term for Purgatory (niraya):see Bdhgh’s etym.of puggala Vism.310,as quoted under puggala.(Page 462),3,1
  10532. 368964,en,15,puman,puman,Puman,Puman,(Pumā) [see<i> </i><em>puṃs</em>] a male,a man,nom sg.pumo D n.273; Cp.II.62; Instr.pumunā J.VI,550.Nom.pl.pumā D.III,85 (itthi-pumā men &#38; women; v.l.K.°purisā); J.III,459; Acc.sg.pumaṃ J.V,154 (gata,cp.purisantara-gata).-- On decl.cp.Müller,P.Gr.p.79; Greiger,P.Gr.§ 935.(Page 468),5,1
  10533. 368967,en,15,pumati,pumati,Pumati,Pumati,[onomat.*<em>pu</em> to blow,cp.Gr.fu=sa blowing,bubble,fusάw blow,Lat.pustula=pustule,Sk.*pupphusa=P.papphasa lung,phutkaroti blow,etc.,see Uhlenbeck Ai.Wtb.s.v.pupphusa] to blow,aor.pumi J.I,171; ger.pumitvā J.I,172.See J.P.T.S.1889,207 (?).(Page 468),6,1
  10534. 368973,en,15,pums,puṃs,Puṃs,Puṃs,[Vedic puṃs (weak base) and pumāṃs (strong base),often opp.to strī (woman,female); cp.putra &#38; potaka].Of the simplex no forms are found in Pāli proper.The base puṃ occurs in pukusa (?),puggala (?),pungava,pullinga; puṃs in napuṃsaka (cp.Prk.napuṃsaveya Pischel,Gram.§ 412).The role of puṃs as contrast to itthi has in Pāli been taken over by purisa,except in itthi-pumā at the old passage D.III,85.The strong base is in P.puman (q.v.).See also posa1.(Page 462),4,1
  10535. 368982,en,15,puna,puna,Puna,Puna,(indecl.) [cp.Vedic punar,punaḥ,to base *pŭ (related to *apo:see apa),as in puccha tail,Lat.puppis,poop,Gr.pu/matos the last; orig.meaning “behind”] again.There are several forms of this adv.,but puna has to be considered as the orig.Pali form.The form puno is doubtful; if authentic,a Sanskritisation; only found at ThA.71 (Ap.v.38; v.l.puna) &#38; 72 (Ap.v.41,v.l.puna).The sandhi r is preserved only in metre and in compn..That it is out of fashion even in metre is shown by a form punā where ā is the regular metrical lengthening instead of ar (J.III,437:na hi dāni punā atthi; v.l.puna).Besides this the r is apparent in the doubling of the first consonants of cpds.(punappunaṃ,punabbhava); it is quite lost in the enclitic form pana.-- We find r in punar āgami Sn.339; punar āgato J.I,403 (=puna āgato J.I,403 (=puna āgato,ra-kāro sandhivasena vutto C.); in cpds.:punar-abhiseka see J.P.T.S.1885,49; a-punar-āvattitā the fact of not turning back Miln.276 (cp.Prk.apuṇar-avatti Pischel,§ 343).Otherwise r stands on the same level as other sandhi (euphonic) consonants (like m. &#38; d.,see below),as in puna-r-eva Dh.338; Pv.II,87; II,116.We have m in puna-m-upāgamuṃ Sn.306; puna by itself is rarely found,it is usually combd with other emphatic part,like eva and api.The meaning is “again,” but in enclitic function (puna still found Sn.677,876,otherwise pana); it represents “however,but,now” (cp.same relation in Ger.abermals:aber),similar to the development in Prk.puṇo vi &#38; puṇar avi “again”:puna “now” (Pischel Gr.§ 342).-- puna by itself at SnA 597; PvA.3,45; Mhvs 14,12.doubled as punappunaṃ S.I,174; Th.1,531,532; Sn.728,1051; Dh.117,118,325,337; J.V,208; SnA 107; PvA.45,47; punappuna at DhA.II,75; as puna-d-eva at D.I,60,142; Pv.II,113 (v.l.); Vism.163; DhA.II,76; puna-m-eva Pv.II,113; puna pi once more J.I,279; PvA.67,74; puna-p-pi J.V,208.The phrase puna c’aparaṃ “and again something else” stands on the same level as the phrase aparo pi (apare pi),with which one may compare the parallel expressions puna-divase:aparadivase,all of which show the close relation between pi,puna,apara,but we never find para in these connections.Trenckner’s ( &#38; following him Oldenberg in Vin.and Hardy in A etc.) way of writing puna ca paraṃ (e.g.Miln.201,388,418 etc.) is to be corrected to puna c’aparaṃ,cp.punâpara Sn.1004; Cp III,61. --āgamana coming again,return S.I,22 (a°).--āvāsa rebirth S.I,200.--divase on the following day J.I,278; PvA.19,38.--nivattati to turn back again S.I,177.--bbhava renewed existence,new birth D.II,15; S.I,133; It.62; S.IV,201 (āyati°); Sn.162,273,502,514,733; Nd2 s.v.; Nett 28,79 sq.; PvA.63,200; cp.ponobhavika; a° no more rebirth S.I,174,208; Nd2 64; °âbhinibbatti birth in a new existence M.I,294; S.II,65; A.I,223; Vin.III,3; PvA.35.--vacana repetition SnA 487.--vāre (Loc.) another time J.V,21.(Page 466),4,1
  10536. 369027,en,15,punati,punāti,Punāti,Punāti,[cp.Vedic pavate,punāti,pū to cleanse,as in Lat.purus clean,purgo,Ohg.fowen to sift also Gr.pu_r (cp.P.pāvaka)=Ohg.fūir=E.fire,Armen.hur,lit.“cleansing,” see also puñña] 1.to clean,cleanse VvA.19 (+visodheti,in def.of puñña).-- 2.to sift J.VI,108 (aṅgāraṃ p.=attano sīse aṅgāre p.okirati C.; so read with v.l.for phunati T.); DA.I,268 (bhusaṃ pumanto viya like sifting the chaff,winnowing).Cp.puneti.(Page 467),6,1
  10537. 369040,en,15,punchana,puñchana,Puñchana,Puñchana,(adj.nt.) [fr.proñch] wiping Vin.I,297 (mukha°colaka); II,208 (upāhana°-colaka),210.Cp.puñchanī.(Page 463),8,1
  10538. 369051,en,15,punchani,puñchanī,Puñchanī,Puñchanī,(f.) [see puñchana] a cloth for wiping,a towel Vin.II,122; Th.1,560 (pāda° napkin for the feet).See Vin.Texts III,114.(Page 464),8,1
  10539. 369060,en,15,punchati,puñchati,Puñchati,Puñchati,[cp.Sk.*proñchati,but BSk.poñcchate (v.l.puñchati &#38; pocchate) Divy 491:upânahān mūlāc ca p.] to wipe off,clean Vin.II,208 (upāhanā),210; A.IV,376 (rajoharaṇaṃ suciṃ p.,asuciṃ p.etc.); J.I,392 (akkhīni); Vism.63 (gabbha-malaṃ),415=KhA 120= J.I,47 (assūni hatthehi p.); KhA 136 (paṃsukaṃ).The reading puñjati occurs at J.I,318 (akkhīni); V,182; VI,514,also as v.l.at A.IV,376 (v.l.also muñcati:cp.puñcikatā).-- Caus.II.puñchāpeti Vism.63.Cp.pari°.(Page 463),8,1
  10540. 369071,en,15,puncikata,puñcikatā,Puñcikatā,Puñcikatā,is wrong reading at Dhs.1059 in taṇhā paraphrase (pattern 1 Nd2 taṇhā) for mucchañcikatā.The readings of id.p.are puñcikatā Dhs.1136,1230; Vbh.351,361 (v.l.pucchañji°); mucchañci° at Nd1 8 (v.l.BB mucchañji°,SS suvañci°); Nd2 p.152 (v.l.BB pucchiñci°,SS pupañci°); pucchañjikatā VbhA.477.The translation of Dhs.gives “agitation” as meaning.The C.(DhsA.365) reads puñcikạtā (vv.ll.puñcaṃ vikatā; pucañcikaka; pucchakatā) and connects it with pucchaṃ cāleti (wagging of a dog’s tail,hence “agitation”); Expositor II.470 gives “fluster.” The C.on Vbh.(VbhA.477) expls as “lābhan’âlābhanaka-ṭṭhāne vedhanā kampanā nīcavuttatā,” thus “agitation.” (Page 463),9,1
  10541. 369078,en,15,pundarika,puṇḍarīka,Puṇḍarīka,Puṇḍarīka,(nt.) [Non-Aryan (?).Cp.Vedic puṇḍarīka] the white lotus D.I,75=A.III,26 (in sequence uppala,padụma,p.); D.II,4 (Sikhī puṇḍarīkassa mūle abhisambuddho); M.III,93; S.I,138,204=J.III,309; A.I,145 (uppala paduma p.); II,86 sq.(samaṇa° adj.); Sn.547; J.V,45,215 (°ttac’aṅgī=ratta-paduma-patta-vaṇṇasarīrā); Vv 4412 (=seta-kamala VvA.191); Pv.II,122; III,33 (pokkharaṇī bahu °ā); Pug.63; DA.I,219,284 (saṅkho elo uppalo puṇḍarīko ti cattāro nidhayo).N.of a hell S.I,152; Sn.p.126 (here in sq.Uppalaka,Puṇḍ°,Paduma).(Page 465),9,1
  10542. 369089,en,15,pundarikini,puṇḍarīkinī,Puṇḍarīkinī,Puṇḍarīkinī,(f.) [adj.pundarīkin,of puṇḍarīka] a pool or pond of white lotuses D.I,75≈(M.III,93; S.I,138).(Page 465),11,1
  10543. 369098,en,15,puneti,puneti,Puneti,Puneti,[Caus.fr.puna? or=punāti?] to experience (over &#38; over) again:in this meaning at It.1 sq. &#38; Nd1 202= Nd2 337 (kilese na p.na pacceti etc.); perhaps also at Th.1,533 (sattayugaṃ),although Kern,Toev.s.v.takes it=punāti and Mrs.Rh.D.translates “lifts to lustrous purity.” (Page 467),6,1
  10544. 369105,en,15,pungava,puṅgava,Puṅgava,Puṅgava,[puṃ+gava (see go),cp.Class.Sk.pungava in both meanings] a bull,lit “male-cow,” A.I,162; II,75 sq.; Sn.690; J.III,81,111; V,222,242,259,433; SnA 323.As --° in meaning “best,chief” Vism.78 (muni°); ThA.69 (Ap.V,5) (nara°).(Page 463),7,1
  10545. 369118,en,15,punja,puñja,Puñja,Puñja,(usually --°) [cp.Epic Sk.puñja] a heap,pile,mass,multitude Vin.II,211; J.I,146 (sabba-rogānaṃ).As --° in foll.cpds.:<i>aṭṭhi°</i> It.17 (+aṭṭhikandala); <i>kaṭṭha°</i> A.III,408; IV,72; J.II,327; <i>gūtha°</i> J.II,211; <i>tiṇa°</i> A.III,408; <i>palāla°</i> D.I,71; M.III,3; A.I,241; II,210; <i>maṃsa°</i> D.I,52; <i>vālika°</i> J.VI,560; <i>saṅkhāra°</i> S.I,135.<br><br> <i>--kata</i> ( &#38; °kita) for <i>puñjikata;</i> cf.Sk.puñjīkṛta,with i for a in comp<sup>n</sup> with <i>kṛ </i>&<i> bhū</i> heaped up,heaped together Vin.II,208 (puñjakita); M.I,58,89 (id.but id.p.M.III,92 puñjakajāta); A.III,324 (puñjakata; v.l.puñjakita &#38; puñjanika); J.II,408 (puñjakata,v.l.pancalikata); VI,111 (id.,v.l.puñca°).(Page 464),5,1
  10546. 369123,en,15,punjaka,puñjaka,Puñjaka,Puñjaka,=puñja M.III,92 (°jātāni aṭṭhikāni,where M.I,89 at id.p.reads puñjakitāni); Miln.342 (palāla°).(Page 464),7,1
  10547. 369130,en,15,punjat,puñjat,Puñjat,Puñjat,i is a variant of puñchati (q.v.).(Page 464),6,1
  10548. 369138,en,15,punkha,puṅkha,Puṅkha,Puṅkha,[cp.Epic Sk.puṅkha,etym.puṃ (base of puṃs)+ kha (of khan),thus “man-digging”?] the feathered part of an arrow J.II,89.Cp.poṅkha.(Page 463),6,1
  10549. 369151,en,15,punna,puñña,Puñña,Puñña,(nt.) [cp.(late) Vedic puṇya favourable,good; etym.not clear,it may be dialectical.The word is expl<sup>d</sup> by Dhammapāla as “santānaṃ punāti visodheti,” i.e.cleaning the continuation (of life) VvA.19,thus taken to pu.The expl<sup>n</sup> is of course fanciful] merit,meritorious action,virtue.Always represented as foundation and condition of heavenly rebirth &#38; a future blissful state,the enjoyment ( &#38; duration) of which depends on the amount of merit accumulated in a former existence.With ref.to this life there are esp.3 qualities contributing to merit,viz.,dāna,sīla &#38; bhāvanā or liberality,good conduct &#38; contemplation.These are the puñña-kiriya-vatthūni (see below).Another set of ten consists of these 3 and apaciti,veyyāvacca,patti-anuppadāna,abbhanumodanā,desanā,savana,diṭṭh’ujjuka-kamma.The opp.of puñña is either apuñña (D.III,119; S.I,114; II,82; A.I,154; III,412; Sdhp.54,75) or pāpa (Sn.520; Dh.39; Nett 96; PvA.5).The true Arahant is above both (Pv.II,6<sup>15</sup>).See on term also Kvu trsl.201.-- (a) Passages (selected):D.III,58,120; M.I,404; II,191,199; S.I,72; II,82; IV,190; IV,190; V,53; A.I,151,155 sq.; III,412; Sn.427 sq.,547,569,790; Dh.18,116 sq.,196,220,267,331,412; Nd<sup>1</sup> 90; Pv 1.<sup>2</sup>; I,5<sup>12</sup>; Pug.55; Vism.541 (puññānaṃ paccayo duvidhā); DhA.IV,34; PvA.6,8 30,69 sq.; Sdhp.4,19 sq.-- (b) Var.phrases &#38; characterisations:Merit is represented as great (uḷāra DA.I,110; PvA.5; anappaka Pv.I,5<sup>12</sup>) or little (paritta DA.I,110; appa S.II,229); as adj.(--°) mahā° S.I,191,opp.appa° M.II,5.puñña is defined at Nd<sup>1</sup> 90 as follows:“puññaṃ vuccati yaṃ kiñci tedhātukaṃ kusal’âbhisaṅkhāraṃ; apuññaṃ vuccati sabbaṃ akusalaṃ.“ It is defined as “dāna-sīl’--ādi-pabheda” &#38; “sucaritaṃ kusala-kammaṃ” at VvA.19; considered as leading to future happiness:Vv 1<sup>3</sup>; PvA.58; consisting mainly in dāna (dānamayaṃ p.) PvA.8,51,60,66,73,but also in vandana PvA.1.To do good= puññaṃ (puññāni) karoti D.I,137; S.IV,331; A.V,177; Pv.I,11<sup>9</sup>; or pasavati S.I,182,213; A.I,89; II,3 sq.; III,244; V,249,282; PvA.121,cp.puññaṃ pasutaṃ Pv.I,5<sup>12</sup>; VvA.289.Other phrases:°ṃ ākaṅkhati S.I,18,20; pavaḍḍhati S.I,33; corehi duharaṃ S.I,36; puññānaṃ vipāko A.IV,89; āgamo S.III,209 IV.349; opadhikaṃ S.I,233; It.78; purāṇaṃ &#38; navaṃ S.I,92; sayaṃ katāni puññāni S.I,37; puññassa dhārā S.I,100; V,400.<br><br> --atthika desirous of merit Sn.487 sq.--ânubhāva the majesty of merit PvA.58.--âbhisaṅkhāra accumulation of merit D.III,217; S.II,82; Nd<sup>1</sup> 90,206,442; Vism.557 sq.,571; VbhA.142 sq.,166,184.--âbhisanda (+kusalâbhisanda) meritorious results A.II,54 sq.; III,51,337; IV,245.--assaya seat of merit DA.I,67.--iddhi the magic power of m.PvA.117.--kata one who has done a deed of m.A.II,32.--kamma good works,righteousness,merit S.I,97,143; DA.I,10; VvA.32; PvA.54,87; Sdhp.32.--kāma (adj.) desirous of doing good works S.V,462.--kiriyā a good or meritorious action S.I,87 (°kriyā),101; PvA.54; usually as °kiriyavatthu item of m.action (of which 3 are usually enum<sup>d</sup>:see above) D.III,218; A.IV,241; It.51; Nett 50,128.--kkhandha mass of merit (only as mahā°) S.V,400; A.III,337.--kkhaya decay (or waning of the effect) of merit D.I,18 (cp.āyukkhaya &#38; DA.I,110).--kkhetta field of m.,Ep.of the Saṅgha or any holy personalities,doing good (lit.planting seeds of merit) to whom is a source of future compensation to the benefactor.Usually with adj.anuttara unsurpassed field of m.(see also saṅgha) D.III,5,227; M.I,446; III,80; S.I,167,220; V,343,363,382; A.I,244; II,34 sq.,56,113; III,158,248,279 sq.,387; IV,10 sq.,292; It.88; Sn.486; Vv 50<sup>31</sup> (cp.VvA.216); Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup> (of a bhikkhu); Vism.220; VvA.286; PvA.1 (ariyasaṅgha),5 (Moggallāna),6 (arahanto),132,140,214 and passim.Cp.BSk.puṇyakṣetra Divy 63,395 (+udāra).--paṭipadā the meritorious path,path of m.A.I,168; Nett 96.--pasavana creation of m.PvA.31.--pekkha looking for merit (i.e.reward),intent upon m.S.I,167; Sn.463 sq.,487 sq.; Dh.108 (cp.DhA.II,234).--phala the fruit (or result) of m.action S.I,217; Pug.51; DhA.II,4; PvA.8,50,52.--bala the power of m.PvA.195.--bhāga taking part in meritorious action S.I,154.--bhāgiya having share in m.M.III,72 sq.; Nett 48.--maya=puñña J.IV,232 (°iddhi); cp.BSk.puñyamaya AvŚ I.183.(Page 464),5,1
  10550. 369160,en,15,punna,puṇṇa,Puṇṇa,Puṇṇa,[pp.of <em>pṛ</em>,Vedic pṛṇāti,Pass.pūryate,*pelē to fill; cp.Sk.prāṇa &#38; pūrṇa=Av.p∂r∂na; Lith.pílnas; Lat.plēnus; Goth fulls=E.full=Ger voll] full,seldom by itself (only passage so far pannarase puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā D.I,47=Sn.p.139).nor --° (only Sn.835 muttakarīsa°),usually in cpds.,and there mostly restricted to phrases relating to the full moon. --ghaṭa a full pitcher (for feeding the bhikkhus,as offering on festive days,cp.J.P.T.S.1884) DhA.I,147; KhA 118 (v.l.suvaṇṇaghaṭa); DA.I,140 (°paṭimaṇḍita ghara).--canda the full moon J.I,149,267; V,215.--patta a full bowl (as gift,°ṃ deti to give an ample gift) J.III,535.--baddha at Miln.191 should be read as °bhadda.--bala at DA.I,110 read puñña-bala.--bhadda worshipper of Puṇṇabhadda,perhaps a Yakkha (father of the Yakkha Harikesa) Nd1 92 (Vāsuvadeva,Baladeva,P.and Maṇibhadda,cp.p.89); Miln.191 (pisācā maṇibhaddā p.).--mā the full moon (night) D.I,47 (komudiyā cātumāsiniyā puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā,cp.DA.I,140); Sn.p.139 (similar); M.III,21; J.V,215 (dve p-māyo); Vism.292 (puṇṇa-m-uposatha=puṇṇa-māuposatha),418 (Phagguṇa-puṇṇama-divase); VvA.66 (āsāḷhi p.); PvA.137 (id.); DA.I,140; DhA.III,461 (komudi).--māsa=°mā only in Loc.puṇṇamāse Vv 811 (=puṇṇa-māsiyaṃ sukka-pakkhe pannarasiyaṃ VvA.314; the similar pass.at VvA.321 reads,prob.by mistake,sukka-pakkha-pāṭiyaṃ:see pāṭī); J.V,215 (=puṇṇa candāya rattiyā C.).--māsī (f.; fr.°māsa)= mā J.I,86 (Phagguṇi p.); VvA.314; cp.BSk.pūrṇamāsī AvŚ I.182.(Page 465),5,1
  10551. 369189,en,15,punnaga,punnāga,Punnāga,Punnāga,[dial.?] a species of tree J.I,9 (°puppha); VI,530; KhA 50 (aggacchinna°-phala),53 (id.).(Page 467),7,1
  10552. 369265,en,15,punnata,puṇṇatā,Puṇṇatā,Puṇṇatā,(f.) [abstr.to puṇṇa] fulness DA.I,140 (māsa° full-moon).(Page 465),7,1
  10553. 369272,en,15,punnatta,puṇṇatta,Puṇṇatta,Puṇṇatta,(nt.) [abstr.ro puṇṇa] fulness SnA 502.(Page 465),8,1
  10554. 369284,en,15,punnavant,puññavant,Puññavant,Puññavant,(adj.) [fr.puñña] possessing merit,meritorious,virtuous Ps.II,213; Vism.382; DhA.I,340; PvA.75.(Page 464),9,1
  10555. 369307,en,15,pupa,pūpa,Pūpa,Pūpa,[cp.Epic Sk.pūpa; “a rich cake of wheaten flour” Hȧlāyudha,2,164; and BSk.pūpalikā Av.Ś II.116] a special kind of cake,baked or boiled in a bag J.V,46 (°pasibbaka cake-bag); DhA.I,319 (jāla° net-cake; v.l.pūva).See also pūva.(Page 471),4,1
  10556. 369325,en,15,puppha,puppha,Puppha,Puppha,<sup>2 </sup>(nt.) [cp.Class.Sk.puṣpa “les fleurs” in strī° the menses Am.Kośa 3,4,30,233 and Mārk.Pur.51,42.Similarly phala is used in the sense of “menstruation”:see BR s.v.phala 12] blood:see pupphaka &#38; pupphavatī.With ref.to the menses at J.V,331.(Page 467),6,1
  10557. 369326,en,15,puppha,puppha,Puppha,Puppha,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic puṣpa according to Grassmann for *puṣka fr.puṣ (?) see poseti] a flower Vin.II,123; S.I,204=J.III,308; Sn.2,5; Dh.47 sq.; 377; Vism.430; SnA 78 (paduma°); VvA.73; PvA.127; Sdhp.550.-- pupphāni (pl.) VbhA.255 (of 32 colours,in simile),292 sq.(for Cetiya-worship).-- adj.°puppha in ghana° thick with flowers DA.I,87.-- Cp.pokkharatā. --âbhikiṇṇa decked with flowers Vv 6429; Pv.II,112 --ādhāna “a ledge (on a Tope) where offerings of flowers are laid down” (Geiger,Mhvs p.355; cp.Mhvs trsl.p.2022) Mhvs 30,51,56,60; 33,22 Reading uncertain.--āveḷā flower-garland VvA.125.--āsava wine made from flowers,flower-liquor J.IV,117; KhA 26.--gandha odour of flowers Dh.54; Dhs.625.--cumbaṭaka a fl.cushion.--chaḍḍaka a remover of (dead) flowers,a rubbish-remover,a low occupation,including cleaning of privies &#38; bins etc.Vin.IV,6; Th.1,620; J.V,449 (=vacca-ṭṭhāna-sodhaka C.); Miln.331; Vism.194 (in simile).Cp.J.P.T.S.1884,89 and Miln.trsl.II.211.--cchatta a parasol with flowers DhA.I,110.--dāna offering of flowers VbhA.336.--dāma a wreath or garland of fls.J.I,397; VvA.198.--dhara bearing flowers Pv.II,124 (so read for T.°dada).--pañjara a cage (ornamented) with flowers J.V,365.--paṭa a cloth (embroidered) with flowers J.IV,283; DhA.II,45.--palāsa a fl.heap DhA.I,75.--bhāṇin “speaking flowers,” i.e.speaking the truth Pug.29.--mālā garland of fls.SnA 78.--muṭṭhi a handful of fl.Vism.432 (in simile).--rasa (wine-) juice made of fls.,flower-liquor Vin.I,246; taste of fls.Dhs.629.--rāsi a heap of fls.Dh.53.(Page 467),6,1
  10558. 369362,en,15,pupphaka,pupphaka,Pupphaka,Pupphaka,(nt.) [fr.puppha2] blood J.III,541 (v.l.pubbaka; C.=lohita); Miln.216 (tiṇa°-roga,a disease,Kern.“hay-fever”).Kern,Toev.s.v.trsls the J passage with “vuil,uitwerpsel.” (Page 467),8,1
  10559. 369413,en,15,pupphati,pupphati,Pupphati,Pupphati,[puṣp] to flower J.I,76 (aor.°iṃsu); PvA.185 (=phalati).-- pp.pupphita.(Page 467),8,1
  10560. 369425,en,15,pupphavati,pupphavatī,Pupphavatī,Pupphavatī,(f.) [fr.puppha2,but cp.Vedic puṣpavat flowering] a menstruous woman Miln.126.(Page 467),10,1
  10561. 369434,en,15,pupphin,pupphin,Pupphin,Pupphin,(adj.) [fr.puppha1 cp.Vedic puṣpin] bearing flowers; in nīlapupphī (f.) N.of a plant (“with blue flowers”) J.VI,53.(Page 467),7,1
  10562. 369438,en,15,pupphita,pupphita,Pupphita,Pupphita,[pp.of pupphati] flowering,in blossom S.I,131= Th.2,230 (su°); Vv 354; J.I,18; Miln.347; ThA.69 (Ap.v.12); DhA.I,280; II,250 (su°).(Page 467),8,1
  10563. 369453,en,15,pura,pura,Pura,Pura,(nt.) [Vedic pur.f.,later Sk.puraṃ nt. &#38; purī f.] 1.a town,fortress,city Vin.I,8=M.I,171 (Kāsinaṃ puraṃ); J.I,196,215; Sn.976,991,1012 (°uttama),1013; J.VI,276 (=nagara C); Mhvs 14,29.--avapure below the fortress M.I,68.--devapura city of the Gods S.IV,202; Vv 6430 (=Sudassana-mahā-nagara VvA.285).See also purindada.-- 2.dwelling,house or (divided) part of a house (=antepura),a meaning restricted to the Jātakas,e.g.V,65 (=nivesana C.); VI,251,492 (=antepura).Cp.thīpura lady’s room,harem,also “lady” J.V,296,and antepura.-- 3.the body [cp.Sk.pura body as given by Halāyudha 2,355,see Aufrecht p.273] Th.1,279 1150 (so read for pūra,cp.Kern,Toev.s.v. &#38; under sarīradeha).-- Cp.porin.(Page 468),4,1
  10564. 369463,en,15,pura,purā,Purā,Purā,(indecl.) [Vedic purā; to Idg.*per,cp.Goth.faúr= Ags.for=E.(be-) fore; also Lat.prae=Gr.parai/=Sk.pare] prep.c.Abl.“before” (only temporal) Vin.IV,17 (purāruṇā=purā aruṇā before dawn); Sn.849 (purā bhedā before dissolution (of the body),after which the Suttanta is named Purābhedasutta,cp.Nd1 210 sq.; expld by sarīra-bhedā pubbaṃ at SnA 549).(Page 469),4,1
  10565. 369471,en,15,pura,pūra,Pūra,Pūra,(adj.) [cp.Class.Sk.pūra; fr.pṛ,see pūreti] full; full of (with Gen.) D.I,244 (nadī); M.I,215; III,90,96; A.IV,230; Sn.195,721; Ud.90 (nadī); J.I,146; Pv IV.313 (=pānīyena puṇṇa PvA.251); Pug.45,46; PvA.29.--dup° difficult to fill J.V,425.-- pūraṃ (-°) nt.as adv.in kucchi-pūraṃ to his belly’s fill J.III,268; Vism.108 (udara-pūra-mattaṃ).(Page 471),4,1
  10566. 369482,en,15,puraka,pūraka,Pūraka,Pūraka,(adj.) [=pāra+ka] filling (-°) Vism.106 (mukha°).(Page 471),6,1
  10567. 369492,en,15,purakkharoti,purakkharoti,Purakkharoti,Purakkharoti,[fr.puraḥ,cp.Ved.puras-karoti,see pure] to put in front,to revere,follow,honour; only in foll.sporadic forms:ppr.purakkharāna holding before oneself,i.e.looking at S.III,9 sq.; aor.3rd pl.purakkharuṃ Miln.22; ger.purakkhatvā M.I,28; Sn.969; Nd1 491; J.V,45 (=purato katvā C.); PvA.21,141.‹-› purakkhata pp.(q.v.).See also purekkhāra.(Page 469),12,1
  10568. 369499,en,15,purakkhata,purakkhata,Purakkhata,Purakkhata,[pp.of purakkharoti] honoured,esteemed,preferred D.I,50; M.I,85; S.I,192,200; Sn.199,421,1015; Nd1 154; Dh.343 (=parivārita DhA.IV,49); J.II,48 (°parivārita); Pv III,71 (=payirupāsita PvA.205); DA.I,152 (=purato nisinna); ThA.170.Cp.purekkhata.(Page 469),10,1
  10569. 369507,en,15,puralasa,pūraḷāsa,Pūraḷāsa,Pūraḷāsa,[cp.Vedic puroḍāśa] sacrificial cake (brahmanic),oblation Sn.459 (=carukañ ca pūvañ ca SnA 405),467,479 (=havyasesa C.),486.(Page 471),8,1
  10570. 369514,en,15,purana,purāṇa,Purāṇa,Purāṇa,(adj.) [Venic purāṇa,fr.*per,cp.Sk.parut in former years,Gr.pέrusi=Lith.pernai,Goth.fairneis,Ohg.firni=Ger.firn (last year’s snow),forn formerly,ferro far] 1.ancient,past Sn.312,944 (=Nd1 428 atītaṃ,opp.nava=paccuppannaṃ); Dh.156 (=pubbe katāni C.); with ref.to former births or previous existences:p.kammaṃ S.II,64=Nd1 437=Nd2 680 Q.2; puññaṃ S.I,92.-- 2.old (of age),worn out,used (opp.nava recent) D.I,224 (bandhanaṃ,opp.navaṃ); Vin.II,123 (udakaṃ p.°ṃ stale water); S.II,106 (magga); Sn.1 (tacaṃ); J.II,114 (f.purāṇī,of an old bow string,applied jokingly to a former wife); IV,201 (°paṇṇa old leaf,opp.nava); V,202 (a° not old,of years); VI,45 (apurāṇaṃ adv.recently); VbhA.363 (udaka stale water).‹-› 3.former,late,old in cpds.as °dutiyikā the former wife (of a bhikkhu) Vin.I,18,96; IV,263; S.I,200; Ud.5; J.I,210; °rājorodhā former lady of the harem Vin.IV,261; °sālohita former blood-relation Sn.p.91; Ud.7; DhA.II,210.Cp.porāṇa.(Page 469),6,1
  10571. 369523,en,15,purana,pūraṇa,Pūraṇa,Pūraṇa,(adj.n.) [fr.pūreti] 1.(adj.) filling Sn.312 (? better read purāṇa with SnA 324); PvA.70 (eka-thālaka°),77 (id.).As Np.in Pūraṇa Kassapa,which however seems to be distorted from Purāṇa K.(D.I,47; Sn.p.92,cp.KhA 126,175; SnA 200,237,372).The expln (popular etym.) of the name at DA.I,142 refers it to pūreti (“kulassa ekūnaṃ dāsa-sataṃ pūrayamāno jāto” i.e.making the hundred of servants full).‹-› 2.(nt.) an expletive particle (pada° “verse-filler”),so in C.style of “a” SnA 590; “kho” ib.139; “kho pana” ib.137; “taṃ” KhA 219; “tato” SnA 378; “pi” ib.536; “su” ib.230; “ha” ib.416; “hi” ib.377.See pada°.(Page 471),6,1
  10572. 369569,en,15,puratana,purātana,Purātana,Purātana,(adj.) [fr.purā,cp.sanātana in formation] belonging to the past,former,old Nett A 194.(Page 469),8,1
  10573. 369582,en,15,puratta,pūratta,Pūratta,Pūratta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.pūra] getting or being full,fulness Vin.II,239 (opp.unattaṃ).(Page 471),7,1
  10574. 369592,en,15,purattham,puratthaṃ,Puratthaṃ,Puratthaṃ,(adv.) [for Vedic purastāt,fr.puraḥ,see *pura] 1.before S.I,141 (na pacchā na puratthaṃ=no after,no before).-- 2.east D.I,50 (°âbhimukha looking eastward.) (Page 469),9,1
  10575. 369594,en,15,puratthato,puratthato,Puratthato,Puratthato,(adv.) [fr.puratthaṃ,cp.BSk.purastataḥ MVastu II.198] in front,coram Sn.416 (sic,v.l.BB purakkhato); J.VI,242.(Page 469),10,1
  10576. 369600,en,15,puratthima,puratthima,Puratthima,Puratthima,(adj.) [fr.*pura,cp.Prk.(AMg.) puratthima,Acc.to Pischel,Gr.§ 602 a der.fr.purastāt (=P.puratthaṃ) as *purastima,like *pratyastima (=paccatthima) fr.*pratyastaṃ] eastern D.I,153; S.I,144; J.I,71 (°âbhimukha:Gotama facing E.under the Bo tree).(Page 469),10,1
  10577. 369618,en,15,pure,pure,Pure,Pure,(indecl.) [is the genuine representative (with Māgadhī e) of Vedic puraḥ,which also appears as *puro in purohita,as *pura in purakkharoti.It belongs to base Idg.*per (cp.pari),as in Cr.paρos before,earlier,prέsbus “preceding in life,” i.e.older; Ohg.first] before (both local &#38; temporal),thus either “before,in front” or “before,formerly,earlier.” In both meanings the opp.is pacchā-(a) local S.I,176 (pure hoti to lead); J.II,153 (opp.pacchima) -- (b) temporal S.I,200; Sn.289,311,541,645,773 (=atītaṃ Nd1 33; opp.pacchā); Dh.348 (opp.pacchato); J.I,50 (with Abl.pure puṇṇamāya).Often meaning “in a former life,” e.g.Vv 348,3413; Pv.I,21 (=pubbe atītajātiyaṃ PvA.10); II,32 (cp.purima); II,42; II,74 (=atītabhāve PvA.101); II,913.-- apure apacchā neither before nor after,i.e.simultaneously PugA 186 (see apubbaṃ) -- puretaraṃ (adv.) first,ahead,before any one else DhA.I,13,40.-- (c) modal,meaning “lest” DA.I,4; cp.purā in same sense Jtm.28. --cārika going before,guiding,leading,only in phrase °n katvā putting before everything else,taking as a guide or ideal J.I,176 (mettā-bhāvanaṃ); III,45 (id.),180 (khantiñ ca mettañ ca); VI,127 (Indaṃ); PugA 194 (paññaṃ).--java [cp.BSk.purojava attendant Divy 211,214,379; also Vedic puroyāva preceding] preceding,preceded by,controlled by (=pubbaṅgama) S.I,33 (sammādiṭṭhi°); Sn.1107 (dhamma-takka°,cp.Nd2 318).--jāta happening before,as logical category (°paccaya) “antecedence”; Vism.537 (elevenfold)= Tikp.17; freq.in Dukp. &#38; Tikp.(as ārammaṇa° &#38; vatthu°),cp.VbhA.403 (°ārammaṇa &#38; °vatthuka).--dvāra front door J.II,153.--bhatta the early meal,morning meal,breakfast [cp.BSk.purobhaktakā Divy 307] VvA.120; PvA.109; °ṃ in the morning VvA.51; PvA.78; °kicca duties after the morning meal DA.I,45 sq.; SnA 131 sq.--bhava “being in front,” i.e.superior DA.I,75 (in exegesis of porī).--samaṇa one who wanders ahead of someone else Vin.II,32 (opp.pacchā°).(Page 470),4,1
  10578. 369659,en,15,purekkhara,purekkhāra,Purekkhāra,Purekkhāra,[for purakkhāra,puraḥ+<em>kṛ</em>,see pure] deference,devotion,honour; usually --° (adj.) devoted to,honouring D.I,115; Vin.III,130; IV,2,277; Nd1 73,214; Dh.73 (=parivāra DhA.II,77); Vv 3414 (attha°= hitesin VvA.152); VbhA.466 (°mada); VvA.72.(Page 470),10,1
  10579. 369665,en,15,purekkharata,purekkhāratā,Purekkhāratā,Purekkhāratā,(f.) [abstr.fr.purekkhāra] deference to (-°) DhA.IV,181 (attha°).(Page 470),12,1
  10580. 369668,en,15,purekkharoti,purekkharoti,Purekkharoti,Purekkharoti,[for purakkharoti,pure=Sk.puraḥ] to honour etc.Sn.794=803; ppr.purekkharāna Sn.844,910.(Page 470),12,1
  10581. 369670,en,15,purekkhata,purekkhata,Purekkhata,Purekkhata,=purakkhata Sn.849,859,(a°); Nd1 73,214.(Page 470),10,1
  10582. 369684,en,15,pureti,pūreti,Pūreti,Pūreti,[Caus.of <em>pṛ</em>,pṛṇāti to fill,intrs.pūryate,cp.Lat.pleo; Gr.pi/m-plhmi,plήqw,polu/Q much,Goth.filu= Ger.viel; Ohg.folc=folk] 1.to fill (with=Gen.or Instr.) S.I,173; Sn.30,305; J.I,50 (pāyāsassa),347; II,112 (pret.pūrayittha); IV,272 (sagga-padaṃ pūrayiṃsu filled with deva world); DhA.II,82 (sakaṭāni ratanehi); IV,200 (pattaṃ); PvA.100 (bhaṇḍassa),145 (suvaṇṇassa).-- 2.to fulfil DhA.I,68.-- 3.(Caus.) to make fill Vism.I 37 (lakāraṃ).-- pp.puṇṇa.See also pari°.Caus.II.pūrāpeti to cause to fill S.II,259:J.I,99.(Page 471),6,1
  10583. 369703,en,15,purima,purima,Purima,Purima,(adj.) [compar.-superl.formation fr.*pura,cp.Sk.purima] preceding,former,earlier,before (opp.pacchima) D.I,179; Sn.773,791,1011; Nd1 91; J.I,110; SnA 149 (°dhura); PvA.1,26.In sequence p.majjhima pacchima; past,present,future (or first,second,last) D.I,239 sq.; DA.I,45 sq.and passim.-- purimatara =purima J.I,345 (°divase the day before). --attabhāva a former existence VvA.78; PvA.83,103,119.--jāti a previous birth PvA.45,62,79,90.(Page 469),6,1
  10584. 369716,en,15,purimaka,purimaka,Purimaka,Purimaka,(adj.) [fr.purima] previous,first Vin.II,167 (opp.pacchimaka).f.°ika Vin.I,153.(Page 469),8,1
  10585. 369751,en,15,purindada,purindada,Purindada,Purindada,[distorted fr.Vedic puraṃ-dara,pura+dṛ to break,see darī,thus “breaker of fortresses,” Ep.of Indra ( &#38; Agni).The P.Commentator (VvA.171) of course takes it popularly as “pure dānaṃ dadātī ti Purindado ti vuccati,” thus pure+dā; see also Trenckner,Notes 596; Geiger,P.Gr.§ 443] “townbreaker,” a name of Sakka (Indra) D.II,260; S.I,230; Vv 374,622; PvA.247.(Page 469),9,1
  10586. 369763,en,15,purisa,purisa,Purisa,Purisa,[according to Geiger,Gr.§ 303 the base is *pūrṣa,from which the Vedic form puruṣa,and the Prk.-P.form purisa.The further contraction *pussa *possa yielded posa (q.v.).From the Prk.form puliśa (Māgadhī) we get pulla] man (as representative of the male sex,contrasted to itthi woman,e.g.at A.III,209; IV,197; J.I,90; V,72; PvA.51).Definitions of the C.are “puriso nāma manussa-puriso na yakkho na peto etc.” (i.e.man kat) e)coxήn) Vin.IV,269 (the same expln for purisa-puggala at Vin.IV,214); “seṭṭh’aṭṭhena puri setī ti puriso ti satto vuccati” VvA.42 -- 1.man D.I,61 (p.kassaka “free man”); II,13; S.I,225; A.I,28,126; II,115; III,156; Sn.102,112,316,740,806 and passim; Dh.117,152,248; Nd1 124; PvA.3,4,165,187; VvA.13 (majjhima°,paṭhama°,as t.t.g.?).uttama° S.II,278; III,61,166; IV,380; It.97; mahā° S.V,158; A.II,35; III,223; IV,229 (see also under mahā); sappurisa (q.v.).Var.epithets of the Buddha e.g.at S.I.28 sq.-- Kāpurisa a contemptible man; kimpurisa a wild man of the woods (“whatever man”),f.kimpurisī J.V,215.--purisa as “a man,some one,somebody” as character or hero in var.similes,e.g.aṅgārakāsuyaṃ khipanaka° Vism.489; asucimhi patita Vism.465; āgantuka° VbhA.23; dubbala Vism.533; papāte patanto VbhA.23 (cannot be a help to others; similarly with patita at VbhA.170=Vism.559); bhikkhusaṅghaṃ disvā Vism.333; maṇḍapa-lagga Vism.339 sq.; lakuṇṭaka-pāda &#38; dīghapāda VbhA.26; cp.the foll.:of a man pleasing the king VbhA.442 sq.; a man wishing to perform a long journey in one day Vism.244; a man breathing when exhausted Vism.274.Frequently elsewhere.-- 2.an attendant,servant,waiter Vin.II,297; D.I,60 (dāsa+),72 (id.); J.I,385 (dāsa°); VI,462.Cp.porisa,posa. --atthika one who seeks a servant Vin.II,297.--anta= purisādhama Sn.664 (anta=Sk.antya; SnA.479 explns by antimapurisa).--antaragatā touched by a man (lit.gone in by ...),a woman who has sexual intercourse,a woman in intercourse with a man D.I,166 (cp.Dial.I.228); M.I,77; A.I,295; II,206; Vin.IV,322; Pug.55 (=he does not accept food,lest their intercourse should be broken:rati antarāyo hoti PugA 231); DA.I,79 (=itthi,as opp.to kumārikā).Cp.pumaṃ gata,J.V,154.--allu ( &#38; ālu) N.of certain monstrous beings,living in the wilderness J.V,416 (=vaḷavā-mukhayakkhinī,a y.with the face of a mare),418; VI,537 (°ālu=vaḷavā-m.-pekkhī C.).--ājañña “a noble steed of a man,” a thorough-bred or remarkable man S.III,91; A.V,325 sq.,Sn.544; Dh.193; as --ājāneyya at DhA.I,310; --ājāniya at A.I,290; II,115; IV,397 sq.; V,324.--āda a bad man (“man-eater”) a wild man,cannibal J.V,25 (cp.puruṣāda Jtm 3141); °ādaka J.V,30.--ādhama a wicked man Dh.78; J.V,268.--indriya male faculty,masculinity S.V,204; A.IV,57; Dhs.634,715,839,972; Vism.447,492.--uttama “the highest of men,” an excellent man A.V,16,325 sq.; Sn.544; Dh.78; DhA.II,188.--usabha (purisusabha) “a bull of a man,” a very strong man Vin.III,39.--kathā talk about men D.I,8.--kāra manliness D.I,53 (cp.DA.I,161); Miln.96.--thāma manly strength D.I,53; S.II,28; A.II,118; IV,190.--dammasārathi guide of men who have to be restrained,Ep.of the Buddha [cp.BSk.puruṣa-damyasārathi Divy 54 and passim] S.II,69; A.I,168,207; II,56,112,147; Sn.p.103 (=vicitrehi vinayan’ûpāyehi purisadamme sāretī ti SnA 443); It.79; Pug.57; Vism.207; ThA.178.--dosā (pl.) faults or defects in a man; eight are discussed in detail at A.IV,190 sq.; Ps.I,130; eighteen at J.VI,542,548.--dhorayha a human beast of burden S.I,29.--parakkama manly energy D.I,53; S.II,28.--puggala a man,a human character D.III,5,227 (eight); S.I,220 (8); II,69,82,206; IV,272 sq.= It.88 (8) (expld at Vism.219); A.I,32,130,173,189; II,34,56; III,36,349; IV,407 (8); V,139,183 (8),330 (8); Vin.IV,212 sq.(=male); VbhA.497; --bhava state of being a man,manhood,virility J.III,124; Dhs.634,415,839; PvA.63.--bhūmi man’s stage,as “eight stages of a prophet’s existence” (Dial.I.72) at D.I,54,in detail at DA.I,162,163.--medha man-sacrifice,human sacrifice S.I,76; A.II,42; IV,151; It.21; Sn.303.--yugāni (pl.) (4) pairs of men S.IV,272 sq.; A.I,208; II,34,56; III,36; IV,407; V,330; D.III,5,227; It.88; in verse Vv 4421; expld Vism.219 (see under yuga).--lakkhaṇa (lucky) marks on a man D.I,9.--linga (see also pullinga) a man’s characteristic,membrum virile Vin.III,35; Dhs.634,715,839; Tikp 50; Vism.184.--viriya manly vigour S.II,28.--vyañjana the membrum virile (=°linga) Vin.II,269.(Page 469),6,1
  10587. 369802,en,15,purisaka,purisaka,Purisaka,Purisaka,(n.-adj.) [fr.purisa] 1.a (little) man,only in °tiṇa doll effigy made of grass (straw),scarecrow Miln.352; Vism.462; DhsA.111.-- 2.(adj.) having a man,f.°ikā in eka° (a woman) having intercourse with only one man J.I,290.(Page 470),8,1
  10588. 369855,en,15,purisatta,purisatta,Purisatta,Purisatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.purisa] manhood,virility Dhs.634,715,839.(Page 470),9,1
  10589. 369860,en,15,purisattana,purisattana,Purisattana,Purisattana,(nt.) [=purisatta,cp.Trenckner,Notes 7037] manhood Miln.171.(Page 470),11,1
  10590. 369879,en,15,purita,pūrita,Pūrita,Pūrita,[pp.of pūreti] filled with (-°),full Pv.II,120 (=paripuṇṇa PvA.77); PvA.134.(Page 471),6,1
  10591. 369891,en,15,purohita,purohita,Purohita,Purohita,[purah+pp.of dhā,ch.Vedic purohita] 1.placed in front,i.e.foremost or at the top,in phrase devā Inda-purohitā the gods with Inda at their head J.VI,127 (=Indaṃ pure-cārikaṃ katvā C.).-- 2.the king’s headpriest (brahmanic),or domestic chaplain,acting at the same time as a sort of Prime Minister D.I,138; J.I,210; V,127 (his wife as brāhmaṇī); Pug.56 (brāhmaṇa p.); Miln.241,343 (dhamma-nagare p.); PvA.74.(Page 470),8,1
  10592. 369907,en,15,pussa°,pussa°,Pussa°,Pussa°,at Nd1 90 in cpds.°tila,°tela,dantakaṭṭha,mattikā,etc.is probably to be read with v.l.phussa°; meaning not quite clear (“natural,raw”?).(Page 470),6,1
  10593. 369909,en,15,pussaka,pussaka,Pussaka,Pussaka,at A.I,188 is to be read as phussaka (see phussa3) cuckoo.(Page 470),7,1
  10594. 369911,en,15,pussaratha,pussaratha,Pussaratha,Pussaratha,at J.VI,39 read phussa° (q.v.).(Page 470),10,1
  10595. 369919,en,15,puta,puṭa,Puṭa,Puṭa,[etym.unknown,prob.dialectical,as shown by N.of Pāṭaliputta,where putta=puṭa since unfamiliar in origin] orig.meaning “tube,” container,hollow,pocket.-- 1.a container,usually made of leaves (cp.J.IV,436; V,441; VI,236),to carry fruit or other viands,a pocket,basket:ucchu° basket for sugar J.IV,363; paṇṇa° leaf-basket PvA.168; phala° fruit basket J.IV,436=VI,236; phānita(ssa)° basket of molasses,sugar-basket S.I,175 (KS.:jar); J.IV,366; DhA.IV,232; mālā° basket for garlands or flowers DhA.III,212 (baddha made,lit.bound).In puṭa-baddha-kummāsa VvA.308 perhaps meaning “cup.” -- 2.a bag or sack,usually referring to food carried for a journey,thus “knapsack” (or directly “provisions,” taking the container for what it contains DA.I,288 puts puṭaṃsa= pātheyya),in bhatta° bag with provisions J.II,82 (with bandhati),203; III,200; DA.I,270.Also at J.IV,375 “bag” (tamba-kipillaka°).See below °aṃsa &#38; °bhatta.-- 3.a tube,hollow,in nāsā° (nāsa°) nostril J.VI,74; Vism.195,263,362; KhA 65; hattha° the hollow of the hand Miln.87; vatthi° bladder(--bag) Vism.264; sippi-puṭa oyster shell J.V,197,206.puṭaṃ karoti to form a hollow VbhA.34.-- 4.box,container,see °bheda &#38; °bhedana,in pāṭali-puṭa seed box for the P.flower.<br><br> --aṃsa “bag-shoulder” (for “shoulder-bag,” cp.aṃsapuṭa (assapuṭa) &#38; Ger.rucksack=knapsack.Rightly expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh at DA.I,288),a bag carrying provisions on journeys,hence “provision,” in phrase puṭaṃsena with provisions (v.l.at all places puṭosena) D.I,117; M.III,80; A.II,183; cp.Dialogues I.150; see also mutoḷī.--pāka something cooked in a bag (like a meal-pudding) Vism.500.--baddha kind of moccasins Vin.I,186,see Vin.Texts II.15.Spelt puṭa-bandha at Vism.251=VbhA.234.--bhatta “bag-food,” viaticum,provisions for journey J.II,423; KhA 46.--bheda the breaking of the container (i.e.seed boxes of the Sirīsa plant) VvA.344 (in vatthu where Sirīsa refers to Pāṭaliputta,cp.Vv 84<sup>52,53</sup>).--bhedana breaking of the (seed-) boxes of the Pāṭali plant,referring primarily to the N.of Pāṭali-putta,where putta represents a secondary Pālisation of Sk.°putra which again represents P.(or Non-Aryan) puṭa (see Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 238 &#38; 292).Through popular etym.a wrong conception of the expression arose,which took puṭa in the sense of “wares,provisions,merchandise” (perhaps influenced by puṭaṃsa) and,based on C.on Ud.88 (bhaṇḍakānaṃ mocara-ṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ hoti) gave rise to the (wrong) trsln Dial.II.92 “a centre for interchange of all kinds of wares.” See also Miln.trsln I.2; Buddh.Suttas XVI,-- Vin.I,229=D.II,87=Ud.88.After the example of Pāṭaliputta applied to the city of Sāgala at Miln.1 (nānā-puṭa-bhedanaṃ S° nagaraṃ).Here clearly meant for “merchandise.” -- Rh.D.in a note on puṭabhedana gives expln “a town at the confluence or bend of a river” (cp.Jaina Sūtras 2,451).Puṭaka (nt.) [fr.puṭa] a bag,pocket,knapsack or basket J.II,83 (°bhatta=provisions); DA.I,263; DhA.II,82 (v.l.piṭaka &#38; kutaka); IV,132 (pockets of a serpent’s hood).Cp.bhatta.(Page 464),4,1
  10596. 369953,en,15,puthavi,puthavī,Puthavī,Puthavī, &#38; Puthuvī (f.) [doublets of paṭhavī] the earth; as puthavi at S.I,186; J.I,14 (v.l.puthuvi); IV,233, &#38; in cpds.°nābhi the navel of the earth (of the bodhimaṇḍa,the Buddha’s seat under the holy fig tree) J.IV,232; °maṇḍala the round of the earth Sn.990.-- As puthuvī at A.II,21,and in cpd.puthuvi-agga SnA 353.(Page 465),7,1
  10597. 369963,en,15,puthu,puthu,Puthu,Puthu,(adj.) [both Vedic pṛthak &#38; pṛthu,lit.spread out,far &#38; wide,flat,of Idg.*plēt broad,Sk.prath to expand,pṛthaḥ palm of hand Av.frapah breadth,cp.Gr.platuζ broad,plάtanos plane tree,Lith.platùs broad,Lat.planta sole of foot,Ohg.flado pancake,Ags.flet ground,E.flat] <i>1</i>.(=pṛthak) separated,individual,adv.separated,individual,adv.separately,each (also given as puthag eva KAcc.29) S.I,75 (puthu attā individual self); Th.1,86; J.IV,346 (=visuṃ visuṃ C.); Miln.4.See further under cpds.-- <i>2</i>.(=pṛthu).The forms (pl.) are both <i>puthu &#38; puthū</i>,both as adj. &#38; n.; puthū more freq.found in metre.-- numerous,various,several,more,many,most D.I,185 (puthu saññaggā; opp.ekaṃ); S.I,181 (puthū),207 (id.); Sn.769 (puthū kāme=bahū Nd1 11); 1043,1044 (puthū= bahukā Nd2 449b); Th.2,344 (puthu=puthu sattā ThA.241); J.VI,205 (puthū).nt.adv.puthu &#38; puthuṃ greatly,much,in many ways Sn.580 (=aneka-ppakāraṃ SnA 460); Vv 624 (=mahantaṃ VvA.258). --gumba experienced in many crafts J.VI,448 (=aneka-sippa-ññu C.).--jja (puthu 1,but see remarks on puthujjana) common,ordinary Sn.897,911 (=puthujjanehi janita Nd1 308).--titthakara a common sectarian D.I,116 (thus to puthu 1,but DA.I,287= bahū t.) --ddisā (puthu 1) each separate quarter “all the diverse quarters” S.I,234.--pañña (adj.) of wide wisdom (p.2) A.I,130; II,67 (v.l.hāsa°).--paññatā wide wisdom A.I,45.--pāṇiya ordinary (p.1) mode of shampooing with the hand Vin.II,106 (Bdhgh on p.316 explns pudhu-pāṇikan ti hattha parikammaṃ vuccati “manual performance,” thus not identical with pāṇikā on p.151).--bhūta (p.2) widely spread S.II,107; but cp.BSk pṛṭhag bhavati to be peculiar to Divy 58,100.--mati wide understanding S.I,236.--loma “flat fin,” N of a fish “the finny carp” (Mrs.Rh.D.) Vv 4411 (=dibba-maccha VvA.191); Th.2,508 (=so-called fish ThA.292); J.IV,466.--vacana “speaking in many (bad) ways,” or “people of various speech” (so expld Nd1 397) Sn.932 (prob.better “speaking ordinary talk”=puthu 1).--sattā (pl.)=puthujjanā,common people,the masses S.I,44; Pv III,73.(Page 466),5,1
  10598. 369986,en,15,puthujjana,puthujjana,Puthujjana,Puthujjana,[*prthag-jana,thus puthu 1+jana,but from the point of Pali identical in form and meaning with puthu 2,as shown by use of puthu in similar cpds.and by C.explns.One may even say that puthu 1=pṛthak is not felt at all in the P.word.Trenckner (Notes 76) already hinted at this by saying “puthujjana,partly confounded with puthu”; a connection which also underlies its expln as “one-of-the-many-folk” at Kvu trsln 807 &#38; 2913.It is felt to belong to puthu 2 in the same sense as Ger.“die breite Masse,” or Gr.oi( polloi/.The expln at Nd1 308=328 is puthu-nānā-janā.A long and detailed etym.-speculation expln of the term is found at DA.I,59,trsld at Dhs.trsln 258.The BSk.form is pṛthagjana Divy 133 etc.) an ordinary,average person (4 classes of ordinary people are discussed at Cpd.49,50),a common worldling,a man of the people,an ordinary man M.I,1,7,135,239,323; III,64,227; S.I,148; II,94 sq.(assutạvā),151 (id.); III,46,108,162; IV,157,196,201 (assutavā),206 sq.; V,362 (opp.to sotāpanna); A.I,27,147 (maraṇa-dhammin),178,267; II,129,163; III,54; IV,68,97,157,372; Sn.351,455,706,816,859; Dh.59,272; Vv 826 (=anariya VvA.321,+anavabodha); Nd1 146,248; Ps.I,61 sq.,143,156; II,27; Dhs.1003 (cp.DhsA.248 sq.); Vism.311 (=anariya); VbhA.133 (avijj’âbhikhūta,bhava-taṇh’âbhibhūta),186 (ummat‹-› taka,opposed to upabrūhita-ñāṇa-purisa,exemplifying upādāna and kamma); DhA.I,5 (opp.ariyasāvaka),445; Sdhp.363. --kalyāṇaka (cp.BSk.pṛthagjana-kalyāṇaka Divy 419,429) an ordinary man striving after his spiritual good Nd1 477; Ps.I,176; II,190,193.--bhikkhu a bh.of the common sort DA.I,269; VbhA.383.--sukha ordinary happiness M.I,454.(Page 466),10,1
  10599. 369993,en,15,puthujjanata,puthujjanatā,Puthujjanatā,Puthujjanatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.puthujjana] common-place character S.I,187=Th.1,1217.(Page 466),12,1
  10600. 369996,en,15,puthujjanika,puthujjanika,Puthujjanika,Puthujjanika,(adj.) [fr.puthujjana] common,ordinary J.I,360 (of iddhi).(Page 466),12,1
  10601. 370004,en,15,puthuka,puthuka,Puthuka,Puthuka,[fr.puthu,cp.(late) Vedic pṛthuka “flat corn,” also “young of an animal,” with which cp.perhaps Gr.parqέnos:see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under virgo] rice in the ear DhA.I,98 (°agga as first gift of the field).(Page 466),7,1
  10602. 370014,en,15,puthula,puthula,Puthula,Puthula,(adj.) [fr.puthu] broad,large,flat J.III,16 (°sīsa flat-headed); VI,171 (°antaraṃsa flat-chested); Miln.121 (of a river); VvA.301 (°gambhīra).-- Abl.puthulato (as adv.) across DhA.I,396.(Page 466),7,1
  10603. 370034,en,15,puthuso,puthuso,Puthuso,Puthuso,(adv.) [Abl.of puthu] broadly,i.e.diversely,at variance Sn.891,892 (=puthu-diṭṭhi-gata Nd1 301).(Page 466),7,1
  10604. 370039,en,15,puthutta,puthutta,Puthutta,Puthutta,(Puthatta) (nt.) [fr.puthu,cp.Sk.*pṛthutva; not with Kern,Toev.s.v.=Sk.pṛthaktva,speciality,peculiarity] being at variance,diversity S.II,77 (opp.ekatta; v.l.SS puthatta).At A.IV,97 we have to read puth’attānaṃ for puthuttānaṃ which has nothing to do with puthutta,but is puthu+attānaṃ as borne out by v.l.puthujj’attānaṃ,and by AA:puthu nānākāraṇehi attānaṃ hanti.(Page 466),8,1
  10605. 370076,en,15,putika,pūtika,Pūtika,Pūtika,(adj.)=pūti M.I,449; S.V,51; A.I,261; J.I,164; II,275; Miln.252; DhA.I,321; III,111; VvA.76.--apūtika not rotten,fresh M.I,449; A.I,261; J.V,198; Miln.252.(Page 471),6,1
  10606. 370109,en,15,putoli,putolī,Putolī,Putolī,see muṭolī.(Page 465),6,1
  10607. 370116,en,15,putta,putta,Putta,Putta,[Vedic putra,Idg.*putlo=Lat.pullus (*putslos) young of an animal,fr.pōu,cp.Gr.pau=s,paiζ child,Lat.puer,pubes,Av.pupra,Lith.putýtis (young animal or bird),Cymr.wyr grandchild; also Sk.pota(ka) young animal and base <em>pu</em>- in pumaṃs,<em>puṃs</em> “man”] 1.a son S.I,210; Sn.35,38,60,557,858; Dh.62,84,228,345; J.IV,309; Vism.645 (simile of 3 sons); PvA.25,63,73 sq.; DA.I,157 (dāsaka°).Four kinds of sons are distinguished in the old Cy.viz.atraja p.,khettaja,dinnaka,antevāsika,or born of oneself,born on one’s land,given to one,i.e.adopted,one living with one as a pupil.Thus at Nd1 247; Nd2 448; J.I,135.Good and bad sons in regard to lineage are represented at J.VI,380.-- Metaph.“sons of the Buddha” S.I,192= Th.1,1237 (sabbe Bhagavato puttā); It.101 (me tumhe puttā orasā mukhato jātā dhammajā),J.III,211.-- The parable of a woman eating her sons is given as a punishment in the Peta condition at Pv.I,6 ( &#38; 7).‹-› pl.puttāni Pv.I,63.-- aputta-bhāvaṃ karoti to disinherit formally J.V,468.-- 2.(in general) child,descendant,sometimes pleonastic like E.°man,°son in names:see putta-dāra; so esp.in later literature,like ludda° hunter’s son=hunter J.II,154; ayya°=ayya,i.e.gentleman,lord J.V,94; PvA.66.See also rāja°.-- Of a girl Th.2,464.-- mātucchā° &#38; mātula° cousin (from mother’s side),pitucchā° id (fr.father’s side).On putta in N.Pāṭali° see puṭa.-- f.puttī see rāja°. --jīva N.of a tree:Putranjiva Roxburghii J.VI,530.--dāra child &#38; wife (i.e.wife &#38; children,family) D.III,66,189,192; S.I,92; A.II,67; Pv IV.348 (sa° together with his family); J.III,467 (kiṃ °ena what shall I do with a family?); V,478.They are hindrances to the development of spiritual life:see Nd2 under āsiṃsanti &#38; palibodha.--phala a son as fruit (of the womb) J.V,330.--maṃsa the flesh of one’s children (sons) a metaphor probably distorted fr.pūta° rotten flesh.The metaphor is often alluded to in the kasiṇa-kammaṭṭhāna,and usually coupled with the akkha-bbhañjana ( &#38; vaṇapaticchādana)--simile,e.g.Vism.32,45; DhA.I,375; SnA 58,342.Besides at S.II,98 (in full); Th.1,445 (°ūpamā); 2,221.--mata a woman whose sons (children) are dead M.I,524.(Page 465),5,1
  10608. 370132,en,15,puttaka,puttaka,Puttaka,Puttaka,[fr.putta] 1.a little son S.I,209,210.-- 2.a little child Th.2,462 (of a girl).-- 3.a young bird (=potaka) J.II,154.(Page 465),7,1
  10609. 370153,en,15,puttatta,puttatta,Puttatta,Puttatta,(nt.) [fr.putta] sonship DhA.I,89.(Page 465),8,1
  10610. 370159,en,15,puttavant,puttavant,Puttavant,Puttavant,(adj.) [fr.putta] having sons S.IV,249.Trenckner,Notes 6216 gives a f.*puttapatī for puttavatī,but without ref.(Page 465),9,1
  10611. 370166,en,15,puttha,puṭṭha,Puṭṭha,Puṭṭha,<sup>3</sup> see phuṭṭha [=Sk.spṛṣṭa,cp.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 311].Puṭṭhatta (nt.) [abstr.fr.puṭṭha1] the fact of being fed or brought up by J.II,405 (vaḍḍhakinā °ā).(Page 465),6,1
  10612. 370167,en,15,puttha,puṭṭha,Puṭṭha,Puṭṭha,<sup>2 </sup>[pp.of pucchati,Vedic pṛsṭa] asked S.II,36; Sn.84,122,510 sq.,1036; DhA.IV,132; PvA.10 (after Acc.) 68,72 with samāno A.I,197.See also pucchita.(Page 465),6,1
  10613. 370168,en,15,puttha,puṭṭha,Puṭṭha,Puṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of <em>puṣ</em> (see poseti),Vedic puṣṭa] nourished,fed,strengthened,brought up Sn.831; J.III,467.(Page 465),6,1
  10614. 370176,en,15,putthavant,puṭṭhavant,Puṭṭhavant,Puṭṭhavant,[fr.puṭṭha3,cp.same form in Prk.AMg.puṭṭhavaṃ=Sk.spṛṣṭavān:Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 569] one who has touched or come in direct contact with ThA.284.(Page 465),10,1
  10615. 370189,en,15,puttimant,puttimant,Puttimant,Puttimant,(adj.) [fr.*puttamant] having sons S.I,6; Sn.33.Puttiya (-°) in Sakya° is compound Sakyaputta+iya “belonging to the son of the Sakyas” (i.e.to the Sakya prince) PvA.43.-- asakyaputtiya dhamma Vin.II,297.(Page 465),9,1
  10616. 370204,en,15,puva,pūva,Pūva,Pūva,[cp.Sk.pūpa; with v for p] a cake,baked in a pan (kapalla) A.III,76; J.I,345 (kapalla° pan-cake),347; III,10 (pakka°); Vv 136; 296 (=kapalla-pūva VvA.123); Pv IV.313 (=khajjaka PvA.251); Vism.108 (jāla° net-cake,cp.jāla-pūpa),359 (pūvaṃ vyāpetvā,in comp.); VbhA.65,255 (simile of woman going to bake a cake); KhA 56; DA.I,142; VvA.67,73 (°surā,one of the 5 kinds of intoxication liquors,see surā); PvA.244.See also Vin.Texts I.39 (sweetmeats,sent as presents).(Page 471),4,1
  10617. 370223,en,15,puvika,pūvika,Pūvika,Pūvika,[fr.pūva] a cake-seller,confectioner Miln.331.(Page 471),6,1
  10618. 370283,en,15,rabhasa,rabhasa,Rabhasa,Rabhasa,[<em>rabh</em><i>=</i><em>labh</em>,which see for etym.Cp.also Lat rabies.-- Dhtp 205 expl<sup>s</sup> <em>rabh</em> (correctly) by ārambha &#38; Dhtm 301 by rābhassa] wild,terrible,violent D.I,91,expl<sup>d</sup> by “bahu-bhāṇin” at DA.I,256.There are several vv.ll.at this passage.(Page 565),7,1
  10619. 370302,en,15,racana,racanā,Racanā,Racanā,(f.) [fr.<em>rac</em>] 1.arrangement (of flowers in a garland) VvA.354.-- 2.composition (of a book) Sdhp.619.(Page 561),6,1
  10620. 370341,en,15,raccha,racchā,Racchā,Racchā,(f.) [Sk.rathyā.This the contracted form.The diaeretic forms are <i>rathiyā </i>&<i> rathikā</i> (q.v.)] a carriage road Vin.II,194; III,151; IV,271 (=rathiyā); V,205 (raccha-gata); J.I,425; V,335; VI,276 (in its relation to vīthi); Dāvs.V,48; PvA.24 (koṇa°).(Page 561),6,1
  10621. 370368,en,15,racita,racita,Racita,Racita,[pp.of racati] 1.arranged J.V,157 (su° in C.for samocita; v.l.sucarita).-- 2.strung (of flowers) Mhvs 34,54.-- Cp.vi°.(Page 561),6,1
  10622. 370392,en,15,rada,rada,Rada,Rada,at ThA.257 in cpd.“sannivesa-visiṭṭha-rada-visesayutta” is not quite clear (“splitting”?).(Page 565),4,1
  10623. 370402,en,15,radati,radati,Radati,Radati,[<em>rad</em><i>:</i> see etym.at Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.rado (“rase”).Given in meaning “vilekhana” at Dhtp 159 &#38; Dhtm 220.Besides this it is given at Dhtm 224 in meaning “bhakkhana”] to scratch Dhtp 159; cp.<i>rada </i>&<i> radana</i> tooth Abhp 261.(Page 565),6,1
  10624. 370460,en,15,radheti,rādheti,Rādheti,Rādheti,<sup>2</sup> [<em>rādh</em>? Given at Dhtp 424 &#38; Dhtm 656 in meaning “hiṃsāyaṃ,” i.e.of hurting] no refs.(Page 570),7,1
  10625. 370461,en,15,radheti,rādheti,Rādheti,Rādheti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of <em>rādh</em> to succeed,rādhyate.The root is given at Dhtp 420 &#38; Dhtm 656 in meaning “saṃsiddhiyaṃ,” i.e.of success.See etym.at Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.reor.] to please:see cpds.abhi° apa°,ā°,vi°.(Page 570),7,1
  10626. 370487,en,15,raga,rāga,Rāga,Rāga,[cp.Sk.rāga,fr.<em>raj</em><i>:</i> see rajati] 1.colour,hue; colouring,dye Vin.II,107 (aṅga° “rougeing” the body:bhikkhū aṅgarāgaṃ karonti); ThA.78; SnA 315 (nānāvidha°).-- 2 (as t.t.in philosophy &#38; ethics) excitement,passion; seldom by itself,mostly in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>dosa</i>,<i> </i>&<i> moha</i>,as the three fundamental blemishes of character:passion or lust (uncontrolled excitement),ill-will (anger) and infatuation (bewilderment):see dosa<sup>2</sup> &#38; moha; cp.sarāga.-- These three again appear in manifold comb<sup>ns</sup> with similar terms,all giving var.shades of the “craving for existence” or “lust of life” (taṇhā etc.),or all that which is an obstacle to <i>nibbāna</i>.Therefore the giving up of rāga is one of the steps towards attaining the desired goal of emancipation (vimutti).-- Some of the comb<sup>ns</sup> are e.g.the 3 (r.d.m.)+kilesa; +kodha; very often fourfold r.d.m.with <i>māna</i>,these again with diṭṭhi:see in full Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.rāga (p.237),cp.below ussada.-- Of the many passages illustrating the contrast <i>rāga›nibbāna</i> the foll.may be mentioned:chandarāga vinodanaṃ nibbānapadaṃ accutaṃ Sn.1086; yo rāgakkhayo (etc.):idaṃ vuccati amataṃ S.V,8; yo rāgakkhayo (etc.):idaṃ vuccati nibbānaṃ S.IV,251; ye ‘dha pajahanti kāmarāgaṃ bhavararāganu-sayañ ca pahāya ...parinibbāna-gatā Vv 53<sup>24</sup>; kusalo jahati pāpakaṃ ...rāga dosa-mohakkhayā parinibbuto Ud.85.-- Personified,<i>Rāga</i> (v.l.Ragā),<i>Taṇhā </i>&<i> Arati</i> are called the “daughters of Māra” (Māradhītā):Sn.835; DhA.III,199; Nd<sup>1</sup> 181.-- For further detail of meaning &#38; application see e.g.-- (1) with <i>dosa </i>&<i> moha:</i> D.I,79,156; III,107,108,132; S.I,184; IV,139,195,250,305; V,84,357 sq.; M.II,138 (rasa° the excitement of taste); A.I,52,156 sq.,230 sq.; II,256; III,169,451 sq.; IV,144; It.56,57; Vism.421; VbhA.268,269 (sa° &#38; vīta°).-- (2) in other connection:D.III,70,74,146,175,217,234 (arūpa°),249 (cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati); S.II,231=271 (cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti); III,10; IV,72,329; V,74 (na rāgaṃ jāneti etc.); A.II,149 (tibba-rāga-jātiko rāgajaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti); III,233,371 (kāmesu vīta°); IV,423 (dhamma°); Sn.2,74,139,270=S.I,207 (+dosa); Sn.361,493,764,974,1046; Dh.349 (tibba°= bahala-rāga DhA.IV,68); Ps.I,80 sq.; II,37 (rūpa°),95 (id.); Vbh.145 sq.(=taṇhā),368 (=kiñcana),390; Tikp 155,167; DA.I,116.-- Opp.<i>virāga</i>.<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> the fire of passion D.III,217; S.IV,19; It.92 (r.dahati macce ratte kāmesu mucchite; +dosaggi &#38; mohaggi); J.I,61 (°imhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti).<i>--ânusaya</i> latent bias of passion (for=Dat.) S.IV,205 (the 3 anusayas:rāga°,paṭigha°,avijjā°); It.80 (yo subhāya dhātuyā rāgo so padūyati).<i>--ussada</i> conceit of lust,one of the 7 ussadas (r.d.m.,māna,diṭṭhi,kilesa,kamma) Nd<sup>1</sup> 72.<i>--kkhaya</i> the decay (waning) of p.S.III,51,160:IV.142,250,261; V,8,16,25; VbhA.51 sq.<i>--carita</i> one whose habit is passion,of passionate behaviour Miln.92; Vism.105 sq.(in det.),114 (+dosa°,moha°),193; KhA 54 (colour of the blood of his heart,cp.Vism.409) <i>--ṭṭhānīya</i> founded on passion A.I,264; AA 32.<i>--patha</i> way of lust,lustfulness,passion,sensuality S.IV,70; Sn.370,476 (with expl<sup>n</sup> “rāgo pi hi duggatīnaṃ pathattā rāgapatho ti vuccati” SnA 410).<i>--rati</i> passionate or lustful delight DhA.III,112; <i>--ratta</i> affected with passion S.I,136; Sn.795 (as <i>°rāgin</i>,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 100=kāma-guṇesu ratta).(Page 567),4,1
  10627. 370962,en,15,ragin,rāgin,Rāgin,Rāgin,(-°) [fr.rāga] one who shows passion for,possessed of lust,affected with passion Sn.795 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 100); S.I,136; Vism.193,194 (with var.characterisations).(Page 568),5,1
  10628. 371042,en,15,rahada,rahada,Rahada,Rahada,[Vedic hrada,with diæresis &#38; metathesis *harada ›rahada; the other metathetic form of the same hrada is *draha›daha] a (deep) pond,a lake D.I,50 (°ṃ iva vippasannaṃ udānaṃ); S.I,169=183 (dhammo rahado sīla-tittho); Sn.721=Miln.414 (rahado pūro va paṇḍito); It.92 (rahado va nivāto),114 (r.sa-ummi sāvaṭṭo sagaho); DhA.II,152.-- As <i>udaka°</i> at D.I,74,84; A.III,25 (ubbhid-odako); Pug.47.-- On r.in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,127.(Page 567),6,1
  10629. 371054,en,15,rahas,rahas,Rahas,Rahas, &#38; Raho (nt.) [Vedic rahas.The Pāli word is restricted to the forms <i>raho</i> and <i>rahā°</i> (=*rahaḥ); a Loc.<i>rahasi</i> is mentioned by Childers,but not found in the Canon.-- To rahati] lonely place,solitude,loneliness; secrecy,privacy.-- 1.<i>raho:</i> occurring only as adv.“secretly,lonely,in secret,” either absolutely,e.g.S.I,46; Sn.388; Pv.II,7<sup>16</sup> (opp.āvi openly); IV,1<sup>40</sup> (raho nisinna); Vism.201 (na raho karoti pāpāni:arahaṃ tena vuccati); or in cpds.e.g.<i>°gata</i> being in private,being alone D.I,134 (+paṭisallīna); Sn.p.60.See also under paṭisallīna; <i>°gama</i> “secret convention,secret intercourse,” fig.a secret adviser J.VI,369 (after Kern,not found!); <i>°vāda</i> secret talk M.III,230.See also <i>anu°</i>.-- 2.<i>rahā°</i>,only in cpd.<i>rahā-bhāva</i> secrecy,in def<sup>n</sup> of arahant at DA.I,146=Vism.201 (rahābhāvena ten’esa arahan ti).See also der.<i>rāha-seyyaka</i>.Note.Hardy’s reading <i>yathā rahaṃ</i> at Pv.II,9<sup>23</sup> &#38; PvA.78 is not correct,it should be yath’ârahaṃ (cp.similarly pūj-âraha).In the same sense we would preferably read agg’āsan’ādi-arahānaṃ “of those who merit the first seat etc.” at J.I,217,although all MSS.have aggāsanādi-rahānaṃ,thus postulating a form <i>raha=araha</i>.(Page 567),5,1
  10630. 371061,en,15,rahaseyyaka,rāhaseyyaka,Rāhaseyyaka,Rāhaseyyaka,(adj.) [rahas+seyya+ka or rāha (for rahā°)+seyyaka] “having one’s bed in loneliness,” living in seclusion or secrecy,in <i>manussa°</i> “fit to lie undisturbed by men” Vin.I,39 (+paṭisallāna-sāruppa); M.II,118.(Page 571),11,1
  10631. 371077,en,15,rahassa,rahassa,Rahassa,Rahassa,(adj.nt.) [Sk.rahasya] secret,private; nt.secrecy,secret Mhvs 35,64 (vatvā rahassaṃ); Instr.<i>rahassena</i> (as adv.) secretly Mhvs 36,80; Acc.<i>rahassaṃ</i> id.Pv IV.1<sup>65</sup>.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> secret speech,whispered words J.I,411; II,6.(Page 567),7,1
  10632. 371091,en,15,rahassaka,rahassaka,Rahassaka,Rahassaka,(adj.) [fr.rahassa] secret Miln.91 (guyhaṃ na kātabbaṃ na rahassakaṃ).(Page 567),9,1
  10633. 371128,en,15,rahati,rahati,Rahati,Rahati,[<em>rah</em>,def<sup>d</sup> at Dhtp 339 &#38; 632 by “cāga,” giving up,also at Dhtm 490 by “cāgasmiṃ,” 876 by <i>cāga</i> and <i>gata</i>] to leave,desert:see pp.<i>rahita</i> &#38; der.<i>rahas</i>,<i> rahassa</i>.(Page 567),6,1
  10634. 371133,en,15,rahayati,rahāyati,Rahāyati,Rahāyati,[denom.fr.rahas; not corresponding to Sk.rahayati,C.of rahati to cause to leave] to be lonely,to wish to be alone M.II,119.(Page 567),8,1
  10635. 371145,en,15,rahita,rahita,Rahita,Rahita,[pp.of <em>rah</em>] 1.lonely,forsaken Th.2,373 (gantum icchasi rahitaṃ bhiṃsanakaṃ mahāvanaṃ).-- 2.deprived of,without (-°) J.III,369 (buddhiyā rahitā sattā); DA.I,36 (avaṇṇa°); PvA.63 (bhoga°),67 (ācāra°),77 (gandha°).Note.samantarahita is to be divided as <i>sam-antarahita</i>.(Page 567),6,1
  10636. 371269,en,15,rahu,rāhu,Rāhu,Rāhu,[Vedic rāhu] N.of an Asura:see under Proper Names.--<i>rāhumukha</i> “mouth of Rāhu,” designation of a certain punishment for criminals (M.I,87; III,164; Nd<sup>1</sup> 154 (in list of tortures)=Nd<sup>2</sup> 604=Miln.197.(Page 571),4,1
  10637. 371394,en,15,raja,rājā,Rājā,Rājā,(Rājan) [cp.Vedic rājā,n-stem.To root <i>*</i><em>reg</em>,as in Lat.rego (to lead,di-rect,cp.in meaning Gr.h(gemw/n):see etym.under <i>uju</i>.Cp.Oir.rī king,Gallic Catu-rīx battle king,Goth reiks=Ohg.rīhhi=rich or Ger.reich.Besides we have <i>*reig</i> in Ags.r&amacremacr;cean= reach; Ger.reichen.-- The Dhtp only knows of one root <em>rāj</em> in meaning “ditti” i.e.splendour] king,a ruling potentate.The def<sup>n</sup> at Vin.III,222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym.at D.III,93= Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e.he gladdens others with his righteousness.-- At the latter passage the origin of kingly government is given as the third stage in the constitution of a people,the 2 preceding being <i>mahā-sammata</i> (general consent) and <i>khattiya</i> (the land-aristocrats).-- Cases.We find 3 systems of cases for the original Sk.forms,viz.the contracted,the diæretic and (in the pl.) a new formation with --ū-.Thus Gen. &#38; Dat.sg.<i>rañño</i> [Sk.rājñaḥ] Vin.III,107; IV,157; J.II,378; III,5; Vv 74<sup>4</sup>; and <i>rājino</i> Sn.299,415; Th.2,463; J.IV,495; Mhvs 2,14; Instr.sg.<i>raññā</i> Vin.III,43; J.V,444; DhA.I,164; PvA.22; VbhA.106; and rājinā [Sk.rajña] Mhvs 6,2; Acc.sg.<i>rājānaṃ</i> Vin.IV,157; Loc.<i>raññe</i> PvA.76; Voc.<i>rāja</i> Sn.422,423.pl.Nom.<i>rājāno</i> A.I,68; Gen.Dat.<i>raññaṃ</i> [Sk.rājñaṃ] D.II,87; Mhvs 18,32; and <i>rājūnaṃ</i> Vin.I,228; Ud.11; J.II,104; III,487; SnA 484; PvA.101,133; Instr.<i>raññāhi</i> A.I,279 <i>rājūhi</i> Ud.41; M.II,120; J.I,179; III,45; Mhvs 5,80; 8,21; and <i>rājubhi</i> D.II,258.Cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 92<sup>1</sup>.-- 1.rājā is a term of sovereignship.The term rājā as used in Buddhist India does not admit of a uniform interpretation and translation.It is primarily an appellative (or title) of a <i>khattiya</i>,and often the two are used promiscuously.Besides,it has a far wider sphere of meaning than we convey by any trsl<sup>n</sup> like “king” or even “sovereign,” or “prince.” We find it used as a designation of “king” in the sense of an elected or successory (crowned) monarch,but also in the meaning of a distinguished nobleman,or a local chieftain,or a prince with var.attributes characterizing his position according to special functions.From this we get the foll.scheme:(a) [based on mythological views:the king as representing the deity,cp.deva= king.Note that <i>rājā</i> never takes the place of deva in the meaning king,but that <i>mahārāja</i> is used in Voc.equivalent to <i>deva</i>] a world-king,over-lord,a so-called <i>cakkavatti rājā</i>.This is an office (as “Universal King”) peculiar to the <i>Mahāpurisa</i> or the (mythol.) “Great Man,” who may become either the Saviour of men in the religious sense,a Sammā-sambuddha,or a just Ruler of the earth in the worldly sense,a King of Righteousness.These are the 2 gatis of such a being,as described at var.places of the Canon (e.g.Sn.p.106; Sn.1002,1003; D.III,142; A.I,76).His power is absolute,and is described in the standard phrase “c.dhammiko <i>dhamma-rājā</i> cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariya-ppatto satta-ratana-samannāgato,” e.g.D.III,59.Dhammapāla gives the dignity of a C.as the first “human sovereign powers” (PvA.117).‹-› The four <i>iddhi’s</i> of a C.are given (quite crudely) at M.III,176:he is beautiful,lives longer than others,is of a healthier constitution than others,he is beloved by the brahmins and householders.Other qualities:how his remains should be treated=D.II,141; deserves a thūpa D.II,142 sq.; his four qualities D.II,145 (the 4 assemblies of khattiyas,brāhmaṇas,gahapatis &#38; samaṇas are pleased with him).See under cakkavatti &#38; ratana.-- In a similar sense the term <i>dhamma-rājā</i> is used as Ep.of the Buddha Sn.554 (rāj’âham asmi dh-.r.anuttaro); J.I,262; and a reflection of the higher sphere is seen in the title of politeness (only used in Voc.) <i>mahārāja</i>,e.g.Sn.416 (addressed to Bimbisāra) PvA.22 (id.); J.VI,515.-- (b) [in a larger constitutional state] the crowned (muddhâvasitta) monarch (i.e.khattiya) as the head of the principality or kingdom.The def<sup>n</sup> of this (general) rājā at Nd<sup>2</sup> 542 is significant of the idea of a king prevalent in early Buddhist times.It is:“khattiyo muddh’âbhisitto vijita-saṅgāmo nihata-paccāmitto laddh’adhippāyo paripuṇṇa-koṭthāgāro,” i.e.“a crowned noble,victorious in battle,slaying his foes,fulfilling his desires,having his storehouses full.” This king is “the top of men” (mukhaṃ manussānaṃ) Vin.I,246=Sn.568.Cp.D.I,7; Sn.46 (raṭṭhaṃ vijitam pahāya); J.V,448 and passim.See also below 3.4 &#38; 6.-- In similes:see J.P.T.S.1907,128; &#38; cp.Vism.152 (r.va saddh’antagato),336 (wishing to become an artisan).Here belongs the title of the king of the devas (Sakka) “<i>deva-rājā</i>,” e.g.DhA.III,269,441; PvA.62.-- (c) [in an oligarchic sense] member of a kula of khattiyas,e.g.the kumāras of the Sakiyans and Koliyans are all called rājāno of the rājakulānaṃ in J.V,413 sq.,or at least the heads of those kulas.Cp.B.Ind.p.19.-- (d) [in a smaller,autocratic state] a chieftain,prince,ruler; usually (collectively) as a group:<i>rājāno</i>,thus indicating their lesser importance,e.g.A.V,22 (kuḍḍa-rājāno rañño cakkavattissa anuyuttā bhavanti:so read for anuyantā); Sn.553 (bhoja° similar to rāja-bhoggā or bhogiyā as given at SnA 453); A.II,74 sq.(dhammikā &#38; a°); J.IV,495.Similarly at Vin.I,228 we find the division into the 3 ranks:mahesakkhā rājāno,majjhimā r.,nīcā r.Here also belongs the designation of the 4 <i>lokapālā</i> (or Guardians of the World) at cattāro <i>mahā-rājāno</i>,the mahā° being added for sake of politeness (cp.Note A on <i>mahā</i>),e.g.A.IV,242.See also paṭirājā &#38; cp.below 4 c.-- (e) A wider range of meaning is attached to several sub-divisions (with rājā or without):officials and men who occasionally take the place of the king (royal functionaries),but are by public opinion considered almost equal to the king.Here belongs the def<sup>n</sup> of what is termed “<i>rājāno</i>” (pl.like d) at Vin.III,47,viz.rājā,padesa-rājā,maṇḍalikā,antarabhogikā,akkhadassā,mahāmattā,<i>ye vā pana chejjabhejjaṃ anusāsanti</i> (i.e.those who have juridical power).See also below 4 b,and °putta,°bhogga [ &#38; other cpds.].-- 2.It would fill a separate book,if we were to give a full monograph of kingship in and after the Buddha’s time; we therefore content ourselves with a few principal remarks.The office of king was hereditary:kula-santakaṃ rajjaṃ J.I,395; II,116; IV,124; but we sometimes read of a king being elected with great pomp:J.I,470; PvA.74.He had the political and military power in his hand,also the jurisdiction,although in this he is often represented by the <i>mahāmatta</i>,the active head of the state.His 10 duties are mentioned at several places (see below under °dhammā).Others are mentioned e.g.at D.I,135,where it is said he gives food and seed-corn to the farmer,capital to the trader,wages to the people in government service.His qualifications are 8 fold (see D.I,137):well-born (“gentleman,” khattiya),handsome,wealthy,powerful (with his army),a believer,learned,clever,intelligent.‹-› His wealth is proverbial and is characterized in a stock phrase,which is also used of other ranks,like seṭṭhi’s &#38; brāhmaṇa’s,viz.“aḍḍha mahaddhana mahābhoga pahūta-jātarūpa-rajata pahūta-vitt’ûpakaraṇa pahūtadhana-dhañña paripuṇṇa-kosa-koṭṭhāgāra,” e.g.D.I,134.For a late description of a king’s quality and distinction see Miln.226,227.-- His disciplinary authority is emphasized; he spares no tortures in punishing adversaries or malefactors,esp.the <i>cora</i> (see below 4 c).A summary example of these punishments inflicted on criminals is the long passage illustrating <i>dukkha</i> (bodily pain) at Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III</SUP>; cp.M.III,163 (here also on a <i>cora</i>).-- 3.The king (rājā or khattiya) in the popular opinion,as reflected in language,heads several lists,which have often been taken as enumerating “castes,” but which are simply inclusive statements of var.prominent ranks as playing a rôle in the social life of the state,and which were formulated according to diff.occasions.Thus some show a more political,some a more religious aspect.E.g.khattiya amacca brāhmaṇa gahapati D.I,136; rājā brāhmaṇa gahapatika A.I,68,where another formula has khattiya br.g.A.I,66; J.I,217; and the foll.with an intermediate “rank” (something like “royalty,” “the royal household”) between the king and the brahmins:rājā rājaputtā brāhmaṇā gahapatikā negama-jānapadā A.II,74 sq.; rājāno rāja-mahāmattā khattiyā br.,gah.,titthiyā D.III,44 (trsl<sup>n</sup> Dialogues too weak “rājas &#38; their officials”); rājā rājabhogga br.,gah.Vin.III,221.-- 4.Var.aspects illustrating the position of the king in relation to other prominent groups of the court or populace:(a) <i>rājā </i>&<i> khattiya</i>.All kings were khattiyas.The kh.is a noble kat)e)coxήn (cp.Gr.h(gemw/n) as seen fr.def<sup>n</sup> <i>jāti-khattiya</i> at SnA 453 and var.contexts.Already in the Rig Veda the kṣatriya is a person belonging to a royal family (RV X.109,3),and <i>rājanya</i> is an Ep.of kṣatriya (see Zimmer,Altindisches Leben 213).--<i>rājā khattiyo</i> muddhâvassito “a crowned king” D.I,69; III,61 sq.; Vin.IV,160; A.I,106 sq.; II,207 (contrasted with brāhmaṇa mahāsāla); III,299 (if lazy,he is not liked by the people); M.III,172 sq.(how he becomes a cakkavatti through the appearance of the cakka-ratana).-- Without <i>muddhâvasitta</i>:rājāno khattiyā Dh.294=Nett 165.Cp.khattiyā bhoja-rājāno the khattiyas,the (noble or lesser?) kings (as followers of the cakkavatti) Sn.553 (see bhoja).At J.VI,515.<i>rājāno</i> corresponds directly to <i>khattiyā</i> on p.517 (saṭṭhisahassa°); cp.expression khattiya-kula J.I,217 as equivalent to rāja-kula.(b) <i>rājā </i>&<i> mahāmatta</i>.The latter occupies the position of “Premier,” but is a rank equal to the king,hence often called <i>rājā</i> himself:Vin.III,47 where styled “akkhadassa mahāmatta.” Otherwise he is always termed <i>rāja-mahāmatta</i> “royal minister,” or “H.R.H.the Premier,” e.g.Vin.I,172; A.I,279; Vin.I,228 (also as Magadha-mahāmatta),and called himself a khattiya D.III,44.-- (c) <i>rājā </i>&<i> cora</i>.A prominent figure in the affairs of State is the “robber-chief” (mahā-cora).The contrast-pair <i>rajāno</i> (so always pl.) &#38; <i>cora</i> is very frequent,and in this connection we have to think of rājāno as either smaller kings,knights or royals (royalists),i.e.officers of the kings or “the king’s Guards.” Thus at J.III,34 the C.expl<sup>n</sup> as <i>rāja-purisā</i>.It is here used as a term of warning or frightening “get up,robber,so that the kings (alias “policeman” ) won’t catch you”:uṭṭhehi cora mā taṃ gahesuṃ <i>rājāno</i>.Other passages are e.g.:D.I,7 (rāja-kathā &#38; corakathā)=Vin.I,188; M.III,163 (rājāno coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā); A.I,68,154; It.89 (rāj’âbhinīta+cor°); &#38; in sequence <i>rājāno corā dhuttā</i> (as being dangerous to the bhikkhus) at Vin.I,150,161.-- 5.On the question of kingship in Ancient India see Zimmer,Altind.Leben pp.162--175,212 sq.; Macdonell &#38; Keith,Vedic Index II.210 sq.; Fick,Soc.Gl.63--90; Foy,Die Königl.Gewalt nach den altind.Rechtsbüchern (Leipzig 1895); Rh.Davids,Buddhist India pp.1--16; Hopkins,E.W.,The social and military position of the ruling caste in A.I.in J.A.O.S.13,179 sq.; Banerjea,Public Administration in A.I.1916,pp.63--93.-- 6.Kings mentioned by name [a very limited &#38; casual list only,for detailed refs.see Dict’y of Names]:Ajātasattu; Udena (DhA.I,185); Okkāka; Dīghī (of Kosala; Vin.I,342); Parantapa (of Kosambī; DhA.I,164;) Pasenadi (of Kosala; D.I,87,103; Vin.IV,112,157); Bimbisāra (of Magadha; Vin.IV,116 sq.; Sn.419); Bhaddiya; etc.-- 7.(fig.) king as sign of distinction (“princeps”),as the lion is called rājā <i>migānaṃ</i> Sn.72; Vism.650; the Himavant is <i>pabbata-</i>rājā A.I,152; III,44; and Gotama’s horse Kaṇthaka is called <i>assa-</i>rājā J.I,62=VvA.314.-- Note.The comp<sup>n</sup> form of rājā is <i>rāja°</i>.<br><br> <i>--âgāra</i> a king’s (garden- or pleasure-) house D.I,7 (°ka); DA.I,42.<i>--aṅga</i> royal mark,characteristic or qualification; king’s property Vin.I,219 (rājaṅgaṃ hatthī:the elephants belong to the king),cp.A.I,244:assājāniyo rañño aṅgan t’eva saṅkhaṃ gacchati is called king’s property.<i>--aṅgana</i> royal court PvA.74.<i>--āṇatti</i> king’s permission Tikp 26 (in simile).<i>--āṇā</i> (1) the king’s command J.III,180; cp.PvA.217 “rañño āṇā”; (2) the king’s fine or punishment,i.e.a punishment inflicted by the king (cp.Fick,Soc.Gl.74),synonymous with rāja-daṇḍa:J.I,369,433 (rājāṇaṃ karoti to inflict); II,197; III,18,232,351; IV,42; VI,18; PvA.242.<i>--ânubhāva</i> king’s power,majesty,authority,pomp J.IV,247; PvA.279.<i>--antepura</i> the royal harem A.V,81,82 (the 10 risks which a bhikkhu is running when visiting it for alms).<i>--âbhinīta</i> brought by a king It.89 (+corâbhinīta).<i>--âbhirājā</i> “king of kings” Sn.553; DhsA.20.<i>--âmacca</i> royal minister J.V,444 (°majjhe).<i>--āyatana</i> N.of a tree:“Kingstead tree,” the royal tree (as residence of a king of fairies),Buchanania latifolia Vin.I,3 sq.(where MVastu III,303 reads kṣīrikā,i.e.milk-giving tree); J.I,80; IV,361 sq.; DhsA.35; VbhA.433 (°cetiya).<i>--iddhi</i> royal power PvA.279.<i>--isi</i> a royal seer,a king who gives up his throne &#38; becomes an ascetic (cp.Sk.rājarṣi,freq.in Mhbhārata &#38; Rāmā yana) Th.1,1127 (read rāja-d-isi); It.21 (rājīsayo,with var vv.ll.not quite the same meaning); J.VI,116,124,127,518; DhA.IV,29.Kern,Toev.s.v.proposes reading <i>rājīsi</i>.<i> --upaṭṭhāna</i> attendance on the king,royal audience Vin.I,269; J.I,269,349; III,119,299; IV,63.<i>--ûpabhoga</i> fit for use by the king Miln.252.<i>--uyyāna</i> royal garden or pleasure ground J.III,143; Mhvs 15,2.<i>--orodhā</i> a lady from the king’s harem,a royal concubine Vin.IV,261.<i>--kakudha-bhaṇḍa</i> an ensign of royalty (5:khagga,chatta,uṇhīsa,pādukā,vālavījanī) DhA.I,356.See under kakudha.<i>--kathā</i> talk about kings (as tiracchānakathā in disgrace),comb<sup>d</sup> with corakathā (see above 4 c) D.I,7; III,36,54; Vin.I,188.<i>--kammika</i> a royal official,one employed by the king J.I,439; IV,169.<i>--kuṭumba</i> the king’s property J.I,439.<i>--kuṇḍa</i> a “crook of a king” DhA.III,56.<i>--kumāra</i> a (royal) prince (cp.khattiya-kumāra) Vin.I,269; J.III,122; VbhA.196 (in comparison).<i>--kumbhakāra</i> a “royal potter,” i.e.a potter being “purveyor to the king” J.V,290.<i>--kula</i> the king’s court or palace A.I,128; II,205; Vin.IV,265; J.II,301; DhA.II,44,46; III,124.<i>--khādāya</i> puṭṭha at Sn.831 is according to Kern,Toev.to be read as <i>rajakkhatāya</i> ph.(fr.rajakkha).The old Niddesa,however,reads °khādāya &#38; expl<sup>ns</sup> the word (Nd<sup>1</sup> 171) by rājabhojanīyena,i.e.the king’s food,which is alright without being changed.<i>--guṇa</i> “virtue of a king” M.I,446 (trick of a circus horse; +rāja-vaṃsa).<i>--daṇḍa</i> punishment ordered by the king PvA.216,217.<i>--dāya</i> a royal gift D.I,127; DA.I,246.<i>--dūta</i> king’s messenger Sn.411,412; in meaning of “message,” i.e.calling somebody to court,summons at J.II,101,305.<i>--dhamma</i> “king’s rule,” i.e.rule of governing,norm of kingship; usually given as a set of 10,which are enum<sup>d</sup> at J.III,274 as “dāna,sīla,pariccāga,ajjava,maddava,tapo,akkodha,avihiṃsā,khanti,avirodhana,” i.e.alms-giving,morality,liberality,straightness,gentleness,self-restriction,non-anger,non-hurtfulness,forbearance non-opposition.These are referred to as dasa rājadhammā at J.I,260,399; II,400; III,320; V,119,378; usually in phrase “dasa rāja-dhamme akopetvā dhammena rajjan kāresi”:he ruled in righteousness,not shaking the tenfold code of the king.Another set of 3 are mentioned at J.V,112,viz.“vitathaṃ kodhaṃ hāsaṃ nivāraye” (expl<sup>d</sup> as giving up musāvāda,kodha &#38; adhamma-hāsa).<i>--dhānī</i> a royal city (usually comb<sup>d</sup> with gāma &#38; nigama) A.I,159; II,33; III,108; Vin.III,89; J.V,453; Pv 13<sup>18</sup>.<i>--dhītā</i> king’s daughter,princess J.I,207; PvA.74.<i>--nivesana</i> the king’s abode,i.e.palace DhA.IV,92.<i>--parisā</i> royal assembly Vin.II,296.<i>--pīla</i> (?) DhA.I,323.<i>--putta</i> lit.“king’s son,” prince,one belonging to the royal clan (cp.similarly kulaputta),one of royal descent,Rājput Sn.455; Miln.331; VbhA.312,319 (in simile); PvA.20.f.<i>°puttī</i> princess J.IV,108; V,94.<i>--purisa</i> “king’s man,” only in pl.<i>°purisā</i> the men of the king,those in the king’s service (as soldiers,body-guard,policeman etc.) J.III,34; VbhA.80 (°ânubandha-corā),109.<i>--porisa</i> (m. &#38; nt.) servant of the king,collectively:king’s service,those who devote themselves to Govt.service D.I,135; M.I,85=Nd<sup>2</sup> 199; A.IV,281,286.See also <i>porisa</i>.<i> --bali</i> royal tax J.I,354.<i>--bhaṭa</i> king’s hireling or soldier Vin.I,74,88; SnA 38 (in simile) <i>--bhaya</i> fear of the king(‘s punishment) Vism.121.<i>--bhāga</i> the king’s share J.II,378.<i>--bhogga</i> 1.royal,in the service of the king,in foll.phrases:rāja-bhoggaṃ raññā dinnaṃ rāja-dāyaṃ brahma-deyyaṃ D.I,87,of a flourishing place.Dial.I.108 trsl<sup>s</sup> “with power over it as if he were king,” and expl<sup>s</sup> with:“where the king has proprietary rights.” The C.rather unmeaningly expl<sup>s</sup> as “rāja-laddha” (DA.I,245).The BSk.has a curious version of this phrase:“rājñā-agni- dattena brahmadeyyaṃ dattaṃ” (given by the king in the place of agni?) Divy 620.-- Further at Vin.III,221 in sequence rājā r-bhogga,brāhmaṇa,gahapatika,where the C.expl<sup>s</sup> (on p.222) as “yo koci rañño bhatta-vetan’āhāro.” (We should be inclined to take this as No.2.) -- Thirdly,in stock phrase “rājâraha rājabhogga rañño aṅgan t’eva saṅkhaṃ gacchati,” i.e.worthy of a king,imperial,he justifies the royal qualification,said of a thoroughbred horse at A.I,244= II.113; of a soldier (yodh’ājīva) at A.I,284; of an elephant at J.II,370 (where it is expl<sup>d</sup> as “rāja paribhoga”).Also as “royal possessions” in general at DhA.I,312.13.-- Fick,Soc.Gl.99 does not help much,he takes it as “king’s official.” -- 2.royal,of royal power,one entitled to the throne.Either as bhogga,bhogiya (SnA 453) or (khattiyā) <i>bhoja-rājāno</i> (Sn.553).Thus at Vin.III,221,where it takes the place of the usual khattiya “royal noble” &#38; Sn.553,where it is comb<sup>d</sup> (as bhoja rājano) with khattiyā.See also <i>bhoja</i> &#38; cp.(antara) <i>bhogika</i> and <i>rājañña</i>.<i> --mahāmatta</i> king’s prime minister (see above 4 b,to which add:) D.III,44; A.I,154,252,279; III,128; VbhA.312 (simile of 2),340.<i>--mālakāra</i> royal gardener J.V,292.<i>--muddā</i> the royal seal DhA.I,21.<i>--muddikā</i> id.SnA 577.<i>--ratha</i> the king’s chariot DhA.III,122.<i>--rukkha</i> “royal tree,” Cathartocarpus fistula VvA.43.<i>--vara</i> the best king,famous king Vv 32<sup>1</sup> (=Sakka VvA.134).<i>--vallabha</i> the king’s favourite,or overseer Mhvs 37,10; VbhA.501 (in simile).<i>--vibhūti</i> royal splendour or dignity PvA.216,279.<i>--haṃsa</i> “royal swan,” a sort of swan or flamingo Vism.650 (suvaṇṇa°,in simile).(Page 568),4,1
  10638. 371712,en,15,rajaka,rajaka,Rajaka,Rajaka,[fr.rajati] a dyer ( &#38; “washerman” in the same function),more correctly “bleacher.” See remarks of Kern’s at Toev.II.45 on distinction of washerman &#38; dyer.-- D.I,51 (in list of occupations); Vin.III,45; S.II,101=III,152 (in simile; comb<sup>d</sup> with cittakāra,here perhaps “painter”?); S.III,131; J.V,186; VbhA.331 (in simile).(Page 561),6,1
  10639. 371720,en,15,rajaka,rājaka,Rājaka,Rājaka,(adj.) (-°) [rāja+ka,the ending belonging to the whole cpd.] characteristic of the king,king-; in cpds.<i>arājaka</i> without a king J.VI,39 (raṭṭhe); <i>sarājaka</i> including the king Tikp 26; f.<i>sarājikā</i> Vin.I,209 (parisā).Also in phrase <i>anikkhanta-rājake</i> (Loc.abs.) when the king has not gone out Vin.IV,160.(Page 568),6,1
  10640. 371801,en,15,rajakkha,rajakkha,Rajakkha,Rajakkha,(-°) (adj.) [rajo+ending ka,in comb<sup>n</sup> *rajas-ka =rajakkha,like *puras-kata=purakkhata.The °ka belongs to the whole cpd.] only in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>appa°</i> and <i>mahā°</i> i.e.having little (or no) and much defilement (or blemish of character) M.I,169; S.I,137 (here further comb<sup>d</sup> with °jātika; cp.BSk.alpa-rajaskajātīya MVastu III,322); Vin.I,5 (id.); Ps.I,121; II,33,195; Nd<sup>1</sup> 358; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235 No.3 p<sup>2</sup>; Vbh.341; Miln.263; Vism.205; VbhA.458.(Page 561),8,1
  10641. 371809,en,15,rajakkhata,rajakkhatā,Rajakkhatā,Rajakkhatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.rajakkha] is Kern’s (problematic) proposed reading (Toev.s.v.) for <i>rājakhāda</i> at Sn.831 (rājakhādāya phuṭṭho),which is however unjustified,as the original reading is well-attested and expl<sup>d</sup> in the Niddesa as such.The term as proposed would not occur by itself either (like rajakkha,only --°).(Page 561),10,1
  10642. 371960,en,15,rajana,rajana,Rajana,Rajana,(nt.) [fr.<em>raj</em>] colouring,dye D.I,110 (suddhaṃ vatthaṃ ...sammadeva rajanaṃ paṭigaṇheyya); Vin.I,50=53 II.227; Vin.I,286 (6 dyes allowed to the bhikkhus:mūla°,khandha°,taca°,patta°,puppha°,phala°,or made of the root,the trunk,bark,leaf,flower,fruit of trees) Th.1,965; S.II,101 (here either as f.or adj.); J.I,220 (washing?).<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> (the job of) dyeing J.I,118; Vism.65.<i>--pacana</i> boiling the dye Vism.389 (cp.rajana-pakka Vin.Texts II.49).<i>--bhājana</i> dye-vessel Vin.I,286.<i>--sālā</i> colouringworkshop,dyeing-hall Vism.65.(Page 561),6,1
  10643. 372081,en,15,rajani,rajani,Rajani,Rajani,(f.) [fr.<em>raj</em>,cp.rajanīya 2] the night Dāvs.I,39; Abhp 69; PvA.205.(Page 561),6,1
  10644. 372109,en,15,rajaniya,rajanīya,Rajanīya,Rajanīya,(adj.) [grd.of rajati] of the nature of rajas,i.e.leading to lust,apt to rouse excitement,enticing,lustful.-- 1.As Ep.of <i>rūpa</i> (vedanā saññā etc.) S.III,79; also at D.I,152 sq.(dibbāni rupāni passāmi piya-rūpāni kām’ûpasaṃhitāni rajanīyāni; &#38; the same with saddāni).In another formula (relating to the 5 kāmaguṇā):rūpā (saddā etc.) iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kām’ûpasaṃhitā rajanīyā D.I,245; M.I,85.The expl<sup>n</sup> of this passage at DA.I,311 is:r.=rāgajanaka.-- The expression <i>rajanīyā dhammā</i> “things (or thoughts) causing excitement” is contrasted with <i>vimocaniyā</i> dh.“that which leads to emancipation” at A.II,196.The same takes the places of <i>lobhanīyā</i> dhammā in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>dosanīyā </i>&<i> mohanīyā</i> dh.at S.IV,307; A.II,120; III,169.Another pair is mentioned at Nett 18,viz.r.dhammā and <i>pariyuṭṭhāniyā</i> dh.‹-› 2.In diff.connections it means simply “delightful,lovely” and is e.g.an Ep.of the night.So at Pv III,7<sup>1</sup>,where the passage runs “yuvā rajanīye kāmaguṇehi sobhasi”:youthful thou shinest with the qualities of enjoyment in the enjoyable (night),which at PvA.205 is expl<sup>d</sup> in a twofold manner viz.first as “ramaṇīyehi rāguppatti-hetu-bhūtehi” (viz.kāmagunehi),referring to a v.l.<i>rajanīyehi</i>,and then as “rajanī ti vā rattīsu,ye ti nipātamattaṃ” and “virocasi rattiyaṃ.” Thus rajanī is here taken directly as “night” (cp.Abhp 69).-- At Pv IV.6<sup>2</sup> the passage runs “pamattā <i>rajaniyesu</i> kām’assād’âbhinandhino” i.e.not heeding the enjoyment of the taste of craving at nights; here as m. &#38; not f.-- The meaning “lovely” is appl<sup>d</sup> to sounds at Th.1,1233 (sarena rajanīyena); VvA.37 (r.nigghosa).(Page 561),8,1
  10645. 372142,en,15,rajanna,rājañña,Rājañña,Rājañña,[fr.rājā,cp,Vedic rājanya] “royalty”; a high courtier,a khattiya (=rājabhogga,cp.Fick,Sociale Gliederung 100) D.I,103 (Pasenadi rājā ...uggehi vā rājaniyehi vā kañcid eva mantanaṃ manteyya); DA.I,273 (=anabhisittā kumārā,i.e.uncrowned princes); Miln.234; VvA.297 (Pāyāsi r.).(Page 568),7,1
  10646. 372438,en,15,rajata,rajata,Rajata,Rajata,(nt.) [Vedic rajata; see etym.under rajati] silver D.I,5 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,78 as a general name for all coins except gold:kahāpaṇas etc.); S.I,92; Sn.962 (in simile; expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 478 as jātarūpa),J.V,50; 416 (hema° gold &#38; silver); Vv 35<sup>1</sup> (°hema-jāla); DhA.II,42 (°paṭṭa silver tablet or salver); IV,105 (°gabbha silver money box or cabinet for silver,alongside of kahāpaṇa-gabbha and suvaṇṇa°); VbhA.64 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “kahāpaṇa”); PvA.95 (for rūpiya).(Page 561),6,1
  10647. 372443,en,15,rajata,rājatā,Rājatā,Rājatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.rājā] state of being a king,kingship,sovereignty J.I,119 (anuttara-dhamma° being a most righteous king).(Page 568),6,1
  10648. 372658,en,15,rajati,rajati,Rajati,Rajati,[<em>raj </em>&<i> </i><em>rañj</em> to shine,to be coloured or light (-red); to Idg.<i>*areg</i> to be bright,as in Lat.argus,Gr.a)rgήs &#38; a)rgόs light; Sk.arjuna (see ajjuna); to which also rajati silver=Lat.argentum,Gr.a)ρguros; Gallic Argento-ratum (N.of Strassburg); Oir argat.] usually intrs.<i>rajjati</i> (q.v.).As <i>rajitabba</i> (grd.) in meaning “to be bleached” (dhovitabba+) only in meaning “bleach” (as compared with <i>dhovati</i> clean, &#38; <i>vijaṭeti</i> to disentangle,smoothe) Vin.III,235 (ppr.fr.pl.dhovantiyo rajantiyo etc.); J.I,8 (rajitabba,grd.; dhovitabba+).-- Somehow it is difficult to distinguish between the meanings “bleach” and “dye” (cp.rajaka),in some comb<sup>ns</sup> with <i>dhovati</i> it clearly means “dye,” as at Vin.I,50 (forms:rajati,rajitabba,rajiyetha 3 sg.Pot.Med.); Vism.65 (forms:rajitvā,rajitabba,rajituṃ).-- Another grd.<i>rajanīya</i> in diff.meaning (see sep.).Caus.<i>rajeti</i> to paint,colour Th.1,1155 (inf.rajetave:(see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 204,1.a).Caus.also <i>rañjeti</i> (see under rañjati).Med.Pass.<i>rajjati</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.II.<i>rajāpeti</i> to cause to be bleached Vin.III,206 (dhovāpeyya rajāpeyya ākoṭāpeyya),235 (dhovapeti r.vijaṭāpeti); J.II,197 (ovaṭṭikaṃ sibbāpetvā rajāpetvā).(Page 561),6,1
  10649. 372667,en,15,rajati,rājati,Rājati,Rājati,[<em>rāj</em>,cp.rajati &#38; rañjati] to shine VvA.134 (=vijjotati).Cp.<i>vi°</i>.(Page 568),6,1
  10650. 372835,en,15,raji,rāji,Rāji,Rāji,<sup>2</sup> [fr.rāga?] dissension,quarrel,in phrase <i>saṅgha°</i> (+saṅghabheda) Vin.II,203 (quoted at VbhA.428); IV,217.(Page 570),4,1
  10651. 372836,en,15,raji,rāji,Rāji,Rāji,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.rāji] a streak,line,row Sn.p.107 (nīla-vana° =dark line of trees,expl<sup>d</sup> as nīla-vana rukkha-panti SnA 451); Vv 64<sup>4</sup> (nabhyo sata-rāji-cittita “coloured with 100 streaks”; VvA=lekhā); 64<sup>6</sup> (veḷuriya°); <i>pabbata°</i> a mountain range J.II,417; <i>dīgha°</i> (adj.) of long lineage PvA.68; <i>dvaṅgula°</i> a band 2 inches broad Dāvs.V,49; <i>roma°</i> a row of hair (on the body) J.V,430.(Page 570),4,1
  10652. 372860,en,15,rajika,rājikā,Rājikā,Rājikā,(f.) [cp.Sk.rājikā] a certain (gold) weight (a seedcorn of Sinapis ramosa) Th.1,97=862 (kaṃsa sata° 100 mustard seeds in weight,i.e.very costly); J.VI,510 (kaṃse sovaṇṇe satarājike).(Page 570),6,1
  10653. 372872,en,15,rajimant,rājimant,Rājimant,Rājimant,(adj.) [fr.rāji<sup>1</sup>] having streaks or stripes; f.<i>rājimatī</i> shining,radiant Vv 32<sup>1</sup> (v.l.rājāputti),expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.134 as follows:“rājati vijjotatī ti rājī:rājī ti matā paññātā rājimatī” (thus connecting °mant with <i>man</i>).(Page 570),8,1
  10654. 372875,en,15,rajin,rājin,Rājin,Rājin,(adj.) [fr.rāji] having streaks or stripes,in <i>uddhagga°</i> having prominent stripes (of a lion) J.IV,345.(Page 570),5,1
  10655. 372914,en,15,rajita,rājita,Rājita,Rājita:see <i>vi°</i>.(Page 570),6,1
  10656. 372952,en,15,rajja,rajja,Rajja,Rajja,(nt.) [Sk.rājya,fr.<em>rāj</em>] kingship,royalty,kingdom,empire; reign,throne; (fig.) sovereignty A.III,300 (°ṃ kāreti); Sn.114,553 (°ṃ kāreti to reign); J.I,57; 64 (ekarattena tīṇi rajjāni atikkamma; 3 kingdoms); III,170 (°ṃ amaccānaṃ niyyādetvā),199 (dukkhaseyyaṃ api rajjaṃ pi kāraye); IV,96,105,393 (nava rajja new kingship,newly (or lately) crowned king); VI,4 (rajjato me sussitvā maraṇam eva seyyo:death by withering is better than kingship); VvA.314 (=J.I,64 as above); PvA.73 sq.; Mhvs 10,52 (rājā rajjaṃ akārayi).--<i>cakkavatti°</i> rule of a universal king DhA.III,191; <i>deva°</i> reign amongst gods KhA 227; <i>padesa°</i> local sovereignty It.15; Kh VIII,12 (cp.KhA 227).<br><br> <i>--siri-dāyikā</i> (devatā) (goddess) giving success to the empire DhA.II,17.<i>--sīma</i> border of the empire Vism.121.(Page 562),5,1
  10657. 373020,en,15,rajjana,rajjana,Rajjana,Rajjana,(nt.) [fr.rajjati] defilement DA.I,195.Cp.<i>muyhana</i>.(Page 562),7,1
  10658. 373142,en,15,rajjati,rajjati,Rajjati,Rajjati,[cp.Sk.rajyati,<i>raj</i> or <i>rañj</i>,Med.of rajati] to be excited,attached to (Loc.),to find pleasure in S.IV,74 (na so rajjati rūpesu; =viratta-citta); Sn.160,813 (contrasted with virajjati); Ps.I,58,77 sq.,130,178; Nd<sup>1</sup> 138; Miln.386 (rajjasi rajanīyesu etc.:in comb<sup>n</sup> with dosa &#38; moha or derivations,representing rāga or lobha,cp.lobhanīya); VbhA.11.-- ppr.<i>rajjamāna</i> PvA.3; Pot.<i>rajjeyya</i> Miln.280 (kampeyya+); grd.<i>rajjitabba</i> Miln.386 (rajanīyesu r.; with dussanīyesu and muyhanīyesu; followed by kampitabba); fut.<i>rajjissati</i> DhsA.194; aor.<i>arañji</i> Vin.I,36=J.I,83 (na yiṭṭhe na hute arañjiṃ).-- pp.<i>ratta</i>.(Page 562),7,1
  10659. 373198,en,15,rajju,rajju,Rajju,Rajju,(f.) [Vedic rajju,cp.Lat.restis rope,Lith.r&etilde; ƶgis wicker,basket] a cord,line,rope S.II,128; Vin.II,120,148 (āviñchana°); Nd<sup>2</sup> 304; J.I,464,483 (fisherman’s line); V,173; Mhvs 10,61; DhA.IV,54; VbhA.163; KhA 57; VvA.207; Sdhp.148,153.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> rope-maker Miln.331.<i>--gāhaka</i> “rope-holder,” (king’s) land-surveyor J.II,367=DhA.IV,88 (see Fick,Sociale Gliederung 97).(Page 562),5,1
  10660. 373233,en,15,rajjuka,rajjuka,Rajjuka,Rajjuka,[rajju+ka] 1.a rope,line J.I,164 (bandhana°); ThA.257.-- 2.=rajjugāhaka,king’s land surveyor J.II,367.(Page 562),7,1
  10661. 373271,en,15,rajo,rajo,Rajo,Rajo,(rajas) &#38; <i>Raja</i> (nt.) [<em>raj</em>,see rajati &#38; rañjati.Vedic rajaḥ meaning:(a) space,as region of mist &#38; cloud,similar to antarīksa,(b) a kind of (shiny) metal (cp.rajata); see Zimmer,Altind.Leben 55].A Forms.Both rajo &#38; rajaṃ occur as noun &#38; Acc.sg.,e.g.rajo at D.II,19; Sn.207,334; Dhs.617; rajaṃ at Sn.275; It.83; once (in verse) <i>rajo</i> occurs as <i>m</i>,viz.Sn.662.The other cases are formed from the a-stem only,e.g.<i>rajassa</i> Sn.406; pl.<i>rajāni</i> Sn.517,974.In comp<sup>n</sup> we find both forms,viz.(1) <i>rajas</i> either in visarga form <i>rajah</i>,as (a) <i>rajo-</i>,(b) <i>raja-</i> and (c) <i>rajā-</i> (stressed),or in s-form (d) <i>rajas-;</i> (2) <i>raja-</i>,appearing apostrophied as (e) <i>raj-</i>.B Meanings.(1) (lit.) dust,dirt; usually wet,staining dust D.II,19 (tiṇa+); Sn.662=PvA.116 (sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṃ khitto); It.83; Dhs.617 (dhūmo+).adj.<i>rāja°:</i> in sa° &#38; a° vāta Vin.II,209; Vism.31.The meaning “pollen” [Sk.raja,m.] may be seen in “raja-missakaṃ rasaṃ” at DhA.I,375.‹-› 2.(fig.) stain,dirt,defilement,impurity.Thus taken conventionally by the P.commentators as the 3--fold blemish of man’s character:<i>rāga</i>,<i> dosa</i>,<i> moha</i>,e.g.Nd<sup>1</sup> 505; SnA 255; DhA.III,485; or as <i>kilesa-raja</i> at SnA 479.-- Sn.207 (niketā jāyate rajo),334,665 (rajaṃ ākirasi,metaph.),974 (pañca rajāni loke,viz.the excitement caused by the 5 bāhirāni āyatanāni Nd<sup>1</sup> 505.Also in stanza rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati (with <i>dosa </i>&<i> moha</i> the same) Nd<sup>1</sup> 505=Nd<sup>2</sup> 590 (slightly diff.)=J.I,117=Vism.388,cp.Divy 491 with interesting variation.-- adj.<i>raja°</i> in two phrases <i>apagata°</i> VvA.236 &#38; <i>vigata°</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 505 ≈ free from defilement.-- On raja in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,126.Cp.<i>vi°</i>.-- C.Compounds.(a) <i>rajo-:°jalla</i> dust and (wet) dirt,muddy dirt D.II,18; Vin.III,70; J.IV,322; V,241; Miln.133,195,258,410; SnA 248,291.<i>--jallika</i> living in dirty mud,designation of a class of ascetics M.I,281; J.I,390.<i>--dhātu</i> “dust-element” (doubtful trsl<sup>n</sup>) D.I,54,which DA.I,163 expl<sup>ns</sup> as “raja-okiṇṇa-ṭṭhānāni,” i.e.dusty places.Dial.trsl.“places where dust accumulates,” Franke,Dīgha p.57 as “Staubiges” but rightly sees a deeper,speculative meaning in the expression (Sāṅkhya doctrine of rajas?).<i>--mala</i> dust &#38; dirt J.I,24.<i>--vajalla</i> [this expression is difficult to explain.It may simply be a condensed phrase rajo’va jalla,or a redupl.cpd.<i>rajo+avajalla</i>,which was spelt raj-ovajalla for ava° because of rajo,or represents a contamination of <i>raj-avajalla</i> and <i>raj-ojalla</i>,or it is a metric diaeresis of rajo-jalla] dust and dirt Dh.141 (=kaddama-limpan’ākārena sarīre sannicita-rajo DhA.III,77).<i>--haraṇa</i> dirt-taking,cleaning; wet rag,floor-cloth,duster Vin.II,291; A.IV,376; J.I,117; DhA.I,245.-- (b) <i>raja-:--reṇu</i> dirt and dust J.IV,362; <i>--vaḍḍhana</i> indulgence in or increase of defilement Th.2,343 (“fleshly lusts” trsl.); ThA.240 (=rāga-raj’ādi-saṁvaḍḍhana).-- (c) <i>rajā-:°patha</i> dusty place,dustiness,dust-hole D.I,62,250; S.II,219; DA.I,180 (here taken metaphorically:rāga-raj’ādīnaṁ uṭṭhāna-ṭṭhānaṁ).-- (d) <i>rajas-:°sira</i> with dusty head Sn.980; J.IV,184,362,371.See paṅkadanta.-- (e) <i>raj-:--°agga</i> a heap of dust,dirt J.V,187 (=rajakkhandha C.); fig.=kilesa Pug.65,68 (here perhaps nt.of a distorted rajakkha? So Kern,Toev.s.v.).<i>--°upavāhana</i> taking away the dust (or dirt) Sn.391,392.(Page 562),4,1
  10662. 373370,en,15,rajula,rājula,Rājula,Rājula,[cp.Sk.rājila] a certain reptile Abhp 651.(Page 570),6,1
  10663. 373449,en,15,rakkha,rakkha,Rakkha,Rakkha,(adj.) (-°) [fr.base <em>rakkh</em>] guarding or to be guarded; -- (a) act.:<i>dhamma°</i> guardian of righteousness or truth Miln.344.-- (b) pass.:in cpd.<i>dū°</i>,v.l.du° hard to guard DhA.I,295.°kathā,s.l.rukkha-°,warding talk ThA.1,in Brethren,185,cp.note 416.(Page 560),6,1
  10664. 373460,en,15,rakkha,rakkhā,Rakkhā,Rakkhā,(f.) [verb-noun fr.<em>rakkh</em>] shelter,protection,care A.II,73 (+parittā); Mhvs 25,3; J.I,140 (bahūhi rakkhāhi <i>rakkhiyamāna</i>); PvA.198 (°ṁ saṁvidahati).Often in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>rakkhā+āvaraṇa</i> (+gutti) shelter &#38; defence,e.g.at Vin.II,194; D.I,61 (dhammikaṁ r.-v.‹-› guttiṁ saṁvidaheyyāma); M.II,101; J.IV,292.-- Cp.<i>gorakkhā</i>.-- Note.<i>rakkhā</i> at J.III,144 is an old misreading for <i>rukkhā</i>.(Page 561),6,1
  10665. 373476,en,15,rakkhaka,rakkhaka,Rakkhaka,Rakkhaka,(adj.n.) [fr.rakkha] 1.guarding,protecting,watching,taking care PvA.7; f.<i>°ikā</i> (dāsī) DhA.IV,103 (a servant watching the house).-- 2.observing,keeping J.I,205 (sīla°).-- 3.a cultivator J.II,110.-- 4.a sentry J.I,332.(Page 560),8,1
  10666. 373503,en,15,rakkhana,rakkhana,Rakkhana,Rakkhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>rakkh</em>] 1.keeping,protection,guarding Nett 41; Mhvs 35,72 (rahassa°-atthāya so that he should keep the secret); PvA.7.-- 2.observance,keeping VvA.71 (uposatha-sīla°); PvA.102 (sīla°),210 (uposatha°).(Page 560),8,1
  10667. 373519,en,15,rakkhanaka,rakkhanaka,Rakkhanaka,Rakkhanaka,(adj.) [fr.rakkhana] observing,keeping; one who observes J.I,228 (pañca-sīla°; so read for rakkhānaka).(Page 560),10,1
  10668. 373610,en,15,rakkhasa,rakkhasa,Rakkhasa,Rakkhasa,[cp.Vedic rakṣa,either fr.<em>rakṣ</em> to injure,or more likely fr.<em>rakṣ</em> to protect or ward off (see details at Macdonell,Vedic Mythology pp.162--164)] a kind of harmful (nocturnal) demon,usually making the water its haunt and devouring men Th.1,931; Sn.310 (Asura°); J.I,127 (daka°=udaka°),170 (id.); VI,469 (id.); DhA.I,367 (°pariggahita-pokkharaṇī); III,74 (udaka°); Sdhp.189,313,366.-- f.<i>rakkhasī</i> J.III,147 (r.pajā); Mhvs 12,45 (rudda°,coming out of the ocean).(Page 560),8,1
  10669. 373651,en,15,rakkhati,rakkhati,Rakkhati,Rakkhati,[Vedic raksati,<em>rakṣ</em> to Idg.<i>*ark</i> (cp.Lat.arceo etc.) in enlarged form <i>*aleq</i>=Gr.a)lέcw to protect (Alexander!); a)lkή strength; Ags.ealgian to protect,Goth.alhs=Ags.ealh temple.Cp.also base <i>*areq</i> in P.aggala.The Dhtp 18 expl<sup>s</sup> <i>rakkh</i> by “pālana”] 1.to protect,shelter,save,preserve Sn.220; J.IV,255 (maṁ rakkheyyātha); VI,589 (=pāleti); Pv.II,9<sup>43</sup> (dhanaṁ); Miln.166 (rukkhaṁ),280 (attānaṁ rakkheyya save himself); PvA.7.-- grd.<i>rakkhiya</i> to be protected Mhvs 33,45.Neg.<i>arakkhiya </i>&<i> arakkheyya</i> (in meaning 3) see separately.-- Pass.ppr.<i>rakkhiyamāna</i> J.I,140.-- 2.to observe,guard,take care of,control (with ref.to <i>cittaṁ</i> the heart,and <i>sīlaṁ</i> good character or morals) It.67 (sīlaṁ); DhA.I,295 (cittaṁ <i>rakkha</i>,equivalent with cittaṁ dama),397 (ācāraṁ); J.IV,255 (vācaṁ); VvA.59 (sīlāni rakkhi); PvA.66 (sīlaṁ rakkhatha,uposathaṁ karotha).-- 3.to keep (a) secret,to put away,to guard against (i.e.to keep away from) Sn.702 (mano-padosaṁ rakkheyya); Miln.170 (vacīduccaritaṁ rakkheyya).-- pp.<i>rakkhita</i>.See also <i>parīpāleti </i>&<i> parirakkhati</i>.(Page 560),8,1
  10670. 373711,en,15,rakkhita,rakkhita,Rakkhita,Rakkhita,[pp.of rakkhati] guarded,protected,saved S.IV,112 (rakkhitena kāyena,rakkhitāya vācāya etc.); A.I,7 (cittaṁ r.); Sn.288 (dhamma°),315 (gottā°); VvA.72 (mātu°,pitu° etc.); PvA.61,130.-- Note.<i>rakkhitaṁ karoti</i> at Mhvs 28,43 Childers trsl<sup>s</sup> “take under protection,” but Geiger reads <i>rakkhike</i> and trsl<sup>s</sup> “appoint as watchers.”<br><br> <i>--atta</i> one who guards his character S.I,154; J.I,412; SnA 324.<i>--indriya</i> guarding one’s senses Sn.697.<i>--mānasāna</i> guarding one’s mind Sn.63 (=gopitamānasāno-rakkhita-citto Nd<sup>2</sup> 535).(Page 561),8,1
  10671. 373840,en,15,rama,rama,Rama,Rama,(-°) (adj.) [fr.<em>ram</em>] delighting,enjoyable; only in cpd.<i>dū°</i> (=duḥ) difficult to enjoy,not fit for pleasures; as nt.absence of enjoyment Dh.87=S.V,24; and <i>mano°</i> gladdening the mind (q.v.).(Page 565),4,1
  10672. 373848,en,15,rama,rāma,Rāma,Rāma,[fr.<em>ram</em><i>;</i> cp.Vedic rāma] pleasure,sport,amusement; <i>°kara</i> having pleasure,sporting,making love J.V,448.(Page 570),4,1
  10673. 373886,en,15,ramana,ramaṇa,Ramaṇa,Ramaṇa,(adj.) [fr.ramati; cp.Sk.ramaṇa] pleasing,charming,delightful DhA.II,202 (°ṭṭhāna).(Page 565),6,1
  10674. 373900,en,15,ramanaka,ramaṇaka,Ramaṇaka,Ramaṇaka,(adj.)=<i>ramaṇa</i> J.III,207.(Page 565),8,1
  10675. 373916,en,15,ramaneyyaka,rāmaṇeyyaka,Rāmaṇeyyaka,Rāmaṇeyyaka,(adj.nt.) [orig.grd.of rāmeti,<i>ram</i>,cp.Sk.rāmaṇīya.On e for ī see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 10] pleasant,agreeable,lovely A.I,35,37; Dh.98 (=ramaṇīya DhA.III,195); nt.delightfulness,lovely scenery M.I,365 (four seen in a dream:ārāma°,vana°,bhūmi° pokkharaṇī°).(Page 570),11,1
  10676. 373950,en,15,ramaniya,ramaṇīya,Ramaṇīya,Ramaṇīya,( &#38; °nīya) (adj.) [grd.of ramati] delightful,pleasing,charming,pleasant,beautiful D.I,47 (°ṇīyā dosinā ratti,cp.DA.I,141); Sn.1013; Mhvs 15,69 (ṇ); PvA.42,51 (expl<sup>n</sup> for rucira).As <i>ramaṇeyya</i> at S.I,233.Cp.rāmaṇeyya(ka).(Page 565),8,1
  10677. 374021,en,15,ramati,ramati,Ramati,Ramati,[<i>ram;</i> def<sup>d</sup> by Dhtp 224 &#38; Dhtm 318 by “kīḷāyaṁ”] 1.to enjoy oneself,to delight in; to sport,find amusement in (Loc.) S.I,179; Vin 197 (ariyo na r.pāpe); Sn.985 (jhāne); Dh.79 (ariya-ppavedite dhamme sadā r.paṇḍito); subj.1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>ramāmase</i> Th.2,370 (cp.Geiger,P.Gr.126); med.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>rame</i> J.V,363; imper.<i>rama</i> Pv.II,12<sup>20</sup> (r.deva mayā saha; better with v.l.as ramma); -- fut.<i>ramissati</i> PvA.153.-- ger.<i>ramma</i> Pv.II,12<sup>20</sup> (v.l.for rama).grd.<i>ramma </i>&<i> ramanīya</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>rata</i>.-- Caus.I.<i>rameti</i> to give pleasure to,to please,to fondle Th.1,13; J.V,204; VI,3 (pp.ramayamāna); Miln.313.-- pp.<i>ramita</i> (q.v.).‹-› Caus.II.<i>ramāpeti</i> to enjoy oneself J.VI,114.(Page 565),6,1
  10678. 374049,en,15,rambati,rambati,Rambati,Rambati,( &#38; lambati)<i> </i>[<em>lamb</em>] to hang down.Both forms are given with meaning “avasaṁsane” at Dhtp 198 and Dhtm 283.(Page 565),7,1
  10679. 374059,en,15,rambha,rambhā,Rambhā,Rambhā,(f.) [Sk.rambhā] a plantain or banana tree Abhp 589.(Page 565),6,1
  10680. 374108,en,15,ramita,ramita,Ramita,Ramita,[pp.of rameti] having enjoyed,enjoying,taking delight in,amusing oneself with (Loc.or saha) Sn.709 (vanante r.siyā); Dh.305 (id.=abhirata DhA.III,472); Pv.II,12<sup>21</sup> (‘mhi tayā saha).(Page 565),6,1
  10681. 374138,en,15,ramma,ramma,Ramma,Ramma,(adj.) [grd.of ramati] enjoyable,charming,beautiful Sn.305; ThA.71 (v.30); Mhvs 1,73; 14,47; Sdhp.248,512.(Page 565),5,1
  10682. 374153,en,15,rammaka,rammaka,Rammaka,Rammaka,(adj.) [Sk ramyaka] N.of the month Chaitra J.V,63.(Page 565),7,1
  10683. 374188,en,15,ramsi,raṁsi,Raṁsi,Raṁsi, &#38; Rasmi [Vedic raśmi.The form <i>raṁsi</i> is the proper Pali form,originating fr.raśmi through metathesis like amhi for asmi,tamhā for tasmā etc.Cp.Geiger P.Gr.§ 50<sup>2</sup>.The form rasmi is a Sanskritism and later] a rein,a ray.-- 1.In meaning “rein” only as <i>rasmi</i>,viz.at M.I,124; Dh.222; J.I,57; IV,149.-- 2.In meaning “ray” both <i>raṁsi</i> and <i>rasmi:</i> (a) <i>raṁsi</i> (in poetry) Sn.1016 (vīta°? perhaps pīta°? See note in P.T.S.ed.); Vv 53<sup>5</sup> (pl.raṁsī=rasmiyo VvA.236); 63<sup>27</sup> (sahassa° having a thousand rays;=suriya VvA.268); Sdhp.124.Also in cpd.<i>raṁsi-jāla</i> a blaze of rays J.I,89; PvA.154; VvA.12 (°sammujjala),14 (id.),166 (id.).-- (b) <i>rasmi</i> (in prose,late) DhA.I,27 (°ṁ vissajjesi); DhsA.13 (nīla-rasmiyo); VvA.125 (candima-suriya°).Also in cpd.buddha-rasmi the ray of enlightenment,the halo around a Buddha,consisting of 6 colours (chabbaṇṇa) J.I,444,501 (°rasmiyo vissajjento); SnA 132; VvA.207,234,323; Mhbv 6,15,38.(Page 560),5,1
  10684. 374212,en,15,ramsika,raṁsika,Raṁsika,Raṁsika,(adj.) [raṁsi+ka] having rays,radiant,in <i>sahassa°</i> having 1000 rays Vv 64<sup>5</sup> (=suriya-maṇḍala viya VvA.277).(Page 560),7,1
  10685. 374222,en,15,ramsimant,raṁsimant,Raṁsimant,Raṁsimant,(adj.) [fr.raṁsi] having rays,radiant; n.sg.<i>raṁsimā</i> the sun Vv 81<sup>2</sup> (=suriya VvA.314).(Page 560),9,1
  10686. 374257,en,15,rana,raṇa,Raṇa,Raṇa,[Vedic raṇa,both “enjoyment,” and “battle.” The Dhtp (115) only knows of <i>ran</i> as a sound-base saddatthā (=Sk.<i>ran<sup>2</sup></i> to tinkle)] fight,battle; only in Th.2,360 (raṇaṁ karitvā kāmānaṁ):see discussed below; also late at Mhvs 35,69 (Subharājaṁ raṇe hantvā).-- 2.intoxication,desire,sin,fault.This meaning is the Buddhist development of Vedic raṇa= enjoyment.Various influences have played a part in determining the meaning &#38; its expl<sup>n</sup> in the scholastic terms of the dogmatists and exegetics.It is often expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>pāpa</i> or <i>rāga</i>.The Ṭīkā on DhsA.50 (see Expos.67) gives the foll.expl<sup>ns</sup> (late &#38; speculative):(a)=reṇu,dust or mist of lust etc.; (b) fight,war (against the Paths); (c) pain,anguish &#38; distress.-- The trsl<sup>n</sup> (Expos.67) takes raṇa as “cause of grief,” or “harm,” hence <i>araṇa</i> “harmless” and <i>saraṇa</i> “harmful” (the latter trsl<sup>d</sup> as “concomitant with war” by Dhs.trsl.of Dhs.1294; and <i>asaraṇa</i> as opp.“not concomitant”; doubtful).At S.I,148 (rūpe raṇaṁ disvā) it is almost syn.with raja.Bdhgh.expl<sup>s</sup> this passage (see K.S.320) as “rūpamhi jāti-jarā-bhaṅga-saṅkhātaṁ dosaṁ,” trsl<sup>n</sup> (K.S.186):“discerning canker in visible objects material.”<br><br> The term is not sufficiently cleared yet.At Th.2,358 we read “(kāmā) appassādā <i>raṇakarā</i> sukkapakkha-visosanā,” and v.360 reads “raṇaṁ karitvā kāmānaṁ.” ThA.244 expl<sup>s</sup> v 358 by “rāg’ādi sambandhanato”; v.360 by “kāmānaṁ raṇaṁ te ca mayā kātabbaṁ ariyamaggaṁ sampahāraṁ katvā.” The first is evidently “grief,” the second “fight,” but the trsl<sup>n</sup> (Sisters 145) gives “stirring strife” for v.358,and “fight with worldly lusts” for v.360; whereas Kern,Toev.s.v.raṇakara gives “causing sinful desire” as trsl.<br><br> The word <i>araṇa</i> (see araṇa<sup>2</sup>) was regarded as neg.of raṇa in both meanings (1 &#38; 2); thus either “freedom fr.passion” or “not fighting.” The trsl<sup>n</sup> of DhsA.50 (Expos.67) takes it in a slightly diff.sense as “harmless” (i.e.having no grievous causes) -- At M.III,235 araṇa is a quâsi summing up of “adukkha an-upaghāta anupāyāsa etc.,” and <i>saraṇa</i> of their positives.Here a meaning like “harmfulness” &#38; “harmlessness” seems to be fitting.Other passages of <i>araṇa</i> see under <i>araṇa</i>.<br><br> <i>--jaha</i> (raṇañjaha) giving up desires or sin,leaving <i>causes</i> of harmfulness behind.The expression is old and stereotype.It has caused trouble among interpreters:Trenckner would like to read <i>raṇañjaya</i> “victorious in battle” (Notes 83).It is also BSk.,e.g.Lal.Vist.50; AvŚ II.131 (see Speyer’s note 3 on this page.He justifies trsl<sup>n</sup> “pacifier,peace-maker”).At foll.passages:S.I,52 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “quitting corruption”); It.108 (Seidenstücker trsl<sup>s</sup>:“dem Kampfgewühl entronnen”); Miln.21; Nett 54; Sdhp.493,569.(Page 562),4,1
  10687. 374294,en,15,randha,randha,Randha,Randha,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.randhra,fr.randhati 1; the P.form viâ *randdha:see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 581] opening,cleft,open spot; flaw,defect,weak spot A.IV,25; Sn.255,826 randhamesin looking for somebody’s weak spot; cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 165 (“virandham° aparandham° khalitam° gaḷitam° vivaram-esī ti”); J.II,53; III,192; SnA 393 (+vivara); DhA.III,376,377 (°gavesita).(Page 565),6,1
  10688. 374295,en,15,randha,randha,Randha,Randha,<sup>1</sup> [for Sk.raddha,pp.of randhati 2] cooked J.V,505; VI,24; Miln.107.(Page 565),6,1
  10689. 374318,en,15,randhaka,randhaka,Randhaka,Randhaka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.randhati 2] one who cooks,cooking,a cook J.IV,431 (bhatta°).(Page 565),8,1
  10690. 374334,en,15,randhati,randhati,Randhati,Randhati,[<em>radh</em> or <em>randh</em>,differentiated in Pāli to 2 meanings &#38; 2 verbs according to Dhtm:“hiṁsāyaṁ” (148),and “pāke” (827).In the former sense given as raṇḍ,in the latter <em>randh</em>.The root is freq.in the Vedas,in meaning 1.It belongs perhaps to Ags.rendan to rend:see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s,v.lumbus] to be or make subject to,(intrs.) to be in one’s power; (trs.) to harass,oppress,vex,hurt (mostly Caus.<i>randheti</i>=Sk.randhayati).Only in Imper.<i>randhehi</i> J.I,332,and in Prohib.<i>mā randhayi</i> J.V,121,and pl.<i>mā randhayuṁ</i> Dh.248 (=mā randhantu mā mathantu DhA.III,357).See also <i>randha<sup>2</sup></i>.-- 2.to cook (cp.Sk.randhi &#38; randhana) Miln.107 (bhojanaṁ randheyya).-- pp.<i>randha<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 565),8,1
  10691. 374371,en,15,ranga,raṅga,Raṅga,Raṅga,<sup>2</sup> [fr.<em>raj</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,irajyati,to straighten,order,direct etc.:see uju.The Dhtp (27) only gives one <i>raj</i> in meaning “gamana”] a stage,theatre,dancing place,playhouse Vv 33<sup>1</sup>; J.II,252.--<i>raṅgaṁ karoti</i> to play theatre DhA.IV,62.--<i>raṅgamajjha</i> the stage,the theatre,usually in Loc.<i>°majjhe</i>,on the stage,S.IV,306; J.IV,495; DhA.III,79; same with <i>°maṇḍale</i> J.II,253. <i>Racati </i>[<em>rac</em>,later Sk.] to arrange,prepare,compose.The root is defined at Dhtp 546 by “paṭiyattane” (with v.l.<i>car</i>),and given at No.542 as v.l.of <em>pac</em> in meaning “vitthāre.” -- pp.<i>racita</i>.(Page 561),5,1
  10692. 374372,en,15,ranga,raṅga,Raṅga,Raṅga,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>raj</em><i><sup>1</i>,<i></sup></i> rajati,to be coloured or to have colour] colour,paint Miln.11 (°palibodha).<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> dyer Miln.331.<i>--jāta</i> colour M.I,385; VbhA.331.<i>--ratta</i> dyed crimson Vin.I,185=306.(Page 561),5,1
  10693. 374434,en,15,ranjana,rañjana,Rañjana,Rañjana,(nt.) [fr.rañjati] delighting,finding pleasure,excitement DhsA.363 (rañjan’aṭṭhena rāgo; v.l.rajano°; perhaps better to be read rajjana°).(Page 562),7,1
  10694. 374466,en,15,ranjati,rañjati,Rañjati,Rañjati,[<em>rañj</em><i>=</i><em>raj</em><i>:</i> see rajati &#38; rajjati -- Dhtp 66 &#38; 398 defines rañja=rāge] 1.to colour,dye J.I,220.‹-› 2.(=rajjati) to find delight in,to be excited Sn.424 (ettha me r.mano; v.l.BB rajjati).-- Caus.<i>rañjeti</i> to delight or make glad D.III,93 (in etym.of rājā (q.v.).-- pp <i>rañjita</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>rañjāpeti</i> to cause to be coloured or dyed DhA.IV,106 (v.l.raj°).(Page 562),7,1
  10695. 374504,en,15,ranjita,rañjita,Rañjita,Rañjita,[pp.of rañjeti] coloured,soiled,in <i>raja°</i> affected with stain,defiled J.I,117.-- See also <i>anu° </i>&<i> pari°</i>.(Page 562),7,1
  10696. 374551,en,15,rapati,rapati,Rapati,Rapati,[<em>rap</em>] to chatter,whisper Dhtp 187 (“vacane”); Dhtm 266 (“akkose”).See also <i>lapati</i>.(Page 565),6,1
  10697. 374566,en,15,rasa,rasa,Rasa,Rasa,<sup>2</sup> (-°) is a dial.form of <i>°dasa</i> ten,and occurs in Classic Pāli only in the numerals for 13 (terasa),15 (paṇṇa-rasa,pannarasa),17 (sattarasa) &#38; 18 (aṭṭhārasa,late).The Prk.has gone further:see Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 245.(Page 567),4,1
  10698. 374567,en,15,rasa,rasa,Rasa,Rasa,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic rasa; with Lat.ros “dew,” Lith.rasā id.,and Av Ranhā N.of a river,to Idg.<i>*eres</i> to flow,as in Sk.arṣati,Gr.a]/yorros (to r(έw); also Sk.ṛṣabha:see usabha<sup>1</sup>.-- Dhtp 325 defines as “<i>assādane</i>” 629 as <i>“assāda-snehanesu”;</i> Dhtm 451 as “assāde.” -- The decl.is usually as regular a-stem,but a secondary Instr.fr.an s-stem is to be found in <i>rasasā</i> by taste A.II,63; J.III,328) that which is connected with the sense of taste.The def<sup>n</sup> given at Vism.447 is as follows:“jivhā-paṭihanana-lakkhaṇo raso,jivhā-viññāṇassa visaya-bhāvo raso,tass’eva gocara-paccupaṭṭhāno,mūla-raso khandha-raso ti ādinā nayena anekavidho,” i.e.rasa is physiologically &#38; psychologically peculiar to the tongue (sense-object &#38; sense-perception),and also consists as a manifold object in extractions from roots,trunk etc.(see next).-- The conventional encyclopædic def<sup>n</sup> of <i>rasa</i> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 240; Nd<sup>2</sup> 540,Dhs.629 gives taste according to:(a) the 6--fold objective source as <i>mūla-</i>rasa,<i>khandha°</i>,<i> taca°</i>,<i> patta°</i>,<i> puppha°</i>,<i> phala°</i>,or taste (i.e.juice,liquid) of root,trunk,bark,leaf,flower &#38; fruit; and -- (b) the 12--fold subjective (physiological) sense-perception as <i>ambila</i>,<i> madhura</i>,<i> tittika</i>,<i> kaṭuka loṇika</i>,<i> khārika</i>,<i> lambila</i> (Miln.56:ambila),<i>kasāva; sādu</i>,<i> asādu</i>,<i> sīta</i>,<i> uṇha</i>,or sour,sweet,bitter,pungent,salt,alkaline,sour,astringent; pleasant,unpleasant,cold &#38; hot.Miln.56 has the foll.:<i>ambila</i>,<i> lavaṇa</i>,<i> tittaka</i>,kaṭuka,kasāya,madhura.-- 1.juice [as applied in the Veda to the Soma juice],e.g.in the foll.comb<sup>ns</sup>:<i>ucchu°</i> of sugar cane,extract of sugar,cane syrup Vin.I,246; VvA.180; <i>patta° </i>&<i> puppha°</i> of leaf &#38; flower Vin.I,246; <i>madhura°</i> of honey PvA.119.-- 2.taste as (objective) quality,the sense-object of taste (cp.above def<sup>ns</sup>).In the list of the <i>āyatanas</i>,or senses with their complementary sense-objects (sentient and sensed) <i>rasa</i> occupies the 4<sup>th</sup> place,following upon <i>gandha</i>.It is stated that one tastes (or “senses”) taste with the tongue (no reference to palate):<i>jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā</i> (or <i>viññeyya</i>).See also <i>āyatana</i> 3 and rūpa.-- M.III,55 (jivhā-viññeyya r.),267; D.III,244,250; Sn.387; Dhs.609; PvA.50 (vaṇṇagandha-rasa-sampanna bhojana:see below 5).-- 3.sense of taste,as quality &#38; personal accomplishment.Thus in the list of senses marking superiority (the 10 ādhipateyyas or ṭhāṇas),similar to rasa as special distinction of the Mahāpurisa (see cpd.ras-agga) S.IV,275 =Pv.II,9<sup>58</sup>; A.IV,242.-- 4.object or act of enjoyment,sensual stimulus,material enjoyment,pleasure (usually in pl.) Sn.65 (rasesu gedha,see materialistic exegesis at Nd<sup>2</sup> 540),854 (rase na anugijjhati; perhaps better <i>rasesu</i>,as SnA); A.III,237 (puriso agga°-parititto:perhaps to No.2).-- 5.flavour and its substance (or substratum),e.g.soup VvA.243 (kakkaṭaka° crabsoup),cp.S.V,149,where 8 soup flavours are given (ambila,tittaka,kaṭuka,madhura,khārika,akhārika,loṇika,aloṇika); Pv.II,1<sup>15</sup> (aneka-rasa-vyañjana “with exceptionally flavoured sauce”); J.V,459,465.<i>gorasa</i> “flavour of cow,i.e.produce of cow:see under go.Also metaphorically:“flavour,relish,pleasure”:Sn.257 (pariveka°,dhamma-pīṭi°,cp.SnA 299 “assād’aṭṭhena” i.e.tastiness); PvA.287 (vimutti° relish of salvation).So also as <i>attha°</i>,<i> dhamma°</i>,<i> vimutti°</i> Ps.II,89.-- 6.(in grammar &#38; style) essential property,elegance,brightness; in dramatic art “sentiment” (flavour) (see Childers s.v.naṭya-rasa) Miln.340 (with opamma and lakkhaṇa:perhaps to No.7); PvA.122 (°rasa as ending in Np.Aṅgīrasa,expl<sup>d</sup> as jutiyā adhivacanaṁ,“ i.e.brightness,excellency).-- 7.at t.t.in philosophy “essential property” (Expos.84),comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>lakkhaṇa</i> etc.(cp.Cpd.13,213),either <i>kicca°</i> function or <i>sampatti°</i> property DhsA.63,249; Vism.8,448; Miln.148.-- 8.fine substance,semi-solid semiliquid substance,extract,delicacy,fineness,dust.Thus in <i>paṭhavī°</i> “essence of earth,” humus S.I,134 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “taste of earth,” rather abstract); or <i>rasapaṭhavī</i> earth as dust or in great fineness,“primitive earth” (before taking solid shape) D.III,86 sq.(trsl.“savoury earth,” not quite clear),opp.to bhūmipappaṭaka; Vism.418; <i>pabbata-rasa</i> mountain extract,rock-substance J.III,55; <i>suvaṇṇa°</i> gold dust J.I,93.‹-› 9.(adj.--°) tasting Vv 16<sup>11</sup> (Amatarasā f.=nibbānarasāvinī VvA.85).<br><br> <i>--agga</i> finest quality (of taste),only in further comp<sup>n</sup> with °aggita (ras-agga-s-aggita) most delicate sense trsl<sup>n</sup> Dial.) D.III,167,and °aggin (ras-agga-s-aggin,cp.MVastu II.306:rasa-ras’âgrin) of the best quality (of taste,cp.above 2),said of the Mahāpurisa D.II,18= III,144 (cp.trsl<sup>n</sup> Dial.II.15 “his taste is supremely acute”).The phrase &#38; its wording are still a little doubtful.Childers gives etym.of rasaggas-aggin as rasa-ggas-aggin,ggas representing <i>gras</i> to swallow (not otherwise found in Pāli!),and expl<sup>s</sup> the BSk.ras’âgrin as a distortion of the P.form.<i>--añjana</i> a sort of ointment (among 5 kinds),“vitriol” (Rh.D.) Vin.I,203.<i>--âda</i> enjoying the objects of taste M.III,168.<i>--āyatana</i> the sphere of taste D.III,243,290; Dhs.629,653,1195 (insert after gandha°,see Dhs.trsl.319).<i>--ārammaṇa</i> object of taste Dhs.12,147,157.<i>--āsā</i> craving for tastes Dhs.1059.<i>--garuka</i> bent on enjoyment SnA 107.<i>--taṇhā</i> thirst for taste,lust of sensual enjoyment D.III,244,280; J.V,293; Dhs.1059; DhA.IV,196.<i>--saññā</i> perception of tastes D.III,244 (where also °sañcetanā).<i>--haraṇī</i> (f.) [ph.°haraṇiyo,in comp<sup>n</sup> haraṇi°] taste-conductor,taste-receiver; the salivary canals of the mouth or the nerves of sensation; these are in later literature given as numbering 7000,e.g.at J.V,293 (khobhetvā phari); DhA.I,134 (anuphari); KhA 51 (only as 7!); SnA 107 (paṭhama-kabaḷe mukhe pakkhitta-matte satta rasa-haraṇi-sahassāni amaten’eva phutāni ahesuṁ).Older passages are:Vin.II,137; D.III,167 (referring to the Mahāpurisa:“sampajjasā r-haranī susaṇṭhitā,” trsl<sup>n</sup>:erect taste-bearers planted well [in throat]).(Page 566),4,1
  10699. 374683,en,15,rasaka,rasaka,Rasaka,Rasaka,[fr.rasa,cp.Classic Sk.rasaka] a cook J.V,460,461,507.(Page 567),6,1
  10700. 374819,en,15,rasati,rasati,Rasati,Rasati,[<em>ras</em>] to shout,howl J.II,407 (vv.ll.rayati,vasati; C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “nadati”)=IV.346 (v.l.sarati).(Page 567),6,1
  10701. 374824,en,15,rasatta,rasatta,Rasatta,Rasatta,(nt.) [fr.rasa] taste,sweetness SnA 299.(Page 567),7,1
  10702. 374845,en,15,rasavati,rasavatī,Rasavatī,Rasavatī,(f.) [rasa+vant] “possessing flavours” i.e.a kitchen Vin.I,140.(Page 567),8,1
  10703. 374859,en,15,rasavin,rasāvin,Rasāvin,Rasāvin,(adj.[fr.rasa] tasting VvA.85 (nibbāna°).(Page 567),7,1
  10704. 374896,en,15,rasi,rāsi,Rāsi,Rāsi,[Vedic rāśi] 1.heap,quantity,mass It.17; usually --°,e.g.<i>aṅgāra°</i> heap of cinders J.I,107; <i>kaṇikārapuppha°</i> of k.flowers VvA.65; <i>kahāpaṇa°</i> of money PvA.162,<i>tila°</i> of seeds VvA.54; <i>dhañña°</i> of corn A.IV,163,170; etc.--<i>rāsiṁ karoti</i> to make a heap,to pile up Mhvs 29,28; VvA.157.-- 2.(store of) wealth,riches; in <i>°agga-dāna</i> gift of the best treasures (of one’s property),one of the 5 “donations of the best,” viz.khett°,rās°,koṭṭh°,kumbhi°,bhojan°:SnA 270.See also <i>°vaḍḍhaka</i> -- 3.a sign of the Zodiac (the 12,as given at Abhp 61 are:mesa,usabha,methuna,kakkata,sīha,kaññā,tulā,vicchikā,dhanu,makara,kumbha,mīna; or the ram,bull,twins,crab,lion,virgin,balance,scorpion bow,capricorn,waterpot,fish) PvA.198.-- 4.(fig.) at t.t.in logic:group,aggregate,category,congery; freq.in Abhidhamma-literature,where 3 “accumulations” are spoken of,viz.micchatta-niyato rāsi,sammatta-niyato r.,anivato r.or “wrong doing entailing immutable evil results,that of well-doing entailing immutable good results,and that of everything not so determined” (Dialogues III,210); D.III,217; Kvu 611; Nett 96; cp.Kvu trsl.356 Dhs.trsl.26,253.In the 5 factors of individuality (body and mind) khandhā are explained as meaning rāsi,e.g.Asl.141; B.Psy.42.In other connections:S.V,146 (kusala°,akusala°),186; A.III,65 (akusala°); Tikp 45.-- Note.In BSk.we find only 2 of the 3 categories mentioned at MVastu I.175,viz.mithyātvaniyato &#38; aniyato rāśih.<br><br> <i>--vaḍḍhaka</i> one who increases wealth,i.e.a treasurer D.I,61 (trsl<sup>n</sup>:“increases the king’s wealth”; DA.I,170 simply defines “dhañña-rāsiñ ca dhana-rāsiñ ca vaḍḍhetī ti r.v.”); J.I,2; Mhbv 78.(Page 570),4,1
  10705. 374928,en,15,rasika,rāsika,Rāsika,Rāsika,(nt.) [fr.rāsi] revenue,fisc D.I,135.(Page 571),6,1
  10706. 374999,en,15,rasiyati,rasīyati,Rasīyati,Rasīyati,[Pass.-Demon.-formation fr.rasa] to find taste or satisfaction in (Gen.),to delight in,to be pleased A.IV,387 (bhāsitassa),388 (C.:tussati,see p.470).(Page 567),8,1
  10707. 375007,en,15,rasmi,rasmi,Rasmi,Rasmi,see <i>raṁsi</i>.(Page 567),5,1
  10708. 375051,en,15,rassa,rassa,Rassa,Rassa,(adj.) [cp.Sk.hrasva:Geiger,P.Gr.§ 49<sup>2</sup>.The Prk.forms are rahassa &#38; hassa:Pischel § 354] short (opp.dīgha) D.I,193 (dīghā vā r.vā majjhimā ti vā),223 (in contrast with d.); Sn.633; Dh.409; J.I,356; Dhs.617; Vism.272 (def.); DhA.IV,184.-- Cp.<i>ati°</i>.<br><br> <i>--ādesa</i> reduction of the determination (here of vowel in ending) J.III,489.<i>--sarīra</i> (adj.) dwarfish,stunted J.I,356.(Page 567),5,1
  10709. 375125,en,15,rassatta,rassatta,Rassatta,Rassatta,(nt.) [fr.rassa] shortness,reduction (of vowel) DhsA.149.(Page 567),8,1
  10710. 375149,en,15,rata,rata,Rata,Rata,[pp.of ramati] delighting in (Loc.or --°),intent on,devoted to S.IV,117 (dhamme jhāne),389 sq.(bhava° etc.); Sn.54 (saṅgaṇika°) 212,250,327,330 (dhamme),461 (yaññe),737 (upasame); Mhvs.1,44 (mahākāruṇiko Satthā sabba-loka-hite rato); 32,84 (rato puññe); PvA.3,12,19 (°mānasa).(Page 563),4,1
  10711. 375164,en,15,ratana,ratana,Ratana,Ratana,<sup>2</sup> [most likely=Sk.aratni:see ratani] a linear measure (which Abhp p.23 gives as equal to 12 aṅgula,or 7 ratanas=1 yaṭṭhi:see Kirfel,Kosmographie,p.335.The same is given by Bdhgh.at VbhA.343:dve vidatthiyo ratanaṁ; satta r.yaṭṭhi) J.V,36 (vīsaṁr-sataṁ); VI,401 (°mattaṁ); VvA.321 (so given by Hardy in Index as “measure of length,” but to be taken as ratana<sup>1</sup>,as indicated clearly by context &#38; C.); Miln.282 (satta-patiṭṭhito aṭṭha-ratan’ubbedho nava-ratan’āyāma-pariṇāho pāsādiko dassanīyo Uposatho nāgarājā:alluding to ratana<sup>1</sup> 2!).(Page 563),6,1
  10712. 375165,en,15,ratana,ratana,Ratana,Ratana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Vedic ratna,gift; the BSk.form is ratna (Divy 26) as well as ratana (AvŚ II.199)] 1.(lit.) a gem,jewel VvA.321 (not=ratana<sup>2</sup>,as Hardy in Index); PvA.53 (nānāvidhāni).-- The 7 ratanas are enum<sup>d</sup> under veḷuriya (Miln.267).They are (the precious minerals) suvaṇṇa,rajata,muttā,maṇi,veḷuriya,vajira,pavāḷa.(So at Abhp 490.) These 7 are said to be used in the outfit of a ship to give it more splendour:J.II,112.The 7 (unspecified) are mentioned at Th.2,487 (satta ratanāni vasseyya vuṭṭhimā “all seven kinds of gems”); and at DhA.I,274,where it is said of a ratana-maṇḍapa that in it there were raised flags “sattaratana-mayā.” On <i>ratana</i> in similes see J.P.T.S.1909,127.-- 2.(fig.) treasure,gem of (-°) Sn.836 (etādisaṁ r.=dibb’itthi-ratana SnA 544); Miln.262 (dussa° a very fine garment).-- Usually as a set of 7 valuables,belonging to the throne (the empire) of a (world-) king.Thus at D.II,16 sq.; of Mahā-Sudassana D.II,172 sq.They are enum<sup>d</sup> singly as follows:the wheel (cakka) D.II,172 sq.,the elephant (hatthi,called Uposatha) D.II,174,187,197; the horse (assa,Valāhaka) ibid.; the gem (maṇi) D.II,175,187; the woman (itthi) ibid.; the treasurer (gahapati) D.II,176,188; the adviser (pariṇāyaka) ibid.The same 7 are enum<sup>d</sup> at D.I,89; Sn.p.106; DA.I,250; also at J.IV,232,where their origins (homes) are given as:cakka° out of Cakkadaha; hatthi from the Uposatha-race; assa° from the clan of Valāhassarāja,maṇi° from Vepulla,and the last 3 without specification.See also remarks on <i>gahapati</i>.Kern,Toev.s.v.ratana suspects the latter to be originally “major domus” (cp.his attributes as “wealthy” at MVastu I.108).As to the exact meaning of pariṇāyaka he is doubtful,which mythical tradition has obscured.-- The 7 (moral) ratanas at S.II,217 &#38; III,83 are probably the same as are given in detail at Miln.336,viz.the 5:sīla°,samādhi°,paññā°,vimutti°,vimutti-ñāṇadassana (also given under the collective name sīla-kkhandha or dhamma-kkhandha),to which are added the 2:paṭisambhidā° &#38; bojjhaṅga°.These 7 are probably meant at PvA.66,where it is said that Sakka “endowed their house with the 7 jewels” (sattar.-bharitaṁ katvā).-- Very frequent is a Triad of Gems (ratana-ttaya),consisting of Dhamma,Saṅgha,Buddha,or the Doctrine,the Church and the Buddha [cp.BSk.ratna-traya Divy 481],e.g.Mhvs 5,81; VbhA.284; VvA.123; PvA.1,49,141.<br><br> <i>--ākara</i> a pearl-mine,a mine of precious metals Th.1,1049; J.II,414; VI,459; Dpvs.I,18.<i>--kūṭa</i> a jewelled top DhA.I,159.<i>--paliveṭhana</i> a wrapper for a gem or jewel Pug.34.<i>--vara</i> the best of gems Sn.683 (=vararatana-bhūta SnA 486).<i>--sutta</i> the Suttanta of the (3) Treasures (viz.Dhamma,Saṅgha,Buddha),representing Sutta Nipāta II.1 (P.T.S.ed.pp.39--42),mentioned as a <i>parittā</i> at Vism.414 (with 4 others) and at Miln.150 (with 5 others),cp.KhA 63; SnA 201.(Page 563),6,1
  10713. 375282,en,15,ratanaka,ratanaka,Ratanaka,Ratanaka,(-°) (adj.) [ratana+ka,the ending belonging to the whole cpd.] characteristic of a gem,or a king’s treasure; in phrase <i>aniggata-ratanake</i> “When the treasure has not gone out” Vin.IV,160,where the chief queen is meant with “treasure.” (Page 563),8,1
  10714. 375698,en,15,ratani,ratani,Ratani,Ratani,[Sk.aratni “elbow” with apocope and diaeresis; given at Halāyudha 2,381 as “a cubit,or measure from the elbow to the tip of the little finger.” The form ratni also occurs in Sk.The etym.is fr.Idg.<i>*ole</i> (to bend),cp.Av.ar∂pna elbow; Sk.arāla bent; of which enlarged bases <i>*olen</i> in Lat.ulna,ond <i>*oleq</i> in Lat.lacertus,Sk.lakutaḥ=P.laguḷa.See cognates in Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.lacertus] a cubit Miln.85 (aṭṭha rataniyo).(Page 563),6,1
  10715. 375706,en,15,ratanika,ratanika,Ratanika,Ratanika,(adj.) [fr.ratana] a ratana in length J.I,7 (aḍḍha°); Miln.312 (aṭṭha°).(Page 563),8,1
  10716. 375721,en,15,ratati,raṭati,Raṭati,Raṭati,[<i>raṭ;</i> Dhtp 86:“paribhāsane”] to yell,cry; shout (at),scold,revile:not found in the texts.(Page 562),6,1
  10717. 375735,en,15,ratha,ratha,Ratha,Ratha,<sup>2</sup> [fr.<em>ram</em>,cp.Sk.ratha] pleasure,joy,delight:see <i>mano°</i>.(Page 565),5,1
  10718. 375736,en,15,ratha,ratha,Ratha,Ratha,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic ratha,Av.rapa,Lat.rota wheel,rotundus (“rotund” &#38; round),Oir.roth=Ohg rad wheel,Lith.rãtas id.] a two-wheeled carriage,chariot (for riding,driving or fighting S.I,33 (ethically); A.IV,191 (horse &#38; cart; diff.parts of a ratha); M.I,396; Sn.300,654; Vism.593 (in its comp<sup>n</sup> of akkha,cakka,pañjara,īsā etc.); J.III,239 (passaddha° carriage slowing up); Th.2,229 (caturassaṁ rathaṁ,i.e.a Vimāna); Mhvs 35,42 (goṇā rathe yuttā); VvA.78 (500),104,267 (=Vimāna),PvA.74.--<i>assatarī°</i> a chariot drawn by a she-mule Vv 20<sup>8</sup>=43<sup>8</sup>; Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup>; J.VI,355.-- <i>Phussa-ratha</i> state carriage J.III,238; VI,30 sq.See under ph.-- On ratha in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,127.<br><br> <i>--atthara</i> (rathatthara) a rug for a chariot D.I,7; Vin.I,192; II,163.<i>--anīka</i> array of chariots Vin.IV,108.<i>--īsā</i> carriage pole A.IV,191.<i>--ûpatthara</i> chariot or carriage cover D.I,103; DA.I,273.<i>--esabha</i> (ratha+ ṛṣabha,Sk.rathārṣabha) lord of charioteers.Ratha here in meaning of “charioteer”; Childers sees <i>rathin</i> in this cpd.; Trenckner,Notes 59,suggests distortion from rathe śubha.Dhpāla at PvA.163 clearly under‹-› stands it as ratha-=charioteer explaining “rathesu usabha-sadiso mahā-ratho ti attho”; as does Bdhgh.at SnA 321 (on Sn.303):“mahā-rathesu khattiyesu akampiy’aṭṭhena usabha-sadiso.” -- Sn.303--308,552; Pv.II,13<sup>1</sup>; Mhvs 5,246; 15,11; 29,12.<i>--kāra</i> carriagebuilder,chariot-maker,considered as a class of very low social standing,rebirth in which is a punishment (cp.Fick,Sociale Gliederung 56,207,209 sq.) S.I,93; Vin.IV,9 (as term of abuse,enum<sup>d</sup> with other low grades:caṇḍāla veṇa nesāda r.pukkusa),12 (°jāti); M.II,152,183 f.; as <i>kārin</i> at Pv III,1<sup>13</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> as cammakārin PvA.175).As Npl.name of one of the 7 Great Lakes in the Himālaya (Rathakāradaha),e.g.at Vism.416; SnA 407.<i>--cakka</i> wheel of a chariot or carriage Vism.238 (in simile,concerning its circumference); PvA.65.<i>--pañjara</i> the body (lit.“cage” or “frame”) of a carriage Vv 83<sup>1</sup> (=rath’ûpattha VvA.326); J.II,172; IV,60; DhA.I,28.<i>--yuga</i> a chariot yoke J.VI,42.<i>--reṇu</i> “chariot-dust,” a very minute quantity (as a measure),a mite.Childers compares Sk.trasareṇu a mote of dust,atom.It is said to consist of 36 <i>tajjāri’s</i>,and 36 ratha-reṇu’s are equal to one <i>likkhā:</i> VbhA.343.<i>--vinīta</i> “led by a chariot,” a chariot-drive (Neumann,“Eilpost”),name of the 24<sup>th</sup> Suttanta of Majjhima (M.I,145 sq.),quoted at Vism.93,671 and SnA 446.<i>--sālā</i> chariot shed DhA.III,121.(Page 564),5,1
  10719. 375800,en,15,rathaka,rathaka,Rathaka,Rathaka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [ratha+ka] having a chariot,neg.a° without a chariot J.VI,515.(Page 565),7,1
  10720. 375801,en,15,rathaka,rathaka,Rathaka,Rathaka,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.ratha,cp.Sk.rathaka m.] a little carriage,a toy cart D.I,6 (cp.DA.I,86:khuddakarathaṁ); Vin.II,10; III,180; M.I,226; Miln.229.(Page 565),7,1
  10721. 376060,en,15,rathika,rathika,Rathika,Rathika,[fr.ratha] fighter fr.a chariot,charioteer M.I,397 (saññāto kusalo rathassa aṅga-paccaṅgānaṁ); D.I,51 (in list of var.occupations,cp.DA.I,156); J.VI,15 (+patti-kārika),463 (id.).(Page 565),7,1
  10722. 376068,en,15,rathika,rathikā,Rathikā,Rathikā, &#38; Rathiyā (f.) [Vedic rathya belonging to the chariot,later Sk.rathyā road.See also <i>racchā</i>] a carriage-road.-- (a) <i>rathikā:</i> Vin.II,268; Vism.60; PvA.4,67.-- (b) <i>rathiyā:</i> D.I,83; Vin.I,237,344; M.II,108; III,163; S.I,201; II,128; IV,344.In comp<sup>n</sup> <i>rathiya°</i>,e.g.<i>rathiya-coḷa</i> “street-rag” Vism.62 (expl<sup>d</sup> as rathikāya chaḍḍita-coḷaka).(Page 565),7,1
  10723. 376108,en,15,rati,rati,Rati,Rati,(f.) [Classic Sk.rati,fr.<em>ram</em>] love,attachment,pleasure,liking for (Loc.),fondness of S.I,133 (°ṁ paccanubhavati),207; III,256; Sn.41 (=anukkhaṇṭhit’adhivacanaṁ Nd<sup>2</sup> 537),59 (id.),270,642,956 (=nekkhamma-rati paviveka°,upasama° Nd<sup>1</sup> 457); J.III,277 (kilesa°); DhA.IV,225; PvA.77.--<i>arati</i> dislike,aversion S.I,7,54,128,180,197; V,64; Sn.270 (+rati),642 (id.); Dh.418 (rati+); Th.2,339; DhsA.193; PvA.64; Sdhp.476.--<i>ratiṁ karoti</i> to delight in,to make love Vism.195 (purisā itthīsu).(Page 563),4,1
  10724. 376118,en,15,rati,rāti,Rāti,Rāti,[Sk.<em>rā</em> to give,bestow; given at Dhtp 369 &#38; Dhtm 597 in meaning “ādāne,” with doublet <i>lā</i>] to take up:no refs.(Page 570),4,1
  10725. 376164,en,15,ratin,ratin,Ratin,Ratin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.rati] fond of,devoted to,keen on,fostering; f.<i>ratinī</i> J.IV,320 (ahiṁsā°).(Page 564),5,1
  10726. 376219,en,15,ratta,ratta,Ratta,Ratta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) &#38; (poet.) <i>rattā</i> (f.) [Epic Sk.rātra; Vedic rātra only in cpd.aho-rātraṁ.Semantically an abstr.formation in collect.meaning “the space of a night’s time,” hence “interval of time” in general.Otherwise rātri:see under ratti] (rarely) night; (usually) time in general.Occurs only --°,with expressions giving a definite time.Independently (besides cpds.mentioned below) only at one (doubtful) passage,viz.Sn.1071,where BB MSS.read <i>rattam-ahā</i> for rattaṁ aho,which corresponds to the Vedic phrase aho-rātraṁ (=P.ahorattaṁ).The P.T.S.ed.reads <i>nattaṁ;</i> SnA 593 reads nattaṁ,but expl<sup>s</sup> as rattin-divaṁ,whereas Nd<sup>2</sup> 538 reads rattaṁ &#38; expl<sup>s</sup>:“rattaṁ vuccati ratti,ahā (sic lege!) ti divaso,rattiñ ca divañ ca.” -- Otherwise only in foll.adv.expressions (meaning either “time” or “night”):Instr.eka-rattena in one night J.I,64; satta° after one week (lit.a seven-night) Sn.570.-- Acc.sg.cira-rattaṁ a long time Sn.665; dīgha° id.[cp.BSk.dīrgha-rātraṁ freq.] Sn.22; M.I,445; aḍḍha° at “halfnight,” i.e.midnight A.III,407; pubba-ratt’âpararattaṁ one night after the other (lit.the last one and the next) DhA.IV,129.-- Acc.pl.cira rattāni a long time J.V,268.-- Loc.in var.forms,viz.vassa-<i>ratte</i> in the rainy season J.V,38 (Kern,Toev.s.v.gives wrongly III,37,143; aḍḍha-<i>ratte</i> at midnight PvA.152; aḍḍha‹-› <i>rattāyaṁ</i> at midnight Vv 81<sup>16</sup> (=aḍḍharattiyaṁ VvA.315); divā ca <i>ratto</i> ca day &#38; night Vv 31<sup>5</sup> (=rattiyaṁ VvA.130); cira-<i>rattāya</i> a long time J.V,267; Pv.I,9<sup>4</sup>.<br><br> <i>--andhakāra</i> the dark of night,nightly darkness Vin.IV,268 (oggate suriye); M.I,448.<i>--ûparata</i> abstaining from food at night D.I,5 (cp.DA.I,77).<i>--ññu</i> of long standing,recognised D.I,48 (in phrase:r.cira-pabbajito addhagato etc.; expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,143 as “pabbajjato paṭṭhāya atikkantā bahū rattiyo jānātī ti r.”); A.II,27 (here the pl.rattaññā,as if fr.sg.ratta-ñña); Sn.p.92 (therā r.cira-pabbajitā; the expl<sup>n</sup> at SnA 423 is rather fanciful with the choice of either=ratana-ññu,i.e.knowing the gem of Nibbāna,or=bahu-ratti-vidū,i.e.knowing many nights); ThA.141.A f.abstr.<i>°ññutā</i> “recognition” is found at M.I,445 (spelt rataññūtā,but v.l.°utā).<i>--samaye</i> (Loc.,adv.) at the time of (night) J.I,63 (aḍḍha-ratta° at midnight),264 (id.); IV,74 (vassa° in the rainy season); PvA.216 (aḍḍha°).(Page 564),5,1
  10727. 376220,en,15,ratta,ratta,Ratta,Ratta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of rañjati,cp.Sk.rakta] 1.dyed,coloured M.I,36 (dūratta-vaṇṇa difficult to dye or badly dyed; MA 167 reads <i>duratta</i> and expl<sup>s</sup> as durañjita-vaṇṇa; opp.suratta ibid.); Sn.287 (nānā-rattehi vatthehi); Vism.415 (°vattha-nivattha,as sign of mourning); DhA.IV,226 (°vattha).-- 2.red.This is used of a high red colour,more like crimson.Sometimes it comes near a meaning like “shiny,shining,glittering” (as in ratta-suvaṇṇa the glittering gold),cp.etym. &#38; meaning of <i>rajati</i> and <i>rajana</i>.It may also be taken as “bleached” in <i>ratta-kambala</i>.In <i>ratta-phalika</i> (crystal) it approaches the meaning of “white,” as also in expl<sup>n</sup> of puṇḍarīka at J.V,216 with <i>ratta-paduma</i> “white lotus.” -- It is most commonly found in foll.comb<sup>ns</sup> at foll.passages:Miln.191 (°lohita-candana); Vism.172 (°kambala),174 (°koraṇḍaka),191 (°paṭākā); J.I,394 (pavāla-ratta-kambala); III,30 (°puppha-dāma); V,37 (°sālivana),216 (°paduma); 372 (°suvaṇṇa); DhA.I,393 (id.),248 (°kambala); IV,189 (°candanarukkha red-sandal tree); SnA 125 (where paduma is given as “ratta-set’ādivasena”); VvA.4 (°dupaṭṭa),65 (°suvaṇṇa),177 (°phalika); PvA.4 (°virala-mālā; garland of red flowers for the convict to be executed,cp.Fick,Sociale Gliederung 104),157 (°paduma),191 (°sāli); Mhvs 30,36 (°kambala); 36,82 (rattāni akkhīni bloodshot eyes).With the latter cp.cpd.<i>rattakkha</i> “with red eyes” (fr.crying) at PvA.39 (v.l.BB.),and Np.<i>rattakkhin</i> “Red-eye” (Ep.of a Yakkha).‹-› 3.(fig.) excited,infatuated,impassioned S.IV,339; Sn.795 (virāga°); It.92 (maccā rattā); Miln.220.Also in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>ratta duṭṭha mūḷha:</i> see Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.chanda; cp.bhava-rāga-ratta.(Page 564),5,1
  10728. 376567,en,15,rattha,raṭṭha,Raṭṭha,Raṭṭha,(nt.) [Vedic rāṣṭra] reign,kingdom,empire; country,realm Sn.46 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 536 as “raṭṭhañ ca janapadañ ca koṭṭhāgārañ ca ...nagarañ ca”),287,444,619; J IV 389 (°ṁ araṭṭhaṁ karoti); PvA.19 (°ṁ kāreti to reign,govern).Pabbata° mountain-kingdom SnA 26; Magadha° the kingdom of Magadha PvA.67.<br><br> <i>--piṇḍa</i> the country’s alms-food (°ṁ bhuñjati) Dh.308 (saddhāya dinnaṁ); A.I,10; S.II,221; M.III,127; Th.2,110; It.43,90.<i>--vāsin</i> inhabitant of the realm,subject DhA.III,481 (Page 562),6,1
  10729. 376602,en,15,ratthaka,raṭṭhaka,Raṭṭhaka,Raṭṭhaka,(adj.) [Sk.rāṣṭraka] belonging to the kingdom,royal,sovereign J.IV,91 (senāvāhana).-- Cp.raṭṭhika.(Page 562),8,1
  10730. 376680,en,15,ratthavant,raṭṭhavant,Raṭṭhavant,Raṭṭhavant,(adj.) [raṭṭha+vant] possessing a kingdom or kingship Pv.II,6<sup>11</sup> (°nto khattiyā).(Page 562),10,1
  10731. 376713,en,15,ratthika,raṭṭhika,Raṭṭhika,Raṭṭhika,[fr.raṭṭha,cp.Sk.rāṣṭrika] 1.one belonging to a kingdom,subject in general,inhabitant J.II,241 (brāhmaṇa gahapati-r.-do ārik’ādayo).-- 2.an official of the kingdom [op Sk.rāṣṭriya a pretender; also king’s brother in-law] A.III,76=300 (r.pettanika senāya senāpatika).(Page 562),8,1
  10732. 376734,en,15,ratti,ratti,Ratti,Ratti,(f.) [Vedic rātrī &#38; later Sk.rātri.-- Idg <i>*lādh</i> as in Gr.lήqw=Lat.lateo to hide; Sk rāhu dark demon; also Gr.*lhtw/ (=Lat.Latona) Goddess of night; Mhg.luoder insidiousness; cp.further Gr.lanqάnw to be hidden,lήqh oblivion (E.lethargy).-- The by-form of ratti is ratta<sup>2</sup>] night D.I,47 (dosinā).Gen.sg.<i>ratyā</i> (for *rattiyā) Th.1,517; Sn.710 (vivasane=ratti-samatikkame SnA 496); J.VI,491.Abl.sg.<i>rattiyā</i> in phrases abhikkantāya r.at the waning of night D.II,220; Vin.I,26; S.I,16; M.I,143; &#38; pabhātāya r.when night grew light,i.e.dawn J.I,81,500.Instr.pl.<i>rattīsu</i> Vin.I,288 (hemantikāsu r.).A Loc.<i>ratyā</i> (for *rātryām) and a Nom.pl.<i>ratyo</i> (for *rātryaḥ) is given by Geiger,P.Gr.§ 58<sup>3</sup>.-- Very often comb<sup>d</sup> with and opp.to <i>diva</i> in foll.comb<sup>ns</sup>:<i>rattin-diva</i> [cp.BSk.rātrindiva=Gr.nuxqήmeron,AvŚ I.274,278; II,176; Divy 124] a day &#38; a night (something like our “24 hours”),in phrase dasa rattindivā a decade of n. &#38; d.(i.e.a 10--day week) A.V,85 sq.; adverbially satta-rattin-divaṁ a week DhA.I,108.As adv.in Acc.sg.:<i>rattin-divaṁ</i> night and day A.III,57; Sn.507,1142; It.93; J.I,30; or <i>rattiñ ca divañ ca</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 538,or <i>rattiṁ</i> opposed to adv.<i>divā</i> by night-by day M.I,143; PvA.43.-- Other cases as adv.:Acc.eka <i>rattiṁ</i> one night J.I,62; Pv.II,9<sup>7</sup>; PvA.42; taṁ rattiṁ that night Mhvs 4,38; imaṁ r.this night M.I,143; yañ car....yañ car....etasmiṁ antare in between yon night and yon night It.121; rattiṁ at night Miln.42; rattiṁ rattiṁ night after night Mhvs 30,16.-- Gen.<i>rattiyā</i> ca divasassa ca by n. &#38; by day S.II,95.-- Loc.<i>rattiyañ</i> by night VvA.130,315 (aḍḍha° at midnight); PvA.22; and <i>ratto</i> in phrase <i>divā ca ratto ca</i> Sn.223; Th.2,312; Dh.296; Vv 31<sup>5</sup>; 84<sup>32</sup>; S.I,33.<br><br> <i>--khaya</i> the wane of night J.I,19.<i>--cāra</i> (sabba°) allnight wandering S.I,201 (trsl.“festival”).<i>--cheda</i> interruption of the probationary period (t.t.) Vin.II,34 (three such:sahavāsa,vippavāsa,anārocanā).<i>--dhūmāyanā</i> smouldering at night Vism.107 (v.l.dhūp°),comb<sup>d</sup> with divā-pajjalanā,cp.M.I,143:ayaṁ vammīko rattiṁ dhūmāyati divā pajjalati.<i>--pariyanta</i> limitation of the probationary period (t.t.) Vin.II,59.<i>--bhāga</i> night-time J.III,43 (°bhāge); Miln.18 (°bhāgena).<i>--bhojana</i> eating at night M.I,473; DA.I,77.<i>--samaya</i> night-time,only in Loc.aḍḍha-ratti-samaye at midnight VvA.255; PvA.155.(Page 564),5,1
  10733. 376938,en,15,rava,rava,Rava,Rava,<sup>2</sup> [fr.<em>ru</em>,cp.Vedic rava] loud sound,roar,shout,cry; any noise uttered by animals J.II,110; III,277; DhA.I,232 (sabba-rava-ññu knowing all sounds of animals); Miln.357 (kāruñña°).See also <i>rāva </i>&<i> ruta</i>.(Page 566),4,1
  10734. 376939,en,15,rava,rava,Rava,Rava,<sup>1</sup> [for raya,with v.for y as freq.in Pāli,Dhtm 352:ru “gate”] speed,exceeding swiftness,galloping,in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>dava</i> running at Vin.II,101; IV,4; M.I,446 (better reading here dav’atthe rav’atthe for dhāve <i>ravatthe</i>,cp.vv.ll.on p.567 &#38; Neumann,Mittl.Sammlg.II.672 n.49).Note.At the Vin passages it refers to speaking &#38; making blunders by over-hurrying oneself in speaking.-- The Dhtm (No.871) gives rava as a synonym of <i>rasa</i> (with assāda &#38; sneha).It is not clear what the connection is between those two meanings.(Page 565),4,1
  10735. 376953,en,15,rava,rāva,Rāva,Rāva,[fr.ravati,cp.rava] crying,howling; shout,noise J.I,162 (baddha° the cry of one who is caught); IV,415 (id.); VI,475 (of the cries of animals,known to an expert); Miln.254 (bherava-rāvaṁ abhiravati); Mhvs 10,69 (mahā-rāvaṁ arāvi).(Page 570),4,1
  10736. 376961,en,15,ravaka,ravaka,Ravaka,Ravaka,=rava,in <i>go°</i> a cow’s bellowing M.I,225.(Page 566),6,1
  10737. 376971,en,15,ravana,ravaṇa,Ravaṇa,Ravaṇa,(adj.-nt.) [fr.ravati] roaring,howling,singing,only in cpd.<i>°ghaṭa</i> a certain kind of pitcher,where meaning of <i>ravaṇa</i> is uncertain.Only at identical passages (in illustration) Vism.264=362=KhA 68 (reading peḷā-ghaṭa,but see App.p.870 ravaṇa°)= VbhA.68 (where v.l.yavana°,with?).(Page 566),6,1
  10738. 377007,en,15,ravati,ravati,Ravati,Ravati,[<em>ru</em>:Idg.<i>*re </i>&<i> *reu</i>,cp.Lat.ravus “raw,hoarse,” raucus,rūmor “rumour”; Gr.w)ruόmai to shout,w)rudόn roaring,etc.; Dhtp 240:<em>ru</em> “sadde”] to shout,cry,make a (loud) noise Miln.254.-- aor.<i>ravi</i> J.I,162 (baddha-rāvaṁ ravi); II,110; III,102; PvA.100; <i>arāvi</i> Mhvs 10,69 (mahā-rāvaṁ); and <i>aravi</i> Mhvs 32,79.‹-› pp.<i>ravita </i>&<i> ruta</i>.-- Cp.abhi°,vi°.(Page 566),6,1
  10739. 377020,en,15,ravi,ravi,Ravi,Ravi,[cp.Sk.ravi] the sun J.II,375 (taruṇa°-vaṇṇaratha).<br><br> <i>--inda</i> “king of the sun,” N.of the lotus Dāvs III,37.<i>--haṁsa</i> “sun-swan,” N.of a bird J.VI,539.(Page 566),4,1
  10740. 377050,en,15,ravita,ravita,Ravita,Ravita,[pp.of ravati] shouted,cried,uttered Miln.178 (sakuṇa-ruta°).(Page 566),6,1
  10741. 377064,en,15,raya,raya,Raya,Raya,[fr.<em>ri</em>,riṇāti to let loose or flow,which is taken as <i>ray</i> at Dhtp 234,def<sup>d</sup> as “gamana,” and at Dhtm 336 as “gati.” The root <em>ri</em> itself is given at Dhtm 351 in meaning “santati,” i.e.continuation.-- On etym.cp.Vedic retaḥ; Lat.rivus river=Gall,Rēnos “Rhine.” See Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.rivus] speed,lit.current Abhp 40.See <i>rava<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 565),4,1
  10742. 377076,en,15,re,re,Re,Re,(indecl.) [shortened for <i>are</i>,q.v.] a part.of exclamation,mostly implying contempt,or deprecation,(DA.I,276) “hīḷanavasena āmantanaṁ” i.e.address of disdain:heigh,go on,get away,hallo.-- D.I,96,107; J.III,184 (C.=āmantaṇe nipāto); often comb<sup>d</sup> with similar particles of exhortation,like <i>cara pi re</i> get away with you! M.II,108; Vin.IV,139 (so read for cara <i>pire</i> which the C.takes as “<i>para</i>,” amamaka); or <i>ehi re</i> come on then! J.I,225; <i>ha re</i> look out! here they are! PvA.4; <i>aho vata re</i> wish I would! Pv.II,9<sup>45</sup> (re ti ālapanaṁ PvA.131); <i>no ca vata re vattabbe</i> but indeed,good sir ...(Kvu 1).(Page 576),2,1
  10743. 377091,en,15,recana,recana,Recana,Recana,(nt.) [fr.<em>ric</em>] letting loose,emission Dhtm 610.Cp.<i>vi°</i>.(Page 576),6,1
  10744. 377105,en,15,rekha,rekhā,Rekhā,Rekhā,(f.) [fr.<em>rikh</em>,for which the Pāli form is <em>likh</em>,cp.Sk.rekhā,Lat.rīma,Ohg.rīga row] line,streak Abhp 539.See lekhā.(Page 576),5,1
  10745. 377114,en,15,renu,reṇu,Reṇu,Reṇu,[cp.Vedic reṇu] 1.dust; pl.reṇū particles of dust.-- Vin.I,32 (°hatā bhūmi); Vism.338=Nd<sup>1</sup> 505=J.I,117 (rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati); J.IV,362 (okiṇṇā raja-reṇūhi; C.expl<sup>s</sup> by “paṁsūhi”); Miln.274 (pl.); SnA 132 (reṇuṁ vūpasāmeti allays).-- 2.pollen (in this meaning found only in the so-called Jātaka-style) J.I,233 (mahā-tumba-matta),349 (pupphato reṇuṁ gaṇhāti); III,320; V,39 (puppha°); VI,530 (padumakinjakkha°); DhA.IV,203 (°vaṭṭhi).(Page 576),4,1
  10746. 377150,en,15,reruka,reruka,Reruka,Reruka,[etym.? Probably dialectical] “elephant’s tooth,” ivory J.II,230 (=hatthi-danta C.).(Page 576),6,1
  10747. 377225,en,15,rinati,riṇāti,Riṇāti,Riṇāti,see under <i>raya</i>.(Page 571),6,1
  10748. 377228,en,15,rincana,riñcana,Riñcana,Riñcana,(nt.) [fr.<em>riñc</em>] leaving behind,giving up Dhtp 44.(Page 571),7,1
  10749. 377238,en,15,rincati,riñcati,Riñcati,Riñcati,[<em>ric,in</em> Vedic &#38; Sk.rinakti; cp.Av.irinaxti to leave; Gr.lei/pw id.,loipόs left; Lat.linquo id.; Goth.leiQ an=Ohg.līhan to lend; Ags l&amacremacr;n=loan,cp.E.leave etc.-- The def<sup>n</sup> of the root at Dhtp is given in two forms,viz.<em>ric</em> as “virecane” (No.396; cp.Dhtm 517 “kharaṇe,” i.e.flowing; 610 “recane”),and <em>riñc</em> as “riñcane” (No.44)] to leave,abandon,leave behind,give up,neglect Vin.I,190 (also fut.riñcissati); M.I,155 (riñcissati),403; S.IV,206; A.III,86 sq.,108 sq.,343 sq.,366 sq.,437; Th.1,1052; Sn.156; Miln.419; J.V,403.-- ppr.med.with neg.:<i>ariñcamāna</i> Sn.69; ger.<i>riñcitvā</i> (for Sk.riktvā) Th.2,93.-- pp.<i>ritta</i>.-- Pass.<i>riccati</i> [Sk.ricyate] to be left:see <i>ati°</i>.(Page 571),7,1
  10750. 377250,en,15,rindi,rindī,Rindī,Rindī,at Th.2,265 is doubtful.The T.reading is “te <i>rindī va</i> lambante’nodaka,” said of breasts hanging down in old age.The C.compares them with leather water bottles without water (udaka-bhastā viya).We have to read either with Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,94 “<i>rittī va</i>” (=rittā iva),“as it were,empty,” or (preferably) with ThA.212 “<i>therī ti va</i>” (“like an old woman”).The trsl<sup>n</sup> (Sisters,p.124) takes the C.expl<sup>n</sup> of udaka-bhastā as equivalent to T.reading rindi,in saying “shrunken as skins without water”; but <i>rindī</i> is altogether doubtful &#38; it is better to read <i>therī</i> which is according to the context.We find the same meaning of therī (“old woman”) at Pv.II,11<sup>6</sup>.(Page 571),5,1
  10751. 377283,en,15,rissati,rissati,Rissati,Rissati,[Vedic <em>riṣ</em>,riṣyati] to be hurt,to suffer harm M.I,85 (ḍāṁsa-makasa-vāt’ātapa-siriṁsapa-samphassehi rissamāno; where Nd<sup>2</sup> 199 in same passage reads samphassamāna).(Page 571),7,1
  10752. 377296,en,15,ritta,ritta,Ritta,Ritta,[pp.of riñcati; cp.atireka] devoid,empty,free,rid (of) M.I,207 (+tuccha),414; Vin.I,157=II.216; Sn.823 (emancipated:ritto muni=vivitta etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 158),844 (opp.to aritta); Th.2,265 (see rindi); J.I,29 (v.222); III,492; Miln.383.<br><br> <i>--assāda</i> finding one’s taste in empty things A.I,280 (+bāhir-assāda.Kern,Toev.s.v.reads <i>rittāsa</i> and trsl<sup>s</sup> “impure (of food),” not according to the sense at all).<i>--āsana</i> an empty seat Sn.963 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 481 as “opportunity for sitting down which is free from unbefitting sights”).<i>--pesuṇa</i> free fr.slander Sn.941 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 422:“yassa pesuññaṁ pahīnaṁ” etc.).<i>--muṭṭhi</i> an empty fist (°sadisa:comparing someone as regards ignorance) SnA 306=DhA.IV,38.<i>--hattha</i> (adj.) empty-handed J.V,46; Sdhp.309.(Page 571),5,1
  10753. 377313,en,15,rittaka,rittaka,Rittaka,Rittaka,(adj.) [ritta+ka] empty,void,without reality Th.1,41; 2,394 (=tucchaka anto-sāra-rahita ThA.258); Pv III,6<sup>5</sup> (of a river=tuccha PvA.202); PvA.139 (=suñña,virahita).Usually in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>tucchaka</i> as a standing phrase denoting absolute emptiness &#38; worthlessness,e.g.at D.I,240; M.I,329; S.III,141.(Page 571),7,1
  10754. 377402,en,15,rocati,rocati,Rocati,Rocati,[Vedic rocate,<em>ruc</em>,Idg.<i>*leuq</i>,as in Lat.luceo to be bright (cp.lūx light,lūmen,lūna etc.); Sk.rocana splendid,ruci light,roka &#38; rukṣa light; Av.raocantshining; Gr.amfi-lu/kh twi-light,leukόs white; also with 1:Sk.loka world,locate to perceive,locana eye; Lith.laukti to await; Goth.liuhap light=Ohg.lioht,E.light; Oir lōche lightning.-- The Dhtp ( &#38; Dhtm) gives 2 roots <em>ruc</em>,viz.the one with meaning “<i>ditti</i>” (Dhtp 37),the other as “<i>rocana</i>” (Dhtp 395),both signifying “light” or “splendour,” but the second probably to be taken in sense of “pleasing”] 1.to please,i.e.it pleases (with Dat.of person) Th.2,415 (rocate); Mhvs 15,9 (nivāso rocatu).Cp.BSk.rocyate AvŚ II.158.-- 2.to find pleasure in (Loc.) Miln.338 (bhave).-- Caus.<i>roceti:</i> 1.to be pleased,to give one’s consent DhA.I,387 (gloss K rucitha ruceyyātha).‹-› 2.(with Acc.of object) to find pleasing,to find delight in,to be attached to,to approve of,to choose S.I,41 (vadhaṁ); J.I,142 (Devadattassa laddhiṁ r.); V,178 (pabbajjaṁ roc’ahaṁ=rocemi C.),226 (kammaṁ).‹-› Freq.with dhammaṁ to approve of a doctrine or scheme,e.g.at Vin.II,199 (Devadattassa dhammaṁ); S.I,133; Sn.94 (asataṁ dh.),398 (dhammaṁ imaṁ rocaye); J.IV,53 (dh.asataṁ na rocayāma).-- Cp.<i>abhi°</i>,<i> ā°</i>,<i> vi°</i>.(Page 576),6,1
  10755. 377499,en,15,rodana,rodana,Rodana,Rodana,(nt.) [fr.<em>rud</em>] crying,weeping DhA.I,28; PvA.63,64; Dhtp 144.(Page 576),6,1
  10756. 377544,en,15,rodati,rodati,Rodati,Rodati,see <i>rudati</i>.(Page 576),6,1
  10757. 377572,en,15,rodha,rodha,Rodha,Rodha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>rudh</em>] bank,dam A.III,128 (where id.p.at A.I.154 reads <i>gedha</i>,cave; v.l.also gedha,cp.v.l.rodhi° for gedhi° at Nd<sup>2</sup> 585).(Page 576),5,1
  10758. 377573,en,15,rodha,rodha,Rodha,Rodha,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>rudh</em>] obstruction,stopping,in cpd.<i>parapāṇa°</i> stopping the life of somebody else; life-slaughter,murder Sn.220; J.II,450.Cp.<i>anu°</i>,<i> ni°</i>,<i> vi°</i>.(Page 576),5,1
  10759. 377585,en,15,rodhana,rodhana,Rodhana,Rodhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>rudh</em>] obstructing J.V,346; Sdhp.57.(Page 576),7,1
  10760. 377660,en,15,roga,roga,Roga,Roga,[Vedic roga:<em>ruj</em> (see rujati),cp.Sk.rujā breakage,illness] illness,disease.-- The def<sup>n</sup> of roga at J.II,437 is “roga rujana-sabhāvattaṁ.” There are many diff.enumerations of rogas and sets of standard comb<sup>ns</sup>,of which the foll.may be mentioned.At sn 311 (cp.D.III,75) it is said that in old times there were only 3 diseases,viz.<i>icchā</i>,<i> anasanaṁ</i>,<i> jarā</i>,which gradually,through slaughtering of animals,increased to 98.Bdhgh at SnA 324 hints at these 98 with “cakkhu-rog’adinā-bhedena.” Beginning with this (cakkhuroga affection of the eye) we have a list of 34 rogas at Nd<sup>1</sup> 13 (under pākaṭa-parissayā or open dangers=Nd<sup>1</sup> 360= Nd<sup>2</sup> 420) &#38; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>1</sup> B,viz.cakkhu° &#38; the other 4 senses,sīsa°,kaṇṇa°,mukha°,danta°; kāsa,sāsa,pināsa,ḍāha,jara; kucchiroga,mucchā,pakkhandikā,sūlā,visūcikā; kuṭṭhaṁ,gaṇḍo,kilāso,soso,apamāro; daddu,kaṇḍu,kacchu,rakhasā,vitacchikā,lohita‹-› pittaṁ,madhumeho,aṁsā,piḷakā,bhagandalā.This list is followed by list of 10 ābādhas &#38; under “dukkha” goes on with var.other “ills,” which however do not make up the number 98.The same list is found at A.V,110.The 10 ābādhas (Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>1</sup> C.) occur at A.II,87 &#38; Miln.308 (as āgantuka-rogā).The 4 “rogas” of the Sun (miln 273,cp.Vin.II,295) are:abbha,mahikā,megha,Rāhu.-- Another mention of roga together with plagues which attack the corn in the field is given at J.V,401,viz.visa-vāta; mūsika-salabha-suka-pāṇaka; setaṭṭhika-roga etc.,i.e.hurtful winds,mice,moths &#38; parrots,mildew.-- The comb<sup>n</sup> <i>roga</i>,<i> gaṇḍa</i>,<i> salla</i> is sometimes found,e.g.M.II,230; Vism.335.Of other single rogas we mention:kucchi° (stomach-ache) J.I,243; ahivātaka° Vin.I,78; J.II,79; IV,200; DhA.I,231; paṇḍu° jaundice Vin.I,206; J.II,102; DhA.I,25; tiṇapupphaka° hay-fever Miln.216.-- See also <i>ātaṅka </i>&<i> ābādha</i>.On roga in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,130.‹-› D.I,11,73; III,182; S.III,32; IV,64; A.II,128,142 sq.; IV,289,; Nd<sup>1</sup> 486; Vism.236 (as cause of death),512 (in simile); VbhA.88 (in sim.of dukkha etc.); ThA.288; VvA.6 (rogena phuṭṭha),75 (sarīre r.uppajji); PvA.86 (kacchu°),212 (rogena abhibhūta).-- Opp.<i>aroga</i> health:see sep.<br><br> <i>--ātaṅka</i> affliction by illness A.II,174 sq.; V,169,318.<i>--niḍḍha</i> the nest or seat of disease Dh.148 (cp.DhA.III,110); as <i>°nīḷa</i> at It.37.<i>--mūla</i> the root of disease Sn.530.<i>--vyasana</i> distress or misfortune of disease D.III,235 (one of the 5 vyasanāni:ñāti°,bhoga°,roga°,sīla°,diṭṭhi°); Miln.196 (id.).(Page 576),4,1
  10761. 377816,en,15,rogin,rogin,Rogin,Rogin,(adj.) [fr roga] having a disease,suffering from (-°); one who has a disease Vism.194 (ussanna-vyādhi dukkhassa); Sdhp.86.--<i>paṇḍu°</i> one who has the jaundice J.II,285; III,401.(Page 576),5,1
  10762. 377870,en,15,rohanna,rohañña,Rohañña,Rohañña,(adj.) [fr.roha=rohita] red J.V,259 (rohaññā pungav’ūsabhā; C.expl<sup>s</sup> by ratta-vaṇṇā).Kern.Toev.s.v.proposes rohiñño=*rohiṇyah,(cp.pokkharaṇī for °iṇī) red cows.(Page 577),7,1
  10763. 377890,en,15,rohicca,rohicca,Rohicca,Rohicca,[fr.rohita,perhaps directly fr.Vedic rohita ewe,lit.the red one] a kind of deer J.VI,537 (°sarabhā migā).(Page 577),7,1
  10764. 377903,en,15,rohini,rohiṇī,Rohiṇī,Rohiṇī,(f.) [cp.Vedic rohiṇī red cow or mare] 1.a red cow A.I,162=III,214.-- 2.N.of a nakkhatta or constellation (“red cow”) SnA 456; Mhvs 19,47.-- 3.N.of a river SnA 357.(Page 577),6,1
  10765. 377935,en,15,rohita,rohita,Rohita,Rohita,(adj.) [Vedic rohita; cp.the usual P.word lohita red &#38; blood.See also rudhira &#38; ruhira] red,as attribute of fishes at J.V,405 (i.e.a special kind of fish),and of deer at J.V,406 in same passage (i.e.a special kind of deer).Otherwise only in standing term <i>rohita-maccha</i> the “red fish,” viz.Cyprinus Rohita,which is freq.mentioned in the “Jātaka” literature,e.g.J.II,433; III,333; DhA.II,132 (four),140; KhA 118.(Page 577),6,1
  10766. 377996,en,15,roma,roma,Roma,Roma,(nt.) [Vedic roman; the usual P.form is loma (q.v.)] the hair of the body J.V,430 (where in roma-rājiyā maṇḍita-udarā as expl<sup>n</sup> of loma-sundarī); Sdhp.119 (°kūpa),(Page 577),4,1
  10767. 378010,en,15,romaka,romaka,Romaka,Romaka,(adj.) [fr.roma] feathered (?) J.II,383 (C.wrong!).(Page 577),6,1
  10768. 378022,en,15,romanca,romañca,Romañca,Romañca,(?) [fr.roma,cp.Vedic romaśa] hairy (?) Dāvs.V,14 (°kancuka).(Page 577),7,1
  10769. 378031,en,15,romanthaka,romanthaka,Romanthaka,Romanthaka,(adj.) [fr.romanthati] chewing the cud,ruminating Vin.II,132.(Page 577),10,1
  10770. 378039,en,15,romanthana,romanthana,Romanthana,Romanthana,(nt.) [fr.romanthati] ruminating Vin.II,321.(Page 577),10,1
  10771. 378048,en,15,romanthati,romanthati,Romanthati,Romanthati, &#38; Romantheti [to romantha; cp.Lat.rumen &#38; ruminare=E.ruminate] to chew the cud,to ruminate Vin.II,132 (°ati); J.IV,392 (°eti).(Page 577),10,1
  10772. 378068,en,15,ronna,roṇṇa,Roṇṇa,Roṇṇa,see <i>ruṇṇa</i>.(Page 576),5,1
  10773. 378076,en,15,ropa,ropa,Ropa,Ropa,(-°) [fr.<em>rop</em>=Caus.of <em>ruh</em>] plantation; in <i>vana° </i>&<i> ārāma°</i> S.I,33.(Page 577),4,1
  10774. 378084,en,15,ropaka,ropaka,Ropaka,Ropaka,[ropa+ka] sapling J.II,346 (rukkha°).(Page 577),6,1
  10775. 378088,en,15,ropana,ropana,Ropana,Ropana,(nt.) &#38; <i>ropanā</i> (f.) [fr.ropeti<sup>1</sup>] 1.planting PvA.151 (ārāma°); Mhvs 15,41.-- 2.healing S.IV,177 (vaṇa°).-- 3.furthering,making grow Ps.II,115 (buddhi°).‹-› 4.(f.) accusation Vin.IV,36.(Page 577),6,1
  10776. 378115,en,15,ropapeti,ropāpeti,Ropāpeti,Ropāpeti,see ropeti<sup>1</sup>.(Page 577),8,1
  10777. 378131,en,15,ropaya,ropaya,Ropaya,Ropaya,(adj.) (-°) [for *ropya,fr.ropeti<sup>1</sup>] to be healed,only in cpd.<i>du°</i> hard to heal (of a wound) Vin.I,216 (vaṇa).(Page 577),6,1
  10778. 378183,en,15,ropeti,ropeti,Ropeti,Ropeti,<sup>2</sup> [Caus.of rūhati<sup>2</sup>.See lumpati] 1.to cause to break off,to cause to suspend or cancel; to pass off,refuse Vin.II,261 (bhikkhūhi bhikkhunīnaṁ kammaṁ ropetvā bhikkhunīnaṁ niyyādetuṁ,i.e.by the bhikkhus is an act of the nuns to be passed off and to be referred to the nuns).-- 2.to make confess or accuse of (Acc.:āpattiṁ a guilt) Vin.II,2 (first codeti,then sāreti,then ropeti &#38; lastly (saṅghaṁ) ñāpeti),85 (id.); IV,36,(aññavādakaṁ ropeti to bring the charge of heresy against someone).No.2 perhaps better to ropeti<sup>1</sup>.Cp.Vin.Texts II.334.-- To ropeti<sup>2</sup> belong the cpds.<i>oropeti</i> (cut off) &#38; voropeti (deprive).They are better to be taken here than to ava+<i>ruh</i>.(Page 577),6,1
  10779. 378184,en,15,ropeti,ropeti,Ropeti,Ropeti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of rūhati<sup>1</sup>] 1.to plant or sow J.I,150 (nivāpatiṇaṁ); Mhvs 15,42 (amb’aṭṭhikaṁ); 19,56; DhA.II,109.-- 2.to put up,fix J.I,143 (sūlāni).-- 3.to further,increase,make grow Sn.208 (Pot.ropayeyya).-- 4.(fig.) to fix,direct towards,bring up against:see ropeti<sup>2</sup> 2.-- pp.<i>ropita</i>.Caus.II.<i>ropāpeti</i> to cause to be planted D.II,179; J.VI,333; Mhvs 34,40; DhA.II,109.-- Cp.<i>abhi°</i>,<i> abhini°</i>,<i> ā°</i>.(Page 577),6,1
  10780. 378204,en,15,ropima,ropima,Ropima,Ropima,(nt.) [fr.ropeti<sup>1</sup>] 1.what has been planted Vin.IV,267.-- 2.a kind of arrow M.I,429 (contrasted with kaccha; Neumann trsl<sup>s</sup> ropima by “aus Binsen”).‹-› 3.(adj.) at Vv 44<sup>13</sup> <i>aropima</i> (“not planted”?) is an attribute of trees.It is not expl<sup>d</sup> in VvA.(Page 577),6,1
  10781. 378220,en,15,ropita,ropita,Ropita,Ropita,[pp.of ropeti<sup>1</sup>] 1.planted Pv.II,7<sup>8</sup>.-- 2.growing up Pv 9<sup>70</sup> (read “pi ropitaṁ” for viropitaṁ).-- 3.furnished with,powdered with (-°) Vv 64<sup>15</sup> (Ed.vosita; VvA.280 expl<sup>s</sup> by ullitta,vicchurita).-- 4.accused,brought forward (of a charge) Vin.IV,36.(Page 577),6,1
  10782. 378230,en,15,rorava,rorava,Rorava,Rorava,[fr.<i>ru</i>,cp.Sk.raurava,N.of a purgatory] 1.a sort of hart (i.e.ruru) M.I,429.-- 2.N.of a naraka (purgatory):see Dictionary of Names.E.g.J.III,299; Dāvs III,12; Sdhp.195.Cp.BSk.raurava Divy 67.(Page 577),6,1
  10783. 378259,en,15,rosa,rosa,Rosa,Rosa,[cp.Sk.roṣa,of <em>ruṣ</em>] 1.anger,angry feeling M.I,360.-- 2.quarrel J.IV,316.(Page 577),4,1
  10784. 378270,en,15,rosaka,rosaka,Rosaka,Rosaka,(adj.) [fr.rosa; cp.BSk.roṣaka Divy 38] angry,wrathful S.I,85,96; Sn.133; Vv 52<sup>8</sup> (=paresaṁ ros’uppādanena r.VvA.226); J.II,270.(Page 577),6,1
  10785. 378280,en,15,rosana,rosanā,Rosanā,Rosanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.rosati] making angry,causing anger,being angry Vbh.86 (hiṁsanā+),expl<sup>d</sup> at VbhA.75 by ghaṭṭanā.Cp.BSk.roṣaṇī AvŚ I.178.(Page 577),6,1
  10786. 378284,en,15,rosaneyya,rosaneyya,Rosaneyya,Rosaneyya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.rosa] apt to be angry or cause anger; neg.a° not to be angered,not irritable Sn.216.(Page 577),9,1
  10787. 378322,en,15,roseti,roseti,Roseti,Roseti,[Caus.of rosati,<em>ruṣ</em><i>;</i> see rusita] to make angry,to annoy,to irritate S.I,162; A.II,215 (so read for rosati); III,38; Sn.125,130,216; J.I,432; IV,491.(Page 577),6,1
  10788. 378346,en,15,rosita,rosita,Rosita,Rosita,[pp.of <em>rus</em>,to smear:Sk.rūṣita; given as root <em>rus</em> at Dhtm 442 with meaning “ālepa”] smeared (with),anointed J.IV,440 (=vilitta C.).(Page 577),6,1
  10789. 378380,en,15,ruca,ruca,Ruca,Ruca,(-rukkha) &#38; <i>Rucā</i> (f.) [fr.<em>ruc</em>] N.of a plant,or tree,alias “mukkhaka” (read <i>mokkhaka</i>) “principal” J.I,441,443 (gloss maṅgala-rukkha).(Page 572),4,1
  10790. 378394,en,15,rucaka,rucaka,Rucaka,Rucaka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.rucaka a golden ornament] (gold) sand Vv 35<sup>1</sup>; VvA.160 (=suvaṇṇa-vālikā).(Page 572),6,1
  10791. 378415,en,15,ruccana,ruccana,Ruccana,Ruccana,( &#38; ā° f.) (nt.) [fr.ruccati] choice,pleasure DhA.I,387 (tava °ṭṭhāne according to your own liking); DA.I,106 (°ā).(Page 572),7,1
  10792. 378422,en,15,ruccanaka,ruccanaka,Ruccanaka,Ruccanaka,(adj.) [fr.ruccana,cp.Sk.rucya] pleasing,satisfying; nt.satisfaction J.I,211 (°maccha the fish you like); II,182 (tava °ṁ karosi you do whatever you like).<i>a°</i> unpleasant,distasteful DhA.I,251 (attano aruccanakaṁ kiñci kammaṁ adisvā).(Page 572),9,1
  10793. 378457,en,15,ruccati,ruccati,Ruccati,Ruccati,[*rucyati Med.of <em>ruc</em><i>:</i> see rocati.Same in Prk.-- Originally Caus.formation like Epic Sk.rocyate for rocayate] to find delight or pleasure in (Loc.),to please,to indulge in,set one’s mind on Sn.565 (etañ ce r.bhoto buddha-sāsanaṁ); with khamati to be pleased and to approve of,M.II,132; often used by Bdhgh in C.style:yathā r.tathā paṭhitabbaṁ KhA 78; “yaṁ r.taṁ gahetabbaṁ SnA 23,43,136,378” “to take,whichever one pleases” (in giving the choice of 2 readings or interpretations).-- ger.<i>ruccitvā</i> VvA.282 (r.pūresi “to find thorough delight in,” expl<sup>n</sup> for abhirocesi).‹-› pret.1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>ruccādimhase</i> Pv.I,11<sup>8</sup> (=ruccāma ruciṁ uppādema,taṁ attano ruciyā pivissāmā ti attho PvA.59).-- Prohibitive <i>mā rucci</i> (pl.<i>mā rucittha</i>) as an entreaty not to pursue an aim (=please do not do that,please don’t) Vin.II,198 (alaṁ Devadatta mā te rucci saṅgha-bhedo); DhA.I,13 (mā vo āvuso evaṁ ruccittha).(Page 572),7,1
  10794. 378501,en,15,ruci,ruci,Ruci,Ruci,(f.) [fr.<em>ruc</em>,cp.Vedic ruc (f.) light,Classic Sk.ruci in meaning “pleasure”] 1.splendour,light,brightness Sn.548 (su° very splendid; SnA 453=sundara-sarīrappabha).-- 2.inclination,liking,pleasure PvA.59 (°ṁ uppādeti to find pleasure,to be satisfied).--<i>aruci</i> aversion,dislike Th.2,472.--<i>ruci</i> object of pleasure J.V,371.--<i>ruciyā</i> (Abl.) in the pleasure (of),by the liking (of) (cp.No.3),in phrases <i>attano ruciyā</i> (attano citta-ruciyā:so read for °ruciyaṁ!); as one pleases,by one’s own free will,ad lib.J.I,106; IV,281; PvA.59; <i>parassa r</i>.pavattati to live by the pleasure (gratiâ) of somebody else,i.e.to be dependent on others DA.I,212.--<i>yathā ruciṁ</i> according to liking or satisfaction,fully,amply Mhvs 4,43; 5,230; PvA.88,126,242.‹-› 3.In dogmatic language used in the sense of “will” or “influence” in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>diṭṭhi</i>,<i> khanti</i>,<i> ruci</i> one’s views,indulgence &#38; pleasure (=will),i.e.one’s intellectual,emotional &#38; volitional sphere,e.g.Vin.I,70; Sn.781 (without khanti,but see def<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 65); also with saddhā,anussavo,ākāraparivitakke,diṭṭhinijjhānakhanti M.II,170,218; 234; contrasted with dhamma D.III,40; Vbh.245 (in def<sup>n</sup> of “<i>idha</i>”:cp.same at Ps.I,176 and Nd<sup>2</sup> 145),325,328.<i>aññatra ruciyā</i> under the influence of someone else’s will S.II,115; IV,138.See also bhāva 2<sup>a</sup>.(Page 572),4,1
  10795. 378533,en,15,rucika,rucika,Rucika,Rucika,(-°) (adj.) [fr.ruci 3] belonging to the pleasure (of); only in phrase <i>añña°</i> being dependent on someone else’s will or under another’s influence,together with <i>aññadiṭṭhika</i> and <i>añña-khantika</i> characterizing the various sides of personality (see ruci 3) with ref.to one’s intellect,feeling &#38; will D.I,187=M.I,487.Rhys Davids (Dial.I.254) trsl<sup>s</sup>:“holding different views,other things approving themselves to you,setting diff.aims before yourself”; thus differing in interpretation of añña,taking it subjectively.Neumann (Majjhima Übs.II.250) quite wrongly:“ohne Deutung,ohne Geduld,ohne Hingabe” (without explanation,patience,devotion).(Page 572),6,1
  10796. 378554,en,15,rucira,rucira,Rucira,Rucira,(adj.) [fr.<em>ruc</em>,cp.Sk.rucira] brilliant,beautiful,pleasant,agreeable Pv.I,10<sup>9</sup> (=ramaṇīya dassanīya PvA.51); J.I,207; V,299; Vv 40<sup>2</sup> (so read for rurira); Mhvs 11,11; 18,68; Dāvs.IV,29; Miln.2,398; DhA.I,383 (=sobhana); VvA.12; PvA.156 (=vaggu).(Page 572),6,1
  10797. 378604,en,15,ruda,ruda,Ruda,Ruda,stands for ruta (cry) at 2 Jātaka passages,viz.J.I,207; VI,475 (ruda-ññu knowing the cries of all animals,expl<sup>d</sup> as “ruta-<em> jñā</em>,sabba-rāvaṁ jānāti” C.). Rudati &#38; Rodati [rud,the usual Sk.pres.being rodati,but forms fr.base rud° are Vedic and are later found also in Prk.(cp.Pischel Prk.Gr.§ 495):ruyai besides royai &#38; rodasi.-- The Idg.root is *<em>reud</em>,being an enlargement of *reu,as in ravati (q.v.).Cp.cognates Lat.rudo to cry,shout,bray; Lith.raudà wailing; Ohg.riozan= Ags.reotan.-- The Dhtp expl<sup>s</sup> rud by “rodane” (144),the Dhtm by “assu-vimocane” (206)] to cry,lament,weep,wail.-- Forms I.rud° (the older form):pres.rudati (not yet found); ppr.rudanto D.I,115; Sn.675,691; rudamāna M.I,341; A.II,95; Pug.62; Miln.275; Sdhp.281; and rudaṁ Pv.I,8<sup>4</sup>; also in cpd.rudam-mukha with weeping face J.VI,518 (assu-netta+); Pv.I,11<sup>2</sup>; ger.ruditvāna Mhvs 35,24; fut.rucchati J.V,366 and rucchiti J.VI,550 (=rodissati C.; see also rujati).‹-› II.rod° (the younger form &#38; the one peculiar to prose):pres.rodati J.I,55; III,169 (socati+); Pv.I,8<sup>7</sup> (socati+); I,12<sup>4</sup>; PvA.17,18; Pot.rode Pv.I,8<sup>5</sup> (=rodeyyaṁ PvA.64); ppr.rodanto J.I,65; f.rodantī PvA.16; med.rodamāna PvA.6; DA.I,284.-- aor.rodi J.I,167; DhA.II,17 (+hasi); fut.rodissati J.VI,550; ger.roditvā Mhvs 9,7; inf.rodituṁ J.I,55.-- Caus.II.rodāpeti to make someone cry DhA.II,86.-- pp.ruṇṇa,rudita &#38; rodita.(Page 573),4,1
  10798. 378648,en,15,rudda,rudda,Rudda,Rudda,(adj.) [cp.Sk.raudra &#38; Vedic rudra (a fierce demon or storm-deity; “the red one,” with Pischel from rud to be ruddy.See Macdonell,Vedic Mythology 74--77).The usual Pāli form is ludda.At Dhtp 473 &#38; Dhtm 135 a root<em> ruṭh</em> (or <em>luṭh</em>) is given in meaning “upaghāte” i.e.killing,which may represent this rud:see luṭhati] fierce,awful,terrible J.IV,416 (so luddako rudda-rūpo; v.l.ludda°); V,425,431 (su-ruddho,spelling for su-ruddo,very fierce,expl<sup>d</sup> as su-luddo supharuso); Mhvs 12,45 (rudda-rakkhasī,prob.with ref.to the demon Rudra; trsl<sup>n</sup> “fearsome female demon”; vv.ll.ruda°,ruddha°,dudda°).(Page 573),5,1
  10799. 378658,en,15,ruddha,ruddha,Ruddha,Ruddha,[pp.of rundhati] 1.obstructed,disturbed Dāvs 4,46.-- 2.at J.V,425 &#38; 431 in cpd.su-ruddha it stands for rudda (q.v.).-- Cp.upa°,ni°,paṭi° paṭivi°,vi°.(Page 573),6,1
  10800. 378688,en,15,rudhira,rudhira,Rudhira,Rudhira,(nt.) [late Vedic rudhira.Etym.connected with Lat.ruber red; Gr.e)ruqrόs red; Oicel.rodra blood,Goth.raups=Ger.rot=E.red] blood DhA.I,140; PvA.34 (for lohita; v.l.ruhira).See the more freq.words rohita &#38; lohita; a form ruhira (q.v.) occurs e.g.at Pv.I,9<sup>1</sup>.(Page 573),7,1
  10801. 378703,en,15,rudita,rudita,Rudita,Rudita,(nt.) [pp.of rudati,equivalent to ruṇṇa] crying,weeping PvA.18 (+assu-mocana,in expl<sup>n</sup> of ruṇṇa),63 (=paridevita).(Page 573),6,1
  10802. 378722,en,15,ruha,ruha,Ruha,Ruha,<sup>2</sup> [poetical for ruhira (rohita)=lohita] blood,in cpd.<i>ruhaṁghasa</i> blood-eater,a name for panther J.III,481 (=ruhira-bhakkha lohita-pāyin C.).(Page 574),4,1
  10803. 378723,en,15,ruha,ruha,Ruha,Ruha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>ruh</em><i>:</i> see rūhati] growing,a tree,in cpds.:jagati°,dharaṇi°,mahī°,etc.(Page 574),4,1
  10804. 378760,en,15,ruhana,rūhanā,Rūhanā,Rūhanā,(f.) [cp.Sk.rohaṇa,fr.<em>ruh</em><i>:</i> rūhati<sup>1</sup>] 1.growth J.II,322 (virūhanā C.).-- 2.healing (of a wound) Miln.112.(Page 576),6,1
  10805. 378788,en,15,ruhati,rūhati,Rūhati,Rūhati,<sup>2</sup> [for <em>rundh </em><i>(</i><em>rumbh</em>,<i> </i><em>rudh</em><i>)</i> or Pass.<i>rujjh°;</i> see also rumbhati &#38; ropeti<sup>2</sup>] to be broken or (fig.) to be suspended Vin.II,55 (dhammattā rūhati the liability is cancelled).-- pp.<i>rūḷha<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 576),6,1
  10806. 378789,en,15,ruhati,rūhati,Rūhati,Rūhati,<sup>1</sup> [the specific P.form of the usual Sk.P.<i>rohati</i> (q.v.).The root <em>ruh</em> is given at Dhtp 334 with meaning “janana” i.e.causing,which refers more to the compounds with prefixes] 1.to grow,spread It.67; J.IV,408 (akkhīni <i>rūhiṁsu</i>; also ppr.med.<i>ruyhamāna</i>); V,368; VI,360.-- 2.to heal (of a wound),close up Vin.I,206 (vaṇo na rūhati); -- 3.to have effect in (Loc.),to be effective Vin.II,203=It.87 (vādo tamhi na rūhati).-- pp.<i>rūḷha<sup>2</sup></i>.See also <i>rūhita</i> (pp.of Caus.rūheti=roheti).(Page 576),6,1
  10807. 378813,en,15,ruhira,ruhira,Ruhira,Ruhira,(nt.) [fr.rudhira] blood M.III,122; Th.1,568; Vin.II,193; Miln.125,220; Sdhp.38.<br><br> <i>--akkhita</i> (ruhir’akkhita) “besmeared with blood” J.IV,331,is to be read as ruhir’<i>ukkhita</i> of <i>ukṣ</i>).(Page 574),6,1
  10808. 378851,en,15,ruhita,rūhita,Rūhita,Rūhita,(nt.) [fr.rūhati<sup>1</sup>] a boil,a diseased growth (lit.“healed”) Vin.IV,316 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “yaṁ kiñci vaṇo”; v.l.rudhita).(Page 576),6,1
  10809. 378864,en,15,ruja,rujā,Rujā,Rujā,(f.) [fr.<em>ruj</em>,see rujati; cp.Sk.rujā] disease,pain Miln.172 (rujaṁ na karoti); Vism.69; DhA.IV,163 (accha° a bad pain).(Page 572),4,1
  10810. 378870,en,15,rujaka,rujaka,Rujaka,Rujaka,[fr.<em>ruj</em>?] a lute-player J.VI,51,52,given by Kern,Toev.s.v.as conjecture (vīṇaṁ) va rujaka for <i>virujaka</i>.The conjecture is based on C.reading “rujaka=vīṇāvādaka.” (Page 572),6,1
  10811. 378876,en,15,rujana,rujana,Rujana,Rujana,(nt.) [fr.<em>ruj</em>,cp.rujā] hurting,feeling pain J.II,437 (roga=rujana-sabhāvattaṁ); J.IV,147 (yāva piṭṭhiyā rujana-ppamāṇaṁ until his back ached).(Page 572),6,1
  10812. 378882,en,15,rujanaka,rujanaka,Rujanaka,Rujanaka,(adj.) [fr.rujana] aching,hurting DhA.IV,69 (aṅguli).(Page 572),8,1
  10813. 378896,en,15,rujati,rujati,Rujati,Rujati,[<em>ruj</em>,representing an Idg.<i>*leug</i>,as in Gr.leugalέos,lugrόs sad,awful; Lat.lugeo to mourn; Lith.lúžti to break; German lücke,loch etc.-- A specific Pāli l-form is lujjati.A der.fr.<em>ruj</em> is roga illness.-- The Dhtp (469) defines <em>ruj</em> by “bhaṅga” i.e.breaking] to break,crush; lit.to (cause) pain,to afflict,hurt (trs. &#38; intrs.) J.I,7 (pādā rujanti),396 (pādā me rujanti my feet ache); IV,208 (khandhena rujantena with hurting back); VI,3 (ūrū rujanti); Mhvs 10,15 (pādā me r.); Miln.26 (pādā r.); DhA.I,10,21 (akkhīni me rujiṁsu); II,3.-- fut.<i>rucchiti</i> [cp.Sk.<i>rokṣyate</i>] J.VI,80 (v.l.B.B.rujjati; C.takes wrongly as “rodissati,” of rodati).-- pp.<i>lugga</i>.-- Cp.<i>lujjati</i> &#38; comb<sup>ns</sup>.(Page 572),6,1
  10814. 378929,en,15,rujjhati,rujjhati,Rujjhati,Rujjhati,[Pass.of rundhati] to be broken up,to be destroyed J.III,181 (pāṇā rujjhanti; C.expl<sup>s</sup> by nirujjhati).Cp.<i>upa°</i>,<i> vi°</i>.(Page 572),8,1
  10815. 378935,en,15,ruka,ruka,Ruka,Ruka,in cpd.<i>aḍḍha°</i> at Vin.II,134,referring to the shape of a beard,is doubtful.The v.l.is “<i>duka</i>.” Could it correspond to Vedic <i>rukma</i> (a certain ornament worn on the chest)? (Page 571),4,1
  10816. 378943,en,15,rukkha,rukkha,Rukkha,Rukkha,[Vedic vṛkṣa.See Geiger,P.Gr.§ 13,with note.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 320 puts rukkha to Sk.<i>rukṣa</i> (shining which as Pischel,following Roth.says has also the meaning “tree” in Ṛgveda).The Prk.form is rukkha.Cp.Wackernagel,Altind.Gr.1,§ 184 b.We find a byform <i>rakkha</i> at J.III,144.Cp.Brethren,pp.185,416,where the B<sup>n</sup> MS.has rukkha kathā the meaning being rakkha°] a tree.In the rukkha-mūlik’aṅga (see below) Bdhgh at Vism.74 gives a list of trees which are not to be selected for the practice of “living at the root of a tree.” These are sīmantarika-rukkha,cetiya°,niyyāsa°,phala°,vagguli°,susira°,vihāra-majjhe ṭhita°,or a tree standing right on the border,a sacred tree,a resinous tree,a fruit t.,a tree on which bats live,a hollow tree,a tree growing in the middle of a monastery.The only one which is to be chosen is a tree “vihāra-paccante ṭhita,” or one standing on the outskirt of the Vihāra.He then gives further advice as to the condition of the tree.-- Various kinds of trees are given in the def<sup>n</sup> of r.at Vism.183,viz.assattha,nigrodha,kacchaka,kapitthaka; ucca,nīca,khuddaka,mahanto; kāḷa,seta.-- A very complete list of trees mentioned in the Saṁyutta Nikāya is to be found in the Index to that Nikāya (vol.vi.p.84,85) On rukkha in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,pp.128--130.-- See also the foll.refs.:A.I,137; II,109,207; III,19,200,360; IV 99,336; V,4 sq.,314 sq.; Sn.603,712; J.I,35 (nāga°); Vism.688 (in simile:mahārukkhe yāva kapp’âvasānā bījaparamparāya rukkha-paveṇiṁ santāyamāne ṭhite); VbhA.165=Vism.555 (rukkha phalita); VbhA.196 (in comp<sup>n</sup>:jātassa avassaṁ jarā-maraṇaṁ,uppannassa rukkhassa patanaṁ viya),334 sq.(as garu-bhaṇḍa); SnA 5 (“pathavi-ras’ādim iva rukkhe”:with same simile as at Vism.688,with reading kappâvasānaṁ and santānente); DhA.III,207 (amba°); VvA.43 (rāja°),198 (amba°); DhA.IV,120 (dīpa°); PvA.43.<br><br> <i>--antara</i> the inside of a tree PvA.63.<i>--koṭṭaka</i> (-sakuṇa) the wood-pecker J.III,327 (=java sakuṇa).<i>--gahana</i> tree-thicket or entanglement A.I,154 (so for °gahaṇa).<i>--devatā</i> a tree spirit,dryad,a yakkha inhabiting a tree (rukkhe adhivatthā d.Vin.IV,34; J.II,385; kakudhe adhivatthā d.Vin.I,28) J.I,168,322; II,405,438 sq.(eraṇḍa°),445; III,23; IV,308 (vanajeṭṭhaka-rukkhe nibbatta-devatā); DhA.II,16; PvA.5 (in a Nigrodha tree),43 (in the Vindhya forest).‹-› They live in a Nigrodha tree at the entrance of the village (J.I,169),where they receive offerings at the foot of the tree (cp.IV.474),and occasionally one threatens them with discontinuance of the offerings if they do not fulfil one’s request.The trees are their <i>vimānas</i> (J.I,328,442; IV,154),occasionally they live in hollow trees (J.I,405; III,343) or in tree tops (J.I,423).They have to rely on the food given to them (ibid.); for which they help the people (J.III,24; V,511).They assume various forms when they appear to the people (J.I,423; II,357,439; III,23); they also have children (Vin.IV,34; J.I,442).<i>--paveṇi</i> lineage of the tree Vism.688.<i>--pāṇikā</i> a wooden spoon Vism.124 (opp.to pāsāṇa°).<i>--mūla</i> the foot of a tree (taken as a dwelling by the ascetics for meditation:D.I,71,where several such lonely places are recommended,as arañña,r-m.,pabbata,kandara,etc.-- DA.I,209 specifies as “yaṁ kiñci sanda-cchāyaṁ vivittaṁ rukkha-mūlaṁ”); A.II,38; IV,139,392; S.I,199 (°gahana); It.102; Sn.708,958; Nd<sup>1</sup> 466; Pug.68; PvA.100 (v.l.sukkha-nadī),137 (Gaṇḍamba°,with ref.to the Buddha).--°gata one who undertakes living at the foot of a tree (as an ascetic) A.III,353; V,109 sq.,207,323 sq.; Pug.68.--°senāsana having one’s bed &#38; seat at the foot of a tree for meditative practices as a recluse Vin.I,58 (as one of the 4 nissayas:piṇḍiy’ālopa-bhojana,paṁsukūla-cīvara,r.-m.s.,pūti-mutta bhesajja),96 (id.); A.IV,231.<i>--mūlika</i> (a) one who lives at the foot of a tree,an open air recluse M.I,282; III,41; A.III,219; J.IV,8 (āraññaka,paṇṇasālaṁ akatvā r.,abbhokāsika); (b) belonging to the practice of a recluse living under a tree “tree rootman’s practice” (Vism.trsl<sup>n</sup> 84); as °aṅga one of the (13) <i>dhutaṅga-</i>practices; i.e.practices for a scrupulous way of living Vism.59,74,75 (mentioned between the ārannik’aṅga &#38; the abbhokāsik’- aṅga).<i>--mūlikatta</i> the practice of living (alone) under a tree M.III,41 (mentioned with paṁsukūlikatta &#38; piṇḍapātikatta); A.III,109 (id.).<i>--sunakha</i> “tree dog,” a cert.animal J.VI,538 (C.in expl<sup>n</sup> of naḷa-sannibha “reed-coloured”).<i>--susira</i> a hollow tree PvA.62.(Page 571),6,1
  10817. 379346,en,15,rula,rūḷa,Rūḷa,Rūḷa,[doubtful spelling; perhaps for <i>rūḷha</i>,evidently identical with <i>rudda</i>,as Trenckner suggests in Notes 63<sup>19</sup>] awful,terrible Miln.275 (synonymous with bhīma).(Page 575),4,1
  10818. 379352,en,15,rulha,rūḷha,Rūḷha,Rūḷha,<sup>2</sup> at Miln.217 &#38; 218 is a by-form of <i>ruddha</i>,pp.of <i>rundhati</i> (rumbhati) to obstruct; thus meaning “obstructed,difficult” (of a road,together with lugga palugga).Kern,Toev.s.v.trsl<sup>s</sup> (as rūḷha<sup>1</sup>) by “overgrown.” (Page 575),5,1
  10819. 379353,en,15,rulha,rūḷha,Rūḷha,Rūḷha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of rohati; of <em>ruh</em><i>;</i> Sk.rūḍha] 1.grown Sn.20 (°tiṇa).-- 2.(see rūhati) healed up Miln.291 (°vaṇa one whose wound has healed):cp.<i>rūhanā</i>.(Page 575),5,1
  10820. 379387,en,15,rulhi,rūḷhi,Rūḷhi,Rūḷhi,(f.) [fr.rūḷha,pp.of rohati,cp.Sk.rūḍhi] lit.ascent,growth see <i>vi°</i>.-- fig.what has grown by custom,tradition,popular meaning of a word <i>(°sadda)</i>.The fig.meaning is the one usually found in Pāli,esp.in Abhidhamma and Commentary literature; e.g.<i>rūḷhiyaṁ</i> by tradition,usually,commonly,VbhA.1 (as category with the 3 other:rāsi,guṇa,paṇṇattQ,<i>rūḷhito</i> id.VbhA.2; <i>rūḷhiyā</i> id.SnA 430; PvA.163; also <i>rūḷhi-vasena</i> VvA.42; or with <i>sadda:rūḷhi-sadda</i> usual meaning Vism.333; DhsA.205; <i>°saddena</i> in popular language,in ordinary speech,customarily,commonly speaking Tikp 253; Vism.310; DA.I,239,294:SnA 135,400.(Page 575),5,1
  10821. 379419,en,15,rumbhati,rumbhati,Rumbhati,Rumbhati,[so read for rumhati (Trenckner,Notes 59<sup>9</sup>; the root is another form of rudh (as in Prk.):see rundhati.The Dhtm (547) defines by “uppīḷana”] to obstruct,surround,besiege (=rundhati 3) J.VI,391 (where spelling rumhati; in phrase nagaraṁ r.).See also ni°,sanni°.-- pp.rūḷha.(Page 573),8,1
  10822. 379425,en,15,rumhaniya,rumhaniya,Rumhaniya,Rumhaniya,at M.I,480 is doubtful in spelling.The meaning is clearly “furthering growth,making or being prosperous,bringing luck” (comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>ojavant</i>),as also indicated by v.l.<i>ruḷh°</i>.Thus it cannot belong to <i>rumbh</i>,but must represent either <i>rup</i>,as given under ruppati in meaning “ropana” (Dhtm 837),or <i>ruh</i> (see rūhati).Kern,Toev.s.v.trsl<sup>s</sup> “tot groei geschikt” (i.e.able to grow),Neumann,“erquickend” (i.e.refreshing).(Page 574),9,1
  10823. 379429,en,15,rumma,rumma,Rumma,Rumma,(adj.) [put down (rightly) by Geiger,P.Gr.§ 53 as different fr.Sk.rukma (shining); Morris,J.P.T.S.1893,12 tried the etym.rumma=Sk.rumra “tawny,” oṛ rukma (rukmin) shiny.It is still an unsolved problem.It may not be far off to trace a relation (by miswriting,dissimilation or false analogy) to ruppa in sense of ruppati,or to ruj,or even rudda.The C.expl<sup>n</sup> of all the rumma- &#38; rummin passages is anañjita,i.e.unkempt] miserable,dirty,poorly,in cpds.<i>°rūpin</i> J.IV,387 (=lūkhavesa C.),with v.l.duma°; and <i>°vāsin</i> poorly dressed J.IV,380.(Page 573),5,1
  10824. 379439,en,15,rummin,rummin,Rummin,Rummin,<i>=rumma</i> (dirty-soiled) J.IV,322 (v.l.dummi); VI,194 (do.).(Page 574),6,1
  10825. 379440,en,15,run,ruṇ,Ruṇ,Ruṇ,a sound-particle,denoting a heavy fall,something like “thud” J.I,418.(Page 572),3,1
  10826. 379464,en,15,rundhati,rundhati,Rundhati,Rundhati,[<em>rundh</em> or<em> rudh</em>,both roots in Vedic Sk.-- Dhtp (375,425) expl<sup>s</sup> by “āvaraṇe”; id.Dhtm (608,662).] 1.to restrain,hinder,prevent,obstruct,keep out Cp.III,10<sup>7</sup>; Miln.313 (+upa°).-- 2.to conceal,hide,cover up Th.2,238 (ppr.rundhanto); PvA.88 (ppr.rundhamāna).-- 3.in phrase nagaraṁ r.to surround or besiege a town J.I,409 (aor.rundhi); III,159 (°itvā); IV,230 (°iṁsu).-- Pass rujjhati; pp.ruddha &#38; rūḷha.‹-› See also upa°,paṭi° paṭivā,vi°,Note.The roots <em>rudh</em> &#38; <em>rundh</em> are also found in Prk.(see Pischel § 507); besides we have a by-form <em>rubh</em> in Prk.as well as in Pāli:see Pischel,§ 266,507,and P.rumbhati.(Page 573),8,1
  10827. 379502,en,15,runna,ruṇṇa,Ruṇṇa,Ruṇṇa, &#38; Roṇṇa [pp.of rudati for Sk.rudita,after analogy of other roots in --d,as tud›tunna,pad›panna,nud› nunna.The BSk.forms are both ruṇḍa (Mvastu II.218,224) and <i>ruṇṇa</i> (MVastu III,116); Prk.ruṇṇa (Pischel § 566).See rudati &#38; cp.āruṇṇa] 1.(pp.) crying,in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>ruṇṇa-mukha</i> with tearful face J.VI,525 (C.rudam°); Miln.148.-- 2.(nt.) weeping,crying,lamentation Th.1,554; A.I,261; Sn.584 (+soka); Pv.I,4<sup>3</sup>; Milo 357.As <i>roṇṇa</i> at A.IV,197,223; Th.1,555; J.III,166.(Page 572),5,1
  10828. 379539,en,15,rupa,rūpa,Rūpa,Rūpa,(nt.) [cp.Vedic rūpa,connected etymologically with varpa (Grassmann).-- The Nom.pl.is rūpā &#38; rūpāni] form,figure,appearance,principle of form,etc.-- A.Definitions.According to P.expositors rūpa takes its designation fr.<i>ruppati</i>,e.g.“ruppanato rūpaṁ” Vism.588; “ruppan’aṭṭhena r.” VbhA.3; “rūpa-rūpaṁ= ruppana sabhāvena yuttaṁ” Cpd.156<sup>7</sup> (where <i>ruppati</i> is,not quite correctly,given as “change”),“ruppatī ti:tasmā rūpan ti vuccati” S.III,86; other def<sup>ns</sup> are “rūpayatī ti rūpaṁ” (with cakkhu &#38; the other 10 āyatanas) VbhA.45; and more scientifically:“paresu rūp’ādisu cakkhu-paṭihanana lakkhaṇaṁ rūpaṁ” Vism.446.-- Of modern interpretations &#38; discussions see e.g.Dhs.trsl.introd.ch.vi.(pp.41--63,or <sup>2</sup>48--71); Dial.II.244; Expos.67<sup>n</sup>; Cpd.270 sq.(where objections are raised to trsl<sup>n</sup> “form,” and as better (philosophical) terms “matter,” “material quality” are recommended).See also <i>loka</i> for similar etym.-- B.(lit.) appearance,form,figure Dhs.597 sq.(=form either contrasted with what is unseen,or taken for both seen and unseen),751; Mhvs 27,30 (sīha-vyagghādirūpāni representations of lions,tigers etc.); 30,68 (ravicanda-tāra-rūpāni id.); 36,31 (loha° bronze statue); ThA.257.-- Esp.beautiful form,beauty S.IV,275= Pv.II,9<sup>58</sup> (as one of the 10 attributes,with sadda etc.,of distinction:see also below D.II,a); Miln.285; Mhvs 20,4 (rūpa-māninī proud of her beauty); PvA.89.--<i>surūpa</i> very beautiful ThA.72; <i>durūpa</i> of evil form,ugly A.II,203 sq.(dubbaṇṇa+).-- In phrase <i>rūpaṁ sikkhati</i> Vin.I,77=IV.129 the meaning is doubtful; it may be “to study drawing,or arts &#38; craft,” or (with Mrs.Rh.D.) “weights &#38; measures,” or (w.Hardy) “money changing.” It is said that through this occupation the eyes become bad; it is opposed to <i>gaṇanā</i>.-- C.(-°) of such &#38; such a form,like,kind,of a certain condition or appearance.In this appl<sup>n</sup> very frequent &#38; similar to E.--hood,or Ger.--heit,i.e.an abstract formation.Often untranslatable because of the latter character.It is similar to <i>kāya</i> (cp.expl<sup>n</sup> of ātura‹-› <i>rūpa</i> Vv 83<sup>14</sup> by abhitunna-<i>kāya</i> Vva 328),but not so much with ref.to life &#38; feeling as to appearance and looks.E.g.aneka° Sn.1079 (=anekavidha Nd<sup>2</sup> 54); adissamāna° invisible PvA.6 (lit.with invisible form); ummatta° as if mad,under the appearance of madness,like a madman Pv.I,8<sup>1</sup>; II,6<sup>3</sup>; eva° in such a condition Pv.II,1<sup>5</sup>; tapassī° appearing to be an ascetic Pv.I,3<sup>2</sup>; tāraka° the (shapes of the) stars Dhs.617; deva° as a deva PvA.92.Pleonastically e.g.in:anupatta° attaining Pv IV.1<sup>66</sup>; taramāna° quickly Pv.II,6<sup>2</sup>; yutta° fit PvA.157; sucitta° variegated Pv.I,10<sup>9</sup>.-- Cases ad verbially:citta-<i>rūpaṁ</i> according to intention Vin.III,161; IV,177; cetabba-rūpaṁ fit to be thought upon J.IV,157.(=°yuttakaṁ C.).--atta-<i>rūpena</i> on my own account S.IV,97; godha-<i>rūpena</i> as an iguana Mhvs 28,9.-- D.(as philos.t.t.) principle of (material) form,materiality,visibility.-- There are var.groups of psychological and metaphysical systematizations,in which rūpa functions as the material,gross factor,by the side of other,more subtle factors.In all these representations of rūpa we find that an element of moral psychology overshadows the purely philosophical &#38; speculative aspect.A detailed (Abhidhammatic) discussion of rūpa in var.aspects is to be found at Dhs.§ 585--980.‹-› 1.rūpa as <i>āyatana</i> or sense object.It is the object of the activity or sphere of the organ of sight (cakkhu).As such it heads the list of the 6 bāhirāni āyatanāni (see e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> p.238 A-E &#38; āyatana<sup>3</sup>) with “cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā” (the others:sota›sadda,ghāna›gandha,jivhā›rasa,kāya›phoṭṭhabba,mano›dhamma),cp.cakkhu-viññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā etc.D.I,245; M.I,266; cakkhunā rūpaṁ passati iṭṭha-rūpaṁ kanta-rūpaṁ etc.S.IV,126; -- see further:Vin.I,34 (sabbaṁ ādittaṁ:cakkhuṁ ādittaṁ,rūpa ādittā etc.with sequence of other āyatanas); D.II,308 sq.,336 sq.; M.III,18 (yaṁ kho rūpaṁ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṁ somanassaṁ,ayaṁ rūpe assādo; cp.Ps.II,109 sq.),291 (ye te cakkhu-viññeyyesu rūpesu avīta-rāgā etc.); Ps.I,79; II,38 (rūpī rūpāni passatī ti vimokkho); Dhs.617,653,878; Tikp 28.‹-› 2.(metaphysically) as the representative of sensory or material existence:(a) universally as forming the corporeal stratum in the world of appearance or form (<i>rūpa-</i> bhava) as compared with the incorporeal (<i>arūpa-</i>bhava),being itself above,and yet including the <i>kāma-</i>bhava.(The kāmabhava is a subdivision of rūpabhava,which has got raised into a third main division.) This triad is also found in comb<sup>ns</sup> with <i>loka</i> or <i>dhātu</i> (see dhātu 2 a &#38; d),or <i>avacara</i>.See e.g.D.I,17; III,215 (°dhātu),216 (°bhava); Kvu 370 sq.(°dhātu); Dhs.499 (°âvacara),585 (°dhātu); Vbh.17 (°āvacara),25 (as garu-pariṇāma &#38; dandha-nirodha comp<sup>d</sup> with arūpa).A similar sequence <i>rūpa arūpa </i>&<i> nirodha</i> (i.e.nibbāna) in old verses at Sn.755; It.45,62 (rūpehi arūpā santatarā,arūpehi nirodho santataro).On indriya-rūpa “faculty as form” see indriya B.-- (b) individually in the sphere of saṁsāra as one (i.e.the material quality) of the substrata of sensory individual existence or the khandhas.They are the 5:rūpa-kkhandha,vedanā°,saññā°,saṅkhārā°,viññāṇa°; otherwise called <i>rūp’ûpādāna-kkhandha</i> etc.(e.g.D.III,223,278; Vism.443).See khandha II.B.-- In this property rūpa consists of 28 subdivisions,viz.the 4 (great) dhātūs (mahābhūtāni or else bhūta-rūpa primary matter) and 24 upādārūpāni (i.e.derivative forms or accidentals).These are given in extenso in the rūpakkhandha section of the Vism.(pp.443--450),also at Dhs.585; the 24 consist of:cakkhu,sota,ghāna,jivhā,kāya,rūpa,sadda,gandha,rasa,itthindriya,purisindriya,jīvitindriya,hadaya‹-› vatthu,<i>kāya-</i>viññatti,vacī-viññatti,ākāsa-dhātu,(rūpassa) lahutā mudutā kammaññatā,upacaya santati jaratā aniccatā,kabaḷiṅkār’--āhāra; cp.def<sup>n</sup> at Nett 73:cātu-mahābhūtikaṁ rūpaṁ catunnaṁ ca mahābhūtānaṁ upādāya rūpassa paññatti.The <i>rūpakkhandha</i> shares with the others the qualities of soullessness,evanescence and ill (anattā,anicca,dukkha); e.g.rūpañ ca h’idaṁ attā abhavissa,na y’idaṁ rūpaṁ ābadhāya saṁvatteyya Vin.I,13,cp.similarly M.III,282 sq.; S.III,66; quoted and expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at Vism.610; rūpaṁ aniccaṁ Vin.I,14; M.I,228; III,18 (also expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.610); S.III,48,66,88; rūpe anicc’ânupassanā Ps.II,186 sq.-- See also D.II,301; III,233; Ps.I,23,53,104; II,96,102,109 (rūpassa ādīnavo); Vbh.1.sq.,12 sq.(in detail); Kvu 11 sq.; Vism.443 sq.; Tikp 33; VbhA.2,3,32 sq.=S.III,142 (with var.similes); DhA.IV,100.-- (c) in the making up of the individuality as such (<i>nāma-rūpa</i>),where in contrast with <i>nāma</i> (as abstract,logical,invisible or mind-factor) <i>rūpa</i> represents the visible (material) factor,resembling <i>kāya</i> (cp.phrase nāma-kāya in same sense).The foll.are current def<sup>ns</sup> of <i>nāma-rūpa:nāma-(kāya)</i>=vedanā,saññā,cetanā,phassa,manasikāra (otherwise citta-saṅkhārā),<i>rūpa(--kāya)</i>=cattāro mahā-bhūtā catunnaṁ m-bhūtānaṁ upādāya rūpaṁ (otherwise kāya-saṅkhārā) S.II,4; III,59 sq.; Ps.I,183; with expl<sup>ns</sup> at Vism.558 &#38; VbhA.169.Defined at Nett 15:“ye phassa-pañcamakā dhammā:idaṁ nāmaṁ,yāni pañc’indriyāni rūpāni:idaṁ rūpaṁ,tad ubhayaṁ nāmarūpaṁ viññāṇa-sampayuttaṁ.” Discussed in detail also at Vism.562 (=VbhA.173,174),587--597; cp.DhsA.392 (Expos.500,where “mind-matter” is given as corresp.couple in trsl<sup>n</sup>,do.Cpd.271 sq.“mind and body”).See also under paṭicca-samuppāda.-- 3.various references:D.III,102,212,225,244,273; M.I,84 (Gotamo kāmānaṁ pariññaṁ paññāpeti,rūpānaṁ,vedanānaṁ); S.II,198; III,11 (evaṁ-rūpo siyaṁ,evaṁ vedano etc.),101 (id., &#38; the khandhas); Sn.867,874,943,1037,1121; Nd<sup>1</sup> 425; Tikp 36,38,54,262; Vism.625 (uppajjanaka°).<br><br> <i>--ārammaṇa</i> a visible thing as object Dhs.146,365; DhsA.310 (cp.Expos.407).<i>--âvacara</i> world of form,sphere of matter (cp.Expos.67,216<sup>n</sup>,264) PvA.163.<i>--ûpaga</i> (satta) (a being) living in (bodily) form It.62; Sn.754.<i>--ūpajīvinī</i> f.a woman living on her beauty,i.e.a harlot PvA.46,201.<i>--ññu</i> knowing (var.) bodily forms M.I,220=A.V,347.<i>--taṇhā</i> craving after form D.II,309; III,216,244,280; VbhA.179 (in det.).<i>--dakkha</i> one clever in forms,viz.an artist (accountant?) Miln.344 (in the Dhamma-nagara).<i>--dhātu</i> the element of form,material element Vism.486; Nett 32,97.See above D 2.<i>--nimitta</i> sign of form Ps.I,92.<i>--patta</i> beautiful J.I,61.<i>--pamāṇika</i> measuring by form (outward appearance),one of the 4 kinds of measurements which the world takes of the Tathāgata (see A.II,71 &#38; Pug.53),viz.rūpa°,ghosa°,lūkha°,dhamma° DhA.III,113; the same four similarly at SnA 242.<i>--pātubhāva</i> appearance of form (also as °antara° intermediate form) SnA 245.<i>--bhava</i> material existence:see above D 2.<i>--rāga</i> lust after rebirth in rūpa D.III,234 (+arūpa°); Nett 28 (pañc’indriyāni rūpīni rūpa-rāgassa padaṭṭhānaṁ.<i>--rūpa</i> material form (mutable material quality?) Cpd.156,doubtful trsl<sup>n</sup> &#38; expl<sup>n</sup> <i>--saññā</i> perception of material qualities,notion of form D.I,34; II,112 (expl<sup>d</sup> in det.at Vism.328); III,224,244,253; Nd<sup>2</sup> 545; DhsA.200 (cp.Expos.269).<i>--saññin</i> perceiving form D.III,260; Ps.II,38; Sn.1113.<i>--santati</i> duration of material form Vism.431; VbhA.21.<i>--samussaya</i> accumulation of form,complex form ThA.98.<i>--samāpatti</i> attainment of beauty J.I,406.<i>--sampatti</i> beauty J.III,187.<i>--siri</i> personal splendour J.I,60.(Page 574),4,1
  10829. 379843,en,15,rupaka,rūpaka,Rūpaka,Rūpaka,(nt.) [fr.rupa] form,figure; likeness of,image (-°); representation Vin.II,113 (rūpak’okiṇṇāni pattāni,of painted bowls); Th.2,394 (see ruppa°); DhA.I,370 (maṇi° jewelled image); II,69 (assa° toy horse); Mhvs 25,26 (rāja°); 27,30 (devatā° shape of devas); VvA.213.<i>--dūrūpaka</i> of squalid appearance J.II,167; cp.<i>durūpa</i>.(Page 575),6,1
  10830. 380641,en,15,rupata,rūpatā,Rūpatā,Rūpatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.rūpa] (being) shape(d),appearance; accordance,conformity,in phrase <i>bhavya-rūpatāya</i> “by appearance of likelihood” A.II,191 (in hearsay formula,where it is missing in id.passage at Nd<sup>2</sup> 151).(Page 575),6,1
  10831. 380657,en,15,rupatta,rūpatta,Rūpatta,Rūpatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.rūpa] lit.“form-hood,” i.e.shaping (being) shape(d) S.III,87 (rūpaṁ rūpattāya saṅkhātaṁ).(Page 575),7,1
  10832. 380792,en,15,rupavant,rūpavant,Rūpavant,Rūpavant,(adj.) [rūpa+vant] 1.having bodily form S.III,16 &#38; passim (in formula of sakkāya-diṭṭhi); Dhs.1003.-- 2.having the form of (-°) Mhvs 14,3 (gokaṇṇa°).-- 3.beautiful Mhvs 10,30 (f.rūpavatī).(Page 575),8,1
  10833. 380936,en,15,rupeti,rūpeti,Rūpeti,Rūpeti,[Caus.denom.fr.rūpa] 1.to put into shape,to make appear,to make grow (?) SnA 132,143 (v.l.ropeti).-- 2.to be formed,to appear,to come to notice,in def<sup>n</sup> of <i>rūpa</i> at VbhA.45:“rūpayatī ti rūpaṁ.” (Page 575),6,1
  10834. 380967,en,15,rupika,rūpika,Rūpika,Rūpika,(adj.) [fr.rūpa] having shape; neg.<i>a°</i> formless Sdhp.236 (rūp’ârūpika).(Page 575),6,1
  10835. 380974,en,15,rupin,rūpin,Rūpin,Rūpin,(adj.) [fr.rūpa] 1.having material qualities,possessed of form or shape or body or matter,belonging to the realm of form.<i>rūpī</i> is nearly always comb<sup>d</sup> &#38; contrasted with <i>arūpī</i> formless,incorporeal (see rūpa D 2 a),cp.comb<sup>n</sup> rūpī arūpī saññī asaññī nevasaññinâsaññī Nd<sup>2</sup> 617 and similarly It.87=Miln.217.-- D.I,34 (attā dibbo rūpī),77 (kāyo r.manomayo),186 (attā etc.),195 (attapaṭilābho r.manomayo); III,111,139; M.II,229; S.III,46 (r.<i>arūpī</i> saññī etc.); IV,202,402; A.II,34; Nd<sup>1</sup> 97,137; Ps.II,38 (rūpī rūpāni passati); Dhs.635,1091,1444; Vbh.123,342 (read rūpī); Nett 28 (pañc’indriyāni rūpīni),69 (five rūpīni indriyāni &#38; five arūpīni); DA.I,119 (attā); DhsA.304 (rūpino dhammā); VbhA.511 sq.(attā).-- 2.(-°) having the appearance of,resembling:see <i>rumma°</i>.(Page 575),5,1
  10836. 381001,en,15,rupiya,rūpiya,Rūpiya,Rūpiya,<sup>2</sup> see <i>ruppa</i>.(Page 575),6,1
  10837. 381002,en,15,rupiya,rūpiya,Rūpiya,Rūpiya,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.rūpya,lit.of splendid appearance,cp.name for gold jātarūpa] silver Vin.III,239 (here collectively for any transactions in “specie,” as expl<sup>d</sup> by C.p.240:rūpiyaṁ nāma satthu-vaṇṇo kahāpaṇo lohamāsako dārumāsako jatumāsako; i.e.copper,wood &#38; lac); S.I,104 (suddhaṁ r.); II,233; Dhs.584.<br><br> <i>--maya</i> made of silver Vin.II,112; S.III,144 (sovaṇṇamaya+); Pv.II,6<sup>4</sup> (where in sequence sovaṇṇa°,maṇi°,loha° r.; expl<sup>d</sup> as “rajatamaya” PvA.95); DhA.I,29.(Page 575),6,1
  10838. 381098,en,15,ruppa,ruppa,Ruppa,Ruppa,in ruppa-rūpakaṁ (nt.) Th.2,394 is not clear.It refers to something which is not rūpa,yet pretends to be rūpa,i.e.a sham performance or show.Thus ruppa may correspond to *rūpya &#38; with rūpaka mean “having the form (i.e.the appearance) of form,i.e.substantiality.“ The Cy.(ThA.259) interprets as “rūpiya-rūpasadisaṁ sāraṁ sāraṁ upaṭṭhahantaṁ asāran ti attho”; and Mrs.Rh.D.(Sisters,p.154) trsl<sup>s</sup>:“deluded by puppet shows (seen in the midst of the crowd).” Ruppati [rup=lup,one of the rare cases of P.r.representing a Sk.1.,whereas the opposite is frequent.The same sound change Idg.,as Lat.rumpo to break corresponds to Sk.lumpati.Besides we find the Sk.form ropayati to break off.-- The root has nothing to do with rūpa,although the P.Commentators combine these two.-- Cp.also Sk.ropa hole; Ags.rēofan to break,rēaf (theft)= Ger.raub,rauben,and many other cognates (see Walde s.v.rumpo).-- The root<em> rup</em> is def<sup>d</sup> at Dhtm by nās,i.e.to destroy; another rup is given at Dhtm 837 in meaning “ropana”] to be vexed,oppressed,hurt,molested (always with ref.to an illness or pain) Sn.767 (salla-viddho va r.) 1121; Nd<sup>1</sup> 5 (=kuppati,ghaṭṭiyati,pīḷiyati); Nd<sup>2</sup> 543 (=kuppati pīḷayati ghaṭayati).-- ppr.Gen.ruppato S.I,198 (salla-viddhassa r.; expl<sup>d</sup> at K.S.320 by “ghaṭṭan-atthena”)= Sn.331 (reads salla-viddhāna ruppataṁ,i.e.pl.instead of sg.); Th.1,967 (salla-viddhassa ruppato (C.sarīravikāraṁ āpajjato,Brethren,338); J.II,437 (C.ghaṭṭiyamāna pīḷiyamāna)=Vism.49 (dukkhitassa r.); J.III,169 (salla-viddhassa r.=ghaṭṭiyamāna C.).--ruppati to Pāli exegesis with its fondness of allegorical (“orthodox”) interpretation,is the etym.base of rūpa,thus at S.III,86:“ruppatī ti tasmā rūpan ti vuccati kena r.? sītena,uṇhena etc.(all kinds of material dukkha:dukkha II.3<sup>b</sup>) ruppati.” -- Or at Sn.1121 (ruppanti rūpena), &#38; at other passages given under rūpa (A).See also ruppana.(Page 573),5,1
  10839. 381110,en,15,ruppana,ruppana,Ruppana,Ruppana,(nt.) [fr.rup) molestation,vexation,trouble J.III,368 (=ghaṭṭana dūsana kuppana C.).Frequent in allegorical exegesis of rūpa,e.g.at DhsA.52 (naman’aṭṭhena nāmaṁ ruppan’aṭṭhena rūpaṁ),303 (rūp’ādīhi ruppana-bhāva-dīpana); VbhA.4 (ruppan’aṭṭhena rūpaṁ in expl<sup>n</sup> of passage S.III,86 (mentioned under ruppati); KhA 78,79 (ruppan’aṭṭhena ...rūpaṁ rūpaṁ ti vuccati).(Page 573),7,1
  10840. 381208,en,15,rurira,rurira,Rurira,Rurira,at Vv 40<sup>2</sup> is misprint for <i>rucira</i>.(Page 574),6,1
  10841. 381214,en,15,ruru,ruru,Ruru,Ruru,[Vedic ruru:RV VI,75,15] a sort of deer,a stag; usually called <i>ruru-miga</i> J.IV,256,261; V,406 (pl.rohitā rurū),416.Cp.<i>ruruva</i>.(Page 574),4,1
  10842. 381240,en,15,rusita,rusita,Rusita,Rusita,[pp.of <em>ruṣ</em> to be vexed.The Dhtp defines by “rose” (306,450),“pārusiye” (626); Dhtm has 2 roots viz.one with “ālepe” (442),the other with “hiṁsāyaṁ” (443)] annoyed,irritated,offended Sn.932,971 (expl<sup>d</sup> by Nd<sup>1</sup> 498 as “khuṁsita,vambhita,ghaṭṭita” etc.).See rosa,roseti etc.(Page 574),6,1
  10843. 381252,en,15,ruta,ruta,Ruta,Ruta,(nt.) [pp.of ravati:see rava &#38; ravati] noise,sound‹-› (ing); cry,singing Th.1,1103; J.I,207 (T.reading ruda is expl<sup>d</sup> in C.as <i>ruta</i> with <i>°da</i> for <i>°ta:</i> ta-kārassa dakāro kato); III,276 (sabba-ruta-jānana-manta:spell of knowing all animal-sounds; T.reads rūta; cp.sabbarāva-jānana J.III,415); VI,475 (rudaññu=ruta-jña C.; same meaning); Miln.178 (sakuṇa-ruta-ravita); VvA.(karavīka°).(Page 573),4,1
  10844. 381257,en,15,ruta,rūta,Rūta,Rūta,at J.III,276 read <i>ruta</i> (q.v.).(Page 574),4,1
  10845. 381269,en,15,ruthati,ruṭhati,Ruṭhati,Ruṭhati,see luṭhati &#38; cp.rudda.(Page 572),7,1
  10846. 381272,en,15,rutta,rutta,Rutta,Rutta,in du° &#38; su° at DhsA.396 is to be read as dur- and<i> su(r)--utta </i>(see utta).(Page 573),5,1
  10847. 381278,en,15,ruttha,ruṭṭha,Ruṭṭha,Ruṭṭha,[pp.of <em>ruṣ</em><i>;</i> Sk.ruṣṭa] vexed,cross,enraged J.IV,358 (opp.to tuṭṭha v.l.atuṭṭha) V,211 (gloss kuddha); Dāvs III,37.(Page 572),6,1
  10848. 381288,en,15,ruyhati,ruyhati,Ruyhati,Ruyhati,is Med.of <i>rūhati</i> (rohati),q.v.(Page 574),7,1
  10849. 381302,en,15,sa,sa,Sa,Sa,<sup>4</sup> (reflex.pron.) [Vedic sva &#38; svayaṁ (=P.sayaṁ); Idg.*seǔo,*sǔe; cp.Av.hava &#38; hva own; Gr.e(όs &#38; o(ζ his own; Lat.sui,suus; Goth.swēs own,sik=Ger.sich himself; etc.] own M.I,366; D.II,209; Sn.905; J.II,7; III,164,323 (Loc.samhi lohite),402 (Acc.saṁ his own,viz.kinsman; C=sakaṁ janaṁ); IV,249 (saṁ bhātaraṁ); Pv.II,12<sup>1</sup>=DhA.III,277 (Acc.san tanuṁ); Instr.sena on one’s own,by oneself J.V,24 (C.not quite to the point:mama santakena).Often in composition,like sadesa one’s own country Dāvs.I,10.Cp.saka.(Page 655),2,1
  10850. 381303,en,15,sa,sa,Sa,Sa,<sup>3</sup> [identical with saṁ°] prefix,used as first pt.of compounds,is the sense of “with,” possessed of,having,same as; e.g.sadevaka with the devas Vin.I,8; sadhammika having common faith D.II,273; sajāti having the same origin J.II,108.Often opposed to a- and other neg.prefixes (like nir°).Sometimes almost pleonastical (like sa-antara).-- Of combinations we only mention a few of those in which a vocalic initial of the 2<sup>nd</sup> pt.remains uncontracted.Other examples see under their heading in alph.order.E.g.sa-antara inside DhA.III,788 (for santara Dh.315); sa-Inda together with Indra D.II,261,274; A.V,325 sq.; °-uttara having something beyond,inferior (opp.an°) D.I,80; II,299=M.I,59; Dhs.1292,1596; DhsA.50; °-uttaracchada ( &#38; °chadana) a carpet with awnings above it D.I,7≈; II,187 (°ava); A.I,181; Vin.I,192; DA.I,87; --°udaka with water,wet Vin.I,46; --°udariya born from the same womb,a brother J.IV,417,cp.sodariya; --°uddesa with explanation It.99; Vism.423 (nāma-gotta-vasena sa-udd.; vaṇṇ’ādi-vasena sākāra); --°upanisa together with its cause,causally associated S.II,30; --°upavajja having a helper M.III,266; --°upādāna showing attachment M.II,265; --°upādisesa having the substratum of life remaining Sn.354; It.38; Nett 92.Opp.anupādisesa; --°ummi roaring of the billows It.57,114.-- Note.sa<sup>2</sup> &#38; sa<sup>3</sup> are differentiations of one and the same sa,which is originally the deictic pronoun in the function of identity &#38; close connection.See etym.under saṁ°.(Page 655),2,1
  10851. 381304,en,15,sa,sa,Sa,Sa,<sup>2</sup> [Idg.*so- (m.),*sā- (f.); Nom.sg.to base *to- of the oblique cases; cp.Sk.sa (saḥ),sā; Av.hō,hā; Gr.o(,h(; Goth.sa,sō; Ags.sē “the” (=that one); pe-s=E.thi-s] base of the Nom.of the demonstr.pron.that,he,she.The form sg.m.sa is rare (e.g.Dh.142; Sn.89).According to Geiger (P.Gr.§ 105) sa occurs in Sn.40 times,but so 124 times.In later Pāli sa is almost extinct.The final o of so is often changed into v before vowels,and a short vowel is lengthened after this v:svājja Sn.998=so ajja; svāhaṁ J.I,167=so ahaṁ; svāyaṁ Vin.I,2=so ayaṁ.The foll.vowel is dropped in so maṁ It.57=so imaṁ.-- A form se is Māgadhism for nt.Acc.sg.taṁ,found e.g.at D.II,278,279; M.II,254,255,and in comb<sup>n</sup> seyyathā,seyyathīdaṁ (for which taṁyathā Miln.1).An idiomatic use is that of so in meaning of “that (he or somebody),” e.g.“so vata ...palipanno paraṁ palipannaṁ uddharissatī ti:n’etaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati” M.I,45; cp.“sā ‘haṁ dhammaṁ nâssosiṁ” that I did not hear the Dh.Vv 40<sup>5</sup>.Or in the sense of a cond.(or causal) part.“if,” or “once,” e.g.sa kho so bhikkhu ...upakkileso ti iti viditvā ...upakkilesaṁ pajahati “once he has recognised ...” M.I,37.Cp.ya° II.2 b.On correl.use with ya° (yo so etc.) see ya° II.1.(Page 655),2,1
  10852. 381305,en,15,sa,sa,Sa,Sa,<sup>1</sup> the letter s (sa-kāra) SnA 23; or the syllable sa DhA.II,6; PvA.280.(Page 655),2,1
  10853. 381324,en,15,sa,sā,Sā,Sā,see under San<sup>1</sup>.(Page 701),2,1
  10854. 381355,en,15,sabala,sabala,Sabala,Sabala,[Vedic śabala (e.g.A.V,8,1,9)=kέrberos,Weber,Ind.Stud.II.297] spotted,variegated Sn.675; Vism.51; VvA.253; name of one of the dogs in the Lokantara hell J.VI,106,247 (Sabálo ca Sāmo ca).asabala,unspotted D.II,80.<br><br> <i>--kārin</i> acting inconsistently A.II,187.(Page 680),6,1
  10855. 381376,en,15,sabba,sabba,Sabba,Sabba,(adj.) [Vedic sarva=Av.haurva (complete); Gr.o(λos (“holo-caust”) whole; Lat.solidus &#38; soldus “solid,” perhaps also Lat.salvus safe) whole,entire; all,every D.I,4; S.IV,15; Vin.I,5; It.3; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.,Nom.pl.<i>sabbe</i> Sn.66; Gen.pl.<i>sabbesaṁ</i> Sn.1030.-- nt.<i>sabbaṁ</i> the (whole) world of sense-experience S.IV,15,cp.M.I,3.-- At Vism.310 “<i>sabbe</i>” is defined as “anavasesa-pariyādānaṁ.” In comp<sup>n</sup> with superlative expressions <i>sabba°</i> has the meaning of “(best) of all,” quite,very,nothing but,all round; entirely:<i>°bāla</i> the greatest fool D.I,59; <i>°paṭhama</i> the very first,right in front PvA.56; <i>°sovaṇṇa</i> nothing but gold Pv.I,2<sup>1</sup>; II,9<sup>11</sup>; <i>°kaniṭṭha</i> the very youngest PvA.III; <i>°atthaka</i> in every way useful; <i>°saṅgāhika</i> thoroughly comprehensive SnA 304.-- In connection with numerals <i>sabba°</i> has the distributive sense of “of each,” i.e.so &#38; so many things of each kind,like <i>°catukka</i> (with four of each,said of a gift or sacrifice) J.III,44; DhA.III,3; <i>°aṭṭhaka</i> (dāna) (a gift consisting of 8 X 8 things) Miln.291.See detail under <i>aṭṭha</i> B 1.a.-- <i>°soḷasaka</i> (of 16 each) DhA.III,3; <i>°sata</i> (of 100 each) DhA.II,6.-- Cases adverbially:Instr.<i>sabbena</i> sabbaṁ altogether all,i.e.with everything [cp.BSk.sarvena sarvaṁ Divy 39,144,270; 502] D.II,57; PvA.130; 131.-- Abl.<i>sabbato</i> “all round,” in every respect Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup>; J.VI,76; &#38; <i>sabbaso</i> altogether,throughout D.I,34; Sn.288; Dh.265; PvA.119; Nd<sup>1</sup> 421; DhA.IV,100.-- Derivations:1.<i>sabbattha</i> everywhere,under all circumstances S.I,134; Dh.83; Sn.269; Nd 133; PvA.1,18,107; VbhA.372 sq.<i>°kaṁ</i> everywhere J.I,15,176,172; Dāṭh.V,57.-- 2.<i>sabbathā</i> in every way; sabbathā sabbaṁ completely D.II,57; S.IV,167.-- 3.<i>sabbadā</i> always Sn.174,197,536; Dh.202; Pv.I,9<sup>1</sup> (=sabbakālaṁ C.); I,10<sup>14</sup> (id.).sabbadā-cana always It.36.-- 4.<i>sabbadhi</i> (fr.Sk.*sarvadha=vic̦vadha,Weber,Ind.Str.III,392) everywhere,in every respect D.I,251; II,186; Sn.176; Dh.90; also sabbadhī Sn.952,1034; Vin.I,38; VbhA.377; Vism.308 (=sabbattha); Nd<sup>1</sup> 441,443. <i>--atthaka</i> concerned with everything,a do-all J.II,30; 74; DhA.II,151 (mahāmatta).-- profitable to all Miln.373 (T.ṭṭh).of <i>kammaṭṭhāna</i> SnA.II,54; Vism.97.<i>--atthika</i> always useful Miln.153.<i>--âbhibhū</i> conquering all Sn.211; Vin.I,8.<i>--otuka</i> corresponding to all the seasons D.II,179; Pv IV.12<sup>2</sup>; Sdhp.248.<i>--kammika</i> (amacca) (a minister) doing all work Vism.130.<i>--kālaṁ</i> always:see <i>sadā</i>.<i> --ghasa</i> all-devouring J.I,288.--ji all-conquering S.IV,83.<i>--(ñ)jaha</i> abandoning everything S.II,284; Sn.211; Dh.353=Vin.I,8.<i>--ññu</i> omniscient M.I,482; II,31,126; A.I,220; Miln.74; VbhA.50; SnA 229,424,585; J.I,214; 335; <i>°tā</i> (f.) omniscience Pug.14; 70; J.I,2,14; Nett 61,103; also written <i>sabbaññūtā; sabbaññutā-ñāṇa</i> (nt.) omniscience Nett 103; DA.I,99; VbhA.197.Also written <i>sabbaññū°</i>,thus J.I,75; <i>--dassāvin</i> one who sees (i.e.knows) everything M.I,92.<i>--byohāra</i> business,intercourse Ud.65; see saṁvohāra.<i>--bhumma</i> universal monarch J.VI,45.<i>--vidū</i> all wise Sn.177,211; Vin.I,8; Dh.353.<i>--saṁharaka</i> a kind of perfume “eau de mille fleurs” J.VI,336.<i>--sādhāraṇa</i> common to all J.I,301 sq.(Page 680),5,1
  10856. 381628,en,15,sabbassa,sabbassa,Sabbassa,Sabbassa,(nt.) [sarvasva] the whole of one’s property J.III,105; V,100 (read:sabbasaṁ vā pan’assa haranti); °-haraṇa (nt.) confiscation of one’s property J.III,105; V,246 (v.l.); sabbassaharaṇadaṇḍa (m.) the same J.IV,204 (so read instead of sabbappaharaṇa).At some passages sabba (nt.) “all,” seems to be used in the same sense,esp.Gen.sabbassa-e.g.J.III,50; IV,19; V,324.(Page 681),8,1
  10857. 381687,en,15,sabbatthata,sabbatthatā,Sabbatthatā,Sabbatthatā,the state of being everywhere; <i>sabbatthatāya</i> on the whole D.I,251; II,187; M.I,38; S.IV,296; A.III,225; V,299,344.Expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.308 (with tt).(Page 681),11,1
  10858. 381696,en,15,sabbavant,sabbāvant,Sabbāvant,Sabbāvant,(adj.) [cp.BSk.sarvāvant Divy 294,298,352] all,entire D.I,73,251; III,224; A.III,27; V,299 sq.,344 sq.(Page 681),9,1
  10859. 381738,en,15,sabbha,sabbha,Sabbha,Sabbha,see a°.(Page 681),6,1
  10860. 381751,en,15,sabbhin,sabbhin,Sabbhin,Sabbhin,see a°.(Page 681),7,1
  10861. 381775,en,15,sabha,sabhā,Sabhā,Sabhā,(f.) [Vedic sabhā,cp.K.Z.IV.370] 1.a hall,assemblyroom D.II,274; A.I,143; S.I,176; J.I,119; 157,204.‹-› 2.a public rest-house,hostelry J.I,302.dhamma° chapel J.VI,333.<br><br> --gata=sabhaggata S.V,394; M.I,286.(Page 681),5,1
  10862. 381784,en,15,sabhaga,sabhāga,Sabhāga,Sabhāga,(adj.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+bhāga] common,being of the same division Vin.II,75; like,equal,similar Miln.79; s.āpatti a common offence,shared by all Vin.I,126 sq.; vīthisabhāgena in street company,the whole street in common J.II,45; opp.visabhāga unusual J.I,303; different Vism.516; Miln.79.<br><br> --<i>ṭṭhāna</i> a common room,a suitable or convenient place J.I,426; III,49; V,235.--<i>vuttin</i> living in mutual courtesy,properly,suitably Vin.I,45; J.I,219; a-sabhāgavuttin J.I,218; sabhāgavuttika Vin.II,162; A.III,14 sq.; a-sabhāgavuttika ibid.(Page 681),7,1
  10863. 381808,en,15,sabhaggata,sabhaggata,Sabhaggata,Sabhaggata,(adj.) [sabhā+gata] gone to the hall of assembly A.I,128; Sn.397; Pug.29.(Page 681),10,1
  10864. 381816,en,15,sabhajana,sabhājana,Sabhājana,Sabhājana,[Dhtp 553:pīti-dassanesu] honouring,salutation Miln.2.(Page 681),9,1
  10865. 381831,en,15,sabhava,sabhāva,Sabhāva,Sabhāva,[sa<sup>4</sup>+bhāva] 1.state (of mind),nature,condition Miln.90,212,360; PvA.39 (ummattaka°),98 (santa°),219.-- 2.character,disposition,behaviour PvA.13,35 (ullumpana°),220 (lokiya°).-- 3.truth,reality,sincerity Miln.164; J.V,459; V,198 (opp.musāvāda); J.VI,469; sabhāvaṁ sincerely,devotedly J.VI,486.<br><br> --dhamma principle of nature J.I,214; --dhammatta= °dhamma Vism.238.--bhūta true J.III,20.(Page 681),7,1
  10866. 381854,en,15,sabhaya,sabhāya,Sabhāya,Sabhāya,(nt.)=sabhā Vin.III,200.(Page 681),7,1
  10867. 381866,en,15,sabhoga,sabhoga,Sabhoga,Sabhoga,<sup>2</sup> [sa<sup>4</sup>+bhoga] property,possession Miln.139.(Page 681),7,1
  10868. 381867,en,15,sabhoga,sabhoga,Sabhoga,Sabhoga,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+bhoga] wealthy D.I,73.(Page 681),7,1
  10869. 381878,en,15,sabhojana,sabhojana,Sabhojana,Sabhojana,(adj.-nt.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+bhojana] sharing food (?) Vin.IV,95; Sn.102.(Page 681),9,1
  10870. 381893,en,15,sabrahmacarin,sabrahmacarin,Sabrahmacarin,Sabrahmacarin,(adj.-n.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+brahmacārin] a fellow student D.II,77; III,241 sq.,245; M.I,101; A.II,97; Sn.973; VbhA.281.(Page 681),13,1
  10871. 381901,en,15,sabrahmaka,sabrahmaka,Sabrahmaka,Sabrahmaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+brahma+ka] including the Brahma world D.I,62; III,76,135; A.I,260; II,70; S.V,423; Vin.I,11; DA.I,174.(Page 681),10,1
  10872. 381917,en,15,sacaca,sacāca,Sacāca,Sacāca,(conj.) if indeed Vin.I,88; see <i>sace</i>.(Page 667),6,1
  10873. 381918,en,15,sacakka,sācakka,Sācakka,Sācakka,(nt.) [sā=śvan,dog; +cakka; cp.sopāka &#38; suva] name of a science (“the interpretation of omens to be drawn from dogs”) Miln.178.(Page 702),7,1
  10874. 381928,en,15,sacariyaka,sācariyaka,Sācariyaka,Sācariyaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+ācariya+ka] together with one’s teacher D.I,102.(Page 702),10,1
  10875. 381941,en,15,sacca,sacca,Sacca,Sacca,(adj.) [cp.Sk.satya] real,true D.I,182; M.II,169; III,207; Dh.408; nt.<i>saccaṁ</i> truly,verily,certainly Miln.120; <i>saccaṁ kira</i> is it really true? D.I,113; Vin.I,45,60; J.I,107; <i>saccato</i> truly S.III,112.-- (nt.as noun) <i>saccaṁ</i> the truth A.II,25,115 (parama°); Dh.393; also:a solemn asseveration Mhvs 25,18.Sacce patiṭṭhāya keeping to fact,M.I,376.-- pl.(cattāri) <i>saccāni</i> the (four) truths M.II,199; A.II,41,176; Sn.883 sq.; Dhs.358.-- The 4 <i>ariya-saccāni</i> are the truth about dukkha,dukkhasamudaya,dukkha-nirodha,and dukkha-nirodha-gāminipaṭipadā.Thus e.g.at Vin.I,230; D.II,304 sq.; III,277; A.I,175 sq.; Vism.494 sq.; VbhA.116 sq.,141 sq.A shortened statement as <i>dukkha</i>,<i> samudaya</i>,<i> nirodha</i>,<i> magga</i> is freq.found,e.g.Vin.I,16; see under dukkha B.1.-- See also <i>ariyasacca </i>&<i> asacca</i>.<i> -- iminā saccena</i> in consequence of this truth,i.e.if this be true J.I,294.<br><br> <i>--avhaya</i> deserving his name,Cp.of the Buddha Sn.1133,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 624.<i>--âdhitthāna</i> determined on truth M.III,245; D.III,229.<i>--ânupaṭṭi</i> realization of truth M.II,173 sq.<i>--ânubodha</i> awakening to truth M.II,171 sq.<i>--ânurakkhaṇa</i> warding of truth,M.II,176.<i>--âbhinivesa</i> inclination to dogmatize,one of the <i>kāya-ganthas</i> S.V,59; Dhs.1139; DhsA.377.<i>--âbhisamaya</i> comprehension of the truth Sn.758; Th.1,338; ThA.239.<i>--kāra</i> ratification,pledge,payment in advance as guarantee J.I,121.<i>--kiriyā</i> a solemn declaration,a declaration on oath J.I,214,294; IV,31,142; V,94; Miln.120; Mhvs 18,39 (see trsl<sup>n</sup> p.125 on term).<i>--ñāṇa</i> knowledge of the truth Vism.510; DhA.IV,152.<i>--nāma</i> doing justice to one’s name,bearing a true name,Ep.of the Buddha A.III,346; IV,285,289; PvA.231.<i>--nikkhama</i> truthful Sn.542.<i>--paṭivedha</i> penetration of the truth Ps.II,57.<i>--vaṅka</i> a certain kind of fish J.V,405 (the Copenhagen MS.has [sa]sacca-vaṅka,which has been given by Fausböll as sata-vaṅka).<i>--vacana</i> (1) veracity M.I,403; Dh.I,160; (2)=saccakiriyā KhA 169,180.<i>--vajja</i> truthfulness D.I,53; S.IV,349; J.IV,320.<i>--vācā</i> id.A.II,228; III,244; J.I,201.<i>--vādin</i> truthful,speaking the truth D.I,4; III,170; A.II,209; IV,249,389; S.I,66; Sn.59; Dh.217; Miln.120; Nd<sup>2</sup> 623; DhA.III,288.<i>--vivaṭṭa</i> revelation of truth Ps.I,11.<i>--sandha</i> truthful,reliable D.I,4; III,170; A.II,209; IV,249; DA.I,73.<i>--sammatā</i> popular truth,maxim S.IV,230.(Page 668),5,1
  10876. 382002,en,15,saccapeti,saccāpeti,Saccāpeti,Saccāpeti,at A.IV,346=Vin.II,19 is probably misreading or an old misspelling for <i>sajjāpeti</i> fr.sajjeti,the confusion <i>sac:saj</i> being frequent.Meaning:to undertake,fulfil,realize.(Page 668),9,1
  10877. 382033,en,15,sacceti,sacceti,Sacceti,Sacceti,in fut.<i>saccessati</i> at A.IV,343 is most likely an old mistake for <i>ghaṭṭessati</i> is the same passage at A.III,343; the meaning is “to touch,” or to approach,disturb.It is hardly=<i>saśc</i> “to accompany.” (Page 668),7,1
  10878. 382037,en,15,sacchanda,sacchanda,Sacchanda,Sacchanda,(adj.) [sa<sup>4</sup>+chanda] self-willed,headstrong J.I,421; as <i>sacchandin</i> ibid.(Page 668),9,1
  10879. 382040,en,15,sacchavini,sacchavīni,Sacchavīni,Sacchavīni,(mūlāni) at A.III,371 (opp.ummūla) means “roots taking to the soil again.” It is doubtful whether it belongs to <i>chavi</i> “skin.” (Page 668),10,1
  10880. 382052,en,15,sacchikaraniya,sacchikaraṇīya,Sacchikaraṇīya,Sacchikaraṇīya,(adj.) [grd:of sacchikaroti] (able) to be realized S.III,223 sq.; D.III,230=A.II,182 (in four ways:by kāya,sati,cakkhu,paññā).(Page 668),14,1
  10881. 382067,en,15,sacchikaroti,sacchikaroti,Sacchikaroti,Sacchikaroti,[cp.Sk.sākṣāt <em>kṛ</em>; the P.form being *saccha° (=sa<sup>3</sup>+<em>akṣ</em>,as in akkhi),with change of <i>°a</i> to <i>°i</i> before <i>kṛ</i>.See also sakkhiṁ karoti] to see with one’s eyes,to realize,to experience for oneself.Pres.<i>°karoti</i> D.I,229; S.IV,337; V,11,49.-- Fut.<i>°karissati</i> S.V,10; M.II,201 (as sacchi vā k.).-- Aor.<i>sacch’âkāsi</i> S.IV,63; SnA 166.-- Grd.<i>°kātabba</i> Vin.I,11; S.V,422; &#38; <i>°karaṇīya</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>sacchikata</i>.(Page 668),12,1
  10882. 382075,en,15,sacchikata,sacchikata,Sacchikata,Sacchikata,[pp.of sacchikaroti cp.BSk.sākṣātkṛtaḥ AvŚ I.210] seen with one’s own eyes,realized,experienced D.I,250; S.V,422=Vin.I,11; DhA.IV,117.(Page 668),10,1
  10883. 382096,en,15,sacchikiriya,sacchikiriyā,Sacchikiriyā,Sacchikiriyā,(f.) [fr.sacchikaroti] realization,experiencing oath,ordeal,confirmation D.I,100 (etc.).D.I,100; III,255; S.IV,254; A.I,22; II,148; III,101; IV,332 sq.; Sn.267; Vism.696 sq.; Dhs.296; DhA.IV,63.(Page 668),12,1
  10884. 382105,en,15,saccika,saccika,Saccika,Saccika,(adj.) [cp.Sk.satyaka] real,true Miln.226 (the same passage at Ps.I,174 &#38; Nd<sup>1</sup> 458 spells <i>sacchika)</i>.<i> ‹-› saccik’aṭṭha</i> truth,reality,the highest truth Kvu 1 sq.; DhsA.4 (nearly=paramaṭṭha); KhA 102.Kern in a phantastic interpretation (Toev.II.49,50) takes it as sacci-kaṭṭha (=Sk.sāci-kṛṣta) “pulled sideways,” i.e.“misunderstood.” (Page 668),7,1
  10885. 382114,en,15,sace,sace,Sace,Sace,(conj.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+ce; cp.sacāca] if D.I,8,51; Vin.I,7; Dh.134; J.I,311.-- <i>sace </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> noce</i> if ...if not J.VI,365.(Page 667),4,1
  10886. 382122,en,15,sacetana,sacetana,Sacetana,Sacetana,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+cetana] animate,conscious,rational J.I,74; Mhvs 38,97.(Page 667),8,1
  10887. 382128,en,15,sacetasa,sacetasa,Sacetasa,Sacetasa,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+cetasa] attentive,thoughtful A.I,254 (=citta-sampanna C.).(Page 667),8,1
  10888. 382136,en,15,sacitta,sacitta,Sacitta,Sacitta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+citta] of the same mind J.V,360.(Page 667),7,1
  10889. 382137,en,15,sacitta,sacitta,Sacitta,Sacitta,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [sa<sup>4</sup>+citta] one’s own mind or heart D.II,120; Dh.183,327=Miln.379.(Page 667),7,1
  10890. 382143,en,15,sacittaka,sacittaka,Sacittaka,Sacittaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+citta+ka] endowed with mind,intelligent DhsA.295.(Page 667),9,1
  10891. 382155,en,15,saciyoga,sāciyoga,Sāciyoga,Sāciyoga,[sāci+yoga; cp.Sk.sāci crooked] crooked ways,insincerity D.I,5; III,176; M.I,180; A.II,209; V,206; Pug.58; DA.I,80.(Page 702),8,1
  10892. 382165,en,15,sada,sadā,Sadā,Sadā,(adv.) [fr.saṁ°] always Sn.1041,1087,1119; Nd<sup>2</sup> 631 (where long stereotype definition); Dh.79; Pv.II,8<sup>11</sup> (=sabbakālaṁ yāvajīvaṁ PvA.110); II,9<sup>37</sup> (=sabbakālaṁ divase divase sāyañ ca pāto ca PvA.127); IV,1<sup>30</sup>.<br><br> --matta “always revelling,” N.of a palace J.I,363 sq.(cp.Divy 603); a class of devas D.II,260.(Page 674),4,1
  10893. 382183,en,15,sadana,sādana,Sādana,Sādana,(nt.) [cp.Vedic sādana,fr.<em>sad</em>] place,house J.IV,405; Yama-sādanaṁ sampatto come to Yama’s abode:dead J.IV,405; V,267,304; VI,457,505 (do.,the MSS.always read °-sādhana).(Page 703),6,1
  10894. 382187,en,15,sadana,sādāna,Sādāna,Sādāna,(adj.) [sa+ādāna] attached to the world,passionate Dh.406=Sn.630; DhA.IV,180.(Page 703),6,1
  10895. 382197,en,15,sadara,sadara,Sadara,Sadara,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+dara] fearful,unhappy A.II,172; M.I,280,465=D.III,57 (reads dd).(Page 674),6,1
  10896. 382208,en,15,sadara,sādara,Sādara,Sādara,(adj.) [sa+ādara] reverential Mhvs 5,246; 15,2; 28,25; 33,82; <i>sādariya</i> (nt.) and <i>sādariyatā</i> (f.) showing regard and consideration Pug.24; cp.Dhs.1327.(Page 703),6,1
  10897. 382228,en,15,sadasa,sadasa,Sadasa,Sadasa,[sa+dasā] a squatting mat with a fringe Vin.IV,171.(Page 674),6,1
  10898. 382235,en,15,sadassa,sadassa,Sadassa,Sadassa,[sat(=sant)+assa] a horse of good breed A.I,289.(Page 674),7,1
  10899. 382245,en,15,sadattha,sadattha,Sadattha,Sadattha,[sat (=sant)+attha] the highest good,ideal D.II,141; M.I,4; A.V,207 sq.; Dh.166; Mhvs 3,24.It may be taken as sa<sup>4</sup>+attha (with euphonic-d-),i.e.one’s own good,as it is expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh at DhA.III,160 (“sake atthe”), &#38; adopted in trsl<sup>n</sup> at Dial.II.154.(Page 674),8,1
  10900. 382253,en,15,sadatthuta,sadatthuta,Sadatthuta,Sadatthuta,(adj.) [sadā+thuta] always praised J.IV,101 (=nicca-pasattha C.).(Page 674),10,1
  10901. 382261,en,15,sadda,sadda,Sadda,Sadda,[cp.late Vedic śabda; BSk.śabda as nt.at AvŚ I.3] 1.sound,noise D.I,79,152; III,102 sq.,146,234,244 sq.,269,281; M.III,56,267; A.III,30 sq.; IV,91,248; J.I,3 (ten sounds); Sn.71; Vism.408 (var.kinds); Dhs.621 (udaka°); DhA.II,7 (udrīyana°); def<sup>d</sup> at Vism.446 (“sota-paṭihanana-lakkhaṇa,” etc.) &#38; at VbhA.45 (“sappatī ti saddo,udāhariyatī ti attho”).-- 2.voice J.II,108.-- 3.word Vin.I,11; It.114; DhA.I,15 (itthi°); VbhA.387 (in nirutti); SnA 261,318,335.<br><br> --kovida a grammarian or phonetician SnA 321.--dhātu element of sound Dhs.707.--naya science of grammar,etymology KhA 107.--bheda word analysis Vism.519 sq.--vidū a grammarian SnA 169.--vedhin shooting by sound Mhvs 23,85.--sattha science of words,grammar SnA 266.--siddhi analysis or correct formation of a word,grammatical explanation SnA 304,551.(Page 674),5,1
  10902. 382282,en,15,saddahana,saddahanā,Saddahanā,Saddahanā,(f.) [fr.sad+<em>dhā</em>] believing,trusting,having faith Nd<sup>2</sup> 632; Dhs.12,25; Nett 15,19; DhA.I,76.(Page 675),9,1
  10903. 382298,en,15,saddahati,saddahati,Saddahati,Saddahati,[Vedic śrad-dhā,only in impers.forms grd.śrad-dadhāna; pp.śrad-dhita; inf.śrad-dhā; cp.Av.ƶraƶ-dā id.; Lat.cred-(d)o (cp.“creed”); Oir.cretim to believe.Fr.Idg.*kred (=cord° heart)+*dhe,lit.to put one’s heart on] to believe,to have faith D.II,115; 244; S.III,225; Pv.II,8<sup>3</sup>; J.V,480; DhA.II,27.ppr saddahanto DA.I,81; PvA.148 (a°),151 (a°),285; &#38; saddahāna S.I,20,214; Sn.186; It.112.Pot.saddheyya J.II,446 (=saddaheyya C.); 2<sup>nd</sup> pl.saddahetha J.III,192; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.saddheyyuṁ S.II,255.At J.VI,575 (Pot.) saddahe seems to be used as an exclamation in the sense of “I wonder” (cp.maññe).--<i>saddahase</i> at Pv IV.8<sup>1</sup> is to be read <i>saddāyase</i> (see saddāyati).-- grd.<i>saddhātabba</i> J.II,37; V,480; PvA.217; <i>saddahātabba</i> D.II,346; <i>saddahitabba</i> Miln.310; <i>saddheyya</i> Vin.III,188; and <i>saddhāyitabba</i> (Caus.!) PvA.109.A Caus.aor.2 sg.is (mā) ...<i>saddahesi</i> J.VI,136<sup>140</sup> -- ger.<i>saddhāya</i> J.V,176 (=<i>saddahitvā</i> C.); inf.<i>saddhātuṁ</i> J.V,445.‹-› pp.(Caus.) <i>saddhāyita</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>saddahāpeti</i> to make believe,to convince; Pot.<i>°dahāpeyya</i> J.VI,575; Pv IV.1<sup>25</sup>; fut.<i>°dahāpessati</i> J.I,294.(Page 674),9,1
  10904. 382323,en,15,saddala,saddala,Saddala,Saddala,(adj.) [cp.Sk.śādvala] grassy Th.1,211; J.I,87; VI,518; Miln.286; Pv.II,12<sup>10</sup> (=taruṇa-tiṇa PvA.158).(Page 674),7,1
  10905. 382330,en,15,saddana,saddana,Saddana,Saddana,(nt.) [fr.śabd:see saddāyati] making a noise Dhtm 401.(Page 674),7,1
  10906. 382379,en,15,saddayati,saddāyati,Saddāyati,Saddāyati,[denom.fr.sadda; i.e.<em>śabd</em>] cp.Epic Sk.śabdayati &#38; śabdāyati] 1.to make a sound Miln.258; Pv IV.8<sup>1</sup> (saddāyase read for saddahase); IV,16<sup>1</sup> (id.); Ud.61 (°āyamāna noisy).- 2.to call,summon (with Acc.) J.III,288.(Page 675),9,1
  10907. 382392,en,15,saddha,saddha,Saddha,Saddha,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Epic Sk. &#38; Sūtra literature śrāddha,fr.śrad-dhā] a funeral rite in honour of departed relatives connected with meals and gifts to the brahmins D.I,97; A.I,166; V,269,273; DA.I,267; saddhaṁ pamuñcati to give up offerings,to abandon Brahmanism Vin.I,7; D.II,39; Sn.1146.The word is n.according to Abhp and A.V,269--273; Loc.°e,D.I,97; J.II,360; kaṁ saddhaṁ (Acc.in a gāthā),seems to be f.; Com.ib.360 has saddhā-bhattaṁ,a funeral repast (v.l.saddha-°).Thus it seems to be confused with saddhā.(Page 675),6,1
  10908. 382393,en,15,saddha,saddha,Saddha,Saddha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [orig.adj.of saddha<sup>2</sup>,but felt to be adj.of saddhā; cp.BSk.śrāddha AvŚ I.83,383] 1.believing faithful D.I,171; S.I,43; II,159 sq.; A.I,150; II,164,227 sq.; III,3 sq.,34,182; IV,38,145,314 sq.; V,10 sq.,124 sq.; Sn.188,371; Dh.8; Pv.I,10<sup>4</sup>; IV,1<sup>86</sup>; DhA.II,82.--<i>as(s)addha</i> unbelieving PvA.42,54,67,243 &#38; passim (see a°).-- 2.credulous Sn.853; Dh.97.(Page 675),6,1
  10909. 382406,en,15,saddha,saddhā,Saddhā,Saddhā,(f.) [cp.Vedic śraddhā:see saddahati] faith (on term cp.Geiger,Saṁyutta trsl<sup>n</sup> II.45<sup>2</sup>) D.I,63; III,164 sq.; S.I,172=Sn.76; S.V,196; Dh.144; A.I,150,210; III,4 sq.,352; IV,23; V,96; Dhs.12; Miln.34 sq.; Tikp 61,166,277,282.-- Instr.<i>saddhāya</i> (used as adv.) in faith,by faith in (Acc.or Gen.) Vin.II,289 (āyasmantānaṁ); J.V,176 (pabbajita); PvA.49 (kammaphalaṁ s.); or shortened to <i>saddhā</i> (-pabbajita) M.I,123; A.I,24; J.I,130.The same phrase as <i>saddhāya pabbajita</i> at S.I,120 is expl<sup>d</sup> as “saddahitvā” by Bdhgh (see K.S.I.321),thus taking it as ger.<br><br> <i>--ânusārin</i> walking according to faith M.I,479; A.I,74; Pug.15; Nett 112,189.<i>--indriya</i> (saddh°) the faculty,i.e.the moral sense,of faith D.III,239,278; A.II,149; S.V,193,377; Dhs.12,62,75; Nett 19.<i>--cariyā</i> living in faith Vism.101.<i>--deyya</i> a gift in faith D.I,5; Vin.I,298; IV,30; DA.I,81.<i>--vimutta</i> emancipated through faith M.I,478; A.I,74,118 sq.; Pug.15; Nett 190.<i>--vimutti</i> emancipation through faith Pug.15.(Page 675),6,1
  10910. 382437,en,15,saddhamma,saddhamma,Saddhamma,Saddhamma,[sad(=sant)+dhamma,cp.BSk.saddharma,e.g.Jtm 224] the true dhamma,the best religion,good practice,the “doctrine of the good” (so Geiger,Pali Dhamma pp.53,54,q.v.for detailed discussion of the term) M.I,46; S.V,172 sq.; A.I,69; III,7 sq.,174 sq.,435 sq.; V,169,317; Sn.1020; Dh.38; J.V,483; DhA.IV,95.Seven saddhammas:M.I,354,356; D.III,252,282; A.IV,108 sq.-- Opp.<i>a-saddhamma</i> (q.v.); four a°:A.II,47; eight:Vin.II,202.<br><br> <i>--garu</i> paying homage to the true religion S.I,140.<i>--savana</i> hearing the (preaching of the) true dhamma D.III,227,274; A.I,279; II,245; IV,25 sq.,221; V,115 sq.(Page 675),9,1
  10911. 382500,en,15,saddhatar,saddhātar,Saddhātar,Saddhātar,[n.ag.fr.saddahati,i.e.sad+dhātar] a believer Sdhp.39.(Page 675),9,1
  10912. 382510,en,15,saddhayika,saddhāyika,Saddhāyika,Saddhāyika,(adj.) [fr.saddhāya,ger.of saddahati] trustworthy D.II,320; A.IV,109 (so read for °sika); Th.2,43,69.(Page 675),10,1
  10913. 382513,en,15,saddhayita,saddhāyita,Saddhāyita,Saddhāyita,[pp.of saddahati; BSk.śraddhayita] one who is trusted; nt.that which is believed,faith Pv.II,8<sup>5</sup> May be misspelling for <i>saddhāyika</i>.(Page 675),10,1
  10914. 382529,en,15,saddhim,saddhiṁ,Saddhiṁ,Saddhiṁ,( &#38; saddhi°) (adv.) [in form=Vedic sadhrīṁ “towards one aim,” but in meaning=Vedic sadhryak (opp.viṣvak,cp.P.visuṁ) “together.” Cp.also Vedic saṁyak=P.sammā.The BSk.is sārdhaṁ,e.g.s.vihārin AvŚ II.139] together; as prep.(following the noun):in company with (Instr.) D.I,31; Vin.I,32; III,188 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “ekato”); J.I,189; II,273; DA.I,35; Miln.23; also with Loc.DA.I,15; or Gen.Vin.II,154; J.I,420.As adv.<i>saddhiṁ agamāsi</i> J.I,154,cp.saddhiṁkīḷita J.II,20.<br><br> <i>--cara</i> companion Sn.45,46 (=ekato cara Nd<sup>2</sup> 633); Dh.328.<i>--vihārika</i> (saddhi°) co-resident,fellow-bhikkhu; pupil Vin.I,45 sq.; A.III,70; J.I,182,224; Vism.94; DhA.II,19.<i>--vihārin</i> id.A.II,239; III,69; J.I,1; f.°vihārinī Vin.IV,291.(Page 675),7,1
  10915. 382549,en,15,saddhiya,saddhiya,Saddhiya,Saddhiya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.*śraddhya] only in neg.<i>a°</i> (q.v.).(Page 675),8,1
  10916. 382557,en,15,saddita,saddita,Saddita,Saddita,[pp.of <em>śabd</em><i>;</i> cp.saddāyati] sounded,called Sdhp.100.(Page 675),7,1
  10917. 382565,en,15,saddula,saddūla,Saddūla,Saddūla,[cp.Sk.śārdūla] a leopard Miln.23.(Page 675),7,1
  10918. 382572,en,15,saderita,saderita,Saderita,Saderita,<i> </i>see<i> saterita</i>.<i> </i> (Page 674),8,1
  10919. 382576,en,15,sadeti,sādeti,Sādeti,Sādeti,<sup>2</sup> [Caus.of <i>svad;</i> given as root in meaning “assādane” at Dhtp 147] to enjoy:see ucchādeti (where better referred to <i>avad</i>) and <i>chādeti<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 703),6,1
  10920. 382577,en,15,sadeti,sādeti,Sādeti,Sādeti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of <em>sad</em><i>:</i> see sīdati] to cause to sink,to throw down DhA.I,75 (+vināseti; v.l.pāteti).(Page 703),6,1
  10921. 382585,en,15,sadevaka,sadevaka,Sadevaka,Sadevaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+deva+ka] together with the devas,with the deva world D.I,62; III,76,135; Sn.86; Vin.I,8,11; Dh.44; DA.I,174.At J.I,14 sadevake (Loc.) is used in the sense of “in the world of men &#38; gods.” (Page 674),8,1
  10922. 382593,en,15,sadevika,sadevika,Sadevika,Sadevika,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+devī+ka] together with his queen Mhvs 33,70.(Page 674),8,1
  10923. 382603,en,15,sadhaka,sādhaka,Sādhaka,Sādhaka,(adj.) [fr.<em>sādh</em>] accomplishing,effecting J.I,86; SnA 394,415; Sdhp.161; <i>iṇa°</i> debt-collector Miln.365; bali° tax-collector J.IV,366; V,103,105,106.(Page 703),7,1
  10924. 382608,en,15,sadhakata,sādhakatā,Sādhakatā,Sādhakatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.sādhaka] effectiveness,efficiency Sdhp.329.(Page 703),9,1
  10925. 382614,en,15,sadhamma,sadhamma,Sadhamma,Sadhamma,[sa<sup>4</sup>+dhamma] one’s own religion or faith M.I,523; Sn.1020; Bu II.6=J.I,3.(Page 675),8,1
  10926. 382622,en,15,sadhammika,sadhammika,Sadhammika,Sadhammika,[sa<sup>2</sup>+dhamma+ika] co-religionist D.II,273.(Page 675),10,1
  10927. 382628,en,15,sadhana,sadhana,Sadhana,Sadhana,(adj).[sa<sup>3</sup>+dhana] wealthy,rich D.I,73; J.I,334.(Page 675),7,1
  10928. 382634,en,15,sadhana,sādhana,Sādhana,Sādhana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.<em>sādh</em>] 1.enforcing,proving J.I,307; DA.I,105.-- 2.settling,clearing (a debt) J.II,341 (uddhāra°).In this meaning mixed with <i>sodheti;</i> it is impossible to decide which of the two is to be preferred.See <i>iṇa </i>&<i> uddhāra</i>.-- 3.yielding,effecting,producing,resulting in (-°) A.III,156 (laṇḍa° dung-producing); DA.I,273; VvA.194; PvA.278 (hita°).-- 4.materials,instrument VvA.349; PvA.199.(Page 703),7,1
  10929. 382647,en,15,sadharana,sādhāraṇa,Sādhāraṇa,Sādhāraṇa,(adj.) general,common,joint Vin.II,258; III,35; Th.2,505; J.I,202,302; IV,7 (pañca°-bhāva 5 fold connection); Nett 49 sq.; PvA.122,194,265.a° J.I,78; DA.I,71.(Page 703),9,1
  10930. 382669,en,15,sadheti,sādheti,Sādheti,Sādheti,[Caus.of <em>sādh</em> to succeed.Dhtp 421=saṁsiddhiyan] 1.to accomplish,further,effect J.II,236 (Pot.sādhayemase).-- 2.to make prosperous PvA.113,125.-- 3.to arrange,prepare Mhvs 7,24.-- 4.to perform,execute J.I,38 (ārāmika-kiccaṁ); DA.I,194; Mhvs 36,62; Vism.344 (see udukkhala).-- 5.to make clear,bring to a (logical) conclusion,to prove J.II,306; SnA 192 (atthaṁ),459; Tikp 58; PvA.30 (here as much as “is any good”).-- 6.to collect or clear a debt,to recover (money).In this sense <i>sādheti</i> is mixed up with <i>sodheti</i>,which is regularly found as v.l.,is it almost better to substitute <i>sodheti</i> at all passages for <i>sādheti</i> (cp.iṇa,uddhāra),e.g.J.I,230; II,341,423; III,106; IV,45; DhA.III,12.-- Cp.<i>abhi°</i>.(Page 703),7,1
  10931. 382679,en,15,sadhika,sādhika,Sādhika,Sādhika,(adj.) [sa+adhika; cp.BSk.sādhika Divy 44] having something beyond D.II,93; Vv 53<sup>5</sup> (°vīsati).°-porisa exceeding a man’s height M.I,74,365; A.III,403.(Page 703),7,1
  10932. 382702,en,15,sadhiya,sādhiya,Sādhiya,Sādhiya,(adj.) [fr.<em>sādh</em>] that which can be accomplished Sdhp.258 etc.(Page 703),7,1
  10933. 382718,en,15,sadhu,sādhu,Sādhu,Sādhu,(adj.) [Vedic sādhu,fr.<em>sādh</em>] 1.good,virtuous,pious Sn.376,393; J.I,1; Mhvs 37,119; PvA.116,132; <i>asādhu</i> bad,wicked Dh.163,223; DhA.III,313.-- 2.good,profitable,proficient,meritorious Dh.35,206 (=sundara,bhaddaka DhA.III,271); D.I,88; Pv.II,9<sup>7</sup>; nt.adv.well,thoroughly Dh.67; J.I,1; Mhvs 36,97; 37,73.Very frequent as interjection,denoting (a) request (adhortative,with imper.:sādhu gaccha please go! Miln.18; gacchatha VvA.305),to be translated with “come on,welcome,please,” or similar adverbs.Thus e.g.at Pv IV.1<sup>40</sup> (=āyācane PvA.232); J.I,92; PvA.6,35,272; VvA.69; -- (b) assent &#38; approval in replies to a question “alright,yes” or similarly; usually with the verbs (in ger.) <i>paṭisuṇitvā</i>,<i> vatvā</i>,<i> sampaṭicchitvā</i> etc.Thus e.g.at J.V,297; Vin.I,56; Miln.7; DhA.III,13; VvA.149; DA.I,171; SnA 176 (=sampahaṁsane); PvA.55,78 and passim.<br><br> <i>--kamyatā</i> desire for proficiency VbhA.477.<i>--kāra</i> saying “well,” approval,cheering,applause J.I,223; Miln.13,16,18; VvA.132; DhA.I,390; III,385.<i>--kīḷana</i> a festive play,a sacred festivity Mhvs 3,11; <i>sādhukīḷita</i> the same Mhvs 20,36; °-divasa Vin.III,285; sādhu-kīḷā J.III,434; V,127; sādhu-kīḷikā J.III,433.<i>--jīvin</i> leading a virtuous life It.71.<i>--phala</i> having wholesome fruits J.I,272 (read sādu°).<i>--rūpa</i> good,respectable Dh.262.<i>--sammata</i> highly honoured D.I,48; S.IV,398; Sn.p.90 sq.; Miln.4,21; DA.I,143.<i>--sīliya</i> good character J.II,137.(Page 703),5,1
  10934. 382739,en,15,sadhukam,sādhukaṁ,Sādhukaṁ,Sādhukaṁ,(adv.) [fr.sādhu] well,thoroughly Vin.I,46; II,208; D.I,62.-- Instr.<i>sādhukena</i> (as adv.) willingly (opp.with force) Pv.II,9<sup>2</sup>.(Page 703),8,1
  10935. 382785,en,15,sadisa,sadisa,Sadisa,Sadisa,(adj.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+disa=dṛśa] similar,like,equal D.II,261; S.III,48 sq.; A.I,125=Pug.35; Vin.I,8; J.I,191; Dhs.116; Vism.543=VbhA.148.Cp.sādisa.(Page 674),6,1
  10936. 382794,en,15,sadisa,sādisa,Sādisa,Sādisa,[fr.sadisa] (fem.<i>-</i><em>sī</em>) like,similar D.II,239; Sn.595; Th.2,252 (sa° for sā°); Ap 239; J.IV,97; Miln.217 (with Instr.).(Page 703),6,1
  10937. 382810,en,15,saditar,sāditar,Sāditar,Sāditar,[n.ag.fr.sādiyati] one who accepts,appropriates M.III,126.(Page 703),7,1
  10938. 382822,en,15,sadiyana,sādiyanā,Sādiyanā,Sādiyanā,(f.) [fr.sādiyati] appropriating,accepting Miln.95.(Page 703),8,1
  10939. 382833,en,15,sadiyati,sādiyati,Sādiyati,Sādiyati,[cp.BSk.svādīyati:MVastu II.145; Med.-Pass fr.*sādeti,Caus.of <i>svad</i>] lit.to enjoy for oneself,to agree to,permit,let take place D.I,166; Vin.II,294; A.IV,54,347; S.I,78; IV,226 sq.; Pug.55; Miln.95 sq.; aor.<i>sādiyi</i> Vin.III,38 sq.; fut.<i>sādiyissati</i> J.VI,158.(Page 703),8,1
  10940. 382853,en,15,sadu,sādu,Sādu,Sādu,(adj.) [Vedic svādu,f.svādvī; fr.<em>svad</em>,cp.Gr.h(duζ,Lat.suavis,Goth.sūts=E.sweet; also Sk.sūda cook; Gr.h(/domai to enjoy,ήdonή pleasure] sweet,nice,pleasant Vin.II,196; M.I,114; Th.2,273; Sn.102; J.IV,168; V,5; Dhs.629; asādu (ka) J.III,145; IV,509 (text,asādhuka,com.on kaṭuka); sādu-karoti makes sweet J.III,319; Pot.a-sādu-kiyirā makes bitter,ibid.319; sādu sweet things Vin.II,196; sādu-phala see sādhuphala; for <i>°kamyatā</i> see the latter.(Page 703),4,1
  10941. 382869,en,15,saduta,sādutā,Sādutā,Sādutā,(f.) [fr.sādu] sweetness Dāvs.I,40 (Page 703),6,1
  10942. 382881,en,15,sagabbha,sagabbha,Sagabbha,Sagabbha,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+gabbha] with a fœtus,pregnant Mhvs 33,46.(Page 661),8,1
  10943. 382886,en,15,sagaha,sagaha,Sagaha,Sagaha,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+gaha<sup>2</sup>] full of crocodiles It.57,114.As <i>sagāha</i> at S.IV,157.(Page 661),6,1
  10944. 382908,en,15,sagameyya,sagāmeyya,Sagāmeyya,Sagāmeyya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.gāma,+sa<sup>2</sup>=saṁ°) hailing from the same village S.I,36,60.(Page 661),9,1
  10945. 382913,en,15,sagandhaka,sagandhaka,Sagandhaka,Sagandhaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+gandha+ka] fragment Dh.52.(Page 661),10,1
  10946. 382922,en,15,sagara,sāgara,Sāgara,Sāgara,[cp.Epic Sk.sāgara] the ocean D.I,89; A.II,56,140; III,52; V,116 sq.; Vin.I,246; Sn.568; PvA.29; sāgara‹-› <i>ūmi</i> a wave of the ocean,a flood J.IV,165; <i>°-vāri</i> the ocean J.IV,165; <i>sāgaranta</i> or sāgarapariyanta bounded or surrounded by the ocean (said of the earth) J.VI,203; <i>°-kuṇḍala</i> the same J.III,32; VI,278.(Page 702),6,1
  10947. 382931,en,15,sagara,sāgāra,Sāgāra,Sāgāra,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+agāra] living in a house,It.111; sleeping under the same roof Vin.II,279.(Page 702),6,1
  10948. 382945,en,15,sagarava,sagārava,Sagārava,Sagārava,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+gārava] respectful,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>sappatissa</i> &#38; other syn.,e.g.Vin.I,45; It.10; Vism.19,221.(Page 661),8,1
  10949. 382955,en,15,sagaravata,sagāravatā,Sagāravatā,Sagāravatā,(f.) [fr.sagārava] respect Th.1,589.(Page 661),10,1
  10950. 382965,en,15,sagatam,sāgataṁ,Sāgataṁ,Sāgataṁ,(indecl.) [su+āgata,orij.nt.=wel-come] “greeting of welcome,” hail! D.I,179=M.I,481 (sāgataṁ bhante Bhagavato); D.II,173; M.I,514 (°aṁ bhoto Ānandassa); DA.I,287; DhA.III,293.(Page 702),7,1
  10951. 382979,en,15,sagga,sagga,Sagga,Sagga,[Vedic svarga,svar+ga] 1.heaven,the next world,popularly conceived as a place of happiness and long life (cp.the pop.etym.of “suṭṭhu-aggattā sagga” PvA.9; “rūpādīhi visayehi suṭṭhu aggo ti saggo” Vism.427); usually the <i>kām’âvacara-devaloka</i>,sometimes also the 26 heavens (ThA.74).Sometimes as <i>sagga ṭhāna</i> (cp.<i>°loka</i>),e.g.J.VI,210.-- Vin.I,223; D.II,86; III,52,146 sq.; M.I,22,483; S.I,12; A.I,55 sq.,292 sq.; II,83 sq.; III,244,253 sq.; IV,81; V,135 sq.; Sn.224 (Loc.pl.saggesu); It.14; Pv.I,1<sup>3</sup>; Vism.103,199.<br><br> <i>--âpāya</i> heaven and hell Th.2,63; Sn.647.<i>--ārohaṇa</i> (-sopāna) (the stairs) leading to heaven (something like Jacob’s ladder) Vism.10.<i>--kathā</i> discourse or talk about heaven Vin.I,15 (cp.anupubbikathā) <i>--kāya</i> the heavenly assembly (of the gods) J.VI,573.<i>--dvāra</i> heaven’s gate Vism.57.<i>--patha</i>=sagga J.I,256.<i>--pada</i> heavenly region,heaven J.II,5; IV,272 (=saggaloka).<i>--magga</i> the way to heaven J.VI,287; DhA.I,4.<i>--loka</i> the heavenworld M.I,73; J.IV,272.<i>--saṁvattanika</i> leading to heaven D.III,66.(Page 662),5,1
  10952. 383014,en,15,saggh°,saggh°,Saggh°,Saggh°,see <i>sakkoti</i>.(Page 662),6,1
  10953. 383023,en,15,sagguna,sagguṇa,Sagguṇa,Sagguṇa,[sat+guṇa] good quality,virtue Sdhp.313.(Page 662),7,1
  10954. 383031,en,15,saghacca,saghaccā,Saghaccā,Saghaccā,(f.) [sat+ghaccā] just or true killing J.I,177.(Page 662),8,1
  10955. 383035,en,15,sagocara,sagocara,Sagocara,Sagocara,[sa<sup>2</sup>=saṁ,+gocara] companion,mate (lit.having the same activity) J.II,31.(Page 662),8,1
  10956. 383041,en,15,sagotta,sagotta,Sagotta,Sagotta,[sa<sup>2</sup>=saṁ,+gotta] a kinsman J.V,411; cp.VI,500.(Page 662),7,1
  10957. 383046,en,15,sagula,saguḷa,Saguḷa,Saguḷa,[sa<sup>3</sup>+guḷa<sup>2</sup>] a cake with sugar J.VI,524.Cp.<i>saṅguḷikā</i>.(Page 661),6,1
  10958. 383049,en,15,saguna,saguṇa,Saguṇa,Saguṇa,(adj.) [either sa<sup>3</sup>+guṇa<sup>1</sup> 1,as given under guṇa<sup>1</sup>; or sa°=saṁ° once,as in sakṛt,+guṇa<sup>1</sup> 2] either “with the string,” or “in one”; Vin.I,46 (saguṇaṁ karoti to put together,to fold up; C ekato katvā).This interpretation (as “put together”) is much to be preferred to the one given under guṇa<sup>1</sup> 1; <i>saguṇaṁ katvā</i> belongs to <i>saṅghāṭiyo</i>,and not to <i>kāyabandhanaṁ</i>,thus:“the upper robes are to be given,putting them into one (bundle).” (Page 661),6,1
  10959. 383062,en,15,saha,saha,Saha,Saha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.<em>sah</em>] submitting to,enduring M.I,33; Th.1,659; J.VI,379; sabbasaha J.V,425,431.-- <i>dussaha</i> hard to endure Sdhp.95,118,196 (Page 701),4,1
  10960. 383063,en,15,saha,saha,Saha,Saha,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [fr.sa<sup>3</sup>; cp.Vedic saha] prep. &#38; prefix,meaning:in conjunction with,together,accompanied by; immediately after (with Instr.) Vin.I,38; Sn.49,928; Th.2,414=425; sahā Sn.231.<br><br> --anukkama=sahānukkama with the bridle Dh.398; DhA.IV,161.--āmacca together with the ministers Mhvs 5,182.--āvudha together with one’s weapons J.IV,416.--indaka together with Indra D.II,208,221; Vv 30<sup>1</sup>.--ūdaka together with water J.V,407.--oḍha together with the stolen goods; coraṁ °-aṁ gahetvā Vism.180; Mhvs 23,11 (thena); 35,11.See oḍḍha.--odaka containing water Mhvs 4,13.--orodha with his harem Mhvs 5,182; --kathin conversing with (Instr.) M.I,489.--kāra a sort of fragrant mango KhA 53.--gata accompanying,connected with,concomitant Vin.I,10; D.II,186; S.V,421; Kvu 337; DhsA.157.--ggaṇa together with his companions Dpvs 14,58.--cetiya containing a Cetiya Mhvs 33,10.--ja born at the same time Vv 81<sup>15</sup>.--jāta 1.born at the same time,of equal age J.I,54; VI,512.-- 2.arisen at the same time,coinciding with (Instr.) Kvu 337,620; VbhA.127.‹-› 3.(in <i>°paccaya</i>) the relation of co-nascence,coincidence Dukp 17 sq.,52 sq.,113 sq.,129 sq.,145 sq.,225 sq.,334 sq.and passim; Tikp 36 sq.,62 sq.,107 sq.,243 sq.; Vism.535.<i>--jīvin</i> (fem.--ī) living together with Vin.IV,291,325 sq.<i>--dhammika</i> having the same Dhamma,co-religionist M.I,64; Nd<sup>1</sup> 485 (opp.para°); regarding the Dhamma D.I,94,161; M.I,368; Vin.I,134; Nett 52; DA.I,263 (=sahetuka,sakāraṇa); that which is in accordance with the dhamma Dhs.1327; M.I,482; °ṁ adv.in accordance with the dhamma Vin.I,60,69; III,178; IV,141.<i>--dhammiya</i> co-religionist Nett 169.<i>--dhenuka</i> accompanied by a cow Mhvs 21,18.<i>--nandin</i> rejoicing with It.73.<i>--paṁsukīḷita</i> a companion in play,a playfellow A.II,186:J.I,364; IV,77; PvA.30.<i>--pesuṇa</i> together with slander Sn.862 f.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 257.<i>--bhāvin</i> being at one’s service J.III,181 (amacca).<i>--bhū</i> arising together with Dhs.1197; Nett 16; a class of devas D.II,260.<i>--macchara</i> with envy Sn.862.<i>--yoga</i>=karaṇa-vacana SnA 44.<i>--vatthu</i> living together with Th.2,414= 425; ThA.269.<i>--vāsa</i> living together,associating Vin.II,34; It.68.<i>--vāsin</i> living together J.V,352.<i>--saṅgha</i> together with the Order Mhvs 1,71.<i>--seyyā</i> sharing the same couch,living together Vin.IV,16; KhA 190.<i>--sevaka</i> together with the servants Mhvs 36,43.<i>--sokin</i> sorrowful (?) S.IV,180.(Page 700),4,1
  10961. 383073,en,15,saha,sāha,Sāha,Sāha,six days (cp.chāha) J.VI,80 (=chadivasa,C.).(Page 707),4,1
  10962. 383126,en,15,sahajanetta,sahājanetta,Sahājanetta,Sahājanetta,[sahāja+netta] at Sn.1096 is of doubtful meaning (“all-seeing”?),it is expl<sup>d</sup> as “spontaneously arisen omniscience” at Nd<sup>2</sup> 669 (where spelling is <i>sahajānetta</i>); lit.“coinciding eye”; SnA 598 expl<sup>s</sup> as “sahajāta-sabbaññuta-ñāṇa-cakkhu.” (Page 701),11,1
  10963. 383166,en,15,saham,sāhaṁ,Sāhaṁ,Sāhaṁ,contraction of so ahaṁ.(Page 707),5,1
  10964. 383201,en,15,sahara,sāhāra,Sāhāra,Sāhāra,(adj.) [sa+āhāra] with its food S.III,54 (viññāṇa s.); D.II,96 (Vesālī s.; trsl<sup>n</sup> “with its subject territory”).(Page 707),6,1
  10965. 383207,en,15,sahasa,sahasā,Sahasā,Sahasā,(adv.) [Instr.of sahas (Vedic),force] forcibly,hastily,suddenly Sn.123; DhA.III,381; PvA.40,279; inconsiderately J.I,173; III,441.<i>--°kāra</i> violence D.I,5; III,176; A.II,209; Pug.58; J.IV,11; DA.I,80.(Page 701),6,1
  10966. 383215,en,15,sahasa,sāhasa,Sāhasa,Sāhasa,[fr.sahas power] violent,hasty Sn.329; (nt.) violence,arbitrary action,acts of violence Sn.943; J.VI,284; Mhvs 6,39; sāhasena arbitrarily A.V,177; opp.a° ibid.; Dh.257; J.VI,280.sāhasaṁ id.J.VI,358 (=sāhasena sāhasikaṁ kammaṁ katvā ibid.359); adv.asāhasaṁ=asāhasena J.III,319 (C.sāhasiyataṇhāya ibid.320,if we do not have to read sāhasiyā taṇhāya,from sāhasī).<br><br> --kiriyā violence J.III,321.(Page 707),6,1
  10967. 383237,en,15,sahasika,sāhasika,Sāhasika,Sāhasika,(adj.) [fr.sāhasa] brutal,violent,savage J.I,187,504; II,11; PvA.209; DhA.I,17.(Page 707),8,1
  10968. 383242,en,15,sahasiyakamma,sāhasiyakamma,Sāhasiyakamma,Sāhasiyakamma,(nt.) a brutal act J.I,412,438.(Page 707),13,1
  10969. 383251,en,15,sahassa,sahassa,Sahassa,Sahassa,[Sk.sahasra,see etym.under saṁ°] a thousand,used as a singular with a noun in the plural,sahassaṁ vācā Dh.100; satasahassaṁ vassāni J.I,29; also in the plural after other numerals cattāri satasahassāni chaḷabhiññā Bu II.204=J.I,29; also with the thing counted in the genitive,accharānaṁ sahassaṁ Mhvs 17,13; A.I,227; or °-,as sahassa-yakkha-parivāra SnA 209.In combination with other numerals,sahassa is sometimes inflected like an adjective,saṭṭhisahassā amaccā sixty thousand ministers J.VI,484; satasahassiyo gāvo 100,000 cows Sn.308; the thing counted then precedes in a compound jāti-sahassaṁ 1,000 births D.I,13; It.99; ghaṭa-sahassam pi udakaṁ Miln.189; sindhava-sahasso ratho J.VI,103; sahassaṁ sahassena a thousand times a thousand Dh.103; sahassass’eva in thousands D.II,87.--<i>sahassaṁ</i> (nt.) 1,000 gold pieces Dh.106; J.VI,484; Miln.10; satasahassaṁ a hundred thousand J.I,28; <i>sahassa</i> (adj.) (fem.ī) worth a thousand J.V,484,485; ThA.72 (Ap V,45,read sahassayo for °aso); epithet of Brahmā,the B.of a thousand world systems M.III,101.Cp.dasa-sahassī.<br><br> <i>--akkha</i> thousand-eyed,the god Sakka S.I,229; J.VI,203; <i>sahassacakkhu</i> the same J.V,394,407.<i>--aggha</i> worth a thousand Miln.284.<i>--āra</i> having 1,000 spokes D.II,172.<i>--ṭṭhavikā</i> a purse with 1,000 pieces (of money) Vism.383; J.I,506; DhA.II,37; VvA.33.--netta thousandeyed,the god Sakka S.I,226; Sn.346; J.III,426; IV,313; V,408; VI,174; Vv 30<sup>10</sup>; DhA.I,17.<i>--bāhu</i> having a thousand arms,said of Ajjuna J.V,119,135,145 (°-rājā); 267,273; VI,201.<i>--bhaṇḍikā</i> a heap of 1,000 pieces J.II,424; III,60; IV,2.<i>--raṁsi</i> the sun J.I,183.(Page 701),7,1
  10970. 383264,en,15,sahassadha,sahassadhā,Sahassadhā,Sahassadhā,(adv.) [cp.satadhā etc.] in a thousand ways A.I,227; Th.1,909.(Page 701),10,1
  10971. 383320,en,15,sahassi-lokadhatu,sahassī-lokadhātu,Sahassī-lokadhātu,Sahassī-lokadhātu,(f.) a thousandfold world,a world system D.I,46; A.I,228; DA.I,130; dasasahassī-lokadhātu ten world systems J.I,51,63; cp.dasasahassī and lokadhātu.(Page 701),17,1
  10972. 383325,en,15,sahassika,sahassika,Sahassika,Sahassika,(adj.) [fr.sahassa] thousandfold J.I,17; IV,175 (so for °iyo).(Page 701),9,1
  10973. 383340,en,15,sahati,sahati,Sahati,Sahati,<i> </i>[<em>sah</em> to prevail] 1.to conquer,defeat,overcome M.I,33; S.IV,157; Sn.942; Dh.335; It.84; J.I,74; II,386 (avamānaṁ); III,423 (id.).-- 2.to bear,endure Sn.20; Pug.68.-- 3.to be able D.II,342 (sayhāmi); Pot.sahe Sn.942; Pot.saheyya M.I,33; saha (imper.excuse,forgive,beg your pardon!) J.III,109; grd.<i>sayha</i> that which can be endured,able to be done Sn.253; Dāvs II.29; a-sayha Miln.1148.(Page 701),6,1
  10974. 383352,en,15,sahattha,sahattha,Sahattha,Sahattha,[sa<sup>4</sup>+hattha] one’s own hand J.I,68; usually <i>sahatthā</i> (Abl.) with one’s own hand Vin.I,18; A.I,274; D.I,109; Sn.p.107; J.I,286; Pv.II,9<sup>8</sup>; II,9<sup>54</sup>; Miln.15.Instr.<i>sahatthena</i> id.PvA.110,124,135; J.III,267; VI,305.Cp.<i>sāhatthika</i>.(Page 701),8,1
  10975. 383364,en,15,sahatthika,sāhatthika,Sāhatthika,Sāhatthika,(adj.) [fr.sahattha] with one’s own hand J.I,168; DhsA.97; SnA 493; KhA 29.(Page 707),10,1
  10976. 383368,en,15,sahatthin,sahatthin,Sahatthin,Sahatthin,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+hatthin] together with the elephant Mhvs 25,70.(Page 701),9,1
  10977. 383392,en,15,sahavya,sahavya,Sahavya,Sahavya,(nt.) [fr.sahāya,cp.Sk.sāhāyya] companionship Vv 47<sup>7</sup> (=sahabhāva VvA.202).<i>--°ûpaga</i> coming into union with D.I,245.(Page 701),7,1
  10978. 383396,en,15,sahavyata,sahavyatā,Sahavyatā,Sahavyatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.sahavya] companionship D.I,18,235; II,206; M.II,195; III,99; S.IV,306; A.III,192.(Page 701),9,1
  10979. 383402,en,15,sahaya,sahāya,Sahāya,Sahāya,[cp.Epic Sk.sahāya,fr.saha+<i>i</i>] companion,friend D.II,78; M.I,86; S.IV,288; Pug.36; Sn.35,45 sq.; J.II,29; <i>°-kicca</i> assistance (?) J.V,339; <i>°-matta</i> companion J.IV,76; <i>°-sampadā</i> the good luck of having companions Sn.47; <i>adiṭṭha-°</i> a friend who has not yet been seen personally J.I,377; III,364; <i>bahu-°</i> having many friends Vin.II,158; nāhaṁ ettha sahāyo bhavis-sāmi I am not a party to that J.III,46; asahāya Miln.225.(Page 701),6,1
  10980. 383408,en,15,sahayaka,sahāyaka,Sahāyaka,Sahāyaka,(adj.) [fr.last] f.°yikā companion,ally,friend Vin.I,18; D.II,155; A.II,79,186; J.I,165; II,29; V,159; VI,256 (gihī sahāyakā,read gihisahāyakā [?]).(Page 701),8,1
  10981. 383414,en,15,sahayata,sahāyatā,Sahāyatā,Sahāyatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.sahāya] companionship Dh.61; <i>sahāyatta</i> (nt.) the same Mhvs 30,21.(Page 701),8,1
  10982. 383427,en,15,sahetu,sahetu,Sahetu,Sahetu,(adj.) [sa+hetu] having a cause,together with the cause Vin.I,2; D.I,180; DA.I,263.See <i>hetu</i>.(Page 701),6,1
  10983. 383433,en,15,sahetuka,sahetuka,Sahetuka,Sahetuka,having a cause,accompanied by a cause (especially of good or bad karma) A.I,82; Dhs.1073.(Page 701),8,1
  10984. 383451,en,15,sahin,sāhin,Sāhin,Sāhin,(--°) (adj.) [fr.sah] enduring It.32.See asayha°.(Page 707),5,1
  10985. 383455,en,15,sahiranna,sahirañña,Sahirañña,Sahirañña,(adj.) [sa+hirañña] possessing gold Sn.102.(Page 701),9,1
  10986. 383462,en,15,sahita,sahita,Sahita,Sahita,[pp.of saṁ+<em>dhā</em>,cp.Sk.sahita=saṁhita] 1.accompanied with Mhvs 7,27.-- 2.united,keeping together D.I,4; J.IV,347; Pug.57.-- 3.consistent,sensible,to the point D.I,8; A.II,138; IV,196; S.III,12; Dh.19 (at DhA.I,157 expl<sup>d</sup> as a name for the Tipiṭaka,thus equalling Sk.saṁhita); Pug.42.-- 4.close together,thick Th.2,254.-- araṇisahita (nt.) firewood and appurtenances Vin.II,217; D.II,340 sq.; J.I,212; DhA.II,246.-- sahitaṁvata (adj.) having a consistent or perpetual vow,i.e.living the holy life J.V,320 (=sīlācāra-sampanna C.); VI,525 (T.sahitabbata; C.expl<sup>s</sup> as samādinna-vata gahita-tāpasa-vesa).Kern,Toev.II.51 takes it as a corrupted Sk.śaṁsita-vrata.(Page 701),6,1
  10987. 383477,en,15,sahitar,sahitar,Sahitar,Sahitar,[n.ag.fr.sahati] one who endures Sn.42.(Page 701),7,1
  10988. 383496,en,15,sahodha,sahoḍha,Sahoḍha,Sahoḍha,see under <i>saha<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 701),7,1
  10989. 383505,en,15,sahu,sāhu,Sāhu,Sāhu,(adj.) [=sādhu] good,well Vin.I,45; S.I,8; Pug.71 sq.; Th.1,43; VvA.284.(Page 707),4,1
  10990. 383515,en,15,sahulacivara,sāhuḷacīvara,Sāhuḷacīvara,Sāhuḷacīvara,(nt.) a coarse cloth M.I,509 (cp.Deśīnāmamālā VIII,52; Karpūramañjarī p.19; J.P.T.S.1891,5,and Prākrit sāhulī,Z.D.M.G.,xxviii.,p.415).(Page 707),12,1
  10991. 383518,en,15,sahuneyyaka,sāhuneyyaka,Sāhuneyyaka,Sāhuneyyaka,see āhuneyya.(Page 707),11,1
  10992. 383519,en,15,sahunna,sāhunna,Sāhunna,Sāhunna,[=sāhuḷa] a strip of ragged cloth Pv III,1<sup>6</sup>; PvA.173; J.P.T.S.1891,5; var.read.sāhunda.(Page 707),7,1
  10993. 383534,en,15,sajala,sajala,Sajala,Sajala,(adj.-n.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+jala] watery,wet; nt.water.<br><br> <i>--da</i> giving water,bringing rain (of wind) Vism.10.<i>--dhara</i> holding water,i,e.a cloud VvA.223.(Page 668),6,1
  10994. 383544,en,15,sajana,sajana,Sajana,Sajana,[sa<sup>4</sup>+jana] a kinsman J.IV,11 (read °parijanaṁ).(Page 668),6,1
  10995. 383557,en,15,sajati,sajati,Sajati,Sajati,<sup>2</sup><i> </i>[<em>svaj</em><i>;</i> Dhtp 74,549=ajjana (?) or=sajati<sup>1</sup>?] to embrace D.II,266 (imper.saja).<i>udakaṁ sajati</i> to embrace the water,poet.for “to descend into the water” J.IV,448 (T.sajāti); VI,198 (C.=abhisiñcati),205 (C.= attano upari sajati [i.e.sajati<sup>1</sup>] abbhukkirati).On C.readings cp.Kern,Toev II.51.(Page 668),6,1
  10996. 383558,en,15,sajati,sajati,Sajati,Sajati,<sup>1</sup><i> </i>[<em>sṛj</em>,cp.Av.h∂r∂ƶaiti to let loose; Sk.sarga pouring out,sṛṣṭi emanation,creation] to let loose,send forth; dismiss,give up Sn.386,390; J.I,359; V,218 (imper.sajāhi); VI,185,205.-- infin.<i>saṭṭhuṁ</i> (q.v.); pp.<i>saṭṭha</i> (see vissaṭṭha).-- Caus.<i>sajjeti</i> (q.v.).-- For <em>sajj</em><i>°</i> (Caus.) we find <em>sañj</em><i>°</i> in <i>sañjitar</i>.(Page 668),6,1
  10997. 383564,en,15,sajati,sajāti,Sajāti,Sajāti,(f.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+jāti] (being of) the same class or caste Vin.I,87; J.II,108 (°putta).(Page 668),6,1
  10998. 383579,en,15,sajitar,sajitar,Sajitar,Sajitar,see <i>sañjitar</i>.(Page 668),7,1
  10999. 383586,en,15,sajiva,sajīva,Sajīva,Sajīva,<sup>2</sup> [for saciva?] a minister J.VI,307,318 (=amacca C.).(Page 668),6,1
  11000. 383587,en,15,sajiva,sajīva,Sajīva,Sajīva,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+jīva] endowed with life Mhvs 11,13.(Page 668),6,1
  11001. 383593,en,15,sajiva,sājīva,Sājīva,Sājīva,(nt.) rule of life,precept governing the monastic life of the Buddhist bhikkhus Vin.III,24<sup>16</sup>; adj.°-samāpanna ibid.; adj.°-kara one who supports J.IV,42 (=sa-ājīvakara,C.).(Page 702),6,1
  11002. 383599,en,15,sajivana,sajīvāna,Sajīvāna,Sajīvāna,(nt.) at S.I,44 is metric spelling for <i>sa-jīvana</i> [sa<sup>2</sup>=saṁ,+jīvana] “same livelihood,” in phrase <i>kiṁsu kamme s</i>.“what is (of) the same livelihood in work,i.e.occupation?” The form is the same as <i>jīvāna</i> at J.III,353.Taken wrongly as Gen.pl.by Mrs.Rh.D.in trsl<sup>n</sup> (K.S.I.63):“who in their work is mate to sons of men?” following Bdhgh’s wrong interpretation (see K.S.I.321) as “kammena saha jīvantānan; kammadutiyakā nāma honti.” (Page 668),8,1
  11003. 383608,en,15,sajja,sajja,Sajja,Sajja,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.<em>sajj</em>=<em>sañj</em> Caus.; cp.the exact likeness of Ger.“fertig”] prepared,ready J.I,98; II,325; III,271; Miln.351; PvA.156,256.Of a bow furnished with a bow-string A.III,75.(Page 668),5,1
  11004. 383614,en,15,sajja,sajjā,Sajjā,Sajjā,(f.) [orig.grd.of <em>sad</em>] seat,couch Pv.II,12<sup>8</sup> (expl<sup>n</sup> at PvA.157 doubtful).(Page 668),5,1
  11005. 383618,en,15,sajjaka,sajjaka,Sajjaka,Sajjaka,(adj.)=sajja; J.IV,45 (gamana° ready for going,“fertig”).(Page 668),7,1
  11006. 383628,en,15,sajjana,sajjana,Sajjana,Sajjana,<sup>2</sup> [sat(=sant)+jana] a good man Miln.321.(Page 668),7,1
  11007. 383629,en,15,sajjana,sajjana,Sajjana,Sajjana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>sṛj</em>] decking,equipping ThA.241.(Page 668),7,1
  11008. 383643,en,15,sajjati,sajjati,Sajjati,Sajjati,[Pass.of <em>sañj </em>or <em>saj</em> to hang.Cp.saṅga] 1.to cling,to,to be attached S.I,38,111 (aor.2 sg.sajjittho); II,228; A.II,165; J.I,376 (id.asajjittho); Sn.522,536.ppr.<i>(a)sajjamāna</i> (un)--attached Sn.28,466; J.III,352.-- 2.to hesitate J.I,376 (asajjitvā without hesitation).-- pp.<i>satta<sup>1</sup></i>.-- Cp.<i>abhi° </i>&<i> vi°</i>.(Page 668),7,1
  11009. 383657,en,15,sajjeti,sajjeti,Sajjeti,Sajjeti,[Caus.of <em>sṛj</em> (sajati<sup>1</sup>),Sk.sarjayati] to send out,prepare,give,equip; to fit up,decorate:<i>dānaṁ</i> to give a donation DhA.II,88; <i>pātheyyaṁ</i> to prepare provisions J.III,343; <i>gehe</i> to construct houses J.I,18; <i>nāṭakāni</i> to arrange ballets J.I,59; <i>yaññaṁ</i> to set up a sacrifice J.I,336; <i>dhammasabhaṁ</i> to equip a hall for a religious meeting J.III,342; <i>nagaraṁ</i> to decorate the town J.V,212; <i>paṇṇākāraṁ</i> to send a present J.III,10.-- Caus.II.<i>sajjāpeti</i> to cause to be given or prepared J.I,446:PvA.81.Cp.<i>vissajjeti</i>.(Page 669),7,1
  11010. 383664,en,15,sajjha,sajjha,Sajjha,Sajjha,(nt.) [cp.Sk.sādhya] silver D.II,351 (v.l.); S.V,92 (v.l.); A.III,16.Cp.<i>sajjhu</i>.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> silversmith Miln.331.(Page 669),6,1
  11011. 383676,en,15,sajjhaya,sajjhāya,Sajjhāya,Sajjhāya,[cp.Sk.svādhyāya,sva+adhyāya,i.e.sa<sup>4</sup>+ ajjhaya,cp.ajjhayana &#38; ajjhāyaka] repetition,rehearsal study D.III,241; Vin.I,133; II,194; A.IV,136; S.V,121 J.I,116,436; II,48; Miln.12,KhA 24; VbhA.250 sq.‹-› <i>°ṁ karoti</i> to study D.III,241; A.III,22; J.V,54.(Page 669),8,1
  11012. 383702,en,15,sajjhayati,sajjhāyati,Sajjhāyati,Sajjhāyati,[denom.fr.sajjhāya,cp.BSk.svādhyāyita AvŚ I.287; II,23] to rehearse,to repeat (aloud or silently),to study J.I,435; II,273; III,216; IV,64; Miln.10.-- ppr.<i>°āyanto</i> DhA.III,347; ger.<i>sajjhāya</i> S.I,202, &#38; <i>sajjhāyitvā</i> J.IV,477; V,450; KhA 97.-- Caus.<i>sajjhāpeti</i> to cause to learn,to teach J.III,28 (of teacher,with adhīyati,of pupil).Caus.II.<i>sajjhāyāpeti</i> id.Miln.10.(Page 669),10,1
  11013. 383717,en,15,sajjhu,sajjhu,Sajjhu,Sajjhu,(nt.) [cp.sajjha] silver D.II,351; S.V,92; J.VI,48; Mhvs 19,4; 27,26; 28,33.(Page 669),6,1
  11014. 383729,en,15,sajjita,sajjita,Sajjita,Sajjita,[pp.of sajjeti] issued,sent off; offered,prepared S.II,186; Vin.III,137 (here in sense of “happy”= <i>sukhita</i>); Miln.244 (of an arrow:sent); Mhvs 17,7; 27,16.-- nt.offering (=upakkhaṭa) DA.I,294; PvA.107.(Page 668),7,1
  11015. 383747,en,15,sajju,sajju,Sajju,Sajju,(adv.) [Sk.sadyaḥ,sa+<em>dyaḥ</em>,lit.one the same day] 1.instantly,speedily,quickly Dāvs III,37.-- 2.newly,recently Dh.71 (°khīra; cp.DhA.II,67).(Page 669),5,1
  11016. 383753,en,15,sajjukam,sajjukaṁ,Sajjukaṁ,Sajjukaṁ,<i>=sajju:</i> 1.quickly Mhvs 7,6; 14,62.-- 2.newly VvA.197.(Page 669),8,1
  11017. 383760,en,15,sajjulasa,sajjulasa,Sajjulasa,Sajjulasa,[cp.Sk.sarjarasa; see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 19<sup>2</sup>] resin Vin.I,202.(Page 669),9,1
  11018. 383769,en,15,sajotibhuta,sajotibhūta,Sajotibhūta,Sajotibhūta,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+joti+bhūta; same BSk.,e.g.MVastu I.5] flaming,ablaze,aglow D.I,95; Vin.I,25; A.I,141; J.I,232; DA.I,264.(Page 668),11,1
  11019. 383779,en,15,saka,saka,Saka,Saka,(adj.) [sa<sup>4</sup>+ka] own D.I,106,119,231; II,173 (sakaṁ te “all be your own,” as greeting to the king); M.I,79; Vin.I,3,249 (ācariyaka); S.V,261 (id.); Sn.861; It.76; Nd<sup>1</sup> 252; Pv.I,5<sup>1</sup> (ghara); II,6<sup>1</sup> (bhātā).-- Opp.<i>assaka<sup>2</sup></i>.<i> -- appassaka</i> having little or nothing as one’s own (=daḷidda) A.I,261; II,203; <i>kamma-ssaka</i> possessing one’s own kamma M.III,203 sq.; A.V,288; Miln.65; Dhs.1366.<br><br> <i>--gavacaṇḍa</i> violent towards one’s own cows,harassing one’s own Pug.47.(Page 659),4,1
  11020. 383790,en,15,saka,sāka,Sāka,Sāka,(nt.) [Epic Sk.śāka] 1.vegetable,potherb D.I,166; M.I,78,156; A.I,241,295; II,206; Pug.55; Vism.70; Vv 33<sup>33</sup>; J.III,225; IV,445; V,103.-- 2.(m.) name of a tree (<i>teak;</i> Tectona grandis) D.I,92; DA.I,259; Vism.250.<i>°-vatthu</i> ground for cultivation of vegetables J.IV,446; sāka-paṇṇavaṇṇa “like the colour of vegetable leaf” (said of teeth) J.V,206 (cp.203).(Page 701),4,1
  11021. 383800,en,15,sakabala,sakabala,Sakabala,Sakabala,(adj.) [sa+kabala] containing a mouthful Vin.IV,195.(Page 660),8,1
  11022. 383816,en,15,sakaccha,sākacchā,Sākacchā,Sākacchā,(f.) conversation,talking over,discussing D.I,103; II,109; M.I,72; S.I,79; A.II,140,187 sq.; III,81; Sn.266; Miln.19,24; DhA.I,90 (°aṁ karoti); J.VI,414.(Page 702),8,1
  11023. 383826,en,15,sakaccheti,sākaccheti,Sākaccheti,Sākaccheti,[denom.fr.sākacchā] to converse with,talk over with,discuss D.II,237 (+sallapati); ppr.sākacchanto Vin.I,169; fut.sākacchissanti Vin.II,75; III,159; grd.sākacchātabba Vin.V,123,196; ppr.med.sākacchā yamāna A.II,189.(Page 702),10,1
  11024. 383843,en,15,sakadagamin,sakadāgāmin,Sakadāgāmin,Sakadāgāmin,[sakad=sakid,+āgāmin] “returning once,” one who will not be reborn on earth more than once; one who has attained the second grade of saving wisdom Vin.I,293; D.I,156,229; III,107; M.I,34; S.III,168; A.I,120,232 sq.; II,89,134; III,348; IV,292 sq.,380; V,138 sq.,372 sq.; DhA.IV,66.(Page 660),11,1
  11025. 383852,en,15,sakadagamita,sakadāgāmitā,Sakadāgāmitā,Sakadāgāmitā,(f.) [abstr.fr.last] the state of a “oncereturner” D.II,206.(Page 660),12,1
  11026. 383869,en,15,sakala,sakala,Sakala,Sakala,(adj.) [cp.Sk.sakala] all,whole,entire Vin.II,109; Vism.321; SnA 132; PvA.93,97,111.Cp.sākalya.(Page 660),6,1
  11027. 383889,en,15,sakalika,sakalikā,Sakalikā,Sakalikā,(f.) [fr.sakala=Sk.śakala potsherd] a potsherd; a splinter,bit D.II,341; A.II,199=S.IV,197; S.I,27= Miln.179; M.I,259; A.V,9 (°aggi); J.IV,430; Miln.134; KhA 43 (maccha°); Nett 23; DhsA.319.-- <i>sakalikaṁ sakalikaṁ</i> in little pieces Vin.II,112.-- <i>sakalika-hīra</i> a skewer J.IV,29,30.(Page 660),8,1
  11028. 383904,en,15,sakalya,sākalya,Sākalya,Sākalya,(nt.) [fr.sakala] totality; KhA 187 (opp.vekalya); sākalya A.I,94 is misprint for sākhalya.(Page 702),7,1
  11029. 383910,en,15,sakamana,sakamana,Sakamana,Sakamana,[saka+mana] is Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>attamana</i> (q.v.),e.g.DA.I,129,255.(Page 660),8,1
  11030. 383917,en,15,sakamma,sakamma,Sakamma,Sakamma,(nt.) [sa<sup>4</sup>+kamma] one’s own occupation D.I,135.(Page 660),7,1
  11031. 383926,en,15,sakanika,sakaṇika,Sakaṇika,Sakaṇika,(adj.) [sa+kaṇa+ika] having a mole D.I,80; DA.I,223.(Page 659),8,1
  11032. 383936,en,15,sakannajappaka,sakaṇṇajappaka,Sakaṇṇajappaka,Sakaṇṇajappaka,[sa+kaṇṇa+jappa+ka] whispering in the ear,a method of (secretly) taking votes Vin.II,98 sq.(salāka-gāha).(Page 660),14,1
  11033. 383942,en,15,sakantaka,sakaṇṭaka,Sakaṇṭaka,Sakaṇṭaka,(adj.) [sa+kaṇṭaka] thorny,dangerous D.I,135; Th.2,352; DA.I,296.(Page 659),9,1
  11034. 383955,en,15,sakara,sākāra,Sākāra,Sākāra,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+ākāra] with its characteristics D.I,13; III,111; M.I,35; Pug.60; Vism.423 (+sa-uddesa).(Page 702),6,1
  11035. 383963,en,15,sakaraniya,sakaraṇīya,Sakaraṇīya,Sakaraṇīya,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+karaṇīya] one who still has something to do (in order to attain perfection) D.II,143; Th.1,1045; Miln.138.(Page 660),10,1
  11036. 383968,en,15,sakarun,sakaruṇ,Sakaruṇ,Sakaruṇ,a-bhāva [sa<sup>3</sup>+karuṇa+bhāva] being full of compassion SnA 318.(Page 660),7,1
  11037. 383974,en,15,sakasa,sakāsa,Sakāsa,Sakāsa,[sa<sup>3</sup>+k.=Sk.kāśa] presence; Acc.<i>sakāsaṁ</i> towards,to Sn.326; J.V,480; PvA.237; Loc.<i>sakāse</i> in the presence of,before J.III,24; IV,281; V,394; VI,282.(Page 660),6,1
  11038. 383985,en,15,sakasata,sakasaṭa,Sakasaṭa,Sakasaṭa,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+k.] faulty,wrong (lit.bitter) Miln.119 (vacana).(Page 660),8,1
  11039. 383995,en,15,sakata,sakaṭa,Sakaṭa,Sakaṭa,<sup>2</sup> see <i>kasaṭa</i>.(Page 659),6,1
  11040. 383996,en,15,sakata,sakaṭa,Sakaṭa,Sakaṭa,<sup>1</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Sk.śakaṭa; Vedic śakaṭī] a cart,waggon; a cartload D.II,110; Vin.III,114; J.I,191; Miln.238; PvA.102; VbhA.435 (simile of two carts); SnA 58 (udaka-bharita°),137 (bīja°).<i>sakaṭāni pajāpeti</i> to cause the carts to go on J.II,296.<br><br> <i>--gopaka</i> the guardian of the waggon DhA.IV,60.<i>--bhāra</i> a cart-load VvA.79.<i>--mukha</i> the front or opening of the waggon,used as adj.“facing the waggon or the cart” (?) at D.II,234,of the earth -- that is,India as then known -- and at D.II,235 (comp.Mahāvastu III,208),of six kingdoms in Northern India.At the second passage B.explains that the six kingdoms all debouched alike on the central kingdom,which was hexagonal in shape.This explanation does not fit the other passage.Could <i>sakaṭa</i> there be used of the constellation Rohinī,which in mediæval times was called the Cart? Cp.Dial.II.269.<i>--vāha</i> a cart-load Pv.II,7<sup>5</sup>.<i>--vyūha</i> “the waggon array,” a wedge-shaped phalanx J.II,404; IV,343; Vism.384.(Page 659),6,1
  11041. 384000,en,15,sakata,sakatā,Sakatā,Sakatā,(f.) (-°) [abstr.fr.saka] one’s own nature,identity,peculiarity:see <i>kamma-ssakatā</i> &#38; adj.<i>°ssakata</i>.It may also be considered as an abstr.formation fr.kamma-ssaka.(Page 660),6,1
  11042. 384027,en,15,sakatika,sākaṭika,Sākaṭika,Sākaṭika,[fr.sakaṭa<sup>1</sup>] a carter S.I,57; Th.2,443 (ThA.271= senaka); J.III,104; Miln.66,164.(Page 702),8,1
  11043. 384078,en,15,sakha,sākhā,Sākhā,Sākhā,[Vedic śākhā,cp.also śaṅku stick, &#38; Goth.hōha plough] a branch Vin.I,28; M.I,135; A.I,152; II,165,200 sq.; III,19,43 sq.,200; IV,99,336; V,314 sq.; Sn.791; J.V,393; J.II,44; a spur of a hill A.I,243; II,140; Miln.36; also <i>sākha</i> (nt.) Mhvs 1,55; J.I,52; IV,350; J.I,164 (? yāva aggasākhā).-- the rib of a parasol Sn.688.‹-› adj.sīla-sākha-pasākha whose branches and boughs are like the virtues J.VI,324.In cpds.<i>sākha° </i>&<i> sākhā°</i>.<br><br> <i>--nagaraka</i> “little town in the branches,” i.e.a suburb,a small town D.II,146; J.I,391.<i>--patta-palāsa</i> branches and foliage A.III,44; <i>--patta-phal’upeta</i> with branches,leaves &#38; fruit A.III,43.<i>--palāsa</i> id.M.I,488; A.II,200.<i>--bhaṅga</i> faggots J.I,158; III,407; DhA.II,204; III,375.<i>--miga</i> a monkey J.II,73; <i>--ssita</i> living upon branches (i.e.monkey) J.V,233.(Page 702),5,1
  11044. 384094,en,15,sakhalya,sākhalya,Sākhalya,Sākhalya, &#38; Sakhalla (nt.) [abstr.from sakhila] friendship M.I,446 (=tameness); A.I,94; D.III,213; Dhs.1343; DA.I,287; DhsA.396; J.IV,57,58 (=maṭṭhavacana “smooth words”).(Page 702),8,1
  11045. 384119,en,15,sakhapuranasanthuta,sākhapurāṇasanthuta,Sākhapurāṇasanthuta,Sākhapurāṇasanthuta,[fr.sakhi+purāṇa°] one with whom one has formerly been friendly J.V,448.(Page 702),19,1
  11046. 384125,en,15,sakhavant,sākhavant,Sākhavant,Sākhavant,(adj.) [sākhā+vant] having branches J.III,493.(Page 702),9,1
  11047. 384129,en,15,sakhi,sakhi,Sakhi,Sakhi,[Vedic sakhi m. &#38; f.] a companion,friend; Nom.<i>sakhā</i> J.II,29; 348; Acc.<i>sakhāraṁ</i> J.II,348; V,509; &#38; <i>sakhaṁ</i> J.II,299; Instr.<i>sakhinā</i> J.IV,41; Abl.<i>sakhārasmā</i> J.III,534; Gen.<i>sakhino</i> J.VI,478; Voc.<i>sakhā</i> J.III,295; Nom.pl.<i>sakhā</i> J.III,323; &#38; <i>sakhāro</i> J.III,492; Gen.<i>sakhīnaṁ</i> J.III,492; IV,42; &#38; <i>sakhānaṁ</i> J.II,228.In comp<sup>n</sup> with <i>bhū</i> as <i>sakhi° </i>&<i> sakhī°</i>,e.g.<i>sakhibhāva</i> friendship J.VI,424; PvA.241; &#38; <i>sakhībhāva</i> J.III,493.(Page 661),5,1
  11048. 384132,en,15,sakhi,sakhī,Sakhī,Sakhī,(f.) [to sakhi] a female friend J.II,27,348.(Page 661),5,1
  11049. 384145,en,15,sakhika,sakhikā,Sakhikā,Sakhikā,(f.) [fr.sakhi] a female friend J.III,533.(Page 661),7,1
  11050. 384151,en,15,sakhila,sakhila,Sakhila,Sakhila,(adj.) [fr.sakhi] kindly in speech,congenial D.I,116; Vin.II,11; J.I,202,376; Miln.207; Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup> (=mudu PvA.230).Cp.sākhalya.<br><br> <i>--vācatā</i> use of friendly speech Dhs.1343.(Page 661),7,1
  11051. 384164,en,15,sakhita,sakhitā,Sakhitā,Sakhitā,(f.) [abstr.fr.sakhi] friendship Th.1,1018,1019.(Page 661),7,1
  11052. 384167,en,15,sakhura,sakhura,Sakhura,Sakhura,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+khura] with the hoofs J.I,9; Bdhgh on M.I.78 (see M.I,536).(Page 661),7,1
  11053. 384173,en,15,sakhya,sakhya,Sakhya,Sakhya,(nt.) [Sk.sākhya; cp.sakkhī] friendship J.II,409; VI,353 sq.(Page 661),6,1
  11054. 384183,en,15,sakicca,sakicca,Sakicca,Sakicca,(nt.) [sa<sup>4</sup>+kicca] one’s own duty or business Vism.321 (°pasuta).(Page 660),7,1
  11055. 384187,en,15,sakiccaya,sakiccaya,Sakiccaya,Sakiccaya,(nt.) [sa<sup>4</sup>+kiccaya=kṛtya]=<i>sakicca</i> Miln.42; DhsA.196 (°pasuta).(Page 660),9,1
  11056. 384191,en,15,sakid,sakid,Sakid,Sakid, &#38; Sakiṁ (adv.) [fr.sa°=saṁ] once.(1) <i>sakiṁ:</i> D.II,188; J.I,397; DhA.III,116 (sakiṁvijātā itthi= primipara); once more:Miln.238; once for all:Th.2,466; DhA.II,44; ThA.284.- (2) <i>sakid</i> (in composition; see also <i>sakad-</i>āgāmin):in <i>sakid eva</i> once only A.II,238; IV,380; Pug.16; PvA.243; at once Vin.I,31.(Page 660),5,1
  11057. 384209,en,15,sakincana,sakiñcana,Sakiñcana,Sakiñcana,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+kiñcana] having something; (appl<sup>d</sup>) with attachment,full of worldly attachment Sn.620= Dh.I,246; Dh.396 (=rāg’ādīhi kiñcanehi sakiñcana DhA.IV,158).(Page 660),9,1
  11058. 384214,en,15,sakiya,sakiya,Sakiya,Sakiya,(adj.) [fr.saka,cp.Sk.svakīya] own J.II,177 III,48,49; IV,177.(Page 660),6,1
  11059. 384245,en,15,sakka,sakka,Sakka,Sakka,(adj.) [fr.<em>śak</em>,cp.Sk.śakya] able,possible Sn.143.sasakkaṁ (=sa<sup>3</sup>+s.) as much as possible,as much as one is able to M.I,415,514.(Page 660),5,1
  11060. 384257,en,15,sakka,sakkā,Sakkā,Sakkā,(indecl.) [originally Pot.of sakkoti=Vedic śakyāt; cp.Prk.sakkā with Pischel’s expl<sup>n</sup> in Prk.Gr.§ 465.A corresponding formation,similar in meaning,is <i>labbhā</i> (q.v.)] possible (lit.one might be able to); in the older language still used as a Pot.,but later reduced to an adv.with infin.E.g.sakkā sāmaaññphalaṁpaññāpetuṁ would one be able to point out a result of samaṇaship,D.I,51; khādituṁ na sakkā,one could not eat,J.II,16; na sakkā maggo akkhātuṁ,the way cannot be shown,Mil 269; sakkā etaṁ mayā ñātuṁ? can I ascertain this? D.I,187; sakkā honti imāni aṭṭha sukhāni vindituṁ,these eight advantages are able to be enjoyed,J.I,8; sakkā etaṁ abhavissa kātuṁ,this would be possible to do,D.I,168; imaṁ sakkā gaṇhituṁ,this one we can take J.IV,219.See also SnA 338,376 (=labbhā); PvA.12,69,96.(Page 660),5,1
  11061. 384270,en,15,sakkacca,sakkacca,Sakkacca,Sakkacca,(ṁ) (adv.) [orig.ger.of sakkaroti] respectfully,carefully,duly,thoroughly; often with <i>uppaṭṭhahati</i> to attend,serve with due honour.-- Vv 12<sup>5</sup>; Miln.305; J.IV,310.The form <i>sakkaccaṁ</i> is the older and more usual,e.g.at D.II,356 sq.; S.IV,314; A.II,147; IV,392; Vin.IV,190,275; Th.1,1054; J.I,480; Dh.392; PvA.26,121.The BSk.form is satkṛtya,e.g.MVastu I.10.<i>--kārin</i> zealous S.III,267; Miln.94.<i>--dāna</i> M.III,24.(Page 660),8,1
  11062. 384300,en,15,sakkara,sakkāra,Sakkāra,Sakkāra,[fr.sat+<em>kṛ</em>] hospitality,honour,worship Vin.I,27,183; A.II,203; J.I,63; II,9,104; Dh.75; Miln.386; Dhs.1121; Vism.270; SnA 284; VbhA.466.<i>°ṁ karoti</i> to pay reverence,to say goodbye DhA.I,398.Cp.<i>lābha</i>.(Page 661),7,1
  11063. 384312,en,15,sakkareti,sakkāreti,Sakkāreti,Sakkāreti,is Caus.of <i>sakkaroti</i> (q.v.).(Page 661),9,1
  11064. 384339,en,15,sakkaroti,sakkaroti,Sakkaroti,Sakkaroti,[sat+<em>kṛ</em>] to honour,esteem,treat with respect,receive hospitably; often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>garukaroti</i>,<i> māneti</i>,<i> pūjeti</i>,e.g.D.I,91,117; III,84; M.I,126.ppr.<i>°karonto</i> D.II,159; Pot.<i>°kareyya</i> It.110; aor.<i>°kari</i> PvA.54; ger.<i>°katvā</i> Pug.35; J.VI,14, &#38; <i>°kacca</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>sakkata</i>.-- Caus.<i>sakkāreti</i>=sakkaroti; Mhvs 32,44; grd.<i>sakkāreyya</i> Th.1,186 (so read for °kareyya).(Page 660),9,1
  11065. 384351,en,15,sakkata,sakkata,Sakkata,Sakkata,[pp.of sakkaroti] honoured,duly attendo D.I,114,116; II,167; Nd 73; J.I,334; Miln.21; SnA 43 Usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>garukata</i>,<i> pūjita</i>,<i> mānita</i>.(Page 660),7,1
  11066. 384360,en,15,sakkati,sakkati,Sakkati,Sakkati,<i> </i>[<i>ṣvaṣk;</i> Dhtp 9:gamana] to go; see <i>osakkati </i>&<i> cp</i>.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 302.Other P.cpds.are <i>ussakkati </i>&<i> paṭisakkati</i>.(Page 660),7,1
  11067. 384371,en,15,sakkatta,sakkatta,Sakkatta,Sakkatta,(nt.) [fr.Sakka=Indra] Śakraship,the position as the ruler of the devas M.III,65; J.I,315; Vism.301 (brahmatta+).<i>°rajja</i> a kingdom rivalling Sakka’s J.I,315.(Page 660),8,1
  11068. 384395,en,15,sakkaya,sakkāya,Sakkāya,Sakkāya,[sat+kāya,cp.BSk.satkāya Divy 46; AvŚ I.85.See on expl<sup>n</sup> of term Mrs.Rh.D.in J.R.A.S.1894,324; Franke Dīgha trsl<sup>n</sup> p.45; Geiger P.Gr.§ 24<sup>1</sup>; Kern.Toev.II.52] the body in being,the existing body or group (=<i>--nikāya</i> q.v.); as a t.t.in P.psychology almost equal to individuality; identified with the five khandhas M.I,299; S.III,159; IV,259; A.II,34; Th.2,170,239; DhsA.348.See also D.III,216 (cp.Dial.III,216<sup>1</sup>); A.III,293,401; Nd<sup>1</sup> 109.<br><br> <i>--diṭṭhi</i> theory of soul,heresy of individuality,speculation as to the eternity or otherwise of one’s own individuality M.I,300=III,17=DhS 1003,S.III,16 sq.In these passages this is explained as the belief that in one or other of the khandhas there is a permanent entity,an attā.The same explanation,at greater length,in the Diṭṭhigata Sutta (Ps.I,143--151).As delusions about the soul or ghost can arise out of four sorts of bias (see <i>abhinivesa</i>) concerning each of the five khandhas,we have twenty kinds of s° diṭṭhi:fifteen of these are kinds of <i>sakkāya-vatthukā sassata-diṭṭhi</i>,and five are kinds of <i>s°-vatthukā uccheda-diṭṭhi</i> (ibid.149,150).Gods as well as men are <i>s° pariyāpannā</i> S.III,85; and so is the eye,DhsA.308.When the word <i>diṭṭhi</i> is not expressed it is often implied,Th.2,199,339; Sn.231.S° diṭṭhi is the first Bond to be broken on entering the Path (see <i>saṁyojana</i>); it is identical with the fourth kind of Grasping (see <i>upādāna</i>); it is opposed to Nibbāna,S.IV,175; is extinguished by the Path,M.I,299; S.III,159; IV,260; and is to be put away by insight DhsA.346.-- See further:D.III,234; A.III,438; IV,144 sq.; Kvu 81; Sn.950; Dhs.1003; and on term Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> § 1003; K.S.III,80,n.3.<i>--nirodha</i> the destruction of the existing body or of individuality A.II,165 sq.; III,246; D.III,216.<i>--samudaya</i> the rise of individuality D.III,216; Nd<sup>1</sup> 109.(Page 660),7,1
  11069. 384414,en,15,sakkhali,sakkhali,Sakkhali,Sakkhali,( &#38; <i>Sakkhalikā</i>) (f.) [cp.Sk.śaṣkulī] 1.the orifice of the ear:see <i>kaṇṇa°</i>.-- 2.a sort of cake or sweetmeat (cp.saṅguḷikā) A.III,76 (T.sakkhalakā; v.l.°likā &#38; saṅkulikā); Vin.III,59; J.II,281.(Page 661),8,1
  11070. 384426,en,15,sakkhara,sakkharā,Sakkharā,Sakkharā,(f.) [cp.Vedic śarkarā gravel] 1.gravel,grit Vin.III,147=J.II,284; J.I,192; A.I,253; D.I,84; Pv III,2<sup>28</sup>; DhA.IV,87.-- 2.potsherd VvA.157; PvA.282,285.-- 3.grain,granule,crystal,in <i>loṇa°</i> a salt crystal S.II,276; DhA.I,370; SnA 222.-- 4.(granulated) sugar J.I,50.(Page 661),8,1
  11071. 384439,en,15,sakkharappabheda,sākkharappabheda,Sākkharappabheda,Sākkharappabheda,[sa<sup>3</sup>+akkhara+pabheda] together with the distinction of letters,with the phonology D.I,88; A.I,163; Sn,p.101; Miln.10; DA.I,247 (akkharappabhedo ti sikkhā ca nirutti ca).(Page 702),16,1
  11072. 384445,en,15,sakkharika,sakkharikā,Sakkharikā,Sakkharikā,(f.) [fr.sakkharā] in <i>loṇa°</i> a piece of salt crystal Vin.I,206; II,237.(Page 661),10,1
  11073. 384447,en,15,sakkharilla,sakkharilla,Sakkharilla,Sakkharilla,(adj.) [=sakkharika,fr.sakkharā] containing gravel,pebbly,stony A.IV,237.(Page 661),11,1
  11074. 384456,en,15,sakkhi,sakkhi,Sakkhi,Sakkhi,<sup>1</sup> [sa<sup>3</sup>+akkhin; cp.Sk.sākṣin] an eyewitness D.II,237 (Nom.sg.sakkhī=with his own eyes,as an eyewitness); Sn.479,921,934 (sakkhi dhammaṁ adassi,where the corresp.Sk.form would be sākṣād); J.I,74.-- <i>kāya-sakkhī</i> a bodily witness,i.e.one who has bodily experienced the 8 vimokkhas A.IV,451; Vism.93,387,659.-- <i>sakkhiṁ karoti</i> [Sk.sākṣī karoti] (1) to see with one’s own eyes S.II,255; (2) to call upon as a witness (with Gen.of person) J.VI,280 (rājāno); DhA.II,69 (Moggallānassa sakkhiṁ katvā); PvA.217 (but at 241 as “friendship”).Note.The P.form is rather to be taken as an adv.(“as present”) than adj.:<i>sakkhiṁ </i>&<i> sakkhi</i>,with reduced <i>sakkhi°</i> (cp.sakid &#38; sakiṁ).See also <i>sacchi°</i>.<br><br> <i>--diṭṭha</i> seen face to face M.I,369; D.I,238; J.VI,233.<i>--puṭṭha</i> asked as a witness Sn.84,122; Pug.29.<i>--bhabbatā</i> the state of becoming an eyewitness,of experiencing M.I,494; DhsA.141.<i>--sāvaka</i> a contemporaneous or personal disciple D.II,153.(Page 661),6,1
  11075. 384462,en,15,sakkhi,sakkhī,Sakkhī,Sakkhī,(f.) or sakkhi<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.sākhya] friendship (with somebody=Instr.) S.I,123=A.V,46 (janena karoti sakkhiṁ make friends with people); Pv IV.1<sup>57</sup>; IV,1<sup>65</sup>; J.III,493; IV,478.Cp.<i>sakhya</i>.(Page 661),6,1
  11076. 384492,en,15,sakkoti,sakkoti,Sakkoti,Sakkoti,<i> </i>[<i>śak;</i> def.Dhtp 508 etc.as “sattiyaṁ”:see satti] to be able.Pres.<i>sakkoti</i> D.I,246; Vin.I,31; Miln.4; DhA.I,200; <i>sakkati</i> [=Class.Sk.śakyate] Nett 23.Pot.<i>sakkuṇeyya</i> J.I,361; PvA.106; archaic 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>sakkuṇemu</i> J.V,24; Pv.II,8<sup>1</sup>.ppr.<i>sakkonto</i> Miln.27.-- Fut.<i>sakkhati</i> Sn.319; <i>sakkhīti</i> [=Sk.śakṣyati] M.I,393; pl.3<sup>rd</sup> <i>sakkhinti</i> Sn.28; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>sagghasi</i> Sn.834; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>sakkhissati</i> DhA.IV,87.-- Aor.<i>asakkhi</i> D.I,96,236; PvA.38; <i>sakkhi</i> Miln.5; J.V,116; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>asakkhimha</i> PvA.262, &#38; <i>asakkhimhā</i> Vin.III,23; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.also <i>sakkuṇi</i> Mhvs 7,13.-- grd.<i>sakkuṇeyya</i> (neg.<i>a°</i>) (im)possible J.I,55; PvA.122.-- <i>sakka </i>&<i> sakkā</i> see sep.(Page 661),7,1
  11077. 384510,en,15,sakkuneyyatta,sakkuṇeyyatta,Sakkuṇeyyatta,Sakkuṇeyyatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.sakkuṇeyya,grd.of sakkoti] possibility; <i>a°</i> impossibility PvA.48.(Page 661),13,1
  11078. 384525,en,15,sakula,sakula,Sakula,Sakula,[cp.Epic Sk.śakula] a kind of fish J.V,405.(Page 660),6,1
  11079. 384535,en,15,sakumara,sakumāra,Sakumāra,Sakumāra,(adj.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+kumāra] of the same age; a playmate J.V,360,366.(Page 660),8,1
  11080. 384541,en,15,sakuna,sakuṇa,Sakuṇa,Sakuṇa,[Vedic śakuna] a bird (esp.with ref.to augury) D.I,71 (pakkhin+); Vin.III,147; S.I,197; A.II,209; III,241 sq.,368; J.II,111,162 (Kandagala); KhA 241.<i>pantha°</i> see under pantha.-- f.<i>sakuṇī</i> S.I,44.adj.<i>sakuṇa</i> J.V,503 (maṁsa).<br><br> <i>--kulāvaka</i> a bird’s nest KhA 56.<i>--patha</i> bird-course,Npl.Nd<sup>1</sup> 155.<i>--pāda</i> bird foot KhA 47.<i>--ruta</i> the cry of birds Miln.178.<i>--vatta</i> the habit (i.e.life) of a bird J.V,254.<i>--vijjā</i> bird craft,augury (i.e.understanding the cries of birds) D.I,9; DA.I,93.(Page 660),6,1
  11081. 384553,en,15,sakunagghi,sakuṇagghi,Sakuṇagghi,Sakuṇagghi,(f.) [sakuṇa+°ghi,f.of °gha] a kind of hawk (lit.“bird-killer”) S.V,146; J.II,59; Miln.365.Cp.<i>vyagghīnasa</i>.(Page 660),10,1
  11082. 384563,en,15,sakunaka,sakuṇaka,Sakuṇaka,Sakuṇaka,<i>=sakuṇa</i> SnA 27.-- f.<i>sakuṇikā</i> D.I,91; Miln.202; J.I,171; IV,290.(Page 660),8,1
  11083. 384586,en,15,sakunika,sākuṇika,Sākuṇika,Sākuṇika,[fr.sakuṇa] a fowler S.II,256; A.III,303; Pug.56; J.I,208.Comb<sup>d</sup> with miga-bandhaka &#38; macchaghātaka at SnA 289; with māgavika &#38; maccha-ghātaka at Pug.56.(Page 702),8,1
  11084. 384591,en,15,sakunita,sakuṇita,Sakuṇita,Sakuṇita,at PvA.123 read <i>saṅkucita</i>.(Page 660),8,1
  11085. 384599,en,15,sakunta,sakunta,Sakunta,Sakunta,[cp.Sk.śakunta] a bird; a kind of vulture Sn.241; Dh.92,174; J.IV,225; VI,272.(Page 660),7,1
  11086. 384603,en,15,sakuntaka,sakuntaka,Sakuntaka,Sakuntaka,=sakunta Vin.I,137.(Page 660),9,1
  11087. 384607,en,15,sakuntika,sākuntika,Sākuntika,Sākuntika,[fr.sakunta] a fowler,bird-catcher A.II,207; Th.2,299; ThA.227; DA.I,162.(Page 702),9,1
  11088. 384615,en,15,sakya,sakya,Sakya,Sakya,<i>:</i> see Dictionary of Names.In cpd.<i>°puttiya</i> (belonging to the Sakya son) in general meaning of “a (true) follower of the Buddha,” A.IV,202; Vin.I,44; Ud.44; <i>a°</i> not a follower of the B.Vin.III,25.(Page 661),5,1
  11089. 384645,en,15,sala,sāla,Sāla,Sāla,[cp.Sk.śāla &#38; sāla] a Sal tree (Shorea robusta) M.I,488; D.II,134; A.I,202; III,49,214; Dh.162.<br><br> <i>--māḷaka</i> an enclosure of Sal trees J.I,316.<i>--rukkha</i> Sal tree VvA.176.<i>--laṭṭhi</i> Sal sprout A.II,200.<i>--vana</i> Sal grove D.II,134; M.I,124; S.I,157; Vv 39<sup>2</sup>.(Page 706),4,1
  11090. 384655,en,15,sala,sālā,Sālā,Sālā,(f.) [cv.Vedic śālā,cp.Gr.kali/a hut,Lat.cella cell,Ohg.halla,E.hall] a large (covered &#38; enclosed) hall,large room,house; shed,stable etc.,as seen fr.foll.examples:<i>aggi°</i> a hall with a fire Vin.I,25,49=II.210; <i>āsana°</i> hall with seats DhA.II,65; <i>udapāna°</i> a shed over the well Vin.I,139; II,122; <i>upaṭṭhāna° á</i> service hall Vin.I,49,139; II,153,208,210; S.II,280; V,321; J.I,160; <i>kaṭhina°</i> a hall for the kaṭhina Vin.II,117.<i>kīḷa°</i> playhouse J.VI,332; <i>kutūhala°</i> a common room D.I,179= S.IV,398.<i>kumbhakāra°</i> potter’s hall DhA.I,39; <i>gilāna°</i> sick room,hospital S.IV,210; Vism.259; <i>jantāghāra°</i> (large) bath room Vin.I,140; II,122; <i>dāna°</i> a hall for donations J.I,262; <i>dvāra°</i> hall with doors M.I,382; II,66; <i>pāniya°</i> a water-room Vin.II,153; <i>bhatta°</i> refectory Vism.72; <i>yañña°</i> hall of sacrifice PugA 233; <i>rajana°</i> dyeing workshop Vism.65; <i>ratha°</i> car shed DhA.III,121; <i>hatthi°</i> an elephant stable Vin.I,277,345; II,194; J.I,187.(Page 706),4,1
  11091. 384666,en,15,salabha,salabha,Salabha,Salabha,[cp.Sk.śalabha] a moth J.V,401; Ud.72 (C.); VbhA.146.(Page 698),7,1
  11092. 384672,en,15,salabha,salābha,Salābha,Salābha,[sa<sup>4</sup>+lābha] one's own advantage Dh.365.(Page 699),7,1
  11093. 384685,en,15,salaka,salākā,Salākā,Salākā,(f.) [cp.Vedic śalākā] 1.an arrow,a dart A iv.107 (T.has it as nt.).-- 2.a small stick,peg,thin bar S iv.168; Dāvs iv.51.-- 3.blade of a grass M i.79; J i.439.-- 4.ribs of a parasol Vin iv.338; SnA 487; Miln.226.-- 5.a pencil,small stick (used in painting the eyes with collyrium) Vin i.204; J iii.419 (añjana˚).‹-› 6.a kind of needle Vin ii.116.-- 7.a kind of surgical instrument,a stick of caustic Miln.112,149.-- 8.a gong stick (of bronze,loha˚) J ii.342; Vism.283.-- 9.membrum virile J ii.359.-- 10.a ticket consisting of slips of wood used in voting and distributing food,vote,lot Vin ii.99,176,306; J i.123; PvA.272 (kāḷakaṇṇi˚); salākaṃ gaṇhāti to take tickets (in order to vote or to be counted) Vin i.117; ii.199; paṭhaman salākaṃ gaṇhanto taking the first vote,first rate A i.24; salākaṃ gāheti to issue tickets,to take a vote Vin ii.205; salākaṃ dadāti to issue tickets J i.123; salākaṃ vāreti to throw lots J i.239 (kāḷakaṇṇi˚).<br><br> <i> -- agga</i> room for distributing food by tickets J i.123; Mhvs 15,205.<i>-- odhāniya</i> a case for the ointment -- stick Vin i.204.<i>-- gāha</i> taking of votes,voting Vin ii.85,98 sq.(3 kinds).<i>-- gāhāpaka</i> ticket -- issuer,taker of voting tickets Vin ii.84.<i>-- bhatta</i> food to be distributed by tickets Vin i.58,96; ii.175; J i.123; DhA i.53 (eight kinds).<i>-- vātapāna</i> a window made with slips of wood Vin ii.148.<i>-- vutta</i> "subsisting on blades of grass" (or "by means of food tickets"?) Vin iii.6,67; iv.23; A i.160; S iv.323.Cp.BSk.śalākāvṛtti Divy 131.<i>-- hattha</i> brush -- hand,a kind of play,where the hand is dipped in lac or dye and used as a brush (?) D i.65; DA.i.85.(Page 699),6,1
  11094. 384690,en,15,salaka,sālaka,Sālaka,Sālaka,[Sk.syāla+ka] a brother-in-law J.II,268.(Page 706),6,1
  11095. 384715,en,15,salakakimi,sālakakimi,Sālakakimi,Sālakakimi,a kind of worm Miln.312.(Page 706),10,1
  11096. 384732,en,15,salakiya,sālākiya,Sālākiya,Sālākiya,(nt.) [cp.Sk.śālākya in Suśruta] ophthalmology D.I,12,69; DA.I,98.(Page 706),8,1
  11097. 384741,en,15,salakkhana,salakkhaṇa,Salakkhaṇa,Salakkhaṇa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [sa<sup>1</sup>+lakkhaṇa] own characteristic,that which is consistent with one’s own nature Miln.205; Nett 20.Opp.vilakkhaṇa.(Page 698),10,1
  11098. 384742,en,15,salakkhana,salakkhaṇa,Salakkhaṇa,Salakkhaṇa,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+lakkhaṇa] together with the characteristics Sn.1018.(Page 698),10,1
  11099. 384752,en,15,salala,salaḷa,Salaḷa,Salaḷa,a kind of sweet-scented tree J.V,420; Bu II.51= J.I,13; Vv 35<sup>5</sup>; VvA.162; Miln.338; M.II,184.(Page 698),6,1
  11100. 384768,en,15,salana,salana,Salana,Salana,(nt.) [fr.<em>śal</em>] moving,shaking VvA.169; DhsA.62 (in def<sup>n</sup> of kusala as “kucchitānaṁ salan’ādīhi atthehi kusalaṁ”).(Page 698),6,1
  11101. 384793,en,15,salatuka,salāṭuka,Salāṭuka,Salāṭuka,(adj.) [cp.*Sk.śalāṭu] fresh,unripe S i.150= Sn.p.125; Miln.334; VvA.288.(Page 699),8,1
  11102. 384800,en,15,salava,sāḷava,Sāḷava,Sāḷava,[cp.Sk.ṣāḍava,which is given in diff.meaning,viz.“comfits with fruits”] a certain dish,perhaps a kind of salad,given as “lambila,” i.e.bitter or astringent at DhsA.320 (made of badara or kapiṭṭha); cp.Vin.IV,259.(Page 707),6,1
  11103. 384812,en,15,salaya,sālaya,Sālaya,Sālaya,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+ālaya] having intentions (on),being attached (to=Loc.) J.III,332.(Page 706),6,1
  11104. 384821,en,15,salayatana,saḷāyatana,Saḷāyatana,Saḷāyatana,(nt.) [ṣaḍ˚ for which ordinarily chal˚:see cha] the six organs of sense and the six objects -- viz.,eye,ear,nose,tongue,body,and mind; forms,sounds,odouis,tastes,tangible things,ideas; occupying the fourth place in the Paṭiccasamuppāda D ii.32; M i.52; A i.176; S ii.3; Vin i.1; Vism.529,562 sq.,671; VbhA.174,176 sq.,319.(Page 699),10,1
  11105. 384831,en,15,salayati,salayati,Salayati,Salayati,[Caus.of <em>śal</em> to leap] to shake DhsA.39.(Page 698),8,1
  11106. 384844,en,15,sali,sāli,Sāli,Sāli,[cp.Sk.śāli] rice D.I,105,230; II,293; Vin.IV,264; M.I,57; A.I,32,145; III,49; IV,108 (+yavaka),231; S.V,10,48; J.I,66,178; IV,276; V,37; VI,531; Miln.251; Sn.240 sq.; Vism.418; pl.°-iyo J.I,325; Gen.pl.°-inaṁ J.VI,510.-- <i>lohitaka°</i> red rice Miln.252.<br><br> <i>--khetta</i> a rice-field A.I,241; IV,278; Vin.II,256; DhA.I,97; III,6.<i>--gabbha</i> ripening (young) rice DhA.I,97.<i>--bīja</i> rice seed A.I,32; V,213.<i>--bhatta</i> a meal of rice Vism.191.<i>--bhojana</i> rice food J.I,178.(Page 706),4,1
  11107. 384860,en,15,salika,sālika,Sālika,Sālika,(adj.) [fr.sāli] belonging to rice DhA.III,33.(Page 706),6,1
  11108. 384866,en,15,salika,sālikā,Sālikā,Sālikā,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.sārikā crow,usually comb<sup>d</sup> with śuka parrot] a kind of bird S.I,190=Th.1,1232; J.V,110.See <i>sāliya </i>&<i> sāḷikā</i>.(Page 706),6,1
  11109. 384870,en,15,salika,sāḷika,Sāḷika,Sāḷika,a bird; f.°ā the Maina bird J.I,429; VI,421.Spelt sāḷiyā at J.VI,425.See sālikā &#38; sāliya.(Page 707),6,1
  11110. 384888,en,15,salila,salila,Salila,Salila,(nt.) [cp.Sk.salila,to sarati1] water Sn.62,319,672; J i.8; v.169; VvA.41; PvA.157; Nd2 665 ("vuccati udakaṃ"); Miln.132 (written saliḷa); Sdhp.168.It is also adj.salilaṃ āpo flowing water J vi.534; cp.Miln.114:na tā nadiyo dhuva -- salilā.<br><br> <i> -- dhārā</i> shower of water Miln.117.<i>-- vuṭṭhi</i> id.Vism.234.(Page 699),6,1
  11111. 384901,en,15,salin,sālin,Sālin,Sālin,excellent Dāvs.I,9.(Page 706),5,1
  11112. 384902,en,15,salina,sālīna,Sālīna,Sālīna,(adj.) [fr.sāli] fine (rice) Miln.16 (°ṁ odanaṁ; cp.śālīnaṁ odanaṁ Divy 559).(Page 707),6,1
  11113. 384914,en,15,salittaka,sālittaka,Sālittaka,Sālittaka,(nt.) [fr.Sk.saṁlepa?] a sling,catapult (?); slinging stones,throwing potsherds etc.Pv IV.16<sup>7</sup>; PvA.285; J.I,418,420; DhA.II,69.(Page 706),9,1
  11114. 384924,en,15,saliya,sāliya,Sāliya,Sāliya,or sāliyā the maina bird (=sālikā) J.III,203; sāliyachāpa (a young bird of that kind),and sāliyacchāpa (i.e.sāliyā which is probably the right form) J.III,202.‹-› madhu-sāliyā J.V,8 (=suvaṇṇa-sālika-sakunā C.p.9<sup>11</sup>); J.VI,199 (suva-sāliya-°),425 (Sāliya-vacana the story of the maina bird,var.read.suva-khaṇḍa; a section of the 546th Jātaka,but sāḷiyā,sālikā,sāliyā is not a paṛrot.(Page 707),6,1
  11115. 384935,en,15,salla,salla,Salla,Salla,(nt.) [Vedic śalya,cp.śalākā] an arrow,dart M i.429 (˚ṃ āharati to remove the a); ii.216; S iv.206; J i.180; v.49; Sn.331,767; Miln.112; Vism.503 (visa˚ sting of poison; cp.VbhA.104 sallaṃ viya vitujjati); often metaphorically of the piercing sting of craving,evil,sorrow etc.,e.g.<i>antodosa˚</i> Miln.323; <i>taṇhā˚</i> S i.40,192; <i>bhava˚</i> Dh.351; <i>rāga˚</i> DhA iii.404; PvA.230; <i>soka˚</i> Sn.985; Pv i.86; KhA 153.Cp.also D ii.283; Sn.51,334,938; J i.155; iii.157; DhA iv.70.At Nd1 59 seven such stings are given with rāga˚,dosa˚,moha˚,māna˚,diṭṭhi˚,soka˚,kathaṅkathā˚.-- <i>abhūḷha˚</i> one whose sting of craving or attachment is pulled out D ii.283; Sn.593; J iii.390; Pv i.87 etc.(see abbūḷha).‹-› Cp.<i>vi˚</i>.<br><br> <i> -- katta</i> [*kartṛ cp.Geiger P.Gr.§ 90,4] "one who works on the (poisoned) arrow," i.e.a surgeon M i.429; ii.216; Sn.562; It.101; Miln.110,169; Vism.136 (in simile); KhA 21 (id.).The Buddha is the best surgeon:Sn.560; Miln.215.<i>-- kattiya</i> surgery D i.12 (T.˚ka); DA.i.98.<i>-- bandhana</i> at Th.2,347 take as salla+ bandhana "arrow &#38; prison bond" (ThA.242 different).<i>-- viddha</i> pierced by an arrow Th.1,967; Sn.331; cp.ruppati.<i>-- santhana</i> removal of the sting Dh.275 (=nimmathana abbāhana DhA iii.404).(Page 699),5,1
  11116. 384945,en,15,sallahuka,sallahuka,Sallahuka,Sallahuka,(adj.) [saṃ+lahuka] light J i.277; ii.26; Vism.65; DhA iv.17; sallahukena nakkhattena on lucky nights J ii.278; sallahukavuttin whose wants are easily met,frugal Sn.144; DA.i.207.Sallāpa [saṃ+lāpa] conversation D i.89; A ii.182; J i.112,189; Miln.94.Often in cpd.kathā &#38; allāpa˚.(Page 699),9,1
  11117. 384956,en,15,sallaka,sallaka,Sallaka,Sallaka,[cp.*Sk.śalala &#38; śallaka] a porcupine J v.489.(Page 699),7,1
  11118. 384972,en,15,sallaki,sallakī,Sallakī,Sallakī,(f.) [cp.Class.Sk.śallakī] the tree Boswellia thurifera (incense tree) J iv.92; pl.˚ -- iyo J vi.535; bahu- kuṭaja -- sallakika Th.1,115 (=indasālarukkha [?]).(Page 699),7,1
  11119. 384983,en,15,sallakkhana,sallakkhaṇā,Sallakkhaṇā,Sallakkhaṇā,(f.) [fr.sallakkheti] discernment,testing Dhs.16,292,555; Pug.25; Vism.278; VbhA.254; DhsA.147; <i>asallakkaṇa non-discernment</i> S iii.261.(Page 699),11,1
  11120. 384996,en,15,sallakkheti,sallakkheti,Sallakkheti,Sallakkheti,[saṃ+lakkheti] to observe,consider Vin i.48,271; J i.123; ii.8; Vism.150; to examine J v.13; to bear in mind DhsA.110; J vi.566; to understand,realize,conclude,think over J iv.146; VvA.185; VbhA.53; asallakkhetvā without deliberation Vin ii.215; inadvertently J i.209.-- Caus.II.<i>sallakkhāpeti</i> to cause to be noted Mhvs 9,24; DhsA.121; to persuade,bring to reason J vi.393.(Page 699),11,1
  11121. 385002,en,15,sallakkhita,sallakkhita,Sallakkhita,Sallakkhita,[pp.of sallakkheti] realized,thought DhA i.89.(Page 699),11,1
  11122. 385027,en,15,sallapati,sallapati,Sallapati,Sallapati,[saṃ+lapati] to talk (with) D i.90; ii.109; Miln.4; sallapeti the same Vin iv.14.Sallalīkata pierced,perforated J i.180.Trenckner suggests that this form may have arisen from *sallakīkata (from sallaka,porcupine).(Page 699),9,1
  11123. 385049,en,15,sallekha,sallekha,Sallekha,Sallekha,[fr.saṁ+<em>likh</em>] austere penance,the higher life M i.13,40; Vin i.305; Ps.i.102,103; Pug.69 sq.; DA.i.82; Vism.69; Miln.360,380; adj.Vin i.45; sallekhitācāra practising austere penance Miln.230,244,348 sq.; ˚vutti Vin ii.197; Vism.65 (˚vuttitā).Cp.abhi˚.(Page 699),8,1
  11124. 385055,en,15,sallekhata,sallekhatā,Sallekhatā,Sallekhatā,(f.)=<i>sallekha</i> D iii.115; Vism.53.(Page 699),10,1
  11125. 385080,en,15,sallina,sallīna,Sallīna,Sallīna,[saṃ+līna] sluggish,cowering D ii.255; asallīna active,upright,unshaken D ii.157; S i.159; iv.125; Cp.v.68.paṭi˚.(Page 699),7,1
  11126. 385085,en,15,sallitta,sallitta,Sallitta,Sallitta,[saṃ+litta] smeared (with) Th.1,1175 (mīḷha˚).(Page 699),8,1
  11127. 385090,en,15,salliyana,sallīyanā,Sallīyanā,Sallīyanā,(f.) stolidity Dhs.1156,1236.(Page 699),9,1
  11128. 385109,en,15,salohita,sālohita,Sālohita,Sālohita,[fr.sa<sup>2</sup>+lohita] a kinsman,a blood relation,usually together with ñāti Vin.I,4; D.II,26,345; A.I,139,222; II,115; Sn.p.91; PvA.28; VbhA.108.(Page 707),8,1
  11129. 385113,en,15,saloka,sāloka,Sāloka,Sāloka,[sa<sup>2</sup>+āloka] sight,view,sāloke tiṭṭhati to expose oneself to view in an open door Vin.II,267.(Page 707),6,1
  11130. 385124,en,15,saluka,sāluka,Sāluka,Sāluka,( &#38; °ūka) (nt.) [cp.Sk.śālūka] the edible root of the water-lily Vin.I,246; J.VI,563; VvA.142 (°muṭṭhi).(Page 707),6,1
  11131. 385138,en,15,salura,sālūra,Sālūra,Sālūra,[but cp.Sk.śālūra a frog] a dog J.IV,438 (°-saṁgha =sunakhagaṇa,C.; spelling ḷ).(Page 707),6,1
  11132. 385152,en,15,sam°,saṁ°,Saṁ°,Saṁ°,(indecl.) [prefix; Idg.*sem one; one &#38; the same,cp.Gr.o(malόs even,a(/ma at one,o(mόs together; Sk.sama even,the same; samā in the same way; Av.hama same=Goth.sama,samap together; Lat.simul (=simultaneous),similis “re-sembling.” Also Sk.sa (=sa<sup>2</sup>) together=Gr.a(-- a)-- (e.g.a)/koitis); Av.ha-; and samyak towards one point=P.sammā.-- Analogously to Lat.semel “once,” simul,we find sa° as numeral base for “one” in Vedic sakṛt “once”=P.sakid ( &#38; sakad),sahasra 1000=P.sahassa,and in adv.sadā “always,” lit.“in one”] prefix,implying conjunction &#38; completeness.saṁ° is after vi° (19%) the most frequent (16%) of all Pāli prefixes.Its primary meaning is “together” (cp.Lat.con°); hence arises that of a closer connection or a more accentuated action than that expressed by the simple verb (intensifying=thoroughly,quite),or noun.Very often merely pleonastic,esp.in comb<sup>n</sup> with other prefixes (e.g.sam-anu°,sam-ā°,sam-pa°).In meaning of “near by,together” it is opposed to para°; as modifying prefix it is contrary to abhi° and (more frequently) to vi° (e.g.saṁvadati› vivadati),whereas it often equals pa° (e.g.pamodati› sammodati),with which it is often comb<sup>d</sup> as sampa°; and also abhi° (e.g.abhivaḍḍhati›saṁvaḍḍhati),with which often comb<sup>d</sup> as abhisaṁ°.-- Bdhgh &#38; Dhpāla explain saṁ° by sammā (SnA 151; KhA 209:so read for samā āgatā),suṭṭhu (see e.g.santasita,santusita),or samantā (=altogether; SnA 152,154),or (dogmatically) sakena santena samena (KhA 240),or as “saṁyoga” Vism.495.-- In comb<sup>n</sup> with y we find both saṁy° and saññ°.The usual conṭracted form before r is sā°.(Page 655),4,1
  11133. 385163,en,15,sama,sama,Sama,Sama,<sup>3</sup> (adj.) [Vedic sama,fr.sa<sup>2</sup>; see etym.under saṁ°] 1.even,level J.I,315; III,172; Mhvs 23,51.samaṁ karoti to level Dh.178; SnA 66.Opp.visama.-- 2.like,equal,the same D.I,123,174; S.I,12; Sn.90,226,799,842; It.17,64; Dh.306; Miln.4.The compared noun is put in the Instr.; or precedes as first part of cpd.‹-› 3.impartial,upright,of even mind,just A.I,74,293 sq.; Sn.215,468,952.-- 4.sama°,foll.by numerals,means “altogether,”.e.g.°tiṁsa thirty altogether Bu 18,18.-- 5.Cases as adv.:Instr.samena with justice,impartially (=dhammena K.S.I.321) Dh.257; J.I,180; Acc.samaṁ equally D.II,166; together with,at,D.II,288; Mhvs 11,12.<br><br> --cāga equally liberal A.II,62.--jana an ordinary man,common people M.III,154=Vin.I,349.--jātika of the same caste J.I,68.--jīvitā regular life,living economically A.IV,281 sq.--tala level,even J.I,7; Pv IV.12<sup>1</sup> (of a pond).--dhāraṇa equal support or sustenance SnA 95.--dhura carrying an equal burden,equal J.I,191; asamadhura incomparable Sn.694 sq.; J.I,193.But sama-dhura-ggahaṇa “complete imperiousness” VbhA.492 (see yugaggāha).--vāhita evenly borne along (of equanimity) DhsA.133.--vibhatta in equal shares J.I,266.--sama exactly the same D.I,123; II,136; Pug.64; Miln.410; DA.I,290.--sīsin a kind of puggala,lit.“equal-headed,” i.e.one who simultaneously attains an end of craving and of life (cp.PugA 186.The expl<sup>n</sup> in J.P.T.S.1891,5 is wrong) Pug.13; Nett 190.--sūpaka with equal curry (when the curry is in quantity of onefourth of the rice) Vin.IV,190.(Page 681),4,1
  11134. 385164,en,15,sama,sama,Sama,Sama,<sup>2</sup> [fr.<em> śram</em>:see sammati<sup>2</sup>] fatigue J.VI,565.(Page 681),4,1
  11135. 385165,en,15,sama,sama,Sama,Sama,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>śam</em>:see sammati<sup>1</sup>] calmness,tranquillity,mental quiet Sn.896.samaṁ carati to become calm,quiescent J.IV,172.Cp.°cariyā &#38; °cārin.(Page 681),4,1
  11136. 385176,en,15,sama,samā,Samā,Samā,(f.) [Vedic samā] 1.a year Dh.106; Mhvs 7,78.‹-› 2.in agginisamā a pyre Sn.668,670.(Page 684),4,1
  11137. 385184,en,15,sama,sāma,Sāma,Sāma,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [perhaps=Vedic sāman] song,sacred song,devotion,worship,propitiation D.II,288.(Page 704),4,1
  11138. 385185,en,15,sama,sāma,Sāma,Sāma,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Vedic śyāma black &#38; śyāva brown; Av.syāva; Ags.h&amacremacr;ven blue (=E.heaven); Gr.skoiόs,skiά (shadow)=Sk.chāyā; Goth.skeinan=shine,etc.] 1.black,dark (something like deep brown) Vin.IV,120 (kāḷasāma dark blue [?]); D.I,193; M.I,246 (different from kāḷa); J.VI,187 (°aṁ mukhaṁ dark,i.e.on account of bad spirits); Vism.422 (opp.to <i>odāta</i> in colour of skin).-- 2.yellow,of a golden colour,beautiful J.II,44,45 (migī); V,215 (suvaṇṇa-sāmā),366 (suvaṇṇa-vaṇṇa).-- f.<i>sāmā</i>,q.v.-- See <i>sabala</i>.(Page 704),4,1
  11139. 385195,en,15,sama,sāmā,Sāmā,Sāmā,(f) [Sk.śyāmā Halāyudha 2,38; see sāma<sup>1</sup>,sāmalatā,and sāmāka] a medicinal plant J.IV,92 (bhisasāmā,C.bhisāni ca sāmākā ca); the Priyangu creeper J.I,500; V,405.(Page 704),4,1
  11140. 385204,en,15,samabbhahata,samabbhāhata,Samabbhāhata,Samabbhāhata,[saṁ+abbhāhata] struck,beaten (thoroughly) Vism.153; DA.I,140.(Page 683),12,1
  11141. 385213,en,15,samabhijanati,samabhijānāti,Samabhijānāti,Samabhijānāti,[saṁ+abhijānati] to recollect,to know J.VI,126.(Page 683),13,1
  11142. 385218,en,15,samabhisata,samabhisāta,Samabhisāta,Samabhisāta,joyful Th.2,461.(Page 683),11,1
  11143. 385220,en,15,samabhisincati,samabhisiñcati,Samabhisiñcati,Samabhisiñcati,[saṁ+abhisiñcati] to inaugurate as a king Mhvs 4,6; V,14.(Page 683),14,1
  11144. 385225,en,15,samacaga,samacāga,Samacāga,Samacāga,[sama<sup>3</sup>+cāga] equally liberal A.II,62.(Page 682),8,1
  11145. 385230,en,15,samacara,samācāra,Samācāra,Samācāra,[saṁ+ācāra] conduct,behaviour D.II,279; III,106,217; M.II,113; A.II,200,239; IV,82; Sn.279; Vin.II,248; III,184.(Page 684),8,1
  11146. 385246,en,15,samacarati,samācarati,Samācarati,Samācarati,[saṁ+ācarati] to behave,act,practise M.II,113.(Page 684),10,1
  11147. 385256,en,15,samacarin,samacārin,Samacārin,Samacārin,(śama-) living in peace M.I,289.(Page 682),9,1
  11148. 385265,en,15,samacariya,samacariyā,Samacariyā,Samacariyā,[sama<sup>1</sup>+cariyā] (f.) living in spiritual calm,quietism A.I,55; S.I,96,101 sq.; It.16,52; Dh.388; Miln.19; J.VI,128; DhA.IV,145.(Page 682),10,1
  11149. 385274,en,15,samacca,sāmacca,Sāmacca,Sāmacca,(adj.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+amacca] together with the ministers D.I,110.(Page 704),7,1
  11150. 385279,en,15,samacchati,samacchati,Samacchati,Samacchati,[saṁ+acchati] to sit down together J.II,67 (samacchare); IV,356; VI,104,127.(Page 682),10,1
  11151. 385284,en,15,samacchidagatta,samacchidagatta,Samacchidagatta,Samacchidagatta,(adj.) [sam+ā+chida+gatta] with mangled limbs Sn.673.(Page 682),15,1
  11152. 385300,en,15,samacitta,samacitta,Samacitta,Samacitta,possessed of equanimity A.I,65; IV,215; SnA 174 (°paṭipadā-sutta).(Page 682),9,1
  11153. 385317,en,15,samadahati,samādahati,Samādahati,Samādahati,[saṁ+ādahati<sup>1</sup>] to put together S.I,169.jotiṁ s.to kindle a fire Vin.IV,115; cittaṁ s.to compose the mind,concentrate M.I,116; pres.samādheti Th.2,50; pr.part.<i>samādahaṁ</i> S.V,312; ppr.med.samādahāna S.I,169; aor 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.samādahaṁsu D.II,254.Pass.<i>samādhiyati</i> to be stayed,composed D.I,73; M.I,37; Miln.289; Caus.II.<i>samādahāpeti</i> Vin.IV,115.-- pp.<i>samāhita</i>.(Page 684),10,1
  11154. 385331,en,15,samadana,samādāna,Samādāna,Samādāna,1.taking,bringing; asamādānacāra (m.) going for alms without taking with one (the usual set of three robes) Vin.I,254.-- 2.taking upon oneself,undertaking,acquiring M.I,305 sq.; A.I,229 sq.; II,52; J.I,157,219; Vin.IV,319; KhA 16,142.<i>kammasamādāna</i> acquiring for oneself of Karma D.I,82; A.III,417; V,33; S.V,266,304; It.58 sq.,99 sq.; VbhA.443 sq.-- 3.resolution,vow Vin.II,268; J.I,233; Miln.352.(Page 684),8,1
  11155. 385342,en,15,samadapaka,samādapaka,Samādapaka,Samādapaka,[fr.samādapeti; cp.BSk.samādāpaka Divy 142] instructing,arousing M.I,145; A.II,97; IV,296,328; V,155; S.V,162; Miln.373; It.107; DhA.II,129.(Page 684),10,1
  11156. 385349,en,15,samadapana,samādapana,Samādapana,Samādapana,(nt.) instructing,instigating M.III,132.(Page 684),10,1
  11157. 385356,en,15,samadapetar,samādapetar,Samādapetar,Samādapetar,adviser,instigator M.I,16.(Page 684),11,1
  11158. 385360,en,15,samadapeti,samādapeti,Samādapeti,Samādapeti,[saṁ+ādapeti,cp.BSk.samādāpayati Divy 51] to cause to take,to incite,rouse Pug.39,55; Vin.I,250; III,73; DA.I,293,300; aor.°dapesi D.II,42,95,206; Miln.195; Sn.695; ger.°dapetvā D.I,126; Vin.I,18; ger.samādetvā (sic) Mhvs 37,201; ppr.pass.<i>°dapiyamāna</i> D.II,42.(Page 684),10,1
  11159. 385393,en,15,samadhana,samādhāna,Samādhāna,Samādhāna,(nt.) [saṁ+ā+<em>dhā</em>] putting together,fixing; concentration Vism.84 (=sammā ādhānaṁ ṭhapanaṁ) in def<sup>n</sup> of <i>samādhi</i> as “samādhān’aṭṭhena.” (Page 685),9,1
  11160. 385409,en,15,samadhi,samādhi,Samādhi,Samādhi,[fr.saṁ+ā+<em>dhā</em>] 1.concentration; a concentrated,self-collected,intent state of mind and meditation,which,concomitant with right living,is a necessary condition to the attainment of higher wisdom and emancipation.In the Subha-suttanta of the Dīgha (D.I,209 sq.) samādhi-khandha (“section on concentration”) is the title otherwise given to the <i>cittasampadā</i>,which,in the ascending order of merit accruing from the life of a samaṇa (see Sāmaññaphala-suttanta,and cp.Dial.I.57 sq.) stands between the <i>sīla-sampadā</i> and the <i>paññā-sampadā</i>.In the Ambaṭṭha-sutta the corresponding terms are sīla,<i>caraṇa</i>,vijjā (D.I.100).Thus <i>samādhi</i> would comprise (a) the guarding of the senses (indriyesu gutta-dvāratā),(b) self-possession (sati-sampajañña),(c) contentment (santuṭṭhi),(d) emancipation from the 5 hindrances (nīvaraṇāni),(e) the 4 jhānas.In the same way we find <i>samādhi</i> grouped as one of the <i>sampadās</i> at A.III,12 (sīla°,samādhi°,paññā°,vimutti°),and as <i>samādhi-khandha</i> (with sīla° &#38; paññā°) at D.III,229 (+vimutti°); A.I,125; II,20; III,15; V,326; Nd<sup>1</sup> 21; Nd<sup>2</sup> p.277 (s.v.sīla).It is defined as <i>cittassa ekaggatā</i> M.I,301; Dhs.15; DhsA.118; cp.Cpd.89 n.4; identified with <i>avikkhepa</i> Dhs.57,and with <i>samatha</i> Dhs.54.-- <i>sammā°</i> is one the constituents of the eightfold ariya-magga,e.g.D.III,277; VbhA.120 sq.-- See further D.II,123 (ariya); Vin.I,97,104; S.I,28; Nd<sup>1</sup> 365; Miln.337; Vism.84 sq.(with definition),289 (+vipassanā),380 (°vipphārā iddhi); VbhA.91; DhA.I,427; and on term in general Heiler,Buddhistische Versenkung 104 sq.-- 2.Description &#38; characterization of <i>samādhi:</i> Its four <i>nimittas</i> or signs are the four <i>satipaṭṭhānas</i> M.I,301; six conditions and six hindrances A.III,427; other hindrances M.III,158.The second jhāna is born from samādhi D.II,186; it is a condition for attaining kusalā dhammā A.I,115; Miln.38; conducive to insight A.III,19,24 sq.,200; S.IV,80; to seeing heavenly sights etc.D.I,173; to removing mountains etc.A.III,311; removes the delusions of self A.I,132 sq.; leads to Arahantship A.II,45; the ānantarika s.Sn.226; cetosamādhi (rapture of mind) D.I,13; A.II,54; III,51; S.IV,297; <i>citta°</i> id.Nett 16.<i>dhammasamādhi</i> almost identical with samatha S.IV,350 sq.-- Two grades of samādhi distinguished,viz.<i>upacāra-</i>s.(preparatory concentration) and <i>appanā-</i>s.(attainment concentration) DA.I,217; Vism.126; Cpd.54,56 sq.; only the latter results in jhāna; to these a 3<sup>rd</sup> (preliminary) grade is added as <i>khaṇika°</i> (momentary) at Vism.144.-- Three kinds of s.are distinguished,<i>suññata</i> or empty,<i>appaṇihita</i> or aimless,and <i>animitta</i> or signless A.I,299; S.IV,360; cp.IV.296; Vin.III,93; Miln.337; cp.333 sq.; DhsA.179 sq.,222 sq.,290 sq.; see Yogāvacara’s Manual p.xxvii; samādhi (tayo samādhī) is savitakka savicāra,avitakka vicāramatta or avitakka avicāra D.III,219; Kvu 570; cp.413; Miln.337; DhsA.179 sq.; it is fourfold chanda-,viriya-,citta-,and vīmaṁsā-samādhi D.II,213; S.V,268.-- Another fourfold division is that into hāna-bhāgiya,ṭhiti°,visesa°,nibbedha° D.III,277 (as “dhammā duppaṭivijjhā”).<br><br> <i>--indriya</i> the faculty of concentration A.II,149; Dhs.15.<i>--khandha</i> the section on s.see above 1.<i>--ja</i> produced by concentration D.I,74; III,13; Vism.158.<i>--parikkhāra</i> requisite to the attainment of samādhi:either 4 (the sammappadhānas) M.I,301; or 7:D.II,216; III,252; A.IV,40.<i>--bala</i> the power of concentration A.I,94; II,252; D.III,213,253; Dhs.28.<i>--bhāvanā</i> cultivation,attainment of samādhi M.I,301; A.II,44 sq.(four different kinds mentioned); III,25 sq.; D.III,222; Vism.371.<i>--saṁvattanika</i> conducive to concentration A.II,57; S.IV,272 sq.; D.III,245; Dhs.1344.<i>--sambojjhaṅga</i> the s.constituent of enlightment D.III,106,226,252; Vism.134=VbhA.283 (with the eleven means of cultivating it).(Page 685),7,1
  11161. 385433,en,15,samadhigacchati,samadhigacchati,Samadhigacchati,Samadhigacchati,[saṁ+adhigacchati] to attain Th.1,4; aor.<i>samajjhagā</i> It.83; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>samajjhagaṁ</i> S.I,103.(Page 683),15,1
  11162. 385441,en,15,samadhiganhati,samadhigaṇhāti,Samadhigaṇhāti,Samadhigaṇhāti,[saṁ+adhigaṇhāti] 1.to reach,to get,obtain; ger.<i>samadhiggayha</i> M.I,506; II,25; S.I,86= It.16.-- 2.to exceed,surpass,to overcome,to master J.VI,261 (pañhaṁ samadhiggahetvā).Often confounded with <i>samatigaṇhāti</i>.(Page 683),14,1
  11163. 385456,en,15,samadhika,samādhika,Samādhika,Samādhika,(adj.) [sama+adhika] excessive,abundant D.II,151; J.II,383; IV,31.(Page 685),9,1
  11164. 385460,en,15,samadhika,sāmādhika,Sāmādhika,Sāmādhika,(adj.) [fr.samādhi] consisting in concentration S.I,120.(Page 704),9,1
  11165. 385498,en,15,samadhiyati,samādhiyati,Samādhiyati,Samādhiyati,is Passive of <i>samādahati</i>.(Page 685),11,1
  11166. 385509,en,15,samadhosi,samadhosi,Samadhosi,Samadhosi,variant reading S.III,120 sq.; IV,46; the form is aor.of saṁdhū.See <i>sañcopati</i>.(Page 683),9,1
  11167. 385515,en,15,samadinna,samādinna,Samādinna,Samādinna,[pp.of samādiyati] taken up,undertaken A.II,193.(Page 685),9,1
  11168. 385527,en,15,samadisati,samādisati,Samādisati,Samādisati,[saṁ+ādisati] to indicate,to command D.I,211; Mhvs 38,59.(Page 685),10,1
  11169. 385544,en,15,samadiyati,samādiyati,Samādiyati,Samādiyati,[saṁ+ādiyati<sup>1</sup>] to take with oneself,to take upon oneself,to undertake D.I,146; imper.<i>samādiya</i> Bu II.118=J.I,20; aor.samādiyi S.I,232; J.I,219; ger.<i>samādiyitvā</i> S.I,232; &#38; <i>samādāya</i> having taken up,i.e.with D.I,71; Pug.58; DA.I,207; Mhvs 1,47; having taken upon himself,conforming to D.I,163; II,74; Dh.266; Sn.792,898,962; samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu,he adopts and trains himself in the precepts D.I,63; S.V,187; It.118; Sn.962 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 478).-- pp.<i>samādinna</i>.(Page 685),10,1
  11170. 385559,en,15,samagacchati,samāgacchati,Samāgacchati,Samāgacchati,[saṁ+āgacchati] to meet together,to assemble Bu II.171; Sn.222; to associate with,to enter with,to meet,D.II,354; Sn.834; J.II,82; to go to see Vin.I,308; to arrive,come Sn.698; aor.1 sg.<i>°gañchiṁ</i> D.II,354; 3<sup>rd</sup> °gañchi Dh.210; J.II,62; aor.2 sg.<i>°gamā</i> Sn.834; ger.<i>°gamma</i> B II.171=J.I,26; ger.<i>°gantvā</i> Vin.I,308; pp.<i>samāgata</i>.(Page 684),12,1
  11171. 385571,en,15,samagama,samāgama,Samāgama,Samāgama,[saṁ+āgama] meeting,meeting with,intercourse A.II,51; III,31; Miln.204; cohabitation D.II,268; meeting,assembly J.II,107; Miln.349; DhA.III,443 (three:yamaka-pāṭihāriya°; dev’orohaṇa°; Gaṅgārohaṇa°).(Page 684),8,1
  11172. 385583,en,15,samagata,samāgata,Samāgata,Samāgata,[pp.of samāgacchati] met,assembled Dh.337; Sn.222.(Page 684),8,1
  11173. 385591,en,15,samagga,samagga,Samagga,Samagga,(adj.) [saṁ+agga] being in unity,harmonious M.II,239; D.III,172; A.II,240; V,74 sq.; plur.=all unitedly,in common Vin.I,105; J.VI,273<sup>1</sup>.A.I,70=243; Sn.281,283; Dh.194; Th.2,161; ThA.143; J.I,198,209; samaggakaraṇa making for peace D.I,4=A.II,209 =Pug.57; DA.I,74; samagganandin,samaggarata,and samaggārāma,rejoicing in peace,delighting in peace,impassioned for peace D.I,4=A.II,209=Pug.57; DA.I,74; samaggavāsa dwelling in concord J.I,362; II,27.-- samaggi-karoti to harmonize,to conciliate D.III,161.-- Cp.sāmaggī etc.(Page 681),7,1
  11174. 385616,en,15,samaggatta,samaggatta,Samaggatta,Samaggatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.samagga] agreement,consent Vin.I,316.(Page 681),10,1
  11175. 385626,en,15,samaggi,sāmaggī,Sāmaggī,Sāmaggī,(f.) [abstr.fr.samagga] completeness,a quorum Vin.I,105,106; meeting,communion Vin.I,132 sq.; II,243; unanimity,concord Vin.I,97,136,357; II,204; D.III,245 sq.; A.III,289; Nd<sup>1</sup> 131; J.I,328; It.12.(Page 704),7,1
  11176. 385636,en,15,samaggiya,sāmaggiya,Sāmaggiya,Sāmaggiya,(nt.) [fr.samagga] completeness,concord Sn.810; sāmaggiya-rasa J.III,21 (“the sweets of concord”); adj.asāmaggiya,unpleasant J.VI,517 (C.on asammodiya).(Page 704),9,1
  11177. 385655,en,15,samahata,samāhata,Samāhata,Samāhata,[saṁ+āhata] hit,struck Sn.153 (ayosaṅku°); Miln.181,254,304.Saṅkusamāhata name of a purgatory M.I,337.(Page 686),8,1
  11178. 385665,en,15,samahita,samāhita,Samāhita,Samāhita,[pp.of samādahati] 1.put down,fitted J.IV,337; -- 2.collected (of mind),settled,composed,firm,attentive D.I,13; S.I,169; A.II,6 (°indriya); III,312,343 sq.; V,3,93 sq.,329 sq.; Sn.212,225,972 etc.; Dh.362; It.119; Pug.35; Vin.III,4; Miln.300; Vism.410; Nd<sup>1</sup> 501.-- 3.having attained S.I,48 (cp.K.S.I.321 &#38; Miln.352).(Page 686),8,1
  11179. 385687,en,15,samajika,sāmājika,Sāmājika,Sāmājika,[fr.Sk.samāja:see samajja] a member of an assembly Dāvs III,27.(Page 704),8,1
  11180. 385700,en,15,samajja,samajja,Samajja,Samajja,(nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.samāja (fr.saṁ+<em>aj</em>) congregation,gathering,company] a festive gathering,fair; a show,theatrical display.Originally a mountain cult,as it was esp.held on the mountains near <i>Rājagaha</i>.‹-› J.II,13; III,541; VI,277,559; S.V,170; DA.I,84; DhA.IV,59; DhsA.255.-- On character and history of the festival see Hardy,Album Kern pp.61--66.-- <i>gir-aggasamajjaṁ</i> mountain fair Vin.II,107,150; IV,85,267,360; DhA.I,89,113.samajjaṁ karoti or kāreti to hold high revel J.VI,383.<br><br> <i>--âbhicaraṇa</i> visiting fairs D.III,183.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> the place of the festival,the arena,Vin.II,150; J.I,394; <i>--dāna</i> giving festivals Miln.278; <i>--majjhe</i> on the arena S.IV,306 sq.; J.III,541; <i>--maṇḍala</i> the circle of the assembly J.I,283 sq.(Page 682),7,1
  11181. 385717,en,15,samajjhagam,samajjhagaṁ,Samajjhagaṁ,Samajjhagaṁ,(B °-guṁ) aor.from sam-adhi-gā.(See <i>samadhigacchati</i>.) (Page 682),11,1
  11182. 385724,en,15,samaka,samaka,Samaka,Samaka,(adj.) [cp.BSk.samaka Divy 585] equal,like,same Miln.122,410; of the same height (of a seat) Vin.II,169.samakaṁ (adv.) equally Miln.82.(Page 681),6,1
  11183. 385728,en,15,samaka,sāmāka,Sāmāka,Sāmāka,[cp.Vedic śyāmāka] a kind of millet (Panicum frumentaceum) D.I,166; M.I,78,156,343; A.I,295; II,206; Sn.239; Pug.55; J.III,144,371; Nett 141; DhA.V,81.(Page 704),6,1
  11184. 385739,en,15,samakaddhati,samākaḍḍhati,Samākaḍḍhati,Samākaḍḍhati,[saṁ+ākaḍḍhati] to pull along; to entice; ger.°iya Mhvs 37,145.(Page 684),12,1
  11185. 385758,en,15,samakinna,samākiṇṇa,Samākiṇṇa,Samākiṇṇa,[saṁ+ākiṇṇa] covered,filled S.I,6; Miln.342.(Page 684),9,1
  11186. 385765,en,15,samakkhata,samakkhāta,Samakkhāta,Samakkhāta,[saṁ+akkhāta] counted,known Sdhp.70,458.(Page 681),10,1
  11187. 385774,en,15,samakula,samākula,Samākula,Samākula,(adj.) [saṁ+ākula] 1.filled,crowded B II.4= J.I,3; Miln.331,342.-- 2.crowded together Vin.II,117.-- 3.confused,jumbled together J.V,302.(Page 684),8,1
  11188. 385783,en,15,samala,samala,Samala,Samala,(adj.) [BSk.samala] impure,contaminated Vin.I,5; samalā (f.) dustbin S.II,270 (=gāmato gūthanikkhamana-magga,i.e sewer K.S.II.203); see sandhi°.(Page 684),6,1
  11189. 385797,en,15,samalankaroti,samalaṅkaroti,Samalaṅkaroti,Samalaṅkaroti,[saṁ+alaṅkaroti] to decorate,adorn Mhvs 7,56; °kata pp.Dāvs.V,36:°karitvā J.VI,577.(Page 684),13,1
  11190. 385808,en,15,samalapati,samālapati,Samālapati,Samālapati,[saṁ+ālapati] to speak to,address J.I,478.At J.I,51 it seems to mean “to recover the power of speech.” (Page 686),10,1
  11191. 385813,en,15,samalata,sāmalatā,Sāmalatā,Sāmalatā,(f.) [sāma<sup>1</sup>+latā; Sk.śyāmalatā] the creeper Ichnocarpus J.I,60.(Page 704),8,1
  11192. 385827,en,15,samam,sāmaṁ,Sāmaṁ,Sāmaṁ,[on etymology,see Andersen Pāli Gloss.,p.268 (contracted from sayamaṁ,Trenckner),cp.Michelson,Indog.Forsch.,vol.xxiii,p.235,n.3 (=avest.,hāmō; slav.,samz)] self,of oneself Vin.I,16,33,211 (s.pāka); IV,121; D.I,165; M.I,383; II,211; III,253 (sāmaṁ kantaṁ sāmaṁ vāyitaṁ dussayugaṁ); S.II,40; IV,230 sq.; V,390; Sn.270 (asāma-pāka not cooking for oneself),889; J.I,150; sāmaññeva,i.e.sāmaṁ yeva Sn.p.101.(Page 704),5,1
  11193. 385834,en,15,samamigi,sāmāmigī,Sāmāmigī,Sāmāmigī,(f.) a black hind J.II,44.(Page 704),8,1
  11194. 385846,en,15,samana,samaṇa,Samaṇa,Samaṇa,[BSk.śramaṇa,fr.<em>śram</em>,but mixed in meaning with <em>śam</em>] a wanderer,recluse,religieux A.I,67; D.III,16,95 sq.,130 sq.; S.I,45; Dh.184; of a non-Buddhist (tāpasa) J.III,390; an edifying etymology of the word DhA.III,84:“samita-pāpattā s.,” cp.Dh.265 “samitattā pāpānaṁ “samaṇo” ti pavuccati”; four grades mentioned D.II,151; M.I,63; compare Sn.84 sq.; the state of a Samaṇa is attended by eight sukhas J.I,7; the Buddha is often mentioned and addressed by nonBuddhists as Samaṇa:thus D.I,4,87; Sn.p.91,99; Vin.I,8 350; Samaṇas often opposed to <i>Brāhmaṇas:</i> thus,D.I,13; It.58,60; Sn,p.90; Vin.I,12; II,110; <i>samaṇabrāhmaṇā</i>,Samaṇas and Brāhmaṇas quite generally:“leaders in religious life” (cp.Dial.II.165) D.I,5; II,150; A.I,110,--173 sq.; It.64; Sn.189; Vin.II,295; samaṇadhammaṁ the duties of a samaṇa A.III,371; J.I,106,107,138; pure-samaṇa a junior who walks before a Bhikkhu Vin.II,32; pacchāsamaṇa one who walks behind Vin.I,186; II,32; A.III,137.-- <i>samaṇī</i> a female recluse S.I,133; ThA.18; J.V,424,427; Vin.IV,235.-- <i>assamaṇa</i> not a true samaṇa Vin.I,96.<br><br> <i>--uddesa</i> a novice,a sāmaṇera D.I,151; M.III,128; S.V,161; Vin.IV,139; A.II,78; III,343.Cp.BSk.śramaṇoddeśa Divy 160.<i>--kuttaka</i> (m.) who wears the dress of a Samaṇa Vin.III,68 sq.(=samaṇa-vesa-dhārako,Bdhgh ib.p.271).(Page 682),6,1
  11195. 385850,en,15,samana,samana,Samana,Samana,(nt.) [fr.<em>śam</em>] suppression Mhvs 4,35.(Page 683),6,1
  11196. 385859,en,15,samana,samāna,Samāna,Samāna,<sup>2</sup> [ppr.fr.<em>as</em> to be] 1.being,existing D.I,18,60; J.I,218; PvA.129 (=santo),167 (id.).-- 2.a kind of god D.II,260.<br><br> <i>--āsanika</i> entitled to a seat of the same height Vin.II,169.<i>--gatika</i> identical Tikp 35.<i>--bhāva</i> equanimity Sn.702.<i>--vassika</i> having spent the rainy season together Vin.I,168 sq.<i>--saṁvāsa</i> living together with equals Dh.302 (a°),cp.DhA.III,462.<i>--saṁvāsaka</i> belonging to the same communion Vin.I,321.<i>--sīmā</i> the same boundary,parish Vin.I,321; °ma belonging to the same parish Vin.II,300.(Page 685),6,1
  11197. 385860,en,15,samana,samāna,Samāna,Samāna,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Vedic samāna,fr.sama<sup>3</sup>] similar,equal,even,same Sn.18,309; J.II,108.Cp.<i>sāmañña<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 685),6,1
  11198. 385901,en,15,samanaka,samaṇaka,Samaṇaka,Samaṇaka,[samaṇa+ka] a contemptible (little) ascetic,“some sort of samaṇa” D.I,90; M.II,47,210; Sn.p.21; Miln.222; DA.I,254.At A.II,48 samaṇaka is a slip for sasanaka.Cp.muṇḍaka in form &#38; meaning.(Page 682),8,1
  11199. 385905,en,15,samanaka,samanaka,Samanaka,Samanaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+mana+ka] endowed with mind A.II,48 (text,samaṇaka); S.I,62.(Page 683),8,1
  11200. 385911,en,15,samanaka,sāmaṇaka,Sāmaṇaka,Sāmaṇaka,(adj.) [fr.samaṇa] worthy of or needful for a Samaṇa Mhvs 4,26; 30,37; assāmaṇaka unworthy of a Samaṇa Vin.I,45.(Page 704),8,1
  11201. 385944,en,15,samanantara,samanantara,Samanantara,Samanantara,(adj.) [saṁ+anantara] immediate; usually in Abl.(as adv.); <i>samanantarā</i> immediately,after,just after D.II,156; Vin.I,56; rattibhāga-samanantare at midnight J.I,101.<br><br> <i>--paccaya</i> the relation of immediate contiguity Tikp 3,61 sq.; Dukp 26; Vism.534.(Page 683),11,1
  11202. 386002,en,15,samanatta,samānatta,Samānatta,Samānatta,(adj.) [samāna+attan] equanimous,of even mind A.IV,364.(Page 685),9,1
  11203. 386009,en,15,samanattata,samānattatā,Samānattatā,Samānattatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.last] equanimity,impartiality A.II,32=248; IV,219,364; D.III,152,190 sq.,232.(Page 685),11,1
  11204. 386027,en,15,samancara,samañcara,Samañcara,Samañcara,[sama<sup>1</sup>+cara] pacified,calm S.I,236.(Page 682),9,1
  11205. 386030,en,15,samancati,samañcati,Samañcati,Samañcati,[sam+<em>añc</em>] to bend together Vin.IV,171,363.(Page 682),9,1
  11206. 386033,en,15,samancinteti,samañcinteti,Samañcinteti,Samañcinteti,to think S.I,124; see sañcinteti.(Page 682),12,1
  11207. 386038,en,15,samandalikata,samaṇḍalīkata,Samaṇḍalīkata,Samaṇḍalīkata,[sa+maṇḍala+kata] hemmed Vin.I,255 (kaṭhina).(Page 682),13,1
  11208. 386042,en,15,samandhakara,samandhakāra,Samandhakāra,Samandhakāra,[saṁ+andhakāra] the dark of night Vin.IV,54; DhA.II,94; S.III,60.(Page 683),12,1
  11209. 386053,en,15,samanera,sāmaṇera,Sāmaṇera,Sāmaṇera,[fr.samaṇa; cp.BSk.śrāmaṇeraka Divy 342] fem.°-rī a novice Vin.I,62 sq.; IV,121; S.II,261; Miln.2; VbhA.383; are not present at the recital of the Pātimokkha Vin.I,135; <i>°pabbajjā</i> ordination of a novice Vin.I,82.<i>°pēsaka</i> superintendent of Sāmaṇeras Vin.II,177; A.III,275.-- f.,also <i>--°ā</i> A.III,276; as <i>--°ī</i> at Vin.I,141.(Page 704),8,1
  11210. 386079,en,15,samaneti,samāneti,Samāneti,Samāneti,[saṁ+āneti] 1.to bring together J.I,68.-- 2.to bring,produce J.I,433.-- 3.to put together,cp.J.I,120,148.-- 4.to collect,enumerate J.I,429.-- 5.to calculate (the time) J.I,120,148; aor.<i>samānayi</i> DA.I,275 ‹-› pp.<i>samānīta</i>.(Page 685),8,1
  11211. 386099,en,15,samangin,samaṅgin,Samaṅgin,Samaṅgin,(adj.) [saṁ+aṅgin] endowed with,possessing Pug.13,14; J.I,303; Miln.342; VbhA.438.-- saman- <i>gibhūta</i>,possessed of,provided with D.I,36; A.II,125; Sn.321; Vin.I,15; DA.I,121; <i>samaṅgi-karoti</i> to provide with J.VI,266,289,290 (cp.VI,323:akarī samaṅgiṁ).(Page 681),8,1
  11212. 386105,en,15,samangita,samaṅgitā,Samaṅgitā,Samaṅgitā,(f.) [abstr.fr.foll.] the fact of being endowed or connected with (--°) J.III,95 (paraloka°); VbhA.438 (fivefold:āyūhana° etc.).(Page 681),9,1
  11213. 386119,en,15,samanita,samānīta,Samānīta,Samānīta,[pp.of samāneti] brought home,settled Miln.349.(Page 685),8,1
  11214. 386125,en,15,samaniya,samāniyā,Samāniyā,Samāniyā,[Instr.fem.of samāna,used adverbially,Vedic samānyā] (all) equally,in common Sn.24.(Page 685),8,1
  11215. 386132,en,15,samanna,samaññā,Samaññā,Samaññā,(f.) [saṁ+aññā] designation,name D.I,202; II,20; M.III,68; S.II,191; Sn.611,648; J.II,65; Dhs.§ 1306; loka° a common appellation,a popular expression D.I,202.(Page 682),7,1
  11216. 386140,en,15,samanna,sāmañña,Sāmañña,Sāmañña,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [abstr.fr.samaṇa] Samaṇaship D.I,51 sq.; III,72,245; M.I,281 sq.; S.V,25; A.II,27=It.103; Dh.19 sq.,311; DA.I,158; Vism.132; adj.,in accordance with true Samaṇaship,striving to be a samaṇa Miln.18; Samaṇaship A.I,142 sq.; Pv.II,7<sup>18</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> at PvA.104 as “honouring the samaṇas”).<br><br> <i>--attha</i> the aim of Samaṇaship D.I,230; A.IV,366; M.I,271; S.II,15; III,93; J.I,482; <i>--phala</i> advantage resulting from Samaṇaship,fruit of the life of the recluse D.I,51 sq.; Vism.215,512; VvA.71; VbhA.317; more especially the fruition of the four stages of the Path,sotāpatti-,sakadāgāmi-,anāgāmi-,and arahattaphala S.V,25; D.III,227,277; Dhs.1016; DhsA.423; Miln.344,358; DA.I,158; three samaññaphalas Kvu 112.(Page 704),7,1
  11217. 386141,en,15,samanna,sāmañña,Sāmañña,Sāmañña,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [abstr.fr.samāna] generality; equality,conformity; unity,company Miln.163; SnA 449 (jāti° identity of descent),449 (generality,contrasted to <i>visesa</i> detail),548 (id.); VvA.233 (diṭṭhi°,sīla°,equality).°-gata united D.II,80; °-nāma a name given by general assent DhsA.390.(Page 704),7,1
  11218. 386155,en,15,samannagata,samannāgata,Samannāgata,Samannāgata,(adj.) [saṁ+anvāgata] followed by,possessed of,endowed with (Instr.) D.I,50; 88 Vin.I,54; Sn.p.78,102,104.SnA 177 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of ending “--in”),216 (of “--mant”); PvA.46,73.-- nt.abstr.<i>°annāgatatta</i> PvA.49.(Page 683),11,1
  11219. 386164,en,15,samannahara,samannāhāra,Samannāhāra,Samannāhāra,[saṁ+anu+āhāra] concentration,bringing together M.I,190 sq.; DA.I,123; Miln.189.(Page 683),11,1
  11220. 386172,en,15,samannaharati,samannāharati,Samannāharati,Samannāharati,[saṁ+anu+āharati; cp.BSk.samanvāharati] 1.to concentrate the mind on,to consider,reflect D.II,204; M.I,445; A.III,162 sq.,402 sq.; S.I,114.-- 2.to pay respect to,to honour M.II,169; Vin.I,180.(Page 683),13,1
  11221. 386183,en,15,samannahata,samannāhata,Samannāhata,Samannāhata,[saṁ+anvāhata] struck (together),played upon D.II,171.(Page 683),11,1
  11222. 386191,en,15,samannaneti,samannāneti,Samannāneti,Samannāneti,[samanvā+<em>nī</em>] to lead,conduct properly,control,pres.<i>sam-anv-āneti</i> M.III,188; ppr.<i>°annānayamāna</i> M.I,477.(Page 683),11,1
  11223. 386201,en,15,samannata,samaññāta,Samaññāta,Samaññāta,[saṁ+aññāta] designated,known,notorious S.I,65; Sn.118,820; Nd<sup>1</sup> 153; Vin.II,203.(Page 682),9,1
  11224. 386206,en,15,samannata,sāmaññatā,Sāmaññatā,Sāmaññatā,<sup>2</sup> =sāmañña<sup>2</sup> D.III,145,169; Dh.332; DhA.III,484; IV,33.(Page 704),9,1
  11225. 386207,en,15,samannata,sāmaññatā,Sāmaññatā,Sāmaññatā,<sup>1</sup> =sāmañña<sup>1</sup> (identity,congruity etc.) J.VI,371 (vaṇṇa°); Vism.234 (maraṇa°).(Page 704),9,1
  11226. 386219,en,15,samannesana,samannesanā,Samannesanā,Samannesanā,(f.) [fr.last] search,examination M.I,317.(Page 683),11,1
  11227. 386224,en,15,samannesati,samannesati,Samannesati,Samannesati,[saṁ+anvesati] to seek,to look for,to examine D.I,105; S.III,124; IV,197; Miln.37; DA.I,274.pres.also <i>samanvesati</i> S.I,122.(Page 683),11,1
  11228. 386239,en,15,samanta,samanta,Samanta,Samanta,(adj.) [saṁ+anta “of complete ends”] all,entire Sn.672; Miln.3.occurs usually in oblique cases,used adverbially,e.g.Acc.<i>samantaṁ</i> completely Sn.442; Abl.<i>samantā</i> (D.I,222; J.II,106; Vin.I,32) &#38; <i>samantato</i> (M.I,168=Vin.I,5; Mhvs 1,29; Vism.185; and in definitions of prefix <i>pari°</i> DA.I,217; VvA.236; PvA.32); Instr.<i>samantena</i> (Th.2,487) on all sides,everywhere,anywhere; also used as prepositions; thus,samantā Vesāliṁ,everywhere in Vesāli D.II,98; samantato nagarassa all round the city Mhvs 34,39; samāsamantato everywhere DA.I,61.<br><br> <i>--cakkhu</i> all-seeing,an epithet of the Buddha M.I,168= Vin.I,5; Sn.345,etc.; Miln.111; Nd<sup>1</sup> 360.<i>--pāsādika</i> all-pleasing,quite serene A.I,24; °kā Buddhaghosa’s commentary on the Vinaya Piṭaka DA.I,84; <i>--bhaddakatta</i> complete auspiciousness,perfect loveliness SnA 444; VbhA.132.<i>--rahita</i> entirely gone J.I,29.<i>--veda</i> one whose knowledge (of the Veda) is complete J.VI,213.(Page 683),7,1
  11229. 386251,en,15,samanta,sāmanta,Sāmanta,Sāmanta,(adj.) [fr.samanta] neighbouring,bordering D.I,101; Vin.I,46 (āpatti° bordering on a transgression); J.II,21; IV,124; connected with M.I,95; <i>°jappā</i> (or <i>°jappana</i>) roundabout talk Vbh.353; Vism.28; Nd<sup>1</sup> 226; VbhA.484.Abl.<i>sāmantā</i> in the neighbourhood of Vin.III,36; D.II,339; Loc.<i>sāmante</i> the same J.IV,152 (Kapila-vatthu-°).(Page 704),7,1
  11230. 386306,en,15,samanubandhati,samanubandhati,Samanubandhati,Samanubandhati,[saṁ+anubandhati] to pursue Mhvs 10,5.(Page 683),14,1
  11231. 386314,en,15,samanubhasana,samanubhāsanā,Samanubhāsanā,Samanubhāsanā,(f.) [fr.last] conversation,repeating together Vin.III,174 sq.; IV,236 sq.(Page 683),13,1
  11232. 386323,en,15,samanubhasati,samanubhāsati,Samanubhāsati,Samanubhāsati,[saṁ+anubhāsati] to converse or study together D.I,26,163; M.I,130; A.I,138; V,156 sq.; Vin.III,173 sq.; IV,236 sq.; DA.I,117.(Page 683),13,1
  11233. 386341,en,15,samanugahati,samanugāhati,Samanugāhati,Samanugāhati,[saṁ+anugāhati] to ask for reasons,to question closely D.I,26; M.I,130; A.V,156 sq.; ppr.med.samanuggāhiyamāna being pressed M.I,130; A.V,156; Vin.III,91.(Page 683),12,1
  11234. 386352,en,15,samanujanati,samanujānāti,Samanujānāti,Samanujānāti,[saṁ+anujānāti] to approve; samanujānissanti (fut.3 pl.) M.I,398; S.IV,225; pp.<i>samanuññāta</i> approved,allowed Mhvs 8,11; aor.1 sg.samanuññāsin J.IV,117 (=samanuñño āsiṁ Com.ib.117<sup>15</sup>).(Page 683),12,1
  11235. 386356,en,15,samanukkamati,samanukkamati,Samanukkamati,Samanukkamati,[saṁ+anukkamati] to walk along together J.III,373.(Page 683),13,1
  11236. 386360,en,15,samanumannati,samanumaññati,Samanumaññati,Samanumaññati,[saṁ+anumaññati] to approve; fut.3 pl.°maññissanti M.I,398; S.IV,225; aor.3 pl.°maññiṁsu J.IV,134.(Page 683),13,1
  11237. 386364,en,15,samanumodati,samanumodati,Samanumodati,Samanumodati,[saṁ+anumodati] to rejoice at,to approve M.I,398; S.IV,225; Miln.89.(Page 683),12,1
  11238. 386371,en,15,samanunna,samanuñña,Samanuñña,Samanuñña,(adj.) [=next] approving D.III,271; A.II,253; III,359; V,305; S.I,1,153; IV,187; J.IV,117.(Page 683),9,1
  11239. 386377,en,15,samanunna,samanuññā,Samanuññā,Samanuññā,(f.) [fr.samanujānāti] approval S.I,1; M.I,359.(Page 683),9,1
  11240. 386387,en,15,samanupassana,samanupassanā,Samanupassanā,Samanupassanā,(f.) [fr.last] considering S.III,44; Nett 27.(Page 683),13,1
  11241. 386395,en,15,samanupassati,samanupassati,Samanupassati,Samanupassati,[saṁ+anupassati] to see,perceive,regard D.I,69,73; II,198; M.I,435 sq.; II,205; Pot.Vin.II,89; ppr.<i>°passanto</i> J.I,140; ppr.med.<i>°passamāno</i> D.II,66; inf.<i>°passituṁ</i> Vin.I,14; rūpaṁ attato samanupassati to regard form as self S.III,42.(Page 683),13,1
  11242. 386417,en,15,samanussarati,samanussarati,Samanussarati,Samanussarati,(saṁ+anussarati) to recollect,call to mind S.IV,196; Vin.II,183.(Page 683),13,1
  11243. 386431,en,15,samanuyunjati,samanuyuñjati,Samanuyuñjati,Samanuyuñjati,[saṁ+anuyuñjati] to cross-question D.I,26,163; M.I,130; A.I,138; V,156; DA.I,117.(Page 683),13,1
  11244. 386454,en,15,samapajjana,samāpajjana,Samāpajjana,Samāpajjana,(nt.) [fr.last] entering upon,passing through (?) Miln.176.(Page 685),11,1
  11245. 386465,en,15,samapajjati,samāpajjati,Samāpajjati,Samāpajjati,[saṁ+āpajjati] 1.to come into,enter upon,attain D.I,215 (samādhiṁ samāpajji); Vin.III,241 (Pot.°pajjeyya); <i>samāpattiṁ</i> J.I,77; <i>arahattamaggaṁ</i> A.II,42 sq.; Vin.I,32; saññāvedayitanirodhaṁ to attain the trance of cessation S.IV,293; kayavikkayaṁ to engage in buying and selling Vin.III,241; <i>sākacchaṁ</i> to engage in conversation D.II,109; tejodhātuṁ to convert one’s body into fire Vin.I,25; II,76.-- 2.to become S.III,86 (aor.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.samāpaduṁ).-- pp.<i>samāpajjita </i>&<i> samāpanna</i>.(Page 685),11,1
  11246. 386475,en,15,samapajjita,samāpajjita,Samāpajjita,Samāpajjita,[pp.of °āpajjati] attained,reached,got into D.II,109 (parisā °pubbā).(Page 685),11,1
  11247. 386490,en,15,samapanna,samāpanna,Samāpanna,Samāpanna,[pp.of samāpajjati] having attained,got to,entered,reached S.IV,293 (saññā-nirodhaṁ); A.II,42 (arahatta-maggaṁ entered the Path); Dh.264 (icchālobha° given to desire); Kvu 572 (in special sense= attaining the samāpattis).(Page 686),9,1
  11248. 386496,en,15,samapannaka,samāpannaka,Samāpannaka,Samāpannaka,(adj.) [last+ka] possessed of the <i>samāpattis</i> DA.I,119.(Page 686),11,1
  11249. 386498,en,15,samapatipatti,samāpaṭipatti,Samāpaṭipatti,Samāpaṭipatti,misprint for sammā° A.I,69.(Page 686),13,1
  11250. 386500,en,15,samapattesiya,samāpattesiya,Samāpattesiya,Samāpattesiya,(adj.) [samāpatti+esiya,adj.to esikā] longing for attainment Kvu 502 sq.(Page 686),13,1
  11251. 386507,en,15,samapatti,samāpatti,Samāpatti,Samāpatti,(f.) [fr.saṁ+ā+<em>pad</em>] attainment A.III,5; S.II,150 sq.; IV,293 (saññā-vedayita-nirodha°); Dhs.30= 101; a stage of meditation A.I,94; Dhs.1331; J.I,343,473; PvA.61 (mahā-karuṇā°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 100,106,139,143; the Buddha acquired anekakoṭisata-sahassā s.J.I,77.The eight attainments comprise the four Jhānas,the realm of the infinity of space,realm of the infinity of consciousness,realm of nothingness,realm of neither consciousness nor unconsciousness Ps.I,8,20 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 108,328; Bu 192=J.I,28,54; necessary for becoming a Buddha J.I,14; acquired by the Buddha J.I,66; the nine attainments,the preceding and the trance of cessation of perception and sensation S.II,216,222; described M.I,159 sq.etc.; otherwise called <i>anupubbavihārā</i> D.II,156; A.IV,410,448 &#38; passim [cp.Divy 95 etc.].-- In collocation with jhāna,vimokkha,and samādhi Vin.I,97; A.III,417 sq.; cp.Cpd.59,133 n.3.<i>--°bhāvanā</i> realizing the attainments J.I,67; <i>°kusalatā</i> success in attainment D.III,212; Dhs.1331 sq.(Page 686),9,1
  11252. 386516,en,15,samapattila,samāpattila,Samāpattila,Samāpattila,[fr.last] one who has acquired J.I,406.(Page 686),11,1
  11253. 386522,en,15,samapekkhana,samapekkhaṇa,Samapekkhaṇa,Samapekkhaṇa,(nt.) considering; a° S.III,261.(Page 683),12,1
  11254. 386528,en,15,samapekkhati,samapekkhati,Samapekkhati,Samapekkhati,[saṁ+apekkhati] to consider,ger.ekkhiya Sdhp.536; cp.samavekkh°.(Page 683),12,1
  11255. 386538,en,15,samapeti,samāpeti,Samāpeti,Samāpeti,[saṁ+āpeti] to complete,conclude Mhvs 5,280; 30,55; DA.I,307 (desanaṁ).-- pp.<i>samatta<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 686),8,1
  11256. 386561,en,15,samappeti,samappeti,Samappeti,Samappeti,[saṁ+appeti] to hand over,consign,commit,deposit,give Mhvs 7,72; 19,30; 21,21; 34,21; Dāvs II.64.-- pp.<i>samappita</i>.(Page 683),9,1
  11257. 386569,en,15,samappita,samappita,Samappita,Samappita,[pp.of samappeti] 1.made over,consigned Dh.315; Sn.333; Th.2,451.-- 2.endowed with (-°),affected with,possessed of J.V,102 (kaṇṭakena); Pv IV.1<sup>6</sup> (=allīna PvA.265); PvA.162 (soka-salla°-hadaya); Vism.303 (sallena).--<i>yasabhoga°</i> possessed of fame &#38; wealth Dh.303; <i>dukkhena</i> afflicted with pain Vv 52<sup>3</sup>; pañcehi kāmaguṇehi s.endowed with the 5 pleasures of the senses D.I,36,60; Vin.I,15; DA.I,121.(Page 683),9,1
  11258. 386578,en,15,samara,samara,Samara,Samara,[sa+mara] battle Dāvs.IV,1 (Page 684),6,1
  11259. 386586,en,15,samarabhati,samārabhati,Samārabhati,Samārabhati,[saṁ+ārabhati<sup>2</sup>] to begin,undertake M.I,227; Mhvs 5,79.-- pp.<i>samāraddha</i>.(Page 686),11,1
  11260. 386600,en,15,samaraddha,samāraddha,Samāraddha,Samāraddha,[pp.of samārabhati] undertaken S.IV,197; Dh.293; J.II,61.(Page 686),10,1
  11261. 386608,en,15,samaraka,samāraka,Samāraka,Samāraka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+māra+ka] including Māra Vin.I,11=S.V,423; D.I,250; III,76,135 &#38; passim.(Page 686),8,1
  11262. 386618,en,15,samarambha,samārambha,Samārambha,Samārambha,[saṁ+ārambha] 1.undertaking,effort,endeavour,activity A.II,197 sq.(kāya°,vacī°,mano°); Vin.IV,67.-- 2.injuring,killing,slaughter Sn.311; D.I,5; DA.I,77; A.II,197; S.V,470; Pug.58; DhsA.146.--<i>appasamārambha</i> (written °rabbha) connected with little (or no) injury (to life) D.I,143.Cp.ārabhati<sup>1</sup>.(Page 686),10,1
  11263. 386634,en,15,samaropana,samāropana,Samāropana,Samāropana,[fr.samāropeti] one of the Hāras Nett 1,2,4,108,205 sq.,256 sq.(Page 686),10,1
  11264. 386659,en,15,samaruhati,samāruhati,Samāruhati,Samāruhati,[saṁ+āruhati] to climb up,to ascend,enter; pres.<i>samārohati</i> J.VI,209 (cp.samorohatī p.206,read samārohatī); aor.<i>samārūhi</i> Mhvs 14,38.-- pp.<i>samārūḷha</i>.-- Caus.<i>samāropeti</i> to raise,cause to enter Miln.85; to put down,enter Nett 4,206.(Page 686),10,1
  11265. 386673,en,15,samarulha,samārūḷha,Samārūḷha,Samārūḷha,[pp.of samāruhati] ascended,entered M.I,74.(Page 686),9,1
  11266. 386683,en,15,samasa,samāsa,Samāsa,Samāsa,[fr.saṁ+<em>ās</em>] 1.compound,combination Vism.82; SnA 303; KhA 228.Cp.vyāsa.-- 2.an abridgment Mhvs 37,244.(Page 686),6,1
  11267. 386686,en,15,samasadeti,samāsādeti,Samāsādeti,Samāsādeti,[saṁ+āsādeti] to obtain,get; ger.<i>samāsajja</i> J.III,218.(Page 686),10,1
  11268. 386697,en,15,samasama,samāsama,Samāsama,Samāsama,“exactly the same” at Ud.85 (=D.II,135) read sama°.(Page 686),8,1
  11269. 386704,en,15,samasana,samāsana,Samāsana,Samāsana,(nt.) [saṁ+āsana] sitting together with,company Sn.977.(Page 686),8,1
  11270. 386714,en,15,samasati,samāsati,Samāsati,Samāsati,[saṁ+āsati] to sit together,associate; Pot.3 sg.<i>samāsetha</i> S.I,17,56 sq.; J.II,112; V,483,494; Th.1,4.(Page 686),8,1
  11271. 386723,en,15,samasayisun,samasāyisun,Samasāyisun,Samasāyisun,(aor.) J.III,201 (text,samāsāsisuṁ,cp.J.P.T.S.1885,60; read taṁ asāyisuṁ).(Page 684),11,1
  11272. 386753,en,15,samassasa,samassāsa,Samassāsa,Samassāsa,[saṁ+assāsa] refreshing,relief DhsA.150 (expl<sup>n</sup> of passaddhi).(Page 684),9,1
  11273. 386758,en,15,samassasati,samassasati,Samassasati,Samassasati,[saṁ+assasati] to be refreshed J.I,176; Caus.<i>samassāseti</i> to relieve,refresh J.I,175.(Page 684),11,1
  11274. 386772,en,15,samassattha,samassattha,Samassattha,Samassattha,[saṁ+assattha<sup>2</sup>] refreshed,relieved J.III,189.(Page 684),11,1
  11275. 386777,en,15,samassita,samassita,Samassita,Samassita,[saṁ+assita] leaning towards Th.1,525.(Page 684),9,1
  11276. 386787,en,15,samata,samatā,Samatā,Samatā,[fr.sama<sup>3</sup>] equality,evenness,normal state Vin.I,183; A.III,375 sq.; Miln.351.(Page 682),6,1
  11277. 386795,en,15,samatapa,samātapa,Samātapa,Samātapa,[saṁ+ātapa] ardour,zeal A.III,346.(Page 684),8,1
  11278. 386806,en,15,samatha,samatha,Samatha,Samatha,[fr.<i>śam</i>,cp.BSk.śamatha] 1.calm,quietude of heart M.I,33; A.I,61,95; II,140; III,86 sq.(ceto°),116 sq.,449; IV,360; V,99; D.III,54,213,273; DhA.II,177; S.IV,362; Dhs.11,15,54; cessation of the Saṅkhāras S.I,136; III,133; A.I,133; Sn.732; Vin.I,5.‹-› 2.settlement of legal questions (adhikaraṇa) Vin.II,93; IV,207; cp.DhsA.144; s.paṭivijjhati Pts.I,180.<br><br> <i>--yānika</i> who makes quietude his vehicle,devoted to quietude,a kind of Arahant; cp.Geiger,Saṁyutta trsl<sup>n</sup> II.172.<i>--vipassanā</i> introspection (“auto-hypnosis” Cpd.202) for promoting calm [cp.śamatha-vipaśyanā Divy 95] S.V,52; A.II,157; DhA.IV,140; also separately “calm &#38; intuition,” e.g.M.I,494.(Page 682),7,1
  11279. 386829,en,15,samatigganhati,samatiggaṇhāti,Samatiggaṇhāti,Samatiggaṇhāti,[saṁ+ati+<em>gṛh</em>] to stretch over,rise above,to reach beyond J.IV,411 (ger.samatiggayha).(Page 682),14,1
  11280. 386836,en,15,samatikkama,samatikkama,Samatikkama,Samatikkama,(adj.) [saṁ+atikamma] passing beyond,overcoming D.I,34; II,290; M.I,41,455; Vin.I,3; J.V,454; Vism.111.(Page 682),11,1
  11281. 386850,en,15,samatikkamati,samatikkamati,Samatikkamati,Samatikkamati,[saṁ+atikkamati] to cross over,to transcend D.I,35; to elapse Mhvs 13,5; ger.<i>samatikkamma</i> D.I,35; M 41; pp.<i>samatikkanta</i> crossed over,or escaped from S.III,80; Dh.195.(Page 682),13,1
  11282. 386872,en,15,samatimannti,samatimaññti,Samatimaññti,Samatimaññti,[saṁ+atimaññti] to despise (aor.) <i>samatimaññi</i> Th.2,72.(Page 682),12,1
  11283. 386877,en,15,samatittha,samatittha,Samatittha,Samatittha,(adj.) [sama<sup>3</sup>+tittha] with even banks (of a pond) J.V,407.(Page 682),10,1
  11284. 386883,en,15,samatitthika,samatitthika,Samatitthika,Samatitthika,(adj.) [sama<sup>3</sup>+tittha+ika] even or level with the border or bank,i.e.quite full,brimful D.I,244; II,89; M.I,435; II,7=Miln.213; S.II,134; V,170; J.I,400; J.I,235,393; Miln.121; Vism.170 (pattaṁ °tittikaṁ pūretvā; v.l.°titthikaṁ); A.III,403; Vin.I,230; IV,190; often written <i>°tittika</i> and <i>°tittiya</i>.[The form is probably connected with samaicchia-i.e.samaitthia (*samatisthita) in the Deśināmamālā VIII,20 (Konow).Compare,however,Rhys Davids’Buddhist Suttas,p.178<sup>1</sup>; °-aṁ buñjāmi Miln.213; “I eat (only just) to the full” (opp.to bhiyyo bhuñjāmi) suggests the etymology:sama-titti+ka.Kern,Toev.s.v.as above.] (Page 682),12,1
  11285. 386900,en,15,samativattati,samativattati,Samativattati,Samativattati,[saṁ+ativattati] to transcend,overcome Sn.768,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 10.(Page 682),13,1
  11286. 386910,en,15,samativijjhati,samativijjhati,Samativijjhati,Samativijjhati,[saṁ+ativijjhati] to penetrate Dh.13= Th.1,133.(Page 682),14,1
  11287. 386920,en,15,samatta,samatta,Samatta,Samatta,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.samāpta,pp.of saṁ+<em>āp</em>] 1.accomplished,brought to an end A.II,193; Sn.781=paripuṇṇa Nd<sup>1</sup> 65.-- 2.[cp.Sk.samasta,pp.of saṁ+<em>as</em> to throw,cp.BSk.samasta,e.g.Jtm XXXI.90] complete,entire,perfect Miln.349; Sn.881; 1000; Nd<sup>1</sup> 289,298.<i>samattaṁ</i> completely S.V,175; accomplished,full Sn.889.(Page 682),7,1
  11288. 386921,en,15,samatta,samatta,Samatta,Samatta,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [abstr.fr.sama<sup>3</sup>] equality A.III,359; Mhvs 3,7; equanimity,justice A.I,75.(Page 682),7,1
  11289. 386936,en,15,samattha,samattha,Samattha,Samattha,(adj.) [cp.Sk.samartha,saṁ+artha] able,strong J.I,179; 187; SnA 143.(Page 682),8,1
  11290. 386940,en,15,samattha,sāmattha,Sāmattha,Sāmattha,(adj.) [=samattha] able J.II,29.(Page 704),8,1
  11291. 386950,en,15,samatthita,samatthita,Samatthita,Samatthita,(adj.) [cp.Sk.samarthita,saṁ+pp.of arthayati] unravelling Miln.1.(Page 682),10,1
  11292. 386952,en,15,samatthiya,samatthiya,Samatthiya,Samatthiya,(adj.) [fr.samattha] able Sdhp.619.(Page 682),10,1
  11293. 386959,en,15,samatthiya,sāmatthiya,Sāmatthiya,Sāmatthiya,[abstr.fr.samattha] (nt.) ability Mhvs 37,243 (Page 704),10,1
  11294. 386968,en,15,samavadhana,samavadhāna,Samavadhāna,Samavadhāna,(nt.) concurrence,co-existence Nett 79.(Page 684),11,1
  11295. 386983,en,15,samavapaka,samavāpaka,Samavāpaka,Samavāpaka,(nt.) [sama+vāpaka,cp.vapati<sup>1</sup>] a storeroom M.I,451.(Page 684),10,1
  11296. 386986,en,15,samavasarati,samavasarati,Samavasarati,Samavasarati,of a goad or spur Th.2,210.See samosarati.(Page 684),12,1
  11297. 386997,en,15,samavattakkhandha,samavattakkhandha,Samavattakkhandha,Samavattakkhandha,(adj.) [sama+vatta+kh.,but BSk.sasaṁvṛtta°] having the shoulders round,one of the lakkhaṇas of a Buddha D.II,18; III,144,164; Dial.II.15:“his bust is equally rounded.” (Page 684),17,1
  11298. 386999,en,15,samavattasamvasa,samavattasaṁvāsa,Samavattasaṁvāsa,Samavattasaṁvāsa,[sama+vatta<sup>1</sup>+saṁvāsa] living together with the same duties,on terms of equality J.I,236.(Page 684),16,1
  11299. 387005,en,15,samavatthita,samavaṭṭhita,Samavaṭṭhita,Samavaṭṭhita,ready Sn.345 (°-ā savanāya sotā).(Page 684),12,1
  11300. 387009,en,15,samavaya,samavaya,Samavaya,Samavaya,annihilation,termination (?) see <i>samaya</i> (cpd.) &#38; <i>saṭha</i>.(Page 684),8,1
  11301. 387017,en,15,samavaya,samavāya,Samavāya,Samavāya,(m.) coming together,combination S.IV,68; Miln.376; DhsA.57,196; PvA.104; VvA.20,55.samavāyena in common VvA.336; khaṇa-s° a momentary meeting J.I,381.(Page 684),8,1
  11302. 387020,en,15,samavaya,samāvaya,Samāvaya,Samāvaya,<i>=samavāya</i>,closely united J.VI,475 (in verse).(Page 686),8,1
  11303. 387030,en,15,samavekkhati,samavekkhati,Samavekkhati,Samavekkhati,[saṁ+avekkhati] to consider,examine M.I,225; A.II,32; It.30.(Page 684),12,1
  11304. 387039,en,15,samavekkhitar,samavekkhitar,Samavekkhitar,Samavekkhitar,[fr.last] one who considers It.120.(Page 684),13,1
  11305. 387043,en,15,samavepakin,samavepākin,Samavepākin,Samavepākin,(adj.) [sama+vepākin,cp.vepakka] promoting a good digestion D.II,177; III,166; M.II,67; A.III,65 sq.,103,153; V,15.(Page 684),11,1
  11306. 387054,en,15,samavhaya,samavhaya,Samavhaya,Samavhaya,[saṁ+ahvaya] a name Dāvs.V,67.(Page 684),9,1
  11307. 387061,en,15,samavossajjati,samavossajjati,Samavossajjati,Samavossajjati,[read <i>saṁvossajjati</i>!] to transfer,entrust D.II,231.(Page 684),14,1
  11308. 387070,en,15,samaya,samaya,Samaya,Samaya,[cp.Sk.samaya,fr.saṁ+i.See also samiti] congregation; time,condition,etc.-- At DhsA.57 sq.we find a detailed expl<sup>n</sup> of the word <i>samaya</i> (s-sadda),with meanings given as follows:(1) <i>samavāya</i> (“harmony in antecedents” trsl<sup>n</sup>),(2) <i>khaṇa</i> (opportunity),(3) <i>kāla</i> (season),(4) <i>samūha</i> (crowd,assembly),(5) <i>hetu</i> (condition),(6) <i>diṭṭhi</i> (opinion).(7) <i>paṭilābha</i> (acquisition),(8) <i>pahāna</i> (elimination),(9) <i>paṭivedha</i> (penetra‹-› tion).Bdhgh illustrates each one with fitting examples; cp.DhsA.61.-- We may group as follows:1.coming together,gathering; a crowd,multitude D.I,178 (°pavādaka debating hall); II,254 sq.; Miln.257; J.I,373; PvA.86 (=samāgama).<i>samayā</i> in a crowd Pv III,3<sup>4</sup> (so read for samayyā; PvA.189 “saṅgamma”).‹-› 2.consorting with,intercourse Miln.163; DhA.I,90; <i>sabba°</i> consorting with everybody J.IV,317.-- 3.time,point of time,season D.I,1; Sn.291,1015; Vin.I,15; VbhA.157 (maraṇa°); Vism.473 (def.); -- samayā samayaṁ upādāya from time to time It.75.Cases adverbially:<i>ekaṁ samayaṁ</i> at one time D.I,47,87,111; <i>tena samayena</i> at that time D.I,179; DhA.I,90.<i>aparena</i> s.in course of time,later PvA.31,68; <i>yasmiṁ samaye</i> at which time D.I,199; DhsA.61.<i>ekasmiṁ samaye</i> some time,once J.I,306.<i>paccūsa°</i> at daybreak PvA.38; <i>aḍḍharatti°</i> at midnight PvA.155; cp.ratta°.-- 4.proper time,due season,opportunity,occasion Sn.388; Vin.IV,77; Bu II.181; Mhvs 22,59; VbhA.283 sq.; <i>aññatra samayā</i> except at due season Vin.III,212; IV,77; <i>samaye</i> at the right time J.I,27.-- <i>asamaya</i> inopportune,unseasonable D.III,263,287.-- 5.coincidence,circumstance M.I,438.<i>akkhara°</i> spelling DhA.I,181.-- 6.condition,state; extent,sphere (cp.def<sup>n</sup> of Bdhgh,above 9); taken dogmatically as “<i>diṭṭhi</i>,” doctrine,view (equal to above def<sup>n</sup> 6) It.14 (imamhi samaye); DhA.I,90 (jānana°); Dāvs VI,4 (°antara var.views).<i>bāhira°</i> state of an outsider,doctrine of outsiders,i.e.brahmanic DhA.III,392,cp.brāhmaṇānaṁ samaye DA.I,291; ariyānaṁ samaye Miln.229.-- 7.end,conclusion,annihilation Sn.876; <i>°vimutta</i> finally emancipated A.III,173; V,336 (a°); Pug.11; cp.DhsA.57.-- pp.<i>abhi°</i>.<br><br> <i>--vasaṭha</i> at A.II,41 is to be read as <i>samavasaṭṭha</i>,i.e.thoroughly given up.Thus Kern,Toev.The same passage occurs at D.III,269 as <i>samavaya-saṭhesana</i> (see under <i>saṭha</i>).(Page 683),6,1
  11309. 387088,en,15,samayati,samāyāti,Samāyāti,Samāyāti,[saṁ+āyāti] to come together,to be united J.III,38.(Page 686),8,1
  11310. 387099,en,15,samayika,sāmayika,Sāmayika,Sāmayika,(adj.) [fr.samaya] temporary Sn.54; Miln.302 (so read); see sāmāyika.(Page 704),8,1
  11311. 387103,en,15,samayika,sāmāyika,Sāmāyika,Sāmāyika,(adj.) [fr.samaya] 1.on a friendly footing,in agreement M.III,110; Miln.22.-- 2.occurring in due season,timely Miln.302 sq.,305.-- 3.temporary A.III,349 sq.; cp.sāmayika.(Page 704),8,1
  11312. 387111,en,15,samayoga,samāyoga,Samāyoga,Samāyoga,[saṁ+āyoga] combination,conjunction DA.I,95; Sdhp.45,469.(Page 686),8,1
  11313. 387121,en,15,samayuta,samāyuta,Samāyuta,Samāyuta,[saṁ+āyuta] combined,united Miln.274.(Page 686),8,1
  11314. 387131,en,15,sambaddha,sambaddha,Sambaddha,Sambaddha,[saṁ+baddha] bound together Sdhp.81.(Page 693),9,1
  11315. 387140,en,15,sambadha,sambādha,Sambādha,Sambādha,[cp.Sk.sambādha] 1.crowding,pressure,inconvenience from crowding,obstruction Vism.119.janasambādharahita free from crowding Miln.409; kiṭṭhasambādha crowding of corn,the time when the corn is growing thick M.I,115; J.I,143,388.-- yassa sambādho bhavissati he who finds it too crowded Vin.IV,43; asambādha unobstructed Sn.150; atisambādhatā (q.v.) the state of being too narrow J.I,7; puttadārasambādhasayana a bed encumbered with child and wife Miln.243; cp.S.I,78; (in fig.sense) difficulty,trouble S.I,7,48; J.IV,488; sambādhapaṭipanna of the eclipsed moon S.I,50.As adjective “crowded,dense” sambādho gharavāso life in the family is confined,i.e.a narrow life,full of hindrances D.I,63,250; S.II,219; V,350; DA.I,180; s.magga a crowded path J.I,104; nijana° vana Vism.342; s.vyūha S.V,369.-- <i>atisambādha</i> too confined DhA.I,310 (cakkavāḷa).-- compar.sambādhatara S.V,350; asambādhaṁ comfortably J.I,80.‹-› 2.pudendum masculinum Vin.I,216; II,134; pudendum muliebre Vin.IV,259; Sn.609; sambādhaṭṭhāna (nt.) pudendum muliebre J.I,61; IV,260.(Page 693),8,1
  11316. 387157,en,15,sambadheti,sambādheti,Sambādheti,Sambādheti,[saṁ+bādheti] to be crowded D.II,269 (read °bādhāyanti).(Page 693),10,1
  11317. 387168,en,15,sambahana,sambāhana,Sambāhana,Sambāhana,(nt.) [fr.last] rubbing,shampooing D.I,7 (as a kind of exercise for wrestlers DA.I,88); A.I,62; IV,54; Miln.241; J.I,286.(Page 693),9,1
  11318. 387177,en,15,sambahati,sambāhati,Sambāhati,Sambāhati,[saṁ+bāhati; Kern,Toev.s.v.disputes relation to <em>vah</em>,but connects it with <em>bāh</em> “press”] 1.to rub,shampoo J.I,293; II,16; IV,431; V,126; also sambāheti Miln.241; Caus.<i>sambāhāpeti</i> to cause to shampoo Vin.IV,342; ppr.<i>sambāhanta</i> J.VI,77; aor.<i>sambāhi</i> J.I,293 Cp.pari°.(Page 693),9,1
  11319. 387192,en,15,sambahula,sambahula,Sambahula,Sambahula,(adj.) [saṁ+bahula] many Vin.I,32; D.I,2; J.I,126,329; Sn.19; sambahulaṁ karoti to take a plurality vote J.II,45.(Page 693),9,1
  11320. 387197,en,15,sambahulata,sambahulatā,Sambahulatā,Sambahulatā,(f.) [fr.sambahula] a plurality vote J.II,45.(Page 693),11,1
  11321. 387200,en,15,sambahulika,sambahulika,Sambahulika,Sambahulika,(adj.) in <i>°ṁ karoti</i>=sambahulaṁ karoti J.II,197.(Page 693),11,1
  11322. 387210,en,15,sambala,sambala,Sambala,Sambala,(nt.) [cp.*Sk.śambala] provision S.II,98; J.V,71,240; VI,531.(Page 693),7,1
  11323. 387219,en,15,sambandha,sambandha,Sambandha,Sambandha,[saṁ+bandha] connection,tie D.II,296=M.I,58; SnA 108,166,249,273,343,516.°-kula related family J.III,362; a-sambandha (adj.) incompatible (C.on asaññuta J.III,266).(Page 693),9,1
  11324. 387227,en,15,sambandhana,sambandhana,Sambandhana,Sambandhana,(nt.) [saṁ+bandhana] binding together,connection J.I,328.(Page 693),11,1
  11325. 387235,en,15,sambandhati,sambandhati,Sambandhati,Sambandhati,[saṁ+bandhati] to bind together,to unite Vin.II,116; pass.<i>sambajjhati</i> is united,attached to J.III,7; ger.sambandhitvā Vin.I,274; II,116.-- pp.<i>sambaddha</i>.(Page 693),11,1
  11326. 387256,en,15,sambarimaya,sambarimāyā,Sambarimāyā,Sambarimāyā,(f.) [sambarī+māyā] the art of Sambari,jugglery S.I,239 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “Sambara’s magic art”).Sambara is a king of the Asuras.(Page 693),11,1
  11327. 387268,en,15,sambhagga,sambhagga,Sambhagga,Sambhagga,[saṁ+bhagga] broken S.I,123; M.I,237.Cp.<i>sampali°</i>.(Page 694),9,1
  11328. 387274,en,15,sambhajana,sambhajanā,Sambhajanā,Sambhajanā,(f.) [saṁ+bhajanā] consorting with Dhs.1326; Pug.20.(Page 694),10,1
  11329. 387278,en,15,sambhajati,sambhajati,Sambhajati,Sambhajati,[saṁ+bhajati] to consort with,love,to be attached,devoted J.III,495; ppr.sambhajanto J.III,108; Pot.sambhajeyya ibid.(C.samāgaccheyya).-- pp.<i>sambhatta</i>.(Page 694),10,1
  11330. 387290,en,15,sambhama,sambhama,Sambhama,Sambhama,[saṁ+bhama,fr.<em>bhram</em>] confusion,excitement; °-patta overwhelmed with excitement J.IV,433.(Page 694),8,1
  11331. 387296,en,15,sambhamati,sambhamati,Sambhamati,Sambhamati,[saṁ+bhamati] to revolve DhsA.307.(Page 694),10,1
  11332. 387310,en,15,sambhanjati,sambhañjati,Sambhañjati,Sambhañjati,[saṁ+bhañjati] to split,break J.V,32; Caus.sambhañjeti to break M.I,237; S.I,123; pass.aor.samabhajjisaṁ J.V,70.-- pp.<i>sambhagga</i>.-- Cp.<i>sampali°</i>.(Page 694),11,1
  11333. 387322,en,15,sambhara,sambhāra,Sambhāra,Sambhāra,[fr.saṁ+<em>bhṛ</em>] “what is carried together,” viz.1.accumulation,product,preparation; sambhāraseda bringing on sweating by artificial means Vin.I,205.-- 2.materials,requisite ingredients (of food) Miln.258; J.I,481; V,13,506; J.I,9; II,18; IV,492; dabba° an effective requisite DhA.I,321; II,114; bodhis° the necessary conditions for obtaining enlightening J.I,1; vimokkhas° ThA.214.-- 3.constituent part,element S.IV,197; DhsA.306.-4.bringing together,collocation S.I,135; Miln.28.(Page 694),8,1
  11334. 387334,en,15,sambhasa,sambhāsā,Sambhāsā,Sambhāsā,(f.) [saṁ+bhāsā] conversation,talk; <i>sukha-°</i> J.VI,296 (v.l.); <i>mudu-°</i> J.II,326=IV.471=V.451.(Page 694),8,1
  11335. 387342,en,15,sambhata,sambhata,Sambhata,Sambhata,[saṁ+bhata] brought together,stored up; (nt.) store,provisions M.I,116; D.III,190; A.III,38=IV.266; S.I,35; II,185=It.17; J.I,338; ThA.11.(Page 694),8,1
  11336. 387347,en,15,sambhati,sambhati,Sambhati,Sambhati,<i> </i>[<em>śrambh</em>,given as<i> sambh</i> at Dhtp 214 in meaning “vissāsa”] to subside,to be calmed; only in prep.comb<sup>n</sup> paṭippassambhati (q.v.).(Page 694),8,1
  11337. 387353,en,15,sambhatta,sambhatta,Sambhatta,Sambhatta,[pp.of sambhajati] devoted,a friend J.I,106,221; Nd<sup>1</sup> 226=Vism.25.-- yathāsambhattaṁ according to where each one’s companions live D.II,98; S.V,152.(Page 694),9,1
  11338. 387358,en,15,sambhatti,sambhatti,Sambhatti,Sambhatti,(f.) [saṁ+bhatti] joining,consorting with Dhs.1326; Pug.20.(Page 694),9,1
  11339. 387367,en,15,sambhava,sambhava,Sambhava,Sambhava,[saṁ+bhava] 1.origin,birth,production D.II,107; S.III,86; A.II,10,18; Sn.724,741 etc.; Dh.161; J.I,168; mātāpettikas° born from father and mother D.I,34; DhsA.306; natthi sambhavaṁ has not arisen Sn.235.-- 2.semen virile J.V,152; VI,160; Miln.124.<br><br> <i>--esin</i> seeking birth M.I,48; S.II,11; Sn.147.(Page 694),8,1
  11340. 387377,en,15,sambhavana,sambhavana,Sambhavana,Sambhavana,(nt.) [fr.sambhavati] coming into existence Nett 28.(Page 694),10,1
  11341. 387381,en,15,sambhavana,sambhāvana,Sambhāvana,Sambhāvana,(nt.) [fr.sambhāveti] supposition,assumption,the meaning of the particle <i>sace</i> Vin.I,372<sup>19</sup>; cp.J.II,29; DhA.II,77.(Page 694),10,1
  11342. 387385,en,15,sambhavana,sambhāvanā,Sambhāvanā,Sambhāvanā,(f.) [fr.sambhāveti] honour,reverence,intention,confidence Mhvs 29,55; DhsA.163 (=okappanā); Sdhp.224.(Page 694),10,1
  11343. 387401,en,15,sambhavati,sambhavati,Sambhavati,Sambhavati,sambhuṇāti &#38; sambhoti [saṁ+bhavati] 1.to be produced,to arise D.I,45,76; S.I,135; IV,67; Sn.734; Dāvs.V,6; Miln.210.-- 2.to be adequate,competent D.II,287; na s.is of no use or avail Miln.152.-- 3.to be present,to witness J.I,56.-- 4.to be together with J.II,205 (C.on sambhaj-°).-- Pres.<i>°-bhuṇati</i> or <i>°-bhuṇāti</i> (like abhi-sam-bhuṇāti) in the sense of “to reach” or “to be able to,” capable of Vin.I,256 (°-bhuṇāti); Sn.396 (part.a-sambhuṇanto=asakkonto,C.); also <i>sambhoti</i> Sn.734,D.II,287; fut.sambhossāma Mhvs 5,100.-- aor.sambhavi D.I,96; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.samabhavuṁ Dāvs.V,6; ger.sambhuyya having come together with VvA.232.-- pp.<i>sambhūta</i>.-- Caus.<i>sambhāveti</i> (q.v.).(Page 694),10,1
  11344. 387418,en,15,sambhaveti,sambhāveti,Sambhāveti,Sambhāveti,[Caus.of sambhavati.The Dhtp (512) gives a special root <i>sambhu</i> in meaning “pāpuṇana”] 1.to undertake,achieve,to be intent on (Acc.) Vin.I,253; DhsA.163.-- 2.to reach,catch up to (Acc.) Vin.I,277; II,300.-- 3.to produce,effect Miln.49.-- 4.to consider J.III,220.-- 5.to honour,esteem; grd.<i>°bhāvanīya</i> to be honoured or respected,honourable VvA.152; MA 156.-- pp.<i>sambhāvita</i>.(Page 694),10,1
  11345. 387427,en,15,sambhavita,sambhāvita,Sambhāvita,Sambhāvita,[pp.of sambhāveti] honoured,esteemed M.I,110,145; ThA.200; J.III,269 (=bhaddaka); VbhA.109.(Page 694),10,1
  11346. 387435,en,15,sambheda,sambheda,Sambheda,Sambheda,[saṁ+bheda] mixing up,confusion,contamination D.III,72; A.I,51=It.36; DA.I,260 (jāti° mixing of caste); Vism.123 (of colours).(Page 694),8,1
  11347. 387440,en,15,sambhejja,sambhejja,Sambhejja,Sambhejja,[grd.of sambhindati] belonging to the confluence of rivers (said of the water of the ocean),united S.II,135; V,461 (various reading sambhojja).(Page 694),9,1
  11348. 387447,en,15,sambhindati,sambhindati,Sambhindati,Sambhindati,[saṁ+bhindati] to mix Vin.I,111 (sīmāya sīmaṁ s.to mix a new boundary with an old one,i.e.to run on a boundary unduly); DA.I,134 (udakena).‹-› pp.<i>sambhinna</i>.-- Cp.<i>sambhejja</i>.(Page 694),11,1
  11349. 387451,en,15,sambhinna,sambhinna,Sambhinna,Sambhinna,[pp.of sambhindati] 1.mixed,mixed up Vin.I,210; II,67,68 (cp.Vin.Texts II.431); J.I,55; Sn.9,319 (°mariyāda-bhāva confusing the dividing lines,indistinctness),325 (id.).Said of a woman (i.e.of indistinct sexuality) Vin.II,271=III,129.-- 2.broken up (?),exhausted J.I,503 (°sarīra).-- <i>asambhinna</i>:1.unmixed,unadulterated Vism.41 (°khīra-pāyāsa); J.V,257 (°khattiyavaṁsa); DhA.II,85 (id.).-- 2.(of the voice) unmixed,i.e.distinct,clear Miln.360.-- 3.name of a kind of ointment Vin.IV,117.(Page 694),9,1
  11350. 387462,en,15,sambhita,sambhīta,Sambhīta,Sambhīta,(adj.) [saṁ+bhīta] terrified Miln.339; a-sambhīta,fearless Miln.105; J.IV,92; V,34; VI,302.(Page 694),8,1
  11351. 387473,en,15,sambhoga,sambhoga,Sambhoga,Sambhoga,[saṁ+bhoga] eating,living together with Vin.I,97; II,21; IV,137; A.I,92; SnA 71; J.IV,127; Sdhp.435.(Page 694),8,1
  11352. 387481,en,15,sambhoti,sambhoti,Sambhoti,Sambhoti,see <i>sambhavati</i>.(Page 695),8,1
  11353. 387492,en,15,sambhunati,sambhuṇāti,Sambhuṇāti,Sambhuṇāti,see <i>sambhavati</i>.(Page 694),10,1
  11354. 387497,en,15,sambhunjati,sambhuñjati,Sambhuñjati,Sambhuñjati,[saṁ+bhuñjati] 1.to eat together with Vin.IV,137.-- 2.to associate with S.I,162.(Page 694),11,1
  11355. 387510,en,15,sambhuta,sambhūta,Sambhūta,Sambhūta,[pp.of sambhavati] arisen from,produced Sn.272 (atta° self-; cp.SnA 304; attabhāva-pariyāye attani s.); S.I,134.(Page 694),8,1
  11356. 387520,en,15,sambodha,sambodha,Sambodha,Sambodha,[saṁ+bodha] enlightenment,highest wisdom,awakening; the insight belonging to the three higher stages of the Path,Vin.I,10; D.III,130 sq.,136 sq.; S.II,223; V,214; M.I,16,241; A.I,258; II,200,240 sq.,325 sq.; V,238 sq.; It.27; pubbe sambodhā,before attaining insight M.I,17,163; II,211; III,157; S.II,5,10; IV,6,8,97,233; V,281; A.I,258; III,82,240.abhabba sambodhāya,incapable of insight M.I,200,241=A II 200.(Cp.Dial.I.190--192.) <i>--gāmin</i> leading to enlightenment D.III,264; Sn.p.140.<i>--pakkhika</i> belonging to enlightenment A.IV,357.<i>--sukha</i> the bliss of enlightenment A.IV,341 sq.(Page 693),8,1
  11357. 387528,en,15,sambodhana,sambodhana,Sambodhana,Sambodhana,(nt.) [saṁ+bodhana] the vocative case VvA.12,18.(Page 694),10,1
  11358. 387538,en,15,sambodheti,sambodheti,Sambodheti,Sambodheti,see <i>sambujjhati</i>.(Page 694),10,1
  11359. 387546,en,15,sambodhi,sambodhi,Sambodhi,Sambodhi,(f.) [saṁ+bodhi<sup>1</sup>] the same as <i>sambodha</i>,the highest enlightenment D.I,156; II,155; Dh.89=S.V,29; Sn.478; S.I,68,181; A.II,14; It.28,42,117; SnA 73.See also <i>sammā°</i>.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> [°yagga] the summit of enlightenment Sn.693; <i>--gāmin</i> leading to enlightenment S.V,234; <i>--patta</i> having attained enlightenment,an Arahant Sn.503,696; <i>--parāyana</i> that which has enlightenment as its aim,proceeding towards enlightenment,frequently of the Sotāpanna D.I,156 (discussed in Dialogues I.190 sq.); III,131 sq.; A.I,232; II,80,238; III,211; IV,12,405; S.V,343,346; DA.I,313.<i>--sukha</i> the bliss of enlightenment Kvu 209.(Page 694),8,1
  11360. 387557,en,15,sambodhiyanga,sambodhiyaṅga,Sambodhiyaṅga,Sambodhiyaṅga,the same as sambojjhaṅga A.V,253 sq.; S.V,24; cp.spelling sambodhi-aṅga at Dh.89; DhA.II,162.(Page 694),13,1
  11361. 387566,en,15,sambojjhanga,sambojjhaṅga,Sambojjhaṅga,Sambojjhaṅga,[saṁ+bojjhaṅga] constituent of Sambodhi (enlightenment),of which there are seven:sati,selfpossession; dhammavicaya,investigation of doctrine; viriya,energy; pīti,joy; passaddhi,tranquillity; samādhi,concentration; upekhā,equanimity D.II,79,303 sq.; III,106,226; M.I,61 sq.; A.IV,23; S.V,110 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.Miln.340; VbhA.135,310.The characteristics of the several constitutents together with var.means of cultivation are given at Vism.132 sq.=VbhA.275 sq.(Page 693),12,1
  11362. 387577,en,15,sambuddha,sambuddha,Sambuddha,Sambuddha,[saṁ+buddha] 1.well understood Sn.765 (various reading,sambuddhuṁ=to know); J.V,77 (sam° &#38; a°,taken by C.as ppr.“jānanto” &#38; “ajānanto”); susambuddha easily understood Sn.764.-- 2.one who has thoroughly understood,being enlightened,a Buddha Sn.178 etc.,559; A.II,4; Dh.181; S.I,4; It.35 etc.(Page 693),9,1
  11363. 387583,en,15,sambuddhi,sambuddhi,Sambuddhi,Sambuddhi,(f.) [saṁ+buddhi] complete understanding; adj.<i>°vant</i> wise J.III,361 (=buddhisampanna).(Page 693),9,1
  11364. 387593,en,15,sambujjhati,sambujjhati,Sambujjhati,Sambujjhati,[saṁ+bujjhati] to understand,achieve,know DhsA.218; inf.<i>sambuddhuṁ</i> Sn.765 (v.l.sambuddhaṁ); Caus.<i>sambodheti</i> to teach,instruct J.I,142.Cp.<i>sammā°</i>.(Page 693),11,1
  11365. 387604,en,15,sambuka,sambuka,Sambuka,Sambuka,[cp.Sk.śambuka] a shell D.I,84=A.I,9; III,395 (sippi°); J.II,100.(Page 693),7,1
  11366. 387626,en,15,samekkhati,samekkhati,Samekkhati,Samekkhati,[saṁ+ikkhati] to consider,to seek,look for; Pot.<i>samekkhe</i> J.IV,5; ppr.<i>samekkhamāna</i> Th.1,547; &#38; <i>samekkhaṁ</i> J.II,65; ger.<i>samekkhiya</i> Mhvs 37,237.(Page 689),10,1
  11367. 387646,en,15,samerita,samerita,Samerita,Samerita,[saṁ+erita] moved,set in motion; filled with (-°),pervaded by Sn.937; Nd<sup>1</sup> 410; J.VI,529; Vism.172.(Page 689),8,1
  11368. 387658,en,15,sameta,sameta,Sameta,Sameta,[pp.of sameti] associating with Miln.396; connected with,provided with Mhvs 19,69; combined,constituted Sn.873,874.(Page 689),6,1
  11369. 387667,en,15,sameti,sameti,Sameti,Sameti,[saṁ+eti] 1.to come together,to meet,to assemble Bu II.199=J.I,29.-- 2.to associate with,to go to D.II,273; J.IV,93.-- 3.to correspond to,to agree D.I,162,247; J.I,358; III,278.-- 4.to know,consider S.I,186; Nd<sup>1</sup> 284.-- 5.to fit in J.VI,334.-- imper.<i>sametu</i> J.IV,93<sup>20</sup>; fut.<i>samessati</i> S.IV,379; It.70; aor.<i>samiṁsu</i> Bu II.199; S.II,158=It.70; &#38; <i>samesuṁ</i> J.II,30<sup>16</sup>; ger.<i>samecca</i> (1) (coming) together with D.II,273; J.VI,211,318.-- (2) having acquired or learnt,knowing S.I,186; Sn.361,793; A.II,6.-- pp.<i>samita </i>&<i> sameta</i> [=saṁ+ā+ita].(Page 689),6,1
  11370. 387675,en,15,sameti,sāmeti,Sāmeti,Sāmeti,see <i>sammati<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 705),6,1
  11371. 387677,en,15,sametika,sametikā,Sametikā,Sametikā,SII.285; read samāhitā.(Page 689),8,1
  11372. 387756,en,15,samhanana,saṁhanana,Saṁhanana,Saṁhanana,(nt.) [fr.saṁhanati] joining together,closing D.I,11; J.VI,65.(Page 659),9,1
  11373. 387761,en,15,samhanati,saṁhanati,Saṁhanati,Saṁhanati, &#38; saṁhanti [saṁ+<em>han</em>] 1.to join together,reach to J.V,372.-- 2.to suppress,allay,destroy A.IV,437 (kaṇḍuṁ).-- pp.<i>saṁhata</i>.(Page 659),9,1
  11374. 387765,en,15,samhani,saṁhāni,Saṁhāni,Saṁhāni,(f.) [saṁ+hāni] shrinking,decrease,dwindling away D.II,305=M.I,49=S.II,2=Dhs.644; DhsA.328.Cp.<i>parihāni</i>.(Page 659),7,1
  11375. 387771,en,15,samhara,saṁhara,Saṁhara,Saṁhara,[fr.saṁ+<em>hṛ</em>] collecting; <i>dus°</i> hard to collect Vin.III,148; J.IV,36 (here as dussaṅghara,on which see Kern,Toev.I.121).(Page 659),7,1
  11376. 387775,en,15,samhara,saṁhāra,Saṁhāra,Saṁhāra,[fr.saṁ+<em>hṛ</em>] abridgment,compilation PvA.114.Cp.upa°.(Page 659),7,1
  11377. 387780,en,15,samharaka,saṁhāraka,Saṁhāraka,Saṁhāraka,[saṁ+hāra+ka] drawing together,a collector S.II,185=It.17.<i>sabba°</i> a kind of mixed perfume J.VI,336.(Page 659),9,1
  11378. 387786,en,15,samharana,saṁharaṇa,Saṁharaṇa,Saṁharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.saṁharati] collecting,gathering Dāvs.V,33.Cp.<i>upa°</i> &#38; saṅgharaṇa.(Page 659),9,1
  11379. 387798,en,15,samharati,saṁharati,Saṁharati,Saṁharati,[saṁ+harati] 1.to collect,fold up Vin.I,46; II,117,150; M.III,169; J.I,66,422; Dāvs.IV,12; PvA.73.-- 2.to draw together Vin.II,217.-- 3.to gather up,take up SnA 369 (rūpaṁ).-- 4.to heap up Pv IV.14 (saṁharimha=sañcinimha PvA.279).--<i>asaṁhāriya</i> (grd.) which cannot be destroyed (see also <i>saṁhīra</i>) S.V,219.‹-› Caus.II.<i>°harāpeti</i> to cause to collect,to make gather or grow Vin.IV,259 (lomāni),260 (id.).-- Pass.<i>saṁhīrati</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>saṁhata</i>.Cp.<i>upa°</i>.(Page 659),9,1
  11380. 387808,en,15,samharima,saṁhārima,Saṁhārima,Saṁhārima,(adj.) [fr.saṁ+<em>hṛ</em>] movable Vism.124; Sn.28,321.<i>a°</i> Vin.IV,272.(Page 659),9,1
  11381. 387817,en,15,samhasati,saṁhasati,Saṁhasati,Saṁhasati,[san+hasati] to laugh with M.II,223.(Page 659),9,1
  11382. 387828,en,15,samhata,saṁhata,Saṁhata,Saṁhata,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of saṁ+<em>hṛ</em>] DA.I,280; see <i>vi°</i>.(Page 659),7,1
  11383. 387829,en,15,samhata,saṁhata,Saṁhata,Saṁhata,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of saṁ+<em>han</em>] firm,compact Miln.416; Sdhp.388.(Page 659),7,1
  11384. 387840,en,15,samhira,saṁhīra,Saṁhīra,Saṁhīra,( &#38; saṁhāriya) [grd.of saṁharati] that which can be restrained,conquerable Th.1,1248; J.V,81.<i>a°</i> immovable,unconquerable S.I,193; Vin.II,96; A.IV,141 sq.; Th.1,649; Sn.1149; J.IV,283.See also asaṁhāriya.(Page 659),7,1
  11385. 387843,en,15,samhirati,saṁhīrati,Saṁhīrati,Saṁhīrati,[Pass.of saṁharati] to be drawn away or caught in (Loc.) M.III,188 sq.(paccuppannesu dhammesu); DhsA.420 (id.); J.III,333.(Page 659),9,1
  11386. 387850,en,15,samhita,saṁhita,Saṁhita,Saṁhita,[pp.of sandahati] connected,equipped with,possessed of D.I,5; M.II,202; S.I,103; Dh.101 (gāthā anattha-pada°).Often as <i>attha°</i> endowed with profit,bringing advantage,profitable D.I,189; S.II,223; IV,330; V,417; A.III,196 sq.; V,81; Sn.722.Cp.<i>upa°</i>.(Page 659),7,1
  11387. 387857,en,15,samhiyati,saṁhīyati,Saṁhīyati,Saṁhīyati,see <i>sandhīyati</i>.(Page 659),9,1
  11388. 387860,en,15,sami,sāmi,Sāmi,Sāmi,J.V,489,read sāvi.(Page 704),4,1
  11389. 387874,en,15,samici,samīcī,Samīcī,Samīcī,D.II,94:see <i>sāmīcī</i>.(Page 687),6,1
  11390. 387881,en,15,samici,sāmīcī,Sāmīcī,Sāmīcī, &#38; sāmīci° (f.) [fr.sammā<sup>2</sup>=Vedic samyac,of which pl.Nom.f.samīcīḥ freq.in R.V,] right,proper course Vin.III,246; D.II,104; A.II,56,65; S.V,261,343; Miln.8; DhA.I,57.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> proper act,homage Vin.II,22,162,255; A.I,123; II,180; D.III,83; J.I,218,219; Miln.8.<i>--paṭipadā</i> right course of life M.I,281; A.II,65.<i>--paṭipanna</i> correct in life D.II,104; S.I,220; A.II,56; IV,310.(Page 705),6,1
  11391. 387897,en,15,samiddha,samiddha,Samiddha,Samiddha,[pp.of samijjhati] 1.succeeded,successful Vin.I,37; Bu II.4=J.I,3; Miln.331.-- 2.rich,magnificent J.VI,393; J.III,14; <i>samiddhena</i> (adv.) successfully J.VI,314.(Page 686),8,1
  11392. 387907,en,15,samiddhi,samiddhi,Samiddhi,Samiddhi,(f.) [fr.samijjhati] success,prosperity Dh.84; S.I,200.(Page 686),8,1
  11393. 387915,en,15,samiddhika,samiddhika,Samiddhika,Samiddhika,(adj.) [samiddhi+ka] rich in,abounding in Sdhp.421.(Page 686),10,1
  11394. 387920,en,15,samiddhin,samiddhin,Samiddhin,Samiddhin,(adj.) [fr.samiddhi] richly endowed with ThA.18 (Ap.V,23); fem.--inī J.V,90.(Page 686),9,1
  11395. 387924,en,15,samidha,samidhā,Samidhā,Samidhā,(f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>idh</em><i>;</i> see indhana] fuel,firewood SnA 174.(Page 687),7,1
  11396. 387929,en,15,samihati,samīhati,Samīhati,Samīhati,[saṁ+īhati] to move,stir; to be active; to long for,strive after Sn.1064 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 651); Vv 5<sup>1</sup>; VvA.35; J.V,388.-- pp.<i>samīhita</i>.(Page 687),8,1
  11397. 387933,en,15,samihita,samihita,Samihita,Samihita,[=saṁhita] collected,composed Vin.I,245= D.I,104=238; A.III,224=229=DA.I,273; D.I,241,272.(Page 687),8,1
  11398. 387935,en,15,samihita,samīhita,Samīhita,Samīhita,(nt.) [pp.of samīhati] endeavour,striving after,pursuit J.V,388.(Page 687),8,1
  11399. 387942,en,15,samijjhana,samijjhana,Samijjhana,Samijjhana,(nt.) [fr.samijjhati] fulfilment,success DhA.I,112.(Page 686),10,1
  11400. 387953,en,15,samijjhati,samijjhati,Samijjhati,Samijjhati,[saṁ+ijjhati] to succeed,prosper,take effect D.I,71; Sn.766 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 2=labhati etc.); Bu II.59= J.I,14,267; Pot.samijjheyyuṁ D.I,71; aor.<i>samijjhi</i> J.I,68; Fut.<i>samijjhissati</i> J.I,15.-- pp.<i>samiddha</i>.‹-› Caus.II.<i>°ijjhāpeti</i> to endow or invest with (Acc.) J.VI,484.(Page 686),10,1
  11401. 387961,en,15,samijjhittha,samijjhiṭṭha,Samijjhiṭṭha,Samijjhiṭṭha,[saṁ+ajjhiṭṭha] ordered,requested J.VI,12 (=āṇatta C.).(Page 686),12,1
  11402. 387968,en,15,samika,sāmika,Sāmika,Sāmika,[fr.sāmin] 1.owner M.I,27; J.I,194; Vism.63.‹-› 2.husband Vin.III,137; J.I,307; II,128; A.II,58 sq.; Pv.II,3<sup>7</sup>.(Page 705),6,1
  11403. 387984,en,15,samin,sāmin,Sāmin,Sāmin,[cp.Sk.svāmin,fr.sva=sa<sup>4</sup>] 1.owner,ruler,lord,master Vin.I,303,307; Sn.83; Mhvs 37,241; J.V,253 (°paribhoga,q.v.); Pv IV.6<sup>6</sup>; Vism.63; DA.I,261; PvA.43,65.Voc.<i>sāmi</i> “Sir” J.VI,300; DhA.I,20.f.<i>sāminī</i> J.V,297; VvA.225.See also <i>suvāmin</i>.<i> -- assāmin</i> not ruling Miln.253; Pv IV.6<sup>6</sup>.--2.husband PvA.31 (sāmi,Voc.=“my lord”),82.-- f.<i>sāminī</i> wife Mhvs 5,43; PvA.82,276.<br><br> <i>--vacana</i> (sāmi°) the genitive case J.I,185; III,98 (upayog’atthe); V,42 (karaṇ’atthe),444; VvA.304; SnA 210 (for upayoga),310 (id.).(Page 705),5,1
  11404. 387992,en,15,saminjana,samiñjana,Samiñjana,Samiñjana,(nt.) [fr.samiñjati] doubling up,bending back (orig.stretching!) Vism.500 (opp.pasāraṇa).See also <i>sammiñjana</i>.(Page 686),9,1
  11405. 387997,en,15,saminjati,samiñjati,Samiñjati,Samiñjati,[saṁ+iñjati of <em>ṛñj</em> or <em>ṛj</em> to stretch] 1.to double up M.I,326.-- 2.(intrs.) to be moved or shaken Dh.81 (=calati kampati DhA.II,149).See also <i>sammiñjati</i>.(Page 686),9,1
  11406. 388010,en,15,samipa,samīpa,Samīpa,Samīpa,(adj.) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.samīpa] near,close (to) SnA 43 (bhumma-vacana),174,437; KhA 111; PvA.47 (dvāra° magga) (nt.) proximity D.I,118.Cases adverbially:Acc.<i>°aṁ</i> near to PvA.107; Loc.<i>°-e</i> near (with Gen.) SnA 23,256; PvA.10,17,67,120.<br><br> <i>--ga</i> approaching Mhvs 4,27; 25,74.<i>--cara</i> being near DhsA.193.<i>--cārin</i> being near D.I,206; II,139.<i>--ṭṭha</i> standing near Mhvs 37,164.(Page 687),6,1
  11407. 388022,en,15,samipaka,samīpaka,Samīpaka,Samīpaka,(adj.) [samīpa+ka] being near Mhvs 33,52.(Page 687),8,1
  11408. 388036,en,15,samira,samīra,Samīra,Samīra,[fr.saṁ+<em>īr</em>] air,wind Dāvs.IV,40.(Page 687),6,1
  11409. 388050,en,15,samirati,samīrati,Samīrati,Samīrati,[saṁ+īrati] to be moved Vin.I,185; Dh.81; DhA.II,149.-- pp.<i>samīrita</i> J.I,393.(Page 687),8,1
  11410. 388064,en,15,samirita,samīrita,Samīrita,Samīrita,[saṁ+īrita] stirred,moved J.I,393.(Page 687),8,1
  11411. 388073,en,15,samisa,sāmisa,Sāmisa,Sāmisa,(adj.) [sa+āmisa] 1.holding food Vin.II,214= IV.198.-- 2.fleshly,carnal D.II,298=M.I,59; A.I,81; Ps.II,41.Opp.to nirāmisa spiritual (e.g.Ps.I,59).(Page 705),6,1
  11412. 388087,en,15,samita,samita,Samita,Samita,<sup>4</sup> [pp.of saṁ+<em>śam</em> to labour] arranged,put in order J.V,201 (=saṁvidahita C.).(Page 686),6,1
  11413. 388088,en,15,samita,samita,Samita,Samita,<sup>3</sup> [pp.of sammati<sup>1</sup>] quiet,appeased DhA.III,84.(Page 686),6,1
  11414. 388089,en,15,samita,samita,Samita,Samita,<sup>2</sup> [sa+mita,of <em>mā</em>] equal (in measure),like S.I,6.(Page 686),6,1
  11415. 388090,en,15,samita,samita,Samita,Samita,<sup>1</sup> [saṁ+ita,pp.of sameti] gathered,assembled Vv 64<sup>10</sup>; VvA.277.-- nt.as adv.<i>samitaṁ</i> continuously M.I,93; A.IV,13; It.116; Miln.70,116.(Page 686),6,1
  11416. 388109,en,15,samitar,samītar,Samītar,Samītar,[=sametar] one who meets,assembles; pl.samītāro J.V,324.(Page 687),7,1
  11417. 388115,en,15,samitatta,samitatta,Samitatta,Samitatta,(nt.) [fr.samita<sup>3</sup>] state of being quieted Dh.265.(Page 686),9,1
  11418. 388124,en,15,samitavin,samitāvin,Samitāvin,Samitāvin,[samita<sup>3</sup>+āvin,cp.vijitāvin] one who has quieted himself,calm,Sn.449,520; S.I,62,188; A.II,49,50.Cp.BSk.śamitāvin &#38; samitāvin.(Page 686),9,1
  11419. 388130,en,15,samiti,samiti,Samiti,Samiti,(f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>i</em>] assembly D.II,256; Dh.321; J.IV,351; Pv.II,3<sup>13</sup> (=sannipāta PvA.86); DhA.IV,13.(Page 686),6,1
  11420. 388146,en,15,samiya,sāmiya,Sāmiya,Sāmiya,husband J.I,352; see <i>sāmika</i>.(Page 705),6,1
  11421. 388183,en,15,samma,samma,Samma,Samma,<sup>3</sup> a cymbal Miln.60; Dhs.621; J.I,3; DhsA.319.‹-› Otherwise as <i>°tāḷa</i> a kind of cymbal Th.1,893,911; Vv 35<sup>3</sup>; VvA.161; J.VI,60; 277 (-l-).(Page 695),5,1
  11422. 388184,en,15,samma,samma,Samma,Samma,<sup>2</sup> [samyak] see sammā.(Page 695),5,1
  11423. 388185,en,15,samma,samma,Samma,Samma,<sup>1</sup> [as to etym.Andersen,P.Reader II.263 quite plausibly connects it with Vedic śam (indecl.) “hail,” which is often used in a vocative sense,esp.in comb<sup>n</sup> śam ca yos ca “hail &#38; blessing!”,but also suggests relation to <i>sammā</i>.Other suggestions see Andersen,s.v.] a term of familiar address D.I,49,225; DA.I,151; Vin.II,161; J.I,59; PvA.204; plur.sammā Vin.II,161.(Page 695),5,1
  11424. 388195,en,15,samma,sammā,Sammā,Sammā,<sup>2</sup> (indecl.) [Vedic samyac (=samyak) &#38; samīś “connected,in one”; see under saṁ°] thoroughly,properly,rightly; in the right way,as it ought to be,best,perfectly (opp.micchā) D.I,12; Vin.I,12; Sn.359; 947; Dh.89,373.Usually as °-,like sammā-dhārā even or proper showers (i.e.at the right time) Pv.II,9<sup>70</sup>; especially in connection with constituents of the eightfold Aryan Path,where it is contrasted with <i>micchā;</i> see <i>magga</i> 2 a.(e.g.VbhA.114 sq.,121,320 sq.).‹-› The form <i>sammā</i> is reduced to <i>samma°</i> before short vowels (with the insertion of a sandhi --d-,cp.puna-deva),like <i>samma-d-eva</i> properly,in harmony or completeness D.I,110; Vin.I,9:PvA.139,157; <i>samma-daññā </i>&<i> °akkhāta</i> (see below); and before double consonants arisen from assimilation,like <i>sammag-gata</i> (=samyak+gata).The cpds.we shall divide into two groups,viz.(A) cpds.with <i>samma°</i>,(B) with <i>sammā°</i>.<br><br> A.<i>--akkhāta</i> well preached Dh.86.<i>--aññā</i> perfect knowledge Vin.I,183; S.I,4; IV,128; Dh.57 (°vimutta,cp.DhA.I,434); It.38,79,93,95,108.<i>--attha</i> a proper or good thing or cause J.VI,16.<i>--ddasa</i> having right views A.II,18; S.IV,205,207; Sn.733; It.47,61,81; Kvu 339.<i>--ggata</i> [cp.BSk.samyaggata Divy 399] who has wandered rightly,perfect M.I,66; who has attained the highest point,an Arahant D.I,55; S.I,76; A.I,269; IV,226; V,265; J.III,305; It.87; Ap 218.Also sammāgata Vin.II,203<sup>17</sup>.<i>--ppajāna</i> having right knowledge Dh.20; It.115.<i>--ppaññā</i> right knowledge,true wisdom Vin.I,14; Dh.57,190; Sn.143; It.17; Miln.39.<i>--ppadhāna</i> [cp.BSk.samyakprahāna Divy 208] right exertion Vin.I,22; Dhs.358; Dpvs 18,5; they are four D.II,120; M.III,296; explained M.II,11 (anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya; uppannānaṁ pahānāya; anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya; uppannānaṁ ṭhitiyā).<br><br> B.<i>--ājīva</i> right living,right means of livelihood,right occupation Vin.I,10; S.V,421,etc.; formula D.II,312; (adj.) living in the right way M.I,42; A.II,89.<i>--kammanta</i> right conduct,right behaviour Vin.I,10; S.V,421 etc.; definition D.II,312; Dhs.300; adj.behaving in the right way M.I,42; A.II,89.<i>--ñāṇa</i> right knowledge,enlightenment,results from right concentration D.II,217; A.I,292; adj.M.I,42.<i>--ñāṇin</i> possessing the right insight A.II,89,222.<i>--dassana</i> right views Vism.605.<i>--diṭṭhi</i> right views,right belief,the first stage of the noble eightfold path,consists in the knowledge of the four truths D.II,311; its essence is knowledge Dhs.20,297,317; cp.Vism.509; comprises the knowledge of the absence of all permanent Being and the reality of universal conditioned Becoming S.II,17; III,135; and of the impermanence of the 5 Khandhas S.III,51=IV.142; and of Sīla,of causation and of the destruction of the Āsavas M.I,46--55; how obtained M.I,294; two degrees of M.III,72; supremely important A.I,30--2 292 sq.; (adj.) Miln.I,47.<i>--diṭṭhika</i> having the right belief D.I,139; A.II,89; 220 sq.; III,115,138; IV,290; V,124 sq.; S.IV,322.<i>--dvayatānupassin</i> duly considering both-i.e.misery with its origin,the destruction of misery with the path,respectively Sn.p.140.<i>--dhārā</i> a heavy shower S.V,379.<i>--paṭipatti</i> right mental disposition A.I,69; Nett 27; Miln.97; <i>sammāpaṭipadā</i> Pug.49 sq.; DhA.IV,127; <i>sammāpaṭipanna</i> rightly disposed,having the right view D.I,8,55; Pug.49 sq.<i>--passaṁ</i> viewing the matter in the right way S.III,51; IV,142.<i>--pāsa</i> [Sk.śamyāprāsa,but BSk.śamyaprāśa Divy 634] a kind of sacrifice Sn.303; A.II,42; IV,151; S.I,76; It.21; J.IV,302; SnA 321.Cp.sammā<sup>1</sup>.<i>--manasikāra</i> right,careful,thought D.I,13; DA.I,104.<i>--vattanā</i> strict,proper,conduct Vin.I,46,50; II,5.<i>--vācā</i> right speech Vin.I,10; DA.I,314; definition D.II,312; Dhs.299; (adj.) speaking properly M.I,42; A.II,89.<i>--vāyāma</i> right effort Vin.I,10; Dhs.13,22,302; definition D.II,312; adj.M.I,42; A.II,89.<i>--vimutta</i> right emancipation A.I,292; <i>°vimutti</i> the same D.II,217; A.II,196,222; (adj.) M.I,42; A.II,89.<i>--saṅkappa</i> right resolve,right intention Dh.12; Vin.I,10; Dhs.21,298; definition D.II,312; (adj.) M.I,42; A.II,89.<i>--sati</i> right memory,right mindfulness,self-possession Vin.I,10; Dhs.23,303; definition D.II,313; (adj.) M.I,42; A.II,89.<i>--samādhi</i> right concentration,the last stage of the noble eightfold path Vin.I,10; Dhs.24,304; definition D.II,313; adj.M.I,12; A.II,89.<i>--sampassaṁ</i> having the right view S.IV,142.<i>--sambuddha</i> perfectly enlightened,a universal Buddha Vin.I,5; D.I,49; Dh.187; J.I,44; DhA.I,445; III,241; VbhA.436,etc.<i>--sambodhi</i> perfect enlightenment,supreme Buddhaship Vin.I,11; D.II,83; S.I,68,etc.(Page 695),5,1
  11425. 388196,en,15,samma,sammā,Sammā,Sammā,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.śamyā] a pin of the yoke Abhp 449; a kind of sacrificial instrument SnA 321 (sammaṁ ettha pāsantī ti sammāpāso; and sātrā-yāgass’etaṁ adhivacanaṁ).Cp.Weber Indische Streifen I.36,and sammāpāsa,below.(Page 695),5,1
  11426. 388217,en,15,sammad°,sammad°,Sammad°,Sammad°,see sammā.(Page 695),7,1
  11427. 388224,en,15,sammada,sammada,Sammada,Sammada,[saṁ+mada] drowsiness after a meal D.II,195; A.I,3; V,83; J.II,63; bhatta-° S.I,7; J.VI,57.(Page 695),7,1
  11428. 388259,en,15,sammaddati,sammaddati,Sammaddati,Sammaddati,[saṁ+maddati] to trample down Vin.I,137; 286 (cīvaraṁ,to soak,steep); ppr.sammaddanto Vin.I,137 (to crush).(Page 695),10,1
  11429. 388292,en,15,sammaggata,sammaggata,Sammaggata,Sammaggata,see under sammā°.(Page 695),10,1
  11430. 388305,en,15,sammajjana,sammajjana,Sammajjana,Sammajjana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.last] sweeping J.I,67; SnA 66 (°ka); VvA.319 (T.sammajja).(Page 695),10,1
  11431. 388314,en,15,sammajjani,sammajjanī,Sammajjanī,Sammajjanī,(f.) [fr.last] a broom Vin.II,129; A.IV,170; Vism.105; DhA.III,7; cp.sammujjanī.(Page 695),10,1
  11432. 388327,en,15,sammajjati,sammajjati,Sammajjati,Sammajjati,[saṁ+majjati<sup>2</sup>] 1.to sweep Vin.I,46; II,209; J.II,25; DhA.I,58; II,184; III,168.-- 2.to rub,polish J.I,338.-- pp.<i>sammaṭṭha</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>sammajjāpeti</i> Vin.I,240.(Page 695),10,1
  11433. 388347,en,15,sammakkhana,sammakkhana,Sammakkhana,Sammakkhana,(nt.) [saṁ+makkhana] smearing Vism.346.(Page 695),11,1
  11434. 388356,en,15,sammakkheti,sammakkheti,Sammakkheti,Sammakkheti,[saṁ+makkheti] to smear Vism.346.(Page 695),11,1
  11435. 388362,en,15,sammakkhita,sammakkhita,Sammakkhita,Sammakkhita,[saṁ+makkhita] smeared J.V,16; abstr.<i>°tta</i> (nt.) Vism.346.(Page 695),11,1
  11436. 388370,en,15,sammana,sammāna,Sammāna,Sammāna,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>man</em>] honour J.I,182; VI,390; Sdhp.355.(Page 696),7,1
  11437. 388376,en,15,sammanana,sammānanā,Sammānanā,Sammānanā,(f.) [saṁ+mānanā] honouring,veneration D.III,190; Miln.162,375,386.(Page 696),9,1
  11438. 388382,en,15,sammannati,sammaññati,Sammaññati,Sammaññati,see sammannati.(Page 695),10,1
  11439. 388387,en,15,sammannati,sammannati,Sammannati,Sammannati,[saṁ+<em>man</em>,fr.Vedic manute,manvate,for the usual manyate:see maññati] 1.to assent,to consent to Mhvs 3,10; DA.I,11.-- 2.to agree to,to authorize,select Vin.III,150,158,238; IV,50; Mhvs 3,9; sīmaṁ s.to determine,to fix the boundary Vin.I,106 sq.-- 3.to esteem,honour; inf.sammannituṁ Vin.IV,50.<i>sammannesi</i> D.I,105 is misprint for <i>samannesi</i>.-- ppr.<i>sammata</i>.(Page 695),10,1
  11440. 388405,en,15,sammanteti,sammanteti,Sammanteti,Sammanteti,[saṁ+manteti] to consult together D.I,142; J.I,269,399; DA.I,135.(Page 695),10,1
  11441. 388471,en,15,sammasana,sammasana,Sammasana,Sammasana,[(nt.) fr.last] grasping,mastering Miln.178; Vism.287,629 sq.; cp.Cpd.65,210.(Page 695),9,1
  11442. 388485,en,15,sammasati,sammasati,Sammasati,Sammasati,[saṁ+masati] to touch,seize,grasp,know thoroughly,master S.II,107; Dh.374; Miln.325; to think,meditate on (Acc.) J.VI,379; ppr.sammasaṁ II.107 &#38; sammasanto Miln.379; J.I,74,75; fem.sammasantī ThA.62; sammasamāna Miln.219,325,398; pp.<i>sammasita</i>.(Page 695),9,1
  11443. 388498,en,15,sammasita,sammasita,Sammasita,Sammasita,[pp.of sammasati] grasped,understood,mastered J.I,78.(Page 695),9,1
  11444. 388502,en,15,sammasitar,sammasitar,Sammasitar,Sammasitar,one who grasps,sees clearly Sn.69.(Page 695),10,1
  11445. 388509,en,15,sammata,sammata,Sammata,Sammata,[pp.of sammannati] 1.considered as M.I,39; S.II,15; IV,127; D.III,89 (dhamma°); Vin.IV,161,295.-- 2.honoured,revered M.II,213; J.I,49; V,79; sādhusammata considered,revered,as good D.I,47; S.IV,398.-- 3.authorized,selected,agreed upon D.III,93 (mahājana°) Vin.I,111; III,150.(Page 695),7,1
  11446. 388525,en,15,sammati,sammati,Sammati,Sammati,<sup>3</sup><i> </i>[<em>śam</em> to labour; pres.śamyati; pp.Vedic śamita] to work; to be satisfactory Vin.II,119 (parissāvanaṁ na s.),278 (navakammaṁ etc.na s.).(Page 695),7,1
  11447. 388526,en,15,sammati,sammati,Sammati,Sammati,<sup>2</sup><i> </i>[<em>śram</em><i>;</i> Vedic śrāmyati Dhtp 220=parissama,436=kheda] to be weary or fatigued.(Page 695),7,1
  11448. 388527,en,15,sammati,sammati,Sammati,Sammati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>śam</em><i>;</i> Dhtp 436=upasama] 1.to be appeased,calmed; to cease Dh.5; Pot 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.sammeyyuṁ S.I,24.-- 2.to rest,to dwell D.I,92; S.I,226; J.V,396; DA.I,262 (=vasati); pp.<i>santa</i>.-- Caus.<i>sāmeti</i> to appease,suppress,stop,A.II,24; It.82,83,117,183; Dh.265.(Page 695),7,1
  11449. 388540,en,15,sammatta,sammatta,Sammatta,Sammatta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [abstr.fr.sammā] correctness,righteousness A.I,121; III,441; Pug.13; Dhs.1029; Nett 44; 96,112; Kvu 609; DhsA.45; KvA 141; °kārin,attained to proficiency in Miln.191; sammatta-kāritā ibid.-- The 8 sammattā are the 8 aṅgas of the ariya-magga (see magga 2 a) D.III,255; the 10 are the above with the addition of sammā-ñāṇa and °vimutti A.V,240.(Page 695),8,1
  11450. 388541,en,15,sammatta,sammatta,Sammatta,Sammatta,<sup>1</sup> [saṁ+matta<sup>2</sup>] intoxicated,maddened,delighted D.II,266; Dh.287; J.III,188; doting on J.V,443; rogasammatta tormented by illness J.V,90 (=°pīḷita C.; v.l.°patta,as under matta<sup>2</sup>).(Page 695),8,1
  11451. 388557,en,15,sammattha,sammaṭṭha,Sammaṭṭha,Sammaṭṭha,[pp.of sammajjati] swept,cleaned,polished,smooth Vin.III,119 (su°); J.I,10; III,395 (smooth).Spelt <i>°maṭṭa</i> at Miln.15.(Page 695),9,1
  11452. 388581,en,15,sammegha,sammegha,Sammegha,Sammegha,[saṁ+megha] rainy or cloudy weather J.VI,51,52.(Page 696),8,1
  11453. 388585,en,15,sammilata,sammilāta,Sammilāta,Sammilāta,[saṁ+milāta] withered,shrunk M.I,80.(Page 696),9,1
  11454. 388588,en,15,sammillabhasini,sammillabhāsinī,Sammillabhāsinī,Sammillabhāsinī,(f.) [saṁ+milla=mihita,+bhāsin] speaking with smiles J.IV,24; name of a girl in Benares J.III,93 sq.(Page 696),15,1
  11455. 388591,en,15,samminjana,sammiñjana,Sammiñjana,Sammiñjana,(nt.) [fr.sammiñjati] bending DA.I,196 (opp.pasāraṇa); VbhA.358.(Page 696),10,1
  11456. 388599,en,15,samminjati,sammiñjati,Sammiñjati,Sammiñjati,( &#38; Sammiñjeti) [saṁ+iñjati,see also <i>samiñjati;</i> cp.BSk.sammiñjayati Divy 473.See also Leumann,Album Kern,p.393] to bend back,to double up (opp.pasārati or sampasāreti) Vin.I,5; M.I,57,168; D.I,70; J.I,321; Vism.365 (v.l.samiñjeti); DA.I,196.-- pp.<i>sammiñjita</i>.(Page 696),10,1
  11457. 388609,en,15,samminjita,sammiñjita,Sammiñjita,Sammiñjita,[pp.of sammiñjati] bent back M.I,326 (spelt samiñjita); A.II,104,106 sq.,210.(Page 696),10,1
  11458. 388621,en,15,sammissata,sammissatā,Sammissatā,Sammissatā,(f.) [fr.saṁ+missa] the state of being mixed,confusion DhsA.311.(Page 696),10,1
  11459. 388637,en,15,sammita,sammita,Sammita,Sammita,[saṁ+mita] measured,i.e.just so much,no more or less; °-bhānin Th.1,209.(Page 696),7,1
  11460. 388643,en,15,sammoda,sammoda,Sammoda,Sammoda,[fr.saṁ+<em>mud</em>] odour,fragrance; ekagandha°,filled with fragrance J.VI,9.(Page 696),7,1
  11461. 388650,en,15,sammodaka,sammodaka,Sammodaka,Sammodaka,(adj.) [fr.sammodati] polite D.I,116; DA.I,287; a-sammodaka (f.°-ikā) Vin.I,341<sup>16</sup>.(Page 696),9,1
  11462. 388656,en,15,sammodana,sammodana,Sammodana,Sammodana,(nt.) [saṁ+modana] satisfaction,compliment; <i>°ṁ karoti</i> to exchange politeness,to welcome VvA.141,259.(Page 697),9,1
  11463. 388670,en,15,sammodati,sammodati,Sammodati,Sammodati,[saṁ+modati] 1.to rejoice,delight; pp.<i>sammudita</i> (q.v.).-- 2.to agree with,to exchange friendly greeting with; aor.sammodi Vin.I,2; D.I,52; Sn.419; J.VI,224; ppr.sammodamāna in agreement,on friendly terms J.I,209; II,6; ger.sammoditvā J.II,107; grd.<i>sammodanīya</i> [cp.BSk.sammodanī saṁrañjanī kathā Divy 70,156 &#38; passim] pleasant,friendly A.V,193; cp.Sn.419; Vin.I,2; D.I,52.-- <i>sammodita</i> at VvA.186 read <i>samodita</i>.(Page 696),9,1
  11464. 388682,en,15,sammoha,sammoha,Sammoha,Sammoha,[saṁ+moha] bewilderment,infatuation,delusion M.I,86,136; Vin.I,183; Nd<sup>1</sup> 193; A.II,174; III,54 sq.,416; S.I,24; IV,206; Dhs.390.(Page 697),7,1
  11465. 388694,en,15,sammoheti,sammoheti,Sammoheti,Sammoheti,see sammuyhati.(Page 697),9,1
  11466. 388702,en,15,sammosa,sammosa,Sammosa,Sammosa,[for *sam-mṛṣa,of <em>mṛṣ</em><i>:</i> see mussati.sammosa after moha &#38; musā›mosa] bewilderment,confusion D.I,19; A.I,58; II,147; S.II,224; IV,190; Vin.II,114; Miln.266,289; Vism.63 (sati° lapse of memory).(Page 697),7,1
  11467. 388717,en,15,sammucchita,sammucchita,Sammucchita,Sammucchita,see <i>samucchita</i>.(Page 696),11,1
  11468. 388726,en,15,sammudita,sammudita,Sammudita,Sammudita,[pp.of sammodati] delighted,delighting in Vin.I,4; M.I,503; S.IV,390.(Page 696),9,1
  11469. 388730,en,15,sammujjani,sammujjanī,Sammujjanī,Sammujjanī,(f.) [=sammajjanī] a broom J.I,161; sammuñjanī the same Miln.2.(Page 696),10,1
  11470. 388736,en,15,sammukha,sammukha,Sammukha,Sammukha,(adj.) [saṁ+mukha] face to face with,in presence; sammukhaciṇṇa a deed done in a person’s presence J.III,27; <i>sammukhā</i> (Abl.) 1.face to face,before,from before D.II,155; Sn.p.79; J.I,115; III,89 (opp.parokkhā); with Acc.Bu II.73=J.I,17; with Gen.D.I,222; II,220; M.I,146.-2.in a full assembly of qualified persons Vin.II,3; Loc.<i>sammukhe</i> D.II,206; J.V,461.In composition <i>sammukha°</i>,<i> sammukhā° </i>&<i> sammukhī°</i> (before <i>bhū):°bhāva</i> (°a°) presence,confrontation Miln.126; (°ī°) being face to face with,coming into one’s presence D.I,103; M.I,438; A.I,150; <i>°bhūta</i> (°ī°) being face to face with,confronted D.II,155; S.IV,94; Vin.II,73; A.III,404 sq.; V,226; one who has realized the saṁyojanas Kvu 483; <i>°vinaya</i> (°ā°) proceeding in presence,requiring the presence of a chapter of priests and of the party accused Vin.II,74,93 sq.; IV,207; A.I,99; DhsA.144.See also <i>yebhuyyasikā</i>.(Page 696),8,1
  11471. 388745,en,15,sammukhata,sammukhatā,Sammukhatā,Sammukhatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.sammukha] presence,confrontation Vin.II,93 (saṅgha°).(Page 696),10,1
  11472. 388763,en,15,sammulha,sammūḷha,Sammūḷha,Sammūḷha,[saṁ+mūḷha] infatuated,bewildered D.II,85; M.I,250; A.I,165; Sn.583; J.V,294; Tikp 366.(Page 696),8,1
  11473. 388779,en,15,sammusa,sammusā,Sammusā,Sammusā,M.II,202,read sammuccā (from sammuti).(Page 696),7,1
  11474. 388784,en,15,sammussanata,sammussanatā,Sammussanatā,Sammussanatā,(f.) [fr.saṁ+mussati] forgetfulness Dhs.14 1349; Pug.21.(Page 696),12,1
  11475. 388800,en,15,sammuti,sammuti,Sammuti,Sammuti,(f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>man</em>] 1.consent,permission Vin.III,199.-- 2.choice,selection,delegation Vin.III,159.‹-› 3.fixing,determination (of boundary) Vin.I,106.‹-› 4.common consent,general opinion,convention,that which is generally accepted; as °- conventional,e.g.<i>°sacca</i> conventional truth (as opposed to <i>paramattha°</i> the absolute truth) Miln.160; <i>°ñāṇa</i> common knowledge D.III,226; <i>°deva</i> what is called a deva J.I,132; DA.I,174; see under <i>deva; °maraṇa</i> what is commonly called “death” Vism.229.-- <i>sammuccā</i> (Instr.) by convention or common consent Sn.648 (v.l.sammacca=ger.of sammannati).-- 5.opinion,doctrine Sn.897 (=dvāsaṭṭhī diṭṭhigatāni Nd<sup>1</sup> 308),904,911.-- 6.definition,declaration,statement Vin.I,123 (ummattaka°); A.IV,347 (vādaka°); VbhA.164 (bhuñjaka°).-- 7.a popular expression,a mere name or word Miln.28.‹-› 8.tradition,lore; comb<sup>d</sup> with suti at Miln.3.(Page 696),7,1
  11476. 388813,en,15,sammuttha,sammuṭṭha,Sammuṭṭha,Sammuṭṭha,[saṁ+muṭṭha] confused M.I,21; S.IV,125; V,331; one who has forgotten Vin.IV,4<sup>5</sup> (=na ssarati); III,165<sup>13</sup>; <i>°ssati</i> id.A.I,280.(Page 696),9,1
  11477. 388820,en,15,sammuyhana,sammuyhana,Sammuyhana,Sammuyhana,(nt.) [saṁ+muyhana] bewilderment DA.I,193 (Page 696),10,1
  11478. 388826,en,15,sammuyhati,sammuyhati,Sammuyhati,Sammuyhati,[saṁ+muyhati] to be bewildered,infatuated,muddle-headed J.IV,385; Miln.42.-- pp.<i>sammūḷha</i> D.II,85; M.I,250; A.I,165; Sn.583; Caus.<i>sammoheti</i> to befool Miln.224.(Page 696),10,1
  11479. 388843,en,15,samocita,samocita,Samocita,Samocita,[saṁ+ocita] gathered,arranged J.V,156 (=surocita C.).(Page 689),8,1
  11480. 388855,en,15,samodahati,samodahati,Samodahati,Samodahati,[saṁ+odahati] to put together,supply,apply S.I.7; IV,178 sq.; to fix Nett 165,178; ppr.<i>samodahaṁ</i> S.I,7=IV.179; ger.<i>samodahitvā</i> S.IV,178; &#38; <i>samodhāya</i> Vism.105; Sdhp.588.-- pp.<i>samohita</i>.(Page 689),10,1
  11481. 388866,en,15,samodakam,samodakaṁ,Samodakaṁ,Samodakaṁ,(adv.) [saṁ+odakaṁ] at the water’s edge Vin.I,6=M.I,169=D.II,38.(Page 689),9,1
  11482. 388874,en,15,samodhana,samodhāna,Samodhāna,Samodhāna,(nt.) [saṁ+odhāna,cp.odahana] collocation,combination Bu II.59=J.I,14; S.IV,215=V.212; application (of a story) J.II,381.samodhānaṁ gacchati to come together,to combine,to be contained in Vin.I,62; M.I,184=S.I,86; V,43,231=A.V,21 (Com.odhānapakkhepaṁ) A.III,364; SnA 2; Vism.7; VbhA.107; samodhānagata wrapped together Miln.362; samodhānaparivāsa a combined,inclusive probation Vin.II,48 sq.(Page 689),9,1
  11483. 388881,en,15,samodhanata,samodhānatā,Samodhānatā,Samodhānatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.samodhāna] combination,application,pursuance,in <i>vutti°</i> J.III,541 (so read for vatti°).(Page 689),11,1
  11484. 388889,en,15,samodhaneti,samodhāneti,Samodhāneti,Samodhāneti,[denom.fr.samodhāna] to combine,put together,connect J.I,9,14; DA.I,18; SnA 167,193,400; especially <i>jātakaṁ s</i>.to apply a Jātaka to the incident J.I,106,171; II,381 &#38; passim.(Page 689),11,1
  11485. 388897,en,15,samodita,samodita,Samodita,Samodita,united VvA.186 (so read for samm°),320; cp.samudita.(Page 689),8,1
  11486. 388905,en,15,samoha,samoha,Samoha,Samoha,infatuated Pug.61.(Page 689),6,1
  11487. 388914,en,15,samohita,samohita,Samohita,Samohita,[pp.of samodahati] 1.put together,joined J.VI,261 (su°).-- 2.connected with,covered with Nd<sup>1</sup> 149 (for pareta); Miln.346 (raja-paṅka°).(Page 689),8,1
  11488. 388919,en,15,samokinna,samokiṇṇa,Samokiṇṇa,Samokiṇṇa,[pp.of samokirati] besprinkled,covered (with) J.I,233.(Page 689),9,1
  11489. 388932,en,15,samokirati,samokirati,Samokirati,Samokirati,[saṁ+okirati] to sprinkle Bu II.178=J.I,27.‹-› pp.<i>samokiṇṇa</i>.(Page 689),10,1
  11490. 388945,en,15,samorodha,samorodha,Samorodha,Samorodha,[saṁ+orodha] barricading,torpor Dhs.1157; DhsA.379.(Page 689),9,1
  11491. 388946,en,15,samorohati,samorohati,Samorohati,Samorohati,[saṁ+orohati] to descend; ger.<i>samoruyha</i> Mhvs 10,35.(Page 689),10,1
  11492. 388954,en,15,samosarana,samosaraṇa,Samosaraṇa,Samosaraṇa,(nt.) [saṁ+osaraṇa] coming together,meeting,union,junction D.I,237; II,61; S.III,156; V,42 sq.,91; A.III,364; Miln.38.(Page 689),10,1
  11493. 388964,en,15,samosarati,samosarati,Samosarati,Samosarati,[saṁ+osarati] 1.to flow down together Miln.349.-- 2.to come together,gather J.I,178 (see on this Kern,Toev.II.60).(Page 689),10,1
  11494. 388977,en,15,samotarati,samotarati,Samotarati,Samotarati,[saṁ+otarati] to descend Mhvs 10,57.(Page 689),10,1
  11495. 388989,en,15,samotata,samotata,Samotata,Samotata,[saṁ+otata] strewn all over,spread Vv 81<sup>6</sup> (vv.ll.samogata and samohata); J.I,183; Ap 191.(Page 689),8,1
  11496. 388996,en,15,sampabhasa,sampabhāsa,Sampabhāsa,Sampabhāsa,[saṁ+pa+<em>bhāṣ</em>] frivolous talk S.V,355.(Page 691),10,1
  11497. 388998,en,15,sampabhasati,sampabhāsati,Sampabhāsati,Sampabhāsati,[saṁ+pa+bhās] to shine Miln.338.(Page 691),12,1
  11498. 389003,en,15,sampacura,sampacura,Sampacura,Sampacura,(adj.) [saṁ+pacura] abundant,very many A.II,59,61; S.I,110.(Page 690),9,1
  11499. 389008,en,15,sampada,sampadā,Sampadā,Sampadā,(f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>pad</em>,cp.BSk.sampadā Divy 401 (devamanuṣya°),also sampatti] 1.attainment,success,accomplishment; happiness,good fortune; blessing,bliss A.I,38; Pv.II,9<sup>47</sup> (=sampatti PvA.132).-- Sampadā in its pregnant meaning is applied to the accomplishments of the individual in the course of his religious development.Thus it is used with <i>sīla</i>,<i> citta</i>,<i> </i>&<i> paññā</i> at D.I,171 sq.and many other passages in an almost encyclopedic sense.Here with <i>sīla°</i> the whole of the sīlakkhandha (D.I,63 sq.) is understood; <i>citta°</i> means the cultivation of the heart &#38; attainments of the mind relating to composure,concentration and religious meditation,otherwise called samādhikkhandha.It includes those stages of meditation which are enum<sup>d</sup> under samādhi.With <i>paññā°</i> are meant the attainments of higher wisdom and spiritual emancipation,connected with supernormal faculties,culminating in Arahantship and extinction of all causes of rebirth,otherwise called <i>vijjā</i> (see the 8 items of this under vijjā b.).The same ground as by this 3 fold division is covered by the enumeration of 5 sampadās as <i>sīla°</i>,<i> samādhi°</i>,<i> paññā°</i>,<i> vimutti°</i>,<i> vimutti-ñāṇadassana°</i> M.I,145; Pug.54; cp.S.I,139; A.III,12.<br><br> The term <i>sampadā</i> is not restricted to a definite set of accomplishments.It is applied to various such sets besides the one mentioned above.Thus we find a set of 3 sampadās called <i>sīla°</i>,<i> citta° </i>&<i> diṭṭhi°</i> at A.I,269,where under <i>sīla</i> the Nos.1--7 of the 10 sīlas are understood (see sīla 2 a),under <i>citta</i> Nos.8 &#38; 9,under <i>diṭṭhi</i> No.10.‹-› <i>sīla </i>&<i> diṭṭhi°</i> also at D.III,213.-- A set of 8 sampadās is given at A.IV,322 with uṭṭhāna°,ārakkha°,kalyāṇamittatā,sammājīvitā,saddhā°,sīla°,cāga°,paññā°; of which the first 4 are expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at A.IV,281=322 as bringing wordly happiness,viz.alertness,wariness,association with good friends,right livelihood; and the last 4 as leading to future bliss (viz.faith in the Buddha,keeping the 5 sīlas,liberality,higher wisdom) at A.IV,284=324.Another set of 5 frequently mentioned is:<i>ñāti°</i>,<i> bhoga°</i>,<i> ārogya°</i>,<i> sīla°</i>,<i> diṭṭhi°</i> (or the blessings,i.e.good fortune,of having relatives,possessions,health,good conduct,right views) representing the “summa bona” of popular choice,to which is opposed deficiency (vyasana,reverse) of the same items.Thus e.g.at A.III,147; D.III,235.‹-› Three sampadās:<i>kammanta°</i>,<i> ājīva°</i>,<i> diṭṭhi</i>,<i>°</i> i.e.the 7 sīlas,right living (sammā-ājīva),right views A.I,271.-- Another three as <i>saddhā°</i>,<i> sīla°</i>,<i> paññā°</i> at A.I,287.‹-› Bdhgh at DhA.III,93,94 speaks of four sampadās,viz.<i>vatthu°</i>,<i> paccaya°</i>,<i> cetanā°</i>,guṇâtireka°; of the blessings of a foundation (for merit),ofmeans (for salvation),of good intentions,of virtue ( &#38; merit).-- A (later) set of seven sampadās is given at J.IV,96 with āgama°,adhigama°,pubbahetu°,attattha-paripucchā°,titthavāsa°,yoniso -- manasikāra°,buddh’ûpanissaya°.-- Cp.the following:<i>atta°</i> S.V,30 sq.; <i>ākappa°</i> A.I,38; <i>ājīva°</i> A.I,271; DA.I,235; <i>kamma°</i> A.IV,238 sq.; <i>dassana°</i> Sn.231; <i>nibbāna°</i> Vism.58; <i>bhoga°</i> (+parivāra°) DhA.I,78; <i>yāga°</i> ThA.40 (Ap.V,7); <i>vijjācaraṇa°</i> D.I,99. 2.execution,performance; result,consequence; thus <i>yañña°</i> successful performance of a sacrifice D.I,128; Sn.505,509; <i>piṭaka-sampadāya</i> “on the authority of the Piṭaka tradition,” according to the P.; in exegesis of <i>iti-kira</i> (hearsay) A.I,189=II.191=Nd<sup>2</sup> 151; and of <i>itihītiha</i> M.I,520=II.169.(Page 690),7,1
  11500. 389018,en,15,sampadaka,sampādaka,Sampādaka,Sampādaka,[fr.sampādeti] one who obtains Miln.349.(Page 692),9,1
  11501. 389030,en,15,sampadaleti,sampadāleti,Sampadāleti,Sampadāleti,[saṁ+padāleti] to tear,to cut M.I,450; A.II,33=S.III,85; S.III,155; Mhvs 23,10.-- Act.intrs.<i>sampadālati</i> to burst J.VI,559 (=phalati,C.).(Page 691),11,1
  11502. 389047,en,15,sampadana,sampadāna,Sampadāna,Sampadāna,(nt.) [saṁ+padāna] the dative relation J.V,214 (upayogatthe),237 (karaṇatthe); SnA 499 (°vacana).(Page 691),9,1
  11503. 389050,en,15,sampadana,sampādana,Sampādana,Sampādana,(nt.) [fr.sampādeti] effecting,accomplishment Nett 44; preparing,obtaining J.I,80.(Page 692),9,1
  11504. 389059,en,15,sampadati,sampadāti,Sampadāti,Sampadāti,[saṁ+padāti] to hand on,give over J.IV,204 (aor.°padāsi).(Page 691),9,1
  11505. 389061,en,15,sampaddavati,sampaddavati,Sampaddavati,Sampaddavati,[saṁ+pa+<em>dru</em>] to run away; aor.<i>sampaddavi</i> J.VI,53.-- pp.<i>sampadduta</i>.(Page 691),12,1
  11506. 389063,en,15,sampadduta,sampadduta,Sampadduta,Sampadduta,[pp.of sampaddavati] run away J.VI,53.(Page 691),10,1
  11507. 389073,en,15,sampadeti,sampādeti,Sampādeti,Sampādeti,[Caus.of sampajjati] 1.to procure,obtain Vin.I,217; II,214; ekavacanaṁ s.to be able to utter a single word J.II,164; kathaṁ s.to be able to talk J.II,165; dohaḷe s.to satisfy the longing Mhvs 22,51.-- 2.to strive,to try to accomplish one’s aim D.II,120; S.II,29 (Page 692),9,1
  11508. 389087,en,15,sampadhupeti,sampadhūpeti,Sampadhūpeti,Sampadhūpeti,(°dhūpāyati,°dhūpāti) [saṁ+padhūpāti] to send forth (thick) smoke,to fill with smoke or incense,to pervade,permeate S.I,169; Vin.I,225; Sn.p.15; Miln.333.Cp.<i>sandhūpāyati</i>.(Page 691),12,1
  11509. 389092,en,15,sampaditta,sampaditta,Sampaditta,Sampaditta,[saṁ+paditta] kindled Sdhp.33.(Page 691),10,1
  11510. 389103,en,15,sampadosa,sampadosa,Sampadosa,Sampadosa,[saṁ+padosa<sup>1</sup>] wickedness Dhs.1060; a-sampadosa innocence J.VI,317=VI,321.(Page 691),9,1
  11511. 389117,en,15,sampadussati,sampadussati,Sampadussati,Sampadussati,[saṁ+padussati] to be corrupted,to trespass Vin.IV,260; J.II,193; pp.<i>sampaduṭṭha</i>.(Page 691),12,1
  11512. 389125,en,15,sampaduttha,sampaduṭṭha,Sampaduṭṭha,Sampaduṭṭha,[saṁ+paduṭṭha] corrupted,wicked J.VI,317 (a°); Sdhp.70.(Page 691),11,1
  11513. 389128,en,15,sampaggaha,sampaggaha,Sampaggaha,Sampaggaha,[saṁ+paggaha] support,patronage Mhvs 4,44.(Page 689),10,1
  11514. 389131,en,15,sampaggaha,sampaggāha,Sampaggāha,Sampaggāha,assumption,arrogance Dhs.1116.(Page 690),10,1
  11515. 389134,en,15,sampaggahita,sampaggahīta,Sampaggahīta,Sampaggahīta,[saṁ+paggahīta] uplifted Miln.309.(Page 689),12,1
  11516. 389140,en,15,sampagganhati,sampaggaṇhāti,Sampaggaṇhāti,Sampaggaṇhāti,[saṁ+pagganhāti] 1.to exert,strain DhsA.372.-- 2.to show a liking for,to favour,befriend J.VI,294.-- pp.<i>sampaggahīta</i>.(Page 689),13,1
  11517. 389143,en,15,sampaghosa,sampaghosa,Sampaghosa,Sampaghosa,sound,noise Mhbv 45.(Page 690),10,1
  11518. 389150,en,15,sampahamsaka,sampahaṁsaka,Sampahaṁsaka,Sampahaṁsaka,(adj.) [fr.next] gladdening M.I,146; A.II,97; IV,296,328; V,155; It.107; Miln.373.(Page 692),12,1
  11519. 389158,en,15,sampahamsana,sampahaṁsana,Sampahaṁsana,Sampahaṁsana,(nt.) [fr.sampahaṁsati] being glad,pleasure; approval Ps.I,167; Vism.148 (°ā); KhA 100 (“evaṁ”); SnA 176 (“sādhu”); Sdhp.568.(Page 692),12,1
  11520. 389166,en,15,sampahamsati,sampahaṁsati,Sampahaṁsati,Sampahaṁsati,[saṁ+pahaṁsati<sup>2</sup>] to be glad; pp.<i>sampahaṭṭha</i>.--Caus.<i>sampahaṁseti</i> to gladden,delight Vin.I,18; D.I,126.(Page 692),12,1
  11521. 389183,en,15,sampahara,sampahāra,Sampahāra,Sampahāra,[saṁ+pahāra] clashing,beating together,impact,striking; battle,strife D.II,166; Pug.66 sq.; DA.I,150; Miln.161 (ūmi-vega°),179 (of two rocks),224.(Page 692),9,1
  11522. 389193,en,15,sampahattha,sampahaṭṭha,Sampahaṭṭha,Sampahaṭṭha,<sup>2</sup> [saṁ+pahaṭṭha<sup>2</sup>] gladdened,joyful Sdhp.301.(Page 692),11,1
  11523. 389194,en,15,sampahattha,sampahaṭṭha,Sampahaṭṭha,Sampahaṭṭha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [saṁ+pahaṭṭha<sup>1</sup>] beaten,struck (of metal),refined,wrought S.I,65 (sakusala°; Bdhgh:ukkāmukhe pacitvā s.; K.S.I.321); Sn.686 (sukusala°; SnA 486:“kusalena suvaṇṇakārena saṅghaṭṭitaṁ saṅghaṭṭentena tāpitaṁ”).(Page 692),11,1
  11524. 389206,en,15,sampajana,sampajāna,Sampajāna,Sampajāna,(adj.) [saṁ+pajāna,cp.pajānāti; BSk.samprajāna,MVastu I.206; II,360] thoughtful,mindful,attentive,deliberate,almost syn.with <i>sata</i>,mindful D.I,37; II,94 sq.; Sn.413,931; It.10,42; Pug.25; D.III,49,58,221,224 sq.; A.IV,47 sq.,300 sq.,457 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 395; Nd<sup>2</sup> 141.<i>sampajānakārin</i> acting with consideration or full attention D.I,70; II,95,292; A.II,210; V,206; VbhA.347 sq.; DA.I,184 sq.; <i>sampājanamusāvāda</i> deliberate lie Vin.IV,2; It.18; D.III,45; A.I,128; IV,370; V,265; J.I,23.(Page 690),9,1
  11525. 389220,en,15,sampajanati,sampajānāti,Sampajānāti,Sampajānāti,[saṁ+pajānāti] to know S.V,154; Sn.1055; Nd<sup>2</sup> 655.(Page 690),11,1
  11526. 389231,en,15,sampajanna,sampajañña,Sampajañña,Sampajañña,(nt.) [fr.sampajāna,i.e.*sampajānya] attention,consideration,discrimination,comprehension,circumspection A.I,13 sq.; II,93; III,307; IV,320; V,98 sq.; S.III,169; D.III,213 (<i>sati+samp</i>.opp.to <i>muṭṭha-sacca+ asampajañña</i>),273.Description of it in detail at DA.I,183 sq.=VbhA.347 sq.,where given as fourfold,viz.sātthaka°,sappāya°,gocara°,asammoha°,with examples.Often combined with <i>sati</i>,with which almost synonymous,e.g.at D.I,63; A.I,43; II,44 sq.; V,115,118.(Page 690),10,1
  11527. 389242,en,15,sampajjalita,sampajjalita,Sampajjalita,Sampajjalita,(adj.) [saṁ+pajjalita] in flames,ablaze A.IV,131; Vin.I,25; D.I,95; II,335; J.I,232; Miln.84.(Page 690),12,1
  11528. 389255,en,15,sampajjati,sampajjati,Sampajjati,Sampajjati,[saṁ+pajjati] 1.to come to,to fall to; to succeed,prosper J.I,7; II,105.-- 2.to turn out,to happen,become D.I,91,101,193,239; PvA.192.aor.<i>sampādi</i> D.II,266,269.-- pp.<i>sampanna</i>.-- Caus.<i>sampādeti</i>.(Page 690),10,1
  11529. 389268,en,15,sampaka,sampāka,Sampāka,Sampāka,[saṁ+pāka] 1.what is cooked,a cooked preparation,concoction Vin.II,259 (maṁsa° etc.); Vv 43<sup>5</sup> (kola°); VvA.186.-- 2.ripeness,development J.VI,236.(Page 692),7,1
  11530. 389275,en,15,sampakampati,sampakampati,Sampakampati,Sampakampati,[saṁ+pakampati] to tremble,to be shaken Vin.I,12; D.II,12,108; M.I,227; III,120.-- Caus.<i>sampakampeti</i> to shake D.II,108.(Page 689),12,1
  11531. 389288,en,15,sampakkhandana,sampakkhandana,Sampakkhandana,Sampakkhandana,(nt.) [saṁ+pakkhandana] aspiration Miln.34 sq.(Page 689),14,1
  11532. 389292,en,15,sampakkhandati,sampakkhandati,Sampakkhandati,Sampakkhandati,[saṁ+pakkhandati,cp.BSk.sampraskandati MVastu II.157] to aspire to,to enter into Miln.35.(Page 689),14,1
  11533. 389296,en,15,sampakopa,sampakopa,Sampakopa,Sampakopa,[saṁ+pakopa] indignation Dhs.1060.(Page 689),9,1
  11534. 389300,en,15,sampaleti,sampāleti,Sampāleti,Sampāleti,[saṁ+pāleti] to protect J.IV,127.(Page 692),9,1
  11535. 389305,en,15,sampalibhagga,sampalibhagga,Sampalibhagga,Sampalibhagga,[pp.of next] broken up S.I,123.(Page 691),13,1
  11536. 389308,en,15,sampalibhanjati,sampalibhañjati,Sampalibhañjati,Sampalibhañjati,[saṁ+pari+<em>bhañj</em>] to break,to crack M.I,234; S.I,123; pp.<i>sampalibhagga</i>.(Page 691),15,1
  11537. 389311,en,15,sampalibodha,sampalibodha,Sampalibodha,Sampalibodha,[saṁ+palibodha] hindrance,obstruction Nett 79.(Page 691),12,1
  11538. 389316,en,15,sampalimattha,sampalimaṭṭha,Sampalimaṭṭha,Sampalimaṭṭha,[saṁ+palimaṭṭha] touched,handled,blotted out,destroyed S.IV,168 sq.=J.III,532=Vism.36.(Page 691),13,1
  11539. 389320,en,15,sampalivetheti,sampaliveṭheti,Sampaliveṭheti,Sampaliveṭheti,[saṁ+paliveṭheti] to wrap up,envelop; °eyya AIV.131 (kāyaṁ).(Page 691),14,1
  11540. 389322,en,15,sampalivethita,sampaliveṭhita,Sampaliveṭhita,Sampaliveṭhita,(adj.) [saṁ+paliveṭhita] wrapped up,enveloped M.I,281.(Page 691),14,1
  11541. 389324,en,15,sampamaddati,sampamaddati,Sampamaddati,Sampamaddati,[saṁ+pamaddati] to crush out Miln.403.(Page 691),12,1
  11542. 389327,en,15,sampamathita,sampamathita,Sampamathita,Sampamathita,[saṁ+pamathita] altogether crushed or overwhelmed J.VI,189.(Page 691),12,1
  11543. 389330,en,15,sampamodati,sampamodati,Sampamodati,Sampamodati,[saṁ+pamodati] to rejoice Vv 36<sup>8</sup>.-- pp.<i>sampamodita</i>.(Page 691),11,1
  11544. 389332,en,15,sampamodita,sampamodita,Sampamodita,Sampamodita,[saṁ+pamodita] delighted,rejoicing Sdhp.301.(Page 691),11,1
  11545. 389335,en,15,sampamulha,sampamūḷha,Sampamūḷha,Sampamūḷha,(adj.) [saṁ+pamūḷha] confounded Sn.762.(Page 691),10,1
  11546. 389342,en,15,sampanna,sampanna,Sampanna,Sampanna,[pp.of sampajjati] 1.successful,complete,perfect Vin.II,256; sampannaveyyākaraṇa a full explanation Sn.352.-- 2.endowed with,possessed of,abounding in Vin.I,17; Sn.152,727 (ceto-vimutti°); J.I,421; vijjācaraṇasampanna full of wisdom and goodness D.I,49; Sn.164; often used as first part of a compound,e.g.sampannavijjācaraṇa Dh.144; DhA.III,86; sampannasīla virtuous It.118; Dh.57; sampannodaka abounding in water J.IV,125.-- 3.sweet,well cooked Vin.II,196; Miln.395.(Page 691),8,1
  11547. 389366,en,15,sampapaka,sampāpaka,Sampāpaka,Sampāpaka,(adj.) [fr.sampāpeti] causing to obtain,leading to,bringing J.III,348; VI,235.(Page 692),9,1
  11548. 389371,en,15,sampapana,sampāpana,Sampāpana,Sampāpana,(nt.) [fr.sampāpuṇāti] reaching,getting to Miln.355,356 (tīra°).(Page 692),9,1
  11549. 389376,en,15,sampaphulla,sampaphulla,Sampaphulla,Sampaphulla,(adj.) [saṁ+pa+phulla] blooming,blossoming Sdhp.245.(Page 691),11,1
  11550. 389385,en,15,sampapunati,sampāpuṇāti,Sampāpuṇāti,Sampāpuṇāti,[saṁ+pāpuṇāti] to reach,attain; to come to,meet with; aor.sampāpuṇi J.I,67; II,20; pp.<i>sampatta</i>.-- Caus.<i>sampāpeti</i> to bring,to make attain Vism.303.(Page 692),11,1
  11551. 389396,en,15,samparaya,samparāya,Samparāya,Samparāya,[fr.saṁ+parā+<i>i</i>] future state,the next world Vin.II,162; A.III,154; IV,284 sq.; D.II,240; S.I,108; Sn.141,864,J.I,219; III,195; Miln.357; DhA.II,50.(Page 691),9,1
  11552. 389403,en,15,samparayika,samparāyika,Samparāyika,Samparāyika,(adj.) [fr.last] belonging to the next world Vin.I,179; III,21; D.II,240; III,130; A.III,49,364; IV,285; M.I,87; It.17,39; J.II,74.(Page 691),11,1
  11553. 389409,en,15,sampareta,sampareta,Sampareta,Sampareta,(adj.) [saṁ+pareta] surrounded,beset with J.II,317; III,360=S.I,143.(Page 691),9,1
  11554. 389411,en,15,samparibhinna,samparibhinna,Samparibhinna,Samparibhinna,(adj.) [saṁ+paribhinna] broken up J.VI,113 (°gatta).(Page 691),13,1
  11555. 389420,en,15,samparikaddhati,samparikaḍḍhati,Samparikaḍḍhati,Samparikaḍḍhati,[saṁ+parikaḍḍhati] to pull about,drag along M.I,228.(Page 691),15,1
  11556. 389423,en,15,samparikantati,samparikantati,Samparikantati,Samparikantati,[saṁ+parikantati] to cut all round M.III,275.(Trenckner reads sampakantati.) (Page 691),14,1
  11557. 389426,en,15,samparikinna,samparikiṇṇa,Samparikiṇṇa,Samparikiṇṇa,[saṁ+parikiṇṇa] surrounded by Vin.III,86; Miln.155.(Page 691),12,1
  11558. 389429,en,15,samparitapeti,samparitāpeti,Samparitāpeti,Samparitāpeti,[saṁ+paritāpeti] to make warm,heat,scourge M.I,128,244=S.IV,57.(Page 691),13,1
  11559. 389436,en,15,samparivajjeti,samparivajjeti,Samparivajjeti,Samparivajjeti,[saṁ+parivajjeti] to avoid,shun Sdhp.52,208.(Page 691),14,1
  11560. 389449,en,15,samparivareti,samparivāreti,Samparivāreti,Samparivāreti,[saṁ+parivāreti] to surround,wait upon,attend on J.I,61; aor.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.samparivāresuṁ J.I,164; ger.samparivārayitvā J.I,61; °etvā (do.) J.VI,43,108.Cp.sampavāreti.(Page 691),13,1
  11561. 389457,en,15,samparivasita,samparivāsita,Samparivāsita,Samparivāsita,see <i>parivāsita</i>.(Page 691),13,1
  11562. 389459,en,15,samparivatta,samparivatta,Samparivatta,Samparivatta,(adj.) [saṁ+parivatta] rolling about Dh.325.(Page 691),12,1
  11563. 389463,en,15,samparivattaka,samparivattaka,Samparivattaka,Samparivattaka,(adj.) [saṁ+parivattaka] rolling about grovelling J.II,142 (turning somersaults); DhA.II,5,12; Miln.253,357; <i>samparivattakaṁ</i> (adv.) in a rolling about manner M.II,138; samparivattakaṁ-samparivattakaṁ continually turning (it) Vin.I,50.(Page 691),14,1
  11564. 389469,en,15,samparivattati,samparivattati,Samparivattati,Samparivattati,[saṁ+parivattati] to turn,to roll about; ppr.samparivattamāna J.I,140; pp.<i>samparivatta</i>.‹-› Caus.<i>samparivatteti</i> [cp.BSk.°parivartayati to wring one’s hands Divy 263] to turn over in one’s mind,to ponder over S.V,89.(Page 691),14,1
  11565. 389481,en,15,samparuta,sampāruta,Sampāruta,Sampāruta,[saṁ+pāruta] (quite) covered M.I,281.(Page 692),9,1
  11566. 389487,en,15,sampasada,sampasāda,Sampasāda,Sampasāda,[saṁ+pasāda] serenity,pleasure D.II,211,222; A.II,199; M.II,262.(Page 692),9,1
  11567. 389494,en,15,sampasadana,sampasādana,Sampasādana,Sampasādana,[saṁ+pasādana] (nt.) tranquillizing D.I,37; Dhs.161; Miln.34; Vism.156; DhsA.170 (in the description of the second Jhāna); happiness,joy Bu I.35.(Page 692),11,1
  11568. 389502,en,15,sampasadaniya,sampasādaniya,Sampasādaniya,Sampasādaniya,(adj.) [saṁ+pasādaniya] leading to serenity,inspiring faith D.III,99 sq.(the S.Suttanta),116.(Page 692),13,1
  11569. 389525,en,15,sampasareti,sampasāreti,Sampasāreti,Sampasāreti,[saṁ+pasāreti] to stretch out,to distract Vism.365.-- Pass.<i>sampasāriyati</i> A.IV,47; Miln.297; DhsA.376.(Page 692),11,1
  11570. 389536,en,15,sampasidana,sampasīdana,Sampasīdana,Sampasīdana,(nt.) [fr.last] becoming tranquillized Nett 28.(Page 692),11,1
  11571. 389543,en,15,sampasidati,sampasīdati,Sampasīdati,Sampasīdati,[saṁ+pasīdati] to be tranquillized,reassured D.I,106; M.I,101; DA.I,275.(Page 692),11,1
  11572. 389560,en,15,sampassati,sampassati,Sampassati,Sampassati,[saṁ+passati] to see,behold; to look to,to consider; ppr sampassanto Vin.I,42; D.II,285; sampassaṁ Dh.290.(Page 692),10,1
  11573. 389572,en,15,sampata,sampāta,Sampāta,Sampāta,[saṁ+pāta] falling together,concurrence,collision It.68; kukkuṭasampāta neighbouring,closely adjoining (yasmā gāmā nikkhamitvā kukkuṭo padasā va aññaṁ gāmaṁ gacchati,ayaṁ kukkuṭasampāto ti vuccati) Vin.IV,63,358; kukkuṭasampātaka lying close together (lit.like a flock of poultry) A.I,159.Cp.the similar <i>sannipāta</i>.(Page 692),7,1
  11574. 389576,en,15,sampatati,sampatati,Sampatati,Sampatati,[saṁ+patati] to jump about,to fly along or about J.VI,528 (dumā dumaṁ); imper,sampatantu,ib.VI,448 (itarītaraṁ); ppr.sampatanto flying to J.III,491.pp.<i>sampatita</i>.(Page 690),9,1
  11575. 389582,en,15,sampati,sampati,Sampati,Sampati,[saṁ+paṭi; cp.Sk.samprati] now Miln.87; sampatijāta,just born D.II,15=M.III,123.Cp.<i>sampaṭike</i>.(Page 690),7,1
  11576. 389592,en,15,sampaticchana,sampaṭicchana,Sampaṭicchana,Sampaṭicchana,(nt.) [fr.last] acceptance,agreement DhsA.332; SnA 176 (“sādhu”); Vism.21; Sdhp.59,62.(Page 690),13,1
  11577. 389606,en,15,sampaticchati,sampaṭicchati,Sampaṭicchati,Sampaṭicchati,[saṁ+paṭicchati] to receive,accept J.I,69; III,351; Mhvs 6,34; ovādaṁ s.to comply with an admonition J.III,52; sādhū ti s.to say “well” and agree J.II,31; Miln.8.Caus.II.<i>sampaṭicchāpeti</i> J.VI,336.(Page 690),13,1
  11578. 389616,en,15,sampatiggaha,sampaṭiggaha,Sampaṭiggaha,Sampaṭiggaha,[saṁ+paṭiggaha] summing up,agreement KhA 100.(Page 690),12,1
  11579. 389621,en,15,sampatike,sampaṭike,Sampaṭike,Sampaṭike,(adv.) [Loc.fr.saṁ+paṭi+ka] now J.IV,432 (=sampati,idāni C.).(Page 690),9,1
  11580. 389623,en,15,sampatinipajja,sampaṭinipajjā,Sampaṭinipajjā,Sampaṭinipajjā,(f.) [saṁ+paṭi+nipajjā] squatting down,lying down ThA.111.(Page 690),14,1
  11581. 389627,en,15,sampatisamkha,sampaṭisaṁkhā,Sampaṭisaṁkhā,Sampaṭisaṁkhā,deliberately S.II,111; contracted from ger.°-saṁkhāya.(Page 690),13,1
  11582. 389636,en,15,sampatita,sampatita,Sampatita,Sampatita,[pp.of sampatati] jumping about J.VI,507.(Page 690),9,1
  11583. 389639,en,15,sampativedha,sampaṭivedha,Sampaṭivedha,Sampaṭivedha,[saṁ+paṭivedha] penetration Nett 27,41,42,220.(Page 690),12,1
  11584. 389641,en,15,sampativijjhati,sampaṭivijjhati,Sampaṭivijjhati,Sampaṭivijjhati,[saṁ+paṭivijjhati] to penetrate; Pass.sampaṭivijjhiyati Nett 220.(Page 690),15,1
  11585. 389650,en,15,sampatta,sampatta,Sampatta,Sampatta,[pp.of sampāpuṇāti] reached,arrived,come to,present J.IV,142; Miln.9,66; PvA.12; KhA 142; SnA 295; Sdhp.56.(Page 690),8,1
  11586. 389656,en,15,sampattakajata,sampattakajāta,Sampattakajāta,Sampattakajāta,merged in,given to Ud.75 [read sammattaka (?)].(Page 690),14,1
  11587. 389664,en,15,sampatthana,sampatthanā,Sampatthanā,Sampatthanā,(f.) [saṁ+patthanā] entreating,imploring Dhs.1059.(Page 690),11,1
  11588. 389672,en,15,sampatti,sampatti,Sampatti,Sampatti,(f.) [saṁ+patti<sup>2</sup>] 1.success,attainment; happiness,bliss,fortune (opp.<i>vipatti</i>) A.IV,26,160; Vism.58,232; J.IV,3 (dibba°); DA.I,126; three attainments J.I,105; Miln.96; DhA.III,183 (manussa°,devaloka°,nibbāna°); Nett 126 (sīla°,samādhi°,paññā°; cp.sampadā); four VbhA.439 sq.(gati°,upadhi°,kāla°,payoga°); six J.I,105; nine Miln.341.-- 2.excellency,magnificence SnA 397; rūpasampatti beauty J.III,187; IV,333.-- 3.honour Mhvs 22,48.-- 4.prosperity,splendour J.IV,455; Mhvs 38,92; s.bhavaloko Ps.I,122.Cp.samāpatti &#38; sampadā.(Page 690),8,1
  11589. 389681,en,15,sampavanka,sampavaṅka,Sampavaṅka,Sampavaṅka,(adj.) [perhaps saṁ+pari+aṅka<sup>2</sup>,contracted to *payyaṅka›*pavaṅka] intimate,friend D.II,78; S.I,83,87; Pug.36.(Page 691),10,1
  11590. 389684,en,15,sampavankata,sampavaṅkatā,Sampavaṅkatā,Sampavaṅkatā,(f.) [fr.last] connection,friendliness,intimacy S.I,87; A.III,422 (pāpa° &#38; kalyāṇa°); IV,283 sq.; V,24,199; Dhs.1326; Pug.20,24; DhsA.394.Cp.anu° Vin.II,88.(Page 691),12,1
  11591. 389690,en,15,sampavannita,sampavaṇṇita,Sampavaṇṇita,Sampavaṇṇita,(adj.) [saṁ+pa+vaṇṇita] described,praised J.VI,398.(Page 691),12,1
  11592. 389693,en,15,sampavareti,sampavāreti,Sampavāreti,Sampavāreti,[saṁ+pavāreti; cp.BSk.saṁpravārayati Divy 285,310,etc.; AvŚ I.90; MVastu III,142] to cause to accept,to offer,to regale,serve with; ger.sampavāretvā Vin.I,18; II,128; D.I,109; aor.sampavāresi D.II,97.(Page 692),11,1
  11593. 389697,en,15,sampavati,sampavāti,Sampavāti,Sampavāti,[saṁ+pavāti] to blow,to be fragrant M.I,212; J.VI,534; VvA.343 (=Vv 84<sup>32</sup>).(Page 692),9,1
  11594. 389702,en,15,sampavattar,sampavattar,Sampavattar,Sampavattar,[saṁ+pavattar] an instigator A.III,133.(Page 692),11,1
  11595. 389710,en,15,sampavatteti,sampavatteti,Sampavatteti,Sampavatteti,[saṁ+pavatteti] to produce,set going A.III,222 (saṁvāsaṁ); Mhvs 23,75.(Page 692),12,1
  11596. 389716,en,15,sampavayana,sampavāyana,Sampavāyana,Sampavāyana,(nt.) [fr.last] making fragrant VvA.344.(Page 692),11,1
  11597. 389721,en,15,sampavayati,sampavāyati,Sampavāyati,Sampavāyati,[saṁ+pavāyati] to make fragrant,Vv 81<sup>6</sup>,84<sup>32</sup>; VvA.344.(Page 692),11,1
  11598. 389727,en,15,sampavedhati,sampavedhati,Sampavedhati,Sampavedhati,[saṁ+pavedhati] to be shaken violently,to be highly affected Vin.I,12; D.II,12,108; M.I,227; Th.2,231; J.I,25; S.IV,71.-- Caus.<i>sampavedheti</i> to shake violently D.II,108; M.I,253; Nd<sup>1</sup> 316,371 (pp.°pavedhita).(Page 692),12,1
  11599. 389738,en,15,sampavedhin,sampavedhin,Sampavedhin,Sampavedhin,to be shaken Sn.28; Miln.386.(Page 692),11,1
  11600. 389747,en,15,sampayata,sampayāta,Sampayāta,Sampayāta,[saṁ+payāta] gone forth,proceeded Dh.237.(Page 691),9,1
  11601. 389751,en,15,sampayati,sampayāti,Sampayāti,Sampayāti,[saṁ+payāti] to proceed,to go on; inf.sampayātave Sn.834; pp.<i>sampayāta</i>.(Page 691),9,1
  11602. 389755,en,15,sampayati,sampāyati,Sampāyati,Sampāyati,[der<sup>n</sup> not clear; Kern,Toev.I.62=sampādayati; but more likely=sampāyāti,i.e.sam+pa+ā+<i>yā</i>] to be able to explain (DA.I,117:sampādetvā kathetuṁ sakkuṇoti),to agree,to come to terms,succeed D.I,26; II,284; M.I,85,96,472; II,157; A.V,50; S.IV,15,67; V,109; Vin.II,249 (cp.p.364); aor.sampāyāsi M.I,239.Cp.sampayāti.(Page 692),9,1
  11603. 389763,en,15,sampayoga,sampayoga,Sampayoga,Sampayoga,[saṁ+payoga] union,association Vin.I,10; S.V,421; DA.I,96,260.(Page 691),9,1
  11604. 389775,en,15,sampayojeti,sampayojeti,Sampayojeti,Sampayojeti,[saṁ+payojeti] 1.to associate (with) Vin.II,262; M.II,5.-- 2.to quarrel Vin.II,5; S.I,239.-- pp.<i>sampayutta</i>.(Page 691),11,1
  11605. 389787,en,15,sampayutta,sampayutta,Sampayutta,Sampayutta,[saṁ+payutta] associated with,connected Dhs.1; Kvu 337; DhsA.42.<i>--°paccaya</i> the relation of association (opp.vippayutta°) Vism.539; VbhA.206; Tikp 6,20,53,65,152 sq.; Dukp 1 sq.(Page 691),10,1
  11606. 389806,en,15,sampha,sampha,Sampha,Sampha,(adj.-n.) [not clear,if &#38; how connected with Sk.śaśpa,grass.The BSk.has sambhinna-pralāpa for sampha-ppalāpa] frivolous; nt.frivolity,foolishness; only in connection with expressions of talking,as <i>samphaṁ bhāsati</i> to speak frivolously A.II,23; Sn.158; <i>samphaṁ giraṁ bh</i>.J.VI,295; <i>samphaṁ palapati</i> Tikp 167 sq.‹-› Also in cpds.<i>°palāpa</i> frivolous talk D.I,4; III,69,82,175,269; A.I,269 sq.,298; II,60,84,209; III,254,433; IV,248; V,251 sq.,261 sq.; Tikp 168,281; DA.I,76; <i>°palāpin</i> talking frivolously D.I,138; III,82; A.I,298; Pug.39,58.(Page 693),6,1
  11607. 389813,en,15,samphala,samphala,Samphala,Samphala,(adj.) [saṁ+phala] abounding in fruits S.I,70; 90=It.45.(Page 693),8,1
  11608. 389830,en,15,samphassa,samphassa,Samphassa,Samphassa,[saṁ+phassa] contact,reaction Vin.I,3; A.II,117; D.II,62; M.I,85; J.I,502; kāya-s.the touch of the skin D.II,75; cakkhu-,sota-,ghāna-,jivhā-,kāya-,and mano-s.D.II,58,308; S.IV,68 sq.; VbhA.19.(Page 693),9,1
  11609. 389840,en,15,samphulla,samphulla,Samphulla,Samphulla,(adj.) [saṁ+phulla] full-blown J.VI,188.(Page 693),9,1
  11610. 389849,en,15,samphusana,samphusanā,Samphusanā,Samphusanā,(f.) [saṁ+phusanā] touch,contact Th.2,367; Dhs.2,71.(Page 693),10,1
  11611. 389857,en,15,samphusati,samphusati,Samphusati,Samphusati,[saṁ+phusati] to touch,to come in contact with; ppr.samphussaṁ It.68; ppr.med.samphusamāna Sn.671; Nd<sup>2</sup> 199 (reads samphassamāna,where id.p.at M.I,85 has <i>rissamāna</i>); aor.<i>samphusi</i> D.II,128; inf.samphusituṁ Sn.835; D.II,355; pp.<i>samphuṭṭha</i>.(Page 693),10,1
  11612. 389870,en,15,samphusitatta,samphusitatta,Samphusitatta,Samphusitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.samphusita] the state of having been brought into touch with Dhs.2,71.(Page 693),13,1
  11613. 389880,en,15,samphuttha,samphuṭṭha,Samphuṭṭha,Samphuṭṭha,[pp.of samphassati] touched S.IV,97; Av.103; It.68.(Page 693),10,1
  11614. 389883,en,15,sampila,sampīḷa,Sampīḷa,Sampīḷa,(nt.) [saṁ+pīḷa,cp.pīḷā] trouble,pain; asampīḷaṁ free from trouble Miln.351.(Page 692),7,1
  11615. 389892,en,15,sampileti,sampīḷeti,Sampīḷeti,Sampīḷeti,[saṁ+pīḷeti] to press,to pinch,to worry Vin.III,126; pp.<i>sampīḷita</i>.(Page 692),9,1
  11616. 389899,en,15,sampilita,sampīḷita,Sampīḷita,Sampīḷita,[pp.of sampīḷeti] troubled; as nt.,worry,trouble Miln.368.(Page 692),9,1
  11617. 389905,en,15,sampindana,sampiṇḍana,Sampiṇḍana,Sampiṇḍana,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+piṇḍ°] combining,connection,addition Vism.159 (of “ca”); KhA 228 (id.); DhsA.171.(Page 692),10,1
  11618. 389916,en,15,sampindeti,sampiṇḍeti,Sampiṇḍeti,Sampiṇḍeti,[saṁ+piṇḍeti] to knead or ball together,combine,unite Vism.159; KhA 125,221,230; DhsA.177; pp.<i>sampiṇḍita</i>.(Page 692),10,1
  11619. 389922,en,15,sampindita,sampiṇḍita,Sampiṇḍita,Sampiṇḍita,[pp.of sampiṇḍeti] brought together,restored J.I,230; compact,firm J.V,89.(Page 692),10,1
  11620. 389930,en,15,sampineti,sampīṇeti,Sampīṇeti,Sampīṇeti,[saṁ+pīṇeti] to satisfy,gladden,please; aor.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>sampesi</i> J.III,253; ger.<i>sampīṇayitvā</i> Dāvs.IV,11.(Page 692),9,1
  11621. 389939,en,15,sampiya,sampiya,Sampiya,Sampiya,(adj.) [saṁ+piya] friendly; <i>sampiyena</i> by mutual consent,in mutual love Sn.123,290.(Page 692),7,1
  11622. 389948,en,15,sampiyayana,sampiyāyanā,Sampiyāyanā,Sampiyāyanā,(f.) [saṁ+piyāyanā] intimate relation,great fondness J.III,492.(Page 692),11,1
  11623. 389954,en,15,sampiyayati,sampiyāyati,Sampiyāyati,Sampiyāyati,[saṁ+piyāyati] to receive with joy,to treat kindly,address with love J.III,482; ppr.sampiyāyanto J.I,135; sampiyāyamāna (do.) fondling,being fond of D.II,223; J.I,191,297,361; II,85; DhA.II,65.aor.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>sampiyāyiṁsu</i> J.VI,127.(Page 692),11,1
  11624. 389971,en,15,sampucchati,sampucchati,Sampucchati,Sampucchati,[saṁ+pucchati] to ask D.I,116; ger.<i>sampuccha</i> having made an appointment with S.I,176.(Page 692),11,1
  11625. 389983,en,15,sampujeti,sampūjeti,Sampūjeti,Sampūjeti,[saṁ+pūjeti] to venerate Mhvs 30,100.(Page 693),9,1
  11626. 389996,en,15,sampunna,sampuṇṇa,Sampuṇṇa,Sampuṇṇa,(sampūrṇa) filled,full Sn.279; Bu II.119= J.I,20; Mhvs 22,60.(Page 693),8,1
  11627. 390009,en,15,sampupphita,sampupphita,Sampupphita,Sampupphita,[saṁ+pupphita] in full bloom Pv IV.12 (=niccaṁ pupphita PvA.275).(Page 693),11,1
  11628. 390011,en,15,sampurekkharoti,sampurekkharoti,Sampurekkharoti,Sampurekkharoti,[saṁ+purakkharoti] to honour M.II,169.(Page 693),15,1
  11629. 390019,en,15,sampureti,sampūreti,Sampūreti,Sampūreti,[saṁ+pūreti] Pass.<i>pūriyati°</i> to be filled,ended; aor.sampūri (māso,“it was a full month since ...”) J.IV,458.(Page 693),9,1
  11630. 390028,en,15,samputa,sampuṭa,Sampuṭa,Sampuṭa,[cp.saṁ+puṭa (lexicogr.Sk.sampuṭa “round box”) &#38; BSk.sampuṭa in meaning “añjali” at Divy 380,in phrase kṛta-kara-sampuṭah] the hollow of the hand (in posture of veneration),in <i>pāṇi°</i> Mhvs 37,192,i.e.Cūḷavaṁsa (ed.Geiger) p.15.(Page 692),7,1
  11631. 390031,en,15,samputita,sampuṭita,Sampuṭita,Sampuṭita,[saṁ+puṭita = phuṭita,cp.BSk.sampuṭaka MVastu II.127] shrunk,shrivelled M.I,80.(Page 693),9,1
  11632. 390038,en,15,samraga,saṁrāga,Saṁrāga,Saṁrāga,[saṁ+rāga] passion J.IV,22.Cp.<i>sārāga</i>.(Page 656),7,1
  11633. 390051,en,15,samrakkhati,saṁrakkhati,Saṁrakkhati,Saṁrakkhati,[saṁ+rakkhati] to guard,ward off Sdhp.364.(Page 656),11,1
  11634. 390060,en,15,samrambha,saṁrambha,Saṁrambha,Saṁrambha,[saṁ+*rambha,fr.<em>rabh</em>,as in rabhasa (q.v.)] impetuosity,rage Dāvs.IV,34.This is the Sanskritic form for the usual P.<i>sārambha</i>.(Page 656),9,1
  11635. 390069,en,15,samroceti,saṁroceti,Saṁroceti,Saṁroceti,[saṁ+roceti] to find pleasure in,only in aor.(poetical) <i>samarocayi</i> Sn.290,306,405; J.IV,471.(Page 656),9,1
  11636. 390071,en,15,samruhati,saṁrūhati,Saṁrūhati,Saṁrūhati,[saṁ+rūhati] to grow J.IV,429 (=vaḍḍhati).(Page 656),9,1
  11637. 390073,en,15,samrulha,saṁrūḷha,Saṁrūḷha,Saṁrūḷha,[pp.of saṁrūhati] grown together,healed J.III,216; V,344.(Page 656),8,1
  11638. 390080,en,15,samsad,saṁsad,Saṁsad,Saṁsad,(f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>sad</em>] session,assembly; Loc.<i>saṁsati</i> J.III,493 (=parisamajjhe C.),495 (Page 658),6,1
  11639. 390082,en,15,samsaddati,saṁsaddati,Saṁsaddati,Saṁsaddati,[saṁ+<em>śabd</em>] to sound,in def.of root <em>kitt</em> at Dhtp 579; Dhtm 812.(Page 658),10,1
  11640. 390088,en,15,samsadeti,saṁsādeti,Saṁsādeti,Saṁsādeti,Caus.of <i>saṁsīdati</i> (q.v.).(Page 658),9,1
  11641. 390091,en,15,samsadiya,saṁsādiyā,Saṁsādiyā,Saṁsādiyā,(f.) [cp.*Sk.syavaṁ-sātikā,on which see Kern,Toev.II.62,s.v.] a kind of inferior rice J.VI,530.(Page 658),9,1
  11642. 390099,en,15,samsagga,saṁsagga,Saṁsagga,Saṁsagga,[fr.saṁ+<em>sṛj</em>] contact,connection,association Vin.III,120; A.III,293 sq.(°ārāmatā); IV,87 sq.,331; It.70; J.I,376; IV,57; Miln.386; Nd<sup>2</sup> 137; VbhA.340 (an-anulomika°); PvA.5 (pāpamitta°).-- Two kinds of contact at Nd<sup>2</sup> 659:by sight (dassana°) and by hearing (savaṇa°).-- <i>pada°</i> contact of two words,“sandhi” Nd<sup>1</sup> 139; Nd<sup>2</sup> 137 (for iti); SnA 28.--<i>a°</i> S.II,202; Miln.344.<i>--°jāta</i> one who has come into contact Sn.36.(Page 658),8,1
  11643. 390109,en,15,samsameti,saṁsāmeti,Saṁsāmeti,Saṁsāmeti,[Caus.of saṁ+<em>śam</em>] lit.“to smoothe,” to fold up (one’s sleeping mat),to leave (one’s bed),in phrase <i>senāsanaṁ saṁsāmetvā</i> Vin.II,185; IV,24; M.I,457; S.III,95,133; IV,288.(Page 658),9,1
  11644. 390115,en,15,samsandana,saṁsandanā,Saṁsandanā,Saṁsandanā,(f.) [fr.saṁsandati] 1.(lit.) coming together J.VI,414 (v.l.for T.saṁsandita).-- 2.(fig.) import,application,reference,conclusion (lit.“flowing together”) Tikp 264.<i>opamma°</i> application of a simile,“tertium comparationis” Vism.326; DA.I,127.<i>diṭṭha°</i> (pucchā) a question with reference to observation Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.pucchā; DhsA.55.(Page 658),10,1
  11645. 390121,en,15,samsandati,saṁsandati,Saṁsandati,Saṁsandati,[saṁ+<em>syand</em>,cp.BSk.saṁsyandati AvŚ II.142 sq.,188] to run together,to associate D.I,248; II,223; S.II,158=It.70; S.IV,379; Pug.32.-- Caus.<i>saṁsandeti</i> to put together; unite,combine J.I,403; V,216; Miln.131; DhA.II,12; IV,51.(Page 658),10,1
  11646. 390140,en,15,samsanna,saṁsanna,Saṁsanna,Saṁsanna,[pp.of saṁsīdati or saṁsandati] depressed,exhausted Dh.280 (=osanna DhA.III,410:see <i>ossanna</i>).(Page 658),8,1
  11647. 390145,en,15,samsappa,saṁsappa,Saṁsappa,Saṁsappa,(adj.) [fr.saṁ+<em>sṛp</em>] creeping A.V,289.(Page 658),8,1
  11648. 390154,en,15,samsappaniyapariyaya,saṁsappaniyapariyāya,Saṁsappaniyapariyāya,Saṁsappaniyapariyāya,the creeping exposition,a discussion of the consequences of certain kinds of kamma,A.V,288 sq.(Page 658),20,1
  11649. 390159,en,15,samsappati,saṁsappati,Saṁsappati,Saṁsappati,[saṁ+sappati] to creep along,to crawl,move A.V,289; VvA.278; DhA.IV,49.(Page 658),10,1
  11650. 390166,en,15,samsappin,saṁsappin,Saṁsappin,Saṁsappin,(adj.)=<i>saṁsappa</i> A.IV,172.(Page 658),9,1
  11651. 390175,en,15,samsara,saṁsāra,Saṁsāra,Saṁsāra,[fr.saṁsarati] 1.transmigration,lit.faring on D.I,54; II,206 (here=existence); M.I,81 (saṁsārena suddhi); S.II,178 sq.; A.I,10; II,12=52; Sn.517; Dh.60; J.I,115; Pv.II,13<sup>11</sup>; Vism.544 (in detail),578,603 (°assa kāraka); PvA.63,243.For description of <i>saṁsāra</i> (its endlessness &#38; inevitableness) see e.g.S.II,178,184 sq.,263; III,149 sq.; VbhA.134 (anta-virahita) &#38; <i>anamatagga</i> (to which add refs.VbhA.45,182,259,260).-- 2.moving on,circulation:<i>vacī°</i> exchange of words A.I,79.<br><br> <i>--cakka</i> [cp.BSk.saṁsāra-cakra] the wheel of tr.Vism.198,201; VvA.105=PvA.7.<i>--dukkha</i> the ill of tr.Vism.531; VbhA.145,149.<i>--bhaya</i> fear of tr.VbhA.199.<i>--sāgara</i> the ocean of tr.J.III,241.(Page 658),7,1
  11652. 390191,en,15,samsarana,saṁsaraṇa,Saṁsaraṇa,Saṁsaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>sṛ</em>] 1.moving about,running; <i>°lohita</i> blood in circulation (opp.<i>sannicita°</i>) Vism.261; KhA 62; VbhA.245.-- 2.a movable curtain,a blind that can be drawn aside Vin.II,153.(Page 658),9,1
  11653. 390209,en,15,samsarati,saṁsarati,Saṁsarati,Saṁsarati,[saṁ+sarati,of <em>sṛ</em>] to move about continuously,to come again and again J.I,335.-- 2.to go through one life after the other,to transmigrate D.I,14; DA.I,105; ppr.<i>saṁsaranto (</i>&<i> saṁsaraṁ)</i> S.III,149; IV,439; It.109; PvA.166; med.<i>saṁsaramāna</i> Vv 19<sup>7</sup>; ger.<i>°saritvā</i> S.III,212; Pug.16.-- pp.<i>saṁsarita </i>&<i> saṁsita</i>.(Page 658),9,1
  11654. 390220,en,15,samsarita,saṁsarita,Saṁsarita,Saṁsarita,[pp.of saṁsarati] transmigrated D.II,90; A.II,1; Th.2,496.a° M.I,82.(Page 658),9,1
  11655. 390227,en,15,samsati,saṁsati,Saṁsati,Saṁsati,[Vedic śaṁsati,cp.Av.saṁhaiti to proclaim,Lat.censeo=censure; Obulg.qom to say] to proclaim,point out J.V,77; VI,533; Pot.<i>saṁse</i> J.VI,181; aor.<i>asaṁsi</i> J.III,420; IV,395; V,66; &#38; <i>asāsī</i> (Sk.aśaṁsīt) J.III,484.Cp.abhi°.(Page 658),7,1
  11656. 390236,en,15,samsatta,saṁsatta,Saṁsatta,Saṁsatta,[pp.of saṁ+<em>sañj</em>] adhering,clinging D.I,239 (paramparā°).(Page 658),8,1
  11657. 390244,en,15,samsattha,saṁsaṭṭha,Saṁsaṭṭha,Saṁsaṭṭha,[pp.of saṁ+<em>sṛj</em>] 1.mixed with (Instr.),associating with,joined M.I,480 (opp.vi°); A.III,109,116,258 sq.,393; PvA.47.-- 2.living in society Vin.I,200; II,4; IV,239,294; D.II,214; Kvu 337=DhsA.42; Dhs.1193; J.II,105; DhsA.49,72.--<i>a°</i> not given to society M.I,214; S.I,63; Miln.244; Vism.73.(Page 658),9,1
  11658. 390254,en,15,samsava,saṁsava,Saṁsava,Saṁsava,[fr.saṁ+<em>sru</em>] flowing VvA.227.(Page 658),7,1
  11659. 390256,en,15,samsavaka,saṁsavaka,Saṁsavaka,Saṁsavaka,[fr.saṁsava] N.of a purgatory Vv 52<sup>12</sup>,cp.VvA.226 sq.(Page 658),9,1
  11660. 390258,en,15,samsaveti,saṁsaveti,Saṁsaveti,Saṁsaveti,Saṁsāveti [fr.saṁ+<em>sru</em>] to cause to flow together,to pour into (Loc.),to put in J.V,268 (=pakkhipati C.).(Page 658),9,1
  11661. 390265,en,15,samsaya,saṁsaya,Saṁsaya,Saṁsaya,[cp.Vedic saṁśaya] doubt A.II,24; Nd<sup>2</sup> 660 (=vicikicchā etc.); Miln.94; Dhs.425.(Page 658),7,1
  11662. 390272,en,15,samsayati,saṁsāyati,Saṁsāyati,Saṁsāyati,[saṁ+sāyati,which stands for sādati (of <i>svad</i> to sweeten).On y›d cp.khāyita›khādita &#38; saṅkhāyita] to taste,enjoy J.III,201 (aor.samasāyisuṁ:so read for samāsāsisuṁ).(Page 658),9,1
  11663. 390274,en,15,samsayita,saṁsayita,Saṁsayita,Saṁsayita,(nt.) [pp.of saṁsayati=saṁ+seti of <em>śi</em><i>;</i> in meaning=saṁsaya] doubt Dāvs.I,50.(Page 658),9,1
  11664. 390279,en,15,samseda,saṁseda,Saṁseda,Saṁseda,[saṁ+seda] sweat,moisture M.I,73; ThA.185.<br><br> <i>--ja</i> [cp.BSk saṁsvedaja Divy 627] born or arisen from moisture D.III,230; Miln.128; KhA 247; VbhA.161.(Page 659),7,1
  11665. 390295,en,15,samseva,saṁseva,Saṁseva,Saṁseva,(adj.) [fr.saṁ+<em>sev</em>] associating A.II,245; V,113 sq.(sappurisa° &#38; asappurisa°); Miln.93.(Page 659),7,1
  11666. 390299,en,15,samseva,saṁsevā,Saṁsevā,Saṁsevā,(f.) [fr.saṁseva] worshipping,attending Miln.93 (sneha°).(Page 659),7,1
  11667. 390306,en,15,samsevana,saṁsevanā,Saṁsevanā,Saṁsevanā,(f.) [fr.saṁsevati] associating Dhs.1326=Pug.20.(Page 659),9,1
  11668. 390324,en,15,samsevin,saṁsevin,Saṁsevin,Saṁsevin,(adj.)=saṁseva J.I,488.(Page 659),8,1
  11669. 390326,en,15,samsevita,saṁsevita,Saṁsevita,Saṁsevita,[saṁ+sevita] frequented,inhabited J.VI,539.(Page 659),9,1
  11670. 390339,en,15,samsibbita,saṁsibbita,Saṁsibbita,Saṁsibbita,[pp.of saṁ+sibbati] entwined Vism.1; Miln.102,148; DhA.III,198.(Page 659),10,1
  11671. 390343,en,15,samsida,saṁsīda,Saṁsīda,Saṁsīda,[fr.saṁsīdati] sinking (down) S.IV,180 (v.l.saṁsāda).(Page 659),7,1
  11672. 390350,en,15,samsidana,saṁsīdana,Saṁsīdana,Saṁsīdana,(nt.) [fr.saṁsīdati]=saṁsīda Th.1,572 (ogha°).(Page 659),9,1
  11673. 390358,en,15,samsidati,saṁsīdati,Saṁsīdati,Saṁsīdati,[saṁ+<em>sad</em>] 1.to sink down,to lose heart D.I,248; A.III,89=Pug.65; Th.1,681; J.II,330.-- 2.to be at an end (said of a path,magga) Vin.III,131; S.I,1.-- Caus.<i>saṁsādeti:</i> 1.to get tired,give out M.I,214; A.I,288.‹-› 2.to drop,fail in A.IV,398 (pañhaṁ,i.e.not answer).-- 3.to place DA.I,49.(Page 659),9,1
  11674. 390367,en,15,samsiddhi,saṁsiddhi,Saṁsiddhi,Saṁsiddhi,(f.) [saṁ+siddhi] success Dhtp 420.(Page 659),9,1
  11675. 390378,en,15,samsijjhati,saṁsijjhati,Saṁsijjhati,Saṁsijjhati,[saṁ+<em>sidh</em>] to be fulfilled Sdhp.451.(Page 659),11,1
  11676. 390389,en,15,samsina,saṁsīna,Saṁsīna,Saṁsīna,[saṁ+sīna,pp.of <em>śṛ</em> to crush,Sk.śīrṇa] fallen off,destroyed Sn.44 (°patta without leaves=patita-patta C.).(Page 659),7,1
  11677. 390396,en,15,samsita,saṁsita,Saṁsita,Saṁsita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of saṁ+<em>śri</em>] dependent Sdhp.306.(Page 659),7,1
  11678. 390397,en,15,samsita,saṁsita,Saṁsita,Saṁsita,<sup>1</sup> =saṁsarita J.V,56 (cira-ratta°=carita anuciṇṇa C.).(Page 659),7,1
  11679. 390406,en,15,samsucaka,saṁsūcaka,Saṁsūcaka,Saṁsūcaka,(adj.) [fr.saṁsūceti] indicating VvA.244,302.(Page 659),9,1
  11680. 390410,en,15,samsuceti,saṁsūceti,Saṁsūceti,Saṁsūceti,[saṁ+sūcay°,denom.fr.sūci] to indicate,show,betray Dāvs.V,50; DA.I,311.(Page 659),9,1
  11681. 390417,en,15,samsuddha,saṁsuddha,Saṁsuddha,Saṁsuddha,(adj.) [saṁ+suddha] pure D.I,113; Sn.372,1107; Nd<sup>1</sup> 289; Nd<sup>2</sup> 661; J.I,2.<br><br> <i>--gahaṇika</i> of pure descent D.I,113; DA.I,281.(Page 659),9,1
  11682. 390426,en,15,samsuddhi,saṁsuddhi,Saṁsuddhi,Saṁsuddhi,(f.) [saṁ+suddhi) purification Sn.788; Nd<sup>1</sup> 84.(Page 659),9,1
  11683. 390433,en,15,samsumbhati,saṁsumbhati,Saṁsumbhati,Saṁsumbhati,[saṁ+sumbhati] to beat J.VI,53,88 (°amāna).(Page 659),11,1
  11684. 390443,en,15,samubbahati,samubbahati,Samubbahati,Samubbahati,[saṁ+ubbahati<sup>2</sup>] to carry Dāvs III,3; V,35; ppr.<i>samubbahanto</i> J.VI,21 (making display of).(Page 688),11,1
  11685. 390464,en,15,samubbhuta,samubbhūta,Samubbhūta,Samubbhūta,[saṁ+ud+bhūta] borne from,produced from Dāvs II.25.(Page 688),10,1
  11686. 390472,en,15,samuccaya,samuccaya,Samuccaya,Samuccaya,[saṁ+uccaya] collection,accumulation J.II,235 (the signification of the particle vā); SnA 266 (id.).-- samuccaya-kkhandhaka the third section of Cullavagga Vin.II,38--72.(Page 687),9,1
  11687. 390481,en,15,samucchaka,samucchaka,Samucchaka,Samucchaka,see samuñchaka.(Page 687),10,1
  11688. 390484,en,15,samucchati,samucchati,Samucchati,Samucchati,[derivation and meaning uncertain; Windisch,Buddha’s Geburt,p.39,n.1 derives it fr.saṁ+mucchati.Cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 157] to be consolidated,to arise samucchissatha (Conditional) D.II,63.(Page 687),10,1
  11689. 390489,en,15,samuccheda,samuccheda,Samuccheda,Samuccheda,[saṁ+uccheda] cutting off,abolishing,giving up M.I,360; KhA 142; sammā s.Ps.I,101; °pahāna relinquishing by extirpation Vism.5; SnA 9; °maraṇa dying by extirpation (of saṁsāra) Vism.229; °visuddhi Ps.II,3; °suññaṁ Ps.ii.180.(Page 687),10,1
  11690. 390505,en,15,samucchindati,samucchindati,Samucchindati,Samucchindati,[saṁ+ucchindati] to extirpate,abolish,spoil,give up D.I,34; II,74; M.I,101 sq.,360; J.IV,63.‹-› pp.<i>samucchinna</i>.(Page 687),13,1
  11691. 390516,en,15,samucchinna,samucchinna,Samucchinna,Samucchinna,[saṁ+ucchinna] cut off,extirpated D.I,34.(Page 687),11,1
  11692. 390525,en,15,samucchita,samucchita,Samucchita,Samucchita,[saṁ+mucchita] infatuated S.I,187; IV,71; Th.1,1219.It is better to read <i>pamucchita</i> at all passages.(Page 687),10,1
  11693. 390533,en,15,samucita,samucita,Samucita,Samucita,[saṁ+ucita,pp.of <em>uc</em> to be pleased] suitable Vin.IV,147 (must mean something else here,perhaps “hurt,” or “frightened”) Dāvs.V,55.(Page 687),8,1
  11694. 390539,en,15,samudacara,samudācāra,Samudācāra,Samudācāra,[saṁ+ud+ācāra] behaviour,practice,habit,familiarity J.IV,22; SnA 6; DhsA.392; PvA.279.(Page 688),10,1
  11695. 390553,en,15,samudacarati,samudācarati,Samudācarati,Samudācarati,[saṁ+ud+ācarati] 1.to be current,to be in use M.I,40 (=kāya-vacī-dvāraṁ sampatta s.MA 182).-- 2.to occur to,to befall,beset,assail M.I,109,112,453; S.II,273; It.31; Vism.343.-- 3.to behave towards,to converse with (Instr.),to address Vin.I,9; D.II,154,192; A.III,124,131; IV,415,440; V,103; J.I,192.-- 4.to practise J.II,33 (aor.°ācariṁsu).-- 5.to claim,to boast of Vin.III,91.-- pp.<i>samudāciṇṇa</i>.(Page 688),12,1
  11696. 390564,en,15,samudacaritatta,samudācaritatta,Samudācaritatta,Samudācaritatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.samudācarita,pp.of samudācarati] practice Miln.59.(Page 688),15,1
  11697. 390572,en,15,samudacinna,samudāciṇṇa,Samudāciṇṇa,Samudāciṇṇa,[pp.of samudācarati] practised,indulged in J.II,33; Tikp 320.(Page 688),11,1
  11698. 390579,en,15,samudagacchati,samudāgacchati,Samudāgacchati,Samudāgacchati,[saṁ+udāgacchati] to result,rise; to be got,to be at hand D.I,116; M.I,104.-- pp.<i>samudāgata</i>.(Page 687),14,1
  11699. 390585,en,15,samudagama,samudāgama,Samudāgama,Samudāgama,[saṁ+ud+āgama] beginning J.I,2.(Page 687),10,1
  11700. 390591,en,15,samudagata,samudāgata,Samudāgata,Samudāgata,[pp.of last] arisen,resulted; received S.II,24; Sn.648 (=āgata C.).(Page 687),10,1
  11701. 390597,en,15,samudahara,samudāhāra,Samudāhāra,Samudāhāra,[saṁ+udāhāra,cp.BSk.samudāhāra Divy 143] talk,conversation Miln.344; <i>piya°</i> A.V,24,27,90,201,339; ThA.226.(Page 688),10,1
  11702. 390617,en,15,samudanaya,samudānaya,Samudānaya,Samudānaya,(adj.) [grd.of samudāneti] to be procured or attained J.III,313 (su°).(Page 688),10,1
  11703. 390621,en,15,samudaneti,samudāneti,Samudāneti,Samudāneti,[saṁ+ud+āneti; cp.BSk.samudānayati Divy 26,50,490; AvŚ I.199] to collect,procure,attain,get M.I,104; Sn.295.-- pp.<i>°ānīta</i>.(Page 688),10,1
  11704. 390623,en,15,samudanita,samudānīta,Samudānīta,Samudānīta,[pp.of samudāneti,cp.BSk.samudānīta MVastu I.231] collected,procured J.IV,177.(Page 688),10,1
  11705. 390625,en,15,samudavata,samudāvaṭa,Samudāvaṭa,Samudāvaṭa,[saṁ+ud+āvaṭa? Better read as saṁ+ udāvatta] restrained DhsA.75.(Page 688),10,1
  11706. 390632,en,15,samudaya,samudaya,Samudaya,Samudaya,[saṁ+udaya] 1.rise,origin D.I,17; II,33,308; III,227; A.I,263 (kamma°); Vin.I,10; Sn.p.135; It.16 (samuddaya metri causa) etc.<i>dukkha°</i> the origin of ill,the second ariya-sacca,e.g.D.III,136; A.I,177; Vism.495 (where samudaya is expl<sup>d</sup> in its parts as sam+ u+aya); VbhA.124.-- 2.bursting forth,effulgence (pabhā°) J.I,83.- 3.produce,revenue D.I,227.(Page 687),8,1
  11707. 390639,en,15,samudaya,samudāya,Samudāya,Samudāya,[fr.saṁ+ud+ā+<em>i</em>] multitude,quantity VvA.175; the whole VvA.276.(Page 688),8,1
  11708. 390665,en,15,samudda,samudda,Samudda,Samudda,[cp.Vedic samudra,fr.saṁ+udra,water] a (large) quantity of water,e.g.the Gaṅges; the sea,the ocean D.I,222; M.I,493; A.I,243; II,48 sq.; III,240; D.III,196,198; S.I,6,32,67; J.I,230; IV,167,172; Dh.127; Nd<sup>1</sup> 353; SnA 30; PvA.47,104,133,271; explained by adding sāgara,S.II,32; four oceans S.II,180,187; ThA.111.Often characterized as mahā° the great ocean,e.g.Vin.II,237; A.I,227; II,55; III,52; IV,101; SnA 371; DhA.III,44.Eight qualities:A.IV,198,206; popular etymology Miln.85 sq.(viz.“yattakaṁ udakaṁ tattakaṁ loṇaṁ,” and vice versa); the eye etc.(the senses),an ocean which engulfs all beings S.IV,157 (samudda=mahā udakarāsi).-- Cp.sāmuddika.<br><br> <i>--akkhāyikā</i> (f.) tales about the origin of the sea,cosmogony Vin.I,188; M.I,513 sq.; D.I,8; DA.I,91.<i>--ṭṭhaka</i> situated in the ocean J.VI,158.<i>--vīci</i> a wave of the ocean Vism.63.(Page 688),7,1
  11709. 390669,en,15,samudda,sāmudda,Sāmudda,Sāmudda,(nt.) [fr.samudda] sea salt Vin.I,202; Abhp 461.(Page 705),7,1
  11710. 390705,en,15,samuddaya,samuddaya,Samuddaya,Samuddaya,metri causa instead of samudaya It.16,52.(Page 688),9,1
  11711. 390715,en,15,samuddharana,samuddharana,Samuddharana,Samuddharana,(nt.) [saṁ+uddharaṇa] pulling out,salvation Miln.232.(Page 688),12,1
  11712. 390721,en,15,samuddharati,samuddharati,Samuddharati,Samuddharati,[saṁ+uddharati] to take out or away; to lift up,carry away,save from; aor.<i>samuddhari</i> J.VI,271; <i>samuddhāsi</i> (aor.thus read instead of samuṭṭhāsi) J.V,70.(Page 688),12,1
  11713. 390731,en,15,samuddhata,samuddhaṭa,Samuddhaṭa,Samuddhaṭa,[saṁ+uddhaṭa] pulled out,eradicated Mhvs 59,15; J.VI,309; Sdhp.143.(Page 688),10,1
  11714. 390739,en,15,samuddika,sāmuddika,Sāmuddika,Sāmuddika,(adj.) [fr.samudda] seafaring D.I,222; S.III,155; A.III,368 (vāṇijā); IV,127 (nāvā); Vism.63; DhsA.320.At J.VI,581 s.-mahāsaṅkha denotes a kind of trumpet.(Page 705),9,1
  11715. 390752,en,15,samudeti,samudeti,Samudeti,Samudeti,[saṁ+udeti] to arise; pres.<i>samudayati</i> (v.l.samudīyati) S.II,78; <i>samudeti</i> A.III,338; pp.<i>samudita</i>.(Page 688),8,1
  11716. 390756,en,15,samudikkhati,samudikkhati,Samudikkhati,Samudikkhati,[saṁ+udikkhati] to behold ThA.147 (Ap.V,52).(Page 688),12,1
  11717. 390764,en,15,samudirana,samudīraṇa,Samudīraṇa,Samudīraṇa,(nt.) [saṁ+udīraṇa in meaning udīreti 1] moving M.I,119; D.I,76; Vism.365; DhsA.307.(Page 688),10,1
  11718. 390780,en,15,samudirita,samudīrita,Samudīrita,Samudīrita,[saṁ+udīrita] uttered J.VI,17.(Page 688),10,1
  11719. 390787,en,15,samudita,samudita,Samudita,Samudita,[saṁ+udita<sup>1</sup>] 1.arisen Dāvs.V,4.-- 2.excited S.I,136.-- 3.united VvA.321.(Page 688),8,1
  11720. 390796,en,15,samugga,samugga,Samugga,Samugga,[Class.Sk.samudga] a box,basket J.I,265,372,383; Miln.153,247; Sdhp.360 (read samuggābhaṁ).Samugga-jātaka the 436th Jātaka J.III,527 sq.(called Karaṇḍaka-Jātaka ibid.; V,455).(Page 687),7,1
  11721. 390814,en,15,samuggahita,samuggahīta,Samuggahīta,Samuggahīta,[pp.of samuggaṇhāti] seized,taken up Sn.352,785,801,837,907; Nd<sup>1</sup> 76,100,193.(Page 687),11,1
  11722. 390820,en,15,samuggama,samuggama,Samuggama,Samuggama,[saṁ+uggama] rise,origin VbhA.21 (twofold,of the khandhas).(Page 687),9,1
  11723. 390829,en,15,samugganhati,samuggaṇhāti,Samuggaṇhāti,Samuggaṇhāti,[saṁ+uggaṇhati] to seize,grasp,embrace; ger.<i>samuggahāya</i> Sn.797; Nd<sup>1</sup> 105.-- pp.<i>samuggahīta</i>.(Page 687),12,1
  11724. 390838,en,15,samuggata,samuggata,Samuggata,Samuggata,[saṁ+uggata] arisen VvA.280; J.IV,403 (text samuggagata).(Page 687),9,1
  11725. 390849,en,15,samugghata,samugghāta,Samugghāta,Samugghāta,[saṁ+ugghāta; BSk.samudghāṭa Lal.Vist.36,571] uprooting,abolishing,removal D.I,135; M.I,136; A.II,34; III,407; V,198; S.II,263; III,131; IV,31; Vin.I,107,110; J.III,397.(Page 687),10,1
  11726. 390853,en,15,samugghataka,samugghātaka,Samugghātaka,Samugghātaka,(adj.) [fr.last] removing Miln.278.(Page 687),12,1
  11727. 390868,en,15,samugghatita,samugghātita,Samugghātita,Samugghātita,[pp.of samugghāteti,see samūhanati] abolished,completely removed; nt.abstr.<i>°tta</i> Miln.101.(Page 687),12,1
  11728. 390881,en,15,samuggirati,samuggirati,Samuggirati,Samuggirati,[saṁ+uggirati] to throw out,eject VvA.199; to cry aloud Dāvs.V,29.(Page 687),11,1
  11729. 390891,en,15,samuha,samūha,Samūha,Samūha,[fr.saṁ+<em>vah</em>,<em> uh</em>] multitude,mass,aggregation Nett 195; PvA.49,127,157 (=gaṇa),200 (id.).(Page 689),6,1
  11730. 390901,en,15,samuhanati,samūhanati,Samūhanati,Samūhanati,[saṁ+ūhanati<sup>2</sup>] to remove,to abolish Vin.I,110; D.I,135 sq.(°hanissati); II,91=S.V,432; M.I,47; II,193; S.V,76; J.I,374=Sn.360; Sn.14,369,1076; sikkhāpadaṁ Vin.III,23; D.II,154; uposathāgāraṁ to discontinue using a Vihāra as an Uposathāgāra Vin.I,107; sīmaṁ to remove the boundary Vin.I,110.Pres.also <i>samūhanti</i> S.III,156; Pot.<i>samūhaneyya</i> Vin.I,110; imper.<i>samūhantu</i> D.II,154; &#38; °ūhanatu Miln.143; ger.<i>samūhanitvā</i> M.I,47; Vin.I,107; a° M.III,285; inf.<i>samugghātuṁ</i> Mhvs 37,32; grd.<i>samūhantabba</i> Vin.I,107.-- Caus.II.<i>samugghātāpeti</i> to cause to be removed,i.e.to put to death Miln.193; <i>samūhanāpeti</i> Miln.142.‹-› pp.<i>samūhata</i> &#38; (Caus.) <i>samugghātita</i>.(Page 689),10,1
  11731. 390910,en,15,samuhata,samūhata,Samūhata,Samūhata,[pp.of samūhanati] taken out,removed D.I,136; S.III,131; Th.1,<i>604;</i> Dh.250; Sn.14,360; It.83; J.IV,345 (Kern,wrongly,“combined”).(Page 689),8,1
  11732. 390915,en,15,samuhatatta,samūhatatta,Samūhatatta,Samūhatatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.samūhata] abolition M.III,151.(Page 689),11,1
  11733. 390919,en,15,samuheti,samūheti,Samūheti,Samūheti,[Caus.of saṁ+<em>uh</em><i>=</i><em>vah</em>] to gather,collect Mhvs 37,245.(Page 689),8,1
  11734. 390928,en,15,samujjala,samujjala,Samujjala,Samujjala,(adj.) [saṁ+ujjala] resplendent J.I,89,92 (pañcavaṇṇa-vattha°).raṁsi-jāla° resplendent with the blaze of rays VvA.12,14,166.(Page 687),9,1
  11735. 390942,en,15,samujju,samujju,Samujju,Samujju,(adj.) [saṁ+uju] straightforward,perfect Sn.352; S.IV,196 (text saṁmuju).(Page 687),7,1
  11736. 390946,en,15,samukkacana,samukkācanā,Samukkācanā,Samukkācanā,=ukkācanā Vbh.352; Vism.23.(Page 687),11,1
  11737. 390952,en,15,samukkamsati,samukkaṁsati,Samukkaṁsati,Samukkaṁsati,[saṁ+ukkaṁsati] to extol,to praise Sn.132,438; M.I,498.-- pp.<i>samukkaṭṭha</i>.(Page 687),12,1
  11738. 390962,en,15,samukkamsika,sāmukkaṁsika,Sāmukkaṁsika,Sāmukkaṁsika,(adj.) [fr.samukkaṁsati,cp.ukkaṁsaka.The BSk.is sāmutkarṣikī dharmadeśanā Divy 617] exalting,praising (i.e.the 4 truths),as much as “standard.” Kern,Toev.II.64,takes it to mean “condensed,given in brief.” Usually in phrase <i>°ikā dhammadesanā</i> (thus as f.of <i>°aka</i>!) e.g.Vin.I,16,18; II,156; D.I,110; M.I,380; A.IV,186; V,194; DA.I,277 (expl<sup>d</sup>); ThA.137; PvA.38,195; VvA.50.Only once with <i>ñāṇa</i> at DhsA.9.(Page 705),12,1
  11739. 390971,en,15,samukkattha,samukkaṭṭha,Samukkaṭṭha,Samukkaṭṭha,[saṁ+ukkaṭṭha] exalted A.IV,293; Th.1,632.(Page 687),11,1
  11740. 390980,en,15,samukkhetita,samukkheṭita,Samukkheṭita,Samukkheṭita,[saṁ+ukkheṭita] despised,rejected Vin.III,95; IV,27.(Page 687),12,1
  11741. 390988,en,15,samulaka,samūlaka,Samūlaka,Samūlaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+mūla+ka] including the root Th.2 385; ThA.256.(Page 689),8,1
  11742. 390994,en,15,samullapa,samullāpa,Samullāpa,Samullāpa,[=last] conversation,talk Miln.351.(Page 688),9,1
  11743. 391000,en,15,samullapana,samullapana,Samullapana,Samullapana,(nt.) [saṁ+ullapana] talking (with),conversation SnA 71.(Page 688),11,1
  11744. 391011,en,15,samullapati,samullapati,Samullapati,Samullapati,[saṁ+ullapati] to talk,converse Vin.III,187; PvA.237; ppr.<i>samullapanto</i> J.III,49.(Page 688),11,1
  11745. 391023,en,15,samunchaka,samuñchaka,Samuñchaka,Samuñchaka,(adj.) [saṁ+uncha+ka] only as nt.adv.°ṁ gleaning,(living) by gleaning S.I,19; J.IV,466 (°ṁ carati).(Page 687),10,1
  11746. 391028,en,15,samunna,samunna,Samunna,Samunna,[saṁ+unna] moistened,wet,immersed S.IV,158; cp.the similar passage A.II,211 with ref.to taṇhā as a snare (pariyonaddha).(Page 688),7,1
  11747. 391036,en,15,samunnameti,samunnameti,Samunnameti,Samunnameti,[saṁ+unnameti] to raise,elevate,Th.1,29.(Page 688),11,1
  11748. 391046,en,15,samupabbulha,samupabbūḷha,Samupabbūḷha,Samupabbūḷha,[saṁ+upa+viyūḷha] set up; heaped,massed,in full swing (of a battle),crowded M.I,253; D.II,285; S.I,98; Miln.292; J.I,89.(Page 688),12,1
  11749. 391050,en,15,samupadika,samupādika,Samupādika,Samupādika,being on a level with the water Miln.237 (Trenckner conjectures samupodika).The better reading,however,is samupp°,sama=peace,quiet,thus “producing quiet,” calm.(Page 688),10,1
  11750. 391056,en,15,samupagacchati,samupagacchati,Samupagacchati,Samupagacchati,[saṁ+upagacchati] to approach Miln.209.(Page 688),14,1
  11751. 391060,en,15,samupagacchati,samupāgacchati,Samupāgacchati,Samupāgacchati,[saṁ+upāgacchati] to come to; aor.samupāgami Mhvs 36,91; pp.<i>samupāgata</i>.(Page 688),14,1
  11752. 391083,en,15,samupagata,samupāgata,Samupāgata,Samupāgata,[saṁ+upāgata] come to,arrived at Mhvs 37,115; 38,12; J.VI,282; Sdhp.324.(Page 688),10,1
  11753. 391086,en,15,samupajaneti,samupajaneti,Samupajaneti,Samupajaneti,[saṁ+upa+janeti] to produce; °janiyamāna (ppr.pass.) Nett 195.(Page 688),12,1
  11754. 391091,en,15,samupama,samupama,Samupama,Samupama,[saṁ+upama] resembling Mhvs 37,68; also <i>samūpama</i> J.I,146; V,155; VI,534.(Page 688),8,1
  11755. 391097,en,15,samuparulha,samuparūḷha,Samuparūḷha,Samuparūḷha,[saṁ+uparūḷha] ascended Dāvs.IV,42.(Page 688),11,1
  11756. 391098,en,15,samupasanta,samūpasanta,Samūpasanta,Samūpasanta,[saṁ+upasanta] is v.l.for su-vūpasanta (?) “calmed,” at KhA 21.(Page 689),11,1
  11757. 391104,en,15,samupasobhita,samupasobhita,Samupasobhita,Samupasobhita,[saṁ+upasobhita] adorned Miln.2.(Page 688),13,1
  11758. 391108,en,15,samupatthahati,samupaṭṭhahati,Samupaṭṭhahati,Samupaṭṭhahati,[saṁ+upaṭṭhahati] to serve,help; pres.<i>samupaṭṭhāti</i> Sdhp.283; aor.<i>samupaṭṭhahi</i> Mhvs 33,95.(Page 688),14,1
  11759. 391118,en,15,samupeta,samupeta,Samupeta,Samupeta,[saṁ+upeta] endowed with,Miln.352.(Page 688),8,1
  11760. 391127,en,15,samuppada,samuppāda,Samuppāda,Samuppāda,[saṁ+uppāda] origin,arising,genesis,coming to be,production Vin.II,96; S.III,16 sq.; It.17; A.III,406 (dhamma°); J.VI,223 (anilūpana-samuppāda,v.read,°-samuppāta,“swift as the wind”); Vism.521 (sammā &#38; saha uppajjati=samuppāda).Cp.paṭicca°.(Page 688),9,1
  11761. 391136,en,15,samuppajjati,samuppajjati,Samuppajjati,Samuppajjati,[saṁ+uppajjati] to arise,to be produced S.IV,218; pp.<i>samuppanna</i>.(Page 688),12,1
  11762. 391144,en,15,samuppanna,samuppanna,Samuppanna,Samuppanna,[saṁ+uppanna] arisen,produced,come about Sn.168,599; Dhs.1035.(Page 688),10,1
  11763. 391151,en,15,samuppatti,samuppatti,Samuppatti,Samuppatti,(f.) origin,arising S.IV,218.(Page 688),10,1
  11764. 391156,en,15,samupphosita,samupphosita,Samupphosita,Samupphosita,[saṁ+ud+phosita] sprinkled J.VI,481.(Page 688),12,1
  11765. 391160,en,15,samuppilava,samuppilava,Samuppilava,Samuppilava,(adj.) [fr.saṁ+uppilavati] jumping or bubbling up Sn.670 (°āso Nom.pl.).(Page 688),11,1
  11766. 391174,en,15,samussahita,samussāhita,Samussāhita,Samussāhita,[saṁ+ussāhita] instigated VvA.105.(Page 689),11,1
  11767. 391189,en,15,samussapita,samussāpita,Samussāpita,Samussāpita,[saṁ+ussāpita] lifted,raised J.III,408.(Page 689),11,1
  11768. 391196,en,15,samussaya,samussaya,Samussaya,Samussaya,[saṁ+ud+<em>śri</em>,cp.BSk.samucchraya “body,” Divy 70=AvŚ I.162] 1.accumulation,complex A.II,42= It.48; It.34; bhassasamuccaya,grandiloquence Sn.245; --2.complex form,the body D.II,157=S.I,148; Vv35<sup>12</sup> (=sarīra VvA.164); Dh.351; Th.1,202 (“confluence,” i.e.of the 5 factors,trsl<sup>n</sup>); Th.2,22,270; DhA.IV,70; ThA.98,212; rūpasamussaya the same Th.2,102; cp.samuccaya.(Page 688),9,1
  11769. 391202,en,15,samusseti,samusseti,Samusseti,Samusseti,[saṁ+ud+<em>śri</em>] to raise,lift up,Pot.<i>samusseyya</i> A.I,199 (here=to be grandiloquent).-- pp.<i>samussita</i>.(Page 689),9,1
  11770. 391210,en,15,samussita,samussita,Samussita,Samussita,[saṁ+ussita] 1.elevated,erected J.III,497.‹-› 2.arrogant,proud,haughty Dh.147 (interpreted at DhA.III,109 as “compounded,” i.e.the body made up of 300 bones); A.I,199; SnA 288 (°ṁ bhassaṁ high and mighty talk).(Page 689),9,1
  11771. 391223,en,15,samuttarati,samuttarati,Samuttarati,Samuttarati,[saṁ+uttarati] to pass over Miln.372.(Page 687),11,1
  11772. 391235,en,15,samuttejaka,samuttejaka,Samuttejaka,Samuttejaka,(adj.) [fr.samuttejeti] instigating,inciting,gladdening M.I,146; A.II,97; IV,296,328; V,155; S.V,162; It.107.(Page 687),11,1
  11773. 391247,en,15,samuttejeti,samuttejeti,Samuttejeti,Samuttejeti,[saṁ+ud+<em>tij</em>] to excite,gladden,to fill with enthusiasm Vin.I,18; D.I,126.Cp.BSk.samuttejayati,e.g.Divy 80.(Page 687),11,1
  11774. 391260,en,15,samutthahati,samuṭṭhahati,Samuṭṭhahati,Samuṭṭhahati,[saṁ+uṭṭhahati] to rise up,to originate; pres.<i>samuṭṭhāti</i> Vin.V,1; aor.<i>samuṭṭhahi</i> Mhvs 28,16.-- pp.<i>samuṭṭhita</i>.-- Caus.<i>samuṭṭhāpeti</i> to raise,to originate,set on foot J.I,144,191,318.(Page 687),12,1
  11775. 391271,en,15,samutthana,samuṭṭhāna,Samuṭṭhāna,Samuṭṭhāna,(nt.) [saṁ+uṭṭhāna] rising,origination,cause; as adj.(-°) arising from A.II,87; Dhs.766 sq.,981,1175; Miln.134,302,304; J.I,207; IV,171; KhA 23,31,123; Vism.366.(Page 687),10,1
  11776. 391279,en,15,samutthanika,samuṭṭhānika,Samuṭṭhānika,Samuṭṭhānika,(adj.) [fr.last] originating DhsA.263.(Page 687),12,1
  11777. 391285,en,15,samutthapaka,samuṭṭhāpaka,Samuṭṭhāpaka,Samuṭṭhāpaka,(f.°ikā) [fr.samuṭṭhāpeti] occasioning,causing DhsA.344; VvA.72.(Page 687),12,1
  11778. 391310,en,15,samutthita,samuṭṭhita,Samuṭṭhita,Samuṭṭhita,[pp.of samuṭṭhahati] arisen,originated,happened,occurred J.II,196; Dhs.1035.(Page 687),10,1
  11779. 391316,en,15,samuyyuta,samuyyuta,Samuyyuta,Samuyyuta,[saṁ+uyyuta] energetic,devoted Vv 63<sup>33</sup>; VvA.269.(Page 688),9,1
  11780. 391319,en,15,samvacana,saṁvacana,Saṁvacana,Saṁvacana,(nt.) [saṁ+vacana] sentence DhsA.52.(Page 656),9,1
  11781. 391325,en,15,samvacchara,saṁvacchara,Saṁvacchara,Saṁvacchara,[saṁ+vacchara; cp.Vedic <i>saṁvatsara</i>] a year D.II,327; A.II,75; IV,139,252 sq.; Dh.108; J.II,80; Sdhp.239; Nom.pl.<i>saṁvaccharāni</i> J.II,128.(Page 656),11,1
  11782. 391333,en,15,samvadana,saṁvadana,Saṁvadana,Saṁvadana,(nt.) [fr.saṁvadati] a certain magic act performed in order to procure harmony D.I,11; DA.I,96; cp.Dial.I.23.(Page 657),9,1
  11783. 391337,en,15,samvadati,saṁvadati,Saṁvadati,Saṁvadati,[saṁ+vadati] to agree M.I,500 (opp.vivadati).(Page 657),9,1
  11784. 391343,en,15,samvaddha,saṁvaḍḍha,Saṁvaḍḍha,Saṁvaḍḍha,[pp.of saṁvaḍḍhati] grown up,brought up D.I,75; II,38; PvA.66.(Page 656),9,1
  11785. 391354,en,15,samvaddhana,saṁvaddhana,Saṁvaddhana,Saṁvaddhana,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>vṛdh</em>] increasing,causing to grow J.IV,16.(Page 657),11,1
  11786. 391361,en,15,samvaddhati,saṁvaḍḍhati,Saṁvaḍḍhati,Saṁvaḍḍhati,[saṁ+vaḍḍhati] to grow up; ppr.<i>°amāna</i> (ddh.) growing up,subsisting J.I,189 (so far °vaṭṭ°).‹-› Caus.<i>°vaḍḍheti</i> to rear,nourish,bring up J.I,231 (ppr.pass.°vaḍḍhiyamāna).(Page 656),11,1
  11787. 391384,en,15,samvannana,saṁvaṇṇana,Saṁvaṇṇana,Saṁvaṇṇana,(nt.) [saṁ+vaṇṇana] praising,praise J.I,234.(Page 656),10,1
  11788. 391402,en,15,samvanneti,saṁvaṇṇeti,Saṁvaṇṇeti,Saṁvaṇṇeti,[saṁ+vaṇṇeti] to praise Vin.III,73 sq.; J.V,292 (aor.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.°vaṇṇayuṁ).Cp.BSk.saṁvarṇayati Divy 115.-- pp.<i>saṁvaṇṇita</i>.(Page 656),10,1
  11789. 391413,en,15,samvannita,saṁvaṇṇita,Saṁvaṇṇita,Saṁvaṇṇita,[pp.of saṁvaṇṇeti] praised,comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>sambhāvita</i> honoured M.I,110; III,194,223.(Page 656),10,1
  11790. 391422,en,15,samvara,saṁvara,Saṁvara,Saṁvara,[fr.saṁ+<i>vṛ</i>] restraint D.I,57,70,89; II,281 (indriya°); III,130,225; A.II,26; S.IV,189 sq.; It.28,96,118; Pug.59; Sn.1034; Vin.II,126,192 (āyatiṁ saṁvarāya “for restraint in the future,” in confession formula),Dh.185; Nett 192; Vism.11,44; DhA.III,238; IV,86 (°dvārāni).The fivefold saṁvara:<i>sīla°</i>,<i> sati°</i>,<i> ñāṇa°</i>,<i> khanti°</i>,<i> viriya°</i>,i.e.by virtue,mindfulness,insight,patience,effort DhsA.351; as <i>pātimokkha°</i> etc.at Vism.7; VbhA.330 sq.<i>--°vinaya</i> norm of self-control,good conduct SnA 8.cātuyāma°,Jain discipline M L.377.(Page 657),7,1
  11791. 391436,en,15,samvarana,saṁvaraṇa,Saṁvaraṇa,Saṁvaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>vṛ</em>] covering; obstruction Dhtp 274 (as def.of root <em>val</em>,i.e.<em>vṛ</em>).(Page 657),9,1
  11792. 391448,en,15,samvarati,saṁvarati,Saṁvarati,Saṁvarati,[saṁ+varati=vuṇāti 1] to restrain,hold; to restrain oneself Vin.II,102 (Pot.°vareyyāsi); Miln.152 (pāso na saṁvarati).-- pp.<i>saṁvuta</i>.(Page 657),9,1
  11793. 391458,en,15,samvari,saṁvarī,Saṁvarī,Saṁvarī,(f.) [Vedic śarvarī fr.śarvara speckled; the P.form viâ sabbarī›sāvarī›saṁvarī] the night (poetical) D.III,196; J.IV,441; V,14,269; VI,243.(Page 657),7,1
  11794. 391470,en,15,samvasa,saṁvāsa,Saṁvāsa,Saṁvāsa,[saṁ+vāsa<sup>2</sup>] 1.living with,co-residence Vin.I,97; II,237; III,28; A.II,57 sq.,187; III,164 sq.; IV,172; J.I,236; IV,317 (piya-saṁvāsaṁ vasi lived together in harmony); Sn.283,290,335; Dh.207,302; Sdhp.435.‹-› 2.intimacy J.II,39.-- 3.cohabitation,sexual intercourse D.I,97; J.I,134; II,108; SnA 355.(Page 657),7,1
  11795. 391479,en,15,samvasaka,saṁvāsaka,Saṁvāsaka,Saṁvāsaka,(adj.) [fr.saṁvāsa] living together Vin.II,162; III,173.(Page 657),9,1
  11796. 391490,en,15,samvasati,saṁvasati,Saṁvasati,Saṁvasati,[saṁ+vasati<sup>2</sup>] to live,to associate,cohabitate A.II,57; Vin.II,237; Nd<sup>2</sup> 423; Pug.65; Dh.167; Dpvs X.8; Miln.250.-- Caus.<i>°vāseti</i> same meaning Vin.IV,137.-- Cp.<i>upa°</i>.(Page 657),9,1
  11797. 391502,en,15,samvasiya,saṁvāsiya,Saṁvāsiya,Saṁvāsiya,[fr.saṁvāsa] one who lives with somebody Sn.22; <i>a°-bhāva</i> impossibility to co-reside Miln.249.(Page 657),9,1
  11798. 391506,en,15,samvati,saṁvāti,Saṁvāti,Saṁvāti,[saṁ+vāyati<sup>2</sup>] to be fragrant J.V,206 (cp.vv.ll.on p.203).(Page 657),7,1
  11799. 391509,en,15,samvatta,saṁvaṭṭa,Saṁvaṭṭa,Saṁvaṭṭa,(m. &#38; nt.) [saṁ+vaṭṭa<sup>1</sup>] 1.“rolling on or forward” (opp.vivaṭṭa “rolling back”),with ref.to the development of the Universe &#38; time (kappa) the ascending aeon (vivaṭṭa the descending cycle),evolution It.99; Pug.60; Vism.419; Sdhp.484,485.<i>--°vivaṭṭa</i> a period within which evolution &#38; dissolution of the world takes place,a complete world-cycle (see also <i>vivaṭṭa</i>) D.I,14; A.II,142; It.15,99; Pug.60.(Page 656),8,1
  11800. 391526,en,15,samvattanika,saṁvaṭṭanika,Saṁvaṭṭanika,Saṁvaṭṭanika,(adj.) [fr.saṁvaṭṭa(na)] turning to,being reborn D.I,17.(Page 656),12,1
  11801. 391533,en,15,samvattanika,saṁvattanika,Saṁvattanika,Saṁvattanika,(adj.) [fr.saṁvattati] conducive to,involving A.II,54,65; It.82; Kvu 618; J.I,275; Nett 134=S.V,371.As <i>°iya</i> at PvA.205.(Page 657),12,1
  11802. 391543,en,15,samvattati,saṁvaṭṭati,Saṁvaṭṭati,Saṁvaṭṭati,[saṁ+vaṭṭati] 1.to be evolved,to be in a process of evolution (opp.vivaṭṭati in devolution) D.I,17; III,84,109; A.II,142; DA.I,110.-- 2.to fall to pieces,to come to an end (like the world’s destruction),to pass away,perish,dissolve (intrs.) J.III,75 (paṭhavī s.; v.l.saṁvaddh°); Miln.287 (ākāso °eyya).For saṁvaṭṭ° at J.I,189 read saṁvaddh°.(Page 656),10,1
  11803. 391550,en,15,samvattati,saṁvattati,Saṁvattati,Saṁvattati,[saṁ+vattati] to lead (to),to be useful (for) A.I,54,58 (ahitāya dukkhāya); Vin.I,10=S.V,421; It.71 sq.; J.I,97; Pot.<i>saṁvatteyya</i> Vin.I,13.-- Often in phrase <i>nibbidāya</i>,<i> virāgāya </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> nibbānāya saṁvattati</i> e.g.D.I,189; II,251; III,130; S.V,80,255; A.III,83,326.(Page 656),10,1
  11804. 391578,en,15,samvedhita,saṁvedhita,Saṁvedhita,Saṁvedhita,[saṁ+vyathita:see vyadhati] shaken up,confused,trembling Sn.902.(Page 658),10,1
  11805. 391585,en,15,samvega,saṁvega,Saṁvega,Saṁvega,[fr.saṁ+<em>vij</em>] agitation,fear,anxiety; thrill,religious emotion (caused by contemplation of the miseries of this world) D.III,214; A.I,43; II,33,114; S.I,197; III,85; V,130,133; It.30; Sn.935; J.I,138; Nd<sup>1</sup> 406; Vism.135=KhA 235 (eight objects inducing emotion:birth,old age,illness,death,misery in the apāyas,and the misery caused by saṁsāra in past,present &#38; future stages); Mhvs 1,4; 23,62; PvA.1,22,32,39,76.(Page 658),7,1
  11806. 391601,en,15,samvejana,saṁvejana,Saṁvejana,Saṁvejana,(adj.) [fr.saṁ+<em>vij</em>] agitating,moving It.30.(Page 658),9,1
  11807. 391608,en,15,samvejaniya,saṁvejaniya,Saṁvejaniya,Saṁvejaniya,(adj.) [fr.saṁvejana] apt to cause emotion A.II,120; Vism.238.See also <i>saṁvijjati<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 658),11,1
  11808. 391623,en,15,samvejeti,saṁvejeti,Saṁvejeti,Saṁvejeti,Caus.of <i>saṁvijjati<sup>1</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 658),9,1
  11809. 391629,en,15,samvejita,saṁvejita,Saṁvejita,Saṁvejita,[pp.of saṁvejeti] stirred,moved,agitated S.I,197; Nd<sup>1</sup> 406.(Page 658),9,1
  11810. 391632,en,15,samvelleti,saṁvelleti,Saṁvelleti,Saṁvelleti,[fr.saṁ+<em>vell</em>] to gather up,bundle together,fold up Vism.327.(Page 658),10,1
  11811. 391634,en,15,samvelli,saṁvelli,Saṁvelli,Saṁvelli,(f.) [saṁ+<em>velli</em>,cp.vellita] “that which is wound round,” a loin cloth J.V,306.As <i>saṁvelliya</i> at Vin.II,137,271.(Page 658),8,1
  11812. 391638,en,15,samvesana,saṁvesanā,Saṁvesanā,Saṁvesanā,(f.) [fr.saṁveseti] lying down,being in bed,sleeping J.VI,551 sq.,557.(Page 658),9,1
  11813. 391641,en,15,samveseti,saṁveseti,Saṁveseti,Saṁveseti,[Caus.of saṁvisati] to lead,conduct A.I,141; Pass.<i>saṁvesiyati</i> to be put to bed (applied to a sick person) M.I,88=III,181;D.II,24.Cp.<i>abhi°</i>.(Page 658),9,1
  11814. 391646,en,15,samvetheti,saṁveṭheti,Saṁveṭheti,Saṁveṭheti,[saṁ+veṭheti] to wrap,stuff,tuck in Vin.IV,40.(Page 658),10,1
  11815. 391652,en,15,samvibhaga,saṁvibhāga,Saṁvibhāga,Saṁvibhāga,[saṁ+vibhāga] distribution,sharing out D.III,191; A.I,92,150; It.18 sq.,98,102; Vv 37<sup>5</sup>; Miln.94.--<i>dāna°</i> (of gifts) J.V,331; Vism.306.(Page 657),10,1
  11816. 391660,en,15,samvibhagin,saṁvibhāgin,Saṁvibhāgin,Saṁvibhāgin,(adj.) [fr.saṁvibhāga] generous,open-handed S.I,43=J.IV,110; V,397 (a°); Miln.207.(Page 657),11,1
  11817. 391671,en,15,samvibhajati,saṁvibhajati,Saṁvibhajati,Saṁvibhajati,[saṁ+vibhajati] to divide,to share,to communicate D.II,233; Miln.94,344; inf.°vibhajituṁ Miln.295; Dāvs.V,54.-- pp.<i>saṁvibhatta</i>.-- Caus.°vibhājeti.It.65.(Page 657),12,1
  11818. 391688,en,15,samvibhatta,saṁvibhatta,Saṁvibhatta,Saṁvibhatta,[pp.of saṁvibhajati] divided,shared Th.1,9.(Page 657),11,1
  11819. 391695,en,15,samvidahana,saṁvidahana,Saṁvidahana,Saṁvidahana,(nt.) [for the usual °vidhāna] arrangement,appointment,provision J.II,209; DA.I,148; DhsA.111.The word is peculiar to the Commentary style.(Page 657),11,1
  11820. 391704,en,15,samvidahati,saṁvidahati,Saṁvidahati,Saṁvidahati,[saṁ+vidahati] to arrange,appoint,fix,settle,provide,prepare D.I,61 (Pot.°eyyāma); aor.°vidahi PvA.198; inf.<i>°vidhātuṁ</i> A.II,35, &#38; <i>°vidahituṁ</i> Vin.I,287; ger.<i>°vidhāya</i> Vin.IV,62 sq.,133; Mhvs 17,37, &#38; <i>°vidahitvā</i> Vin.I,287; III,53,64; J.I,59; V,46; also as Caus.form<sup>n</sup> <i>°vidahetvāna</i> J.VI,301.-- pp.<i>saṁvidahita </i>&<i> saṁvihita</i>.(Page 657),11,1
  11821. 391711,en,15,samvidahita,saṁvidahita,Saṁvidahita,Saṁvidahita,[pp.of saṁvidahati] arranged Vin.IV,64; DhA.I,397.(Page 657),11,1
  11822. 391720,en,15,samvidati,saṁvidati,Saṁvidati,Saṁvidati,[saṁ+vidati:see vindati] to know; ger.<i>°viditvā</i> J.III,114; V,172.-- pp.<i>saṁvidita</i>.(Page 657),9,1
  11823. 391727,en,15,samvidhana,saṁvidhāna,Saṁvidhāna,Saṁvidhāna,(nt.) [fr.saṁvidahati] arranging,providing,arrangement D.I,135; J.I,140 (rakkhā°).(Page 657),10,1
  11824. 391734,en,15,samvidhatar,saṁvidhātar,Saṁvidhātar,Saṁvidhātar,[n.ag.fr.saṁvidahati] one who arranges or provides (cp.vidhātar) D.III,148.(Page 657),11,1
  11825. 391742,en,15,samvidhavahara,saṁvidhāvahāra,Saṁvidhāvahāra,Saṁvidhāvahāra,[saṁvidhā (short ger.form)+avahāra] taking by arrangement,i.e.theft committed in agreement with others Vin.III,53.(Page 657),14,1
  11826. 391750,en,15,samvidhayaka,saṁvidhāyaka,Saṁvidhāyaka,Saṁvidhāyaka,(adj.) [saṁ+vidhāyaka] providing,managing; f.<i>°ikā</i> J.I,155.(Page 657),12,1
  11827. 391753,en,15,samvidita,saṁvidita,Saṁvidita,Saṁvidita,[pp.of saṁvidati] known Sn.935.(Page 657),9,1
  11828. 391759,en,15,samvigga,saṁvigga,Saṁvigga,Saṁvigga,[pp.of saṁvijjati<sup>1</sup>] agitated,moved by fear or awe,excited,stirred D.I,50; II,240; A.II,115; S.IV,290; V,270; J.I,59; Miln.236; PvA.31 (°hadaya).(Page 657),8,1
  11829. 391770,en,15,samvihita,saṁvihita,Saṁvihita,Saṁvihita,[pp.of saṁvidahati] arranged,prepared,provided J.I,133 (°ārakkha i.e.protected); in cpd.<i>su°</i> well arranged or appointed,fully provided D.II,75; M.II,75; DA.I,147,182; <i>a°</i> unappointed Vin.I,175; Vism.37.(Page 657),9,1
  11830. 391776,en,15,samvijita,saṁvijita,Saṁvijita,Saṁvijita,[pp.of saṁvejeti] (med.) filled with fear or awe,made to tremble; (pass.) felt,realized Sn.935 (=saṁvejita ubbejita Nd<sup>1</sup> 406).(Page 657),9,1
  11831. 391777,en,15,samvijita,saṁvījita,Saṁvījita,Saṁvījita,[saṁ+vījita] fanned Dāvs.V,18.(Page 657),9,1
  11832. 391786,en,15,samvijjati,saṁvijjati,Saṁvijjati,Saṁvijjati,<sup>2</sup> [Pass.of saṁvindati] to be found,to exist,to be D.I,3; Vin.II,122; J.I,214 (°amāna); PvA.153.(Page 657),10,1
  11833. 391787,en,15,samvijjati,saṁvijjati,Saṁvijjati,Saṁvijjati,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic vijate,<em>vij</em><i>;</i> not as simple verb in P.] to be agitated or moved,to be stirred A.II,114; It.30.‹-› pp.<i>saṁvigga</i>.-- Caus.<i>saṁvejeti</i> M.I,253; S.I,141; Vin.I,32; imper.<i>°vejehi</i> S.V,270; aor.<i>°vejesi</i> Miln.236; inf.<i>°vejetuṁ</i> S.I,197; ger <i>°vejetvā</i> J.I,327; grd.<i>°vejanīya</i> that which should cause awe,in °āni ṭhānāni places of pilgrimage D.II,140; A.I,36; II,120; It.30.-- pp.<i>saṁvijita </i>&<i> °vejita</i>.(Page 657),10,1
  11834. 391797,en,15,samvilapa,saṁvilāpa,Saṁvilāpa,Saṁvilāpa,[saṁ+vilāpa] noisy talk; fig.for thundering S.IV,289 (abbha°).(Page 657),9,1
  11835. 391800,en,15,samvindati,saṁvindati,Saṁvindati,Saṁvindati,[saṁ+vindati] to find; ppr.(a)saṁvindaṁ Th.1,717.-- Pass.<i>saṁvijjati</i> (q.v.).(Page 657),10,1
  11836. 391804,en,15,samviruhati,saṁvirūhati,Saṁvirūhati,Saṁvirūhati,[saṁ+virūhati] to germinate,to sprout Miln.99,125,130,375.-- pp.<i>saṁvirūḷha</i>.-- Caus.°virūheti to cause to grow,to nourish J.IV,429.(Page 657),11,1
  11837. 391806,en,15,samvirulha,saṁvirūḷha,Saṁvirūḷha,Saṁvirūḷha,(adj.) [pp.of saṁvirūhati] fully grown,healed up J.II,117.(Page 657),10,1
  11838. 391810,en,15,samvisati,saṁvisati,Saṁvisati,Saṁvisati,[saṁ+visati] to enter; Caus.<i>saṁveseti</i> (q.v.).Cp.<i>--bhisaṁvisati</i>.(Page 657),9,1
  11839. 391812,en,15,samvissajjetar,saṁvissajjetar,Saṁvissajjetar,Saṁvissajjetar,[saṁ+vissajjetar] one who appoints or assigns DA.I,112.(Page 657),14,1
  11840. 391814,en,15,samvissandati,saṁvissandati,Saṁvissandati,Saṁvissandati,[saṁ+vissandati] to overflow M.II,117; Miln.36.(Page 657),13,1
  11841. 391820,en,15,samvohara,saṁvohāra,Saṁvohāra,Saṁvohāra,[saṁ+vohāra] business,traffic Vin.III,239; A.II,187=S.I,78; A.III,77; SnA 471.(Page 658),9,1
  11842. 391823,en,15,samvoharati,saṁvohārati,Saṁvohārati,Saṁvohārati,[denom.fr.saṁvohāra] to trade (with); ppr.<i>°vohāramāna</i> [cp.BSk.saṁvyavahāramāna Divy 259] A.II,188.(Page 658),11,1
  11843. 391829,en,15,samvossajjati,saṁvossajjati,Saṁvossajjati,Saṁvossajjati,see <i>samavossajjati</i>.(Page 658),13,1
  11844. 391831,en,15,samvulha,saṁvūḷha,Saṁvūḷha,Saṁvūḷha,see <i>saṁyūḷha</i>.(Page 658),8,1
  11845. 391843,en,15,samvuta,saṁvuta,Saṁvuta,Saṁvuta,[pp.of saṁvarati] 1.closed D.I,81.-- 2.tied up J.IV,361.-- 3.restrained,governed,(self-)controlled,guarded D.I,250; III,48,97; S.II,231; IV,351 sq.; A.I,7 (cittaṁ); II,25; III,387; It.96,118; Sn.340 (indriyesu); Dh.340; DA.I,181.<i>asaṁvuta</i> unrestrained S.IV,70; A.III,387; Pug.20,24; in phrase <i>asaṁvuṭā lokantarikā andhakārā</i> (the world-spaces which are dark &) ungoverned,orderless,not supported,baseless D.II,12.--<i>su°</i> well controlled Vin.II,213; IV,186; S.IV,70; Sn.413; Dh.8.<br><br> <i>--atta</i> self-controlled S.I,66.<i>--indriya</i> having the senses under control It.91; Pug.35.<i>--kārin</i> M.II,260.(Page 657),7,1
  11846. 391858,en,15,samyacika,saṁyācikā,Saṁyācikā,Saṁyācikā,(f.) [collect.abstr.fr.saṁ+<em>yāc</em>] begging,what is begged; only in Instr.<i>°āya</i> (adv.) by begging together,by collecting voluntary offerings Vin.III,144 (so read for °āyo),149 (expl<sup>d</sup> incorrectly as “sayaṁ yācitvā”); J.II,282 (so read for °āyo).(Page 656),9,1
  11847. 391872,en,15,samyamana,saṁyamana,Saṁyamana,Saṁyamana,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>yam</em>] fastening J.V,202,207.(Page 656),9,1
  11848. 391875,en,15,samyamani,saṁyamanī,Saṁyamanī,Saṁyamanī,(f.) [fr.last] a kind of ornament J.V,202 (=maṇisuvaṇṇa-pavāḷa-rajata-mayāni pilandhanāni C.).(Page 656),9,1
  11849. 391880,en,15,samyamati,saṁyamati,Saṁyamati,Saṁyamati,[saṁ+yamati] to practise self-control S.I,209 (pāṇesu ca saṁyamāmase,trsl<sup>n</sup> “if we can keep our hands off living things”).-- pp.<i>saṁyata</i>.-- Caus.<i>saññāmeti</i> to restrain M.I,365,507; Dh.37,380.Cp.<i>paṭi°</i>.(Page 656),9,1
  11850. 391903,en,15,samyata,saṁyata,Saṁyata,Saṁyata,( &#38; saññata) [pp.of saṁyamati] lit.drawn together; fig.restrained,self-controlled D.II,88; S.I,79; Sn.88,156,716; J.I,188; Vv 34<sup>11</sup>; Miln.213.<br><br> --atta having one’s self restrained,self-controlled S.I,14 (for saya°); Sn.216,284 (ññ),723; Pv.II,6<sup>14</sup> (ññ;=saññata-citta PvA.98).--ūru having the thighs pressed together,having firm thighs J.V,89,107 (ññ).155 (ññ).--cārin living in self-control Dh.104 (ññ).--pakhuma having the eyelashes close together VvA.162. Saṁyama ( &#38; saññama) [fr.saṁ+yam] 1.restraint,selfcontrol,abstinence S.I,21,169; D.I,53; Vin.I,3; A.I,155 sq.(kāyena,vācāya,manasā); D.III,147; It.15 (ññ); Sn.264,655; M.II,101 (sīla°); Dh.25 (saññama dama); DA.I,160; DhA.II,255 (=catu-pārisuddhi-sīla); VbhA.332.-- 2.restraint in giving alms saving (of money etc.),stinginess Vin.I,272; Pv.II,7<sup>11</sup> (=saṅkoca PvA.102).(Page 655),7,1
  11851. 391924,en,15,samyoga,saṁyoga,Saṁyoga,Saṁyoga,[fr.saṁ+<em>yuj</em>] 1.bond,fetter M.I,498; S.I,226; III,70; IV,36; A.IV,280=Vin.II,259 (opp.vi°); Sn.522,733; Dh.384 (=kāmayog’ādayo saṁyogā DhA.IV,140).-- 2.union,association J.III,12 (ññ); Vism.495.‹-› 3.connection (within the sentence),construction PvA.73 (accanta°),135 (id.).(Page 656),7,1
  11852. 391945,en,15,samyojana,saṁyojana,Saṁyojana,Saṁyojana,(nt.) [fr.saṁyuñjati] bond,fetter S.IV,163 etc.; especially the fetters that bind man to the wheel of transmigration Vin.I,183; S.I,23; V,241,251; A.I,264; III,443; IV,7 sq.(diṭṭhi°); M.I,483; Dh.370; It.8 (taṇhā); Sn.62,74,621; J.I,275; II,22; Nett 49; DhA.III,298; IV,49.<br><br> The ten fetters are (1) sakkāyadiṭṭhi; (2) vicikicchā; (3) sīlabbataparāmāso; (4) kāmacchando; (5) vyāpādo; (6) rūparāgo; (7) arūparāgo; (8) māno; (9) uddhaccaṁ; (10) avijjā.The first three are the <i>tīṇi saṁyojanāni</i> ‹-› e.g.M.I,9; A.I,231,233; D.I,156; II,92 sq.,252; III,107,132,216; S.V,357,376,406; Pug.12,15; Nett 14; Dhs.1002; DA.I,312.The seven last are the <i>satta saṁyojanāni</i>,Nett.14.The first five are called <i>orambhāgiyāni</i> -- e.g.A.I,232 sq.; II,5,133; V,17; D.I,156; II,92,252; M.I,432; S.V,61,69; Th.2,165; Pug.17.The last five are called <i>uddhambhāgiyāni</i> ‹-› e.g.A.V,17; S.V,61,69; Th.2,167; ThA.159; Pug.22; Nett 14,49.<br><br> A different enumeration of the ten saṁyojanas,at Nd<sup>2</sup> 657=Dhs.1113,1463 (kāmarāga,paṭigha,māna,diṭṭhi,vicikicchā,sīlabbataparāmāsa,bhavarāga,issā,macchariya,avijjā); compare,however,Dhs.1002.<br><br> A diff.enum<sup>n</sup> of seven saṁyojanas at D.III,254 &#38; A.IV,7,viz.anunaya°,paṭigha°,diṭṭhi°,vicikicchā°,māna°,bhavarāga°,avijjā°.A list of eight is found at M.I,361 sq.Cp.also <i>ajjhatta-saṁyojano </i>&<i> bahiddhāsaṁyojano</i> puggalo A.I,63 sq.; Pug.22; <i>kiṁ--su-s°</i> S.I,39= Sn.1108.(Page 656),9,1
  11853. 391952,en,15,samyojaniya,saṁyojaniya,Saṁyojaniya,Saṁyojaniya,(saññ°) (adj.) [fr.saṁyojana] connected with the saṁyojanas,favourable to the saṁyojanas,A.I,50; S.II,86; III,166 sq.; IV,89,107; Dhs.584,1125,1462; DhsA.49.Used as a noun,with dhammā understood,Sn.363,375.(Page 656),11,1
  11854. 391971,en,15,samyojita,saṁyojita,Saṁyojita,Saṁyojita,[pp.of saṁyojeti,Caus.of saṁyuñjati] combined,connected with,mixed with J.I,269 (bhesajja°).(Page 656),9,1
  11855. 391974,en,15,samyuga,saṁyuga,Saṁyuga,Saṁyuga,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>yuj</em>] harness Th.1,659.(Page 656),7,1
  11856. 391981,en,15,samyuhati,saṁyūhati,Saṁyūhati,Saṁyūhati,[saṁ+vyūhati] to form into a mass,to ball together,to conglomerate A.IV,137 (kheḷapiṇḍaṁ).‹-› pp.<i>saṁyūḷha</i>.(Page 656),9,1
  11857. 391996,en,15,samyulha,saṁyūḷha,Saṁyūḷha,Saṁyūḷha,[pp.of saṁyūhati,cp.in similar meaning viyūḷha] massed,collected,put together,composed or gathered (like a bunch of flowers D.II,267 (gāthā); M.I,386; DA.I,38 (spelt saṁvūḷha,i.e.saṁvyūḷha; v.l.sañaḷha,i.e.sannaddha).(Page 656),8,1
  11858. 391999,en,15,samyunjati,saṁyuñjati,Saṁyuñjati,Saṁyuñjati,[saṁ+yuñjati] to connect,join with (Instr.),unite S.I,72.Pass.saṁyujjati S.III,70.-- pp.<i>saṁyutta</i>.-- Caus.<i>saṁyojeti</i> (1) to put together,to endow with D.II,355; S.V,354; J.I,277.-- (2) to couple,to wed someone to (Instr.) J.III,512 (dārena); IV,7 (id.).-- pp.<i>saṁyojita</i>.(Page 656),10,1
  11859. 392003,en,15,samyuta,saṁyuta,Saṁyuta,Saṁyuta,(adj.) [saṁ+yuta,of <em>yu</em>] connected,combined Sn.574 (ññ),1026.(Page 656),7,1
  11860. 392009,en,15,samyutta,saṁyutta,Saṁyutta,Saṁyutta,[pp.of saṁyuñjati] 1.tied,bound,fettered M.III,275 (cammena); S.IV,163; A.IV,216 (saṁyojanena s.by bonds to this world); Sn.194 (ññ),300,304; It.8; Sdhp.211.-- 2.connected with,mixed with (-°) J.I,269 (visa°).-- Cp.<i>paṭi°</i>,<i> vi°</i>.(Page 656),8,1
  11861. 392025,en,15,san,san,San,San,<sup>2</sup> (=saṁ) Acc.of <i>sa<sup>4</sup></i>.(Page 675),3,1
  11862. 392026,en,15,san,san,San,San,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Vedic śvā,Gen.śunaḥ; Av.spā,Gr.ku/wn; Lat.canis,Oir.cū,Goth.hunds=hound] a dog; Nom.sg.<i>sā</i> D.I,166=M.I,77; S.I,176; III,150; Kvu 336.For other forms of the same base see <i>suvāṇa</i>.(Page 675),3,1
  11863. 392028,en,15,sana,saṇa,Saṇa,Saṇa,(nt.) [Vedic śaṇa; Gr.kάnnabis=Lat.cannabis; Ags haenep=E.hemp; Ger.hanf.] a kind of hemp D.II,350 (v.l.); S.I,115 (do.); cp.<i>sāṇa<sup>1</sup> </i>&<i> sāṇī</i>.<br><br> <i>--dhovika</i> [perhaps (Kern’s suggestion) sāṇa° (v.l.)= visāṇa°?] name of a particular kind of gambol of elephants in water M.I,229,375.Bdhgh at DA.I,84 uses the obscure term <i>sāṇa-dhovana-kīḷā</i> to denote a trick of Caṇḍālas.But see <i>sandhovika</i>.(Page 671),4,1
  11864. 392037,en,15,sana,sāṇa,Sāṇa,Sāṇa,<sup>2</sup> [sa+iṇa] having a debt,indebted,fig.subjected to the kilesas,imperfect M.III,127=S.II,221 (=sakilesa,sa-iṇa K.S.II.203); ThA.8; cp.<i>anaṇa</i> under <i>aṇa</i>.(Page 702),4,1
  11865. 392038,en,15,sana,sāṇa,Sāṇa,Sāṇa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.śāṇa hempen,fr.śaṇa=P.saṇa; cp.bhaṅga<sup>1</sup>] hemp D.II,350; Miln.267; a coarse hempen cloth Vin.I,58; D.I,166; III,41; M.I,78; A.I,240; S.II,202,221; Pug.55; Vism.54 (°sāṭaka).-- <i>sāṇavāka</i> the same Th.2,252; J.III,394 (var.read).(Page 702),4,1
  11866. 392051,en,15,sanabhika,sanābhika,Sanābhika,Sanābhika,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+nābhi+ka] having a nave (of a wheel) D.II,17,172; A.II,37; at both places comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>sa-nemika</i> “with a felly” (i.e.complete).(Page 675),9,1
  11867. 392056,en,15,sanacca,sanacca,Sanacca,Sanacca,(nt.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+nacca] dancing (-party) Vin.II,267.(Page 675),7,1
  11868. 392059,en,15,sanadhovana,sāṇadhovana,Sāṇadhovana,Sāṇadhovana,(nt.) a kind of play DA.I,84=saṇadhovikā.(Page 702),11,1
  11869. 392070,en,15,sanamika,sanāmika,Sanāmika,Sanāmika,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+nāma+ika] having a name,called Bu II.194=J.I,28.(Page 675),8,1
  11870. 392076,en,15,sanantana,sanantana,Sanantana,Sanantana,(adj.) [for sanātana (cp.purātana); Idg.*seno=Gr.e(/nos old; Sk.sanaḥ in old times; Av.hana old,Lat.seneo,senex (“senile”),senatus; Goth.sineigs old; Oir.sen old] primeval,of old; for ever,eternal D.II,240,244; S.I,189 (cp.K.S.I.321:porāṇaka,santānaṁ vā paṇḍitānaṁ dhamma); DhA.I,51.(Page 675),9,1
  11871. 392089,en,15,sanati,saṇati,Saṇati,Saṇati,[<em>svan</em><i>;</i> Idg.*sǔenō=Lat.sono,Ags.swin music,swinsian to sing; Ohg.swan=swan] to sound,to make a noise Sn.721 (T.sanati)=Miln.414; <i>sanate</i> S.I,7=203; J.VI,507; ppr.<i>saṇanto</i> Sn.720 (T.n).(Page 671),6,1
  11872. 392096,en,15,sanati,sanati,Sanati,Sanati,see <i>saṇati</i>.(Page 675),6,1
  11873. 392113,en,15,sancalati,sañcalati,Sañcalati,Sañcalati,[saṁ+calati] to be unsteady or agitated Miln.117.Caus.<i>°cāleti</i> to shake Vin.III,127; J.V,434.-- pp.<i>°calita</i>.(Page 669),9,1
  11874. 392120,en,15,sancalita,sañcalita,Sañcalita,Sañcalita,[pp.of sañcalati] shaken Miln.224 (a°).(Page 669),9,1
  11875. 392123,en,15,sancara,sañcara,Sañcara,Sañcara,[fr.saṁ+<i>car</i>] passage,way,medium DA.I,289.(Page 669),7,1
  11876. 392129,en,15,sancara,sañcāra,Sañcāra,Sañcāra,[saṁ+cāra] 1.going,movement,passing through Sdhp.244.-- 2.passages entrance,road J.I,409; II,70,122.(Page 669),7,1
  11877. 392136,en,15,sancarana,sañcaraṇa,Sañcaraṇa,Sañcaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>car</em>] wandering about,meeting meeting-place J.I,163; IV,335; Miln.359.<i>a°</i> impassable Miln.217.(Page 669),9,1
  11878. 392154,en,15,sancarati,sañcarati,Sañcarati,Sañcarati,[saṁ+carati] 1.to go about,to wander D.I,83.-- 2.to meet,unite,come together J.II,36 (of the noose of a snare).-- 3.to move,to rock J.I,265.-- 4.to pass J.I,491.-- Caus.<i>°cāreti</i> to cause to move about Miln.377,385.-- Caus.II.<i>°carāpeti</i> to cause to go,to emit J.I,164; to make one’s mind dwell on Vism.187.(Page 669),9,1
  11879. 392179,en,15,sancaritta,sañcaritta,Sañcaritta,Sañcaritta,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+caritar] 1.going backwards &#38; forwards,acting as go-between Vin.III,137.-- 2.intercourse Miln.266.(Page 669),10,1
  11880. 392191,en,15,sancaya,sañcaya,Sañcaya,Sañcaya,[fr.saṁ+<em>ci</em>] accumulation,quantity Sn.697; It.17 (aṭṭhi°); Miln.220.(Page 669),7,1
  11881. 392203,en,15,sancetana,sañcetanā,Sañcetanā,Sañcetanā,(f.) [saṁ+cetanā] thought,cogitation,perception,intention A.II,159 (atta°,para°); D.III,231 (id.); S.II,11,40,99 (mano°); II,39 sq.,247; III,60,227 sq.; Vbh.285; Dhs.70,126.Sixfold (i.e.the 6 fold sensory perception,rūpa°,sadda°,etc.):D.II,309; III,244; Ps.I,136.Threefold (viz.kāya°,vacī°,mano°):Vism.341,530; VbhA.144,145.(Page 669),9,1
  11882. 392211,en,15,sancetanika,sañcetanika,Sañcetanika,Sañcetanika,(adj.) [fr.sañcetanā] intentional Vin.III,112; M.III,207; A.V,292 sq.; a° M.I,377.(Page 669),11,1
  11883. 392218,en,15,sancetayitatta,sañcetayitatta,Sañcetayitatta,Sañcetayitatta,(nt.) reflection Dhs.5,72.(Page 669),14,1
  11884. 392227,en,15,sanceteti,sañceteti,Sañceteti,Sañceteti,see <i>°cinteti</i>.(Page 669),9,1
  11885. 392245,en,15,sanchadita,sañchādita,Sañchādita,Sañchādita,[pp.of sañchādeti] covered PvA.157.(Page 669),10,1
  11886. 392250,en,15,sanchanna,sañchanna,Sañchanna,Sañchanna,[saṁ+channa<sup>1</sup>] covered (with= --°) M.I,124; Th.1,13; J.I,201; SnA 91 (°patta full of leaves; puppha° of flowers).Often in cpd.<i>paduma°</i> covered with lotuses (of ponds) Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup>; II,12<sup>2</sup>; Vv 44<sup>1</sup>; J.I,222; V,337.(Page 669),9,1
  11887. 392259,en,15,sanchavin,sañchavin,Sañchavin,Sañchavin,M.II,217,259.(Page 669),9,1
  11888. 392264,en,15,sanchindati,sañchindati,Sañchindati,Sañchindati,[saṁ+chindati] to cut,destroy M.III,275 (Pot.°chindeyya); A.II,33=S.III,85 (ger.°chinditvā).-- pp.<i>sañchinna</i>.(Page 669),11,1
  11889. 392272,en,15,sanchinna,sañchinna,Sañchinna,Sañchinna,[pp.of sañchindati] Vin.I,255 (of the kaṭhina,with samaṇḍalīkata “hemmed”).Also in cpd.<i>°patta</i> “with leaves destroyed” is Nd<sup>2</sup> reading at Sn.44 (where T.ed. &#38; SnA 91 read <i>saṁsīna</i>),as well as at Sn.64 (in similar context,where T.ed.reads <i>sañchinna</i>).The latter passage is expl<sup>d</sup> (Nd<sup>2</sup> 625) as “bahula-pattapalāsa saṇḍa-cchāya,” i.e.having thick &#38; dense foliage.The same meaning is attached to <i>sañchinna-patta</i> at VvA.288 (with v.l.<i>saṁsīna</i>!),thus evidently in sense of <i>sañchanna</i>.The C.on Sn.64 (viz.SnA 117) takes it as <i>sañchanna</i> in introductory story.(Page 669),9,1
  11890. 392280,en,15,sancicca,sañcicca,Sañcicca,Sañcicca,(adv.) [ger.of saṁ+cinteti; ch.BSk.sañcintya Divy 494] discriminately,purposely,with intention Vin.II,76; III,71,112; IV,149,290; D.III,133; Kvu 593; Miln.380; PvA.103.(Page 669),8,1
  11891. 392296,en,15,sancinati,sañcināti,Sañcināti,Sañcināti,( &#38; saṁcayati) [saṁ+cināti] to accumulate; ppr.<i>°cayanto</i> Mhvs 21,4; aor.<i>cini°</i> PvA.202 (puññaṁ),279 (pl.°cinimha).-- pp.<i>sañcita</i>.-- Cp.<i>abhi°</i>.(Page 669),9,1
  11892. 392309,en,15,sancinteti,sañcinteti,Sañcinteti,Sañcinteti,( &#38; °ceteti) [saṁ+cinteti] to think,find out,plan,devise means D.II,180,245 (aor.samacintesuṁ); Th.1,1103 (Pot.°cintaye); J.III,438 (aor.samacetayi).(Page 669),10,1
  11893. 392314,en,15,sancita,sañcita,Sañcita,Sañcita,[pp.of sañcināti] accumulated,filled (with) J.VI,249; ThA.282; Sdhp.319.(Page 669),7,1
  11894. 392320,en,15,sancodita,sañcodita,Sañcodita,Sañcodita,[saṁ+codita] instigated,excited PvA.5,68,171,213; ThA.207.(Page 669),9,1
  11895. 392326,en,15,sancopana,sañcopana,Sañcopana,Sañcopana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [saṁ+copana] touching,handling Vin.III,121 (ā); IV,214 (a) (=parāmasanan nāma ito c’ito ca).(Page 669),9,1
  11896. 392329,en,15,sancopati,sañcopati,Sañcopati,Sañcopati,[cp.Sk.copati,as a(/pac in Mhbh.We should expect <i>copeti</i> in Pāli,fr.<i>cup</i> to stir] to move,to stir; a misunderstood term.Found in aor.<i>samacopi</i> (so read for T.samadhosi &#38; v.l.samañcopi) mañcake “he stirred fr.his bed” S.III,120,125; and <i>sañcopa</i> (pret.) J.V,340 (v.l.for T.sañcesuṁ āsanā; C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “caliṁsu”).(Page 669),9,1
  11897. 392336,en,15,sancunna,sañcuṇṇa,Sañcuṇṇa,Sañcuṇṇa,[saṁ+cuṇṇa] crushed,shattered Bu II.170= J.I,26.(Page 669),8,1
  11898. 392343,en,15,sancunneti,sañcuṇṇeti,Sañcuṇṇeti,Sañcuṇṇeti,[saṁ+cuṇṇeti] to crush J.II,210,387 (aor.°esi); III,175 (Pot.°eyya),176 (ger.°etvā).-- pp.<i>°cuṇṇita</i>.(Page 669),10,1
  11899. 392351,en,15,sancunnita,sañcuṇṇita,Sañcuṇṇita,Sañcuṇṇita,[pp.of sañcuṇṇeti] crushed J.II,41; Miln.188; Vism.259.(Page 669),10,1
  11900. 392358,en,15,sanda,saṇḍa,Saṇḍa,Saṇḍa,[dial.; Dhtm 157:gumb’attha-m-īraṇe; cp.Sk.ṣaṇḍa] a heap,cluster,multitude; a grove (vana°) D.I,87; S.III,108; Vin.I,23; J.I,134 (vana°); <i>satta°</i> teeming with beings It.21.-- <i>Jambu°</i> N.of Jambudīpa Sn.352=Th.1,822 (v.l.°maṇḍa,which Kern considers to be the correct reading; see Toev.II.67).--<i>saṇḍa°cārin</i> swarming D.I,166=M.I,77=A II 206.(Page 671),5,1
  11901. 392366,en,15,sanda,sanda,Sanda,Sanda,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.sāndra] 1.(adj.) thick,dense; in <i>--°cchāya</i> giving dense shade S.IV,194; J.I,57,249; DA.I,209.‹-› (2) (thick) wood,forest; in <i>--°vihāra</i> dwelling in the wood,life as a hermit Th.1,688.(Page 677),5,1
  11902. 392377,en,15,sandahana,sandahana,Sandahana,Sandahana,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>dhā</em>] applying,placing (an arrow) on the string Miln.352.(Page 677),9,1
  11903. 392384,en,15,sandahati,sandahati,Sandahati,Sandahati,[saṁ+dahati<sup>1</sup>] to put together,to connect,to fit,to arrange J.IV,336; Mhvs VII.18; ppr.med.<i>sandahamāna</i> DhsA.113; ger.<i>sandahitvā</i> J.IV,336; &#38; <i>sandhāya</i> lit.after putting on J.IV,258 (the arrow on to the bow); fig.with reference to,concerning M.I,503; J.I,203,274; II,177; PvA.87,89,110; towards J.I,491; III,295.pp.<i>sandhīyate </i>[&<i> sandhiyyate</i>] to be put together,to be self-contained Pug.32; to be connected SnA 376,572; to reflect upon,to resent Sn.366; to be reconciled J.II,114.-- pp.<i>saṁhita</i>.(Page 677),9,1
  11904. 392402,en,15,sandaleti,sandāleti,Sandāleti,Sandāleti,[saṁ+dāleti] to break; ger.<i>sandālayitvāna</i> Sn.62.(Page 677),9,1
  11905. 392414,en,15,sandamanika,sandamānikā,Sandamānikā,Sandamānikā,(f.) [fr.<em>syand</em>] a chariot Vin.III,49; IV,339; DA.I,82; KhA 50; Vism.255.(Page 677),11,1
  11906. 392417,en,15,sandambhita,sandambhita,Sandambhita,Sandambhita,[fr.Sk.sandarbhati] is Kern’s proposed reading for <i>santhambhita</i> at J.VI,207.(Page 677),11,1
  11907. 392422,en,15,sandana,sandana,Sandana,Sandana,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Vedic syandana] a chariot Mhvs 21,25; Dpvs 14,56; Vv 642; J.IV,103; V,264; VI,22.(Page 677),7,1
  11908. 392423,en,15,sandana,sandana,Sandana,Sandana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) trappings D.II,188 (read sandāna?).(Page 677),7,1
  11909. 392431,en,15,sandana,sandāna,Sandāna,Sandāna,(nt.) [saṁ+dāna,fr.<em>dā</em> to bind:see dāma],a cord,tether,fetter D.II,274; Th.1,290; Dhp 398; Sn.622; J.II,32; Ud.77 (text sandhāna); DhA.IV,161.(Page 677),7,1
  11910. 392445,en,15,sandasa,saṇḍāsa,Saṇḍāsa,Saṇḍāsa,[saṁ+ḍaṁsa,fr.ḍasati] (long) pincers,tweezers A.I,210; J.I,223; III,138; used to pull out hair M.II,75; Vin.II,134.(Page 672),7,1
  11911. 392453,en,15,sandassaka,sandassaka,Sandassaka,Sandassaka,[fr.sandassati,Caus.of sandissati] instructing M.I,145; A.II,97; IV,296; S.V,162; It.107; Miln.373.(Page 677),10,1
  11912. 392458,en,15,sandassana,sandassana,Sandassana,Sandassana,showing J.I,67.(Page 677),10,1
  11913. 392480,en,15,sandati,sandati,Sandati,Sandati,<i> </i>[<i>syand;</i> Dhtp 149:passavane] to flow D.II,128,129 (aor.sandittha); J.I,18; VI,534 (v.l.sikandati= siyandati?); Pv.II,10<sup>4</sup> (=pavatteti PvA.143).-- Caus.<i>sandāpeti</i> to cause to flow Miln.122.-- pp.<i>sanna</i>.‹-› Cp.<i>vissandati </i>&<i> vissandaka</i>.(Page 677),7,1
  11914. 392491,en,15,sandeha,sandeha,Sandeha,Sandeha,[saṁ+deha] 1.accumulation; the human body Dh.148.-- 2.doubt Miln.295.(Page 678),7,1
  11915. 392502,en,15,sandesa,sandesa,Sandesa,Sandesa,[Sk.sandeśa] news,message Mhvs 18,13.(Page 678),7,1
  11916. 392519,en,15,sandhamati,sandhamati,Sandhamati,Sandhamati,[saṁ+dhamati] to blow,to fan J.I,122.‹-› pp.<i>sandhanta</i>.(Page 678),10,1
  11917. 392531,en,15,sandhana,sandhana,Sandhana,Sandhana,(nt.) [saṁ+dhana] property,belongings M.II,180.(Page 678),8,1
  11918. 392539,en,15,sandhana,sandhāna,Sandhāna,Sandhāna,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>dhā</em>] 1.uniting,conciliation,friendship DA.I,74; DhsA.113.-- 2.bond,fetter Ud.77 (read <i>sandāna</i>?).(Page 678),8,1
  11919. 392544,en,15,sandhanta,sandhanta,Sandhanta,Sandhanta,[pp.of sandhamati] blown,smelted (of gold) A.I,253.(Page 678),9,1
  11920. 392546,en,15,sandhapana,sandhāpana,Sandhāpana,Sandhāpana,(nt.) [fr.sandhāpeti,Caus.of sandahati] combination VvA.349.(Page 678),10,1
  11921. 392555,en,15,sandharaka,sandhāraka,Sandhāraka,Sandhāraka,(adj.) [fr.sandhāreti] checking,restraining Vism.205.(Page 678),10,1
  11922. 392562,en,15,sandharana,sandhārana,Sandhārana,Sandhārana,(nt.) [fr.sandhāreti] checking Miln.352.(Page 678),10,1
  11923. 392572,en,15,sandhareti,sandhāreti,Sandhāreti,Sandhāreti,[saṁ+dhāreti] 1.to hold,bear,carry J.III,184.-- 2.to hold up,support J.IV,167.-- 3.to curb,restrain,check Vin.II,212; J.II,26,59.--<i>dussandhāriya</i> difficult to keep back J.III,340.(Page 678),10,1
  11924. 392585,en,15,sandhatar,sandhātar,Sandhātar,Sandhātar,[saṁ+dhātar] one who puts together,a conciliator D.I,4; III,171; M.I,345; A.II,209; Pug.57.(Page 678),9,1
  11925. 392604,en,15,sandhavati,sandhāvati,Sandhāvati,Sandhāvati,[saṁ+dhāvati] to run through,to transmigrate D.I,14; A.II,1; S.III,149; J.I,503; aor.<i>sandhāvissaṁ</i> Dh.153=J.I,76 (=apar’âparaṁ anuvicariṁ DhA.III,128).(Page 678),10,1
  11926. 392619,en,15,sandhaya,sandhāya,Sandhāya,Sandhāya,see <i>sandahati</i>.(Page 678),8,1
  11927. 392629,en,15,sandhi,sandhi,Sandhi,Sandhi,(m. &#38; f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>dhā</em>] 1.union,junction Miln.330 (of 2 roads); Bdhgh on S.II,270 (between 2 houses).‹-› 2.breach,break,hole,chasm D.II,83=A.V,195; Th.1,786; J.V,459.<i>āloka°</i> a window Vin.II,172; <i>sandhiṁ chindati</i> to make a break,to break into a house D.I,52; DA.I,159.-- 3.joint,piece,link J.II,88; Vism.277 (the 5,of kammaṭṭhāna); Mhvs 33,11; 34,47; applied to the joints of the body Vism.185 (the 14 mahā°); DhsA.324.-- 4.connection,combination VbhA.191 (hetuphala° &#38; phalahetu° etc.).-- 5.euphonic junction,euphony,“sandhi” SnA 76.See pada°.-- 6.agreement Mhvs 9,16.<br><br> <i>--cheda</i> (1) housebreaking J.I,187 sq.; II,388.-- (2) one who has brought rebirths (=paṭisandhi) to an end Dh.97; DhA.II,187; III,257.<i>--chedaka</i> one who can cut a break,an underminer J.VI,458.<i>--bheda(ka)</i> causing discord J.III,151.<i>--mukha</i> opening of a break (made by burglars) into a house Th.1,786; PvA.4.<i>--samala</i> (-saṅkaṭīva) refuse heap of a house-sewer (cp.K.S.II.181,203) D.II,160; M.I,334=S.II,270.(Page 678),6,1
  11928. 392645,en,15,sandhika,sandhika,Sandhika,Sandhika,(adj.) (-°),in <i>pañca°</i> having 5 links or pieces Vism.277.(Page 678),8,1
  11929. 392661,en,15,sandhiyati,sandhīyati,Sandhīyati,Sandhīyati,see <i>sandahati</i>.(Page 678),10,1
  11930. 392673,en,15,sandhovati,sandhovati,Sandhovati,Sandhovati,[saṁ+dhovati] to clean A.I,253.(Page 678),10,1
  11931. 392676,en,15,sandhovika,sandhovika,Sandhovika,Sandhovika,[fr.sandhovati] washing; <i>kaṇṇa-sandhovikā khiḍḍā</i> ear-washing sport or gambol (of elephants,with <i>piṭṭhi°</i> etc.) A.V,202.So probably for <i>saṇadhovika</i> at M.I,229,375.Cp.<i>sāṇadhovana</i> (?).(Page 678),10,1
  11932. 392681,en,15,sandhunati,sandhunāti,Sandhunāti,Sandhunāti,[saṁ+dhunāti] to shake D.II,336.(Page 678),10,1
  11933. 392701,en,15,sandhupeti,sandhūpeti,Sandhūpeti,Sandhūpeti,[saṁ+dhūpeti] to fumigate S.III,89; Ps.II,167.As <i>sandhūpāyati</i> to cause thick smoke or steam thickly,at Vin.I,225; Sn.p.15 (=samantā dhūpāyati SnA 154).(Page 678),10,1
  11934. 392716,en,15,sandiddha,sandiddha,Sandiddha,Sandiddha,[saṁ+diddha] smeared,indistinct,husky Vin.II,202; DA.I,282.(Page 678),9,1
  11935. 392738,en,15,sandipeti,sandīpeti,Sandīpeti,Sandīpeti,[saṁ+dīpeti] to kindle J.V,32.(Page 678),9,1
  11936. 392752,en,15,sandissati,sandissati,Sandissati,Sandissati,[saṁ+dissati] to be seen together with,to be engaged in,or to tally,agree with,to live conformably to (Loc.,e.g.dhamme) D.I,102; II,75; S.V,177; Sn.50; D.II,127; Nett 23; ppr.a-saṁdissamāna invisible Dāvs.IV,30; Caus.<i>saṁdasseti</i> to teach,instruct D.I,126; II,95; Vin.I,18; to compare,verify,D.II,124; ppr.sandassiyamāna D.II,124; J.VI,217 (sunakhesu sandissanti,i.e.they are of no more value).(Page 678),10,1
  11937. 392761,en,15,sandita,sandita,Sandita,Sandita,[fr.saṁ+<em>dā</em><i>:</i> see sandāna] bound,tied,Th.1,290 (diṭṭhi-sandāna°).(Page 678),7,1
  11938. 392769,en,15,sandittha,sandiṭṭha,Sandiṭṭha,Sandiṭṭha,[pp.of sandissati] seen together,a friend J.I,106,442; Vin.III,42; yathāsandiṭṭhaṁ,where one’s friends live D.II,98; S.V,152.(Page 677),9,1
  11939. 392776,en,15,sanditthi,sandiṭṭhi,Sandiṭṭhi,Sandiṭṭhi,(f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>dṛś</em>] the visible world,worldly gain D.III,45,247; M.I,43; Sn.891; Vin.II,89; Nd<sup>1</sup> 288,300; <i>°parāmāsin</i> infected with worldliness M.I,97.(Page 677),9,1
  11940. 392782,en,15,sanditthika,sandiṭṭhika,Sandiṭṭhika,Sandiṭṭhika,[cp.BSk.sandṛṣṭika Divy 426] visible; belonging to,of advantage to,this life,actual D.I,51; II,93,217; III,5; M.I,85,474; A.I,156 sq.; II,56,198; S.I,9,117,IV.41,339; Sn.567,1137; Vism.215 sq.-- As <i>sandiṭṭhiyā</i> (f.) at J.VI,213 (Page 677),11,1
  11941. 392803,en,15,sandiyyati,sandiyyati,Sandiyyati,Sandiyyati, &#38; sandīyati [saṁ+diyyati(=dīyati)=Sk.dīyate of dyati,i.e.<i>dā<sup>2</sup></i> to cut:see dātta] to be vexed,to resent S.II,200 sq.; J.VI,570 (spelt wrongly sandhīyati; C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “maṅku hoti”).(Page 678),10,1
  11942. 392815,en,15,sandosa,sandosa,Sandosa,Sandosa,[saṁ+dosa] pollution,defilement M.I,17; A.III,106,358; V,292; Sn.327.(Page 678),7,1
  11943. 392827,en,15,sanga,saṅga,Saṅga,Saṅga,[fr.<em>sañj</em><i>:</i> see sajjati<sup>1</sup>] cleaving,clinging,attachment,bond S.I,25,117 sq.; A.III,311; IV,289; Dh.170,342,etc.; Sn.61,212,386,390,475,etc.; Dhs.1059; DhsA.363; J.III,201; the five saṅgas are rāga,dosa,moha,māna,and diṭṭhi,Thag.633=Dhp.370; DhA.IV,187; seven saṅgas,It.94; Nd<sup>1</sup> 91,432; Nd<sup>2</sup> 620. <i>--âtiga</i> one who has overcome attachment,free from attachment,an Arahant M.I,386; S.I,3,23; IV,158= It.58; Sn.250,473,621; DhA.IV,159.(Page 665),5,1
  11944. 392836,en,15,sangacchati,saṅgacchati,Saṅgacchati,Saṅgacchati,[saṁ+gacchati] to come together,to meet with; ger.<i>°gamma</i> It.123; &#38; <i>°gantvā</i> Sn.290.-- pp.<i>saṅgata</i>.(Page 666),11,1
  11945. 392847,en,15,sangaha,saṅgaha,Saṅgaha,Saṅgaha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>grah</em>] restraining,hindrance,bond It.73 (both reading &#38; meaning very doubtful).(Page 666),7,1
  11946. 392848,en,15,sangaha,saṅgaha,Saṅgaha,Saṅgaha,<sup>1</sup> [fr.saṁ+<em>grah</em>] 1.collecting,gathering,accumulation Vin.I,253; Mhvs 35,28.-- 2.comprising,collection,inclusion,classification Kvu 335 sq.(°kathā),cp.Kvu.trsl<sup>n</sup> 388 sq.; Vism.191,368 (eka°); <i>°ṁ gacchati</i> to be comprised,included,or classified SnA 7,24,291.-- 3.inclusion,i.e.constitution of consciousness,phase Miln.40.-- 4.recension,collection of the Scriptures Mhvs 4,61; 5,95; 38,44; DA.I,131.-- 5.(appl<sup>d</sup>) kind disposition,kindliness,sympathy,friendliness,help,assistance,protection,favour D.III,245; Sn.262,263; A.I,92; J.I,86 sq.; III,471; VI,574; DA.I,318; VvA.63,64; PvA.196 (°ṁ karoti).The 4 <i>saṅgaha-vatthūni</i> or objects (characteristics) of sympathy are:<i>dāna</i>,<i> peyyavajja</i>,<i> atthacariyā</i>,<i> samānattatā</i>,or liberality,kindly speech,a life of usefulness (Rh.D.at Dial.III,145:sagacious conduct; 223:justice),impartiality (? better as state of equality,i.e.sensus communis or feeling of common good).The BSk.equivalents (as saṅgrahavastūni) are <i>dāna</i>,<i> priyavākya</i>,<i> tathārthacaryā</i>,<i> samānasukha-duḥkatā</i> MVastu I.3; and d.,p.,<i>arthakriyā</i>,<i> samānārthatā</i> (=samāna+artha+tā) Lal.Vist.30.Cp.Divy 95,124,264.The P.refs.are D.III,152,232; A.II,32,248; IV,219,364; J.V,330; SnA 236,240.See also Kern,Toev.II.67 s.v.(Page 666),7,1
  11947. 392854,en,15,sangaha,saṅgāha,Saṅgāha,Saṅgāha,(adj.-n.) [fr.saṁ+<em>grah</em>] 1.collecting,collection,Mhvs 10,24.-- 2.restraining,self-restraint A.II,142.(Page 666),7,1
  11948. 392867,en,15,sangahaka,saṅgāhaka,Saṅgāhaka,Saṅgāhaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.saṅgāha] 1.compiling,collection,making a recension J.I,1; Miln.369; VvA.169 (dhamma°).-- 2.treating kindly,compassionate,kind (cp.saṅgaha 5) A.IV,90; J.I,203; III,262.-- 3.(m.) a charioteer D.II,268; J.I,203; II,257; IV,63.(Page 666),9,1
  11949. 392874,en,15,sangahana,saṅgahaṇa,Saṅgahaṇa,Saṅgahaṇa,(adj.) [fr.saṅgaṇhāti] firm,well-supported J.V,484.(Page 666),9,1
  11950. 392883,en,15,sangahika,saṅgāhika,Saṅgāhika,Saṅgāhika,(adj.) [=last] 1.comprising,including J.I,160; Vism.6; DA.I,94.-- 2.holding together M.I,322=A.III,10.-- 3.comprehensive,concise J.II,236.(Page 666),9,1
  11951. 392889,en,15,sangahita,saṅgahita,Saṅgahita,Saṅgahita,( &#38; °gahīta) [pp.of saṅgaṇhāti] 1.comprised,included Miln.40 (eka°); PvA.80.-- 2.collected Mhvs 10,24.-- 3.grouped Kvu 335 sq.-- 4.restrained Sn.388 (°attabhāva); SnA 291 (°atta).-- 5.kindly disposed Vv 11<sup>6</sup>=Pv IV.1<sup>60</sup> (°attabhāva=paresaṁ saṅgaṇha-sīla VvA.59,i.e.of sympathetic nature).(Page 666),9,1
  11952. 392900,en,15,sangama,saṅgama,Saṅgama,Saṅgama,[fr.saṁ+<em>gam</em>] 1.meeting,intercourse,association Sn.681; J.II,42; III,488; V,483.-- 2.sexual intercourse M.I,407; J.IV,106.(Page 666),7,1
  11953. 392906,en,15,sangama,saṅgāma,Saṅgāma,Saṅgāma,[fr.saṁ+<i>*gam:</i> see grāma; lit.“collection”] a fight,battle D.I,46; II,285; M.I,86,253; S.I,98; IV,308 sq.; A.I,106; II,116; III,94; Vin.I,6; It.75; Sn.440; Nd<sup>2</sup> 199; Pug.68; J.I,358; II,11; Miln.332; Vism.401.Cp.<i>vijita°</i>.<br><br> <i>--âvacara</i> whose sphere is the battle,quite at home on the battlefield J.II,94,95; Vin.V,163 sq.,183 (here said fig.of the bhikkhu).--ji (saṅgāma-j-uttama) victorious in battle Dh.103 (cp.DhA.II,227=saṅgāma-sīsa-yodha).<i>--bheri</i> battle drum DhA.III,298; IV,25.<i>--yodha</i> a warrior J.I,358.(Page 666),7,1
  11954. 392931,en,15,sangameti,saṅgāmeti,Saṅgāmeti,Saṅgāmeti,[denom.fr.saṅgāma; given as special root <i>saṅgām°</i> at Dhtp 605 with def<sup>n</sup> “yuddha”] to fight,to come into conflict with Vin.II,195; III,108; It.75; J.II,11,212.aor.<i>°gāmesi</i> J.V,417,420 (C.=samāgami,cp.saṅgacchati).(Page 666),9,1
  11955. 392946,en,15,sangana,saṅgaṇa,Saṅgaṇa,Saṅgaṇa,(adj.) [sa+aṅgaṇa] sinful Sn.279.Cp.sāṅgaṇa.(Page 666),7,1
  11956. 392949,en,15,sangana,sāṅgaṇa,Sāṅgaṇa,Sāṅgaṇa,(adj.) [sa+aṅgaṇa] full of lust,impure M.I,24 (var.read saṅgaṇa; this is also the reading at Sn.279,see above).(Page 702),7,1
  11957. 392951,en,15,sanganha,saṅgaṇha,Saṅgaṇha,Saṅgaṇha,(adj.) [fr.saṁ+<em>grah</em>] showing kindness,helping VvA.59 (°sīla).(Page 666),8,1
  11958. 392960,en,15,sanganhati,saṅgaṇhāti,Saṅgaṇhāti,Saṅgaṇhāti,[saṁ+gaṇhāti] 1.to comprise PvA.80,117; SnA 200 (ger.°gahetvā),347 (°gaṇhitvā).-- 2.to collect Mhvs 10,24.-- 3.to contain,include Miln.40.-- 4.to compile,abridge Mhvs 37,244.-- 5.to take up; to treat kindly,sympathize with,favour,help,protect Vin.I,50; J.II,6; IV,132; V,426 (aor.°gaṇhi),438 (to favour with one’s love),510; Miln.234; KhA 160.‹-› aor.<i>saṅgahesi</i> Mhvs 38,31; fut.<i>°gahissati</i> J.VI,392; ger.<i>°gahetvā</i> Mhvs 37,244; grd.<i>°gahetabba</i> Vin.I,50; ppr.Pass.<i>°gayhamāna</i> DhsA.18.-- pp.<i>saṅgahita</i>.‹-› Caus.II.<i>saṅgaṇhāpeti</i>:see pari° (e.g.J.VI,328).(Page 666),10,1
  11959. 392973,en,15,sanganika,saṅgaṇikā,Saṅgaṇikā,Saṅgaṇikā,(f.) [saṁ+gaṇa+ikā,cp.BSk.saṅgaṇikā MVastu II.355; Divy 464] communication,association,society Vin.I,45; A.III,256; J.I,106.<br><br> <i>--ārāma</i> delighting in society D.II,78; M.III,110; VbhA.474.<i>--ārāmatā</i> delight in company D.II,78; M.III,110; A.III,116,293 sq.,310,422.<i>--rata</i> fond of society D.II,78; Sn.54; cp.saṅgaṇike rata Th.1,84.<i>--vihāra</i> (saṅgaṇika°) living in society A.III,104; IV,342.(Page 666),9,1
  11960. 392990,en,15,sangara,saṅgara,Saṅgara,Saṅgara,[fr.saṁ+<em>gṛ</em><i><sup>1</sup></i> to sing,proclaim,cp.gāyati &#38; gīta] 1.a promise,agreement J.IV,105,111,473; V,25,479; <i>saṅgaraṁ karoti</i> to make a compact Vin.I,247; J.IV,105; V,479.-- 2.(also nt.) a fight M.III,187=Nett 149; S.V,109.(Page 666),7,1
  11961. 392997,en,15,sangata,saṅgata,Saṅgata,Saṅgata,[pp.of saṅgacchati] 1.come together,met Sn.807,1102 (=samāgata samohita sannipātita Nd<sup>2</sup> 621); nt.<i>saṅgataṁ</i> association Dh.207.-- 2.compact,tightly fastened or closed,well-joined Vv 64<sup>2</sup> (=nibbivara VvA.275).(Page 666),7,1
  11962. 393004,en,15,sangati,saṅgati,Saṅgati,Saṅgati,(f.) [fr.saṅgacchati] 1.meeting,intercourse J.IV,98; V,78,483.In def<sup>n</sup> of yajati (=service?) at Dhtp 62 &#38; Dhtm 79.-- 2.union,combination M.I,111; S.II,72; IV,32 sq.,68 sq.; Vbh.138 (=VbhA.188).‹-› 3.accidental occurrence D.I,53; DA.I,161.(Page 666),7,1
  11963. 393012,en,15,sangatika,saṅgatika,Saṅgatika,Saṅgatika,[adj.] kalyāṇa°,pāpa°,united with,M.II,222,227.(Page 666),9,1
  11964. 393024,en,15,sangayati,saṅgāyati,Saṅgāyati,Saṅgāyati,[saṁ+gāyati] to chant,proclaim (cp.saṅgara),to rehearse,to establish the text of the B.scriptures Vin.II,285; DA.I,25 (Buddha-vacanaṁ).-- pp.<i>saṅgīta</i>.(Page 666),9,1
  11965. 393036,en,15,sangayika,saṅgāyika,Saṅgāyika,Saṅgāyika,(adj.) [fr.saṅgāyati] connected with the proclamation; <i>dhamma°-therā</i> the Elders gathered in the council for proclaiming the Doctrine J.V,56.(Page 666),9,1
  11966. 393049,en,15,sangha,saṅgha,Saṅgha,Saṅgha,[fr.saṁ+<em>hṛ</em><i>;</i> lit.“comprising.” The quâsi pop.etym.at VvA.233 is “diṭṭhi-sīla-sāmaññena saṅghāṭabhāvena saṅgha”] 1.multitude,assemblage Miln.403 (kāka°); J.I,52 (sakuṇa°); Sn.589 (ñāti°); 680 (deva°); D.III,23 (miga°); Vv 5<sup>5</sup> (accharā°=samūha VvA.37).<i>bhikkhu°</i> an assembly of Buddhist priests A.I,56,etc.; D.I,1,etc.; S.I,236; Sum I.230,280; Vin.I,16; II,147; <i>bhikkhunī°</i> an assembly of nuns S.V,360; Vin.I,140; <i>sāvaka°</i> an assembly of disciples A.I,208; D.II,93; S.I,220; PvA.195,etc.; <i>samaṇa°</i> an assembly of ascetics Sn.550.-- 2.the Order,the priesthood,the clergy,the Buddhist church A.I,68,123,etc.; D.I,2,etc.; III,102,126,193,246; S.IV,270 sq.; Sn.227,etc.; J.II,147,etc.; Dhs.1004; It.11,12,88; Vin.I,102,326; II,164,etc.‹-› 3.a larger assemblage,a community A.II,55=Sv.400; M.I,231 (cp.gaṇa).-- On the formula Buddha,Dhamma,Sṅngha see dhamma C 2.<br><br> <i>--ânussati</i> meditation on the Order (a kammaṭṭhāna) D.III,250,280; A.I,30; J.I,97.<i>--ārāma</i> a residence for members of the Order J.I,94; VbhA.13.<i>--kamma</i> an act or ceremony performed by a chapter of bhikkhus assembled in solemn conclave Vin.I,123 (cp.I.53,143 &#38; expl<sup>n</sup> at S.B.E.XXII.7); III,38 sq.; J.I,341.<i>--gata</i> gone into the saṅgha,joining the community M.I,469.<i>--thera</i> senior of the congregation Vin.II,212,303.<i>--bhatta</i> food given to the community of bhikkhus Vin.I,58; II,109,212.<i>--bhinna</i> schismatic Vin.V,216.<i>--bheda</i> causing dissension among the Order Vin.I,150; II,180 sq.; A.II,239 sq.; It.11; Tikp 167,171; J.VI,129; VbhA.425 sq.<i>--bhedaka</i> causing dissension or divisions,schismatic Vin.I,89,136,168; It.11.<i>--māmaka</i> devoted to the Saṅgha DhA.I,206.<i>--rāji</i> [=rāji<sup>2</sup>] dissension in the Order Vin.I,339; II,203=VbhA.428; Vin.IV,37.(Page 667),6,1
  11967. 393085,en,15,sanghadisesa,saṅghādisesa,Saṅghādisesa,Saṅghādisesa,[unexplained as regards etym.; Geiger,P.Gr.§ 38<sup>3</sup>,after S.Lévi,= saṅgh’âtisesa; but atisesa does not occur in Pāli] requiring suspension from the Order; a class of offences which can be decided only by a formal saṅgha-kamma Vin.II,38 sq.; III,112,186; IV,110 sq.,225 (where explained); A.II,242; Vism.22; DhA.III,5.(Page 667),12,1
  11968. 393104,en,15,sanghamsati,saṅghaṁsati,Saṅghaṁsati,Saṅghaṁsati,[saṁ+ghaṁsati] to rub together,to rub against Vin.II,315 (Bdhgh).(Page 667),11,1
  11969. 393108,en,15,sanghani,saṅghāṇi,Saṅghāṇi,Saṅghāṇi,(f.) a loin-cloth Vin.IV,339 sq.(Page 667),8,1
  11970. 393112,en,15,sanghara,saṅghara,Saṅghara,Saṅghara,=saghara [sa<sup>4</sup>+ghara] one’s own house J.V,222.(Page 667),8,1
  11971. 393118,en,15,sangharana,saṅgharaṇa,Saṅgharaṇa,Saṅgharaṇa,(nt.) [=saṁharaṇa] accumulation J.III,319 (dhana°).(Page 667),10,1
  11972. 393121,en,15,sangharati,saṅgharati,Saṅgharati,Saṅgharati,[=saṁharati] 1.to bring together,collect,accumulate J.III,261; IV,36 (dhanaṁ),371; V,383.‹-› 2.to crush,to pound J.I,493.(Page 667),10,1
  11973. 393133,en,15,sanghata,saṅghāṭa,Saṅghāṭa,Saṅghāṭa,[fr.saṁ+ghaṭeti,lit.“binding together”; on etym.see Kern,Toev.II.68] 1.a raft J.II,20,332 (nāvā°); III,362 (id.),371.Miln.376.<i>dāru°</i> (=nāvā°) J.V,194,195.-- 2.junction,union VvA.233.-- 3.collection,aggregate J.IV,15 (upāhana°); Th.1,519 (papañca°).Freq.as <i>aṭṭhi°</i> (cp.saṅkhalā etc.) a string of bones,i.e.a skeleton Th.1,570; DhA.III,112; J.V,256.-- 4.a weft,tangle,mass (almost=“robe,” i.e.saṅghāṭī),in <i>taṇhā°-paṭimukka</i> M.I,271; <i>vāda°-paṭimukka</i> M.I,383 (Neumann “defeat”); <i>diṭṭhi°-paṭimukka</i> Miln.390.‹-› 5.a post,in <i>piṭṭha°</i> door-post,lintel Vin.II,120.(Page 667),8,1
  11974. 393143,en,15,sanghata,saṅghāta,Saṅghāta,Saṅghāta,[saṁ+ghāta] 1.striking,killing,murder Vin.I,137; D.I,141; II,354; M.I,78; A.II,42 sq.-- 2.knocking together (cp.saṅghaṭṭeti),snapping of the fingers (acchara°) A.I,34,38; J.VI,64.-- 3.accumulation,aggregate,multitude PvA.206 (aṭṭhi° mass of bones,for the usual °saṅghāṭa); Nett 28.-- 4.N.of one of the 8 principle purgatories J.V,266,270.(Page 667),8,1
  11975. 393152,en,15,sanghatanika,saṅghātanika,Saṅghātanika,Saṅghātanika,(adj.) [fr.saṅghāta or saṅghāṭa] holding or binding together M.I,322 (+agga-saṅgāhika); A.III,10 (id.); Vin.I,70 (“the decisive moment” Vin.Texts I.190).(Page 667),12,1
  11976. 393171,en,15,sanghati,saṅghāṭī,Saṅghāṭī,Saṅghāṭī,(f.) [fr.saṅghaṭeti; cp.BSk.saṅghāṭī Divy 154,159,494] one of the three robes of a Buddhist Vin.I,46,289; II,78,135,213; D.I,70; II,65; M.I,281; II,45; S.I,175; A.II,104,106 sq.,210; IV,169 sq.; V,123; Pv IV.1<sup>46</sup>; VbhA.359 (°cīvara); PvA.43.<br><br> <i>--cāra</i> wandering about in a saṅghāṭī,having deposited the cīvara Vin.IV,281.<i>--vāsin</i> dressed in a s.Sn.456.(Page 667),8,1
  11977. 393174,en,15,sanghatika,saṅghāṭika,Saṅghāṭika,Saṅghāṭika,(adj.) [fr.saṅghāṭī] wearing a saṅghāṭī M.I,281.(Page 667),10,1
  11978. 393179,en,15,sanghatita,saṅghaṭita,Saṅghaṭita,Saṅghaṭita,[saṁ+ghaṭita,for °ghaṭṭita,pp.of ghaṭṭeti] 1.struck,sounded,resounding with (-°) J.V,9 (v.l.ṭṭ); Miln.2.-- 2.pierced together,pegged together,constructed Miln.161 (nāvā nānā-dāru°).(Page 667),10,1
  11979. 393184,en,15,sanghatta,saṅghaṭṭa,Saṅghaṭṭa,Saṅghaṭṭa,<sup>2</sup> (?) bangle Sn.48 (<i>°yanta</i>):thus Nd<sup>2</sup> reading for <i>°māna</i> (ppr.med.of saṅghaṭṭeti).(Page 667),9,1
  11980. 393185,en,15,sanghatta,saṅghaṭṭa,Saṅghaṭṭa,Saṅghaṭṭa,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [fr.saṁ+<em>ghaṭṭ</em>] knocking against,offending,provoking,making angry J.VI,295.(Page 667),9,1
  11981. 393189,en,15,sanghattana,saṅghaṭṭana,Saṅghaṭṭana,Saṅghaṭṭana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.saṅghaṭṭeti] 1.rubbing or striking together,close contact,impact S.IV,215; V,212; J.VI,65; Vism.112; DA.I,256 (aṅguli°).‹-› 2.bracelet (?) SnA 96 (on Sn.48).(Page 667),11,1
  11982. 393197,en,15,sanghatteti,saṅghaṭṭeti,Saṅghaṭṭeti,Saṅghaṭṭeti,[saṁ+ghaṭṭeti] 1.to knock against Vin.II,208.-- 2.to sound,to ring Mhvs 21,29 (°aghaṭṭayi).-- 3 to knock together,to rub against each other J.IV,98 (aṁsena aṁsaṁ samaghaṭṭayimha); Dāvs III,87.-- 4.to provoke by scoffing,to make angry J.VI,295 (paraṁ asaṅghaṭṭento,C.on asaṅghaṭṭa); VvA.139 (pres.pass.°ghaṭṭiyati).-- pp.<i>saṅghaṭ(ṭ)ita</i>.(Page 667),11,1
  11983. 393212,en,15,sanghika,saṅghika,Saṅghika,Saṅghika,(adj.) [fr.saṅgha] belonging to,or connected with the Order Vin.I,250.(Page 667),8,1
  11984. 393217,en,15,sanghin,saṅghin,Saṅghin,Saṅghin,(adj.) [fr.saṅgha] having a crowd (of followers),the head of an order D.I,47,116; S.I,68; Miln.4; DA.I,143.--<i>saṅghâsaṅghī</i> (pl.) in crowds,with crowds (redupl.cpd.!),with <i>gaṇi-bhūtā</i> “crowd upon crowd” at D.I,112,128; II,317; DA.I,280.(Page 667),7,1
  11985. 393225,en,15,sanghuttha,saṅghuṭṭha,Saṅghuṭṭha,Saṅghuṭṭha,(adj.) [saṁ+ghuṭṭha] 1.resounding (with) J.VI,60,277 (turiya-tāḷita°); Mhvs 15,196; 29,25 (turiya°); Sdhp.298.-- 2.proclaimed,announced PvA.73.(Page 667),10,1
  11986. 393234,en,15,sangita,saṅgīta,Saṅgīta,Saṅgīta,[pp.of saṅgāyati] sung; uttered,proclaimed,established as the text Vin.II,290; J.I,1; DA.I,25 (of the Canon,said to have been rehearsed in seven months).-- (nt.) a song,chant,chorus D.II,138; J.VI,529.(Page 666),7,1
  11987. 393242,en,15,sangiti,saṅgīti,Saṅgīti,Saṅgīti,(f.) [fr.saṁgāyati; BSk.saṅgīti Divy 61] 1.a song,chorus,music J.I,32 (dibba°); VI,528 (of birds).-- 2.proclamation (cp.saṅgara),rehearsal,general convocation of the Buddhist clergy in order to settle questions of doctrine and to fix the text of the Scriptures.The first Council is alleged to have been held at Rājagaha,Vin.II,284 sq.; Dpvs.IV,; Mhvs III,; DA.I,2 sq.; SnA 67,483.The second Council at Vesāli Vin.II,294 sq.; Dpvs.IV,27 sq.; Mhvs.IV,; the third at Pāṭaliputta,Dpvs VII.34 sq.; Mhvs.V,268 sq.A Council of heretics,the so-called <i>Mahāsaṅgīti</i>,is mentioned Dpvs.V,31 sq.‹-› 3.text rehearsed,recension Vin.II,290; DA.I,17; Miln.175 (dhamma°); text,formula Vin.I,95; II,274,278.On the question of the Councils see especially Franke J.P.T.S.1908,1 sq.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> editor of a redaction of the Holy Scriptures SnA 42 sq.,292,394,413 sq.,504 and passim; PvA.49,70,etc.<i>--kāraka</i> id J.I,345 <i>--kāla</i> the time of the redaction of the Pāli Canon,or of (one of them,probably the last) the Council Tikp 241; SnA 580; VvA.270.<i>--pariyāya</i> the discourse on the Holy Text D.III,271 (Rh.D.“scheme of chanting together”).(Page 666),7,1
  11988. 393263,en,15,sangopeti,saṅgopeti,Saṅgopeti,Saṅgopeti,[saṁ+gopeti] to guard; to keep,preserve; to hold on to (Acc.) J.IV,351 (dhanaṁ).(Page 667),9,1
  11989. 393269,en,15,sangulika,saṅguḷikā,Saṅguḷikā,Saṅguḷikā,(f.) [either=Sk.śaṣkulikā,cp,sakkhali 2,or fr.saguḷa=saṅguḷa] a cake Vin.II,17; DhA.II,75; cp.saṅkulikā A.III,78.(Page 667),9,1
  11990. 393275,en,15,sanha,saṇha,Saṇha,Saṇha,(adj.) [cp.Sk.ślakṣṇa] 1.smooth,soft Vin.I,202; II,151; Vv 50<sup>18</sup> (=mudu VvA.213); Vism.260=KhA 59.<i>saṇhena</i> softly Th.1,460.-- 2.gentle,mild D.II,259; Sn.853; J.I,202,376; Nd<sup>1</sup> 234; PvA.56,215.Of speech (opp.<i>pharusa</i> harsh) M.I,126; A.III,196; Dhs.1343.‹-› 3.delicate,exquisite Th.2,258,262,264,268.Cp.pari°.<br><br> <i>--karaṇī</i> “a wooden instrument for smoothing the ground,or a sort of trowel,” Abhp 1007; J.IV,250 (Loc.°iyaṁ piṁsito); IV,4 (°ī viya tilāni piṁsamānā); V,271; VI,114 (asani viya viravanto °iyaṁ viya piṁsanto); cp.KhA 59; thus it seems to mean also a sort of instrument for oil-pressing,or a mortar.(Page 672),5,1
  11991. 393280,en,15,sanhaka,saṇhaka,Saṇhaka,Saṇhaka,at J.III,394 (of hair growing white “saṇhakasadisā”) according to Kern,Toev.II.69 (coarse) hempen cloth (=<i>sāṇavāka</i>),as indicated by v.l.sāṇalāka.Thus a der.fr.saṇa=sāṇa.Kern compares P.tuṇhīra= tūṇīra; Sk.śaṇa=śāṇaka.According to Andersen,Pāli Glossary “betelnut” (=saṇha).(Page 672),7,1
  11992. 393294,en,15,sanheti,saṇheti,Saṇheti,Saṇheti,[Caus.fr.saṇha] to brush down,smooth (kese):only as cpd.<i>o°</i> at Vin.II,107; J.IV,219.(Page 672),7,1
  11993. 393310,en,15,sani,sāṇī,Sāṇī,Sāṇī,(f.) [fr.saṇa] hemp-cloth D.II,350; Vin.III,17; a screen,curtain,tent J.I,58,148 sq.,178,419; DhA.I,194; II,49.°-pākāra a screen-wall Vin.IV,269,279; J.II,88; DhA.II,68,71,186; VvA.173; PvA.283; Mhvs 7,27; sāṇipasibbaka a sack or bag of hempcloth Vin.III,17<sup>10</sup>.-- <i>paṭṭa-sāṇī</i> a screen of fine cloth J.I,395.(Page 702),4,1
  11994. 393319,en,15,sanidassana,sanidassana,Sanidassana,Sanidassana,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+nidassana] visible D.III,217; Dhs.1087.(Page 675),11,1
  11995. 393327,en,15,sanika,sāṇikā,Sāṇikā,Sāṇikā,(f.) [fr.sāṇī] a curtain J.III,462.(Page 702),6,1
  11996. 393331,en,15,sanikam,saṇikaṁ,Saṇikaṁ,Saṇikaṁ,(adv.) [fr.last] slowly,gently,gradually D.II,333; M.I,120; S.I,82,203; J.I,9,292; II,103; Miln.117; DA.I,197; DhA.I,60,389; VvA.36,178.(Page 671),7,1
  11997. 393339,en,15,sanim,saṇiṁ,Saṇiṁ,Saṇiṁ,(adv.) [cp.Sk.śanaiḥ] softly,gradually Sn.350; Mhvs 25,84.(Page 671),5,1
  11998. 393361,en,15,sanjadiya,sañjādiya,Sañjādiya,Sañjādiya,a grove,wood J.V,417,421 (v.l sañcāriya).(Page 670),9,1
  11999. 393369,en,15,sanjagghati,sañjagghati,Sañjagghati,Sañjagghati,[saṁ+jagghati] to joke,to jest D.I,91; A.IV,55,343; DA.I,256.(Page 669),11,1
  12000. 393377,en,15,sanjambhari,sañjambhari,Sañjambhari,Sañjambhari,in <i>°ṁ karoti</i> is not clear in der<sup>n</sup> &#38; meaning; perhaps “to tease,abuse,” see D.I,189 (°riyaṁ); A.I,187; S.II,282.Probably fr.bhṛ (Intensive jarbhṛta Vedic!) as *jarbhari.See on der<sup>n</sup> Konow,J.P.T.S.1909,42; Kern,Toev.II.69.The C.on S.II,282 (K.S.II.203) expl<sup>s</sup> as “sambharitaṁ nirantaraṁ phuṭaṁ akaṁsu,upari vijjhiṁsū ti,” i.e.continually touching (or nudging) (phuṭa=phuṭṭha or phoṭita).(Page 670),11,1
  12001. 393384,en,15,sanjanana,sañjanana,Sañjanana,Sañjanana,(nt.) producing; f.<i>°ī</i> progenetrix (identical with taṇhā) Dhs.1059; DhsA.363.(Page 670),9,1
  12002. 393390,en,15,sanjanana,sañjānana,Sañjānana,Sañjānana,(nt.) &#38; °ā (f.) [fr.sañjānāti] knowing,perceiving,recognition Miln.61; DA.I,211; characteristic,that by which one is distinguished DhsA.321.As f.at Dhs.4; DhsA.110,140 (trsl<sup>n</sup> Expos.185:“the act of perceiving by noting”).(Page 670),9,1
  12003. 393404,en,15,sanjanati,sañjanati,Sañjanati,Sañjanati,[saṁ+janati] to be born; only in Caus.<i>°janeti</i> to cause,produce; realize Pug.16; Sdhp.564 (ger.°janayitvāna).-- pp.<i>sañjāta</i>.See also Pass.<i>saṁjāyati</i>.(Page 670),9,1
  12004. 393409,en,15,sanjanati,sañjānāti,Sañjānāti,Sañjānāti,[saṁ+jānāti] 1.to recognize,perceive,know,to be aware of Vin.III,112; D.II,12; M.I,111,473; S.III,87; A.V,46,60,63; J.I,135; IV,194; ThA.110.-- 2.to think,to suppose J.II,98.-- 3.to call,name,nickname D.I,93; J.I,148.-- Aor.sañjāni DA.I,261; ger.saññāya J.I,187; II,98; saññatvā M.I,1; and sañjānitvā J.I,352.-- Caus.saññāpeti (q.v.).-- pp.saññāta.(Page 670),9,1
  12005. 393417,en,15,sanjanetar,sañjanetar,Sañjanetar,Sañjanetar,[n.ag.fr.sañjaneti] one who produces S.I,191; III,66.(Page 670),10,1
  12006. 393420,en,15,sanjanetar,sañjānetar,Sañjānetar,Sañjānetar,at S.III,66 read sañjanetā.(Page 670),10,1
  12007. 393436,en,15,sanjanitatta,sañjānitatta,Sañjānitatta,Sañjānitatta,(nt.) [fr.sañjānita,pp.Caus.of sañjānāti] the state of having perceived Dhs.4.(Page 670),12,1
  12008. 393447,en,15,sanjata,sañjāta,Sañjāta,Sañjāta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+jāta] of the same origin (con-gener) J.IV,134.Cp.sajāti.(Page 670),7,1
  12009. 393448,en,15,sanjata,sañjāta,Sañjāta,Sañjāta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of sañjanati] having become,produced,arisen Dhs.1035 (+bhūta &#38; other syn.).°- full of,grown into,being in a state of Sn.53 (°khandha=susaṇṭhita° SnA 103); VvA.312,318 (°gārava full of respect),324 (°pasāda).(Page 670),7,1
  12010. 393464,en,15,sanjati,sañjati,Sañjati,Sañjati,is the P.correspondent of sajati<sup>1</sup> <i>(</i><em>sṛj</em><i>)</i>,but Sk.<em>sañj</em>=sajjati (to hang on,cling),which at Dhtp 67 &#38; 397 def<sup>d</sup> as <i>saṅga</i>.The Dhtp (64) &#38; Dhtm (82) take <em>sañj</em> in all meanings of <i>āliṅgana</i> (=sajati<sup>2</sup>),<i>vissagga</i> (=sajati<sup>1</sup>), &#38; <i>nimmāna</i> (=sajjeti).(Page 669),7,1
  12011. 393470,en,15,sanjati,sañjāti,Sañjāti,Sañjāti,(f.) [saṁ+jāti] birth,origin; outcome; produce D.I,227; II,305.(Page 670),7,1
  12012. 393484,en,15,sanjayati,sañjāyati,Sañjāyati,Sañjāyati,[saṁ+jāyati,cp.sañjanati] to be born or produced D.I,220; J.II,97; aor.sañjāyi D.II,209; Vin.I,32; ppr.°jāyamāna J.V,384.(Page 670),9,1
  12013. 393497,en,15,sanjha,sañjhā,Sañjhā,Sañjhā,(f.) [cp.Sk.sandhyā] evening; only in cpds.°ātapa evening sun VvA.4,12; °ghana evening cloud ThA.146 (Ap.V,44); Dāvs.V,60.(Page 670),6,1
  12014. 393508,en,15,sanjinna,sañjiṇṇa,Sañjiṇṇa,Sañjiṇṇa,[saṁ+jiṇṇa] decayed J.I,503 (v.l.).(Page 670),8,1
  12015. 393513,en,15,sanjitar,sañjitar,Sañjitar,Sañjitar,[n.ag.fr.sajati<sup>1</sup>,cp.sañjati] creator,one who assigns to each his station D.I,18,221; M.I,327; DA.I,111 (v.l.sajjitar,cp.Sk.sraṣṭar).(Page 670),8,1
  12016. 393523,en,15,sanjivana,sañjīvana,Sañjīvana,Sañjīvana,(adj.) [fr.saṁ+<em>jīv</em>] reviving ThA.181 (Ap.V,23:putta°).(Page 670),9,1
  12017. 393533,en,15,sanka,saṅkā,Saṅkā,Saṅkā,(f.) [fr.<em>śaṅk</em><i>:</i> see saṅkati] doubt,uncertainty,fear (cp.visaṅka) J.VI,158; DhA.III,485.(Page 662),5,1
  12018. 393538,en,15,sankaccha,saṅkacchā,Saṅkacchā,Saṅkacchā,(f.) [saṁ+kacchā<sup>1</sup>] part of a woman’s dress,bodice,girdle (?) J.V,96 (suvaṇṇa°).(Page 662),9,1
  12019. 393540,en,15,sankacchika,saṅkacchika,Saṅkacchika,Saṅkacchika,(nt.) [fr.saṅkacchā] a part of clothing,belt,waist-cloth Vin.II,272; IV,345.The C.expl<sup>n</sup> is incorrect.(Page 662),11,1
  12020. 393547,en,15,sankaddhati,saṅkaḍḍhati,Saṅkaḍḍhati,Saṅkaḍḍhati,[saṁ+kaḍḍhati] 1.to collect M.I,135; J.I,254; IV,224; Dh.I,49; Pass.<i>°khaḍḍiyati</i> Vism.251 (ppr.°iyamāna being collected,comprising).-- 2.to examine,scrutinize J.VI,351 (cintetvā °kaḍḍhituṁ).(Page 662),11,1
  12021. 393556,en,15,sankalaha,saṅkalaha,Saṅkalaha,Saṅkalaha,[saṁ+kalaha] inciting words,quarrel J.V,393.(Page 662),9,1
  12022. 393562,en,15,sankalana,saṅkalana,Saṅkalana,Saṅkalana,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>kal</em> to produce] addition DA.I,95; MA.I,2.(Page 662),9,1
  12023. 393568,en,15,sankama,saṅkama,Saṅkama,Saṅkama,[fr.saṁ+<em>kram</em>] a passage,bridge M.I,439; Vin.III,127; J.III,373 (attānaṁ °ṁ katvā yo sotthiṁ samatārayi); Miln.91,229.(Page 662),7,1
  12024. 393574,en,15,sankamana,saṅkamana,Saṅkamana,Saṅkamana,(nt.) [fr.saṅkamati] lit.“going over,” i e.step; hence “bridge,” passage,path S.I,110; Vv 52<sup>22</sup>; 77<sup>5</sup>; Pv.II,7<sup>8</sup>; II,9<sup>25</sup>; J.VI,120 (papā°).Cp.<i>upa°</i>.(Page 662),9,1
  12025. 393584,en,15,sankamati,saṅkamati,Saṅkamati,Saṅkamati,[saṁ+kamati] 1.to go on,to pass over to (Acc.),to join D.I,55 (ākāsaṁ indriyāni s.); Vin.I,54; II,138 (bhikkhū rukkhā rukkhaṁ s.,climb fr.tree to tree); Kvu 565 sq.(jhānā jhānaṁ).-- 2.to transmigrate Miln.71 sq.(+paṭisandahati).-- grd.<i>saṅkamanīya</i> to be passed on or transferred Vin.I,190; <i>cīvara°</i> a dress that should be handed over,which does not belong to one Vin.IV,282.-- pp.<i>saṅkanta</i>.-- Caus.<i>saṅkāmeti</i> (1) to pass over,to cause to go,to move,to shift Vin.III,49,58,59.-- 2.to come in together (sensations to the heart) DhsA.264.-- Cp.<i>upa°</i>.(Page 662),9,1
  12026. 393599,en,15,sankampati,saṅkampati,Saṅkampati,Saṅkampati,[saṁ+kampati] to tremble,shake Vin.I,12; D.II,12,108; J.I,25.-- Caus.<i>saṅkampeti</i> id.D.II,108.(Page 662),10,1
  12027. 393617,en,15,sankanta,saṅkanta,Saṅkanta,Saṅkanta,[pp.of saṅkamati] gone together with (-°),gone over to,joined Vin.I,60; IV,217.(Page 662),8,1
  12028. 393625,en,15,sankantati,saṅkantati,Saṅkantati,Saṅkantati,[saṁ+kantati] to cut all round,M.III,275.(Page 662),10,1
  12029. 393630,en,15,sankanti,saṅkanti,Saṅkanti,Saṅkanti,(f.) [fr.saṅkamati] transition,passage Kvu 569; Vism.374 sq.(Page 662),8,1
  12030. 393636,en,15,sankantika,saṅkantika,Saṅkantika,Saṅkantika,[fr.saṅkanta] a school of thought (lit.gone over to a faction),a subdivision of the Sabbatthivādins S.V,14; Vism.374 sq.; Mhvs 5,6; Dpvs 5,48; Mhbv 97.(Page 662),10,1
  12031. 393645,en,15,sankapeti,saṅkāpeti,Saṅkāpeti,Saṅkāpeti,[fr.saṁ+<em>kḷp</em>] to prepare,get ready,undertake Vin.I,137 (vass’āvāsaṁ); S.IV,312.(Page 662),9,1
  12032. 393652,en,15,sankappa,saṅkappa,Saṅkappa,Saṅkappa,[saṁ+<em>kḷp</em>,cp.kappeti fig.meaning] thought,intention,purpose,plan D.III,215; S.II,143 sq.; A.I,281; II,36; Dh.74; Sn.154,1144; Nd<sup>1</sup> 616 (=vitakka ñāṇa paññā buddhi); Dhs.21; DhA.II,78.As equivalent of <i>vitakka</i> also at D.III,215; A.IV,385; Dhs.7.--<i>kāma°</i> a lustful thought A.III,259; V,31.<i>paripuṇṇa°</i> having one’s intentions fulfilled M.I,192; III,276; D.III,42; A.V,92,97 sq.; <i>sara°</i> memories &#38; hopes M.I,453; S.IV,76; vyāpāda°,vihiṁsa°,malicious,cruel purposes,M.II,27 sq.; <i>sammā°</i> right thoughts or intentions,one of the aṅgas of the 8--fold Path (ariya-magga) Vin.I,10; D.II,312; A.III,140; VbhA.117.Saṅkappa is def<sup>d</sup> at DhsA.124 as <i>(cetaso) abhiniropanā</i>,i.e.application of the mind.See on term also Cpd.238.(Page 662),8,1
  12033. 393667,en,15,sankappeti,saṅkappeti,Saṅkappeti,Saṅkappeti,[Den.fr.saṅkappa] 1.to imagine; wish A.II,36; M.I,402; Pug.19.-- 2.to determine,to think about,strive after J.III,449 sq.(Page 662),10,1
  12034. 393680,en,15,sankara,saṅkara,Saṅkara,Saṅkara,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [cp.Sk.śaṅkara] blissful Mhbv 4 (sabba°).(Page 662),7,1
  12035. 393681,en,15,sankara,saṅkara,Saṅkara,Saṅkara,<sup>1</sup> (fight,confusion) wrongly for <i>saṅgara</i> Nett 149,in quot.fr.M.III,187.(Page 662),7,1
  12036. 393688,en,15,sankara,saṅkāra,Saṅkāra,Saṅkāra,[fr.saṁ+<em>kṛ</em>] rubbish Vin.I,48; IV,265; J.I,315; II,196.<br><br> <i>--kūṭa</i> rubbish heap,dust heap M.II,7; Pug.33; Miln.365; DhA.I,174.Cp.kacavara &#38; kattara.<i>--cola</i> a rag picked up from a rubbish heap J.IV,380.<i>--ṭhāna</i> dust heap Th.1,1175,J.I,244; Vism.250; DhA.II,27.<i>--dhāna</i> id.Dh.58.<i>--yakkha</i> a rubbish heap demon J.IV,379.(Page 662),7,1
  12037. 393713,en,15,sankasa,saṅkāsa,Saṅkāsa,Saṅkāsa,[saṁ+kāsa,of <em>kāś</em>,cp.okāsa] appearance; (-°) having the appearance of,like,similar J.II,150; V,71,155,370 (puñña°=sadisa C.); Bu 17,21; Miln.2.(Page 662),7,1
  12038. 393717,en,15,sankasana,saṅkāsana,Saṅkāsana,Saṅkāsana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>kāś</em>] explanation,illustration S.V,430; Nett 5,8,38; SnA 445 (+pakāsana).(Page 662),9,1
  12039. 393727,en,15,sankasayati,saṅkasāyati,Saṅkasāyati,Saṅkasāyati,[fr.saṁ+<em>kṛṣ</em>,kasati? Or has it anything to do with kasāya?] to become weak,to fail S.I,202; II,277; IV,178; A.I,68.(Page 662),11,1
  12040. 393738,en,15,sankassara,saṅkassara,Saṅkassara,Saṅkassara,(adj.) [doubtful,if Vedic saṅkasuka] doubtful; wicked Vin.II,236 (cp.Vin.Texts III,300); S.I,49=Dh.312 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “saṅkāhi saritabba,āsaṅkāhi sarita,ussaṅkita,parisaṅkita” DhA.III,485,thus taken as saṅkā+<i>sṛ</i> by Bdhgh; of course not cogent); A.II,239; IV,128,201; S.I,66 (°ācāra=“suspecting all” trsl<sup>n</sup>); IV,180; Th.1,277; Pug.27.(Page 662),10,1
  12041. 393746,en,15,sankathati,saṅkathati,Saṅkathati,Saṅkathati,[saṁ+kathati] to name,explain.Pass.<i>saṅkathīyati</i> DhsA.390.(Page 662),10,1
  12042. 393754,en,15,sankati,saṅkati,Saṅkati,Saṅkati,<i> </i>[<i>śaṅk</i>,Vedic śaṅkate,cp.Lat.cunctor to hesitate; Goth.hāhan=Ags.hangon “to hang”; Oicel.h&amacremacr;tta danger] to doubt,hesitate,to be uncertain about; pres.(med.) 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>saṅke</i> S.I,111; J.III,253 (=āsaṅkāmi C.); VI,312 (na saṅke maraṇ’āgamāya); Pot.<i>saṅketha</i> J.II,53=V.85.Pass.<i>saṅkīyati</i> S.III,=Kvu 141; A.IV,246.(Page 662),7,1
  12043. 393762,en,15,sankatira,saṅkaṭīra,Saṅkaṭīra,Saṅkaṭīra,(nt.) [unexplained] a dust heap D.II,160; S.II,270; M.I,334.Expl<sup>d</sup> as “saṅkāra-ṭṭhāna” K.S.II.203.(Page 662),9,1
  12044. 393772,en,15,sankayati,saṅkāyati,Saṅkāyati,Saṅkāyati,[denom.fr.saṅkā; Dhtp 4 defines <em>saṅk</em> as “saṅkāyaṁ”] to be uncertain about Vin.II,274.Cp.<i>pari°</i>.(Page 662),9,1
  12045. 393781,en,15,sankelayati,saṅkeḷāyati,Saṅkeḷāyati,Saṅkeḷāyati,[saṁ+keḷāyati] to amuse oneself (with) A.IV,55.(Page 663),11,1
  12046. 393787,en,15,sanketa,saṅketa,Saṅketa,Saṅketa,[saṁ+keta:see ketu] intimation,agreement,engagement,appointed place,rendezvous Vin.I,298; Miln.212; Nett 15,18; cp.Cpd.6,33.<i>saṅketaṁ gacchati</i> to keep an appointment,to come to the rendezvous Vin.II,265.<i>asaṅketena</i> without appointing a place Vin.I,107.<i>vassika°</i> the appointed time for keeping the rainy season Vin.I,298.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> agreement Vin.III,47,53,78.(Page 663),7,1
  12047. 393793,en,15,sanketana,saṅketana,Saṅketana,Saṅketana,(nt.)=<i>saṅketa</i>,<i> °ṭṭhāna</i> place of rendezvous DhA.II,261.(Page 663),9,1
  12048. 393804,en,15,sankha,saṅkha,Saṅkha,Saṅkha,<sup>2</sup> [etym.?] a water plant (comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>sevāla</i>) Miln.35.See detail under <i>paṇṇaka</i> 2.(Page 664),6,1
  12049. 393805,en,15,sankha,saṅkha,Saṅkha,Saṅkha,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Vedic śaṅkha; Gr.kόgxos shell,measure of capacity, &#38; kόxlos; Lat.congius a measure] a shell,conch; mother-of-pearl; a chank,commonly used as a trumpet D.I,79; II,297=M.I,58; A.II,117; IV,199; Vv 81<sup>10</sup>; J.I,72; II,110; VI,465,580; Miln.21 (dhamma°); DhA.I,18.Combined with <i>paṇava</i> (small drum) Vism.408; J.VI,21; or with <i>bheri</i> (large drum) Miln.21; Vism.408.<br><br> <i>--ûpama</i> like a shell,i.e.white J.V,396,cp.VI,572.<i>--kuṭṭhin</i> a kind of leper; whose body becomes as white as mother-of-pearl DhA.I,194,195.<i>--thāla</i> mother of pearl,(shell-) plate Vism.126 (sudhota°),255.<i>--dhama</i> a trumpeter D.I,259=M.II,19; M.II,207=S.IV,322.<i>--dhamaka</i> a conch blower,trumpeter J.I,284; VI,7.<i>--nābhi</i> a kind of shell Vin.I,203; II,117.<i>--patta</i> motherof-pearl DhA.I,387.<i>--muṇḍika</i> the shell-tonsure,a kind of torture M.I,87; A.I,47; II,122.<i>--mutta</i> mother-ofpearl J.V,380 (C expl<sup>s</sup> as “shell-jewel &#38; pearl-jewel”); VI,211,230.<i>--likhita</i> polished like mother-of-pearl; bright,perfect D.I,63,250; S.II,219; A.V,204; Vin.I,181; Pug.57; DA.I,181; DhA.IV,195.See also under likhita, &#38; cp.Franke,Wiener Zeitschrift 1893,357.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> pearl-white J.III,477; M.I,58=A.III,324.<i>--sadda</i> the sound of a chank A.II,186; Vism.408; Dhs.621.<i>--silā</i> “shell-stone,” a precious stone,mother-of-pearl (?) Ud.54; J.IV,85; Pv.II,6<sup>4</sup>.Frequent in BSk.,e.g.AvŚ I.184,201,205; Divy 291.(Page 663),6,1
  12050. 393814,en,15,sankha,saṅkhā,Saṅkhā,Saṅkhā,(f.) &#38; Saṅkhyā (f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>khyā</em>] 1.enumeration,calculation,estimating D.II,277; M.I,109; Miln.59 ‹-› 2.number Dāvs.I,25.-- 3.denomination,definition,word,name (cp.on term K.S.I.321) S.III,71 sq.; IV,376 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 617 (=uddesa gaṇanā paññatti); Dhs.1306; Miln.25.--<i>saṅkhaṁ gacchati</i> to be styled,called or defined; to be put into words D.I,199,201; Vin.II,239; M.I,190,487; A.I,68,244=II.113; Pug.42; Nett 66 sq.; Vism.212,225,235,294 (khy); SnA 167 (khy); DhsA.11 (khy).<i>saṅkhaṁ gata</i> (cp.saṅkhāta) is called DA.I,41 (uyyānaṁ Ambalaṭṭhikā t’eva s.g.).<i>saṅkhaṁ na upeti</i> (nopeti) cannot be called by a name,does not count,cannot be defined It.54; Sn.209,749,911,1074; Nd<sup>1</sup> 327; Nd<sup>2</sup> 617.(Page 664),6,1
  12051. 393827,en,15,sankhadati,saṅkhādati,Saṅkhādati,Saṅkhādati,[saṁ+khādati] to masticate Vin.II,201= S.II,269 (reads °kharitvā); A.III,304 sq.; J.I,507.-- pp.<i>°khādita</i>.(Page 664),10,1
  12052. 393840,en,15,sankhadita,saṅkhādita,Saṅkhādita,Saṅkhādita,[pp.of saṅkhādati] chewed,masticated KhA 56,257; VbhA.241 (where Vism.257 reads <i>°khāyita</i>).(Page 664),10,1
  12053. 393849,en,15,sankhala,saṅkhalā,Saṅkhalā,Saṅkhalā,(f.) [cp.Sk.śṛṅkhalā] a chain Th.2,509.<i>aṭṭhi°</i> a chain of bones,skeleton A.III,97.As <i>°kaṅkalā</i> at Th.2,488.(Page 664),8,1
  12054. 393856,en,15,sankhalika,saṅkhalikā,Saṅkhalikā,Saṅkhalikā,(f.) [fr.saṅkhalā] a chain S.I,76; J.III,168; VI,3; Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III</SUP>; Miln.149,279; DhA.IV,54; PvA.152.Sometimes <i>saṅkhalika</i> (esp.in composition),e.g.J.III,125 (°bandhana); VI,3; Miln.279.--<i>aṭṭhi°</i> a chain of bones,a skeleton [cp.BSk.asthi-saṅkhalikā MVastu I.21] D.II,296=M.I,58; Vin.III,105; J.I,433; Pv.II,12<sup>11</sup>; DhA.III,479.--<i>deva°</i> a magic chain J.II,128; V,92.(Page 664),10,1
  12055. 393873,en,15,sankhana,saṅkhāna,Saṅkhāna,Saṅkhāna,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [?] a strong leash ThA.292 (where Th.2,509 reads <i>saṅkhalā</i>).(Page 664),8,1
  12056. 393874,en,15,sankhana,saṅkhāna,Saṅkhāna,Saṅkhāna,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) &#38; <i>Saṅkhyāna</i> (nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>khyā</em>,cp.saṅkhā] calculation,counting D.I,11; M.I,85; DA.I,95; Dhtp 613 (khy).(Page 664),8,1
  12057. 393890,en,15,sankhara,saṅkhāra,Saṅkhāra,Saṅkhāra,[fr.saṁ+<em>kṛ</em>,not Vedic,but as saṁskāra Epic &#38; Class.Sk.meaning “preparation” and “sacrament,” also in philosophical literature “former impression,disposition,“ cp.vāsanā] one of the most difficult terms in Buddhist metaphysics,in which the blending of the subjective-objective view of the world and of happening,peculiar to the East,is so complete,that it is almost impossible for Occidental terminology to get at the root of its meaning in a translation.We can only convey an idea of its import by representing several sides of its application,without attempting to give a “word” as a def.trsl<sup>n</sup>.-- An exhaustive discussion of the term is given by Franke in his Dīgha translation (pp.307 sq.,esp.311 sq.); see also the analysis in Cpd.273--276.-- Lit.“preparation,get up”; appl<sup>d</sup>:coefficient (of consciousness as well as of physical life,cp.viññāṇa),constituent,constituent potentiality; (pl.) synergies,cause-combination,as in S.III,87; discussed,B.Psy.,p.50 sq.(cp.DhsA.156,where paraphrased in def<sup>n</sup> of <i>sa-saṅkhāra</i> with <i>“ussāha</i>,<i> payoga</i>,<i> upāya</i>,<i> paccaya-gahaṇa”</i>); composition,aggregate.1.Aggregate of the conditions or essential properties for a given process or result -- e.g.(i.) the sum of the conditions or properties making up or resulting in life or existence; the essentials or “element” of anything (-°),e.g.āyusaṅkhāra,life-element D.II,106; S.II,266; PvA.210; bhavasaṅkhāra,jīvitasaṅkhāra,D.II,99,107.(ii.) Essential conditions,antecedents or synergy (co-ordinated activity),mental coefficients,requisite for act,speech,thought:kāya°,vacī°,citta°,or mano°,described respectively as “respiration,” “attention and consideration,” “percepts and feelings,” “because these are (respectively) bound up with,” or “precede” those M.I,301 (cp.56); S.IV,293; Kvu 395 (cp.trsl<sup>n</sup> 227); Vism.530 sq.; DhsA.8; VbhA.142 sq.-- 2.One of the five khandhas,or constitutional elements of physical life (see khandha),comprising all the citta-sampayutta-cetasikā dhammā -- i.e.the mental concomitants,or adjuncts which come,or tend to come,into consciousness at the uprising of a citta,or unit of cognition Dhs.1 (cp.M.III,25).As thus classified,the saṅkhāra’s form the mental factor corresponding to the bodily aggregate or rūpakkhandha,and are in contrast to the three khandhas which represent a single mental function only.But just as <i>kāya</i> stands for both body and action,so do the concrete mental syntheses called <i>saṅkhārā</i> tend to take on the implication of synergies,of purposive intellection,connoted by the term abhisaṅkhāra,q.v.-- e.g.M.III,99,where saṅkhārā are a purposive,aspiring state of mind to induce a specific rebirth; S.II,82,where puññaṁ,opuñ‹-› ñaṁ,āṇeñjaṁ s.abhisaṅkharoti,is,in D.III,217 &#38; Vbh.135,catalogued as the three classes of abhisaṅkhāra; S.II,39,360; A.II,157,where s.is tantamount to sañcetanā; Miln.61,where s.,as khandha,is replaced by cetanā (purposive conception).Thus,too,the ss.in the Paṭiccasamuppāda formula are considered as the aggregate of mental conditions which,under the law of kamma,bring about the inception of the paṭisandhiviññāṇa,or first stirring of mental life in a newly begun individual.Lists of the psychologically,or logically distinguishable factors making up the composite saṅkhārakkhandha,with constants and variants,are given for each class of citta in Dhs.62,etc.(N.B.-Read cetanā for vedanā,§ 338.) Phassa and cetanā are the two constant factors in the s-kkhandha.These lists may be compared with the later elaboration of the saṅkhāra-elements given at Vism.462 sq.-- 3.<i>saṅkhārā</i> (pl.) in popular meaning.In the famous formula (and in many other connections,as e.g.<i>sabbe saṅkhārā</i>) “aniccā vata saṅkhārā uppādavaya-dhammino” (D.II,157; S.I,6,158,200; II,193; Th.1,1159; J.I,392,cp.Vism.527),which is rendered by Mrs.Rh.D.(Brethren,p 385 e.g.) as “O,transient are our life’s experiences! Their nature ‘tis to rise and pass away,” we have the use of s.in quite a general &#38; popular sense of “life,physical or material life”; and <i>sabbe saṅkhārā</i> means “everything,all physical and visible life,all creation.” Taken with caution the term “creation” may be applied as t.t.in the <i>Paṭiccasamuppāda</i>,when we regard <i>avijjā</i> as creating,i.e.producing by spontaneous causality the <i>saṅkhāras</i>,and <i>saṅkhārā</i> as “natura genita atque genitura” (the latter with ref.to the foll.viññāṇa).If we render it by “formations” (cp.Oldenberg’s “Gestaltungen,” Buddha <sup>7</sup>1920,p.254),we imply the mental “constitutional” element as well as the physical,although the latter in customary materialistic popular philosophy is the predominant factor (cp.the discrepancies of “life eternal” and “life is extinct” in one &#38; the same European term).None of the “links” in the Paṭicca-samuppāda meant to the people that which it meant or was supposed to mean in the subtle and schematic philosophy (dhammā duddasā nipuṇā!) of the dogmatists.-- Thus <i>saṅkhārā</i> are in the widest sense the “world of phenomena” (cp.below °loka),all things which have been made up by pre-existing causes.-- At PvA.71 we find <i>saṅkhārā</i> in lit.meaning as “things” (preparations) in def<sup>n</sup> of <i>ye keci</i> (bhogā) “whatever.” The <i>sabbe</i> s.at S.II,178 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “all the things of this world”) denote all 5 aggregates exhausting all conditioned things; cp.Kvu 226 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “things”); Mhvs.IV,66 (:the material and transitory world); Dh.154 (vi-saṅkhāragataṁ cittaṁ=mind divested of all material things); DhsA.304 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “kamma activities,” in connection avijjā-paccaya-s°); Cpd.211,n.3.-- The def<sup>n</sup> of <i>saṅkhārā</i> at Vism.526 (as result of avijjā &#38; cause of viññāṇa in the P.-S.) is:saṅkhataṁ abhisaṅkharontī ti saṅkhārā.Api ca:avijjā-paccayā saṅkhārā saṅkhāra-saddena āgata-saṅkhārā ti duvidhā saṅkhārā; etc.with further def.of the 4 saṅkhāras.‹-› 4.Var.passages for saṅkhāra in general:D.II,213; III,221 sq.,M.II,223 (imassa dukkha-nidānassa saṅkhāraṁ padahato saṅkhāra-ppadhānā virāgo hoti); S.III,69 (ekanta-dukkhā saṅkhārā); IV,216 sq.(saṅkhārāṇaṁ khaya-dhammatā; id.with vaya°,virāga°,nirodha° etc.); Sn.731 (yaṁ kiñci dukkhaṁ sambhoti sabbaṁ saṅkhāra-paccayā; saṅkhārānaṁ nirodhena n’atthi dukkhassa sambhavo); Vism.453,462 sq.(the 51),529 sq.; DhA.III,264,379; VbhA.134 (4 fold),149 (3 fold),192 (āyūhanā); PvA.41 (bhijjana-dhammā).‹-› Of passages dealing with the saṅkhāras as <i>aniccā</i>,<i> vayadhammā</i>,<i> anattā</i>,<i> dukkhā</i> etc.the foll.may be mentioned:Vin.I,13; S.I,200; III,24; IV,216,259; V,56,345; M.III,64,108; A.I,286; II,150 sq.; III,83,143; IV,13,100; It.38; Dh.277,383; Ps.I,37,132; II,48; 109 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 444,450; also Nd<sup>2</sup> p.259 (s.v.<i>saṅkhārā</i>).<br><br> <i>--upekkhā</i> equanimity among “things” Vism.161,162.<i>--ûpasama</i> allayment of the constituents of life Dh.368,381; cp.DhA.IV,108.<i>--khandha</i> the aggregate of (mental) coefficients D.III,233; Kvu 578; Tikp 61; DhsA.345; VbhA.20,42.<i>--dukkha</i> the evil of material life,constitutional or inherent ill VbhA.93 (in the classification of the sevenfold sukkha).<i>--paccayā</i> (viññāṇaṁ) conditioned by the synergies (is vital consciousness),the second linkage in the Paṭicca-samuppāda (q.v.) Vism.577; VbhA.152 sq.<i>--padhāna</i> concentration on the saṅkhāras M.II,223.<i>--majjhattatā</i>=°upekkhā VbhA.283.<i>--loka</i> the material world,the world of formation (or phenomena),creation,loka “per se,” as contrasted to <i>satta-loka</i>,the world of (morally responsible) beings,loka “per hominem” Vism.205; VbhA.456; SnA 442.(Page 664),8,1
  12058. 393925,en,15,sankharavant,saṅkhāravant,Saṅkhāravant,Saṅkhāravant,(adj.) [fr.saṅkhāra] having saṅkhāras A.II,214=Dhs.1003.(Page 665),12,1
  12059. 393941,en,15,sankharoti,saṅkharoti,Saṅkharoti,Saṅkharoti,[saṁ+<em>kṛ</em>] to put together,prepare,work PvA.287.<i>a-saṅkhārāna</i> S.I,126.Ger.<i>saṅkharitvā</i> S.II,269 (v.l.saṅkhāditvā,as is read at id.p.Vin.II,201).Cp.<i>abhi°</i>.-- pp.<i>saṅkhata</i>.(Page 664),10,1
  12060. 393957,en,15,sankhata,saṅkhata,Saṅkhata,Saṅkhata,[pp.of saṅkharoti; Sk.saṁskṛta] 1.put together,compound; conditioned,produced by a combination of causes,“created,” brought about as effect of actions in former births S.II,26; III,56; Vin.II,284; It.37,88; J.II,38; Nett 14; Dhs.1085; DhsA.47.As nt.that which is produced from a cause,i.e.the <i>saṅkhāras</i> S.I,112; A.I,83,152; Nett 22.<i>asaṅkhata</i> not put together,not proceeding from a cause Dhs.983 (so read for saṅkhata),1086; Ep.of <i>nibbāna</i> “the Unconditioned” ( &#38; therefore unproductive of further life) A.I,152; S.IV,359 sq.; Kvu 317 sq.; Pv III,7<sup>10</sup> (=laddhanāma amataṁ PvA.207); Miln.270; Dhs.583 (see trsl<sup>n</sup> ibid.),1439.The discernment of higher <i>jhāna-</i> states as <i>saṅkhata</i> is a preliminary to the attainment of Arahantship M.III,244.Cp.abhi°; visaṅkhita; visaṅkhāra.-- 2.cooked,dressed Mhvs 32,39.-- 3.embellished Mhvs 22,29.<br><br> <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> properties of the saṅkhata,i.e.production,decay and change A.I,152; VvA.29.(Page 664),8,1
  12061. 393965,en,15,sankhata,saṅkhāta,Saṅkhāta,Saṅkhāta,[pp.of saṅkhāyati] agreed on,reckoned; (-°) so-called,named D.I,163 (akusala° dhammā); III,65,133=Vin.III,46 (theyya° what is called theft); DA.I,313 (the sambodhi,by which is meant that of the three higher stages); DhsA.378 (khandha-ttaya° kāya,cp.Expos.II.485); PvA.40 (medha° paññā),56 (hattha° pāṇi),131 (pariccāga° atidāna),163 (caraṇa° guṇa).<br><br> <i>--dhamma</i> one who has examined or recognized the dhamma (“they who have mastered well the truth of things” K.S.II.36),an Ep.of the arahant S.II,47; IV,210; Sn.70 (°dhammo,with expl<sup>n</sup> Nd<sup>2</sup> 618<sup>b</sup>:“vuccati ñāṇaṁ” etc.; “saṅkhāta-dh.=ñāta-dhammo,” of the paccekabuddha),1038 (°dhammā=vuccanti arahanto khīṇāsavā Nd<sup>2</sup> 618<sup>a</sup>),Dh.70 (T.saṅkhata°,but DhA.II,63 saṅkhāta°).(Page 664),8,1
  12062. 393979,en,15,sankhati,saṅkhati,Saṅkhati,Saṅkhati,(f.) [cp.Sk.saṁskṛti] cookery M.I,448.(Page 664),8,1
  12063. 393995,en,15,sankhaya,saṅkhaya,Saṅkhaya,Saṅkhaya,[saṁ+khaya] destruction,consumption,loss,end Vin.I,42; D.II,283; M.I,152; S.I,2,124; IV,391; It.38; Dh.282 (=vināsa DhA.III,421),331; J.II,52; V,465; Miln.205,304.(Page 664),8,1
  12064. 394004,en,15,sankhayaka,saṅkhāyaka,Saṅkhāyaka,Saṅkhāyaka,[fr.saṁ+<em>khyā</em>] a calculator S.IV,376.(Page 664),10,1
  12065. 394006,en,15,sankhayati,saṅkhāyati,Saṅkhāyati,Saṅkhāyati, &#38; Saṅkhāti [saṁ+<em>khyā</em>] 1.to appear J.V,203 (°āti).-- 2.to calculate Sn.p.126 (inf.°khātuṁ); Dh.196.ger.<i>saṅkhāya</i> having considered,discriminately,carefully,with open mind D.II,227; III,224 (paṭisevati etc.:with ref.to the 4 apassenāni); S.I,182; Sn.209,391,749,1048 (=jānitvā etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 619); Nd<sup>1</sup> 327; Dh.267 (=ñāṇena DhA.III,393); It.54.<i>saṅkhā pi</i> deliberately M.I,105 sq.(Page 664),10,1
  12066. 394008,en,15,sankhayita,saṅkhāyita,Saṅkhāyita,Saṅkhāyita,=saṅkhādita; Vism.257.(Page 664),10,1
  12067. 394015,en,15,sankhepa,saṅkhepa,Saṅkhepa,Saṅkhepa,[saṁ+khepa] 1.abridgment,abstract,condensed account (opp.<i>vitthāra</i>),e.g.Vism.532,479; Dh.I,125; KhA 183; DhsA.344; SnA 150,160,314; VbhA.47.Cp.<i>ati°</i>.-- 2.the sum of,quintessence of; Instr.<i>°ena</i> (adv.) by way of,as if,e.g.rāja° as if he were king DA.I,246; bhūmi-ghara° in the shape of an earth house DA.I,260.-- 3.group,heaping up,amassing,collection:<i>pabbata-saṅkhepe</i> in a mountain glen (lit.in the midst of a group of mountains) D.I,84; A.III,396.<i>bhava°</i> amassing of existences J.I,165 sq.,366,463; II,137.‹-› 4.<i>aṭavi°</i> at A.I,178; III,66 is probably a wrong reading for <i>°saṅkopa</i> “inroad of savage tribes.” (Page 665),8,1
  12068. 394031,en,15,sankheyya,saṅkheyya,Saṅkheyya,Saṅkheyya,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) a hermitage,the residence of Thera Āyupāla Miln.19,22 etc.(Page 665),9,1
  12069. 394032,en,15,sankheyya,saṅkheyya,Saṅkheyya,Saṅkheyya,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [grd.of saṅkhāyati] calculable; only neg.<i>a°</i> incalculable S.V,400; A.III,366; PvA.212.<i>--°kāra</i> acting with a set purpose Sn.351.-- As grd.of <i>saṅkharoti:</i> see <i>upa°</i>.(Page 665),9,1
  12070. 394048,en,15,sankhipati,saṅkhipati,Saṅkhipati,Saṅkhipati,[saṁ+khipati] 1.to collect,heap together Mhvs 1,31.-- 2.to withdraw,put off Dāvs.IV,35.‹-› 3.to concentrate J.I,82.-- 4.to abridge,shorten.‹-› pp.<i>saṅkhitta</i>.(Page 665),10,1
  12071. 394063,en,15,sankhippa,saṅkhippa,Saṅkhippa,Saṅkhippa,(adj.) [saṁ+khippa] quick J.VI,323.(Page 665),9,1
  12072. 394069,en,15,sankhitta,saṅkhitta,Saṅkhitta,Saṅkhitta,[pp.of saṅkhipati] 1.concise,brief Miln.227; DhsA.344; Instr.<i>saṅkhittena</i> in short,concisely (opp.vitthārena) Vin.I,10; D.II,305; S.V,421; Pug.41.Cp.BSk.saṅkṣiptena Divy 37 etc.-- 2.concentrated,attentive D.I,80 (which at Vism.410 however is expl<sup>d</sup> as “thīna-middh’ânugata”); S.II,122; V,263; D.II,299= M.I,59.-- 3.contracted,thin,slender:<i>°majjhā</i> of slender waist J.V,155.-- Cp.<i>abhi°</i>.(Page 665),9,1
  12073. 394079,en,15,sankhiya,saṅkhiyā,Saṅkhiyā,Saṅkhiyā,-dhamma form of talk,the trend of talk D.I,2; DA.I,43.Cp.<i>saṅkhyā</i>.(Page 665),8,1
  12074. 394087,en,15,sankhobha,saṅkhobha,Saṅkhobha,Saṅkhobha,[san+khobha] shaking,commotion,upsetting,disturbance J.I,64; Sdhp.471.(Page 665),9,1
  12075. 394098,en,15,sankhobheti,saṅkhobheti,Saṅkhobheti,Saṅkhobheti,see <i>saṅkhubhati</i>.(Page 665),11,1
  12076. 394112,en,15,sankhubhati,saṅkhubhati,Saṅkhubhati,Saṅkhubhati,[saṁ+khubbati] to be shaken,to be agitated,to stir J.I,446 (ger.°khubhitvā); DhA.II,43,57; aor.<i>°khubhi</i> PvA.93.-- pp.<i>saṅkhubhita</i>.-- Caus.<i>saṅkhobheti</i> to shake,stir up,agitate J.I,119,350; II,119.(Page 665),11,1
  12077. 394119,en,15,sankhubhita,saṅkhubhita,Saṅkhubhita,Saṅkhubhita,[pp.of saṅkhubhati] shaken,stirred J.III,443.(Page 665),11,1
  12078. 394156,en,15,sankilati,saṅkīḷati,Saṅkīḷati,Saṅkīḷati,[saṁ+kīḷati] to play or sport D.I,91; A.IV,55,343; DA.I,256.(Page 663),9,1
  12079. 394159,en,15,sankilesa,saṅkilesa,Saṅkilesa,Saṅkilesa,[saṁ+kilesa] impurity,defilement,corruption,sinfulness Vin.I,15; D.I,10,53,247 (opp.visuddhi); M.I,402; S.III,69; A.II,11; III,418 sq.; V,34; J.I,302; Dhs.993,1229; Nett 100; Vism.6,51,89; DhsA.165.(Page 663),9,1
  12080. 394167,en,15,sankilesika,saṅkilesika,Saṅkilesika,Saṅkilesika,(adj.) [fr.saṅkilesa] baneful,sinful D.I,195; III,57; A.II,172; Dhs.993 (cp.DhsA.345); Tikp 333,353.(Page 663),11,1
  12081. 394177,en,15,sankilissana,saṅkilissana,Saṅkilissana,Saṅkilissana,(nt.) [fr.saṅkilissati] staining,defiling; getting defiled VvA.329.(Page 663),12,1
  12082. 394183,en,15,sankilissati,saṅkilissati,Saṅkilissati,Saṅkilissati,[saṁ+kilissati,cp.BSk.saṅkliśyati Divy 57] to become soiled or impure D.I,53; S.III,70; Dh.165; J.II,33,271.-- pp.<i>saṅkiliṭṭha</i>.-- Caus.<i>saṅkileseti</i>.(Page 663),12,1
  12083. 394189,en,15,sankilittha,saṅkiliṭṭha,Saṅkiliṭṭha,Saṅkiliṭṭha,[pp.of saṅkilissati] stained,tarnished,impure,corrupt,foul D.I,247; S.II,271; A.III,124; V,169; Dh.244; J.II,418; Dhs.993,1243; Pv IV.1<sup>23</sup> (kāyena vācāya ca); DhsA.319.(Page 663),11,1
  12084. 394200,en,15,sankin,saṅkin,Saṅkin,Saṅkin,(adj.) [fr.<em>śaṅk</em>] anxious Mhvs 35,101.(Page 663),6,1
  12085. 394206,en,15,sankinna,saṅkiṇṇa,Saṅkiṇṇa,Saṅkiṇṇa,[pp.of saṅkirati] mixed; impure S.III,71; A.IV,246.<br><br> <i>--parikha</i> having the trenches filled; said of one who is free of saṁsāra M.I,139; A.III,84; Nd<sup>2</sup> p.161.(Page 662),8,1
  12086. 394214,en,15,sankirana,saṅkiraṇa,Saṅkiraṇa,Saṅkiraṇa,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+kirati] an astrological t.t.,denoting the act of or time for collecting or calling in of debts (Bdhgh; doubtful) D.I,11; DA.I,96; cp.Dial.I.23.(Page 663),9,1
  12087. 394217,en,15,sankirati,saṅkirati,Saṅkirati,Saṅkirati,[saṁ+kirati] to mix together; Pass.<i>saṅkīyati</i> (q.v.); pp.<i>saṅkiṇṇa</i>.(Page 663),9,1
  12088. 394224,en,15,sankita,saṅkita,Saṅkita,Saṅkita,[fr.<em>śaṅk</em>] anxious,doubtful J.V,85; Mhvs 7,15; SnA 60.Cp.pari°,vi°.(Page 663),7,1
  12089. 394233,en,15,sankittana,saṅkittana,Saṅkittana,Saṅkittana,(nt.) [saṁ+kittana] proclaiming,making known PvA.164.(Page 663),10,1
  12090. 394238,en,15,sankitti,saṅkitti,Saṅkitti,Saṅkitti,(f.) [perhaps saṁ+kitti] derivation &#38; meaning very doubtful; Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> at PugA 231 is not to be taken as reliable,viz.“saṅkittetvā katabhattesu hoti.dubbhikkha-samaye kira acela-kāsāvakā acelakānaṁ atthāya tato tato taṇḍul’ādīni samādapetvā bhattaṁ pacanti,ukkaṭṭhâcelako tato na paṭigaṇhāti.” D.I,166 (trsl<sup>n</sup> Dial.I.229 “he will not accept food collected,i.e.by the faithful in time of drought”; Neumann “not from the dirty”; Franke “nichts von Mahlzeiten,für die die Mittel durch Aufruf beschafft sind”?); M.I,77; A.II,206; Pug.55.It may be something like “convocation.” (Page 663),8,1
  12091. 394244,en,15,sankiya,saṅkiya,Saṅkiya,Saṅkiya,(adj.) [grd.fr.śaṅkati] 1.apt to be suspected It.67.-- 2.anxious J.I,334.(Page 663),7,1
  12092. 394250,en,15,sankiyati,saṅkīyati,Saṅkīyati,Saṅkīyati,[Pass.of saṅkirati,saṁ+<i>kīr;</i> Sk.°kīryate› *kiyyati›P.°kīyati] to become confused or impure S.III,71; A.II,29; IV,246.(Page 663),9,1
  12093. 394256,en,15,sankoca,saṅkoca,Saṅkoca,Saṅkoca,[saṁ+koca,of <em>kuñc</em><i>:</i> see kuñcita] contraction (as a sign of anger or annoyance),grimace (mukha°) PvA.103; also as <i>hattha°</i>,etc.at PvA.124.(Page 663),7,1
  12094. 394260,en,15,sankocana,saṅkocana,Saṅkocana,Saṅkocana,(nt.)=<i>saṅkoca</i> J.III,57 (mukha°); DhA.III,270; Dhtp 809.(Page 663),9,1
  12095. 394268,en,15,sankoceti,saṅkoceti,Saṅkoceti,Saṅkoceti,[Caus.of saṅkucati] to contract J.I,228; DhsA.324.(Page 663),9,1
  12096. 394277,en,15,sankopa,saṅkopa,Saṅkopa,Saṅkopa,see <i>saṅkhepa</i>.(Page 663),7,1
  12097. 394284,en,15,sanku,saṅku,Saṅku,Saṅku,[cp.Vedic śaṅku] a stake,spike; javelin M.I,337; S.IV,168; J.VI,112; DhA.I,69.--<i>ayo°</i> an iron stake A.IV,131.<br><br> <i>--patha</i> a path full of stakes &#38; sticks Vv 84<sup>11</sup>; J.III,485,541; Miln.280; Vism.305.<i>--sata</i> a hundred sticks,hundreds of sticks J.VI,112; Vism.153 (both passages same simile with the beating of an ox-hide).<i>--samāhata</i> set with iron spikes,N.of a purgatory M.I,337; J.VI,453.(Page 663),5,1
  12098. 394296,en,15,sankucati,saṅkucati,Saṅkucati,Saṅkucati,[saṁ+kucati:see kuñcita] to become contracted,to shrink DhsA.376.-- pp.<i>°kucita</i>.-- Caus.<i>°koceti</i>.(Page 663),9,1
  12099. 394305,en,15,sankucita,saṅkucita,Saṅkucita,Saṅkucita,[pp.of saṅkucati] shrunk,contracted,clenched (of the first:°hattha) J.I,275; VI,468 (°hattha,opposed to pasārita-hattha); DA.I,287; PvA.123,124.(Page 663),9,1
  12100. 394312,en,15,sankuddha,saṅkuddha,Saṅkuddha,Saṅkuddha,[saṁ+kuddha] angry D.II,262.(Page 663),9,1
  12101. 394314,en,15,sankuka,saṅkuka,Saṅkuka,Saṅkuka,[fr.saṅku] a stake VvA.338.Cp.khāṇuka.(Page 663),7,1
  12102. 394319,en,15,sankula,saṅkula,Saṅkula,Saṅkula,(adj.) [saṁ+kula] crowded,full Sdhp.603.(Page 663),7,1
  12103. 394324,en,15,sankuli,saṅkuli,Saṅkuli,Saṅkuli,[cp.sakkhali 2 &#38; saṅguḷikā] a kind of cake J.VI,580.(Page 663),7,1
  12104. 394327,en,15,sankulya,saṅkulya,Saṅkulya,Saṅkulya,(nt.)=<i>saṅkuli</i> J.VI,524.(Page 663),8,1
  12105. 394330,en,15,sankundita,saṅkuṇḍita,Saṅkuṇḍita,Saṅkuṇḍita,[pp.of saṁ+<em>kuṇḍ</em><i>:</i> see kuṇḍa] contorted,distorted PvA.123.(Page 663),10,1
  12106. 394340,en,15,sankupita,saṅkupita,Saṅkupita,Saṅkupita,[saṁ+kupita] shaken,enraged S.I,222.(Page 663),9,1
  12107. 394343,en,15,sankuppa,saṅkuppa,Saṅkuppa,Saṅkuppa,(adj.) [saṁ+kuppa] to be shaken,movable; <i>a°</i> immovable Th.1,649; Sn.1149.(Page 663),8,1
  12108. 394346,en,15,sankusaka,saṅkusaka,Saṅkusaka,Saṅkusaka,(adj.) [cp.Sk.saṅkasuka crumbling up] contrary; neg.<i>a°</i> J.VI,297 (=appaṭiloma C.).(Page 663),9,1
  12109. 394350,en,15,sankusumita,saṅkusumita,Saṅkusumita,Saṅkusumita,(adj.) [saṁ+kusumita] flowering,in blossom J.V,420; Miln.319.(Page 663),11,1
  12110. 394355,en,15,sankutika,saṅkuṭika,Saṅkuṭika,Saṅkuṭika,[fr.saṁ+<i>*</i><em>kuṭ kuc</em>,cp.kuṭila] doubled up J.II,68; cp.J.P.T.S.1884,102.(Page 663),9,1
  12111. 394357,en,15,sankutila,saṅkuṭila,Saṅkuṭila,Saṅkuṭila,(adj.) [saṁ+kuṭila] curved,winding Miln.297.(Page 663),9,1
  12112. 394364,en,15,sankutita,saṅkuṭita,Saṅkuṭita,Saṅkuṭita,[=last] doubled up,shrivelled,shrunk; J.II,225; Miln.251,362; DhsA.376; Vism.255 (where KhA reads <i>bahala</i>); VbhA.238.(Page 663),9,1
  12113. 394367,en,15,sann°,saññ°,Saññ°,Saññ°,is frequent spelling for saṁy° (in saṁyojana=saññojana e.g.),q.v.(Page 670),5,1
  12114. 394375,en,15,sanna,saññā,Saññā,Saññā,(f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>jñā</em>] (pl.saññāyo and saññā -- e.g.M.I,108) 1.sense,consciousness,perception,being the third khandha Vin.I,13; M.I,300; S.III,3 sq.; Dhs.40,58,61,113; VbhA.42.-- 2.sense,perception,discernment,recognition,assimilation of sensations,awareness M.I,293; A.III,443 (nibbāna°); S.III,87; Sn.732 (saññāya uparodhanā dukkhakkhayo hoti; expl<sup>d</sup> as “kāmasaññā” SnA); Miln.61; Dhs.4; DhsA.110,200 (rūpa° perception of material qualities).-- 3.consciousness D.I,180 sq.; M.I,108; Vbh.369 (nānatta° c.of diversity:see nānatta); Miln.159; J.IV,391; is previous to ñāṇa D.I,185; a constituent part of nāma S.II,3,cp.Sn.779; according to later teaching differs from viññāṇa and paññā only as a child’s perceiving differs from (a) an adult’s,(b) an expert’s Vism.436 sq.; Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 7 n.2,17 n.2.--nevasaññā-nâsaññā neither consciousness nor unconsciousness D.III,224,262 sq.; M.I,41,160; II,255; III,28,44; Ps.I,36; Dhs.268,582,1417; Kvu 202; Nett 26,29; Vism.571.-- 4.conception,idea,notion D.I,28; III,289 (cp.Dial.III,263:“concept rather than percept”); M.III,104; S.I,107; Sn.802,841; J.I,368 (ambaphala saññāya in the notion or imagining of mango fruit); Vism.112 (rūpa° &#38; aṭṭhika°).saññaṁ karoti to imagine,to think J.II,71; to take notice,to mind J.I,117.-- 5.sign,gesture token,mark J.I,287; II,18; paṇṇa° a mark of leaves J.I,153; rajjusaññā a rope used as a mark,a guiding rope,J.I,287; rukkha-saññaṁ pabbata-saññaṁ karonto,using trees and hills as guiding marks J.IV,91; saññaṁ dadāti to give the sign (with the whip,for the horse to start) J.VI,302.-- 6.saññā is twofold,paṭighasamphassajā and adhivacanasamphassajā i.e.sense impression and recognition (impression of something similar,“association by similarity,” as when a seen person calls up some one we know),Vbh.6; VbhA.19 sq.; threefold,rūpasaññā,paṭighasaññā,and nānattasaññā A.II,184; S.II,211; cp.Sn.535; or kāma°,vyāpāda°,vihiṁsā° (as nānatta°) Vbh.369,cp.VbhA.499; fivefold (pañca vimutti-paripācaniyā saññā); anicca°,anicce dukkha°,dukkhe anatta°,pahāna°,virāga° D.III,243,cp.A.III,334; there are six perceptions of rūpa,sadda,gandha,rasa,phoṭṭhabba,and dhamma,D.II,309; S.III,60; the sevenfold perception,anicca-,anatta-,asubha-,ādīnava-,pahāna-,virāga-,and nirodha-saññā,D.II,79; cp.A.III,79; the tenfold perception,asubha-,maraṇa-,āhāre paṭikkūla-,sabbaloke anabhirata-,anicca-,anicce dukkha-,dukkhe anatta-,pahāna-,virāga-,nirodha-saññā A.V,105; the one perception,āhāre paṭikkūlasaññā,Cpd.21.-- 7.See further (unclassified refs.):D.I,180; II,277 (papañca°); III,33,223; S.II,143; A.II,17; IV,312; Nd<sup>1</sup> 193,207; Nett 27; Vism.111,437,461 sq.(in detail); VbhA.20 (pañca-dvārikā),34; VvA.110; and on term Cpd.40,42.<br><br> --gata perceptible,the world of sense M.I,38.--bhava conscious existence Vism.572; VbhA.183.--maya= arūpin M.I,410 (opp.manomaya=rūpin).--vedayitanirodha cessation of consciousness and sensation M.I,160,301; III,45; A.I,41; Kvu 202; S.II,212.--viratta free from consciousness,an Arahant,Sn.847.--vimokkha emancipation from consciousness Sn.1071 sq.; Miln.159=Vin.V,116.(Page 670),5,1
  12115. 394385,en,15,sanna,sanna,Sanna,Sanna,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of sandati] flown J.VI,203 (dadhi°).(Page 678),5,1
  12116. 394386,en,15,sanna,sanna,Sanna,Sanna,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of sīdati] sunk Dh.327.(Page 678),5,1
  12117. 394400,en,15,sannaddha,sannaddha,Sannaddha,Sannaddha,[pp.of sannayhati] 1.fastened,bound,D.II,350 (susannaddha); Miln.339.-- 2.put on,clothed (with) Pv IV.1<sup>36</sup> (°dussa).-- 3.armed,accoutred S.II,284; J.I,179; Dh.387; DhA.IV,144; PvA.154 (°dhanu-kalāpa).(Page 678),9,1
  12118. 394416,en,15,sannaha,sannāha,Sannāha,Sannāha,[fr.sannay ati] 1.dressing,fastening together PvA.231.-- 2.armour,mail S.V,6; J.II,443; Th.1,543; J.I,179.(Page 678),7,1
  12119. 394426,en,15,sannakaddu,sannakaddu,Sannakaddu,Sannakaddu,[lexicogr.Sk.sannakadru] the tree Buchanania latifolia Abḥp 556.(Page 678),10,1
  12120. 394448,en,15,sannameti,sannāmeti,Sannāmeti,Sannāmeti,[Caus.of saṁ+<em>nam</em>] to bend M.I,365,439,450,507=S.IV,188 (kāyaṁ sannāmeyya-i.e.to writhe).Cp.Cpd.162 n.5 (“strengthen”?).(Page 678),9,1
  12121. 394456,en,15,sannana,saññāṇa,Saññāṇa,Saññāṇa,(nt.) [Vedic sañjñāna] 1.perception,knowledge VvA.110.-- 2.token,mark J.IV,301; DA.I,46; Vism.244.-- 3.monument Mhvs 19,35.(Page 670),7,1
  12122. 394467,en,15,sannapana,saññāpana,Saññāpana,Saññāpana,(nt.) [fr.saññāpeti] convincing J.V,462.(Page 670),9,1
  12123. 394478,en,15,sannapeti,saññāpeti,Saññāpeti,Saññāpeti,[Caus.of sañjānāti] 1.to make known,to teach J.I,344; Miln.45.-- 2.to remonstrate with,gain over,convince D.I,236; M.I,397; A.I,75; S.IV,313; Vin.I,10; II,197; Miln.316.-- 3.to appease,conciliate J.I,479; PvA.16.Also <i>saññapeti</i> J.I,26,etc.-- inf.<i>saññattuṁ</i> Sn.597.-- pp.<i>saññatta</i>.-- At J.I,408 read <i>saññāpāpetvā</i> (instead of saññaṁ pāpetvā),or simply <i>saññāpetvā</i>,like the parallel text at Ud.17.(Page 670),9,1
  12124. 394496,en,15,sannata,saññāta,Saññāta,Saññāta,[pp.of sañjānāti] skilled M.I,396.(Page 670),7,1
  12125. 394500,en,15,sannata,sannata,Sannata,Sannata,[pp.of saṁ+<em>nam</em>,cp.sannāmeti] 1.bent down,low J.VI,58 (opp.unnata).-- 2.bent,prepared J.V,215 (C.suphassita).(Page 678),7,1
  12126. 394512,en,15,sannatta,saññatta,Saññatta,Saññatta,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of saññāpeti] induced,talked over Sn.303,308 (Page 670),8,1
  12127. 394513,en,15,sannatta,saññatta,Saññatta,Saññatta,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [abstr.formation fr.saññā] the state of being a saññā,perceptibility S.III,87.(Page 670),8,1
  12128. 394521,en,15,sannatti,saññatti,Saññatti,Saññatti,(f.) [fr.saññāpeti] 1.informing,convincing A.I,75; S.I,199; Vin.II,98,199,307; J.III,402.-- 2.appeasing,pacification M.I,320.(Page 670),8,1
  12129. 394531,en,15,sannavant,saññāvant,Saññāvant,Saññāvant,(adj.) [fr.saññā] having perception A.II,215= Dhs.1003.(Page 671),9,1
  12130. 394552,en,15,sannayhati,sannayhati,Sannayhati,Sannayhati,[saṁ+nayhati] to tie,bind,fasten,to arm oneself J.I,129; to array,arm D.II,175; Vin.I,342; to arrange,fit D.I,96; J.I,273; aor.<i>sannayhi</i> D.I,96; inf.sannayhituṁ J.I,179; ger.<i>sannayhitvā</i> D.II,175; J.II,77; &#38; <i>sannahitvā</i> J.I,273.(Page 678),10,1
  12131. 394567,en,15,sanneti,sanneti,Sanneti,Sanneti,[fr.saṁ+neti] to mix,knead D.I,74 (Pot.sanneyya); III,29; Vin.I,47 (grd.°netabba); M.I,276; S.II,58 sq.; J.VI,432.-- pp.<i>sannīta</i>.(Page 679),7,1
  12132. 394589,en,15,sannibha,sannibha,Sannibha,Sannibha,(adj.) [saṁ+nibha] resembling D.II,17; Sn.551; J.I,319.(Page 679),8,1
  12133. 394598,en,15,sannicaya,sannicaya,Sannicaya,Sannicaya,[saṁ+nicaya] accumulation,hoarding A.I,94; II,23; Dh.92; Vin.II,95; IV,243; DhA.II,171; A.IV,108; KhA 62 (lohita).(Page 678),9,1
  12134. 394608,en,15,sannicita,sannicita,Sannicita,Sannicita,[saṁ+nicita] accumulated,hoarded Miln.120.(Page 678),9,1
  12135. 394614,en,15,sannidhana,sannidhāna,Sannidhāna,Sannidhāna,(nt.) [saṁ+nidhāna) lit.“putting down together,” proximity Dāvs.V,39.(Page 679),10,1
  12136. 394627,en,15,sannidhi,sannidhi,Sannidhi,Sannidhi,[saṁ+nidhi] putting together,storing up D.I,6; Sn.306,924; Nd<sup>1</sup> 372; <i>--kāra</i> storing D.I,6; <i>--kāraka</i>,storing up,store M.I,523; Vin.I,209; IV,87; D.III,235; A.III,109; IV,370.<i>--kata</i> stored up Vin.II,270; put by,postponed Vin.I,254.(Page 679),8,1
  12137. 394645,en,15,sannigganhati,sanniggaṇhāti,Sanniggaṇhāti,Sanniggaṇhāti,[saṁ+niggaṇhāti] to restrain S.I,238.(Page 678),13,1
  12138. 394649,en,15,sannighata,sannighāta,Sannighāta,Sannighāta,[saṁ+nighāta] concussion,knocking against each other Dhs.621.(Page 678),10,1
  12139. 394657,en,15,sannihita,sannihita,Sannihita,Sannihita,[saṁ+nihita; cp.sannidhi] 1.put down,placed Miln.326.-- 2.stored up Th.2,409; ThA.267.(Page 679),9,1
  12140. 394662,en,15,sannika,saṇṇikā,Saṇṇikā,Saṇṇikā,(saṇikā) [cp.saṇi=Sk.sṛṇi] an elephant-driver’s hook J.I,445 (so read for <i>paṇṇ°</i>).(Page 672),7,1
  12141. 394669,en,15,sannikasa,sannikāsa,Sannikāsa,Sannikāsa,(adj.) [saṁ+nikāsa] resembling,looking like J.III,522; V,87=VI,306; V,169 (C.dassana); VI,240,279.(Page 678),9,1
  12142. 394678,en,15,sannikkhepana,sannikkhepana,Sannikkhepana,Sannikkhepana,(nt.) [saṁ+nikkhepana] elimination VbhA.355.(Page 678),13,1
  12143. 394682,en,15,sannin,saññin,Saññin,Saññin,(adj.) [fr.saññā] (f.saññinī) conscious,being aware of (-°),perceiving,having perception D.I,31,180; III,49,111,140,260; S.I,62; A.II,34,48,50; III,35; IV,427; Dh.253; Nd<sup>1</sup> 97,138.-- ālokasaññin having a clear perception D.I,71; A.II,211; V,207; Sum I.211; nānatta° conscious of diversity A.IV,39 sq.; paṭhavīsaññin conscious of the earth (kasiṇa),in samādhi A.V,8 sq.; paṭhavisaññiniyo (fem.plur.),having a worldly mind D.II,139; asubhasaññin perceiving the corruption of the world It.93; vihiṁsasaññin conscious of the trouble Vin.I,7; nevasaññī-nâsaññin neither conscious nor unconscious D.III,111; A.II,34; Nd<sup>1</sup> 97,138; It.90; DA.I,119.Cp.<i>vi°</i>.-- In composition <i>saññi°</i>,e.g.<i>°gabbha</i> animate production D.I,54; DA.I,163.(Page 671),6,1
  12144. 394689,en,15,sannipata,sannipāta,Sannipāta,Sannipāta,[fr.sannipatati] 1.union,coincidence S.IV,68 sq.; Miln.60,123 sq.; Nett 28.-- 2.assemblage,assembly,congregation D.II,5; Miln.7.-- 3.union of the humours of the body Miln.303.-- 4.collocation Dh.352.(Page 679),9,1
  12145. 394710,en,15,sannipatati,sannipatati,Sannipatati,Sannipatati,[saṁ+nipatati] to assemble,come together J.I,167; pp.<i>°ita</i>.Caus.<i>sannipāteti</i> to bring together,convoke D.II,76; Miln.6; Caus.II.<i>sannipātāpeti</i> to cause to be convoked or called together J.I,58,153,271; III,376; Vin.I,44; III,71.(Page 679),11,1
  12146. 394729,en,15,sannipatika,sannipātika,Sannipātika,Sannipātika,(adj.) [fr.last] resulting from the union of the humours of the body A.II,87; V,110; S.IV,230; Miln.135,137,302,304.(Page 679),11,1
  12147. 394735,en,15,sannipatita,sannipatita,Sannipatita,Sannipatita,[pp.of °nipatati] come together D.I,2; II,76.(Page 679),11,1
  12148. 394747,en,15,sannirata,sannirata,Sannirata,Sannirata,(adj.) [saṁ+nirata] being (quite) happy together J.V,405.(Page 679),9,1
  12149. 394760,en,15,sannirumbhati,sannirumbhati,Sannirumbhati,Sannirumbhati,(°rundhati) [saṁ+nirumbhati] to restrain,block,impede; ger.<i>sannirumhitvā</i> J.I,109,164; II,6; VvA.217.<i>sannirumbhitvā</i> J.I,62; II,341.<i>sannirujjhitvā</i> Vism.143; Pot.<i>sannirundheyya</i> M.I,115.‹-› pp.<i>sanniruddha</i> Vism.278.(Page 679),13,1
  12150. 394775,en,15,sannirumhana,sannirumhana,Sannirumhana,Sannirumhana,(nt.) [fr.last] restraining,checking,suppression J.I,163; DA.I,193; as <i>°bhana</i> at VbhA.355.(Page 679),12,1
  12151. 394781,en,15,sannisajja,sannisajjā,Sannisajjā,Sannisajjā,(f.) [saṁ+nissajjā] meeting-place Vin.I,188; II,174=III,66; sannisajja-ṭṭhāna (n.) the same Vin.III,287.(Page 679),10,1
  12152. 394791,en,15,sannisidati,sannisīdati,Sannisīdati,Sannisīdati,[saṁ+nisīdati] 1.(lit.) to sink down,to settle Miln.35.-- 2.(fig.) to subside,to become quiet M.I,121; S.IV,196; A.II,157.-- Caus.<i>sannisādeti</i> to make quiet,to calm M.I,116; A.II,94.-- Caus.II.<i>sannisīdāpeti</i> to cause to halt J.IV,258.-- pp.<i>sannisinna</i>.(Page 679),11,1
  12153. 394803,en,15,sannisinna,sannisinna,Sannisinna,Sannisinna,[pp.of sannisīdati] 1.sitting down together D.I,2; II,109; Vin.II,296; J.I,120.-- 2.(having become) settled,established Vin.II,278 (°gabbhā pregnant).(Page 679),10,1
  12154. 394809,en,15,sannissayata,sannissayatā,Sannissayatā,Sannissayatā,(f.) [saṁ+nissayatā] dependency,connection Nett 80.(Page 679),12,1
  12155. 394817,en,15,sannissita,sannissita,Sannissita,Sannissita,[saṁ+nissita,cp.BSk.sanniśrita] based on,connected with,attached to Vism.43,118,120,554 (viññāṇa is “hadaya-vatthu°”; cp.VbhA.163).(Page 679),10,1
  12156. 394827,en,15,sannita,saññita,Saññita,Saññita,[=saññāta; pp.of sañjānāti] so-called,named,so-to-speak Mhvs 7,45; PvA.135; Sdhp.72,461.See also <i>aya</i> under <i>niraya</i>.(Page 671),7,1
  12157. 394832,en,15,sannita,sannīta,Sannīta,Sannīta,[pp.fr.sanneti] mixed,put together,kneaded Mhvs 29,11 &#38; 12.(Page 679),7,1
  12158. 394836,en,15,sannitaleti,sannitāḷeti,Sannitāḷeti,Sannitāḷeti,[saṁ+nitāḷeti] to strike J.V,71.(Page 678),11,1
  12159. 394841,en,15,sannitodaka,sannitodaka,Sannitodaka,Sannitodaka,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+ni+<em>tud</em>] “pricking,” instigating,jeering D.I,189; A.I,187; S.II,282.(Page 678),11,1
  12160. 394848,en,15,sannitthana,sanniṭṭhāna,Sanniṭṭhāna,Sanniṭṭhāna,(nt.) [saṁ+niṭṭhāna] 1.conclusion,consummation,J.II,166.-- 2.resolve J.I,19; 69; 187; IV,167; Vin.I,255 sq.-- 3.ascertainment,definite conclusion,conviction,J.VI,324; Vism.43.(Page 678),11,1
  12161. 394858,en,15,sannivada,saññīvāda,Saññīvāda,Saññīvāda,[saññin+vāda] name of a school maintaining conscious existence after death D.I,31; DA.I,119; Mhbv 110.(Page 671),9,1
  12162. 394867,en,15,sannivareti,sannivāreti,Sannivāreti,Sannivāreti,[saṁ+nivāreti] to restrain,check; to keep together M.I,115; Th.2,366.(Page 679),11,1
  12163. 394877,en,15,sannivasa,sannivāsa,Sannivāsa,Sannivāsa,[saṁ+nivāsa] association,living with; community A.I,78; II,57; D.III,271; Dh.206; J.IV,403; <i>loka-sannivāsa</i> the society of men,all the world J.I,366; II,205.(Page 679),9,1
  12164. 394885,en,15,sannivasati,sannivasati,Sannivasati,Sannivasati,[saṁ+nivasati] to live together,to associate A.I,78; pp.<i>sannivuttha</i>.(Page 679),11,1
  12165. 394893,en,15,sannivatta,sannivaṭṭa,Sannivaṭṭa,Sannivaṭṭa,[=saṁ+nivatta] returning,return Vin.I,139 sq.(Page 679),10,1
  12166. 394900,en,15,sannivesa,sannivesa,Sannivesa,Sannivesa,[saṁ+nivesa] preparation,encampment,settlement ThA.257.(Page 679),9,1
  12167. 394903,en,15,sannivesana,sannivesana,Sannivesana,Sannivesana,(nt.) [saṁ+nivesana] position,settlement; pāṭiekka-° private,separate J.I,92.(Page 679),11,1
  12168. 394911,en,15,sannivuttha,sannivuttha,Sannivuttha,Sannivuttha,[pp.of sannivasati] living together (with),associating A.IV,303 sq.(Page 679),11,1
  12169. 394914,en,15,sanniyojeti,sanniyojeti,Sanniyojeti,Sanniyojeti,[saṁ+niyojeti] to appoint,command Mhvs 5,34.(Page 679),11,1
  12170. 394920,en,15,sanniyyatana,sanniyyātana,Sanniyyātana,Sanniyyātana,(nt.) [saṁ+niyyātana] handing over,resignation DA.I,232.(Page 679),12,1
  12171. 394958,en,15,sant,sant,Sant,Sant,[ppr.of atthi] 1.being,existing D.I,61,152; A.I,176; It.62 sq.; Sn.98,124.-- 2.good,true S.I,17; Dh.151.‹-› Cases:Nom.sg.m.<i>santo</i> Sn.98; Miln.32; Nd<sup>2</sup> 635 (=samāna); f.satī (q.v.); nt.<i>santaṁ</i> A.V,8; PvA.192; Acc.<i>santaṁ</i> D.II,65; &#38; <i>sataṁ</i> J.IV,435 (opp.asaṁ); Instr.<i>satā</i> D.II,55; Loc.<i>sati</i> D.II,32; A.I,176; III,338; Sn.81; Dh.146; It.85; &#38; <i>sante</i> D.I,61; Abl.<i>santato</i> Nett 88; DhsA.206 sq.-- pl.Nom.<i>santo</i> M.I,24; S.I,71; Sn.450; It.62; Dh.151; nt.<i>santāni</i> D.I,152; Acc.<i>sante</i> Sn.94,665; Gen.<i>sataṁ</i> M.I,24; S.I,17; Sn.227; Instr.<i>sabbhi</i> D.II,246; S.I,17,56; Miln.221=J.V,49; Dh.151; Loc.<i>santesu</i>.-- Compar.<i>santatara</i> It.62; superl.<i>sattama</i> (q.v.).(Page 675),4,1
  12172. 394965,en,15,santa,santa,Santa,Santa,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of sammati<sup>2</sup>] tired,wearied,exhausted Dh.60; J.I,498; Pv.II,9<sup>36</sup> (=parissama-patta PvA.127).(Page 676),5,1
  12173. 394966,en,15,santa,santa,Santa,Santa,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of sammati<sup>1</sup>] calmed,tranquil,peaceful,pure D.I,12; Vin.I,4; S.I,5; A.II,18; Sn.746; Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup> (=upasanta-kilesa PvA.230); Miln.232,409; Vism.155 (°aṅga; opp.Oḷārik’aṅga); DhA.II,13; III,83.-- nt.peace,bliss,nibbāna S.IV,370.<br><br> <i>--indriya</i> one whose senses are tranquil A.II,38; Sn.144; Vin.I,195; J.I,506; <i>--kāya</i> of calmed body Dh.378; DhA.IV,114.<i>--dhamma</i> peaceful condition,quietude J.I,506; <i>--bhāva</i> id.Miln.265.<i>--mānasa</i> of tranquil mind Vin.I,195; J.I,506.<i>--vāsa</i> peaceful state DhA.IV,114.<i>--vutti</i> living a peaceful life It.30,121.(Page 675),5,1
  12174. 394981,en,15,santaca,santacā,Santacā,Santacā,(f.) [?] bark J.V,202 <i>(sattacaṁ</i>?<i>)</i>.(Page 676),7,1
  12175. 394997,en,15,santajjeti,santajjeti,Santajjeti,Santajjeti,[saṁ+tajjeti] to frighten,scold,menace J.I,479; V,94; ThA.65; PvA.123,195.(Page 676),10,1
  12176. 395010,en,15,santaka,santaka,Santaka,Santaka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+antaka] limited (opp.anantika) S.V,272.(Page 676),7,1
  12177. 395011,en,15,santaka,santaka,Santaka,Santaka,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [fr.sant; cp.BSk.santaka Divy 280 etc.] 1.belonging to J.I,122; nt.property J.I,91,494; DhA.I,346.-- 2.due to (Gen.) J.III,408; IV,37.-- 3.(being) in the power of J.IV,260 <i>(bhaya°)</i>.(Page 676),7,1
  12178. 395030,en,15,santana,santāna,Santāna,Santāna,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>tan</em>] 1.spreading,ramification,tendril (valli°) KhA 48.-- 2.one of the 5 celestial trees J.VI,239 (°maya made of its flowers).-- 3.(also m,) continuity,succession; lineage S.III,143; DA.I,46; DhsA.63,217,297; Vism.555; VbhA.164.Cp.<i>citta°</i> continuity of consciousness Cpd.167<sup>7</sup>.(Page 676),7,1
  12179. 395037,en,15,santanaka,santānaka,Santānaka,Santānaka,[santanā+ka] 1.(nt.)=santāna 1; VvA.94,162 (°valli a sort of long creeper).<i>mūla°</i> a spreading root S.III,155; J.I,277.-- 2.=santāna 2 VvA.12.‹-› 3.(nt.) a cobweb Vin.I,48.-- 4.offspring S.I,8.(Page 676),9,1
  12180. 395044,en,15,santaneti,santaneti,Santaneti,Santaneti,( &#38; °tāneti) [Caus.of saṁ+<em>tan</em>] to continue A.III,96 sq.; S.IV,104; Pug.66 sq.; SnA 5 (see santāyati).(Page 676),9,1
  12181. 395058,en,15,santapa,santāpa,Santāpa,Santāpa,(adj.-n.) [fr.saṁ+<em>tap</em>] burning; heat,fire; fig.torment,torture Sn.1123 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 636); J.I,502; Miln.97,324; VbhA.70 (various),245 (aggi°,suriya°); Sdhp.9,572.(Page 676),7,1
  12182. 395073,en,15,santapeti,santāpeti,Santāpeti,Santāpeti,see <i>santappati</i>.(Page 676),9,1
  12183. 395080,en,15,santapita,santāpita,Santāpita,Santāpita,[pp.of santāpeti] heated,aglow Th.2,504.(Page 676),9,1
  12184. 395091,en,15,santappati,santappati,Santappati,Santappati,[saṁ+tappati<sup>1</sup>] to be heated or chafed; fig.to grieve,sorrow M.I,188; J.III,153.-- pp.<i>santatta<sup>1</sup></i> ‹-› Caus.<i>°tāpeti</i> to burn,scorch,torment M.I,128; S.IV,56 sq.-- pp.<i>santāpita</i>.(Page 676),10,1
  12185. 395103,en,15,santappeti,santappeti,Santappeti,Santappeti,[Caus.of saṁ+tappati<sup>2</sup>] to satisfy,please D.I,109; Vin.I,18; J.I,50,272.-- pp.<i>santappita</i>.(Page 676),10,1
  12186. 395113,en,15,santappita,santappita,Santappita,Santappita,[pp.of santappeti] satisfied,pleased J.II,44; Pv.II,8<sup>11</sup> (=pīṇita PvA.110).(Page 676),10,1
  12187. 395119,en,15,santara,santara,Santara,Santara,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+antara,cp.E.with-in] inside; in comp<sup>n</sup> <i>°uttara</i> inner &#38; outer Vin.III,214; IV,281; <i>°uttarena</i> with an inner &#38; outer garment Vin.I,298; ThA.171; <i>°bāhira</i> within &#38; without D.I,74; Dh.315; J.I,125; DA.I,218; DhA.III,488.(Page 676),7,1
  12188. 395135,en,15,santarana,santāraṇa,Santāraṇa,Santāraṇa,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ī</i> (f.) [fr.saṁ+tāreti<sup>1</sup>] conveying to the other shore S.IV,174; M.I,134.-- f.<i>santāraṇī</i> Ap 234 (scil.nāvā).(Page 676),9,1
  12189. 395141,en,15,santarati,santarati,Santarati,Santarati,[saṁ+tarati<sup>2</sup>] to be in haste,to be agitated; ppr.<i>°amāna</i> (°rūpa) J.III,156,172; VI,12,451.(Page 676),9,1
  12190. 395154,en,15,santasa,santāsa,Santāsa,Santāsa,[saṁ+tāsa] trembling,fear,shock A.II,33; S.III,85; J.I,274; Miln.146,207; PvA.22.(Page 676),7,1
  12191. 395162,en,15,santasaniya,santāsaniya,Santāsaniya,Santāsaniya,(adj.) [fr.saṁ+tāsana] making frightened,inspiring terror Miln.387.(Page 676),11,1
  12192. 395171,en,15,santasati,santasati,Santasati,Santasati,[saṁ+tasati<sup>2</sup>] to be frightened or terrified,to fear,to be disturbed Miln.92.ppr.<i>santasaṁ</i> J.VI,306 (a°), &#38; <i>santasanto</i> J.IV,101 (a°); Pot.<i>santase</i> J.III,147; V,378; ger.<i>santasitvā</i> J.II,398.-- pp.<i>santasita </i>&<i> santatta</i>.(Page 676),9,1
  12193. 395184,en,15,santasin,santāsin,Santāsin,Santāsin,(adj.) [fr.santāsa] trembling,frightened Dh.351.(Page 676),8,1
  12194. 395186,en,15,santasita,santasita,Santasita,Santasita,[pp.of santasati] frightened Miln.92; PvA.260 (=suṭṭhu tasita).(Page 676),9,1
  12195. 395197,en,15,santatam,santataṁ,Santataṁ,Santataṁ,(adv.) [ satataṁ,or fr.saṁ+<em>tan</em>] continually,only in cpds.:<i>°kārin</i> consistent A.II,187; <i>°vutti</i> of consistent behaviour A.II,187; M.I,339; <i>°sīla</i> steady in character M.I,339.(Page 676),8,1
  12196. 395206,en,15,santatara,santatara,Santatara,Santatara,see <i>sant</i>.(Page 676),9,1
  12197. 395213,en,15,santati,santati,Santati,Santati,(f.) [fr.saṁ+<em>tan</em>,lit.stretch] 1.continuity,duration,subsistence Dhs.643; Nett 79; Miln.72,185; VbhA.8,170,173; VvA.25; Vism.431,449.<i>citta°</i> continuity of consciousness Kvu 458; cp.Cpd.6,153<sup>1</sup>,252 sq.; <i>dhamma°</i> continuity of states Miln.40; <i>rūpa°</i> of form VbhA.21; <i>saṅkhāra°</i> causal connection of material things Th.1,716.-- 2.lineage Miln.160.(Page 676),7,1
  12198. 395222,en,15,santatta,santatta,Santatta,Santatta,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of santasati] frightened,disturbed J.III,77 (=santrasta C.).(Page 676),8,1
  12199. 395223,en,15,santatta,santatta,Santatta,Santatta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of santappati] heated,glowing D.II,335; M.I,453; S.I,169 (divasa°); J.IV,118; Miln.325; PvA.38 (soka°).(Page 676),8,1
  12200. 395231,en,15,santavant,santavant,Santavant,Santavant,(adj.) [fr.santa<sup>1</sup>] tranquil Dh.378.(Page 676),9,1
  12201. 395235,en,15,santayati,santāyati,Santāyati,Santāyati,[saṁ+tāyati] to preserve (connect?) Vism.688 (better °dhāyati)=SnA 5 (reads °tāneti).(Page 676),9,1
  12202. 395243,en,15,santha,saṇṭha,Saṇṭha,Saṇṭha,a reed (used for bow-strings) M.I,429.(Page 671),6,1
  12203. 395249,en,15,santhagara,santhāgāra,Santhāgāra,Santhāgāra,[Sk.sansthāgāra] a council hall,a mote hall D.I,91; II,147; A.II,207; M.I,228,353,457; III,207; DA.I,256; J.IV,72,147; Vin.I,233; VvA.298; DhA.I,347.Cp.saṇṭhāna 3.(Page 677),10,1
  12204. 395257,en,15,santhahana,saṇṭhahana,Saṇṭhahana,Saṇṭhahana,(nt.) [fr.santiṭṭhati] recreation Vism.420 sq.(Page 671),10,1
  12205. 395271,en,15,santhamati,santhamati,Santhamati,Santhamati,at J.I,122 is to be read <i>saṇdhamati</i> “to blow.” (Page 677),10,1
  12206. 395275,en,15,santhambhana,santhambhanā,Santhambhanā,Santhambhanā,(f.) &#38; °thambhitatta (nt.) [abstr.fr.santhambhati] stiffening,stiffness,rigidity Dhs.636; DhsA.324; J.I,10 (a-santhambhana-bhāva).(Page 677),12,1
  12207. 395279,en,15,santhambhati,santhambhati,Santhambhati,Santhambhati,[saṁ+thambhati] to restrain oneself,to keep firm Sn.701 (imper.med.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.°thambhassu); Pug.65; J.I,255; III,95.-- Caus.<i>°thambheti</i> to make stiff or rigid,to numb J.I,10.(Page 677),12,1
  12208. 395298,en,15,santhana,saṇṭhāna,Saṇṭhāna,Saṇṭhāna,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+<em>sthā</em>] 1.configuration,position; composition,nature,shape,form Vin.II,76; M.I,120 (spelt °nth°); A.I,50; IV,190 (C.osakkana); Miln.270,316,405; J.I,71,291,368; II,108; Vism.184,225,243; DhsA.321; DA.I,88 (nth); SnA 464 (=linga).<i>su°</i> well formed Sn.28.-- adj.(-°) having the appearance of <i>megha-vaṇṇa°</i> PvA.251; <i>chavi°</i> appearance of the skin J.I,489; <i>vaṇṇa°</i> outward semblance Nett 27; J.I,271; <i>sarīra°</i> the (material) body Vism.193.-- 2.fuel J.II,330 =IV.471.-- 3.(usually spelt °nth°) a resting place,meeting place,public place (market) (cp.Sk.sansthāna in this meaning).At S.I,201 in phrase <i>nadī-tīresu saṇṭhāne sabhāsu rathiyāsu</i> (i.e.at all public places).S.I,201 reads <i>saṇṭhāne</i> (v.l.santhāne); cp.K.S.I.256 from C.:“a resting place (vissamana-ṭṭhāne) near the city gate,when market-wares had been brought down,” trsl<sup>n</sup> “resting by the gates.” This stanza is quoted at SnA 20,where the ed.prefers reading <i>panthāne</i> as correct reading (v.l.saṇṭhāne).At M.I,481 (°nth°)= S.II,28 (2 fr.b.),it seems to be used in the sense of “end,stopping,cessation”=A.IV,190 (the editions of S and A have saṇṭhāna).At J.VI,113 it is translated by “market place,” the comp.<i>saṇṭhāna-gata</i> being explained by the Comm.by saṇṭhāna-mariyādaṁ gatā,but at J.VI,360 <i>saṇṭhāna-gata</i> is by the English translator translated “a wealthy man” (<i>vinicchaye ṭhito</i>,Com.),which,however,ought to be “in the court house” (cp.vinicchaya-ṭṭhāna),i.e.publicly.In both places there is also v.l.santhāna-°.(Page 671),8,1
  12209. 395303,en,15,santhana,santhana,Santhana,Santhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>śam</em>,cp.Sk.śāntvana] 1.appeasing Dh.275.-- 2.satisfaction Vv 18<SUP>Q</SUP>.(Page 677),8,1
  12210. 395306,en,15,santhana,santhāna,Santhāna,Santhāna,see <i>saṇṭhāna</i>.(Page 677),8,1
  12211. 395328,en,15,santhapeti,saṇṭhapeti,Saṇṭhapeti,Saṇṭhapeti, &#38; °ṭhāpeti [Caus.of santiṭṭhati] 1.to settle,to establish A.II,94 (cittaṁ); S.IV,263; J.I,225; PvA.196.-- 2.to call to order D.I,179 (°āp°).-- 3.to adjust,fold up J.I,304.(Page 671),10,1
  12212. 395341,en,15,santhara,santhara,Santhara,Santhara,[fr.saṁ+<em>str</em>] a couch or mat Vin.II,162; A.I,277; Ap 97 (tiṇa°).(Page 677),8,1
  12213. 395348,en,15,santhara,santhāra,Santhāra,Santhāra,[saṁ+thāra] spreading,covering,floor(ing) S.I,170; Vin.II,120 (3 kinds of floors:iṭṭhakā°,silā°,dāru°,i.e.of tiles,flags,wood); A.I,136 (paṇṇa°); J.VI,24 (id.); J.I,92; Ps.I,176.-- 2.(cp.paṭi°) friendly welcome A.I,93 (āmisa° &#38; dhamma°).(Page 677),8,1
  12214. 395352,en,15,santharaka,santharaka,Santharaka,Santharaka,=santhara; only as <i>tiṇa°</i> made of grass Vin.I,24; M.I,501; J.I,360; VvA.262.(Page 677),10,1
  12215. 395354,en,15,santharaka,santhāraka,Santhāraka,Santhāraka,[santhāra+ka cp.BSk.sanstāraka MVastu III,272] a spread,cover,mat Vin.II,113 (tiṇa°),116.(Page 677),10,1
  12216. 395358,en,15,santharanaka,santharaṇaka,Santharaṇaka,Santharaṇaka,(adj.) [fr.santharati] spreading,strewing; °vāta a wind which strews things about SnA 67.(Page 677),12,1
  12217. 395366,en,15,santharati,santharati,Santharati,Santharati,[saṁ+tharati] to spread,strew D.II,84.-- pp.<i>santhata</i>.-- Caus.<i>santhāreti</i> Mhvs 29,12.-- Caus.II.<i>santharāpeti</i> to cause to be spread Vin.IV,39; Mhvs 29,9.(Page 677),10,1
  12218. 395373,en,15,santharim,santhariṁ,Santhariṁ,Santhariṁ,(adv.) [fr.santhara] by way of spreading; in <i>sabba°</i> so that all is spread,prepared D.II,84; cp.Vin.I,227,384.(Page 677),9,1
  12219. 395388,en,15,santhata,santhata,Santhata,Santhata,[pp.of santharati] 1.spread,strewn with (-°),covered D.II,160; Vin.III,32; Sn.401,668.--<i>dhamani°gatta</i> having the body strewn with veins,emaciated Vin.III,146=J.II,283; J.I,346,350 &#38; passim (see dhamani).Kern,Toev.s.v.considers <i>santata</i> the right spelling.-- 2.(nt.) a rug or mat Vin.III,224; Vv 63<sup>5</sup> (=tiṇa-santharaka VvA.262).(Page 677),8,1
  12220. 395396,en,15,santhati,saṇṭhāti,Saṇṭhāti,Saṇṭhāti,see <i>santiṭṭhati</i>.(Page 671),8,1
  12221. 395401,en,15,santhatika,santhatika,Santhatika,Santhatika,(adj.) [fr.santhata 2] sleeping on a rug Miln.342,359.(Page 677),10,1
  12222. 395409,en,15,santhava,santhava,Santhava,Santhava,[fr.saṁ+<i>stu</i>,cp.santhuta] acquaintance,intimacy S.I,17; Sn.37,168,207,245; J.I,158; II,27,42,180; Dhs.1059; DhsA.364; DhA.I,235.Nom.pl.<i>santhavāni</i> Sn.844=S.III,9; J.IV,98.<i>--°jāta</i> having become acquainted,an acquaintance Nd<sup>1</sup> 198.--<i>a°vissāsin</i> intimate without being acquainted A.III,136.(Page 677),8,1
  12223. 395417,en,15,santhavana,santhavana,Santhavana,Santhavana,(nt.) [fr.saṁ+thavati] acquaintance DhsA.364.(Page 677),10,1
  12224. 395425,en,15,santhita,saṇṭhita,Saṇṭhita,Saṇṭhita,[pp.of santiṭṭhati] 1.established in (-°),settled,composed Sn.330 (santi-soracca-samādhi°); Sdhp.458; <i>su°</i> firmly or well established Sn.755; Miln.383; in a good position,well situated DhsA.65.-- 2.being composed (as),being of the nature of (-°),<i>ullumpanasabhāva°</i> of a helping disposition DA.I,177; PvA.35.(Page 671),8,1
  12225. 395434,en,15,santhiti,saṇṭhiti,Saṇṭhiti,Saṇṭhiti,(f.) [fr.santiṭṭhati] 1.stability,firmness S.V,228; Dhs.11; Vism.206; DhsA.143; Sdhp.460.-- 2.fixing,settling Miln.144.(Page 671),8,1
  12226. 395443,en,15,santhuta,santhuta,Santhuta,Santhuta,(adj.) [saṁ+thuta] acquainted,familiar J.I,365; III,63 (cira°); V,448 (so read for santhata); Sdhp.31; Neg.<i>a°</i> J.III,63,221; VI,310.Cp.<i>santhava</i>.(Page 677),8,1
  12227. 395448,en,15,santhutika,santhutika,Santhutika,Santhutika,(adj.) [fr.santhuta] acquainted Vism.78.(Page 677),10,1
  12228. 395456,en,15,santi,santi,Santi,Santi,(f.) [fr.<em>śam</em>,cp.Sk.°śānti] tranquillity,peace Sn.204; D.II,157; A.II,24; Dh.202.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> act of appeasing (the gods),pacification D.I,12; DA.I,97.<i>--pada</i> “the place of tranquillity”; tranquil state,i.e.Nibbāna A.II,18; VvA.219.<i>--vāda</i> an advocate of mental calm Sn.845 (°vada in verse); Nd<sup>1</sup> 203.(Page 676),5,1
  12229. 395468,en,15,santika,santika,Santika,Santika,(nt.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+antika] vicinity,presence; <i>santikaṁ</i> into the presence of,towards J.I,91,185; <i>santikā</i> from the presence of,from J.I,43,83,189; <i>santike</i> in the presence of,before,with D.I,79,144; Dh.32=Miln.408; Sn.379; Vin.I,12; S.I,33; J.V,467; with Acc.S.IV,74; with Abl.Mhvs 205; nibbānasantike Dh.372; Instr.<i>santikena</i>=by,along with J.II,301 (if not a mistake instead of santikaṁ or santike?).<br><br> <i>--âvacara</i> keeping or being near D.I,206; II,139; J.I,67.(Page 676),7,1
  12230. 395475,en,15,santika,santikā,Santikā,Santikā,(f.) [unclear in origin &#38; meaning] a kind of game,“spellicans” (Rh.D.); (Kern:knibbelspel) D.I,6; Vin.II,10; III,180; DA.I,85.(Page 676),7,1
  12231. 395495,en,15,santirana,santīraṇa,Santīraṇa,Santīraṇa,(nt.) [saṁ+tīraṇa] investigation,decision; as t.t.denoting a stage in the act of sense-cognition,judging an impression (see Cpd.28,40,238) DA.I,194; DhsA.264,269,272; Vism.459.As <i>°ā</i> (f.) at Nett 82,191.<i>--°kicca</i> function of judging Tikp 33; Vism.21,454.(Page 676),9,1
  12232. 395507,en,15,santitthati,santiṭṭhati,Santiṭṭhati,Santiṭṭhati,[saṁ+tiṭṭhati] 1.to stand,stand still,remain,continue A.IV,101 (udakaṁ=stands still),282,302 sq.; Pug.31; J.I,26.-- 2.to be established,to be put into order Vin.II,11.-- 3.to stick to,to be fixed or settled,to be composed D.II,206; III,239 (citta); S.V,321; Vin.I,9,15; It.43.-- 4.to restrain oneself J.I,438.‹-› 5.to wait for (Acc.) DhA.I,50.-- Forms:pres.<i>santiṭṭhati</i> D.II,206; S.III,133; <i>saṇṭhahati</i> J.VI,160; &#38; <i>saṇṭhāti</i> Pug.31; J.IV,469.ppr.<i>saṇṭhahanto</i> Vin.I,9; Pot.<i>saṇṭhaheyya</i> Vin.II,11; S.V,321.aor.<i>saṇṭhāsi</i> Vin.I,15; <i>saṇṭhahiṁsu</i> (3<sup>rd</sup> pl.) S.II,224.Inf.<i>saṇṭhātuṁ</i> J.I,438; DhA.I,50.-- pp.<i>saṇṭhita</i> -- Caus.II.<i>saṇṭhapeti (</i>&<i> °ṭhāpeti)</i>.(Page 676),11,1
  12233. 395519,en,15,santosa,santosa,Santosa,Santosa,[fr.saṁ+<em>tuṣ</em>] contentment DA.I,204.(Page 677),7,1
  12234. 395525,en,15,santuleyya,santuleyya,Santuleyya,Santuleyya,(adj.) [metric for °tulya,grd.of saṁ+tuleti] commeasurable; neg.<i>a°</i> J.VI,283.(Page 677),10,1
  12235. 395527,en,15,santus,santus,Santus,Santus,(s)ita [pp.of santussati] contented,pleased,happy S.III,45 (°tussit’attā); Sn.1040; Dh.362 (=suṭṭhu tusita DhA.IV,90); Mhbv 31 (ss).(Page 677),6,1
  12236. 395540,en,15,santussaka,santussaka,Santussaka,Santussaka,(adj.) [fr.santussati] content Sn.144.(Page 677),10,1
  12237. 395552,en,15,santussati,santussati,Santussati,Santussati,[saṁ+tussati] to be contented,or pleased,or happy; ppr.<i>°amāna</i> Sn.42.-- pp.<i>santuṭṭha </i>&<i> °tusita</i>.(Page 677),10,1
  12238. 395566,en,15,santuttha,santuṭṭha,Santuṭṭha,Santuṭṭha,[pp.of santussati] pleased,happy D.I,60,71; M.II,6; A.II,209; IV,232 sq.; V,25,67,130,154.mahā°,the greatly contented one,the Arahant DhsA.407.(Page 677),9,1
  12239. 395577,en,15,santutthi,santuṭṭhi,Santuṭṭhi,Santuṭṭhi,(f.) [saṁ+tuṭṭhi] satisfaction,contentment D.I,71; M.I,13; Sn.265; Dh.204; A.II,27,31; III,219 sq.,432 (a°); DhA.IV,111.(Page 677),9,1
  12240. 395585,en,15,santutthita,santuṭṭhitā,Santuṭṭhitā,Santuṭṭhitā,(f.) [abstr.formation fr.last] state of contentment D.III,115; A.I,12; Pug.25; Vism.53; Dhs.1367 (a°).(Page 677),11,1
  12241. 395595,en,15,sanu,sānu,Sānu,Sānu,(m.and nt.) [Vedic sānu] ridge Vv 32<sup>10</sup>; J.III,172.The commentary on the former passage (VvA.136),translates vana wood,that on the latter paṁsupabbata; sānupabbata a forest-hill J.IV,277; VI,415,540; pabbatasānu-° J.III,175; girisānu-° J.III,301; IV,195.(Page 704),4,1
  12242. 395606,en,15,sanucara,sānucara,Sānucara,Sānucara,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+anucara] together with followers Dh.294; J.VI,172.(Page 704),8,1
  12243. 395617,en,15,sanuseti,sānuseti,Sānuseti,Sānuseti,[sa (=saṁ)+anuseti] to fill (the mind) completely A.II,10.(Page 704),8,1
  12244. 395624,en,15,sanuvajja,sānuvajja,Sānuvajja,Sānuvajja,(adj.) [sa+anuvajja] blameable A.II,3.(Page 704),9,1
  12245. 395637,en,15,sapa,sāpa,Sāpa,Sāpa,[fr.<em>sap</em>,cp.Sk.śāpa] a curse VvA.336; DhA.I,41.(Page 704),4,1
  12246. 395644,en,15,sapada,sāpada,Sāpada,Sāpada,(nt.) [cp.Sk.śvāpada] a beast of prey J.II,126; VI,79.(Page 704),6,1
  12247. 395660,en,15,sapadanam,sapadānaṁ,Sapadānaṁ,Sapadānaṁ,(adv.) [fr.phrase sa-padānaṁ-cārikā; i.e.sa<sup>2</sup>+Gen.pl.of pada (cp.gimhāna).Weber (Ind.Str.III,398) suggests sapadā+naṁ,sapadā being an Instr.by-form of sapadā,and naṁ an enclitic.Trenckner (Miln.p.428) says sapadi+ayana.Kern (Toev.II.73) agrees on the whole,but expl<sup>s</sup> padānaṁ as pad’āyanaṁ] “with the same steps,” i.e.without interruption,constant,successive (cp.Lat stante pede &#38; Sk.adv.<i>sapadi</i> at once).(1) lit.(perhaps a later use) of a bird at J.V,358 (s.sāliṁ khādanto,without a stop); of a lion at Miln.400 (sapadāna-bhakkha).(2) appl<sup>d</sup> in phrase <i>sapadānaṁ carati</i> to go on uninterrupted alms-begging Vin.IV,191; S.III,238; Sn.413; J.I,66; Pv IV.3<sup>44</sup>; VvA.121; and in phrases <i>sapadāna-cārikā</i> J.I,89; <i>°cārika</i> (adj.) Vin.III,15; <i>°cārin</i> M.I,30; II,7; Sn.65; Nd<sup>2</sup> 646.Also as adj.<i>sapadāna</i> (piṇḍapāta) Vin.II,214.(Page 679),9,1
  12248. 395668,en,15,sapadesa,sāpadesa,Sāpadesa,Sāpadesa,(adj.) [sa+apadesa] with reasons D.I,4; A.II,22; M.I,180; III,34,49; Pug.58; DA.I,76.Opp.<i>anapadesa</i> M.I,287.(Page 704),8,1
  12249. 395676,en,15,sapadi,sapadi,Sapadi,Sapadi,(adv.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+adv.form<sup>n</sup> fr.pada] instantly,at once Dāvs.I,62.(Page 679),6,1
  12250. 395686,en,15,sapajapatika,sapajāpatika,Sapajāpatika,Sapajāpatika,(adj.) 1.with Pajāpati.The passage under <i>pajāpati</i> 1.was distorted through copyist’s default.It should read:“only in one formula,with Inda &#38; Brahmā,viz.devā sa-indakā sa-brahmakā sa-pajāpatikā D.II,274 (without sa-brahmakā); S.III,90= A.V,325.Otherwise <i>sapajāpatika</i> in sense of foll.Also at VbhA.497 with Brahmā.” -- 2.with one’s wife Vin.I,23; IV,62; J.I,345.(Page 679),12,1
  12251. 395694,en,15,sapaka,sapāka,Sapāka,Sapāka,[san+pāka; cp.Sk.śvapāka] “dog-cooker,” an outcast or Caṇḍāla J.IV,380.Cp.<i>sopāka</i>.(Page 680),6,1
  12252. 395700,en,15,sapallava,sapallava,Sapallava,Sapallava,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+pallava] with the sprouts VvA.173.(Page 680),9,1
  12253. 395705,en,15,sapanadoni,sāpānadoṇī,Sāpānadoṇī,Sāpānadoṇī,M.II,183=152 (C.=sunakhānaṁ pivanadoṇi a dog’s trough).(Page 704),10,1
  12254. 395721,en,15,saparidanda,saparidaṇḍā,Saparidaṇḍā,Saparidaṇḍā,(f.) a cert.class of women,the use of whom renders a person liable to punishment Vin.III,139= A.V,264 M.I,286.(Page 680),11,1
  12255. 395728,en,15,sapariggaha,sapariggaha,Sapariggaha,Sapariggaha,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+pariggaha] 1.provided with possessions D.I,247; Sn.393.-- 2.having a wife,married J.VI,369.(Page 680),11,1
  12256. 395763,en,15,sapateyya,sāpateyya,Sāpateyya,Sāpateyya,(nt.) [sā (=guṇa of sva)+pateyya (abstr.fr.pati lord),cp.ādhi-pateyya] property,wealth D.I,142; II,180; III,190; Vin.I,72,274; III,66; J.I,439,466; Th.2,340; ThA.240; J.V,117 (sāpateya,var.read.sāpatiyya); DhA.I,67.(Page 704),9,1
  12257. 395772,en,15,sapatha,sapatha,Sapatha,Sapatha,[fr.<em>śap</em>] an oath Vin.I,347; J.I,180,267; III,138; SnA 418.(Page 679),7,1
  12258. 395781,en,15,sapati,sapati,Sapati,Sapati,<i> </i>[<i>śap</i>,cp.Dhtp 184 “akkose”] to swear,curse S.I,225; J.V,104,397; Mhvs 25,113; VvA.336.-- pp.<i>satta</i><sup>3</sup>.(Page 679),6,1
  12259. 395789,en,15,sapati,sapatī,Sapatī,Sapatī,(f.) having the same husband; a rival wife,a cowife Pv.I,6<sup>6</sup>; II,3<sup>2</sup>.(Page 679),6,1
  12260. 395793,en,15,sapatika,sapatikā,Sapatikā,Sapatikā,(adj.) having a husband,a woman whose husband is alive J.VI,158; PvA.86.(Page 679),8,1
  12261. 395801,en,15,sapatta,sapatta,Sapatta,Sapatta,[Sk.sapatna] hostile,rival Th.2,347; ThA.242; sapattarājā a rival king J.I,358; II,94; III,416; asapatta without enmity Sn.150; sapatta (m.) a rival,foe,It.83; A.IV,94 sq.; J.I,297.(Page 679),7,1
  12262. 395811,en,15,sapattabhara,sapattabhāra,Sapattabhāra,Sapattabhāra,[sa<sup>3</sup>+patta<sup>1</sup>+bhāra] with the weight of the wings,carrying one’s wings with oneself D.I,71; M.I,180,268; A.II,210; Pug.58.(Page 679),12,1
  12263. 395819,en,15,sapattaka,sapattaka,Sapattaka,Sapattaka,(adj.) [fr.last] hostile,full of enmity D.I,227.(Page 679),9,1
  12264. 395835,en,15,sapatti,sapattī,Sapattī,Sapattī,(f.) [Sk.sapatnī] a co-wife D.II,330; J.I,398; IV,316,491; Th.2,224; DhA.I,47.<i>asapattī</i> without any co-wife S.IV,249.(Page 679),7,1
  12265. 395837,en,15,sapattika,sapattika,Sapattika,Sapattika,(nt.) the state of a co-wife Th.2,216; ThA.178.-- Kern,Toev.s.v.proposes reading <i>sā°</i>.(Page 679),9,1
  12266. 395846,en,15,sapattika,sāpattika,Sāpattika,Sāpattika,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+āpatti+ka] one who has committed a sin (see āpatti) Vin.I,125; II,240; Nd<sup>1</sup> 102.(Page 704),9,1
  12267. 395857,en,15,sapekha,sāpekha,Sāpekha,Sāpekha,[sa+apekhā] longing for D.II,77; III,43.(Page 704),7,1
  12268. 395873,en,15,saphala,saphala,Saphala,Saphala,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+phala] bearing fruit,having its reward Dh.52.(Page 680),7,1
  12269. 395876,en,15,saphalaka,saphalaka,Saphalaka,Saphalaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+phalaka] together with his shield Mhvs 25,63.(Page 680),9,1
  12270. 395909,en,15,sappa,sappa,Sappa,Sappa,[cp.Sk.sarpa,fr.<em>sṛp</em><i>;</i> “serpent”] a snake M.I,130; A.III,97,260 sq.; Sn.768; J.I,46,259,310,372; V,447 (kaṇha°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 7; DA.I,197; SnA 13.Often in similes,e.g.Vism.161,587; KhA 144; SnA 226,333.<i>--°potaka</i> a young snake Vism.500; <i>--°phaṇa</i> the hood of a snake KhA 50.-- Cp.<i>sappin</i>.(Page 680),5,1
  12271. 395924,en,15,sappaccaya,sappaccaya,Sappaccaya,Sappaccaya,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+paccaya] correlated,having a cause,conditioned D.I,180; A.I,82; Dhs.1083.(Page 680),10,1
  12272. 395940,en,15,sappadesa,sappadesa,Sappadesa,Sappadesa,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+padesa] in all places,all round M.I,153.(Page 680),9,1
  12273. 395952,en,15,sappana,sappana,Sappana,Sappana,(nt.) [fr.sappati] gliding on DhsA.133.(Page 680),7,1
  12274. 395960,en,15,sappanaka,sappāṇaka,Sappāṇaka,Sappāṇaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+pāṇa+ka] containing animate beings Vin.III,125; J.I,198.(Page 680),9,1
  12275. 395972,en,15,sappanna,sappañña,Sappañña,Sappañña,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+pañña] wise M.I,225; Sn.591; often as <i>sapañña</i> It.36; Sn.90; J.II,65.(Page 680),8,1
  12276. 395991,en,15,sappati,sappati,Sappati,Sappati,[<i>sṛp</i>,cp.Vedic sarpati,Gr.e(ρpw,Lat.serpo; Dhtp 194 “gamana”] to creep,crawl:see <i>saṁ°</i>.(Page 680),7,1
  12277. 395997,en,15,sappatibhaga,sappaṭibhāga,Sappaṭibhāga,Sappaṭibhāga,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+paṭibhāga] 1.resembling,like D.II,215; J.I,303; Pug.30 sq.; Miln.37.-- 2.having as (equal) counterparts,evenly mixed with M.I,320 (kaṇhasukka°); Miln.379 (id.).(Page 680),12,1
  12278. 396011,en,15,sappatigha,sappaṭigha,Sappaṭigha,Sappaṭigha,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+paṭigha] producing reaction,reacting D.III,217; Dhs.597,617,648,1089; DhsA.317; Vism.451.(Page 680),10,1
  12279. 396018,en,15,sappatihariya,sappāṭihāriya,Sappāṭihāriya,Sappāṭihāriya,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+pāṭihāriya] accompanied by wonders D.I,198; S.V,261; Ud.63.(Page 680),13,1
  12280. 396023,en,15,sappatihirakata,sappāṭihīrakata,Sappāṭihīrakata,Sappāṭihīrakata,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+pāṭihīra+kata] made with wonders,substantiated by wonders,substantiated,well founded D.I,198; III,121 (“has been made a thing of saving grace” Dial.III,115,q.v.).(Page 680),15,1
  12281. 396031,en,15,sappatipuggala,sappaṭipuggala,Sappaṭipuggala,Sappaṭipuggala,[sa<sup>3</sup>+paṭipuggala] having an equal,comparable,a friend M.I,27.(Page 680),14,1
  12282. 396036,en,15,sappatissa,sappaṭissa,Sappaṭissa,Sappaṭissa,(adj.) [sa+paṭissā,cp.BSk.sapratīśa Divy 333,484] reverential,deferential It.10; Vin.I,45; Vv 84<sup>41</sup> (cp.VvA.347).See also <i>gārava</i>.(Page 680),10,1
  12283. 396040,en,15,sappatissava,sappaṭissava,Sappaṭissava,Sappaṭissava,(adj.) [sa+paṭissava] deferential,respectful DhsA.125,127=J.I,129,131; <i>--tā</i> deference,reverence Dhs.1327=Pug.24.(Page 680),12,1
  12284. 396049,en,15,sappaya,sappāya,Sappāya,Sappāya,(adj.) [saṁ+pā (=pra+ā)+<em>i</em>,cp.pāya.The corresponding BSk.form is sāmpreya (=saṁ+pra+<i>i</i>,with guṇa),e.g.AvŚ I.255; III,110] likely,beneficial,fit,suitable A.I,120; S.III,268; IV,23 sq.,133 sq.(Nibbāna° paṭipadā); J.I,182,195; II,436 (kiṁci sappāyaṁ something that did him good,a remedy); Vin.I,292,302; Miln.215 (sappāyakiriyā,giving a drug).nt.something beneficial,benefit,help Vism.34,87 (°sevin); VbhA.265 (various),271 (°kathā).-- Ten sappāyas &#38; 10 asappāyas at DhsA.168.-- <i>sappāyâsappāyaṁ</i> what is suitable,and what not J.I,215,471; used as the last part of a compound,meaning what is suitable with reference to:senāsanasappāya (nt.) suitable lodgings J.I,215.(Page 680),7,1
  12285. 396062,en,15,sappayata,sappāyatā,Sappāyatā,Sappāyatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.sappāya] agreeableness,suitability,convenience Vism.79,121 (a°),127.(Page 680),9,1
  12286. 396077,en,15,sappi,sappi,Sappi,Sappi,(nt.) [Vedic sarpis] clarified butter,ghee D.I,9,141,201; A.I,278; A.II,95,207 (°tela); III,219; IV,103; Sn.295 (°tela).Dhs.646; J.I,184; II,43; IV,223 (°tela); Vin.I,58,etc.<i>--°maṇḍa</i> [cp.BSk.sarpimaṇḍa Divy 3 etc.] the scum,froth,cream of clarified butter,the best of ghee D.I,201; A.II,95; VvA.172; Pug.70; its tayo guṇā Miln.322.(Page 680),5,1
  12287. 396093,en,15,sappin,sappin,Sappin,Sappin,(adj.-n.) [fr.sappati] crawling,creeping; moving along:see <i>pīṭha°</i>.-- (f.) <i>sappinī</i> a female snake J.VI,339 (where the differences between a male and a female snake are discussed).(Page 680),6,1
  12288. 396108,en,15,sappitika,sappītika,Sappītika,Sappītika,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+pīti+ka] accompanied by the feeling of joy,joyful A.I,81; J.I,10; Vism.86 (opp.nippītika).(Page 680),9,1
  12289. 396126,en,15,sappurisa,sappurisa,Sappurisa,Sappurisa,[sat (=sant)+purisa] a good,worthy man M.III,21,37; D.III,252 (the 7 s°-dhammā),274,276,283; A.II,217 sq.,239; Dhs.259=1003; Vin.I,56; Dh.54; Pv.II,9<sup>8</sup>; II,9<sup>45</sup>; IV,1<sup>87</sup>; J.I,202; equal to <i>ariya</i> M.I,8; S.III,4; asappurisa=anariya SnA 479.<i>sappurisatara</i> a better man S.V,20.(Page 680),9,1
  12290. 396167,en,15,sara,sara,Sara,Sara,<sup>5</sup> [Vedic svara,<em>svar</em>,cp.Lat.su-surrus,Ger.surren] sound,voice,intonation,accent Vin.II,108; D.II,24 sq.; A.I,227; Pv.II,12<sup>4</sup> (of birds’singing=abhiruda C.); J.II,109; Sn.610 (+vaṇṇa,which is doubtful here,whether “complexion” or “speech,” preferably the former); DhsA.17; eight qualities D.II,211,227; gītāssara song Vin.II,108; bindussara a sweet voice Sn.350; adj.J.II,439; <i>sīhassara</i> with a voice like a lion’s J.V,296,311 (said of a prince).Cp.<i>vissara</i>.-- In comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>vaṇṇa</i> (vowel) at A.IV,307; Miln.340.<br><br> <i>--kutti</i> [=kḷpti; can we compare BSk.svaragupti “depth of voice” Divy 222?] intonation,resonance,timbre,melodiousness of voice Vin.II,108=A.III,251; J.VI,293 (Kern,“enamoured behaviour” [?]); DhsA.16.Cp.Vin.Texts III,72.<i>--bhañña</i> intoning,a particular mode of reciting Vin.I,196; II,108,316; J.II,109; DhA.I,154.<i>--bhāṇa</i>=°bhañña DhA.II,95 (v.l.°bhañña).<i>--bhāṇaka</i> an intoner,one who intones or recites the sacred texts in the Sarabhañña manner Vin.II,300.<i>--sara</i> an imitative word; sarasaraṁ karoti to make the noise sarasara M.I,128.(Page 697),4,1
  12291. 396168,en,15,sara,sara,Sara,Sara,<sup>4</sup> (adj.) [fr.sarati<sup>2</sup>] remembering M.I,453; A.II,21; DA.I,106.<i>°saṅkappa</i> mindfulness and aspiration M.I,453; III,132; S.IV,76,137,190; Nett 16.(Page 697),4,1
  12292. 396169,en,15,sara,sara,Sara,Sara,<sup>3</sup> (m.-nt.) [Vedic saras] a lake J.I,221; II,10; VI,518 (Mucalinda); there are seven great lakes (mahā-sarā,viz.Anotatta,Sīhapapāta,Rathakāra,Kaṇṇamuṇḍa,Kuṇāla,Chaddanta,Mandākini) A.IV,101; D.I,54; J.II,92; DA.I,164,283; <i>aṇṇava°</i> the ocean D.II,89; cp.A.II,55; Loc.sare J.II,80; sarasmiṁ Sn.1092; &#38; sarasi Mhvs 10,7; jātassara a natural lake J.I,472 sq.(Page 697),4,1
  12293. 396170,en,15,sara,sara,Sara,Sara,<sup>2</sup> (adj.-n.) [fr.sarati<sup>1</sup> 1.going,moving,following Sn.3,901 -- 2.fluid,flow J.I,359 (pūti°).(Page 697),4,1
  12294. 396171,en,15,sara,sara,Sara,Sara,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Vedic śara] 1.the reed Saccharum sara Miln.342.-- 2.an arrow (orig.made of that reed) D.I,9; Dh.304; Miln.396; DhA 216 (visa-pīta).<br><br> <i>--tuṇḍa</i> a beak as sharp as an arrow DhA.III,32.<i>--daṇḍaka</i> shaft of an arrow DhA.II,141.<i>--bhaṅga</i> arrow-breaking Vism.411 (in comp.).(Page 697),4,1
  12295. 396183,en,15,sara,sāra,Sāra,Sāra,[Vedic sāra nt.] 1.essential,most excellent,strong A.II,110; Vin.IV,214; J.III,368; Pug.53.-- 2.(m.) the innermost,hardest part of anything,the heart or pith of a tree (see also pheggu) M.I,111; J.I,331; Miln.413; most excellent kind of wood Vin.II,110; D.II,182,187; sattasārā the elect,the salt of the earth M.III,69.‹-› 3.substance,essence,choicest part (generally at the end of comp.) Vin.I,184; A.II,141; S.III,83,140; Sn.5,330,364; Dh.11 sq.; PvA.132,211 (candana°).sāre patiṭṭhito established,based,on what is essential M.I,31; A.II,183.-- 4.value Miln.10; appasāra of small value D.II,346.-- <i>asāra</i> worthless Sn.937; nissāra the same J.II,163 (pithless); mahāsāra of high value J.I,384,463.<br><br> <i>--ādāyin</i> acquiring what is essential S.IV,250.<i>--gandha</i> the odour of the heart of a tree Dhs.625.<i>--gabbha</i> a treasury J.III,408; V,331.<i>--gavesin</i> searching for hard wood M.I,111,233; sārapariyesana the same ibid.<i>--dāru</i> strong,durable wood J.II,68.<i>--bhaṇḍa(ka)</i> a bundle of one’s best things J.II,225.<i>--bhūmi</i> good soil J.II,188.<i>--mañjūsā</i> a box made of choice wood J.IV,335.<i>--maya</i> being of hard or solid wood J.III,318 (C.sārarukkhamaya,“of sāra wood” trsl<sup>n</sup>).<i>--suvaṇṇa</i> sterling gold SnA 448 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of name Bimbisāra).<i>--sūci</i> a needle made of hard wood J.I,9.(Page 705),4,1
  12296. 396195,en,15,sarabha,sarabha,Sarabha,Sarabha,[Vedic śarabha a sort of deer J.IV,267; VI,537] (rohiccasarabhā migā=rohitā sarabhamigā,C.ibid.538); Sarabhamigajātaka the 483rd Jātaka J.I,193,406 (text Sarabhaṅga); IV,263 sq.<br><br> <i>--pallaṅka</i> “antelope-couch,” a high seat,from which the Bodhisat preaches J.III,342 (cp.vara-pallaṅka J.III,364).<i>--pādaka</i> having legs like those of a gazelle J.I,267.(Page 698),7,1
  12297. 396216,en,15,sarabhasam,sarabhasaṁ,Sarabhasaṁ,Sarabhasaṁ,(adv.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+rabhasaṁ] eagerly,quickly Dāvs.IV,22,34 sq.,43.(Page 698),10,1
  12298. 396222,en,15,sarabhu,sarabhū,Sarabhū,Sarabhū,(f.) [cp.Sk.saraṭa] a lizard Vin.II,110; A.II,73; J.II,135,147; SnA 439.(Page 698),7,1
  12299. 396243,en,15,sarada,sarada,Sarada,Sarada,[Vedic śarad (f.) traces of the cons.decl.only in Acc.pl.sarado sataṁ “100 autumns” J.II,16] autumn,the season following on the rains Sn.687; Vv 35<sup>2</sup>.<i>°-samaya</i> the autumn season D.II,183; M.I,115; A.IV,102; V,22; It.20; S.I,65; III,141,155; V,44; VvA.134,161.(Page 698),6,1
  12300. 396249,en,15,sarada,sārada,Sārada,Sārada,(adj.) [Vedic śārada,fr.śarad autumn (of Babyl.origin? cp.Assyr.šabātu corn month)] autumnal,of the latest harvest,this year’s,fresh A.III,404=D.III,354 (<i>bījāni</i> fresh seeds); A.I,135,181 (badara-paṇḍu); S.III,54; V,380; Miln.255; Dh.149 (but at this passage expl<sup>d</sup> as “scattered by the autumn winds” DhA.III,112).-- <i>asārada</i> stale,old D.II,353; S.V,379.Fig.<i>sārada</i> unripe,not experienced,immature (see <i>sārajja</i> shyness),opp.<i>visārada</i> (der.vesārajja) experienced,wise,selfconfident; <i>vīta-sārada</i> id.(e.g.A.II,24; It.123).- Note:At K.S.III,46 (=S.III,54) s.is wrongly taken as <i>sāra+da</i>,i.e.“giving sāra”; but seeds do not give sāra:they contain sāra (cp.sāravant).The C expl<sup>n</sup> as <i>sār-ādāyin</i> is nearer the truth,but of course not literal; <i>°da</i> is not <i>ā+°da</i>,Moreover,the fig.meaning cannot be reconciled with this expl<sup>n</sup>.(Page 706),6,1
  12301. 396270,en,15,saraddha,sāraddha,Sāraddha,Sāraddha,[=saṁraddha] violent,angry A.I,148,282; S.IV,125; M.I,21; Vism.134 (opp.passaddha-kāya),282 (°kāya); VbhA.283 (id.).(Page 706),8,1
  12302. 396278,en,15,saradika,sāradika,Sāradika,Sāradika,(adj.) [fr.sārada] autumnal Vin.I,199; II,41; Dh.285=J.I,183; Vv 64<sup>17</sup>; DhA.III,428.(Page 706),8,1
  12303. 396291,en,15,saraga,sarāga,Sarāga,Sarāga,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+rāga] connected with lust,passionate D.I,79; II,299; M.I,59; Vism.410.(Page 698),6,1
  12304. 396296,en,15,saraga,sārāga,Sārāga,Sārāga,[=saṁrāga,fr.saṁ+<em>raj</em>] affection,infatuation Vin.II,258; M.I,17,498; A.I,264; S.III,69 sq.,93; Dhs.1059,1230; cp.saṁrāga.-- Neg.<i>a°</i> Dhs.32,312,315.(Page 706),6,1
  12305. 396314,en,15,saragin,sārāgin,Sārāgin,Sārāgin,(adj.) [fr.last] attached to M.I,239 (sukha-°); sukha-sārāgita ibid.impassioned.(Page 706),7,1
  12306. 396324,en,15,saraja,saraja,Saraja,Saraja,(adj.) [sa+rajo] dusty Vin.I,48; A.II,54.(Page 697),6,1
  12307. 396328,en,15,sarajaka,sarājaka,Sarājaka,Sarājaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+rāja+ka] including the king J.I,126; fem.--ikā Vin.II,188; S.I,162; J.II,113,114 (sarājika at J.III,453); with the king’s participation Tikp 26 (sassāmika-sarājaka geha).(Page 698),8,1
  12308. 396337,en,15,sarajita,sarājita,Sarājita,Sarājita,denomination of a purgatory and its inhabitants S.IV,309 sq.Various readings Parājita and Sarañjita.(Page 698),8,1
  12309. 396340,en,15,sarajja,sārajja,Sārajja,Sārajja,(nt.) [abstr.fr.sārada=*sāradya] timidity A.III,127,203; IV,359,364; Miln.24,72,196 (parisa°,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 470); J.I,334; II,66; nissārajja undaunted J.I,274.(Page 705),7,1
  12310. 396349,en,15,sarajjana,sārajjanā,Sārajjanā,Sārajjanā,(f.) [fr.sārajjati] infatuation,feeling infatuated Dhs.389; J.V,446.(Page 705),9,1
  12311. 396357,en,15,sarajjati,sārajjati,Sārajjati,Sārajjati,[saṁ+<em>raj</em>,cp.BSk.sārajyati,Sk.saṁrajyate,cp.sārāga] to be pleased with,to be attached to A.I,260; S.II,172; III,69 sq.; IV,10 sq.(Page 705),9,1
  12312. 396362,en,15,sarajjayati,sārajjāyati,Sārajjāyati,Sārajjāyati,[denom.of sārajja] to be embarrassed,perplexed,ashamed S.III,92; A.IV,359.(Page 705),11,1
  12313. 396368,en,15,sarajjitatta,sārajjitatta,Sārajjitatta,Sārajjitatta,(nt.) [=sārajjanā] infatuation,the state of being infatuated Dhs.389.(Page 705),12,1
  12314. 396376,en,15,saraka,saraka,Saraka,Saraka,a vessel,a drinking vessel J.I,157,266; IV,384; DA.I,134,136; Mhvs 32,32; DhA.II,85; III,7.(Page 697),6,1
  12315. 396379,en,15,saraka,sāraka,Sāraka,Sāraka,<sup>3</sup> in the comp.kaṭa-sāraka a mat J.IV,248 (v.l.); IV,474; V,97 (cp.osāraka).(Page 705),6,1
  12316. 396380,en,15,saraka,sāraka,Sāraka,Sāraka,<sup>2</sup> [fr.sarati<sup>1</sup>] a messenger.(Page 705),6,1
  12317. 396381,en,15,saraka,sāraka,Sāraka,Sāraka,<sup>1</sup> (-°) (adj.) [fr.sāra] having as most essential Miln.133; a-sāraka rotten (said of wood) J.II,163.(Page 705),6,1
  12318. 396395,en,15,sarakkha,sārakkhā,Sārakkhā,Sārakkhā,(f.) [fr.sa<sup>3</sup>+rakkha] “standing under protection” (?),a category of married women Vin.III,139 (cp.M.I,287).(Page 705),8,1
  12319. 396398,en,15,sarakkhati,sārakkhati,Sārakkhati,Sārakkhati,<i>=saṁrakkhati</i> Th.1,729.(Page 705),10,1
  12320. 396406,en,15,sarala,sarala,Sarala,Sarala,the tree Pinus longifolia J.V,420 (thus read with B instead of salaḷa [?]).(Page 698),6,1
  12321. 396426,en,15,sarambha,sārambha,Sārambha,Sārambha,<sup>2</sup> [sa+ārambha] involving killing or danger to living creatures Vin.III,149; A.II,42 sq.Cp.samārambha.(Page 706),8,1
  12322. 396427,en,15,sarambha,sārambha,Sārambha,Sārambha,<sup>1</sup> [=saṁrambha] 1.impetuosity,anger A.I,100,299; II,193; M.I,16; Dh.133; J.IV,26; Miln.289 (sasaṁrambha).-- 2.quarrel Sn.483; J.II,223; V,141.‹-› 3.pride Th.1,759; VvA.139.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> angry or haughty talk,imperiousness Dh.133; M.I,16; DhA.III,57.(Page 706),8,1
  12323. 396439,en,15,sarambhin,sārambhin,Sārambhin,Sārambhin,(adj.) [fr.sārambha] impetuous J.III,259.(Page 706),9,1
  12324. 396445,en,15,sarameya,sārameya,Sārameya,Sārameya,[Vedic sārameya] a dog (lit.“son of Saramā”) Mhbv 111.(Page 706),8,1
  12325. 396455,en,15,saramsa,saraṁsā,Saraṁsā,Saraṁsā,(f.) [fr.sa<sup>3</sup>+raṁsi] the sun (lit.having rays) Mhvs 18,68.(Page 697),7,1
  12326. 396464,en,15,sarana,saraṇa,Saraṇa,Saraṇa,<sup>3</sup> [fr.<em>smṛ</em><i>;</i> i.e.sarati<sup>2</sup>] (nt.) remembrance; <i>--tā</i> (f.) remembering Dhs.14,23; Pug.21,25.(Page 697),6,1
  12327. 396465,en,15,sarana,saraṇa,Saraṇa,Saraṇa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [sa+raṇa] concomitant with war Dhs.1294; DhsA.50.(Page 697),6,1
  12328. 396466,en,15,sarana,saraṇa,Saraṇa,Saraṇa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Vedic śaraṇa protection,shelter,house,śarman id.; śālā hall; to Idj.<i>*kel</i> to hide,as in Lat.celo,Gr.kalu/ptw to conceal,Oir.celim,Ohg.Ags.helan,Goth.huljan to envelop; Ohg.hella=E.hell; also E.hall,and others] shelter,house Sn.591; refuge,protection D.III,187; Sn.503; J.II,28; DA.I,229; especially the three refuges-the Buddha,the Dhamma,and the Brotherhood-A.I,56; D.I,145; J.I,28; usually combined with verbs like <i>upeti</i> Vv 53<sup>2</sup>; Sn.31; <i>gacchati</i> D.I,116; A.III,242; Vin.I,4; Dh.190; Sn.p.15,25; It.63; or <i>yāti</i> Sn.179; Dh.188; asaraṇa,asaraṇībhūta without help and refuge Miln.148.See <i>leṇa</i> 2.<br><br> <i>--āgamana</i>=°gamana D.I,146; SnA 42,157.<i>--gamana</i> (nt.) taking refuge in the three Saraṇas Vin.III,24; S.IV,270.(Page 697),6,1
  12329. 396479,en,15,sarana,sāraṇā,Sāraṇā,Sāraṇā,(f.) [fr.sāreti<sup>2</sup>] reminding,remonstrating with Vin.V,158,164.(Page 705),6,1
  12330. 396482,en,15,sarana,sārana,Sārana,Sārana,[fr.sarati<sup>1</sup>] going DhsA.133.(Page 706),6,1
  12331. 396514,en,15,saraniya,saraṇīya,Saraṇīya,Saraṇīya,(nt.) [grd.formation fr.saraṇa<sup>2</sup>] something to be remembered A.I,106.(Page 697),8,1
  12332. 396521,en,15,saraniya,sārāṇīya,Sārāṇīya,Sārāṇīya,(adj.) [the question of derivation is still unsettled.According to Trenckner (Notes 75) fr.<i>saraṇa</i> (i.e.saraṇa<sup>1</sup> or sarana<sup>2</sup>?) with double vṛddhi.Kern (Toev.II.74) considers the (B) Sk.<i>saṁrañjanīya</i> as the original and derives it fr.saṁ+<i>raj</i> to rejoice,to gladden:see rañjati.The BSk.is divided:MVastu III,47,60,206 etc.has <i>sārāyaṇiya</i>,whereas AvŚ I.229 &#38; Divy 404 read <i>saṁrañjanī</i> and <i>saṁrañjanīya</i> (see below).-- The C.at J.IV,99 derives it fr.saraṇa<sup>3</sup> in explaining <i>sārāṇīyā kathā</i> as “sāritabba-yuttakā kathā”] courteous,polite,friendly (making happy,pleasing,gladdening?),only in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>kathā</i>,<i> dhamma</i>,or <i>dhammakathā</i>,e.g.s.<i>kathā</i> polite speech,either in phrase sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sārāṇīyaṁ vītisāreti to exchange greetings of friendliness &#38; courtesy D.I,52; M.I,16 (expl<sup>d</sup> inter alia as “anussariyamānasukhato s.” at MA 110); A.I,55,281; II,42; cp.BSk.sammodanīṁ saṁrañjanīṁ vividhāṁ k.vyatisārya AvŚ I.229.-- sārāṇīyaṁ kathaṁ.katheti DhA.I,107; IV,87; <i>sārāṇīyā dhammā</i> states of conciliation,fraternal living (Dial.III,231) D.III,245; M.I,322; II,250; A.III,288; V,89; DhsA.294; J.V,382; cp.BSk.saṁrañjanīyan dharmaṁ samādāya Divy 404.-- <i>sārāṇīyaṁ dhammakathaṁ suṇāti</i> DhA.IV,168.(Page 706),8,1
  12333. 396539,en,15,sarapana,sarāpana,Sarāpana,Sarāpana,(nt.) [fr.sarāpeti Caus.of sarati<sup>2</sup>] causing somebody to remember Miln.79.(Page 698),8,1
  12334. 396556,en,15,sarasa,sarasa,Sarasa,Sarasa,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+rasa] with its essential properties (see rasa) Nd<sup>1</sup> 43; sarasabhāva a method of exposition DhsA.71.(Page 698),6,1
  12335. 396562,en,15,sarasa,sārasa,Sārasa,Sārasa,[cp.Epic Sk.sārasa] a water bird,Ardea sibirica VvA.57,163; at both pass.=koñca.(Page 706),6,1
  12336. 396583,en,15,sarasi,sarasī,Sarasī,Sarasī,(f.) [Vedic sarasī] a large pond Vin.II,201=S.II,269; J.V,46.(Page 698),6,1
  12337. 396605,en,15,sarathi,sārathi,Sārathi,Sārathi,[fr.sa-ratha; Vedic sārathi] charioteer,coachman D.II,178,254; S.I,33; V,6; A.II,112; IV,190 sq.; Sn.83; J.I,59,180; Pv IV.3<sup>3</sup>.assadammasārathi a coachman by whom horses are driven,a trainer of horses M.I,124; S.IV,176; purisadammasārathi a coachman of the driving animal called man,a man-trainer Vin.I,35; D.I,49; Sn.p.103; It.79.-- In similes:Vism.466; KhA 21.(Page 705),7,1
  12338. 396617,en,15,sarati,sarati,Sarati,Sarati,<sup>3</sup><i> </i>[<em>śṛ</em><i>;</i> Dhtp 248:hiṁsā] to crush:see <i>seyyati</i>.Caus.<i>sāreti</i> Vin.II,116 (madhu-sitthakena,to pound up,or mix with beeswax).Cp.<i>saritaka</i>.(Page 698),6,1
  12339. 396618,en,15,sarati,sarati,Sarati,Sarati,<sup>2</sup><i> </i>[<em>smṛ</em>,cp.smṛti=sati; Dhtp 248 “cintā”; Lat memor,memoria=memory; Gr.mέrimna care,maρtu witness,martyr; Goth.maúrnan=E.mourn to care,etc.] to remember D.II,234; Vin.I,28; II,79; J.II,29.A diæretic form is <i>sumarati</i> Dh.324; ger.<i>sumariya</i> Mhvs 4,65.-- 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>saremhase</i> Th.2,383; med.<i>sare</i> J.VI,227; imper.<i>sara</i> Th.1,445; &#38; <i>sarāhi</i> Miln.79; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>saratu</i> Vin.I,273.-- ppr.<i>saraṁ</i> Mhvs 3,6; &#38; <i>saramāna</i> Vin.I,103.-- aor.<i>sari</i> J.I,330; fut.<i>sarissati</i> J.VI,496.-- ger.<i>saritvā</i> J.I,214.-- pp.<i>sata</i><sup>2</sup><i> </i>&<i> sarita</i><sup>2</sup>.-- Caus.<i>sāreti</i> to remind Vin.II,3 sq.,276; III,221; sārayamāna,reminding J.I,50; ppr.pass.sāriyamāna Vin.III,221; w.Acc.D.II,234; w.Gen.Dh.324; J.VI,496; with foll.fut.II.(in °tā) Vin.II,125,4; III,44,9,etc.-- Caus.II.<i>sarāpeti</i> Vin.III,44; Miln.37 (with double Acc.),79.(Page 697),6,1
  12340. 396619,en,15,sarati,sarati,Sarati,Sarati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>sṛ</em> given by Dhtp 248 as “gati”] to go,flow,run,move along J.III,95 (=parihāyati nassati C.); Pot.<i>sare</i> J.IV,284.-- aor.<i>asarā</i> J.VI,199.-- pp.<i>sarita<sup>1</sup></i>.-- Caus.<i>sāreti</i> (1) to make go A.I,141; III,28=M.I,124=S.IV,176 J.IV,99; Miln.378; Vism.207.-- (2) to rub,to mix Vin.II,116.Also <i>sarāpeti</i>.A Desid.form<sup>n</sup> is <i>siṁsare</i> (3<sup>rd</sup> pl.med.) at Vv 64<sup>7</sup> (=Sk.sisīrṣati),cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 184.(Page 697),6,1
  12341. 396632,en,15,saratta,sāratta,Sāratta,Sāratta,[=saṁratta,pp.of sārajjati] impassioned,enamoured,passionately devoted Vin.III,118; M.II,160,223; S.I,74,77; Dh.345; J.I,288; II,140; Mhvs 10,34 (°mānaso).<i>asāratta</i> unattached Sn.704.(Page 705),7,1
  12342. 396656,en,15,sarava,sarāva,Sarāva,Sarāva,[Sk.śarāva] a cup,saucer A.I,161; J.I,8; M.III,235 for patta); Miln.282; DA.I,298; PvA.244,251.(Page 698),6,1
  12343. 396661,en,15,saravaka,sarāvaka,Sarāvaka,Sarāvaka,=sarāva Vin.I,203; II,142,153,222.(Page 698),8,1
  12344. 396667,en,15,saravant,saravant,Saravant,Saravant,(adj.) [sara<sup>5</sup>+vant] 1.having or making a sound,well-sounding Vin.I,182; A.III,375.-- 2.with a noise Mhvs 25,38.(Page 698),8,1
  12345. 396669,en,15,saravant,sāravant,Sāravant,Sāravant,(adj.) [fr.sāra] valuable,having kernel or pith (said of grain or trees) A.IV,170 (syNom.daḷha,opp.palāpa); S.V,163; M.I,111=233.(Page 706),8,1
  12346. 396694,en,15,sareti,sāreti,Sāreti,Sāreti,is Caus.of <i>sarati<sup>1</sup></i> as well as <i>sarati<sup>2</sup></i>.Cp.<i>vīti°</i>.(Page 706),6,1
  12347. 396704,en,15,sari,sari,Sari,Sari,according to Payogasiddhi=sarisa (sadisa) cp.sarīvaṇṇa J.II,439 (=samāna-vaṇṇa,C.).(Page 698),4,1
  12348. 396707,en,15,sari,sāri,Sāri,Sāri,[cp.*Sk.śāri] chessman DA.I,85.(Page 706),4,1
  12349. 396722,en,15,sarikkha,sarikkha,Sarikkha,Sarikkha,(adj.) [cp.Sk.sadṛkṣa,fr.sadṛś=P.sadisa] like,resembling S.I,66; J.I,443; III,262.(Page 698),8,1
  12350. 396725,en,15,sarikkhaka,sarikkhaka,Sarikkhaka,Sarikkhaka,(adj.) [=sarikkha] in accordance with,like J.IV,215; PvA.206,284.See also kamma°.(Page 698),10,1
  12351. 396728,en,15,sarikkhata,sarikkhatā,Sarikkhatā,Sarikkhatā,(f.) [fr.sarikkha] resemblance,likeness J.III,241 (taṁ° being like that); VvA.6 (cp.kamma°).(Page 698),10,1
  12352. 396730,en,15,sarikkhatta,sarikkhatta,Sarikkhatta,Sarikkhatta,(nt.) [fr.sarikkha] likeness DhsA.63; as <i>sarikkhakatta</i> (kamma°) at DhsA.347.(Page 698),11,1
  12353. 396736,en,15,sarin,sārin,Sārin,Sārin,(adj.) [fr.sāreti] wandering,going after,following,conforming to (Loc.) J.V,15; aniketasārin wandering about houseless Sn.844,970; anokasārin wandering homeless Dh.404; Sn.628; diṭṭhisārin a partisan of certain views Sn.911; vaggasārin conforming to a party,a partisan Sn.371,800,912.(Page 706),5,1
  12354. 396754,en,15,sarira,sarīra,Sarīra,Sarīra,(nt.) [Vedic śarīra] 1.the (physical) body D.I,157; M.I,157; S.IV,286; A.I,50; II,41; III,57 sq.,323 sq.; IV,190.Sn.478,584; Dh.151; Nd<sup>1</sup> 181; J.I,394 (six blemishes); II,31; antimasarīra one who wears his last body,an Anāgāmin Sn.624; S.I,210; Dh.400.-- 2.a dead body,a corpse D.II,141,164; M.III,91.-- 3.the bones D.II,164.-- 4.relics Vv 63,32; VvA.269.<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhaka</i> the bony framework of the body DhsA.338.<i>--ābhā</i> radiation of light proceeding from the body,lustre SnA 16 (°ṁ muñcati to send forth),41 (id.),140 (id.).<i>--kicca</i> (1) funeral ceremonies,obsequies J.I,180; II,5; VvA.76,257; PvA.74,76,162.-- (2) “bodily function,” satisfying the body’s wants J.II,77; IV,37.<i>--davya</i> (=dabba<sup>1</sup>) fitness of body,good body,beauty J.II,137.<i>--dhātu</i> a body relic (of the Buddha) Mhvs 13,167; VvA.165,269.<i>--pabhā</i> lustre of the body DhA.I,106.<i>--parikamma</i> attending the body SnA 52.<i>--maṁsa</i> the flesh of the body J.III,53.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> the (outward) appearance of the body Vism.193.<i>--valañja</i> discharge from the body,fæces DhA.II,55; IV,46 (°ṭhāna).See valañja.<i>--saṅghāta</i> perfection of body Vism.194.<i>--saṇṭhāna</i> constitution of the body,bodily form Vism.193.(Page 698),6,1
  12355. 396822,en,15,sariravant,sarīravant,Sarīravant,Sarīravant,(adj.) [sarīra+vant] having a body S.II,279.(Page 698),10,1
  12356. 396832,en,15,saririka,sārīrika,Sārīrika,Sārīrika,(adj.) [fr.sarīra] connected with the body,bodily M.I,10; A.I,168 sq.; II,153; (nt.) bodily relics Miln.341; °ṁ cetiyaṁ one of the 3 kinds:paribhogika,s.,uddesika J.IV,228.(Page 706),8,1
  12357. 396839,en,15,sarisa,sarisa,Sarisa,Sarisa,(adj.) [=sadisa] like,resembling J.V,159.(Page 698),6,1
  12358. 396844,en,15,sarisapa,sarisapa,Sarisapa,Sarisapa,various reading of siriṁsapa M.I,10 etc.(Page 698),8,1
  12359. 396851,en,15,sarita,sarita,Sarita,Sarita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of sarati<sup>2</sup>] remembered Vin.II,85.(Page 698),6,1
  12360. 396852,en,15,sarita,sarita,Sarita,Sarita,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of sarati<sup>1</sup>] gone,set into motion Dh.341 (=anusaṭa,payāta DhA.IV,49).(Page 698),6,1
  12361. 396859,en,15,sarita,saritā,Saritā,Saritā,(f.) [cp.Vedic sarit,fr.sarati<sup>1</sup>] a river Dhs.1059; <i>saritaṁ</i> Acc.Sn.3; Gen.pl.J.II,442; Nom.pl.<i>saritā</i> Miln.125.(Page 698),6,1
  12362. 396877,en,15,saritaka,saritaka,Saritaka,Saritaka,(nt.) powdered stone (pāsāna-cuṇṇa) Vin.II,116; saritasipāṭika powder mixed with gum Vin.II,116.(Page 698),8,1
  12363. 396884,en,15,saritar,saritar,Saritar,Saritar,[n.ag.fr.sarati<sup>2</sup>] one who remembers D.III,268,286; A.II,35; S.V,197,225.(Page 698),7,1
  12364. 396897,en,15,sarivanna,sarīvaṇṇa,Sarīvaṇṇa,Sarīvaṇṇa,resembling J.II,439 (v.l.sarīra°).Cp.sari.(Page 698),9,1
  12365. 396912,en,15,saroja,saroja,Saroja,Saroja,(nt.) [Sk.saroja,saras+ja] “lake-born,” a lotus Dāvs III,13.(Page 698),6,1
  12366. 396915,en,15,sarojayoni,sarojayoni,Sarojayoni,Sarojayoni,[fr.last] a Brahmā,an archangel Dāvs.I,34.(Page 698),10,1
  12367. 396920,en,15,saropin,sāropin,Sāropin,Sāropin,(adj.) [saṁ+ropin,cp.ropeti<sup>1</sup> &#38; rūhati<sup>1</sup>] healing,curative M.II,257 (vaṇa-°).(Page 706),7,1
  12368. 396922,en,15,saroruha,saroruha,Saroruha,Saroruha,(nt.) [saras+ruha] a lotus Dāvs III,83.(Page 698),8,1
  12369. 396933,en,15,sarupa,sarūpa,Sarūpa,Sarūpa,(adj.) [sa<sup>2</sup>+rūpa] 1.of the same form A.I,162; Pug.56.-- 2.[sa<sup>3</sup>+rūpa] having a body A.I,83.(Page 698),6,1
  12370. 396954,en,15,saruppa,sāruppa,Sāruppa,Sāruppa,(nt.) [abstr.fr.sarūpa,BSk.sārūpya &#38; sāropya] equal state; as adj.fit,suitable,proper Vin.I,39,287; D.II,277; S.IV,21 sq.; J.I,65,362; DhsA.294; Sn.368; p.79,97,104; J.IV,404.(a°) (nt.) Vism.24; PvA.269.paribbājaka-s°,as befits a Wanderer J.V,228.(Page 706),7,1
  12371. 396970,en,15,sasa,sasa,Sasa,Sasa,[Vedic śaśa,with Ohg.haso=E.hare to Lat.canus grey,greyish-brown; cp.Ags.hasu] a hare,rabbit Dh.342; J.IV,85; of the hare in the moon J.IV,84 sq.; sasôlūkā (=sasā ca ulūkā ca) J.VI,564.<br><br> <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> the sign of a hare J.I,172; III,55.<i>--lañjana</i> id.VvA.314 (°vant=sasin,the moon).<i>--visāṇa</i> a hare’s horn (an impossibility) J.III,477.(Page 700),4,1
  12372. 396976,en,15,sasa,sāsa,Sāsa,Sāsa,[Sk.śvāsa,fr.śvas] asthma A.V,110; J.VI,295.(Page 707),4,1
  12373. 396983,en,15,sasaka,sasaka,Sasaka,Sasaka,=sasa J.II,26; IV,85; Cp I.10<sup>1</sup>.(Page 700),6,1
  12374. 396991,en,15,sasakkam,sasakkaṁ,Sasakkaṁ,Sasakkaṁ,[sa+sakkaṁ] as much as one can M.I,415,514 sq. <i>Sasati<sup>1</sup> </i>[<em>śas</em>.cp.Dhtp 301:gati-hiṁsā-pāṇanesu] to slay,slaughter; sassamāna ppr.pass.J.V,24 (C.=hiṁsamāna).inf.sasituṁ J.VI,291 (read <i>sāsituṁ</i> from sāsati?).pp.<i>sattha</i>. <i>Sasati<sup>2</sup> </i>[<em>śvas</em>] to breathe (cp.Dhtp 301:pāṇana):see <i>vissasati</i>.(Page 700),8,1
  12375. 397001,en,15,sasambhama,sasambhama,Sasambhama,Sasambhama,(adj.) [sa+sambhama] with great confusion Mhvs 5,139.(Page 700),10,1
  12376. 397007,en,15,sasambhara,sasambhāra,Sasambhāra,Sasambhāra,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+sambhāra] with the ingredients or constituents Vism.20,352,353.(Page 700),10,1
  12377. 397024,en,15,sasana,sāsana,Sāsana,Sāsana,(nt.) [cp.Vedic śāsana] order,message,teaching J.I,60,328; II,21; Pv IV.3<sup>54</sup> (Buddhānaṁ); KhA 11 sq.; the doctrine of the Buddha Vin.I,12; D.I,110; II,206; A.I,294; Dh.381; Sn.482 etc.; J.I,116.sāsanaṁ āroceti to give a message (dūtassa to the messenger) Vin.III,76.<br><br> --antaradhāna the disappearance or decline of the teaching of the Buddha.Said of the doctrine of Kassapa Bhagavā SnA 156 (cp.sāsane parihāyamāne SnA 223),and with ref.to the Pāli Tipiṭaka VbhA.432 sq.,where 3 periods of the development of the Buddhist doctrine are discussed,viz.sāsana-ṭhita-kāla,°osakkana-kāla,°antaradhāna.--kara complying with one’s order and teaching M.I,129; --kāraka the same Sn.445; --kārin the same A.II,26; susāsanaṁ dussānaṁ J.I,239 (English transl.:“true and false doctrine,” “good and bad news”).--hara (+°jotaka) taking up ( &#38; explaining) an order SnA 164.(Page 707),6,1
  12378. 397075,en,15,sasanka,sāsaṅka,Sāsaṅka,Sāsaṅka,(adj.) [fr.sa<sup>3</sup>+āsaṅkā] dangerous,fearful,suspicious S.IV,175 (opp.khema); Th.2,343; ThA.241; Vism.107; J.I,154; PvA.13; Miln.351.(Page 707),7,1
  12379. 397101,en,15,sasapa,sāsapa,Sāsapa,Sāsapa,[cp.Sk.sarṣapa] a mustard seed S.II,137; V,464; A.V,170; J.VI,174 (comp.with mt.Meru); Sn.625,631,p.122; Dh.401; DA.I,93; DhA.I,107; II,51; IV,166; Vism.306 (ār’agge),633; PvA.198 (°tela).--°kuṭṭa mustard powder Vin.I,205; II,151.(Page 707),6,1
  12380. 397121,en,15,sasati,sāsati,Sāsati,Sāsati,[śās,Dhtp 300=anusiṭṭhi] to instruct,teach,command; tell J.VI,472 (dūtāni,=pesesi C.); inf.săsituṁ J.VI,291 (=anusāsituṁ C.).(Page 707),6,1
  12381. 397130,en,15,sasattha,sasattha,Sasattha,Sasattha,[sa<sup>3</sup>+sattha] with swords J.IV,222; DhsA.62.(Page 700),8,1
  12382. 397137,en,15,sasava,sāsava,Sāsava,Sāsava,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>=āsava] connected with the āsavas D.III,112; A.I,81; Dhs.990,1103; Nett 80.(Page 707),6,1
  12383. 397151,en,15,sasenaka,sasenaka,Sasenaka,Sasenaka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+sena+ka] accompanied by an army Mhvs 19,27.(Page 700),8,1
  12384. 397168,en,15,sasin,sasin,Sasin,Sasin,[Sk.śaśin,fr.śaśa] the moon Dāvs.IV,29; J.III,141; V,33; Vv 81<sup>1</sup> (=canda VvA.314),82<sup>3</sup>.(Page 700),5,1
  12385. 397172,en,15,sasisa,sasīsa,Sasīsa,Sasīsa,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+sīsa] together with the head; sasīsaṁ up to the head D.I,76,246; J.I,298; sasīsaka head and all D.II,324; Sn,p.80.(Page 700),6,1
  12386. 397194,en,15,sassa,sassa,Sassa,Sassa,(nt.) [cp.Vedic sasya] corn,crop M.I,116; J.I,86,143,152; II,135; Miln.2; DhA.I,97; SnA 48; sassasamaya crop time J.I,143; susassa abounding in corn Vin.I,238; pl.m.sassā J.I,340.<i>°-kamma</i> agriculture J.VI,101; <i>°-kāla</i> harvest time Vin.IV,264; <i>°-ṭṭhāna= °-khetta</i> J.VI,297; dussassa (having) bad crops Vin.I,238; A.I,160; KhA 218 (=dubbhikkhā).<br><br> <i>--uddharaṇa</i> lifting the corn Miln.307.<i>--ghāta</i> destroying property S.II,218 sq.(Page 700),5,1
  12387. 397216,en,15,sassamanabrahmana,sassamāṇabrāhmaṇa,Sassamāṇabrāhmaṇa,Sassamāṇabrāhmaṇa,(fem.--ī) together,with samaṇas and brahmins Vin.I,11; D.I,62; III,76,135; S.V,423; Sn.p.100; DA.I,174.(Page 700),17,1
  12388. 397225,en,15,sassamika,sassāmika,Sassāmika,Sassāmika,(adj.) [sa+sāmin+ka] 1.having a master,belonging to somebody D.II,176.-- 2.having a husband,married J.I,177,397; IV,190.(Page 700),9,1
  12389. 397231,en,15,sassara,sassara,Sassara,Sassara,imitative of the sound sarasara; chinnasassara giving out a broken or irregular sound of sarasara M.I,128; see J.P.T.S.,1889,p.209.(Page 700),7,1
  12390. 397241,en,15,sassata,sassata,Sassata,Sassata,(adj.) [Vedic śaśvat] eternal,perpetual D.I,13; III,31 sq.,137 sq.; M.I,8,426; A.I,41; Dh.255; Dhs.1099; J.I,468; Miln.413; DA.I,112; dhuvasassata sure and certain Bu II.111 sq.=J.I,19; sassatiyā for ever,Sn.1075; a-sassata J.V,176; VI,315; sassatāyaṁ adv.(Dat.) for ever (?) J.I,468; V,172; Fausböll takes it=sassatā ayam (following the C.),and writes sassat’āyaṁ.<br><br> <i>--diṭṭhi</i> eternalism,the doctrine that soul and world are eternal Dhs.1315; S.II,20; III,98; Nett 40,127.<i>--mūla</i> eternalist Dpvs 6,25.<i>--vāda</i> an eternalist,eternalism D.I,13; III,108; S.II,20; III,99,182; IV,400; Pug.38; DA.I,104 sq.; Ps.I,155; VbhA.509.<i>--vādin</i> eternalist Nett 111; Mhbv 110.(Page 700),7,1
  12391. 397264,en,15,sassatika,sassatika,Sassatika,Sassatika,[fr.sassata] eternalist D.I,17; Mhbv 110 (ekacca° partial eternalist); Vin.III,312; <i>°-ika</i> J.V,18,19.(Page 700),9,1
  12392. 397268,en,15,sassatisamam,sassatisamaṁ,Sassatisamaṁ,Sassatisamaṁ,(adv.) [cp.Sk.śaśvatīḥ samāḥ] for ever and ever D.I,14; M.I,8; S.III,143; also sassatī samā J.III,255; Vv 63<sup>14</sup> (explained by sassatīhi samāna,like the eternal things-viz.,earth,sun,moon,etc.,VvA.265); J.III,256; DA.I,105.(Page 700),12,1
  12393. 397277,en,15,sassirika,sassirīka,Sassirīka,Sassirīka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+sirī+ka] glorious,resplendent J.I,95; II,1; IV,189; VI,270.(Page 700),9,1
  12394. 397287,en,15,sassu,sassū,Sassū,Sassū,and Sassu (f.) [Vedic śvaśrū:see sasura] mother-inlaw Vin.III,137; A.II,78; Th.2,407; Sn.125; J.I,337; III,425 sq.; V,286 (Gen.sassuyā); DhA.I,307; VvA.110,121; PvA.89.sassu-sasure,see sasura; sassudeva worshipping one’s mother-in-law as a god S.I,86; J.IV,322.(Page 700),5,1
  12395. 397301,en,15,sasura,sasura,Sasura,Sasura,[Vedic śvaśura,f.śvaśrū (see P.sassū),Idg.*sǔekuros,*sǔekrū; cp.Gr.e(kurόs &#38; e(kurά; Lat.socer &#38; socrus; Goth.swaihra &#38; swaíhrō,Ags.swēor &#38; sweger; Ohg.swehur &#38; swigar] father-in-law Vin.III,137; M.I,168; A.II,78; VvA.69,121; Th.2,407 (sassura); J.I,337; sassu-sasurā mother- and father-in-law J.II,347; III,182; IV,38; VI,510; the form sassura Th.2,407 has probably arisen through analogy with sassu.-- f.sasurī VvA.69.(Page 700),6,1
  12396. 397312,en,15,sata,saṭa,Saṭa,Saṭa,[most likely=Sk.śada (fall),fr.<em>śad</em> to fall; Kern Toev.s.v.equals it to Sk.sūta (or sṛta) of <em>sṛ</em> (or <em>su</em>) to run (to impel),as in ussaṭa and visaṭa.The Dhtm (789) gives a root <em>saṭ</em> in meaning of “visaraṇa,” i.e.profusion,diffusion (cp.visaṭa)] a fall,a heap of things fallen; only in cpd.<i>paṇṇa°</i> a heap of fallen leaves M.I,21 (=paṇṇa-kacavara MA.I,120); J.II,271.(Page 671),4,1
  12397. 397322,en,15,sata,sata,Sata,Sata,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of sarati,of <em>smṛ</em>,cp.BSk.smṛta AvŚ I.228; II,197] remembering,mindful,conscious D.I,37; II,94; III,49,107,222,269; M.I,520 (su-ssata &#38; dus-sata); S.IV,211; A.III,169 (+sampajāna),325; IV,311; Sn.741; Dhs.163; DA.I,211.-- <i>satokārin</i> cultivator of sati Ps.I,175.(Page 672),4,1
  12398. 397323,en,15,sata,sata,Sata,Sata,<sup>1</sup> (num.card.) [Vedic śataṁ; cp.Av.sat∂m,Gr.e(-katόn,Lat.centum; Goth.hund=hundred; Idg.*kmtóm fr.dkm̊tóm (=decem),thus ultimately the same as <i>daśa</i>,i.e.decad (of tens)] a hundred,used as nt.(collect.),either --° or as apposition,viz.gāma-sataṁ a hundred (ship of) villages DhA.I,180; jaṭila-satāni 100 ascetics Vin.I,24; jāti° D.I,13; or gāthā sataṁ 100 stanzas Dh.102.-Often in sense of “many” or “innumerable,” e.g.°kaku,°raṁsi,etc.; cp.°satāni bahūni J.IV,310,311.<br><br> <i>--kaku</i> having a hundred corners,epithet of a cloud A.III,34=S.I,100 (v.l.sattakatu) see J.P.T.S.1891--93 p.5.<i>--patta</i> the Indian crane (or woodpecker?) J.II,153; 388; Miln.404.<i>--padī</i> a centipede A.II,73; III,101,306; IV,320; V,290; Vin.II,110,148; Miln.272.<i>--pala</i> (Th.1,97) see pala.<i>--pāka</i> (-tela) oil mixture,worth 100 pieces J.IV,281; DhA.II,48; III,311; see also pāka.<i>--puñña</i> 100,i.e.innumerable merits Vism.211.<i>--pupphā</i> Anethum sowa,a sort of dill or fennel J.VI,537.<i>--porisa</i> of the height of a hundred men,extremely high,attribute of a hell Vv 52,12 sq.; name of a hell J.V,269.<i>--mūlī</i> Asparagus racemosus Abhp 585.<i>--raṁsi</i> “having 100 rays,” the sun Sdhp.590; J.I,44.<i>--rasabhojana</i> food of 100 flavours DhA.III,96 (v.l.all pass,satta°) <i>--vaṅka</i> a kind of fish Abhp 672.<i>--vallikā</i> an under-garment,arranged like a row of jewelry Vin.II,137.<i>--sahassa</i> one hundred thousand J.II,20; Miln.88; 136; DhA.II,86.<i>--sahassima</i> id.S.II,133.(Page 672),4,1
  12399. 397334,en,15,sata,sāṭa,Sāṭa,Sāṭa,[cp.Sk.śāṭa] a garment,cloth Th.2,245; sāṭi (f.) the same S.I,115; Dh.394; J.I,230 (udaka° bathing mantle),481.(Page 702),4,1
  12400. 397342,en,15,sata,sāta,Sāta,Sāta,(adj.) [cp.*Sk.śāta] pleasant,agreeable It.114; Nett 27.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with piya,e.g.It.114; Vbh.103; DA.I,311.-- Opp.<i>kaṭuka</i>.-- sāta (nt.) pleasure,joy M.I,508; A.I,81 sq.; S.II,220; J.I,410; Dh.341 (°sita= sāta-nissita DhA.IV,49); Sn.867 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 30 (three,of bhava); Pv.II,11<sup>3</sup>; IV,5<sup>4</sup> (+sukha); Dhs.3.<i>asāta</i> disagreeable,unpleasant Dhs.1343; J.I,410; J.I,288; II,105; Sn.867 sq.; sātabhakkha Pug.55,read haṭabhakkha. <i>--odaka</i> with pleasant water D.II,129; M.I,76; Vin.III,108.<i>--kumbha</i> gold VvA.13.See also v.l.under <i>hāṭaka</i>.<i> --putta</i> a noble son J.VI,238 (=amacca-putta C.).(Page 702),4,1
  12401. 397358,en,15,satacca,sātacca,Sātacca,Sātacca,(nt.) [fr.satata] perseverance M.I,101; S.II,132; A.III,249 sq.; IV,460 sq.; V,17 sq.; Th.1,585; Vism.4; VbhA.346.<i>°-kārin</i> persevering S.III,268,271,277 sq.; Dh.293; <i>°-kiriyatā</i> persevering performance Dhs.1367.(Page 703),7,1
  12402. 397372,en,15,satadha,satadhā,Satadhā,Satadhā,(adv.) [sata+dhā,cp.ekadhā,dvidhā etc.] in 100 ways,into 100 pieces D.II,341.(Page 672),7,1
  12403. 397386,en,15,sataka,sataka,Sataka,Sataka,(nt.) [cp.BSk.śataka] a hundred,collection of 100 J.I,74.(Page 672),6,1
  12404. 397392,en,15,sataka,sāṭaka,Sāṭaka,Sāṭaka,[sāṭa+ka] an outer garment,cloak; cloth ThA.246; J.I,89,138,195,373,426; Vism.54 (sāṇa°),275 (alla°); DhA.I,393 (thūla°).Cp.antara°,alaṁ°.<br><br> <i>--lakkhaṇa</i> prognostication drawn from pieces of cloth J.I,371.(Page 702),6,1
  12405. 397395,en,15,sataka,sātaka,Sātaka,Sātaka,name of a kind of bird J.VI,539 (koṭṭhapokkhara-°,cp.540); SnA 359 (id.).(Page 703),6,1
  12406. 397410,en,15,satakkhattum,satakkhattuṁ,Satakkhattuṁ,Satakkhattuṁ,(adv.) [cp.dvi-kkhattuṁ,ti-kkhattuṁ etc.] a hundred times.(Page 672),12,1
  12407. 397512,en,15,satata,satata,Satata,Satata,(adj.) [with satrā “completely” &#38; sadā “always” to sa° “one”:see saṁ°; lit.“in one (continuous) stretch”] continual,chronic.Only in nt.<i>satataṁ</i> (adv.) continually A.IV,14; It.116; Sn.507; Miln.70; Pv.II,8<sup>11</sup> (=nirantaraṁ PvA.110); III,7<sup>10</sup> (=sabbakālaṁ PvA.207); PvA.177; and as °- in <i>°vihāra</i> a chronic state of life,i.e.a behaviour remaining even &#38; the same A.II,198=D.III,250,281.Cp.<i>sātacca</i>.(Page 672),6,1
  12408. 397516,en,15,satata,sātatā,Sātatā,Sātatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.sāta] happiness S.I,17.(Page 703),6,1
  12409. 397524,en,15,satatam,sātataṁ,Sātataṁ,Sātataṁ,(adv.) [fr.satata] continually S.I,17=57.(Page 703),7,1
  12410. 397535,en,15,satatika,sātatika,Sātatika,Sātatika,(adj.) [fr.last] persevering Dh.23; S.II,232; It.74; DhA.I,230.(Page 703),8,1
  12411. 397540,en,15,satatta,sātatta,Sātatta,Sātatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.sāta] tastiness,sweetness A.I,32.(Page 703),7,1
  12412. 397545,en,15,satava,sātava,Sātava,Sātava,(nt.) sweet result (of good words) kalyāṇakamma,Com.) J.VI,235,237.Is it misspelling for sādhava (fr.sādhu)? (Page 703),6,1
  12413. 397565,en,15,satekiccha,satekiccha,Satekiccha,Satekiccha,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+tekiccha] curable,pardonable Miln.192,221; Vism.425.See <i>tekiccha</i>.(Page 673),10,1
  12414. 397570,en,15,saterata,sateratā,Sateratā,Sateratā,(f.) [cp.Sk.śatahradā,śata+hrada] lightning J.V,14,203.Also as <i>sateritā</i> Vv 33<sup>3</sup>; 64<sup>4</sup>; VvA.161 (=vijjulatā),277.As <i>saderitā</i> at Th.1,260.(Page 673),8,1
  12415. 397577,en,15,satetar,sāṭetar,Sāṭetar,Sāṭetar,[n.ag.fr.sāṭeti] one who dispels,drives away M.I,220; A.V,347 sq.,351,359.(Page 702),7,1
  12416. 397579,en,15,sateti,sāṭeti,Sāṭeti,Sāṭeti,[<i>śat</i> to cut,destroy] to cut open,to destroy; fig.to torment:Kern’s proposed reading (see Toev.s.v.sāveti) for <i>sāveti</i> at J.III,198 (amba-pakkāni); IV,402 (attānaṁ sāṭetvā dāsakammaṁ karissāni); VI,486 (kāyaṁ s.).He compares MVastu III,385:śāṭeti gātrāni.Cp.<i>visāṭita </i>&<i> visāta</i>.(Page 702),6,1
  12417. 397585,en,15,satha,saṭha,Saṭha,Saṭha,(adj.) [cp.Sk.śaṭha] crafty,treacherous,fraudulent D.II,258; III,246; M.I,32,153; S.IV,299; A.II,41; III,35; V,157; Dh.252; Vin.II,89; Nd<sup>1</sup> 395; Miln.250; Dāvs II.88; DhA.III,375; Dhtp 100 (=keṭave).-- f.<i>saṭhī</i> Pv.II,3<sup>4</sup>.See also <i>kerāṭika</i>,<i> samaya°</i>,<i> sāṭheyya</i>.(Page 671),5,1
  12418. 397597,en,15,sathalika,sāthalika,Sāthalika,Sāthalika,(adj.) [<em>śrath</em>,cp.saṭhila &#38; sithila] lethargic,lax M.I,14,200 sq.; III,6; A.I,71; II,148; III,108,179 sq.(Page 703),9,1
  12419. 397600,en,15,sathata,saṭhatā,Saṭhatā,Saṭhatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.saṭha] craft,wickedness Pug.19.(Page 671),7,1
  12420. 397608,en,15,sathera,sathera,Sathera,Sathera,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+thera] including the Theras A.II,169 (Page 674),7,1
  12421. 397610,en,15,sathesana,saṭhesana,Saṭhesana,Saṭhesana,see <i>saṭṭha</i>.(Page 671),9,1
  12422. 397616,en,15,satheyya,sāṭheyya,Sāṭheyya,Sāṭheyya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.saṭha=*śāṭhya] craft,treachery M.I,15,36,281,340; A.I,95,100; Nd<sup>1</sup> 395; Pug.19,23; Miln.289.Cp paṭi°.(Page 702),8,1
  12423. 397625,en,15,sathila,saṭhila,Saṭhila,Saṭhila,(adj.) [Sk.śithila,which also appears as sithila,e.g.Th.1,277] loose,inattentive Dh.312.(Page 671),7,1
  12424. 397644,en,15,sati,sati,Sati,Sati,(f.) [Vedic smṛti:see etym.under sarati<sup>2</sup>] memory,recognition,consciousness,D.I,180; II,292; Miln.77--80; intentness of mind,wakefulness of mind,mindfulness,alertness,lucidity of mind,self-possession,conscience,self-consciousness D.I,19; III,31,49,213,230,270 sq.; A.I,95; Dhs.14; Nd<sup>1</sup> 7; Tikp 61; VbhA.91; DhsA.121; Miln.37; <i>upaṭṭhitā sati</i> presence of mind D.III,252,282,287; S.II,231; A.II,6,218; III,199; IV,232; It.120; <i>parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhāpetuṁ</i> to surround oneself with watchfulness of mind M.III,89; Vin.I,24,<i>satiṁ paccupaṭṭhāpetuṁ</i> to preserve self-possession J.I,112; IV,215; <i>kāyagatā sati</i> intentness of mind on the body,realization of the impermanency of all things M.III,89; A.I,43; S.I,188; Miln.248; 336; <i>muṭṭhasati</i> forgetful,careless D.III,252,282; <i>maraṇasati</i> mindfulness as to death A.IV,317 sq.; J.IV,216; SnA 54; PvA.61,66.<i>asati</i> not thinking of,forgetfulness DhsA.241; Instr.<i>asatiyā</i> through forgetfulness,without thinking of it,not intentionally Vin.II,289<sup>2</sup>.<i>sati</i> (sammā°) is one of the constituents of the 8--fold Ariyan Path (e g.A.III,141 sq.; VbhA.120):see <i>magga</i> 2.<br><br> <i>--âdhipateyya</i> (sat°) dominant mindfulness A.II,243 sq.; It.40.<i>--indriya</i> the sense,faculty,of mindfulness A.II,149; Dhs.14.<i>--uppāda</i> arising,production of recollection J.I,98; A.II,185; M.I,124.<i>--ullapakāyika</i>,a class of devas S.I,16 sq.<i>--paṭṭhāna</i> [BSk.smṛty’upasthāna Divy 126,182,208] intent contemplation and mindfulness,earnest thought,application of mindfulness; there are four satipaṭṭhānas,referring to the body,the sensations,the mind,and phenomena respectively,D.II,83,290 sq.; III,101 sq.,127,221; M.I,56,339; II,11 etc.; A.II,218; III,12; IV,125 sq.,457 sq.; V,175; S.III,96,153; V,9,166; Dhs.358; Kvu 155 (cp.Kvu.trsl<sup>n</sup> 104 sq.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 14,45,325,340; Vism.3; VbhA.57,214 sq.,417.-- See on term e.g.Cpd.179; and in greater detail Dial.II.322 sq.<i>--vinaya</i> disciplinary proceeding under appeal to the accused monk’s own conscience Vin.I,325; II,79 etc.; M.II,247; A.I,99.<i>--vepullappatta</i> having attained a clear conscience Vin.II,79.<i>--saṁvara</i> restraint in mindfulness Vism.7; DhsA.351; SnA 8.<i>--sampajañña</i> mindfulness and self-possession D.I,70; A.II,210; DA.I,183 sq.<i>--sambojjhaṅga</i> (e.g.S.V,90) see (sam)bojjhaṅga.<i>--sammosa</i> loss of mindfulness or memory,lack of concentration or attention D.I,19; Vin.II,114; DA.I,113; Pug.32; Vism.63; Miln.266.(Page 672),4,1
  12425. 397653,en,15,sati,satī,Satī,Satī,(f.) [fr.sant,ppr.of <em>as</em>] 1.being J.III,251.-- 2.a good or chaste woman Abhp 237; <i>asatī</i> an unchaste woman Miln.122=J.III,350; J.V,418; VI,310.(Page 672),4,1
  12426. 397671,en,15,satika,satika,Satika,Satika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.sata<sup>1</sup>] consisting of a hundred,belonging to a hundred; yojanasatika extending one hundred yojanas Vin.II,238; vīsaṁvassasatika of hundred and twenty years’standing Vin.II,303.(Page 672),6,1
  12427. 397675,en,15,satika,sāṭikā,Sāṭikā,Sāṭikā,(f.)=<i>sāṭaka</i> Vin.I,292 sq.; II,31; 272,279 (udaka° bathing mantle) J.I,330; Vism.339 (in simile); Miln.240 (cp.M.III,253).<i>sāṭiya</i> the same Vin.II,177 (°gāhāpaka receiver of undergarments).(Page 702),6,1
  12428. 397683,en,15,satima,satima,Satima,Satima,(adj.) [superl.form<sup>n</sup> fr.sata<sup>1</sup>] the hundredth S.II,133; J.I,167 (pañca°).(Page 672),6,1
  12429. 397692,en,15,satimant,satimant,Satimant,Satimant,(adj.) [fr.sati] mindful,thoughtful,contemplative,pensive; Nom.sg.<i>satimā</i> D.I,37; S.I,126; Sn.174; A.II,35; Dhs.163; DhA.IV,117; Pv IV.3<sup>44</sup>; <i>satīmā</i> (in verse) Sn.45; nt.<i>satīmaṁ</i> Sn.211; Gen.<i>satimato</i> S.I,208; <i>satīmato</i> S.I,81; Dh.24; Nom.pl.<i>satīmanto</i> D.II,120; Dh.91; DhA.II,170; Gen.<i>satīmataṁ</i> Dh.181; It.35; <i>satimantānaṁ</i> A.I,24.-- See also D.III,77,141,221 sq.; A.IV,4,38,300 sq.,457 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 506; Nd<sup>2</sup> 629.(Page 672),8,1
  12430. 397727,en,15,satireka,sātireka,Sātireka,Sātireka,(adj.) [sa+atireka,cp.BSk.sātirikta Divy 27] having something in excess D.II,93.(Page 703),8,1
  12431. 397751,en,15,satisara,sātisāra,Sātisāra,Sātisāra,(adj.) [sa+atisāra] trespassing Vin.I,55.(Page 703),8,1
  12432. 397758,en,15,satita,satitā,Satitā,Satitā,(f.) [abstr.formation fr.sati] mindfulness,memory DhsA.405 (-°).(Page 672),6,1
  12433. 397767,en,15,satiya,sātiya,Sātiya,Sātiya,(adj.) [fr.sāta] pleasant Sn.853.(Page 703),6,1
  12434. 397781,en,15,satra-yaga,sātrā-yāga,Sātrā-yāga,Sātrā-yāga,identical with sammāpāsa (Sn.303) SnA 322 (? conjecture yātrā°).(Page 703),10,1
  12435. 397797,en,15,satta,satta,Satta,Satta,<sup>4</sup> (num.) [cp.Vedic sapta,Gr.e(ptά; Av.hapta; Lat.septem,Goth.sibun=E.seven etc.) number seven.It is a collective and concluding (serial) number; its application has spread from the week of 7 days (or nights),and is based on astronomical conception (Babylon!),this science being regarded as mystic,it invests the number with a peculiar magic nimbus.From time-expressions it was transferred to space,esp.when originally connected with time (like satta-bhūmaka the 7--storied palace; the Vimānas with 700 towers:see vimāna 2 &#38; 6; or the 7 great lakes:see sara<sup>3</sup>; °yojana 7 miles,cp.the 7 league-boots!).Extremely frequent in folklore and fairy tales (cp.7 years of famine in Egypt,7 days’festivals,dragon with 7 heads,7 ravens,7 dwarfs,7 little goats,7 years enchantment,etc.etc.).‹-› For time expressions see in cpds.:°āha,°māsa,°ratta,°vassa.Cp.Sn.446 (vassāni); J.II,91 (kāyā,thick masses); DA.I,25 (of the Buddh.Scriptures:sattahi māsehi saṅgītaṁ); DhA.II,34 (dhanāni),101 (maṅgalā); the collective expression 7 years,7 months,7 days at J.V,48; the 7X70 ñāṇavatthūni S.II,59; and the curious enumeration of heptads at D.I,54.-- Cases:Instr.<i>sattahi</i> D.I,34; Gen.<i>sattannaṁ</i> D.I,56; Loc.<i>sattasu</i> D.II,303=M.I,61.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> a couch with 7 members (i.e.four legs,head support,foot support,side) Vin.II,149.<i>--aṭṭha</i> seven or eight J.II,101.<i>--āgārika</i> a “seven-houser,” one who turns back from his round,as soon as he has received alms at 7 houses D.I,166.<i>--ālopika</i> a “seven-mouthful,” one who does not eat more than 7 bits D.I,166.<i>--āha</i> (nt.) seven days,a week of 7 days [cp.BSk.saptaka Divy 99] D.II,248; Vin.I,1,139; J.I,78; II,85; IV,360; V,472; VI,37; DhA.I,109; VvA.63.satta° 7 weeks DhA.I,86; cp.satta-satta-divasā J.V,443.<i>--ussada</i> (see ussada 2) having 7 prominences or protuberances (on the body),a sign of a Mahāpurisa D.II,18; III,144,151 (i.e.on both hands,on both feet,on both shoulders,on the back).<i>--guṇa</i> sevenfold Mhvs 25,36.<i>--jaṭa</i> with seven plaits (of hair) J.V,91 (of a hunter).<i>--tanti</i> having 7 strings,a lute VvA.139.<i>--tāla</i> (-matta) (as big as) 7 palm trees DhA.II,62,100.<i>--tiṁsa</i> 37 (see bodhipakkhiya-dhammā).<i>--dina</i> a week Mhvs 11,23.<i>--pakaraṇika</i> mastering the 7 books of the Abhidhamma J.I,312; DhA.III,223.<i>--patiṭṭha</i> sevenfold firm D.II,174; Miln.282.<i>--padaṁ</i> for 7 steps J.VI,351 (Kern,Toev.s.v.“unfailing”).<i>--bhūmaka</i> (pāsāda) (a palace) with 7 stories Mhvs 37,11; J.I,58; IV,378; DhA.I,180,239; IV,209.<i>--māsaṁ</i> (for) seven months PvA.20.<i>--yojanika</i> 7 miles in extent J.V,484.<i>--ratana</i> the 7 royal treasures D.I,88; It.15; J.V,484.<i>--ratta</i> a week J.VI,230 (dve°= a fortnight),304; Sn.570.<i>--vassika</i> 7 years old Miln.9.310; DhA.II,87,89 (sāmaṇera),139; PvA.53 (Saṅkicca arahattaṁ patvā); DhA.III,98 (kumāro arahattaṁ patto); J.V,249.On the age of seven as that of child arahants see Mrs.Rh.D.in Brethren introd.xxx.<i>--vīsati</i> twenty seven DhA.I,4.(Page 673),5,1
  12436. 397798,en,15,satta,satta,Satta,Satta,<sup>3</sup> [pp.of sapati to curse; Sk.śapta] cursed,sworn J.III,460; V,445.(Page 673),5,1
  12437. 397799,en,15,satta,satta,Satta,Satta,<sup>2</sup> [cp,Vedic sattva living being,satvan “strong man,warrior,” fr.sant] 1.(m.) a living being,creature,a <i>sentient </i>&<i> rational beiṅg</i>,<i> a person</i> D.I,17,34,53,82; II,68; A.I,35 sq.,55 sq.; S.I,135; V,41; Vin.I,5; Miln.273; Vism.310 (def<sup>n</sup>:“rūp’ādisu khandhesu chandarāgena sattā visattā ti sattā,” thus=satta<sup>1</sup>); Nett 161; DA.I,51,161; VbhA.144.--<i>naraka°</i> a being in purgatory (cp.niraya°) Vism.500.-- 2.(nt.) soul (=jīvita or viññāṇa) Pv.I,81 (gata°=vigata-jīvita PvA.40).‹-› 3.(nt.) substance Vin.I,287.<i>nissatta</i> non-substantial,phenomenal DhsA.38.<br><br> <i>--āvāsa</i> abode of sentient beings (see <i>nava<sup>1</sup></i> 2) D.III,263,268; A.V,53; Vism.552; VbhA.168.<i>--ussada</i> (see ussada 4) teeming with life,full of people D.I,87,111,131.<i>--loka</i> the world of living creatures SnA 263,442; Vism.205.See also <i>saṅkhāra-loka</i>.<i> --vaṇijjā</i> slave trade DA.I,235=A.III,208 (C.:manussa-vikkaya).(Page 673),5,1
  12438. 397800,en,15,satta,satta,Satta,Satta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of <em>sañj</em><i>:</i> sajjati] hanging,clinging or attached to Vin.I,185; D.II,246; Nd<sup>1</sup> 23,24; Dh.342; J.I,376.Cp.<i>āsatta<sup>1</sup> </i>&<i> byāsatta</i>.(Page 673),5,1
  12439. 397831,en,15,sattadha,sattadhā,Sattadhā,Sattadhā,(adv.) [fr.satta<sup>4</sup>,cp.dvidhā] in seven pieces D.I,94; II,235; Sn.783; J.V,33,493; DhA.I,17,41.Cp.<i>phalati</i>.(Page 673),8,1
  12440. 397876,en,15,sattakkhattum,sattakkhattuṁ,Sattakkhattuṁ,Sattakkhattuṁ,(adv.) [cp.tikkhattuṁ etc.] seven times Vin.I,3; It.18; sattakkhattuparamaṁ seven times at the utmost; °parama one who will not be reborn more than seven times S.II,134 sq.; A.I,233,235; IV,381; Kvu 104; Pug.15 sq.; Nett 189; KhA 187; J.I,239; DhA.III,61,63.(Page 673),13,1
  12441. 397888,en,15,sattali,sattali,Sattali,Sattali,(f.) [cp.Sk.saptalā,name of var.plants,e.g.jasmine,or many-flowered nykkanthes,Halāy.2,52] the plantain,and its flower J.IV,440 (=<i>kadali-</i>puppha C.; so read for kandala°); and perhaps at Th.2,260 for <i>pattali</i> (q.v.),which is expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>kadali</i>(-makula) at ThA.211.(Page 673),7,1
  12442. 397901,en,15,sattama,sattama,Sattama,Sattama,<sup>2</sup> (num.ord.) [fr.satta<sup>4</sup>] the seventh D.I,89; Sn.103.-- f.<i>°mī</i> Sn.437.Often in Loc.<i>°divase</i> on the 7th day Sn.983; J.I,395; Miln.15; PvA.6,74.<i>--°bhavika</i> one who has reached the 7<sup>th</sup> existence (or rebirth) Kvu 475 (cp.trsl<sup>n</sup> 271<sup>4</sup>).(Page 673),7,1
  12443. 397902,en,15,sattama,sattama,Sattama,Sattama,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [superl.fr.sant] best,excellent Sn.356; J.I,233.(Page 673),7,1
  12444. 397941,en,15,sattapanni-rukkha,sattapaṇṇi-rukkha,Sattapaṇṇi-rukkha,Sattapaṇṇi-rukkha,N.of a tree Mhvs 30,47; cp.sattapaṇṇi-guhā N.of a cave KhA 95.(Page 673),17,1
  12445. 397954,en,15,sattarasa,sattarasa,Sattarasa,Sattarasa,(num.card.) [satta<sup>4</sup>+rasa<sup>2</sup>=dasa] seventeen Vin.I,77; IV,112 (°vaggiyā bhikkhū,group of 17).(Page 673),9,1
  12446. 397973,en,15,sattari,sattari,Sattari,Sattari,=sattati,at S.II,59 sq.(Page 673),7,1
  12447. 397997,en,15,sattati,sattati,Sattati,Sattati,[cp.Sk.saptati] seventy D.II,256; Ap 118,126 &#38; passim.As sattari at S.II,59; Ap 248 &#38; passim.(Page 673),7,1
  12448. 398007,en,15,sattatta,sattatta,Sattatta,Sattatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.satta<sup>2</sup>] state of having existence D.I,29.(Page 673),8,1
  12449. 398018,en,15,sattava,sattava,Sattava,Sattava,=satta<sup>2</sup> [a diaeretic sattva] J.V,351.Cp.Lal.Vist.520.(Page 673),7,1
  12450. 398043,en,15,sattha,saṭṭha,Saṭṭha,Saṭṭha,[pp.of sajati<sup>1</sup>] dismissed; in cpd.<i>--°esana</i> one who has abandoned all longing or research D.III,269 (cp.Dial.III,247 “has utterly given up quests”); A.II,41 (so read for <i>saṭh°</i>).-- saṭṭha at S.III,84 is to be read <i>seṭṭha</i>,and at S.IV,298 <i>saṭha</i>.(Page 671),6,1
  12451. 398049,en,15,sattha,sattha,Sattha,Sattha,<sup>6</sup> [cp.Sk.śvasta,<em>śvas</em>] breathed:see <i>vissattha</i>.(Page 674),6,1
  12452. 398050,en,15,sattha,sattha,Sattha,Sattha,<sup>5</sup> (adj.) [wrong for satta=śakta] able,competent J.III,173 (=samattha C.).(Page 674),6,1
  12453. 398051,en,15,sattha,sattha,Sattha,Sattha,<sup>4</sup> [pp.of sāsati; <em>śās</em>] told,taught J.II,298 (v.l.siṭṭha).(Page 674),6,1
  12454. 398052,en,15,sattha,sattha,Sattha,Sattha,<sup>3</sup> [sa<sup>3</sup>+attha; Sk.sārtha] a caravan D.II,130,339; Vin.I,152,292; Nd<sup>1</sup> 446; Dh.123 (appa° with a small c.),Miln.351.<br><br> <i>--gamanīya</i> (magga) a caravan road Vin.IV,63.<i>--vāsa</i> encampment D.II,340,344.<i>--vāsika </i>&<i> °vāsin</i> caravan people J.I,333.<i>--vāha</i> a caravan leader,a merchant D.II,342; Vv 84<sup>7</sup> (cp.VvA.337); leader of a band,teacher; used as Ep.of the Buddha S.I,192; It.80,108; Vin.I,6.In exegesis of term Satthā at Nd<sup>1</sup> 446=Nd<sup>2</sup> 630=Vism.208.(Page 674),6,1
  12455. 398053,en,15,sattha,sattha,Sattha,Sattha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Vedic śāstra,fr.<em>śās</em> to teach] a science,art,lore Miln.3; SnA 327,447.--<i>vāda°</i> science of right belief SnA 540; <i>sadda°</i> grammar SnA 266; supina° dream-telling SnA 564.(Page 674),6,1
  12456. 398054,en,15,sattha,sattha,Sattha,Sattha,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Vedic śastra,fr.<em>śas</em> to cut] a weapon,sword,knife; coll.“arms” D.I,4,56; Sn.309,819 (expl<sup>d</sup> as 3:kāya°,vacī°,mano°,referring to A.IV,42,at Nd<sup>1</sup> 151); J.I,72,504; Pv III,10<sup>2</sup>; SnA 458 (°mukhena); PvA.253.Often in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>daṇḍa+sattha</i> (cp.daṇḍa 4),coll.for “arms,” Vin.I,349; D.I,63; A.IV,249; Nd<sup>2</sup> 576.--<i>satthaṁ āharati</i> to stab oneself S.I,121; III,123; IV,57 sq.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> application of the knife,incision,operation Vin.I,205; SnA 100.<i>--kāraka</i> an assassin Vin.III,73.<i>--vaṇijjā</i> trade in arms A.III,208.<i>--hāraka</i> an assassin Vin.III,73; S.IV,62.(Page 674),6,1
  12457. 398074,en,15,sattha,sāttha,Sāttha,Sāttha,[sa<sup>3</sup>+attha] with the meaning,in spirit D.I,62; II,48; It.79,111; Sn.p.100; Vin.I,21; DA.I,176; Vism.214.(Page 703),6,1
  12458. 398089,en,15,satthaka,satthaka,Satthaka,Satthaka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.sattha<sup>3</sup>] belonging to a caravan,caravan people,merchant PvA.274.(Page 674),8,1
  12459. 398090,en,15,satthaka,satthaka,Satthaka,Satthaka,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.sattha<sup>1</sup>] a knife,scissors Vin.II,115 (daṇḍa°,with a handle); J.V,254 (as one of the 8 parikkhāras); Miln.282.<i>aya°</i> at J.V,338 read <i>°paṭṭaka</i>.<br><br> <i>--nisādana</i> [cp.Sk.niśātana] knife-sharpening DhA.I,308,cp.Miln.282 <i>°nisāna</i> [=Sk.niśāna].<i>--vāta</i> a cutting pain A.I,101=307; J.III,445.(Page 674),8,1
  12460. 398097,en,15,satthaka,sātthaka,Sātthaka,Sātthaka,(adj.) [sa+atthaka] (fem.--ikā) useful PvA.12.(Page 703),8,1
  12461. 398126,en,15,satthar,satthar,Satthar,Satthar,[Venic śāstṛ,n.ag.fr.<em>śās</em>] teacher,master.-- Nom.satthā D.I,49; Sn.179; Acc.satthāraṁ D.I,163; Sn.153,343; Instr.satthārā D.I,163; Instr.satthunā Mhvs 32,19; Gen.satthu D.I,110; It.79; Vin.I,12; Gen.satthuno D.II,128; Sn.547,573,Loc.satthari Dhs.1004; Nom.and Acc.pl.satthāro D.I,230; A.I,277; Miln.4; Gen.pl.satthārānaṁ J.I,509.-- See e.g.D.I,230; A.I,277; Vin.I,8; Th.2,387.-- The 6 teachers (as in detail at D.I,52--59 &#38; var.places) are Pūraṇa Kassapa,Makkhali Gosāla,Nigaṇṭha Nāthaputta,Sañjaya Belaṭṭhiputta,Ajita-Kesakambalī.-- 5 teachers at Vin.II,186; A.III,123.-- 3 at D.I,230; A.I,277.‹-› The Master par excellence is the <i>Buddha</i> D.I,110; II,128; III,119 sq.; A.III,248; IV,120,460; Sn.153,545,955 (see exegesis in detail at Nd<sup>1</sup> 446=Nd<sup>2</sup> 630),1148; Vism.389,401,604.-- <i>gaṇa-satthar</i> leader of a company J.II,41,72; <i>satthāra-dassana</i> sight of the Master SnA 49; <i>satthu-d-anvaya</i> successor of the M.Sn.556.(Page 674),7,1
  12462. 398151,en,15,satthi,saṭṭhi,Saṭṭhi,Saṭṭhi,(num.ord.) [cp.Sk.ṣaṣṭi:see cha] sixty D.I,45; II,261; Sn.538; DhA.III,412 (ekūna°).It is found mostly in the same application as <i>cha</i> (group-number),e.g.at J.I,64 (°turiya-sahassāni); VvA.92 (id.); J.I,87 (°yojana); VI,512 (°sahassa); DhA.I,8,17,26,131 (°sakaṭa).<i>--°hāyana</i> 60 years old (of elephant) M.I,229; J.II,343.(Page 671),6,1
  12463. 398162,en,15,satthi,satthi,Satthi,Satthi,<sup>1</sup> (nt. &#38; f.) [cp.Sk.sakthi] the thigh Vin.II,161; Th.1,151; Vv 81<sup>17</sup>; J.II,408; III,83; VI,528; <i>antarā°</i> between the thighs A.II,245.(Page 674),6,1
  12464. 398171,en,15,satthika,satthika,Satthika,Satthika,(adj.) [fr.sattha<sup>3</sup>] belonging to a caravan D.II,344.(Page 674),8,1
  12465. 398196,en,15,satthu,satthu,Satthu,Satthu,see sattu<sup>2</sup>; satthu° see <i>satthar</i>.<i> </i> (Page 674),6,1
  12466. 398207,en,15,satthuka,satthuka,Satthuka,Satthuka,“having a teacher,” in atīta° [belonging to the whole cpd.] whose teacher is dead D.II,154.(Page 674),8,1
  12467. 398217,en,15,satthum,saṭṭhuṁ,Saṭṭhuṁ,Saṭṭhuṁ,at J.VI,185 (taṁ asakkhi saṭṭhuṁ) is inf.of sajati<sup>1</sup> (<em>sṛj</em>=Sk.sraṣṭuṁ) to dismiss,let loose.The form has caused trouble,since the Com.explains it with <i>gaṇhituṁ</i> “to take.” This has induced Kern (Toev.s.v.) to see in it a very old (even pre-Vedic!) form with <i>*sāḍhuṁ</i> as original.Evidently he derives it fr.<em>sah</em> (Epic Sk.soḍhuṁ!),as he trsl<sup>s</sup> it as “to master,overpower.“ (Page 671),7,1
  12468. 398221,en,15,satthuna,satthuna,Satthuna,Satthuna,[?] a friend J.I,365.(Page 674),8,1
  12469. 398233,en,15,satthuvanna,satthuvaṇṇa,Satthuvaṇṇa,Satthuvaṇṇa,[satthar°+vaṇṇa] gold (lit.the colour of the Master) Vin.III,238,240.(Page 674),11,1
  12470. 398241,en,15,satti,satti,Satti,Satti,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [cp.Vedic śakti,orig.identical with satti<sup>1</sup>] 1.knife,dagger,sword A.IV,130; J.II,153; Vism.313 (dīgha-daṇḍa° with a long handle); DhA.I,189; II,134 (tikhiṇa° a sharp knife).<i>mukha°</i> piercing words J.I,341.-- 2.a spear,javelin S.I,13; A.II,117; J.I,150.<br><br> <i>--pañjara</i> lattice work of spears D.II,164.<i>--laṅghana</i> javelin dance J.I,430.<i>--simbali-vana</i> the forest of swords (in purgatory) J.V,453.<i>--sūla</i> a sword stake,often in simile °ûpamā kāmā S.I,128; A.III,97; Vism.341.Also N.of a purgatory J.V,143 sq.(Page 673),5,1
  12471. 398242,en,15,satti,satti,Satti,Satti,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [fr.<em>śak</em>,cp.Vedic śakti] ability,power Dhtp 508 Usually in phrase <i>yathā satti</i> as much as one can do,according to one’s ability Cp I.10<sup>6</sup>; DhA.I,399; or <i>yathā sattiṁ</i> D.I,102,or <i>y</i>.<i> sattiyā</i> DhA.I,92.(Page 673),5,1
  12472. 398255,en,15,sattika,sattika,Sattika,Sattika,see <i>tala°</i>.(Page 673),7,1
  12473. 398278,en,15,sattu,sattu,Sattu,Sattu,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.śaktu] barley-meal,flour Vin.II,116 (satthu); Nd<sup>1</sup> 372; J.III,343 sq.; Pv III,1<sup>3</sup>; Dhs.646.<br><br> <i>--āpaṇa</i> baker’s shop J.VI,365.<i>--pasibbaka</i> flour sack; <i>°bhasta</i> id.J.III,346.(Page 673),5,1
  12474. 398279,en,15,sattu,sattu,Sattu,Sattu,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic śatru] an enemy J.V,94 (Acc.pl.sattavo); Vism.234 (°nimmathana).(Page 673),5,1
  12475. 398294,en,15,sattuka,sattuka,Sattuka,Sattuka,[fr.sattu<sup>1</sup>] an enemy J.III,154; Mhvs 32,18.(Page 674),7,1
  12476. 398341,en,15,sava,sava,Sava,Sava,(adj.) [fr.<em>sru</em>,savati] dripping,flowing with ( -- ˚) Pv ii.911 (madhu˚,with honey).(Page 699),4,1
  12477. 398346,en,15,sava,sāva,Sāva,Sāva,[fr.sru] juice VvA.186.(Page 707),4,1
  12478. 398351,en,15,savacaniya,savacanīya,Savacanīya,Savacanīya,[sa3+vacanīya] (the subject of a) conversation Vin ii.5,22,276.(Page 699),10,1
  12479. 398359,en,15,savajja,sāvajja,Sāvajja,Sāvajja,(adj.) [sa+avajja] blameable,faulty D.I,163; II,215; M.I,119; S.V,66,104 sq.; Sn.534; Pug.30,41; (nt.) what is censurable,sin J.I,130; Miln.392; VbhA.382 (mahā° or appa°,with ref.to var.crimes).(Page 707),7,1
  12480. 398371,en,15,savajjata,sāvajjatā,Sāvajjatā,Sāvajjatā,(f.) [fr.last] guilt Miln.293.(Page 707),9,1
  12481. 398374,en,15,savaka,savaka,Savaka,Savaka,see <i>saṁ</i>.(Page 699),6,1
  12482. 398382,en,15,savaka,sāvaka,Sāvaka,Sāvaka,[fr.<em>śru</em>] a hearer,disciple (never an Arahant) D.I,164; II,104; III,47,52,120 sq.,133; A.I,88; M.I,234; S.II,26; It.75 sq.,79; J.I,229; Vism.214,411.-- fem.sāvikā D.II,105; III,123; Th.2,335; S.IV,379; A.I,25,88.(Cp.ariya-°,agga-°,mahā).<br><br> --saṅgha the congregation of the eight Aryas M.II,120; S.I,220 (cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā); II,79 sq.; It.88.(Page 707),6,1
  12483. 398401,en,15,savakatta,sāvakatta,Sāvakatta,Sāvakatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.last] the state of a disciple M.I,379 sq.(Page 707),9,1
  12484. 398418,en,15,savana,savana,Savana,Savana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.savati] flowing Dh.339; J iv.288; v.257; savana -- gandha of the body,having a tainted odour Th.2,466.(Page 699),6,1
  12485. 398419,en,15,savana,savana,Savana,Savana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>śru</em>:see suṇāti] 1.the ear Sn.1120; Miln.258.-- 2.hearing D i.153,179; A i.121; S i.24; Vin i.26; Sn.265,345; Dh.182; J i.160,250; Miln.257; Nd1 188.sussavanaṃ sāvesi she made me hear a good hearing,she taught me a good thing J i.61; savanaṭṭhāne within hearing J iv.378.<i>dhamma˚</i> hearing the preaching of the Dhamma Vin i.101 etc.(Page 699),6,1
  12486. 398432,en,15,savana,sāvana,Sāvana,Sāvana,(nt.) [fr.sāveti] shouting out,announcement,sound,word J.II,352; Sdhp.67.(Page 707),6,1
  12487. 398453,en,15,savaniya,savanīya,Savanīya,Savanīya,(adj.) [grd.of suṇāti] pleasant to hear D ii.211; J i.96 ( -- ṇ -- ); J vi.120=122 (savaneyya).(Page 699),8,1
  12488. 398463,en,15,savanka,savanka,Savanka,Savanka,a sort of fish J v.405.Cp.satavanka &#38; sacca- vanka.(Page 699),7,1
  12489. 398478,en,15,savanti,savantī,Savantī,Savantī,(f.) [cp.Vedic sravat,orig.ppr.of <em>sru</em>,sravati] a river Vin.II,238; Bu II.86=J.I,18; J.VI,485; Miln.319.(Page 700),7,1
  12490. 398483,en,15,savara,savara,Savara,Savara,[Epic Sk.śabara,cp.śabala=P.sabala] an aboriginal tribe,a savage Vin.I,168; Miln.191.(Page 700),6,1
  12491. 398488,en,15,savasa,savasa,Savasa,Savasa,[sa<sup>4</sup>+vasa] one’s own will DhsA.61 (°vattitā; cp.Expos.81).(Page 700),6,1
  12492. 398495,en,15,savasesa,sāvasesa,Sāvasesa,Sāvasesa,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+avasesa] with a remainder,incomplete,of an offence which can be done away Vin.I,354; II,88; V,153; A.I,88.-- Of a text (pāṭha) KhA 238; SnA 96.(Page 707),8,1
  12493. 398501,en,15,savata,sāvaṭa,Sāvaṭa,Sāvaṭa,(nt.) name of a certain throw in playing at dice J.VI,281 (v.l.sāvaṭṭa).(Page 707),6,1
  12494. 398507,en,15,savati,savati,Savati,Savati,[<em>sru</em>; cp.Sk.srotas stream; Gr.r(eu_ma,r(e/w to flow; Ags.strēam=stream; Oir.sruth] to flow Sn.197,1034; J vi.278; Dh.370.-- ppr.fr.<i>savantī</i> ThA.109.(Page 699),6,1
  12495. 398516,en,15,savatta,sāvaṭṭa,Sāvaṭṭa,Sāvaṭṭa,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+āvaṭṭa] containing whirlpools It.114.(Page 707),7,1
  12496. 398544,en,15,savera,savera,Savera,Savera,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+vera] angry D.I,247.(Page 700),6,1
  12497. 398554,en,15,savetar,sāvetar,Sāvetar,Sāvetar,[n.ag.fr.sāveti] one who makes others hear,who tells D.I,56; A.IV,196.(Page 707),7,1
  12498. 398560,en,15,saveti,sāveti,Sāveti,Sāveti,is Caus.of suṇāti.(Page 707),6,1
  12499. 398572,en,15,savhaya,savhaya,Savhaya,Savhaya,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+avhaya] called,named Dpvs 4,7; Ap 109.(Page 700),7,1
  12500. 398578,en,15,savi,sāvi,Sāvi,Sāvi,[Sk.śvāvidh,see Lüder’s Z.D.M.G.61,643] a porcupine J.V,489 (MSS.sāmi and sāsi,cp.Manu.V.18).(Page 707),4,1
  12501. 398585,en,15,savibhattika,savibhattika,Savibhattika,Savibhattika,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+vibhatti+ka] (able) to be classified DhsA.134.(Page 700),12,1
  12502. 398588,en,15,savicara,savicāra,Savicāra,Savicāra,accompanied by investigation D.I,37 etc.,in the description of the first Jhāna.See vicāra.(Page 700),8,1
  12503. 398592,en,15,savidha,savidha,Savidha,Savidha,(adj.) [Sk.savidha] near; (nt.) neighbourhood Dāvs.IV,32; V,9.(Page 700),7,1
  12504. 398601,en,15,savighata,savighāta,Savighāta,Savighāta,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+vighāta] bringing vexation Th.2,352; ThA.242.(Page 700),9,1
  12505. 398605,en,15,savijjuka,savijjuka,Savijjuka,Savijjuka,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+vijju+ka] accompanied by lightning D.II,262.(Page 700),9,1
  12506. 398616,en,15,savinnana,saviññāṇa,Saviññāṇa,Saviññāṇa,possessed of consciousness,conscious,animate A.I,83; <i>--ka</i> the same A.I,132; DhA.I,6.-- See <i>viññāṇaka</i>.(Page 700),9,1
  12507. 398636,en,15,savitakka,savitakka,Savitakka,Savitakka,accompanied by reasoning D.I,37 etc.,in the formula of the first Jhāna.See vitakka.(Page 700),9,1
  12508. 398649,en,15,savitti,sāvittī,Sāvittī,Sāvittī,(f.) the Vedic verse Sāvitrī Sn.457,568=Vin.I,246 (Sāvitthī); J.IV,184.(Page 707),7,1
  12509. 398659,en,15,savupadana,savupādāna,Savupādāna,Savupādāna,<i>=sa-upādāna</i> (A.II,163):see <i>upādāna</i>.(Page 700),10,1
  12510. 398665,en,15,savyanjana,savyañjana,Savyañjana,Savyañjana,(adj.) [sa<sup>3</sup>+vyañjana] with the letters Vin.I,21; D.I,62; DA.I,176; Sn.p.103; Vism.214.(Page 700),10,1
  12511. 398669,en,15,saya,saya,Saya,Saya,<i>=saka</i> (?) one’s own J.VI,414 (=saka-raṭṭha C.).(Page 697),4,1
  12512. 398673,en,15,saya,sāya,Sāya,Sāya,[cp.Sk.sāyaṁ,on which Aufrecht,Halāyudha p.380,remarks:“this word seems to be the gerund of <i>sā</i>,and to have signified originally “having finished.” A masc.sāya does not exist.” Cp.Vedic °sāya] evening,only adverbially <i>sāyaṁ</i>,at night Vin.III,147; J.II,83; DhA.I,234; usually opposed to <i>pāto (pātaṁ)</i> in the morning,early e.g.<i>sāya-pātaṁ</i> D.II,188; Miln.419; J.I,432,460; V,462; <i>sāyaṁ-pātaṁ</i> Vin.II,185; DhA.II,66; <i>sāyañ ca pāto ca</i> Pv.I,6<sup>3</sup>; II,9<sup>37</sup>; PvA.127; sāya-tatiyaka for the third time in the evening D.I,167; A.II,206; V,263,266,268; M.I,343; sāyamāsa supper J.I,297; V,461; DhA.I,204.sāyaṁ as quâsi-nominative:sāyaṁ ahosi J.VI,505; <i>atisāyaṁ</i> too late Th.1,231; J.II,362; V,94; <i>sāyataraṁ</i> later in the evening (compar.) J.VI,366.(Page 705),4,1
  12513. 398687,en,15,sayam,sayaṁ,Sayaṁ,Sayaṁ,(adv.) [see etym.under sa<sup>4</sup>] self,by oneself Vin.I,8; D.I,12; DA.I,175; Sn.57,320,etc.; p.57,100,etc.; Mhvs 7,63 (for f.).Also with ref.to several people,e.g.DhA.I,13.<br><br> <i>--kata</i> made by itself,spontaneous D.III,137 (loka); S.II,19 sq.(dukkha); Ud.69 sq.<i>--jāta</i> born from oneself,sprung up spontaneously J.I,325; II,129.<i>--pabha</i> radiating light from oneself,a kind of devas D.I,17; III,28 sq.,84 sq.; Sn.404; DA.I,110 <i>--bhū</i> self-dependent,an epithet of a Buddha Bu XIV.1 = J.I,39; Miln.214,227,236; Vism.234; SnA 106 (f.abstr.sayambhutā),135.<i>--vara</i> self-choice J.V,426.<i>--vasin</i> self-controlled,independent Bu II.20=J.I,5; Dāvs.I,22.(Page 697),5,1
  12514. 398732,en,15,sayana,sayana,Sayana,Sayana,(nt.) [fr.<em>śī</em>] 1.lying down,sleeping Vism.26; PvA.80 (mañca°).-- 2.bed,couch Vin.I,57,72; II,123; D.I,5,7; A.I,132; J.II,88; V,110 (°ṁ attharāpeti to spread out a bed); Miln.243,348; Nd<sup>1</sup> 372 (°sannidhi); Pv.I,11<sup>7</sup> (kis°=kiṁ°); PvA.78.-- sayanakalaha a quarrel in the bedroom,a curtain-lecture J.III,20; sayanāsana bed &#38; seat It.112; Dh.185,etc.:see senāsana.(Page 697),6,1
  12515. 398741,en,15,sayana,sayāna,Sayāna,Sayāna,is ppr.of <i>sayati</i> lying down (e.g.A.II,13 sq.):see <i>seti</i>.(Page 697),6,1
  12516. 398748,en,15,sayana,sāyana,Sāyana,Sāyana,<sup>2</sup> the Nāga tree (cp.nāga 3) J.VI,535 (vāraṇā sā yanā=nāgarukkhā,C.,ibid.535,var.read.vāyana).Kern,Toev.II.77 conjectures sāsanā “with Asana’s Terminalia’s.” (Page 705),6,1
  12517. 398749,en,15,sayana,sāyana,Sāyana,Sāyana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.sāyati] tasting,taste Dhtp 229.(Page 705),6,1
  12518. 398777,en,15,sayanha,sāyaṇha,Sāyaṇha,Sāyaṇha,[sāyaṁ+aṇha,cp.Sk.sāyāhna] evening D.II,9; J.I,144; <i>--°samayaṁ</i> at evening time D.II,205; M.I,147; Vin.I,21; <i>sāyaṇhasamaye</i> J.I,148,279; PvA.33,43,100; <i>°-kāle</i> the same J.IV,120; <i>sāyaṇhe</i> (Loc.) J.I,144,237; <i>atisāyaṇha</i> late evening J.VI,540.(Page 705),7,1
  12519. 398788,en,15,sayanighara,sayanighara,Sayanighara,Sayanighara,(nt.) a sleeping-room Vin.I,140 sq.; IV,160; J.I,433; III,275,276.(Page 697),11,1
  12520. 398817,en,15,sayapita,sayāpita,Sayāpita,Sayāpita,[pp.of sayāpeti] made to lie down VbhA.11.(Page 697),8,1
  12521. 398821,en,15,sayatatta,sayatatta,Sayatatta,Sayatatta,at S.I,14 read saṁyatatta.(Page 697),9,1
  12522. 398824,en,15,sayatha,sayathā,Sayathā,Sayathā,(adv.) [cp.Sk.sayathā or tadyathā; see sa<sup>2</sup>.The usual P.form is seyyathā] like,as Th.1,412.(Page 697),7,1
  12523. 398831,en,15,sayati,sayati,Sayati,Sayati,<sup>2</sup><i> </i>[<i>śri</i> which is given in meaning <i>sevā</i> at Dhtp 289] to lean on; to be supported etc.:only in pp.<i>sita</i>,and in prep.cpd.<i>nissayati</i>.(Page 697),6,1
  12524. 398832,en,15,sayati,sayati,Sayati,Sayati,<sup>1</sup><i> </i>[<i>śī</i>] to lie down:see <i>seti</i>.Caus.II.<i>sayāpeti</i> ibid.(Page 697),6,1
  12525. 398842,en,15,sayati,sāyati,Sāyati,Sāyati,<i> </i>[<i>svad</i>,Sk.svādate,cp.sādiyati] to taste,eat; pres.<i>sāyati</i> Vin.II,121; ppr.<i>sāyanto</i> D.III,85; grd.sāyanīya savoury Vin.I,44; S.I,162; ger.sāyitvā S.IV,176; A.III,163.Cp.<i>saṁsāyati</i>.(Page 705),6,1
  12526. 398855,en,15,sayha,sayha,Sayha,Sayha,see <i>sahati</i>.(Page 697),5,1
  12527. 398873,en,15,sayika,sāyika,Sāyika,Sāyika,(adj.) [fr.<em>śī</em>] lying,sleeping,resting in (-°) Dh.141; M.I,328 (vatthu°); Th.1,501=Miln.367.(Page 705),6,1
  12528. 398877,en,15,sayin,sāyin,Sāyin,Sāyin,(adj.) [fr.<em>śī</em>] lying Dh.325.(Page 705),5,1
  12529. 398880,en,15,sayita,sayita,Sayita,Sayita,[pp.of seti] lying down J.I,338; V,438.<i>sukha°</i> lying in a good position,sleeping well,well-embedded (of seeds) A.III,404=D.II,354; Miln.255.<i>sukha-sayitabhāva</i> “having had a good sleep,” being well J.V,127.(Page 697),6,1
  12530. 398884,en,15,sayita,sāyita,Sāyita,Sāyita,[pp.of sāyati,cp.sāditar] (having) tasted,tasting D.I,70; II,95,292; M.I,188,461; Miln.378; Vism.258 (khāyita+).(Page 705),6,1
  12531. 398901,en,15,se,se,Se,Se,(pron.)=<i>taṁ:</i> see under <i>sa<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 722),2,1
  12532. 398913,en,15,secanaka,secanaka,Secanaka,Secanaka,[fr.seceti] sprinkling J.VI,69; neg.<i>asecanaka</i> (q.v.).(Page 722),8,1
  12533. 398918,en,15,seccha,secchā,Secchā,Secchā,=sa-icchā,Sdhp.249.(Page 722),6,1
  12534. 398921,en,15,seceti,seceti,Seceti,Seceti,see <i>siñcati</i>.(Page 722),6,1
  12535. 398929,en,15,seda,seda,Seda,Seda,[Vedic sveda,fr.<i>svid</i>,cp.Av.xvaēda,Gr.i)drwζ,Lat.sudor,Ags.svāt=E.sweat] sweat D.II,293; A.II,67 sq.; It.76; Sn.196; J.I,118,138,146,243; in detaiḷ (physiologically) at Vism.262,360; VbhA.66,245; sweating for medicinal purposes,mahā° a great steambath; sambhāra° bringing about sweating by the use of herbs,etc.; seda-kamma sweating Vin.I,205.-- pl.<i>sedā</i> drops of perspiration DhA.I,253.<br><br> <i>--âvakkhitta</i> earned in the sweat of the brow A.II,67 sq.,III,45,76; IV,95,282.<i>--gata</i> sweat-covered,sweating VvA.305.<i>--mala</i> the stain of sweat J.III,290; VbhA.276.<i>--yūsa</i> sweat Vism.195.(Page 723),4,1
  12536. 398943,en,15,sedaka,sedaka,Sedaka,Sedaka,(adj.) [fr.seda] sweating,transpiring D.II,265.(Page 723),6,1
  12537. 398964,en,15,sedeti,sedeti,Sedeti,Sedeti,[Caus.of sijjati] to cause to transpire,to heat,to steam J.IV,238; V,271; KhA 52,67; Vin.III,82 (aor.sedesi); ger.sedetvā J.I,324; II,74; pp.<i>sedita</i>.Caus II.<i>sedāpeti</i> J.III,122.(Page 723),6,1
  12538. 398971,en,15,sedita,sedita,Sedita,Sedita,[pp.of sedeti] moistened J.I,52 (su°).Cp.pari°.(Page 723),6,1
  12539. 398979,en,15,segalaka,segālaka,Segālaka,Segālaka,(nt.) [fr.sigāla] a jackal’s cry A.I,187 sq.(°ṁ nadati); cp.<i>sigālika</i>.(Page 722),8,1
  12540. 398985,en,15,sehi,sehi,Sehi,Sehi,is Instr.pl.of sa<sup>4</sup> (his own):Dh.136; DhA.III,64.(Page 724),4,1
  12541. 398993,en,15,seka,seka,Seka,Seka,[fr.<i>sic</i>,see siñcati] sprinkling J.I,93 (suvaṇṇa-rasa-s.‹-› piñjara).(Page 722),4,1
  12542. 398999,en,15,sekadhari,sekadhārī,Sekadhārī,Sekadhārī,(f.) (?) J.VI,536 (nīlapupphi-°,C.nīlapupphīti ādikā pupphavalliyo).(Page 722),9,1
  12543. 399001,en,15,sekata,sekata,Sekata,Sekata,(nt.) [Sk.saikata] a sandbank Dāvs.I,32.(Page 722),6,1
  12544. 399011,en,15,sekha,sekha,Sekha,Sekha,( &#38; sekkha) [cp.Sk.śaikṣa; fr.<i>siks</i>,sikkhati] belonging to training,in want of training,imperfect Vin.I,17,248; III,24; Dhs.1016; one who has still to learn,denotes one who has not yet attained Arahantship D.II,143; M.I,4,144; A.I,63; Pug.14; It.9 sq.,53,71; Sn.970,1038=S.II,47; definition A.I,231; S.V,14,145,175,229 sq.,298,327; Nd<sup>1</sup> 493 (sikkhatī ti sekkho,etc.) =Nd<sup>2</sup> 689; VbhA.328.s.pāṭipadā the path of the student M.I,354; III,76,300; s.sīla the moral practice of the student A.I,219 sq.; II,6,86 sq.; <i>asekha</i> not to be trained,adept,perfect Vin.I,62 sq.; III,24; Pug.14 (=arahant).See <i>asekha</i>.<br><br> <i>--bala</i> the strength of the disciple,of five kinds A.II,150.<i>--sammata</i> esteemed to be under discipline,educated Vin.IV,179.(Page 722),5,1
  12545. 399029,en,15,sekhavant,sekhavant,Sekhavant,Sekhavant,(?) quick J.VI,199 (v.l.sīghavant).(Page 722),9,1
  12546. 399036,en,15,sekhiya,sekhiya,Sekhiya,Sekhiya,[fr.sekha] connected with training; s.dhamma rule of good breeding Vin.IV,185 sq.(Page 722),7,1
  12547. 399064,en,15,sela,sela,Sela,Sela,[fr.silā] rocky Dh.8; (m.) rock,stone,crystal S.I,127; D.II,39; A.III,346; Dh.81; J.II,14; Vin.I,4 sq.; III,147= J.II,284.<br><br> <i>--guḷa</i> a rocky ball J.I,147.<i>--maya</i> made of rock (crystal?),of the bowl of the Buddha SnA 139,159.(Page 723),4,1
  12548. 399074,en,15,selaka,selaka,Selaka,Selaka,[sela+ka] “rocky,” a kind of copper (cp.pisāca) VbhA.63.(Page 723),6,1
  12549. 399084,en,15,seleti,seḷeti,Seḷeti,Seḷeti,[according to Kern,Toev.II.78 for sveḷayati,cp.Oir.fét whistle,music etc.Idg.<i>*svei</i>ƶ<i>d</i>] to make a noise,shout,cry exultantly Sn.682; J.V,67; Bu I.36.‹-› pp.<i>seḷita</i>.-- Other,diff.expl<sup>ns</sup> of the word see in J.P.T.S.1885,p.54.(Page 723),6,1
  12550. 399100,en,15,selita,seḷita,Seḷita,Seḷita,(selita) [pp.of seḷeti] shouting,noise,row J.II,218.To this belongs the doubtful der.<i>selissaka</i> (nt.) noise,row,mad pranks at S.IV,117 (v.l.seleyyaka).(Page 723),6,1
  12551. 399116,en,15,semanaka,semānaka,Semānaka,Semānaka,[semāna+ka; ppr.of seti] lying Th.1,14; DhA.I,16.(Page 723),8,1
  12552. 399124,en,15,semha,semha,Semha,Semha,(nt.) [=silesuma] phlegm Vin.II,137; D.II,14,293; A.II,87; III,101; IV,320; Sn.198,434; Miln.112,303.Physiologically in detail at Vism.359; VbhA.65,244.(Page 723),5,1
  12553. 399133,en,15,semhara,semhāra,Semhāra,Semhāra,some sort of animal (monkey?) (explained by makkaṭa) M.I,429.(Page 723),7,1
  12554. 399139,en,15,semhika,semhika,Semhika,Semhika,(adj.) [fr.semha] a man of phlegmatic humour Miln.298.(Page 723),7,1
  12555. 399149,en,15,sena,sena,Sena,Sena,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.śyena] a hawk J.I,273; II,51,60; DhA.II,267.(Page 723),4,1
  12556. 399150,en,15,sena,sena,Sena,Sena,<sup>1</sup> [=sayana] lying,sleeping; couch,bed J.V,96 (=sayana).(Page 723),4,1
  12557. 399160,en,15,sena,senā,Senā,Senā,[Vedic senā<sup>2</sup> perhaps fr.<em>si</em> to bind] an army Vin.I,241; IV,104 sq.(where described as consisting of hatthī,assā,rathā,pattī),160; S.I,112; A.III,397; V,82; J.II,94; Miln.4; Nd<sup>1</sup> 95 (Māra°),174 (id.).<br><br> <i>--gutta</i> [sena°] a high official,a minister of war,only in cpd.<i>mahā-°</i> J.VI,2,54; mahāsenaguttaṭṭhāna the position of a generalissimo J.V,115.<i>--nāyaka</i> a general Vin.I,73.<i>--pacca</i> the position as general Mhvs 38,81.<i>--pati</i> a general Vin.I,233 sq.; Sn.556; A.III,38; IV,79; J.I,133; IV,43; <i>dhamma-°</i> a general of the Dhamma Miln.343; DhA.III,305.<i>--patika</i> a general A.III,76,78,300.<i>--byūha</i> massing of troops,grouping &#38; fitting up an army Vin.IV,107; D.I,6; Ps.II,213; DA.I,85 (-vyūha).(Page 723),4,1
  12558. 399174,en,15,senaka,senaka,Senaka,Senaka,<sup>2</sup> =sena<sup>2</sup> J.IV,58,291; VI,246.(Page 723),6,1
  12559. 399175,en,15,senaka,senaka,Senaka,Senaka,<sup>1</sup> a carter ThA.271 (=sākaṭika of Th.2,443).(Page 723),6,1
  12560. 399189,en,15,senani,senānī,Senānī,Senānī,a general; only in cpd.<i>°-kuṭilatā</i> strategy (lit.crookedness of a general) DhsA.151.(Page 723),6,1
  12561. 399210,en,15,senasana,senāsana,Senāsana,Senāsana,(nt.) [sayana+āsana] sleeping and sitting,bed &#38; chair,dwelling,lodging Vin.I,196,294,356; II,146,150 (°parikkhāra-dussa); III,88 etc.; D.II,77; A.I,60; It.103,109; DA.I,208; J.I,217; VbhA.365 (=seti c’eva āsati ca etthā ti senāsanaṁ).See also <i>panta</i>.<br><br> <i>--gāha</i> allotment of lodging-places Vin.II,167.<i>--gāhāpaka</i> house-steward Vin.II,167.<i>--cārikā</i> a wandering from lodging to lodging Vin.I,182,203; III,21; J 126.<i>--paññāpaka</i> regulator of lodging-places Vin.II,75,176; III,158 sq.; IV,38.<i>--paṭibāhana</i> keeping out of the lodging J.I,217.<i>--paviveka</i> secluson in respect of lodging A.I,240 sq.<i>--vatta</i> rule of conduct in respect of dwelling Vin.II,220.(Page 723),8,1
  12562. 399256,en,15,senesika,senesika,Senesika,Senesika,at Vin.I,200 is to be read <i>senehika</i> (fr.sineha),i.e.greasy.(Page 723),8,1
  12563. 399263,en,15,seni,seṇi,Seṇi,Seṇi,(f.) [Class.Sk.śreṇi in meaning “guild”; Vedic= row] 1.a guild Vin.IV,226; J.I,267,314; IV,43; Dāvs II.124; their number was eighteen J.VI,22,427; VbhA.466.<i>°-pamukha</i> the head of a guild J.II,12 (text seni-).-- 2.a division of an army J.VI,583; ratha-° J.VI,81,49; seṇimokkha the chief of an army J.VI,371 (cp.senā and seniya).(Page 722),4,1
  12564. 399276,en,15,seniya,seniya,Seniya,Seniya,[fr.senā] belonging to an army,soldier J.I,314.(Page 723),6,1
  12565. 399290,en,15,sepanni,sepaṇṇī,Sepaṇṇī,Sepaṇṇī,(f.) [Sk.śrīparṇī,lit.having lucky leaves] name of a tree,Gmelina arborea J.I,173,174; DhA.I,145.(Page 723),7,1
  12566. 399306,en,15,sereyyaka,sereyyaka,Sereyyaka,Sereyyaka,name of a tree (Barleria cristata) J.III,253.(Page 723),9,1
  12567. 399322,en,15,serin,serin,Serin,Serin,(adj.) [cp.Sk.svairin] self-willed,independent,according to one’s liking M.I,506; Th.1,1144; Pv IV.1<sup>87</sup>; J.I,5.(Page 723),5,1
  12568. 399327,en,15,serisaka,serīsaka,Serīsaka,Serīsaka,(adj.) [fr.sirīsa] made of Sirīsa wood,name of a hall D.II,356 sq.; Vv 84<sup>53</sup>; VvA.331,351.(Page 723),8,1
  12569. 399328,en,15,serisamaha,serīsamaha,Serīsamaha,Serīsamaha,a festival in honour of the Serīsaka Vimāna Vv 84<sup>37,53</sup> (Page 723),10,1
  12570. 399339,en,15,serita,seritā,Seritā,Seritā,(f.) [fr.serin] independence,freedom Sn.39 sq.(Page 723),6,1
  12571. 399349,en,15,serivihara,serivihāra,Serivihāra,Serivihāra,(adj.) [serin+vihāra] lodging at one’s own choice M.I,469 sq.; Vism.66 (°sukhaṁ).(Page 723),10,1
  12572. 399362,en,15,sesa,sesa,Sesa,Sesa,[fr.<em>śiṣ</em>] remaining,left D.II,48; Sn.217,354; J.II,128; (nt.) remainder PvA.14,70; <i>°-ka</i> the same Mhvs 10,36; 22,42; 25,19.(Page 724),4,1
  12573. 399379,en,15,seseti,seseti,Seseti,Seseti,<i>:</i> see <i>sissati</i>.(Page 724),6,1
  12574. 399392,en,15,sessan,sessan,Sessan,Sessan,sessati see <i>seti</i>.(Page 724),6,1
  12575. 399401,en,15,seta,seta,Seta,Seta,(adj.) [Vedic śveta &#38; śvitra; cp.Av.spaēta white; Lith.szaitýti to make light; Ohg.hwīz=E.white] white D.II,297=M.I,58; Sn.689; A.III,241; VbhA.63 (opp.kāḷa); J.I,175; PvA.157,215.name of a mountain in the Himālayas S.I,67=Miln.242; an elephant of King Pasenadi A.III,345.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> white bodied Mhvs 10,54.<i>--aṭṭhika</i> lit.(having) white bones,(suffering from) famine [cp.BSk.śvetāsthi Divy 131] Vin.III,6; IV,23; S.IV,323; A.I,160; IV,279.‹-› f.mildew Vin.II,256; J.V,401.<i>--odaka</i> clear (transparent) water Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup>.<i>--kambala</i> white blanket J.IV,353.<i>--kamma</i> whitewashing J.VI,432.<i>--kuṭṭha</i> white leprosy J.V,69; VI,196.<i>--geru</i> N.of a plant J.VI,535.<i>--cchatta</i> a white parasol,an emblem of royalty D.II,19; A.I,145; J.I,177,267; PvA.74; DhA.I,167; III,120.<i>--pacchāda</i> with white covering S.IV,292=Ud.76=DhsA.397.<i>--puppha</i> “white-flowered,” N.of a tree (Vitex trifolia?) J.V,422 (=piyaka).<i>--vārī (</i>&<i> °vārisa)</i> names of plants or trees J.VI,535,536.(Page 722),4,1
  12576. 399409,en,15,setaccha,setaccha,Setaccha,Setaccha,a tree J.VI,535; setacchakūṭa adj.J.VI,539 (sakuṇa).(Page 722),8,1
  12577. 399423,en,15,setaka,setaka,Setaka,Setaka,(adj.) [seta+ka] white,transparent D.II,129; M.I,76,167,283.(Page 722),6,1
  12578. 399444,en,15,setapanni,setapaṇṇi,Setapaṇṇi,Setapaṇṇi,(f.[?]) a tree J.VI,335.(Page 722),9,1
  12579. 399474,en,15,seti,seti,Seti,Seti, &#38; sayati [<em>śī</em>,Vedic śete &#38; śayate; cp.Av.saēte=Gr.keίtai to lie,w)--keanόs (“ocean”)=Sk.ā-śayānah,koimάw to put to sleep; Ags.h&amacremacr;man to marry; also Lat.cīvis=citizen.-- The Dhtp simply defines as <i>saya</i> (374)] to lie down,to sleep; (applied) to be in a condition,to dwell,behave etc.-- Pres.<i>seti</i> S.I,41,47,198 (kiṁ sesi why do you lie asleep? Cp.Pv.II,6<sup>1</sup>); J.I,141; Dh.79,168; Sn.200; VvA.42; <i>sayati</i> Vin.I,57; J.II,53; DA.I,261.Pot.<i>sayeyya</i> Pv.II,3,<sup>9</sup> &#38; <i>saye</i> It.120.ppr.<i>sayaṁ</i> It.82,117; Sn.193; <i>sayāna</i> (med.) D.I,90; II,292; M.I,57; It.117; Sn.1145; &#38; <i>semāna</i> D.II,24; M.I,88; S.I,121; J.I,180; also <i>sayamāna</i> Th.1,95.-- Fut.<i>sessati</i> S.I,83; Sn.970; DhA.I,320.-- Aor.<i>sesi</i> J.V,70; <i>settha</i> Sn.970; <i>sayi</i> J.VI,197,<i>asayittha</i> J.I,335.-- Inf.<i>sayituṁ</i> PvA.157; ger.<i>sayitvā</i> J.II,77.-- pp.<i>sayita</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.II.<i>sayāpeti</i> to make lie down,to bed on a couch etc.J.I,245; V,461; Mhvs 31,35; PvA.104.-- pp.<i>sayāpita</i>.<i> -- sukhaṁ seti</i> to be at ease or happy S.I,212; J.V,242 (raṭṭhaṁ i.e.is prosperous); opp.<i>dukkhaṁ</i> s.to be miserable A.I,137.(Page 722),4,1
  12580. 399488,en,15,settha,seṭṭha,Seṭṭha,Seṭṭha,best,excellent D.I,18,99; S.III,13; Sn.47,181,822,907; Dh.1,26; J.I,443; Nd<sup>1</sup> 84=Nd<sup>2</sup> 502 (with syn.); J.I,88; cp.<i>seṭṭhatara</i> J.V,148.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> excellent,pious deeds Mhvs 59,9.<i>--sammata</i> considered the best J.III,111.(Page 722),6,1
  12581. 399520,en,15,setthi,seṭṭhi,Seṭṭhi,Seṭṭhi,[fr.seṭṭha,Sk.śreṣṭhin] foreman of a guild,treasurer,banker,“City man”,wealthy merchant Vin.I,15 sq.,271 sq.; II,110 sq.,157; S.I,89; J.I,122; II,367 etc.; Rājagaha° the merchant of Rājagaha Vin.II,154; J.IV,37; Bārāṇasi° the merchant of Benares J.I,242,269; jana-pada-seṭṭhi a commercial man of the country J.IV,37; seṭṭhi gahapati Vin.I,273; S.I,92; there were families of seṭṭhis Vin.I,18; J.IV,62; <i>°-ṭṭhāna</i> the position of a seṭṭhi J.II,122,231; hereditary J.I,231,243; II,64; III,475; IV,62 etc.; <i>seṭṭhânuseṭṭhī</i> treasurers and under-treasurers Vin.I,18; see Vinaya Texts I.102.(Page 722),6,1
  12582. 399543,en,15,setthitta,seṭṭhitta,Seṭṭhitta,Seṭṭhitta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.seṭṭhi] the office of treasurer or (wholesale) merchant S.I,92.(Page 722),9,1
  12583. 399552,en,15,setu,setu,Setu,Setu,[Vedic setu,to <em>si</em> or <em>sā</em> (see sinoti); cp.Av.haētu dam; Lat.saeta; Ags.sāda rope; etc.] a causeway,bridge Vin.I,230=D.II,89,J.I,199; Vism.412 (simile); DhA.I,83; SnA 357; PvA.102,151,215.<i>uttāra°-</i> a bridge for crossing over M.I,134; S.IV,174; Miln.194; <i>naḷa-°</i> a bamboo bridge Th.1,7.<br><br> <i>--kāraka</i> a bridge-maker,one who paves the way S.I,33; Kv 345.<i>--ghāta</i> pulling down of the bridge (leading to something) Vin.I,59; III,6; A.I,220,261; II,145 sq.; Dhs.299; DhsA.219; DA.I,305; Nd<sup>2</sup> 462; DhA.IV,36.(Page 722),4,1
  12584. 399573,en,15,seva,sevā,Sevā,Sevā,(f.) [fr.<em>sev</em>] service,resorting to S.I,110; ThA.179.(Page 724),4,1
  12585. 399582,en,15,sevaka,sevaka,Sevaka,Sevaka,serving,following; a servant,dependent J.II,12,125,420; SnA 453.See <i>vipakkha°</i>.(Page 724),6,1
  12586. 399591,en,15,sevala,sevāla,Sevāla,Sevāla,[cp.Epic Sk.śaivala &#38; saivāla] the plant Blyxa octandra moss,A.III,187,232,235; J.II,150=DhA.I,144; J.III,520; IV,71; V,462; Miln.35; DhA.III,199; Tikp 12 (in sim.).(m.and nt.) J.V,37; <i>--mālaka</i> (or <i>--mālika</i>) who makes garlands of Blyxa octandra A.V,263; S.IV,312.-- Often comb<sup>d</sup> with another waterplant,<i>paṇaka</i> (see under paṇṇaka),e.g.A.III,187; Vism.261 (simile); VbhA.244 (id.); KhA 61 (cp.Schubring,Kalpasūtra p.46 sq.).(Page 724),6,1
  12587. 399607,en,15,sevana,sevanā,Sevanā,Sevanā,(f.) [fr.sevati] following,associating with Sn.259; Dhs.1326; Pug.20; Dhtp 285 (as nt.); cohabiting Vin.III,29.(Page 724),6,1
  12588. 399613,en,15,sevanata,sevanatā,Sevanatā,Sevanatā,(-°) (f.) [abstr,fr.sevati]=sevanā VbhA.282 sq.(Page 724),8,1
  12589. 399624,en,15,sevati,sevati,Sevati,Sevati,<i> </i>[<em>sev</em>] 1.to serve,associate with,resort to Vin.II,203; A.I,124 sq.; Sn.57,75; Pug.33; It.107; J.III,525; SnA 169.-- 2.to practice,embrace,make use of Vin.I,10=S.V,421; D.III,157; S.I,12; M.III,45; Dh.167,293,310; Sn.72,391,927; Nd<sup>1</sup> 383,481; J.I,152,361; aor.asevissaṁ J.IV,178.-- pp.<i>sevita:</i> see <i>ā°</i>,<i> vi°</i>.(Page 724),6,1
  12590. 399632,en,15,seveti,seveti,Seveti,Seveti,to cause to fall,to throw down J.III,198 (doubtful; C-expl<sup>s</sup> as pāteti &#38; gives saveti [=sāveti,Caus.of <i>sru</i> to make glide] as gloss; v.l.also sādeti).(Page 724),6,1
  12591. 399642,en,15,sevin,sevin,Sevin,Sevin,(adj.) [fr.<em>sev</em>] serving,practising Sn.749; It.54.See <i>vipakkha°</i>.(Page 724),5,1
  12592. 399662,en,15,seyya,seyya,Seyya,Seyya,(adj.) [Sk.śreyas,compar.form<sup>n</sup>] better,excellent; Nom.masc.<i>seyyo</i> S.III,48 sq.; Sn.918; Dh.308; Dhs.1116; J.I,180; Nom.fem.<i>seyyasi</i> J.V,393; Nom.neut.<i>seyyo</i> often used as a noun,meaning good,happiness,wellbeing Vin.I,33; D.I,184; II,330; Sn.427,440; Dh.76,100; J.II,44; VI,4 (maraṇaṁ eva seyyo,with Abl.of compar.rajjato); Pv.II,9<sup>43</sup> (dhanaṁ); IV,1<sup>6</sup> (jīvitaṁ); Nom.fem.<i>seyyā</i> J.V,94; Nom.Acc.neutr.<i>seyyaṁ</i> J.II,402; III,237; Abl.as adv.<i>seyyaso</i> “still better” Dh.43; J.II,402; IV,241.Superl.<i>seṭṭha</i>.(Page 723),5,1
  12593. 399673,en,15,seyya,seyyā,Seyyā,Seyyā,(f.) [Sk.śayyā; fr.<em>śī</em>] a bed,couch M.I,502; A.I,296; Vin.II,167 (°aggena by the surplus in beds); Sn.29,152,535; Dh.305,309; Pv.II,3<sup>11</sup>; IV,1<sup>2</sup>; J.VI,197 (gilāna° sick-bed).Four kinds A.II,244; VbhA.345.<i>seyyaṁ kappeti</i> to lie down Vin.IV,15,18 sq.-- Comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>āvasatha</i>,e.g.at A.II,85,203; III,385; IV,60; V,271 sq.-- As --° used in adj.sense of “lying down,resting,” viz.<i>ussūra°</i> sleeping beyond sunrise D.III,184=DhA.II,227; <i>divā°</i> noon-day rest D.I,112,167; <i>sīha°</i> like a lion D.II,134; A.IV,87; <i>dukkha°</i> sleeping uncomfortably DhA.IV,8.(Page 723),5,1
  12594. 399687,en,15,seyyaka,seyyaka,Seyyaka,Seyyaka,(adj.) [fr.seyyā] lying M.I,433,see uttānaseyyaka and gabbhaseyyaka.(Page 723),7,1
  12595. 399703,en,15,seyyatha,seyyathā,Seyyathā,Seyyathā,(adv.) [=taṁ yathā,with Māgadhī se° for ta°; cp.sayathā &#38; taṁyathā] as,just as,s.pi Vin.I,5; D.I,45; It.90,113; J.I,339; <i>seyyathīdaṁ</i> as follows “i.e.” or “viz.” Vin.I,10; D.I,89; II,91; S.V,421; It.99.(Page 723),8,1
  12596. 399719,en,15,seyyati,seyyati,Seyyati,Seyyati,[<em>śṛ</em>,Vedic śṛṇāti &#38; śīryate] to crush J.I,174.See also <i>sarati<sup>3</sup> </i>&<i> vi°</i>.-- pp.<i>siṇṇa:</i> see <i>vi°</i>.(Page 723),7,1
  12597. 399734,en,15,si,si,Si,Si,(--°) [=svid,for which ordinarily °su] part.of interrogation; e.g.kaṁ--si DhA.I,91.(Page 707),2,1
  12598. 399740,en,15,sibala,sibala,Sibala,Sibala,N.of a tree J.VI,535.(Page 710),6,1
  12599. 399742,en,15,sibba,sibba,Sibba,Sibba,(nt.) [fr.<i>sīv</i>] a suture of the skull; plur.<i>°-āni</i> J.VI,339; sibbinī (f.) the same Vin.I,274.(Page 710),5,1
  12600. 399748,en,15,sibbana,sibbana,Sibbana,Sibbana,(nt.) [fr.sīv] sewing Sn.304=J.IV,395; J.I,220; VI,218.<i>sibbanī</i> (f.) “seamstress”=greed,lust Dhs.1059; A.III,399; DhsA.363; Sn.1040 (see lobha).<i>--°magga</i> suture Vism.260; KhA 60 (id.).(Page 710),7,1
  12601. 399763,en,15,sibbapana,sibbāpana,Sibbāpana,Sibbāpana,(nt.) [fr.<i>sibbāpeti</i>] causing to be sewn Vin.IV,280.(Page 710),9,1
  12602. 399773,en,15,sibbati,sibbati,Sibbati,Sibbati,<i> </i>[<em>sīv</em>,Vedic sīvyati.The root is sometimes given as <em>siv</em>,e.g.Dhtp 390,with def<sup>n</sup> “tantu-santāna”] to sew J.IV,25; VvA.251.Pres.also <i>sibbeti</i> Vin.II,116; IV,61,280; ger.<i>sibbetvā</i> J.I,316; grd.<i>sibbitabba</i> J.I,9; aor.<i>sibbi</i> J.IV,25; &#38; <i>sibbesi</i> Vin.II,289; inf.<i>sibbetuṁ</i>,Vin.I,203.-- pp.<i>sibbita</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>sibbāpeti</i> J.II,197; Vin.IV,61.(Page 710),7,1
  12603. 399798,en,15,sibbini,sibbinī,Sibbinī,Sibbinī,Dhs.1059,read sibbanī.Cp.sibba.(Page 711),7,1
  12604. 399804,en,15,sibbita,sibbita,Sibbita,Sibbita,[pp.of sibbati] sewn Vin.IV,279 (dus°); J.IV,20 (su°); VbhA.252 (°rajjukā).Cp.<i>vi° </i>&<i> pari°</i>.(Page 710),7,1
  12605. 399808,en,15,sibbitar,sibbitar,Sibbitar,Sibbitar,[n.ag.fr.<i>sīv</i>] one who sews M.III,126.(Page 711),8,1
  12606. 399828,en,15,sidana,sīdana,Sīdana,Sīdana,(nt.) [fr.sīdati] sinking Mhvs 30,54.(Page 712),6,1
  12607. 399840,en,15,sidati,sīdati,Sīdati,Sīdati,<i> </i>[<em>sad</em>,Idg.*si-ƶd-ō,redupl.formation like tiṣṭhati; cp.Lat.sīdo,Gr.i(/zw; Av.hidaiti.-- The Dhtp (50) gives the 3 meanings of “visaraṇa-gaty-avasādanesu”] to subside,sink; to yield,give way S.I,53; Sn.939 (=saṁsīdati osīdati Nd<sup>2</sup> 420); It.71; Mhvs 35,35; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>sīdare</i> J.II,393; Pot.<i>sīde</i> It.71; fut.<i>sīdissati:</i> see ni°.-- pp.<i>sanna</i>.-- Caus.<i>sādeti</i> (q.v.); Caus.II.<i>sīdāpeti</i> to cause to sink Sdhp.43.-- Cp.ni°,vi°.(Page 712),6,1
  12608. 399850,en,15,siddha,siddha,Siddha,Siddha,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of sijjhati] ended,accomplished Mhvs 23,45,78; successful Miln.247.-- (m.) a kind of semi-divine beings possessed of supernatural faculties,a magician Miln.120,267 [cp.Sk.siddha Halāyudha 1,87; Yogasūtra 3,33; Aufrecht remarks:“This is a post-vedic mythological fiction formed on the analogy of sādhya”].<br><br> <i>--attha</i> one who has completed his task Miln.214.(Page 709),6,1
  12609. 399851,en,15,siddha,siddha,Siddha,Siddha,<sup>1</sup> [a specific Pali formation fr.sijjati (<i>svid</i>) in meaning “to cook,” in analogy to siddha<sup>2</sup>] boiled,cooked J.II,435 (=pakka); V,201 (°bhojana); Miln.272; SnA 27 (°bhatta=pakk’odana of Sn.18).(Page 709),6,1
  12610. 399869,en,15,siddhatthaka,siddhatthaka,Siddhatthaka,Siddhatthaka,[Sk.siddhārthaka] white mustard ThA.181 (Ap.V,24); J.III,225; VI,537; DhA.II,273 (in Kisāgotamī story).(Page 709),12,1
  12611. 399881,en,15,siddhi,siddhi,Siddhi,Siddhi,(f.) [fr.<em>sidh</em>,Vedic siddhi] accomplishment,success,prosperity Mhvs 29,70; Sdhp.14,17,325,469; PvA.63 (attha° advantage); padasiddhi substantiation of the meaning of the word DA.I,66; cp.sadda°.(Page 709),6,1
  12612. 399886,en,15,siddhika,siddhika,Siddhika,Siddhika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.siddhi] connected with success; nāmasiddhika who thinks luck goes by names J.I,401; appasiddhika unprofitable,fatal,etc.J.IV,4,5 (sāgara); VI,34 (samudda).(Page 709),8,1
  12613. 399909,en,15,sigala,sigāla,Sigāla,Sigāla,(śṛ°) [cp.Vedic sṛgāla; as loan-word in English= jackal] a jackal D.II,295; III,24 sq.; A.I,187; S.II,230,271; IV,177 sq.(text singāla); IV,199; J.I,502; III,532 (Pūtimaṁsa by name).-- <i>sigālī</i> (f.) a female jackal J.I,336; II,108; III,333 (called Māyāvī); Miln.365.-- See also <i>siṅgāla</i>.(Page 708),6,1
  12614. 399922,en,15,sigalika,sigālika,Sigālika,Sigālika,(adj.) [fr.sigāla] belonging to a jackal J.II,108; III,113 (°aṁ nādaṁ,cp.segalikaṁ A.I,187,where the Copenhagen MS.has sigālakaṁ corrected to segālakaṁ).-- (nt.) a jackal’s roar (sigālakaṁ nadati) D.III,25.Cp.<i>segālaka</i>.(Page 708),8,1
  12615. 399931,en,15,siggu,siggu,Siggu,Siggu,(nt.) [cp.Vedic śigru,N.of a tribe; as a tree in Suśruta] name of a tree (Hyperanthera moringa) J.III,161; V,406.(Page 709),5,1
  12616. 399940,en,15,sigha,sīgha,Sīgha,Sīgha,(adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.śīghra] quick,rapid,swift M.I,120; A.I,45; Dh.29; Pug.42; <i>°-gāmin</i> walking quickly Sn.381; sīghasota swiftly running D.II,132; A.II,199; Sn.319; <i>°-vāhana</i> swift (as horses) J.VI,22; cp.adv.<i>sīghataraṁ</i> Miln.82; <i>sīghaṁ</i> (adv.) quickly Miln.147; VvA.6; VbhA.256; usually redupl.<i>sīgha-sīghaṁ</i> very quickly J.I,103; PvA.4.(Page 711),5,1
  12617. 399969,en,15,siha,sīha,Sīha,Sīha,[Vedic siṁha] 1.a lion D.II,255; S.I,16; A.II,33,245; III,121; Sn.72; J.I,165; Miln.400; Nd<sup>2</sup> 679 (=migarājā); VbhA.256,398 (with pop.etym.“sahanato ca hananato ca sīho ti vuccati”); J.V,425 (women like the lion); KhA 140; often used as an epithet of the Buddha A.II,24; III,122; S.I,28; It.123; fem.<i>sīhī</i> lioness J.II,27; III,149,and <i>sīhinī</i> Miln.67.<br><br> <i>--āsana</i> a throne Mhvs 5,62; 25,98.<i>--kuṇḍala</i> “lion’s ear-ring,” a very precious ear-ring J.V,348; SnA 138; also as °mukha-kuṇḍala at J.V,438.<i>--camma</i> lion’s hide A.IV,393.<i>--tela</i> “lion-oil,” a precious oil KhA 198.<i>--nāda</i> a lion’s roar,the Buddha’s preaching,a song of ecstasy,a shout of exultation “halleluiah” A.II,33; M.I,71; D.I,161,175; S.II,27,55; J 119; Miln.22; DhA.II,43,178; VbhA.398; (=seṭṭha-nāda abhīta-nāda); SnA 163,203.<i>--nādika</i> one who utters a lion’s roar,a song of ecstasy A.I,23.<i>--pañjara</i> a window J.I,304; II,31; DhA.I,191.<i>--papātaka</i> “lion’s cliff,” N.of one of the great lakes in the Himavā SnA 407 and passim.<i>--piṭṭhe</i> on top of the lion J.II,244.<i>--potaka</i> a young lion J.III,149.<i>--mukha</i> “lion’s mouth,” an ornament at the side of the nave of the king’s chariot KhA 172.See also °kuṇḍala.<i>--ratha</i> a chariot drawn by lions Miln.121.<i>--vikkīḷita</i> the lion’s play,the attitude of the Buddhas and Arahants Nett 2,4,7,124.<i>--seyyā</i> lying like a lion,on the right side D.II,134; A.I,114; II,40,244; J.I,119,330; VbhA.345; DhA.I,357.<i>--ssara</i> having a voice like a lion J.V,284,296 etc.(said of a prince).<i>--hanu</i> having a jaw like a lion,of a Buddha D.III,144,175; Bu XIII,1=J.I,38.(Page 714),4,1
  12618. 399999,en,15,sihala,sīhaḷa,Sīhaḷa,Sīhaḷa,Ceylon; (adj.) Singhalese Mhvs 7,44 sq.; 37,62; 37,175; Dhvs 9,1; KhA 47,50,78; SnA 30,53 sq.,397.<i>--°kuddāla</i> a Singhalese hoe Vism.255; VbhA.238; <i>--°dīpa</i> Ceylon J.VI,30; DhsA.103; DA.I,1; KhA 132; <i>--°bhāsā</i> Singhalese (language) DA.I,1; Tikp 259.See Dict.of Names.(Page 714),6,1
  12619. 400008,en,15,sihalaka,sīhaḷaka,Sīhaḷaka,Sīhaḷaka,(adj.) [fr.last] Singhalese SnA 397.(Page 714),8,1
  12620. 400077,en,15,sijjati,sijjati,Sijjati,Sijjati,<i> </i>[<em>svid</em>,Epic Sk.svidyate] to boil (intr.),to sweat; ppr.<i>sijjamāna</i> boiling J.I,503; Caus.<i>sedeti</i> (q.v.).The Dhtp 162 gives “<i>pāka</i>” as meaning of <em>sid</em>.-- pp.<i>sinna</i> (wet) &#38; <i>siddha<sup>1</sup></i> (cooked).(Page 709),7,1
  12621. 400088,en,15,sijjhati,sijjhati,Sijjhati,Sijjhati,<i> </i>[<em>sidh</em><i>;</i> Epic Sk.sidhyate.The Dhtp gives 2 roots <em>sidh</em>,viz.one as “gamana” (170),the other as “saṁsidhi” (419)] to succeed,to be accomplished,to avail,suit SnA 310; PvA.58,113,254 (inf.sijjhituṁ).-- pp.<i>siddha</i>.(Page 709),8,1
  12622. 400103,en,15,sikata,sikatā,Sikatā,Sikatā,(f.) [cp.Sk.sikatā] sand,gravel; suvaṇṇa° gold dust A.I,253.(Page 708),6,1
  12623. 400110,en,15,sikayasa-maya,sikāyasa-maya,Sikāyasa-maya,Sikāyasa-maya,(adj.) [made of tempered steel (said of swords) J.VI,449 (cp.Note of the trsl<sup>n</sup> p.546).(Page 708),13,1
  12624. 400115,en,15,sikha,sikhā,Sikhā,Sikhā,(f.) [Vedic śikhā] point,edge M.I,104; crest,topknot DA.I,89; J.V,406; of a flame Dh.308; DhsA.124; of fire (aggi°) Sn.703; J.V,213; (dhūma°) J.VI,206; of a ray of light J.I,88; in the corn trade,the pyramid of corn at the top of the measuring vessel DA.I,79; <i>°-bandha</i> top-knot D.I,7; <i>vātasikhā</i> (tikkhā a raging blast) J.III,484; <i>susikha</i> (adj.) with a beautiful crest Th.1,211 (mora),1136.(Page 708),5,1
  12625. 400134,en,15,sikhandin,sikhaṇḍin,Sikhaṇḍin,Sikhaṇḍin,(adj.-n.) [Sk.śikhaṇḍin] 1.tufted,crested (as birds); J.V,406; VI,539; Th.1,1103 (mayūra); with tonsured hair (as ascetics) J.III,311.-- 2.a peacock J.V,406; VvA.163.(Page 708),9,1
  12626. 400141,en,15,sikhara,sikhara,Sikhara,Sikhara,[cp.Sk.śikhara] the top,summit of a mountain J.VI,519; Miln.2; a peak DhA.III,364 (°thūpiyo or °thūpikāyo peaked domes); the point or edge of a sword M.I,243; S.IV,56; crest,tuft J.II,99; (this is a very difficult reading; it is explained by the C.by sundara (elegant); Trenckner suggests singāra,cp.II.98); a bud Th.2,382.(Page 708),7,1
  12627. 400149,en,15,sikharini,sikhariṇī,Sikhariṇī,Sikhariṇī,(f.) [fr.last] a kind of woman (with certain defects of the pudendum) Vin.II,271; III,129 (text,°aṇī).(Page 708),9,1
  12628. 400166,en,15,sikhin,sikhin,Sikhin,Sikhin,(adj.) [fr.sikhā] crested,tufted Th.1,22 (mora); J.II,363 (f.°inī).Also name of (a) the fire J.I,215,288; (b) the peacock Sn.221,687.(Page 708),6,1
  12629. 400171,en,15,sikka,sikkā,Sikkā,Sikkā,(f.) [cp.Sk.śikyā] string,string of a balance Vin.II,110; 131,J.I,9; II,399; III,13 (text sikkhā); VI,242; VvA.244 (muttā° string of pearls); Kvu 336 sq.(Page 708),5,1
  12630. 400182,en,15,sikkha,sikkhā,Sikkhā,Sikkhā,(f.) [Vedic śikṣā] 1.study,training,discipline Vin.III,23; D.I,181; A.I,238; S.II,50,131; V,378; Dhs.1004; VbhA.344 (various).-- sikkhaṁ paccakkhātaka one who has abandoned the precepts Vin.I,135,167; II,244 sq.(cp.sikkhā-paccakkhāna Vin.II,279,and sikkhaṁ apaccakkhāya Vin.III,24; S.IV,190; sikkhā apaccakkhātā,ibid.); tisso sikkhā S.III,83; Ps.I,46 sq.; Miln.133,237; Nd<sup>1</sup> 39; explained as adhisīla-,adhicitta-,and adhipaññā-sikkhā A.I,234 sq.; Nett 126; with the synonyms saṁvara,samādhi &#38; paññā at Vism.274.‹-› 2.(as one of the 6 Vedāṅgas) phonology or phonetics,comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>nirutti</i> (interpretation,etymology) DA.I,247=SnA 447.<br><br> <i>--ānisaṁsa</i> whose virtue is training,praise of discipline A.II,243; It.40 <i>--ânusantatavutti</i> whose behaviour is thoroughly in accordance with the discipline Nett 112.<i>--kāma</i> anxious for training Vin.I,44; D.II,101; S.V,154,163; A.I,24,238; °-tā anxiety for training J.I,161.<i>--samādāna</i> taking the precepts upon oneself Vin.I,146; Miln.162; A.I,238 sq.; IV,15; V,165.<i>--sājīva</i> system of training Vin.III,23 sq.; Pug.57.(Page 708),6,1
  12631. 400209,en,15,sikkhana,sikkhana,Sikkhana,Sikkhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>śikṣ</em>] training,study J.I,58.(Page 708),8,1
  12632. 400224,en,15,sikkhapada,sikkhāpada,Sikkhāpada,Sikkhāpada,(nt.) [sikkhā+pada,the latter in sense of pada 3.Cp.BSk.śikṣāpada] set of precepts,“preceptorial,” code of training; instruction,precept,rule.-- 1.in general:D.I,63,146,250; M.I,33; A.I,63,235 sq.; II,14,250 sq.; III,113,262; IV,152,290 sq.; S.II,224; V,187; Vin.I,102; II,95,258; III,177; IV,141 (sahadhammika),143 (khudd’ânukhuddakāni); It.96,118; VbhA.69 (bhesajja°); DhA.III,16.-- 2.in special:the 5 (or 10) rules of morality,or the precepts to be adopted in particular by one who is entering the Buddhist community either as a layman or an initiate.There seem to have been only 5 rules at first,which are the same as the first 5 sīlas (see sīla 2 b):S.II,167; Vbh.285 (expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at VbhA.381 sq.); DhA.I,32 and passim.To these were added another 5,so as to make the whole list (the <i>dasasikkhāpadaṁ</i> or °padāni) one of 10 (which are not the 10 sīlas!).These are (6) <i>vikāla-bhojanā</i> (-veramaṇī) not eating at the wrong hour; (7) <i>nacca-gītavādita-visūka-dassanā°</i> to avoid worldly amusements; (8) <i>mālā-gandha-vilepana-dhāraṇa-maṇḍana-vibhūsanaṭṭhānā°</i> to use neither unguents nor ornaments; (9) <i>uccā-sayana-mahā-sayanā°</i> not to sleep on a high,big bed; (10) <i>jātarūpa rajata-paṭiggahaṇā°</i> not to accept any gold or silver:Vin.I,83=Kh II.; A.I,211,and frequently.-- <i>dasa-sikkhāpadikā</i> (f.) conforming to the 10 obligations (of a nun) Vin.IV,343 (=sāmaṇerī).There is nowhere any mention of the 8 sikkhāpadas as such,but they are called <i>aṭṭhaṅgika uposatha</i> (see sīla 2b),e.g.Mhvs 37,202.-- <i>diyaḍḍha-sikkhāpada-sata</i> the 150 precepts,i.e.the Pāṭimokkha A.I,230,234; Miln.243.(Page 708),10,1
  12633. 400240,en,15,sikkhapaka,sikkhāpaka,Sikkhāpaka,Sikkhāpaka,(adj.) [fr.sikkhāpeti] teaching PvA.252; Miln.164.(Page 708),10,1
  12634. 400244,en,15,sikkhapana,sikkhāpana,Sikkhāpana,Sikkhāpana,(nt.) [fr.sikkhāpeti] teaching Miln.163.(Page 708),10,1
  12635. 400248,en,15,sikkhapanaka,sikkhāpanaka,Sikkhāpanaka,Sikkhāpanaka,teaching J.I,432.(Page 708),12,1
  12636. 400267,en,15,sikkhati,sikkhati,Sikkhati,Sikkhati,[Vedic śikṣati; Desid.to <em>śak</em><i>:</i> see sakkoti.-- The Dhtp (12) gives “vijj’opādāna” as meaning] 1.to learn,to train oneself (=ghaṭati vāyamati Vism.274); usually combined with the locative,thus sikkhā-padesu s.to train oneself in the Sikkhāpadas D.I,63,250; Vin.I,84; It.96,118; also with the dative,indicating the purpose; thus vinayāya s.to train oneself to give up Sn.974; the thing acquired by training is also put in the accusative; thus nibbānaṁ s.to learn,to train oneself towards Nibbāna Sn.940,1061; Miln.10; Pot.sikkheyyāsi Miln.10; sikkheyyāma D.II,245; sikkhema Sn.898; sikkhe Sn.974; sikkheyya Sn.930.Fut.<i>sikkhissāmi</i> Vin.IV,141; sikkhissāmase Sn.814; ppr.sikkhanto Sn.657; ppr.med.<i>sikkhamāna</i> training oneself Vin.IV,141; D.II,241; It.104,121; sikkhamānā (f.) a young woman undergoing a probationary course of training in order to become a nun Vin.I,135,139,145,147,167; IV,121; A.III,276; S.II,261; grd.<i>sikkhitabba</i> Vin.I,83; J.VI,296; M.I,123; D.II,138; Miln.10; &#38; <i>sikkha</i> that ought to be learnt Miln.10; inf.<i>sikkhituṁ</i> Vin.I,84,270; ger.<i>sikkhitvā</i> Miln.219.-- 2.to want to overcome,to try,tempt D.II,245.-- pp.sikkhita.‹-› Caus.II.<i>sikkhāpeti</i> to teach,to train J.I,162,187,257; DA.I,261; Miln.32; PvA.3,4.(Page 708),8,1
  12637. 400287,en,15,sikkhita,sikkhita,Sikkhita,Sikkhita,[pp.of sikkhati] trained,taught Vin.IV,343 (°sikkha,adj.,trained in ...; chasu dhammesu); Miln.40; PvA.263 (°sippa).(Page 708),8,1
  12638. 400313,en,15,sila,silā,Silā,Silā,(f.) [cp.Sk.śilā] a stone,rock Vin.I,28; S.IV,312 sq.; Vin 445; DA.I,154; J.V,68; Vism.230 (in comparison); VbhA.64 (var.kinds); a precious stone,quartz Vin.II,238; Miln.267,380; Vv 84<sup>15</sup> (=phalika° VvA.339); pada-silā a flag-stone Vin.II,121,154.Cp.<i>sela</i>.<br><br> <i>--uccaya</i> a mountain A.III,346; Th.1,692; J.I,29; VI,272,278; Dāvs.V,63.<i>--guḷa</i> a ball of stone,a round stone M.III,94.<i>--tthambha (sila°)</i> stone pillar Mhvs 15,173.<i>--paṭimā</i> stone image J.IV,95.<i>--paṭṭa</i> a slab of stone,a stone bench J.I,59; VI,37 (maṅgala°); SnA 80,117.<i>--pākāra</i> stone wall Vin.II,153.<i>--maya</i> made of stone J.VI,269,270; Mhvs 33,22; 36,104.<i>--yūpa</i> a stone column S.V,445; A.IV,404; Mhvs 28,2.<i>--santhāra</i> stone floor Vin.II,120.(Page 711),4,1
  12639. 400329,en,15,sila,sīla,Sīla,Sīla,(nt.) [cp.Sk.śīla.It is interesting to note that the Dhtp puts down a root <em>sīl</em> in meaning of <i>samādhi</i> (No.268) and <i>upadhāraṇa</i> (615)] 1.nature,character,habit,behaviour; usually as --° in adj.function “being of such a nature,” like,having the character of ...,e.g.<i>adāna°</i> of stingy character,illiberal Sn.244; PvA.68 (+maccharin); <i>kiṁ°</i> of what behaviour? Pv.II,9<sup>13</sup>; <i>keḷi°</i> tricky PvA.241; <i>damana°</i> one who conquers PvA.251; <i>parisuddha°</i> of excellent character A.III,124; <i>pāpa°</i> wicked Sn.246; <i>bhaṇana°</i> wont to speak DhA.IV,93; <i>vāda°</i> quarrelsome Sn.381 sq.-- <i>dussīla</i> (of) bad character D.III,235; Dhs.1327; Pug.20,53; Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup> (noun); II,9<sup>69</sup> (adj.); DhA.II,252; IV,3; Sdhp.338; Miln.257; opp.<i>susīla</i> S.I,141.-- 2.moral practice,good character,Buddhist ethics,code of morality.(a) The <i>dasa-sīla</i> or 10 items of good character (not “commandments”) are (1) <i>pāṇâtipātā veramaṇī</i>,i.e.abstinence from taking life; (2) <i>adinn’ādānā</i> (from) taking what is not given to one; (3) <i>abrahmacariyā</i> adultery (oṭherwise called <i>kāmesu micchā-cārā</i>); (4) <i>musāvādā</i> telling lies; (5) <i>pisuna-vācāya</i> slander; (6) <i>pharusa-vācāya</i> harsh or impolite speech; (7) <i>samphappalāpā</i> frivolous and senseless talk; (8) <i>abhijjhāya</i> covetousness; (9) <i>byāpādā</i> malevolence; (10) <i>micchādiṭṭhiyā</i> heretic views.-- Of these 10 we sometimes find only the first 7 designated as “sīla” per se,or good character generally.See e.g.A.I,269 (where called sīla-sampadā); II,83 sq.(not called “sīla”), &#38; <i>sampadā</i>.-- (b) The <i>pañca-sīla</i> or 5 items of good behaviour are Nos.1--4 of dasa-sīla,and (5) abstaining from any state of indolence arising from (the use of) intoxicants,viz.surā-meraya-majjapamāda-ṭṭhānā veramaṇī.These five also from the first half of the 10 <i>sikkha-padāni</i>.They are a sort of preliminary condition to any higher development after conforming to the teaching of the Buddha (saraṇaṁgamana) and as such often mentioned when a new follower is “officially” installed,e.g.Bu II.190:saraṇâgamane kañci nivesesi Tathāgato kañci pañcasu sīlesu sīle dasavidhe paraṁ.From Pv IV.1<sup>76</sup> sq.(as also fr.Kh II.as following upon Kh I.) it is evident that the <i>sikkhāpadāni</i> are meant in this connection (either 5 or 10),and not the <i>sīlaṁ</i>,cp.also Pv IV.3<sup>50</sup> sq.,although at the above passage of Bu and at J.I,28 as well as at Mhvs 18,10 the expression <i>dasa-sīla</i> is used:evidently a later development of the term as regards dasa-sīla (cp.Mhvs trsl<sup>n</sup> 122,n.3),which through the identity of the 5 sīlas &#38; sikkhāpadas was transferred to the 10 sikkhāpadas.These 5 are often simply called <i>pañca dhammā</i>,e.g.at A.III,203 sq.,208 sq.Without a special title they are mentioned in connection with the “saraṇaṁ gata” formula e.g.at A.IV,266.Similarly the 10 sīlas (as above a) are only called <i>dhammā</i> at A.II,253 sq.; V,260; nor are they designated as <i>sīla</i> at A.II,221.-- pañcasu sīlesu samādapeti to instruct in the 5 sīlas (alias sikkhāpadāni) Vin.II,162.-- (c) The only standard enumerations of the 5 or 10 sīlas are found at two places in the Saṁyutta and correspond with those given in the Niddesa.See on the 10 (as given under a) S.IV,342 &#38; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.sīla; on the 5 (also as under b) S.II,68 &#38; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.The so-called 10 sīlas (Childers) as found at Kh II.(under the name of <i>dasa-sikkhāpada</i>) are of late origin &#38; served as memorial verses for the use of novices.Strictly speaking they should not be called <i>dasa-sīla</i>.-- The eightfold sīla or the eight pledges which are recommended to the Buddhist layman (cp.Miln.333 mentioned below) are the <i>sikkhāpadas</i> Nos.1--8 (see sikkhāpada),which in the Canon however do not occur under the name of <i>sīla</i> nor <i>sikkhāpada</i>,but as <i>aṭṭhaṅga-samannāgata uposatha</i> (or <i>aṭṭhaṅgika u</i>.) “the fast-day with its 8 constituents.” They are discussed in detail at A.IV,248 sq.,with a poetical setting of the eight at A.IV,254=Sn.400,401 -- (d) Three special tracts on morality are found in the Canon.The <i>Cullasīla</i> (D.I,3 sq.) consists first of the items (dasa) sīla 1-7; then follow specific injunctions as to practices of daily living &#38; special conduct,of which the first 5 (omitting the introductory item of bījagāma-bhūtagāma-samārambha) form the second 5 sikkhāpadāni.Upon the <i>Culla°</i> follows the <i>Majjhima°</i> (D.I,5 sq.) &#38; then the <i>Mahāsīla</i> D.I,9 sq.The whole of these 3 sīlas is called <i>sīlakkhandha</i> and is (in the Sāmaññaphala sutta e.g.) grouped with <i>samādhi-</i> and <i>paññākkhandha:</i> D.I,206 sq.; at A.V,205,206 sīla-kkhandha refers to the Culla-sīla only.The three (s.,samādhi &#38; paññā) are often mentioned together,e.g.D.II,81,84; It.51; DA.I,57.-- The characteristic of a kalyāṇa-mitta is endowment with <i>saddhā</i>,<i> sīla</i>,<i> cāga</i>,<i> paññā</i> A.IV,282.These four are counted as constituents of future bliss A.IV,282,and form the 4 sampadās ibid.322.In another connection at M.III,99; Vism.19.They are,with <i>suta</i> (foll.after sīla) characteristic of the merit of the <i>devatās</i> A.I,210 sq.(under devat’ânussati).-- At Miln.333 sīla is classed as:saraṇa°,pañca°,aṭṭhaṅga°,dasaṅga°,pātimokkhasaṁvara°,all of which expressions refer to the <i>sikkhāpadas</i> and not to the <i>sīlas</i>.-- At Miln.336 sq.<i>sīla</i> functions as one of the 7 <i>ratanas</i> (the 5 as given under sampadā up to vimuttiñāṇadassana; plus paṭisambhidā and bojjhaṅga).-- <i>cattāro sīlakkhandhā</i> “4 sections of morality” Miln.243; Vism.15 &#38; DhsA.168 (here as pātimokkha-saṁvara,indriya-saṁvara,ājīvapārisuddhi,paccaya-sannissita.The same with ref.to catubbidha sīla at J.III,195).See also under cpds.‹-› At Ps.I,46 sq.we find the fivefold grouping as (1) pāṇâtipatassa pahānaṁ,(2) veramaṇī,(3) cetanā,(4) saṁvara,(5) avītikkama,which is commented on at Vism.49.-- A fourfold sīla (referring to the sikkhāpada) is given at Vism.15 as bhikkhu°,bhikkhunī°,anupasampanna° gahaṭṭha°.-- On <i>sīla</i> and <i>adhisīla</i> see e.g.A.I,229 sq.; VbhA.413 sq.-- The division of <i>sīla</i> at J.III,195 is a distinction of a simple sīla as “saṁvara,” of twofold sīla as “<i>caritta-vāritta</i>,” threefold as “<i>kāyika</i>,<i> vācasika</i>,<i> mānasika</i>,” and fourfold as above under <i>cattāro sīlakkhandhā</i>.-- See further generally:Ps.I,42 sq.; Vism.3 sq.; Tikp 154,165 sq.,269,277; Nd<sup>1</sup> 14,188 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “pātimokkha-saṁvara”); Nd<sup>2</sup> p.277; VbhA.143.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> constituent of morality (applied to the pañcasikkhāpadaṁ) VbhA.381.<i>--ācāra</i> practice of morality J.I,187; II,3.<i>--kathā</i> exposition of the duties of morality Vin.I,15; A.I,125; J.I,188.<i>--kkhandha</i> all that belongs to moral practices,body of morality as forming the first constituent of the 5 khandhas or groups (+samādhi°,paññā°,vimutti°,ñāṇadassana-kkhandha),which make up the 5 sampadās or whole range of religious development; see e.g.Nd<sup>1</sup> 21,39; Nd<sup>2</sup> p.277.-- Vin.162 sq.; III,164; A.I,124,291; II,20; S.I,99 sq.; It.51,107; Nett 90 sq.,128; Miln.243; DhA.III,417.<i>--gandha</i> the fragrance of good works Dh.55; Vism.58.<i>--caraṇa</i> moral life J.IV,328,332.<i>--tittha</i> having good behaviour as its banks S.I,169,183 (trsl<sup>n</sup> Mrs.Rh.D.“with virtue’s strand for bathing”).<i>--bbata</i> [=vata<sup>2</sup>] good works and ceremonial observances Dh.271; A.I,225; S.IV,118; Ud.71; Sn.231,etc.; sīlavata the same Sn.212,782,790,797,803,899; It.79 sq.; °-parāmāsa the contagion of mere rule and ritual,the infatuation of good works,the delusion that they suffice Vin.I,184; M.I,433; Dhs.1005; A.III,377; IV,144 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 98; Dukp 245,282 sq.; DhsA.348; see also expl<sup>n</sup> at Cpd.171,n.4.‹-› <i>sīlabbatupādāna</i> grasping after works and rites D.II,58; Dhs.1005,1216; Vism.569; VbhA.181 sq.-- The old form <i>sīlavata</i> still preserves the original good sense,as much as “observing the rules of good conduct,” “being of virtuous behaviour.” Thus at Th.1,12; Sn.212,782 (expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at Nd<sup>1</sup> 66),790,797,803; It.79; J.VI,491 (ariya°).<i>--bheda</i> a breach of morality J.I,296.<i>--mattaka</i> a matter of mere morality D.I,3; DA.I,55.<i>--maya</i> consisting in morality It.51; VvA.10 (see maya,def<sup>n</sup> 6).<i>--vatta</i> morality,virtue S.I,143; cp.J.III,360.<i>--vipatti</i> moral transgression Vin.I,171 sq.; D.II,85; A.I,95; 268 sq.; III,252; Pug.21; Vism.54,57.<i>--vipanna</i> trespassing D.II,85; Pug.21; Vin.I,227.<i>--vīmaṁsaka</i> testing one’s reputation J.I,369; II,429; III,100,193.<i>--saṁvara</i> self-restraint in conduct D.I,69; Dhs.1342; DA.I,182.<i>--saṁvuta</i> living under moral self-restraint Dh.281.<i>--sampatti</i> accomplishment or attainment by moral living Vism.57.<i>--sampadā</i> practice of morality Vin.I,227; D.II,86; M.I,194,201 sq.; A.I,95,269 sq.,II.66; Pug.25,54.<i>--sampanna</i> practising morality,virtuous Vin.I,228; D.I,63; II,86; M.I,354; Th.2,196; ThA.168; DA.I,182.(Page 712),4,1
  12640. 400356,en,15,silabhu,silābhu,Silābhu,Silābhu,(nt.) a whip snake J.VI,194 (=nīlapaṇṇavaṇṇasappa).(Page 711),7,1
  12641. 400389,en,15,silaghati,silāghati,Silāghati,Silāghati,[Epic Sk.<em>ślāgh</em>] to extol,only in Dhtp 30 as root <em>silāgh</em>,with def<sup>n</sup> “katthana,” i.e.boasting.(Page 711),9,1
  12642. 400477,en,15,silata,sīlatā,Sīlatā,Sīlatā,(f.) (-°) [abstr.fr.sīla] character(istic),nature,capacity DhA.III,272.(Page 713),6,1
  12643. 400498,en,15,silavant,sīlavant,Sīlavant,Sīlavant,(adj.) [sīla+vant] virtuous,observing the moral precepts D.III,77,259 sq.,285; A.I,150; II,58,76; III,206 sq.,262 sq.; IV,290 sq.,314 sq.; V,10 sq.,71 sq.; Vism.58; DA.I,286; Tikp 279.-- Nom.sg.sīlavā D.I,114; S.I,166; It.63; Pug.26,53; J.I,187; Acc.--vantaṁ Vin.III,133; Sn.624; Instr.--vatā S.III,167; Gen.--vato S.IV,303; Nom.pl.--vanto Pug.13; Dhs.1328; Nett 191; Acc.pl.--vante J.I,187; Instr.--vantehi D.II,80; Gen.pl.--vantānaṁ M.I,334; Gen.pl.--vataṁ Dh.56; J.I,144; f.<i>--vatī</i> D.II,12; Th.2,449.compar.<i>--vantatara</i> J.II,3.(Page 713),8,1
  12644. 400540,en,15,silesa,silesa,Silesa,Silesa,[fr.<em>śliṣ</em>] junction,embrace; a rhetoric figure,riddle,puzzle,pun J.V,445 (silesūpamā said of women=purisānaṁ cittabandhanena silesasadisā,ibid.447).(Page 711),6,1
  12645. 400554,en,15,silesuma,silesuma,Silesuma,Silesuma,(nt.) [Sk.śleṣman,fr.<em>śliṣ</em>.This the diæretic form for the usual contracted form semha] phlegm Pv.II,2<sup>3</sup> (=semha PvA.80).(Page 711),8,1
  12646. 400565,en,15,silika,sīlika,Sīlika,Sīlika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.sīla]=sīlin J.VI,64.(Page 713),6,1
  12647. 400570,en,15,silin,sīlin,Sīlin,Sīlin,(adj.) [fr.sīla] having a disposition or character; ariyasīlin having the virtue of an Ārya D.I,115; DA.I,286; niddāsīlin drowsy,Sn.96; vuddhasīlin increased in virtue D.I,114; sabhāsīlin fond of society Sn.96.(Page 713),5,1
  12648. 400580,en,15,silittha,siliṭṭha,Siliṭṭha,Siliṭṭha,[cp.Sk.śliṣṭa,pp.of <em>śliṣ</em> to clasp,to which śleṣman slime=P.silesuma &#38; semha.The Dhtp (443) expl<sup>d</sup> <i>silis</i> by “ālingana”] adhering,connected A.I,103; DA.I,91; J.III,154; DhsA.15; Sdhp.489 (a°).(Page 711),8,1
  12649. 400584,en,15,silitthata,siliṭṭhatā,Siliṭṭhatā,Siliṭṭhatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.siliṭṭha] adherence,adhesion,junction Nd<sup>2</sup> 137 (byañjana°,of “iti”).(Page 711),10,1
  12650. 400590,en,15,siliya,sīliya,Sīliya,Sīliya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.sīla,Sk.śīlya for śailya] conduct,behaviour,character; said of bad behaviour,e.g.J.III,74=IV.71; emphasized as <i>dussīlya</i>,e.g.S.V,384; A.I,105; V,145 sq.; opp.<i>sādhu-sīliya</i> J.II,137 (=sundara-sīla-bhāva C.).(Page 713),6,1
  12651. 400597,en,15,siloka,siloka,Siloka,Siloka,[Vedic śloka Dhtp 8:<em>silok</em>=saṅghāta] fame D.II,223,255; M.I,192; S.II,226 (lābha-sakkāra°); A.II,26,143; Sn.438; Vin.I,183; J.IV,223 (=kitti-vaṇṇa); Miln.325; SnA 86 (°bhaṇana,i.e.recitation); pāpasiloka having a bad reputation Vin.IV,239; <i>asiloka</i> blame A.IV,364 (°bhaya); J.VI,491.-- 2.a verse Miln.71; J.V,387.(Page 711),6,1
  12652. 400605,en,15,silokavant,silokavant,Silokavant,Silokavant,(adj.) [siloka+vant] famous M.I,200.(Page 711),10,1
  12653. 400622,en,15,silutta,silutta,Silutta,Silutta,a rat snake J.VI,194 (=gharasappa).(Page 711),7,1
  12654. 400633,en,15,sima,sīmā,Sīmā,Sīmā,(f.) [cp.Sk.sīmā] boundary,limit,parish Vin.I,106 sq.,309,340; Nd<sup>1</sup> 99 (four); DhA.IV,115 (mālaka°); antosīmaṁ within the boundary Vin.I,132,167; ekasīmāya within one boundary,in the same parish J.I,425; nissīmaṁ outside the boundary Vin.I,122,132; bahisīmagata gone outside the boundary Vin.I,255.bhinnasīma transgressing the bounds (of decency) Miln.122.-- In comp<sup>n</sup> <i>sīma° </i>&<i> sīmā°</i>.<br><br> <i>--anta</i> a boundary Mhvs 25,87; sin Sn.484; J.IV,311.<i>--antarikā</i> the interval between the boundaries J.I,265; Vism.74.<i>--âtiga</i> transgressing the limits of sin,conquering sin Sn.795; Nd<sup>1</sup> 99.<i>--kata</i> bounded,restricted Nd<sup>2</sup> p.153 (cp.pariyanta).<i>--ṭṭha</i> dwelling within the boundary Vin.I,255.<i>--samugghāta</i> removal,abolish‹-› ing,of a boundary Mhvs 37,33.<i>--sambheda</i> mixing up of the boundary lines Vism.193,307,315.(Page 712),4,1
  12655. 400657,en,15,simantini,sīmantinī,Sīmantinī,Sīmantinī,(f.) a woman J.IV,310; VI,142.(Page 712),9,1
  12656. 400685,en,15,simbali,simbali,Simbali,Simbali,(f.) [cp.Vedic śimbala flower of the B.,cp.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 109] the silk-cotton tree Bombax heptaphyllum J.I,203; III,397; Vism.206; DhA.I,279.<i>°-vana</i> a forest of simbali trees J.I,202; II,162 (s.°-pālibhaddaka-vana); IV,277.sattisimbalivana the sword forest,in purgatory J.V,453.(Page 711),7,1
  12657. 400708,en,15,simsaka,siṁsaka,Siṁsaka,Siṁsaka,(nt.) [Sk.śīrṣaka?] name of a water plant J.VI,536 (C.not correct).(Page 707),7,1
  12658. 400711,en,15,simsapa,siṁsapā,Siṁsapā,Siṁsapā,(f.) [cp.Vedic śiṁśapā] the tree Dalbergia sisu (a strong &#38; large tree) S.V,437; Siṁsapā-groves (s.-vanā) are mentioned near Āḷavi A.I,136; near Setavyā D.II,316 sq.; DhA.I,71; VvA.297; and near Kosambi S.V,437.(Page 708),7,1
  12659. 400719,en,15,simsati,siṁsati,Siṁsati,Siṁsati,<sup>2</sup> is Desiderative of <i>sarati<sup>1</sup></i>.<i> --Siṁsati</i> “to neigh” at J.V,304 is to be read <i>hiṁsati</i> (for <i>hesati</i>,q.v.).(Page 708),7,1
  12660. 400720,en,15,simsati,siṁsati,Siṁsati,Siṁsati,<sup>1</sup><i> </i>[<em>śaṁs</em>] to hope for Dhtp 296 (def.as “icchā”); only in cpd.<i>ā°</i> (q.v.).(Page 708),7,1
  12661. 400730,en,15,sina,sīna,Sīna,Sīna,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of sīyati; Sk.śīna] congealed; cold,frosty M.I,79.(Page 712),4,1
  12662. 400731,en,15,sina,sīna,Sīna,Sīna,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of <em>śṛ</em> to crush; Sk.śīrṇa] fallen off,destroyed Miln.117 (°patta leafless); J.II,163 (°patta,so read for sīta°).See also <i>saṁsīna</i>.(Page 712),4,1
  12663. 400741,en,15,sinana,sināna,Sināna,Sināna,(nt.) [fr.<em>snā</em>] bathing M.I,39; S.I,38,43; IV,118; Nd<sup>2</sup> 39; Vism.17; VbhA.337.(Page 710),6,1
  12664. 400747,en,15,sinani,sinānī,Sinānī,Sinānī,(f.) bath-powder (?) M.II,46,151,182.(Page 710),6,1
  12665. 400751,en,15,sinata,sināta,Sināta,Sināta,[pp.of sināti] bathed,bathing M.I,39; S.I,169= 183; J.V,330.(Page 710),6,1
  12666. 400753,en,15,sinati,siṇāti,Siṇāti,Siṇāti,see <i>seyyati</i>.(Page 709),6,1
  12667. 400756,en,15,sinati,sināti,Sināti,Sināti,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic snāti,<em>snā</em>.For detail see nahāyati.The Dhtp 426 gives root <i>sinā</i> in meaning “soceyya,” i.e.cleaning] to bathe; imper.sināhi M.I,39; inf.sināyituṁ M.I,39; aor.sināyi Ap 204.-- pp.<i>sināta</i>.(Page 710),6,1
  12668. 400757,en,15,sinati,sināti,Sināti,Sināti,<sup>1</sup> (to bind):see <i>sinoti</i>.(Page 710),6,1
  12669. 400769,en,15,sincaka,siñcaka,Siñcaka,Siñcaka,[fr.siñcati] watering,one who waters Vv 79<sup>7</sup> (amba°).(Page 709),7,1
  12670. 400777,en,15,sincanaka,siñcanaka,Siñcanaka,Siñcanaka,(adj.) [fr.siñcati] sprinkling (water) SnA 66 (vāta).(Page 709),9,1
  12671. 400784,en,15,sincati,siñcati,Siñcati,Siñcati,<i> </i>[<em>sic</em>,cp.Av.hinčaiti to pour; Lat.siat “urinate,” Ags.sēon; Ohg.sīhan,Ger.ver-siegen; Gr.i)kmaζ wet; Goth saiws=E.sea.-- Dhtp 377:kkharaṇe] 1.to spriṅkle J.III,144; V,26; Mhvs 37,203; SnA 66.-- 2.to bale out a ship Sn.771; Dh.369.inf.siñcituṁ J.VI,583; pass.<i>siccati</i> Th.1,50 (all MSS.siñcati); imper.siñca Dh.369; ppr.med.siñcamāna Mhvs 37,203; ger.sitvā Sn.771=Nett 6; pp.<i>sitta</i>.-- Caus.<i>seceti</i> to cause to sprinkle Mhvs 34,45; Caus.II.<i>siñcāpeti</i> J.II,20,104.‹-› Cp.pari°.(Page 709),7,1
  12672. 400803,en,15,sindhava,sindhava,Sindhava,Sindhava,[Sk.saindhava] belonging to the Sindh,a Sindh horse J.I,175; II,96; III,278; V,259; DhA.IV,4 (=Sin‹-› dhava-raṭṭhe jatā assā); (nt.) rock salt Vin.I,202; Sindhavaraṭṭha the Sindh country ThA.270; J.V,260.(Page 710),8,1
  12673. 400810,en,15,sindhavara,sindhavāra,Sindhavāra,Sindhavāra,see sinduvāra.(Page 710),10,1
  12674. 400840,en,15,sindi,sindī,Sindī,Sindī,(f.) [etym.?] N.of a tree Vism.183,where KhA 49 in id.passage reads <i>khajjūrikā</i>.See also Abhp 603; Deśīn VIII,29.(Page 710),5,1
  12675. 400853,en,15,sinduvara,sinduvāra,Sinduvāra,Sinduvāra,[Sk.sinduvāra] the tree Vitex negundo DA.I,252; DhsA.14,317; also spelt <i>sindhavāra</i> VvA.177; <i>sinduvārikā</i> J.VI,269; <i>sindhuvāritā</i> (i.e.sinduvārikā?) J.VI,550=553; <i>sinduvārita</i> J.IV,440,442 (v.l.°vārakā).(Page 710),9,1
  12676. 400865,en,15,sineha,sineha,Sineha,Sineha, &#38; sneha [fr.<em>snih</em>] Both forms occur without distinction; <i>sneha</i> more frequently (as archaic) in poetry.‹-› A.<i>sineha</i>:1.viscous liquid,unctuous moisture,sap S.I,134; A.I,223 sq.; J.I,108; Dhs.652 (=sinehana DhsA.335); Vism.262 (thīna°=meda; vilīna°=vasā).-- 2.fat J.II,44 (bahu°); VbhA.67.-- 3.affection,love,desire,lust J.I,190; II,27; PvA.82.-- B.<i>sneha</i>:1.(oily liquid) D.I,74; Pv III,5<sup>2</sup> (aṅguṭṭha°,something like milk; expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>khīra</i> PvA.198).-- 2.(affection) A.II,10; S.IV,188 (kāma°); Sn.36,209,943 (=chanda,pema,rāga,Nd<sup>1</sup> 426); J.IV,11.<br><br> <i>--anvaya</i> following an affection Sn.36.<i>--gata</i> anything moist or oily A.III,394 sq.; DhsA.335.<i>--ja</i> sprung from affection Sn.272; S.I,207.<i>--bindu</i> a drop of oil Vism.263.<i>--virecana</i> an oily purgative J.III,48.(Page 710),6,1
  12677. 400873,en,15,sinehaka,sinehaka,Sinehaka,Sinehaka,a friend Mhvs 36,44.(Page 710),8,1
  12678. 400879,en,15,sinehana,sinehana,Sinehana,Sinehana,(nt.) oiling,softening Miln.229; DhsA.335.‹-› Cp.senehika.(Page 710),8,1
  12679. 400882,en,15,sinehaniya,sinehaniya,Sinehaniya,Sinehaniya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.sinehana] softening,oily; <i>°āni bhesajjāni</i> softening medicines Miln.172 (opp.lekhaniyāni).(Page 710),10,1
  12680. 400899,en,15,sinehita,sinehita,Sinehita,Sinehita,[pp.of sineheti] lustful,covetous Dh.341; DhA.IV,49.(Page 710),8,1
  12681. 400917,en,15,singa,siṅga,Siṅga,Siṅga,<sup>2</sup> the young of an animal,calf J.V,92; cp.Deśīnāmamālā VIII,31.(Page 709),5,1
  12682. 400918,en,15,singa,siṅga,Siṅga,Siṅga,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic śṛnga,cp.Gr.kaρnon,kraggw/n; Lat.cornu=E.horn] a horn J.I,57,149,194; IV,173 (of a cow); Vism.106; VvhA 476.<br><br> <i>--dhanu</i> horn-bow DhA.I,216.<i>--dhamaka</i> blowing a horn Miln.31.(Page 709),5,1
  12683. 400927,en,15,singala,siṅgāla,Siṅgāla,Siṅgāla,variant reading instead of sigāla S.II,231 etc.; Vism.196; Pv III,5<sup>2</sup>.(Page 709),7,1
  12684. 400946,en,15,singara,siṅgāra,Siṅgāra,Siṅgāra,[cp.Sk.śṛngāra] erotic sentiment; <i>siṅgāratā</i> (f.) fondness of decorations J.I,184; an elegant dress,finery Miln.2; (adj.) elegant,graceful (thus read) J.II,99; singāra-bhāva being elegant or graceful (said of a horse) J.II,98.(Page 709),7,1
  12685. 400963,en,15,singhanika,siṅghāṇikā,Siṅghāṇikā,Siṅghāṇikā,(f.) [Sk.siṅghāṇaka] mucus of the nose,snot D.II,293; M.I,187; Sn.196--198=J.I,148 (all MSS.of both books --n- instead of --ṇ-); Miln.154,382; Pv.II,2<sup>3</sup>; Vism.264 &#38; 362 (in detail); DhA.I,50; VbhA.68,247.(Page 709),10,1
  12686. 400974,en,15,singhataka,siṅghāṭaka,Siṅghāṭaka,Siṅghāṭaka,[cp.Sk.śṛngāṭaka; fr.śṛnga] (m.and n.) 1.a square,a place where four roads meet Vin.I,237,287,344; IV,271; D.I,83; A.II,241; IV,187,376; S.I,212; II,128; IV,194; Miln.62,330,365; DhA.I,317.<i>aya-s°</i> perhaps an iron ring (in the shape of a square or triangle) M.I,393; J.V,45.-- 2.a water plant (Trapa bispinosa?) J.VI,530,563.(Page 709),10,1
  12687. 400984,en,15,singhati,siṅghati,Siṅghati,Siṅghati,[<em>siṅgh</em>,given as “ghāyana” at Dhtp 34] to sniff,to get scent of S.I,204=J.III,308; DA.I,38.Cp.upa°.(Page 709),8,1
  12688. 400996,en,15,singi,siṅgī,Siṅgī,Siṅgī, &#38; siṅgi (f.) [cp.Sk.śṛngī] 1.gold Vin.I,38; S.II,234; J.I,84.-- 2.“ginger” in sense of “dainties,sweets” J.IV,352 (=singiver’ādika uttaribhaṅga C.; cp.Tamil iñji ginger).<br><br> <i>--nada</i> gold Vv 64<sup>28</sup>; VvA.284.<i>--loṇa (--kappa)</i> license as to ginger &#38; salt Vin.II,300,306.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> goldcoloured D.II,133.<i>--suvaṇṇa</i> gold VvA.167.(Page 709),5,1
  12689. 401003,en,15,singika,siṅgika,Siṅgika,Siṅgika,(adj.) [fr.singa<sup>1</sup>] having horns J.VI,354 (āvelita-° having twisted horns).(Page 709),7,1
  12690. 401006,en,15,singila,siṅgila,Siṅgila,Siṅgila,a kind of horned bird J.III,73; DhA.III,22 (v.l.singala).(Page 709),7,1
  12691. 401011,en,15,singin,siṅgin,Siṅgin,Siṅgin,(adj.) [Vedic śṛngin] having a horn Vin.II,300; J.IV,173 (=cow); clever,sharp-witted,false Th.1,959; A.II,26; It.112; cp.J.P.T.S.1885,53.(Page 709),6,1
  12692. 401023,en,15,singivera,siṅgivera,Siṅgivera,Siṅgivera,(nt.) [Sk.śṛnga+Tamil vera “root,” as E.loan word=ginger] ginger Vin.I,201; IV,35; J.I,244; III,225 (alla-°); Miln.63; Mhvs 28,21; DhsA.320; DA.I,81.(Page 709),9,1
  12693. 401030,en,15,singu,siṅgu,Siṅgu,Siṅgu,(f.) (?) a kind of fish J.V,406; plur.singū J.VI,537.According to Abhp.singū is m.and Payogasiddhi gives it as nt.(Page 709),5,1
  12694. 401036,en,15,siniddha,siniddha,Siniddha,Siniddha,[pp.of siniyhati; cp.Epic Sk.snigdha] 1.wet,moist Vism.171.-- 2.oily,greasy,fatty J.I,463,481; SnA 100 (°āhāra fattening food).-- 3.smooth,glossy J.I,89; IV,350 (of leaves); Miln.133.-- 4.resplendent,charming ThA.139.-- 5.pliable Vin.I,279 (kāya,a body with good movement of bowels).-- 6.affectionate,attached,fond,loving J.I,10; Miln.229,361; VbhA.282 (°puggala-sevanatā).(Page 710),8,1
  12695. 401054,en,15,siniyhati,siniyhati,Siniyhati,Siniyhati,[Vedic snihyate,<em>snih</em><i>;</i> cp.Av.sn&amacremacr; ƶaiti it snows= Lat.ninguit,Gr.nei/gei; Oir.snigid it rains; Lat.nix snow=Gr.ni/ga =Goth,snaiws,Ohg.sneo=snow; Oir.snige rain; etc.-- The Dhtp 463 gives the 2 forms <i>sinih </i>&<i> snih</i> in meaning <i>pīṇana</i>.Cp.sineha] (to be moist or sticky,fig.) to feel love,to be attached Vism.317=DhsA.192 (in def<sup>n</sup> of <i>mettā</i>).Caus.<i>sineheti</i> (sneheti,snehayati) to lubricate,make oily or tender (through purgatives etc.) Vin.I,279 (kāyaṁ); Miln.172; DA.I,217 (temeti+); to make pliable,to soften Miln.139 (mānasaṁ).-- pp.<i>siniddha</i>.(Page 710),9,1
  12696. 401060,en,15,sinna,sinna,Sinna,Sinna,[pp.of sijjati; Vedic svinna] 1.wet with perspiration Vin.I,46,51; II,223.-- 2.boiled (cp.siddha<sup>1</sup>) esp.in the comp.<i>udaka-sinna-paṇṇa;</i> it occurs in a series of passages J.III,142,144; IV,236,238,where Fausböll reads sitta,although the var.readings give also sinna.The English translation,p.149,says “sprinkled with water,” but the text,238,speaks of leaves which are “sodden” (sedetvā).(Page 710),5,1
  12697. 401062,en,15,sinoti,sinoti,Sinoti,Sinoti,<i> </i>[<em>sā</em> or <em>si</em>; Vedic syati &#38; sināti; the Dhtp 505 gives <em>si</em> in meaning “bandhana”] to bind DhsA.219 (sinoti bandhatī ti setu).pp.<i>sita<sup>3</sup></i>.(Page 710),6,1
  12698. 401069,en,15,sipada,sīpada,Sīpada,Sīpada,(nt.) [Sk.slīpada] the Beri disease (elephantiasis) morbid enlargement of the legs; hence <i>sīpadin</i> and <i>sīpadika</i> suffering from that disease Vin.I,91,322.(Page 712),6,1
  12699. 401082,en,15,sipatika,sipāṭikā,Sipāṭikā,Sipāṭikā,(f.) [cp.Sk.sṛpāṭikā,beak,BR.] 1.pericarp M.I,306; Vv 84<sup>33</sup>; VvA.344; hingu° a s.yielding gum Vin.I,201.Also written <i>sipātikā;</i> thus ādiṇṇasipātikā with burst pod or fruit skin S.IV,193.-- 2.a small case,receptacle; khura° a razor case Vin.II,134.On s.at Pv III,2<sup>29</sup> the C.has ekapaṭalā upānahā PvA.186.(Page 710),8,1
  12700. 401091,en,15,sippa,sippa,Sippa,Sippa,(nt.) [cp.Sk.śilpa] art,branch of knowledge,craft Sn.261; A.III,225; IV,281 sq.,322; D.III,156,189; J.I,239,478; Miln.315; excludes the Vedas Miln.10; sabbasippāni J.I,356,463; II,53; eight various kinds enumerated M.I,85; twelve crafts Ud.31,cp.dvādasavidha s.J.I,58; eighteen sippas mentioned J.II,243; some sippas are hīna,others ukkaṭṭha Vin.IV,6 sq.; VbhA.410.asippa untaught,unqualified J.IV,177; VI,228=asippin Miln.250.-- sippaṁ uggaṇhāti to learn a craft VvA.138.<br><br> <i>--āyatana</i> object or branch of study,art D.I,51; Miln.78; VbhA.490 (pāpaka).<i>--uggahaṇa</i> taking up,i.e.learning,a craft J.IV,7; PvA.3.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> a craft M.I,85; cp.BSk.śilpasthāna Divy 58,100,212.<i>--phala</i> result of one’s craft D.I,51.<i>--mada</i> conceit regarding one’s accomplishment VbhA.468.(Page 710),5,1
  12701. 401098,en,15,sippaka,sippaka,Sippaka,Sippaka,=sippa J.I,420.(Page 710),7,1
  12702. 401120,en,15,sippavant,sippavant,Sippavant,Sippavant,[fr.sippa] one who masters a craft J.VI,296.(Page 710),9,1
  12703. 401124,en,15,sippi,sippī,Sippī,Sippī,[cp.Prākrit sippī] (f.) a pearl oyster J.II,100; sippipuṭa oyster shell J.V,197,206.sippi-sambuka oysters and shells D.I,84; M.I,279; A.I,9; III,395.(Page 710),5,1
  12704. 401134,en,15,sippika,sippika,Sippika,Sippika,[fr.sippa] an artisan Sn.613,651; Miln.78; Vism.336.Also sippiya J.VI,396,397.(Page 710),7,1
  12705. 401143,en,15,sippika,sippikā,Sippikā,Sippikā,<sup>2</sup> at Th.1,49 is difficult to understand.It must mean a kind of bird (°abhiruta),and may be (so Kern) a misread <i>pippikā</i> (cp.Sk.pippaka &#38; pippīka).See also Brethren p.53<sup>3</sup>.(Page 710),7,1
  12706. 401144,en,15,sippika,sippikā,Sippikā,Sippikā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [fr.sippī] a pearl oyster J.I,426; II,100 (sippikasambukaṁ); Vism.362 (in comp.)=VbhA.68.(Page 710),7,1
  12707. 401156,en,15,sira,sira,Sira,Sira,(nt.and m.) [cp.Vedic śiras,śīan; Av.sarō,Gr.karaρa head,kέras horn,krani/on; Lat.cerebrum; Ohg.hirni brain] head,Nom.siraṁ Th.2,255,Acc.siraṁ A.I,141; siro Sn.768; sirasaṁ J.V,434; Instr.sirasā Vin.I,4; D.I,126; Sn.1027; Loc.sirasmiṁ M.I,32; sire DA.I,97; in compounds siro- A.I,138.-- sirasā paṭiggaṇhāti to accept with reverence J.I,65; pādesu sirasā nipatati to bow one’s head to another’s feet,to salute respectfully Vin.I,4,34; Sn.p.15,p.101.<i>siraṁ muñcati</i> to loosen the hair J.V,434; cp.I.47; <i>mutta°</i> with loose hair KhA 120=Vism.415; <i>adho-siraṁ</i> with bowed head,head down A.I,141; IV,133; J.VI,298; cp.<i>avaṁ°; dvedhā°</i> with broken head J.V,206; <i>muṇḍa°</i> a shaven head DhA.II,125.(Page 711),4,1
  12708. 401164,en,15,sira,sirā,Sirā,Sirā,[Sk.sirā] (f.) a bloodvessel,vein Mhvs 37,136; nerve,tendon,gut J.V,344,364; <i>°-jāla</i> the network of veins J.V,69; PvA.68.(Page 711),4,1
  12709. 401167,en,15,sira,sīra,Sīra,Sīra,[Vedic sīra] plough ThA.270 (=naṅgala).(Page 712),4,1
  12710. 401183,en,15,siri,sirī,Sirī,Sirī,(siri) (f.) [Vedic śrī] 1.splendour,beauty Sn.686 (Instr.siriyā); J.VI,318 (siriṁ dhāreti).-- 2.luck,glory,majesty,prosperity S.I,44 (Nom.siri); J.II,410 (siriṁ),466; DA.I,148; VvA.323 (Instr.buddha-siriyā).rajjasirī-dāyikā devatā the goddess which gives prosperity to the kingdom DhA.II,17; <i>sirī+lakkhī</i> splendour &#38; luck J.III,443.-- 3.the goddess of luck D.I,11 (see Rh.D.Buddhist India 216--222); DA.I,97; J.V,112; Miln.191 (°devatā).-- 4.the royal bed-chamber (=sirigabbha) J.VI,383.-- <i>assirī</i> unfortunate Nett 62=Ud.79 (reads <i>sassar’iva)</i>.<i> sassirīka</i> (q.v.) resplendent SnA 91; <i>sassirika</i> J.V,177 (puṇṇa-canda°); opp.<i>nissirīka</i> (a) without splendour J.VI,225,456; (b) unlucky VvA.212 (for alakkhika).-- The composition form is <i>siri°</i>.<br><br> <i>--gabbha</i> bedroom J.I,228,266; III,125; V,214.<i>--corabrāhmaṇa</i> “a brahmin who stole good luck” J.II,409 (cp.sirilakkhaṇa-°).<i>--devatā</i> goddess(es) of luck Miln.191 (+kalidevatā).<i>--dhara</i> glorious Mhvs 5,13.<i>--nigguṇḍi</i> a kind of tree J.VI,535.<i>--vilāsa</i> pomp and splendour J.IV,232.<i>--vivāda</i> a bedchamber quarrel J.III,20 (sayanakalaho ti pi vadanti yeva,C.).<i>--sayana</i> a state couch,royal bed J.I,398; III,264; VI,10; DhA.II,86; PvA.280.(Page 711),4,1
  12711. 401214,en,15,sirimant,sirimant,Sirimant,Sirimant,(adj.) [siri+mant] glorious D.II,240.(Page 711),8,1
  12712. 401223,en,15,sirimsapa,siriṁsapa,Siriṁsapa,Siriṁsapa,[Sk.sarīsṛpa] a (long) creeping animal,serpent,a reptile Vin.I,3; II,110; D.II,57; M.I,10; S.I,154; A.II,73,117,143; V,15; Sn.52,964; J.I,93; Pv III,5<sup>2</sup>; Nd<sup>1</sup> 484; VbhA.6.<i>--tta</i> (nt.) the state of being a creeping thing D.II,57.(Page 711),9,1
  12713. 401244,en,15,sirisa,sirīsa,Sirīsa,Sirīsa,(nt.) [cp.Class.Sk.śirṣa] the tree Acacia sirissa D.II,4; S.IV,193; Vv 84<sup>32</sup>; VvA.331,344; <i>°-puppha</i> a kind of gem Miln.118.Cp.<i>serīsaka</i>.(Page 711),6,1
  12714. 401301,en,15,siroruha,siroruha,Siroruha,Siroruha,[Sk.śiras+ruha] the hair of the head Mhvs 1,34; Sdhp.286.(Page 711),8,1
  12715. 401312,en,15,sisa,sīsa,Sīsa,Sīsa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Vedic śīrṣa:see under sira] 1.the head (of the body) Vin.I,8; A.I,207; Sn.199,208,p.80; J.I,74; II,103; <i>sīsaṁ nahāta</i>,one who has performed an ablution of the head D.II,172; PvA.82; <i>āditta-sīsa</i>,one whose turban has caught fire S.I,108; III,143; V,440; A.II,93; <i>sīsato</i> towards the head Mhvs 25,93; <i>adho-sīsa</i>,head first J.I,233.-- 2.highest part,top,front:<i>bhūmi°</i> hill,place of vantage Dpvs 15,26; J.II,406; <i>caṅkamana°</i> head of the cloister Vism.121; <i>saṅgāma°</i> front of the battle Pug.69; J.I,387; <i>megha°</i> head of the cloud J.I,103.In this sense also opposed to <i>pāda</i> (foot),e.g.<i>sopāṇa°</i> head ( &#38; foot) of the stairs DhA.I,115.Contrasted with <i>sama</i> (plain) Ps.I,101 sq.-- 3.chief point Ps.I,102.-- 4.panicle,ear (of rice or crops) A.IV,169; DA.I,118.-- 5.head,heading (as subdivision of a subject),as “chanda-sīsa citta-sīsa” grouped under chanda &#38; citta Vism.376.Usually instr <i>°sīsena</i> “under the heading (or category) of,” e.g.<i>citta°</i> Vism.3; <i>paribhoga°</i> J.II,24; <i>saññā°</i> DhsA.200; <i>kammaṭṭhāna°</i> DhA.III,159.<br><br> <i>--ânulokin</i> looking ahead,looking attentively after something M.I,147.<i>--ābādha</i> disease of the head Vin.I,270 sq.; J.VI,331.<i>--âbhitāpa</i> heat in the head,headache Vin.I,204.<i>--kaṭāha</i> a skull D.II,297=M.I,58; Vism.260=KhA 60; KhA 49.<i>--kalanda</i> Miln.292.[Signification unknown; cp.kalanda a squirrel and kalandaka J.VI,227; a blanket [cushion?] or kerchief.] <i>--cchavi</i> the skin of the head Vin.I,277.<i>--cola</i> a headcloth,turban Mhvs 35,53.<i>--cchejja</i> resulting in decapitation A.II,241.<i>--ccheda</i> decapitation,death J.I,167; Miln.358.<i>--ppacālakaṁ</i> swaying the head about Vin.IV,188.<i>--paramparāya</i> with heads close together DhA.I,49.<i>--virecana</i> purging to relieve the head D.I,12; DA.I,98.<i>--veṭha</i> head wrap S.IV,56.<i>--veṭhana</i> headcloth,turban M.II,193; sīsaveṭha id.M.I,244=S.IV,56.<i>--vedanā</i> headache M.I,243; II,193.(Page 713),4,1
  12716. 401313,en,15,sisa,sīsa,Sīsa,Sīsa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.sīsa] lead D.II,351; S.V,92; Miln.331; VbhA.63 (=kāḷa-tipu); a leaden coin J.I,7; <i>°-kāra</i> a worker in lead Miln.331; <i>°-maya</i> leaden Vin.I,190.(Page 713),4,1
  12717. 401334,en,15,sisaka,sīsaka,Sīsaka,Sīsaka,(nt.) [=sīsa] head,as adj.--° heading,with the head towards; uttarasīsaka head northwards D.II,137; pācīna° (of Māyā’s couch:eastward) J.I,50.heṭṭhāsīsaka head downwards J.III,13; dhammasīsaka worshipping righteousness beyond everything Miln.47,117.(Page 714),6,1
  12718. 401379,en,15,sisira,sisira,Sisira,Sisira,(adj.) [Sk.śiśira] cool,cold Dāvs.V,33; VvA.132.(m.) cold,cold season Vin.II,47=J.I,93.(Page 711),6,1
  12719. 401388,en,15,sissa,sissa,Sissa,Sissa,[cp.Sk.śiṣya,grd.of <em>śiṣ</em> or <em>śās</em> to instruct:see sāsati etc.] a pupil; Sn.997,1028; DhsA.32 (°ânusissā).(Page 711),5,1
  12720. 401396,en,15,sissati,sissati,Sissati,Sissati,[Pass.of <em>śiṣ</em> to leave; Dhtp 630:visesana] to be left,to remain VvA.344.Cp.<i>visissati</i>.-- Caus.<i>seseti</i> to leave (over) D.II,344 (aor.sesesi); J.I,399; V,107; DhA.I,398 (asesetvā without a remainder).-- pp.<i>siṭṭha:</i> see <i>visiṭṭha</i>.(Page 711),7,1
  12721. 401413,en,15,sita,sita,Sita,Sita,<sup>5</sup> (nt.) [pp.of <em>smi</em>,cp.vimhāpeti.The other P.form is <i>mihita</i>] a smile Vin.III,105; IV,159; S.I,24; II,254; M.II,45; Th.1,630; Ap 21 (pātukari),22 (°kamma) DhA.II,64 (°ṁ pātvakāsi); III,479; VvA.68.<i>--°kāra</i> smiling J.I,351 (as °ākāra).(Page 709),4,1
  12722. 401414,en,15,sita,sita,Sita,Sita,<sup>4</sup> (adj.) [Sk.sita] white Dāvs III,4.(Page 709),4,1
  12723. 401415,en,15,sita,sita,Sita,Sita,<sup>3</sup> [pp.of sinoti] bound; sātu-° Dh.341 (bound to pleasure); taṇhā-° Miln.248.Perhaps as sita<sup>2</sup>.(Page 709),4,1
  12724. 401416,en,15,sita,sita,Sita,Sita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of sayati<sup>2</sup>] 1.(lit.) stuck in or to:hadaya° salla Sn.938; Nd<sup>1</sup> 412.-- 2.(fig.) reclining,resting,depending on,attached,clinging to D.I,45,76; II,255; M.I,364; Cp.100; J.V,453; Sn.229,333,791,944,1044.See also <i>asita<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 709),4,1
  12725. 401417,en,15,sita,sita,Sita,Sita,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [pp.of <em>śā</em><i>;</i> Sk.śita] sharp Dāvs.I,32.(Page 709),4,1
  12726. 401433,en,15,sita,sīta,Sīta,Sīta,(nt.) sail J.IV,21.So also in BSk.:Jtm 94.(Page 712),4,1
  12727. 401434,en,15,sita,sīta,Sīta,Sīta,(adj.) [Vedic śīta] cold,cool D.I,74,148; II,129; A.II,117,143; Sn.467,1014; Vin.I,31,288.(nt.) cold Vin.I,3; J.I,165; Mhvs 1,28; Sn.52,966.In comp<sup>n</sup> with <em>kṛ</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>bhū</em> the form is <i>sīti°</i>,e.g.<i>sīti-kata</i> made cool Vin.II,122; <i>sīti-bhavati</i> to become cooled,tranquillized S.II,83; III,126; IV,213; V,319; Sn.1073 (sīti-siyā,Pot.of bhavati); It.38; <i>°-bhūta</i>,tranquillized Vin.I,8; II,156; S.I,141,178; Sn.542,642; A.I,138; V,65; D.III,233; Vv 53<sup>24</sup>; Pv.I,8<sup>7</sup>; IV,1<sup>32</sup>.<i>sīti-bhāva</i> coolness,dispassionateness,calm A.III,435; Th.2,360; Ps.II,43; Vism.248; VbhA.230; PvA.230; ThA.244.‹-› At J.II,163 &#38; V,70 read <i>sīna</i> (“fallen”) for <i>sīta</i>.<br><br> <i>--āluka</i> susceptible of cold Vin.I,288 (synon.sītabhīruka).<i>--uṇha</i> cold and heat J.I,10.<i>--odaka</i> with cool water (pokkharaṇī) M.I,76; Pv.II,10<sup>4</sup>; sītodika (°iya) the same J.IV,438.<i>--bhīruka</i> being a chilly fellow Vin.I,288<sup>16</sup> (cp.sītāluka).(Page 712),4,1
  12728. 401443,en,15,sita,sītā,Sītā,Sītā,(f.) a furrow Vin.I,240 (satta sītāyo); gambhīrasīta with deep mould (khetta) A.IV,237,238 (text,°-sita).<br><br> <i>--āloḷī</i> mud from the furrow adhering to the plough Vin.I,206.(Page 712),4,1
  12729. 401463,en,15,sitaka,sītaka,Sītaka,Sītaka,<i>=sīta</i> S.IV,289 (vāta).(Page 712),6,1
  12730. 401473,en,15,sitala,sītala,Sītala,Sītala,(adj.) [cp.Vedic śītala] cold,cool J.II,128; DA.I,1; Miln.246; tranquil J.I,3; (nt.) coolness Miln.76,323; VvA.44,68,100; PvA.77,244.<i>sītalībhāva</i> becoming cool Sdhp.33.(Page 712),6,1
  12731. 401509,en,15,sithila,sithila,Sithila,Sithila,(adj.) [Vedic śithira,later śithila] loose,lax,bending,yielding S.I,49,77=Dh.346=J.II,140; J.I,179; II,249; Miln.144; DhA.IV,52,56; PvA.13.In comp<sup>n</sup> with <i>bhū</i> as <i>sithilī°</i>,e.g.<i>°bhāva</i> lax state Vism.502=VbhA.100; <i>°bhūta</i> hanging loose PvA.47 (so read for sithila°).<i>--°hanu</i> a kind of bird M.I,429.-- Cp.<i>saṭhila</i>.(Page 709),7,1
  12732. 401522,en,15,siti°,sīti°,Sīti°,Sīti°,see sīta.The word sītisiyāvimokkha Ps.II,43,must be artificial,arisen from the pāda,sīti-siyā vimutto Sn.1073 (on which see expl<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 678).(Page 712),5,1
  12733. 401554,en,15,sitta,sitta,Sitta,Sitta,[pp.of siñcati] sprinkled Dh.369; J.III,144; Vism.109 (Page 709),5,1
  12734. 401559,en,15,sittha,siṭṭha,Siṭṭha,Siṭṭha,[pp.of <em>śiṣ</em><i>;</i> Sk.śiṣṭha] see <i>vi°</i>.(Page 709),6,1
  12735. 401567,en,15,sittha,sittha,Sittha,Sittha,(nt.) [cp.*Sk.siktha] a lump of boiled rice Vin.II,165,214; J.I,189,235; V,387; VI,358 (odana°),365 (yāgu°); PvA.99; sitthatelaka oil of beeswax Vin.II,107,151.<br><br> <i>--âvakārakaṁ</i> (adv.) scattering the lumps of boiled rice Vin.IV,196.(Page 709),6,1
  12736. 401575,en,15,sitthaka,sitthaka,Sitthaka,Sitthaka,(nt.) [cp.Sk.sikthaka] beeswax Vin.II,116 (madhu°).(Page 709),8,1
  12737. 401597,en,15,siva,siva,Siva,Siva,(adj.-n.) [Vedic śiva] auspicious,happy,fortunate,blest S.I,181; J.I,5; II,126; Miln.248; Pv IV.3<sup>3</sup>; Vv 18<sup>7</sup>.-- 2.a worshipper of the god Siva Miln.191; the same as Sivi J.III,468.-- 3.nt.happiness,bliss Sn.115,478; S.IV,370.<br><br> <i>--vijjā</i> knowledge of auspicious charms D.I,9; DA.I,93 (alternatively explained as knowledge of the cries of jackals); cp.Divy 630 śivāvidyā.(Page 711),4,1
  12738. 401604,en,15,siva,sivā,Sivā,Sivā,(f.) [Sk.śivā] a jackal DA.I,93.(Page 711),4,1
  12739. 401619,en,15,sivana,sīvana,Sīvana,Sīvana, &#38; sīveti<i>:</i> see <i>vi°</i>.(Page 713),6,1
  12740. 401628,en,15,sivathika,sīvathikā,Sīvathikā,Sīvathikā,(f.) [etym.doubtful; perhaps=*Sk.śivālaya; Kern derives it as śīvan “lying”+atthi “bone,” problematic] a cemetery,place where dead bodies are thrown to rot away Vin.III,36; D.II,295 sq.; A.III,268,323; J.I,146; Pv III,5<sup>2</sup> (=susāna PvA.198); Vism.181,240; PvA.195.(Page 713),9,1
  12741. 401633,en,15,sivatika,sivāṭikā,Sivāṭikā,Sivāṭikā,various reading instead of sipāṭikā,which see.(Page 711),8,1
  12742. 401635,en,15,siveyyaka,siveyyaka,Siveyyaka,Siveyyaka,(adj.) hailing from the Sivi country,a kind of cloth (very valuable) Vin.I,278,280; J.IV,401; DA.I,133.The two latter passages read sīveyyaka.(Page 711),9,1
  12743. 401647,en,15,sivika,sivikā,Sivikā,Sivikā,(f.) [Epic Sk.śibikā] a palanquin,litter Bu 17,16 (text savakā); Pv.I,11<sup>1</sup>; Vin.I,192; <i>°-gabbha</i> a room in shape like a palanquin,an alcove Vin.II,152; <i>mañca-°</i> J.V,136,262 (a throne palanquin?).<i>suvaṇṇa°</i> a golden litter J.I,52,89; DhA.I,89; Vism.316.(Page 711),6,1
  12744. 401663,en,15,siyati,sīyati,Sīyati,Sīyati,[for Sk.śyāyati] to congeal or freeze:see <i>visīyati </i>&<i> visīveti</i>.-- pp.<i>sīna<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 712),6,1
  12745. 401665,en,15,siyyati,siyyati,Siyyati,Siyyati,see <i>seyyati</i>.(Page 711),7,1
  12746. 401683,en,15,sneha,sneha,Sneha,Sneha,see <i>sineha</i>.(Page 727),5,1
  12747. 401716,en,15,sobbha,sobbha,Sobbha,Sobbha,[cp.Sk.śvabhra] a hole,(deep) pit D.II,127; M.I,11; A.I,243; II,140; III,389 (see papāta); V,114 sq.; J.VI,166; Th.1,229; SnA 355,479; a water-pool S.II,32; Sn.720; Vism.186; as adj.at S.III,109 (+papāta),i.e.“deep”; <i>kussobbha</i> a small collection of water S.II,32,118; Sn.720; <i>mahāsobbha</i> the ocean S.II,32,118.(Page 726),6,1
  12748. 401729,en,15,sobha,sobhā,Sobhā,Sobhā,(f.) [fr.<em>śubh</em><i>;</i> Sk.śobhā] splendour,radiance,beauty Mhvs 33,30; J.IV,333; ThA.226; Miln.356.(Page 726),5,1
  12749. 401739,en,15,sobhagga,sobhagga,Sobhagga,Sobhagga,(nt.) [abstr.fr.subhaga] prosperity,beauty Th.2,72; J.I,51,475; II,158; IV,133.As <i>sobhagyatā</i> at DA.I,161.(Page 726),8,1
  12750. 401752,en,15,sobhana,sobhaṇa,Sobhaṇa,Sobhaṇa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.<em>śubh</em>] 1.adorning,shining,embellishing A.II,8,225; very often spelt sobhana J.I,257; ThA.244; <i>nagara-sobhaṇā</i> (or <i>°iṇī</i>) a courtesan J.II,367; III,435,475; Miln.350; PvA.4.-- 2.good Miln.46 (text °na); Cpd.96; 101; 106.(Page 726),7,1
  12751. 401753,en,15,sobhana,sobhaṇa,Sobhaṇa,Sobhaṇa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>śubh</em>] 1.a kind of edging on a girdle Vin.II,136.-- 2.beauty,ornament Miln.356.(Page 726),7,1
  12752. 401767,en,15,sobhanagaraka,sobhanagaraka,Sobhanagaraka,Sobhanagaraka,(nt.) a kind of game,fairy scenes D.I,6,13; DA.I,84.(Page 726),13,1
  12753. 401774,en,15,sobhanjana,sobhañjana,Sobhañjana,Sobhañjana,the tree Hyperanthica moringa J.V,405; sobhañjanaka the same J.III,161 (=siggurukkha,C.); VI,535.(Page 726),10,1
  12754. 401785,en,15,sobhati,sobhati,Sobhati,Sobhati,<i> </i>[<i>śubh</i>,Vedic śobhate] 1.to shine,to be splendid,look beautiful J.I,89; II,93; <i>sobhetha</i> let your light shine (with foll.yaṁ “in that ...”) Vin.I,187,349=II.162= J.III,487=S.I,217; ppr.<i>°māna</i> Vism.58.aor.sobhi J.I,143; Caus.<i>sobheti</i> to make resplendent,adorn,grace A.II,7; Sn.421; J.I,43; Miln.1; Vism.79 (ppr.sobhayanto); to make clear D.II,105.(Page 726),7,1
  12755. 401817,en,15,sobhiya,sobhiya,Sobhiya,Sobhiya,[cp.Sk.śaubhika; BSk.śobhika MVastu III,113] a sort of magician or trickster,clown J.VI,277 (sobhiyā ti nagarasobhanā sampannarūpā purisā; not correct; C.).(Page 726),7,1
  12756. 401821,en,15,socana,socana,Socana,Socana,(nt.) [fr.<em>śuc</em>] sorrow,mourning PvA.18,62; <i>--nā</i> (f.) the same D.II,306; S.I,108=Sn.34; Nd<sup>2</sup> 694.(Page 724),6,1
  12757. 401840,en,15,socati,socati,Socati,Socati,[Vedic śocati,<em>śuc</em>,said of the gleaming of a fire] 1.to mourn,grieve Sn.34; Dh.15; J.I,168; Pv.I,8<sup>7</sup> (+rodati); I,10<sup>15</sup>; I,12<sup>2</sup>; Miln.11; pres 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.socare Sn.445; Dh.225; ppr.socamāna J.II,75; ppr.asocaṁ not grieving S.I,116; mā soci do not sorrow D.II,144; J.VI,190; plur.mā socayittha do not grieve D.II,158; Caus.<i>socayati</i> to cause to grieve D.I,52; S.I,116; Th.1,743 (ger.°ayitvā); Miln.226; <i>soceti</i> J.II,8.-- pp.<i>socita</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>socāpayati</i> the same S.I,116.(Page 724),6,1
  12758. 401858,en,15,soceyya,soceyya,Soceyya,Soceyya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.<em>śuc</em>,*śaucya] purity S.I,78; A.I,94; II,188; V,263; Vism.8; J.I,214; Miln.115,207; is threefold A.I,271; It.55; D.III,219; further subdivided A.V,264,266 sq.In meaning of “cleaning,washing” given in the Dhtp as def.of roots for washing,bathing etc.(khal,nahā,sinā,sudh).(Page 724),7,1
  12759. 401872,en,15,socin,socin,Socin,Socin,[fr.socati] grieving A.IV,294 (socī ca=socicca).(Page 724),5,1
  12760. 401876,en,15,socita,socita,Socita,Socita,(nt.) [fr.socati] grief Th.2,462.(Page 724),6,1
  12761. 401882,en,15,socitatta,socitatta,Socitatta,Socitatta,(nt.) sorrowfulness D.II,306; Ps.I,38=Nd<sup>2</sup> 694.(Page 724),9,1
  12762. 401889,en,15,sociya,sociya,Sociya,Sociya,[=Sk.śocya] deplorable Sdhp.262.(Page 724),6,1
  12763. 401896,en,15,sodaka,sodaka,Sodaka,Sodaka,(adj.) [sa+udaka] containing water Mhvs 30,38; 37,200.(Page 725),6,1
  12764. 401906,en,15,sodariya,sodariya,Sodariya,Sodariya,(adj.) [sa+udariya] having a common origin (in the same mother’s womb),born of the same mother,a brother J.I,308; IV,434; PvA.94 (bhātā).(Page 725),8,1
  12765. 401915,en,15,sodhaka,sodhaka,Sodhaka,Sodhaka,[fr.sodheti] one who cleanses Mhvs 10,90; PvA.7.(Page 725),7,1
  12766. 401921,en,15,sodhana,sodhana,Sodhana,Sodhana,(nt.) [fr.sodheti] cleansing Vism.276 (as f.°nā); examining J.I,292; payment (see <i>uddhāra</i>) J.I,321.(Page 725),7,1
  12767. 401954,en,15,sodheti,sodheti,Sodheti,Sodheti,[Caus.of sujjhati] to make clean,to purify Vin.I,47; M.I,39; Dh.141; DA.I,261,13<sup>5</sup>; to examine,search J.I,200,291; II,123; III,528; to search for,to seek J.II,135; to clean away,to remove J.IV,404; to correct J.II,48; to clear a debt:in this meaning mixed with <i>sādheti</i> (q.v.) in phrases <i>iṇaṁ s</i>.and <i>uddhāraṁ s</i>.<i>;</i> we read <i>iṇaṁ sodheti</i> at PvA.276; <i>uddhāraṁ sodheti</i> at J.IV,45; otherwise <i>sādheti</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>sodhāpeti</i> to cause to clean,to clean Vin.III,208,248=I.206; J.I,305; II,19; Pass.<i>sodhīyati</i> to be cleansed,to be adorned Bu II.40 sq.=J.I,12.(Page 725),7,1
  12768. 401974,en,15,sogandhika,sogandhika,Sogandhika,Sogandhika,(nt.) [Sk.saugandhika; fr.sugandha] the white water-lily (Nymphæa lotus) J.V,419; VI,518,537 (seta-sogandhiyehi).-- As m.designation of a purgatory A.V,173; S.I,152; Sn.p.126.(Page 724),10,1
  12769. 401985,en,15,sohada,sohada,Sohada,Sohada,[Sk.sauhṛda,fr.su+hṛd] a friend Mhvs 38,98.See also <i>suhada</i>.(Page 727),6,1
  12770. 401998,en,15,sojacca,sojacca,Sojacca,Sojacca,(nt.) [abstr.fr.sujāta] nobility,high birth J.II,137.(Page 724),7,1
  12771. 402006,en,15,soka,soka,Soka,Soka,[fr.<em>śuc</em>,to gleam (which to the Dhtp however is known only in meaning “soka”:Dhtp 39); cp.Vedic śoka the flame of fire,later in sense of “burning grief”] grief,sorrow,mourning; def<sup>d</sup> as “socanā socitattaṁ anto-soko ...cetaso parijjhāyanā domanassaṁ” at Ps.I,38=Nd<sup>1</sup> 128=Nd<sup>2</sup> 694; shorter as “ñāti-vyasan’‹-› ādīhi phuṭṭhassa citta-santāpo” at Vism.503=VbhA.Cp.the foll.:Vin.I,6; D.I,6; II,305,103; S.I,110,123,137; A.I,51,144; II,21; V,141; Sn.584,586; J.I,189; SnA 155; DhA.II,166; KhA 153 (abbūḷha°); Pv.I,4<sup>3</sup> (=citta-santāpa PvA.18); PvA.6,14,38,42,61.-- <i>asoka</i> without grief:see <i>viraja</i>.See also dukkha B III,1 b.<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> the fire of sorrow PvA.41.pl.<i>--divasā</i> the days of mourning (at the king’s court after the death of the queen) SnA 89.<i>--parideva</i> sorrow and lamenting A.III,32,326 sq.; V,216 sq.; Vism.503; Nd<sup>1</sup> 128.<i>--pariddava</i> id.Vv 84<sup>30</sup>.<i>--pareta</i> overcome with grief Pv.I,8<sup>6</sup>.<i>--vinaya</i> dispelling of grief PvA.39.<i>--vinodana</i> id.PvA.61.<i>--salla</i> the dart or sting of sorrow A.III,54,58; Nd<sup>1</sup> 59,414; Pv.I,8<sup>6</sup>; PvA.93,162.(Page 724),4,1
  12772. 402015,en,15,sokajjhayika,sokajjhāyikā,Sokajjhāyikā,Sokajjhāyikā,(f.) [soka+ajjhāyaka; this soka perhaps *sūka,as in visūka?] a woman who plays the fool,a comedian Vin.IV,285; J.VI,580 (where C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “griefdispellers”).(Page 724),12,1
  12773. 402043,en,15,sokavant,sokavant,Sokavant,Sokavant,(adj.) [soka+vant] sorrowful Mhvs 19,15.(Page 724),8,1
  12774. 402056,en,15,sokhumma,sokhumma,Sokhumma,Sokhumma,(nt.) [abstr.fr.sukhuma] fineness,minuteness A.II,17; Th.1,437.At A.II,18 with double suffix °tā.(Page 724),8,1
  12775. 402064,en,15,sokhya,sokhya,Sokhya,Sokhya,(nt.) [abstr.der.fr.sukha] happiness Sn.61; J.V,205.(Page 724),6,1
  12776. 402073,en,15,sokika,sokika,Sokika,Sokika,(adj.) [soka+ika] sorrowful; a-° free from sorrow ThA.229.(Page 724),6,1
  12777. 402077,en,15,sokin,sokin,Sokin,Sokin,(adj.) [fr.soka] (fem.°nī) sorrowful Dh.28.(Page 724),5,1
  12778. 402086,en,15,solasa,soḷasa,Soḷasa,Soḷasa,(num.card.) [Sk.ṣoḍaśa] sixteen D.I,128; Sn.1006; J.I,78 (lekhā); II,87; III,342 (atappiya-vatthūni); V,175; VI,37; Miln.11 (palibodhā); DhA.I,129 (°salākā); IV,208 (°karīsa-matta).Instr.soḷasahi D.I,31, &#38; soḷasehi D.I,139; Gen.soḷasannaṁ J.IV,124.Very frequent in measures of time &#38; space.<i>--°vassa°</i> (16 years ...) J.I,231,285; II,43; IV,7; VI,10,486; DhA.I,25 and passim.The fem.<i>°-sī</i> acts as num.ord.“sixteenth,” in phrase <i>kalaṁ nagghati soḷasiṁ</i> he is not worth a sixteenth particle of A.IV,252; S.III,156; V,44,343; Dh.70; It.19.(Page 726),6,1
  12779. 402091,en,15,solasakkhattum,soḷasakkhattuṁ,Soḷasakkhattuṁ,Soḷasakkhattuṁ,sixteen times DA.I,261; DhA.I,353= Mhvs 6,37.(Page 726),14,1
  12780. 402095,en,15,solasama,soḷasama,Soḷasama,Soḷasama,sixteenth Mhvs 2,29; Vism.292.(Page 726),8,1
  12781. 402136,en,15,somanassa,somanassa,Somanassa,Somanassa,(nt.) [fr.su+mano; cp.domanassa] mental ease,happiness,joy D.I,3; II,278; III,270; M.I,85,313; S.IV,232; A.II,69; III,207,238; Dh.341; Sn.67; Pug.59; VbhA.73; PvA.6,14,133; DA.I,53; it is more than <i>sukha</i> D.II,214; defined at Vism.461 (iṭṭh’ārammaṇ’‹-› ânubhavana-lakkhaṇaṁ,etc.).A syn.of it is veda 1.On term see also Cpd.277.<br><br> <i>--indriya</i> the faculty of pleasure D.III,224; S.V,209 sq.; Dhs.18.(Page 726),9,1
  12782. 402156,en,15,somanassita,somanassita,Somanassita,Somanassita,(adj.) [Caus.pp.formation fr.somanassa] satisfied,pleased,contented VvA.351.(Page 726),11,1
  12783. 402166,en,15,somarukkha,somarukkha,Somarukkha,Somarukkha,[soma+rukkha] a certain species of tree J.VI,530.(Page 726),10,1
  12784. 402180,en,15,sombha,sombhā,Sombhā,Sombhā,(f.) a puppet,doll Th.2,390; explained as <i>sombhakā</i> ThA.257.(Page 726),6,1
  12785. 402185,en,15,somma,somma,Somma,Somma,(adj.) [Sk.saumya,fr.soma] pleasing,agreeable,gentle Dāvs.I,42; DA.I,247; DhsA.127; VvA.205; SnA 456; Vism.168.(Page 726),5,1
  12786. 402196,en,15,sona,soṇa,Soṇa,Soṇa,<sup>2</sup> [cp.śyonāka] a kind of tree; the Bodhi trees of the Buddhas Paduma and Nārada Bu IX.22; X.24; J.I,36,37.(Page 724),4,1
  12787. 402197,en,15,sona,soṇa,Soṇa,Soṇa,<sup>1</sup> [see suvāṇa] a dog J.I,146; VI,107 (=sunakha); Sn.675; Vism.191; DhA.III,255 (+sigāla); <i>soṇi</i> (f.) a bitch Mhvs 7,8=sona It.36.(Page 724),4,1
  12788. 402206,en,15,sona,sona,Sona,Sona,dog It.36; see soṇa.(Page 725),4,1
  12789. 402239,en,15,sonda,soṇḍa,Soṇḍa,Soṇḍa,[cp.Sk.śauṇḍa] addicted to drink,intoxicated,a drunkard D.II,172; J.V,436,499; Miln.345; Vism.316.<i>a-soṇḍa</i> A.III,38; IV,266; J.V,166; (fem.--ī) itthisoṇḍī a woman addicted to drink Sn.112 (? better “one who is addicted to women”; SnA 172 expl<sup>s</sup> to that effect,cp.J.II,431 itthi-surā-maṁsa-soṇḍa); yuddhasoṇḍa J.I,204; dāsi-soṇḍa a libertine J.V,436 (+surā°); dhamma-soṇḍatā affectionate attachment to the law J.V,482.(Page 724),5,1
  12790. 402246,en,15,sonda,soṇḍā,Soṇḍā,Soṇḍā,(f.) [Sk.śuṇḍā] an elephant’s trunk Vin.II,201;= S.II,269; M.I,415; A.IV,87 (uccā° fig.of a bhikkhu] J.I,50,187; IV,91; V,37; DhA.I,58; Miln.368; <i>soṇḍa</i> (m.) the same S.I,104.(Page 724),5,1
  12791. 402252,en,15,sondaka,soṇḍaka,Soṇḍaka,Soṇḍaka,[soṇḍa+ka] in cpd.<i>surā°</i> a drunkard J.V,433; VI,30.(Page 724),7,1
  12792. 402259,en,15,sondi,soṇḍī,Soṇḍī,Soṇḍī,<sup>2</sup> (f.) the neck of a tortoise S.IV,177 (soṇḍi-pañcamāni aṅgāni); Miln.371; the hood of a snake J.VI,166 (nāgā soṇḍi-katā).(Page 725),5,1
  12793. 402260,en,15,sondi,soṇḍī,Soṇḍī,Soṇḍī,<sup>1</sup> (f.) a natural tank in a rock J.I,462; DhA.II,56 (soṇḍi); <i>udaka-°</i> J.IV,333; Vism.119; KhA 65 (soṇḍikā).(Page 724),5,1
  12794. 402269,en,15,sondika,soṇḍika,Soṇḍika,Soṇḍika,[fr.soṇḍa] 1.a distiller and seller of spirituous liquors; M.I,228=374.-- 2.a drunkard Miln.93.(Page 724),7,1
  12795. 402276,en,15,sondika,soṇḍikā,Soṇḍikā,Soṇḍikā,(f.) 1.tendril of a creeper S.I,106; Miln.374.‹-› 2.peppered meat S.II,98 (cp.Sanskrit śauṇḍī long pepper).-- 3.in <i>udaka°</i> KhA 65 (=sondī<sup>1</sup>) a tank.(Page 724),7,1
  12796. 402291,en,15,soni,soṇī,Soṇī,Soṇī,(f.) [cp.Sk.śroṇī] 1.the buttock Sn.609; J.V,155,216,302.-- 2.a bitch,see soṇa<sup>1</sup>.(Page 724),4,1
  12797. 402300,en,15,sonita,soṇita,Soṇita,Soṇita,(nt.) [Sk.śoṇita,fr.śoṇa red] blood Th.2,467; DA.I,120; Vism.259.(Page 724),6,1
  12798. 402309,en,15,sonna,soṇṇa,Soṇṇa,Soṇṇa,(nt.) [the contracted form of suvaṇṇa,cp.sovaṇṇa] gold; (adj.) golden Mhvs 5,87; Vv 5<sup>4</sup>,36<sup>7</sup>.<br><br> <i>--âlaṅkāra</i> with golden ornaments J.II,48.<i>--dhaja</i> with golden flags J.II,48.<i>--bhiṅkāra</i> a golden vase Sdhp.513.<i>--maya</i> golden,made of gold J.VI,203.<i>--vālukā</i> gold dust J.VI,278.(Page 725),5,1
  12799. 402334,en,15,sopadhika,sopadhīka,Sopadhīka,Sopadhīka,=sa+upadhika.(Page 725),9,1
  12800. 402340,en,15,sopaka,sopāka,Sopāka,Sopāka,[=sapāka; śva+pāka] a man of a very low caste,an outcast Sn.137.See also <i>sapāka</i>.(Page 726),6,1
  12801. 402350,en,15,sopana,sopāna,Sopāna,Sopāna,(m.and nt.) [cp.Sk.sopāna; Aufrecht “sa+ upāyana”] stairs,staircase Vin.II,117,152; D.II,178; J.I,330,348; IV,265; Vism.10; VvA.188; PvA.156,275; Vv 78<sup>5</sup>; dhura-sopāna the highest step of a staircase (?) J.I,330.<br><br> <i>--kaliṅgara</i> flight of steps Vin.II,128 (v.l.sopāṇakaḷevara as at M.II,92).<i>--panti</i> a flight or row of steps,a ladder Vism.392 (three).<i>--pāda</i> the foot of the steps (opp.<i>°sīsa</i>) DhA.I,115.<i>--phalaka</i> a step of a staircase J.I,330.(Page 726),6,1
  12802. 402373,en,15,sopavahana,sopavāhana,Sopavāhana,Sopavāhana,=sa+upavāhana.(Page 726),10,1
  12803. 402382,en,15,soppa,soppa,Soppa,Soppa,(nt.) [=supina] sleep,dream S.I,110; A.I,261 (i.e.laziness).°ante in a dream J.V,329 (C.reading for T.suppante).(Page 726),5,1
  12804. 402389,en,15,soppati,soppati,Soppati,Soppati,see <i>supati</i>.(Page 726),7,1
  12805. 402398,en,15,soracca,soracca,Soracca,Soracca,(nt.) [fr.sorata] gentleness,restraint,meekness A.II,68,113; III,248; S.I,100,172,222; Sn.78,292; Dhs.1342; J.III,442; IV,302; Miln.162; VvA.347.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with khanti forbearance (q.v.).-- <i>soracciya</i> (nt.) the same J.III,453.(Page 726),7,1
  12806. 402407,en,15,sorata,sorata,Sorata,Sorata,(adj.) [=su+rata,with so° for sū°,which latter is customary for su° before r (cp.dūr° for dur°).See du<sup>1</sup> 2 and Geiger,P.Gr.§ 11.-- The (B)Sk.is sūrata] gentle,kind,humble,self-restrained M.I,125; S.I,65; IV,305 (text,sūrata); A.II,43; III,349,393 sq.; Sn.309,515,540; J.IV,303; DhA.I,56.(Page 726),6,1
  12807. 402421,en,15,sosa,sosa,Sosa,Sosa,[fr.<i>śuṣ</i>] drying up,consumption Vin.I,71; Vism.345.(Page 726),4,1
  12808. 402428,en,15,sosana,sosana,Sosana,Sosana,(nt.) [fr.soseti] causing to dry (in surgery) Miln.353.(Page 726),6,1
  12809. 402437,en,15,sosanika,sosānika,Sosānika,Sosānika,(adj.) [fr.susāna] connected with a cemetery,bier-like Vin.II,149; m.,one who lives in or near a cemetery A.III,220; Pug.69 sq.; Miln.342; Vism.61 sq.; DhA.I,69.(Page 726),8,1
  12810. 402449,en,15,sosarita,sosārita,Sosārita,Sosārita,(adj.) [su+osārita] well reinstated (opp.dosārita) Vin.I,322.(Page 726),8,1
  12811. 402460,en,15,soseti,soseti,Soseti,Soseti,[Caus.of sussati] to cause to dry or wither Mhvs 21,28; Vism.120.See <i>vi°</i>.(Page 727),6,1
  12812. 402468,en,15,sosika,sosika,Sosika,Sosika,(adj.) [fr.sosa] afflicted with pulmonary consumption Vin.I,93; IV,8.(Page 727),6,1
  12813. 402473,en,15,sosita,sosīta,Sosīta,Sosīta,at J.I,390 means either “thoroughly chilled” or “well wetted.” It is expl<sup>d</sup> as “him’odakena su-sīto suṭṭhu tinto.” Perhaps we have to read <i>so sīta</i>,or <i>sīna</i> (cp.sīna<sup>2</sup>),or <i>sinna</i>.The corresponding <i>sotatta</i> (expl<sup>d</sup> as “suriya-santāpena su-tatto”) should then be <i>so tatto</i>.(Page 727),6,1
  12814. 402481,en,15,sossati,sossati,Sossati,Sossati,is Fut.of <i>suṇāti</i>.(Page 727),7,1
  12815. 402492,en,15,sota,sota,Sota,Sota,<sup>2</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [Vedic srotas,nt.,fr.<em>sru</em><i>;</i> see savati] 1.stream,flood,torrent Sn.433; It.144; J.I,323; sīgha-s.having a quick current D.II,132; Sn.319; metaphorically,the stream of cravings Sn.715 (chinna°; cp.MVastu III,88 chinna-srota),1034; S.IV,292; M.I,226 (sotaṁ chetvā); It.114; denotes noble eightfold path S.V,347; <i>bhava-</i>s.torrent of rebirth S.I,15; IV,128; viññāṇa-s.flux of mind,D.III,105; Nom.sing.soto S.IV,291 sq.; V,347; Nom.plur.sotā Sn.1034; Acc.plur.sotāni Sn.433; plur.sotāyo (f.[?],or wrong reading instead of sotāso,sotāse [?]) J.IV,287,288.-- 2.passage,aperture (of body,as eyes,ears,etc.),in <i>kaṇṇa°</i> orifice of the ear,and <i>nāsa°</i> nostril,e.g.D.I,106; Sn.p.108; J.I,163,164 (heṭṭhā-nāsika-s.); Vism.400 (dakkhiṇa° &#38; vāma-kaṇṇa-s.).<br><br> <i>--āpatti</i> entering upon the stream,i.e.the noble eightfold path (S.V,347),conversion Vin.II,93 etc.By it the first three Saṁyojanas are broken S.V,357,376.It has four phases (aṅgas):faith in the Buddha,the Dhamma,and the Order,and,further,the noble Sīlas S.II,68 sq.; V,362 sq.; A.III,12; IV,405; D.III,227 (in detail).Another set of four aṅgas consists of sappurisa-saṁsevā,saddhammasavana,yonisomanasikāra,and dhammânudhammapaṭipatti S.V,347,404.--phala the effect of having entered upon the stream,the fruit of conversion Vin.I,293; II,183; M.I,325; A.I,44; III,441; IV,292 sq.,372 sq.; D.I,229; III,227; S.III,168,225; V,410 sq.; Pug.13; DhA.III,192; IV,5; PvA.22,38,66,142.--magga the way to conversion,the lower stage of conversion DA.I,237; J.I,97; VbhA.307; see magga.<i>--āpanna</i> one who has entered the stream,a convert Vin.II,161,240; III,10; D.I,156; III,107 sq.,132,227; A.II,89; S.II,68; III,203 sq.,225 sq.; V,193 sq.; DA.I,313; Vism.6,709; PvA.5,153.The converted is endowed with āyu,vaṇṇa,sukha,and ādhipateyya S.V,390; he is called wealthy and glorious S.V,402; conversion excludes rebirth in purgatory,among animals and petas,as well as in other places of misery; he is <i>a-vinipāta-dhamma:</i> D.I,156; II,200; S.V,193 sq.,343; A.I,232; II,238; III,331 sq.; IV,405 sq.,V,182; M.III,81; or <i>khīṇa-niraya:</i> A.III,211; IV,405 sq.(+khīṇa-tiracchānayoni etc.).The converted man is sure to attain the sambodhi (niyato sambodhipārāyano D.I,156,discussed in Dial.I,190--192).(Page 725),4,1
  12816. 402493,en,15,sota,sota,Sota,Sota,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic śrotas &#38; śrotra; fr.<em>śru</em><i>:</i> see suṇāti] ear,the organ of hearing Vin.I,9,34; D.I,21; Sn.345 (Nom.pl.sotā); Vism.444 (defined); Dhs.601; DhsA.310; -- dibba-sota the divine ear (cp.dibba-cakkhu) D.I,79,154; III,38,281; dhamma° the ear of the Dhamma A.III,285 sq.,350; V,140; S.II,43; sotaṁ <i>odahati</i> to listen (carefully) D.I,230; <i>ohita-</i>s.with open ears A.IV,115; V,154; J.I,129.<br><br> <i>--añjana</i> a kind of ointment made with antimony Vin.I,203.<i>--ânugata</i> following on hearing,acquired by hearing A.II,185.<i>--āyatana</i> the sense of hearing Dhs.601 sq.; D.II,243,280,290.<i>--âvadhāna</i> giving ear,attention M.II,175.<i>--indriya</i> the faculty of hearing Dhs.604; D.III,239.<i>--dvāra</i> “door of the ear,” auditory sensation VbhA.41.<i>--dhātu</i> the ear element,the ear Vin.II,299; D.I,79; S.II,121; A.I,255 (dibba°); III,17 (id.); V,199; Vbh.334; Vism.407 (def<sup>d</sup>); Dhs.601,604; Miln.6.<i>--viññāṇa</i> auditory cognition,perception through the ear Dhs.443.<i>--viññeyya</i> cognizable by hearing D.II,281; Dhs.467; KhA 101.(Page 725),4,1
  12817. 402565,en,15,sotar,sotar,Sotar,Sotar,[n.ag.fr.suṇāti] a hearer D.I,56; A.II,116; III,161 sq.-- <i>sotā</i> used as a feminine noun ThA.200 (Ap.V,3).(Page 725),5,1
  12818. 402572,en,15,sotatta,sotatta,Sotatta,Sotatta,scorched J.I,390=M.I,79,read so tatto (cp.M.I,536).See <i>sosīta</i>.(Page 725),7,1
  12819. 402577,en,15,sotavant,sotavant,Sotavant,Sotavant,[sota<sup>1</sup>+vant] having ears,Nom.pl.sotavanto S.I,138; Vin.I,7; D.II,39.(Page 725),8,1
  12820. 402605,en,15,sotta,sotta,Sotta,Sotta,[pp.of supati,for sutta] asleep S.I,170.(Page 725),5,1
  12821. 402609,en,15,sotthana,sotthāna,Sotthāna,Sotthāna,(nt.) [cp.Sk.svastyayana] blessing,well-fare Sn.258; A.IV,271,285; J.V,29 (where the metre requires sotthayanaṁ,as at IV.75); VI,139.(Page 725),8,1
  12822. 402617,en,15,sotthi,sotthi,Sotthi,Sotthi,(f.) [Sk.svasti=su+asti] well-being,safety,bless ing A.III,38=IV.266 (“brings future happiness”); J.I,335; s.hotu hail! D.I,96; <i>sotthiṁ</i> in safety,safely Dh.219 (=anupaddavena DhA.III,293); Pv IV.6<sup>4</sup> (=nirupaddava PvA.262); Sn.269; <i>sotthinā</i> safely,prosperously D.I,72,96; II,346; M.I,135; J.II,87; III,201.<i>suvatthi</i> the same J.IV,32.See <i>sotthika </i>&<i> sovatthika</i>.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> a blessing J.I,343.<i>--kāra</i> an utterer of blessings,a herald J.VI,43.<i>--gata</i> safe wandering,prosperous journey Mhvs 8,10; sotthigamana the same J.I,272.<i>--bhāva</i> well-being,prosperity,safety J.I,209; III,44; DhA.II,58; PvA.250.<i>--vācaka</i> utterer of blessings,a herald Miln.359.<i>--sālā</i> a hospital Mhvs 10,101.(Page 725),6,1
  12823. 402630,en,15,sotthika,sotthika,Sotthika,Sotthika,( &#38; °iya) (adj.) [fr.sotthi] happy,auspicious,blessed,safe VvA.95; DhA.II,227 (°iya; in phrase <i>dīgha°</i> one who is happy for long [?]).(Page 725),8,1
  12824. 402643,en,15,sotthivant,sotthivant,Sotthivant,Sotthivant,(adj.) [sotthi+vant] lucky,happy,safe Vv 84<sup>52</sup>.(Page 725),10,1
  12825. 402648,en,15,sotthiya,sotthiya,Sotthiya,Sotthiya,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [der.?] a childbirth rag Vism.63.(Page 725),8,1
  12826. 402649,en,15,sotthiya,sotthiya,Sotthiya,Sotthiya,<sup>1</sup><i>=sottiya</i> a learned man,a brahmin Dh.295; ThA.200 (Ap.V,6); J.IV,301,303; V,466.(Page 725),8,1
  12827. 402658,en,15,sotti,sotti,Sotti,Sotti,(f.) [Sk.śukti] a shell (?) filled with chunam and lac,used for scratching the back,a back-scratcher acting as a sponge M.II,46; A.I,208; see <i>sutti</i> e.g.Vin.II,107.(Page 725),5,1
  12828. 402663,en,15,sottiya,sottiya,Sottiya,Sottiya,[=*śrotriya] well versed in sacred learning,a learned man M.I,280; Sn.533 sq.See sotthiya.(Page 725),7,1
  12829. 402667,en,15,sottun,sottun,Sottun,Sottun,see <i>supati</i>.(Page 725),6,1
  12830. 402678,en,15,sotukama,sotukāma,Sotukāma,Sotukāma,[sotuṁ (=inf.of suṇāti)+kāma] wish or wishing to hear A.I,150; IV,115; Vism.444; f.abstr.<i>°kamyatā</i> desire to listen A.V,145 sq.,SnA.135.(Page 725),8,1
  12831. 402692,en,15,sovacassa,sovacassa,Sovacassa,Sovacassa,(nt.) [fr.suvaca,in analogy to <i>dovacassa</i>] gentleness,suavity D.III,267; A.II,148; III,180; Nett 40; 127; °-karaṇa making for gentleness M.I,96; A.II,148=III,180.(Page 726),9,1
  12832. 402700,en,15,sovacassata,sovacassatā,Sovacassatā,Sovacassatā,(f.)=<i>sovacassa</i> M.I,126; D.III,212,274; A.I,83; III,310,423 sq.,449; IV,29; Sn.266; Dhs.1327; Pug.24.<i>Sovaccasāya </i>&<i> sovacassiya</i> the same (Dhs.1327; Pug.24).(Page 726),11,1
  12833. 402711,en,15,sovaggika,sovaggika,Sovaggika,Sovaggika,(adj.) [fr.sagga=*svarga; cp.the similar formation dovārika=dvāra] connected with heaven Vin.I,294; D.I,51; A.II,54,68; III,46,51,259; IV,245; S.I,90; DA.I,158.(Page 726),9,1
  12834. 402720,en,15,sovanna,sovaṇṇa,Sovaṇṇa,Sovaṇṇa,(adj.) [fr.suvaṇṇa] golden D.II,210; A.IV,393; PvA.II,12<sup>1</sup>; J.I,226; <i>°-maya</i> golden Vin.I,39; II,116; D.II,170 etc.; J.II,112.(Page 726),7,1
  12835. 402738,en,15,sovannaya,sovaṇṇaya,Sovaṇṇaya,Sovaṇṇaya,(adj.) [=sovaṇṇaka] golden J.I,226.(Page 726),9,1
  12836. 402748,en,15,sovatthika,sovatthika,Sovatthika,Sovatthika,(adj.) [either fr.sotthi with diæresis,or fr.su+atthi+ka=Sk.svastika] safe M.I,117; Vv 18<sup>7</sup> (=sotthika VvA.95); J.VI,339 (in the shape of a svastika? ); Pv IV.3<sup>3</sup> (=sotthi-bhāva-vāha PvA.250).<i>--âlaṅkāra</i> a kind of auspicious mark J.VI,488.(Page 726),10,1
  12837. 402763,en,15,soviraka,sovīraka,Sovīraka,Sovīraka,(nt.) [dialectical?] sour gruel Vin.I,210; S.II,111; Vv 19<sup>8</sup>; PugA 232.(Page 726),8,1
  12838. 402811,en,15,su,su,Su,Su,<sup>3</sup> (indecl.) (-°) [*ssu,fr.Vedic svid,interrog.part.,of which other forms are si and <i>sudaṁ</i>.It also stands for Vedic <i>sma</i>,deictic part.of emphasis,for which also <i>sa </i>&<i> assa</i>] a particle of interrogation,often added to interrogative pronouns; thus kaṁ su S.I,45; kena ssu S.I,39; kissa ssu S.I,39,161 (so read for kissassa); ko su Sn.173,181; kiṁ su Sn.1108; kathaṁ su Sn.183,185,1077; it is often also used as a pleonastic particle in narration; thus tadā su then D.II,212; hatthe su sati when the hand is there S.IV,171.It often takes the forms <i>ssu</i> and <i>assu;</i> thus tyassu=te assu D.II,287; yassāhaṁ=ye assu ahaṁ D.II,284 n.5; api ssu Vin.I,5; II,7,76; tad-assu=tadā su then J.I,196; tay’assu three Sn.231; āditt’assu kindled D.II,264; nāssu not Sn.291,295,297,309; sv-assu=so su J.I,196.Euphonic ṃ is sometimes added yehi-ṃ-su J.VI,564 n.3; kacciṁ-su Sn.1045,1079.(Page 715),2,1
  12839. 402812,en,15,su,su,Su,Su,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [onomat.] a part.of exclamation “shoo!”; usually repeated <i>su su</i> J.II,250; VI,165 (of the hissing of a snake); ThA.110 (scaring somebody away),305 (sound of puffing).Sometimes as <i>sū sū</i>,e.g.Tikp 280 (of a snake),cp.<i>sūkara</i>.-- Denom susumāyati (q.v.).(Page 714),2,1
  12840. 402813,en,15,su-,su-,Su-,Su-,<sup>2</sup> (indecl.) [Vedic su°,cp.Gr.eu]--] a particle,comb<sup>d</sup> with adj.,nouns,and certain verb forms,to express the notion of “well,happily,thorough” (cp.E.well-bred,wel-come,wel-fare); opp.<i>du°</i>.It often acts as simple intensive prefix (cp.saṁ°) in the sense of “very,” and is thus also comb<sup>d</sup> with concepts which in themselves denote a deficiency or bad quality (cp.su-pāpika “very wicked”) and the prefix <i>du°</i> (e.g.su-duj-jaya,su-duddasa,su-dub-bala).-- Our usual practice is to register words with <i>su°</i> under the simple word,whenever the character of the composition is evident at first sight (cp.<i>du°</i>).For convenience of the student however we give in the foll.a few comp<sup>ns</sup> as illustrating the use of <i>su°</i>.<br><br> <i>--kaṭa</i> well done,good,virtuous D.I,55; Miln.5; <i>sukata</i> the same D.I,27; (nt.) a good deed,virtue Dh.314; A.III,245.<i>--kara</i> feasible,easy D.I,250; Dh.163; Sn.p.123; na sukaro so Bhagavā amhehi upasaṁkamituṁ S.I,9.<i>--kiccha</i> great trouble,pain J.IV,451.<i>--kittika</i> well expounded Sn.1057.<i>--kumāra</i> delicate,lovely Mhvs 59,29; see sukhumāla.<i>--kumālatta</i> loveliness DA.I,282.<i>--kusala</i> very skilful J.I,220; <i>--khara</i> very hard (-hearted) J.VI,508.(=suṭṭhu khara C.).<i>--khetta</i> a good field D.II,353; A.I,135; S.I,21.<i>--gajjin</i> shrieking beautifully (of peacocks) Th.1,211.<i>--gandha</i> fragrant J.II,20; pleasant odour Dhs.625.<i>--gandhi</i>=sugandha J 100.<i>--gandhika</i> fragrant Mhvs 7,27; J.I,266.<i>--gahana</i> a good grip,tight seizing J.I,223.<i>--gahita</i> and <i>suggahita</i>,grasped tightly,attentive A.II,148,169; III,179; J.I,163,222.<i>--ggava</i> virtuous J.IV,53 (probably misspelling for <i>suggata)</i>.<i> --ghara</i> having a nice house J.VI,418,420.<i>--carita</i> well conducted,right,good Dh.168 sq.(nt.) good conduct,virtue,merit A.I,49 sq.,57,102; D.III,52,96,152 sq.,169; Dh.231; It.55,59 sq.; Ps.I,115; Vism.199.<i>--citta</i> much variegated Dh.151; DhA.III,122.<i>--cchanna</i> well covered Dh.14.<i>--cchavi</i> having a lovely skin,pleasant to the skin D.III,159; J.V,215; VI,269.<i>--jana</i> a good man Mhvs 1,85.<i>--jāta</i> well born,of noble birth D.I,93; Sn.548 sq.<i>--jāti</i> of noble family Mhvs 24,50.<i>--jīva</i> easy to live Dh.244.<i>--tanu</i> having a slender waist Vv 64<sup>12</sup> (=sundara-sarīra VvA.280).<i>--danta</i> well subdued,tamed D.II,254; Dh.94; A.IV,376.<i>--dassa</i> easily seen Dh.252; (m.) a kind of gods,found in the fourteenth rūpa-brahmaloka D.II,52; Pug.17; Kvu 207.<i>--diṭṭha</i> well seen Sn.178; p.143.<i>--divasa</i> a lucky day J.IV,209.<i>--dujjaya</i> difficult to win Mhvs 26,3.<i>--duttara</i> very difficult to escape from A.V,232 sq.,253 sq.; Dh.86; Sn.358.<i>--dukkara</i> very difficult to do J.V,31.<i>--duccaja</i> very hard to give up J.VI,473.<i>--duddasa</i> very difficult to see Vin.I,5; Th.1,1098; Dh.36; DhA.I,300; used as an epithet of Nibbāna S.IV,369.<i>--duppadhaṁsiya</i> very difficult to overwhelm D.III,176.<i>--dubbala</i> very weak Sn.4.<i>--dullabha</i> very difficult to obtain Sn.138; Vv 44<sup>19</sup>; Vism.2; VvA.20.<i>--desika</i> a good guide Miln.354; DhsA.123; Vism.465.<i>--desita</i> well preached Dh.44; Sn.88,230.<i>--ddiṭṭha</i> [=su+uddiṭṭha] well set out Vin.I,129; J.IV,192.<i>--ddhanta</i> well blown M.III,243; DhsA.326;=saṁdhanta A.I,253; Vin.II,59.<i>--dhammatā</i> good nature,good character,goodness,virtue J.II,159; V,357; VI,527.<i>--dhota</i> well washed,thoroughly clean J.I,331.<i>--nandī</i> (scil.vedanā) pleasing,pleasurable S.I,53.<i>--naya</i> easily deducted,clearly understood A.III,179=sunnaya A.II,148; III,179 (v.l.).<i>--nahāta</i> well bathed,well groomed D.I,104; as sunhāta at S.I,79.<i>--nimmadaya</i> easily overcome D 243 and sq.<i>--nisita</i> well whetted or sharpened J.IV,118; as °nissita at J.VI,248.<i>--nisit-agga</i> with a very sharp point VvA.227.<i>--nīta</i> well understood A.I,59.<i>--pakka</i> thoroughly ripe Mhvs 15,38.<i>--paṇṇasālā</i> a beautiful hut J.I,7.<i>--patittha</i> having beautiful banks D.II,129; Ud.83=sūpatittha M.I,76.See also under <i>sūpatittha</i>.<i> --parikammakata</i> well prepared,well polished D.I,76; A.II,201; DA.I,221.<i>--pariccaja</i> easy to give away J.III,68.<i>--parimaṇḍala</i> well rounded,complete Mhvs 37,225.<i>--parihīna</i> thoroughly bereft,quite done for It.35.<i>--pāpa-kammin</i> very wicked J.V,143.<i>--pāpa-dhamma</i> very <i>wicked</i> Vv 52<sup>1</sup>.<i>--pāpika</i> very sinful,wicked A.II,203.<i>--pāyita</i> well saturated,i.e.hardened (of a sword) J.IV,118.Cp.<i>suthita</i>.<i> --pāsiya</i> easily threaded (of a needle) J.III,282.<i>--picchita</i> well polished,shiny,slippery J.V,197 (cp.Sk.picchala?).Dutoit “fest gepresst” (<i>pīḷ</i>?),so also Kern,Toev.II.85.C.expl<sup>s</sup> as <i>suphassita</i>.<i> --pipi</i> good to drink J.VI,526.<i>--pīta</i> see <i>suthita</i>.<i> --pubbaṇha</i> a good morning A.I,294.<i>--posatā</i> good nature Vin.I,45.<i>--ppaṭikāra</i> easy requital A.I,123.<i>--ppaṭipanna</i> well conducted A.II,56; Pug.48; --tā,good conduct Nett 50.<i>--ppaṭippatāḷita</i> well played on D.II,171; A.IV,263.<i>--ppaṭividdha</i> thoroughly understood A.II,185.<i>--ppatiṭṭhita</i> firmly established It.77; Sn.444.<i>--ppatīta</i> well pleased Mhvs 24,64.<i>--ppadhaṁsiya</i> easily assaulted or overwhelmed D.III,176; S.II,264.Cp.°duppadhaṁsiya.<i>--ppadhota</i> thoroughly cleansed D.II,324.<i>--ppabhāta</i> a good daybreak Sn.178.<i>--ppameyya</i> easily fathomed D.I,266; Pug.35.<i>--ppavādita</i> (music) well played Vv 39.<i>--ppavāyita</i> well woven,evenly woven Vin.III,259.<i>--ppavedita</i> well preached It.78; Th.2,341; ThA.240.<i>--ppasanna</i> thoroughly full of faith Mhvs 34,74.<i>--ppahāra</i> a good blow J.III,83.<i>--phassita</i> agreeable to touch,very soft J.I,220; V,197 (C.for supicchita); smooth VvA.275.<i>--bahu</i> very much,very many Mhvs 20,9; 30,18; 34,15; 37,48.<i>--bāḷhika</i> see <i>bāḷhika</i>.<i> --bbata</i> virtuous,devout D.I,52; S.I,236; Sn.220; Dh.95; J.VI,493; DhA.II,177; III,99; PvA.226; VvA.151.<i>--bbināya</i> easy to understand Nd 326.<i>--bbuṭṭhi</i> abundant rainfall Mhvs 15,97; DhA.I,52; <i>--kā</i> the same D.I,11.<i>--brahā</i> very big J.IV,111.<i>--bhara</i> easily supported,frugal; --tā frugality Vin.I,45; II,2; M.I,13.<i>--bhikkha</i> having plenty of food (nt.) plenty D.I,11.<i>--°vāca</i> called plenty,renowned for great liberality It.66.<i>--bhūmi</i> good soil M.I,124.<i>--majja</i> well polished J.III,282.<i>--majjhantika</i> a good noon A.I,294.<i>--mati</i> wise Mhvs 15,214.<i>--matikata</i> well harrowed A.I,239.<i>--mada</i> very joyful J.V,328.<i>--mana</i> glad,happy D.I,3; III,269; A.II,198; Sn.222,1028; Dh.68; Vism.174.kind,friendly J.IV,217 (opp.disa).<i>--manohara</i> very charming Mhvs 26,17.<i>--manta</i> welladvised,careful Miln.318.<i>--mānasa</i> joyful Vin.I,25; Mhvs 1,76.<i>--māpita</i> well built J.I,7.<i>--mutta</i> happily released D.II,162.<i>--medha</i> wise Vin.I,5; M.I,142; A.II,49 and sq.; Dh.208; Sn.117,211 etc.; It.33; Nd<sup>1</sup> 453.<i>--medhasa</i> wise D.II,267; A.II,70; Dh.29.<i>--yiṭṭha</i> well sacrificed A.II,44.<i>--yutta</i> well suited,suitable J.I,296.<i>--ratta</i> very red J.I,119; DhA.I,249.<i>--rabhi</i> fragrant S.IV,71; Vv 84<sup>32</sup>; J.I,119; A.III,238; Vv 44<sup>12</sup>,53<sup>8</sup>,71<sup>6</sup>; Pv.II,12<sup>3</sup>; Vism.195 (°vilepana); VvA.237; PvA.77; Davs.IV,40; Miln.358.--°karaṇḍaka fragrance box,a fragrant box Th.2,253; ThA.209.<i>--ruci</i> resplendent Sn.548.<i>--ruddha</i> very fierce J.V,425,431 (read <i>°rudda)</i>.<i> --rūpin</i> handsome Mhvs 22,20.<i>--rosita</i> nicely anointed J.V,173.<i>--laddha</i> well taken; (nt.) a good gain,bliss Vin.I,17; It.77.<i>--labha</i> easy to be obtained It.102; J.I,66; VI,125; PvA.87.<i>--vaca</i> of nice speech,compliant M.I,43,126; Sn.143; A.III,78; J.I,224.Often with <i>padakkhiṇaggāhin</i> (q.v.).See also <i>subbaca</i> &#38; abstr.der.<i>sovacassa</i>.<i> --vatthi</i> [i.e.su+asti] hail,well-being Cp.100=J.IV,31; cp.<i>sotthi</i>.<i> --vammita</i> well harnessed J.I,179.<i>--vavatthāpita</i> well known,ascertained J.I,279; Miln.10.<i>--vānaya</i> [i.e.su-v-ānaya] easily brought,easy to catch J.I,80,124,238.<i>--viggaha</i> of a fine figure,handsome Mhvs 19,28.<i>--vijāna</i> easily known Sn.92; J.IV,217.<i>--viññāpaya</i> easy to instruct Vin.I,6.<i>--vidūravidūra</i> very far off A.II,50.<i>--vibhatta</i> well divided and arranged Sn.305.<i>--vilitta</i> well perfumed D.I,104.<i>--vimhita</i> very dismayed J.VI,270.<i>--visada</i> very clean or clear SnA 195.<i>--visama</i> very uneven,dangerous Th.II,352; ThA.242.<i>--vihīna</i> thoroughly bereft J.I,144.<i>--vuṭṭhikā</i> abundance of rain J.II,80; SnA 27; DA.I,95; see <i>subbuṭṭhikā</i>.<i> --vositaṁ</i> happily ended J.IV,314.<i>--saṅkhata</i> well prepared A.II,63.<i>--saññā</i> (f.) having a good understanding J.V,304; VI,49,52,503 (for °soññā? C.sussoṇiya,i.e.having beautiful hips); Ap 307 (id.).<i>--saññata</i> thoroughly restrained J.I,188.<i>--saṇṭhāna</i> having a good consistence,well made Sn.28.<i>--sattha</i> well trained J.III,4.<i>--sandhi</i> having a lovely opening J.V,204.<i>--samāgata</i> thoroughly applied to A.IV,271 (aṭṭhaṅga°,i.e.uposatha).<i>--samāraddha</i> thoroughly undertaken D.II,103; S.II,264 sq.; Dh.293; DhA.III,452.<i>--samāhita</i> well grounded,steadfast D.II,120; Dh.10; DhA.IV,114; It.113; --atta of steadfast mind S.I,4,29.<i>--samucchinna</i> thoroughly eradicated M.I,102.<i>--samuṭṭhāpaya</i> easily raised S.V,113.<i>--samudānaya</i> easy to accomplish J.III,313.<i>--sambuddha</i> easy to understand Vin.I,5; Sn.764; S.I,136.<i>--sāyaṇha</i> a good,blissful evening A.I,294.<i>--sikkhita</i> well learnt,thoroughly acquired Sn.261; easily trained,docile J.I,444; II,43.<i>--sikkhāpita</i> well taught,trained J.I,444.<i>--sippika</i> a skilful workman Mhvs 34,72.<i>--sīla</i> moral,virtuous S.I,141.<i>--sukka</i> very white,resplendent D.II,18; III,144; Sn.548.<i>--seyya</i> lying on soft beds S.II,268.<i>--ssata</i> well remembered M.I,520.<i>--ssara</i> melodious Vv 36<sup>4</sup>; SnA 355.<i>--ssavana</i> good news J.I,61.<i>--ssoṇi</i> having beautiful hips J.IV,19; V,7,294; cp.sussoṇiya J.VI,503, &#38; see <i>°saññā</i>.<i> --hajja</i> friend S.IV,59; Dh.219; Sn.37; J.I,274; A.IV,96; DhA.III,293.<i>--hada</i> friendly,good-hearted a friend D.III,187 (=sundara-hadaya C.) J.IV,76; VI,382; suhadā a woman with child J.V,330.<i>--hanna</i> modesty J.I,421.See <i>hanna</i>.<i> --huṭṭhita</i> [su+ uṭṭhita] well risen Sn.178.<i>--huta</i> well offered,burnt as a sacrifical offering A.II,44.(Page 714),3,1
  12841. 402821,en,15,su,sū,Sū,Sū,(indecl.) an onomat.part.“shoo,” applied to hissing sounds:see <i>su<sup>1</sup></i>.Also doubled:<i>sū sū</i> DhA.I,171; III,352.Cp.sūkara &#38; sūsūyati.(Page 721),2,1
  12842. 402839,en,15,subbaca,subbaca,Subbaca,Subbaca,(adj.) [su+vaca] compliant,meek A.III,180.See also suvaca (under su°).Der.sovacassa.(Page 719),7,1
  12843. 402858,en,15,subbhu,subbhū,Subbhū,Subbhū,(adj.) [su+<em>bhū</em>,Sk.bhrū,see bhūkuṭi] having beautiful eyebrows J.IV,18 (=subhamukhā C.).(Page 719),6,1
  12844. 402878,en,15,subha,subha,Subha,Subha,(adj.) [Vedic śubhas fr.subh; cp.sobhati] shining,bright,beautiful D.I,76=II.13=M.III,102; Dhs.250; DA.I,221; auspicious,lucky,pleasant Sn.341; It.80; good Sn.824,910; subhato maññati to consider as a good thing Sn.199; J.I,146; cp.S.IV,111; (nt.) welfare,good,pleasantness,cleanliness,beauty,pleasure; <i>--vasena</i> for pleasure’s sake J.I,303,304; asubha anything repulsive,disgusting or unpleasant S.I,188; V,320; subhâsubha pleasant and unpleasant Miln.136; J.III,243 (niraya=subhānaṁ asubhaṁ unpleasant for the good,C.); cp.below subhāsubha.<br><br> --aṅgana with beautiful courts J.VI,272.--âsubha good and bad,pleasant &#38; unpleasant Dh.409=Sn.633.--kiṇṇa the lustrous devas,a class of devas D II 69; M I 2.329,390; III,102; A.I,122; J.III,358; Kvu 207; also written °kiṇha A.II,231,233; IV,40,401; Vism.414,420 sq.; VbhA.520; KhA 86.--gati going to bliss,to heaven Mhvs 25,115.--ṭṭhāyin existing or remaining,continuing,in glory D.I,17; DA.I,110; A.V,60.--dhātu the element of splendour S.II,150.--nimitta auspicious sign,auspiciousness as an object of one’s thought M I 26; A.I,3,87,200; S.V,64,103; Vism.20.--saññā perception or notion of what is pleasant or beautiful Nett 27.Opp.asubhasaññā concept of repulsiveness A.I,42; II,17; III,79; IV,46; V,106.See asubha.--saññin considering as beautiful A.II,52.(Page 719),5,1
  12845. 402904,en,15,subhaga,subhaga,Subhaga,Subhaga,(adj.) [su+bhaga] lucky; °karaṇa making happy or beloved (by charms) D.I,11; DA.I,96.-- Der.Sobhagga (Page 719),7,1
  12846. 403007,en,15,sucaka,sūcaka,Sūcaka,Sūcaka,[fr.<em>sūc</em> to point out] an informer,slanderer S.II,257 (=pesuñña-kāraka C.); Sn.246.Cp.saṁ°.(Page 721),6,1
  12847. 403015,en,15,sucana,sūcana,Sūcana,Sūcana,(nt.) indicating,exhibiting Dhtp 592 (for <i>gandh</i>).(Page 721),6,1
  12848. 403065,en,15,suci,suci,Suci,Suci,(adj.) [Vedic śuci] pure,clean,white D.I,4; A.I,293; Sn.226,410.-- opp.<i>asuci</i> impure A.III,226; V,109,266.-- (nt.) purity,pure things J.I,22; goodness,merit Dp 245; a tree used for making foot-boards VvA.8.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> whose actions are pure Dh.24.<i>--gandha</i> having a sweet perfume Dh.58; DhA.I,445.<i>--gavesin</i> longing for purity S.I,205; DhA.III,354.<i>--ghaṭika</i> read sūcighaṭikā at Vin.II,237.<i>--ghara</i> Vin.II,301 sq.; see sūcighara.<i>--jātika</i> of clean descent J.II,11.<i>--bhojana</i> pure food Sn.128.<i>--mhita</i> having a pleasant,serene smile Vv 18<sup>10</sup>; 50<sup>25</sup>; 64<sup>12</sup>; VvA.96,280 (also explained as a name); J.IV,107.<i>--vasana</i> wearing clean,bright clothes Sn.679.(Page 717),4,1
  12849. 403075,en,15,suci,sūci,Sūci,Sūci,(f.) [cp.Sk.sūci; doubtful whether to <em>sīv</em>] a needle Vin.II,115,117,177; S.II,215 sq.,257; J.I,111,248; Vism.284 (in simile); a hairpin Th.2,254; J.I,9; a small door-bolt,a pin to secure the bolt M.I,126; Th.2,116; J.I,360; V,294 (so for suci); ThA.117; cross-bar of a rail,railing [cp.BSk.sūcī Divy 221] D.II,179.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> a needle-maker S.II,216.<i>--ghaṭikā</i> a small bolt to a door Vin.II,237; Ud.52; A.IV,206; J.I,346; VI,444; Vism.394.<i>--ghara</i> a needle case Vin.II,301 sq.; IV,123,167; S.II,231; J.I,170.<i>--nāḷikā</i> a needle-case made of bamboo Vin.II,116.<i>--mukha</i> “needle-mouthed,” a mosquito Abhp 646; a sort of intestinal worm; °ā pāṇā (in the Gūthaniraya purgatory) M.III,185.<i>--loma</i> needle-haired,having hair like needles S.II,257; name of a Yakkha at Gayā S.I,207; Sn.p.48; SnA 551; Vism.208.<i>--vatta</i> needle-faced,having a mouth like a needle Pgdp 55.<i>--vāṇijaka</i> a needle-seller S.II,215.(Page 721),4,1
  12850. 403101,en,15,sucika,sūcikā,Sūcikā,Sūcikā,(f.) [fr.sūci] 1.a needle; (fig.) hunger Pv.II,8<sup>3</sup>; PvA.107.-- 2.a small bolt to a door Vin.II,120,148.‹-› sūcik’aṭṭha whose bones are like needles (?) Pv III,2<sup>3</sup>; PvA.180 (sūcigātā ti vā pāṭho.Vijjhanatthena sūcikā ti laddhanāmāya khuppipāsāya ajjhāpīḷitā.Sūcikaṇṭhā ti keci paṭhanti.Sūcichiddasadisā mukhadvārā ti attho).(Page 721),6,1
  12851. 403123,en,15,sucimant,sucimant,Sucimant,Sucimant,(adj.) [suci+mant] pure,an epithet of the Buddha A.IV,340.(Page 717),8,1
  12852. 403192,en,15,suda,sūda,Sūda,Sūda,[Sk.sūda; for etym.see sādu] a cook D.I,51; S.V,149 sq.; J.V,292; DA.I,157; Vism.150 (in simile); Pv.II,9<sup>37</sup>,9<sup>50</sup>.(Page 721),4,1
  12853. 403200,en,15,sudaka,sūdaka,Sūdaka,Sūdaka,<i>=sūda</i> (cook) J.V,507.(Page 721),6,1
  12854. 403207,en,15,sudam,sudaṁ,Sudaṁ,Sudaṁ,(indecl.) [=Vedic svid,influenced by sma:see su<sup>3</sup>] a deictic (seemingly pleonastic) particle in comb<sup>n</sup> with demonstr.pronouns and adverbs; untranslatable,unless by “even,just,” e.g.tapassī sudaṁ homi,lūkha ssudaṁ [sic] homi etc.M.I,77=J.I,390; cp.itthaṁ sudaṁ thus Sn.p.59; tatra sudaṁ there Vin.I,4,34; IV,108; D.I,87; II,91; It.15; api ssudaṁ D.II,264; S.I,119; api sudaṁ S.I,113; sā ssudam S.II,255.(Page 718),5,1
  12855. 403268,en,15,sudda,sudda,Sudda,Sudda,[cp.Vedic śūdra] (see detail under vaṇṇa 6) a Sūdra Vin.II,239; D.I,104; III,81,95 sq.(origin); M.I,384; A.I,162; II,194; S.I,102; Pug.60; Sn.314; fem.<i>suddī</i> D.I,241; A.III,226,229; Vin.III,133.(Page 718),5,1
  12856. 403279,en,15,suddha,suddha,Suddha,Suddha,[pp.of sujjhati] 1.clean,pure,Vin.I,16; II,152; D.I,110; Sn.476.-- 2.purified,pure of heart M.I,39; Dh.125,412; Sn.90 -- 3.simple,mere,unmixed,nothing but S.I,135; DhsA.72; J.II,252 (°daṇḍaka just the stick).<br><br> <i>--antaparivāsa</i> a probation of complete purification Vin.II,59 sq.<i>--ājīva</i> clean livelihood VbhA.116; DhA.IV,111.<i>--ājīvin</i> living a pure life Dp 366.<i>--ânupassin</i> considering what is pure Sn.788; Nd<sup>1</sup> 85.<i>--āvāsa</i> pure abode,name of a heaven and of the devas inhabiting it D.II,50; Vism.392.Five are enum<sup>d</sup> at D.III,237,viz.Avihā,Atappā,Sudassā,Sudassī,Akaniṭṭhā; cp.M.III,103.<i>--āvāsakāyika</i> belonging to the pure abode,epithet of the Suddhāvāsa devas Vin.II,302; D.II,253; S.I,26.<i>--pīti</i> whose joy is pure Mhvs 29,49.<i>--buddhi</i> of pure intellect J.I,1.<i>--vaṁsatā</i> purity of lineage Mhvs 59,25.<i>--vasana</i> wearing pure clothes Th.2,338; ThA.239.<i>--vālukā</i> white sand Mhvs 19,37.<i>--saṅkhārapuñja</i> a mere heap of saṅkhāras S.I,135.(Page 718),6,1
  12857. 403293,en,15,suddhaka,suddhaka,Suddhaka,Suddhaka,(nt.) [suddha+ka] a trifle,a minor offence,less than a Saṅghādisesa Vin.II,67.(Page 719),8,1
  12858. 403313,en,15,suddhata,suddhatā,Suddhatā,Suddhatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.suddha] purity Sn.435.(Page 719),8,1
  12859. 403316,en,15,suddhatta,suddhatta,Suddhatta,Suddhatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.suddha] purity D.II,14; Vism.44.(Page 719),9,1
  12860. 403340,en,15,suddhi,suddhi,Suddhi,Suddhi,(f.) [fr.<em>śudh</em>] purity,purification,genuineness,sterling quality D.I,54; M.I,80; II,132,147; S.I,166,169,182; IV,372; Th.2,293; DhA.III,158 (v.l.visuddhi); VvA.60 (payoga°); Vism.43 (fourfold:desanā°,saṁvara°,pariyeṭṭhi°,paccavekkhaṇa°); Dhs.1005; Sn.478; suddhiṁvada stating purity,Sn.910; Nd<sup>1</sup> 326; suddhināya leading to purity Sn.910.Cp.pari°,vi°.<br><br> <i>--magga</i> the path of purification (cp.visuddhi°) S.I,103.(Page 719),6,1
  12861. 403346,en,15,suddhika,suddhika,Suddhika,Suddhika,(adj.) [suddhi+ka] 1.connected with purification Dhs.519--522; udaka-s.pure by use of water S.I,182; Vin.I,196; udakasuddhikā (f.) cleaning by water Vin.IV,262; susāna-s.fastidious in the matter of cemeteries J.II,54.-- 2.pure,simple; orthodox,schematized; justified Nd<sup>1</sup> 89 (vatta°); Vism.63 (ekato &#38; ubhato),64 (id.); DhsA.185 (jhāna).(Page 719),8,1
  12862. 403378,en,15,sudha,sudhā,Sudhā,Sudhā,(f.) [cp.Sk.sudhā] 1.the food of the gods,ambrosia J.V,396; Vism.258=KhA 56 (sakkhara°).-- 2.lime,plaster,whitewash,cement Vin.II,154; <i>°-kamma</i> whitewashing,coating of cement J.VI,432; Mhvs 38,74.(Page 719),5,1
  12863. 403529,en,15,sugata,sugata,Sugata,Sugata,[su+gata] faring well,happy,having a happy life after death (gati):see under <i>gata;</i> cp.Vism.424 (s.= sugati-gata).Freq.Ep.of the Buddha (see Dict.of Names).<br><br> <i>--aṅgula</i> a Buddha-inch,an inch according to the standard accepted by Buddhists Vin.IV,168.<i>--ālaya</i> imitation of the Buddha J.I,490,491; II,38,148,162; III,112.<i>--ovāda</i> a discourse of the Blessed one J.I,119,349; II,9,13,46; III,368.<i>--vidatthi</i> a Buddha-span,a span of the accepted length Vin.III,149; IV,173.<i>--vinaya</i> the discipline of the Buddha A.II,147.(Page 716),6,1
  12864. 403553,en,15,sugati,sugati,Sugati,Sugati,(f.) [su+gati] happiness,bliss,a happy fate (see detail under <i>gati</i>) Vin.II,162,195; D.I,143; II,141; Pug.60; It.24,77,112; A.III,5,205; V,268; Vism.427 (where def<sup>d</sup> as “sundarā gati” &#38; distinguished fr.<i>sagga</i> as including “manussagati,” whereas sagga is “devagati”); VbhA.158; DhA.I,153.-- <i>suggati</i> (in verses),Dh.18; D.II,202 (printed as prose); J.IV,436 (=sagga C.); VI,224.Kern,Toev.II.83 expl<sup>d</sup> suggati as svargati,analogous to svar-ga (=sagga); doubtful.Cp.<i>duggati</i>.(Page 716),6,1
  12865. 403570,en,15,sugatin,sugatin,Sugatin,Sugatin,(adj.) [fr.sugati] righteous Dh.126; J.I,219= Vin.II,162 (suggatī).(Page 716),7,1
  12866. 403637,en,15,suhata,suhatā,Suhatā,Suhatā,(f.) [sukha+tā] happiness J.III,158. Suhadā……..(?) (Page 721),6,1
  12867. 403645,en,15,suhita,suhita,Suhita,Suhita,(adj.) [su+hita] satiated M.I,30; J.I,266,361; V,384; Miln.249.(Page 721),6,1
  12868. 403667,en,15,suja,sujā,Sujā,Sujā,(f.) [Vedic sruc,f.] a sacrificial ladle D.I,120,138; S.I,169; DA.I,289,299.(Page 717),4,1
  12869. 403707,en,15,sujjhana,sujjhana,Sujjhana,Sujjhana,(nt.) [fr.sujjhati] purification Vism.44.(Page 717),8,1
  12870. 403714,en,15,sujjhati,sujjhati,Sujjhati,Sujjhati,<i> </i>[<em>śudh</em> which the Dhtp (417) defines as “soceyye,” i.e.from cleansing] to become clean or pure M.I,39; S.I,34,166; Nd<sup>1</sup> 85; Vism.3; cp.<i>pari°</i>.-- pp.<i>suddha</i>.-- Caus.<i>sodheti</i> (q.v.).(Page 717),8,1
  12871. 403727,en,15,suju,sūju,Sūju,Sūju,(adj.) [su+uju] upright Sn.143=Kh IX.1 (=suṭṭhu uju KhA 236).(Page 721),4,1
  12872. 403735,en,15,suka,suka,Suka,Suka,[Vedic śuka,fr.<em>śuc</em>] a parrot J.I,458; II,132; instead of suka read sūka S.V,10.See suva.(Page 715),4,1
  12873. 403744,en,15,suka,sūka,Sūka,Sūka,[cp.Sk.śūka] the awn of barley etc.S.V,10,48; A.I,8.(Page 721),4,1
  12874. 403772,en,15,sukara,sūkara,Sūkara,Sūkara,[Sk.sūkara,perhaps as sū+kara; cp.Av.hū pig,Gr.u(_s; Lat.sūs; Ags.sū=E.sow] a hog,pig Vin.I,200; D.I,5; A.II,42 (kukkuṭa+),209; It.36; J.I,197 (Muṇika); II,419 (Sālūka); III,287 (Cullatuṇḍila &#38; Mahā-tuṇḍila); Miln.118,267; VbhA.11 (vara-sayane sayāpita).-- f.<i>sūkarī</i> J.II,406 (read vañjha°).<br><br> <i>--antaka</i> a kind of girdle Vin.II,136.<i>--maṁsa</i> pork A.III,49 (sampanna-kolaka).<i>--maddava</i> is with Franke (Dīgha trsl<sup>n</sup> 222 sq.) to be interpreted as “soft (tender) boar’s flesh.” So also Oldenberg (Reden des B.1922,100) &#38; Fleet (J.R.A.S.1906,656 &#38; 881).Scarcely with Rh.D.(Dial.II.137,with note) as “quantity of truffles” D.II,127; Ud.81 sq.; Miln.175.<i>--potaka</i> the young of a pig J.V,19.<i>--sāli</i> a kind of wild rice J.VI,531 (v.l.sukasāli).(Page 721),6,1
  12875. 403813,en,15,sukarika,sūkarika,Sūkarika,Sūkarika,[fr.sūkara; BSk.saukarika Divy 505] a pigkiller,pork-butcher S.II,257; A.II,207; III,303; Pug.56; Th.2,242; J.VI,111; ThA.204.(Page 721),8,1
  12876. 403852,en,15,sukha,sukha,Sukha,Sukha,(adj.-n.) [Vedic sukha; in R.V.only of <i>ratha;</i> later generally] agreeable,pleasant,blest Vin.I,3; Dh.118,194,331; Sn.383; paṭipadā,pleasant path,easy progress A.II,149 sq.; Dhs.178; kaṇṇa-s.pleasant to the ear D.I,4; happy,pleased D.II,233.-- nt.<i>sukhaṁ</i> wellbeing,happiness,ease; ideal,success Vin.I,294; D.I,73 sq.; M.I,37; S.I,5; A.III,355 (deva-manussānaṁ); It.47; Dh.2; Sn.67; Dhs.10; DhsA.117; PvA.207 (lokiya° worldly happiness).-- <i>kāyika sukkha</i> bodily welfare Tikp 283; cp.Cpd.112<sup>1</sup>; <i>sāmisaṁ</i> s.material happiness A.I,81; III,412; VbhA.268.On relation to <i>pīti</i> (joy) see Vism.145 (saṅkhāra-kkhandha-saṅgahitā pīti,vedanā-kkhandha-saṅgahitaṁ sukhaṁ) and Cpd.56,243.-- Defined further at Vism.145 &#38; 461 (iṭṭha-phoṭṭhabb-ânubhavana-lakkhaṇaṁ; i.e.of the kind of experiencing pleasant contacts).-- Two kinds,viz.<i>kāyika </i>&<i> cetasika</i> at Ps.I,188; several other pairs at A.I,80; three (praise,wealth,heaven) It.67; another three (manussa°,dibba°,nibbāna°) DhA.III,51; four (possessing,making good use of possessions,having no debts,living a blameless life) A.II,69.-- gātha-bandhana-sukh’atthaṁ for the beauty of the verse J.II,224.-- Opp.<i>asukha</i> D.III,222,246; Sn.738; or <i>dukkha</i>,with which often comb<sup>d</sup> (e.g.Sn.67,873,with spelling <i>dukha</i> at both pass.).-- Cases:Instr.<i>sukhena</i> with comfort,happily,through happiness Th.1,220; DhsA.406; Acc.<i>sukhaṁ</i> comfortably,in happiness; <i>yathā s</i>.according to liking PvA.133; <i>sukhaṁ seti</i> to rest in ease,to lie well S.I,41; A.I,136; Dh.19,201; J.I,141.Cp.sukhasayita.-- s.edhati to thrive,prosper S.I,217; Dh.193; Sn.298; cp.sukham-edha Vin.III,137 (with Kern’s remarks Toev.II.83).s.<i>viharati</i> to live happily,A.I,96; III,3; Dh.379.-- Der.<i>sokhya</i>.<br><br> <i>--atthin</i> fem.--nī longing for happiness Mhvs 6,4.<i>--āvaha</i> bringing happiness,conducive to ease S.I,2 sq.,55; Dh.35; J.II,42.<i>--indriya</i> the faculty of ease S.V,209 sq.; Dhs.452; It.15,52.<i>--udraya</i> (sometimes spelt <i>°undriya</i>) having a happy result A.I,97; Ps.I,80; Pv IV.1<sup>78</sup> (=sukha-vipāka PvA.243); Vv 31<sup>8</sup>.<i>--ūpaharaṇa</i> happy offering,luxury J.I,231.<i>--edhita</i> read as <i>sukhe ṭhita</i> (i.e.being happy) at Vin.III,13 &#38; S.V,351 (v.l.sukhe ṭhita); also at DhA.I,165; cp.J.VI,219.<i>--esin</i> looking for pleasure Dh.341.<i>--kāma</i> longing for happiness M.I,341; S.IV,172,188.<i>--da</i> giving pleasure Sn.297.<i>--dhamma</i> a good state M.I,447.<i>--nisinna</i> comfortably seated J.IV,125.<i>--paṭisaṁvedin</i> experiencing happiness Pug.61.<i>--ppatta</i> come to well-being,happy J.III,112.<i>--pharaṇatā</i> diffusion of well-being,ease Nett 89 (among the constituents of samādhi).<i>--bhāgiya</i> participating in happiness Nett 120 sq.,125 sq.,239 (the four s.dhammā are indriyasaṁvara,tapasaṁkhāta puññadhamma,bojjhaṅgabhāvanā and sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggasaṅkhāta nibbāna).<i>--bhūmi</i> a soil of ease,source of ease Dhs.984; DhsA.346.<i>--yānaka</i> an easy-going cart DhA 325.<i>--vinicchaya</i> discernment of happiness M.III,230 sq.<i>--vipāka</i> resulting in happiness,ease D.I,51; A.I,98; DA.I,158.<i>--vihāra</i> dwelling at ease S.V,326.<i>--vihārin</i> dwelling at ease,well at ease D.I,75; Dhs.163; J.I,140.<i>--saṁvāsa</i> pleasant to associate with Dh.207.<i>--saññin</i> conceiving happiness,considering as happiness A.II,52.<i>--samuddaya</i> origin of bliss It.16,52.<i>--samphassa</i> pleasant to touch Dhs.648.<i>--sammata</i> deemed a plea‹-› sure Sn.760.<i>--sayita</i> well embedded (in soil),of seeds A.III,404=D.II,354.(Page 716),5,1
  12877. 403996,en,15,sukhayati,sukhāyati,Sukhāyati,Sukhāyati,[denom.fr.sukha] to be pleased J.II,31 (asukhāyamāna being displeased with).(Page 716),9,1
  12878. 404021,en,15,sukheti,sukheti,Sukheti,Sukheti,[Caus.fr.sukha] to make happy D.I,51; S.IV,331; DA.I,157; also <i>sukhayati</i> DhsA.117; Caus.II.<i>sukhāpeti</i> D.II,202; Miln.79.-- pp.<i>sukhita</i>.(Page 716),7,1
  12879. 404036,en,15,sukhin,sukhin,Sukhin,Sukhin,(adj.) [fr.sukha] happy,at ease D.I,31,73,108; A.II,185; S.I,20,170; III,83; Dh.177; Sn.145; being well,unhurt J.III,541; fem.<i>--nī</i> D.II,13; M.II,126.(Page 716),6,1
  12880. 404044,en,15,sukhita,sukhita,Sukhita,Sukhita,[pp.of sukheti] happy,blest,glad S.I,52; III,11 (sukhitesu sukhito dukkhitesu dukkhito); IV,180; Sn.1029; Pv.II,8<sup>11</sup>; healthy Mhvs 37,128; <i>°-atta</i> [ātman] happy,easy Sn.145.(Page 716),7,1
  12881. 404064,en,15,sukhuma,sukhuma,Sukhuma,Sukhuma,(adj.) [Epic Sk.sūkṣma] subtle,minute Vin.I,14; D.I,182; S.IV,202; A.II,171; Dhs.676; Th.2,266; Dh.125=Sn.662; Vism.274,488 (°rūpā).fine,exquisite D.II,17,188; Miln.313; susukhuma,very subtle Th.1,71=210 (°-nipuṇattha-dassin); cp.sokhumma; khoma-°,kappāsa-°,kambala-° (n.?) the finest sorts of linen,cotton stuff,woolwork (resp.) Miln.105.-- Der.<i>sokhumma</i>.<br><br> <i>--acchika</i> fine-meshed D.I,45; DA.I,127; Ap 21 (jāla).<i>--diṭṭhi</i> subtle view It.75.<i>--dhāra</i> with fine edge Miln.105.(Page 716),7,1
  12882. 404076,en,15,sukhumaka,sukhumaka,Sukhumaka,Sukhumaka,=sukhuma Ps.I,185.(Page 716),9,1
  12883. 404083,en,15,sukhumala,sukhumāla,Sukhumāla,Sukhumāla,(adj.) [cp.Sk.su-kumāra] tender,delicate,refined,delicately nurtured A.I,145; II,86 sq.; III,130; Vin.I,15,179; II,180; beautifully young,graceful J.I,397; Sn.298; samaṇa-° a soft,graceful Samaṇa A.II,87; fem.<i>sukhumālinī</i> Th.2,217; Miln.68, &#38; <i>sukhumālī</i> J.VI,514.(Page 716),9,1
  12884. 404087,en,15,sukhumalata,sukhumālatā,Sukhumālatā,Sukhumālatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.sukhumāla] delicate constitution J.V,295; DhA.III,283 (ati°).(Page 716),11,1
  12885. 404101,en,15,sukhumatta,sukhumatta,Sukhumatta,Sukhumatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.sukhuma] fineness,delicacy D.II,17 sq.(Page 716),10,1
  12886. 404117,en,15,sukka,sukka,Sukka,Sukka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Vedic śukla] white,bright; bright,pure,good S.II,240; V,66,104; Dh.87; Dhs.1303; It.36; J.I,129; Miln.200; sukkadhamma J.I,129; <i>kaṇhāsukkaṁ</i> evil and good Sn.526; Sukkā a class of gods D.II,260.<br><br> <i>--aṁsa</i> bright lot,fortune Dh.72; DhA.II,73.<i>--chavi</i> having a white skin J.IV,184; VI,508; at both pass.said of the sons of widows.<i>--pakkha</i> [cp.BSk.śukla-pakṣa Divy 38] the bright fortnight of a month A.II,19; Miln.388; J.IV,26 (opp.kāḷa-pakkha); the bright half,the good opportunity Th.2,358; ThA.2.(Page 715),5,1
  12887. 404118,en,15,sukka,sukka,Sukka,Sukka,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic śukra; fr.<em>śuc</em>] planet,star Ud.9=Nett 150; (nt.) semen,sukkavisaṭṭhi emission of semen Vin.II,38; III,112; IV,30; Kvu 163.(Page 715),5,1
  12888. 404157,en,15,sukkha,sukkha,Sukkha,Sukkha,(adj.) [Vedic śuṣka,fr.<em>śuṣ</em>] dry,dried up D.II,347; J.I,228,326; III,435; V,106; Miln.261,407.Cp.pari°,vi°.<br><br> <i>--kaddama</i> dried mud Mhvs 17,35.<i>--kantāra</i> desert J.V,70.<i>--vipassaka</i> “dry-visioned” Cpd.55,75; with diff.expl<sup>n</sup> Geiger,Saṁyutta tsrl<sup>n</sup> II.172 n.1.(Page 715),6,1
  12889. 404177,en,15,sukkhana,sukkhana,Sukkhana,Sukkhana,(nt.) [fr.sukkha] drying up J.III,390 (assu-°).(Page 716),8,1
  12890. 404187,en,15,sukkhapana,sukkhāpana,Sukkhāpana,Sukkhāpana,(nt.) [fr.sukkhāpeti] drying,making dry J.VI,420.(Page 716),10,1
  12891. 404207,en,15,sukkhati,sukkhati,Sukkhati,Sukkhati,[fr.śuṣka dry; <em>śuṣ</em>] to be dried up Miln.152; J.V,472; ppr.<i>sukkhanto</i> getting dry J.I,498; ppr.med.<i>sukkhamāna</i> wasting away J.I,104; Caus.II.<i>sukkhāpeti</i> S.I,8; Vin.IV,86; J.I,201,380; II,56; DA.I,262; see also <i>pubbāpeti</i>.-- pp.<i>sukkhita</i>.(Page 716),8,1
  12892. 404215,en,15,sukkhita,sukkhita,Sukkhita,Sukkhita,[pp.of sukkhati] dried up,emaciated Miln.303.Cp.pari°.(Page 716),8,1
  12893. 404244,en,15,sula,sūla,Sūla,Sūla,[cp.Vedic śūla] (m.and nt.) 1.a sharp-pointed instrument,a stake Th.2,488; S.V,411; Pv IV.1<sup>6</sup>; Vism.489 (in compar.),646 (khadira°,ayo°,suvaṇṇa°); ThA.288; J.I,143,326; sūle <i>uttāseti</i> to impale A.I,48; J.I,326; II,443; IV,29; <i>appeti</i> the same J.III,34; VI,17,or <i>āropeti</i> PvA.220.<i>ayasūla</i> an iron stake J.IV,29; Sn.667; cp.<i>asi° </i>&<i> satti°</i>.-- 2.a spit J.I,211; roasted on a spit,roasted meat J.III,220; <i>maṁsa°</i> the same,or perhaps a spit with roasted meat J.III,52,220.-- 3.an acute,sharp pain DhsA.397; <i>sūlā</i> (f.) the same A.V,110<sup>5</sup>.Cp.def<sup>n</sup> of <i>sūl</i> as “rujā” at Dhtp 272.<br><br> <i>--āropana</i> impaling,execution Miln.197,290.<i>--koṭi</i> the point of the stake DhA.II,240.(Page 722),4,1
  12894. 404272,en,15,sulara,sūḷāra,Sūḷāra,Sūḷāra,(adj.) [su+uḷāra] magnificent Mhvs 28,1.(Page 722),6,1
  12895. 404281,en,15,sulasi,sulasī,Sulasī,Sulasī,(f.) [cp.Sk.surasī,“basilienkraut” BR; fr.surasa] a medicinal plant Vin.I,201; cp.Deśīnāmamālā VIII,40.(Page 720),6,1
  12896. 404293,en,15,sulopi,sulopī,Sulopī,Sulopī,(f.) a kind of small deer J.VI,437,438.(Page 720),6,1
  12897. 404323,en,15,sumana,sumanā,Sumanā,Sumanā,the great-flowered jasmine J.I,62; IV,455; DhA.IV,12.In composition <i>sumana°</i>.<br><br> <i>--dāma</i> a wreath of jasmine J.IV,455.<i>--paṭṭa</i> cloth with jasmine pattern J.I,62.<i>--puppha</i> j.flower Miln.291; VvA.147.<i>--makula</i> a j.bud DhA.III,371.<i>--mālā</i> garland of j.VvA.142.(Page 720),6,1
  12898. 404386,en,15,sumarati,sumarati,Sumarati,Sumarati,see <i>sarati<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 720),8,1
  12899. 404408,en,15,sumbhati,sumbhati,Sumbhati,Sumbhati,( &#38; sumhati) [<em>sumbh</em> (?),cp.Geiger,P.Gr.60,128.The Dhtm (306 &#38; 548) only says “saṁsumbhane.” The BSk.form is <i>subhati</i> MVastu I.14] to push,throw over,strike J.III,185 (sumh°); VI,549.‹-› pp.<i>sumbhita</i>.-- Cp.<i>ā°</i>,<i> pari°</i>.(Page 720),8,1
  12900. 404410,en,15,sumbhita,sumbhita,Sumbhita,Sumbhita,[pp.of sumbhati] knocked over,fallen (over) PvA.174.(Page 720),8,1
  12901. 404446,en,15,sumsumara,suṁsumāra,Suṁsumāra,Suṁsumāra,[cp.Sk.śiśumāra,lit.child-killing] a crocodile S.IV,198; Th.2,241; ThA.204; J.II,158 sq.; Vism.446; SnA 207 (°kucchi); DhA.III,194.-- <i>°rī</i> (f.) a female crocodile J.II,159; <i>suṁsumārinī</i> (f.) Miln.67; suṁsumārapatitena vandeti to fall down in salutation DA.I,291.(Page 715),9,1
  12902. 404469,en,15,suna,suṇa,Suṇa,Suṇa,“dog,” preferable spelling for <i>suna</i>,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 93<sup>1</sup>.(Page 717),4,1
  12903. 404475,en,15,suna,suna,Suna,Suna,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.śuna; see suvāṇa] a dog,also written suṇa J.VI,353,357 (cp.sunakha).(Page 719),4,1
  12904. 404476,en,15,suna,suna,Suna,Suna,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.śūna,pp.of <em>śū</em> to swell] swollen Vin.II,253; A.IV,275,470.(Page 719),4,1
  12905. 404481,en,15,suna,sūṇā,Sūṇā,Sūṇā,(f.) a slaughter-house J.VI,62; see sūnā.(Page 721),4,1
  12906. 404490,en,15,suna,sūna,Sūna,Sūna,[Sk.śūna] swollen Miln.357<sup>19</sup>; J.VI,555; often wrongly spelt <i>suna</i> (q.v.) Vin.II,253=A.IV,275 (cp.Leumann,Gött.Anz.,1899,p.595); DhsA.197 (suna-bhāva).(Page 721),4,1
  12907. 404496,en,15,suna,sūnā,Sūnā,Sūnā,(f.) [Sk.sūnā] a slaughter-house Vin.I,202; II,267; <i>asisūnā</i> the same Vin.II,26; M.I,130,143; also <i>sūna</i> J.VI,111; and <i>sūṇā</i> J.V,303; <i>sūnāpaṇa</i> J.VI,111; <i>sūnaghara</i> Vin.III,59; <i>sūna-nissita</i> Vin.III,151; <i>sūnakāraghara</i> VbhA.252.(Page 721),4,1
  12908. 404501,en,15,sunaggavellita,sunaggavellita,Sunaggavellita,Sunaggavellita,[su+agga+vellita; perhaps originally suv-agga°] beautifully curled at the ends (of hair) J.VI,86.(Page 719),14,1
  12909. 404516,en,15,sunakha,sunakha,Sunakha,Sunakha,[cp.Sk.śunaka; the BSk.form is also sunakha,e.g.MVastu III,361,369] a dog A.I,48; II,122; Th.2,509; J.I,175,189; II,128,246; PvA.151,206.-- <i>rukkha°</i> some sort of animal J.VI,538.fem.<i>sunakhī</i> a bitch J.IV,400.-- Names of some dogs in the Jātakas are Kaṇha (or Mahā°) J.IV,183; Caturakkha III,535; Jambuka,Pingiya ibid.; Bhattabhuñjana II.246.Cp.suvāṇa.(Page 719),7,1
  12910. 404552,en,15,sunati,suṇāti,Suṇāti,Suṇāti,(suṇoti) [<em>śru</em>,Vedic śṛṇoti; cp.Gr.klέw to praise; Lat.clueo to be called; Oir.clunim to hear; Goth.hliup attention,hliuma hearing,and many others] to hear.Pres.<i>suṇāti</i> D.I,62,152; S.V,265; Sn.696; It.98; Miln.5.-- <i>suṇoti</i> J.IV,443; Pot.<i>suṇeyya</i> Vin.I,7; D.I,79; <i>suṇe</i> J.IV,240; Imper.<i>suṇa</i> S.III,121; <i>sunāhi</i> Sn.p.21; suṇohi D.I,62; Sn.997; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.suṇātu Vin.I,56; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.suṇāma Sn.354; suṇoma Sn.350,988,1110; Pv IV.1<sup>31</sup>.-- 2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>suṇātha</i> D.I,131; II,76; It.41; Sn.385; PvA.13.<i>suṇotha</i> Sn.997; Miln.1.-- 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>suṇantu</i> Vin.I,5; -- ppr.<i>sunanto</i> Sn.1023; DA.I,261; savaṁ J.III,244.-- inf.<i>sotuṁ</i> D.II,2; Sn.384; <i>suṇitum</i> Miln.91.-- Fut.<i>sossati</i> D.II,131,265; J.II,107; J.II,63; Ap 156; VvA.187; 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>sussaṁ</i> Sn.694.-- 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>sossi</i> J.VI,423.-- aor.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>assuṁ</i> J.III,572.-- 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.assu J.III,541.-- 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.suṇi J.IV,336; assosi D.I,87,152; Sn.p.103; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.assumha J.II,79.-- 2<sup>nd</sup> pl.assuttha S.I,157; II,230.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.assosuṁ Vin.I,18; D.I,111.‹-› ger.<i>sutvā</i> Vin.I,12; D.I,4; Sn.30.sutvāna Vin.I,19; D.II,30; Sn.202.suṇitvā J.V,96; Mhvs 23,80.suṇiya Mhvs 23,101.-- Pass.<i>sūyati</i> M.I,30; J.I,72,86; Miln.152.<i>suyyati</i> J.IV,141; J.IV,160; V,459.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.sūyare J.VI,528.-- Grd.<i>savanīya</i> what should be heard,agreeable to the ear D.II,211.<i>sotabba</i> D.I,175; II,346.‹-› pp.<i>suta:</i> see separately.-- Caus.<i>sāveti</i> to cause to hear,to tell,declare,announce J.I,344; Mhvs 5,238; PvA.200; VvA.66.nāmaṁ s.to shout out one’s name Vin.I,36; DA.I,262; maṁ dāsī ti sāvaya announce me to be your slave J.III,437; cp.J.IV,402 (but see on this passage and on J.III,198; VI,486 Kern’s proposed reading <i>sāṭeti</i>); to cause to be heard,to play D.II,265.Caus.also <i>suṇāpeti</i> DhA.I,206.-- Desiderative <i>sussūsati</i> (often written sussūyati) D.I,230; M.III,133 (text sussūsanti),A.IV,393 (do.).-- ppr.<i>sussusaṁ</i> Sn.189 (var.read.,text sussussā); <i>sussūsamāna</i> Sn.383; aor.<i>sussūsiṁsu</i> Vin.I,10; fut.<i>sussūsissanti</i> Vin.I,150; S.II,267 (text sussu-).(Page 717),6,1
  12911. 404563,en,15,sundara,sundara,Sundara,Sundara,(adj.) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.sundara] beautiful,good,nice,well J.II,11,98; SnA 410,493 (cp.parovara).It is very frequent as Commentary word,e.g.for prefix <i>su°</i> PvA.57,77; VvA.111; for <i>subha</i> PvA.14,44; for <i>sādhu</i> SnA 176; for <i>sobhana</i> PvA.49; for <i>seyyo</i> PvA.130.(Page 719),7,1
  12912. 404626,en,15,sunisa,suṇisā,Suṇisā,Suṇisā,(f.) [Vedic snuṣā; cp.Gr.nuόs; Ohg.snur; Ags.snoru; Lat.nurus] a daughter-in-law Vin.I,240; III,136; D.II,148; M.I,186,253; J.VI,498; Vv 13<sup>5</sup> (=puttassa bhariyā VvA.61); DhA.I,355; IV,8; Pv.II,46 (pl.suṇisāyo,so read for sūtisāye).-- <i>suṇhā</i> the same Vin.II,10; A.IV,91; Th.2,406; J.II,347; VI,506; Pv IV.3.<sup>43</sup> (Page 717),6,1
  12913. 404657,en,15,sunka,suṅka,Suṅka,Suṅka,(m.and nt.) [cp.Vedic śulka,nt.] 1.toll,tax,customs Vin.III,52; IV,131; A.I,54 sq.; DhA.II,2; J.IV,132; VI,347; PvA.III,-- 2.gain,profit Th.2,25; ThA.32.-- 3.purchase-price of a wife Th.2,420; J.VI,266; Miln.47 sq.-- odhisuṅka stake J.VI,279; <i>°-gahana</i> J.V,254; a-suṁkâraha J.V,254.<br><br> <i>--ghāta</i> customs’ frontier Vin.III,47,52.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> taxing place,customs’house Vin.III,62; Miln.359.<i>--sāyika</i> (?) customs’officer Miln.365 (read perhaps °sādhaka or °sālika?).(Page 716),5,1
  12914. 404671,en,15,sunkika,suṅkika,Suṅkika,Suṅkika,[suṅka+ika] a receiver of customs J.V,254.(Page 717),7,1
  12915. 404675,en,15,sunkiya,suṅkiya,Suṅkiya,Suṅkiya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.suṅka] price paid for a wife J.VI,266.(Page 717),7,1
  12916. 404682,en,15,sunna,suñña,Suñña,Suñña,(adj.) [cp.Sk.śūnya,fr.Vedic śūna,nt.,void] 1.empty,uninhabited D.I,17; II,202; S.I,180; IV,173; DA.I,110; Miln.5.-- 2.empty,devoid of reality,unsubstantial,phenomenal M.I,435; S.III,167; IV,54,296; Sn.1119; Nd<sup>1</sup> 439 (loka).-- 3.empty,void,useless M.I,483; S.IV,54,297; Dāvs.V,17; Miln.96; Vism.594 sq.(of nāmarūpa,in simile with suñña dāruyanta).suññasuñña empty of permanent substance Ps.II,178; asuñña not empty Miln.130.-- nt.<i>suññaṁ</i> emptiness,annihilation,Nibbāna Vism.513 (three nirodha-suññāni); Abl.°to from the point of view of the “Empty” Nd<sup>2</sup> 680 (long exegesis of suññato at Sn.1119); Vism.512; VbhA.89,261; KhA 74.<br><br> <i>--āgāra</i> an empty place,an uninhabited spot,solitude Vin.I,97,228; II,158,183; III,70,91 sq.; D.I,175; II,86; 291,M.I,33; S.IV,133,359 sq.; A.III,353; IV,139,392,437; V,109,207,323 sq.; It.39; J.III,191; Miln.344; Vism.270; Nd<sup>2</sup> 94.<i>--gāma</i> an empty (deserted) village (in similes) Vism.484; VbhA.48; Dhs.597; DhsA.309; °tthāna Vism.353; VbhA.57.(Page 717),5,1
  12917. 404699,en,15,sunnata,suññata,Suññata,Suññata,(adj.) [i.e.the Abl.suññato used as adj.Nom.] void,empty,devoid of lusts,evil dispositions,and karma,but especially of soul,ego Th.2,46; ThA.50; Dhs.344; Mhvs 37,7; <i>nibbāna</i> DhsA.221; <i>phassa</i> S.IV,295; <i>vimokkha</i> Dh.92; DhA.II,172; Miln.413; <i>vimokkha samādhi</i>,and <i>samāpatti</i> Vin.III,92 sq.; IV,25 sq.; <i>samādhi</i> (contemplation of emptiness,see Cpd.216) D.III,219 (one of.three samādhis); S.IV,360,363; Miln.337; <i>anupassanā</i> Ps.II,43 sq.(Page 717),7,1
  12918. 404704,en,15,sunnata,suññatā,Suññatā,Suññatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.suñña] emptiness,“void,” unsubstantiality,phenomenality; freedom from lust,ill-will,and dullness,Nibbāna M.III,111; Kvu 232; DhsA.221; Nett 118 sq.,123 sq.,126; Miln.16; Vism.333 (n’atthi; <i>suñña;</i> vivitta; i,e.abhāva,suññatā,vivitt’‹-› ākāra),578 (12 fold,relating to the Paṭiccasamuppāda),653 sq.; VbhA.262 (atta°,attaniya°,niccabhāva°).<br><br> <i>--pakāsana</i> the gospel of emptiness DA.I,99,123; <i>--paṭisaṁyutta</i> relating to the Void,connected with Nibbāna A.I,72=III,107=S.II,267; DA.I,100 sq.; Miln.16; <i>--vihāra</i> dwelling in the concept of emptiness Vin.II,304; M.III,104,294.See on term e.g.Cpd.69; Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup> 142,n.4.(Page 717),7,1
  12919. 404715,en,15,sunnatta,suññatta,Suññatta,Suññatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.suñña] emptiness,the state of being devoid DhsA.221.(Page 717),8,1
  12920. 404734,en,15,sunu,sūnu,Sūnu,Sūnu,[Vedic sūnu,fr.<em>sū</em>,cp.sūti] a son,child Mhvs 38,87.(Page 721),4,1
  12921. 404747,en,15,supa,sūpa,Sūpa,Sūpa,[Vedic sūpa,cp.Ags.sūpan=Ger.saufen; Ohg.sūf=soup] broth,soup,curry Vin.II,77,214 sq.; IV,192; D.I,105; S.V,129 sq.(their var.flavours); A.III,49 (aneka°); J.II,66; Vism.343.<i>samasūpaka</i> with equal curry Vin.IV,192.Also nt.Vin.I,239<sup>21</sup> (-āni) and f.<i>sūpi</i> J.IV,352 (bidalasūpiyo); sūpavyañjanaka a vessel for curry and sauce Vin.I,240.<br><br> <i>--vyañjana</i> curry J.I,197.(Page 721),4,1
  12922. 404760,en,15,supadharita,sūpadhārita,Sūpadhārita,Sūpadhārita,=su+upadhārita well-known Miln.10.(Page 721),11,1
  12923. 404778,en,15,supana,supāṇa,Supāṇa,Supāṇa,[=suvāṇa] a dog D.II,295=M.I,58,88; Sn.201; Miln.147.Spelt <i>supāna</i> at J.IV,400.(Page 719),6,1
  12924. 404785,en,15,supanna,supaṇṇa,Supaṇṇa,Supaṇṇa,[Vedic suparṇa] “Fairwing” a kind of fairy bird,a mythical creature (cp.garuḷa),imagined as winged,considered as foe to the <i>nāgas</i> D.II,259; S.I,148; J.I,202; II,13,107; III,91,187,188; VI,256,257; Vism.155 (°rājā),400; Nd<sup>1</sup> 92,448; DhA.I,280; PvA.272; DA.I,51; Mhvs 14,40; 19,20.Four kinds S.III,246.(Page 719),7,1
  12925. 404837,en,15,supati,supati,Supati,Supati,(suppati,soppati)<i> </i>[<em>svap</em><i>;</i> Vedic svapiti &#38; svapati; svapna sleep or dream (see supina),with which cp.Gr.u(/pnos sleep=Av.xvafna,Lat.somnus,Ags.swefn.‹-› Dhtp 481 “saye”] to sleep; <i>supati</i> Sn.110; J.II,61 (sukhaṁ supati he sleeps well); V,215; Pv.II,9<sup>38</sup>; <i>suppati</i> S.I,107; <i>soppati</i> S.I,107,110; Pot.<i>supe</i> S.I,111; ppr.supanto Vin.I,15; ppr.med.suppamāna J.III,404; aor.<i>supi</i> Miln.89<sup>4</sup>; Vin.II,78; PvA.195 (sukhaṁ); inf.<i>sottuṁ</i> S.I,111; pp.<i>supita;</i> also <i>sutta<sup>1</sup> </i>&<i> sotta</i>.(Page 719),6,1
  12926. 404857,en,15,supatittha,sūpatittha,Sūpatittha,Sūpatittha,(adj.) [su+upatittha,the latter=tittha,cp.upavana:vana] with beautiful banks.Usually spelt <i>su°</i>,as if su+patittha (see patittha),e.g.Vin.III,108; J.VI,518,555 (=sobhana°); D.II,129; Ud.83; Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup> (=sundara-tittha PvA.77).But <i>sū°</i> at M.I,76,283; Ap 333.(Page 721),10,1
  12927. 404866,en,15,supayika,supāyika,Supāyika,Supāyika,J.IV,118 (read:<i>supāyita</i>).See under <i>su°</i>.(Page 719),8,1
  12928. 404876,en,15,supeyya,sūpeyya,Sūpeyya,Sūpeyya,(nt.) [fr.sūpa=Sk.sūpya] 1.belonging to soup,broth,soup M.I,448; S.III,146.-- 2.curry D.II,198; Nd<sup>2</sup> 314; DhA.IV,209.<br><br> <i>--paṇṇa</i> curry leaf,curry stuff Vism.250=VbhA.233; J.I,98,99; <i>--sāka</i> a potherb for making curry J.IV,445.(Page 721),7,1
  12929. 404901,en,15,supika,sūpika,Sūpika,Sūpika,[sūpa+ika] a cook DA.I,157; J.VI,62 (v.l.),277.(Page 721),6,1
  12930. 404906,en,15,supin,sūpin,Sūpin,Sūpin,(adj.) [fr.sūpa] having curry,together with curry J.III,328.(Page 721),5,1
  12931. 404911,en,15,supina,supina,Supina,Supina,(m. &#38; nt.) [Vedic svapna; the contracted P.form is <i>soppa</i>] a dream,vision D.I,9,54; S.I,198; IV,117 (supine in a dream; v.l.supinena); Sn.360,807,927; Nd<sup>1</sup> 126; J.I,334 sq.,374; V,42; DA.I,92,164; Vv 44<sup>14</sup>; VbhA.407 (by 4 reasons),408 (who has dreams); DhA.I,215.The five dreams of the Buddha A.III,240; J.I,69.dussupina an unpleasant dream J.I,335; PvA.105 (of Ajātasattu); <i>maṅgala°</i> a lucky dream J.VI,330; <i>mahā°ṁ passati</i> to have (lit.see) a great vision J.I,336 sq.(the 16 great visions); <i>°ṁ ādisati</i> to tell a dream Nd<sup>1</sup> 381.-- <i>Supina</i> at Pv.II,6<sup>1</sup> read supita.<br><br> <i>--anta</i> [anta pleonastic,cp.ThA.258 “supinam eva supinantaṁ”] a dream; Abl.<i>°ante</i> in a dream Th.2,394; J.V,328 (spelt suppante; C.sopp°; expl<sup>d</sup> as “supinena”); Instr.<i>°antena</i> id.Vin.II,125; III,112; J.V,40; VI,131; ThA.258; KhA 175; SnA 80.<i>--pāṭhaka</i> a dream-teller,astrologer Nd<sup>1</sup> 381.<i>--sattha</i> science of dream-telling,oneiromantics SnA 564.(Page 719),6,1
  12932. 404920,en,15,supinaka,supinaka,Supinaka,Supinaka,[supina+ka] a dream Vin.II,25; D.II,333; M.I,365; J.V,354; DA.I,92.(Page 719),8,1
  12933. 404930,en,15,supita,supita,Supita,Supita,[pp.of supati] sleeping; (nt.) sleep S.I,198 (ko attho supitena)=Sn.331; SnA 338; Pv.II,6<sup>1</sup> (so read for supina?).(Page 719),6,1
  12934. 404932,en,15,supita,supīta,Supīta,Supīta,read Miln.415 for suthita (Kern’s suggestion).See under su°.(Page 719),6,1
  12935. 404937,en,15,suplavattha,suplavattha,Suplavattha,Suplavattha,at J.V,408 is doubtful in spelling &#38; meaning.Perhaps to be read “suplavantaṁ” gliding along beautifully; C.expl<sup>d</sup> as “sukhena plavan’atthaṁ.” (Page 719),11,1
  12936. 404945,en,15,supothita,supoṭhita,Supoṭhita,Supoṭhita,[su+poṭhita] well beaten; perhaps at Miln.415 for suthita (said of iron); (nt.) a good thrashing DhA.I,48.(Page 719),9,1
  12937. 404954,en,15,suppa,suppa,Suppa,Suppa,[cp.Vedic śūrpa] a winnowing basket Ud.68; J.I,502; II,428; Vism.109 (+sarāva),123; Miln.282; DhA.I,174 (kattara°); II,131; Mhvs 30,9.°-ka a toy basket,little sieve DhsA.321 (+musalaka).(Page 719),5,1
  12938. 404999,en,15,suppanta,suppanta,Suppanta,Suppanta,see under soppa.(Page 719),8,1
  12939. 405015,en,15,suppata,suppatā,Suppatā,Suppatā,(f.) [fr.sūpa] in mugga-s.pea-soup talk,sugared words Miln.370.See under mugga.(Page 719),7,1
  12940. 405090,en,15,sura,sura,Sura,Sura,[cp.Epic Sk.sura probably after asura] god Sn.681 (=deva SnA 484); name of a Bodhisatta J.V,12,13; surakaññā a goddess,a heavenly maid J.V,407 (=devadhītā,C.); surinda the king of gods Mhbv 28.Opp.<i>asura</i>.(Page 720),4,1
  12941. 405100,en,15,sura,surā,Surā,Surā,(f.) [Vedic surā] spirituous (intoxicating) liquor (“drink”) Vin.II,295; 301; IV,110; D.I,146; A.I,212,295; It.63; J.I,199,252 (tikhiṇaṁ suraṁ yojetvā mixing a sharp drink); DhA.II,9; Dh.247; as nt.at J.VI,23 (v.l.surā as gloss).-- Five kinds of <i>surā</i> are mentioned,viz.piṭṭha°,pūva°,odana° (odaniya°),kiṇṇapakkhitta°,sambhāra-saṁyutta° VvA.73; VbhA.381.<br><br> <i>--âdhiṭṭhaka</i> addicted to drink J.V,427.<i>--geha</i> a drinking house J.I,302.<i>--ghaṭa</i> a pitcher of liquor J.III,477.<i>--ghara</i>=°geha J.V,367.<i>--chaṇa</i> a drinking festival J.I,489; DhA.III,100.<i>--dhutta</i> a drunkard Sn.106; J.I,268; III,260.<i>--nakkhatta</i> a drinking festival J 362; SnA 185.<i>--pāna</i> drinking strong liquor J.I,50; IV,23; VbhA.383.<i>--pāyikā</i> a woman drinking liquor J.V,11.<i>--pipāsita</i> thirsty after strong drink S.II,110.<i>--pīta</i> one who has drunk liquor J.I,426.<i>--mada</i> tipsiness,intoxication A.IV,213; J.I,352,362.<i>--meraya</i> (-pāna) (drinking) rum &#38; spirits A.I,261; II,53.See also (pañca-) sikkhāpada.<i>--vitthaka</i> bowl for drinking spirits J.V,427; DhA.III,66.<i>--soṇḍa</i> a drunkard DhA.III,129.<i>--soṇḍaka</i> id.J.V,433.(Page 720),4,1
  12942. 405112,en,15,sura,sūra,Sūra,Sūra,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic sūra] the sun ThA.150 (Ap.V,90); J.V,56.(Page 722),4,1
  12943. 405113,en,15,sura,sūra,Sūra,Sūra,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic śūra,fr.<em>śū</em>] valiant,courageous S.I,21; J.I,262,320; II,119; (m.) a hero,a valiant man D.I,51,89; III,59,142,145 sq; A.IV,107,110; Sn.831; DA.157,250; (nt.) valour S.V,227,read sūriya.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> a tale about heroes D.I,8; DA.I,90.<i>--kāka</i> the valiant crow DhA.III,352.<i>--bhāva</i> strength,valour J.I,130; Vism.417 (in def.of suriya).(Page 722),4,1
  12944. 405228,en,15,surata,surata,Surata,Surata,(adj.) [su+rata] (in good sense:) well-loving,devoted:see <i>soracca;</i> (in bad sense:) sexual intercourse,thus wrongly for soracca at J.III,442 C.,with expl<sup>n</sup> as “dussīlya.” Cp.<i>sūrata</i>.(Page 720),6,1
  12945. 405235,en,15,surata,sūrata,Sūrata,Sūrata,[=surata] soft,mild J.VI,286; Mhbv 75; kindly disposed S.IV,305.Cp.<i>surata </i>&<i> sorata</i>.(Page 722),6,1
  12946. 405263,en,15,surin,sūrin,Sūrin,Sūrin,(adj.) [fr.sūra<sup>1</sup>] wise Mhvs 26,23.(Page 722),5,1
  12947. 405272,en,15,suriya,suriya,Suriya,Suriya,[Vedic sūrya cp.suvar light,heaven; Idg.*sāǔel,as in Gr.h(λios,Lat.sōl.,Goth.sauil sun; Oir.sūil “eye”; cp.also Gr.sέlas splendour,selήnh moon, &#38; many others,for which see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.sōl) 1.the sun Vin.I,2; D.II,319; Sn.687; A.I,227; S.V,29 sq.; J.II,73; Vism.231 (in simile),416 (the seventh sun),417 (myth of pop.etym.),690 (in sim.); Miln.299; KhA 21 (bāla°,in simile); PvA.137,211; VbhA.519; size of the sun DhsA.318; suriyaṁ uṭṭhāpeti to go on till sunrise J.I,318.-- 2.the sun as a god D.II,259; S.I,51; J.IV,63,etc.; VI,89,90,201,247,263,etc.<br><br> <i>--atthaṅgamana</i> sunset VvA.295.<i>--uggamana</i> sunrise Mhvs 23,22; J.I,107.<i>--kanta</i> the sun-gem,a kind of gem Miln.118.<i>--ggāha</i> eclipse of the sun D.I,10; J.I,374.<i>--maṇḍala</i> the orb of the sun A.I,283; Dhs.617.<i>--rasmi</i> a sunbeam J.I,502.<i>--vattika</i> a sun-worshipper Nd<sup>1</sup> 89.(Page 720),6,1
  12948. 405279,en,15,suriya,sūriya,Sūriya,Sūriya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.sūra<sup>1</sup>] valour S.V,227 (text,sūra); J.I,282; Miln.4.(Page 722),6,1
  12949. 405329,en,15,suru,suru,Suru,Suru,(indecl.) [onamat.] a hissing sound (“suru”); <i>surusuru-kārakaṁ</i> (adv.) after the manner of making hissing sounds (when eating) Vin.II,214; IV,197.(Page 720),4,1
  12950. 405339,en,15,surunga,suruṅga,Suruṅga,Suruṅga,[a corruption of su_rigc] a subterranean passage Mhvs 7,15.(Page 720),7,1
  12951. 405427,en,15,susana,susāna,Susāna,Susāna,(nt.) [cp.Vedic śmaśāna] a cemetery Vin.I,15,50; II,146; D.I,71; A.I,241; II,210; Pug.59; J.I,175; Nd<sup>1</sup> 466; Nd<sup>2</sup> 342; Vism.76,180; PvA.80,92,163,195 sq.<i>āmaka-s</i>.a place where the corpses are left to rot J.I,61,372; VI,10; DhA.I,176.Cp.<i>sosānika</i>.<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> a cemetery fire Vism.54.<i>--gopaka</i> the cemetery keeper DhA.I,69.<i>--vaḍḍhana</i> augmenting the cemetery,fit to be thrown into the cemetery Th.2,380.Cp.kaṭasi°.(Page 720),6,1
  12952. 405435,en,15,susanaka,susānaka,Susānaka,Susānaka,(adj.) [fr.last] employed in a cemetery Mhvs 10,91.(Page 720),8,1
  12953. 405516,en,15,susira,susira,Susira,Susira,(adj.-nt.) [Sk.śuṣira] perforated,full of holes,hollow J.I,146; Sn.199; J.I,172,442; DA.I,261; Miln.112; Vism.194=DhsA.199; KhA 172; <i>asusira</i> DhA.II,148 (Bdhgh for eka-ghaṇa).(nt.) a hole; PvA.62.(Page 720),6,1
  12954. 405545,en,15,sussati,sussati,Sussati,Sussati,[Vedic śuṣyati; <em>śuṣ</em> (=sosana Dhtp 457)] to be dried,to wither Sn.434; J.I,503; II,424; VI,5 (being thirsty); ppr.med.<i>sussamāna</i> J.I,498; Sn.434; fut.<i>sussissati</i> J.I,48; ger.<i>sussitvā</i> J.II,5,339; PvA.152.Cp.vissussati &#38; sukkhati.-- Caus.<i>soseti</i> (q.v.).(Page 721),7,1
  12955. 405557,en,15,sussusa,sussūsa,Sussūsa,Sussūsa,(adj.) wishing to hear or learn,obedient S.I,6; J.IV,134.(Page 721),7,1
  12956. 405564,en,15,sussusa,sussūsā,Sussūsā,Sussūsā,(f.) [Class.Sk.śuśrūṣā] wish to hear,obedience,attendance D.III,189; A.V,136; Th.1,588; Sn.186; J.III,526; Miln.115.(Page 721),7,1
  12957. 405578,en,15,sussusati,sussūsati,Sussūsati,Sussūsati,[Desid.fr.suṇāti; Sk.śuśrūṣati] to wish to hear,to listen,attend D.I,230; A.I,72; IV,393; aor.sussūsimsu Vin.I,10; ppr.med.sussūsamāna Sn.383.(Page 721),9,1
  12958. 405586,en,15,sussusin,sussūsin,Sussūsin,Sussūsin,(adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.śuśrūṣin] obedient,trusting J.III,525.(Page 721),8,1
  12959. 405597,en,15,susu,susu,Susu,Susu,<sup>3</sup> the name of a sort of water animal (alligator or seacow? ) J.VI,537 (plur.susū)=V.255 (kumbhīlā makasā susū).(Page 721),4,1
  12960. 405598,en,15,susu,susu,Susu,Susu,<sup>2</sup> the sound susu,hissing J.III,347 (cp.su and sū); ThA.189.(Page 721),4,1
  12961. 405599,en,15,susu,susu,Susu,Susu,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Sk.śiśu] a boy,youngster,lad Vin.III,147= J.II,284; Vv 64<sup>14</sup> (=dahara C.); Sn.420; D.I,115; M.I,82; A.II,22; J.II,57; ājānīya-susūpama M.I,445,read ājānīy-ass-ūpama (cp.Th.1,72).-- In phrase <i>susukāḷa</i> the susu is a double su°,in meaning “very,very black” (see under kāḷa-kesa),e.g.D.I,115=M.I,82= A.II,22=III,66=J.II,57; expl<sup>d</sup> as suṭṭhu-kāḷa DA.I,284.-- <i>susunāga</i> a young elephant D.II,254.(Page 720),4,1
  12962. 405618,en,15,susuka,susukā,Susukā,Susukā,(f.) an alligator Vin.I,200; A.II,123 (where id.p.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 470 has suṁsumāra); M.I,459; Miln.196.(Page 721),6,1
  12963. 405646,en,15,susuyati,sūsūyati,Sūsūyati,Sūsūyati,[denom.fr.sū] to make a hissing sound “sū sū” (of a snake) DhA.II,257 (v.l.susumāyati).(Page 722),8,1
  12964. 405655,en,15,suta,suta,Suta,Suta,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.suta,pp.of <em>sū</em> (or <em>su</em>) to generate] son Mhvs 1,47; fem.<i>sutā</i> daughter,Th.2,384.(Page 718),4,1
  12965. 405656,en,15,suta,suta,Suta,Suta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of suṇāti; cp.Vedic śruta] 1.heard; in special sense “received through inspiration or revelation”; learned; taught A 97 sq.; D.III,164 sq.,241 sq.; freq.in phrase “iti me sutaṁ” thus have I heard,I have received this on (religious) authority,e.g.It.22 sq.‹-› (nt.) sacred lore,inspired tradition,revelation; learning,religious knowledge M.III,99; A.I,210 sq.; II,6 sq.; S.IV,250; J.II,42; V,450,485; Miln.248.-- <i>appa-ssuta</i> one who has little learning A.II,6 sq.,218; III,181; V,40,152; <i>bahu-ssuta</i> one who has much learning,famous for inspired knowledge A.II,6 sq.; III,113 sq.,182 sq.,261 sq.; S.II,159.See <i>bahu</i>.<i> asuta</i> not heard Vin.I,238; Pv IV.1<sup>61</sup>; J.III,233; also as <i>assuta</i> J.I,390 (°pubba never heard before); III,233.-- <i>na suta pubbaṁ</i> a thing never heard of before J.III,285.<i>dussuta</i> M.I,228; <i>sussuta</i> M.III,104.-- 2.renowned J.II,442.<br><br> <i>--ādhāra</i> holding (i.e.keeping in mind,preserving) the sacred learning J.III,193; VI,287.<i>--kavi</i> a Vedic poet,a poet of sacred songs A.II,230.<i>--dhana</i> the treasure of revelation D.III,163,251; A.III,53; IV,4 sq.; VvA.113.<i>--dhara</i> remembering what has been heard (or taught in the Scriptures) A.II,23 (+°sannicaya); III,152,261 sq.<i>--maya</i> consisting in learning (or resting on sacred tradition),one of the 3 kinds of knowledge (paññā),viz.<i>cintā-mayā</i>,<i> s</i>.<i>--m</i>.,<i> bhāvanā-mayā paññā</i> D.III,219; Vbh.324 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.439); as <i>°mayī</i> at Ps.I,4,22 sq.; Nett 8,50,60.<i>--ssava</i> far-renowned (Ep.of the Buddha) Sn.353.(Page 717),4,1
  12966. 405671,en,15,suta,sūta,Sūta,Sūta,[Sk.sūta] a charioteer J.IV,408; a bard,panegyrist J.I,60; V,258.(Page 721),4,1
  12967. 405709,en,15,sutappaya,sutappaya,Sutappaya,Sutappaya,(adj.) [su+grd.of tappati<sup>2</sup>] easily contented A.I,87; Pug.26 (opp.dut°).(Page 718),9,1
  12968. 405722,en,15,sutatta,sutatta,Sutatta,Sutatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.suta<sup>1</sup>] the fact of having heard or learnt SnA 166.(Page 718),7,1
  12969. 405731,en,15,sutavant,sutavant,Sutavant,Sutavant,(adj.) [suta<sup>1</sup>+vant] one who is learned in religious knowledge Vin.I,14; A.II,178; III,55; IV,68,157; S.III,57; Tikp 279; Sn.70 (=āgama-sampanna SnA 124),90,371; sutavanta-nimmita founded by learned,pious men Miln.1; assutavant,unlearned M.I,1 (°vā puthujjano laymen); Dhs.1003; A.III,54; IV,157.(Page 718),8,1
  12970. 405741,en,15,suthita,suthita,Suthita,Suthita,(?) beaten out,Miln.415 (with vv.ll.suthiketa,suphita &#38; supita).Should we read su-poṭhita? Kern,Toev.II.85 proposes <i>su-pīta</i> “well saturated” (with which cp.<i>supāyita</i> J.IV,118,said of a sword).(Page 718),7,1
  12971. 405746,en,15,suti,suti,Suti,Suti,(f.) [cp.śruti revelation as opp.to smṛti tradition] 1.hearing,tradition,inspiration,knowledge of the Vedas Sn.839,1078; Miln.3 (+sammuti); Mhvs 1,3.‹-› 2.rumour; sutivasena by hearsay,as a story,through tradition J.III,285,476; VI,100.-- 3.a sound,tone VvA.139 (dvāvīsati suti-bhedā 22 kinds of sound).(Page 718),4,1
  12972. 405761,en,15,sutighara,sūtighara,Sūtighara,Sūtighara,(nt.) [sūti+ghara] a lying-in-chamber J.IV,188; VI,485; Vism.259 (KhA pasūti°); VbhA.33,242.(Page 721),9,1
  12973. 405771,en,15,sutitikkha,sutitikkha,Sutitikkha,Sutitikkha,(adj.) [fr.su+titikkhā] easy to endure J 524.(Page 718),10,1
  12974. 405790,en,15,sutta,sutta,Sutta,Sutta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Vedic sūtra,fr.<em>sīv</em> to sew] 1.a thread,string D.I,76; II,13; Vin.II,150; Pv.II,11<sup>1</sup> (=kappāsiyā sutta PvA.146); J.I,52.-- fig.for <i>taṇhā</i> at Dhs.1059; DhsA.364.-- <i>kāḷa°</i> a carpenter’s measuring line J.II,405; Miln.413; <i>dīgha°</i> with long thread J.V,389; <i>makkaṭa°</i> spider’s thread Vism.136; <i>yantā°</i> string of a machine VbhA.241.-- Mentioned with kappāsa as barter for <i>cīvara</i> at Vin.III,216.-- 2.the (discursive,narrational) part of the Buddhist Scriptures containing the suttas or dialogues,later called Sutta-piṭaka (cp.Suttanta).As such complementary to the <i>Vinaya</i>.The fanciful expl<sup>n</sup> of the word at DhsA.19 is:“atthānaṁ sūcanto suvuttato savanato ‘tha sūdanato suttāṇā-sutta-sabhāgato ca suttaṁ Suttan ti akkhātaṁ.” -- D.II,124; Vin.II,97; VbhA.130 (+vinaya); SnA 159,310 (compared with Vinaya &#38; Abhidhamma).-- 3.one of the divisions of the Scriptures (see <i>navaṅga</i>) A.II,103,178; III,177,361 sq.; Miln.263.-- 4.a rule,a clause (of the Pātimokkha) Vin.I,65,68; II,68,95; III,327.-- 5.a chapter,division,dialogue (of a Buddh.text),text,discourse (see also <i>suttanta</i>) S.III,221 (pl.suttā),253; V,46; Nett 118; DhsA.28.<i>suttaso</i> chapter by chapter A.V,72,81; <i>suttato</i> according to the suttas Vism.562=VbhA.173.-- 6.an ancient verse,quotation J.I,288,307,314.‹-› 7.book of rules,lore,text book J.I,194 (go° lore of cows); II,46 (hatthi° elephant trainer’s handbook).<br><br> <i>--anta</i> 1.a chapter of the Scriptures,a text,a discourse,a sutta,dialogue Vin.I,140 sq.,169; II,75; III,159; IV,344; A.I,60,69,72; II,147; S.II,267=A.III,107 (suttantā kavi-katā kāveyyā citt’akkharā cittavyañjanā bāhirakā sāvaka-bhāsitā); Vism.246 sq.(three suttantas helpful for kāyagatā sati).-- 2.the <i>Suttantapiṭaka</i>,opp.to the Vinaya Vism.272 (°aṭṭhakathā opp.to Vinay’aṭṭhakathā).As <i>°piṭaka</i> e.g.at KhA 12; VbhA.431.See Proper Names.<i>--kantikā</i> (scil.itthi) a woman spinner PvA.75; as <i>°kantī</i> at J.II,79.<i>--kāra</i> a cotton-spinner Miln.331.<i>--guḷa</i> a ball of string D.I,54; M.III,95; Pv IV.3<sup>29</sup>; PvA.145.<i>--jāla</i> a web of thread,a spider’s web Nd<sup>2</sup> 260.<i>--bhikkhā</i> begging for thread PvA.145.<i>--maya</i> made of threads,i.e.a net SnA 115,263.<i>--rajjuka</i> a string of threads Vism.253; VbhA.236.<i>--lūkha</i> roughly sewn together Vin.I,287,297.<i>--vāda</i> a division of the Sabbatthavādins Dpvs 5,48; Mhvs 5,6; Mhbv 97.<i>--vibhaṅga</i> classification of rules Vin.II,97.Also title of a portion of the Vinaya Piṭaka.(Page 718),5,1
  12975. 405791,en,15,sutta,sutta,Sutta,Sutta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of supati] asleep Vin.III,117; V,205; D.I,70; II,130; Dh.47; It.41; J.V,328.-- (nt.) sleep D.II,95; M.I,448; S.IV,169.In phrase <i>°-pabuddha</i> “awakened from sleep” referring to the awakening (entrance) in the deva-world,e.g.Vism.314 (brahmalokaṁ uppajjati); DhA.I,28 (kanaka-vimāne nibbatti); III,7 (id.); cp.S.I,143.(Page 718),5,1
  12976. 405809,en,15,suttaka,suttaka,Suttaka,Suttaka,(nt.) [fr.sutta] a string Vin.II,271; PvA.145; a string of jewels or beads Vin.II,106; III,48; DhsA.321; a term for lust DhsA.364.(Page 718),7,1
  12977. 405836,en,15,suttantika,suttantika,Suttantika,Suttantika,versed in the Suttantas.A <i>suttantika</i> bhikkhu is one who knows the Suttas (contrasted with vinayadhara,who knows the rules of the Vinaya) Vin.II,75.Cp.dhamma C 1 &#38; piṭaka.-- Vin.I,169; II,75,161; III,159; J.I,218; Miln.341; Vism.41,72,93; KhA 151.<i>--duka</i> the Suttanta pairs,the pairs of terms occurring in the Suttantas Dhs.1296 sq.; <i>--vatthūni</i> the physical bases of spiritual exercise in the Suttantas Ps.I,186.(Page 718),10,1
  12978. 405875,en,15,sutthu,suṭṭhu,Suṭṭhu,Suṭṭhu,(indecl.) [cp.Sk.suṣṭhu,fr.su°] well; the usual C.expl<sup>n</sup> of the prefix su<sup>2</sup> PvA.19,51,52,58,77,103 etc.; s.tāta well,father J.I,170; s.kataṁ you have done well J.I,287; DA.I,297; suṭṭhutaraṁ still more J.I,229; SnA 418.(Page 717),6,1
  12979. 405887,en,15,sutthuta,suṭṭhutā,Suṭṭhutā,Suṭṭhutā,(f.) [abstr.fr.suṭṭhu] excellence A.I,98 sq.; Nett 50.(Page 717),8,1
  12980. 405895,en,15,sutti,sutti,Sutti,Sutti,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [Sk.sūkti] a good saying Sdhp.340,617.(Page 718),5,1
  12981. 405896,en,15,sutti,sutti,Sutti,Sutti,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [cp.Sk.śukti,given as pearl-shell (Suśruta),and as a perfume] in kuruvindakasutti a powder for rubbing the body Vin.II,107; see sotti.(Page 718),5,1
  12982. 405919,en,15,suva,suva,Suva,Suva,[cp.Sk.śuka] a parrot J.I,324; IV,277 sq.; VI,421; 431 sq.(the two:Pupphaka &#38; Sattigumba); DhA.I,284 (°rājā).fem.<i>suvī</i> J.VI,421.(Page 720),4,1
  12983. 405943,en,15,suvamin,suvāmin,Suvāmin,Suvāmin,[metric for sāmin] a master Sn.666.(Page 720),7,1
  12984. 405955,en,15,suvana,suvāṇa,Suvāṇa,Suvāṇa,( &#38; suvāna) [cp.Sk.śvan,also śvāna (f.śvānī):fr.Vedic Acc.śuvānaṁ,of śvan.For etym.cp.Gr.ku/wn,Av.spā,Lat.canis,Oir.cū,Goth.hunds] a dog M.III,91 (=supāṇa M.I,58); J.VI,247 (the 2 dogs of hell:Sabala &#38; Sāma); Vism.259 (=supāṇa KhA 58).As <i>suvā°</i> at Sdhp.379,408.-- See also the var.forms san,suṇa,suna,sunakha,supāṇa,soṇa.<br><br> <i>--doṇi</i> a dog’s (feeding) trough Vism.344,358; VbhA.62.<i>--piṇḍa</i> a dog biscuit Vism.344.<i>--vamathu</i> dog’s vomit Vism.344 (=suvā-vanta Sdhp.379).(Page 720),6,1
  12985. 405963,en,15,suvanaya,suvanaya,Suvanaya,Suvanaya,[su-v-ānaya] easy to bring S.I,124=J.I,80.(Page 720),8,1
  12986. 405974,en,15,suvanna,suvaṇṇa,Suvaṇṇa,Suvaṇṇa,[Sk.suvarṇa] of good colour,good,favoured,beautiful D.I,82; Dhs.223; It.99; A.IV,255; Pug.60; J.I,226; suvaṇṇa (nt.) gold S.IV,325 sq.; Sn.48,686; Nd<sup>2</sup> 687 (=jātarūpa); KhA 240; VvA.104; often together with <i>hirañña</i> Vin.III,16,48; D.II,179; °-āni pl.precious things J.I,206.-- Cp.<i>soṇṇa</i>.<br><br> <i>--iṭṭhakā</i> gilt tiles DhA.III,29,61; VvA.157.<i>--kāra</i> goldsmith D.I,78; M.II,18; III,243; A.I,253 sq.; J.I,182; V,438 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 478; Vism.376 (in sim.); DhA.III,340; SnA 15; VbhA.222 (in sim.).<i>--gabbha</i> a safe (-room) for gold DhA.IV,105.<i>--guhā</i> “golden cave,” N.of a cave SnA 66.<i>--toraṇa</i> gilt spire VbhA.112.<i>--paṭṭa</i> a golden (writing) slab J.IV,7; SnA 228,578; DhA.IV,89.<i>--paṇaka</i> a golden diadem Miln.210.<i>--pabbata</i> N.of a mountain SnA 358.<i>--passa</i> id.SnA 66.<i>--pādukā</i> golden slippers Vin.I,15.<i>--maya</i> made of gold J.I,146.<i>--mālā</i> golden garland DhA.I,388.<i>--meṇḍaka</i> a golden ram DhA.III,364; IV,217; <i>--bhiṅkāra</i> a g.vase Mhbv 154 <i>--bhūmi</i> “gold-land,” N.of Cambodia Nd<sup>1</sup> 155.<i>--rājahaṁsa</i> golden-coloured royal mallard J.I,342.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> gold-coloured (of the body of the Yathāgata) D.III,143,159; J.II,104; IV,333; DhA.III,113.<i>--vīthi</i> golden street (in Indra’s town) J.V,386.<i>--sivikā</i> a g.litter DhA.III,164.<i>--haṁsa</i> golden swan J.I,207; II,353; SnA 277,349.(Page 720),7,1
  12987. 406074,en,15,suvannata,suvaṇṇatā,Suvaṇṇatā,Suvaṇṇatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.suvaṇṇa] beauty of colour or complexion Pug.34.(Page 720),9,1
  12988. 406122,en,15,suve,suve,Suve,Suve,see sve.(Page 720),4,1
  12989. 406227,en,15,suyati,sūyati,Sūyati,Sūyati,is passive of <i>suṇāti</i>.(Page 721),6,1
  12990. 406250,en,15,suyyati,suyyati,Suyyati,Suyyati,is Passive of <i>suṇāti</i>.(Page 720),7,1
  12991. 406263,en,15,svagata,svāgata,Svāgata,Svāgata,[su+āgata] 1.welcome Vin.II,11; Th.2,337; ThA.236.-- 2.learnt by heart Vin.II,95,249; A.IV,140 (pātimokkhāni).See sāgata.(Page 727),7,1
  12992. 406272,en,15,svaham,svāhaṁ,Svāhaṁ,Svāhaṁ,=so ahaṁ.(Page 727),6,1
  12993. 406280,en,15,svakara,svākāra,Svākāra,Svākāra,[su+ākāra] being of good disposition Vin.I,6.(Page 727),7,1
  12994. 406290,en,15,svakkhata,svākkhāta,Svākkhāta,Svākkhāta,[su+akkhāta; on the long ā cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 7; BSk.svākhyāta] well preached Vin.I,12,187; II,199; M.I,67; A.I,34; II,56; Sn.567.Opp.<i>durakkhāta</i> Vism.213 (in detail).(Page 727),9,1
  12995. 406307,en,15,svassu,svāssu,Svāssu,Svāssu,=so assu J.I,196.(Page 727),6,1
  12996. 406312,en,15,svatana,svātana,Svātana,Svātana,[cp.Sk.śvastana; Geiger,P.Gr.§ 6,54] relating to the morrow; Dat.°-nāya for the following day Vin.I,27; D.I,125; J.I,11; DhA.I,314; IV,12.(Page 727),7,1
  12997. 406320,en,15,svativatta,svātivatta,Svātivatta,Svātivatta,[su+ativatta] easily overcome Sn.785; Nd<sup>1</sup> 76.(Page 727),10,1
  12998. 406333,en,15,sve,sve,Sve,Sve,(adv.) [cp.Sk.śvas] to-morrow Vin.II,77; D.I,108,205; J.I,32,243; II,47; VvA.230; svedivasa DhA.I,103.The diæretic form is <i>suve</i>,e.g.Pv IV.1<sup>5</sup>; Mhvs 29,17; and doubled <i>suve suve</i> day after day Dh.229; DhA.III,329; J.V,507.(Page 727),3,1
  12999. 406368,en,15,ta°,ta°,Ta°,Ta°,[Vedic tad,etc.; Gr.tόn tήn tό; Lat.is-te,tālis,etc.; Lith.tás tā; Goth.pata; Ohg.etc.daz; E.that] base of demonstr.pron.for nt.,in oblique cases of m. &#38; f., &#38; in demonstr.adv.of place &#38; time (see also sa).‹-› 1.Cases:Nom.sg.nt.tad (older) Vin.I,83; Sn.1052; Dh.326; Miln.25 &#38; taṁ (cp.yaṁ,kiṁ) Sn.1037,1050; J.III,26; Acc.m.taṁ J.II,158,f.taṁ J.VI,368; Gen.tassa,f.tassā (Sn.22,110; J.I,151); Instr.tena,f.tāya (J.III,188); Abl.tasmā (J.I,167); tamhā Sn.291,1138; (J.III,26) &#38; tato (usually as adv.) (Sn.390); Loc.tasmiṁ (J.I,278),tamhi (Dh.117); tahiṁ (adv.) (Pv.I,5<sup>7</sup>) &#38; tahaṁ (adv.) (J.I,384; VvA.36); pl.Nom.m.te (J.II,129),f.tā (J.II,127),nt.tāni (Sn.669,845); Gen.tesaṁ,f.tāsaṁ (Sn.916); Instr.tehi,f.tāhi (J.II,128); Loc.tesu,f.tāsu (Sn.670).-- In composition (Sandhi) both tad- &#38; taṁ- are used with consecutive phonetic changes (assimilation),viz.(a) <i>tad°</i>:(a) in subst.function:tadagge henceforth D.I,93 taduṭṭhāya DhA.III,344; tadūpiya (cp.Trenckner,Notes 77,78=tadopya (see discussion under opeti),but cp.Sk.tadrūpa Divy 543 &#38; tatrupāya.It is simply tad-upa-ka,the adj.‹-› positive of upa,of which the compar.-superlative is upama,meaning like this,i.e.of this or the same kind.Also spelt tadūpikā (f.) (at J.II,160) agreeing with,agreeable,pleasant Miln.9; tadatthaṁ to such purpose SnA 565.-- With assimilation:taccarita; tapparāyaṇa Sn.1114; tappoṇa (=tad-pra-ava-nata) see taccarita; tabbisaya (various) PvA.73; tabbiparīta (different) Vism.290; DhA.III,275; tabbiparītatāya in contrast to that Vism.450.-- (b) as crude form (not nt.) originally only in Acc.(nt.) in adj.function like tad-ahan this day,then felt as euphonic d,esp.in forms where similarly the euphonic t is used (ajja-t-agge).Hence <i>ta-</i> is abstracted as a crude (adverbial) form used like any other root in composition.Thus:<i>tad-ah-uposathe</i> on this day’s fast-day=to-day (or that day) being Sunday D.I,47; Sn.p.139 (expl<sup>d</sup> as tam-ah-uposathe,uposatha-divase ti at SnA 502); tadahe on the same day PvA.46; tadahū (id.) J.V,215 (=tasmiṁ chaṇa-divase).<i>tad-aṅga</i> for certain,surely,categorical (orig.concerning this cp.kimaṅga),in tadaṅga-nibbuta S.III,43; <i>tadaṅga-samatikkama</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 203; <i>tadaṅga-vikkhambhana-samuccheda</i> Vism.410; <i>tadaṅga-pahāna</i> DhsA.351; SnA 8; tadaṅgena A.IV,411.-- (b) <i>tan°</i>:(a) as subst.:tammaya (equal to this,up to this) Sn.846 (=tapparāyana Nd<sup>2</sup> 206); A.I,150.-- (b) Derived from Acc.use (like a b) as adj.is taṅkhaṇikā (fr.taṁ khaṇaṁ) Vin.III,140 (=muhuttikā).-- (g) a reduced form of taṁ is to be found as ta° in the same origin &#38; application as ta-d- (under a b) in comb<sup>n</sup> ta-y-idaṁ (for taṁidaṁ›taṁ-idaṁ›ta-idaṁ›ta-y-idaṁ) where y.takes the place of the euphonic consonant.Cp.in application also Gr.tou_to &#38; tau_ta,used adverbially as therefore (orig.just that) Sn.1077; Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup>; PvA.2,16 (=taṁ idaṁ),76.The same ta° is to be seen in tāhaṁ Vv 83<sup>15</sup> (=taṁ-ahaṁ), &#38; not to be confused with tāhaṁ=te ahaṁ (see tvaṁ).-- A similar comb<sup>n</sup> is taṁyathā Miln.1 (this is how,thus,as follows) which is the Sk.form for the usual P.seyyathā (instead of ta-(y)--yathā,like ta-y-idaṁ); cp.Trenckner,P.M.p.75.-- A sporadic form for tad is tadaṁ Sn.p.147 (even that,just that; for tathaṁ?).-- II.Application:1.<i>ta°</i> refers or points back to somebody or something just mentioned or under discussion (like Gr.ou(=tos,Lat.hic,Fr.ci in voici,cet homme-ci,etc.):this,that,just this (or that),even this (or these).In this sense comb<sup>d</sup> with api:te c’âpi (even these) Sn.1058.It is also used to indicate something immediately following the statement of the speaker (cp.Gr.o(/de,E.thus):this now,esp.in adv.use (see below); taṁ kiṁ maññasi D.I,60; yam etaṁ pañhaṁ apucchi Ajita taṁ vadāmi te:Sn.1037; taṁ te pavakkhāmi (this now shall I tell you:) Sn.1050; tesaṁ Buddho vyākāsi (to those just mentioned answered B.) Sn.1127; te tositā (and they,pleased ...) ib.1128.-- 2.Correlative use:(a) in rel.sentences with ya° (preceding ta°):yaṁ ahaṁ jānāmi taṁ tvaṁ jānāsi “what I know (that) you know” D.I,88; yo nerayikānaṁ sattānaṁ āhāro tena so yāpeti “he lives on that food which is (characteristic) of the beings in N.; or:whichever is the food of the N.beings,on this he lives” PvA.27.-- (b) elliptical (with omission of the verb to be) yaṁ taṁ=that which (there is),what (is),whatever,used like an adj.; ye te those who,i.e.all (these),whatever:ye pana te manussā saddhā ...te evam ahaṁsu ...“all those people who were full of faith said” Vin.II,195; yena tena upāyena gaṇha “catch him by whatever means (you like),” i.e.by all means J.II,159; yaṁ taṁ kayirā “whatever he may do” Dh.42.-- 3.Distributive and iterative use (cp.Lat.quisquis,etc.):...taṁ taṁ this &#38; that,i.e.each one; yaṁ yaṁ passati taṁ taṁ pucchati whomsoever he sees (each one) he asks PvA.38; yaṁ yaṁ manaso piyaṁ taṁ taṁ gahetvā whatever ...(all) that PvA.77; yo yo yaṁ yaṁ icchati tassa tassa taṁ taṁ adāsi “whatever anybody wished he gave to him” PvA.113.So with adv.of ta°:tattha tattha here &#38; there (freq.); tahaṁ tahaṁ id.J.I,384; VvA.36,187; tato tato Sn.390.-- (b) the same in disjunctivecomparative sense:taṁ ...taṁ is this so &#38; is this so (too)=the same as,viz.taṁ jīvaṁ taṁ sarīraṁ is the soul the same as the body (opp.aññaṁ j.a.s.) A.V,193,etc.(see jīva).-- 4.Adverbial use of some cases (local<sup>a</sup>,temporal<sup>b</sup>, &#38; modal<sup>c</sup>):Acc.<i>taṁ</i> (a) there (to):tad avasari he withdrew there D.II.126,156; (b) taṁ enaṁ at once,presently (=tāvad-eva) Vin.I,127 (cp.Ved.enā); (c) therefore (cp.kiṁ wherefore,why),that is why,now,then:S.II,17; M.I,487; Sn.1110; Pv.I,2<sup>3</sup> (=tasmā PvA.11 &#38; 103); II,7<sup>16</sup>; cp.taṁ kissa hetu Nd<sup>2</sup> on jhāna.-- Gen.<i>tassa</i> (c) therefore A.IV,333.‹-› Instr.<i>tena</i> (a) there (direction=there to),always in correl.with yena:where-there,or in whatever direction,here &#38; there.Freq.in formula denoting approach to a place (often unnecessary to translate); e.g.yena Jīvakassa ambavanaṁ tena pāyāsi:where the Mangogrove of J.was,there he went=he went to the M.of J.D.I,49; yena Gotamo ten’upasaṅkama go where G.is D.I,88; yena āvasathâgāraṁ ten’upasaṅkami D.II,85 etc.; yena vā tena vā palāyanti they run here &#38; there A.II,33; (c) so then,now then,therefore,thus (often with hi) J.I,151,279; PvA.60; Miln.23; tena hi D.II,2; J.I,266; III,188; Miln.19.-- Abl.<i>tasmā</i> (c) out of this reason,therefore Sn.1051,1104; Nd<sup>2</sup> 279 (=taṁ kāraṇaṁ); PvA.11,103; <i>tato</i> (a) from there,thence Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup>; (b) then,hereafter PvA.39.-- Loc.<i>tahiṁ</i> (a) there (over there›beyond) Pv.I,5<sup>7</sup>; (c) =therefore PvA.25; <i>tahaṁ</i> (a) there; usually repeated:see above II.3 (a).-- See also tattha,tathā,tadā,tādi,etc.(Page 291),3,1
  13000. 406390,en,15,tab°,tab°,Tab°,Tab°,in cpds.tabbisaya,tabbahula,etc.=taṁ°,see under ta° I.a.(Page 297),4,1
  13001. 406727,en,15,taca,taca,Taca,Taca,( &#38; taco nt.) [Vedic tvak (f.),Gen.tvacaḥ] 1.bark.‹-› 2.skin,hide (similar to camma,denoting the thick,outer skin,as contrasted with chavi,thin skin,see chavi &#38; cp.J.I,146).-- 1.bark:M.I,198,434,488; A.V,5.-- 2.skin:often used together with nahāru &#38; aṭṭhi (tendons &#38; bones),to denote the outer appearance (framework) of the body,or that which is most conspicuous in emaciation:A.I,50=Sdhp.46; tacamaṁsâvalepana (+aṭṭhī nahārusaṁyutta) Sn.194= J.I,146 (where °vilepana); SnA 247; aṭṭhi-taca-mattâvasesasarīra “nothing but skin &#38; bones” PvA.201.‹-› Of the cast-off skin of a snake:urago va jiṇṇaṁ tacaṁ jahāti Sn.1,same simile Pv.I,12<sup>1</sup> (=nimmoka PvA.63).-- kañcanasannibha-taca (adj.) of golden-coloured skin (a sign of beauty) Sn.551; Vv 30<sup>2</sup>=32<sup>3</sup>; Miln.75; VvA.9.-- valita-tacatā a condition of wrinkled skin (as sign of age) Nd<sup>2</sup> 252≈; Kh III,; KhA 45; Sdhp.102.<br><br> <i>--gandha</i> the scent of bark Dhs.625; <i>--pañcaka-kammaṭṭhāna</i> the fivefold “body is skin,” etc,subject of kammaṭṭhāna-practice.This refers to the satipaṭṭhānā (kāye kāy’ânupassanā:) see kāya I.(a) of which the first deals with the anupassanā (viewing) of the body as consisting of the five (dermatic) constituents of kesā lomā nakhā dantā,taco (hair of head,other hair,nails,teeth,skin or epidermis:see Kh III,).It occurs in formula (inducing a person to take up the life of a bhikkhu):taca-p-kammaṭṭhānaṁ ācikkhitvā taṁ pabbājesi J.I,116; DhA.I,243; II,87,140,242.Cp.also Vism.353; DhA.II,88; SnA 246,247; <i>--pariyonaddha</i> with wrinkled (shrivelled) skin (of Petas:as sign of thirst) PvA.172; <i>--rasa</i> the taste of bark Dhs.629,<i>--sāra</i> (a) (even) the best (bark,i.e.) tree S.I,70=90= It.45; -- (b) a (rope of) strong fibre J.III,204 (=veṇudaṇḍaka).(Page 293),4,1
  13002. 406834,en,15,taccarita,taccarita,Taccarita,Taccarita,(adj.) in comb<sup>n</sup> with tabbahula taggaruka tanninna tappoṇa tappabhāra freq.as formula,expressing:converging to this end,bent thereon,striving towards this (aim):Nd<sup>2</sup> under tad.The same comb<sup>n</sup> with Nibbāna-ninna,N.-poṇa,N.-pabhāra freq.(see Nibbāna).(Page 293),9,1
  13003. 406849,en,15,taccha,taccha,Taccha,Taccha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [Der.fr.tathā+ya=tath-ya “as it is,” Sk.tathya] true,real,justified,usually in comb<sup>n</sup> w.bhūta.bhūta taccha tatha,D.I,190 (paṭipadā:the only true &#38; real path) S.V,229 (dhamma; text has tathā,v.l.tathaṁ better); as bhūta t.dhammika (well founded and just) D.I,230.bhūta+taccha:A.II,100=Pug.50; VvA.72.-- yathā tacchaṁ according to truth Sn.1096.which is interpreted by Nd<sup>2</sup> 270:tacchaṁ vuccati amataṁ Nibbānaṁ,etc.-- (nt.) taccha a truth Sn.327.-- <i>ataccha</i> false,unreal,unfounded; a lie,a falsehood D.I,3 (abhūta+); VvA.72 (=musā).(Page 293),6,1
  13004. 406850,en,15,taccha,taccha,Taccha,Taccha,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic takṣan,cp.taṣṭṛ,to takṣati (see taccheti),Lat.textor,Gr.tέktwn carpenter (cp.architect),tέxnh art] a carpenter,usually as °ka:otherwise only in cpd.<i>°sūkara</i> the carpenter-pig (=a boar,so called from felling trees),title &#38; hero of Jātaka No.492 (IV.342 sq.).Cp.vaḍḍhakin.(Page 293),6,1
  13005. 406866,en,15,tacchaka,tacchaka,Tacchaka,Tacchaka,=taccha<sup>1</sup>.(a) a carpenter Dh.80 (cp.DhA.II,147); Miln.413.magga° a road-builder J.VI,348.-- (b)=taccha-sūkara J.IV,350.-- (c) a class of Nāgas D.II,258.-- f.<i>tacchikā</i> a woman of low social standing (=veṇī,bamboo-worker) J.V,306.(Page 293),8,1
  13006. 406941,en,15,tacchati,tacchati,Tacchati,Tacchati,[fr.taccha<sup>1</sup>,cp.taccheti] to build,construct; <i>maggaṁ</i> t.to construct or repair a road J.VI,348.(Page 293),8,1
  13007. 406968,en,15,taccheti,taccheti,Taccheti,Taccheti,[probably a denom.fr.taccha<sup>1</sup>=Lat.texo to weave (orig.to plait,work together,work artistically),cp.Sk.taṣṭṛ architect =Lat.textor; Sk.takṣan,etc.,Gr.tέxnh craft,handiwork (cp.technique),Ohg.dehsa hatchet.Cp.also orig.meaning of karoti &#38; kamma] to do wood-work,to square,frame,chip J.I,201; Miln.372,383.(Page 293),8,1
  13008. 407034,en,15,tada,tadā,Tadā,Tadā,(adv.) [Vedic; cp.kadā] then,as that time (either past or future) D.II,157; J.II,113,158; Pv.I,10<sup>5</sup>; PvA.42.Also used like an adj.:te tadā-mātāpitaro etarahi m° ahesuṁ “the then mother &#38; father” J.I,215 (cp.Lat.quondam); tadā-sotāpanna-upāsaka J.II,113.(Page 296),4,1
  13009. 407451,en,15,tadanurupa,tadanurūpa,Tadanurūpa,Tadanurūpa,(adj.) [cp.ta° I a] befitting,suitable,going well with J.VI,366; DhA.IV,15.(Page 296),10,1
  13010. 407900,en,15,tadin,tādin,Tādin,Tādin,(adj.n.) (Nom.tādī &#38; tādi,in cpds.tādi°) [Vedic tādṛś from tad-dṛś of such appearance] such,such like,of such (good) qualities,“ecce homo”; in pregnant sense appl.to the Bhagavant &#38; Arahants,characterized as “such” in 5 ways:see Nd<sup>1</sup> 114 sq.; SnA 202 &#38; cp.Miln.382.tādī:Sn.712,803 ( &#38; 154 tādī no for tādino,see SnA 201 sq.); tādi Sn.488,509,519 sq.; Dh.95; Gen.tādino Dh.95,96; with ref.to the Buddha D.II,157≈ (ṭhitacittasa tādino,in BSk.sthiracittasya tāyinaḥ AvŚ II.199); Vv 18<sup>6</sup> (expl<sup>n</sup> VvA.95:iṭṭhādisu tādilakkhaṇasampattiyā tādino Satthu:see Nd<sup>1</sup> 114 sq.),of Arahant A.II,34; Sn.154 (or tādī no); Instr.tādinā Sn.697; Miln.382; Acc.tādiṁ Sn.86,219,957; :Loc.pl.tādisu Pv.II,9<sup>71</sup> (=iṭṭhādisu tādilakkhaṇappattesu PvA.140,cp.VvA.95).-- See tādisa<sup>1</sup>.<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> “such-ness,” high(est) qualification Vism.5,214.<i>--lakkhaṇa</i> the characteristic of such (a being) J.III,98 (°yoga,cp.nakkhatta-yoga); SnA 200 (°patta); VvA.95 (°sampatti).(Page 299),5,1
  13011. 407901,en,15,tadina,tādina,Tādina,Tādina,(adj.) [enlarged form of tādin)=tādin,only in Loc.tādine Vv 21<sup>2</sup> (=tādimhi VvA.106).(Page 299),6,1
  13012. 407912,en,15,tadisa,tādisa,Tādisa,Tādisa,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [tvaṁ+disa.Cp.Sk.tvādṛśa] like you J.I,167; V,107.(Page 299),6,1
  13013. 407913,en,15,tadisa,tādisa,Tādisa,Tādisa,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Vedic tādṛśa from tad-dṛsa=tad-rūpa; a reduction of this form in P.tādin] such like,of such quality or character,in such a condition J.I,151; III,280; Sn.112,317,459; Nd<sup>2</sup> 277 (in expl.of tathāvidha); It.68; Pv.II,9<sup>4</sup>; PvA.69,72; Miln.382.Also correlative tādisa-tādisa the one-the other VvA.288.-- f.<i>tādisī</i> [Sk.tādṛsī] Pv.I,5<sup>6</sup> (vaṇijjā).(Page 299),6,1
  13014. 407931,en,15,tadisaka,tādisaka,Tādisaka,Tādisaka,(adj.)=tādisa<sup>1</sup>,of such character Sn.278; It.68.(Page 299),8,1
  13015. 408172,en,15,tadupika,tadūpika,Tadūpika,Tadūpika, &#38; Tadūpiya see ta° I.a.(Page 296),8,1
  13016. 408217,en,15,tagara,tagara,Tagara,Tagara,(nt.) the shrub Tabernaemontana coronaria,and a fragrant powder or perfume obtained from it,incense Vin.I,203; It.68 (=Udānavarga p.112,No.8); Dh.54,55,56 (candana+); J.IV,286; VI,100 (the shrub) 173 (id.); Miln.338; Dāvs.V,50; DhA.I,422 (tagara-mallikā two kinds of gandhā).(Page 292),6,1
  13017. 408262,en,15,taggaruka,taggaruka,Taggaruka,Taggaruka,=tad+garuka,see taccarita.(Page 293),9,1
  13018. 408301,en,15,taggha,taggha,Taggha,Taggha,[tad+gha,cp.in-gha &#38; Lat.ec-ce ego-met,Gr.e)gw/--ge] affirmative particle (“ekaṁsena” DA.I,236; ekaṁsa-vacana J.V,66; ekaṁse nipāta J.V,307):truly,surely,there now! Vin.II,126,297; D.I,85; M.I,207,463; III,179; J.V,65 (v.l.tagghā); Sn.p.87.(Page 293),6,1
  13019. 408343,en,15,taham,tāhaṁ,Tāhaṁ,Tāhaṁ,contraction of 1.taṁ ahaṁ:see ta°; 2.te ahaṁ:see tvaṁ.(Page 301),5,1
  13020. 408360,en,15,tajja,tajja,Tajja,Tajja,[tad+ya,cp.Sk.tadīya] “this like,” belonging to this,founded on this or that; on the ground of this (or these),appropriate,suitable; esp.in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>vāyāma</i> (a suitable effort as “causa movens”) A.I,207; Miln.53.Also with reference to sense-impressions,etc.denoting the complemental sensation S.IV,215; M.I,190,191; Dhs.3--6 (cp.Dhs.trsl.p.6 &#38; Com.expl.anucchavika).-- PvA.203 (tajjassa pāpassa katattā:by the doing of such evil,v.l.SS tassajjassa,may be a contraction of tādiyassa otherwise tādisassa).Note.The expl<sup>n</sup> of Kern,Toev.II.87 (tajja=tad+ja “arising from this”) is syntactically impossible.(Page 293),5,1
  13021. 408396,en,15,tajjana,tajjanā,Tajjanā,Tajjanā,(f.) [from tajjeti] threat,menace J.II,169; Vv 50<sup>9</sup>; VvA.212 (bhayasantajjana).(Page 293),7,1
  13022. 408418,en,15,tajjaniya,tajjaniya,Tajjaniya,Tajjaniya,[grd.of tajjeti] to be blamed or censured Vism.115 (a°); (n.) censure,blame,scorn,rebuke.M 50th Sta; Miln.365.As t.t.<i>°kamma</i> one of the saṅgha-kammas:Vin.I,49,53,143 sq.,325; II,3 sq.,226,230; A.I,99.(Page 293),9,1
  13023. 408471,en,15,tajjari,tajjārī,Tajjārī,Tajjārī,a linear measure,equal to 36 aṇu’s and of which 36 form one rathareṇu VbhA.343; cp.Abhp 194 (<i>tajjarī</i>).(Page 293),7,1
  13024. 408545,en,15,tajjeti,tajjeti,Tajjeti,Tajjeti,[Caus.of tarjati,to frighten.Cp.Gr.taρbos fright,fear,tarbέw; Lat.torvus wild,frightful] to frighten,threaten; curse,rail against J.I,157,158; PvA.55.‹-› pp.<i>tajjita</i>.-- Caus.tajjāpeti to cause to threaten,to accuse PvA.23 (=paribhāsāpeti).(Page 293),7,1
  13025. 408564,en,15,tajjita,tajjita,Tajjita,Tajjita,[pp.of tajjeti] threatened,frightened,scared; spurred or moved by (-°) D.I,141 (daṇḍa°,bhaya°); Dh.188 (bhaya°); Pug.56.Esp.in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>maraṇabhaya°</i> moved by the fear of death J.I,150,223; PvA.216.(Page 293),7,1
  13026. 408578,en,15,taka,taka,Taka,Taka,a kind of medicinal gum,enumerated with two varieties,viz.takapattī &#38; takapaṇṇī under jatūni bhesajjāni at Vin.I,201.(Page 292),4,1
  13027. 408617,en,15,takka,takka,Takka,Takka,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Should it not belong to the same root as takka<sup>1</sup>?] buttermilk (with 1/4 water),included in the five products from a cow (pañca gorasā) at Vin.I,244; made by churning dadhi Miln.173; J.I,340; II,363; DhA.II,68 (takkâdi-ambila).(Page 292),5,1
  13028. 408618,en,15,takka,takka,Takka,Takka,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.tarka doubt; science of logic (lit.“turning &#38; twisting”) <i>*treik</i>,cp.Lat.tricæ,intricare (to “trick,” puzzle), &#38; also Sk.tarku bobbin,spindle,Lat.torqueo (torture,turn)] doubt; a doubtful view (often= diṭṭhi,appl.like sammā°,micchā-diṭṭhi),hair-splitting reasoning,sophistry (=itihītihaṁ Nd<sup>2</sup> 151).Opp.to takka (=micchā-saṅkappo Vbh.86,356) is <i>dhammatakka</i> right thought (:vuccati sammā-saṅkappo Nd<sup>2</sup> 318; cp.Dhs.7,298),D.I,16 (°pariyāhata); M.I,68 (id.); Sn.209 (°ṁ pahāya na upeti saṅkhaṁ) 885 (doubt),886; Dhs.7,21,298 (+vitakka,trsl.as “ratiocination” by Mrs.Rh.D.); Vbh.86,237 (sammā°) 356; Vism.189.See also vitakka.<br><br> <i>--āgama</i> the way of (right) thought,the discipline of correct reasoning Dāvs.V,22; <i>--âvacara</i> as neg.atakkâvacarâ in phrase dhammā gambhīrā duddasā a° nipuṇā (views,etc.) deep,difficult to know,beyond logic (or sophistry:i.e.not accessible to doubt?),profound Vin.I,4=D.I,12=S.I,136=M.I,487.Gogerley trsl.“unattainable by reasoning,” Andersen “being beyond the sphere of thought”; <i>--āsaya</i> room for doubt Sn.972; <i>--gahaṇa</i> the thicket of doubt or sophistry J.I,97; <i>--vaḍḍhana</i> increasing,furthering doubt or wrong ideas Sn.1084 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 269); <i>--hetu</i> ground for doubt (or reasoning?) A.II,193=Nd<sup>2</sup> 151.(Page 292),5,1
  13029. 408699,en,15,takkala,takkaḷa,Takkaḷa,Takkaḷa,(nt.) a bulbous plant,a tuberose J.IV,46,371 (biḷāli°,expl.at 373 by takkala-kanda)=VI,578.(Page 292),7,1
  13030. 408727,en,15,takkana,takkaṇa,Takkaṇa,Takkaṇa,(nt.) thought,representation (of:--°) J.I,68 (ussāvabindu°).(Page 292),7,1
  13031. 408766,en,15,takkara,takkara,Takkara,Takkara,<sup>2</sup> a robber,a thief J.IV,432.(Page 292),7,1
  13032. 408767,en,15,takkara,takkara,Takkara,Takkara,<sup>1</sup> (=tat-kara) a doer thereof D.I,235,M.I,68; Dh.19.(Page 292),7,1
  13033. 408778,en,15,takkari,takkārī,Takkārī,Takkārī,(f.) the tree Sesbania Aegyptiaca (a kind of acacia) Th.2,297 (=dālika-laṭṭhi ThA.226).(Page 292),7,1
  13034. 408871,en,15,takketi,takketi,Takketi,Takketi,[denom.of tarka] to think,reflect,reason,argue DA.I,106; DhsA.142.-- attānaṁ t.to have self-confidence,to trust oneself J.I,273,396,468; III,233.(Page 292),7,1
  13035. 408900,en,15,takkika,takkika,Takkika,Takkika,(adj.) [fr.takka<sup>1</sup>] doubting,having wrong views,foolish; m.a sophist,a fool Ud.73; J.I,97; Miln.248.(Page 292),7,1
  13036. 408908,en,15,takkin,takkin,Takkin,Takkin,(adj.-n.) [fr.takka<sup>1</sup>] thinking,reasoning,esp.sceptically; a sceptic D.I,16≈(takkī vīmaṁsī); M.I,520; DA.I,106 (=takketvā vitakketvā diṭṭhi-gāhino etaṁ adhivacanaṁ),cp.pp.114,115 (takki-vāda).(Page 292),6,1
  13037. 408938,en,15,takkola,takkola,Takkola,Takkola,[Sk.kakkola &#38; takkola] Bdellium,a perfume made from the berry of the kakkola plant J.I,291; also as Npl.at Miln.359 (the Takola of Ptolemy; perhaps= Sk.karkoṭa:Trenckner,Notes,p.59).(Page 292),7,1
  13038. 408954,en,15,takkotaka,takkoṭaka,Takkoṭaka,Takkoṭaka,[is reading correct?] a kind of insect or worm Vism.258.Reading at id.p.KhA 58 is <i>kakkoṭaka</i>.(Page 292),9,1
  13039. 408971,en,15,tala,tala,Tala,Tala,(nt.) [Derivation uncertain.Cp.Sk.tala m. &#38; nt.; cp.Gr.thli/Q (dice-board),Lat.tellus (earth),tabula (=table).Oir.talam (earth),Ags.pel (=deal),Ohg.dili=Ger.diele] (a) flat surface (w.ref.to either top or bottom:cp.Ger.boden),level,ground,base J.I,60,62 (pāsāda° flat roof); III,60 (id.); paṭhavī° (level ground) J.II,111,cp.bhūmi° PvA.176; ādāsa° surface of a mirror Vism.450,456,489; salila° (surface of pond) PvA.157; VvA.160; heṭṭhima° (the lowest level) J.I,202; PvA.281; -- J.I,233 (base); 266 (khagga° the flat of the sword); II,102 (bheri°).-- (b) the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot J.II,223; Vism.250; &#38; cpds.-- See also taṭa,tāla,tālu.<br><br> <i>--ghātaka</i> a slap with the palm of the hand Vin.IV,260,261; <i>--sattika</i> in °ṁ uggirati to lift up the palm of the hand Vin.IV,147; DhA.III,50; cp.Vin.Texts I.51.(Page 298),4,1
  13040. 408984,en,15,tala,tāla,Tāla,Tāla,[Sk.tāla,cp.Gr.ta_lis &#38; thleqάw (be green,sprout up) Lat.talea shoot,sprout] 1.the palmyra tree (fan palm),Borassus flabelliformis; freq.in comparisons &#38; similes M.I,187; J.I,202 (°vana),273 (°matta as tall as a palm):VvA.162; PvA.100 (chinnamūlo viya tālo).-- 2.a strip,stripe,streak J.V,372 (=raji).<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhika</i> a kernel of the palm fruit DhA.II,53,cp.60 (°aṭṭhi-khaṇḍa); <i>--kanda</i> a bulbous plant J.IV,46 (=kalamba); <i>--kkhandha</i> the trunk of a palm J.IV,351; VvA.227 (°parimāṇā mukhatuṇḍā:beaks of vultures in Niraya); PvA.56; <i>--cchidda</i> see tāḷa°; <i>--taruṇa</i> a young shoot of the p.Vin.I,189; <i>--pakka</i> palm fruit It.84; <i>--paṇṇa</i> a palm-leaf DhA.I,391; II,249; III,328; Bdhd 62; also used as a fan (tālapattehi kata-maṇḍalavījanī VvA.147) Vv 33<sup>43</sup> (Hardy for °vaṇṭha of Goon.ed.p.30); VvA.147 (v.l.°vaṇṭa q.v.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 562 (+vidhūpana); <i>--patta</i> a palm-leaf Vin.I,189; VvA.147; <i>--miñja</i> the pith of a p.J.IV,402; <i>--vaṇṭa</i> [Sk.tālavṛṇta] a fan Vin.II,130 (+vidhūpana),137; J.I,265; VvA.44,cp.°paṇṇa; <i>--vatthu</i> (more correct tālâvatthu=tāla-avatthu) in <i>tālâvatthukata</i> a palm rendered groundless,i.e.uprooted; freq.as simile to denote complete destruction or removal (of passions,faults,etc.).Nearly always in formula pahīna ucchinna-mūla t° anabhāvaṁ-kata “given up,with roots cut out,like a palm with its base destroyed,rendered unable to sprout again” (Kern,Toev.II.88:as een wijnpalm die niet meer geschiķt is om weêr uit te schieten).This phrase was misunderstood in BSk.:M Vastu III,360 has kālavastuṁ.-- The readings vary:tālāvatthu e.g.at M.I,370; S.I,69; IV,84; A.I,135; II,38; J.V,267; tālav° S.III,10; V,327; Th.2,478 (ThA.286:tālassa chindita‹-› --ṭṭhāna-sadisa); Nd<sup>2</sup> freq.(see under pahīna); tālāvatthukatā at Vin.III,3.-- In other comb<sup>n</sup> tālāvatthu bhavati (to be pulled out by the roots &#38; thrown away) J.V,267 (=chinnamūla-tālo viya niraye nibbattanti p.273),cp.M.I,250; <i>--vāra</i> “palm-time” (?) or is it <i>tāḷa°</i> (gong-turn?) DhA.II,49 (note:from tala-pratiṣṭhāyāṁ?).(Page 299),4,1
  13041. 408994,en,15,tala,tāḷa,Tāḷa,Tāḷa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Sk.tālaka=tāḍa AvŚ II.56,tāḍaka Divy 577] a key (orig.a “knocker”?) Vin.II,148 (3 kinds:loha°,kaṭṭha°,visāṇa°); Bdhd 1.<br><br> <i>--cchiggala</i> a key-hole S.IV,290; V,453; Vism.500.<i>--cchidda</i> id.Vin.II,120,148,153 (all tāla°); III,118; DhA.III,8 (l).(Page 300),4,1
  13042. 408995,en,15,tala,tāḷa,Tāḷa,Tāḷa,<sup>1</sup> [<em>taḍ</em>,cp.Sk.tāla a blow,or musical time; tālīyaka cymbal] beating,striking,the thing beaten or struck,i.e.a musical instrument which is beaten,an Instr.of percussion,as a cymbal,gong,or tambourine (for tāḷa= gong cp.thāla):(a) gong,etc.J.I,3; VI,60; Th.1,893; DA.I,85; DhsA.319 (kaṁsa°).-- (b) music in general DhA.IV,67.<br><br> <i>--âvacara</i> musical time or measure,music,a musician D.II,159 (v.l.tāla°); J.I,60 (l); IV,41; VvA.257 (°parivuta,of an angel).(Page 300),4,1
  13043. 409093,en,15,talaka,taḷāka,Taḷāka,Taḷāka,(nt.) [Derivation uncertain.Perhaps from taṭa.The Sk.forms are taṭaka,taṭāka,taḍāga] a pond,pool,reservoir Vin.II,256; J.I,4,239; PvA.202; DA.I,273; Miln.1,66=81,246,296,359.(Page 298),6,1
  13044. 409502,en,15,taleti,tāḷeti,Tāḷeti,Tāḷeti,[Sk.tāḍayati,<em>taḍ</em> perhaps=<em>tud</em>] to strike a blow,flog,beat,esp.freq.in phrase <i>kasāhi tāḷeti</i> to flog with whips,etc.(in list of punishments,see kasā) M.I,87; A.II,122; Nd<sup>2</sup> 604; PvA.4,etc.-- ppr.pass.<i>taḍḍamāna</i> (for *tāḍyamāna) J.VI,60 (so read for taddamāna; Com poṭhīyamāna).-- pp.<i>tāḷita</i> J.VI,60 (turiya°); Vv 62<sup>1</sup> (id.); Sdhp.80.Cp.abhi°.(Page 300),6,1
  13045. 409519,en,15,tali,tāḷī,Tāḷī,Tāḷī,(f.) a strike,a blow,in <i>urattāḷiṁ karoti</i> to strike one’s chest (as a sign of grief) PvA.39,etc.(see ura).(Page 300),4,1
  13046. 409523,en,15,talika,talika,Talika,Talika,(adj.) [from tala] having a sole,in eka-°upāhanā a sandal with one sole J.II,277; III,80,81 (v.l.BB.paṭilika); cp.Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,165.(Page 298),6,1
  13047. 409534,en,15,talisa,tālīsa,Tālīsa,Tālīsa,<sup>2</sup> (No.40) is short for <i>cattālīsa</i>,e.g.Ap.103,234 and passim.(Page 300),6,1
  13048. 409535,en,15,talisa,tālīsa,Tālīsa,Tālīsa,(nt.) (also <i>tālissa</i> J.IV,286,<i>tālīsaka</i> Miln.338) [cp.Sk.tālī,tālīśa &#38; talāśā] the shrub Flacourtia cataphracta &#38; a powder or ointment obtained from it Vin.I,203 (+tagara); J.IV,286 (id.); Miln.338.(Page 300),6,1
  13049. 409583,en,15,talu,tālu,Tālu,Tālu,[Sk.tālu,see tala] the palate Sn.716; J.I,419; Vism.264 (°matthaka top of p.); PvA.260.(Page 300),4,1
  13050. 409601,en,15,taluna,taluṇa,Taluṇa,Taluṇa,=taruṇa DhsA.333 (cp.Burnouf,Lotus 573).(Page 298),6,1
  13051. 409650,en,15,tama,tama,Tama,Tama,(nt.) &#38; tamo [Sk.tamas,<i>tam </i>&<i> tim</i>,cp.tamisra= Lat.tenebræ; also timira dark &#38; P.tibba,timira; Ohg.dinstar &#38; finstar; Ags.thimm,E.dim] darkness (syn.andhakāra,opp.joti),lit.as well as fig.(mental darkness=ignorance or state of doubt); one of the dark states of life &#38; rebirth; adj.living in one of the dark spheres of life (cp.kaṇhajāta) or in a state of suffering (duggati) Sn.248 (pecca tamaṁ vajanti ye patanti sattā nirayaṁ avaṁsirā),763 (nivutānaṁ t.hoti andhakāro apassataṁ),956 (sabbaṁ tamaṁ vinodetvā); Vbh.367 (three tamāni:in past,present &#38; future).adj.:puggalo tamo tama-parāyaṇo D.III,233; A.II,85= Pug.51; J.II,17.-- tamā tamaṁ out of one “duggati” into another Sn.278 (vinipātaṁ samāpanno gabbhā gabbhaṁ t.t....dukkaṁ nigacchati),cp.M Vastu II.225,also tamāto tamaṁ ibid.I.27; II,215.-- tamat.--agge beyond the region of darkness (or rebirth in dark spheres),cp.bhavagge ( &#38; Sk.tamaḥ pāre) S.V,154,163.<br><br> <i>--andhakāra</i> (complete) darkness (of night) v.l.for samandha° at J.III,60 (Kern:tamondhakāra); <i>--nivuta</i> enveloped in d.Sn.348; <i>--nuda</i> (tama° &#38; tamo°),dispelling darkness,freq.as Ep.of the Buddha or other sages Sn.1133,1136; It.32,108; Nd<sup>2</sup> 281; Vv 35<sup>2</sup> (=VvA.161); Miln.1,21,etc.; <i>--parāyaṇa</i> (adj.) having a state of darkness or “duggati” for his end or destiny S.I,93; A.II,85=Pug.51.(Page 297),4,1
  13052. 409658,en,15,tama,tāma,Tāma,Tāma,[Sk.tāma] desire,longing,greed in tāmatamadasaṅgha-suppahīna Th.1,310,an epithet of frogs,which perhaps (with Kern,Toev.II.88) is to be read as tāma-tamata-suppahita; “horribly greedy” (Kern,gruwelijk vraatzuchtig).(Page 299),4,1
  13053. 409688,en,15,tamala,tamāla,Tamāla,Tamāla,[Sk.tamāla] N.of a tree (Xanthochymus pictorius) Pv III,10<sup>5</sup> (+uppala).(Page 297),6,1
  13054. 409779,en,15,tamba,tamba,Tamba,Tamba,(nt.) [Sk.tāmra,orig.adj.=dark coloured,leaden; cp.Sk.adj.taṁsra id.,to tama] copper (“the dark metal”); usually in combinations,signifying colour of or made of (cp.loha bronze),e.g.lākhātamba (adj.) Th.2,440 (colour of an ox); <i>°akkhin</i> Vv 32<sup>3</sup> (timira°) Sdhp.286; <i>°nakhin</i> J.VI,290; <i>°nettā</i> (f.) ibid.; <i>°bhājana</i> DhA.I,395; <i>°mattika</i> DhA.IV,106; <i>°vammika</i> DhA.III,208; <i>°loha</i> PvA.95 (=loha).(Page 297),5,1
  13055. 410019,en,15,tambula,tambūla,Tambūla,Tambūla,(nt.) [Sk.tambūla] betel or betel-leaves (to chew after the meal) J.I,266,291; II,320; Vism.314; DhA.III,219.<i>--°pasibbaka</i> betel-bag J.VI,367.(Page 297),7,1
  13056. 410340,en,15,tan,ṭan,Ṭan,Ṭan,(?) (adv.) part of sound J.I,287 (ṭan ti saddo).(Page 288),3,1
  13057. 410353,en,15,tana,tāṇa,Tāṇa,Tāṇa,(nt.) [from Vedic root <em>trā</em>,variation of <i>*</i><em>ter</em> in tarati.Orig.bringing or seeing through] shelter,protection,refuge,esp.as tt.of shelter &#38; peace offered by the Dhamma.Mostly in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>leṇa </i>&<i> saraṇa</i> (also <i>dīpa </i>&<i> abhaya</i>),in var.contexts,esp.with ref. to Nibbāna (see Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.):D.I,95 (°ṁ,etc.gavesin seeking refuge); A.I,155; S.IV,315 (maṁtāṇa,etc.adj.protected by me,in my shelter).-- S.I,2,54,55,107 (°ṁ karoti); IV,372 (°gāmī maggo); A.IV,184; Sn.668 (°ṁ upeti); Dh.288; J.I,412 (=protector,expl<sup>d</sup> by tāyitā parittāyitā patiṭṭhā); Sdhp.224,289.Cp.tātar &#38; tāyati.(Page 298),4,1
  13058. 410396,en,15,tanata,tāṇatā,Tāṇatā,Tāṇatā,(f.) [abstr.of tāṇa] protection,sheltering Dh.288.(Page 299),6,1
  13059. 410414,en,15,tanaya,tanaya,Tanaya,Tanaya, &#38; tanuya [at S.I,7,v.l.tanaya,cp.BSk.tanuja AvŚ II.200] offspring,son Mhvs VII.28.pl.<i>tanuyā</i> [=Sk.tanayau] son &#38; daughter S.I,7.(Page 296),6,1
  13060. 410444,en,15,tandi,tandī,Tandī,Tandī,(f.) [Sk.tanita] weariness,laziness,sloth S.V,64; M.I,464; A.I,3; Sn.926,942; J.V,397 (+ālasya); Vbh.352 (id.).(Page 296),5,1
  13061. 410476,en,15,tandita,tandita,Tandita,Tandita,(adj.) [pp.of tandeti=Sk.tandrayate &#38; tandate to relax.From <i>*ten</i>,see tanoti] weary,lazy,giving way Miln.238 (°kata).Usually <i>a°</i> active,keen,industrious,sedulous Dh.305,366,375; Vv 33<sup>22</sup>; Miln.390; VvA.142.Cp.next.(Page 296),7,1
  13062. 410496,en,15,tandula,taṇḍula,Taṇḍula,Taṇḍula,(*Sk.taṇḍula:dialectical] rice-grain,rice husked &#38; ready for boiling; freq.comb<sup>d</sup> with tila (q.v.) in mentioning of offerings,presentations,etc.:loṇaṁ telaṁ taṇḍulaṁ khādaniyaṁ sakaṭesu āropetvā Vin.I,220,238,243,249; talitaṇḍulâdayo J.III,53; PvA.105.-- Vin.I,244; A.I,130; J.I,255; III,55,425 (taṇḍulāni metri causa); VI,365 (mūla° coarse r.,majjhima° medium r.,kaṇikā the finest grain); Sn.295; Pug.32; DhA.I,395 (sāli-taṇḍula husked rice); DA.I,93.Cp.ut°.<br><br> <i>--ammaṇa</i> a measure (handful?) of rice J.II,436.<i>--dona</i> a rice-vat or rice-bowl DhA.IV,15; <i>--pāladvārā</i> “doors (i.e.house) of the rice-guard” Npl.M.II,185; <i>--muṭṭhi</i> a handful of rice PvA.131; <i>--homa</i> an oblation of rice D.I,9.(Page 294),7,1
  13063. 410617,en,15,tanduleyyaka,taṇḍuleyyaka,Taṇḍuleyyaka,Taṇḍuleyyaka,[cp.Sk.taṇḍulīya] the plant Amaranthus polygonoides VvA.99 (enum<sup>d</sup> amongst various kinds of ḍāka).(Page 294),12,1
  13064. 410652,en,15,tanha,taṇhā,Taṇhā,Taṇhā,(f.) [Sk.tṛṣṇā,besides tarśa (m.) &#38; ṭṛṣ (f.)=Av.tarśna thirst,Gr.tarsi/a dryness,Goth.paúrsus,Ohg.durst,E.drought &#38; thirst; to <i>*ters</i> to be,or to make dry in Gr.tέrsomai,Lat.torreo to roast,Goth.gapaírsan,Ohg.derren.-another form of t.is tasiṇā] lit.drought,thirst; fig.craving,hunger for,excitement,the fever of unsatisfied longing (c.Loc.:kabaḷiṅkāre āhāre “thirst” for solid food S.II,101 sq.; cīvare piṇḍapāte taṇhā=greed for Sn.339).Opp<sup>d</sup> to peace of mind (upekhā,santi).-- A.Literal meaning:khudāya taṇhāya ca khajjamānā tormented by hunger &#38; thirst Pv.II,1<sup>5</sup> (=pipāsāya PvA.69).-- B.In its secondary meaning:taṇhā is a state of mind that leads to rebirth.Plato puts a similar idea into the mouth of Socrates (Phædo 458,9).Neither the Greek nor the Indian thinker has thought it necessary to explain how this effect is produced.In the Chain of Causation (D.II,34) we are told how Taṇhā arises-when the sense organs come into contact with the outside world there follow sensation and feeling, &#38; these (if,as elsewhere stated,there is no mastery over them) result in Taṇhā.In the First Proclamation (S.V,420 ff.; Vin.I,10) it is said that Taṇhā,the source of sorrow,must be rooted out by the way there laid down,that is by the Aryan Path.Only then can the ideal life be lived.Just as physical thirst arises of itself,and must be assuaged,got rid of,or the body dies; so the mental “thirst,” arising from without,becomes a craving that must be rooted out,quite got rid of,or there can be no Nibbāna.The figure is a strong one,and the word Taṇhā is found mainly in poetry,or in prose passages charged with religious emotion.It is rarely used in the philosophy or the psychology.Thus in the long Enumeration of Qualities (Dhs),Taṇhā occurs in one only out of the 1,366 sections (Dhs.1059), &#38; then only as one of many subordinate phases of <i>lobha</i>.Taṇhā binds a man to the chain of <i>Saṁsāra</i>,of being reborn &#38; dying again &#38; again (2<sup>b</sup>) until Arahantship or Nibbāna is attained,taṇhā destroyed, &#38; the cause alike of sorrow and of future births removed (2<sup>b</sup>).In this sense Nibbāna is identical with “sabbupadhi-paṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho” (see Nibbāna).-- 1.Systematizations:The 3 aims of t.kāma°,bhava°,vibhava°,that is craving for sensuous pleasure,for rebirth (anywhere,but especially in heaven),or for no rebirth; cp.<i>Vibhava</i>.These three aims are mentioned already in the First Proclamation (S.V,420; Vin.I,10) and often afterwards D.II,61,308; III,216,275; S.III,26,158; It.50; Ps.I,26,39; II,147; Vbh.101,365; Nett 160.Another group of 3 aims of taṇhā is given as kāma°,rūpa° &#38; arūpa° at D.III,216; Vbh.395; &#38; yet another as rūpa°,arūpa° &#38; nirodha° at D.III,216.-- The source of t.is said to be sixfold as founded on &#38; relating to the 6 bāhirāni āyatanāni (see rūpa),objects of sense or sensations,viz.sights,sounds,smells,etc.:D.II,58; Ps.I,6 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>I</SUP>; in threefold aspects (as kāma-taṇhā,bhava° &#38; vibhava°) with relation to the 6 senses discussed at Vism.567 sq.; also under the term cha-taṇha-kāyā (sixfold group,see cpds.) M.I,51; III,280; Ps.I,26; elsewhere called chadvārika-taṇhā “arising through the 6 doors” DhA.III,286.-- 18 varieties of t.(comprising worldly objects of enjoyment,ease,comfort &#38; wellliving are enum<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>III</SUP> (under taṇhā-lepa).36 kinds:18 referring to sensations (illusions) of subjective origin (ajjhattikassa upādāya), &#38; 18 to sensations affecting the individual in objective quality (bāhirassa upādāya) at A.II,212; Nett 37; &#38; 108 varieties or specifications of t.are given at Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>II</SUP> (under Jappā)=Dhs.1059=Vbh.361.-- Taṇhā as “kusalā pi akusalā pi” (good &#38; bad) occurs at Nett 87; cp.Tālapuṭa’s good t.Th.I,1091 f.-- 2.Import of the term:(a) various characterizations of t.:mahā° Sn.114; kāma° SI.131; gedha° SI.15; bhava° D.III,274 (+avijjā); grouped with diṭṭhi (wrong views) Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>III</SUP>,271<SUP>VI,</SUP> T.fetters the world &#38; causes misery:“yāya ayaṁ loko uddhasto pariyonaddho tantākulajāto” A.II,211 sq.; taṇhāya jāyatī soko taṇhāya jāyatī bhayaṁ taṇhāya vippamuttassa natthi soko kuto bhayaṁ Dh.216; taṇhāya uḍḍito loko S.I,40; yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ etth’esā taṇhā ...Vbh.103; it is the 4th constituent of Māra’s army (M-senā) Sn.436; M’s daughter,S.I,134.In comparisons:t.+jālinī visattikā S.I,107; =bharâdānaṁ (t.ponobbhavikā nandirāga-sahagatā) S III 26; V,402:gaṇḍa=kāya,gaṇḍamūlan ti taṇhāy’etaṁ adhivacanaṁ S.IV,83;=sota S.IV,292 (and a khīṇāsavo=chinnasoto); manujassa pamatta-cārino t.vaḍḍhati māluvā viya Dh.334.-- (b) taṇhā as the inciting factor of rebirth &#38; incidental cause of saṁsāra kammaṁ khettaṁ viññāṇaṁ bījaṁ <i>taṇhā sineho</i> ...evaṁ āyatiṁ punabbhavâbhinibbatti hoti A.I,223; t.ca avasesā ca kilesā:ayaṁ vuccati <i>dukkha-samudayo</i> Vbh.107,similarly Nett 23 sq.; as <i>ponobbhavikā</i> (causing rebirth) S.III,26; Ps.II,147,etc.; as a link in the chain of interdependent causation (see paṭiccasamuppāda):vedanā-paccayā taṇhā,taṇhā-paccayā <i>upādānaṁ</i> Vin.I,1,5; D.II,31,33,56,etc.; <i>t</i>.<i> </i>&<i> upadhi:</i> taṇhāya sati upadhi hoti t.asati up.na hoti S.II,108; ye taṇhaṁ vaḍḍhenti te upadhiṁ vaḍḍhenti,etc.S.II,109; taṇhāya nīyati loko taṇhāya parikissati S.I,39; taṇhā saṁyojanena saṁyuttā sattā dīgharattaṁ sandhāvanti <i>saṁsaranti</i> It.8.See also t.-dutiya.-- (c) To have got rid of t.is Arahantship:<i>vigata-</i>taṇha vigata-pipāsa vigata-pariḷāha D.III,238; S.III,8,107 sq.,190; samūlaṁ taṇhaṁ <i>abbuyha</i> S.I,16=63,121 (Godhiko parinibbuto); III,26 (nicchāto parinibbuto); vīta° Sn.83,849,1041 (+nibbuta); taṇhāya <i>vippahānena</i> S.I,39 (“Nibbānan” iti vuccati),40 (sabbaṁ chindati bandhanaṁ); taṇhaṁ <i>mā kāsi</i> mā lokaṁ punar āgami Sn.339; taṇhaṁ pariññāya ...te narā <i>oghatiṇṇā</i> ti Sn.1082; <i>ucchinna-</i>bhava-taṇhā Sn.746; taṇhāya vūpasama S.III,231; t.-nirodha S.IV,390.-- See also M.I,51; Dh.154; It.9 (vita°+anādāna),50 (°ṁ pahantvāna); Sn.495,496,916; &#38; cp.°khaya.-- 3.Kindred terms which in Commentaries are expl<sup>d</sup> by one of the taṇhā-formulæ (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>V</SUP> &#38; 271<SUP>VII</SUP>):(a) t.in groups of 5:(a) with kilesa saṁyoga vipāka duccarita; (b) diṭṭhi kilesa duccarita avijjā; (g) diṭṭhi kil° kamma duccarita.-- (b) quasi-synonyms:ādāna,ejā,gedha,jappā,nandī,nivesana,pariḷāha,pipāsā,lepa,loluppa,vāna,visattikā,sibbanī.-- In cpds.the form <i>taṇhā</i> is represented by taṇha before double consonants,as taṇhakkhaya,etc.<br><br> <i>--âdhipateyya</i> mastery over t.S.III,103; <i>--âdhipanna</i> seized by t.S.I.29; Sn.1123; <i>--ādāsa</i> the mirror of t.A.II,54; <i>âbhinivesa</i> full of t.PvA.267; <i>--āluka</i> greedy J.II,78; <i>--uppādā</i> (pl.) (four) grounds of the rise of craving (viz.cīvara,piṇḍapāta,senâsana,itibhavâbhava) A.II,10=It.109; D.III,228; Vbh.375; <i>--kāyā</i> (pl.) (six) groups of t.(see above B I) S.II,3; D.III,244.280; Ps.I,26; Vbh.380; <i>--kkhaya</i> the destruction of the excitement of cravings,almost synonymous with Nibbāna (see above B2c):°rata Dh.187 (expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.III,241:arahatte c’eva nibbāne ca abhirato hoti); ‹-› Vv 73<sup>5</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> by Nibbāna VvA.296); therefore in the expositionary formula of Nibbāna as equivalent with N.Vin.I,5; S.III,133; It.88,etc.(see N.).In the same sense:sabbañjaho taṇhakkhaye vimutto Vin.I,8= M.I,171=Dh.353; taṇhākkhaya virāga nirodha nibbāna A.II,34,expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.293; bhikkhu arahaṁ cha ṭhānāni adhimutto hoti:nekkhammâdhimutto,paviveka°,avyāpajjha°,upādānakkhaya°,taṇhakkhaya°,asammoha° Vin.I,183; cp.also Sn.70,211,1070,1137; <i>-gata</i> obsessed with excitement,i.e.a victim of t.Sn.776; <i>-gaddula</i> the leash of t.Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>II</SUP>≈; <i>-cchida</i> breaking the cravings Sn.1021,1101; <i>-jāla</i> the snare of t.M.I,271; Th.1,306; Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>II</SUP>; <i>-dutiya</i> who has the fever or excitement of t.as his companion A.II,10= It.9=109=Sn.740,741=Nd<sup>2</sup> 305; cp.Dhs.trsl.p.278; <i>-nadī</i> the river of t.Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>II</SUP>; cp.nadiyā soto ti:taṇhāy’etaṁ adhivacanaṁ It.114; <i>-nighātana</i> the destruction of t.Sn.1085; <i>-pakkha</i> the party of t.,all that belongs to t.Nett 53,69,88,160; <i>-paccaya</i> caused by t.Sn.p.144; Vism.568; <i>-mūlaka</i> rooted in t.(dhammā:9 items) Ps.I,26,130; Vbh.390; <i>-lepa</i> cleaving to t.Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>III</SUP>; (+diṭṭhi-lepa); <i>-vasika</i> being in the power of t.J.IV,3; <i>-vicarita</i> a thought of t.A.II,212; <i>-saṅkhaya</i> (complete) destruction of t.; °sutta M.I,251 (cūḷa°),256 (mahā°):°vimutti salvation through cessation of t.M.I,256,270, &#38; °vimutta (adj.) S.IV,391; <i>-samudda</i> the ocean of t.Nd 271<SUP>II</SUP>; <i>-sambhūta</i> produced by t.(t.ayaṁ kāyo) A.II,145 (cp.Sn.p.144; yaṁ kiñci dukkhaṁ sambhoti sabbaṁ taṇhāpaccayā); <i>-saṁyojana</i> the fetter of t.(adj.) fettered,bound by t.,in phrase t.-saṁyojanena saṁyuttā sattā dīgharattaṁ sandhāvanti saṁsaranti It.8, &#38; t.-saṁyojanānaṁ sattānaṁ sandhāvataṁ saṁsarataṁ S.II,178=III,149= PvA.166; A.I,223; <i>-salla</i> the sting or poisoned arrow of t.S.I,192 (°assa hantāraṁ vande ādiccabandhunaṁ),the extirpation of which is one of the 12 achievements of a mahesi Nd<sup>2</sup> 503 (°assa abbuḷhana; cp.above).(Page 294),5,1
  13065. 411458,en,15,tanhiyati,taṇhīyati,Taṇhīyati,Taṇhīyati,[=taṇhāyati,denom.fr.taṇhā,cp.Sk.tṛṣyati to have thirst] to have thirst for S.II,13 (for v.l.SS.tuṇhīyati; BB.tasati); Vism.544 (+upādiyati ghaṭ ‹-› yati); cp.tasati &#38; pp.tasita.(Page 295),9,1
  13066. 411693,en,15,tanoti,tanoti,Tanoti,Tanoti,[<i>*ten;</i> cp.Sk.tanoti,Gr.tei/nw,tόnos,tέtanos; Lat.teneo,tenuis,tendo (E.ex-tend); Goth.panjan; Ohg.denen; cp.also Sk.tanti,tāna,tantra] to stretch,extend; rare as finite verb,usually only in pp.<i>tata</i>.‹-› Pgdp 17.(Page 296),6,1
  13067. 411705,en,15,tanta,tanta,Tanta,Tanta,(nt.) [Vedic tantra,to tanoti; cp.tantrī f.string] a thread,a string,a loom J.I,356 (°vitata-ṭṭhāna the place of weaving); DhA.I,424.At J.IV,484 tanta is to be corrected to tata (stretched out).<br><br> <i>--âkula</i> tangled string,a tangled skein,in phrase tantākulajātā guḷāguṇṭhikajāta “entangled like a ball of string &#38; covered with blight” S.II,92; IV,158; A.II,211; Dpvs XII.32.See guḷā; <i>--āvuta</i> weaving,weft,web S.V,45; A.I,286; <i>--bhaṇḍa</i> weaving appliances Vin.II,135; <i>--rajjuka</i> “stringing &#38; roping,” hanging,execution J.IV,87; <i>--vāya</i> a weaver J.I,356; Miln.331; Vism.259; DhA.I,424.(Page 296),5,1
  13068. 411719,en,15,tantaka,tantaka,Tantaka,Tantaka,(nt.) “weaving,” a weaving-loom Vin.II,135.(Page 296),7,1
  13069. 411784,en,15,tanti,tanti,Tanti,Tanti,(f.) [Vedic tantrī,see tanta] 1.the string or cord of a lute,etc.; thread made of tendon Vin.I,182; Th.2,390 (cp.ThA.257); J.IV,389; DhA.I,163; PvA.151.-- 2.line,lineage (+paveṇi custom,tradition) J.VI,380; DhA.I,284.<i>--dhara</i> bearer of tradition Vism.99 (+vaṁsânurakkhake &#38; paveṇipolake).-- 3.a sacred text; a passage in the Scriptures Vism.351 (bahu-peyyāla°); avimutta-tanti-magga DA.I,2; MA.I,2.<br><br> <i>--ssara</i> string music Vin.I,182; J.III,178.(Page 296),5,1
  13070. 411874,en,15,tantu,tantu,Tantu,Tantu,[Vedic tantu,cp.tanta] a string,cord,wire (of a lute) J.V,196.(Page 296),5,1
  13071. 411897,en,15,tanu,tanu,Tanu,Tanu,[Vedic tanu,f.tanvī; also n.tanu &#38; tanū (f.) body <i>*ten</i> (see tanoti)=Gr.taQu-,Lat.tenuis,Ohg.dunni,E.thin] 1.(adj.) thin,tender,small,slender Vv 16<sup>2</sup> (vara° graceful=uttamarūpa-dhara VvA.79; perhaps to 2); PvA.46 (of hair:fine+mudhu).-- 2.(n.nt.) body (orig.slender part of the body=waist) Vv 53<sup>7</sup> (kañcana°); Pv.I,12<sup>1</sup>; Vism.79 (uju+).Cp.tanutara.<br><br> <i>--karaṇa</i> making thinner,reducing,diminishing Vin.II,316 (Bdhgh on CV.V.9,2); <i>--bhāva</i> decrease Pug.17; <i>--bhūta</i> decreased,diminished Pug.17; esp.in phrase °soka with diminished grief,having one’s grief allayed DhA.III,176; PvA.38.(Page 296),4,1
  13072. 411951,en,15,tanuka,tanuka,Tanuka,Tanuka,(adj.)=tanu; little,small Dh.174 (=DhA 175); Sn.994 (soka).(Page 296),6,1
  13073. 412071,en,15,tanutara,tanutara,Tanutara,Tanutara,the waist (lit.smaller part of body,cp.body and bodice) Vin.IV,345 (sundaro tanutaro “her waist is beautiful”).(Page 296),8,1
  13074. 412080,en,15,tanutta,tanutta,Tanutta,Tanutta,(nt.) [n.-abstr.of tanu] diminution,reduction,vanishing,gradual disappearance A.I,160 (manussānaṁ khayo hoti tanuttaṁ paññāyati); II,144 (rāga°,dosa°,moha°); esp.in phrase (characterizing a sakadāgāmin) “rāga-d.-mohānaṁ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti” D.I,156; S.V,357 sq.,376,406; A.II,238; Pug.16.(Page 296),7,1
  13075. 412111,en,15,tapa,tapa,Tapa,Tapa, &#38; Tapo [from tapati,cp.Lat.tepor,heat] 1.torment,punishment,penance,esp.religious austerity,selfchastisement,ascetic practice.This was condemned by the Buddha:Gotamo sabbaṁ tapaṁ garahati tapassiṁ lūkhajīviṁ upavadati D.I,161=S.IV,330; anattha-sañhitaṁ ñatvā yaṁ kiñci aparaṁ tapaṁ S.I,103; J.IV,306 (tattatapa:see tatta).-- 2.mental devotion,self-control,abstinence,practice of morality (often= brahmacariyā &#38; saṁvara); in this sense held up as an ideal by the Buddha.D.III,42 sq.,232 (attan &#38; paran°),239; S.I,38,43; IV,118,180; M.II,155,199; D.II,49= Dh.184 (paramaṁ tapo),194 (tapo sukho); Sn.77= S.I,172 (saddhā bījaṁ tapo vuṭṭhi); Sn.267 (t.ca brahmacariyā ca),655 (id.),901; Pv.I,3<sup>2</sup> (Instr.tapasā= brahmacariyena PvA.15); J.I,293; Nett 121 (+indriyasaṁvara); KhA 151 (pāpake dhamme tapatī ti tapo):VvA.114 (Instr.tapasā); PvA.98.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> ascetic practice S.I,103; <i>--jigucchā</i> disgust for asceticism D.I,174; III,40,42 sq.,48 sq.; A.II,200; <i>--pakkama</i>=°kamma D.I,165 sq.(should it be tapopakkama=tapa+upakkama,or tapo-kamma?).<i>--vana</i> the ascetic’s forest Vism.58,79,342.(Page 297),4,1
  13076. 412155,en,15,tapana,tapana,Tapana,Tapana,(adj.-n.) [to tapati &#38; tapa] burning,heat; fig.torment,torture,austerity.-- 1.(as nt.) PvA.98 (kāya °saṅkhāto tapo).-- 2.(as f.) <i>tapanī</i> J.V,201 (in metaphorical play of word with aggi &#38; brahmacārin; Com.visīvana-aggiṭṭha-saṅkhātā-tapanī).(Page 297),6,1
  13077. 412166,en,15,tapana,tāpana,Tāpana,Tāpana,(nt.) [from tāpeti] burning,scorching,roasting; fig.tormenting,torture,self-mortification VvA.20 (aggimhi t.udake vā temanaṁ).Cp.ā°; upa°; pari°.(Page 299),6,1
  13078. 412215,en,15,tapaniya,tapanīya,Tapanīya,Tapanīya,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) also <i>tapaneyya</i> (J.V,372) &#38; <i>tapañña</i> (J.VI,218) [orig.grd.of tapati] shining; (n.) the shining,bright metal,i.e.gold (=rattasuvaṇṇa J.V,372; ThA.252) Th.2,374; Vv 84<sup>16</sup>; VvA.12,37,340.(Page 297),8,1
  13079. 412216,en,15,tapaniya,tapanīya,Tapanīya,Tapanīya,<sup>1</sup> [grd.of tapati] burning:fig.inducing selftorture,causing remorse,mortifying A.I,49=It.24; A.IV,97 (Com.tāpajanaka); V,276; J.IV,177; Dhs.I305.(Page 297),8,1
  13080. 412276,en,15,tapasa,tāpasa,Tāpasa,Tāpasa,[from tapa &#38; tapas] one who practises tapas,an ascetic (brahmin).Eight kinds are enum<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,270 &#38; SnA 295.-- J.II,101,102; V,201; PvA.153; <i>°pabbajjā</i> the life of an a.J.III,119; DhA.IV,29; DA.I,270.-- f.<i>tāpasī</i> a female ascetic Mhvs VII.11,12.(Page 299),6,1
  13081. 412382,en,15,tapassin,tapassin,Tapassin,Tapassin,(adj.-n.) [tapas+vin; see tapati &#38; tapa] one devoted to religious austerities,an ascetic (non-Buddhist).Fig.one who exercises self-control &#38; attains mastery over his senses Vin.I,234=A.IV,184 (tapassī samaṇo Gotamo); D.III,40,42 sq.,49; S.I,29; IV,330,337 sq.; M.I,77; Sn.284 (isayo pubbakā āsuṁ saññatattā tapassino); Vv 22<sup>10</sup>; Pv.I,3<sup>2</sup> (°rūpa,under the appearance of a “holy” man:samaṇa-patirūpaka PvA.15); II,6<sup>14</sup> (=saṁvāraka PvA.98; tapo etesaṁ atthī ti ibid.).(Page 297),8,1
  13082. 412407,en,15,tapati,tapati,Tapati,Tapati,[Sk.tapati,<i>*tep</i>,cp.Lat.tepeo to be hot or warm,tepidus=tepid] 1.to shine,to be bright,Dh.387 (divā tapati ādicco,etc.=virocati DhA.IV,143); Sn.348 (jotimanto narā tapeyyuṁ),687 (suriyaṁ tapantaṁ).-- ger.<i>tapanīya:</i> see sep.-- pp.<i>tatta<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 297),6,1
  13083. 412456,en,15,tapeti,tāpeti,Tāpeti,Tāpeti,[Sk.tāpayati,Caus.to tapati] to burn out,scorch,torment,fig.root out,quench Sn.451 (attānaṁ); J.V,267 (janapadaṁ); VvA.114 (kilesaṁ t.in expl.of tapassin).Cp.pari°.(Page 299),6,1
  13084. 412693,en,15,tappana,tappaṇa,Tappaṇa,Tappaṇa,(nt.) [Sk.tarpaṇa] satiating,refreshing; a restorative,in netta° some sort of eye-wash D.I,12 (in comb<sup>n</sup> w.kaṇṇa-tela &#38; natthu-kamma).(Page 297),7,1
  13085. 412712,en,15,tappara,tappara,Tappara,Tappara,(adj.) [Sk.tatpara] quite given to or intent upon (-°),diligent,devoted ThA.148 (Ap.57,66) (mānapūjana° &#38; buddhopaṭṭhāna°).(Page 297),7,1
  13086. 412772,en,15,tappati,tappati,Tappati,Tappati,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.tṛpyate,caus.tarpayati; <i>*terp</i>=Gr.tέrpw] (Instr.) to be satiated,to be pleased,to be satisfied J.I,185 (puriso pāyāsassa t.); II,443; V,485=Miln.381 (samuddo na t.nadīhi the ocean never has enough of all the rivers); Vv 84<sup>13</sup>.-- grd.<i>tappiya</i> satiable,in atappiya-vatthūni (16) objects of insatiability J.III,342 (in full).Also <i>tappaya</i> in cpd.<i>dut°</i> hard to be satisfied A.I,87; Pug.26.-- pp.<i>titta</i>.-- Caus.<i>tappeti</i> to satisfy,entertain,regale,feed It.67 (annapānena); Pv.II,4<sup>8</sup> (id.) Miln.227; -- pp.<i>tappita</i>.(Page 297),7,1
  13087. 412773,en,15,tappati,tappati,Tappati,Tappati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.tapyate,Pass.of tapati] to burn,to be tormented:to be consumed (by remorse) Dh.17,136 (t.sehi kammehi dummedho=paccati DhA.III,64).(Page 297),7,1
  13088. 412907,en,15,tappetar,tappetar,Tappetar,Tappetar,[n.ag.to tappeti] one who satisfies,a giver of good things in comb<sup>n</sup> titto ca tappetā ca:self-satisfied &#38; satisfying others A.I,87; Pug.27 (of a Sammāsambuddha).(Page 297),8,1
  13089. 412989,en,15,tara,tara,Tara,Tara,[see tarati] (n.) crossing,“transit,” passing over Sn.1119 (maccu°).-- (adj.) to be crossed,passable,in duttara hard to cross S.IV,157; Sn.174,273 (oghaṁ t.duttaraṁ); Th.2,10; It.57.Also as <i>su-duttara</i> S.I,35; V,24.<br><br> <i>--esin</i> wanting to pass over J.III,230 (Page 298),4,1
  13090. 413001,en,15,tara,tārā,Tārā,Tārā,(f.) [Sk.tārā=Gr.a)stήr,a)ζton (=Lat.astrum,in E.disaster),Lat.stella,Goth.staírnō,Ohg.sterro (:E.star),perhaps loan word from Semitic sources] a star,a planet Sn.687 (tārāsabha the lord,lit.“the bull” of the stars,i.e.the Moon).<br><br> <i>--gaṇa</i> (tāra°) the host of stars Pv.II,9<sup>67</sup> (cando va t.-gaṇe atirocati).<i>--maṇivitāna</i> “star-jewel-awning”; canopy of jewelled stars Vism.76.(Page 299),4,1
  13091. 413012,en,15,taraccha,taraccha,Taraccha,Taraccha,[Derivation unknown.The Sk.forms are tarakṣu &#38; tarakṣa] hyena Vin.III,58; A.III,101; Miln.149,267; Dh.A 331; Mhbv 154.-- f.<i>taracchi</i> J.V,71,406; VI,562.(Page 298),8,1
  13092. 413064,en,15,tarahi,tarahi,Tarahi,Tarahi,(adv.) [Vedic tarhi,cp.carahi &#38; etarahi] then,at that time Vin.II,189.(Page 298),6,1
  13093. 413081,en,15,taraka,tārakā,Tārakā,Tārakā,(f.) [Sk.tārakā] 1.a star,a planet:osadhī viya tārakā like the morning-star (Venus) Vv 9<sup>2</sup>=Pv.II,1<sup>10</sup>; -- J.I,108; tāraka-rūpa the light (or sparkling) of the stars D.III,85,90; S.III,156=It.19; S.V,44; VvA.79; Dhs.617.-- 2.fig.sparkling,glitter,twinkle; akkhi° the pupil of the eye M.I,80; udaka° sparkling of the water ibid.(Page 299),6,1
  13094. 413161,en,15,tarana,taraṇa,Taraṇa,Taraṇa,(nt.) [see tarati] going across,passing over,traversing Vin.IV,65 (tiriyaṁ°); Ps.I,15; II,99,119.(Page 298),6,1
  13095. 413190,en,15,taranga,taraṅga,Taraṅga,Taraṅga,[tara+ga] a wave Vism.157.(Page 298),7,1
  13096. 413270,en,15,tarati,tarati,Tarati,Tarati,<sup>2</sup> [tvarate,pp.tvarita; also turati,turayati from <i>*ter</i> to turn round,move quickly,perhaps identical with the <i>*ter</i> of tarati<sup>1</sup>; cp.Ohg.dweran=E.twirl; Gr.toru/nh=Lat.trua=Ger.quirl twirling-stick,also Lat.torqueo &#38; turba &#38; perhaps Ger.stūren,zerstören; E.storm,see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under trua] to be in a hurry,to make haste Th.1,291; ppr.taramāna in °rūpa (adj.) quickly,hurriedly Sn.417; Pv.II,6<sup>2</sup>; PvA.181 (=turita) &#38; <i>ataramāna</i> Vin.I,248; grd.taraṇīya Th.1,293.-- See also tura,turita,turiya.(Page 298),6,1
  13097. 413271,en,15,tarati,tarati,Tarati,Tarati,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic tarati,<i>*ter (tṛ)</i> to get to the other side,cp.Lat.termen,terminus,Gr.tέrma,tέrqron; also Lat.trans=Goth.pairh=Ags.purh=E.through] (lit.) to go or get through,to cross (a river),pass over,traverse; (fig.) to get beyond,i.e.to surmount,overcome,esp.oghaṁ (the great flood of life,desire,ignorance,etc.) S.I,53,208,214; V,168,186; Sn.173,273,771,1069; saṅgaṁ Sn.791; visattikaṁ Sn.333,857; ubhayaṁ (both worlds,here &#38; beyond) Pv IV.13<sup>1</sup> (=atikkameti PvA.278); Nd<sup>2</sup> 28Q -- ppr.taranto Vin.I,191 (Aciravati); grd.taritabba Vin.IV,65 (nadī); aor.atari J.III,189 (samuddaṁ) &#38; atāri Sn.355,1047 (jāti-maraṇaṁ),pl.atāruṁ Sn.1045.-- See also tāreti (Caus.),tāṇa,tāyate,tiro,tiriyaṁ,tīra,tīreti.(Page 298),6,1
  13098. 413351,en,15,tareti,tāreti,Tāreti,Tāreti,<sup>2</sup> [Caus.of tarati<sup>2</sup>] to make haste Th.1,293.(Page 299),6,1
  13099. 413352,en,15,tareti,tāreti,Tāreti,Tāreti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of tarati<sup>1</sup>] to make cross,to help over,to bring through,save,help,assist Sn.319 (pare tārayetuṁ),321 (so tāraye tattha bahū pi aññe); It.123 (tiṇṇo tarayataṁ varo:“one who is through is the best of those who can help through”); J.I,28 (V.203).aor.atārayi Sn.539,540 &#38; ṭāresi Sn.545.(Page 299),6,1
  13100. 413386,en,15,tari,tari,Tari,Tari,(f.) [from tarati] a boat Dāvs.IV,53.(Page 298),4,1
  13101. 413417,en,15,taritatta,taritatta,Taritatta,Taritatta,(nt.) [abstr.of tarita pp.of tarati<sup>1</sup>] the fact of having traversed,crossed,or passed through VvA.284.(Page 298),9,1
  13102. 413446,en,15,taru,taru,Taru,Taru,[Perhaps dialect.for dāru] tree,PvA.154 (°gaṇā),251.(Page 298),4,1
  13103. 413464,en,15,taruna,taruṇa,Taruṇa,Taruṇa,(adj.) [Vedic taruṇa,cp.Gr.tέrus,tέrhQ; Lat.tener &#38; perhaps tardus] 1.tender,of tender age,young; new,newly (°-) fresh.Esp.appl<sup>d</sup> to a young calf:M.I,459 (in simile); °vaccha,°vacchaka,°vacchī:Vin.I,193; J.I,191; DhA.II,35; VvA.200.-- Vin.I,243 (fresh milk); D.I,114 (Gotamo t.c’eva t.-paribbājako ca “a young man and only lately become a wanderer”); PvA.3,46 (°janā),62 (°putta); Bdhd 93,121.-- 2.(m. &#38; nt.) the shoot of a plant,or a young plant Vin.I,189 (tāla°); M.I,432; Vism.361 (taruṇa-tāla).(Page 298),6,1
  13104. 413809,en,15,tasa,tasa,Tasa,Tasa,(adj.) [from tasati<sup>2</sup>] 1.trembling,frightened J.I,336=344 (vakā,expl.at 342 by tasita); perhaps the derived meaning of:-- 2.moving,running (cp.to meaning 1 &#38; 2 Gr.trέw to flee &#38; to tremble),always in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>tasa-thāvarā</i> (pl.) movable &#38; immovable beings [cp.M Vastu I.207 jaṅgama-sthāvara; II,10 calaṁ sthāvara].Metaphorically of people who are in fear &#38; trembling,as distinguished from a thāvara,a selfpossessed &#38; firm being (=Arahant KhA 245).In this sense t.is interpreted by tasati<sup>1</sup> as well as by tasati<sup>2</sup> (to have thirst or worldly cravings) at KhA 245:tasantī ti tasā,sataṇhānaṁ sabhayānañ c’etaṁ adhivacanaṁ; also at Nd<sup>2</sup> 479:tasa ti yesaṁ tasitā (tasiṇā?) taṇhā appahīnā,etc., &#38; ye te santāsaṁ āpajjanti.‹-› S.I,141; IV,117,351; V,393; Sn.146,629; Dh.405,Th.1,876; J.V,221; Nd<sup>2</sup> 479; DhA.IV,175.(Page 298),4,1
  13105. 413821,en,15,tasa,tāsa,Tāsa,Tāsa,[see tasati<sup>2</sup>] terror,trembling,fear,fright,anxiety S.III,57; J.I,342; III,177,202; Miln.24.Cp.san°.(Page 300),4,1
  13106. 413850,en,15,tasaniya,tāsaniya,Tāsaniya,Tāsaniya,(adj.) to be dreaded,dreadful,fearful Miln.149.(Page 300),8,1
  13107. 413869,en,15,tasara,tasara,Tasara,Tasara,(nt.) [Vedic tasara,cp.tanta,etc.] a shuttle Sn.215,464,497; DhA.I,424; III,172.Cp.Morris,J.P.T.S.1886,160.(Page 298),6,1
  13108. 413894,en,15,tasati,tasati,Tasati,Tasati,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic trasati=Gr.trέw,Lat.terreo (=terror); <i>*ters</i> fr.<i>*ter</i> in Sk.tarala,cp.also Lat.tremo (=tremble) and trepidus] to tremble,shake,to have fear; to be frightened Sn.394 (ye thāvarā ye ca tasanti loke); Nd<sup>2</sup> 479 (=santāsaṁ āpajjati); KhA 245 (may be taker as tasati<sup>1</sup>,see tasa).-- pp.<i>tasita</i><sup>2</sup>,cp.also tasa &#38; uttasati.(Page 298),6,1
  13109. 413895,en,15,tasati,tasati,Tasati,Tasati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.tṛṣyati=Gr.tέrsomoi to dry up,Lat.torreo (=E.torrid,toast),Goth.gapairsan &#38; gapaúrsnan,Ohg.derren; see also taṇhā &#38; taṇhīyati] to be thirsty,fig.to crave for S.II,13; Miln.254.-- pp.tasita<sup>1</sup>.Cp.pari°.(Page 298),6,1
  13110. 413955,en,15,tasina,tasiṇā,Tasiṇā,Tasiṇā,(f.) [Diæretic form of taṇhā,cp.dosiṇā › juṇhā,kasiṇa › kṛtsṇa,etc.] thirst; fig.craving (see taṇhā) S.V,54,58; Nd<sup>2</sup> 479 (to be read for tasitā?); Dh.342,343.(Page 298),6,1
  13111. 413975,en,15,tasita,tasita,Tasita,Tasita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of tasati<sup>2</sup>] frightened,full of fear J.I,26 (bhīta+).342,IV.141 (id.):Nd<sup>2</sup> 479 (or=tasiṇā?).‹-› <i>atasita</i> fearless S.III,57.(Page 298),6,1
  13112. 413976,en,15,tasita,tasita,Tasita,Tasita,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of tasati<sup>1</sup>] dried up,parched,thirsty S.II,110,118; Sn.980,1014 (not with Fausböll=tasita<sup>2</sup>); J.IV,20; Pv.II,9<sup>36</sup> (chāta+),10<sup>3</sup> (=pipāsita PvA.143); III,6<sup>5</sup> (=pipāsita PvA.127,2Q2); Miln.318 (kilanta+).(Page 298),6,1
  13113. 414022,en,15,tassa-papiyyasika,tassa-pāpiyyasikā,Tassa-pāpiyyasikā,Tassa-pāpiyyasikā,(f.) (viz.kiriyā) N.of one of the adhikaraṇa-samathā:guilt (legal wrong) of such &#38; such a character Vin.I,325; in detail expl.M.II,249; + tiṇavatthāraka D.III,254; A.I,99.<i>°kammaṁ</i> karoti to carry out proceedings against someone guilty of a certain legal offence Vin.II,85,86; °kata one against whom the latter is carried out A.IV,347.(Page 298),17,1
  13114. 414066,en,15,tata,taṭa,Taṭa,Taṭa,[<i>*</i><em>tḷ</em>,see tala &#38; cp.tālu,also Lat.tellus] declivity or side of a hill,precipice; side of a river or well,a bank J.I,232,303; II,315 (udapāna°); IV,141; SnA 519,DhA.I,73 (papāta°).See also talāka.(Page 293),4,1
  13115. 414076,en,15,tata,tata,Tata,Tata,[pp.of tanoti] stretched,extended,spread out S.I,357 (jāla); J.IV,484 (tantāni jālāni Text,katāni v.l.for tatāni).Note:samo tata at J.I,183 is to be read as samotata (spread all over).(Page 295),4,1
  13116. 414085,en,15,tata,tāta,Tāta,Tāta,[Vedic tāta,Gr.tάta &#38; tέtta,Lat.tata,Ger.tate,E.dad(dy); onomat.] father; usually in Voc.sg.tāta (and pl.tātā) used as term of affectionate,friendly or respectful address to one or more persons,both younger &#38; older than the speaker,superior or inferior.As father (perhaps=tātā,see next) at Th.2,423,424 (+ammā).tāta (sg.) in addr.one:J.III,54; IV,281 (amma tāta mammy &#38; daddy) DhA.II,48 (=father); III,196 (id.); PvA.41 (=father),73 (a son),74 (a minister); J.I,179 (id.); Miln.15,16,17 (a bhikkhu or thera),in addr.several Vin.I,249; J.II,133; PvA.50.tātā (pl.) J.I,166; 263; IV,138.(Page 299),4,1
  13117. 414097,en,15,tatar,tātar,Tātar,Tātar,[from Vedic <i>trā</i>,n.ag.to trāyati to protect] protector,saviour,helper DA.I,229.For meaning “father” see tāta &#38; cp.pitā=tāyitā at J.I,412.(Page 299),5,1
  13118. 414109,en,15,tatatatayati,taṭataṭāyati,Taṭataṭāyati,Taṭataṭāyati,[Onomatopoetic,to make a sound like taṭtaṭ.Root <i>*</i><em>kḷ</em> (on ṭ for ḷ cp.taṭa for tala) to grind one’s teeth,to be in a frenzy.Cp.ciṭiciṭāyāti.See note on gala and kiṇakiṇāyati] to rattle,shake,clatter; to grind or gnash one’s teeth; to fizz.Usually said of people in frenzy or fury (in ppr.°yanto or °yamāna):J.I,347 (rosena) 439 (kodhena); II,277 (of a bhikkhu kodhana “boiling with rage” like a “uddhane pakkhitta-loṇaṁ viya”); the latter trope also at DhA.IV,176; DhA.I,370 (aggimhi pakkhitta-loṇasakkharā viya rosena t.); III,328 (vātâhata-tālapaṇṇaṁ viya); VvA.47,121 (of a kodhâbhibhūto; v.l.kaṭakaṭāyamāna),206 (+akkosati paribhāsati),256.Cp.also kaṭakaṭāyati &#38; karakarā.(Page 293),12,1
  13119. 414133,en,15,tatha,tatha,Tatha,Tatha,(adj.) [an adjectivized tathā out of comb<sup>n</sup> tathā ti “so it is,” cp.taccha] (being) in truth,truthful; true,real D.I,190 (+bhūta taccha); M.III,70; Th.1,347; Sn.1115 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 275 taccha bhūta,etc.).(nt.) tathaṁ=saccaṁ,in cattāri tathāni the 4 truths S.V,430,435; Ps.II,104 sq.(+avitathāni anaññathāni).As ep.of Nibbāna:see derivations &#38; cp.taccha.Abl.tathato exactly v.l.B for tattato at J.II,125 (see tatta<sup>2</sup>).-- yathā tathaṁ (cp.yathā tacchaṁ) according to truth,for certain,in truth Sn.699,732,1127.– Cp.vitatha.<br><br> <i>--parakkama</i> reaching out to the truth J.V,395 (=saccanikkama); <i>--vacana</i> speaking the truth (cp.tathāvādin) Miln.401.(Page 295),5,1
  13120. 414151,en,15,tatha,tathā,Tathā,Tathā,(adv.) [Sk.tathā,cp.also kathaṁ] so,thus (and not otherwise,opp.aññathā),in this way,likewise Sn.1052 (v.l.yathā); J.I,137,etc.-- Often with eva:that’eva just so,still the same,not different D.III,135 (taṁ that’eva hoti no aññathā); J.I,263,278; Pv.I,8<sup>3</sup>; PvA.55.Corresponding with <i>yathā</i>:tathā-yathā so --that Dh.282; PvA.23 (tathā akāsi yathā he made that ...,cp.Lat.ut consecutive); yathā-tathā asso also Sn.504; J.I,223; Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup> (yath’āgato tathā gato as he has come so he has gone).-- In cpds.that’before vowels.<br><br> <i>--ûpama</i> such like (in comparisons,following upon a preceding yathā or seyyathā) Sn.229 (=tathāvidha KhA 185),233; It.33,90; <i>--kārin</i> acting so (corresp.w.yathāvādin:acting so as he speaks,cp.tāthāvādin) Sn.357; It.122; <i>--gata</i> see sep.; <i>--bhāva</i> “the being so,” such a condition J.I,279; <i>--rūpa</i> such a,like this or that,esp.so great,such Vin.I,16; Sn.p.107; It.107; DA.I,104; PvA.5,56.nt.adv.thus PvA.14.Cp.<i>evarūpa; --vādin</i> speaking so (cp.°kārin) Sn.430; It.122 (of the Tathāgata); <i>--vidha</i> such like,so (=tathārūpa) Sn.772,818,1073,1113; Nd<sup>2</sup> 277 (=tādisa taṁsaṇṭhita tappakāra).(Page 296),5,1
  13121. 414203,en,15,tathagata,tathāgata,Tathāgata,Tathāgata,[Derivation uncertain.Buddhaghosa (DA.I,59--67) gives eight explanations showing that there was no fixed tradition on the point,and that he himself was in doubt].The context shows that the word is an epithet of an Arahant,and that non-Buddhists were supposed to know what it meant.The compilers of the Nikāyas must therefore have considered the expression as pre-Buddhistic; but it has not yet been found in any pre-Buddhistic work.Mrs.Rhys Davids (Dhs.tr.1099,quoting Chalmers J.R.A.S.Jan.,1898) suggests “he who has won through to the truth.” Had the early Buddhists invented a word with this meaning it would probably have been tathaṁgata,but not necessarily,for we have upadhī-karoti as well as upadhiṁ karoti.-- D.I,12,27,46,63; II,68,103,108,115,140,142; III,14,24 sq.,32 sq.,115,217,264 sq.,273 sq.; S.I,110 sq.; II,222 sq.; III,215; IV,127,380 sq.; A.I,286; II,17,25,120; III,35,etc.; Sn.236,347,467,557,1114; It.121 sq.; KhA 196; Ps.I,121 sq.; Dhs.1099,1117,1234; Vbh.325 sq.,340,etc.,etc.<br><br> <i>--balāni</i> (pl.) the supreme intellectual powers of a T.usually enum<sup>d</sup> as a set of ten:in detail at A.V,33 sq.=Ps.II,174; M.I,69; S.II,27; Nd<sup>2</sup> 466.Other sets of five at A.III,9; of six A.III,417 sq.(see bala); <i>--sāvaka</i> a disciple of the T.D.II,142; A.I,90; II,4; III,326 sq.; It.88; Sn.p.15.(Page 296),9,1
  13122. 414420,en,15,tathata,tathatā,Tathatā,Tathatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.tathā›tatha] state of being such,such-likeness,similarity,correspondence Vism.518.(Page 296),7,1
  13123. 414434,en,15,tathatta,tathatta,Tathatta,Tathatta,(nt.) [*tathātvaṁ] “the state of being so,” the truth,Nibbāna; only in foll.phrases:(a) <i>tathattāya paṭipajjati</i> to be on the road to (i.e.attain) Nibbāna D.I,175,similarly S.II,199; S.II,209 (paṭipajjitabba being conducive to N.); Miln.255; Vism.214.-- (b) <i>tathattāya upaneti</i> (of a cittaṁ bhāvitaṁ) id.S.IV,294=M.I,301; S.V,90,213 sq.-- (c) tathattāya cittaṁ upasaṁharati id.M.I,468.-- Abl.<i>tathattā</i> in truth,really Sn.520 sq.(cp.M Vastu III,397).(Page 296),8,1
  13124. 414483,en,15,tathiya,tathiya,Tathiya,Tathiya,(adj.) [Sk.tathya =taccha] true,Sn.882,883.(Page 296),7,1
  13125. 414502,en,15,tatiya,tatiya,Tatiya,Tatiya,[Sk.tṛtīya,Av.Qritya,Gr.tri/tos,Lat.tertius,Goth.pridja,E.third] Num.ord.the third.-- Sn.97 (parābhavo); 436 (khuppipāsā as the 3rd division in the army of Māra),1001; J.II,353; Dh.309; PvA.69 (tatiyāya jātiya:in her third birth).Tatiyaṁ (nt.adv.) for the 3rd time D.II,155; Sn.88,95,450; tatiyavāraṁ id.DhA.I,183; VvA.47 (=at last); yāva tatiyaṁ id.Vin.II,188; J.I,279; DhA.II,75; PvA.272 (in casting the lot:the third time decides); yāva tatiyakaṁ id.D.I,95.(Page 295),6,1
  13126. 414758,en,15,tato,tato,Tato,Tato,[Abl.of pron.base ta° (see ta° II.4)] 1.from this,in this S.III,96 (tatoja); J.III,281 (tato paraṁ beyond this,after this); Nd<sup>2</sup> 664 (id.); DA.I,212 (tatonidāna).‹-› 2.thence J.I,278; Miln.47.-- 3.thereupon,further,afterwards J.I,58; Dh.42; Miln.48; PvA.21,etc.(Page 295),4,1
  13127. 414792,en,15,tatra,tatra,Tatra,Tatra,(Sk.tatra)=tattha in all meanings &#38; applications,viz.A.1.there:Dh.375; PvA.54.tatrâpi D.I,81= It.22≈(tatrâpâsiṁ).tatra pi D.I,1 (=DA.I,42).tatra kho Vin.I,10,34; A.V,5 sq.; 354 sq.(cp.atha kho).‹-› In explanations:PvA.19 (tatrâyaṁ vitthārakathā “here follows the story in detail”).-- 2.in this:Sn.595 (tatra kevalino smase); Dh.88 (tatr’abhirati:enjoyment in this).-- 3.a special application of tatra (perhaps in the same sense to be explained tattha A 3) is that as first part of a cpd.,where it is to be taken as generalizing (=tatra tatra):all kinds of (orig.in this &#38; that),in whatever condition,all-round,complete (cp.yaṁ taṁ under ta° II.2,yena tena upāyena):tatramajjhattatā (complete) equanimity (keeping balance here &#38; there) Vism.466 (cp.tatra-majjhatt’upekkhā 160); DhsA.132,133 (majjh°+tatra majjh°); Bdhd 157.tatrûpāyaññū (=tatra upāyaññū) having allround knowledge of the means and ways Sn.321 (correct reading at SnA 330); tatrupāyāya vīmaṁsāya samannāgatā endowed with genius in all kinds of means Vin.IV,211 (or may it be taken as “suitable,corresponding,proportionate”? cp.tadūpiya).-- B.<i>tatra tatra</i>,in t.-t.-abhinandinī (of taṇhā) finding its delight in this &#38; that,here &#38; there Vin.I,10; Ps.II,147; Nett 72; Vism.506.(Page 295),5,1
  13128. 414879,en,15,tatta,tatta,Tatta,Tatta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [tad+tva] truth; Abl.<i>tattato</i> according to truth; accurately J.II,125 (ñatvā); III,276 (ajānitvā not knowing exactly).(Page 295),5,1
  13129. 414880,en,15,tatta,tatta,Tatta,Tatta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of tapati] heated,hot,glowing; of metals:in a melted state (cp.uttatta) A.II,122≈(tattena talena osiñcante,as punishment); Dh.308 (ayoguḷa); J.II,352 (id.); IV,306 (tattatapo “of red-hot heat,” i.e.in severe self-torture); Miln.26,45 (adv.red-hot); PvA.221 (tatta-lohasecanaṁ the pouring over of glowing copper,one of the punishments in Niraya).(Page 295),5,1
  13130. 414901,en,15,tattaka,taṭṭaka,Taṭṭaka,Taṭṭaka,[Etym.unknown] a bowl for holding food,a flat bowl,porringer,salver J.III,10 (suvaṇṇa°),97,121,538; IV,281.According to Kern,Toev.s.v.taken into Tamil as taṭṭaṁ,cp.also Av.taśta.Morris (J.P.T.S.1884,80) compares Marathi tasta (ewer).(Page 293),7,1
  13131. 414911,en,15,tattaka,tattaka,Tattaka,Tattaka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) (=tāvataka) of such size,so large Vism.184 (corresponding with yattaka); <i>tattakaṁ kālaṁ</i> so long,just that time,i.e.the specified time (may be long or short=only so long) DhA.I,103 (v.l.ettakaṁ); II,16 (=ettaka).(Page 295),7,1
  13132. 414912,en,15,tattaka,tattaka,Tattaka,Tattaka,<sup>1</sup> [tatta pp.of tappati<sup>2</sup>+ka] pleasing,agreeable,pleasant Miln.238 (bhojana).(Page 295),7,1
  13133. 414974,en,15,tattha,tattha,Tattha,Tattha,[Sk.tatra adv.of place,cp.Goth.papro &#38; also Sk.atra,yatra] A.1.of place:(a) place where= there,in that place Sn.1071,1085; Dh.58; J.I,278; Pv.I,10<sup>15</sup>; often with eva:tatth’eva right there,on the (very same) spot S.I,116; J.II,154; PvA.27.In this sense as introduction to a comment on a passage:in this,here,in this connection (see also tatra) Dhs.584; DhA.I,21; PvA.7,etc.(b) direction:there,to this place J.II,159 (gantvā); VI,368; PvA.16 (tatthagamanasīla able to go here &#38; there,i.e.wherever you like,of a Yakkha).-- 2.as (Loc.) case of pron.base ta°= in this,for or about that,etc.Sn.1115 (etam abhiññāya tato tattha vipassati:SnA tatra); tattha yo maṅku hoti Dh.249 (=tasmiṁ dāne m.DhA.III,359); tattha kā paridevanā Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup> (“why sorrow for this?”).-- 3.of time:then,for the time being,interim (=ettha,cp.tattaka<sup>2</sup>) in phrase tattha-parinibbāyin,where corresp.phrases have antarā-parinibbāyin (A.II,238 e.g.≈I.134; see under parinibbāyin) D.I,156; A.I,232; II,5; IV,12; S.V,357; M.II,52,etc.The meaning of this phrase may however be taken in the sense of tatra A 3 (see next).-- B.Repeated:<i>tattha tattha</i> here and there,in various places,all over; also corresponding with yattha yattha wherever ...there It.115; Nett 96 (°gāmini-paṭipadā); VvA.297; PvA.1,2,33,77,etc.-- See tatra.(Page 295),6,1
  13134. 415003,en,15,tattika,taṭṭikā,Taṭṭikā,Taṭṭikā,(f.) [cp.kaṭaka] a (straw) mat Vin.IV,40 (Bdhgh on this:teṭṭikaṁ (sic) nāma tālapaṇṇehi vā vākehi vā katataṭṭikā,p.357); J.I,141 (v.l.taddhika); Vism.97.(Page 293),7,1
  13135. 415055,en,15,tava,tāva,Tāva,Tāva,(adv.) [Sk.tāvat] so much,so long; usually correl.with <i>yāva</i> how long,how much; in all meanings to be understood out of elliptical application of this correlation.Thus I.<i>yāva-tāva</i> as long as:yāva dve janā avasiṭṭhā ahesuṁ tāva aññamaññaṁ ghātayiṁsu J.I,254; yāva dukkhā nirayā idha tattha pi tāva ciraṁ vasitabbaṁ Sn.678.Neg.na tāva-yāva na not until:M.I,428; S.V,261; A.I,141≈(na t.kālaṁ karoti yāva na taṁ pāpakammaṁ byantihoti he does not die until his evil kamma is exhausted).II.Elliptical:1.temporal:so long as,for the time (tāvakālikaṁ=yāvak°tāvak°; see below).-- 2.comparative:(such-) as,like,so,such,just so,rather,in such a degree,even; tāvabahuṁ suvaṇṇaṁ so much gold Vin.I,209; t.-mahanto so much J.I,207; t.madhuraphala with such sweet fruit J.II,105; asītiyā tāva kimi-kulānaṁ sādhāraṇa (of the body) or rather,i.e.Vism.235; vatthāni t.devapātubhūtāni PvA.44; paṭhamaṁ t.(even) at once,right away PvA.113,132; gilānāya t.ayaṁ etissā rūpasobhā even in sickness she is so beautiful VvA.76; parittakassa kusalakammassa t.=quidem PvA.51; paṁsukūlikaṅgaṁ t.in the first place Vism.62.-- 3.concessive:(a) (absol.) as far as it goes,considering,because:yadi evaṁ pitā tāva purisabhāve na rodati,mātu nāma hadayaṁ mudukaṁ “even if the father as man does not weep,surely,” &c.,PvA.63.-- (b) with imper.in expr.like gaccha tāva go as long as you like (to go) (=gaccha tāva yāva gaccheyyāsi),i.e.if you like,cp.Ger.geh’immer; passa tāva just look=Lat.licet.Therefore sometimes=please or simply an emphatic imper.as “do go,” etc.J.II,5 (ete t.aguṇā hontu let them be faulty),133 (ehi t.),352 (tiṭṭha t.leave off please),III,53 (pāto va t.hotu only let it be to-morrow,i.e.wait tillt-m.); IV,2 taṁ t.me detha give me this though); VvA.289 (vīmaṁsatha t.just think); PvA.4 (t.ayyo āgametu yāvâyaṁ puriso pānīyaṁ pivissati may your honour wait till this man shall have drunk the water),13 (therā t.gacchantu).With prohibitive:mā tāva ito agā please do not go from here Pv.II,3<sup>22</sup>.-- 4.hortative,with 1st pers.fut.equal to imperative-subjunctive or injunctive,cp.3 (b):let me,well,now,then (cp.Lat.age in dic age,etc.).J.I,62 (puttaṁ t.passissāmi please let me see the son),263 (vīmaṁsissāmi t.let me think),265 (nahāyissāmi t.just let me bathe).‹-› III,In other combinations:<i>tāva-na</i> although-yet= not even:ajjā pi t.me balaṁ na passasi not even to-day have you yet seen my full strength J.I,207; t.mahādhanassāmī na me dātuṁ piyaṁ ahu although lord of wealth yet I did not like to give Pv.II,7<sup>6</sup>.<i>na-tāva</i> (or tāva in neg.sentence) not yet,not even,not so much as (=Lat.ne-quidem) Pv.II,11<sup>2</sup> (na ca tāva khīyati does not even diminish a bit); PvA.117 (attano kenaci anabhibhavanīyataṁ eva tāva:that he is not to be overpowered,even by anyone).<i>tāva-d-eva</i> just now,instantly,on the spot,at once Sn.30; J.I,61,151; IV,2; Pv.II,8<sup>9</sup> (=tadā eva PvA.109); PvA.23,46,74,88,etc.<i>tāvade</i> (=tāva-d-eva) for all times Pv IV.3<sup>38</sup> (=PvA.255).<br><br> <i>--kālika</i> (adj.) “as long as the time lasts,” i.e.for the time being,temporary,pro tempore Vin.II,174; III,66; IV,286; J.I,121,393; Vism.95; ThA.288; PvA.87 (=na sassata).(Page 300),4,1
  13136. 415136,en,15,tavata,tāvata,Tāvata,Tāvata,(nt.) [abstr.fr.tāva] lit.“so-much-ness,” i.e.relative extent or sphere,relatively Vism.481,482.(Page 300),6,1
  13137. 415141,en,15,tavata,tāvatā,Tāvatā,Tāvatā,(adv.) [from tāva] 1.so long (corr.to yāva) Dpvs.IV,17.-- 2.on that account,thus D.I,104 (v.l.ettāvatā); Dh.266.(Page 300),6,1
  13138. 415150,en,15,tavataka,tāvataka,Tāvataka,Tāvataka,(adj.) [der.fr.tāva] just so much or just so long (viz.as the situation requires),with (or ellipt.without) a corresp.yāvataka Vin.I,83 (yāvatake-t.as many as):D.II,18 (yāvatakv’assa kāyo tāvatakv’assa vyāmo as tall as is his body so far can he stretch his arms:the 19th sign of a Mahāpurisa); Instr.as adv.<i>tāvatakena</i> after a little time Miln.107; DhA.III,61.-- See also tattaka (contracted of tāvataka).(Page 300),8,1
  13139. 415172,en,15,tavatimsa,tāvatiṁsa,Tāvatiṁsa,Tāvatiṁsa,[tayo+tiṁsa.Cp.Vedic trayastriṁśat] No.33,only in cpds.denoting the 33 gods,whose chief is Sakka,while the numeral 33 is always <i>tettiṁsa</i>.This number occurs already in the Vedas with ref.to the gods &#38; is also found in Zend-Avesta (see Haug,Language &#38; Writings,etc.,pp.275,276).The early Buddhists,though they took over the number 33,rejected the superstitious beliefs in the magical influence and mystic meaning of that &#38; other simple numbers.And they altered the tradition.The king of the gods had been Indra,of disreputable character from the Buddhist point of view.Him they deposed,and invented a new god named Sakka,the opposite in every way to Indra (see for details Dial.II.294--298).Good Buddhists,after death in this world,are reborn in heaven (sagga),by which is meant the realm of the Thirty-three (D.II,209).There they are welcomed by the Thirtythree with a song of triumph (D.II,209,211,221,227).The Thirty-three are represented as being quite good Buddhists.Sakka their new chief and Brahmā address them in discourses suitable only for followers of the new movement (D.II,213,221).See further Vin.I,12; M.I,252; II,78; III,100; A.III,287; IV,396=VvA.18 (cp<sup>d</sup> with the people of Jambudīpa); V,59,331,Vism.225,etc.-- See also tidasa.<br><br> <i>--devaloka</i> the god-world of the 33; freq.e.g.J.I,202; Vism.399; DhA.III,8; <i>--bhavana</i> the realm of the 33 gods J.I,202; Vism.207 sq.,390,416,and passim.(Page 300),9,1
  13140. 415247,en,15,taya,taya,Taya,Taya,(nt.) [Sk.trayaṁ triad,cp.trayī; see also tāvatiṁsa] a triad,in <i>ratana-ttaya</i> the triad of gems (the Buddha,the Norm. &#38; the Community) see ratana; e.g.PvA.1,49,141.-- <i>piṭaka-ttaya</i> the triad of the Piṭakas SnA 328.(Page 297),4,1
  13141. 415310,en,15,tayati,tāyati,Tāyati,Tāyati,[Sk.trāyate &#38; trāte,connected with <i>*ter</i> in tarati,orig.to see through,to save,cp.tāṇa,etc.] to shelter,protect,preserve,guard; bring up,nourish S.IV,246 (rūpa-balaṁ,bhoga°,ñāti°,putta°); J.IV,387; Sn.579 (paralokato na pitā tāyate puttaṁ ñātī vā pana ñātake); PvA.7 (khettaṁ tāyati bījaṁ).(Page 299),6,1
  13142. 415333,en,15,tayitar,tāyitar,Tāyitar,Tāyitar,[n.ag.from tāyati] one who protects,shelters or guards J.I,412 (in expl.of tāṇa,q.v.).(Page 299),7,1
  13143. 415347,en,15,tayo,tayo,Tayo,Tayo,[f.tisso,nt.tīṇi; Vedic traya,trī &#38; trīṇi; Gr.treίs,tria; Lat.trēs,tria; Goth.preis,prija; Ohg.drī; E.three,etc.] num.card.three. Nom.Acc.m.<i>tayo</i> (Sn.311), &#38; tayas (tayas <i>su</i> dhammā Sn.231,see KhA 188) f.<i>tisso</i> (D.I,143; A.V,210; It.99) nt.<i>tīṇi</i> (A.I,138,etc.),also used as absolute form (eka dve tīṇi) Kh III,(cp.KhA 79 &#38; tīṇi lakkhaṇā for lakkhaṇāni Sn.1019); Gen.m.nt.tiṇṇaṁ (J.III,52,111,etc.),f.tissannaṁ; Instr.tīhi (ṭhānehi Dh.224,vijjāhi It.101); Loc.tīsu (janesu J.I,307; vidhāsu Sn.842).-- In composition &#38; derivation:ti in numerical cpds.:tidasa (30) q.v.; <i>tisata</i> (300) Sn.566 (brāhmaṇā tisatā); 573 (bhikkhavo tisatā); <i>tisahassa</i> (3000) Pv.II,9<sup>51</sup> (janā °ā); in numerical derivations:tiṁsa (30),tika (triad),tikkhattuṁ (thrice); tidhā (threefold).-- In nominal cpds.:see ti° te (a) in numerical cpds.:<i>terasa</i> (SnA 489; DhsA.333; VvA.72:terasī the 13th day) &#38; <i>teḷasa</i> (S.I,192 Sn.pp.102,103) (13) [Sk.trayodaśa,Lat.tredecim]; <i>tevīsa</i> (23) VvA.5; <i>tettiṁsa</i> (33) J.I,273; DhA.I,267; <i>tesaṭṭhi</i> (63) PvA.111 (Jambudīpe tesaṭṭhiyā nagarasahassesu).‹-› (b) in nominal cpds.:see te°.(Page 297),4,1
  13144. 415382,en,15,te°,te°,Te°,Te°,[Sk.trai°] secondary base of numeral three (fr.ti) in comp<sup>n</sup>:having a relation to a triad of,three-; in numerical cpds.also=three (see under tayo).<br><br> <i>--kaṭula</i> containing 3 spices (of yāgu),viz.tila,taṇḍula,mugga Vin.I,210; III,66; <i>--cīvarika</i> wearing three robes (cp.ticīvara) Vin.I,253; Ud.42; Pug.69; Vism.60.<i>--daṇḍika</i> carrying the tripod (see tidaṇḍa),Ep.of a brahmin ascetic A.III,276; J.II,316 (=kuṇḍikaṁ ṭhapanatthāya tidaṇḍaṁ gahetvā caranto); <i>--dhātuka</i> (nt.) the (worlds of the) threefold composition of elements=tiloka Nett 14,63 (tedhātuke vimutti= sabbadhi vippamutta),82; cp.Kvu 605; <i>--piṭaka</i> versed in the three piṭakas (see piṭaka),Ep.of theras &#38; bhikkhus J.IV,219; Miln.18 sq.; DhA.I,7,384; III,385; Dāvs.V,22.Cp.Sk.tripiṭo bhikṣuḥ (AvŚ I.334 &#38; Index to Divy); <i>--bhātika</i> having 3 brothers DhA.I,88,97.<i>--bhūmaka</i> belonging to the 3 stages of being (viz.the kāma,rūpa,arūpa existences; cp.°dhātuka &#38; tiloka) DhA.I,305; IV,72; DhsA.50,214 (°kusala),291; <i>--māsa</i> (nt.) 3 months,i.e.a season M.I,438; Miln.15; DhA.II,192; PvA.20; <i>--vācika</i> pronouncing the threefold formula (of the saraṇa-gata) Vin.I,18; <i>--vijja</i> (adj.) possessed of the 3 fold knowledge (i.e.either the higher knowledge of the Brahmins,i.e.the 3 Vedas [cp.Sk.trayī vidyā=the knowledge of the Vedas] or of the Buddha &#38; Arahants,as defined at A.I,164 sq.,viz.(1) remembrance of former births,(2) insight into the (future) destiny of all beings,(3) recognition of the origin of misery &#38; of the way to its removal,i.e.of the Path):1.brahmanic:D.I,238; A.I,163; also as <i>tevijjaka</i> (n.) D.I,88,107,119.-- 2.buddhistic:Vin.II,161; M.I,482; S.I,194; A.I,167 =It.100; Sn.594=VvA.10; Pug.14; DhA.I,138; Sdhp.420.<i>--tevijjatā</i> (abstr.) Vism.5.(Page 306),3,1
  13145. 415561,en,15,teja,teja,Teja,Teja, &#38; Tejo [Vedic tejas (nt.) from <i>tij</i> to be sharp or to pierce=a (piercing) flame.See tejate; semantically (sharp›light) cp.Ger.strahl (ray of light)=Ags.strael (arrow).-- The nt.tejo is the usual form; Instr.tejasā (Dh.387; Sn.1097) &#38; tejena (J.III,53),cp.tapa &#38; tapo] “sharpness,” heat,flame,fire,light; radiance,effulgence,splendour,glory,energy,strength,power D.II,259 (personified as deva,among the 4 Elements paṭhavī,āpo,t.,vāyo; cp.tejo-dhātu); S.IV,215; M.I,327; Sn.1097 (glory of the sun comp<sup>d</sup> with that of the Buddha); Dh.387 (sabbaṁ ahorattiṁ Buddho tapati tejasā); J.III,53 (sīla°); I,93 (puñña° the power of merit); Vbh.426 (id.); Ps.I,103; Vism.350 (def.); VvA.116.<br><br> <i>--kasiṇa</i> fire-contemplation for the purpose of kammaṭṭhāna practice (see kasiṇa) D.III,268; Dhs.203; Vism.171; DhA.II,49; III,214; Bdhd 106; <i>--dhātu</i> the element of flame (or fire),the 3rd of the 6 Elements,viz.paṭhavī āpo t.vāyo ākāsa viññāṇa (cp.Dhs.trsl.p.242) D.III,27,228,247; M.I,188,422; A.I,176; II,165; Dhs.588,648,964; Nett 74; Vism.363.(Page 306),4,1
  13146. 415588,en,15,tejana,tejana,Tejana,Tejana,(nt.) [see tejate] the point or shaft of an arrow,an arrow Th.1,29; Dh.80,145; DhA.II,147.(Page 306),6,1
  13147. 415619,en,15,tejate,tejate,Tejate,Tejate,[Vedic tejate from <em>tij</em> (*<em>stij</em>)=Lat.in-stīgo (to spur),Gr.sti/zw,stiktόs,Ohg.stehhan,Nhg.stecken,E.stick] to be sharp or to make sharp,to prick,to incite,etc.-- See tikkha,tikhiṇa,tiṇha,titikkhati,tittaka,teja,etc.(Page 306),6,1
  13148. 415629,en,15,tejavant,tejavant,Tejavant,Tejavant,(adj.) [tejas+vant] 1.splendid,powerful,majestic DhA.I,426.-- 2.in flames,heated,burning with (-°) Miln.148.(Page 306),8,1
  13149. 415673,en,15,tejin,tejin,Tejin,Tejin,(adj.-n.) [see teja] having light or splendour,shining forth,glorious Sn.1097 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 286 tejena samannāgata).(Page 306),5,1
  13150. 415806,en,15,tekiccha,tekiccha,Tekiccha,Tekiccha,(adj.) [der.fr.tikiccha] curable; fig.one who can be helped or pardoned.Only in cpds.<i>a°</i> incurable,unpardonable VvA.322 (of a sick person); DhA.I,25 (id.); Miln.322; of Devadatta w.ref.to his rebirth in Niraya Vin.II,202=It.85; M.I,393; &#38; <i>sa°</i> pardonable Miln.192,221,344.(Page 306),8,1
  13151. 415824,en,15,tela,tela,Tela,Tela,(nt.) [from tila] sesamum-oil (prepared from tila seeds),oil in general (tela=tilatelādika DA.I,93):used for drinking,anointing &#38; burning purposes Vin.I,205,220,245,etc.; A.I,209,278 (sappi vā t.vā); II,122≈(tattena pi telena osiñcante; punishment of pouring over with boiling oil); J.I,293; II,104; Pv IV.1<sup>48</sup> (tiṇena telaṁ pi na tvaṁ adāsi:frequent as gift to mendicants); Pug.55; Dhs.646,740,815; PvA.80 (kaḷebarānaṁ vasā telañ ca:fat or oil in general).-- tila °ṁ pātukāma desire to drink tila-wine VvA.54; pāka-tela oil concoction VvA.68=DhA.III,311; J.II,397 (sata°); III,372 (sahassa° worth a thousand); V,376 (sata° worth a hundred); pādabbhañjana° oil for rubbing the feet VvA.44; sāsapa° (mustard seed &#38; oil) PvA.198; sappi° (butter &#38; oil) Sn.295; PvA.278 (also+madhu) as var.objects of grocery trade (dhañña).<br><br> <i>--koṭṭhāgāra</i> oil store DhA.I,220; <i>--ghaṭa</i> oil jar DA.I,144; <i>--cāṭī</i> an oil tank DhA.I,220; <i>--dhūpita</i> spiced or flavoured with oil (of a cake) Vv 43<sup>5</sup>; <i>--nāḷi</i> a reed used for keeping oil in,an oil tube Vism.99; DhA.II,193 (+udakatumba); <i>--pajjota</i> an oil lamp Vin.I,16= D.I,85=A.I,56=Sn.p.15; <i>--padīpa</i> an oil lamp Vin.I,15; S.III,126; V,319; VvA.198; <i>--pāka</i> an oil decoction,mixed with spirits,oil-wine Vin.I,205; <i>--pilotikā</i> (pl.) rags soaked in oil DhA.I,221; <i>--makkhana</i> anointing (the body) with oil Miln.11; <i>--miñjaka</i> an oil-cake PvA.51; <i>--vaṇijjā</i> oil trade PvA.47; <i>--homa</i> an oblation of oil D.I,9.(Page 307),4,1
  13152. 415892,en,15,telaka,telaka,Telaka,Telaka,(nt.)=tela Vin.I,204 (“a small quantity of oil”); II,107 (sittha-t.oil of beeswax).(Page 307),6,1
  13153. 416108,en,15,teliya,teliya,Teliya,Teliya,(adj.) oily J.III,522.(Page 307),6,1
  13154. 416123,en,15,temana,temana,Temana,Temana,(nt.) [from temeti] wetting,moistening Vism.338; VvA.20 (aggimhi tāpanaṁ udake vā temanaṁ); DhA.III,420.(Page 306),6,1
  13155. 416201,en,15,temeti,temeti,Temeti,Temeti,[cp.Divy 285 tīmayati; Caus.of <em>tim</em> to moisten.There is an ancient confusion between the roots <em>tim</em>,tamas,etc.(to be dark),<em>tim</em>,temeti (to be wet),and <i>stim</i> to be motionless.Cp.tintiṇāyati,tinta,tibba (=tamas),timira] to make wet,to moisten Vin.I,47 (temetabba); II,209 (temetvā); DhA.I,220,394 (id.); J.I,88≈KhA 164; J.II,325 (temento); PvA.46 (sutemitvā for temetvā).(Page 306),6,1
  13156. 416362,en,15,terasa,terasa,Terasa,Terasa,see under tayo.(Page 307),6,1
  13157. 416427,en,15,terovassika,terovassika,Terovassika,Terovassika,(adj.) [tiro+vassa+ika] lasting over or beyond a year (or season),a year old,dried up or decayed S.IV,161 (thero vassiko in text)=185 (of wood) M.I,58 (of bones).(Page 307),11,1
  13158. 416484,en,15,tettimsa,tettiṁsa,Tettiṁsa,Tettiṁsa,(num.) [tayo+tiṁsa] thirty-three J.I,273; DhA.I,267 sq.See also under tayo &#38; tāvatiṁsa.(Page 306),8,1
  13159. 416531,en,15,tevijja,tevijja,Tevijja,Tevijja,see Vijjā.(Page 307),7,1
  13160. 416640,en,15,thabbha,thabbha,Thabbha,Thabbha,is to be read for <i>°tthambha</i> in para° J.IV,313.(Page 308),7,1
  13161. 416649,en,15,thaddha,thaddha,Thaddha,Thaddha,[pp.of thambeti,Sk.stabhnāti to make firm,prop,hold up; cp.Av.stawra firm,Gr.a]stemfήs,stafulή; Goth.stafs,Ags.staef=E.staff; Ohg.stab.See also khambha &#38; chambheti] 1.lit.hard,rigid,firm J.I,293 (opp.muduka); Vism.351 (°lakkhaṇa); PvA.139 (=ujjhaṅgala).-- 2.fig.(a) hardened,obdurate,callous,selfish D.I,118 (māna°); III,45 (+atimānin); A.II,26=It.113 (kuha th.lapa); Sn.104 (see gotta°); J.I,88 (māna°) II.136; Sdhp.90.-- (b) slow Miln.103 (opp.lahuka; cp.BSk.dhandha,on which Kern,Toev.II.90).-- See thambha &#38; thūṇa.<br><br> <i>--maccharin</i> obdurate &#38; selfish,or very selfish DhA.III,313; VvA.69; PvA.45; <i>--hadaya</i> hard-hearted J.III,68.(Page 307),7,1
  13162. 416775,en,15,thakana,thakana,Thakana,Thakana,(nt.) [see next] covering,lid; closing up DhA.IV,85 (saṁvara+).(Page 307),7,1
  13163. 416819,en,15,thaketi,thaketi,Thaketi,Thaketi,[Sk.sthagayati,Caus.to sthagati,from <i>*steg</i> to cover; cp.Gr.stέgw cover,tέgh roof; Lat.tego,tegula (E.=tile),toga; Oir.tech house; Ohg.decchu cover,dah roof.On P.form cp.Trenckner,Notes,p.62] to cover,cover up,close (usually of doors &#38; windows) Vin.II,134 (kaṇṇagūthakehi kaṇṇā <i>thakitā</i> honti:the ears were closed up),148 (kavaṭā na <i>thakīyanti</i>,Pass.),209 (vātapāna); IV,54; J.IV,4 (sabbe apihitā dvārā; api-dhā=Gr.e)pi-qh°,cp.Hom.Od.9,243:h)li/baton pέtrhn e(pέqhke quρhsin the Cyclops covered the door with a polished rock) V.214; DhA.IV,180 (ṭhakesi,v.l.ṭhapesi); VvA.222; PvA.216 (dvārā) Dāvs.IV,33; V,25 (chiddaṁ mālāguḷena th.).(Page 307),7,1
  13164. 416854,en,15,thala,thala,Thala,Thala,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [prob.dialect.variant of tharu] the haft of a sword,the scabbard J.III,221 (reading uncertain).(Page 308),5,1
  13165. 416855,en,15,thala,thala,Thala,Thala,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic sthala,to <em>sthā</em>,orig.standing place; cp.Gr.stέllw,stoλos; Ags.steall (place); also P.thaṇḍila] dry ground,viz.high,raised (opp.low) or solid,firm (opp.water) S.IV,179.As plateau opp.to ninna (low lying place) at Sn.30 (SnA 42=ukkūla); Dh.98; It.66=S.I,100 (megho thalaṁ ninnañ ca pūreti); PvA.29 (=unnatapadesa).As dry land,terra firma opp.to jala at Dh.34; J.I,107,222; Pv IV.1<sup>21</sup>; PvA.260.As firm,even ground or safe place at D.I,234; Sn.946.‹-› Cp.J.III,53; IV,142; Vism.185.<br><br> --gocara living on land J.II,159; --ja sprung from land (opp.vārija Dh.34 or udakarūha Vv 35<sup>6</sup>=water-plant); referring to plants A.I,35; J.I,51; Vv 35<sup>6</sup> (=yodhikādikā VvA.162); Miln.281; --ṭṭha standing on firm ground A.II,241; --patha a road by land (opp.jala° by water) J.I,121; III,188.(Page 308),5,1
  13166. 416867,en,15,thala,thāla,Thāla,Thāla,(nt.) [from thala orig.a flat dish] a plate,dish,vessel D.I,74; J.I,69; Miln.282.Kaṁsa° a gong Miln.62; Vism.283 (in simile).See also thālī.(Page 308),5,1
  13167. 416901,en,15,thalaka,thālaka,Thālaka,Thālaka,(nt.) [thāla+ka] a small bowl,beaker Pv.II,1<sup>8</sup> (thālakassa pānīyaṁ),1<sup>19</sup> (id.); Nett 79 (for holding oil:dīpakapallika Com.).(Page 308),7,1
  13168. 416969,en,15,thali,thālī,Thālī,Thālī,(f.) (thāli° in cpds.) [Sk.sthālī,cp.thāla] an earthen pot,kettle,large dish; in --dhovana washing of the dish A.I,161 (+sarāva-dhovana); --pāka an offering of barley or rice cooked in milk Vin.III,15; D.I,97 (=DA.I,267); S.II,242; V,384; A.I,166; J.I,186; Miln.249.(Page 308),5,1
  13169. 416976,en,15,thalika,thālikā,Thālikā,Thālikā,(f.)=thālakaVin.I,203,240.See āḷhaka°.(Page 308),7,1
  13170. 417064,en,15,thamaka,thāmaka,Thāmaka,Thāmaka,(adj.) having strength Sn.1144 (dubbala° with failing strength); Nd<sup>1</sup> 12 (appa°+dubbala).(Page 308),7,1
  13171. 417096,en,15,thamavant,thāmavant,Thāmavant,Thāmavant,(adj.) [thāma+vant] strong,steadfast,powerful,persevering S.V,197,225; A.II,250; IV,110,234,291; V,24; Nd<sup>2</sup> 131; Vv 5<sup>1</sup> (=thira balavā VvA.35).(Page 308),9,1
  13172. 417123,en,15,thambha,thambha,Thambha,Thambha,[see etym.under thaddha; occasionally spelt thamba,viz.A.I,100; M.I,324; PvA.186,187] 1.a pillar,a post Vin.I,276; D.I,50 (majjhimaṁ °ṁ nissāya); II,85 (id.); Sn.214; Vv 78<sup>2</sup> (veḷuriya°,of the pillars of a Vimāna); Pv III,3<sup>1</sup> (id.); DhA.IV,203; VvA.188 (+tulā-gopānasī); PvA.186.-- 2.(fig.) in all meanings of thaddha,applied to selfishness,obduracy,hypocrisy &#38; deceit; viz.immobility,hardness,stupor,obstinacy (cp.Ger.“verstockt”):thambho ti thaddha-bhāvo SnA 288,333; th.thambhanā thambhittaṁ kakkhaliyaṁ phāruliyaṁ ujucittatā (an°?) amudutā Vbh.350.-- Often comb<sup>d</sup> w.māna (=arrogance),freq.in set sāṭheyyaṁ th.sārambho māno,etc.A.I,100,299=Nd<sup>2</sup> under rāga=Miln.289; cp.M.I,15.-- A.III,430 (+māna); IV,350,465 (+sāṭheyya); Sn.245 (+mada),326,437 (as one of Māra’s combatants:makkho th.te aṭṭhamo); J.I,202.-- 3.a clump of grass M.I,324; cp.thambhaka.(Page 308),7,1
  13173. 417159,en,15,thambhana,thambhanā,Thambhanā,Thambhanā,(f.) [abstr.to thambha] firmness,rigidity,immobility Dhs.636=718; Vbh.350.(Page 308),9,1
  13174. 417195,en,15,thambhati,thambhati,Thambhati,Thambhati, &#38; thambheti,see upa°,paṭi°.(Page 308),9,1
  13175. 417220,en,15,thambhin,thambhin,Thambhin,Thambhin,(adj.) obstinate Th.1,952.(Page 308),8,1
  13176. 417228,en,15,thambhitatta,thambhitatta,Thambhitatta,Thambhitatta,(nt.) [abstr.to thambha]=thambha 2,viz.hardness,rigidity,obduracy,obstinacy Vbh.350.Note.Quite a late development of the term,caused by a misinterpretation of chambhitatta,is “fluctuation,unsteadiness,inflation” at Dhs.965 (in def.of vāyodhātu:chambhittattaṁ [?] thambhitattaṁ.See on this Dhs.trsl.p.242), &#38; at Vbh.168 (in def.of vicikicchā; v.l.chambhitatta),and at Asl.338 (of vayo).None of these meanings originally belong to the term thambha.(Page 308),12,1
  13177. 417238,en,15,thamhhaka,thamhhaka,Thamhhaka,Thamhhaka,(=thambha 3) a clump of grass VvA.276 (=gumba).(Page 308),9,1
  13178. 417252,en,15,thana,ṭhāna,Ṭhāna,Ṭhāna,(ṭṭhāna) (nt.) [Vedic sthāna,<em>sthā</em>,see tiṭṭhati; cp.Sk.sthāman Gr.staqmiζ,Lat.stamen] -- I.Connotation.As one of the 4 iriyāpathā (behaviours) 1.contrasted (a) as standing position with sitting or reclining; (b) as rest with motion; 2.by itself without particular characterization as location.<br><br> II.Meanings-(1) Literal:place,region,locality,abode,part (-° of,or belonging to)--(a) cattāri ṭhānāni dassanīyāni four places (in the career of Buddha) to be visited D.II,140=A.II,120; vāse ṭhāne gamane Sn.40 (expl.by SnA 85 as mahā-upaṭṭhāna-saṅkhāte ṭhāne,but may be referred to I.1 (b)); ṭhānā cāveti to remove from one’s place Sn.442; J.IV,138; PvA.55 (spot of the body).-- (b) kumbha° (the “locality of the pitcher,” i.e.the well) q.v.; arañña° (part of the forest) J.I,253; PvA.32; nivāsana° (abode) PvA.76; phāsuka° J.II,103; PvA.13; vasana° J.I,150,278; VvA.66; virūhana° (place for the growing of ...) PvA.7; vihāra (place of his sojourn) PvA.22; saka° (his own abode) J.II,129; PvA.66.-- (c) In this meaning it approaches the metaphorical sense of “condition,state” (see 2 &#38; cp.gati) in:dibbāni ṭhānāni heavenly regions S.I,21; tidivaṁ S.I,96; saggaṁ ṭh.a happy condition Pv.I,1<sup>3</sup>; pitu gata° the place where my father went (after death) PvA.38; Yamassa ṭh.=pettivasaya PvA.59.-- (d) In its pregnant sense in comb<sup>n</sup> with accuta &#38; acala it represents the connotation I.1 (b),i.e.perdurance,constancy,i.e.Nibbāna Vv 51<sup>4</sup>; Dh.225.-- 2.Applied meanings‹-› (a) state,condition; also --° (in sg.) as collective-abstract suffix in the sense of being,behaviour (corresponding to E.ending hood,ion,or ing),where it resembles abstr.formations in °tā &#38; °ttaṁ (Sk.tā &#38; tvaṁ),as lahuṭṭhāna=lahutā &#38; collect.formations in °ti (Sk.daśati ten-hood; devatāti godhead,sarvatāti=P.sabbattaṁ comprehensiveness; cp.also Lat.civitātem,juventūtem).-- S.I,129 (condition) II.27 (asabha°)=M.I,69; S.III,57 (atasitāyaṁ fearless state):A.II,118 sq.(four conditions); Ḍḥ.137 (dasannaṁ aññataraṁ th.° nigacchati he undergoes one of the foll.ten conditions,i.e.items of affliction,expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.III,70 with kāraṇa “labours”),309 (states=dukkhakāraṇāni DhA.III,482,conditions of suffering or ordeals); hattha-pasāraṇa‹-› --ṭṭhāna condition of outstretched hands DhA.I,298; Loc.-<i>ṭhāne</i> (-°) when required,at the occasion of ...DhA.I,89 (hasitabba°,saṁvega°,dātuṁ yutta°); pubbe nibbatta <i>--ṭṭhānato</i> paṭṭhāya “since the state (or the time) of his former birth” PvA.100.-- vibhūsanaṭṭhāna ornamentation,decoration,things for adornment D.I,5; Sn.59 (DA.I,77 superficially:ṭhānaṁ vuccati kāraṇaṁ; SnA 112 simply vibhūsā eva v-ṭṭhānaṁ); jūta-pamāda° (gambling &#38; intoxication) D.I,6≈ (cp.expl.at KhA 26); <i>gata° </i>&<i> āgata°</i> (her) going &#38; coming J.III,188; -- pariccāga° distribution of gifts PvA.124.-- (b) (part=) attribute,quality,degree:aggasāvaka° (degrees of discipleship) VvA.2; esp.in set of 10 attributes,viz.rūpa (etc.1--5),āyu,vaṇṇa,sukha,yasa,ādhipateyya D.III,146; S.IV,275; Pv.II,9<sup>58</sup>,also collectively [see (a)] as dasaṭṭhānaṁ S.I,193; out of these are mentioned as 4 attributes āyu,vaṇṇa,sukha,bala at Vv 32<sup>7</sup>; other ten at A.V,129 (pāsaṁsāni).‹-› (c) (counter-part=) object (-° for),thing; item,point; pl.grounds,ways,respects.With a numeral often=a (five)fold collection of ...S.IV,249 sq.(5 objects or things,cp.Ger.fünferlei); A.III,54 sq.(id.),60 sq.,71 sq.; etehi tīhi ṭhānehi on these 3 grounds Dh.224; manussā tīhi ṭhānehi bahuṁ puññaṁ pasavanti:kāyena vācāya manasā (in 3 ways,qualities or properties) A 151 sq.; cp.II.119 sq.(=saṁvutaṁ tīhi ṭhānehi Dh.391); catuhi ṭhānehi in Com.equals catuhi ākārehi or kāraṇehi pāmujjakaraṇaṁ ṭh.(object) Sn.256; ekaccesu ṭhānesu sameti ekaccesu na sameti “I agree in certain points,but not in others” D.I,162; kaṅkhaniya° doubtful point S.IV,350,399; -- n’atthi aññaṁ ṭhānaṁ no other means,nothing else DhA.II,90; agamanīya° something not to be done,not allowed VvA.72; cp.also kamma°.-- (d) (standpoint=) ground for (assumption) reason,supposition,principle,esp.a sound conclusion,logic,reasonableness (opp.a° see 4):garayhaṁ th.āgacchati “he advocates a faulty principle” D.I,161; catuhi ṭh.paññāpeti (four arguments) S.III,116; IV,380; ṭhāna-kusala accomplished in sound reasoning S.III,61 sq.(satta°); A.II,170 sq.Also with aṭṭhāna-kusala:see below 4.<br><br> III,Adverbial use of some cases Acc.<i>ṭhānaṁ:</i> ettakaṁ ṭh.even a little bit DhA.I,389.-- Abl.<i>ṭhānaso:</i> in comb<sup>n</sup> w.hetuso with reason &#38; cause,causally conditioned [see 2 (d)] S.V,304; A.III,417; V,33; Nett 94 (ñāṇa); abs.without moving (see I.1 (b) &#38; cp.Lat.statim) i.e.without an interval or a cause (of change),at once,immediately,spontaneously,impromptu (cp.cpd.° uppatti) S.I,193; V,50,321,381; Pv.I,4<sup>4</sup> (=khaṇaṁ yeva PvA.19).-- Loc.ṭhāne instead=like,as dhītu ṭhāne ṭhapesi he treats her like a daughter VvA.209; puttaṭṭhāne as a son J.II,132.<br><br> IV.Contrasted with negation of term (ṭhāna &#38; aṭṭhāna).The meanings in this category are restricted to those mentioned above under 1 [esp.1 (c)] &#38; 2 (d),viz.the relations of place›not place (or wrong place,also as proper time &#38; wrong time),i.e.somewhere›nowhere,and of possibility›impossibility (truth›falsehood).(a) ṭhānaṁ upagacchati (pathaviyā) to find a (resting) place on the ground,to stay on the ground (by means of the law of attraction and gravitation) Miln.255; opp.na ṭhānaṁ upa° to find no place to rest,to go into nothingness Miln.180,237,270.-- (b) ṭhānaṁ vijjati there is a reason,it is logically sound,it is possible D.I,163,175; M.III,64; Ps.II,236 sq.; cp.M Vastu II.448; opp.na etaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati it is not possible,feasible,plausible,logically correct Vin.II,284; D.I,104,239; M.II,10; III,64; Miln.237; Nett 92 sq.-- (c) <i>aṭṭhānaṁ</i> an impossibility Sn.54 (aṭṭhāna,with elision of ṁ); aṭṭhāne at the wrong time J.I,256; ṭhāna is that one of the gatis which is accessible to human influence,as regards gifts of relief or sacrifice (this is the pettivisaya),whilst aṭṭhāna applied to the other 4 gatis (see gati) PvA.27 sq.In cpd.<i>ṭhānâṭhāna-gata</i> it means referring or leading to good &#38; bad places (gatis):of sabbe khayadhammā (i.e.keci saggûpagā keci apāyûpagā) Nett 94.In comb<sup>n</sup> apucchi nipuṇe pañhe ṭhānâṭhānagate (Miln.1) it may mean either questions concerning possibilities &#38; impossibilities or truths &#38; falsehoods,or questions referring to happy &#38; unhappy states (of existence); ṭhānâṭhāna-ñāṇa is “knowledge of correct &#38; faulty conclusions” Nett 94,cp.Kvu 231 sq.; the same comb<sup>n</sup> occurs with °kusala °kusalatā “accomplished or skilled ( &#38; skill) in understanding correct or faulty conclusions” D.III,212 (one of the ten powers of the Buddha); M.III,64; Dhs.1337,1338 (trsl.by Mrs.Rh.D.on p.348 Dhs.trsl.as “skill in affirming or negating causal conjuncture”).In the same sense:ṭhānaṁ ṭhānato pajānāti ( &#38; aṭṭhānaṁ aṭṭhānato p.) to draw a logical inference from that which is a proper ground for inference (i.e.which is logical) S.V,304; M.I,69 sq.=A.III,417; V,33.<br><br> <i>--uppatti</i> arising instantaneously (see ṭhānaso,above III,) VvA.37; J.VI,308 (°kāraṇavindana finding a means right on the spot); --ka (adj.) on the spot,momentary,spontaneous J.VI,304.(Page 289),5,1
  13179. 417264,en,15,thana,thana,Thana,Thana,[Vedic stana; cp.Gr.sthnion=sth_qos (Hesychius)] 1.the breast of a woman D.II,266; J.V,205; VI,483; Sdhp.360.-- 2.the udder of a cow M.I,343=Pug.56; DhA.II,67.<br><br> <i>--mukha</i> the nipple J.IV,37.<i>--sita-dāraka</i> [see sita] a child at the breast,a suckling Miln.364=408. <i>Thanaka</i>,a little breast,the breast of a girl Th.2,265 (=ThA.212).(Page 307),5,1
  13180. 417643,en,15,thandila,thaṇḍila,Thaṇḍila,Thaṇḍila,(nt.) [Vedic sthaṇḍila a levelled piece of ground prepared for a sacrifice.Cognate with sthala,level ground] bare,esp.hard,stony ground Pv IV.7<sup>5</sup> (=kharakaṭhāna bhūmippadesa PvA.265).<br><br> <i>--sāyikā</i> (f.) the act of lying on the bare ground (as a penance) [BSk.sthaṇḍila-śāyikā] S.IV,118; Dh.141 (=DhA.III,77:bhūmisayana); <i>--seyyā</i> (f.) a bed on bare ground D.I,167≈(v.l.BB.taṇḍila°) Miln.351; cp.Sk.sthaṇḍilaśayyā.(Page 307),8,1
  13181. 417680,en,15,thaneti,thaneti,Thaneti,Thaneti,[Vedic stanayati &#38; stanati to thunder; cp.Gr.stέnw,stenάzw to moan,groan,stonos; Lat.tono; Ags.stunian; Ger.stöhnen] to roar,to thunder D.II,262; S.I,100,154 (megho thanayaṁ),154 (thaneti devo); It.66 (megho thanayitvā).-- pp.thanita.See also gajjati &#38; thunati.(Page 308),7,1
  13182. 417694,en,15,thanin,thanin,Thanin,Thanin,(adj.) having breasts,--breasted; in <i>timbaru°</i> Sn.110; J.VI,457.-- <i>pucimanda°</i> J.VI,269.(Page 308),6,1
  13183. 417706,en,15,thanita,thanita,Thanita,Thanita,(nt.) [pp.of thaneti cp.Vedic (s)tanayitnu thunder=Lat.tonitrus,Ohg.donar,etc.] thundering,thunder J.I,470; Th.1,1108; Miln.377.(Page 308),7,1
  13184. 417723,en,15,thaniya,ṭhānīya,Ṭhānīya,Ṭhānīya,(adj.) [grd.of tiṭṭhati] standing,having a certain position,founded on or caused by (-°) Vin.II,194 (-nīca°); A.I,264 (chanda -- rāga -- dhamma°).See also under tiṭṭhati.(Page 290),7,1
  13185. 417734,en,15,thanna,thañña,Thañña,Thañña,(nt.) [see thana] mother’s milk Vin.II,255=289 (°ṁ pāyeti); A.IV,276; J.III,165; VI,3 (madhura°) Th.2,496.(Page 307),6,1
  13186. 417813,en,15,thapana,ṭhapana,Ṭhapana,Ṭhapana,(nt.) 1.setting up,placing,founding; establishment,arrangement,position Vin.V,114; J.I,99 (aggha° fixing prices); Miln.352 (pāda°); DA.I,294; (=vidhārite); PvA.5 (kulavaṁsa°).-- 2.letting alone,omission,suspension,in pāṭimokkha° Vin.II,241.(Page 289),7,1
  13187. 417820,en,15,thapana,ṭhapanā,Ṭhapanā,Ṭhapanā,(f.) 1.arrangement DA.I,294.-- 2.application of mind,attention Pug.18,Vism.278 (=appanā).(Page 289),7,1
  13188. 417943,en,15,thapati,thapati,Thapati,Thapati,[Vedic sthapati,to <em>sthā</em> +pati] 1.a builder,master carpenter M.I,396=S.IV,223; M.III,144,‹-› 2.officer,overseer S.V,348.(Page 308),7,1
  13189. 418038,en,15,thapeti,ṭhapeti,Ṭhapeti,Ṭhapeti,[Caus.of tiṭṭhati] to place,set up,fix,arrange,establish; appoint to (c.Loc.); to place aside,save,put by,leave out Vin.II,32 (pavāraṇaṁ),191 (ucce &#38; nīce ṭhāne to place high or low),276 (pavāraṇaṁ); V,193 (uposathaṁ),196 (give advice); D.I,120 (leaving out,discarding); Dh.40 (cittaṁ ṭh.make firm) J.I,62,138,223,293 (except); II,132 (puttaṭṭhāne ṭh.as daughter); J.II,159; VI,365 (putting by); VvA.63 (kasiṁ ṭhapetvā except ploughing); PvA.4,20 (varaṁ ṭhapetvā denying a wish),39,114 (setting up); Miln.13 (ṭhapetvā setting aside,leaving till later).-- inf.ṭhapetuṁ Vin.II,194; PvA.73 (saṁharitvā ṭh.to fold up:cp.ṭhapita); grd.ṭhapetabba J.II,352 (rājaṭṭhāne); PvA.97; &#38; ṭhapaniya (in pañha ṭh.a question to be left standing over,i.e.not to be asked) D.III,229.-- ger.<i>ṭhapetvā</i> (leaving out,setting aside,excepting) also used as prep.c.Acc.(before or after the noun):with the omission of,besides,except D.I,105 (ṭh.dve); J.I,179 (maṁ but for me),294 (tumhe ṭh.); II,154 (ekaṁ vaddhaṁ ṭh.); IV,142 (ṭh.maṁ); VvA.100 (ṭh.ekaṁ itthiṁ); PvA.93 (ṭh.maṁ).Cp.BSk.sthāpayitvā “except” AvŚ II.111.-- Caus.<i>ṭhapāpeti</i> to cause to be set up; to have erected,to put up J.I,266; DhA.II,191.(Page 289),7,1
  13190. 418082,en,15,thapita,ṭhapita,Ṭhapita,Ṭhapita,[pp.of ṭhapeti] 1.placed,put down; set up,arranged,often simply pleonastic for finite verb (=being):saṁharitvā ṭh.being folded up J.I,265 (cp.similar use of gahetvā c.ger.):mukkhe ṭh.J.VI,366; °saṅkāra (dustheap) PvA.82; pariccajane ṭh.appointed for the distribution of gifts PvA.124.-- 2.suspended,left over,set aside Vin.II,242 (pāṭimokkha).(Page 289),7,1
  13191. 418436,en,15,thara,thāra,Thāra,Thāra,see vi°,san°.(Page 308),5,1
  13192. 418441,en,15,tharana,tharaṇa,Tharaṇa,Tharaṇa,(nt.) [Sk.staraṇa to <em>stṛ</em>] strewing,spreading.In cpds.like assa°,bhumma°,ratha°,hattha°,etc.the reading ass-attharaṇa,etc.should be preferred (=ā‹-› stṛ).See attharaṇa and cpds.(Page 308),7,1
  13193. 418444,en,15,tharati,tharati,Tharati,Tharati,[Sk.stṛṇoti] only in cpds.ā°,ava°,etc.(Page 308),7,1
  13194. 418455,en,15,tharu,tharu,Tharu,Tharu,[Sk.tsaru] the hilt or handle of a sword or other weapons,a sword A.III,152; J.III,221 (=sword); Miln.178; DhA.II,249 (°mūla); IV,66 (asi°).-- tharusmiṁ sikkhati to learn the use of a sword Vin.II,10; Miln.66.<br><br> --ggaha one who carries a sword-(handle) Miln.331 (dhanuggaha+; not in corresponding list of occupations at D.I,51); --sippā training in swordsmanship Ud.31.(Page 308),5,1
  13195. 418473,en,15,thasotu°,thāsotu°,Thāsotu°,Thāsotu°,in thāsotujana savana at ThA.61 according t Morris,J.P.T.S.1884,81 it is to be read ṭhānaso tu jana°.(Page 309),8,1
  13196. 418517,en,15,thava,thava,Thava,Thava,[see thavati] praise,praising,eulogy Nett 161,188,192.(Page 308),5,1
  13197. 418538,en,15,thavara,thāvara,Thāvara,Thāvara,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [from thavira=thera,old] old age PvA.149 (thāvari-jiṇṇa in expl.of therī,otherwise jarā-jiṇṇa.Should we read thāvira-jiṇṇa?).(Page 309),7,1
  13198. 418539,en,15,thavara,thāvara,Thāvara,Thāvara,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Vedic sthāvara,from <em>sthā</em>,cp.sthavira,Gr.staurόs post,Lat.re-stauro,Goth.stana judgment &#38; stojan to judge] “standing still,” immovable (opp.to tasa) firm,strong (Ep.of an Arahant:KhA 245) DhA.IV,176.Always in connection with <i>tasa</i>,contrasting or comprising the movable creation (animal world) &#38; the immovable (vegetable world),e.g.Sn.394 (“sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṁ ye thāvarā ye ca tasanti loke”); It.32 (tasaṁ vā thāvaraṁ vā).See tasa for ref.(Page 308),7,1
  13199. 418586,en,15,thavareyya,thāvareyya,Thāvareyya,Thāvareyya,(nt.) [from thāvara<sup>2</sup>] the rank of a Thera.A.I,38; II,23.This has nothing to do with seniority.It is quite clear from the context that Thera is to be taken here in the secondary sense explained under Thera.He was a bhikkhu so eminently useful to the community that his fellow bhikkhus called him Thera.(Page 309),10,1
  13200. 418594,en,15,thavariya,thāvariya,Thāvariya,Thāvariya,(nt.) [fr.thāvara] immobility,firmness,security,solidity,an undisturbed state; always in <i>janapada°</i> an appeased country,as one of the blessings of the reign of a Cakkavattin.Expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,250 as “janapadesu dhuvabhāvaṁ thāvarabhāvaṁ vā patto na sakkā kenaci cāletuṁ.” D.I,88; II,16,146,169; S.I,100; Sn.p.106; It.15.(Page 309),9,1
  13201. 418615,en,15,thavati,thavati,Thavati,Thavati,[Sk.stauti,Av.staviti,cp.Gr.steu_tai] to praise,extol; inf.thutuṁ Sn.217 (=thometuṁ SnA 272).‹-› Caus.thaveti [Sk.stavayati] pp.thavita Miln.361.See thuta,thuti,thoma,thometi.(Page 308),7,1
  13202. 418629,en,15,thavika,thavikā,Thavikā,Thavikā,(f.) [derivation uncertain] a knapsack,bag,purse; esp.used for the carrying of the bhikkhu’s strainer Vin.I,209 (parissāvanāni pi thavikāyo pl pūretvā),224 (patte+pariss°+th.); J.I,55 (pattaṁ thavikāya pakkhipitvā); VI,67 (pattaṁ thavikāya osāretvā); VvA.40 (patta-thavikato parissāvanaṁ nīharitvā).Also for carrying money:sahassathavikā a purse of 1,000 pieces J.I,54,195,506; VvA.33; Anvs 35.See also Vin.II,152,217; Vism.91. Thāma ( &#38; thāmo nt.in Instr.thāmasā M.I,498; S.II,278= Th.1,1165; III,110,see below) [Vedic sthāman &#38; sthāmas nt.,<em>sthā</em> cp.Gr.stήmwn,Lat.stamen (standing structure); Goth.stoma foundation] “standing power,” power of resistance,steadfastness,strength,firmness,vigour,Instr.thāmena (Miln.4; PvA.193); thāmasā (see above); thāmunā (J.VI,22).Often comb<sup>d</sup> with bala J.I,63; Sn.68; with bala+java PvA.4; with bala+ viriya Nd<sup>2</sup> 289,651; with java J.I,62; VvA.104; with viriya J.I,67.-- D.III,113; S.I,78; II,28; V,227; A.I,50; II,187 sq.; IV,192.J.I,8,265 (°sampanna); II,158 (id.); Dhs.13,22; Vism.233 (°mahatta); DhA.IV,18; PvA.259.-- Instr.used as adv.:thāmena hard,very much PvA.193; thāmasā obstinately,perseveringly M.I,257.<br><br> --gatadiṭṭhika (adj.) one in whom heresy has become strong J.I,83=VI,220.(Page 308),7,1
  13203. 418668,en,15,thayika,ṭhāyika,Ṭhāyika,Ṭhāyika,(adj.) at Miln.201 “one who gains his living or subsists on” (Instr.) is doubtful reading.(Page 290),7,1
  13204. 418671,en,15,thayin,ṭhāyin,Ṭhāyin,Ṭhāyin,(adj.-n.) [from tiṭṭhati] standing,being in,being in a state of (-°),staying with,dependent on (with Gen.):pariyuṭṭhaṭṭhāyin “being in a state of one to whom it has arisen,” i.e.one who has got the idea of ...or one who imagines S.III,3 sq.; arūpa-ṭṭhāyin It.62; Yamassa ṭhāyino being under the rule of Yama Pv.I,11<sup>9</sup>.(Page 290),6,1
  13205. 418687,en,15,thena,thena,Thena,Thena,[Vedic stena &#38; stāyu,besides which tāyu,the latter prob.original,cp.Gr.tu_tάw to deprive; Oir.tāid thief,to a root meaning “conceal”] a thief adj.stealing:athenena not stealing,not stealthily,openly D.I,4; DA.I,72.f.athenī A.III,38.Cp.kumbhatthena Vin.II,256 (see k.).(Page 310),5,1
  13206. 418697,en,15,thenaka,thenaka,Thenaka,Thenaka,[=prec.] a thief J.VI,115.(Page 310),7,1
  13207. 418723,en,15,theneti,theneti,Theneti,Theneti,[denom.fr.thena] to steal,to conceal J.IV,114; DhA.I,80.(Page 310),7,1
  13208. 418757,en,15,thera,thera,Thera,Thera,[Vedic sthavira.Derivation uncertain.It may come from <em>sthā</em> in sense of standing over,lasting (one year or more),cp.thāvara old age,then “old=venerable”; (in meaning to be compared w.Lat.senior,etc.from num.<i>sem</i> “one”=one year old,i.e.lasting over one and many more years).Cp.also vetus=Gr.e]/tos,year,E.wether,one year old ram,as cpd.w.veteran,old man.Or it may come from <em>sthā</em> in der.*stheǔā in sthūra (sthūla:see etym.under thūla) thus,“strong= venerable”] t.t.only used with ref.to the bhikkhus of Gotama Buddha’s community.-- (a) (adj.) senior,Vin.I,47,290 (th.bhikkhū opp.navā bh.),159 (th.bhikkhu a senior bh.opp.to navaka bh.a novice),187; II,16,212.Therânutherā bhikkhū seniors &#38; those next to them in age dating not from birth,but from admission to the Order).Three grades are distinguished,thera bh.,majjhima bh.,nava bh.,at D.I,78.-- See also A.II,23,147,168; V,201,348; D.III,123 sq.,218; Dh.260,261.In Saṅgha-thera,used of Bhikkhus not senior in the Order,the word thera means distinguished.Vin.II,212,303.In Mahāthera the meaning,as applied to the 80 bhikkhus so called,must also have some similar meaning Dīpv IV.5 Psalms of the Brethren xxxvi.; J.V,456.At A.II,22 it is said that a bhikkhu,however junior,may be called thera on account of his wisdom.It is added that four characteristics make a man a thera --high character,knowing the essential doctrines by heart,practising the four Jhānas,and being conscious of having attained freedom through the destruction of the mental intoxications.It is already clear that at a very early date,before the Aṅguttara reached its extant shape,a secondary meaning of thera was tending to supplant that of senior-that is,not the senior of the whole Order,but the senior of such a part of the Saṅgha as live in the same locality,or are carrying out the same function.-- Note.thera in thero vassiko at S.IV,161 is to be read tero-vassiko.<br><br> <i>--gāthā</i> hymns of senior bhikkhus,N.of a canonical book,incorporated in the Khuddaka-Nikāya.Theratara,very senior,opp<sup>d</sup> to navatara,novice D.II,154.<i>--vāda</i> the doctrine of the Theras,the original Buddhist doctrine M.I,164; Dpvs.IV,6,13.(Page 310),5,1
  13209. 418812,en,15,theraka,theraka,Theraka,Theraka,(adj.) strong (?),of clothes:therakāni vatthāni D.II,354 (vv.ll.thevakāni,dhorakāni,corakāni).(Page 310),7,1
  13210. 418972,en,15,theri,therī,Therī,Therī, &#38; Therikā (f.) [see thera] 1.an old woman (cp.sthavirikā M Vastu III,283) Pv.II,11<sup>6</sup> (=thāvarijiṇṇā PvA.149).-- 2.a female thera (see cpds.),as therikā at Th.2,1; Dpvs xviii.11.<br><br> <i>--gāthā</i> hymns of the therīs,following on the Theragāthā (q.v.).(Page 310),5,1
  13211. 419031,en,15,theta,theta,Theta,Theta,(adj.) [Sk.from tiṭṭhita,Müller P.Gr.7=sthātṛ] firm,reliable,trustworthy,true D.I,4 (DA.I,73:theto ti thiro; ṭhita-katho ti attho); M.I,179; S.IV,384; A.II,209=Pug.57; Nd<sup>2</sup> 623.-- Abl.<i>thetato</i> in truth S.III,112.-- <i>attheta</i> J.IV,57 (=athira).(Page 310),5,1
  13212. 419045,en,15,theva,theva,Theva,Theva,(m.?) [see etym.under thīna,with which cp.in meaning from same root Gr.stoibή &#38; Lat.stīria,both= drop.Cp.also thika.Not with Trenckner (Notes p.70) fr.<em>stip</em>] a drop; stagnant water.In Vin.only in phrase:cīvaraṁ ...na acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṁ Vin.I,50,53=II.227,230; J.VI,530 (madhu-ttheva a drop of honey).(Page 310),5,1
  13213. 419056,en,15,thevati,thevati,Thevati,Thevati,[fr.theva; orig.“to be congealed or thick”] to shine,glitter,shimmer (like a drop) J.VI,529 (=virocati p.530).(Page 310),7,1
  13214. 419069,en,15,theyya,theyya,Theyya,Theyya,(nt.) [Vedic steya] theft Vin.I,96; A.I,129; Sn.119 (theyyā adinnaṁ ādiyati); 242,967 (°ṁ na kareyya); Vv 15<sup>8</sup> (:theyyaṁ vuccati thenabhāvo VvA.72); Miln.264,265; Vism.43 (°paribhoga); DA.I,71; Sdhp.55,61.<br><br> <i>--citta</i> intending to steal Vin.III,58; <i>--saṁvāsaka</i> one who lives clandestinely with the bhikkhus (always foll.by titthiyapakkantaka) Vin.I,86,135,168,320; V,222; Miln.310; <i>--saṅkhātaṁ</i> (adv.) by means of theft,stealthily D.III,65 sq.,133; A.III,209; IV,370 sq.; V,264.(Page 310),6,1
  13215. 419176,en,15,thi,thī,Thī,Thī,(f.) [Vedic strī,on which see Walde,Lat.Wtb.under sero.This form thī is the normal correspondent to Vedic strī; the other,more usual ( &#38; dial.) form is itthi] a woman J.I,295,300; V,296 (thī-pura),397; VI,238.(Page 309),3,1
  13216. 419189,en,15,thika,thika,Thika,Thika,(adj.) [cp.Sk.styāyate to congeal,form a (solid) mass; see cognates under thīna &#38; cp.theva] dropping,forming drops:madhutthika J.III,493; VI,529 (=madhuṁ paggharantiyo madhutthevasadisā p.530) “dropping honey.” (Page 309),5,1
  13217. 419206,en,15,thina,thīna,Thīna,Thīna,(nt.) [Sk.styāna; orig.pp.of styāyate to become hard,to congeal; <i>steịā</i> (cp.also thira)=Gr.stέas grease,tale; Lat.stīpo to compress; also Sk.stimita (motionless)=P.timi; stīma (slow),Mhg.stīm; Goth.etc.stains=E.stone; Gr.stίfos (heap); Lat.stīpes (pale); Ohg.stīf=E.stiff] stiffness,obduracy,stolidity,indifference (cp.thaddha &#38; tandī,closely related in meaning).Together with <i>middha</i> it is one of the 5 hindrances (nīvaraṇāni) to Arahantship (see below).Def.as cittassa akammaññatā,unwieldiness or impliability of mind (=immobility) at Nd<sup>2</sup> 290=Dhs.1156,1236=Nett 86; as citta-gelaññaṁ morbid state of mind (“psychosis”) at DA.I,211.-- Sn.942 (niddaṁ tandiṁ sahe thīnaṁ pamādena na saṁvase),1106; Vbh.352 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 290 as expl<sup>n</sup> of līnatta); Vism.262 (°sineha,where p.361 reads patthinna°).<br><br> <i>--middha</i> sloth &#38; drowsiness,stolidity &#38; torpor; two of the 5 nīvaraṇāni (Dhs.trsl.pp.120,310) Vin.II,200 (vigata°); D.I,71,246; III,49,234,269,278; S.I,99; III,106; V,277 sq.; A.III,69 sq.; 421; Sn.437 (pañcamī senā Mārassa); It.27,120; Ps.I.31,45,162; II,12,169,179,228; Pug.68; Dhs.1154,1486; Vism.469; Sdhp.459.(Page 309),5,1
  13218. 419317,en,15,thinna,thiṇṇa,Thiṇṇa,Thiṇṇa,pp.of tharati,only in cpds.parivi°,vi°.(Page 309),6,1
  13219. 419329,en,15,thira,thira,Thira,Thira,(adj.) [Vedic sthira,hard,solid; from <em>sthā</em> or Idg.ster (der.of <em>stā</em>) to stand out=to be stiff; cp.Gr.stereόs; Lat.sterilis (sterile=hardened,cp.Sk.starī); Ohg.storrēn,Nhg.starr &#38; starren,E.stare; also Lat.strenuus] solid,hard,firm; strenuous,powerful J.I,220; IV,106 (=daḷha); Miln.194 (thir-âthira-bhāva strength or weakness); VvA.212 (id.),35 (=thāmavant); Sdhp.321.(Page 309),5,1
  13220. 419489,en,15,thirata,thiratā,Thiratā,Thiratā,(f.) [fr.thira] steadfastness,stability DhA.IV,176 (thiratāya thavarā; so read for ṭhira°).(Page 309),7,1
  13221. 419539,en,15,thita,ṭhita,Ṭhita,Ṭhita,[pp.of tiṭṭhati=Gr.statόs,Lat.status,Celt.fossad (firm)] standing,i.e.(see ṭhāna I) either upright (opp.nisinna,etc.),or immovable,or being,behaving in general.In the latter function often (with ger.) pleonastic for finite verb (cp.ṭhapita); -- resting in,abiding in (-° or with Loc.); of time:lasting,enduring; fig.steadfast,firm,controlled:amissīkatam ev’assa cittaṁ hoti,ṭhitaṁ ānejjappattaṁ A.III,377=IV.404; tassa ṭhito va kāyo hoti thitaṁ cittaṁ (firm,unshaken) S.V,74=Nd<sup>2</sup> 475 B<sup>2</sup>; -- D.I,135 (khema°); A.I,152; Sn.250 (dhamme); It.116 sq.(ṭh.caranto nisinna sayāna); J.I,167; 279; III,53.-- with ger.:<i>nahātvā</i> ṭh. &#38; nivāsetvā ṭh.(after bathing &#38; dressing) J.I,265; dārakaṁ gahetvā th.J.VI,336.Cp.saṇ°.<br><br> <i>--atta</i> self-controlled,composed,steadfast D.I,57 (+gatatta yatatta; expl.at DA.I,168 by suppatiṭṭhitacitto); S.I,48; III,46; A.II,5; IV,93,428; Sn.370 (+parinibbuta),359 (id.expl.at SnA 359 by lokadhammehi akampaneyya-citta); Pug.62; <i>--kappin</i> (adj.) (for kappa-*ṭhitin) standing or waiting a whole kappa Pug.13 (expl.at Pug.A 187 by ṭhitakappo assa atthī ti; kappaṁ ṭhapetuṁ samattho ti attho); <i>--citta</i> (adj.) of controlled heart (=°atta) D.II,157≈; <i>--dhamma</i> (adj.) everlasting,eternal (of mahāsamudda,the great ocean) Vin.II,237= A.IV,198.(Page 290),5,1
  13222. 419645,en,15,thitaka,ṭhitaka,Ṭhitaka,Ṭhitaka,(adj.)=ṭhita in meaning of standing,standing up,erect Vin.II,165; D.II,17=III,143; M.II,65; J.I,53,62; VvA.64.(Page 290),7,1
  13223. 419856,en,15,thitata,ṭhitatā,Ṭhitatā,Ṭhitatā,(f.) the fact of standing or being founded on (-°) S.II,25=A.I,286 (dhamma°+dhamma-niyāmatā).(Page 290),7,1
  13224. 419875,en,15,thitatta,ṭhitatta,Ṭhitatta,Ṭhitatta,(nt.) standing,being placed; being appointed to,appointment J.I,124.(Page 290),8,1
  13225. 419938,en,15,thiti,ṭhiti,Ṭhiti,Ṭhiti,(f.) [from tiṭṭhati Sk.sthiti,Gr.staζis,Lat.statio (cp.stationary),Ohg.stat,Ags.stede] state (as opposed to becoming),stability,steadfastness; duration,continuance,immobility; persistence,keeping up (of:c.Gen.); condition of (-°) relation S.II,11; III,31; IV,14,104,228 sq.,A.V,96; Vism.32 (kāyassa); in jhāna:S.III,264,269 sq.,saddhammassa (prolongation of) S.II,225; <I>A.I</I>,<i>59; II</i>,<i>148; III</i>,<i>177 (always with asammosa</i> &#38; anantaradhāna),cp.M.II,26 sq.; --dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇa (state or condition of) S.II,124; Ps.I,50 sq.-- n’atthi dhuvaṁ ṭhiti:the duration is not for long M.II,64 =Dh.147=Th.1,769=VvA.77,cp.Th.2,343 (=ThA.241); Sn.1114 (viññāṇa°) PvA.198 (position,constellation),199 (jīvita° as remainder of life,cp.ṭhitakappin); Dhs.11≈(cittassa),19≈(+āyu=subsistence).<br><br> <i>--bhāgiya</i> connected with duration,enduring,lasting,permanent (only appl.to samādhi) D.III,277; A.III,427; Nett 77; cp.samādhissa ṭhitikusala “one who is accomplished in lasting concentration” A.III,311,427; IV,34.(Page 290),5,1
  13226. 419968,en,15,thitika,ṭhiṭika,Ṭhiṭika,Ṭhiṭika,(adj.) [Der.fr.ṭhiti] standing,lasting,enduring; existing,living on (-°),e.g.āhāra° dependent on food Kh III,(see āhāra); nt.adv.ṭhitikaṁ constantly VvA.75.(Page 290),7,1
  13227. 420071,en,15,thiyana,thīyanā,Thīyanā,Thīyanā,(f.) &#38; <i>thīyitatta</i> (nt.) [abstr.formations from thīna]=thīna,in exegesis at Nd<sup>2</sup> 290≈(see thīna); Vbh.352.(Page 309),7,1
  13228. 420077,en,15,thiyati,ṭhīyati,Ṭhīyati,Ṭhīyati,see patiṭṭhīyati.(Page 290),7,1
  13229. 420083,en,15,thiyati,thīyati,Thīyati,Thīyati,see patiṭṭhīyati.(Page 309),7,1
  13230. 420104,en,15,thoka,thoka,Thoka,Thoka,(adj.) [for etymology see under thīna] little,small,short,insignificant; nt.a trifle.A.IV,10; J.VI,366; PvA.12 (kāla):nt.<i>thokaṁ</i> as adv.=a little J.I,220; II,103,159; V,198; PvA.13,38,43.-- <i>thokaṁ thokaṁ</i> a little each time,gradually,little by little Dh.121,239; Miln.9; SnA 18; PvA.168.(Page 310),5,1
  13231. 420114,en,15,thokaka,thokaka,Thokaka,Thokaka,(adj.)=thoka; fem.thokikā Dh.310.(Page 310),7,1
  13232. 420142,en,15,thoma,thoma,Thoma,Thoma,[Vedic stoma a hymn of praise] praise.(Page 310),5,1
  13233. 420152,en,15,thomana,thomana,Thomana,Thomana,(nt.) &#38; <i>thomanā</i> (f.) [see thavati] praising,praise,laudation J.I,220 (=pasaṁsa); Pug.53; PvA.27.(Page 310),7,1
  13234. 420227,en,15,thometi,thometi,Thometi,Thometi,[denom.fr.thoma; cp.thavati] to praise,extol,celebrate (often with vaṇṇeti) D.I,240; Sn.679,1046; Nd<sup>2</sup> 291; J.VI,337; SnA 272 (=thutuṁ); VvA.102; PvA.196.-- pp.<i>thomita</i> J.I,9.(Page 310),7,1
  13235. 420279,en,15,thula,thūla,Thūla,Thūla,(a) &#38; <i>Thulla</i> (b) (the latter usual in cpds.) (adj.) [Vedic sthūla (or sthūra); cp.Lith.storas (thick); Lat.taurus,Goth.stiur,Ags.steor (bull=strong,bulky); Ohg.stūri (strong).From <em>sthā</em>:see thīna,cp.thūṇā.To ūl:ull cp.cūḷa:culla] compact,massive; coarse,gross; big,strong,clumsy; common,low,unrefined, rough D.I,223; Sn.146 (aṇuka°),633 (id.); Dh.31,265,409; J.I,196 (b); Dhs.617; KhA 246; PvA.73,74 (of a cloak); VvA.103; Sdhp.101,346.-- thullāni gajjati to speak rough words J.I,226 (=pharusavacanāni vadati).<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> (adj.) heavy-limbed J.I,420; <i>--accaya</i> a grave offence Vin.I,133,167,216; II,110,170 etc.; Vism.22.<i>--kacchā</i> thick scurf Vin.I,202; <i>--kumārī</i> (Vin.V.129) &#38; <i>kumārikā</i> a stout,fat girl J.III,147; IV,220 (Com.pañcakāmaguṇika-rāgena thūlatāya thullak° ti vuccati); Vism.17.<i>--phusitaka</i> (deva) (the rain-god,probably with reference to the big drops of the rain cp.DA.I,45) S.III,141; V,396; A.I,243; II,140 (a); V,114 sq.; DhA.III,243; <i>--vajja</i> a grave sin Vin.II,87 (a); M.II,250; <i>--vattha</i> a coarse garment J.V,383; <i>--sarīra</i> (adj.) fat,corpulent J.I,420; IV,220 (opp.kisa thin); <i>--sāṭaka</i> coarse cloth DhA.I,393 (a).(Page 309),5,1
  13236. 420417,en,15,thulata,thūlatā,Thūlatā,Thūlatā,(f.) [abstr.to thūla] coarseness,roughness,vileness J.IV,220.(Page 310),7,1
  13237. 420463,en,15,thulla,thulla,Thulla,Thulla,see <i>thūla</i>.(Page 309),6,1
  13238. 420594,en,15,thuna,thūṇā,Thūṇā,Thūṇā,(f.) [Vedic sthūṇā from <em>sthā</em>,standing fast,as in thambha,thīna,etc.Nearest relation is thāvara (=thūrā,on r:ṇ=l (thūla):n see tūṇī).Cp.Gr.staurόs (post); Lat.restauro (to prop up again); Gr.stu_los pillar,“style”; Goth.stojan etc.(see thāvara); Ags.styran=E.steer,Ger.steuer] a pillar,prop,support A.II,198; Vv 54<sup>1</sup> (=thambha VvA.245); DA.I,124.Esp.the sacrificial post in phrase thūṇûpanīta “lead to sacrifice” (yūpa-saṅkhātuṁ thūṇaṁ upa° DA.I,294):D.I,127≈S.I,76≈DhA.II,7; J.III,45.<i>kumbhathūṇā</i> a sort of drum D.I,6 etc.(see kumbha,where also kumbha <i>--thūṇika</i> Vin.IV,285).-- <i>eka-thūṇaka</i> with one support J.IV,79.(Page 309),5,1
  13239. 420618,en,15,thunati,thunati,Thunati,Thunati,[see thaneti] 1.to moan,groan,roar S.V,148 (thunaṁ ppr.; v.l.thanaṁ); Vv 52<sup>1</sup> (of beings in Niraya,otherwise ghosenti),v.l.SS thananti (better?).‹-› 2.to proclaim; shout,praise (confused with thavati) Sn.884.(Page 309),7,1
  13240. 420637,en,15,thunira,thūṇira,Thūṇira,Thūṇira,[der.fr.thūṇā] house-top,gable Th.1,184 (=kanṇikā Com.).(Page 309),7,1
  13241. 420657,en,15,thupa,thūpa,Thūpa,Thūpa,[Vedic stūpa,crown of the head,top,gable; cp.Gr.stu/pos (handle,stalk).Oicel.stūfr (stump),to <i>*steud</i> as in tudati] a stupa or tope,a bell-shaped pile of earth,a mound,tumulus,cairn; dome,esp.a monument erected over the ashes of an Arahant (otherwise called dhātugabbha=dāgaba),or on spots consecrated as scenes of his acts.In general as tomb:Vin.IV,308; J.III,156 (mattika°)=Pv.I,8<sup>4</sup>; in special as tope:D.II,142,161,164 sq.; A.I,77; M.II,244; J.V,39 (rajata°); VvA.156 (Kassapassa bhagavato dvādasayojanikaṁ kanaka°); Ud.8; Pv III,10<sup>5</sup>.Four people are <i>thūpârahā</i>,worthy of a tope,viz.a Tathāgata,a Tathāgatasāvaka,a Paccekabuddha,a Cakkavattin D.II,143= A.II,245.-- At Dpvs VI,65 th.is to be corrected into dhūpaṁ.(Page 309),5,1
  13242. 420774,en,15,thupika,thūpika,Thūpika,Thūpika,(adj.) [from thūpa.The <i>ika</i> applies to the whole compound] having domed roofs (“house-tops”) J.VI,116 (of a Vimāna=dvādasayojanika maṇimayakañcanathūpika; cp.p.117:pañcaṭhūpaṁ vimānaṁ,expl<sup>d</sup> as pañcahi kūṭāgārehi samannāgataṁ).(Page 309),7,1
  13243. 420795,en,15,thupikata,thūpikata,Thūpikata,Thūpikata,(adj.) [<i>thūpa+kata</i>] “made a heap,” heaped of an alms-bowl:so full that its contents bulge out over the top Vin.IV,191.(Page 309),9,1
  13244. 420816,en,15,thusa,thusa,Thusa,Thusa,(nt.) [Vedic tuṣa (m.)] husk of grain,chaff A.I,242 (together w.other qualities of corn); J.IV,8; Vism.346.‹-› <i>athusa</i> D.III,199.<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> a fire of husks Nett 23; <i>--odaka</i> gruel (=sabbasambhārehi kataṁ sovīrakaṁ Pug.A 232) D.I,166= A.I,295=Pug.55; <i>--pacchi</i> a bird stuffed with chaff,a straw-bird J.I,242; <i>--piṇḍa</i> a lump of husks Vin.II,151; <i>--rāsi</i> a heap of h.DhA.I,309; <i>--homa</i> an oblation of h.D.I,9 (=DA.I,93; v.l.BB kana,for kaṇa; cp.kaṇahoma D.I,9).(Page 309),5,1
  13245. 420891,en,15,thuta,thuta,Thuta,Thuta,[cp.pp.of thavati] praised DhsA.198; J.IV,101 (sada°=sadā thuto niccapasattho); Miln.278 (vaṇṇita th.pasattha).(Page 309),5,1
  13246. 420906,en,15,thuti,thuti,Thuti,Thuti,(f.) [cp.thavati] praise J.IV,443 (thutiṁ karoti); VvA.158.(Page 309),5,1
  13247. 420969,en,15,ti°,ti°,Ti°,Ti°,[Vedic tris,Av.priś,Gr.triζ,Lat.ter (fr.ters›*tris,cp.testis›*tristo,trecenti›*tricenti),Icl.prisvar,Ohg.driror] base of numeral three in comp<sup>n</sup>; consisting of three,threefold; in numerical cpds.also= three (3 times).<br><br> <i>--kaṭuka</i> threefold spices (kaṭuka-bhaṇḍa) VvA.186; <i>--gāvuta</i> a distance of 3/4 of a league (i.e.about 2 miles),DhA.I,108 (less than yojana,more than usabha),131,396; II,43,61,64,69; III,202,269; VvA.227; B.on S.I,52 (sarīra); <i>--catu</i> three or four DhA.I,173; <i>--cīvara</i> (nt.) the 3 robes of a bhikkhu,consisting of:diguṇā saṅghāṭi,ekacciya uttarāsaṅga,ekacciya antaravāsaka Vin.I,289,296; II,302.ticīvarena avippavāsa Vin.I,109 sq.-- Vism.60,66; DhA.IV,23.<i>--tālamattaṁ</i> 3 palm-trees high DhA.II,62.<i>--daṇḍa</i> 1.a tripod as one of the requisites of a hermit to place the water-pot on (kuṇḍikā) J.I,8 (tidaṇḍakuṇḍikādike tāpasa-parikkhārā),9 (hanging from the kāja); II,317 (see tedaṇḍika).-- 2.part of a chariot A.IV,191 (v.l.daṇḍa only).<i>--diva</i> the 3 heavens (that is the Tāvatiṁsa heaven) D.II,167,272 (tidivûpapanna); S.I,96 (°ṁ ṭhānaṁ upeti),181 (ākaṅkha-māno °ṁ anuttaraṁ).<i>--pada</i> [cp.Vedic tripad or tripād,Gr.tri/pous,Lat.tripes:tripod] consisting of 3 feet or (in prosody) of 3 padas Sn.457 (w.ref.to metre Sāvittī); <i>--(p)pala</i> threefold Vism.339; <i>--pallattha</i> “turning in 3 ways,” i.e.skilled in all occupations (Kern,Toev.:zeer listig) J.I,163 (of miga; Com.expl.as lying on 3 sides of its lair); <i>--piṭaka</i> the 3 Piṭakas Vism.62,241; DhA.I,382; <i>--peṭaka</i>=tepiṭaka Miln.90; <i>tipeṭakin</i> at Vin.V,3; <i>--maṇḍala</i> (nt.) the 3 circles (viz.the navel &#38; the 2 knees) Vin.II,213 (<i>°ṁ paṭicchādento parimaṇḍalaṁ nivāsento</i>); cp.Vin.Texts I.155; <i>--yojana</i> a distance of 3 leagues,i.e.20 miles,or fig.a long dist.; Vism.392 (tiyojanika setacchatta); DhA.II,41 (°magga); VvA.75 (°mattake vihāraṁ agamāsi); PvA.216 (sā ca pokkharaṇī Vesaliyā °mattake hoti); °satika 300 cubits long J.II,3; <i>--loka</i> the 3 worlds (i.e.kāma,rūpa,arūpa-loka) Sdhp.29,276,491 (cp.tebhūmaka); <i>--vagga</i> consisting of 3 divisions or books DA.I,2 (Dīghāgamo vaggato t.hoti); <i>--(v)aṅgika</i> having 3 aṅgas (of jhāna) Dhs.161; <i>--vassika</i> for the 3 seasons (-gandha-sālibhattaṁ bhuñjantā) DhA.II,9; J.I,66 (id.); <i>--vidha</i> 3 fold,of sacrifice (yañña) D.I,128,134,143; of aggi (fire) J.I,4 &#38; Miln.97; Vism.147 (°kalyāṇatā).<i>--visākha</i> a three-forked frown on the forehead S.I,118; M.I,109; <i>--sandhi</i> consisting of 3 spaces J.VI,397 (tāya senāya Mithilā t.-parivāritā),expl<sup>d</sup> as an army made up of elephants,chariots,cavalry,and infantry,with a space between each two.(Page 301),3,1
  13248. 420970,en,15,ti,ti,Ti,Ti,(adv.) [cp.Sk.iti] the apostrophe form of iti,thus.See iti.(Page 301),2,1
  13249. 420999,en,15,tibba,tibba,Tibba,Tibba,(adj.) probably a contamination of two roots of different meaning; viz.<i>tij </i>&<i> tim</i> (of tamas) or=<i>stim</i> to be motionless,cp.styā under thīna] 1.sharp,keen,eager:tibbagārava very devout A.II,21; Nett 112 (cp.tīvraprasāda AvŚ I.130); t.-cchanda D.III,252,283.‹-› 2.dense,thick; confused,dark,dim:t.-rāga Dh.349 (=bahalarāga DhA.IV,68); A.II,149; tibbo vanasaṇḍo avijjāya adhivacanaṁ S.III,109; tibbasārāga (kāmesu) S.III,93=It.90; A.II,30; tibbo manussaloko (dark,dense) Miln.7; °andhakāra dense darkness Vism.500 sq.; °kilesu deep blemish (of character) Vism.87.(Page 303),5,1
  13250. 421201,en,15,tidasa,tidasa,Tidasa,Tidasa,(num.) [Vedic tridaśa] thirty (cp.tiṁsa),esp.the thirty deities (pl.) or belonging to them (adj.).It is the round figure for 33,and is used as equivalent to tāvatiṁsa.Nandanaṁ rammaṁ tidasānaṁ mahāvanaṁ Pv III,1<sup>19</sup>=Vv 18<sup>13</sup>; devā tidasā sahindakā Vv 30<sup>1</sup>; Sdhp.420.<br><br> --âdhipati the Lord of the 30 (viz.Sakka) Vv 47<sup>8</sup>; --inda ruler of the 30 Sdhp.411,478; --gaṇa the company of the 30 Sn.679 (Com.tettiṁsa); Vv 41<sup>6</sup>; <i>--gatin</i> going to the 30 (as one of the gatis) Vv 35<sup>12</sup> (=tidasabhavanaṁ gata Tāvatiṁsadevanikāyaṁ uppanna VvA.164); <i>--pura</i> the city of the 30,i.e.Heaven Miln.291; <i>--bhavana</i> the state of the 30,i.e.heavenly existence VvA.164 (=Tāvatiṁsabhavana).(Page 302),6,1
  13251. 421245,en,15,tidha,tidhā,Tidhā,Tidhā,(adv.) [ti+dhā] in three ways or parts,threefold Miln.282 (-pabhinna nāgarājā).(Page 303),5,1
  13252. 421359,en,15,tiham,tīhaṁ,Tīhaṁ,Tīhaṁ,(adv.) [tri+aha] a period of three days,for 3 days; usually as cpd.<i>dvīhatīhaṁ</i> 2 or 3 days (see dvīha) J.II,103,etc.(Page 304),5,1
  13253. 421438,en,15,tika,tika,Tika,Tika,(adj.-n.) [Vedic trika] consisting of 3,a triad S.II,218 (t.-bhojana); DhA.IV,89 (-nipāta,the book of the triads,a division of the Jātaka),108 (t.-catukka-jhāna the 3 &#38; the 4 jhānas); Miln.12 (tika-duka-paṭimaṇḍitā dhammasaṅganī); Vism.13 sq.; DhsA.39 (-duka triad &#38; pair).(Page 301),4,1
  13254. 421636,en,15,tikhina,tikhiṇa,Tikhiṇa,Tikhiṇa,(adj.) [Vedic tīkṣṇa of which t.is the diæretic form,whereas the contracted forms are tiṇha (q.v.) &#38; tikkha.Cp.also Sk.tikta pp.of <em>tij</em>,tejate.From <i>*steg</i> in Gr.sti/zw “stitch” &#38; stiktόs,Lat.instīgo,Ohg.stehhan,Ger.stecken,E.stick] pointed,sharp,pungent,acrid; fig.“sharp,” clever,cunning,acute (in this meaning only in contr.form tikkha) J.V,264; DhA.II,9; IV,13; PvA.152,221 (=tippa).(ati-) tikhinatā Miln.278.See also tippa &#38; tibba &#38; cp.tejo.(Page 301),7,1
  13255. 421792,en,15,tikiccha,tikicchā,Tikicchā,Tikicchā,(f.) [from last] the art of healing,practice of medicine D.I,10 (dāraka° infant healing); Sn.927 (°ṁ māmako na seveyya).-- See also tekiccha.(Page 301),8,1
  13256. 421807,en,15,tikicchaka,tikicchaka,Tikicchaka,Tikicchaka,[fr.tikicchati] a physician,a doctor A.V,219; J.I,4 (adj. &#38; vejja); IV,361; PvA.233.(Page 301),10,1
  13257. 421861,en,15,tikicchati,tikicchati,Tikicchati,Tikicchati,[also cikicchati=Sk.cikitsati.Desid.of <em>cit</em>,to aim at,think upon,in pregnant sense of endeavouring to heal] to treat medically,to cure Vin.I,276; S.I,222; Miln.172,272,302.Caus.tikicchāpeti J.I,4.(Page 301),10,1
  13258. 421893,en,15,tikkam,tikkaṁ,Tikkaṁ,Tikkaṁ,at J.V,291 in “yāva majjhantikā tikkam āgami yeva” is to be read as “yāva majjhantik’âtikkamm’‹-› âgami yeva.” (Page 301),6,1
  13259. 421901,en,15,tikkha,tikkha,Tikkha,Tikkha,(adj.) [=tikhiṇa] sharp,clever,acute,quick (only fig.of the mind),in tikkh-indriya (opp.mud-indriya) Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>3P</sup>=Ps.I,121=II.195; &#38; tikkha-paññatā A.I,45.(Page 301),6,1
  13260. 422002,en,15,tikkhattum,tikkhattuṁ,Tikkhattuṁ,Tikkhattuṁ,(adv.) [Sk.trikṛtvaḥ] three times (cp.tayo II.C 2),esp.in phrase vanditvā t.padakkhiṇaṁ katvā “having performed the reverent parting salutation 3 times” VvA.173,219; t.sāvesi he announced it 3 times J.II,352; DhA.II,4; t.paggaṇhāpesi offered 3 times PvA.74.See also J.IV,267; V,382; VI,71; DhA.II,5,42,65,338; IV,122 &#38; passim.(Page 301),10,1
  13261. 422087,en,15,tila,tila,Tila,Tila,(m.nt.) [Vedic tila m.] the sesame plant &#38; its seed (usually the latter,out of which oil is prepared:see tela),Sesamum Indicum.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>taṇḍula</i>,e.g.A.I,130=Pug.32; J.I,67; III,53.-- Vin.I,212 (navātilā); A.IV,108; Sn.p.126; J.I,392; II,352; Vism.489 (ucchu°); DhA.I,79; PvA.47 (tilāni pīḷetvā telavaṇijjaṁ karoti).<br><br> <i>--odana</i> rice with sesame J.III,425; <i>--kakka</i> sesame paste Vin.I,205; <i>--tela</i> ses.oil VvA.54 (°ṁ pātukāma); DhA.III,29; Bdhd 105; <i>--piññāka</i> tila seed-cake,oilcake VvA.142; <i>--piṭṭha</i> sesamum-grinding,crushed s.seed Vin.IV,341.<i>--muṭṭhi</i> a handful of ses.J.II,278; <i>--rāsi</i> a heap of t.seeds VvA.54; <i>--vāha</i> a cartload of t.seeds A.V,173=Sn.p.126; <i>--saṅgulikā</i> a ses.cake DhA.II,75.(Page 304),4,1
  13262. 422126,en,15,tilaka,tilaka,Tilaka,Tilaka,[tila+ka,from its resemblance to a sesame seed] 1.a spot,stain,mole,freckle M.I,88; S.I,170; VvA.253; DhA.IV,172 (°ṁ vā kālakaṁ vā adisvā).-- 2.a kind of tree Vv 6<sup>7</sup> (=bandhu-jīvaka-puppha-sadisa-pupphā ekā rukkha-jāti).(Page 304),6,1
  13263. 422216,en,15,tilanchaka,tilañchaka,Tilañchaka,Tilañchaka,at J.IV.364 Acc.to Kern (Toev.II.91) to be read as nilañchaka.(Page 304),10,1
  13264. 422368,en,15,timbaru,timbaru,Timbaru,Timbaru,a certain tree (Strychnos nux vomica or Diospyros) J.VI,336; <i>°tthanī</i> (f.) “with breasts like the t.fruit” Sn.110; J.VI,457 (SnA 172:taruṇadārikā); VvA.137 (t.-nādasadisa).(Page 303),7,1
  13265. 422385,en,15,timbarukkha,timbarukkha,Timbarukkha,Timbarukkha,=timbarūsaka J.VI,529.(Page 303),11,1
  13266. 422399,en,15,timbarusaka,timbarūsaka,Timbarūsaka,Timbarūsaka,=timbaru (Diospyros or Strychnos) Vin.III,59; Vv 33<sup>27</sup> (=tindukaphala VvA.147; tipusasadisā ekā vallijāti timbarūsakan ti ca vadanti); DhA.III,315.(Page 303),11,1
  13267. 422422,en,15,timi,timi,Timi,Timi,[Derivation unknown.Sk.timi] a large fish,a leviathan; a fabulous fish of enormous size.It occurs always in comb<sup>n</sup> w.<i>timiṅgala</i>,in formula timi timingala timitimingala,which should probably be reduced to one simple timitimingala (see next).(Page 303),4,1
  13268. 422438,en,15,timingala,timiṅgala,Timiṅgala,Timiṅgala,[timi+gila,<i>gl</i>,see note on gala] in comb<sup>n</sup> w.timi,<i>timitimiṅgala</i>.Sk.has timingila &#38; timingilagila:redupl.in 2nd syllable where P.has redupl.in 1st; fisheater,redupl.as intens.=greedy or monstrous fisheater,a fabulous fish of enormous size,the largest fish in existence Vin.II,238=A.IV,200=Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>3q</sup>; Ps.II,196; Miln.377.At Ud.54 sq. &#38; Miln.262 we find the reading timi timingala timirapingala,which is evidently faulty.A Sanskritized form of t.is timitimingala at Divy 502.See timiratipingala, &#38; cp.also the similar Sk.cilicima a sort of fish.(Page 303),9,1
  13269. 422453,en,15,timira,timira,Timira,Timira,(adj.) [Sk.timira fr.<em>tim</em><i>=</i><em>tam</em> (as in tamas),to which also belong tibba 2 &#38; tintiṇāti.This is to be distinguished from <i>tim</i> in temeti to (be or) make wet.See tama] dark; nt.darkness Vv 32<sup>3</sup> (t.-tamba); J.III,189 (t.-rukkha); vanatimira a flower J.IV,285; V,182.(Page 303),6,1
  13270. 422484,en,15,timiratipingala,timiratipiṅgala,Timiratipiṅgala,Timiratipiṅgala,(nt.) a great ocean fish,DhsA.13,v.timingala.(Page 303),15,1
  13271. 422504,en,15,timirayittata,timirāyittata,Timirāyittata,Timirāyittata,(nt.) [abstr.to timirāyita,pp.of timirayati to obscure,denom.to timira] gloom,darkness S.III,124 (=Māra).(Page 303),13,1
  13272. 422509,en,15,timisa,timisa,Timisa,Timisa,(nt.) [Vedic tamisrā=tamas] darkness J.III,433 (andhakāra-timissāya); Pug.30 (andh°-timisāya); Miln.283 (Page 303),6,1
  13273. 422522,en,15,timisika,timīsikā,Timīsikā,Timīsikā,(f.) [timisa+ka] darkness,a very dark night Vv 9<sup>6</sup>; J.IV,98.(Page 303),8,1
  13274. 422583,en,15,timsam,tiṁsaṁ,Tiṁsaṁ,Tiṁsaṁ,(tiṁsa°) [Vedic triṁśat,cp.Lat.trīginta,Oir.tricha] the number 30 D.I,81≈(tiṁsaṁ pi jātiyo); S.II,217 (t.-mattā bhikkhū); Dat.Instr.tiṁsāya A.V,305 (dhammehi samannāgato); Sn.p.87 (pi dadāmi) PvA.281 (vassasahassehi):t.-yojana-maggaṁ (āgato) DhA.II,76,79; III,172; PvA.154; °yojanika kantāra DhA.II,193 (cp.192); J.V,46 (magga); DhA.I,26 (vimāna); t.-vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṁ (of Konāgamana Buddha) D.II,3; t.-mattāni vassāni Miln.15; t.-vassasahassāni PvA.281=DhA.II,10.So of an immense crowd:tiṁsa bhikkhu-sahassāni D.II,6; tiṁsa-mattā sūkarā J.II,417; °sahassa-bhikkhū DhA.I,24.(Page 301),6,1
  13275. 422701,en,15,tina,tiṇa,Tiṇa,Tiṇa,(nt.) [Vedic tṛṇa,from <i>*ter</i> (cp.tarati) to pierce,orig.“point” (=blade); Goth.paúrnus,Ags.porn=E.thorn,Ger.dorn] grass,herb; weed; straw; thatch; hay,litter S.III,137 (tiṇa,kasā,kusa,babbaja,bīraṇa); satiṇakaṭṭhodaka full of grass,wood &#38; water (of an estate) D.I,87,111,etc.; sītaṁ vā uṇhaṁ vā rajo vā tiṇaṁ vā ussāvo vā (dust &#38; weeds) D.II,19; A.I,145; t.+paṇṇa (grass &#38; leaves<sup>1</sup>) A.I,183; VvA.5.-- J.I,108 (dabba°),295; III,53; Pv.I,8<sup>1</sup> (harita t.); IV,1<sup>48</sup>; Vism.353 (kuṇṭha°); DA.I,77 (alla° fresh grass); PvA.7 (weed),62 (grass),112; DhA.IV,121; Miln.47 (thatch),224 (id.).<br><br> <i>--aṇḍupaka</i> a roll of grass Vin.I,208=III,249; <i>--āgāra</i> a thatched cottage A.I,101 (+naḷāgāra); <i>--ukkā</i> a firebrand of dry grass or hay S.II,152; III,185; J.I,212,296; Vism.428; DhA.I,126; ThA.287; Bdhd 107; <i>--karala</i> a wisp of grass DhA.III,38; <i>--kājaka</i> a load of g.DhA.IV,121; <i>--gahana</i> a thicket of g.,a jungle A.I,153; <i>--cuṇṇa</i> crushed &#38; powdered (dry) grass or herbs Vin.I,203; VvA.100 (-rajânukiṇṇa); <i>--jāti</i> grass-creeper VvA.162; <i>--dāya</i> a grass-jungle S.II,152; <i>--dosa</i> damaged by weeds (khetta) Dh.356; PvA.7; <i>--pupphaka</i> (-roga) sickness caused by the flowering of grass,hay-fever Miln.216; <i>--purisaka</i> a straw-man,a scarecrow Miln.352; Vism.462; DhsA.111; <i>--bhakkha</i> eating grass; of animals M.III,167; of ascetics D.I,166; Pug.55; A.I,241,295; <i>--bhusa</i> chaff,litter,dry grass VvA.47; <i>--rukkha</i> a shrub; <i>--vatthāraka</i> one of the seven Adhikaraṇasamathas (ways in which litigation may be settled).In case mutual complaints of breach of the rules have been brought before a chapter,then the chapter may decline to go into the details and,with the consent of the litigants,declare all the charges settled.See Vin.Texts,III,30--34.This is the “covering over as if with grass” Vin.II,87 (in detail,cp.also tassapāpiyyasikā); D.III,254; A.I,99; M.II,250; <i>--santhāraka</i> a mat of grass Vin.I,286; II,113,116; J.I,360.(Page 302),4,1
  13276. 423078,en,15,tinava,tiṇava,Tiṇava,Tiṇava,a sort of drum A.II,117.(Page 302),6,1
  13277. 423129,en,15,tinduka,tiṇḍuka,Tiṇḍuka,Tiṇḍuka,see tinduka.(Page 302),7,1
  13278. 423137,en,15,tinduka,tinduka,Tinduka,Tinduka,[Sk.tinduka] the tree Diospyros embryopteris D.I,178 (v.l.tiṇḍ°; J.V,99; <i>tiṇḍukāni</i> food in a hermitage J.IV,434; VI,532.--tindukakandarā Npl.the T.cave Vin.II,76.-- See also timbaru &#38; timbarūsaka.(Page 303),7,1
  13279. 423193,en,15,tinha,tiṇha,Tiṇha,Tiṇha,[see tikhiṇa] sharp (of swords,axes,knives,etc.) D.I,56 (sattha); S.IV,160,167 (kuṭhārī); A.IV,171; Sn.667 (°dhāra),673 (asipattavana); J.I,253; Sdhp.381.(Page 302),5,1
  13280. 423235,en,15,tinna,tiṇṇa,Tiṇṇa,Tiṇṇa,[pp.of tarati] one who has reached the other shore (always fig.) gone through,overcome,one who has attained Nibbāna.Ogha° gone through the great flood S.I,3,142; Sn.178,823,1082,1101,1145; D.III,54; Sn.21 (+pāragata),359 (+parinibbuta),515,545 (tiṇṇo tāres’imaṁ pajaṁ); It.123 (tiṇṇo tārayataṁ varo); Dh.195 (-sokapariddava); Nd<sup>2</sup> 282.<br><br> <i>--kathaṅkatha</i> (adj.) having overcome doubt,free from doubt Sn.17,86,367; <i>--vicikiccha</i>=prec.Vin.I,16; D.I,110; II,224,229; Pug.68; DA.I,211.(Page 302),5,1
  13281. 423287,en,15,tinta,tinta,Tinta,Tinta,(adj.) [=timita from temeti] wet,moist Miln.286; DhA.II,40 (°mukha).(Page 303),5,1
  13282. 423301,en,15,tintaka,tintaka,Tintaka,Tintaka,at PvA.47 (°alābu) is to be read as <i>tittaka°</i>.(Page 303),7,1
  13283. 423347,en,15,tintina,tintiṇa,Tintiṇa,Tintiṇa,(nt.) greed,desire; (adj.) greedy.Ep.of a pāpabhikkhu A.V,149 (Com.tintiṇaṁ vuccati taṇhā,tāya samannāgato āsaṅkābahulo vā); Vbh.351 (tintiṇaṁ tintiṇāyanā,etc.=loluppaṁ).(Page 303),7,1
  13284. 423362,en,15,tintinati,tintiṇāti,Tintiṇāti,Tintiṇāti, &#38; Tintiṇāyati [either=Sk.timirayati to be obscured,from <i>tim</i> in timira,or from <i>stim</i> (Sk.*tistimāyati›*stistim° after tiṣṭhati›*stiṣṭhati;=P.titiṇāyati) to become stiff,cp.timi,thīna and in meaning mucchati.The root <em>tam</em> occurs in same meaning in cpd.nitammati (q.v.=Sk.nitāmyati) at J.IV,284,expl<sup>d</sup> by atikilamati] to become sick,to swoon,to (stiffen out in a) faint J.I,243 (tintiṇanto corresp.with mucchita); VI,347 (tintiṇāyamāna,v.l.tiṇāy°).(Page 303),9,1
  13285. 423563,en,15,tippa,tippa,Tippa,Tippa,(adj.) [a variant of tibba=Sk.tīvra,presumably from <i>tij</i> (cp.tikhiṇa),but by Bdhgh connected w.<i>tap</i> (tapati,burn):tippā ti bahalā tāpana-vasena vā tippā Com.to Aṅguttara (see M.I,526)] piercing,sharp,acute,fierce; always &#38; only with ref.to pains,esp.pains suffered in Niraya.In full comb<sup>ns</sup> sarīrikā vedanā dukkhā tippā kharā M.I,10; A.II,116,143,153; ekantadukkhā t.kaṭukā ved.M.I,74; bhayānaka ekantatippa Niraya Pv IV.1<sup>9</sup> (=tikhiṇadukkha° PvA.221); nerayikā sattā dukkhā t.kaṭukā ved° vediyamānā Miln.148.(Page 303),5,1
  13286. 423579,en,15,tipu,tipu,Tipu,Tipu,[cp.Sk.trapu,non-Aryan?] lead,tin Vin.I,190 (°maya); S.V,92; J.II,296; Miln.331 (°kāra a worker in lead,tinsmith); Vism.174 (°maṇḍala); DhA.IV,104 (°parikhā).(Page 303),4,1
  13287. 423668,en,15,tipusa,tipusa,Tipusa,Tipusa,(nt.) [Sk.trapusa] a species of cucumber J.V,37; VvA.147.(Page 303),6,1
  13288. 423697,en,15,tira,tīra,Tīra,Tīra,(nt.) [Vedic tiras from <i>*ter</i>,tarati; orig.the opposite bank,the farther side (of a river or ocean),cp.tittha] a shore,bank Vin.I,1; D.I,222,244; A.II,29,50; Dh.85; Sn.672; J.I,212,222,279; II,111,159; Dhs.597; Vbh.71 sq.; Vism.512 (orima°); PvA.142,152.-- tīra-dassin finding the shore S.III,164; A.III,368.-- a-tīra-dassanī (f.) not seeing the shore (nāvā a ship) J.V,75.(Page 304),4,1
  13289. 423704,en,15,tiraccha,tiraccha,Tiraccha,Tiraccha,(adv.) [Vedic tiryañc,obliquely,from <i>*ter</i> (tarati).Goth.pairh,Ohg.durh,E.through; cp.tiriyaṁ] across,obliquely; in <i>°bhūta</i> deviating,going wrong,swerving from the right direction DA.I,89 (see under tiracchāna-kathā).(Page 303),8,1
  13290. 423715,en,15,tiracchana,tiracchāna,Tiracchāna,Tiracchāna,[for °gata=Sk.tiraścīna (°gata)=tiraśca; “going horizontally,” i.e.not erect.Cp.tiraccha,tiriyaṁ,tiro] an animal It.92 (tiracchānaṁ ca yoniyo for tiracchāna-yoniyo); Vbh.339 (°gāminī paṭipadā leading to rebirth among beasts); VvA.23 (manussatiracchāna an animal-man,wild man,“werwolf”).<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> “animal talk”; wrong or childish talk in general Vin.I,188; D.I,7,178; III,54; Vism.127; expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,89 by anīyānikattā sagga-mokkha-maggānaṁ tiraccha-bhūtā kathā; <i>--gata</i> an animal,a beast Vin.IV,7; S.III,152=DA.I,23; (t.pāṇā) M.III,167 (t.pāṇā tiṇabhakkhā); Nd<sup>2</sup> on Sn.72 (t.-pāṇā); J.I,459 (=vanagocara); Vbh.412 sq.; <i>--yoni</i> the realm of the brute creation,the animals.Among the 5 gatis (niraya t.manussā devā pettivisaya) it counts as an apāyagati,a state of misery D.I,228; III,234; S.I,34; III,225 sq.; IV,168,307; A.I,60; II,127,129; Pv IV.11<sup>1</sup>; Vism.103,427; PvA.27,166; <i>--yonika (</i>&<i> yoniya</i> A.I,37) belonging to the realm of the animals S.V,356; <i>--vijjā</i> a low art,a pseudo-science Vin.II,139; D.I,9 sq.(Page 303),10,1
  13291. 423914,en,15,tirana,tīraṇa,Tīraṇa,Tīraṇa,[from tīreti 2] measurement,judgment,recognition,Nd<sup>2</sup> 413 (v.l.tir°); Nett 54 (+vipassanā),82 (≈ñāṇa),191; Vism.162.-- tīraṇa is one of the 3 pariññās,viz.t°,pahāna°,ñāta-pariññā.See under pariññā.(Page 304),6,1
  13292. 424001,en,15,tireti,tīreti,Tīreti,Tīreti,[Caus.of tarati] 1.to bring through,to finish,to execute (business),to accomplish:karaṇīyaṁ Miln.7,PvA.203; kiccaṁ PvA.278.-- 2.to measure,judge,recognize,always in formula tūleti tīreti vibhāveti (Nd<sup>2</sup> tul° tir°,etc.) as interpretation of jānāti; pp.tīrita (Nd<sup>2</sup> tirita) Ps.II,200; Nd<sup>2</sup> under ñāta &#38; No.413.(Page 304),6,1
  13293. 424032,en,15,tirita,tirīṭa,Tirīṭa,Tirīṭa,(nt.) the tree Symplocos racemosa,also a garment made of its bark Vin.I,306 (°ka); D.I,166=A.I,295; M.I,343; Pug.51.(Page 304),6,1
  13294. 424093,en,15,tirivaccha,tirivaccha,Tirivaccha,Tirivaccha,a certain tree J.V,46.(Page 304),10,1
  13295. 424104,en,15,tiriya,tiriyā,Tiriyā,Tiriyā,(f.) a kind of grass or creeper A.III,240,242 (tiriyā nāma tiṇajāti; Com.dabbatiṇa).(Page 304),6,1
  13296. 424106,en,15,tiriya,tīriya,Tīriya,Tīriya,(adj.) [from tīra] dwelling on the banks of ...Vin.II,287.(Page 304),6,1
  13297. 424121,en,15,tiriyam,tiriyaṁ,Tiriyaṁ,Tiriyaṁ,(adv.) [Vedic tiryañc (tiryak) to tiras,see tiro &#38; cp.perhaps Ger.quer=E.thwart,all to <i>*ter</i> in tarati] transversely,obliquely,horizontally (as opp.to uddhaṁ vertically,above, &#38; adho beneath),slanting,across.In comb<sup>n</sup> <i>uddhaṁ adho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi</i> “in all directions whatever” D.I,251=A.II,129; similarly uddhaṁ adho t.vâpi majjhe Sn.1055; with uddhaṁ &#38; adho D.I,23,153; Vism.176 (where expl<sup>d</sup>).-- A.II,48; Sn.150,537; J.I,96; It.120; DhA.I,40 (dvāra-majjhe t.across the doorway),47 (sideways); DA.I,312; KhA 248.<br><br> <i>--taraṇa</i> ferrying across,adj.°ā nāvā,a vessel crossing over,a traject Vin.IV,65.(Page 303),7,1
  13298. 424148,en,15,tiro,tiro,Tiro,Tiro,(prep. &#38; adv.) (always °-) [Vedic tiras across,crossways,from <i>*ter</i> of tarati=to go through; cp.Av.tarō,Lat.trans,Cymr.tra] across,beyond,over,outside,afar.See also tiraccha &#38; tiriyaṁ.<br><br> <i>--karaṇī</i> (f.) a curtain,a veil (lit.“drawing across”) Vin.I,276; II,152; <i>--kucchigata</i> having left the womb D.II,13; <i>--kuḍḍa</i> outside the fence or wall,over the wall Vin.IV,265 (°kuḍḍe uccāraṁ chaḍḍeti); D.I,78= A.III,280 (in phrase tirobhāvaṁ t.kuḍḍaṁ t.pākāraṁ t.-pabbataṁ asajjamāno gacchati to denote power of transplacement); Pv.I,5<sup>1</sup> (°kuḍḍesu tiṭṭhanti:the Tirokuḍḍa-Sutta,Khp VII.); Vism.176,394; DhA.I,104; PvA.23,31; <i>--gāma</i> a distant village Vin.III,135; <i>--chada</i> “outside the veil,” conspicuous J.VI,60; <i>--janapada</i> a distant or foreign country D.I,116; <i>--pākāra</i> beyond or over a fence (°pākāraṁ or °pākāre) Vin.IV,266; see also °kuḍḍa; <i>--bhāva</i> (ṁ) beyond existence,out of existence,magic power of going to a far away place or concealment Vism.393 sq.(=a-pākaṭa-pāṭihāriya),see also under °kuḍḍa.<i>--raṭṭha</i> a foreign kingdom D.I,161 (=pararaṭṭha DA.I,286).(Page 304),4,1
  13299. 424218,en,15,tirokkha,tirokkha,Tirokkha,Tirokkha,1.(adj.) one who is outside,or absent Vin.III,185.-- 2.(adv.) [=tiras+ka,cp.tiraskāra disdain,abuse] in <i>tirokkha-vāca</i> one who speaks abusively or with disregard J.V,78.(Page 304),8,1
  13300. 424346,en,15,tisata,tisata,Tisata,Tisata,(num.) [ti+sata] three hundred J.VI,427 (°mattā nāvā).See also under tayo.(Page 304),6,1
  13301. 424457,en,15,tithi,tithi,Tithi,Tithi,[Sk.tithi] a lunar day DhA.I,174; PvA.198.(Page 302),5,1
  13302. 424491,en,15,titikkha,titikkhā,Titikkhā,Titikkhā,(f.) [see last] endurance,forgiveness,longsuffering S.I,7; V,4; Dh.184; Nd<sup>2</sup> 203.(Page 302),8,1
  13303. 424532,en,15,titikkhati,titikkhati,Titikkhati,Titikkhati,[Sk.titikṣate,Desid.of <em>tij</em>,cp.tijo &#38; tikhiṇa to bear,endure,stand S.I,221; Sn.623; Dh.321=Nd<sup>2</sup> 475 B<sup>7</sup>; Dh.399 (titikkhissaṁ=sahissāmi DhA.IV,3); J.V,81,368.(Page 302),10,1
  13304. 424562,en,15,titta,titta,Titta,Titta,[pp.of tappati<sup>2</sup>] satisfied (with=Instr.) enjoying (c.Gen.),happy,contented A.I,87=Pug.26 (+tappetar); Miln.249; VvA.86 (=pīṇita); PvA.46 (dibbâhārassa),59 (=suhita),109 (=pīṇita).--<i>atitta</i> dissatisfied,insatiate J.I,440; III,275; Dh.48 (kāmesu).(Page 302),5,1
  13305. 424588,en,15,tittaka,tittaka,Tittaka,Tittaka,(adj.) [cp.Sk.tiktaka from <i>tij</i>] sharp,bitter (of taste) M.I,80 (°alābu),315 (id.); PvA.47 (id.; so read for tintaka lābu) Dhs.629=Nd<sup>2</sup> 540 (tittika; enum<sup>d</sup> between lavaṇa &#38; kaṭuka); DhsA.320.(Page 302),7,1
  13306. 424616,en,15,tittakatta,tittakatta,Tittakatta,Tittakatta,(nt.) [abstr.to tittaka] bitterness,enum<sup>d</sup> with lavaṇattaṁ &#38; kaṭukattaṁ at Miln.56=63 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 540).(Page 302),10,1
  13307. 424633,en,15,tittha,tiṭṭha,Tiṭṭha,Tiṭṭha,(adj.) [pp.of tasati<sup>1</sup>] dry,hard,rough J.VI,212 (°sela hard rock).(Page 301),6,1
  13308. 424642,en,15,tittha,tittha,Tittha,Tittha,(nt.) [Vedic tīrtha,from *ter,tarate,to pass through,orig.passage (through a river),ford] 1.a fording place,landing place,which made a convenient bathing place D.II,89=Vin.I,230 (Gotama° the G.ford); J.I,339,340 (titthāraṇa); II,111; III,228 (°nāvika ferryman); 230 (nāvā° a ferry); IV,379; Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup>; III,6<sup>4</sup>; IV,12<sup>2</sup> (su°); Dāvs.V.59 (harbour).Titthaṁ jānāti to know a “fording place,” i.e.a means or a person to help over a difficulty or doubt M.I,223=A.V,349 (neg.) 2.a sect (always with bad connotation.Promising to lead its votaries over into salvation,it only leads them into error).<br><br> --âyatana the sphere or fold of a sect (cp.titthiya) Vin.I,60,69; II,279; M.I,483; A.I,173; Pug.22; Dhs.381,1003 (cp.Dhs.trsl.p.101<sup>n</sup>); DA.I,118; Ledi Sadaw in J.P.T.S.1913,117--118; --kara a “ford-maker,” founder of a sect D.I,47,116; M.I,198; Sn.pp.90,92; Miln.4,6,etc.; --ññutā knowledge of a ford,in fig.sense of titthaṁ jānāti (see above) Nett 29,80.(Page 302),6,1
  13309. 424831,en,15,titthati,tiṭṭhati,Tiṭṭhati,Tiṭṭhati,[Frequentative of Vedic <em>sthā</em>,stand (cp.sthāna,Lat.sto:see ṭhāna)=Av.hiśtaiti,Gr.i(ζthmi,Lat.sisto) to stand,etc.-- I.Forms:pres.ind.tiṭṭhati (Sn.333,434; Pv.I,5<sup>1</sup>); imper.2nd tiṭṭha,3rd tiṭṭhatu; ppr.tiṭṭhaṁ,tiṭṭhanto,tiṭṭhamāna; pot.tiṭṭhe (Sn.918,968) &#38; tiṭṭheyya (Sn.942); fut.ṭhassati (J.I,172,217); aor.aṭṭhāsi (J.I,279,pl.aṭṭhaṁsu J.II,129) &#38; aṭṭhā (cp.agā,orig.impf.) (Sn.429; J.I,188); inf.ṭhātuṁ (PvA.174); ger.ṭhatvā (Sn.887); grd.ṭhānīya (PvA.72).-- pp.<i>ṭhita</i>,Caus.<i>ṭhapeti</i>.An apparent Med.-Pass.<i>ṭhīyati</i>,as found in cpd.pati-ṭṭhīyati is to be expl<sup>d</sup> as Med.of paṭi+<i>sthyā</i> (see thīna),and should be written paṭi-tthīyati.See under patiṭṭhīyati.See also ṭhāna &#38; ṭhiti.-- II.Meanings.-- 1.to stand,stand up,to be standing (see ṭhāna I.1<sup>a</sup>):ṭhānakappana-vacanaṁ nisajjādi-paṭikkhepato PvA.24; opp.to walking or lying down:tiṭṭhaṁ caraṁ nisinno vā Sn.151,193; tiṭṭhamānāya eva c’assā gabbhavuṭṭhānaṁ ahosi “she was delivered standing” J.I,52; ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi PvA.68,etc.; caṅkamana-koṭiyaṁ ṭhatvā PvA.79.-- 2.to stop,stay,abide; to last,endure,be at rest; fig.to remain in,abide by,acquiesce in (see ṭhāna I.1<sup>b</sup>).In imper.tiṭṭhatu it approaches the meanings of ṭhapeti viz.leave it alone,let it be so,all right.yāva kāyo ṭhassati tāva naṁ dakkhinti deva-manussā (as long as the body shall last) D.I,46.tiṭṭhe shall he live on (cp.ṭhāna II.<sup>d</sup> Sn.1053,1072 =Nd<sup>2</sup> 283,tiṭṭheyya saṭṭhikappasahassāni to stay on indefinitely); tiṭṭheyya kappaṁ D.II,103.tiṭṭhantī anto vimānasmiṁ “remaining inside the castle” Pv.I,10<sup>1</sup>; tiṭṭha tāva “stop please” J.II,352; tiṭṭhabhadantika one who bids the guest stay (comb<sup>d</sup> w.ehi-bh°) D.I,166; M.I,342; A.I,295; II,206:ovāde ṭhatvā (abiding by) J.I,153; VI,367; similarly J.VI,336.-- Imper.tiṭṭhatu J.IV,40; Miln.14; PvA.74.-- 3.to live (on=Instr.),behave,exist,be (see ṭhāna I.2); to be in a certain condition [gati,cp.ṭhāna II.(c)].Often periphrastically for finite verb (with ger.:cp.gata &#38; ṭhita) tiṭṭhantam enaṁ jānāti (he knows their “gati”) Sn.1114 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 283); āhārena tiṭṭhati PvA.27 (is supported by,cp.ṭhiti); yāvatāyukaṁ ṭhatvā (outliving their lives) PvA.66; karuṇa-ṭhānīya (=*kāruṇayitabba) deserving pity PvA.72; yā tvaṁ tiṭṭhasi (how you are or look!) Vv 44<sup>1</sup>,etc.-- with ger.:pharitvā aṭṭhāsi (pervaded) J.VI,367; aṭṭhiṁ āhacca aṭṭhāsi (cut through to the bone) J.IV,415; gehaṁ samparivāretvā aṭṭhaṁsu (encircled the house) PvA.22.(Page 301),8,1
  13310. 424879,en,15,titthika,titthika,Titthika,Titthika,(adj.) [Possible reading in Burmese MSS.for tittika.But the two compound letters (tt and tth) are so difficult to distinguish that it is uncertain which of the two the scribe really meant].(Page 302),8,1
  13311. 424900,en,15,titthiya,titthiya,Titthiya,Titthiya,[from tittha 2,cp.Divy 81<sup>7</sup>; AvŚ I.48; II,20.An adherent of another sect (often as añña°),an heretic Vin.I,54,84,136,159 (°samādāna),306 (°dhaja),320; S.I,65; IV,37,394; D.III,44,46; Sn.381,891; Nd<sup>2</sup> 38; Ps.I,160; Pug.49; Vbh.247.añña° e.g.Vin.I,101; D.I,175 sq.; III,130 sq.; J.II,415,417.--sāvaka a follower of an heretic teacher Vin.I,172; J.I,95; Vism.17.(Page 302),8,1
  13312. 425040,en,15,titti,titti,Titti,Titti,(f.) [from tappati<sup>2</sup>] satisfaction (in=Loc.) Dh.186 =ThA.287 (na kahāpaṇavassena t.kāmesu vijjati); n’atthi t.kāmānaṁ Th.2,487; J.V,486 (dhammesu); VvA.11; PvA.32 (°ṁ gacchati find s.) 55 (paṭilabhati),127.(Page 302),5,1
  13313. 425054,en,15,tittika,tittika,Tittika,Tittika,in <i>samatittika</i> at D.I,244,Vin.I,230,brimful,of a river.Derivation &#38; meaning doubtful.See the note at Buddhist Suttas,178,9.(Page 302),7,1
  13314. 425061,en,15,tittimant,tittimant,Tittimant,Tittimant,(adj.) [titti+mant] satisfied,contented,so read at J.III,70 &#38; VI,508 for kittimant.(Page 302),9,1
  13315. 425073,en,15,tittira,tittira,Tittira,Tittira,[Onomat.cp.Vedic tittira &#38; tittiri,Gr.tatuρas pheasant,Lit.teterva heath-cock; Lat.tetrinnio to cackle] partridge J.I,218; III,538.--pattikā a kind of boot Vin.I,186.(Page 302),7,1
  13316. 425109,en,15,tittiriya,tittiriya,Tittiriya,Tittiriya,(adj.) [fr.tittira] belonging to a partridge,like a partridge J.I,219 (brahmacariya).(Page 302),9,1
  13317. 425161,en,15,tivara,tīvarā,Tīvarā,Tīvarā,(pl.) N.of a people in the time of Buddha Kakusandha S.II,191.(Page 304),6,1
  13318. 425450,en,15,tomara,tomara,Tomara,Tomara,(m.nt.) [Sk.tomara from <em>tud</em>,see tudati] a pike,spear,lance,esp.the lance of an elephant-driver D.II,266 (tutta-t.a driving lance); M.III,133 (t.hattha); Vism.235; DA.I,147.(Page 307),6,1
  13319. 425482,en,15,torana,toraṇa,Toraṇa,Toraṇa,(nt.) [Sk.toraṇa,perhaps related to Gr.tuρsis,tuρris=Lat.turris (tower),cp.Hor.Od.I.4<sup>7</sup> “regumque turris”=palaces] an arched gateway,portal; Vin.II,154; D.II,83; Vv 35<sup>1</sup> (=dvārakoṭṭhaka-pāsādassa nāmaṁ VvA.160); J.III,428; Dāvs.V,48.(Page 307),6,1
  13320. 425513,en,15,tosana,tosana,Tosana,Tosana,(adj.-n.) [see toseti] satisfying,pleasing; satisfaction Sn.971.(Page 307),6,1
  13321. 425525,en,15,tosapana,tosāpana,Tosāpana,Tosāpana,(adj.) [=tosana,in formation of a 2nd causative tosāpeti] pleasing,giving satisfaction J.II,249.(Page 307),8,1
  13322. 425587,en,15,toseti,toseti,Toseti,Toseti,[Caus.of tussati] to please,satisfy,make happy Sn.1127 (=Nd<sup>2</sup> 288); J.IV,274; Sdhp.304.-- pp.<i>tosita</i> contented,satisfied Sn.1128.Cp.pari°.(Page 307),6,1
  13323. 425624,en,15,toya,toya,Toya,Toya,(nt.) [Vedic toya from <i>*tāǔ</i> to melt away; Lat.tabeo,tabes (consumption); Ags.pāwan=E.dew,Oir.tām= tabes; also Gr.tήkw,etc.] water (poetical for udaka); only in simile:puṇḍarīkaṁ (or padumaṁ) toyena na upalippati A.II,39=Sn.547; Sn.71=213; Th.1,700; Nd<sup>2</sup> 287 (t.vuccati udakaṁ); -- Bdhd 67,93.(Page 307),4,1
  13324. 425679,en,15,tu,tu,Tu,Tu,(indecl.) [Vedic tu,belonging to pron.base of 2nd sg.tvaṁ=Lat.tu; Gr.tu/,toi/=indeed,however (orig.ethical dat,of su/),toi/nun,toi/gar; Goth.pu,etc.,cp.tuvaṁ] however,but,yet,now,then (similar in appl.to tāva); kin tu but (=quid nunc).Frequent in late verse:ante tu,J.P.T.S.1884,5,31,37 etc.J.P.T.S.1913,5<sup>3</sup>; Bd’s Man.11<sup>52</sup> &c.Usually comb<sup>d</sup> with eva:tv eva however Sn.p.141; na tv eva not however,but not A.V,173.(Page 304),2,1
  13325. 425699,en,15,tuccha,tuccha,Tuccha,Tuccha,(adj.) [Sk.tuccha,prob.rel.to Lat.tesqua deserted place,see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.] empty,vain,deserted; very often comb<sup>d</sup> with ritta D.I,55; III,53 (°kumbhi); M.I,207; J.I,209 (°hattha,empty-handed); VI,365; Sn.883; Pug.45,46; Miln.5 (+palāpa),10 (id.),13; DhA.II,43; PvA.202; Sdhp.431.(Page 304),6,1
  13326. 425727,en,15,tucchaka,tucchaka,Tucchaka,Tucchaka,=tuccha; always comb<sup>d</sup> w.rittaka D.I,240; S.III,141; M.I,329.(Page 304),8,1
  13327. 425818,en,15,tudampati,tudampatī,Tudampatī,Tudampatī,(dual) husband &#38; wife [tu°=dial.for du°,Sk.dve; dampati from dama=domus,Sk.daṁpati=Gr.despόths; cp.also Kern,Toev.II.93,who compares tuvantuva for duvanduva].See under dampati.(Page 305),9,1
  13328. 425841,en,15,tudati,tudati,Tudati,Tudati,[Vedic tudati; <i>*steud</i>,enlarged fr.<i>*steu</i>,cp.Lat.tundo,tudes (hammer); Goth.stautan,Ohg.stozan (to push),E.stutter,Nhg.stutzen; Ags.styntan=E.stunt] to strike with an instrument; to prick,peck,pierce; to incite,instigate J.III,189 (=vijjhati).Pass.<i>tujjati</i> to be struck Th.1,780; Vism.503 (cp.vitujjati); Sdhp.279.-- pp.<i>tunna</i>.See also tuṇḍa (beak=pecker),tutta (goad),tomara (lance=striker) &#38; thūpa (point).(Page 305),6,1
  13329. 425902,en,15,tujjati,tujjati,Tujjati,Tujjati,Pass.of tudati.(Page 304),7,1
  13330. 425917,en,15,tula,tula,Tula,Tula,(adj.) [see tuleti] only in negative <i>atula</i> incomparable,not to be measured,beyond compare or description Vv 30<sup>4</sup> (=anupama VvA.126); Pv.II,8<sup>9</sup> (=appamāṇa PvA.110); III,3<sup>2</sup> (=asadisarūpa PvA.188); Miln.343.(Page 305),4,1
  13331. 425927,en,15,tula,tulā,Tulā,Tulā,(f.) [see tuleti.Vedic tulā; Gr.taλas,taλanton (balance,weighing &#38; weight=talentum),toλma; Lat.tollo (lift); Goth.pulan (to carry patiently,suffer); Ger.geduld,etc.] 1.a beam or pole for lifting,carrying or supporting,a rafter Vin.II,122; VvA.188 (+gopānasī); DhsA.107.-- 2.a weighing pole or stick,scales,balance A.I,88; J.I,112; Dh.268; Miln.356 (t.nikkhepanāya).-- 3.fig.measure (“weighing,” cp.tulanā),standard,rate S.II,236 (+pamāṇa).<br><br> <i>--kūṭa</i> false weighing,false weight (often comb<sup>d</sup> with kaṁsakūṭa &#38; mānakūṭa,false coining &#38; false measuring) D.I,5=A.II,209≈; DA.I,79; DhA.I,239; <i>--daṇḍa</i> the beam or lever of a balance J.I,113; <i>--puttaka</i> a goldsmith (using scales) J.V,424 (or should it be tulādhuttaka? ).(Page 305),4,1
  13332. 425940,en,15,tula,tūla,Tūla,Tūla,(nt.) [Sk.tūla,to <i>*</i><em>teu</em>,Sk.tavīti,to swell or be bushy,cp.Gr.tuλh swelling; Ags.pol peg] a tuft of grass,cotton Vin.II,150 (3 kinds:rukkha°,latā°,poṭaki°); Sn.591=J.IV,127 (vāto tūlaṁ va dhaṁsaye); DA.I,87.<br><br> <i>--picu</i> cotton-wool Vism.282,285,404; DhA.III,202; KhA 173.<i>--puṇṇikā</i> (“stuffed with tuft of cotton”) a kind of shoe Vin.I,186.(Page 306),4,1
  13333. 426013,en,15,tulana,tulanā,Tulanā,Tulanā,(f.) [see tuleti] weighing,rating; consideration,deliberation M.I,480; II,174; Nett 8,41.(Page 305),6,1
  13334. 426074,en,15,tulasi,tulasi,Tulasi,Tulasi,[Derivation unknown] basil (common or sweet) J.V,46 (°gahana a thicket of b.; v.l.tūlasi); VI,536 (tuḷasi=tuḷasigaccha).(Page 305),6,1
  13335. 426145,en,15,tuleti,tuleti,Tuleti,Tuleti,[from tulā; Lat.tollo,etc.] to weigh,examine,compare; match,equal M.I,480; Th.1,107; J.VI,283; -- ger.tulayitvā M.I,480.-- grd.tuliya &#38; tulya (see sep.).-- pp.<i>tulita</i>.(Page 305),6,1
  13336. 426173,en,15,tulika,tūlikā,Tūlikā,Tūlikā,(f.) [der.fr.tūla] a mattress (consisting of layers of grass or wool:tiṇṇaṁ tūlānaṁ aññatara-puṇṇa-tūlikā DA.I,87) Vin.I,192; II,150; D.I,7; A.I,181.(Page 306),6,1
  13337. 426187,en,15,tulini,tūlinī,Tūlinī,Tūlinī,(f.) [Sk.tūlinī] the silk-cotton tree M.I,128.(Page 306),6,1
  13338. 426194,en,15,tulita,tulita,Tulita,Tulita,[pp.of tuleti] weighed,estimated,compared,gauged,considered Th.2,153 (yattakaṁ esā t.what she is worth=lakkhaṇaññūhi parichinna ThA.139); Nd<sup>2</sup> under ñāta (as syn.of tirita); PvA.52 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of mita,measured).(Page 305),6,1
  13339. 426208,en,15,tuliya,tuliya,Tuliya,Tuliya,[Sk.?] a flying fox J.VI,537.(Page 305),6,1
  13340. 426235,en,15,tulya,tulya,Tulya,Tulya, &#38; Tuliya (also <i>tulla</i> J.IV,102) (adj.) [orig.grd.of tuleti] to be weighed,estimated,measured; matched,equal,comparable Sn.377; J.III,324; PvA.87 (=samaka).Mostly in the negative <i>atulya</i> incomparable,not having its equal Sn.83,683; J.IV,102 (atulla); Miln.249 (atuliyā guṇā),343 (id.) -- See also tula.(Page 305),5,1
  13341. 426272,en,15,tuma,tuma,Tuma,Tuma,(pron.-adj.) [most likely apostrophe form of ātuma =attā,Sk.ātman self; cp.also Sk.tman oneself.See Oldenberg,KZ.XXV.319.Less likely=Sk.tva one or the other (Kern,Toev.s.v.).Expl<sup>d</sup> by Com.to A.III,124 as esa.] oneself,himself,etc.; every or anybody (=quisque) yaṁ tumo karissati tumo va tena paññāyissati (quid quisque faciat) Vin.II,186=A.III,124; Sn.890 (cp.ātumānaṁ V.888),908; Pv III,2<sup>4</sup> (=attānaṁ PvA.181).(Page 305),4,1
  13342. 426283,en,15,tumba,tumba,Tumba,Tumba,(m.nt.) [possibly=Sk.tumra swollen (of shape),same root as tumula] 1.a kind of water vessel (udaka° DA.I,202),made of copper,wood or a fruit (like a calabash,cocoanut,etc.,cp.kaṭāha,E.skull) Vin.I,205 (loha°,kaṭṭha°,phala°); II,114 (°kaṭāha of gourd); J.III,430 (udaka°); IV,114; DhA.II,193 (udaka°).-- 2.a measure of capacity,esp.used for grain J.I,233 (mahā°),467 (=4 nāḷi p.468); Miln.102.(Page 305),5,1
  13343. 426343,en,15,tumhadisa,tumhādisa,Tumhādisa,Tumhādisa,(pron.-adj.) [tumhe+ādisa] like you,of your kind Sn.459; J.VI,528; DA.I,146.(Page 305),9,1
  13344. 426360,en,15,tumhe,tumhe,Tumhe,Tumhe,[pl.of pron.2nd pers.,see tuvaṁ].(Page 305),5,1
  13345. 426380,en,15,tumula,tumula,Tumula,Tumula,[Sk.tumala; to <i>*teu</i>,Lat.tumeo,tumulus,tumultus,etc.E.thumb (swelling),cp.tuṅga &#38; tūla] tumult,uproar,commotion J.VI,247 (by Com.expl<sup>d</sup> as “andhakāra,” darkness); Dpvs XVII.100.(Page 305),6,1
  13346. 426408,en,15,tunda,tuṇḍa,Tuṇḍa,Tuṇḍa,(nt.) [Sk.tuṇḍa,prob.dial.for tunda which belongs to tudati] the beak of birds,the mouth,snout S.V,148 (of a monkey); J.I,222; IV,210; DhA.I,394.(Page 304),5,1
  13347. 426416,en,15,tundaka,tuṇḍaka,Tuṇḍaka,Tuṇḍaka,(nt.)=tuṇḍa J.I,222; III,126.(Page 304),7,1
  13348. 426425,en,15,tundika,tuṇḍika,Tuṇḍika,Tuṇḍika,see <i>ahi°</i>.(Page 304),7,1
  13349. 426445,en,15,tundiya,tuṇḍiya,Tuṇḍiya,Tuṇḍiya,(adj.) [from tuṇḍi] having a beak; n.a pecker,fig.a tax-collector J.V,102 (=adhamma-bali-sādhaka 103).(Page 304),7,1
  13350. 426461,en,15,tunga,tuṅga,Tuṅga,Tuṅga,(adj.) [Sk.tunga,<em>tum</em> to stand out,cp.Gr.tu/mbos hillock,Lat.tumeo &#38; tumulus,Mir.tomm hill] high,prominent,long J.I,89; III,433 (pabbata,expl<sup>d</sup> however by tikhiṇa,sharp,rough); Dāvs.IV.30.<br><br> <i>--nāsika</i> one with a prominent or long nose S.II,284; cp.saṇha-tunga-sadisī nāsikā Th.2,258; <i>--vaṇṭaka</i> having a long stalk; N.of a plant J.VI,537.(Page 304),5,1
  13351. 426502,en,15,tunhi,tuṇhī,Tuṇhī,Tuṇhī,(indecl.) [Sk.tūṣṇīṁ Acc.sg.of fem.abstr.tūṣṇī,used adverbially,from tussati] silently,esp.in phrase <i>tuṇhī ahosi</i> he remained silent,as a sign of consent or affirmative answer (i.e.he had nothing to say against it) D.II,155; A.V,194; Dh.227; Sn.720 (tuṇhī yāti mahodadhi); PvA.117. <i>--bhāva</i> silence,attitude of consent,usually in form.adhivāsesi tuṇhī-bhāvena he agreed Vin.I,17; Sn.p.104,etc.-- S.II,236,273 (ariyo t.-bhāvo); M.I,161 (id.); A.IV,153 (id.).-Miln.15; PvA.17,20,etc.; <i>--bhūta</i> silent Sn.p.140; Vv 20; DhA 172,etc.(Page 304),5,1
  13352. 426529,en,15,tunhikkhaka,tuṇhikkhaka,Tuṇhikkhaka,Tuṇhikkhaka,(adj.) [fr.tūṣṇīṁ,see next] silent J.IV,25 (=kiñci avadanto).(Page 304),11,1
  13353. 426533,en,15,tunhira,tuṇhīra,Tuṇhīra,Tuṇhīra,inorganic form for tūṇīra quiver J.V,128,also as v.l.at J.V,48.(Page 305),7,1
  13354. 426534,en,15,tunhiyati,tuṇhīyati,Tuṇhīyati,Tuṇhīyati,=taṇhāyati,misspelling at S.II,13.(Page 305),9,1
  13355. 426535,en,15,tuni,tūṇī,Tūṇī,Tūṇī,(f.) [Sk.*tūṇa &#38; tūṇī,to <i>*</i><em>tḷn</em><i>:</i> see under tulā; cp.Lat.tollo.On ṇ›l.cp.cikkaṇa &#38; cikkhala,guṇa› guḷa,kiṇi›kili,etc.] a quiver (lit.“carrier”) J.II,403 (dhanuṁ tūṇiñ ca nikkhippa); V,47.(Page 306),4,1
  13356. 426545,en,15,tunira,tūṇira,Tūṇira,Tūṇira,=tūṇī,Vism.251.(Page 306),6,1
  13357. 426564,en,15,tunna,tunna,Tunna,Tunna,<sup>2</sup> [from tudati] any pointed instrument as a stick,a goad,a bolt,or (usually) a needle Vin.I,290 (+aggaḷa,means of fastening); J.I,8 (id.).<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> “needle-work,” tailoring,patching,sewing J.IV,40; VI,366; Vism.112.<i>--kāra</i> ( &#38; °ka) a (mending) tailor J.IV,38 (v.l.°ka); VvA.251 (°ka); PvA.120); <i>--vāya</i> [Sk.tunnavāya] a “needle-weaver,” a tailor Vin.II,159; J.VI,364,368 (°vesaṁ gahetvā in the disguise of a tailor); PvA.161 (id.); Pv.II,9<sup>14</sup> (=tunnakāra PvA.120); Miln.331,365.(Page 305),5,1
  13358. 426565,en,15,tunna,tunna,Tunna,Tunna,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of tudati] struck Th.2,162 (vyādhimaraṇa° str.with sickness and death).(Page 305),5,1
  13359. 426628,en,15,tura,tura,Tura,Tura,(adj.) [Vedic tura,cp.tvaraṇa] swift,quick; only in composition with <i>°ga</i>,etc.,“going swiftly,” denoting the horse; viz.<i>turaga</i> VvA.279; <i>turaṅga</i> VvA.281; Miln.192 (gaja°,etc.),352 (id.) 364; <i>turaṅgama</i> Dāvs.V,56; <i>turagamana</i> PvA.57.(Page 305),4,1
  13360. 426667,en,15,turati,turati,Turati,Turati,[=tarati<sup>2</sup>] to be in a hurry,to be quick,hasten J.VI,229 (mā turittho,Prohib.).-- pp.<i>turita</i>.Cp.also tura,etc.(Page 305),6,1
  13361. 426674,en,15,turi,turī,Turī,Turī,a hen Th.2,381 (=migī ThA.254) (v.l.korī,cp.Tamil kōḷi hen).(Page 305),4,1
  13362. 426685,en,15,turita,turita,Turita,Turita,[pp.of turati] hastening,speedy,quick; hastily,in a hurry Sn.1014; J.I,69 (turita-turita); Vv 80<sup>8</sup> (=sambhamanto VvA.311); DA.I,319; PvA.181.-- <i>aturita</i> leisurely,with leisure,slow J.I,87.-- See also tuvaṭaṁ.(Page 305),6,1
  13363. 426731,en,15,turiya,turiya,Turiya,Turiya,(nt.) [Derivation uncertain,probably connected with tuleti,Sk.tūrya] sometimes tūriya (e.g.Vv 5<sup>4</sup>); musical instruments in general,usually referred to as comprising 5 kinds of special instruments (pañcaṅgika t.e.g.Vv 5<sup>4</sup>; 39<sup>1</sup>; VvA.181,183,210,257),viz.ātata,vitata,ātata-vitata,ghana,susira (VvA.37).Freq.in phrase nippurisehi turiyehi parivāriyamāna (or paricāriyamāna) “surrounded by (or entertained by) heavenly music” Vin.I,15; D.II,21; A.I,145; J.I,58.-- Vv 38<sup>4</sup>; 41<sup>2</sup>; 50<sup>24</sup>,64<sup>5</sup>; Pv III,8<sup>1</sup>; DhA.III,460; VvA.92; PvA.74.<br><br> <i>--sadda</i> the sound of music,music Mhvs VII.30.(Page 305),6,1
  13364. 426882,en,15,tussana,tussana,Tussana,Tussana,(nt.) [Sk.toṣaṇa] satisfying,pleasing,in <i>°kāraṇa</i> cause for satisfaction or delight J.III,448.(Page 306),7,1
  13365. 426916,en,15,tussati,tussati,Tussati,Tussati,[Sk.tuṣyati to <i>*teus</i> to be quiet,contented,happy] to be satisfied,pleased or happy J.III,280; IV,138; Miln.210.Cp.<i>tuṭṭha</i> (pp.),tuṭṭhi,tuṇhī,tosa,tosana,toseti.(Page 306),7,1
  13366. 426956,en,15,tutta,tutta,Tutta,Tutta,(nt.) [Sk tottra,from tudati to prick,push] a pike for guiding elephants,a goad for driving cattle (cp.tomara &#38; patoda) D.II,266 (°tomara); J.IV,310; V,268; Cp.III,5,2 (t.-vegahata).(Page 305),5,1
  13367. 426975,en,15,tuttha,tuṭṭha,Tuṭṭha,Tuṭṭha,[pp.of tussati to be satisfied] pleased,satisfied; often comb<sup>d</sup> w.<i>haṭṭha</i> (q.v.) i.e.tuṭṭha -- haṭṭha J.I,19 or haṭṭha-tuṭṭha J.II,240; cp.tuṭṭha-pahaṭṭha J.II,240.-- Sn.683; It.103; J.I,62 (°mānasa),87,266 (°citta),308 (id.); IV,138.-- <i>tuṭṭhabba</i> (grd.) to be pleased with Vin.IV,259.(Page 304),6,1
  13368. 427025,en,15,tutthi,tuṭṭhi,Tuṭṭhi,Tuṭṭhi,(f.) [from tussati] pleasure,joy,enjoyment S.I,48; Dh.331 (Nom.tuṭṭhī); J.I,60,207.(Page 304),6,1
  13369. 427084,en,15,tuvam,tuvaṁ,Tuvaṁ,Tuvaṁ, &#38; Tvaṁ [Sk.tvaṁ &#38; (Ved.) tuaṁ,cp.also part.tu; Gr.tu/,su/; Lat.tu; Goth.pu; E.thou,etc.; Oir.tū] pron.of 2nd pers.in foll.forms &#38; applications:‹-› 1.Full forms:1.sg.:(a) <i>tv°</i>,<i> tu°</i>,<i> tuyh°</i>:Nom.<i>tvaṁ</i> (in prose &#38; verse) Sn.179,241,1029,1058; J.I,279; II,159; Pv.I,8<sup>4</sup>.Also for Nom.pl.at J.I,391,395; VI,576; <i>tuvaṁ</i> (in verse) Sn.1064,1102,1121; J.III,278,394; Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup>; II,3<sup>2</sup>; also for Acc.Sn.377; Pv.II,8<sup>1</sup>; <i>tuyhaṁ</i> (Gen. &#38; Dat.) [Sk.tubhyaṁ] Sn.983,1030; J.I,279; PvA.3,60,73,etc.-- (b) <i>ta°</i>,<i> tay°</i>,<i> taṁ</i> (Acc.) M.I,487; Sn.31,241,1043,1049; J.I,222; II,159; Pv.I,10<sup>1</sup>; II,1<sup>6</sup>; <i>tayā</i> (Instr.) Sn.335,344; J.I,222; Pv.II,3<sup>6</sup> (=bhotiyā PvA.86):PvA.71; <i>tayi</i> (Loc.) Sn.382; J.I,207; <i>tava</i> (Gen.) Sn.1102,1110; J.II,153; PvA.106.-- 2.pl.:<i>tumh°</i> [Sk.yuṣm°]:<i>tumhe</i> (Nom. &#38; Acc.) It.31; J.I,221 (Acc.); Pv.I,11<sup>2</sup>.Also as pl.majesticus in addressing one person J.II,102; IV,138; <i>tumhaṁ</i> (Gen.) PvA.58 (for sg.),78; <i>tumhākaṁ</i> (Gen.Dat.) S.II,65; It.32; J.I,150; II,102; <i>tumhesu</i> (Loc.) J.I,292 (for sg.); <i>tumhehi</i> (Instr.) J.II,154; Pv.I,5<sup>12</sup>.-- II.Enclitic forms (in function of an ethical dative “in your interest,” therefore also as possessive Gen.or as instrumental,or any other case of the interested person according to construction).1.sg.<i>te</i> D.II,127 (Dat.); Sn.76,120,1099 (Dat.),1102 (Dat.); J.I,151; II,159 (Instr.); Pv.I,2<sup>3</sup> (Dat.); II,3<sup>2</sup> (Gen.),4<sup>6</sup> (Gen.).-- 2.pl.<i>vo</i> S.III,33 (Instr.) Sn.135,172 (Dat.),331 (Dat.); J.I,222 (Acc.); II,133; III,395 (Gen.).(Page 305),5,1
  13370. 427096,en,15,tuvantuva,tuvantuva,Tuvantuva,Tuvantuva,(nt.) [Sk.dvandva,with dialect.t.(cp.tudampati),not (with Müller,P.Gr.38) through confusion with pron.tvaṁ] quarrel,strife M.I,110,410.(Page 306),9,1
  13371. 427135,en,15,tuvatam,tuvaṭaṁ,Tuvaṭaṁ,Tuvaṭaṁ,(adv.) [Sk.tvaritaṁ,cp.tūrta] quickly A.V,342; J.I,91; II,61; VI,519 (as <i>tvātaṁ</i>); Miln.198; Vism.305,313.(Page 306),7,1
  13372. 427172,en,15,tuvatteti,tuvaṭṭeti,Tuvaṭṭeti,Tuvaṭṭeti,(for *Sk.dvandvayati,denom.fr.dvandva] to share (with=Loc.or Abl.) Vin.II,10,124; IV,288.(Page 306),9,1
  13373. 427210,en,15,tvam,tvaṁ,Tvaṁ,Tvaṁ,see tuvaṁ.(Page 307),4,1
  13374. 427218,en,15,tvatam,tvātaṁ,Tvātaṁ,Tvātaṁ,see tuvaṭaṁ.(Page 307),6,1
  13375. 427224,en,15,tya,tya,Tya,Tya,[Sk.tya°,nt.tyad; perhaps to Gr.sήmeron to-day,sh_tes in this year] base of demonstr.pron.=ta°,this,that; Loc.sg.<i>tyamhi</i> J.VI,292; Loc.pl.fem.<i>tyāsu</i> J.V,368 (Com.tāsu).(Page 307),3,1
  13376. 427241,en,15,tyassu,tyassu,Tyassu,Tyassu,=te assu D.II,287,see su<sup>3</sup>.(Page 307),6,1
  13377. 427254,en,15,u,u,U,U,the sound or syllable u,expl<sup>d.</sup> by Bdhgh at Vism.495 as expressing origin (= ud).(Page 124),1,1
  13378. 427273,en,15,ubbadhati,ubbadhati,Ubbadhati,Ubbadhati,[ud + vadhati] to kill,destroy Sn.4 (praet.udabbadhi = ucchindanto vadheti SnA 18).(Page 153),9,1
  13379. 427279,en,15,ubbaha,ubbaha,Ubbaha,Ubbaha,(adj.) (-°) [fr.ud + <em>vṛh</em>,i.e.to ubbahati<sup>1</sup>] only in cpd.dur° hard to pull out,difficult to remove Th.1,124,495 = 1053.(Page 153),6,1
  13380. 427290,en,15,ubbahana,ubbāhana,Ubbāhana,Ubbāhana,(nt.) [fr.ubbahati<sup>2</sup>] carrying,lifting,in °samattha fit for carrying,i.e.a beast of burden,of an elephant J.VI,448.(Page 153),8,1
  13381. 427323,en,15,ubbahati,ubbahati,Ubbahati,Ubbahati,<sup>2</sup> [ud + <i>vahati</i>,although possibly same as ubbahati<sup>1</sup>,in meaning of uddharati,which has taken up meanings of *udbharati,as well as of *udbṛhati and *udvahati] to carry away,take away,lift (the corn after cutting); only in Caus.II.<i>ubbahāpeti</i> to have the corn harvested Vin II 180 = A.I,241.-- Here belong uddhaṭa and uddharaṇa.Cp.also pavāḷha.(Page 153),8,1
  13382. 427324,en,15,ubbahati,ubbahati,Ubbahati,Ubbahati,<sup>1</sup> [ud + <em>bṛh</em> or <em>vṛh</em>,see also uddharati] to pull out,take away,destroy Sn.583 (udabbahe pot.= ubbaheyya dhāreyya SnA 460); Th.1,158; J.II,223 (udabbahe = udabbaheyya C.); IV,462 (ubbahe); VI,587 (= hareyya C.).(Page 153),8,1
  13383. 427341,en,15,ubbaheti,ubbāheti,Ubbāheti,Ubbāheti,[hardly to be decided whether fr.ud + <em>vāh</em> (to press,urge),or <em>bṛh</em> or <em>bādh</em><i>;</i> cp.uddharati 2] to oppress,vex,hinder,incommodate J.V,417 sq.(Page 153),8,1
  13384. 427357,en,15,ubbahika,ubbāhikā,Ubbāhikā,Ubbāhikā,(f.) [orig.f.of ubbāhika,adj.fr.ubbāheti in abstr.use] a method of deciding on the expulsion of a bhikkhu,always in Instr.<i>ubbāhikāya</i> “by means of a referendum”,the settlement of a dispute being laid in the hands of certain chosen brethren (see Vin Texts III,49 sq.) Vin.II,95,97,305; V,139,197; A.V,71; Mhvs 4,46.(Page 153),8,1
  13385. 427383,en,15,ubbalha,ubbāḷha,Ubbāḷha,Ubbāḷha,[adj.pp.of ud + bāhati = <em>vāh</em> or more likely of ud + <em>bādh</em>] oppressed,troubled,harassed,annoyed,vexed Vin.I,148,353; II,119; IV,308; J.I,300; Vism.182 (kuṇapa-gandhena); DhA.I,343.(Page 153),7,1
  13386. 427407,en,15,ubbandhati,ubbandhati,Ubbandhati,Ubbandhati,[ud + bandhati] to hang up,strangle Vin.III,73 (rajjuyā); J.I,504 (id.); III,345; Th.2,80; Vism.501; VvA.139,207 (ubbandhitu-kāmā in the intention of hanging herself).(Page 153),10,1
  13387. 427422,en,15,ubbari,ubbarī,Ubbarī,Ubbarī,(f.) [Sk.urvarā,Av.urvara plant] fertile soil,sown field; fig.woman,wife J VI 473 (= orodha C.).(Page 153),6,1
  13388. 427432,en,15,ubbasati,ubbasati,Ubbasati,Ubbasati,see <i>ubbisati</i>.(Page 153),8,1
  13389. 427446,en,15,ubbasiyati,ubbāsīyati,Ubbāsīyati,Ubbāsīyati,[Pass.of ubbāseti,ud + <em>vas</em>] “to be dis-inhabited”,i.e.to be abandoned by the inhabitants Mhvs 6,22 (= chaḍḍīyati C.).-- Cp.<i>ubbisati</i>.(Page 153),10,1
  13390. 427471,en,15,ubbattati,ubbattati,Ubbattati,Ubbattati,[ud + <em>vṛt</em>] to go upwards,to rise,swell J.VI,486 (sāgaro ubbatti).See also next.(Page 152),9,1
  13391. 427491,en,15,ubbatteti,ubbaṭṭeti,Ubbaṭṭeti,Ubbaṭṭeti,[Caus.of ud + <em>vṛt</em>,as doublet of ubbatteti,cp.BSk.udvartayati Divy 12,36] to anoint,give perfumes (to a guest),to shampoo J.I,87 (gandhacuṇṇena),238 (id.); V,89,438.(Page 152),9,1
  13392. 427498,en,15,ubbatteti,ubbatteti,Ubbatteti,Ubbatteti,[Caus.of ud + <em>vṛt</em>,of which doublet is ubbaṭṭeti; cp.also ubbaṭuma] -- 1.to tear out J.I,199; Miln.101 (sadevake loke ubbattiyante); DhA.I,5 (hadayamaṁsaṁ),75 (rukkhaṁ).-- 2.to cause to swell or rise J.III,361 (Gaṅgāsotaṁ); IV,161 (samuddaṁ).-- 3.(intrs.) to go out of direction,or in the wrong direction Vism.327 (neva ubbaṭṭati na vivaṭṭati; v.l.uppaṭṭati); DhA.III,155.(Page 152),9,1
  13393. 427509,en,15,ubbatthaka,ubbaṭṭhaka,Ubbaṭṭhaka,Ubbaṭṭhaka,misprint in Pug.Index as well as at Pug.A 233 for <i>ubbhaṭṭhaka</i> (q.v.).(Page 152),10,1
  13394. 427526,en,15,ubbatuma,ubbaṭuma,Ubbaṭuma,Ubbaṭuma,(adj.) [ud + *vṛti (of <em>vṛt</em>) + ma (for mā › mant); cp.Sk.udvṛtta &#38; vṛtimant] going out of its direction,going wrong (or upset?),in phrase <i>ubbaṭumaṁ rathaṁ karoti</i> to put a cart out of its direction A.IV,191,193.(Page 152),8,1
  13395. 427536,en,15,ubbedha,ubbedha,Ubbedha,Ubbedha,[ud + vedha of <em>vyadh</em>] height,only as measure,contrasted with <i>āyāma</i> length, &#38; <i>vitthāra</i> width J.I,29 (V.219; asīti-hatth°),203 (yojana-sahass°); VvA.33 (yojana°),66 (asīti-hatth°),158 (hattha-sat°),188 (soḷasa-yojan°),221,339; PvA.113.See also pabbedha.(Page 153),7,1
  13396. 427548,en,15,ubbedhati,ubbedhati,Ubbedhati,Ubbedhati,[ud + vedhati = Sk.vyathate] to be moved,to shake (intrs.),quiver,quake J.VI,437 (= kampati C.).(Page 153),9,1
  13397. 427561,en,15,ubbega,ubbega,Ubbega,Ubbega,[Sk.udvega,fr.ud + <em>vij</em>] excitement,fright,anguish D.III,148; later,also transport,rapture,in cpd.(°pīti); Vism.143; DhsA.124; PugA 226.(Page 153),6,1
  13398. 427590,en,15,ubbegin,ubbegin,Ubbegin,Ubbegin,(adj.) [fr.ubbega] full of anguish or fear J.III,313 (= ubbegavant C.).(Page 153),7,1
  13399. 427596,en,15,ubbejaniya,ubbejanīya,Ubbejanīya,Ubbejanīya,(adj.) [fr.ubbejeti] agitating,causing anxiety J.I,323,504.(Page 153),10,1
  13400. 427611,en,15,ubbejeti,ubbejeti,Ubbejeti,Ubbejeti,[Caus.of ud + <em>vij</em>] to set into agitation,terrify,frighten Miln.388 (°jayitabba grd.); PugA 226.(Page 153),8,1
  13401. 427626,en,15,ubbejitar,ubbejitar,Ubbejitar,Ubbejitar, &#38; Ubbejetar [n.ag.fr.ubbejeti] a terrifier,a terror to A.II,109 (°etar); IV,189 (id.); Pug.47,48 (= ghaṭṭetvā vijjhītvā ubbegappattaṁ karotī ti PugA 226).(Page 153),9,1
  13402. 427631,en,15,ubbethana,ubbeṭhana,Ubbeṭhana,Ubbeṭhana,(nt.) [fr.ud + <em>veṣṭ</em>] an envelope,wrap J.VI,508.(Page 153),9,1
  13403. 427659,en,15,ubbham,ubbhaṁ,Ubbhaṁ,Ubbhaṁ,( &#38; Ubbha°) (indecl.) [a doublet of uddhaṁ,see uddhaṁ III,] up,over,above,on top J.V,269 (ubbhaṁ yojanaṁ uggata); in cpds.like <i>ubbhakkhakaṁ</i> above the collar bone Vin.IV,213; <i>ubbhajānumaṇḍalaṁ</i> above the knee Vin.IV,213; <i>ubbhamukha</i> upwards S.III,238; Miln.122.(Page 153),6,1
  13404. 427677,en,15,ubbhandita,ubbhaṇḍita,Ubbhaṇḍita,Ubbhaṇḍita,[pp.of ubbhaṇḍeti,ud + <i>*</i><em>bhaṇḍ</em>,cp.bhāṇḍa] bundled up,fixed up,wrapped up,full Vin.I,287.(Page 153),10,1
  13405. 427692,en,15,ubbhara,ubbhāra,Ubbhāra,Ubbhāra,= uddhāra (suspension,withdrawal,removal) Vin.I,255,300; V,136,175; cp.Vin Texts I.19; II,157.(Page 153),7,1
  13406. 427710,en,15,ubbhata,ubbhata,Ubbhata,Ubbhata,[pp.of uddharati with bbh for ddh as in ubbhaṁ for uddhaṁ; cp.ubbahati and see also the doublet uddhaṭa] drawn out,pulled out,brought out,thrown out or up,withdrawn Vin.I,256 (kaṭhina,cp.uddhāra &#38; ubbhāra); III,196 (id.); D.I,77 (cp uddharati); M.I,383 (ubbhatehi akkhihi); Dh.34 (okamokata u.= *okamokataḥ u.); J.I,268; PvA.163.(Page 153),7,1
  13407. 427729,en,15,ubbhatthaka,ubbhaṭṭhaka,Ubbhaṭṭhaka,Ubbhaṭṭhaka,(adj.) [ubbha + ṭha + ka of <em>sthā</em>,prob.contracted fr.ubbhaṭṭhitaka] standing erect or upright D.I,167; M.I,78,92,282,308,343; A.I,296; II,206; Pug.55 (ubb°; = uddhaṁ ṭhitaka PugA 233).(Page 153),11,1
  13408. 427738,en,15,ubbhava,ubbhava,Ubbhava,Ubbhava,[ud + bhava] birth,origination,production Pgdp 91 (dānassa phal°).Cp.BSk.udbhāvanā Divy 184 (guṇ°) 492 (id.).(Page 153),7,1
  13409. 427754,en,15,ubbhida,ubbhida,Ubbhida,Ubbhida,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.ud + <em>bhid</em>] breaking or bursting forth,in cpd.<i>°odaka</i> “whose waters well up”,or “spring water” D.I,74; M.I,276; DA.I,218.(Page 154),7,1
  13410. 427755,en,15,ubbhida,ubbhida,Ubbhida,Ubbhida,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Sk.udbhida] kitchen salt Vin.I,202,cp.Vin Texts II.48.(Page 154),7,1
  13411. 427789,en,15,ubbhijjati,ubbhijjati,Ubbhijjati,Ubbhijjati,[ud + <em>bhid</em>] to burst upwards,to spring up out of the ground,to well up; to sprout D.I,74 = M.III,93 = III,26; J.I,18 (V.104); Dh.339 (ger.ubbhijja = uppajitvā DhA.IV,49); DA.I,218.-- pp.<i>ubbhinna</i>.(Page 154),10,1
  13412. 427809,en,15,ubbhinna,ubbhinna,Ubbhinna,Ubbhinna,[pp.of ubbhijjati] springing up,welling up Dh.I,218.(Page 154),8,1
  13413. 427825,en,15,ubbhujati,ubbhujati,Ubbhujati,Ubbhujati,[ud + <em>bhuj</em>] to bend up,to lift up (forcibly),ger.<i>°itvā</i> in meaning of “forcibly” Vin.II,222; III,40.(Page 154),9,1
  13414. 427849,en,15,ubbigga,ubbigga,Ubbigga,Ubbigga,[Sk.udvigna,pp.of ud + <em>vij</em>] agitated,flurried,anxious Vin.II,184; S.I,53; Th.1,408; J.I,486; III,313; Miln.23,236,340 (an°); Vism.54 (satat°); DhA.II,27; ThA.267; Sdhp.8,77.(Page 153),7,1
  13415. 427873,en,15,ubbijjana,ubbijjanā,Ubbijjanā,Ubbijjanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ubbijjati] agitation,uneasiness DA.I,111.Cp.ubbega.(Page 153),9,1
  13416. 427886,en,15,ubbijjati,ubbijjati,Ubbijjati,Ubbijjati,[Pass.of ud + <em>vij</em>] to be agitated,frightened or afraid Vin.I,74 (u.uttasati palāyati); III,145 (id.); S.I,228 (aor.ubbijji); Miln.149 (tasati +),286 (+ saṁviji); Vism.58.-- Caus.<i>ubbejeti</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>ubbigga</i> (q.v.).(Page 153),9,1
  13417. 427909,en,15,ubbilapa,ubbilāpa,Ubbilāpa,Ubbilāpa,(v.l.uppilāva,which is prob.the correct reading] joyous state of mind,elation Ud.37.See next.(Page 153),8,1
  13418. 427921,en,15,ubbilavita,ubbilāvita,Ubbilāvita,Ubbilāvita,(according to the very plausible expl<sup>n.</sup> given by Morris J P T S.1887,137 sq.for uppilāpita,pp.of uppilāpeti = uplāpeti ‹ uplāveti,as expl<sup>d.</sup> under uppilavati,ud + <em>plu</em><i>;</i> with ll for l after cases like Sk.ālīyate › P.allīyati,ālāpa › allāpa etc.,and bb for pp as in vanibbaka = Sk.vanīpaka (*vanipp°)] happy,elated,buoyant,ltt.frisky; only in cpds.<i>°atta</i> rejoicing,exultancy,elation of mind D.I,3,37; J III 466; Miln.183; DA.I,53,122; and <i>°ākāra</i> id.DhA.I,237.At Vism.158 “cetaso ubbilāvitaṁ” stands for ubbilāvitattaṁ,with v.l.BB uppilāvitaṁ.Cp.J.V,114 (ubbilāvita-cittatā).(Page 153),10,1
  13419. 427935,en,15,ubbilla,ubbilla,Ubbilla,Ubbilla,[either a secondary formation fr.ubbilāvita,or representing uppilava (uppilāva) for upplava,ud + <i>plu</i>,as discussed under ubbilāvita.The BSk.word udvilya Lal.V.351,357,or audvilya Divy 82 is an artificial reconstruction from the Pāli,after the equation of Sk.dvādaśa › dial.P.bārasa,whereas the original Sk.dv.is in regular P.represented by dd,as in dvīpa › dīpa,*udvāpa › uddāpa.Müller’s construction ubbilla › *udvela rests on the same grounds,see P.Gr.12.] elation,elated state of mind M.III,159; <i>°bhāva</i> id.DA.I,122; Sdhp.167.See next.(Page 153),7,1
  13420. 427945,en,15,ubbinaya,ubbinaya,Ubbinaya,Ubbinaya,(adj.) [ud + vinaya] being outside the Vinaya,ex- or un-Vinaya,wrong Vinaya Vin.II,307; Dpvs.V,19.(Page 153),8,1
  13421. 427956,en,15,ubbisati,ubbisati,Ubbisati,Ubbisati,[better reading v.l.ubbasati,ud + <em>vas</em>] “to be out home”,to live away from home J.II,76.-- See also <i>ubbāsīyati</i>.-- pp.<i>ubbisita</i> (°kāle) ibid.(Page 153),8,1
  13422. 427960,en,15,ubbulhavant,ubbūḷhavant,Ubbūḷhavant,Ubbūḷhavant,see <i>uruḷhavant</i>.(Page 153),11,1
  13423. 427980,en,15,ubhato,ubhato,Ubhato,Ubhato,(adv.) [Abl.of *ubha,to which ubhaya &#38; ubho] both,twofold,in both (or two) ways,on both sides; usually °-,as <i>°bhāgavimutta</i> one who is emancipated in two ways D.II,71; Dialogues II.70,n.1; M.I,477 (cp.385 °vimaṭṭha); S.I,191; A.I,73; IV,10,77; Png 14,73; Nett 190; <i>°byañjanaka</i> (vyañj°) having the characteristics of both sexes,hermaphrodite Vin.I,89,136,168; III,28; V,222; <i>°saṅgha</i> twofold Saṅgha,viz.bhikkhu° &#38; bhikkhunī Vin.II,255; IV,52,242,287; Mhvs 32<sup>34</sup>.‹-› See further Vin.II,287 (°vinaye); D.I,7 (°lohitaka,cp.DA.I,87); M.I,57 (°mukha tied up at both ends),129 (°daṇḍakakakaca a saw with teeth on both sides),393 (koṭiko pañho; S.IV,323 (id.).(Page 154),6,1
  13424. 428133,en,15,ubhaya,ubhaya,Ubhaya,Ubhaya,(adj.) [*ubha + ya,see ubho] both,twofold Sn.547,628,712,1106,1107,801 (°ante); Nd<sup>1</sup> 109 (°ante); J.I,52; PvA.11,24,35,51.-- nt.<i>°ṁ</i> as adv.in comb<sup>n.</sup> with ca c’ûbhayaṁ following after 2<sup>nd.</sup> part of comprehension) “and both” for both-and; and also,alike,as well Dh.404 (gahaṭṭhehi anāgārehi c’ûbhayaṁ with householders and houseless alike); Pv.I,6<sup>9</sup>.-- Note.The form ubhayo at Pv.II,3<sup>10</sup> is to be regarded as fem.pl.of ubho (= duve PvA.86).<br><br> <i>--aṁsa</i> lit.both shoulders or both parts,i.e.completely,thoroughly,all round (°-) in °bhāvita thoroughly trained D.I,154 (cp.DA.I,312 ubhaya-koṭṭhāsāya bhāvito).(Page 154),6,1
  13425. 428400,en,15,ubhayattha,ubhayattha,Ubhayattha,Ubhayattha,[adv.) [Sk.ubhayatra,fr.ubhaya] in both places,in both cases Vin.I,107; A.III,64; Dh.15--17; DhA.I,29 (°ettha),30; PvA.130.(Page 154),10,1
  13426. 428459,en,15,ubho,ubho,Ubho,Ubho,(udj.) [Sk.ubhau,an old remnant of a dual form in Pāli; cp.Gr.a)/mfw both,Lat.ambo,Lith.abū,Goth.bai,Ohg.beide = E.both.To prep.-adv.*amb,*ambi; see abhi &#38; cp.also vīsati] both; Nom.Acc.ubho S.I,87 = A.III,48 = It.16; It.43 = Sn.661 = Dh.306; Sn.220,543,597; Dh.74,256,269; 412; Nd<sup>1</sup> 109; Pv.I,7<sup>6</sup>; J.I,223; II,3; PvA.13,82 (tā ubho).-- <i>ubhantaṁ</i> both ends,both sides Sn.1042 (see Nd<sup>2</sup> 169; SnA.588 expl<sup>s.</sup> by ubho ante).-- Gen.<i>ubhinnaṁ</i> S.I,162; II,222; J.II,3; Instr.<i>ubhohi</i> (hatthehi) Vin.II,256; J.IV,142; Loc.<i>ubhosu</i> Sn.778 (antesu); J.I,264 (passesu; PvA.94 (hatthesu).‹-› Note.The form <i>ubhayo</i> at Pv.II,3<sup>10</sup> is to be regarded as a Nom.fem.(= duve PvA.86).(Page 154),4,1
  13427. 428475,en,15,ucca,ucca,Ucca,Ucca,(adj.) [For udya,adj.formation from prep.ud above,up] high (opp.avaca low) D.I,194; M.II,213; A.V,82 (°ṭhāniyaṁ nīce ṭhāne ṭhapeti puts on a low place which ought to be placed high); Pv IV.7<sup>4</sup> (uccaṁ paggayha lifting high up = uccataraṁ katvā PvA.265); Pug.52,58; DA.I,135; PvA.176.<br><br> <i>--âvaca</i> high and low,various,manifold Vin.I,70,203; J.IV,115,363 (= mahaggha-samaggha C.p.366); Sn.703,714,792,959; Dh.83; Nd<sup>1</sup> 93,467; Vv 12<sup>1</sup> (= vividha VvA.60); 31<sup>1</sup>.<i>--kulīnatā</i> high birth A.III,48 (cp.uccā°).(Page 127),4,1
  13428. 428483,en,15,ucca,uccā,Uccā,Uccā,(°-) (adv.) [cp.Sk.uccā,Instr.sg.of uccaṁ,cp.paścā behind,as well as uccaiḥ Instr.pl.-- In BSk.we find ucca° (uccakulīna Av.Ś III,117) as well as uccaṁ (uccaṁgama Divy 476).It is in all cases restricted to cpds.] high (lit. &#38; fig.),raised,in foll.cpds.<br><br> <i>--kaṇerukā</i> a tall female elephant M.I,178.<i>--kāḷārikā</i> id.M.I,178 (v.l.°kaḷārikā to be preferred).<i>--kula</i> a high,noble family Pv III,1<sup>16</sup> (= uccā khattiya-kul-âdino PvA.176).<i>--kulīnatā</i> birth in a high-class family,high rank M.III,37; VvA.32.<i>--sadda</i> a loud noise D.I,143,178; A.III,30.<i>--sayana</i> a high bed (+ mahāsayana) Vin.I,192; D.I,5,7; cp.DA.I,78.(Page 127),4,1
  13429. 428490,en,15,uccaka,uccaka,Uccaka,Uccaka,(adj.) [fr.ucca] high Vin.II,149 (āsandikā a kind of high chair).(Page 127),6,1
  13430. 428553,en,15,uccalinga,uccāliṅga,Uccāliṅga,Uccāliṅga,[etym.?] a maw-worm Vin.III,38,112; J.II,146.(Page 127),9,1
  13431. 428593,en,15,uccara,uccāra,Uccāra,Uccāra,[Ud.+ <em>car</em>] discharge,excrement,faeces Vin.III,36 (°ṁ gacchati to go to stool); IV,265,266 (uccāro nāma gūtho vuccati); DhA.II,56 (°karaṇa defecation); uccārapassāva faeces &#38; urine D.I,70; M.I,83; J.I,5; II,19.(Page 127),6,1
  13432. 428615,en,15,uccarana,uccāranā,Uccāranā,Uccāranā,(f.) [fr.uccāreti] lifting up,raising Vin.III,121.(Page 127),8,1
  13433. 428673,en,15,uccareti,uccāreti,Uccāreti,Uccāreti,[ud + cāreti,Caus.of <em>car</em>] to lift up,raise aloft Vin.III,81; IV,147 = DhA.III,50; M.I,135.-- pp.<i>uccārita</i> (q.v.).(Page 127),8,1
  13434. 428687,en,15,uccarita,uccārita,Uccārita,Uccārita,[pp.of uccāreti] -- 1.uttered,let out PvA.280 (akkharāni).-- 2.lifted,raised ThA.255.(Page 127),8,1
  13435. 428749,en,15,uccatta,uccatta,Uccatta,Uccatta,(nt.) [fr.ucca = Sk.uccatvaṁ] height J.III,318.(Page 127),7,1
  13436. 428788,en,15,uccaya,uccaya,Uccaya,Uccaya,[fr.ud + <em>ci</em>,see cināti; Sk.uccaya] heaping up,heap,pile,accumulation Dh.115,191,192; Vv 47<sup>11</sup>; 82<sup>7</sup> (= cetiya VvA.321); DhA.III,5,9; DhsA.41 (pāpassa).<i>--siluccaya</i> a mountain Th.1,692; J.I,29 (V.209); VI,272,278; Dāvs.V,63.(Page 127),6,1
  13437. 428805,en,15,ucchadana,ucchādana,Ucchādana,Ucchādana,(nt.) [ut + <em>sād</em>,Caus.of <em>sad</em>,sīdati,cp.ussada] rubbing the limbs,anointing the body with perfumes shampooing D.I,7,76; at the latter passage in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>anicc°-dhamma</i>,of the body,meaning “erosion,decay”,and comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>parimaddana</i> abrasion (see about detail of meaning Dial.I.87); thus in same formula at M.I,500; S.IV,83; J.I,146 &#38; passim; A.I,62; II,70 (+ nahāpana); IV,54,386; It.111; Th.2,89 (nahāpan°); Miln.241 (°parimaddana) 315 (+ nahāpana); DA.I,88.(Page 127),9,1
  13438. 428836,en,15,ucchadeti,ucchādeti,Ucchādeti,Ucchādeti,[fr.ut + <em>sād</em>,see ucchādana] to rub the body with perfumes J.VI,298; Miln.241 (+ parimaddati nahāpeti); DA.I,88.(Page 127),9,1
  13439. 428851,en,15,ucchanga,ucchaṅga,Ucchaṅga,Ucchaṅga,[Sk.utsaṅga,ts › cch like Sk.utsahate › BSk.ucchahate see ussahati] the hip,the lap Vin.I,225; M.I,366; A.I,130 (°pañña); J.I,5,308; II,412; III,22; IV,38,151; Pug.31; Vism.279; DhA.II,72.(Page 127),8,1
  13440. 428885,en,15,uccheda,uccheda,Uccheda,Uccheda,[fr.ud + <em>chid</em>,<i> </i><em>chind</em>,see ucchindati &#38; cp.cheda] breaking up,disintegration,perishing (of the soul) Vin.III,2 (either after this life,or after kāmadeva life,or after brahmadeva life) D.I,34,55; S.IV,323; Nd<sup>1</sup> 324; Miln.413; Nett 95,112,160; DA.I,120.<br><br> <i>--diṭṭhi</i> the doctrine of the annihilation (of the soul),as opp.to sassata- or atta-diṭṭhi (the continuance of the soul after death) S.II,20; III,99,110 sq; Ps.I,150,158; Nd<sup>1</sup> 248 (opp.sassati°); Dhs.1316; Nett 40,127; SnA 523 (opp.atta°).<i>--vāda</i> (adj.) one who professes the doctrine of annihilation (ucchedadiṭṭhi) Vin.I,235; III,2; D.I,34,55; S.II,18; IV,401; A.IV,174,182 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 282; Pug.38.<i>--vādin</i> = °vāda Nett 111; J.V,244.(Page 127),7,1
  13441. 428934,en,15,ucchedana,ucchedana,Ucchedana,Ucchedana,(adj.) [fr.ud + <em>chid</em>] cutting off,destroying; f.<i>°anī</i> J.V,16 (surā).(Page 128),9,1
  13442. 428971,en,15,ucchedin,ucchedin,Ucchedin,Ucchedin,(adj.) an adherent of the ucchedavāda J.V,241.(Page 128),8,1
  13443. 428977,en,15,ucchepaka,ucchepaka,Ucchepaka,Ucchepaka,(nt.) [= ucchiṭṭhaka in sense of ucchiṭṭhabhatta] leavings of food M.II,7 (v.l.uccepaka with cc for cch as ucciṭṭha:ucchiṭṭha).The passage is to be read ucchepake va te ratā.A diff.connotation would be implied by taking ucchepaka = uñchā,as Neumann does (Majjhima trsl.<sup>2</sup> II.682).(Page 128),9,1
  13444. 429024,en,15,ucchindati,ucchindati,Ucchindati,Ucchindati,[ud + <em>chid</em>,see chindati] to break up,destroy,annihilate S.V,432 (bhavataṇhaṁ),A.IV,17 (fut.ucchecchāmi to be read with v.l.for T.ucchejjissāmi); Sn.2 (pret.udacchida),208 (ger.ucchijja); J.V,383; Dh.285.‹-› Pass.<i>ucchijjati</i> to be destroyed or annihilated,to cease to exist S.IV,309; J.V,242,467; Miln.192; PvA.63,130 (= na pavattati),253 (= natthi).-- pp.<i>ucchinna</i> (q.v.).(Page 127),10,1
  13445. 429041,en,15,ucchinna,ucchinna,Ucchinna,Ucchinna,[pp.of ucchindati] broken up,destroyed S.III,10; A.V,32; Sn.746.Cp.sam°.(Page 127),8,1
  13446. 429074,en,15,ucchittha,ucchiṭṭha,Ucchiṭṭha,Ucchiṭṭha,[pp.of ud + <em>śiṣ</em>] left,left over,rejected,thrown out; impure,vile Vin.II,115 (°odakaṁ); IV,266 (id.); J.II,83 (bhattaṁ ucchiṭṭhaṁ akatvā),126 (°nadī impure; also itthi outcast),363; IV,386 (°ṁ piṇḍaṁ),388; VI,508; Miln.315; DhA.I,52; II,85; III,208; PvA.80 (= chaḍḍita),173 (°bhattaṁ).At J.IV,433 read ucch° for <i>ucciṭṭha</i>.<i> --an°</i> not touched or thrown away (of food) J.III,257; DhA.II,3.-- See also <i>uttiṭṭha </i>&<i> ucchepaka</i>.(Page 127),9,1
  13447. 429098,en,15,ucchitthaka,ucchiṭṭhaka,Ucchiṭṭhaka,Ucchiṭṭhaka,(fr.ucchiṭṭha) = ucchiṭṭha J.IV,386; VI,63,509.(Page 127),11,1
  13448. 429144,en,15,ucchu,ucchu,Ucchu,Ucchu,[Sk.cp.Vedic Np.Ikṣvāku fr.ikṣu] sugar-cane Vin.IV,35; A.III,76; IV,279; Miln.46; DhA.IV,199 (°ūnaṁ yanta sugar-cane mill),PvA.257,260; VvA.124.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> (ucch°) top of s.c.Vism.172.<i>--khaṇḍikā</i> a bit of sugar-cane Vv 33<sup>26</sup>.<i>--khādana</i> eating s.c.Vism.70.<i>--khetta</i> sugar-cane field J.I,339; VvA.256.<i>--gaṇṭhikā</i> a kind of sugar-cane,Batatas Paniculata J.I,339; VI,114 (so read for °ghaṭika).<i>--pāla</i> watchman of s.-c.VvA.256.<i>--pīḷana</i>,cane-pressing,Asl.274.<i>--puṭa</i> sugar-cane basket J.IV,363.<i>--bīja</i> seed of s.-c.A.I,32; V,213.<i>--yantra</i> a sugar-mill J.I,339.<i>--rasa</i> s.-c.juice Vin.I,246; Vism.489; VvA.180 <i>--vāta</i>,Asl.274.<i>--sālā</i>,Asl.274.(Page 127),5,1
  13449. 429290,en,15,uccinati,uccināti,Uccināti,Uccināti,[ud + cināti] to select,choose,search,gather,pick out or up Vin.I,73; II,285 (aor.uccini); J.IV,9; Pv III,2 <sup>4</sup> (nantake = gavesana-vasena gahetvāna PvA.185); Dpvs.IV,2.(Page 127),8,1
  13450. 429324,en,15,ud-,ud-,Ud-,Ud-,[Vedic ud-; Goth.ūt = Ohg.ūz = E.out,Oir.ud-; cp.Lat.ūsque “from-unto” &#38; Gr.u(ζteros = Sk.uttara) prefix in verbal &#38; nominal comb<sup>n.</sup> One half of all the words beginning with u° are comb<sup>ns.</sup> with ud°,which in comp<sup>n.</sup> appears modified according to the rules of assimilation as prevailing in Pāli.-- I.Original meaning “out in an upward direction”,out of,forth; like ummujjati to rise up out of (water),ujjalati to blaze up high; udeti to come out of &#38; go up; ukkaṇṭha stretching one’s neck out high (cp.Ger.“empor”); uggilati to “swallow up”,i.e.spit out.-- The opposites of ud- are represented by either <i>ava</i> or <i>o°</i> (see under II. &#38; IV. &#38; cp.ucc-âvaca; uddhambhāgiya:orambhāgiya),ni (see below) or vi (as udaya:vi-aya or vaya).-- II.Hence develop 2 clearly defined meanings,viz.(1) out,out of,away from --:°aṇha (“day-out”); °agga (“top-out”); °āgacchati; °ikkhati look out for,expect; °kantati tear out; °khitta thrown off; °khipati pick out; °gacchati come out; °gamaṇa rising (opp.o°); °gajjati shout out; °gilati (opp.o°); °ghoseti shout out; °cināti pick out; °chiṭṭha thrown out; °jagghati laugh at,cp.Ger.aus-lachen °tatta smelted out; °tāna stretched out; °dāleti tear out; °dhaṭa lifted out,drawn out; °disati point out to; °drīyati pull out; °pajjati to be produced; °patti &#38; °pāda coming out,origin,birth; °paṭipatiyā out of reach; °paḷāseti sound out; °phāsulika “ribs out”; etc.etc.-- (2) up (high) or high up,upwards,on to (cp.ucca high,uttara higher) --:°kujja erect (opp.ava°); °kūla sloping up (opp.vi°); °khipati throw-up,°gaṇhāti take up; °chindati cut up; °javati go up-stream,°javana id.(opp.o°); uñña pride; °thāna “standing up” °ṭhita got up; °tarati come out,go up (opp.o°); °nata raised up,high (opp.o°); °nama e-levation; °nāmin raised (opp.ni°); °patati fly up; etc.etc.-- III,More specialised meanings (from elliptical or figurative use) are:(1) ud° = without,“ex-”,e.g.unnaṅgala “outplough” = without a plough; uppabbajita an ex-bhikkhu.‹-› (2) ud° = off,i.e.out of the way,wrong,e.g.uppatha a wrong road,ummagga id.-- (3) ud° = out of the ordinary,i.e.exceedingly,e.g.ujjaṅgala extremely dusty; uppanduka very pale; uppoṭheti to beat hard.-- IV.Dialectical variations &#38; combinations.-- (1) Owing to semantic affinity we often find an interchange between <i>ud°</i> and <i>ava°</i> (cp.E.break up = break down,grind up or down,tie up or down),according to different points of view.This wavering between the two prefixes was favoured by the fact that o always had shown an unstable tendency &#38; had often been substituted for or replaced by ū,which in its place was reduced to u before a double consonant,thus doing away with the diff.between <i>ū </i>&<i> u</i> or <i>o </i>&<i> u</i>.For comparison see the foll.:ukkamati &#38; okk°; uññā:avañña; uddiyati:odd°; uḍḍeyya oḍḍ°; uppīḷeti:opīḷ°; etc., &#38; cp.abbhokirati › abbhukkirati.-- (2) the most freq.comb<sup>ns.</sup> that ud° enters into are those with the intensifying prefixes <i>abhi°</i> and <i>sam°</i>; see e.g.abhi + ud (= abbhud°) + gacchati,°jalati; °ṭhāti; °namati etc.; sam + ud + eti; °kamati; °chindati; °tejeti; °pajjati etc.(Page 132),3,1
  13451. 429334,en,15,uda,uda,Uda,Uda,<sup>2</sup> (°-) [Vedic udan (nt.),also later uda (but only °-),commonly udaka,q.v.] water,wave.In cpds.sometimes the older form udan° is preserved (like udañjala,udaññavant),but generally it has been substituted by the later uda° (see under udakaccha,udakanti,udakumbha,udapatta,udapāna,udabindu).(Page 132),3,1
  13452. 429335,en,15,uda,uda,Uda,Uda,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [Sk.uta &#38; u,with Lat.aut (or),Gr.au(_ti (again),au)taρ (but,or),Goth.auk = Ger.auch to pron.base ava° yonder,cp.ava II.] disjunctive part.“or”; either singly,as at Sn.455,955,1090; J.V,478 (v.l.udāhu); Nd<sup>1</sup> 445 (expl<sup>d.</sup> as “padasandhi” with same formula as iti,q.v.); Pv.II,12<sup>16</sup> (kāyena uda cetasā); or comb<sup>d.</sup> with other synonymous particles,as <i>uda vā</i> at Sn.193,842,1075; It.82 = 117 (caraṁ vā yadi vā tiṭṭhaṁ nisinno uda vā sayaṁ walking or standing,sitting or lying down); KhA 191.-- See also <i>udāhu</i>.(Page 132),3,1
  13453. 429352,en,15,udabbahe,udabbahe,Udabbahe,Udabbahe,3<sup>rd</sup> sg.Pot.of ubbahati [ud + <em>bṛh</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>,see also abbahati] to draw out,tear out,remove Th.1,158; Sn.583 (= ubbaheyya dhāreyya (?) SnA 460); J.II,223 (= udabbaheyya C.); VI,587 (= hareyya C.); aor.<i>udabbahi</i> Vin.IV,5.(Page 133),8,1
  13454. 429364,en,15,udabbhadhi,udabbhadhi,Udabbhadhi,Udabbhadhi,aor.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.of <i>ubbadhati</i> [ud + <em>vadh</em>] to destroy,kill Sn.4 (= ucchindanto vadhati SnA 18).(Page 133),10,1
  13455. 429366,en,15,udabindu,udabindu,Udabindu,Udabindu,[uda + bindu] a drop of water M.I,78; Sn.812; Dh.121,122,336; It.84 (v.l.udaka°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 135; SnA 114; DhA.II,51.(Page 133),8,1
  13456. 429374,en,15,udacchida,udacchidā,Udacchidā,Udacchidā,3<sup>rd</sup> sg.praet.of ucchindati to break up Sn.2,3 (°ā metri causa).(Page 133),9,1
  13457. 429386,en,15,udadhi,udadhi,Udadhi,Udadhi,[uda + <em>dhi</em>,lit.water-container] the sea,ocean S.I,67; It.86; Sn.720; J.V,326; VI,526; ThA.289; VvA.155 (“udakaṁ ettha dhīyatī ti udadhi”); Sdhp.322,577.(Page 133),6,1
  13458. 429393,en,15,udagacchati,udāgacchati,Udāgacchati,Udāgacchati,[ud + ā + gacchati] to come to completion Da I.288.Cp sam.(Page 134),11,1
  13459. 429403,en,15,udagga,udagga,Udagga,Udagga,(adj.) [ud + agga,lit.“out-top”,cp.Sk.udagra] topmost,high,lofty Th.1,110; fig.elated,exalted,exultant,joyful,happy D.I,110 (°citta); Sn.689 (+ sumana),1028 (id.); Pv IV.1<sup>55</sup> (attamana +); IV,5<sup>8</sup> (haṭṭha +); Miln.248; DhA.II,42 (haṭṭha-pahaṭṭha udagg-udagga in high glee &#38; jubilant); Vism.346 (id.); Sdhp.323.See also der.<i>odagya</i>.(Page 133),6,1
  13460. 429416,en,15,udaggata,udaggatā,Udaggatā,Udaggatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.udagga] exaltation,jubilation,glee Sdhp.298.(Page 133),8,1
  13461. 429421,en,15,udaggi°,udaggi°,Udaggi°,Udaggi°,in udaggihuttaṁ [= ud + aggi + hutta,cp.Vedic agnihotra] the fire prepared (for sacrifice) J.V,396 (= uda-aggihuttaṁ C.wrongly),lit.“the sacrifice (being) out” (Page 133),7,1
  13462. 429443,en,15,udahara,udāhāra,Udāhāra,Udāhāra,[fr.udāharati] utterance,speech DA.I,140 (°ṁ udāhari = udānaṁ udānesi); Pug.A 223,(Page 134),7,1
  13463. 429454,en,15,udaharaka,udahāraka,Udahāraka,Udahāraka,[uda + hāraka] a water-carrier J.II,80.(Page 134),9,1
  13464. 429465,en,15,udaharana,udāharaṇa,Udāharaṇa,Udāharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.udāharati] example,instance J.III,401 (°ṁ āharitvā dassento),510; Miln.345; SnA 445; VvA.297.(Page 134),9,1
  13465. 429506,en,15,udaharati,udāharati,Udāharati,Udāharati,[ud + ā + <em>hṛ</em>] to utter,recite.speak.Sn.389; J.III,289; DA.I,140 (see udāhāra).-- pp <i>udāhaṭa</i> (q.v.).Cp.pariy°.(Page 134),9,1
  13466. 429538,en,15,udahariya,udahāriya,Udahāriya,Udahāriya,(adj.) [fr.udahāra fetching of water,uda + <i>hṛ</i>] going for water Vv 50<sup>9</sup>.(Page 134),9,1
  13467. 429559,en,15,udahata,udāhaṭa,Udāhaṭa,Udāhaṭa,[pp of udāharati] uttered,spoken; called,quoted Pug.41.(Page 134),7,1
  13468. 429578,en,15,udahu,udāhu,Udāhu,Udāhu,(indecl.) [uta + āho,cp.P.uda &#38; aho and Sk.utāro] disjunctive-adversative particle “or”,in direct questions D I 157; II,8; Sn.599,875,885; J.I,20,83; VvA.258 (= ādu); PvA.33,51; Miln.10.-- The first part of the question is often introduced with <i>kiṁ</i>,while <i>udāhu</i> follows in the second (disjunctive) part,e.g.kin nakkhattaṁ kīḷissasi udāhu bhatiṁ karissasi VvA.63; kiṁ amhehi saddhiṁ āgamissasi udāhu pacchā will you come with us or later? DhA.II,96:See under kiṁ.-- Often comb<sup>d</sup> with other expletive particles,e.g.udāhu ve Sn.1075,1077; udāhu no Sn.347; eva ...no udāhu (so ...or not) D.I,152; (ayaṁ) nu kho -- udāhu (ayaṁ) is it (this) -- (this) Vism.313.(Page 134),5,1
  13469. 429592,en,15,udaka,udaka,Udaka,Udaka,(nt.) [Vedic udaka,uda + ka (see uda<sup>2</sup>),of Idg.*ǔed,*ud,fuller form *eǔed (as in Sk.odatī,odman flood,odana gruel,q.v.); cp.Sk.unatti,undati to water,udra = Av.udra = Ags.otor = E.otter (“water-animal”); Gr.u(/dwr water (“hydro”),u(/dra hydra (“water-animal”); Lat.unda wave; Goth.watō = Ohg.wazzar = E.water; Obulg.voda water,vydra otter) water Vin.II,120,213; D.II,15 (°assa dhārā gushes or showers of w.); Dh.80,145; J.I,212; Pv.I,5<sup>7</sup>; Pug.31,32; Miln.318; VvA.20 (udake temanaṁ aggimhe tāpanaṁ); DhA.I,289; DhA.III,176,256; PvA.39,70.-- Syn.ambu,ela,jala etc.‹-› The comp<sup>n.</sup> form (-°) is either <i>ûdaka</i> (āsanûdaka-dāyin J.IV,435) or <i>°odaka</i> (pādodaka water for the feet PvA.78).<i>odaka</i> occurs also in abs.form (q.v.),cp.also <i>oka</i>.Bdgh.’s kaṁ = udakaṁ,tena dāritan:kandaran ti is a false etymology; DA.I,209.<br><br> <i>--aṇṇava</i> water-flood M.I,134.<i>--āyatika</i> a water-pipe Vin.II,123.<i>--āḷhaka</i> a certain measure of water,an āḷhaka of w.S.V,400; A.II,55 = III,337; VvA.155.<i>--ûpama</i> resembling water,like water A.IV,11 (puggala).<i>--ogāhana</i> plunging into water J.III,235.<i>--ogha</i> a water flood VvA.48.<i>--orohaka</i> descending into water,bathing; N.of a class of ascetics,lit.“bather” M.I,281; S.IV,312; A.V,263.<i>--orohaṇa</i> plunging into water,taking a bath,bathing D.I,167; S.I,182; A.I,296; II,206; J.IV,299; Pug.55.<i>--kalaha</i> the “water dispute” DhA.III,256.<i>--kāka</i> a water crow J.II,441.<i>--kicca</i> libation of water,lit.water-performance; cleansing,washing D.II,15.<i>--kīḷā</i> sporting in the w.J.VI,420.<i>--gahaṇasāṭaka</i> bathing-gown J.V,477.<i>--ghaṭa</i> a water pitcher PvA.66.<i>--cāṭi</i> a water jar DhA.I,52.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> a stand for water Vin.II,120.<i>--tumba</i> a water vessel J.II,441; DA.I,202; DhA.II,193.<i>--telaka</i> an oily preparation mixed with water Vin.II,107.<i>--dantapoṇa</i> water for rinsing the mouth &#38; tooth-cleaner Vin.III,51; IV,90,92,233; J.IV,69.<i>--daha</i> a lake (of water) D.I,45.<i>--doṇikā</i> a water-tub or trough Vin.II,220.<i>--dhārā</i> a shower of water Ps.I,125; J.IV,351.<i>--niddhamana</i> a water spout or drain Vin.II,120,123; DhA.II,37.<i>--nibbāhana</i> an aquaduct Miln.295.<i>--paṭiggaha</i> receiving or accepting water Vin.II,213.<i>--patta</i> a waterbowl Vin.II,107; D.I,80; S.III,105.<i>--puñchanī</i> a towel Vin.II,122.<i>--posita</i> fed or nourished by water VvA.173.<i>--phusita</i> a drop of water S.II,135.<i>--bindu</i> a drop of w.It.84 (v.l.for udabindu); PvA.99.<i>--bubbula</i> a w.bubble A.IV,137; Vism.109,479 (in comp.).<i>--bhasta</i> devoid of water ThA.212 (for anodaka Th.2,265).<i>--maṇika</i> a water-pot Vin.I,227; M.I,354; A.III,27; Miln.28; DhA.I,79.<i>--mallaka</i> a cup for w.A.I,250.<i>--rakkhasa</i> a water-sprite DhA.III,74.<i>--rahada</i> a lake (of w.) D.I,74,84; A.I,9; II,105; III,25; Sn.467; Pug.47.<i>--rūha</i> a water plant Vv 35<SUP>Q</SUP>.<i>--lekhā</i> writing on w.A.I,283 = Pug.32 (in simile °ûpama like writing on w.; cp.Pug.A 215).<i>--vāra</i> “waterturn”,i.e.fetching water DhA.I,49.<i>--vāraka</i> bucket S.II,118.<i>--vāha</i> a flow of water,flowing w.J.VI,162.<i>--vāhaka</i> rise or swelling (lit.carrying or pulling along (of water),overflowing,flood A.I,178.<i>--vāhana</i> pulling up water Vin.II,122 (°rajju).<i>--sadda</i> sound of water Dhs.621.<i>--sarāvaka</i> a saucer for w.Vin.II,120.<i>--sāṭaka</i> = sāṭikā J.II,13.<i>--sāṭikā</i> “water-cloak”,a bathing-mantle Vin.I,292; II,272; IV,279 (= yāya nivatthā nhāyati C.); DhA.II,61 (T.°sāṭaka).<i>--suddhika</i> ablution with water (after passing urine) Vin.IV,262 (= mutta-karaṇassa dhovanā C.).(Page 132),5,1
  13470. 429667,en,15,udakaccha,udakaccha,Udakaccha,Udakaccha,[uda + kaccha] watery soil,swamp J.V,137.(Page 133),9,1
  13471. 430561,en,15,udakumbha,udakumbha,Udakumbha,Udakumbha,[uda + kumbha] a water jug J.I,20; Dh.121,122; Pv.I,12<sup>9</sup>.(Page 133),9,1
  13472. 430596,en,15,udana,udāna,Udāna,Udāna,(nt.) [fr.ud + <em>an</em> to breathe] -- 1.“breathing out”,exulting cry,i e.an utterance,mostly in metrical form,inspired by a particularly intense emotion,whether it be joyful or sorrowful (cp.K.S.p.29 n.2) D.I,50,92; S.I,20,27,82,160; A.I,67; J.I,76; Pug.43,62; Nett 174; PvA.67; Sdhp.514.-- The utterance of such an inspired thought is usually introduced with the standing phrase <i>“imaṁ udānaṁ udānesi”</i> i.e.breathed forth this solemn utterance [Cp.BSk.udānaṁ udānayati Divy 99 etc.],e.g.at Vin.I,2 sq.,12,230,353; D.I,47; II,107 (udāna of triumph); S.III,55; Mhvs XIX.29; DA.I,140; Ud.1 passim; SnA 354 (“the familiar quotation about the sakyas”).Occasionally (later) we find other phrases,as e.g.udānaṁ pavatti J.I,61; abhāsi Vin.IV,54; kathesi J.VI,38.-- 2.one of the aṅgas or categories of the Buddhist Scriptures:see under <i>nava </i>&<i> aṅga</i>.-- Cp.vodāna.(Page 134),5,1
  13473. 430646,en,15,udancana,udañcana,Udañcana,Udañcana,(nt.) [fr.ud + <em>añc</em>,see añchati] a bucket for drawing water out of a well DhA.I,94.(Page 133),8,1
  13474. 430662,en,15,udancanin,udañcanin,Udañcanin,Udañcanin,(adj.-n.) [ud + añcanin to <em>añc</em> see añchati] draining,pulling up water f.<i>°ī</i> a bucket or pail J.I,417 (f.°ī).(Page 133),9,1
  13475. 430678,en,15,udaneti,udāneti,Udāneti,Udāneti,[denom.f.udāna,cp.BSk.udānayati] to breathe out or forth,usually in phrase udānaṁ udānesi:see under udāna<sup>1</sup>.Absolutely only at J.III,218.(Page 134),7,1
  13476. 430692,en,15,udangana,udaṅgaṇa,Udaṅgaṇa,Udaṅgaṇa,(nt.) [ud + aṅgaṇa<sup>1</sup>; Kern unnecessarily changes it to uttaṅkana “a place for digging for water” see Toev.p.96] an open place J.I,109.(Page 133),8,1
  13477. 430699,en,15,udanha,udaṇha,Udaṇha,Udaṇha,[ud + aṇha] day-break,dawn,sunrise J.V,155.(Page 133),6,1
  13478. 430704,en,15,udanita,udānita,Udānita,Udānita,[pp.of udāneti] uttered,breathed forth,said DhA.IV,55.(Page 134),7,1
  13479. 430709,en,15,udanjala,udañjala,Udañjala,Udañjala,[udan + jala see uda<sup>2</sup>] in <i>°ṁ kīḷati</i> a water-game:playing with drops of water (?) Vin.III,118 (Bdhgh.:udañjalan ti udaka-cikkhallo vuccati p.274) (Page 133),8,1
  13480. 430718,en,15,udannavant,udaññavant,Udaññavant,Udaññavant,(adj.) [udan = uda(ka) + vant] rich in water,well-watered J.V,405 (= udaka-sampanna C.).(Page 133),10,1
  13481. 430729,en,15,udapadi,udapādi,Udapādi,Udapādi,3<sup>rd</sup> sg.aor.of <i>uppajjati</i> to arise,originate,become D.I,110,180,185; S.II,273; It.52,99; SnA 346,462.(Page 133),7,1
  13482. 430746,en,15,udapana,udapāna,Udapāna,Udapāna,[uda + pāna lit.“(place for) drinking water”; cp.opāna,which in the incorrect opinion of Pāli Commentators represents a contracted udapāna] a well,a cistern Vin.I,139; II,122; M.I,80; A.IV,171; J.III,216; Ud.78; Pv.II,7<sup>8</sup>; II,9<sup>25</sup>; Miln.411; Vism.244 (in simile); DA.I,298; VvA.40; PvA.78.(Page 133),7,1
  13483. 430786,en,15,udapatta,udapatta,Udapatta,Udapatta,<sup>2</sup> [uda + patta; Sk.udapātra] a bowl of water,a water-jug,ewer M.I,100; S.V,121; A.III,230 sq.,236; V,92,94,97 sq.(Page 133),8,1
  13484. 430787,en,15,udapatta,udapatta,Udapatta,Udapatta,<sup>1</sup><i> </i>[<i>uda</i> for <em>ud</em>,and <i>patta</i>,pp.of <em>pat</em>,for patita? Kern,Toev.s.v.takes it as udak-prāpta,risen,flying up,sprung up J.III,484 (= uppatita C.); V,71 (= uṭṭhita C.).(Page 133),8,1
  13485. 430794,en,15,udapatva,udāpatvā,Udāpatvā,Udāpatvā,at J.V,255 is uncertain reading (v.l.udapatvā,C.expl<sup>ns.</sup> reading udapatvā by uppatitvā = flying up),perhaps we should read udapatta flew up,pret.of ud + <i>pat</i> = Sk.*udapaptat (so Kern,Toev.s.v.).(Page 134),8,1
  13486. 430796,en,15,udappatta,udappatta,Udappatta,Udappatta,see udapatta.(Page 133),9,1
  13487. 430804,en,15,udara,udara,Udara,Udara,(nt.) [Vedic udara,Av udara belly,Gr.u(ζteros = Lat.uterus belly,womb; Lith.védaras stomach,See also Walde,Lat.Wtb.under vensica] -- 1 the belly,stomach D.II,266; Sn.78,604,609,716; J.I,146,164,265; Miln.213; PvA.283; KhA 57,58; DhA.I,47 (pregnant); Sdhp.102.-- 2.cavity,interior,inside Dāvs.I,56 (mandir-odare).<i>--ūnûdara</i> with empty belly Th.1,982; Miln.406,407; cp.ūna.<br><br> <i>--aggi</i> the fire of the belly or stomach (i.e.of digestion) KhA 59; SnA 462; PvA.33; <i>--âvadehakaṁ</i> (adv.) bhunjati to eat to fill the stomach,eat to satiety,to be gluttonous M.I,102; A.V,18; Th.1,935; Vism.33.<i>--paṭala</i> the mucous membrane of the stomach Vism.359 (= sarīr°abbhantara 261); SnA 248; KhA 55,61.<i>--pūra</i> stomachfilling Vism.108.<i>--vaṭṭi</i> “belly-sack”,belly Vin.III,39,117; Vism.262 where KhA reads ud.paṭala).<i>--vāta</i> the wind of the belly,stomach-ache 9J.I,33,433; Vism.41 (°ābādha); DhA.IV,129.(Page 134),5,1
  13488. 430813,en,15,udara,udāra,Udāra,Udāra,(adj.) [Sk.udāra,of which the usual P.form is ulāra (q.v.).Cp.BSk.audāra &#38; audārika.] raised,sublime,noble,excellent Dāvs III,4 (samussit-odāra-sitātapattaṁ); DA.I,50 (°issariya); Sdhp.429,591.(Page 134),5,1
  13489. 430926,en,15,udariya,udariya,Udariya,Udariya,(nt.) [fr.udara] the stomach Kh III,(cp.KhA 57); Vism.258,358.Cp <i>sodariya</i>.(Page 134),7,1
  13490. 430942,en,15,udasina,udāsīna,Udāsīna,Udāsīna,(adj.) [ud + āsīna,pp.of <em>ās</em> to sit; lit.sit apart,be indifferent] indifferent,passive,neutral DhsA.129.(Page 134),7,1
  13491. 430968,en,15,udassaye,udassaye,Udassaye,Udassaye,2<sup>nd</sup> sg.pot.of ud + assayati [ā + <i>śri</i>,cp.assaya] J.V,26 (meaning to instal,raise?),expl<sup>d.</sup> by C.as ussayāpesi (?) Reading may be faulty for udāsase (?).(Page 134),8,1
  13492. 430976,en,15,udatari,udatāri,Udatāri,Udatāri,3<sup>rd</sup> sg aor.of <i>uttarati</i> to cross over Sn.471 (oghaṁ).(Page 133),7,1
  13493. 430985,en,15,udatta,udatta,Udatta,Udatta,(adj.) [Sk.udātta] elevated,high,lofty,clever Nett 7,118,123 (= uḷārapañña C.).(Page 133),6,1
  13494. 431004,en,15,udavatta,udāvatta,Udāvatta,Udāvatta,[pp.of udāvattate,ud + ā vattati] retired,desisting J.V,158 (= udāvattitva nivattitva C).(Page 134),8,1
  13495. 431015,en,15,udaya,udaya,Udaya,Udaya,[fr.ud + <i>i</i>,cp.udeti] rise,growth; increment,increase; income,revenue,interest A.II,199; Ps.I,34; Vv 84<sup>7</sup> (dhan’atthika uddayaṁ patthayāna = ānisaṁsaṁ atirekalābhaṁ VvA.336); 84<sup>52</sup>; DhA.II,270; PvA.146 (ulār° vipāka),273 (°bhūtāni pañca kahāpaṇa-satāni labhitvā,with interest); Sdhp.40,230,258.-- See also <i>uddaya</i>.<br><br> <i>--attha</i> rise and fall,birth &#38; death (to attha<sup>2</sup>) M.I,356; S.V,197 sq.,395; A.III,152 sq.; IV,111,289,352; V,15,25.<i>--atthika</i> desirous of increase,interest or wealth (cp.above Vv 84<sup>7</sup> dhan’atthika) A.II,199.<i>--bbaya</i> (ud-aya + vy-aya) increase &#38; decrease,rise &#38; fall,birth &#38; death,up &#38; down D.III,223; S.I,46 = 52 (lokassa); III,130; A.II,90; III,32; IV,153; It.120; Vism.287; Ps.I,54; ThA.90.<i>--vyaya</i> = °bbaya S.IV,140; A.II,15 (khandhānaṁ); Dh.113,374 (khandhānaṁ,see DhA.IV,110).(Page 133),5,1
  13496. 431150,en,15,udayam,udayaṁ,Udayaṁ,Udayaṁ, &#38; Udayanto ppr.of <i>udeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 133),6,1
  13497. 431161,en,15,udayana,udayana,Udayana,Udayana,(nt.) [fr.ud + <i>i</i>] going up,rise DA.I,95.(Page 133),7,1
  13498. 431198,en,15,udayati,udāyati,Udāyati,Udāyati,at DA.I,266 (udāyissati fut.) is hardly correct; D.I,96 has here udrīyissati (q.v.),which belongs to darati to break,tear etc.,udāyati could only belong to dāyāti meaning to cut,mow,reap.but not to split etc.DA.I,266 expl<sup>ns.</sup> udāyissati with bhijjhissati.The difficulty is removed by reading udrīyissati.To v.l.undriyati cp.°undriya for °uddaya (dukkh° for dukkhudraya see <i>udraya)</i>.We find udāyati once more at Vism.156 in expl<sup>n.</sup> of ekodi where it is evidently meant for udeti (Caus.= uṭṭhapeti).(Page 134),7,1
  13499. 431258,en,15,udda,udda,Udda,Udda,<sup>2</sup> [for uda<sup>2</sup>?] water,in passage amakkhito uddena,amakkhito semhena,a.ruhirena i.e.not stained by any kind of (dirty) fluid D.II,14; M.III,122.(Page 135),4,1
  13500. 431259,en,15,udda,udda,Udda,Udda,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic udra,to uda<sup>2</sup> water,lit.living in water; Cp.Gr.u(/dros “hydra”; Ohg.ottar = Ags.otor = E.otter; Lith.ûdra = Obulg.vydra otter] an aquatic animal,the otter (?) Childers s.v.doubts the identity of this creature with the regular otter,since it lives in the jungle.Is it a beaver -- Vin.I,186 (°camma otter-skin,used for sandals); Cp.I.10<sup>2</sup> (°pota); J.III,51 sq.,335.The names of two otters at J.III,333 are Gambhīra-cārin and Anutīra-cārin.(Page 135),4,1
  13501. 431275,en,15,uddahati,uḍḍahati,Uḍḍahati,Uḍḍahati,[ud + ḍahati] to burn up (intrs.) KhA 181 (uḍḍaheyya with v.l.uḍḍayheyya,the latter preferable).Usually in Pass.<i>uḍḍayhati</i> to be burnt,to burn up (intrs.) S.III,149,150 (v.l.for ḍayhati); J.III,22 (udayhate); V,194.fut.uḍḍayhissati J.I,48.(Page 129),8,1
  13502. 431283,en,15,uddala,uddāla,Uddāla,Uddāla,= uddālaka,only as Np.J.IV,298 sq.(Page 135),6,1
  13503. 431291,en,15,uddalaka,uddālaka,Uddālaka,Uddālaka,[fr.ud + <i>dal</i>,see dalati] the Uddāla tree,Cassia Fistula (also known as indīvara),or Cordia Myxa,lit.“uprooter” Vv 6<sup>7</sup> (= vātaghātako yo rājarukkho ti pi vuccati VvA.43); J.IV,301 (°rukkha),440; V,199 (= vātaghātaka C.),405; VI,530 (so read for uddh°); VvA.197 (°puppha = indīvara); PvA.169.(Page 135),8,1
  13504. 431319,en,15,uddalanaka,uddālanaka,Uddālanaka,Uddālanaka,(adj.) [fr.uddālana › ud + dāleti] referring to destruction or vandalism,tearing out Vin.IV,169.(Page 135),10,1
  13505. 431333,en,15,uddaleti,uddāleti,Uddāleti,Uddāleti,[ud + dāleti,Caus.of dal,see dalati] to tear out or off Vin.IV,170; S.IV,178.(Page 135),8,1
  13506. 431346,en,15,uddalomi,uddalomī,Uddalomī,Uddalomī,[= udda + lomin beaver-hair-y ] a woollen coverlet with a fringe at each end D.I,7 (= ubhato dasaṁ uṇṇā-may’attharaṇaṁ; keci ubhato uggata-pupphaṁ ti vadanti DA.I,87); A.I,181.See however uddha-lomin under uddhaṁ.(Page 135),8,1
  13507. 431358,en,15,uddama,uddāma,Uddāma,Uddāma,[fr.ud + dā as in uddāna,see dāma] 1.(adj.) “out of bounds”,unrestrained,restless Dāvs.V,56 (°sāgara).-- 2.(n.) wall,enclosure (either as “binding in”,protecting or as equivalent of uddāpa fr.ud + vam “to throw up” in sense of to throw up earth,to dig a mound = udvapati) in phrase aṭṭāla-uddāma-parikhâdīni watchtowers,enceintes,moats etc.DhA.III,488.(Page 135),6,1
  13508. 431369,en,15,uddana,uddāna,Uddāna,Uddāna,(nt.) [fr.ud + <em>dā</em>,dayati to bind:see under dāma] a group of Suttas,used throughout the Vinaya Piṭaka,with ref.to each Khandhaka,in the Saṁyutta,the Aṅguttara and other books (cp.Miln.407) for each group of about ten Suttas (cp.DhsA.27).The Uddāna gives,in a sort of doggerel verse,at the end of each group,the titles of the Suttas in the group.It may then be roughly rendered “summary”.If all the Uddānas were collected together,they would form a table of contents to the whole work.-- Otherwise the word has only been found used of fishes “macchuddāna” (so J.II,425; DhA.II,132).It then means a group of fish placed apart for for sale in one lot.Perhaps a set or a batch would meet the case.(Page 135),6,1
  13509. 431381,en,15,uddanda,uddaṇḍa,Uddaṇḍa,Uddaṇḍa,[ud + daṇḍa] a kind of building (or hut),in which the sticks stand out (?) Nd<sup>1</sup> 226 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 97<sup>6</sup> (uṭanda) = Vism.25 (v.l.BB uṭṭanda).(Page 135),7,1
  13510. 431390,en,15,uddapa,uddāpa,Uddāpa,Uddāpa,[*udvāpa] foundation of a wall,in stock phrase daḷh° etc.D.III,101; S.V,194 = also at J.VI,276 (= pākāra-vatthu C.).Kern,Toev.s.v.refers it to Sk.ud-vapati to dig out,and translates “moat,ditch”.The meaning “wall” or “mound” however harmonises quite well with the der.fr.“digging”,cp.E.dike › Ger.Teich.See also uddāma 2.(Page 135),6,1
  13511. 431395,en,15,uddapavant,uddāpavant,Uddāpavant,Uddāpavant,(adj.) [fr.uddāpa] having a wall or embankment S.II,106 (v.l.uddhā°); C.expl<sup>s.</sup> as apato uggatattā J.IV,536 (so read with v.l.for T.uddhā pavatta; C.expl<sup>s.</sup> as tīra-mariyādā-bandhana).(Page 135),10,1
  13512. 431408,en,15,uddaraka,uddāraka,Uddāraka,Uddāraka,[?] some wild animal J.V,416 (reading uncertain,expl<sup>n.</sup> ditto).(Page 135),8,1
  13513. 431427,en,15,uddasseti,uddasseti,Uddasseti,Uddasseti,[ud + dasseti,Caus.of dassati<sup>1</sup>] to show,reveal,point out,order,inform,instruct D.II,321 sq.; M.I,480 (read uddassessāmi for conjectured reading uddisissāmi?); II,60 (v.l.uddiset°) A.IV,66.(Page 135),9,1
  13514. 431441,en,15,uddaya,uddaya,Uddaya,Uddaya,<sup>2</sup> in compounds <i>dukkh°</i> and <i>sukh°</i>.see<i> udraya</i>.<i> </i> (Page 135),6,1
  13515. 431442,en,15,uddaya,uddaya,Uddaya,Uddaya,<sup>1</sup> [a (metric?) variant of udaya] gain,advantage,profit Vv 84<sup>7</sup> (see udaya); J v.39 (satt°-mahāpaduma of profit to beings?).(Page 135),6,1
  13516. 431446,en,15,uddayhana,uḍḍayhana,Uḍḍayhana,Uḍḍayhana,(nt.) [fr.uḍḍayhati,see uddahati] burning up,conflagration Pug.13 (°velā = jhāyana-kālo Pug.A 187); KhA 181 (T.uḍḍahanavelā,v.l.preferable uḍḍayh°).(Page 129),9,1
  13517. 431473,en,15,uddehaka,uddehaka,Uddehaka,Uddehaka,(adj.) [fr.ud + <em>dih</em>,see deha] “bubbling up”,only adv.°ṁ in cpd.<i>pheṇ°</i> (paccamāna) boiling) under production of scum (foam) M.III,167; A.I,141; J.III,46; Miln.357.(Page 136),8,1
  13518. 431491,en,15,uddeka,uddeka,Uddeka,Uddeka,[Sk.udreka,ud + <em>ric</em>] vomit,spouting out,eruption Vism.261 (where id.p.at KhA 61 reads uggāra); <i>°ṁ dadāti</i> to vomit Vin.I,277.(Page 136),6,1
  13519. 431495,en,15,uddekanika,uddekanika,Uddekanika,Uddekanika,(adj.) [uddeka + ana + ika] spouting,ejecting M.II,39 (maṇika; perhaps better to be read with v.l.as udañjanika = udañcanika fit for drawing up water).(Page 136),10,1
  13520. 431506,en,15,uddesa,uddesa,Uddesa,Uddesa,[fr.uddisati] -- 1.pointing out,setting forth,proposition,exposition,indication,programme M.III,223 (u.uddiṭṭha),239; S.IV,299; SnA 422.-- 2.explanation S.V,110 sq.; <i>sa-uddesa</i> (adj.) with (the necessary) expl<sup>n.</sup>,point by point,in detail,D.I,13,81; III,111; A.III,418; It.99; Nd<sup>2</sup> 617<sup>1</sup>.-- 3.<i>samaṇuddesa</i> one marked as a Samaṇa,a novice (cp.sāmaṇera) D.I,151; M.III,128; A.IV,343; uddesa-bhatta special or specified food Vin.I,58 = 96,cp.II.175,propounding,recitation,repetition Vin.I,50 = II.228 (uddesena paripucchāya ovādena by recitation,questioning &#38; advice); II,219 (°ṁ dadāti to hold a recitation + paripucchaṁ d); A.IV,114 (+ paripucchā); V,50 sq.(pañho,u.veyyākaraṇaṁ); Nd<sup>2</sup> 385<sup>2</sup> (+ paripucchā); J.I,116; Miln.257 (+paripucchā).<i>ek’uddesa</i> a single repetition Vin.III,47; A.III,67,180; Miln.10,18.(Page 136),6,1
  13521. 431544,en,15,uddesaka,uddesaka,Uddesaka,Uddesaka,(adj.) [fr.uddesa] assigning,defining,determining,in bhatt° one who sorts out the food VvA.92.(Page 136),8,1
  13522. 431660,en,15,uddesika,uddesika,Uddesika,Uddesika,(adj.nt.) [fr.uddesa] -- 1.indicating,referring to,respecting,defining; (nt.) indication,definition D.II,100 (mam °bhikkhusaṅgho); Miln.159 (id.); KhA 29.‹-› Esp.as --° in phrase <i>aṭṭha-vass</i>’uddesika-kāla the time referring to (or indicating) the 8<sup>th</sup> year,i.e.at the age of 8 PvA.67; <i>soḷasa-vass°</i> M.I,88; J.I,456; VvA.259.In the same application <i>padesika</i> (q.v.).-- 2.memorial J.IV,228 (cetiya).(Page 136),8,1
  13523. 431676,en,15,uddeti,uḍḍeti,Uḍḍeti,Uḍḍeti,<sup>2</sup> [see discussion under uḍḍeti<sup>1</sup>] (a) to bind up,tie up to,string up Vin.II,131 (so read for uṭṭitvā,v.l.uḍḍhetvā).-- (b) to throw away,reject PvA.256 (+ chaḍḍayāmi gloss).-- pp.<i>uḍḍita</i>.(Page 129),6,1
  13524. 431677,en,15,uddeti,uḍḍeti,Uḍḍeti,Uḍḍeti,<sup>1</sup> [ud + ḍeti to fly.The etym.is doubtful,Müller P.Gr.99 identifies uḍḍeti<sup>1</sup> &#38; uḍḍeti<sup>2</sup> both as causatives to <i>ḍī</i>.Of uḍḍeti<sup>2</sup> two forms exist,uḍḍ° &#38; oḍḍ°,the latter of which may be a variant of the former,but with specialisation of meaning (“lay snares”),it may be a cpd.with ava° instead of ud°.It is extremely doubtful whether uḍḍeti<sup>2</sup> belongs here,we should rather separate it &#38; refer it to another root,probably <em>lī</em>,layate (as in allīna,nilīyati etc.),to stick to,adhere,fasten etc.The change l ›ḍis a freq.Pāli phenomenon.Another Caus.II.of the same root <i>(ḍī</i>?<i>)</i> is uṭṭepeti] to fly up M.I,364 (kāko maṁsapesiṁ ādāya uḍḍayeyya; vv.ll.ubbaḍaheyya,uyya,dayeyya); J.V,256,368,417.(Page 129),6,1
  13525. 431686,en,15,uddha,uḍḍha,Uḍḍha,Uḍḍha,(-°) (num.ord.) [the apocope form of catuttha = uttha,dialectically reduced to uḍḍha under the influence of the preceding aḍḍha] the fourth,only in cpd.<i>aḍḍhuḍḍha</i> “half of the fourth unit”,i.e.three &#38; a half (cp.diyaḍḍha 1 1/2 and aḍḍha-teyya 2 1/2) J.V,417 sq.(°āni itthisahassāni); Mhvs XII.53.(Page 129),5,1
  13526. 431694,en,15,uddha,uddha,Uddha,Uddha,(adj.) [possibly a comb<sup>n.</sup> of aḍḍha<sup>2</sup> &#38; uddhaṁ; or should we read aḍḍh° or vuḍḍh°?] in phrase <i>uddhehi vatthehi</i> in rich,lofty clothes J.IV,154 (of a devatā; passage may be corrupt).(Page 136),5,1
  13527. 431708,en,15,uddhacca,uddhacca,Uddhacca,Uddhacca,(nt.) [substantivised ger.of ud-dharati,ud + <i>dhṛ</i>,cp.uddhaṭa &#38; uddhata.The BSk.auddhatya shows a strange distortion.BSk.uddhava seems to be also a substitute for uddhacca] over-balancing,agitation,excitement,distraction,flurry (see on meaning Dialogues I.82; Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 119; Cpd.18,45,83).A.I,256,282; III,375,421,449; IV,87; V,142,145,148; D.III,234; S.V,277 sq.; DhSA 260; SnA 492 (in sense of “haughtiness”? for Sn.702 uṇṇata); Nd<sup>1</sup> 220,501; Ps.I,81,83; II,9,97 sq.; 119,142,145,169,176; Pug.18,59; Dhs.427,429 (cittassa),1159,1229,1426,1482; Vbh.168,369,372,377; Vism.137,469 (= uddhata-bhāva); Sdhp.459.Together with <i>kukkucca</i> “flurry or worry” u.is enum<sup>d.</sup> as the 4<sup>th</sup> of the 5<sup>th</sup> nīvaraṇa’s and as the 9<sup>th</sup> of the 10 saṁyojana’s (q.v.),e.g.at D.I,71,246; III,49,234,269,278; S.I,99; A.I,3; III,16; V,30; Nd<sup>2</sup> 379; Dhs.1486.(Page 136),8,1
  13528. 431877,en,15,uddhagga,uddhagga,Uddhagga,Uddhagga,(adj.) [uddha + agga] -- 1.standing on end (lit.with raised point).bristling,of the hair of a Mahāpurisa D.II,18 = III,144,154.-- 2.prominent,conspicuous J.IV,345 (°rājin having prominent stripes,of a lion).‹-› 3.pointing upwards (of the lower teeth,opp.adhagga point-downwards) J.V,156 (= heṭṭhima-danta C.).‹-› 4.lofty,beneficial (of gifts) A.II,68 (dakkhiṇā); III,46 (id.) see also <i>uddhaggika</i>.(Page 136),8,1
  13529. 431897,en,15,uddhaggika,uddhaggika,Uddhaggika,Uddhaggika,(adj.) [cp.uddhagga) aiming at or resulting in a lofty end,promoting spiritual welfare,beneficial (of gifts) D.I,51 = III,66; S.I,90; A.III,259; DA.I,158.(Page 136),10,1
  13530. 431904,en,15,uddhaja,uddhaja,Uddhaja,Uddhaja,(adj.) [uddhaṁ + ja] upright,honest M.I,386 (v.l.for pannadhaja).(Page 136),7,1
  13531. 431912,en,15,uddhalaka,uddhālaka,Uddhālaka,Uddhālaka,at J.VI,530 is to be read uddālaka.(Page 137),9,1
  13532. 431925,en,15,uddham,uddhaṁ,Uddhaṁ,Uddhaṁ,( &#38; Uddha°) (indecl.) [nt.of adj.*uddha = Sk.ūrdhva high; to Idg.<i>*ared</i>(h) as in Lat.arduus steep,or <i>*ured</i> as in Sk.vardhate to raise,Gr.o)rqόs straight] high up,on top,above (adv. &#38; prep.).-- On uddhaṁ in spatial,temporal,ethical &#38; psychological application see in detail Nd<sup>2</sup> 155.-- I.(adv.).-- A.(of space) up,aloft,on top,above (opp.adho) Vin.III,121; KhA 248 (= upari).-- In contrast with adho (above › below) D.I,23,153,251; Vism.176 (u.adho tiriyaṁ expl<sup>d.</sup>); DA.I,98 (see also adho).-- Esp.with ref.to the points of the compass as “in zenith” (opp.adho “in nadir”),e.g.at D.I,222 (“straight up”); It.120; J.I,20.‹-› B.(of time) in future,ahead,hence Sn.894; Nd<sup>1</sup> 303 (u.vuccati anāgataṁ).-- II.(prep.with Abl. &#38; Instr.).‹-› A.(of space) in phrase uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā (above the soles &#38; below the scalp) D.II,293,294; III,104; A.III,323; V,109.-- B.(of time) after,hence Pv.I,10<sup>12</sup> (u.catūhi māsehi after 4 months = catunnaṁ māsānaṁ upari PvA.52); PvA.147 (sattahi vassa satehi u.,meaning here 700 years ago,cp.ito in similar application,meaning both past &#38; future),148 (sattāhato u.after a week; uttari v.l.BB.).-- In cpds.uddha° &#38; uddhaṁ° (see below).The reading udhogalaṁ at PvA.104 is to corrected to adho°.-- III,Note (cp.Trenckner,Notes 60).In certain cases we find <i>ubbhaṁ</i> for uddhaṁ.Notice the foll.:ubbhaṁ yojanaṁ uggato J.V,269; ubbhaṭṭhako hoti “standing erect” D.I,167; M.I,78; ubbhamukhu “mouth (face) upwards”,turned upwards S.III,238; Miln.122.<br><br> (1) <i>uddha°</i> in:<i>--gāmin</i> going upwards S.V,370 sq.<i>cchiddaka (--vātapānā)</i> (windows) having openings above DhA.I,211.<i>--pāda</i> heels upwards either with adhosira (head down) A.IV,133,or avansira Vv 52<sup>25</sup> (v.l.); J.I,233.<i>--mukha</i> turned upwards,adv.°ā upwards or backwards (of a river) Miln.295 (Gaṅgā u.sandati; in same context ubbha° Miln.122).<i>--lomin</i> “having hair on the upper side”,a kind of couch or bed (or rug on a couch) Vin.I,192 = II.163,169.So is prob.to be read for uddalomī (q.v.).<i>--virecana</i> action of an emetic (lit.throwing up) (opp.adho-virecana of a purgative) D.I,12 (= uddhaṁ dosānaṁ nīharaṇaṁ DA.I,98); DhA.III,126; SnA 86.<i>--suddha</i> clean on top Vin.II,152.-- (2) <i>uddhaṁ°</i> in:<i>--āghātanika</i> an after-deather,a teacher who maintains that the soul exists after death D.I,31,cp.DA.I,119.<i>--pāda</i> feet up ( &#38; head down) Vv 52<sup>25</sup> (v.l.uddha°).<i>--bhāgiya</i> belonging to the upper part (opp.oram°):see saṁyojana.<i>--virecana</i> v.l.BB.at SnA 86 for uddha°.<i>--sara(ṁ)</i> (adv.) with raised or lofty voice,lit.“sounding high” Sn.901,see Nd<sup>1</sup> 315.<i>--sota</i> (adj.) one who is going upwards in the stream of life [cp.BSk.ūrdhvasrotaḥ Mahāvy § 46] D.III,237; S.V,69,201,205,237,285,314,378; A.I,233; II,134; IV,14 sq.,73 sq.,146,380; V,120; Dh.218; Th.II,12; Pug.17; Nett 190; DhA.III,289; lit.up-stream at J.III,371.(Page 136),6,1
  13533. 431994,en,15,uddhamma,uddhamma,Uddhamma,Uddhamma,[ud + dhamma] false doctrine Dpvs.V,19.(Page 137),8,1
  13534. 432036,en,15,uddhamsati,uddhaṁsati,Uddhaṁsati,Uddhaṁsati,[ud + dhaṁsati,in lit.meaning of <i>dhvaṁs</i>,see dhaṁsati] to fly out or up (of dust) Vv 78<sup>4</sup> na tatth’uddhaṁsati rajo; expl<sup>d.</sup> by uggacchati VvA.304.-- pp.<i>uddhasta</i> (q.v.).(Page 136),10,1
  13535. 432093,en,15,uddhana,uddhana,Uddhana,Uddhana,(nt.) [*ud-dhvana,fr.ud + <i>dhvan</i> instead of <i>dhmā</i>,for uddhamana (*uddhmāna Sk.),see dhamati] an oven J.I,33,68,71,346; II,133,277; III,178,425; V,385,471; II,218 (kammār°),574; Sn.p.105; Miln.118,259; Vism.171,254; DhA.I,52,224; II,3; III,219 (°panti); IV,176.(Page 137),7,1
  13536. 432183,en,15,uddharana,uddharaṇa,Uddharaṇa,Uddharaṇa,(nt.) [abstr.fr.uddharati] -- 1.taking up,lifting,raising Miln.307 (sass°-samaya the time of gathering the corn; to uddharati 1.but cp.in same meaning uddhaṭa from uddharati 2).DA.I,192.-- 2.pulling or drawing out (cp.uddharati 2) Vin.III,29.See also ubbahati<sup>2</sup>.(Page 137),9,1
  13537. 432245,en,15,uddharati,uddharati,Uddharati,Uddharati,[ud + dharate of <em>dhṛ</em>] -- 1.(in this meaning confused with ubbharati from <em>bṛh</em>,cp.interchange of ddh &#38; bbh in uddha:ubbha,possibly also with <em>bṛh</em><i>:</i> see abbahati and cp.ubbahati<sup>1</sup>).(a) to raise,rise,lift up; hence:to raise too much,overbalance,shake etc.:see pp.<i>uddhata</i> (*udbhṛta) &#38; cp.uddhacca &#38; uddharaṇa.-- (b) to take up,lift,to remove,take away D.I,135 (baliṁ uddhareyya raise a tax); M.I,306 (hiyaṁ); J.I,193 (aor.poet.udaddhari = uddharitvā kaḍḍhitvā pavaṭṭesi C.); VvA.157.-- Caus.<i>uddharāpeti</i> Vin.II,180,181; J.VI,95.-- 2.to pull out,draw out (syn.with abbahati,q.v.for comparison) D.II,77 (ahiṁ karaṇḍā uddhareyya,further on ahi k.ubbhato) PvA.115 (= abbahati); imper.uddharatha J.II,95 (for abbaha); Dh.327 (attānaṁ duggā); aor.uddhari J.III,190 (aṅkena); cond.uddhare Th.1,756; ger.uddharitvā D.I,234; Nd<sup>1</sup> 419; SnA 567; DhA.IV,26; PvA.139, &#38; (poet.) uddhatvā J.IV,406 (cakkhūni,so read for T.laddhatvañ cakkhūni = akkhīni uddharitvā C.).-- pp.<i>uddhaṭa </i> &#38; <i>ubbhata</i>.(Page 137),9,1
  13538. 432267,en,15,uddharin,uddharin,Uddharin,Uddharin,īn anuddharin Sn.952 see under<i> niṭṭhurin</i>.<i> </i> (Page 137),8,1
  13539. 432304,en,15,uddhaseta,uddhasetā,Uddhasetā,Uddhasetā,see<i> uddhasta</i>.<i> </i> (Page 137),9,1
  13540. 432308,en,15,uddhasta,uddhasta,Uddhasta,Uddhasta,[pp.of uddhaṁseti,see dhaṁsati &#38; cp.anuddhaṁ seti] attacked,perhaps “spoilt” (smothered!) in comb<sup>n.</sup> with pariyonaddha (covered) at A.I,202 (T.uddhaseta,expl<sup>d.</sup> by upari dhaṁsita C.); II,211 (vv.ll.uddhasotā for °etā &#38; uddhaṁso).-- Registered with an° as anuddhasta in Index vol.to A,should however be read as anuddhasta (q.v.).Cp.also viddhasta. Uddhāra ( &#38; ubbhāra in Vin.; e.g.II.255,cp.256 where ubbhata unterchanges with uddhāra) [fr.uddharati<sup>1</sup>] ‹-› 1.taking away,withdrawal,suspension,in kaṭhin° (q.v.) Vin.I,255 sq.; III,262; IV,287; V,177 sq.-- 2.a tax,levy,debt,in phrase °ṁ sodheti (so read for sādheti Loc.cit.) to clear up a debt J.II,341; III,106; IV,45,247.uddhāra-sodhana (v.l.sādh°) the clearance of a debt J.II,341.-- 3.synopsis or abstract Dpvs.V,37 (atth° of the meaning of the Vin.); SnA 237 (atth° + pad°).(Page 137),8,1
  13541. 432318,en,15,uddhata,uddhaṭa,Uddhaṭa,Uddhaṭa,[pp.of uddharati<sup>2</sup>; see also uddhata,uddhita &#38; uddhacca] -- 1.pulled out J.II,26.-- 2.pulled out,destroyed,extirpated,in phrase° <i>dāṭha</i> with its fangs removed (of a snake) J.I,505; II,259; VI,6.-- 3.cut off or out Miln.231 (uddhaṭ-uddhaṭe ālope whenever a piece is cut off).-- 4.drawn out,lifted out,raised J.I,143; sass°kāle at the time of lifting the corn; V,49 (°paṁsu).Cp.uddhaṭa-<i>bīja</i> castrated J.II,237.(Page 136),7,1
  13542. 432331,en,15,uddhata,uddhata,Uddhata,Uddhata,[pp.of uddharati<sup>1</sup>; as to its relation to uddhaṭa see remarks under uddhacca].-- 1.lifted up,raised,risen,high (of the sun,only in this special phrase u.aruṇo) Vin.II,236; Ud.27 (vv.ll.uggata &#38; uddhasta).‹-› 2.unbalanced,disturbed,agitated,shaken S.I,61 (+ unnaḷa “muddled in mind &#38; puffed up” trsl.),204 (id.) V.112 (līnaṁ cittaṁ uddhataṁ c.),114 = Vism.133,269; A.II,23; III,391; V,93 sq.,142,163; It.72; Th.2,77 (so read with v.l.,T.has uddhaṭa; ThA.80 expl<sup>ns.</sup> as nān’ārammaṇe vikkhitta-citta asamāhita); Nd<sup>2</sup> 433 (+ avūpasanta-citto); Pug.35 (= uddhaccena samannāgata Pug.A 217).<i>--an°</i> well balanced,not shaken,calm,subdued M.I,470; A.II,211; V,93 sq.,104; Sn.850 (= uddhaccavirahita SnA 549); Dh.363 (= nibbutacitto DhA.IV,93); J.V,203; Vv 64<sup>8</sup>.-- See also ubbhata.(Page 136),7,1
  13543. 432422,en,15,uddhita,uddhita,Uddhita,Uddhita,[a by-form of uddhaṭa] pulled out,destroyed,extirpated,removed J.VI,237 (°pphala = uddhaṭa-bīja C.).(Page 137),7,1
  13544. 432435,en,15,uddhumata,uddhumāta,Uddhumāta,Uddhumāta,(adj.) [pp.of uddhumāyati] swollen,bloated,risen (of flour) A.I,140; Sn.200 (of a corpse); SnA 100 sq.,171; DA.I,114.Cp.next.(Page 137),9,1
  13545. 432453,en,15,uddhumataka,uddhumātaka,Uddhumātaka,Uddhumātaka,(adj.) [prec.+ ka] swollen,bloated,puffed up M.I,88 (of a corpse; + vinīlaka); Vism.178,193 (id.); J.I,164 (udaraṁ °ṁ katvā),420 (°nimitta appearance of being blown up); Miln.332; DhA.I,307.See also subha &#38; asubha.<br><br> --saññā the idea of a bloated corpse A.II,17; Dhs.263; Miln.331; cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 69.(Page 137),11,1
  13546. 432499,en,15,uddhumatatta,uddhumātatta,Uddhumātatta,Uddhumātatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.uddhumāta] swollen condition Vism.178.(Page 137),12,1
  13547. 432506,en,15,uddhumayana,uddhumāyana,Uddhumāyana,Uddhumāyana,(nt.) [fr.uddhumāyati] puffing,blowing or swelling up J.IV,37.(Page 137),11,1
  13548. 432519,en,15,uddhumayati,uddhumāyati,Uddhumāyati,Uddhumāyati,[ud + dhmā,see dhamati &#38; remarks on uddhacca] to be blown up,to swell up,rise; aor.°āyi J.III,26; VvA.76; ger.°ājitvā J.II,18; DhA.I,126.-- pp.uddhumāta &#38; °āyita (q.v.).(Page 137),11,1
  13549. 432532,en,15,uddhumayika,uddhumāyika,Uddhumāyika,Uddhumāyika,(adj.) [cp.uddhumāyita] like blowing or swelling up,of blown-up appearance M.I,142 sq.(Page 137),11,1
  13550. 432539,en,15,uddhumayita,uddhumāyita,Uddhumāyita,Uddhumāyita,[pp.of uddhumāyati] swollen,bloated,puffed up VvA.218.(Page 137),11,1
  13551. 432545,en,15,uddhunati,uddhunāti,Uddhunāti,Uddhunāti,[ud + dhunāti] to shake VvA.279.(Page 137),9,1
  13552. 432558,en,15,uddipana,uddīpanā,Uddīpanā,Uddīpanā,(f.) [fr.ud + dīpeti] explanation,reasoning,argument Vism.27 (for ukkācanā). Uddīyati,Uddīyana ete.see udrī°.(Page 135),8,1
  13553. 432609,en,15,uddisapeti,uddisāpeti,Uddisāpeti,Uddisāpeti,[Caus.II.of uddisati] -- 1.to make recite Vin.I,47 = II.224; IV,290.-- 2.to dedicate PvA.35 (v.l.ādisati).(Page 135),10,1
  13554. 432632,en,15,uddisati,uddisati,Uddisati,Uddisati,[ud + disati] -- to propose,point out,appoint,allot Dh.353,cp.DhA.IV,72; Miln.94 (satihāraṁ); fut.uddisissati M.I,480 (ex conj.,is probably to be changed to uddassessati,q.v.).-- 2.to specify PvA.22 (aor.uddisi),25 (= nīyādeti,dadāti),27.-- Pass.uddissati to show oneself,to be seen Pv III,2<sup>12</sup>,and uddissiyati PvA.46.-- pp.uddiṭṭha (q.v.).-- Caus.II.uddisāpeti (q.v.).-- ger.uddissa (q.v.) (Page 135),8,1
  13555. 432695,en,15,uddissa,uddissa,Uddissa,Uddissa,(indecl.) [orig.ger.of uddisati] -- 1.indicating,with signs or indications J.III,354 = Miln.230.-- 2.prep w.Acc.:(a) (lit.) pointing to,tending towards,towards,to PvA.250 Suraṭṭha-visayaṁ).-- (b) (appl<sup>d.</sup>) with reference to,on account of,for,concerning PvA.8 (pete),17 (= ārabbha),49 (ratanattayaṁ),70 (maṁ),146.<br><br> --kata allotted to,specified as,meant for (cp.odissa &#38; odissaka) Vin.I,237 (maṁsa); II,163; D.I,166 = A.I,295 = Pug.55 (viz.bhikkhā); M.I,77; KhA 222; J.II,262,263 (bhatta).(Page 135),7,1
  13556. 432718,en,15,uddissana,uddissana,Uddissana,Uddissana,(nt.) [fr.uddissa] dedication PvA.27,80.(Page 135),9,1
  13557. 432728,en,15,uddita,uḍḍita,Uḍḍita,Uḍḍita,[pp.of uḍḍeti<sup>2</sup>] ensnared (?),bound,tied up S.I,40 (= taṇhāya ullaṅghita C.; trsl<sup>d.</sup> “the world is all strung up”).(Page 129),6,1
  13558. 432739,en,15,uddittha,uddiṭṭha,Uddiṭṭha,Uddiṭṭha,[pp.of uddisati] -- 1.pointed out,appointed,set out,put forth,proposed,put down,codified M.I,480 (pañha); Sn.p.91 (id.= uddesa-matten’eva vutta,na vibhaṅgena SnA 422); SnA 372.-- 2.appointed,dedicated J.V,393 (an °ṁ pupphaṁ = asukassa nāma dassāmī ti); PvA.50; KhA 138.(Page 135),8,1
  13559. 432777,en,15,uddiya,uddiya,Uddiya,Uddiya,(adj.) [Sk.udīcya?] northern,northwestern (i.e.Nepalese) J.IV,352 (°kambala) in expl<sup>n.</sup> of uddiyāna [Sk.udīcīna?].See udicca &#38; cp.Morris in J.P.T.S.1889,202,and last not least Lüders in K.Z.1920 (vol.49),233 sq.The word is not sufficiently cleared up yet.(Page 135),6,1
  13560. 432788,en,15,uddosita,uddosita,Uddosita,Uddosita,[Derivation uncertain.Cp.Müller P.Gr.42] shed,stable (?) Vin.I,140; II,278; III,200; IV,223.(Page 136),8,1
  13561. 432825,en,15,udeti,udeti,Udeti,Udeti,[ud + eti of <i>i</i> to go] to go out or up,to rise (of the sun),to come out,to increase Asl.169; Vism.156 (eko udetī ti ekodi); J.II,33; III,324; ppr.udayaṁ It.85 (ādicco), &#38; udayanto PvA.154 (udayante suriye = sole surgente).-- pp.<i>udita</i> (see udita<sup>1</sup>).Cp.<i>udicca</i> &#38; udi.(Page 135),5,1
  13562. 432832,en,15,udi,udi,Udi,Udi,(or <i>udī</i>) is artificial adj.form<sup>n.</sup> fr.udeti,meaning “rising,excelling”,in expl<sup>n.</sup> of ekodi at Vism.156 (udayatī ti udi uṭṭhapetī ti attho).(Page 134),3,1
  13563. 432843,en,15,udicca,udicca,Udicca,Udicca,(adj.) [apparently an adjectivised ger.of udeti but distorted from &#38; in meaning = Sk.udañc,f.udīcī northern,the north] “rising”,used in a geographical sense of the N.W.country,i.e.north-westerly,of north-western origin (cp.Brethren 79,Miln.trsl<sup>n.</sup> II.45 n.1) J.I,140,324,343,373; Miln.236.-- See also <i>uddiya</i>.(Page 134),6,1
  13564. 432856,en,15,udiccare,udiccare,Udiccare,Udiccare,3<sup>sd.</sup> pl.pres.med.of udikkhati (q.v.).(Page 134),8,1
  13565. 432879,en,15,udikkhati,udikkhati,Udikkhati,Udikkhati,[ud + <em>īkṣ</em>,Sk.udīkṣate] -- 1.to look at,to survey.to perceive Vin.I,25 (udiccare,3<sup>sd.</sup> pl.pres.med.); J.V,71,296; Vv 81<sup>21</sup> (aor.udikkhisaṁ = ullokesiṁ VvA.316); Dāvs II 109; Sdhp.308.-- 2.to look out for,to expect J.I,344; VvA.118.-- 3.to envy Miln.338.(Page 134),9,1
  13566. 432902,en,15,udikkhitar,udikkhitar,Udikkhitar,Udikkhitar,[n.ag.of udikkhati] one who looks for or after D III 167.(Page 134),10,1
  13567. 432920,en,15,udirana,udīraṇa,Udīraṇa,Udīraṇa,(nt.) [fr.udīreti] utterance,saying J.V,237; Dhs.637,720; Miln.145.(Page 134),7,1
  13568. 432950,en,15,udireti,udīreti,Udīreti,Udīreti,[ud + īreti,cp.in meaning īrita] -- 1.to set in motion,stir up,cause J.III,441 (dukkhaṁ udīraye Pot.= udīreyya C.); V,395 (kalahaṁ to begin a quarrel).-- 2.to utter,proclaim,speak,say S.I,190; Sn.632 (pot.°raye = bhāseyya SnA 468); Dh.408 (giraṁ udīraye = bhāseyya DhA.IV,182); J.V,78 (vākyaṁ); Pass.<i>udīyati</i> (uddiyyati = Sk.udīryate) Th.1,1232 (nigghoso).(Page 134),7,1
  13569. 432958,en,15,udirita,udīrita,Udīrita,Udīrita,[pp.of udīreti] uttered J.III,339; V,394 = 407.(Page 134),7,1
  13570. 432975,en,15,udita,udita,Udita,Udita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of <em>vad</em>,see vadati] spoken,proclaimed,uttered Vuttodaya 2 (quoted by Childers in Khuddaka-pātha ed.1869,p.22).(Page 134),5,1
  13571. 432976,en,15,udita,udita,Udita,Udita,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of ud-<em>i</em>,see udeti] risen,high,elevated Miln.222; (°odita); Dāvs.IV,42; Sdhp.14 (of the sun) 442 (°odita).(Page 134),5,1
  13572. 433000,en,15,udrabhati,udrabhati,Udrabhati,Udrabhati,[? doubtful in form &#38; etym.] to eat M.I,306 (upacikā bījaṁ na udrabheyyuṁ; vv.ll.on p.555:udrah°,udah°,udāh°,uddhah°,uṭṭhah°; udraheyyun ti khādeyyuṁ C.(udrabhāsane,Dhātum.)).-- Note.The Dhātupāṭha,212,and the Dhātu-mañjūsā,311,explain udrabha by adane,eating. Udraya ( &#38; Uddaya) (-°) [perhaps a bastard form of uddaya = udaya yielding etc.The BSk.usually renders P.dd by dr.If so,then equal to adaya &#38; uddaya<sup>1</sup>] coming forth,result,consequence.Usually in foll.two phrases:dukkh° (yielding pain) &#38; sukh° (giving pleasure); e.g.as dukkh° at M I 415; J.IV,398; V,119 (v.l.°indriya); Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup> (so read for T.°andriya,cp.undriyati as v.l.for udāyati); Ps.II,79 (kammaṁ); as sukh° at J.V,389 (v.l.°indriya); DhA.II,47 (°uddaya).Both dukkh° &#38; sukh° at Ps.I,80.Besides these in foll.comb<sup>ns.</sup>:kaṭuk° causing bitterness J.V,241; sa° with (good or evil) consequences S.II,29; M.I,271.(Page 137),9,1
  13573. 433021,en,15,udriyana,udrīyana,Udrīyana,Udrīyana, &#38; Uddīyana (nt.) [fr.udrīyati] breaking or splitting open,bursting J.I,72; DhA.II,7 (°sadda),100 (paṭhavī-uddīyana-sadda; vv.ll.uddri°,udri°).(Page 137),8,1
  13574. 433033,en,15,udriyati,udrīyati,Udrīyati,Udrīyati,( &#38; Uddīyati) [cp.Sk.ud dīryate,Pass of ud + dṛ,dṛṇōti,and P.darati &#38; dalati; see also avadīyati which may be a Sanskritised oddīyati for uddīyati] to burst,split open,break,fall to pieces Vin.I,148 (vihāro udriyati); II 174 (id); IV,254 (i); D.I,96 (°īyissati = bhijjhissati DA.I,96,so read for udāyati); S I 113,119.(Page 137),8,1
  13575. 433041,en,15,udu,udu,Udu,Udu,(adj.) [= *ṛtu? cp.utu &#38; uju] straight,upright,in °mano straight-minded D.III,167,168 (= uju° in v.l.and expl<sup>n.</sup> by C.).(Page 134),3,1
  13576. 433054,en,15,udukkhala,udukkhala,Udukkhala,Udukkhala,(m. &#38; nt.) [Sk.ulukhala] a mortar Vin.I,202 (+ musala pestle); J.I,502; II,428; V,49; II,161,335; Ud.69 (m; + musaḷa); DhA.II,131 (°sala); Vism.354 (in comp.).The relation between <i>udukkhala</i> and <i>musala</i> is seen best from the description of eating at Vism.344 and DA.I,200,where the lower teeth play the role of <i>ud</i>.,the upper teeth act as <i>m</i>.,while the tongue takes the part of a hand.On this passage &#38; other connections as well as etym.see Morris J.P.T.S.1893,37.(Page 135),9,1
  13577. 433095,en,15,udukkhalika,udukkhalikā,Udukkhalikā,Udukkhalikā,(f.) [fr.udukkhala] part of a door (threshold?) Vin.II,148 (+ uttara-pasaka lintel of a door).(Page 135),11,1
  13578. 433103,en,15,udumbara,udumbara,Udumbara,Udumbara,[Sk.udumbara] the glomerous fig tree,Ficus Glomerata D.II,4; Vin.IV,35; A.IV,283 (°khādika),283 (id.),324 (id.); Sn.5; DhA.I,284; SnA 19; KhA 46,56; VvA.213.Cp.<i>odumbara</i>.(Page 135),8,1
  13579. 433205,en,15,ugga,ugga,Ugga,Ugga,<sup>2</sup> = uggamana,in aruṇ-ugga sunrise Vin.IV,272.(Page 126),4,1
  13580. 433206,en,15,ugga,ugga,Ugga,Ugga,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Vedic ugra,from ukṣati,weak base of <em>vakṣ</em> as in vakṣana,vakṣayati = Gr.a)vέcw,Goth.wahsjan “to wax”,also Lat.augeo &#38; P.oja] mighty,huge,strong,fierce,grave,m.a mighty or great person,noble lord D.I,103; S.I,51 = VvA.116 (uggateja “the fiery heat”); J.IV,496; V,452 (°teja); VI,490 (+ rājaputtā,expl<sup>d.</sup> with etymologising effort as uggatā paññātā by C.); Miln.331; DhA.II,57 (°tapa); Sdhp.286 (°daṇḍa),304 (id.).‹-› Cp.sam°.As Np.at Vism.233 &#38; J.I,94.<br><br> <i>--putta</i> a nobleman,mighty lord S.I,185 (“high born warrior” trsl.); J.VI,353 (= amacca-putta C.); Th.1,1210.(Page 126),4,1
  13581. 433245,en,15,uggacchati,uggacchati,Uggacchati,Uggacchati,[ud + <em>gam</em>] to rise,get up out of (lit. &#38; fig.) Th.1,181; aruṇe uggacchante at sunrise VvA.75; Pv IV.8; Vism.43,ger.<i>uggañchitvāna</i> Miln.376.-- pp.<i>uggata</i> (q.v.).(Page 126),10,1
  13582. 433267,en,15,uggaha,uggaha,Uggaha,Uggaha,(adj) (-°) [fr.ud + <em>gṛh</em>,see gaṇhāti] -- 1.taking up,acquiring,learning Vism.96 (ācariy°),99 (°paripucchā),277 (kananaṭṭhānassa).-- 2.noticing,taking notice,perception (as opp.to manasikāra) Vism.125,241 sq.neg.an° Sn.912 (= gaṇhāti Nd<sup>1</sup> 330).Cp.<i>dhanuggaha</i>.(Page 126),6,1
  13583. 433291,en,15,uggahaka,uggāhaka,Uggāhaka,Uggāhaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.ud + <em>gṛh</em>,see uggaṇhāti] one who is eager to learn J.V,148 [cp.M Vastu III,373 <i>ogrāhaka</i> in same context].(Page 126),8,1
  13584. 433304,en,15,uggahamana,uggāhamāna,Uggāhamāna,Uggāhamāna,see uggaṇhāti.(Page 126),10,1
  13585. 433315,en,15,uggahana,uggahaṇa,Uggahaṇa,Uggahaṇa,(nt.) [fr.uggaṇhāti] learning,taking up,studying PvA.3 (sipp°).As <i>uggaṇhana</i> at Vism.277.(Page 126),8,1
  13586. 433351,en,15,uggahayati,uggahāyati,Uggahāyati,Uggahāyati,[poetic form of uggaheti (see uggaṇhati),but according to Kern,Toev.s.v.representing Ved.udgṛbhāyati] to take hold of,to take up Sn.791 (= gaṇhāti Nd<sup>1</sup> 91).-- ger.uggahāya Sn.837.(Page 126),10,1
  13587. 433367,en,15,uggahetar,uggahetar,Uggahetar,Uggahetar,[n.ag.to ugganhāti,Caus.uggaheti] one who takes up,acquires or learns A.IV,196.(Page 126),9,1
  13588. 433396,en,15,uggahita,uggahita,Uggahita,Uggahita,[pp.of uggaṇhāti] taken up,taken,acquired Vin.I,212; J.III,168 (°sippa,adj.),325; IV,220; VI 76; Vism.241.The metric form is <i>uggahīta</i> at Sn.795,833,1098; Nd<sup>1</sup> 175 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 152 (= gahita parāmaṭṭha).(Page 126),8,1
  13589. 433463,en,15,uggajjati,uggajjati,Uggajjati,Uggajjati,[ud + gajjati] to shout out Nd<sup>1</sup> 172.(Page 126),9,1
  13590. 433479,en,15,uggama,uggama,Uggama,Uggama,[fr.ud + <em>gam</em><i>;</i> Sk.udgama] rising up Sdhp.594.(Page 126),6,1
  13591. 433485,en,15,uggamana,uggamana,Uggamana,Uggamana,(°na) (nt.) [fr.ud + <em>gam</em>] going up,rising; rise (of sun &#38; stars) D.I,10,240; S.II,268 (suriy°); J.IV,321 (an°),388; Pv.II,9<sup>41</sup> (suriy°); DA.I,95 (= udayana); DhA.I,165 (aruṇ°); II,6 (id.); VvA.326 (oggaman°); PvA.109 (aruṇ°).Cp.ugga<sup>2</sup> &#38; uggama.(Page 126),8,1
  13592. 433580,en,15,ugganhati,uggaṇhāti,Uggaṇhāti,Uggaṇhāti,[ud + <em>gṛh</em>,see gaṇhāti] to take up,acquire,learn [cp.BSk.udgṛhṇāti in same sense,e.g.Divy 18,77 etc.] Sn.912 (uggahaṇanta = uggahaṇanti = uggaṇhanti SnA 561); imper.<i>uggaṇha</i> J.II,30 (sippaṁ) &#38; <i>uggaṇhāhi</i> Miln.10 (mantāni); ger.<i>uggayha</i> Sn.832,845; Nd<sup>1</sup> 173.-- Caus.<i>uggaheti</i> in same meaning Sdhp.520; aor.<i>uggahesi</i> Pv III,5<sup>4</sup> (nakkhatta-yogaṁ = akari PvA.198); ger.<i>uggahetvā</i> J.V,282,VvA.98 (vipassanākammaṭṭhānaṁ); infin.<i>uggahetuṁ</i> VvA.138 (sippaṁ to study a craft).-- Caus.II.<i>uggaṇhāpeti</i> to instruct J.V,217; VI,353.-- pp.<i>uggahita</i> (q.v.).See also <i>uggahāyati</i>.-- A peculiar ppr.med.is <i>uggāhamāna</i> going or wanting to learn DA.I,32 (cp.<i>uggāhaka</i>).(Page 126),9,1
  13593. 433637,en,15,uggara,uggāra,Uggāra,Uggāra,[ud + <em>gṛ</em> or <i>*</i><em>gḷ</em> to swallow,see gala &#38; gilati; lit.to swallow up] spitting out,vomiting,ejection Vism.54; DA.I,41; KhA 61.(Page 126),6,1
  13594. 433667,en,15,uggata,uggata,Uggata,Uggata,[pp.of uggacchati] come out,risen; high,lofty,exalted J.IV,213 (suriya),296 (°atta),490; V,244; Pv IV.1<sup>4</sup> (°atta one who has risen = uggata-sabhāva samiddha PvA.220); VvA.217 (°mānasa); DA.I,248; PvA.68 (°phāsuka with ribs come out or showing,i.e.emaciated,for upphāsulika).Cp.acc°.(Page 126),6,1
  13595. 433730,en,15,uggatta,uggatta,Uggatta,Uggatta,in all Pv.readings is to be read <i>uttatta°</i>,thus at Pv III,3<sup>2</sup>; PvA.10,188.(Page 126),7,1
  13596. 433734,en,15,uggatthana,uggatthana,Uggatthana,Uggatthana,at J.VI,590 means a kind of ornament or trinket,it should prob.be read <i>ugghaṭṭana</i> [fr.ghaṭṭeti] lit.“tinkling”,i.e.a bangle.(Page 126),10,1
  13597. 433769,en,15,ugghamseti,ugghaṁseti,Ugghaṁseti,Ugghaṁseti,[ud + <em>ghṛṣ</em>,see ghaṁsati<sup>1</sup>] to rub Vin.II,106.‹-› pp.<i>ugghaṭṭha</i> (q.v.).(Page 126),10,1
  13598. 433782,en,15,uggharati,uggharati,Uggharati,Uggharati,[ud + <em>kṣar</em>] to ooze Th.1,394 = DhA.III,117.(Page 127),9,1
  13599. 433800,en,15,ugghata,ugghāta,Ugghāta,Ugghāta,[ud + ghāta] shaking,jolting; jolt,jerk Vin.II,276 (yān°); J.VI,253 (an°); DhA.III,283 (yān°).(Page 127),7,1
  13600. 433812,en,15,ugghatana,ugghāṭana,Ugghāṭana,Ugghāṭana,(nt.?) [fr.ugghāṭeti] that which can be removed,in <i>°kiṭikā</i> a curtain to be drawn aside Vin.II,153 (cp.Vin Texts III,174,176).Ch s.v.gives “rope &#38; bucket of a well” as meaning (kavāṭaṁ anugghāṭeti).Cp.<i>ugghaṭanā</i>.(Page 127),9,1
  13601. 433846,en,15,ugghateti,ugghaṭeti,Ugghaṭeti,Ugghaṭeti,[ud + ghaṭati] to open,reveal (? so Hardy in Index to Nett) Nett 9; <i>ugghaṭiyati </i>&<i> ugghaṭanā</i> ibid.(Page 126),9,1
  13602. 433855,en,15,ugghateti,ugghāṭeti,Ugghāṭeti,Ugghāṭeti,[for ugghaṭṭeti,ud + ghaṭṭ but BSk.udghāṭayati Divy 130] to remove,take away,unfasten,abolish,put an end to Vin.II,148 (tālāni),208 (ghaṭikaṁ); IV,37; J.II,31; VI,68; Miln.140 (bhava-paṭisandhiṁ),371; Vism.374.-- Caus.II.<i>ugghāṭāpeti</i> to have opened J.V,381.(Page 127),9,1
  13603. 433887,en,15,ugghati,ugghāti,Ugghāti,Ugghāti,(f.) [fr.ud + ghāta] -- 1.shaking,shock VvA.36.-- 2.striking,conquering; victory,comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>nighāti</i> Sn.828; Nd<sup>1</sup> 167; SnA 541; Nett 110 (T.reads ugghāta°).(Page 127),7,1
  13604. 433899,en,15,ugghatita,ugghaṭita,Ugghaṭita,Ugghaṭita,(adj.) [pp.of ud + ghaṭati; cp.BSk.udghaṭaka skilled Divy 3,26 and phrase at M Vastu III,260 udghaṭitajña] striving,exerting oneself; keen,eager in cpd.<i>°ññū</i> of quick understanding A.II,135; Pug.41; Nett 7--9,125; DA.I,291.(Page 126),9,1
  13605. 433906,en,15,ugghatita,ugghāṭita,Ugghāṭita,Ugghāṭita,[pp.of ugghāṭeti] opened Miln.55; DhA.I,134.(Page 127),9,1
  13606. 433914,en,15,ugghatita,ugghātita,Ugghātita,Ugghātita,[pp.of ugghāteti,denom.fr.udghāta] struck,killed A.III,68.(Page 127),9,1
  13607. 433953,en,15,ugghatta,ugghaṭṭa,Ugghaṭṭa,Ugghaṭṭa,(Ugghaṭṭha?) [should be pp.of ugghaṁsati = Sk.udghṛṣṭa,see ghaṁsati<sup>1</sup>,but taken by Bdhgh.either as pp.of or an adj.der.fr.ghaṭṭ,see ghaṭṭeti] knocked,crushed,rubbed against,only in phrase <i>ughaṭṭa-pāda</i> foot-sore Sn.980 (= maggakkamaṇena ghaṭṭa-pādatala etc.SnA 582); J.IV,20 (ṭṭh; expl<sup>d.</sup> by uṇha-vālukāya ghaṭṭapāda); V,69 (= raj okiṇṇa-pāda C.not to the point).(Page 126),8,1
  13608. 433966,en,15,ugghosana,ugghosanā,Ugghosanā,Ugghosanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ugghoseti,cp.ghosanā] proclamation DA.I,310.(Page 127),9,1
  13609. 433998,en,15,ugghoseti,ugghoseti,Ugghoseti,Ugghoseti,[ud + ghoseti] to shout out,announce,proclaim J.I,75; DhA.II,94; PvA.127.(Page 127),9,1
  13610. 434027,en,15,uggilati,uggilati,Uggilati,Uggilati,= uggirati<sup>1</sup>,i.e.to spit out (opp.ogilati) M.I,393; S.IV,323; J.III,529; Miln.5; PvA.283.(Page 126),8,1
  13611. 434060,en,15,uggirati,uggirati,Uggirati,Uggirati,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.udgurate,ud + <em>gur</em>] to lift up,carry Vin.IV,147 = DhA.III,50 (talasattikaṁ expl<sup>d.</sup> by uccāreti); J.I,150 (āvudhāni); VI,460,472.Cp.sam°.(Page 126),8,1
  13612. 434061,en,15,uggirati,uggirati,Uggirati,Uggirati,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.udgirati,ud + <em>gṛ</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>; but BSk.udgirati in meaning to sing,chant,utter,formation fr.<em>gṛ</em><i><sup>2</sup></i> instead of <i>gṛ<sup>1</sup></i>,pres.gṛṇāti; in giraṁ udgirati Jtm 31<sup>26</sup>.-- The by-form uggirati is uggilati with interchange of ḷ and ṛ,roots *<em>gṛ</em> &#38; *gḷ,see gala &#38; gilati] to vomit up (“swallow up”) to spit out Ud.14 (uggiritvāna); DA.I,41 (uggāraṁ uggiranto).Cp.BSk.prodgīrṇa cast out Divy 589.(Page 126),8,1
  13613. 434084,en,15,uggiva,uggīva,Uggīva,Uggīva,(nt.) [ud + gīva] a neckband to hold a basket hanging down J.VI,562 (uggīvañ c’âpi aṁsato = aṁsakūṭe pacchi-lagganakaṁ C.).(Page 126),6,1
  13614. 434095,en,15,uha,ūha,Ūha,Ūha,see vy°,sam°.(Page 159),3,1
  13615. 434099,en,15,uha,ūhā,Ūhā,Ūhā,(f.) [etym.?] life,only in cpd.āyūha lifetime PvA.136,162 (°pariyosāna).-- As N.of a river at Miln.70.‹-› Cp.BSk.ūhā in ūhāpoha Av.S.I,209,235.(Page 159),3,1
  13616. 434110,en,15,uhacca,ūhacca,Ūhacca,Ūhacca,<sup>2</sup> (indecl.) [ger.of ūhanati<sup>2</sup> = ūhadati] soiling by defecation,defecating J.II,71 (= vaccaṁ katvā C.).(Page 159),6,1
  13617. 434111,en,15,uhacca,ūhacca,Ūhacca,Ūhacca,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [ger.of ūharati,ud + <i>hṛ</i> (or ava + <i>hṛ</i>,cp.ohacca &#38; oharati) for uddharati 1 &#38; 2] -- 1.lifting up,raising or rising J.III,206.-- 2.pulling out,taking away,removing D.II,254 (cp.DhA.II,181); S.I,27 (v.l.for ohacca); Sn.1119 (= uddharitvā uppāṭayitvā Nd<sup>2</sup> 171).(Page 159),6,1
  13618. 434123,en,15,uhadati,ūhadati,Ūhadati,Ūhadati,[for ūhanati<sup>2</sup> (?) or formed secondarily fr.ūhacca or ohacca?] to defecate J.II,355; DhA.II,181 (so read with v.l.for T.ūhadayati).(Page 159),7,1
  13619. 434136,en,15,uhana,ūhana,Ūhana,Ūhana,(nt.) [fr.ūhanati?] reasoning,consideration,examination Miln.32 (“comprehension” trsl.; as characteristic of manasikāra); Vism.142 = DhsA.114 (“prescinding” trsl.; as characteristic of vitakka).(Page 159),5,1
  13620. 434146,en,15,uhanati,ūhanati,Ūhanati,Ūhanati,<sup>2</sup> [either ud + <em>han</em> or ava + <em>han</em>,cp.ohanati] 1.to cut off,discharge,emit,defecate Vin.I,78; III,227.‹-› 2.[prob.for ūharati,cp.ūhacca<sup>1</sup>] to lift up,to take away M.I,117 (opp.odahati).Cp.ohana in bimb ohana.‹-› ger.<i>ūhacca<sup>2</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 159),7,1
  13621. 434147,en,15,uhanati,ūhanati,Ūhanati,Ūhanati,<sup>1</sup> [ud + han] to disturb,shake up,defile,soil M.I,243; J.II,73.-- Pass.aor.ūhani:see <i>ūhaññati</i>.-- pp.<i>ūhata<sup>2</sup></i> (q.v.).Cp.sam°.(Page 159),7,1
  13622. 434156,en,15,uhannati,ūhaññati,Ūhaññati,Ūhaññati,[Pass.of ūhanati<sup>1</sup>] to be soiled; to be disturbed aor.ūhaññi Vin.I,48; M.I,116; aor.also ūhani M.I,243.(Page 159),8,1
  13623. 434165,en,15,uharati,ūharati,Ūharati,Ūharati,[for uddharati] only in forms of ger.<i>ūhacca<sup>1</sup></i> and pp.<i>ūhata<sup>1</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 159),7,1
  13624. 434168,en,15,uhasana,ūhasana,Ūhasana,Ūhasana,(nt.) [fr.ūhasati] laughing,mocking Miln.127.(Page 159),7,1
  13625. 434177,en,15,uhasati,ūhasati,Ūhasati,Ūhasati,[either ud or ava + <em>has</em>,cp.avahasati] to laugh at,deride,mock A.III,91; J.V,452 (+ pahasati); Pug.67 (= avahasati Pug.A 249).(Page 159),7,1
  13626. 434186,en,15,uhata,ūhata,Ūhata,Ūhata,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of ūhanati<sup>1</sup>] disturbed M.I,116.(Page 159),5,1
  13627. 434187,en,15,uhata,ūhata,Ūhata,Ūhata,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of ud + <em>hṛ</em> or <em>dhṛ</em> thus for uddhaṭa as well as uddhata] -- 1.lifted,risen,raised Vin.III,70; J.V,403.‹-› 2.taken out,pulled out,destroyed Th.1,223 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 97<sup>4</sup>; Th.1,514; Dh.338 (= ucchinna DhA.IV,48).-- 3.soiled with excrements Vin.II,222.(Page 159),5,1
  13628. 434189,en,15,uhunkara,uhuṅkara,Uhuṅkara,Uhuṅkara,[onomat.uhu + kara,see under ulūka] an owl (lit.“uhu”--maker) J.VI,538 (= ulūka C.).(Page 158),8,1
  13629. 434278,en,15,ujjagghati,ujjagghati,Ujjagghati,Ujjagghati,[ud + jagghati] to laugh at,deride,mock,make fun of Vin.III,128; Th.2,74 (spelt jjh = hasati ThA.78); A.III,91 (ujjh°,v.l.ujj°) = Pug.67 (= pāṇiṁ paharitvā mahāhasitaṁ hasati Pug.A 249).(Page 128),10,1
  13630. 434304,en,15,ujjahati,ujjahati,Ujjahati,Ujjahati,[ud + jahati] to give up,let go; imper.ujjaha S.I,188; Th.2,19; Sn.342.(Page 128),8,1
  13631. 434318,en,15,ujjala,ujjala,Ujjala,Ujjala,(adj.) [ud + <em>jval</em>,see jalati] blazing,flashing; bright,beautiful J.I,220; Dāvs II.63.(Page 128),6,1
  13632. 434341,en,15,ujjalati,ujjalati,Ujjalati,Ujjalati,[ud + jalati,<em>jval</em>] to blaze up,shine forth Vin.I,31; VvA.161 (+ jotati).-- Caus.<i>ujjāleti</i> to make shine,to kindle Vin.I,31; Miln.259; Vism.428; ThA.69 (Ap.V.14,read dīpāṁ ujjālayiṁ); VvA.51 (padīpaṁ).(Page 128),8,1
  13633. 434401,en,15,ujjangala,ujjaṅgala,Ujjaṅgala,Ujjaṅgala,[ud + jaṅgala] hard,barren soil; a very sandy and deserted place D.II,146 (°nagaraka,trsl.“town in the midst of a jungle”,cp.Dial.II.161); J.I,391; Vv 85<sup>5</sup> (= ukkaṁsena jaṅgala i.e.exceedingly dusty or sandy,dry); Pv.II,9<sup>70</sup> (spelt ujjhaṅgala,expl<sup>d.</sup> by ativiya-thaddhabhūmibhāga at PvA.139); Vism.107.Also in BSk.ujjaṅgala,e.g.M Vastu II.207.(Page 128),9,1
  13634. 434412,en,15,ujjava,ujjava,Ujjava,Ujjava,(adj.) [ud + java] “running up”,in cpd.ujjav-ujjava a certain term in the art of spinning or weaving Vin.IV,300,expl<sup>d.</sup> by “yattakaṁ patthena (patthana?) añcitaṁ hoti tasmi takkamhi vedhite”.(Page 128),6,1
  13635. 434427,en,15,ujjavanikaya,ujjavanikāya,Ujjavanikāya,Ujjavanikāya,Instr.fem.of ujjavanaka used as adv.[ud + javanaka,q.v.] up-stream,lit “running up” Vin.II,290; IV,65 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of uddhaṁgāmin,opp.ojavanikāya).(Page 128),12,1
  13636. 434434,en,15,ujjavati,ujjavati,Ujjavati,Ujjavati,[ud + javati] to go up-stream Vin.II,301.(Page 128),8,1
  13637. 434475,en,15,ujjhaggati,ujjhaggati,Ujjhaggati,Ujjhaggati,see <i>ujjagghati</i>.(Page 128),10,1
  13638. 434481,en,15,ujjhaggika,ujjhaggikā,Ujjhaggikā,Ujjhaggikā,(f.) [fr.ujjagghati,spelling varies] loud laughter Vin.II,213,cp.IV.187.(Page 128),10,1
  13639. 434490,en,15,ujjhana,ujjhāna,Ujjhāna,Ujjhāna,(nt.) [ud + jhāna<sup>1</sup> or jhāna<sup>2</sup>?] -- 1.taking offence,captiousness Dh.253 (= paresaṁ randha-gavesitāya DhA.III,377); Miln.352 (an°-bahula).-- 2.complaining,wailing J.IV,287.<br><br> <i>--saññin</i>,<i> --saññika</i> irritable S.I,23; Th.1,958; Vin.II,214,cp.IV.194; Dpvs II.6; DhA.III,376 (°saññitā irritability).(Page 128),7,1
  13640. 434521,en,15,ujjhapana,ujjhāpana,Ujjhāpana,Ujjhāpana,(nt.) [fr.ud + jhāyati<sup>1</sup> or jhāyati<sup>2</sup> to burn,to which jhāpeti to bring to ruin etc.? cp.ujjhāna] stirring up,provoking J.V,91 (devat°),94 (°kamma).(Page 128),9,1
  13641. 434526,en,15,ujjhapanaka,ujjhāpanaka,Ujjhāpanaka,Ujjhāpanaka,(adj.) [fr.ujjhāpana] one who stirs up another to discontent Vin.IV,38.(Page 128),11,1
  13642. 434559,en,15,ujjhapeti,ujjhāpeti,Ujjhāpeti,Ujjhāpeti,[Caus.of ujjhāyati] to harass,vex,irritate M.I,126; S.I,209 (“give occasion for offence”); Vin.IV,38 (cp.p.356); J.V,286; PvA.266.(Page 128),9,1
  13643. 434577,en,15,ujjhati,ujjhati,Ujjhati,Ujjhati,[Sk.ujjhati,<em>ujjh</em>] -- 1.to forsake,leave,give up J.VI,138; Dāvs II.86.-- 2.to sweep or brush away J.VI,296.-- pp.<i>ujjhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 128),7,1
  13644. 434585,en,15,ujjhatti,ujjhatti,Ujjhatti,Ujjhatti,(f.) [fr.ud + jhāyati<sup>1</sup>,corresponding to a Sk.*ud-dhyāti] irritation,discontent A.IV,223,467 (v.l.ujj°); cp.<i>ujjhāna</i>.(Page 128),8,1
  13645. 434610,en,15,ujjhayati,ujjhāyati,Ujjhāyati,Ujjhāyati,[ud + jhāyati<sup>1</sup> or perhaps more likely jhāyati<sup>2</sup> to burn,fig.to be consumed.According to Müller P.G.pp.12 &#38; 42 = Sk.ava-<em>dhyā</em>,but that is doubtful phonetically as well as semantically] to be irritated,to be annoyed or offended,to get angry,grumble; often in phrase <i>ujjhāyati khīyati vipāceti</i> expressing great annoyance Vin.I,53,62,73; II,207; IV,226; S.I,232 &#38; passim.-- S.I,232 (mā ujjhāyittha); J.II,15; DhA.II,20; aor.ujjhāyi J.I,475; DhA.II,88; inf.ujjhātuṁ J.II,355.‹-› Caus.<i>ujjhāpeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 128),9,1
  13646. 434639,en,15,ujjhita,ujjhita,Ujjhita,Ujjhita,[pp.of ujjhati] destitute,forsaken; thrown out,cast away M.I,296 (+ avakkhitta); Th.1,315 (itthi); 2,386 (cp.ThA.256 vātakkhitto viya yo koci dahano); Dh.58 (= chaḍḍita of sweepings DhA.I,445); J.III,499; V,302; VI,51.(Page 128),7,1
  13647. 434669,en,15,ujjota,ujjota,Ujjota,Ujjota,[ud + *<em>jot</em> of jotati,Sk.uddyotate] light,lustre J.I,183 (°kara); Miln.321.(Page 128),6,1
  13648. 434701,en,15,ujjotita,ujjotita,Ujjotita,Ujjotita,[pp.of ujjoteti,ud + joteti] illumined Dāvs.V,53.(Page 128),8,1
  13649. 434708,en,15,ujju,ujju,Ujju,Ujju, &#38; Ujjuka see <i>uju </i>&<i> ujuka</i>.(Page 128),4,1
  13650. 434731,en,15,uju,uju,Uju,Uju, &#38; Ujju (adj.) [Vedic ṛju,also ṛjyati,irajyate to stretch out:cp.Gr.o]rέgw to stretch; Lat.rego to govern; Goth.ufrakjan to straighten up; Ohg.recchen = Ger.recken = E.reach; Oir.rēn span.See also P.ajjava] straight,direct; straightforward,honest,upright D.III,150 T.ujja),352 (do.) 422,550; Vv 18<sup>7</sup> (= sabba-jimha-vaṅka-kuṭilabhāv’âpagama-hetutāya u.VvA.96); Pug.59; Vbh.244 (ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya); Vism.219 (uju avaṅka akuṭila); DA.I,210 (id.),KhA 236; DhA.I,288 (cittaṁ ujuṁ akuṭilaṁ nibbisevanaṁ karoti); VvA.281 (°koṭi-vaṅka); PvA.123 (an°).<br><br> <i>--aṅgin</i> (ujjaṅgin) having straight limbs,neg.an° not having straight limbs,i.e.pliable,skilful,nimble,graceful J.V,40 (= kañcana-sannibha-sarīra C.); VI,500 (T.anuccaṅgin = anindita-agarahitaṅgin C.).<i>--gata</i> walking straight,of upright life M.I,46; A.III,285 sq.(°citta); V,290 sq.; Sn.350 (ujju°),477 (id.); Dh.108 (ujju°,see DhA.II,234 for interpretation).<i>--gāmin</i>,neg.an° going crooked,a snake J.IV,330.<i>--cittatā</i> straightness,unwieldiness of heart Vbh.350.<i>--diṭṭhitā</i> the fact of having a straightforward view or theory (of life) Miln.257.<i>--paṭipanna</i> living uprightly D.I,192; S.IV,304; V,343; Vism.219.<i>--magga</i> the straight road D.I,235; Vin.V,149; It.104; J.I,344; VI,252; DhA.II,192.<i>--bhāva</i> straightness,uprightness SnA 292,317; PvA.51.<i>--bhūta</i> straight,upright S.I,100,170; II,279,V.384,404; A.II,57; IV,292; J.I,94; V,293 (an°); Vv 34<sup>23</sup> (see VvA.155); Pv.I,10<sup>10</sup> (= citta-jimha-vaṅkakutīla-bhāva-karānaṁ kilesānaṁ abhāvena ujubhāvappatta PvA.51).<i>--vaṁsa</i> straight lineage,direct descendency J.V,251.<i>--vāta</i> a soft wind Miln.283.<i>--vipaccanīka</i> in direct opposition D.I,1; M.I,402; DA.I,38.(Page 128),3,1
  13651. 434790,en,15,ujuka,ujuka,Ujuka,Ujuka, &#38; Ujjuka (adj.) [uju + ka] straight,direct,upright M.I,124; S.I,33 (ujuko so maggo,the road to Nibbāna),260 (citta); IV,298; V,143,165; J.I,163; V,297 (opp.khujja); DhA.I,18 (°magga); Sdhp.321.<i>--anujjuka</i> crooked,not straight S.IV,299; J.III,318.(Page 128),5,1
  13652. 434812,en,15,ujukata,ujukatā,Ujukatā,Ujukatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ujuka] straightness,rectitude Dhs.50,51 (kāyassa,cittassa); Vism.436 sq.(Page 128),7,1
  13653. 434861,en,15,ujuta,ujutā,Ujutā,Ujutā,(f.) [abstr.of uju] straight(forward)ness,rectitude Dhs.50,51.(Page 128),5,1
  13654. 434884,en,15,uka,ūkā,Ūkā,Ūkā,(f.) [Sk.yūkā,prob.dialectical] a louse J.I,453; II,324; III,393; V,298; Miln.11; Vism.445; DhsA.307,319; DhA.III,342; VvA.86.<br><br> is also used as linear measure (cp.Sk.yūkālikṣaṁ) VbhA.343 (where 7 likkhā are said to equal 1 ūkā).(Page 158),3,1
  13655. 434907,en,15,ukka,ukkā,Ukkā,Ukkā,(f.) [Vedic ulkā &#38; ulkuṣī,cp.Gr.a]/flac (= lamprώs torch Hesychius),velxάnos (= Volcanus); Lat.Volcanus,Oir.Olcān,Idg.<i>*ǔI̊q</i> to be fiery] 1.firebrand,glow of fire,torch D.I,49,108; S.II,264; Th.2,488 (°ûpama); J.I,34 (dhamm-okkā); II,401; IV,291; V,322; Vism.428; ThA.287; DA.I,148; DhA.I,42,205; PvA.154.Esp.as tiṇ° firebrand of dry grass M.I,128,365; Nd<sup>2</sup> 40<sup>Ie</sup>; DhA.I,126; Sdhp.573.-- 2.a furnace or forge of a smith A.I,210,257; J.VI,437; see also below °mukha.‹-› 3.a meteor:see below °pāta.<br><br> <i>--dhāra</i> a torch-bearer Sn.335; It.108; Miln.1.<i>--pāta</i> “falling of a firebrand”,a meteor D.I,10 (= ākāsato ukkānaṁ patanaṁ DA.I,95); J.I,374; VI,476; Miln.178.<i>--mukha</i> the opening or receiver of a furnace,a goldsmith’s smelting pot A.I,257; J.VI,217 (= kammār’uddhana C.),574; Sn.686; DhA.II,250.(Page 125),4,1
  13656. 434915,en,15,ukkacana,ukkācanā,Ukkācanā,Ukkācanā,(f.) [fr.ukkāceti,ud + <i>*</i><em>kāc</em>,see ukkācita] enlightening,clearing up,instruction Vbh.352 (in def.of lapanā,v.l.°kāpanā).Note Kern,Toev.s.v.compares Vism.p.115 &#38; Sk.uddīpana in same sense.Def.at Vism.27 (= uddīpanā).(Page 125),8,1
  13657. 434930,en,15,ukkaceti,ukkāceti,Ukkāceti,Ukkāceti,[according to Morris J.P.T.S.1884,112 a denom.fr.kāca<sup>2</sup> a carrying pole,although the idea of a bucket is somewhat removed from that of a pole] to bale out water,to empty by means of buckets J.II,70 (v.l.ussiñcati).(Page 125),8,1
  13658. 434939,en,15,ukkacita,ukkācita,Ukkācita,Ukkācita,[pp.either to *<em>kāc</em> to shine or to kāceti denom.fr.kāca<sup>1</sup>] enlightened,made bright (fig.) or cleaned,cleared up A.I,72,286 (°vinīta parisā enlightened &#38; trained).(Page 125),8,1
  13659. 434984,en,15,ukkala,ukkala,Ukkala,Ukkala,in phrase ukkala-vassa-bhañña S.III,73 = A.II,31 = Kvu 141 is trsl<sup>d.</sup> as “the folk of Ukkala,Lenten speakers of old” (see Kvu trsl.95 with n.2).Another interpretation is ukkalāvassa°,i.e.ukkalā + avassa° [*avaśya°],one who speaks of,or like,a porter (ukkala = Sk utkala porter,one who carries a load) and bondsman M.III,78 reads Okkalā (v.l.Ukkalā)--Vassa-Bhaññā,all as N.pr.(Page 124),6,1
  13660. 434995,en,15,ukkalapa,ukkalāpa,Ukkalāpa,Ukkalāpa,see <i>uklāpa</i>.(Page 124),8,1
  13661. 434999,en,15,ukkalissati,ukkalissati,Ukkalissati,Ukkalissati,[= ukkilissati? ud + kilissati] to become depraved,to revoke(?) Miln.143.(Page 125),11,1
  13662. 435007,en,15,ukkamana,ukkamana,Ukkamana,Ukkamana,(nt.) [fr.ukkamati] stepping away from Vism.374.(Page 124),8,1
  13663. 435027,en,15,ukkamati,ukkamati,Ukkamati,Ukkamati,(or <i>okkamati</i> which is v.l.at all passages quoted) [ud + kamati from <em>kram</em>] to step aside,step out from (w.Abl.),depart from A.III,301 (maggā); J.III,531; IV,101 (maggā); Ud.13 (id.); DA.I,185 (id.).Caus.<i>ukkāmeti;</i> Caus.II.<i>ukkamāpeti</i> J.II,3.(Page 124),8,1
  13664. 435033,en,15,ukkameti,ukkāmeti,Ukkāmeti,Ukkāmeti,[Caus.of ukkamati] to cause to step aside J.VI,11.(Page 125),8,1
  13665. 435050,en,15,ukkamsa,ukkaṁsa,Ukkaṁsa,Ukkaṁsa,[fr.ud + <em>kṛṣ</em> see ukkassati] exaltation,excellence,superiority (opp.avakkaṁsa) D.I,54 (ukkaṁs-âvakkaṁsa = hāyana-vaḍḍhana DA.I,165); M.I,518; Vism.563 (id.); VvA.146 (°gata excellent),335 (Instr.ukkaṁsena par excellence,exceedingly); PvA.228 (°vasena,with ref.to devatās; v.l.SS okk°).(Page 124),7,1
  13666. 435088,en,15,ukkamsaka,ukkaṁsaka,Ukkaṁsaka,Ukkaṁsaka,(adj.) [fr.ukkaṁsa] raising,exalting (oneself),extolling M.I,19 (att°; opp.para-vambhin); J.II,152.Cp.<i>sāmukkaṁsika</i>.(Page 124),9,1
  13667. 435098,en,15,ukkamsana,ukkaṁsanā,Ukkaṁsanā,Ukkaṁsanā,(f.) [abstr.of ukkaṁsati] raising,extolling,exaltation,in att° self-exaltation,self-praise M.I,402 (opp.para-vambhanā); Nd<sup>2</sup> 505 (id.).(Page 124),9,1
  13668. 435139,en,15,ukkamsati,ukkaṁsati,Ukkaṁsati,Ukkaṁsati,[ud + <em>kṛṣ</em>,karṣati,lit.draw or up,raise] to exalt,praise M.I,498; J.IV,108.-- pp.<i>ukkaṭṭha</i>.<i> -- ukkaṁseti</i> in same meaning M.I,402 sq.(attānaṁ u.paraṁ vambheti); A.II,27; Nd<sup>2</sup> 141.(Page 124),9,1
  13669. 435201,en,15,ukkanna,ukkaṇṇa,Ukkaṇṇa,Ukkaṇṇa,(adj.) [ud + kaṇṇa] having the ears erect (?) J.VI,559.(Page 124),7,1
  13670. 435209,en,15,ukkannaka,ukkaṇṇaka,Ukkaṇṇaka,Ukkaṇṇaka,(ad.) [ut + kaṇṇa + ka lit.“with ears out” or is it ukkandaka?] a certain disease (? mange) of jackals,S.II,230,271; S.A.“the fur falls off from the whole body” .(Page 124),9,1
  13671. 435220,en,15,ukkantati,ukkantati,Ukkantati,Ukkantati,[ud + kantati] to cut out,tear out,skin Vin.I,217 (°itva); J.I,164; IV,210 (v.l.for okk°); V,10 (ger.ukkacca); Pv III,9<sup>4</sup> (ukkantvā,v.l.BB ukkacca); PvA.210 (v.l.SS ni°),211 (= chinditvā).(Page 124),9,1
  13672. 435226,en,15,ukkantha,ukkaṇṭhā,Ukkaṇṭhā,Ukkaṇṭhā,(f.) [fr.ukkanṭḥ°] longing,desire; distress,regret Nett 88; PvA.55 (spelt kkh),60,145,152.(Page 124),8,1
  13673. 435241,en,15,ukkanthana,ukkaṇṭhanā,Ukkaṇṭhanā,Ukkaṇṭhanā,(f.) [fr.ukkaṇṭhati] emotion,commotion D.II,239.(Page 124),10,1
  13674. 435272,en,15,ukkanthati,ukkaṇṭhati,Ukkaṇṭhati,Ukkaṇṭhati,[fr.ud + <em>kaṇṭh</em> in secondary meaning of kaṇṭha neck,lit.to stretch one’s neck for anything; i.e.long for,be hungry after,etc.] to long for,to be dissatisfied,to fret J.I,386 (°māna); III,143 (°itvā); IV,3,160; V,10 (anukkhaṇṭhanto); DhsA.407; PvA.162 (mā ukkaṇṭhi,v.l.ukkaṇhi,so read for T.mā khuṇḍali).-- pp.<i>ukkaṇṭhita</i> (q.v.).Cp.pari°.(Page 124),10,1
  13675. 435287,en,15,ukkanthi,ukkaṇṭhi,Ukkaṇṭhi,Ukkaṇṭhi,(f.) [fr.ukkanṭḥ°] longing,dissatisfaction ThA.239 (= arati).(Page 124),8,1
  13676. 435292,en,15,ukkanthika,ukkaṇṭhikā,Ukkaṇṭhikā,Ukkaṇṭhikā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ukkaṇṭhita] = ukkaṇṭhi,i.e.longing,state of distress,pain J.III,643.(Page 124),10,1
  13677. 435306,en,15,ukkanthita,ukkaṇṭhita,Ukkaṇṭhita,Ukkaṇṭhita,[pp.of ukkaṇṭhati] dissatisfied,regretting,longing,fretting J.I,196; II,92,115; III,185; Miln.281; DhA.IV,66,225; PvA.13 (an°),55,187.(Page 124),10,1
  13678. 435334,en,15,ukkantikam,ukkantikaṁ,Ukkantikaṁ,Ukkantikaṁ,(nt.adv.),in jhān° &#38; kasiṇ°,after the method of stepping away from or skipping Vism.374.(Page 124),10,1
  13679. 435356,en,15,ukkapindaka,ukkapiṇḍaka,Ukkapiṇḍaka,Ukkapiṇḍaka,[etymology unknown] only in pl.; vermin,Vin.I,211 = 239.See comment at Vin.Texts II.70.(Page 124),11,1
  13680. 435368,en,15,ukkara,ukkāra,Ukkāra,Ukkāra,[fr.ud + <em>kṛ</em> “do out”] dung,excrement J.IV,485,otherwise only in cpd.<i>ukkāra-bhūmi</i> dung-hill J.I,5,146 (so read for ukkar°),II.40; III,16,75,377; IV,72,305; Vism.196 (°ûpama kuṇapa); DhA.III,208.Cp.<i>uccāra</i>.(Page 125),6,1
  13681. 435405,en,15,ukkasati,ukkāsati,Ukkāsati,Ukkāsati,[ud + kāsati of <em>kas</em> to cough] to “ahem”! to cough,to clear one’s throat Vin.II,222; IV,16; M.II,4; A.V,65; aor.ukkāsi J.I,161,217.-- pp.<i>ukkāsita</i>.(Page 125),8,1
  13682. 435423,en,15,ukkasika,ukkāsikā,Ukkāsikā,Ukkāsikā,(f.?) [doubtful] at Vin.II,106 is not clear.Vin Texts III,68 leave it untranslated.Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n.</sup> is vattavaṭṭi (patta°? a leaf? Cp.S.III,141),prob.= vaṭṭi (Sk.varti a kind of pad).See details given by Morris J.P.T.S.1887,113,who trsl<sup>s.</sup> “rubber,a kind of pad or roll of cotton with which the delicate bather could rub himself without too much friction”.(Page 125),8,1
  13683. 435431,en,15,ukkasita,ukkāsita,Ukkāsita,Ukkāsita,[pp.of ukkāsati] coughed,clearing one’s throat,coughed out,hawking D.I,89; Bu I.52 (+ khipita) ‹-› <i>°sadda</i> the noise of clearing the throat D.I,50; J.I,119; DhA.I,250 (+ khipita°).(Page 125),8,1
  13684. 435460,en,15,ukkattha,ukkaṭṭha,Ukkaṭṭha,Ukkaṭṭha,(adj.) [pp.of ukkaṁsati] -- 1.exalted,high,prominent,glorious,excellent,most freq.opp.to <i>hīna</i>,in phrase hīna-m-ukkaṭṭha-majjhime Vin.IV,7; J.I,20 (v.129),22 (v.143); III,218 (= uttama C.).In other comb<sup>n.</sup> at Vism.64 (u.majjhima mudu referring to the 3 grades of the Dhutangas); SnA 160 (dvipadā sabbasattānaṁ ukkaṭṭhā); VvA.105 (superl.ukkaṭṭhatama with ref.to Gotama as the most exalted of the 7 Rishis); Sdhp.506 (opp.lāmaka).-- 2.large,comprehensive,great,in ukkaṭṭho patto a bowl of great capacity (as diff.from majjhima &#38; omaka p.) Vin.III,243 (= uk.nāma patto aḍḍhālhak’odanaṁ gaṇhāti catu-bhāgaṁ khādanaṁ vā tadūpiyaṁ vā byañjanaṁ).-- 3.detailed,exhaustive,specialised Vism.37 (ati-ukkaṭṭha-desanā); also in phrase °vasena in detail SnA 181.-- 4.arrogant,insolent J.V,16.-- 5.used as nom at J.I,387 in meaning “battle,conflict”.-- <i>an°</i> Vism.64 (°cīvara).<br><br> <i>--niddesa</i> exhaustive exposition,special designation,term par excellence DhsA.70; VvA.231; PvA.7.<i>--pariccheda</i> comprehensive connotation SnA 229,231,376.(Page 124),8,1
  13685. 435543,en,15,ukkatthata,ukkaṭṭhatā,Ukkaṭṭhatā,Ukkaṭṭhatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ukkaṭṭha] superiority,eminence,exalted state J.IV,303 (opp.hīnatā).(Page 124),10,1
  13686. 435565,en,15,ukkatthita,ukkaṭṭhita,Ukkaṭṭhita,Ukkaṭṭhita,[for ukkaṭhita,ud + pp.of <em>kvath</em>,see kaṭhati &#38; kuthati] boiled up,boiling,seething A.III,231 &#38; 234 (udapatto agginā santatto ukkaṭṭhito,v.l.ukkuṭṭhito); J.IV,118 (v.l.pakkudhita = pakkuṭhita,as gloss).(Page 124),10,1
  13687. 435576,en,15,ukkha,ukkhā,Ukkhā,Ukkhā,(?) [can it be compared with Vedic ukṣan?] in ukkhasataṁ dānaṁ,given at various times of the day (meaning = e(katόmbh?) S.II,264 (v.l.ukkā).Or is it to be read ukhāsataṁ d.i.e.consisting of 100 pots (of rice = mahā danaṁ?).S A:paṇītabhojana-bharitānaṁ mahā-ukkhalinaṁ sataṁ dānaṁ.Cp.ukhā cooking vessel ThA.71 (Ap.V.38).Kern,Toev.under ukkhā trsl.“zeker muntstuck”,i.e.kind of gift.(Page 125),5,1
  13688. 435582,en,15,ukkhali,ukkhali,Ukkhali,Ukkhali,(°lī) (f.) [der.fr.Vedic ukha &#38; ukhā pot,boiler; related to Lat.aulla (fr.*auxla); Goth.auhns oven] a pot in which to boil rice ( &#38; other food) J.I,68,235; V,389,471; Pug.33; Vism.346 (°mukhavaṭṭi),356 (°kapāla,in comp.); DhA.I,136; II,5; III,371; IV,130; Pug.A 231; VvA.100.Cp.next.(Page 125),7,1
  13689. 435598,en,15,ukkhalika,ukkhalikā,Ukkhalikā,Ukkhalikā,(f.) = <i>ukkhali</i>.Th.2,23 (= bhatta-pacanabhājanaṁ ThA.29); DhA.IV,98 (°kāla); DhsA.376.(Page 125),9,1
  13690. 435629,en,15,ukkhepa,ukkhepa,Ukkhepa,Ukkhepa,(adj.-n.) [fr.ud + <em>kṣip</em>] (adj.) throwing away DhA.IV,59 (°dāya a throw-away donation,tip).-- (m.) lifting up raising J.I,394 (cel°); VI,508; DA.I,273; <i>dur°</i> hard to lift or raise Sdhp.347.(Page 126),7,1
  13691. 435640,en,15,ukkhepaka,ukkhepaka,Ukkhepaka,Ukkhepaka,(adj.) [fr.ukkhepa] throwing (up); °ṁ (Acc.) in the manner of throwing Vin.II,214 = IV.195 (piṇḍ°).(Page 126),9,1
  13692. 435653,en,15,ukkhepana,ukkhepana,Ukkhepana,Ukkhepana,(nt.) [fr.ud + <em>kṣip</em>] suspension J.III,487.(Page 126),9,1
  13693. 435657,en,15,ukkhepana,ukkhepanā,Ukkhepanā,Ukkhepanā,(f.) [= last] throwing up,provocation,sneering Vbh.352 = Vism.23,expl<sup>d.</sup> at p.29.(Page 126),9,1
  13694. 435663,en,15,ukkhepaniya,ukkhepaniya,Ukkhepaniya,Ukkhepaniya,(adj.) [ukkhepana + iya,cp.BSk.utkṣepanīyaṁ karma Divy 329] referring to the suspension (of a bhikkhu),<i>°kamma</i> act or resolution of suspension Vin.I,49,53,98,143,168; II,27,226,230,298:A.I,99.(Page 126),11,1
  13695. 435692,en,15,ukkhetita,ukkheṭita,Ukkheṭita,Ukkheṭita,[pp.of ud + <em>kheṭ</em> or <i>*</i><em>khel</em>,see kheḷa] spit out,thrown off,in phrase moho (rāgo etc) catto vanto mutto pahino paṭinissaṭṭho u.Vin.III,97 = IV.27.(Page 126),9,1
  13696. 435701,en,15,ukkhipana,ukkhipana,Ukkhipana,Ukkhipana,(nt.) [fr.ud + <em>kṣip</em>] 1.pushing upwards J.I,163.-- 2.throwing up,sneering Vism.29 (vācāya).(Page 126),9,1
  13697. 435730,en,15,ukkhipati,ukkhipati,Ukkhipati,Ukkhipati,[ut + khipati,<em>kṣip</em>].To hold up,to take up J.I,213; IV,391:VI,350; Vism.4 (satthaṁ); PvA.265.A t.t.of canon law,to suspend (a bhikkhu for breach of rules) Vin.IV,309; Pug.33.<i>--ukkhipiyati</i> to be suspended Vin.II,61.Caus.II.<i>ukkhipāpeti</i> to cause to be supported J.I,52; II,15,38; III,285,436.-- pp.<i>ukkhitta</i>,ger.ukkhipitvā as adv.“upright” Vism.126.(Page 125),9,1
  13698. 435769,en,15,ukkhita,ukkhita,Ukkhita,Ukkhita,[pp.of <em>ukṣ</em> sprinkle] besmeared,besprinkled J.IV,331 (ruhir°,so read for °rakkhita).Cp.<i>okkhita</i>.(Page 125),7,1
  13699. 435777,en,15,ukkhitta,ukkhitta,Ukkhitta,Ukkhitta,[pp.of ukkhipati] taken up,lifted up,t.t.of the canon law “suspended” Vin.IV,218; J.III,487.<br><br> <i>--°āsika</i> with drawn sword M.I,377; S.IV,173; J.I,393; DhsA.329; Vism.230 (vadhaka),479.<i>--paligha</i> having the obstacles removed M.I,139; A.III,84; Dh.398 = Sn.622 (= avijjā-palighassa ukkhittatāya u.SnA 467 = DhA.IV,161).<i>--sira</i> with uplifted head Vism.162.(Page 125),8,1
  13700. 435797,en,15,ukkhittaka,ukkhittaka,Ukkhittaka,Ukkhittaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.ukkhitta] a bhikkbu who has been suspended Vin.I,97,121; II,61,173,213.(Page 125),10,1
  13701. 435848,en,15,ukkiledeti,ukkiledeti,Ukkiledeti,Ukkiledeti,[Caus.of ud + <em>klid</em>,see kilijjati] to take the dirt out,to clean out DA.I,255 (dosaṁ); SnA 274 (rāgaṁ; v.l.BB.uggileti).(Page 125),10,1
  13702. 435856,en,15,ukkinna,ukkiṇṇa,Ukkiṇṇa,Ukkiṇṇa,[pp.of ud + <em>kṛ</em> dig<sup>2</sup>] dug up or out D.I,105; J.IV,106; Miln.330; DA.I,274 (= khāta).(Page 125),7,1
  13703. 435889,en,15,ukkotana,ukkoṭana,Ukkoṭana,Ukkoṭana,(nt.) [fr.ud + *<em>kuṭ</em> to be crooked or to deceive,cp.kujja &#38; kuṭila crooked] crookedness,perverting justice,taking bribes to get people into unlawful possessions (Bdhgh.) D.I,5; III,176; S.V,473; A.II,209,V.206; DA.I,79 = Pug.A 240 (“assāmike sāmike kātuṁ lañcagahaṇaṁ”).(Page 125),8,1
  13704. 435898,en,15,ukkotanaka,ukkoṭanaka,Ukkoṭanaka,Ukkoṭanaka,(adj.) [fr.ukkoṭana] belonging to the perversion of justice Vin.II,94.(Page 125),10,1
  13705. 435932,en,15,ukkoteti,ukkoṭeti,Ukkoṭeti,Ukkoṭeti,[denom.fr.*ukkoṭ-ana] to disturb what is settled,to open up again a legal question that has been adjudged,Vin.II,94,303; IV,126; J.II,387; DA.I,5.(Page 125),8,1
  13706. 435954,en,15,ukkujja,ukkujja,Ukkujja,Ukkujja,(adj.) [ud + kujja] set up,upright,opp.either nikkujja or avakujja A.I,131; S.V,89 (ukkujj’âvakujja); Pug.32 (= uparimukho ṭhapito C.214).(Page 125),7,1
  13707. 435963,en,15,ukkujjana,ukkujjana,Ukkujjana,Ukkujjana,(nt.) [fr.ukkujjati] raising up,setting up again Vin.II,126 (patt°).(Page 125),9,1
  13708. 435975,en,15,ukkujjati,ukkujjati,Ukkujjati,Ukkujjati,(°eti) [denom.fr.ukkujja] to bend up,turn up,set upright Vin.I,181; II,126 (pattaṁ),269 (bhikkhuṁ); mostly in phrase nikkujjitaṁ ukkujjeyya “(like) one might raise up one who has fallen” D.I,85,110; II,132,152; Sn.p.15 (= uparimukhaṁ karoti DA.I,228 = SnA 155).(Page 125),9,1
  13709. 436008,en,15,ukkula,ukkūla,Ukkūla,Ukkūla,(adj.) [ud + kūla] sloping up,steep,high (opp.vikkūla) A.I,35 sq.; Vism.153 (nadi); SnA 42.Cp.utkūlanikūla-sama Lal.V.340.(Page 125),6,1
  13710. 436021,en,15,ukkusa,ukkusa,Ukkusa,Ukkusa,[see ukkuṭṭhi &#38; cp.BSk.utkrośa watchman (?) Divy 453] an osprey J.IV,291 (°rāja),392.(Page 125),6,1
  13711. 436043,en,15,ukkutika,ukkuṭika,Ukkuṭika,Ukkuṭika,[fr.ud + <i>*</i><em>kuṭ</em><i> = *</i><em>kuñc</em>,as in kuṭila &#38; kuñcita; lit.“bending up”.The BSk.form is ukkuṭuka,e.g.Av.S.I,315] a special manner of squatting.The soles of the feet are firmly on the ground,the man sinks down,the heels slightly rising as he does so,until the thighs rest on the calves,and the hams are about six inches or more from the ground.Then with elbows on knees he balances himself.Few Europeans can adopt this posture, &#38; none (save miners) can maintain it with comfort,as the calf muscles upset the balance.Indians find it easy, &#38; when the palms of the hands are also held together upwards,it indicates submission.See Dial.I.231 n.4.-- Vin.I,45 (°ṁ nisīdati); III,228; A.I,296; II,206; Pug.55; Vism.62,104,105 (quot.fr.Papañca Sūdanī) 426; DhA.I,201,217; II,61 (as posture of humility); III,195; IV,223.<br><br> <i>--padhāna</i> [in BSk.distorted to utkuṭuka-prahāṇa Divy 339 = Dh.141] exertion when squatting (an ascetic habit) D.I,167; M.I,78,515; A.I,296; II,206; J.I,493; III,235; IV,299; Dh.141 (= ukkuṭika-bhāvena āraddha-viriyo DhA.III,78).(Page 125),8,1
  13712. 436072,en,15,ukkutthi,ukkuṭṭhi,Ukkuṭṭhi,Ukkuṭṭhi,(f.) [fr.ud + <em>kruś</em>,cp.<i>*</i><em>kruñc</em> as in P.kuñca &#38; Sk.krośati] shouting out,acclamation J.II,367; VI,41; Bu I.35; Miln.21; Vism.245; DhA.II,43; VvA.132 (°sadda).(Page 125),8,1
  13713. 436096,en,15,uklapa,uklāpa,Uklāpa,Uklāpa,(ukkalāpa) (adj.) [cp.Sk.ut-kalāpayati to let go] ‹-› 1.deserted J.II,275 (ukkalāpa T.; vv.ll.uklāpa &#38; ullāpa).-- 2.dirtied,soiled Vin.II,154,208,222; Vism.128; DhA.III,168 (ukkalāpa).(Page 126),6,1
  13714. 436128,en,15,ulara,uḷāra,Uḷāra,Uḷāra,(adj.) [Vedic udāra,BSk.audāra] great,eminent,excellent,superb,lofty,noble,rich.-- Dhammapāla at VvA.10--11 distinguishes 3 meanings:tīhi atthehi ūḷāraṁ; paṇītaṁ (excellent),seṭṭhaṁ (best),mahantaṁ (great) Vin.III,41 (°bhoga); D.I,96; M.III,38 (°bhogatā); S.V,159; Sn.53,58,301; Nd<sup>2</sup> 170; J.I,399; V,95; Vv 1<sup>1</sup>; 84<sup>26</sup>; Pv.I,5<sup>12</sup> (= hita samiddha PvA.30); VvA.18 (°pabhāva = mahānubhāva); ThA.173,280; PvA.5,6,7,8,25,30,43,58 and passim; Sdhp.26,260,416.‹-› Der.<i>oḷārika</i> (q.v.).(Page 156),5,1
  13715. 436193,en,15,ularata,uḷāratā,Uḷāratā,Uḷāratā,(f.) = <i>uḷāratta</i> Sdhp.254.(Page 156),7,1
  13716. 436205,en,15,ularatta,uḷāratta,Uḷāratta,Uḷāratta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.uḷāra] greatness etc.; only neg.<i>an°</i> smallness,insignificance,inferiority VvA.24.(Page 156),8,1
  13717. 436227,en,15,ulati,ulati,Ulati,Ulati,is a commentator’s invention; said to be = <i>gacchati</i> to go Vism.60 (in definition of paṁsu-kūla; paṁsu viya kucchita-bhāvaṁ ulatī ti paṁsu-kūlaṁ).(Page 155),5,1
  13718. 436236,en,15,ullahaka,ullahaka,Ullahaka,Ullahaka,(adj.) [?] only in Acc.nt.ullahakaṁ used adverbially,in cpd.<i>dant°</i> after the manner of rubbing the teeth,by means of grinding the teeth M.III,167.Seems to be a a(/pac legomέnon.(Page 155),8,1
  13719. 436258,en,15,ullanghana,ullaṅghanā,Ullaṅghanā,Ullaṅghanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ud + <em>laṅgh</em>] jumping up,lifting up,raising Vin.III,121; J.IV,5 (°samattha?).(Page 155),10,1
  13720. 436271,en,15,ullanghati,ullaṅghati,Ullaṅghati,Ullaṅghati,[ud + <em>laṅgh</em>,cp.BSk.prollaṅghya transgressing (= pra + ullaṅgh°) Divy 596] to leap up J.III,222 (udakato °itvā).-- Caus.<i>ullaṅgheti</i> to make jump up (always with olaṅgheti,i.e.to make dance up &#38; down) Vin.III,121; J.V,434; DhA.IV,197.-- pp.<i>ullaṅghita</i> (q v.).(Page 155),10,1
  13721. 436300,en,15,ullanghita,ullaṅghita,Ullaṅghita,Ullaṅghita,[pp.of ullaṅgheti] being jumped on,set on C.on S.I,40 (see K.S.I.318) (for uḍḍita = taṇhāya ullaṅghita).(Page 155),10,1
  13722. 436315,en,15,ullapa,ullāpa,Ullāpa,Ullāpa,is v.l.for <i>uklāpa</i> (q.v.).(Page 155),6,1
  13723. 436319,en,15,ullapana,ullapana,Ullapana,Ullapana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.ullapati] calling out,enticing,laying claim to Vin.III,101; Th.2,357; Miln.127; ThA.243.-- <i>ullapanā</i> = uddhaṁ katvā lapanā Vism.27.(Page 155),8,1
  13724. 436356,en,15,ullapati,ullapati,Ullapati,Ullapati,[ud + lapati] to call out,to talk to,lay claim to Vin.I,97; III,105; Pug.67 (= katheti Pug.A 249).(Page 155),8,1
  13725. 436384,en,15,ullikhana,ullikhana,Ullikhana,Ullikhana,(nt.) [fr.ud + <em>likh</em>] combing,scratching VvA.349; ThA.267.(Page 155),9,1
  13726. 436407,en,15,ullikhita,ullikhita,Ullikhita,Ullikhita,[pp.of ud + <em>likh</em>] scratched,combed Vin.I,254; J.II,92 (aḍḍhullikhitehi kesehi); Ud.22 (id.with upaḍḍh° for aḍḍh°); VvA.197.(Page 156),9,1
  13727. 436422,en,15,ullingeti,ulliṅgeti,Ulliṅgeti,Ulliṅgeti,[denom.of ud + linga] to exhibit,show as a characteristic Vism.492.(Page 156),9,1
  13728. 436435,en,15,ullitta,ullitta,Ullitta,Ullitta,[pp.of ud + <em>lip</em>] smeared; only in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>ullittâvalitta</i> smeared up &#38; down,i.e.smeared all round Vin II 117; M.II,8; A.I,101,137; IV,231; Th.1,737.(Page 156),7,1
  13729. 436461,en,15,ulloka,ulloka,Ulloka,Ulloka,[ud + lok°] doubtful in its meaning; occurs at Vin.I,48 = II.209 as ullokā paṭhamaṁ ohāreti,trsl.Vin Texts by “a cloth to remove cobwebs”,but better by Andersen,Pāli Reader as “as soon as it is seen”; at Vin.II,151 the translators give “a cloth placed under the bedstead to keep the stuffing from coming out”.See on term Morris J.P.T.S.1885,31.-- In cpd ulloka-paduma at J.VI,432 it may mean “bright lotus” (lit.to be looked at).See ulloketi.(Page 156),6,1
  13730. 436473,en,15,ullokaka,ullokaka,Ullokaka,Ullokaka,(adj.) [fr.ulloketi] looking on (to),looking out; in phrase <i>mukh°</i> looking into a person’s face; i.e.cheerful,winning; or “of bright face”,with a winning smile D.I,60; DA.I,59,168; PvA.219 (°ika for °aka).(Page 156),8,1
  13731. 436512,en,15,ulloketi,ulloketi,Ulloketi,Ulloketi,[ud + lok°,cp.loka,āloka &#38; viloka] to look on to,look for,await J.I,232 (ākāsaṁ),253; II,221,434; DA.I,153,168; VvA.316.-- pp.<i>ullokita</i> (q.v.).(Page 156),8,1
  13732. 436522,en,15,ullokita,ullokita,Ullokita,Ullokita,[pp.of ulloketi] looked at,looked on J.I,253; DA.I,193.(Page 156),8,1
  13733. 436532,en,15,ullola,ullola,Ullola,Ullola,[fr.ud + <em>lul</em>] -- 1.a wave J.III,228; VI,394.‹-› 2.commotion,unrest J.IV,306,476.(Page 156),6,1
  13734. 436540,en,15,ullolana,ullolanā,Ullolanā,Ullolanā,(f.) [fr.ulloleti] wavering,loitering (in expectation of something),greed ThA.243.(Page 156),8,1
  13735. 436549,en,15,ulloleti,ulloleti,Ulloleti,Ulloleti,[denom.fr.ullola] to stroll or hang about,to wait for,expect ThA.243.-- pp.<i>ullulita</i>.(Page 156),8,1
  13736. 436555,en,15,ullopana,ullopana,Ullopana,Ullopana,(nt.) = <i>ullumpana</i> DhA.I,309 (T.faulty; see remarks ad locum).(Page 156),8,1
  13737. 436561,en,15,ullulita,ullulita,Ullulita,Ullulita,[pp.of ulloleti] waved,shaken (by the wind); waving J.VI,536.(Page 156),8,1
  13738. 436571,en,15,ullumpana,ullumpana,Ullumpana,Ullumpana,(nt.) [fr.ullumpati] saving,helping; in phrase <i>°sabhāva-saṇṭhita</i> of a helping disposition,full of mercy DA.I,177; PvA.35.Same as <i>ullopana</i> (q.v.).(Page 156),9,1
  13739. 436587,en,15,ullumpati,ullumpati,Ullumpati,Ullumpati,[ud + <em>lup</em>,cp.BSk.ullumpati Mahāvy § 268] to take up,to help (with Acc.),to save Vin.II,277; D.I,249.(Page 156),9,1
  13740. 436599,en,15,ulu,uḷu,Uḷu,Uḷu,[Sk.uḍu,dialectical?] a lunar mansion Miln.178.(Page 156),3,1
  13741. 436609,en,15,uluka,ulūka,Ulūka,Ulūka,[Sk.ulūka; cp.Lat.ulucus &#38; ulula owl,ululāre to howl,Ger.uhu; onomat.<i>*ul</i>,as in Gr.o]lolu/zw,Sk.ululi,Lith.ulůti] an owl Vin.I,186 (°camma,sandals of owl’s skin); III,34; A.V,289 sq.; J.II,208,352 (as king of the birds); Miln.403; DhA.I,50 (kāka° crows &#38; owls).<br><br> <i>--pakkha</i> owls’wings (used as dress) Vin.I,305; D.I,167.<i>--pakkhika</i> dress of owls’wings,or owl feathers A.I,241,296; II,206; Pug.55 (= ulūka-pattāni ganthetvā kata-nivāsanaṁ Pug.A 233).(Page 155),5,1
  13742. 436641,en,15,ulumpa,uḷumpa,Uḷumpa,Uḷumpa,[dial.?] a raft,a float Vin.I,230; III 63 (°ṁ bandhati); J.IV,2; DhA.II,120.(Page 156),6,1
  13743. 436658,en,15,ulunka,uḷuṅka,Uḷuṅka,Uḷuṅka,[dial.?] a ladle,a spoon Vin.I,286; J.I,120,157; III,461; Miln.8; DhA.I,425; II,3,20; IV,75,123.(Page 156),6,1
  13744. 436731,en,15,umhayati,umhayati,Umhayati,Umhayati,[Sk.*ut-smayate,ud + <em>smi</em>] to laugh out loud J.II,131 (= hasitaṁ karoti); III,44; IV,197; V,299 (°amāna = hasamāna C.).Caus.<i>umhāpeti</i> J.V,297.(Page 155),8,1
  13745. 436744,en,15,umi,ūmī,Ūmī,Ūmī, &#38; Ūmi (f.) [Sk.ūrmi,fr.Idg.*ǔel (see nibbāna I.2); cp.Gr.e]lu/w io wind,e(λic wound; Lat.volvo to roll; Ags.wylm wave; Ohg.wallan; also Sk.ulva,varutra,valaya,valli,vṛṇoti.See details in Walde,Lat.Wtb.under volvo) a wave M.I,460 (°bhaya); S.IV,157; V,123 (°jāta); A.III,232 sq.(id.); Sn.920; J.II,216; III,262; IV,141; Miln.260 (°jāta).-- Note.A parallel form of <i>ūmī</i> is <i>ummī</i>.(Page 158),3,1
  13746. 436746,en,15,umika,ūmika,Ūmika,Ūmika,[f.ūmi] wave Miln.197 (°vaṅka waterfall,cataract).(Page 158),5,1
  13747. 436755,en,15,umma,ummā,Ummā,Ummā,(f.) [cp.Sk.umā] flax,only in cpd.<i>°puppha</i> the (azure) flower of flax M.II,13 = A.V,61 (v.l.dammā°,ummāta°); D.II,260; Th.1,1068; DhsA.13.Also (m.) N.of a gem Miln.118.(Page 154),4,1
  13748. 436768,en,15,ummada,ummāda,Ummāda,Ummāda,[ud + māda] madness,distraction,mental aberration S.I,126 (°ṁ pāpuṇeyya citta-vikkhepaṁ vā); A.II,80; III,119; V,169; Pug.69; PvA.6 (°patta frantic,out of mind),94 (°vāta),162 (°patta).(Page 154),6,1
  13749. 436780,en,15,ummadana,ummādanā,Ummādanā,Ummādanā,(f.) (or °aṁ nt.) [abstr.fr.ummāda] maddening Sn.399 (+ mohanaṁ = paraloke ummādanaṁ ihaloke mohanaṁ SnA 377); ThA.2,357 (cp.ThA.243).(Page 154),8,1
  13750. 436824,en,15,ummaddeti,ummaddeti,Ummaddeti,Ummaddeti,[ud + maddeti,Caus.of <em>mṛd</em>] to rub something on (Acc.) Vin.II,107 = 266 (mukhaṁ).(Page 154),9,1
  13751. 436845,en,15,ummagga,ummagga,Ummagga,Ummagga,[ud + magga,lit.“off-track”] -- 1.an underground watercourse,a conduit,main M.I,171; A.II,189; J.VI,426,432; SnA 50 (“ummaggo paññā pavuccati”); DhA.I,252 (°cora); II,37 (v l.umaṅga); IV,104; PvA.44 (read with v.l.SS kummagga).-- 2.a side track,a wrong way,devious way S.I,193 (v.l.°manga) = Th.1,1242; S.IV,195; A.IV,191.(Page 154),7,1
  13752. 436871,en,15,ummanga,ummaṅga,Ummaṅga,Ummaṅga,[ud + maṅga (?) or for ummagga,q.v.for vv.ll.] “out luck”,i.e.unlucky; or “one who has gone off the right path” Vin.V,144.(Page 154),7,1
  13753. 436887,en,15,ummara,ummāra,Ummāra,Ummāra,[according to Müller P.Gr.= Sk.udumbara (?)] ‹-› 1.a threshold Vin.IV,160 (= indakhīla); Th.2,410; J.I,62; III,101; Vism.425; DhA.I,350.-- 2.a curb-stone J.VI,11.-- 3.as <i>uttar°</i> (the upper threshold) the lintel J.I,111; DhA.II,5 (v.l.upari°).-- 4.window-sash or sill J.I,347; IV,356.(Page 154),6,1
  13754. 436905,en,15,ummasana,ummasanā,Ummasanā,Ummasanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ummasati] lifting up Vin.III,121 (= uddhaṁ uccāraṇā).(Page 154),8,1
  13755. 436910,en,15,ummasati,ummasati,Ummasati,Ummasati,[ud + masati of <em>mṛś</em>] to touch,take hold of,lift up Vin.III,121.Cp.next.(Page 154),8,1
  13756. 436922,en,15,ummatta,ummatta,Ummatta,Ummatta,(adj.) [ud + matta of <em>mad</em>] out of one’s mind,mad S.V,447 (+ viceta); J.V,386; Miln.122; Sdhp.88; PvA.40 (°puggala read with v.l.SS for dummati puggala).Cp.next &#38; <i>ummāda</i>.<br><br> <i>--rūpa</i> like mad,madly,insane Pv.I,8<sup>1</sup>; II,6<sup>2</sup> (where J.III,156 has santaramāna).(Page 154),7,1
  13757. 436934,en,15,ummattaka,ummattaka,Ummattaka,Ummattaka,(adj.) = <i>ummatta;</i> Vin.I,123,321; II,60,80; III,27,33; A.IV,248; Vism.260 (reason for); Miln.277; PvA.38,39,93 (°vesa appearance of a madman),95.‹-› f.<i>ummattikā</i> Vin.IV,259,265; ThA.111.(Page 154),9,1
  13758. 436979,en,15,ummi,ummi,Ummi,Ummi,( &#38; Ummī) (f.) [for the usual ūmi,cp.similar double forms of bhummi › bhūmi] a wave Th.1,681; Miln.346.(Page 154),4,1
  13759. 436992,en,15,ummihati,ummihati,Ummihati,Ummihati,[ud + <em>mih</em>] to urinate Vin.I,78 (ūhanati +).(Page 154),8,1
  13760. 437030,en,15,ummileti,ummīleti,Ummīleti,Ummīleti,[Caus.of ud + <em>mīl</em><i>;</i> opp.ni(m)mīleti] to open one’s eyes J.I,439; II,195; IV,457; VI,185; Miln.179,357,394; Vism.185,186; DhA.II,28 (opp.ni°); VvA.205,314.(Page 154),8,1
  13761. 437055,en,15,ummisati,ummisati,Ummisati,Ummisati,[ud + misati] to open one’s eyes J.III,96 (opp.nimisati; v.l.ummisati for °mīḷ°?).(Page 154),8,1
  13762. 437068,en,15,ummujja,ummujjā,Ummujjā,Ummujjā,(f.) [fr.ummujjati] emerging,jumping out of (water),only in phrase <i>ummujja-nimujjaṁ karoti</i> to emerge &#38; dive D.I,78; M.I,69; A.I,170; J.IV,139; Nett 110; Vism.395 (= Ps.II,208).(Page 154),7,1
  13763. 437076,en,15,ummujjamanaka,ummujjamānaka,Ummujjamānaka,Ummujjamānaka,(adj.) [ummujjamāna,ppr.med,of ummujjati,+ ka] emerging A.II,182.(Page 154),13,1
  13764. 437086,en,15,ummujjana,ummujjana,Ummujjana,Ummujjana,(nt.) [fr.ummujjati] emerging Vism.175 (+ nimmujjana); DA.I,115.(Page 154),9,1
  13765. 437119,en,15,ummujjati,ummujjati,Ummujjati,Ummujjati,[ud + <em>majj</em>] to emerge,rise up (out of water) Vin.I,180; S.IV,312; A.IV,11 sq; J.II,149,284; III,507; IV,139; Pug.71; Miln.118; DA.I,37,127; PvA.113.(Page 154),9,1
  13766. 437141,en,15,ummuka,ummuka,Ummuka,Ummuka,(nt.) [Sk.ulmuka perhaps to Lat.adoleo,cp.also alāta firebrand; see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.adoleo] a fire brand Vin.IV,265; S.IV,92 (T.ummukka meaning “loosened”?); J.II,69 v.l.°kk),404 (kk); III,356.(Page 154),6,1
  13767. 437164,en,15,ummula,ummūla,Ummūla,Ummūla,(adj.) [ud + mūla] “roots-out”,with roots showing,laying bare the roots J.I,249 (°ṁ karoti); Sdhp.452.(Page 154),6,1
  13768. 437171,en,15,ummulaka,ummūlaka,Ummūlaka,Ummūlaka,(adj.) [= ummūla] uprooting,laying bare the roots J.I,303 (vāta).(Page 154),8,1
  13769. 437189,en,15,ummuleti,ummūleti,Ummūleti,Ummūleti,[Caus.fr.ummūla] to uproot,to root out J.I,329.(Page 154),8,1
  13770. 437205,en,15,una,ūna,Ūna,Ūna,(adj.) [Vedic ūna; cp.Av.ūna,Gr.eu]_nis,Lat.vāpus,Goth.wans,Ags.won = E.want] wanting,deficient,less M.II,73; J.V,330; DhA.I,77; DhA.IV,210.Mostly adverbially with numerals = one less,but one,minus (one or two); usually with <i>eka</i> (as ekūna one less,e.g.ekūna-aṭṭhasataṁ (799) J.I,57; ekūna-pañcasate KhA 91,ekūna-vīsati (19) Vism.287; eken’ūnesu pañcasu attabhāvasatesu (499) J.I,167; also with eka in Instr.as eken’ūnapañcasatāni (deficient by one) Vin.II,285; KhA 91; sometimes without eka,e.g.ūnapañcasatāni (499) Vin.III,284; ūnavīsati (19) Vin.IV,130,148.With “two” less:dvīhi ūnaṁ sahassaṁ (998) J.I,255.-- <i>anūna</i> not deficient,complete PvA.285 (= paripuṇṇa).<br><br> <i>--udara</i> (ūnudara,ūnūdara,ūnodara) an empty stomach,adj.of empty stomach; °udara J.II,293; VI,295; <i>°ūdara</i> J.VI,258; Miln.406; odara Sn.707; DhA.I,170.<i>--bhāva</i> depletion,deficiency SnA 463 (v.l.hānabhāva).(Page 158),3,1
  13771. 437212,en,15,unaka,ūnaka,Ūnaka,Ūnaka,(adj.) [ūna + ka] deficient,wanting,lacking Vin.III,81,254; IV,263; Sn.721; Miln.310,311,(°satta-vassika one who is not yet 7 years old),414; DhA.I,79.(Page 158),5,1
  13772. 437225,en,15,unatta,ūnatta,Ūnatta,Ūnatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.ūna] depletion,deficiency Vin.II,239; J.V,450.(Page 158),6,1
  13773. 437233,en,15,uncha,uñcha,Uñcha,Uñcha, &#38; Uñchā (f.) [Sk.uñcha &#38; uñchana,to <em>uñch</em>.Neumann’s etym.uñchā = E.ounce,Ger.unze (Majjhima trsl.<sup>2</sup> II.682) is incorrect,see Walde Lat.Wtb.under uncia] anything gathered for sustenance,gleaning S.II,281; A.I,36; III,66 sq.,104; Vin.III,87; Sn.977; Th.2,329,349; J.III,389; IV,23,28,434,471 (°ya,Dat.= phalâphal’atthāya C.); ThA.235,242.Cp.samuñchaka.<br><br> <i>--cariyā</i> wandering for,or on search for gleaning,J.II,272; III,37,515; V,3; DA.I,270; VvA.103; ThA.208.<i>--cārika</i> (adj.) going about after gleanings,one of 8 kinds of tāpasā SnA 295 (cp.DA.I,270,271).<i>--patta</i> the gleaning-bowl,in phrase uñchāpattāgate rato “fond of that which has come into the gl.b.” Th.1,155 = Pv IV.7<sup>3</sup> (= uñchena bhikkhācārena laddhe pattagate āhāre rato PvA.265; trsl<sup>d.</sup> in Psalms of Brethren “contented with whatever fills the bowl”).aññāt°,marked off as discarded (goods) S.II,281,so S A.(Page 128),5,1
  13774. 437267,en,15,unchati,uñchati,Uñchati,Uñchati,[fr.<em>uñch</em>] to gather for sustenance,seek (alms),glean Vism.60 (= gavesati).(Page 129),7,1
  13775. 437308,en,15,undura,undura,Undura,Undura,[etym ?] a rat Vin.I,209; II,148,152; III,151; J.I,120; Miln.23,363.Spelt undūra at Vism.62.(Page 137),6,1
  13776. 437333,en,15,unha,uṇha,Uṇha,Uṇha,(adj.-n.) [Vedic uṣṇā f.to oṣati to burn,pp.uṣṭa burnt,Sk.uṣṇa = Lat.ustus; cp.Gr.eu]/w,Lat.uro to burn,Ags.ysla glowing cinders,Lith.usnis nettle] hot,as adj.only in phrase <i>uṇhaṁ lohitaṁ chaḍḍeti</i> to spill hot blood,i.e.to kill oneself DhA.I,95; otherwise in cpds.; abs.only as nt.“heat” &#38; always in contrast to sītaṁ “cold” Vin.II,117 (sītena pi uṇhena pi); D.II,15 (opp.sīta); M.I,85; A.I,145 = 170 = J.V,417 (sītaṁ vā uṇhaṁ vā tiṇaṁ vā rajo vā ussāvo vā); Sn.52,966 (acc °); Nd<sup>1</sup> 486 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 677 (same as under sita); J.I,17 (V.93); Miln.410 (megho uṇhaṁ nibbāpeti); PvA.37 (ati°).<br><br> <i>--ākāra</i> appearance of heat,often in phrase (Sakkassa) paṇḍu-kambala-sil’āsanaṁ uṇhākāraṁ dassesi,of Sakka’s throne showing an appearance of heat as a sign of some extraordinary event happening in the world,e.g.J.I,330; V,92; DhA.I,17,and passim.<i>--odaka</i> hot water VvA.68.<i>--kalla</i> glowing-hot embers or ashes J.II,94 (so read for °kalala); IV,389 (°vassa,rain of hot ashes,v.l.°kukkuḷavassa).<i>--kāla</i> hot weather Vin.II,209.(Page 130),4,1
  13777. 437452,en,15,unhatta,uṇhatta,Uṇhatta,Uṇhatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.uṇha] hot state,heat Vism.171.(Page 130),7,1
  13778. 437501,en,15,unhisa,uṇhīsa,Uṇhīsa,Uṇhīsa,[Sk.uṣṇīṣa] a turban D.I,7; II,19 = III,145 (°sīsa cp.Dial.II.16); J.II,88; Miln.330; DA.I,89; DhsA.198.(Page 130),6,1
  13779. 437536,en,15,unna,uññā,Uññā,Uññā,(f.) [= avaññā (?) from ava + <em>jñā</em>,or after uññātabba? ] contempt Vin.IV,241; Vbh.353 sq.(att°).(Page 129),4,1
  13780. 437545,en,15,unna,uṇṇa,Uṇṇa,Uṇṇa,(nt.) &#38; Uṇṇā (f.) [Sk.ūrṇa &#38; ūrṇā; Lat.lāna wool; Goth.wulla; Ohg.wolla = E.wool; Lith.vilna; Cymr.gwlan (= E.flannel); Gr.lh_nos,also ou_]los = Lat.vellus (fleece) = Ags.wil-mod] -- 1.wool A.III,37 = IV.265 (+ kappāsā cotton) J.II,147; SnA 263 (patt°).-- 2.hair between the eyebrows Sn.1022, &#38; in stock phrase,describing one of the 32 signs of a Mahāpurisa,bhamuk’antare jātā uṇṇā odātā etc.D.II,18 = III,144 = 170 = SnA 285.Also at Vism.552 in jāti-uṇṇāya.<br><br> <i>--ja</i> in uṇṇaja mukha J.VI,218,meaning “rounded,swelling” (C.expl<sup>s.</sup> by kañcan’ādāso viya paripuṇṇaṁ mukhaṁ).<i>--nābhi</i> (either uṇṇa° or uṇṇā,cp.Vedic ūrṇavābhi,ūrṇa + vābhi from Idg.<i>*ǔebh</i> to weave as in Lat.vespa = wasp,of which shorter root in Sk.<em>vā</em>) a spider,lit.“wool- i.e.thread-weaver”,only in comb<sup>n.</sup> with sarabū &#38; mūsikā at Vin.II,110 = A.II,73 = J.II,147 (= makkaṭaka C).(Page 130),4,1
  13781. 437557,en,15,unna,unna,Unna,Unna,[pp.of ud,unatti &#38; undati,see udaka] in phrase pīti-vegen’unna “bubbling up with the excitement of joy”,overflowing with joy Mhvs 19,29 (expl<sup>d.</sup> by uggatacitta i.e.lofty,exalted C.).-- It may however be better &#38; more in keeping with Pāli word-formation as well as with meaning &#38; interpretation to explain the word as ud + na,taking °na as abs.(base)--form of nam,thus lit.“bent up”,i.e.raised,high,in meaning of unnata.Cp.the exactly similar formation,use &#38; meaning of ninna = ninnata.Thus unna / ninna would correspond to unnata / ninnata.(Page 137),4,1
  13782. 437578,en,15,unnada,unnāda,Unnāda,Unnāda,[fr.ud + <em>nad</em>] shout,shouting J II 405.(Page 138),6,1
  13783. 437607,en,15,unnadati,unnadati,Unnadati,Unnadati,[ud + nadati] to resound,shout out,roar J.I,110; II 90; III,271,325; Miln.18; aor.<i>unnadi</i> J I 74; Miln.13.-- Caus.<i>unnādeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 138),8,1
  13784. 437623,en,15,unnadeti,unnādeti,Unnādeti,Unnādeti,[Caus.of unnadati] to make resound J.I,408 (paṭhaviṁ),II.34.(Page 138),8,1
  13785. 437642,en,15,unnadin,unnādin,Unnādin,Unnādin,(adj.) [fr.ud + <em>nad</em>] shouting out; resounding,noisy,loud,tumultuous Vin.III,336; D.I,95,143,178; J.II,216.(Page 138),7,1
  13786. 437657,en,15,unnahana,unnahanā,Unnahanā,Unnahanā,(f.) [ud + <em>nah</em>,see nayhati] flattering,tying or pushing oneself on to somebody,begging Vism.27.(Page 138),8,1
  13787. 437665,en,15,unnaka,unnaka,Unnaka,Unnaka,[etym.?] a species of perfume J VI 537 (gloss kuṭantaja).(Page 137),6,1
  13788. 437679,en,15,unnala,unnala,Unnala,Unnala, &#38; Unnaḷa (adj.) [Bdhgh.has ud + nala; but it is either a dissimilated form for *ullala (n › l change freq.,cp.P.naṅgala › lāngala; nalāṭa › lalaṭa) from ud + <em>lal</em> to sport,thus meaning “sporting,sporty,wild” etc.; or (still more likely) with Kern,Toev.s.v.a dial.form of unnata P.uṇṇata,although the P.Commentators never thought of that.Cp.with this the BSk.unnata in same stock phrase uddhata unnata capala M Vastu I.305,and the Marathic Prk.mula = Sk.mṛta,Pischel,Gr.§ 244.To these may be added P.celakedu › cetakedu J.VI,538] showing off,insolent,arrogant,proud,haughty,in phrase <i>uddhata unnaḷa capala</i> M.I,32; S.I,61 = 204 (trsl<sup>d.</sup> as “muddled in mind,puffed up,vain”,expl<sup>d.</sup> as uggata-nala uddhaṭa-tuccha-māna K.S.318); A.I,70,266; II,26; III 199,355,391; It.113 (+ asamāhita); Dh.292 (+ pamatta; expl<sup>d.</sup> as “māna-naḷaṁ ukkhipitvā caraṇena unnala” DhA.III,452); Th.1,634; Pug.35 (= uggatanaḷo tuccha-mānaṁ ukkhipitvā ti attho PugA 217).(Page 138),6,1
  13789. 437698,en,15,unnama,uṇṇama,Uṇṇama,Uṇṇama,[fr.uṇṇamati] loftiness,height,haughtiness Dhs.1116,1233.Cp.<i>unnama</i>.(Page 130),6,1
  13790. 437707,en,15,unnama,unnama,Unnama,Unnama,[fr ud + <em>nam</em><i>;</i> cp.also uṇṇama in fig.meaning] rising ground,elevation,plateau Kh VII.7 = Pv.I,5<sup>7</sup> (= thala unnata-padesa PvA.29); Miln.349; DA.I,154.(Page 138),6,1
  13791. 437733,en,15,unnamati,uṇṇamati,Uṇṇamati,Uṇṇamati,[ud + <em>nam</em>] to rise up,to be raised,to straighten up,to be haughty or conceited Sn.366,829,928; Nd<sup>1</sup> 169; J.VI,346 inf.uṇṇametave Sn.206.Cp.<i>unnamati</i>.(Page 130),8,1
  13792. 437742,en,15,unnamati,unnamati,Unnamati,Unnamati,[ud + namati,see uṇṇamati in fig.meaning] to rise up,ascend Miln.117 (oṇamati +); Vism.306.-- Caus.unnāmeti (q.v.).-- pp.<i>unnara </i>&<i> uṇṇata</i> (q.v.).(Page 138),8,1
  13793. 437774,en,15,unnameti,unnāmeti,Unnāmeti,Unnāmeti,(unn°) [Caus.of unnamati] to raise DhsA.5; written <i>uṇṇameti</i> (with a for ā before mutes &#38; liquids) at Sn.206 (inf.uṁṇametave).(Page 138),8,1
  13794. 437786,en,15,unnamin,unnāmin,Unnāmin,Unnāmin,(adj) [ud + <em>nam</em> in Caus.form] raising or rising; in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>ninnāmin</i> raised &#38; bent,high &#38; low A.IV,237 (of cultivated land).(Page 138),7,1
  13795. 437804,en,15,unnangala,unnaṅgala,Unnaṅgala,Unnaṅgala,(adj.) [ud + naṅgala,on meaning of ud in this case see ud] in phrase °ṁ karoti,according to Morris,J P T S 1887,120 “to make an up-ploughing,to turn up etc.”,but more aptly with C.on J.VI,328 to make “out-plough” (not “up-plough”) in sense of out-of-work,i.e.to make the people put their ploughs (or work in general) away and prepare for a festival; to take a holiday.A typical “Jātaka”--phrase; J.I,228; II,296,367; III,129,414; IV,355; VI,328; DhA.III,10.(Page 137),9,1
  13796. 437819,en,15,unnata,uṇṇata,Uṇṇata,Uṇṇata,(adj.) [pp.of uṇṇamati,Sk.unnata] raised,high,fig.haughty (opp.oṇata) A.II,86; Sn.702 (an° care = uddhaccaṁ n’āpajjeyya SnA 492); Pug.52 (= ucca uggata Pug.A 229).Cp.<i>unnata</i>.(Page 130),6,1
  13797. 437829,en,15,unnata,unnata,Unnata,Unnata,[pp.of unnamati.Besides this form we find <i>uṇṇata</i> in fig.special meaning,q.v.] raised,high,lofty,in high situation (opp.oṇata) Pv IV.6<sup>6</sup> (= sāmin PvA.262); J.I,71; II369; VI 487; Miln.146,387; DA.I,45 See also unnaḷa.(Page 138),6,1
  13798. 437841,en,15,unnatabba,uññātabba,Uññātabba,Uññātabba,(adj.) [grd.fr.ava + <em>jñā</em> (?)] to be despised,contemptible,only in stock-phrase “daharo na uṇṇātabbo na paribhotabbo” S.I,69; Sn.p.93; SnA 424 (= na avajānitabbo,na nīcaṁ katvā jānitabbo ti).In same connection at J.V,63 mā naṁ daharo [ti] uññāsi (v.l.maññāsi) apucchitvāna (v.l.ā°).(Page 129),9,1
  13799. 437884,en,15,unnati,uṇṇati,Uṇṇati,Uṇṇati,(f.) [fr.uṇṇamati] haughtiness Sn.830; Nd<sup>1</sup> 158,170; Dhs.1116,1233.Cp.<i>unnati</i>.(Page 130),6,1
  13800. 437895,en,15,unnati,unnati,Unnati,Unnati,(f) [fr.unnamati; cp.uṇṇati] rising,lifting up,elevation Miln.387 (°avanati).(Page 138),6,1
  13801. 437931,en,15,unni,uṇṇī,Uṇṇī,Uṇṇī,(f.) [Sk.aurṇī fr.aurṇa woollen,der.of ūrṇa] a woollen dress Vin.II,108.(Page 130),4,1
  13802. 437946,en,15,upa-,upa-,Upa-,Upa-,[Vedic upa; Av.upa on,up; Gr.u(pό under,u(pέr over; Lat.sub fr.*(e)ks-upo; Goth.uf under &#38; on; Ohg.ūf = Ags.up = E.up; Oir.fo under.See also upari] prefix denoting nearness or close touch (cp.similarly ā),usually with the idea of approach from below or rest on top,on,upon,up,by.-- In comp<sup>n.</sup> a upa is always contracted to <i>upa</i>,e.g.devūpaṭṭhāna,lokûpaga,puññûpatthambhita.-- Meanings:(1) (Rest):on upon,up --:°kiṇṇa covered over; °jīvati live on (cp.anu°); °tthambhita propped up,sup-ported; °cita heaped up,ac-cumulated; °dhāreti hold or take up; °nata bent on; °nissaya foundation; °nissita depending on etc.-- (2) (Aim):(out) up to (the speaker or hearer); cp.the meanings developed out of this as “higher,above” in upara,upari,upama = Lat.superus,supremus E.g.°kaḍḍhati drag on to; °kappati come to,accrue; °kappana ad-ministering; °kāra service to; °kkhata administered; °gacchati go to,ap-proach (cp.upâtigacchati); °disati ad-vise; °dhāvati run up to:°nadati to sound out; °nikkhamati come out up to; °nisevita gone on to or after; °neti bring on to; etc.-- (3) (Nearness):close by,close to,near,“ad-”; e.g.°kaṇṇaka close to the ear; °cāra ap-plication; °ṭṭhāna at-tending; ṭṭhita ap-proached; °tiṭṭhati stand by,look after; °dduta urged; °nāmeti place close to; °nibandhati tie close to; °nisīdati sit close to or down by.-- (4) (Intensive use):quite,altogether,“up”; e.g.°antika quite near; °chindati cut up.-- (5) (Diminutive use as in Lat.subabsurdus; Gr.u(poλeukos whitish; Oir.fo-dord; Cymr.go-durdd murmur):nearly,about,somewhat,a little,secondary,by --,miniature,made after the style of,e.g.°aḍḍha about half; °kacchaka like a little hollow; °kaṇḍakin (= °paṇḍukin? whitish); °deva a minor god; °nibha somewhat similar to; °nila bluish; upapurohita minor priest; uparajja viceroyalty; upalohitaka,uparopa; °vana a little forest.etc.Note.The nearest semantie affinity of upa is ā°.(Page 138),4,1
  13803. 437957,en,15,upabbajati,upabbajati,Upabbajati,Upabbajati,[upa + <em>vraj</em>] to go to,resort to,visit Th.1,1052; J.IV,270,295; V,495 (= upagacchati C.); VI,43.(Page 145),10,1
  13804. 437968,en,15,upabbulha,upabbūḷha,Upabbūḷha,Upabbūḷha,see sam°.(Page 145),9,1
  13805. 437976,en,15,upabhoga,upabhoga,Upabhoga,Upabhoga,[fr.upa + <em>bhuj</em> cp.upabhuñjati] enjoyment,profit Vin.IV,267; J.II,431; IV,219 (v.l.paribhoga); VI,361; Miln.201,403; PvA.49,220 (°paribhoga); DhA.IV,7 (id.); Sdhp.268,341,547.(Page 145),8,1
  13806. 438027,en,15,upabhogga,upabhogga,Upabhogga,Upabhogga,(adj.) [Sk.upabhogya,grd.of upabhuñjati] to be enjoyed,enjoyable Miln.201.(Page 145),9,1
  13807. 438034,en,15,upabhogin,upabhogin,Upabhogin,Upabhogin,(adj.) [fr.upabhuñjati] enjoying Miln.267.(Page 145),9,1
  13808. 438051,en,15,upabhunjaka,upabhunjaka,Upabhunjaka,Upabhunjaka,(adj.) [fr.next] one who eats or enjoys Vism.555.(Page 145),11,1
  13809. 438065,en,15,upabhunjati,upabhunjati,Upabhunjati,Upabhunjati,[upa + <em>bhuj</em>] to enjoy J.III,495; V,350 (inf.°bhottuṁ) -- grd.<i>upabhogga</i>.-- pp.<i>upabhattu</i> (q.v.).(Page 145),11,1
  13810. 438073,en,15,upabhutta,upabhutta,Upabhutta,Upabhutta,[pp.of upabhunjati] enjoyed Dāvs III,65.(Page 145),9,1
  13811. 438080,en,15,upabruhana,upabrūhaṇa,Upabrūhaṇa,Upabrūhaṇa,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>bṛh</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,cp.BSk.upabṛṁhita Jtm 31<sup>95</sup>] expansion,increase,augmentation Vism.145; DhsA.117.(Page 145),10,1
  13812. 438138,en,15,upacara,upacāra,Upacāra,Upacāra,[fr.upa + <em>car</em>] -- 1.approach,access Vin.II,120,152; IV,304; J.I,83,172; DhsA.328 (phal°).-- 2.habit,practice,conduct Vin.II,20 (dassan°); SnA 140 (id.); J.III,280.-- 3.way,means application,use of (esp.of spells etc.) J.III,280 (mantassa); VI,180; Miln.153,154 (dur° an evil spell); VvA.127 (gram.t.t.kāraṇ°).-- 4.entrance,access,i.e.immediate vicinity or neighbourhood of (-°) J.IV,182 (nagar°); usually as <i>gām°</i> Vin.I,109; III,46; IV,230; KhA 77; SnA 83,179.-- 5.attention,attendance Vin.IV,272; J.VI,180; Miln.154.-- 6.civility,polite behaviour J.II,56; VI,102.-- 7.On upacāra as philos,t.t.and its relation to <i>appanā</i> see Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 53,54; Cpd.55; Mystic p.XI.Thus used of <i>samādhi</i> (neighbourhood-,or access-concentration,distinguishing it from appanā-samādhi) at Vism.85,126,144 and passim.(Page 140),7,1
  13813. 438298,en,15,upacarati,upacarati,Upacarati,Upacarati,[upa + carati] to deal with,handle,use J.VI,180.-- pp.<i>upaciṇṇa </i>&<i> upacarita</i> (q.v.).(Page 140),9,1
  13814. 438337,en,15,upacarita,upacarita,Upacarita,Upacarita,[pp.of upacarati] practised,served,enacted,performed Miln.359,360.(Page 140),9,1
  13815. 438360,en,15,upacaya,upacaya,Upacaya,Upacaya,[fr.upa + <i>ci</i>,cp.caya &#38; ācaya] heaping up,gathering,accumulation,heap.As t.t.with ref.to kamma “conservation”,with ref.to body &#38; form “integration”.(See discussion &#38; defin.at Cpd.253; Dhs.trsl.195).‹-› D.I,76 (= odana = kummās’ûpacayo,see under kāya); Dhs.582,642 (rūpassa u.= āyatanānaṁ ācayo),864; Vbh.147,151 sq.; Kvu 520; Nett 113; Vism.449; DA.I,220; PvA.198 (but v.l.paccayassa preferable).(Page 140),7,1
  13816. 438368,en,15,upacca,upacca,Upacca,Upacca,<i> = uppacca</i> (q.v.) “flying up” (= uppatitvā PvA.103) at Th.2,248 (= ThA.205,where v.l.and gloss upecca &#38; upacca,expl<sup>d.</sup> by upanetvā),as well as at Pv.II,7<sup>17</sup> (= PvA.103 where read upaccha; &#38; gloss upacca &#38; upecca).(Page 140),6,1
  13817. 438375,en,15,upaccaga,upaccagā,Upaccagā,Upaccagā,[upa + ati + agā of <em>gam</em>] 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.pret.of upâtigacchati (q.v.) to escape,pass,go by; to overcome Sn.333 (mā upaccagā = mā atikkami SnA 339) = Th.2,5 (= mā atikkami ThA.12); Sn.636,641,827 (= accagā atikkanta Nd<sup>1</sup> 167); Dh.315,412,417 (= atikkanta DhA.IV,225); Bu II.43.-- pl.<i>upaccaguṁ</i> S.I,35; A.III,311.(Page 140),8,1
  13818. 438391,en,15,upaccati,upaccati,Upaccati,Upaccati,(?) in phrase “akkhīni upacciṁsu” at J.VI,187 is probably faulty for <i>apaciyiṁsu</i> aor.of apaciyyati,Pass.of apacināti (cp.upaciyyati › upacināti) “the eyes failed”,lost power,went bad; cp.apacaya falling off,diminution.If not this reading we should suggest <i>upacchijjiṁsu</i> from upacchindati “were destroyed”,which however is not quite the sense wanted.(Page 140),8,1
  13819. 438406,en,15,upaccheda,upaccheda,Upaccheda,Upaccheda,[fr.upa + <em>chid</em>] breaking or cutting off,destruction,stop page,interruption M.I,245,327 (pāṇ° murder); J.I,67; Miln.134 (paveṇ° break of tradition) PvA.82 (kulavaṁs°); DhA.I,152 (āhār °ṁ karoti to prevent fr.taking food); DA.I,136,159.(Page 140),9,1
  13820. 438413,en,15,upacchedaka,upacchedaka,Upacchedaka,Upacchedaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.upaccheda] destroying,breaking off,stopping,interrupting J.I,418 (vacan°); IV,357; DA.I,69 (jīvit’indriy°); VvA.72 (id.).(Page 140),11,1
  13821. 438455,en,15,upacchindati,upacchindati,Upacchindati,Upacchindati,[upa + chindati] to break up or off,to destroy,interrupt,to stop Sn.972 (pot.°chinde); J.IV,127; Nd<sup>1</sup> 502; ThA.267; PvA.31 (kulavaṁso upacchijji aor.pass.); Vism.164,676 (bhavaṅgaṁ).(Page 140),12,1
  13822. 438481,en,15,upacchinna,upacchinna,Upacchinna,Upacchinna,[pp.of upacchindati] cut off,interrupted J.I,477; Miln.306.(Page 140),10,1
  13823. 438505,en,15,upacchubhati,upacchubhati,Upacchubhati,Upacchubhati,[upa + chubhati from <em>kṣubh</em> or <em>chubh</em>,see chuddha,khobha,nicchubhati,nicchodeti] to throw at M.I,364 (vv.ll.°chumbh°,°cubh°).(Page 140),12,1
  13824. 438519,en,15,upacika,upacikā,Upacikā,Upacikā,(f.) [connected with Sk.upadīkā,although the relation is not quite clear.Attempts at expl<sup>ns.</sup> by Trencker Notes 62 (*utpādikā › upatikā › upacikā) &#38; Kern,Toev.p.102 (upacikā = Vedic upajīka,this fr.upajihikā for °dihikā,vv.ll.upadehihā &#38; upadīkā).It may however be a direct der.from upa + <i>ci</i>,thus meaning “making heaps,a builder”] the termite or white ant Vin.II,113,148,152; III,151; M.I,306; J.III,320; IV,331; Miln.363,392; Vism.62,DhA.II,25; III,15.(Page 140),7,1
  13825. 438551,en,15,upacinati,upacināti,Upacināti,Upacināti,[upa + <em>ci</em>] -- 1.to collect,heap up,accumulate (puññaṁ or pāpaṁ) VvA.254; PvA.8,241.-- 2.to concentrate,pay attention Th.1,199 (C.upacetuṁ for ocetuṁ T.); J.V,339 (= oloketi).-- Pass.<i>upaciyyati</i> Th.1,807.-- pp.<i>upacita</i> (q.v.).(Page 140),9,1
  13826. 438573,en,15,upacinna,upaciṇṇa,Upaciṇṇa,Upaciṇṇa,[pp.of upacarati] used,frequented,known (as value) J.VI,180.(Page 140),8,1
  13827. 438586,en,15,upacita,upacita,Upacita,Upacita,[pp.of upacināti] -- 1.heaped up,accumulated,collected,produced (usually of puñña merit, &#38; kamma karma) Sn.697; KhA 132; SnA 492; VvA.7,271,342; PvA.30,150.-- 2.built up,conserved (of the body) Miln.232; DA.I,220.(Page 140),7,1
  13828. 438626,en,15,upacitatta,upacitatta,Upacitatta,Upacitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.upacita] storing up,accumulation Dhs.431.(Page 140),10,1
  13829. 438645,en,15,upada,upādā,Upādā,Upādā,(adv.) [shortened ger.of upādiyati for the usual upādāya in specialised meaning] lit.“taking up”,i.e.subsisting on something else,not original,secondary,derived (of rūpa form) Dhs.877,960,1210; Vism.275,444 (24 fold); DhsA.215,299,333,cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 127,197.-- Usually (and this is the earlier use of upādā) as neg.<i>anupādā</i> (for anupādāya) in meaning “not taking up any more (fuel,so as to keep the fire of rebirth alive)”,not clinging to love of the world,or the kilesas q.v.,having no more tendency to becoming; in phrases <i>a</i>.<i> parinibbānaṁ</i> “unsupported emancipation” M.I,148; S.IV,48; V,29; DhA.I,286 etc.; <i>a</i>.<i> vimokkho</i> mental release A.V,64 (A A:catuhi upādānehi agahetvā cittassa vimokkho; arahattass’etaṁ nāmaṁ); Vin.V,164; Ps.II,45 sq.; <i>a</i>.<i> vimutto</i> D.I,17 (= kinci dhammaṁ anupādiyitvā vimutto DA.I,109); cp.M.III,227 (paritassanā).(Page 149),5,1
  13830. 438682,en,15,upadahati,upadahati,Upadahati,Upadahati,[upa + dahati<sup>1</sup>] to put down,supply,furnish,put on; give,cause,make Vin.IV,149; D.II,135 (vippaṭisāraṁ); A.I,203 (dukkhaṁ); Miln.109,139,164,286,383.grd.pass.<i>°dahātabba</i> to be given or caused Vin.II,250 = A.III,197 (vippaṭisāra).Cp.upadhi.(Page 142),9,1
  13831. 438716,en,15,upadamseti,upadaṁseti,Upadaṁseti,Upadaṁseti,[= upadasseti with °aṁs° for °ass° like dhanseti = Sk.dharṣayati,haṁsa = harṣa etc.only in poetical passages] to cause to appear,to manifest M.II,120; S.I,64,65 (of gods,to become resplendent,to show divers colour-tones); A.II,84 = III,139 = 264 = Pug.49 (to show pleasure); Th.I,335,to bring forth (a goad,and so incite,urge on); Vin.IV,309.(Page 142),10,1
  13832. 438727,en,15,upadamsitar,upadaṁsitar,Upadaṁsitar,Upadaṁsitar,[n.ag.fr.upadaṁseti] one who shows Pug.49 (where upadhaṁsita is to be corrected to upad°,as already pointed out by Morris J P T S.1887,126.The word seems to be a crux to commentators,philologists,and translators,like upadaṁseti.Kern,Toev.s.v.keeps to the reading upah°,tries to connect it with Sk.dharṣati &#38; trsl<sup>s.</sup> “one who confirms”.The Pug.A leaves the word unexplained).(Page 142),11,1
  13833. 438739,en,15,upadana,upādāna,Upādāna,Upādāna,(nt.) [fr.upa + ā + <em>dā</em>] -- (lit.that (material) substratum by means of which an active process is kept alive or going),fuel,supply,provision; adj.(-°) supported by,drawing one’s existence from S.I,69; II 85 (aggikkhandho °assa pariyādānā by means of taking up fuel); V,284 (vāt°); J.III,342 sa-upādāna (adj.) provided with fuel S.IV,399; anupādāna without fuel DhA.II,163.‹-› 2.(appl<sup>d.</sup>) “drawing upon”,grasping,holding on,grip,attachment; adj.(-°) finding one’s support by or in,clinging to,taking up,nourished by.See on term Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 323 &#38; Cpd.171.They are classified as 4 upādānāni or four Graspings viz.kām°,diṭṭh°,sīlabbat°,attavād° or the graspings arising from sense-desires,speculation,belief in rites,belief in the soul-theory D.II,58; III,230; M.I,51,66; S.II,3; V 59; Dhs.1213; Ps.I,129; II,46,47; Vbh.375; Nett 48; Vism.569.-- For upādāna in var.connections see the foll.passages:D.I,25; II,31,33,56; III,278; M.I,66,136 (attavād°) 266; S.II,14,17,30,85; III,10,13 sq.,101,135,167,191; IV,32,87 sq.,102 (tannissitaṁ viññāṇaṁ tadupādānaṁ),390,400 (= taṇhā); A.IV,69; V,111 (upāy°); Sn.170,358,546; Ps.I,51 sq.,193; II,45 sq,113; Vbh.18,30,67,79,119,132; Dhs.1059,1136,1213,1536 sq.; Nett 28 sq.,41 sq.,114 sq.; DhA.IV,194.-- <i>sa°</i> full of attachment (to life) M.I,65; Vin.III,111; S.IV,102; <i>an°</i> unattached,not showing attachment to existence S.IV,399; Vin.III,111; Th.1,840; Miln.32; DA.I,98.<br><br> <i>--kkhandha</i>,usually as pañc’upādāna-kkhandhā the factors of the “fivefold clinging to existence” [cp.BSk.pañc’u°-skandhāḥ Av.Ś II.168<sup>1</sup> &#38; note] D.II,35,301 sq.; III,223,286; M.I,61,144,185; III,15,30,114,295; Ps.II,109 sq.; Vbh.101; Vism.505 (khandha-pañcaka).See for detail khandha II.B 2.<i>--kkhaya</i> extinction or disappearance of attachment S.II,54; A.III,376 sq.; Sn.475,743; It.75.<i>--nidāna</i> the ground of upādāna; adj.founded on or caused by attachment Ps.II,111; Vbh.135 sq.<i>--nirodha</i> destruction of “grasping” Vin.I,1 (in formula of paṭicca-samuppāda); S.II,7; III,14; A.I,177.<i>--paccaya</i> = °nidāna S.II,5; III 94; Sn.507,742.(Page 149),7,1
  13834. 438880,en,15,upadaniya,upādāniya,Upādāniya,Upādāniya,(adj.) [fr.upādāna,for *upādānika › °aka] belonging to or connected with upādāna,sensual,(inclined to) grasping; material (of rūpa),derived.See on term Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 203,322.-- S.II,84; III,47; IV,89,108; Dhs.584,1219,1538; Vbh.12 sq.,30,56,119,125,319,326.(Page 149),9,1
  13835. 438935,en,15,upadasseti,upadasseti,Upadasseti,Upadasseti,(upa + dasseti,Caus.of <em>dṛś</em>,cp.also upadaṁseti] to make manifest,to show Miln.276,316,347.(Page 142),10,1
  13836. 438961,en,15,upadaya,upādāya,Upādāya,Upādāya,(adv.) [ger.of upādiyati] -- 1.(as prep.with Acc.) lit.“taking it up” (as such &#38; such),i.e.(a) out of,as,for; in phrase anukampaṁ upādāya out of pity or mercy D.I,204; PvA.61,141,164.-- (b) compared with,alongside of,with reference to,according to D.I,205 (kālañ ca samayañ ca Acc.to time &#38; convenience); DhA.I,391; VvA.65 (paṁsucuṇṇaṁ); PvA.268 (manussalokaṁ).The same use of upādāya is found in BSk.,e.g.at Divy 25,359,413; Av.Ś I.255.-- 2.(ic same meaning &#38; application as upādā,i.e.in neg.form first &#38; then in positivé abstraction from the latter) as philosophical term “hanging on to”,i.e.derived,secondary (with rūpa) Vbh.12,67 etc.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 266.Usually as <i>anupādāya</i> “not clinging to”,without any (further) clinging (to rebirth),emancipated,unconditioned,free [cp.BSk.paritt-anupādāya free from the world Divy 655],freq.in phrase a.nibbuta completely emancipated S.II,279; A.I,162; IV,290; besides in foll.pass.:Vin.I,14 (a.cittaṁ vimuccati) 182 (id.); S.II,187 sq.; IV,20,107; V,317; Dh.89 = S.V,24 (ādānapaṭi-nisagge a.ye ratā); Dh.414; Sn.363; It.94 (+ aparitassato).(Page 149),7,1
  13837. 438973,en,15,upadayaka,upadāyaka,Upadāyaka,Upadāyaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.upa + <em>dā</em>] giving,bestowing Sdhp.319.(Page 142),9,1
  13838. 438993,en,15,upadayhati,upaḍayhati,Upaḍayhati,Upaḍayhati,[upa + ḍayhati] to be burnt up Miln.277.(Page 141),10,1
  13839. 439012,en,15,upaddava,upaddava,Upaddava,Upaddava,[upa + dava<sup>2</sup> of <em>dru</em>] lit.rushing on; accident,misfortune,distress,oppression S.II,210; A.I,101; Sn.51; Dh.338 (an°); DhA.I,16; Sdhp.267,398.(Page 142),8,1
  13840. 439045,en,15,upaddavati,upaddavati,Upaddavati,Upaddavati,[fr.upa + <em>dru</em>] to annoy,trouble DA.I,213.-- pp.<i>upadduta</i> (q.v.).(Page 142),10,1
  13841. 439067,en,15,upaddha,upaḍḍha,Upaḍḍha,Upaḍḍha,(adj.-nt.) [upa + aḍḍha,used abs.whereas aḍḍha only in comp<sup>n.</sup>,cp.also BSk.upārdha Divy 86,144,514; AvS.I,211,240] half Vin.I,281 (°kāsina); II,200 (°āsana); J.III,11 (°rajja); Vism.320 (°gāma); DhA.I,15,205 (°uposathakamma); II,85; KhA 239 (°gāthā); SnA 298; VvA.38,61,120; PvA.209,276.(Page 141),7,1
  13842. 439240,en,15,upadduta,upadduta,Upadduta,Upadduta,[pp.of upaddavati] overrun,oppressed,annoyed,overcome,distressed Vin.II,170; III,144,283; S.II,210; IV,29; J.I,26,61,339; II,102; IV,324,494; Pv.II,10<sup>8</sup>; Vism.24 (= apakata); Miln.279; VvA.311 (aṭṭita +); PvA.61.<i>an°</i> unmolested PvA.195; anupaddutatta state of not being molested VvA.95.(Page 142),8,1
  13843. 439258,en,15,upadesa,upadesa,Upadesa,Upadesa,[fr.upadisati] pointing out,indication,instruction,advice PvA.26 (tadupadesena read for tadupād°; KhA 208 differs at id.p.); KhA 100; Sdhp.227.(Page 142),7,1
  13844. 439277,en,15,upadeva,upadeva,Upadeva,Upadeva,[upa + deva,on use of upa in this meaning see upa 5] a secondary,lesser,minor god PvA.136.(Page 142),7,1
  13845. 439284,en,15,upadhamsitar,upadhaṁsitar,Upadhaṁsitar,Upadhaṁsitar, &#38; Upadhaṁseti at Pug.49 is to be read <i>upad°</i> (q.v.).(Page 142),12,1
  13846. 439291,en,15,upadhana,upadhāna,Upadhāna,Upadhāna,(adj.nt.) [fr.upa + <em>dhā</em>,cp.upadahati] “putting under”,i.e.(1) a pillow,cushion D.I,7; S.II,267 = Miln.366 (kaḷingar°); S.III,145; A.I,137,181; III,50,J.IV,201; V,506 (tamb° = ratt° C.); (2) imposing,giving,causing Dh.291 dukkh°).(Page 142),8,1
  13847. 439300,en,15,upadhaneti,upadhāneti,Upadhāneti,Upadhāneti,[f.upa + <em>dhā</em>] to suppose,think,reflect DhA.I,239 (should be corrected to <i>upadhāreti</i>).(Page 142),10,1
  13848. 439314,en,15,upadharana,upadhāraṇā,Upadhāraṇā,Upadhāraṇā,(f) [cp.upadhāraṇa] calculation VvA.7.(Page 142),10,1
  13849. 439315,en,15,upadharana,upadhāraṇā,Upadhāraṇā,Upadhāraṇā,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>dhṛ</em>] “receptacle”,milk-pail D.II,192; A.IV,393; J.VI,503.See kaṁs°.Kern,Toev.I.142 proposes corruption fr.kaṁs’ûpadohana,which latter however does not occur in Pali.(Page 142),10,1
  13850. 439364,en,15,upadhareti,upadhāreti,Upadhāreti,Upadhāreti,(Caus.of upa + <em>dhṛ</em>,cp.dhāreti<sup>3</sup>] 1.“to hold or take up” (cp.semantically Lat.teneo = E.tenet),to reason out,conclude,reflect,surmise,know as such &#38; such,realise J.I,338; DhA.I,28,41; II,15,20,37,96; IV,197 (an°); VvA.48,200 (an°),234,260 (an°),324; PvA.119 (for jānāti).-- 2.to look out for (Acc.) J.III,65; VI,2.(Page 142),10,1
  13851. 439389,en,15,upadharita,upadhārita,Upadhārita,Upadhārita,[pp.of upadhāreti] considered,reflected upon Dh.I,28; sûpadh° Miln.10; dûpadh° Vin.IV,275.(Page 142),10,1
  13852. 439418,en,15,upadhavati,upadhāvati,Upadhāvati,Upadhāvati,[upa + dhāvati 1] to run up to or after,fall upon,surround Vin.II,207; IV,260 (pp.°dhāvita); S.I,185; S.II,26 (aparantaṁ); Th.1,1209; Miln.209; VvA.256; PvA.154,168,173 (for padhāvitā).(Page 142),10,1
  13853. 439436,en,15,upadheyya,upadheyya,Upadheyya,Upadheyya,(nt.) [cp.upadhāna] a cushion J.VI,490 (for upatheyya,q.v.).(Page 142),9,1
  13854. 439448,en,15,upadhi,upadhi,Upadhi,Upadhi,[fr.upa + <em>dhā</em>,cp.upadahati &#38; BSk.upadhi Divy 50,224,534] 1.putting down or under,foundation,basis,ground,substratum (of rebirth) S.I,117,124,134,186; A.II,24 (°saṅkhaya); III,382 (id.); IV,150 (°kkhaya); It.21,69; Sn.364,728 (upadhī-nidānā dukkha = vaṭṭa-dukkhaṁ SnA 505),789,992; Nd<sup>1</sup> 27,141; Nd<sup>2</sup> 157; Vbh.338; Nett 29; DhA.IV,33.-- (2) clinging to rebirth (as impeding spiritual progress),attachment (almost syn.with kilesa or taṇhā,cp.nirupadhi &#38; anupadhi); S A.= pañcakkhandhā,S.II,108.At M I 162 (cp.Sn.33 = S.I,6 = I.107) wife and children,flocks and herds,silver and gold are called <i>upadhayo</i>.<i> upadhi</i> is the root of sorrow ib.454; S.II,108; Sn.728 = 1051 = Th.I,152 and the rejection of all upadhis is Nibbāna D.II,36.(cp.S.I,136; III,133; V,226; A.I,80; M.I,107 = II.93; Vin.I,5,36 = J.I,83 = Mvst II.444; It.46,62); D.III,112 calls that which has <i>upadhi</i> ignoble (= non-Aryan).At S.I,117 = Divy 224 upadhi is called a bond (saṁgo).Cp.opadhika.-- The upadhis were later systematized into a set of 10,which are given at Nd<sup>2</sup> 157 as follows:5 taṇh’upadhis (taṇhā,diṭṭhi,kilesa,kamma,duccarita),āhār-upadhi,paṭigh°,catasso upādinnā dhātuyo u.(viz.kāma,diṭṭhi,sīlabbata,attavāda; see D.III,230),cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni u.,cha viññāṇa-kāyā u.Another modified classification see at Brethren p.398.(Page 142),6,1
  13855. 439460,en,15,upadhi,upādhi,Upādhi,Upādhi,[fr.upa + ā + <em>dhā</em>] 1.cushion J.VI,253.-- 2.supplement,ornament (?),in <i>°ratha</i> “the chariot with the outfit”,expl<sup>d.</sup> by C.as the royal chariot with the golden slipper J.VI,22.(Page 149),6,1
  13856. 439476,en,15,upadhika,upadhika,Upadhika,Upadhika,(Upadhīka) (adj.) (-°) [fr.upadhi] having a substratum,showing attachment to rebirth,only in cpds.<i>an°</i> free from clinging Vin.I,36; Sn.1057, &#38; <i>nir°</i> id.S.I,141.(Page 142),8,1
  13857. 439572,en,15,upadhiya,upādhiya,Upādhiya,Upādhiya,[fr.upāhi] being furnished with a cushion J.VI,252 (adj.).(Page 149),8,1
  13858. 439588,en,15,upadi°,upādi°,Upādi°,Upādi°,[the comp<sup>n.-</sup>from of upādāna,derived fr.upādā in analogy to nouns in °a &#38; °ā which change their a to i in comp<sup>n.</sup> with <em>kṛ</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>bhū</em><i>;</i> otherwise a n.formation fr.<em>dā</em> analogous to °dhi fr.<em>dhā</em> in upadhi] = upādāna,but in more concrete meaning of “stuff of life”,substratum of being,khandha; only in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>°sesa</i> (adj.) having some fuel of life (= khandhas or substratum) left,i.e.still dependent (on existence),not free,materially determined S.V,129,181; A.III,143; It.40; Vism.509.More frequently neg.<i>an-upādi-sesa</i> (nibbāna,nibbānadhātu or parinibbāna,cp.similarly BSk.anupādi-vimukti M Vastu I.69) completely emancipated,free,without any (material) substratum Vin.II,239 (nibbāna-dhātu); D.III,135; M.I,148 (parinibbāna); A.II,120; IV,75 sq.,202,313; J.I,28,55; Sn.876; It.39,121 (nibbāna-dhātu); Ps.I.101; Vism.509; DhA.IV,108 (nibbāna); VvA.164,165.Opp.<i>saupādisesa</i> A.IV,75 sq.,378 sq.; Sn.354 (opp.nibbāyi); Vism.509; Nett 92.See further ref.under nibbāna &#38; parinibbāna.(Page 149),6,1
  13859. 439598,en,15,upadinna,upādiṇṇa,Upādiṇṇa,Upādiṇṇa,[for °ādinna with substitution of ṇṇ for nn owing to wrong derivation as pp.from ādiyati<sup>2</sup> instead of ādiyati<sup>1</sup>] grasped at,laid hold of; or “the issue of grasping”,i.e.material,derived,secondary (cp.upādā),see def.at Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 201,324.-- Dhs.585,877,1211,1534; Vbh.2 sq.,326,433; Vism.349,451; <i>an°</i> Vin.III,113; Dhs.585,991,1212,1535.(Page 149),8,1
  13860. 439626,en,15,upadinnaka,upādiṇṇaka,Upādiṇṇaka,Upādiṇṇaka,(adj,) = <i>upādiṇṇa</i> DhsA.311,315,378; Vism.398.(Page 149),10,1
  13861. 439778,en,15,upadisati,upadisati,Upadisati,Upadisati,[upa + disati] to point out,show,advise,specify J.V,457 (sippaṁ); Miln.21 (dhamma-maggaṁ).-- pp.upadiṭṭha (q.v.).(Page 142),9,1
  13862. 439818,en,15,upadissati,upadissati,Upadissati,Upadissati,[upa + dissati] to be seen (open),to be shown up,to be found out or discovered Sn.140 (pres.upadissare = °nti SnA 192).(Page 142),10,1
  13863. 439830,en,15,upadittha,upadiṭṭha,Upadiṭṭha,Upadiṭṭha,[pp.of upadisati] pointed out,put forth,specified Miln.144 (pañha).(Page 142),9,1
  13864. 439858,en,15,upadiyati,upādiyati,Upādiyati,Upādiyati,[upa + ā + <em>dā</em>,see ādiyati<sup>1</sup>] to take hold of,to grasp,cling to,show attachment (to the world),cp.upādāna D.II,292; M.I,56,67; S.II,14; III,73,94,135; IV,168 (na kiñci loke u.= parinibbāyati); Sn.752,1103,1104; Nd<sup>1</sup> 444 (= ādeti); Nd<sup>2</sup> 164.ppr.<i>upādiyaṁ</i> S.IV,24 = 65 (an°); -- ppr.med.<i>upādiyamāna</i> S.III,73; SnA 409, &#38; <i>upādiyāna</i> (°ādiyāno) Sn.470; Dh.20.‹-› ger.<i>upādāya</i> in lit.meaning “taking up” J.I,30; Miln.184,338,341; for specialised meaning &#38; use as prep.see separately as also <i>upādā</i> and <i>upādiyitvā</i> VvA.209; DA.I,109 (an°); DhA.IV,194 (an°).-- pp.<i>upādiṇṇa</i> (q.v.).(Page 149),9,1
  13865. 439894,en,15,upaga,upaga,Upaga,Upaga,(always as °ûpaga) (adj.) [upa + ga] -- 1.going to,getting to,reaching,in phrases kāy°,S.II,24; ākās’ānañc’āyatan° etc.Ps.I,84; kāy° S.II,24; brahmalok° Pv.II,13<sup>19</sup>; yathākamm° D.I,82.-- 2.coming into,experiencing,having,as vikappan° according to option Vin.IV,283; phal° bearing fruit, &#38; pupph° having flowers,in flower PvA.275.‹-› 3.attached to,belonging to,being at J.I,51 (hatth°); VvA.12 (id.+ pādûpaga).-- 4.in phrase <i>gayh°</i> lit.“accessible to the grip”,acquisition of property,theft J.IV,219 (T.gayhûpaka); Miln.325; DhA.II,29; PvA.4.(Page 139),5,1
  13866. 439931,en,15,upagacchati,upagacchati,Upagacchati,Upagacchati,[upa + gacchati] -- 1.to come to,go to,approach,flow to (of water) D.II,12; PvA.12 (vasanaṭṭhānaṁ),29,32 (vāsaṁ) 132; ger.<i>°gantvā</i> PvA.70 (attano santikaṁ), &#38; <i>°gamma</i> S.II,17,20.-- 2.to undergo,go (in) to,to begin,undertake Sn.152 (diṭṭhiṁ anupagamma); J.I,106 (vassaṁ); PvA.42 (id.); J.I,200; niddaṁ upagacchati to drop off into sleep PvA.43 (aor.upagacchi,MSS.°gañchi),105,128.-- pp.<i>upagata</i> (q.v.).(Page 140),11,1
  13867. 439939,en,15,upagacchati,upāgacchati,Upāgacchati,Upāgacchati,[upa + ā + <em>gam</em>] to come to,arrive at,reach,obtain,usually aor.upāgañchi Cp I 10<sup>10</sup>,pl.upāgañchuṁ Sn.1126; or upāgami Sn.426,685,pl.upāgamuṁ Sn.302,1126.Besides in pres.imper.upāgaccha PvA.64 (so read for upagaccha).-- pp.<i>upāgata</i>.(Page 148),11,1
  13868. 439972,en,15,upagalita,upagaḷita,Upagaḷita,Upagaḷita,[pp.of upagaḷati] flowing out,spat or slobbered out J.V,471 (°khelo; v.l.paggharita).(Page 140),9,1
  13869. 439988,en,15,upagamana,upagamana,Upagamana,Upagamana,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>gam</em>] approaching,going or coming to,undergoing,undertaking Vin.II,97 (+ ajjhupag°); Nett 27; Vism.600; PvA.42 (vass°).(Page 140),9,1
  13870. 439995,en,15,upagamanaka,upagamanaka,Upagamanaka,Upagamanaka,(adj.) [fr.upagamana] going to,one who goes to (with Acc.) PvA.168 (= °upaga).(Page 140),11,1
  13871. 440043,en,15,upagamin,upagāmin,Upagāmin,Upagāmin,(adj.) [fr.upa + <em>gam</em>,cp.°upaga] going to,undergoing,experiencing A.II,6 (jāti jar°).(Page 140),8,1
  13872. 440067,en,15,upaganhana,upagaṇhanā,Upagaṇhanā,Upagaṇhanā,(f.) [abstr.of upa + <em>gṛh</em>] taking up,keeping up.meditating Miln.37.(Page 140),10,1
  13873. 440069,en,15,upaganhati,upagaṇhāti,Upagaṇhāti,Upagaṇhāti,[upa + gaṇhāti] to take up (for meditation) Miln.38.(Page 140),10,1
  13874. 440094,en,15,upagata,upagata,Upagata,Upagata,[pp.of upagacchati] -- 1.gone to,come,approached (intrs.) Sn.708 (āsan° = nisinna SnA 495); PvA.77 (santikaṁ),78,79 (petalokaṁ),123.-- 2.undergoing,coming or come under,overpowered,suffering Nd<sup>2</sup> under asita (= ajjhupagata in same conn.at A.V,187); Pv.I,11<sup>10</sup> (khuppipās°); PvA.60 (= abhibhūta).(Page 140),7,1
  13875. 440104,en,15,upagata,upāgata,Upāgata,Upāgata,[pp.of upāgacchati] come to,having reached or attained Sn.1016; PvA.117 (yakkhattaṁ); Sdhp.280.(Page 148),7,1
  13876. 440146,en,15,upagghata,upagghāta,Upagghāta,Upagghāta,[pp.of next] scented,smelled,kissed J.VI,543 (C.sīsamhi upasiṅghita).(Page 140),9,1
  13877. 440150,en,15,upagghayati,upagghāyati,Upagghāyati,Upagghāyati,[upa + <em>ghrā</em>,see ghāyati<sup>1</sup>] to smell at,in sense of “to kiss” J.V,328 (also inf.upagghātuṁ).(Page 140),11,1
  13878. 440159,en,15,upaghata,upaghāta,Upaghāta,Upaghāta,[fr.upa + <em>(g)han</em>,cp.ghāta] hurting,injuring,injury M.III,237; S.II,218; IV,323 sq.; A.III,173; Th.1,583; Miln.274,307,347; DA.I,273.<i>an°</i> not hurting others,kindness Dh.185.(Page 140),8,1
  13879. 440193,en,15,upaghatana,upaghātana,Upaghātana,Upaghātana,(nt.) [fr.upaghāta] hurting DhA.III,237 (an°).(Page 140),10,1
  13880. 440209,en,15,upaghatika,upaghātika,Upaghātika,Upaghātika,(adj.) [fr.upaghāta] injuring,offending Vin.II,13.(Page 140),10,1
  13881. 440213,en,15,upaghatin,upaghātin,Upaghātin,Upaghātin,(adj.) [fr.upaghāta] hurting,injuring J.III,523.(Page 140),9,1
  13882. 440223,en,15,upaghattita,upaghaṭṭita,Upaghaṭṭita,Upaghaṭṭita,[pp.of upaghaṭṭeti] knocked or knocking against J.I,26 (V.179).(Page 140),11,1
  13883. 440256,en,15,upaguhati,upagūhati,Upagūhati,Upagūhati,[upa + gūhati] to embrace J.I,346,349; II,424; III,437; V,157,328,384.-- ger.<i>upaguyha</i> J.VI,300.(Page 140),9,1
  13884. 440291,en,15,upahacca,upahacca,Upahacca,Upahacca,(°-) [ger.of upahanti] -- 1.spoiling,impairing,defiling J.V,267 (manaṁ) -- 2.reducing,cutting short; only in phrase <i>upahacca-parinibbāyin</i> “coming to extinction after reducing the time of rebirths (or after having almost reached the destruction of life”) S.V,70,201 sq.; A.I,233 sq.; IV,380; Pug.17 (upagantvā kālakiriyaṁ āyukkhayassa āsane ṭhatvā ti attho Pug.A 199); Nett 190.-- The term is not quite clear; there seems to have existed very early confusion with upapacca › upapajja › uppajja,as indicated by BSk.upapadya-parinirvāyin,and by remarks of C.on Kvu 268,as quoted at Kvu trsl<sup>n.</sup> 158,159.(Page 148),8,1
  13885. 440321,en,15,upahana,upāhanā,Upāhanā,Upāhanā,(f.) [with metathesis for upānahā = Sk.upānah f.or upānaha m.; but cp.BSk.upānaha nt.Divy 6] a shoe,sandal Vin.I,185; II,118,207 (adj.sa-upāhana),208; S.I,226; J.IV,173,223; Pv.II,4<sup>9</sup>; Nd<sup>2</sup> 226; KhA 45; DhA.I,381 (chatt °ṁ as nt? v.l.°nā); PvA.127,186.‹-› upāhanaṁ (or upāhanā) ārohati to put on sandals J.IV,16; VI,524; opp.omuñcati take off Vin.II,207,208; J.III,415; IV,16.-- Note.An older form upānad° (for upānadh = Sk.upānah) is seen by Kern in pānadûpama J.II,223,which is read by him as upānadûpama (v.l.upāhan-upama).See Toev.s.v.upānad.(Page 150),7,1
  13886. 440400,en,15,upahannati,upahaññati,Upahaññati,Upahaññati,[Pass.of upahanti] to be spoilt or injured Sn.584; J.IV,14; Miln.26.(Page 148),10,1
  13887. 440413,en,15,upahanti,upahanti,Upahanti,Upahanti,( &#38; <i>°hanati</i> J.I,454) [upa + <em>han</em>] to impair,injure; to reduce,cut short; to destroy,only in ger.<i>upahacca;</i> pp.<i>upahata</i> &#38; Pass.<i>upahaññati</i> (q.v.).(Page 148),8,1
  13888. 440427,en,15,upahara,upahāra,Upahāra,Upahāra,[fr.upa + <em>hṛ</em>] bringing forward,present,offering,gift Vin.III,136 (āhār°) A.II,87; III,33; V,66 (mett°); J.I,47; IV,455; VI,117; DA.I,97.(Page 148),7,1
  13889. 440437,en,15,upaharana,upaharaṇa,Upaharaṇa,Upaharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>hṛ</em>] -- 1.presentation; luxury J.I,231.-- 2.taking,seizing J.VI,198.(Page 148),9,1
  13890. 440446,en,15,upaharati,upaharati,Upaharati,Upaharati,[upa + <em>hṛ</em>] to bring,offer,present A.II,87; III,33; Dh.I,301,302; J.V,477.(Page 148),9,1
  13891. 440474,en,15,upahata,upahata,Upahata,Upahata,[pp.of upahanti] injured,spoilt; destroyed D.I,86 (phrase khata + upahata); S.I,238 (na sûpahata “not easily put out” trsl.); II 227; A.I,161; Dh.134; J.VI,515; Miln.223,302; DhA.II,33 (an°).<br><br> The formula at D.I,86 (khata+upahata) is doubtful as to its exact meaning.According to Bdhgh it means “one who has destroyed his foundation of salvation,” i.e.one who cannot be saved.Thus at DA.I,237:“bhinna-patiṭṭho jāto,” i.e.without a basis.Cp.remarks under khata.The trsl<sup>n</sup> at Dial.I.95 gives it as “deeply affected and touched in heart”:doubtful.The phrase <i>upahaccaparinibbāyin</i> may receive light from <i>upahata</i>.(Page 148),7,1
  13892. 440482,en,15,upahata,upāhata,Upāhata,Upāhata,[upa + āhata] struck,afflicted,hurt J.I,414.(Page 150),7,1
  13893. 440521,en,15,upahattar,upahattar,Upahattar,Upahattar,[Sk.*upahartṛ,n.ag.of upa + <em>hṛ</em>] a bringer (of) M.I,447 sq.(Page 148),9,1
  13894. 440532,en,15,upahimsati,upahiṁsati,Upahiṁsati,Upahiṁsati,[upa + <i>hiṁs</i>] to injure,hurt Vin.II,203; J.IV,156.(Page 148),10,1
  13895. 440544,en,15,upajanati,upajānāti,Upajānāti,Upajānāti,[upa + jānāti] to learn,acquire or have knowledge of (w.Gen.or Instr.),to know Vin.I,272 (saṁyamassa); II,181 (gharāvās’atthena); A.I,50 (dvinnaṁ dhammānaṁ upaññāsin).-- fut.upaññissati (&<i> upaññassati</i> Sn.716) Sn.701,716 (= upaññayissati kathayissati SnA 498); J.V,215.-- pp.<i>upaññāta</i> (q.v.).(Page 141),9,1
  13896. 440572,en,15,upajivati,upajīvati,Upajīvati,Upajīvati,[upa + jīvati] to live on (w.Acc.),to depend on,to live by somebody,to be supported by (Acc.) D.I,228; S.I,217; Sn.612 sq.; Th.1,943; J.III,309,338; IV,271 (= anujīvati); Pv.II,9<sup>50</sup> (Aṅkuraṁ u.ti taṁ nissāya jīvanti PvA.134); Miln.231.(Page 141),9,1
  13897. 440587,en,15,upajivika,upajīvika,Upajīvika,Upajīvika,(adj.) [= upajīvin] Sdhp.501 (see next).(Page 141),9,1
  13898. 440591,en,15,upajivin,upajīvin,Upajīvin,Upajīvin,(-°) (adj.-n.) [fr.upa + <em>jīv</em>] living on,subsisting by A.II,135 (phal°); Sn.217 (para-datt°),J.I,227 (vohār°); IV,380; Pug.51; Miln.160 (Satth°); VvA.141 (sipp°).f.upajīvinī in rūp° (itthi) a woman earning her living by her beauty (i.e.a courtesan) Miln.122; PvA.46; cp.kiliṭṭha-kamm° gaṇikā PvA.195.(Page 141),8,1
  13899. 440597,en,15,upajjha,upajjha,Upajjha,Upajjha,see next.(Page 141),7,1
  13900. 440623,en,15,upajjhaya,upajjhāya,Upajjhāya,Upajjhāya,[Vedic upādhyāya,upa + adhi + <i>i</i>,līt.“one who is gone close up to”] a spiritual teacher or preceptor,master.Often comb<sup>d.</sup> with <i>ācariya</i> e.g.Vin.I,119; Nd<sup>1</sup> 350; the ācariya being only the deputy or substitute of the upajjhāya.Vin.I,45,53,62,120; IV,130; S.I,185; A.II,66,78; III,69; SnA 346; DhA.II,93; PvA.55,60,230.-- A short form of upajjhāya is <i>upajjha</i>,found in the Vinaya,e.g.at Vin.I,94; III,35; with f.<i>upajjhā</i> Vin.IV,326.(Page 141),9,1
  13901. 440663,en,15,upajuta,upajūta,Upajūta,Upajūta,(nt.) [upa + jūta] stake at game J.VI,192.(Page 141),7,1
  13902. 440671,en,15,upaka,upaka,Upaka,Upaka,(-°) [for °upaga] found only in comb<sup>n.</sup> <i>kulûpaka</i> where second k stands for g.through assimilation with first k.Only with ref.to a bhikkhu = one who frequents a certain family (for the purpose of getting alms),a family friend,associate Vin.I,192,208; III,84; S.II,200 sq.; A.III,258 sq.; Nd<sup>2</sup> 385<sup>1</sup>; Pv III,8<sup>5</sup>; PvA.266.-- f.<i>kulûpikā</i> (bhikkhunī) Vin.II,268; IV,66.-- Sporadic in gayhūpaka (for °ûpaga) at J.IV,219.(Page 138),5,1
  13903. 440683,en,15,upakaccha,upakaccha,Upakaccha,Upakaccha,(°-) [upa + kacchā<sup>2</sup>] only in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>°antare</i> lit.“in between the hips or loins or arm-pits”,in 3 phrases (cp.Kern,Toev.II.140 s.v.),viz.upakacchantare <i>katvā</i> taking (it) between the legs J.I,63,425,<i>khipitvā</i> throwing (it) into the armpits J.V,211 &#38; <i>ṭhapetvā</i> id.J.V,46.(Page 138),9,1
  13904. 440691,en,15,upakacchaka,upakacchaka,Upakacchaka,Upakacchaka,[upa + kacchā + ka,cp.Sk.upakakṣa in diff.meaning] (1) [= upa + kaccha<sup>1</sup> + ka] like an enclosure,adj.in the form of a hollow or a shelter J.I,158.(2) [= upa + kacchā<sup>2</sup> + ka] like the armpit,a hollow,usually the armpit,but occasionally it seems to be applied to the hip or waist Vin.III,39; IV,260 (pudendum muliebre); Miln.293; J.V,437 (= kaccha<sup>2</sup>).(Page 138),11,1
  13905. 440714,en,15,upakaddhati,upakaḍḍhati,Upakaḍḍhati,Upakaḍḍhati,[upa + kaḍḍhati,cp.upakaṭṭha] to drag or pull on to (w.Dat.),or down to D.I,180 (+ apakaḍḍhati); III,127 (id.); M.I,365; S.I,49; II,99; Dh.311 (nirayāya = niraye nibbattapeti DhA.III,484).(Page 138),11,1
  13906. 440741,en,15,upakandakin,upakaṇḍakin,Upakaṇḍakin,Upakaṇḍakin,(Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup>) see under <i>uppaṇḍukin</i>.(Page 138),11,1
  13907. 440743,en,15,upakanna,upakaṇṇa,Upakaṇṇa,Upakaṇṇa,(°-) [upa + kaṇṇa] lit.(spot) near the ear,only in oblique cases or in der.°ka (q.v.) Th.1,200 (upakannamhi close to the ear,under the ear).(Page 138),8,1
  13908. 440756,en,15,upakannaka,upakannaka,Upakannaka,Upakannaka,(adj.) [upa + kaṇṇa + ka] by the ear,being at or on the ear of somebody,only in Loc.as adv.<i>upakaṇṇake</i> secretly Vin.I,237; II,99; IV,20,271; S.I,86; A.III,57; SnA 186; and in cpd.<i>°jappin</i> one who whispers into the ear (of another),spreader of reports A.III,136.Cp.kaṇṇajappaka &#38; kaṇṇajappana.(Page 138),10,1
  13909. 440764,en,15,upakantha,upakaṇṭha,Upakaṇṭha,Upakaṇṭha,at Dāvs.V,41 is to be corrected to <i>upakaṭṭha</i>.(Page 138),9,1
  13910. 440771,en,15,upakappana,upakappana,Upakappana,Upakappana,(nt.) [fr.upakappati] profit PvA.29 (dān°),49 (an°).(Page 139),10,1
  13911. 440780,en,15,upakappanaka,upakappanaka,Upakappanaka,Upakappanaka,(adj.) [fr.upakappana] profitable J.I,398; DhA.II,133.(Page 139),12,1
  13912. 440814,en,15,upakappati,upakappati,Upakappati,Upakappati,[upa + kappati] intrs.) to be beneficial to (w.Dat.),to serve,to accrue S.I,85; Pv.I,4<sup>4</sup> (= nippajjati PvA.19); I,5<sup>7</sup> (petānaṁ); I,10<sup>4</sup> (= viniyujjati PvA.49); J.V,350; PvA.8,29 (petānaṁ),27 (id.),241; Sdhp.501,504.(Page 139),10,1
  13913. 440837,en,15,upakara,upakāra,Upakāra,Upakāra,[fr.upa + <em>kṛ</em>,cp.upakaraṇa] service,help,benefit,obligation,favour D.III,187 sq.; VvA.68; PvA.8,18 (°āya hoti is good for); Sdhp.283,447,530.‹-› <i>bahûpakāra</i> (adj.) of great help,very serviceable or helpful S.IV,295; PvA.114.upakāraṁ karoti to do a favour,to oblige PvA.42,88,159 (kata); katûpakāra one to whom a service has been rendered PvA.116.<br><br> <i>--āvaha</i> useful,serviceable,doing good PvA.86.(Page 139),7,1
  13914. 440854,en,15,upakaraka,upakāraka,Upakāraka,Upakāraka,(adj.) [fr.upakāra] serviceable,helping,effective J.V,99; Vism.534.-- f.<i>upakārikā</i> 1.benefactress,helper J.III,437.-- 2.fortification (strengthening of the defence) on a city wall D.I,105,see DA.I,274 &#38; cp.parikkhāra; M.I,86 (= Nd<sup>2</sup> 199<sup>6</sup>).-- 3.(philosophy) = cause (that which is an aid in the persistence or happening of any given thing) <i>Tikapaṭṭhāna</i> I.11 (Page 139),9,1
  13915. 440899,en,15,upakarana,upakaraṇa,Upakaraṇa,Upakaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>kṛ</em>] help,service,support; means of existence,livelihood D.II,340; A.II,86; J.I,7; PvA.60 (commodities),133 (°manussa,adj.suitable,fit); Sdhp.69.In general any instrument or means of achieving a purpose,viz.apparatus of a ship J.IV,165; <i>tunnavaya°</i> a weaver’s outfit J.II,364; <i>dabb°</i> fit to be used as wood Vism.120; <i>dān°</i> materials for a gift PvA.105 (so read &#38; cp.upakkhaṭa); <i>nahān°</i> bathing requisites VvA.248; vitt° luxuries A.V,264 sq.,283,290 sq.; PvA.71.(Page 139),9,1
  13916. 441008,en,15,upakarin,upakārin,Upakārin,Upakārin,(adj.-n.) [fr.upakāra; cp.ASk.upakārin Jtm.31<sup>42</sup>] a benefactor J.III,11; DA.I,187; Sdhp.540,546.(Page 139),8,1
  13917. 441028,en,15,upakaroti,upakaroti,Upakaroti,Upakaroti,[upa + karoti] to do a service,serve,help,support Th.2,89 (aor.upakāsiṁ = anugaṇhiṁ santappesiṁ ThA.88).-- pp.<i>upakkhaṭa</i> (q.v.).(Page 139),9,1
  13918. 441051,en,15,upakattha,upakaṭṭha,Upakaṭṭha,Upakaṭṭha,(adj.) [pp.of upa + <em>karś</em> to draw up or near to] approaehing,near J.IV,213 (yāva upakaṭṭha-majjhantikā till nearly noon).Usually in foll.two phrases:<i>upakaṭṭhe kāle</i> when the time was near,i.e.at the approach of meal time Vin.IV,175; VvA.6,294; and <i>upakaṭṭhāya vassûpanāyikāya</i> as Lent was approaching Vin.I,253; PvA.42; VvA.44.Cp.vūpakaṭṭha.-- Loc.<i>upakaṭṭhe</i> as adv.or prep.“near,in the neighbourhood of” Nd<sup>2</sup> 639 (= santike); Dāvs.V,41 (so read for upakaṇṭhe).(Page 138),9,1
  13919. 441058,en,15,upakhandha,upakhandha,Upakhandha,Upakhandha,[upa + khandha] lit.upper (side of the) trunk,back,shoulder J.IV,210 (= khandha C.).(Page 139),10,1
  13920. 441064,en,15,upakinna,upakiṇṇa,Upakiṇṇa,Upakiṇṇa,[pp.of upakirati] strewn over with (-°),covered Vv 35<sup>1</sup> (rucak°,so read for rājak°; expl<sup>d</sup> by okiṇṇa VvA.160).(Page 139),8,1
  13921. 441072,en,15,upakiriya,upakiriyā,Upakiriyā,Upakiriyā,(f.) [fr.upa + <em>kṛ</em>] implement,ornament J.V,408.(Page 139),9,1
  13922. 441076,en,15,upakka,upakka,Upakka,Upakka,see <i>uppakka</i>.(Page 139),6,1
  13923. 441084,en,15,upakkama,upakkama,Upakkama,Upakkama,[fr.upa + <em>kram</em>] (1) lit.(a) going to,nearing,approach (-°) VvA.72.-- (b) attack Vin.II,195; Miln.157; DA.I,69,71.-- (2) applied (a) in general:doing,acting,undertaking,act S.I,152 = Sn.p.126.-- (b) in special:ways,means,i.e.either good of helpful means,expedient,remedy Sn.575; Miln.151,152; or bad or unfair means,treachery,plotting Th.1,143; J.IV,115 (punishment); Miln.135,176.(Page 139),8,1
  13924. 441119,en,15,upakkamana,upakkamana,Upakkamana,Upakkamana,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>kram</em>] going near to,attacking J.IV,12.(Page 139),10,1
  13925. 441146,en,15,upakkamati,upakkamati,Upakkamati,Upakkamati,[upa + kamati of <em>kram</em>] to go on to,i e.(1) to attack M.I,86 = Ud.71.-- (2) to undertake Vin.III,110,111.-- (3) to begin Vin.IV,316; DA.I,318.(Page 139),10,1
  13926. 441180,en,15,upakkanta,upakkanta,Upakkanta,Upakkanta,[pp.of upakkamati] 1.attacked by (-°) Miln.112.-- 2.attacking,intriguing or plotting against (Loc.) DA.I,140.(Page 139),9,1
  13927. 441193,en,15,upakkhalana,upakkhalana,Upakkhalana,Upakkhalana,(nt.) [fr.prec.] stumbling,tripping Vism.500.(Page 139),11,1
  13928. 441202,en,15,upakkhalati,upakkhalati,Upakkhalati,Upakkhalati,[upa + khalati] to stumble,trip D.II,250; M.II,209; A.III,101; J.III,433.(Page 139),11,1
  13929. 441224,en,15,upakkhata,upakkhaṭa,Upakkhaṭa,Upakkhaṭa, &#38; °ta [pp.of upakaroti] done as a favour or service,given,prepared,administered D.I,127 (= sajjita DA.I,294); Pv.II,8<sup>4</sup> (= sajjita PvA.107); J.VI,139; Miln.156.(Page 139),9,1
  13930. 441239,en,15,upakkhittaka,upakkhittaka,Upakkhittaka,Upakkhittaka,at Ps.II,196 see upakk°.(Page 139),12,1
  13931. 441250,en,15,upakkilesa,upakkilesa,Upakkilesa,Upakkilesa,[fr.upa + <em>kliś</em>] anything that spoils or obstructs,a minor stain,impurity,defilement,depravity,Vin.II,295 (cp.SnA 487 &#38; VvA.134 &#38; see abbha); M.I,36,91; D.III,42 sq.,49 sq.,201; S.V,92 sq.(pañca cittassa upakkilesā),108,115; A.I,10 (āgantuka),207 (cittassa),253 (oḷārika etc.); II,53 (candima-suriyānaṁ samaṇa-brāhmaṇānaṁ),67; III,16 (jātarūpassa,cittassa),386 sq.; IV,177 (vigatā); V,195; Ps.I,164 (eighteen); Pug.60; Dhs.1059,1136; Nett 86 sq.,94,114 sq.; Sdhp.216,225 (as upaklesa).Ten stains at Vism.633.(Page 139),10,1
  13932. 441341,en,15,upakkilittha,upakkiliṭṭha,Upakkiliṭṭha,Upakkiliṭṭha,[pp.of upa + <em>klid</em> or <em>kliś</em>,cp.kilesa &#38; next] soiled,stained,depraved,impure S.I,179; A.I,207 (citta); Vism.13.(Page 139),12,1
  13933. 441359,en,15,upakkitaka,upakkitaka,Upakkitaka,Upakkitaka,[fr.upa + <em>krī</em> to buy] a buyer,hawker,dealer comb<sup>d.</sup> with bhataka DhA.I,119 = Ud.23 (C.expl<sup>s.</sup> by “yo kahāpaṇâdīhi kiñci kināti so upakkitako ti vuccati”); Ps.II,196 (? T.upakkhittaka).(Page 139),10,1
  13934. 441376,en,15,upakkosa,upakkosa,Upakkosa,Upakkosa,[fr.upa + <em>kruś</em>] censure,reproach J.VI,489.(Page 139),8,1
  13935. 441395,en,15,upakkosati,upakkosati,Upakkosati,Upakkosati,[upa + kosati] to scold,reprove,blame D.II,161; J.III,436,523; IV,81,317,409.(Page 139),10,1
  13936. 441414,en,15,upakkuttha,upakkuṭṭha,Upakkuṭṭha,Upakkuṭṭha,[pp.of upakkosati] blamed,reproached,censured,faulty D.I,113 (an°); Sn.p.115 (id.); J.III,523; DA.I,211.(Page 139),10,1
  13937. 441436,en,15,upakujati,upakūjati,Upakūjati,Upakūjati,[upa + kūjati] to sing to (of birds) J.IV,296 (kūjantaṁ u.= replies w.song to the singing).-- pp.<i>upakūjita</i> (q.v.).(Page 139),9,1
  13938. 441448,en,15,upakujita,upakūjita,Upakūjita,Upakūjita,(-°) [pp.of upakūjati] resounding,filled with the hum or song of (birds) J.IV,359; PvA.154.(Page 139),9,1
  13939. 441456,en,15,upakula,upakūla,Upakūla,Upakūla,[upa + kūla] embankment,a river’s bank,riverside J.VI,26 (rukkh’ûpakūlaje the trees sprung up at its bank).(Page 139),7,1
  13940. 441468,en,15,upakulita,upakūlita,Upakūlita,Upakūlita,[derivation uncertain] used of the nose in old age Th.2,258 (jarāya <i>paṭisedhikā viya</i> says the commentary.Morris J.P.T.S.1884,74 trsl<sup>s.</sup> obstructed; Mrs.Rh.D.in “Sisters” takes it for upakūḷita and trsl<sup>s.</sup> seared and shrivelled.So also Ed.Müller J R A S.1919.538.This is probably right; but Oldenberg,Pischel and Hardy all read <i>upakūlita</i>.(Page 139),9,1
  13941. 441475,en,15,upakulita,upakūḷita,Upakūḷita,Upakūḷita,[pp.of <em>kūḍ</em>,a variant of <em>kuth</em>,kvathati] singed,boiled,roasted J.I,405 (“half-roasted” = aḍḍhajjhāmaka C.).See also <i>upakūsita</i>.(Page 139),9,1
  13942. 441481,en,15,upakusita,upakūsita,Upakūsita,Upakūsita,at J.II,134 is perhaps faulty for °kūḷita,which is suggested by C.expl<sup>n.</sup> “kukkule jhāmo” and also by v.l.°kuṭhita (for kuṭṭhita boiled,sweltering,hot).The variant (gloss) <i>°kūjita</i> may have the same origin,viz.°kūḷita,was however interpreted (v.l.BB.) by °kupita (meaning “shaken,disturbed by fire”).(Page 139),9,1
  13943. 441491,en,15,upala,upala,Upala,Upala,[Lit.Sk.upala,etym.uncertain] a stone Dāvs III,87.(Page 146),5,1
  13944. 441535,en,15,upalabhati,upalabhati,Upalabhati,Upalabhati,[upa + <em>labh</em>] to receive,get,obtain to find,make out Miln.124 (kāraṇaṁ); usually in Pass.<i>upalabbhati</i> to be found or got,to be known; to exist M.I,138 (an°); S.I,135; IV,384; Sn.858; Pv.II,11<sup>1</sup> (= paccanubhavīyati PvA.146); Kvu 1,2; Miln.25; PvA.87.(Page 146),10,1
  13945. 441549,en,15,upaladdha,upaladdha,Upaladdha,Upaladdha,[pp.of upalabhati] acquired,got,found J.VI,211 (°bāla; v.l.paluddha°); Sdhp.4,386.(Page 146),9,1
  13946. 441568,en,15,upaladdhi,upaladdhi,Upaladdhi,Upaladdhi,(f.) [fr.upa + <em>labh</em>] acquisition; knowledge Miln.268; VvA.279.(Page 146),9,1
  13947. 441598,en,15,upalakkhana,upalakkhaṇā,Upalakkhaṇā,Upalakkhaṇā,(f.) &#38; <i>°aṁ</i> (nt.) [upa + lakkhaṇa] discrimination S.III,261 (an°); Dhs.16,20,292,1057; Pug.25; VvA.240.(Page 146),11,1
  13948. 441636,en,15,upalakkheti,upalakkheti,Upalakkheti,Upalakkheti,[upa + <em>lakṣay</em>] to distinguish,discriminate Vism.172.(Page 146),11,1
  13949. 441686,en,15,upalaleti,upalāḷeti,Upalāḷeti,Upalāḷeti,[Caus.of upa + <em>lal</em><i>;</i> cp.BSk.upalāḍayati Divy 114,503].-- 1.to caress,coax,fondle,win over J.II,267; Vism.300; Sdhp.375.-- 2.to boast of,exult in J.II,151.-- pp.<i>upalāḷita</i> (q.v.).(Page 146),9,1
  13950. 441692,en,15,upalalita,upalāḷita,Upalāḷita,Upalāḷita,[pp.of upalāḷeti] caressed,coaxed Sdhp.301.(Page 146),9,1
  13951. 441703,en,15,upalapana,upalāpana,Upalāpana,Upalāpana,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>lap</em>] talking over or down,persuasion; diplomacy,humbug D.II,76; Miln.115,117.(Page 146),9,1
  13952. 441733,en,15,upalapeti,upalāpeti,Upalāpeti,Upalāpeti,[Caus.of upa + <em>lap</em>] to persuade,coax,prevail upon,talk over,cajole Vin.I,119; III,21; J.II,266; III,265; IV,215; PvA.36,46,276.(Page 146),9,1
  13953. 441737,en,15,upalapeti,upālāpeti,Upālāpeti,Upālāpeti,at PvA.276 read upalāpeti <i>(q</i>.<i> v</i>.<i>)</i>.<i> </i> (Page 150),9,1
  13954. 441753,en,15,upalaseti,upaḷāseti,Upaḷāseti,Upaḷāseti,[upa + Caus.of <em>las</em>] to sound forth,to (make) sound (a bugle) D.II,337 (for uppaḷāseti? q.v.).(Page 146),9,1
  13955. 441764,en,15,upalepa,upalepa,Upalepa,Upalepa,[fr.upa + <em>lip</em>] defilement J.IV,435.(Page 146),7,1
  13956. 441798,en,15,upalikkhati,upalikkhati,Upalikkhati,Upalikkhati,[upa + <em>likh</em>] to scratch,scrape,wound A.III,94 sq.(= vijjhati C.).(Page 146),11,1
  13957. 441815,en,15,upalimpati,upalimpati,Upalimpati,Upalimpati,[upa + <em>lip</em>] to smear,defile D.II,18; Vin.III,312; J.I,178; IV,435; Miln.154.-- Pass.<i>upalippati</i>,pp.<i>upalitta</i> (q.v.).(Page 146),10,1
  13958. 441839,en,15,upalippati,upalippati,Upalippati,Upalippati,[Pass.of upalimpati] to be defiled; to stick to,hang on to Sn.547,812; J.III,66 (= allīyati C.); Miln.250,337.(Page 146),10,1
  13959. 441850,en,15,upalitta,upalitta,Upalitta,Upalitta,[pp.of upalimpati] smeared with (-°),stained,tainted Th.2,467 (cp.ThA.284; T.reads apalitta); Pug.56.Usually neg.<i>an°</i> free from taint,undefiled M.I,319,386; Miln.318; metri causa <i>anûpalitta</i> S.I,141; II,284; Sn.211,392,468,790,845; Dh.353 (cp.DhA.IV,7).(Page 146),8,1
  13960. 441865,en,15,upallavim,upallaviṁ,Upallaviṁ,Upallaviṁ,Sn.1145 see <i>upaplavati</i>.(Page 146),9,1
  13961. 441875,en,15,upalohitaka,upalohitaka,Upalohitaka,Upalohitaka,(adj.[upa + lohita + ka,see upa 5] reddish J.III,21 (= rattavaṇṇa C.).(Page 146),11,1
  13962. 441883,en,15,upama,upama,Upama,Upama,(adj.) [compar.-superl.formation fr.upa,cp.Lat.summus fr.*(s)ub-mo] “coming quite or nearly up to”,i.e.like,similar,equal D.I,239 (andha-veṇ°); M.I,432 (taruṇ° a young looking fellow); A.IV,11 udak° puggala a man like water); Pv.I,1<sup>1</sup> (khett° like a well cultivated field; = sadisa PvA.7); PvA.2,8 etc.-- Note.ūpama metri causa see ū° and cp.opamma &#38; upamā.(Page 145),5,1
  13963. 441892,en,15,upama,upamā,Upamā,Upamā,(f.) [f.of upama in abstract meaning] likeness,simile,parable,example (cp.formula introducing u.S.II,114; M.I,148); Sn.705 (cp.Dh.129,130),1137 (= upanidhā sadisaṁ paṭibhāgo Nd<sup>2</sup> 158); It.114; Vism.341,478,512,582 sq.,591 sq.; PvA.29,112 (dhen°); SnA 329,384; Sdhp.29,44,259.<br><br> <i>--vacana</i> expression of comparison (usually applied to part.evaṁ) SnA 13,472; KhA 185,195,208,212; PvA.25.(Page 145),5,1
  13964. 441919,en,15,upamana,upamāna,Upamāna,Upamāna,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>mā</em>] comparison,the 2<sup>nd</sup> part of the comparison J.V,341; VvA.13.(Page 145),7,1
  13965. 441935,en,15,upamanita,upamānita,Upamānita,Upamānita,[pp.of caus.upa + <em>mā</em>] measured out,likened,like,comparable Th.2,382 (= sadisa ThA.255).(Page 145),9,1
  13966. 442000,en,15,upameti,upameti,Upameti,Upameti,[upa + <em>mā</em>] to measure one thing by another,to compare J.VI,252; Vism.314 (°metvā,read °netvā?).(Page 145),7,1
  13967. 442011,en,15,upameyya,upameyya,Upameyya,Upameyya,(adj.) [grd.of upa + <em>mā</em>] to be compared,that which is to be likened or compared,the 1<sup>st</sup> part of a comparison VvA.13.(Page 145),8,1
  13968. 442079,en,15,upanaccati,upanaccati,Upanaccati,Upanaccati,[upa + naccati] to perform a dance D.II,268.(Page 142),10,1
  13969. 442084,en,15,upanadati,upanadati,Upanadati,Upanadati,[upa + nadati] to resound (with song) Pv III,3<sup>4</sup> (= vikūjati PvA.189).(Page 142),9,1
  13970. 442103,en,15,upanaha,upanāha,Upanāha,Upanāha,[fr.upa + <em>nah</em>,see upanayhati,same in BSk.; e.g.at M Vastu II.56.] ill-will,grudge,enmity M.I,15; A.I,91,95,299; IV,148,349,456; V,39,41 sq.,209,310; Pug.18 = Vbh.357 (pubbakālaṁ kodho aparakālaṁ upanāho Miln.289.(Page 143),7,1
  13971. 442136,en,15,upanahin,upanāhin,Upanāhin,Upanāhin,(adj.-n.) [fr.upanāha] one who bears ill-will,grudging,grumbling,finding fault Vin.II,89; M.I,95; D.III,45; S.II,206; IV,241; A.III,260,334; V,123,156; Sn.116; Th.1,502; J.III,260 (kodhana +); Pug.18; Vbh.357.-- Opp.<i>an°</i> not being angry (Loc.) D.III,47; S.II,207; IV,244; A.V,124 sq.; J.IV,463.(Page 143),8,1
  13972. 442158,en,15,upanamati,upanamati,Upanamati,Upanamati,[upa + namati] to be bent on,strive after J III 324 (= upagacchati C.).-- pp.<i>upanata;</i> Caus.<i>upanāmeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 143),9,1
  13973. 442199,en,15,upanameti,upanāmeti,Upanāmeti,Upanāmeti,[Caus.of upanamati] 1.to bend over to,to place against or close to,to approach,bring near D.II,134; S.I,207; Th.1,1055; Sn.p.48 (= attano kāyaṁ Bhagavato upanāmeti); J.I,62; V,215; SnA 151.-- 2.to offer,to present J.IV,386; II,5; Miln.210,373; PvA.274.-- pp.<i>upanāmita</i> (q.v.).[cp.BSk.upanāmayati to hand over Divy 13,14,22].(Page 143),9,1
  13974. 442221,en,15,upanamita,upanāmita,Upanāmita,Upanāmita,[pp.of upanāmeti] brought up to,placed against D.II,134.(Page 143),9,1
  13975. 442239,en,15,upanandha,upanandha,Upanandha,Upanandha,[pp.of upanayhati,see naddha &#38; nandhati] scorned,grumbled at Vin.II,118.(Page 143),9,1
  13976. 442253,en,15,upanandhati,upanandhati,Upanandhati,Upanandhati,[a secondary der.fr.upanandha,pp.of upanayhati] to bear enmity towards,to grumble at (with Loc.); aor.<i>upanandhi</i> Vin.II,118 (tasmiṁ); IV,83; Mhvs 36,117.(Page 143),11,1
  13977. 442266,en,15,upanata,upanata,Upanata,Upanata,[pp.of upanamati] inclined,bent,prone PvA.190.(Page 142),7,1
  13978. 442286,en,15,upanayana,upanayana,Upanayana,Upanayana,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>ni</em><i>;</i> cp.naya &#38; nayana] tt.for the minor premiss,subsumption (see Kvu trsl.11) Miln.154; Nett 63; DhsA.329 (so read with v.l.for °najana).(Page 143),9,1
  13979. 442318,en,15,upanayhana,upanayhanā,Upanayhanā,Upanayhanā,(f.) &#38; <i>°nayhitatta</i> (nt.) are syn.for <i>upanāha</i> (grudge,ill-will) in exegesis at Pug.18 = 22,whereas id.p.at Vbh.357 reads upanahanā upanahitattaṁ (with v.l.upanayihanā &#38; upanayihitattaṁ).(Page 143),10,1
  13980. 442338,en,15,upanayhati,upanayhati,Upanayhati,Upanayhati,[upa + nayhati] -- 1.to come into touch with It.68 = J.IV,435 (pūtimacchaṁ kusaggena,cp.DhA.I,45).-- 2.to bear enmity towards (Loc.),to grudge,scorn Dh.3,4.-- pp.<i>upanandha</i> (for °naddha).-- See also <i>upanandhati</i>.(Page 143),10,1
  13981. 442358,en,15,upanayika,upanāyika,Upanāyika,Upanāyika,(-°) (adj.) [fr.upa + <em>nī</em>] -- 1.referring to,belonging to in cpd.<i>att°</i> ref.to oneself Vin.III,91; Vism.27.-- 2.beginning,in phrase <i>vass’ûpanāyikā</i> (f.) the approach of the rainy season,period for entering on Lent (cp.BSk.varṣopanāyikā Divy 18,489 &#38; see also upakaṭṭha and vassa) Vin.I,253; A.I,51 (divided into 2 parts,first &#38; second,or purimikā &#38; pacchimikā); J.III,332; DA.I,8; DhA.I,203; III,438; VvA.44; PvA.42.(Page 143),9,1
  13982. 442418,en,15,upaneti,upaneti,Upaneti,Upaneti,[upa + neti] to bring up to,conduce,adduce; to present,give J.I,200; Miln.396; DA.I,276; PvA.39,43,49,53,74.-- Pass.<i>upanīyati</i> (°niyyati) -- 1.to be brought (up to) J.IV,398; ppr.°nīyamāna J.I,200; PvA.5.-- 2.to be brought to conclusion,or to an end (of life) M.II,68; S.I,2.-- 3.to be carried along or away A.I,155.-- pp.<i>upanīta</i> (q.v.).-- ger.upanīya (q.v.).(Page 144),7,1
  13983. 442445,en,15,upanibaddha,upanibaddha,Upanibaddha,Upanibaddha,[pp.of °nibandhāti] -- 1.tied on to Miln.253,254.-- 2.closely connected with,close to Vin.III,308 (Samanta Pāsādikā).-- 3.attached to DA.I,128.(Page 143),11,1
  13984. 442458,en,15,upanibajjhati,upanibajjhati,Upanibajjhati,Upanibajjhati,see <i>upanibandhati</i>.(Page 143),13,1
  13985. 442467,en,15,upanibandha,upanibandha,Upanibandha,Upanibandha,[upa + ni + <em>bandh</em>] 1.close connection,dependence Vism.19 (°gocara).-- 2.(adj.--°) connected with,dependent on Vism.235 (jīvitaṁ assāsa-passāsa° etc).(Page 143),11,1
  13986. 442483,en,15,upanibandhana,upanibandhana,Upanibandhana,Upanibandhana,(adj.nt.) [upa + n°] (adj.) closely connected with D.I,46; DA.I,128; (nt.) tie,fetter,leash Miln.253.(Page 143),13,1
  13987. 442530,en,15,upanibandhati,upanibandhati,Upanibandhati,Upanibandhati,[upa + n°) to tie close to,to bind on to,attach M.III,132; Miln.254,412.-- Pass.<i>upanibajjhati</i> to be attached to Sn.218.-- pp.<i>°nibaddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 143),13,1
  13988. 442542,en,15,upanibbatta,upanibbatta,Upanibbatta,Upanibbatta,[upa + nibbatta] come out,produced DA.I,247.(Page 143),11,1
  13989. 442548,en,15,upanibha,upanibha,Upanibha,Upanibha,(adj.[upa + nibha] somewhat like (-°) M.I,58 = A.III,324 (saṅkha-vaṇṇa°); J.I,207 (= sadisa C.); V,302 (tāla°).(Page 143),8,1
  13990. 442559,en,15,upanidha,upanidhā,Upanidhā,Upanidhā,(f.) [abstracted from upanidhāya or direct formation fr.upa + ni + <em>dhā</em>?] comparison Nd<sup>2</sup> 158 (= upamā; should we read upanidhāya?).(Page 143),8,1
  13991. 442573,en,15,upanidhaya,upanidhāya,Upanidhāya,Upanidhāya,(indecl.) [ger.of upa + nidahati of <em>dhā</em>] comparing in comparison,as prep.w.Acc.“compared with” M.I,374; III,177 (Himavantaṁ pabbatarājānaṁ); S.II,133 (mahāpaṭhaviṁ),262; V,457 (Sineru-pabbata-rājānaṁ); A.III,181 sq.; IV,253 sq.(dibbasukhaṁ); Th.1,496 (kammaṁ); J.II,93; DA.I,29,59,283.(Page 143),10,1
  13992. 442582,en,15,upanidhi,upanidhi,Upanidhi,Upanidhi,(f.) [upa + ni + <em>dhā</em>,cp.nidhi] -- 1.deposit,pledge Vin.III,51.-- 2.comparison,in phrase <i>upanidhiṁ na upeti</i> “does not come into comparison,cannot be compared with” M.III,177; S.II,263; V,457 (so read for upanidhañ); Ud.23.(Page 143),8,1
  13993. 442597,en,15,upanighamsati,upanighaṁsati,Upanighaṁsati,Upanighaṁsati,[upa + ni + ghaṁsati<sup>1</sup>] to rub up against,to crush (close) up to DhA.I,58.(Page 143),13,1
  13994. 442613,en,15,upanijjhana,upanijjhāna,Upanijjhāna,Upanijjhāna,(nt.) [upa + nijjhāna<sup>1</sup>] meditation,reflection,consideration only in two phrases:ārammaṇa° &#38; lakkhaṇa°,with ref.to jhāna J.V,251; DhA.I,230; III,276; VvA.38,213.Cp.<i>nijjhāyana</i>.(Page 143),11,1
  13995. 442633,en,15,upanijjhayana,upanijjhāyana,Upanijjhāyana,Upanijjhāyana,[for °nijjhāna] meditation,reflection Miln.127; Vism.418.(Page 143),13,1
  13996. 442664,en,15,upanijjhayati,upanijjhāyati,Upanijjhāyati,Upanijjhāyati,[upa + nijjhāyati] to meditate upon,consider,look at,reflect on Vin.I,193 (“covet”); II 269; III,118; D.I,20; A.IV,55; Miln.124; Vism.418.-- pp.<i>upanijjhāyita</i> (q.v.).(Page 143),13,1
  13997. 442681,en,15,upanijjhayita,upanijjhāyita,Upanijjhāyita,Upanijjhāyita,[pp.of °nijjhāyati] considered,looked at,thought over or about Sn.p.147 (= diṭṭha,ālokita SnA 508).(Page 143),13,1
  13998. 442702,en,15,upanikkhamati,upanikkhamati,Upanikkhamati,Upanikkhamati,[upa + nikkhamati] to go out,to come out (up to somebody) Th.2,37; 169; J III 244; Pv.I,10<sup>1</sup> (aor.°nikkhami; imper.°nikkhamassu).(Page 143),13,1
  13999. 442713,en,15,upanikkhepa,upanikkhepa,Upanikkhepa,Upanikkhepa,[fr.upa + nis + <em>kṣip</em>] “putting near”,depositing; -- 1.appl<sup>d.</sup> to the course of memory,association of ideas Miln.78,80; cp.°nikkhepana S.II,276.-- 2.deposit,pledge J.VI,192,193 (= upajūta).(Page 143),11,1
  14000. 442729,en,15,upanikkhipana,upanikkhipana,Upanikkhipana,Upanikkhipana,(nt.) [fr.°nikkhipati] putting down (near somebody),putting in the way,trap Vin.III,77.(Page 143),13,1
  14001. 442742,en,15,upanikkhipati,upanikkhipati,Upanikkhipati,Upanikkhipati,(upa + n°] to deposit near,to lay up Vin.I,312; S.II,136 sq.; Miln.78,80; Nett 21,22; DA.I,125.-- pp.<i>upanikkhitta</i> (q.v.).(Page 143),13,1
  14002. 442762,en,15,upanikkhitta,upanikkhitta,Upanikkhitta,Upanikkhitta,[upa + n°] laid down (secretly),placed by or on top S.V,457; J.VI,390; Miln.80.-- m.a spy J.VI,394 (°purisa).(Page 143),12,1
  14003. 442772,en,15,upanikkhittaka,upanikkhittaka,Upanikkhittaka,Upanikkhittaka,[= prec.] a spy J VI 409 (°manussa),431 (id.),450 (id.).(Page 143),14,1
  14004. 442786,en,15,upanila,upanīla,Upanīla,Upanīla,(adj.) [upa + nīla] somewhat dark-blue J.V,168.(Page 144),7,1
  14005. 442802,en,15,upanipajjati,upanipajjati,Upanipajjati,Upanipajjati,[upa + ni + <em>pad</em>] to lie down close to or on top of (Acc.) Vism.269; J.V,231.(Page 143),12,1
  14006. 442825,en,15,upanisa,upanisā,Upanisā,Upanisā,(f.) [if = Vedic upaniṣad,it would be fr.upa + ni + <i>sad</i>,but if,<i>as</i> is more likely,a contracted form of upanissaya,it would be fr.upa + ni + <em>śri</em>.The history of this word has yet to be written,cp.Kern,Toev.s.v. &#38; Divy 530 svopaniṣad] -- 1.cause,means D.II,217,259; M.III,71 (samādhiṁ sa-upanisaṁ); S.II,30--32 (S A.= kāraṇa,paccaya); V,25; A.I,198; III,20,200 sq.,360; IV,99,336,351; V,4 sq.,313 sq.; Sn.322 (= upanissaya SnA 331); p.140 (= kāraṇa,payojana SnA 503); Dh.75 (cp.DhA.II,102 aññā nibbānagāminī paṭipadā).‹-› 2.likeness,counterfeit [= Sk.upaniṣad = aupamye Pāṇini I.4,79] J.VI,470 (= paṭirūpaka C.).(Page 143),7,1
  14007. 442840,en,15,upanisevana,upanisevana,Upanisevana,Upanisevana,(adj.) [fr.upanisevati] going close after,following J.V,399 [f.°ī.).(Page 144),11,1
  14008. 442848,en,15,upanisevati,upanisevati,Upanisevati,Upanisevati,[upa + n°] to pursue,follow,go up after,cling to (acc) M.I,306.-- pp.<i>upanisevita</i> (q.v.).(Page 144),11,1
  14009. 442856,en,15,upanisevita,upanisevita,Upanisevita,Upanisevita,[pp.of upanisevati] gone on to,furnished with,sticking or clinging to,full of J.V,302 (kakka°).(Page 144),11,1
  14010. 442872,en,15,upanisidati,upanisīdati,Upanisīdati,Upanisīdati,[upa + nisīdati of <em>sad</em>] to sit close to or down by D.I,95; A.IV,10; J.II,347; Pv IV.1<sup>63</sup> (ger.°sajja = °sīditvā PvA.242); Vism.269.(Page 144),11,1
  14011. 442926,en,15,upanissaya,upanissaya,Upanissaya,Upanissaya,[upa + ni°] basis,reliance,support,foundation,assurance,certainty; esp.sufficing condition or qualification for Arahantship (see long article in Childers s.v.); no 9 in the 24 paccayas,Tikapatthāṇa,Tikapaṭṭhāna I.1,a term only found in the Paṭṭhāna,the Jātaka &#38; later exegetical literature J.I,78,508; IV,96; VI,70; Nett 80; Vism.19 (°gocara),535 (°paccaya); DhsA.315 (id.); DhA.II,33; VvA.98; PvA.38 (sotāpatti-phalassa),55 (°sampatti); Sdhp.265,320.(Page 144),10,1
  14012. 442936,en,15,upanissaya,upanissāya,Upanissāya,Upanissāya,(adv.) [ger.of upanissayati,cp.nissayati in same use &#38; meaning) near,close by (with Acc.); depending on,by means of (acc) M.II,3; S.II,269; Sn.867 (taṁ),901 (tāpa°),978,PvA.9 (Rājagahaṁ),67 (id.); VvA.63 (Rājagaha-seṭṭhiṁ “with”).Cp.BSk.upaniśritya also a ger.formation,in same meaning,e.g.at Divy 54,207,505.(Page 144),10,1
  14013. 443022,en,15,upanissayati,upanissayati,Upanissayati,Upanissayati,[upa + ni°] to depend or rely on (Acc.) Miln.240 (attānaṁ).-- ger.<i>°nissāya</i> (q.v.); -- pp.°nissita (q.v.).(Page 144),12,1
  14014. 443052,en,15,upanissita,upanissita,Upanissita,Upanissita,[upa + ni°] dependent or relying on Sn.877; Nd<sup>1</sup> 283,Miln.245.(Page 144),10,1
  14015. 443066,en,15,upanita,upanīta,Upanīta,Upanīta,[pp.of upaneti] 1.brought up to or into (mostly --°) Th.2,498; Sn.677 (niraye),774 (dukkha°),898 (bhava°); J.III,45 (thūṇa°); IV,271 (dukkh°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 38; Dh.237 (°yaya = atikkantavayo DhA.III,337,advanced in age); Pv IV.1<sup>10</sup> (dukkha° made to suffer).<i>an°</i> Sn.846.-- 2.offered,presented J.I,88; PvA.274,286.‹-› 3.brought to conclusion,brought to an end (of life) J.V,375 (= maraṇa-santikaṁ u.C.).-- 4.bringing up (for trial),charging M.I,251 (vacanapatha,cp.upanīya).(Page 144),7,1
  14016. 443106,en,15,upanivattati,upanivattati,Upanivattati,Upanivattati,[upa + n°] to return Sn.712; J.IV,417; V,126.(Page 143),12,1
  14017. 443117,en,15,upaniya,upanīya,Upanīya,Upanīya,(°īyya,°eyya) [ger.of upaneti] “bringing up” (for trial),charging,accusing D.I,107 (vadati,cp.DA.I,276); A.I,172 (°vācā); cp.upanīta 3.(Page 144),7,1
  14018. 443176,en,15,upannata,upaññāta,Upaññāta,Upaññāta,[pp.of upajānāti] found out,learnt,known Vin.I,40; J.V,325,368; A.I,61.(Page 141),8,1
  14019. 443196,en,15,upanti,upanti,Upanti,Upanti,(adv.) [upa + anti] near,before,in presence of J.IV,337.(Page 144),6,1
  14020. 443204,en,15,upantika,upantika,Upantika,Upantika,(adj.) [upa + antika] nt.Acc.°ṁ near J.IV,337; V,58 (with Gen.); VI,418 (so read for °ā); Loc.°e near or quite near Pv.II,9<sup>15</sup> (= samīpe gehassa PvA.120).(Page 144),8,1
  14021. 443213,en,15,upapacciyati,upapacciyati,Upapacciyati,Upapacciyati,see <i>uppaccati</i>.(Page 144),12,1
  14022. 443232,en,15,upapadeti,upapādeti,Upapādeti,Upapādeti,[Caus.of upapajjati] to execute,perform J.V,346.(Page 144),9,1
  14023. 443235,en,15,upapadita,upapādita,Upapādita,Upapādita,[pp.of upapādeti,Caus.of upapajjati] accomplished J.II,236.(Page 144),9,1
  14024. 443279,en,15,upapajjati,upapajjati,Upapajjati,Upapajjati,[doubtful whether a legitimate form as upa + <i>pad</i> or a diaeretic form of uppajjati = ud + <i>pad</i>.In this case all passages ought to go under the latter.Trenckner however (Notes 77) defends upa° &#38; considers in many cases upp° a substitution for upa.The diaeresis may be due to metre,as nearly all forms are found in poetry.The v.l.upp° is apparently frequent; but it is almost impossible to distinguish between upap° and upp° in the Sinhalese writing,and either the scribe or the reader may mistake one for the other] to get to,be reborn in (Acc.); to originate,rise Vin.III,20 (nirayaṁ); A.III,415; V,292 sq.; Sn.584; It.13 (nirayaṁ),14 (sugatiṁ; v.l.upp°),67 (saggaṁ lokaṁ; v.l.upp°); 43 = Dh.307 (nirayaṁ); Dh.126,140; Pv.I,10<sup>7</sup> (v.l.BB.udapajjatha = uppajja PvA.50); Pug.16,51,60; Nett 37,99,cp.Kvu 611 sq.‹-› pp.<i>upapannā</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>upapādeti</i> &#38; pp.<i>upapādita</i> (q.v.).(Page 144),10,1
  14025. 443331,en,15,upapanna,upapanna,Upapanna,Upapanna,[pp.of upapajjati] -- 1.(-°) possessed of,having attained,being furnished with Sn.68 (thāma-bala),212,322,1077 (ñāṇa°,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 266<sup>b</sup> and uppanna-ñāṇa).‹-› 2.reborn,come to existence in (with Acc.) S.I,35 (Avihaṁ,expl<sup>d.</sup> by C.not quite to the point as “nipphattivasena upagata”,i.e.gone to A,on account of their perfection.Should we read uppanna?) A.V,68.(Page 144),8,1
  14026. 443351,en,15,upaparami,upapāramī,Upapāramī,Upapāramī,(f.) [upa + pāramī,cp.upa 5] minor perfection Bu I.77 (opp.paramattha-pāramī); DhA.I,84.(Page 144),9,1
  14027. 443360,en,15,upaparikkha,upaparikkhā,Upaparikkhā,Upaparikkhā,(f.) [fr.upaparikkhati,cp.BSk.upaparīkṣā Divy 3 etc.] investigation,examination Vin.III,314; M.II,175 (attha°); A.III,381 sq.; IV,221; V,126; Dhs.16,20,292; Pug.25; Nett 8,42; DA.I,171.(Page 144),11,1
  14028. 443374,en,15,upaparikkhana,upaparikkhaṇa,Upaparikkhaṇa,Upaparikkhaṇa,(nt.) = upaparikkhā VvA.232.(Page 144),13,1
  14029. 443398,en,15,upaparikkhati,upaparikkhati,Upaparikkhati,Upaparikkhati,[upa + pari + <em>īkṣ</em><i>;</i> cp.BSk.upaparīkṣate Divy 5,230] to investigate,ascertain,test,examine M.I,133,292,443; S.II,216; III,42,140; IV,174; J.I,489; II,400; V,235; Miln.91,293; Dāvs.V,27; Sdhp.539; PvA.60 (paññāya u.= ñatvā),140 (= viceyya).(Page 144),13,1
  14030. 443414,en,15,upaparikkhin,upaparikkhin,Upaparikkhin,Upaparikkhin,(adj.) [fr.upaparikkhati] investigating,reflecting,testing S.III,61; A.IV,221 sq.,296,328.Cp.BSk.upaparīkṣaka Divy 212.(Page 144),12,1
  14031. 443432,en,15,upapata,upapāta,Upapāta,Upapāta,= upapatti [but der.fr.<em>pat</em> (cp.uppāda<sup>1</sup> = ud + <em>pat</em> but uppāda<sup>2</sup> = ud + <em>pad</em>) with the meaning of the casual &#38; unusual] rebirth Vin.III,4; S.IV,59 (cut°); Pug.50.(Page 144),7,1
  14032. 443444,en,15,upapatika,upapātika,Upapātika,Upapātika,(adj.) [fr.upapāta but evidently mixed with uppāda<sup>1</sup> and uppāda<sup>2</sup>,cp.upapajjati,upapatti &#38; BSk.upapāduka Av.S.II,94,95; Divy 523] = opapātika i.e.rebirth without parents,as a deva DA.on D.III,107; ThA.207.(Page 144),9,1
  14033. 443464,en,15,upapatti,upapatti,Upapatti,Upapatti,[fr.upa + <em>pad</em>,cp.uppatti] -- 1.birth,rebirth,(lit.attainment) M.I,82; S.III,53; IV,398; A.V,289 sq.; Sn.139,643,836; Dh.419 (sattānaṁ); in var.specifications as:deva° rebirth among gods PvA.6,81; devaloka° A.I,115; kāma° existence in the sensuous universe D.III,218; It.94; arūpa° in the formless spheres Vbh.172,267,296; rūpa°,in the world of form Vbh.171 sq.,263 sq.; 299; niraya° in Purgatory PvA.53.‹-› 2.occasion,opportunity (lit.“coming to”); object for,in dāna° objects suitable for gifts A.IV,239 (where 8 enum<sup>d.</sup>,see dāna).<br><br> <i>--deva</i> a god by birth (or rebirth) VvA.18; also given as uppatti-deva,e.g.at KhA 123.See detail under <i>deva</i>.(Page 144),8,1
  14034. 443484,en,15,upapattika,upapattika,Upapattika,Upapattika,(-°) (adj.) [fr.upapatti] belonging to a birth or rebirth; in peta° born as a Peta PvA.119.-- Cp.<i>upapātika</i>.(Page 144),10,1
  14035. 443524,en,15,upapila,upapīla,Upapīla,Upapīla,at D.I,135 read uppīḷa (q.v.).(Page 144),7,1
  14036. 443559,en,15,upapisana,upapisana,Upapisana,Upapisana,[upa + <em>piṣ</em>] grinding,powder,in <i>añjan°</i> powdered ointment (for the eyes) Vin.I,203; II,112.(Page 144),9,1
  14037. 443564,en,15,upaplavati,upaplavati,Upaplavati,Upaplavati,[upa + plavati,cp.uppilavati] to swim or float to (Acc.),in uncertain reading as aor.<i>upaplaviṁ</i> at Sn.1145 (dīpā dīpaṁ upaplaviṁ floatcd from land to land; vv.ll.at SnA 606 uppalaviṁ &#38; upallaviṁ; all MSS.of Nd<sup>2</sup> p.54 &#38; no.160 write upallaviṁ).Perhaps we should better read <i>uppalaviṁ</i> (or upallaviṁ) as diaeretic form for *upplaviṁ,aor.of <i>uppilavati</i> (or uplavati),q.v.Expl<sup>d.</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 160 by samupallaviṁ.(Page 145),10,1
  14038. 443570,en,15,upapphusati,upapphusati,Upapphusati,Upapphusati,[upa + phusati,of <em>spṛś</em>] to touch; aor.upapphusi J.V,417,420.(Page 145),11,1
  14039. 443579,en,15,upapurohita,upapurohita,Upapurohita,Upapurohita,[upa + purohita,see upa 5] a minor or assistant priest J.IV,304.(Page 144),11,1
  14040. 443582,en,15,uparacita,uparacita,Uparacita,Uparacita,[pp.of upa + <em>rac</em>] formed ThA.211; Sdhp.616.(Page 145),9,1
  14041. 443590,en,15,uparaddha,upāraddha,Upāraddha,Upāraddha,[pp.of upārambhati] blamed,reprimanded,reproved A V 230.(Page 150),9,1
  14042. 443601,en,15,uparaja,uparājā,Uparājā,Uparājā,[upa + rājā; see upa 5] a secondary or deputy king,a viceroy J.I,504; II,316; DhA.I,392.(Page 145),7,1
  14043. 443616,en,15,uparajja,uparajja,Uparajja,Uparajja,(nt.) [upa + rajja,cp.uparaja] viceroyalty A.III,154 (v.l.opa°); J.I,511; IV,176; DA.I,134.(Page 145),8,1
  14044. 443626,en,15,uparama,uparamā,Uparamā,Uparamā,(f.) [cp.lit.Sk.uparama,to uparamati] cessation Miln.41,44 (an°).(Page 145),7,1
  14045. 443648,en,15,uparamati,uparamati,Uparamati,Uparamati,[upa + <em>ram</em>] to cease,desist,to be quiet J.III,489; V,391 (v.l.for upāramati,also in C.); Miln.152.(Page 145),9,1
  14046. 443656,en,15,uparamati,upāramati,Upāramati,Upāramati,[upa + ā + <em>ram</em>] to cease,to desist J.V,391,498.(Page 150),9,1
  14047. 443668,en,15,uparambha,upārambha,Upārambha,Upārambha,[Sk.upārambha,upa + ālambhatc] -- 1.reproof,reproach,censure M.I,134,432; S.III,73; V,73; A.I,199; II,181; III,175; IV,25; Vbh.372.-- 2.(adj.) indisposed,hostile Th.1,360 sq.; DA.I,21,263.(Page 150),9,1
  14048. 443698,en,15,uparambhati,upārambhati,Upārambhati,Upārambhati,[Sk.upālambhate,upa + ā + <em>labh</em>] to blame,reprimand,reproach M.I,432,433.-- pp.<i>upāraddha</i> (q.v.).(Page 150),11,1
  14049. 443718,en,15,uparata,uparata,Uparata,Uparata,[pp.of uparamati] having ceased,desisting from (-°),restraining oneself (cp.orata) Vin.I,245 (ratt-ûparata abstaining from food at night = ratti-bhojanato uparata DA.I,77); D.I,5 (id.); M.I,319 (bhaya°); Sn.914 (= virata etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 337); Miln.96,307; DhsA.403 (vihiṁs°).(Page 145),7,1
  14050. 443732,en,15,uparati,uparati,Uparati,Uparati,(f.) [fr.upa + <em>ram</em>] ceasing,resting; cessation M.I,10; S.IV,104; Miln.274.(Page 145),7,1
  14051. 443743,en,15,uparava,uparava,Uparava,Uparava,[fr.upa + <em>ru</em>] noise J.II,2.(Page 145),7,1
  14052. 443763,en,15,upari,upari,Upari,Upari,(indecl.) [Vedic upari,der.fr.upa,Idg.*uper(i); Gr.uper,Lat.s-uper; Goth.ufar,Ohg.ubir = Ger.über E.over; Oir.for] over,above (prep. &#38; prefix) 1.(adv.) on top,above (opp.adho below) Vin.IV,46 (opp.heṭṭhā); J.VI,432; KhA 248 (= uddhaṁ; opp.adho); SnA 392 (abtimukho u.gacchati explaining paccuggacchati of Sn.442); PvA.11 (heṭṭhā manussa-saṇṭhānaṁ upari sūkara-s°),47 (upari chattaṁ dhāriyamāna),145 (sabbattha upari upon everything).-- 2.(prep.w.gen) with ref.either to space = on top of,on,upon,as in kassa upari sāpo patissati on whom shall the curse fall? DhA I 41; attano u.patati falls upon himself PvA.45; etissā upari kodho anger on her,i.e.against her VvA.68; or to time = on top of,after,later,as in catunnaṁ māsānaṁ upari after 4 months PvA.52 (= uddhaṁ catūhi māsehi of Pv.I,10<sup>12</sup>); sattannaṁ vassa-satānaṁ upari after 700 years PvA.144.‹-› 3.(adv.in comp<sup>n.</sup>,meaning “upper,higher,on the upper or top side”,or “on top of”,if the phrase is in Loc.case.See below.<br><br> <i>--cara</i> walking in the air,suspended,flying J.III,454.<i>--pāsāda</i> the upper story of a palace,Loc.on the terrace D.I,112 (Loc.); PvA.105,279.<i>--piṭṭhi</i> top side,platform Vin II 207 (loc).<i>--bhaddaka</i> N.of a tree [either Sk.bhadraka Pinus Deodara,or bhadra Nauclea Cadamba,after Kern,Toev.s.v.] J.VI,269.<i>--bhāga</i> the upper part; used in Instr.,loc or aor.in sense of “above,over,beyond” J.IV,232 (Instr.).<i>--bhāva</i> higher state or condition M.I,45 (opp.adh°).<i>--mukha</i> face upwards DA.I,228; Pug.A 214.<i>--vasana</i> upper garment PvA.49.<i>--vāta</i> higher than the wind,Loc.on the wind J.II,11; or in °passe (Loc.) on the upper (wind-) side DhA.II,17.<i>--visāla</i> extended on top,i.e.of great width,very wide J.III,207.<i>--vehāsa</i> high in the air (°-),in °kuṭī a lofty or open air chamber,or a room in the upper story of the Vihāra Vin.IV,46 (what the C.means by expl<sup>n.</sup> majjhimassa purisassa asīsa-ghaṭṭā “not knocking against the head of a middle-(sized) man” is not quite clear).<i>--sacca</i> higher truth PvA.66 (so read for upari sacca).(Page 145),5,1
  14053. 443928,en,15,uparima,uparima,Uparima,Uparima,(adj.) [upari + ma,superl.formation] uppermost,above,overhead D.III,189 (disā); Nett 88.Cp.upariṭṭhima.(Page 146),7,1
  14054. 444144,en,15,uparittha,upariṭṭha,Upariṭṭha,Upariṭṭha,(adj.) [superl.formation fr.upari in analogy to seṭṭha] highest,topmost,most excellent Th.1,910.Cp.next.(Page 146),9,1
  14055. 444153,en,15,uparitthima,upariṭṭhima,Upariṭṭhima,Upariṭṭhima,(adj) [double-superl.formation after analogy of seṭṭha,pacchima &#38; heṭṭhima:heṭṭhā] = upariṭṭha &#38; uparima Dhs.1016,1300,1401; Pug.16,17 (sañyojanāni = uddhaṁbhāgiya-sañyojanāni Pug.A 198).(Page 146),11,1
  14056. 444197,en,15,upariya,upariya,Upariya,Upariya,(adv.) [fr.upari] above,on top,in compd.<i>heṭṭh°</i> below and above Vism.1.(Page 146),7,1
  14057. 444203,en,15,uparocati,uparocati,Uparocati,Uparocati,[upa + <em>ruc</em>] to please (intrs.) J vI.64.(Page 146),9,1
  14058. 444209,en,15,uparodati,uparodati,Uparodati,Uparodati,[upa + <em>rud</em>] 1.to lament J.VI,551 (fut °rucchati) -- 2.to sing in a whining tone J.V,304.(Page 146),9,1
  14059. 444215,en,15,uparodha,uparodha,Uparodha,Uparodha,[fr.upa + <em>rudh</em>] obstacle; breaking up,destruction,end J.III,210,252; Pv IV.1<sup>5</sup>; Miln.245,313.(Page 146),8,1
  14060. 444223,en,15,uparodhana,uparodhana,Uparodhana,Uparodhana,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>rudh</em>] breaking up,destruction Sn.732,761.(Page 146),10,1
  14061. 444232,en,15,uparodheti,uparodheti,Uparodheti,Uparodheti,[Caus of uparundhati] to cause to break up; to hinder,stop; destroy Vin.III,73.(Page 146),10,1
  14062. 444242,en,15,uparopa,uparopa,Uparopa,Uparopa,[upa + ropa,cp.upa 5] “little plant”,sapling Vin.II,154.See also next.(Page 146),7,1
  14063. 444247,en,15,uparopaka,uparopaka,Uparopaka,Uparopaka,= uparopa,sapling J.II,345; IV,359.(Page 146),9,1
  14064. 444257,en,15,uparuddha,uparuddha,Uparuddha,Uparuddha,[pp.of uparujjhati] stopped,ceased Miln.151 (°jīvita).(Page 146),9,1
  14065. 444274,en,15,uparujjhati,uparujjhati,Uparujjhati,Uparujjhati,[Sk.uparudhyate,Pass.of uparundhati] to be stopped,broken,annihilated,destroyed D.I,223; Th.1,145; It.106; Sn.724,1036,1110; Nd<sup>2</sup> 159 (= nirujjhati vūpasammati atthaṅgacchati); Miln.151; Sdhp.280.‹-› pp.<i>uparuddha</i>.(Page 146),11,1
  14066. 444286,en,15,uparulha,uparūḷha,Uparūḷha,Uparūḷha,[upa + rūḷha,pp.of <em>ruh</em>] grown again,recovered J.IV,408 (cakkhu).(Page 146),8,1
  14067. 444303,en,15,uparundhati,uparundhati,Uparundhati,Uparundhati,[upa + <em>rudh</em>] to break up,hinder,stop,keep in check M.I,243; J.I,358; Th.1,143,1117; Sn.118,916 (pot.uparundhe,but uparuddhe Nd<sup>1</sup> 346 = uparuddheyya etc.); Miln.151,245,313.-- ger.<i>uparundhiya</i> Th.1,525; Sn.751; aor.<i>uparundhi</i> J.IV,133; PvA.271.-- Pass.<i>uparujjhati</i> (q.v.).(Page 146),11,1
  14068. 444399,en,15,upasagga,upasagga,Upasagga,Upasagga,[Sk upasarga,of upa + <em>sṛj</em>] -- 1.attack,trouble,danger Vin.I,33; A.I,101; Th.2,353; Dh.139 (where spelt upassaga,cp.DhA.III,70); Miln.418.-- 2.(tt.g.) prefix,preposition J.II,67 (saṁ),126 (apa); III,121 (ni,pa); DA.I,245 (adhi); KhA 101 (sa° and an°); PvA.88 (atthe nipāto a particle put in metri causa,expl<sup>n.</sup> of handa); DhsA.163,405.(Page 147),8,1
  14069. 444443,en,15,upasaka,upāsaka,Upāsaka,Upāsaka,[fr.upa +<em> ās</em>,cp.upāsati] a devout or faithful layman,a lay devotee Vin.I,4,16 (tevāciko u.),37,139,195 sq.; II,125; III,6,92; IV,14,109; D.I,85; II,105,113; III,134,148,153,168,172 sq.,264; M.I,29,467,490; S.V,395,410; A.I,56 sq.; II,132 (°parisā); III 206 (°caṇḍāla,°ratana); IV,220 sq.(kittāvatā hoti); Sn.376,384; J.I,83; Pv I 10<sup>4</sup>; Vbh.248 (°sikkhā); DA.I,234; PvA.36,38,54,61,207.-- f.upāsikā Vin.I,18,141,216; III,39; IV,21,79; D.III,124,148,172,264; M.I,29,467,491; S.II,235 sq.; A.I,88; II,132; V,287 sq.; Miln.383; PvA.151,160.(Page 150),7,1
  14070. 444500,en,15,upasakatta,upāsakatta,Upāsakatta,Upāsakatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.upāsaka] state of being a believing layman or a lay follower of the Buddha Vin.I,37; S.IV,301; Vv 84<sup>21</sup>.(Page 150),10,1
  14071. 444540,en,15,upasama,upasama,Upasama,Upasama,[Sk.upaśama,upa + <em>śam</em>] calm,quiet,appeasement,allaying,assuagement,tranquillizing Vin I 10 = S.IV,331 = V.421 (in freq.phrase upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati; see nibbāna III,7); D.I,50; III,130 sq.,136 sq.,229 (as one of the 4 objects of adhiṭṭhāna,viz.paññā° sacca° cāga° upasama°); M.I,67; III,246; S.I,30,34 (sīlena),46 citta-v-ûpasama),48,55; II,223,277; III,86 (saṅkhārānaṁ ...v-ūpasamo) D.II,157; S.I,158 (see vūpasama and saṅkhāra); (ariyaṁ maggaṁ dukkh°-gāminaṁ); IV,62,331; V,65 (avūpasama),179,234 (°gāmin),378 sq.; A.I,3 (avūpasama),30,42; II,14 (vitakk°); III,325 sq.; V,216,238 sq.; Sn.257,724,735,737; It.18 (dukkh°) 83; Dh.205; Nd<sup>1</sup> 351; J.I,97; Ps.I,95; Miln.170,248; Vism.197 (°ânussati); Sdhp.587.Cp.vi° (vū°).(Page 147),7,1
  14072. 444589,en,15,upasamana,upasamāna,Upasamāna,Upasamāna,(nt.) = upasama Th.1,421; Sdhp.335 (dukkh°).(Page 147),9,1
  14073. 444642,en,15,upasamati,upasamati,Upasamati,Upasamati,[upa + <em>śam</em> in trs.meaning for usual sammati in intrs.meaning] to appease,calm,allay,assuage Sn.919; Th.1,50 (pot.upasame = upasameyya nibbāpeyya Nd<sup>1</sup> 352).-- pp.<i>upasanta</i> q.v.).(Page 147),9,1
  14074. 444668,en,15,upasamhara,upasaṁhāra,Upasaṁhāra,Upasaṁhāra,[fr.upa + saṁ + <em>hṛ</em>] taking hold of,taking up,possession,in <i>devat°</i> being seized or possessed by a god Miln.298.(Page 147),10,1
  14075. 444681,en,15,upasamharana,upasaṁharaṇa,Upasaṁharaṇa,Upasaṁharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.upasaṁharati] drawing together,bringing up to,comparison Vism.232 sq.; J.V,186.(Page 147),12,1
  14076. 444708,en,15,upasamharati,upasaṁharati,Upasaṁharati,Upasaṁharati,[upa + saṁ + <em>hṛ</em>] -- 1.to collect,bring together,heap up,gather Miln.132.-- 2.to dispose,arrange,concentrate,collect,focus Vin.IV,220 (kāyaṁ); M.I,436 (cittaṁ),468 (cittaṁ tathattāya); S.V,213 sq.(id.); DhsA.309 (cakkhuṁ).-- 3.to take hold of,take care of,provide,serve,look after Miln.232.(Page 147),12,1
  14077. 444754,en,15,upasamhita,upasaṁhita,Upasaṁhita,Upasaṁhita,(adj.) [pp.of upa + saṁ + <em>dhā</em>] accompanied by,furnished or connected with (-°) D.I,152; M.I,37,119 (chand°); S.II,220 (kusal°); IV,60 (kām°),79 (id.); Sn.341 (rāg°),1132 (giraṁ vaṇṇ° = vaṇṇena upetaṁ Nd<sup>2</sup>); Th.1,970; J.I,6; II,134,172; V,361.(Page 147),10,1
  14078. 444776,en,15,upasammati,upasammati,Upasammati,Upasammati,[Sk.upasamyati,upa + <em>śam</em> in intrs.function] to grow calm,to cease,to be settled or composed,to be appeased S.I,62,221; Dh.100 sq.(Page 148),10,1
  14079. 444791,en,15,upasampada,upasampadā,Upasampadā,Upasampadā,(f.) [fr.upa + saṁ + <em>pad</em>] -- 1.taking,acquiring; obtaining,taking upon oneself,undertaking D.II,49; M.I,93; A.III,65; Dh.183 (cp.DhA.III,236); Nett 44 (kusalassa).-- 2.(in special sense) taking up the bhikkhuship,higher ordination,admission to the privileges of recognized bhikkhus [cp.BSk.upasampad &#38; °padā Divy 21,281 etc.] Vin.I,12,20,95,146 and passim; III,15; IV,52; D.I,176,177,202; S.I,161; A.IV,276 sq. &#38; passim; DhA.II,61 (pabbajjā +); PvA.54 (laddh° one who has received ordination),179 (id.).(Page 147),10,1
  14080. 444902,en,15,upasampadeti,upasampādeti,Upasampādeti,Upasampādeti,[denom.fr.upasampadā] 1.to attain to,obtain,produce DhsA.167 (= nipphādeti).-- 2.to admit to bhikkhuship,to ordain Vin.IV,130,226,317 (= vutṭhāpeti); grd.<i>°etabba</i> Vin.I,64 sq.; IV,48; A.V,72.(Page 148),12,1
  14081. 444938,en,15,upasampajjati,upasampajjati,Upasampajjati,Upasampajjati,[upa + sampajjati] to attain,enter on,acquire,take upon oneself usually in ger.<i>upasampajja</i> M.I,89; S.III,8; A.IV,13; V,69; Dhs.160 (see DhsA.167); DA.I,313; SnA 158.-- pp.<i>upasampanna</i> (q.v.).(Page 147),13,1
  14082. 444960,en,15,upasampanna,upasampanna,Upasampanna,Upasampanna,[pp.of upasampajjati] obtained,got,received; in special sense of having attained the recognition of bhikkhuship,ordained [cp.BSk.upasampanna Divy 281] S.I,161; A.V,70; Vin.III,24; IV,52,130; Miln.13.(Page 147),11,1
  14083. 444988,en,15,upasamphassati,upasamphassati,Upasamphassati,Upasamphassati,[upa + sam + <em>spṛś</em>] to embrace J.V,297.(Page 148),14,1
  14084. 445000,en,15,upasamvasati,upasaṁvasati,Upasaṁvasati,Upasaṁvasati,[upa + saṁ + <em>vas</em>] to live with somebody,to associate with (Acc.) J.I,152.(Page 147),12,1
  14085. 445018,en,15,upasana,upāsana,Upāsana,Upāsana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.upāsati] -- 1.archery J.VI,448; usually in phrase katûpāsana skilled in archery M.I,82; S.II,266; A.II,48; J.IV,211; Mhvs 24,1.-- Miln.232 (°ṁ sikkhitvā).-- 2.practice Miln.419.-- 3.in °sālā gymnasium,training ground Miln.352.(Page 150),7,1
  14086. 445019,en,15,upasana,upāsana,Upāsana,Upāsana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.upāsati] attendance,service,honour S.I,46 (samaṇ°); Th.1,239; Miln.115.Cp.payir°.(Page 150),7,1
  14087. 445057,en,15,upasankamana,upasaṅkamana,Upasaṅkamana,Upasaṅkamana,(nt.) [fr.upasaṅkamati] going near,approach M.II,176; S.V,67 = It.107; PvA.232.(Page 147),12,1
  14088. 445089,en,15,upasankamati,upasaṅkamati,Upasaṅkamati,Upasaṅkamati,[upa + saṁ + <em>kram</em>,cp.BSk.upasaṅkramati Av.S.I.209] -- 1.to go up to (with Acc.),to approach,come near; freq.in stock phrase “yena (Pokkharasādissa parivesanā) ten’upasaṅkami,upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi’’,e.g.Vin.I,270; D.I,109; II,1,and passim.-- aor.°saṅkami Pv.II.2<sup>10</sup>; SnA 130,140; KhA 116; PvA.88; ger.°saṅkamitvā SnA 140; PvA.6,12,19,20,88; °saṅkamma Sn.166,418,460,980,986; inf.°saṅkamituṁ PvA.79.--.2.to attend on (as a physician),to treat Miln.169,233,353; DA.I,7.(Page 147),12,1
  14089. 445167,en,15,upasankheyya,upasaṅkheyya,Upasaṅkheyya,Upasaṅkheyya,(adj.) [grd of upa + saṅkharoti] to be prepared,produced or contracted Sn.849 (= °saṅkhātabba SnA 549; cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 213).(Page 147),12,1
  14090. 445177,en,15,upasanta,upasanta,Upasanta,Upasanta,[pp.of upa + <em>śam</em>,cp.upasammati] calmed,composed,tranquil,at peace M.I,125; S.I,83,162; A.III,394; Sn.848,919,1087,1099; Nd<sup>1</sup> 210,352,434; Nd<sup>2</sup> 161; Dh.201,378; Miln.394; DhA.III,260; IV,114; PvA.132 (= santa).(Page 147),8,1
  14091. 445218,en,15,upasanthapana,upasaṇṭhapanā,Upasaṇṭhapanā,Upasaṇṭhapanā,(f.) [fr.upa + sanṭḥapeti] stopping,causing to cease,settling Pug.18 (see also <i>an°</i>).(Page 147),13,1
  14092. 445246,en,15,upasati,upāsati,Upāsati,Upāsati,[upa + <em>ās</em>] lit.“to sit close by”,to go after,attend,follow,serve,honour,worship D.II,287; A.I,162; J.V,339,371 (= upagacchati C.); Miln.418 (lakkhe upāseti fix his attention on the target).-- 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.pres.med.upāsare A.I,162; J.IV,417 (= upāyanti C.).Cp.payirupāsati.-- pp.upāsita &#38; upāsīna (q.v.).See also upāsaka,upāsana<sup>1</sup>.(Page 150),7,1
  14093. 445262,en,15,upasavyana,upasavyāna,Upasavyāna,Upasavyāna,(nt.?) [?] “a robe worn over the left shoulder” (Hardy,Index to ed.) VvA.166 (v.l.upavasavya).(Page 148),10,1
  14094. 445271,en,15,upasecana,upasecana,Upasecana,Upasecana,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>sic</em>] sprinkling over,i.e.sauce Th.1,842; J.II,422; III,144; IV,371 (maṁs°); VI,24.See also nandi° &#38; maṁsa°.(Page 148),9,1
  14095. 445297,en,15,upaseniya,upaseniyā,Upaseniyā,Upaseniyā,(f.) [Sk.upa + either śayanika of śayana,or sayaniya of <i>śī</i>] (a girl) who likes to be always near (her mother),a pet,darling,fondling J.VI,64 (=mātaraṁ upagantvā sayanika C.).(Page 148),9,1
  14096. 445310,en,15,upasevana,upasevanā,Upasevanā,Upasevanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.upasevati] serving,pursuing,following,service,honouring,pursuit S.III,53 = Nd<sup>1</sup> 25 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 570 (nand° pleasure-seeking); It.68 (bāl° &#38; dhīr°); Sn.249 (utu° observance of the seasons); Miln.351.(Page 148),9,1
  14097. 445318,en,15,upasevati,upasevati,Upasevati,Upasevati,[upa + <em>sev</em>] -- 1.to practice,frequent,pursue Miln.355.-- 2.to serve,honour,Sn.318 (°amāna).‹-› pp.<i>upasevita</i> (q.v.).(Page 148),9,1
  14098. 445337,en,15,upasevin,upasevin,Upasevin,Upasevin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.upasevati] pursuing,following,going after A.III,136 (vyatta°); Miln.264 (rāj°); DhA.III,482 (para-dār°).(Page 148),8,1
  14099. 445341,en,15,upasevita,upasevita,Upasevita,Upasevita,[pp.of upasevati] visited,frequented PvA.147 (for sevita).(Page 148),9,1
  14100. 445361,en,15,upasika,upāsikā,Upāsikā,Upāsikā,see upāsaka; cp.payir°.(Page 150),7,1
  14101. 445382,en,15,upasimsaka,upasiṁsaka,Upasiṁsaka,Upasiṁsaka,(adj.).[fr.upa + siṁsati = <em>śaṁs</em>,cp.āsiṁsaka] striving after,longing or wishing for Miln.393 (āhār°; Morris J P T S.1884,75 proposes reading upasiṅghaka).(Page 148),10,1
  14102. 445388,en,15,upasina,upāsīna,Upāsīna,Upāsīna,[pp.of upāsati] sitting near or close to J.V,336.(Page 150),7,1
  14103. 445394,en,15,upasinghaka,upasiṅghaka,Upasiṅghaka,Upasiṅghaka,(adj.) [fr.upa + <em>siṅgh</em>] sniffing after J.II,339; III,144; Miln.393 (? see upasiṁsaka).(Page 148),11,1
  14104. 445420,en,15,upasinghati,upasiṅghati,Upasiṅghati,Upasiṅghati,[upa + <em>siṅgh</em>] -- 1.to sniff at S.I,204 (padumaṁ); I,455; J.II,339,408; VI,336.-- 2.to sniff up Vin.I,279.-- Caus.<i>āyati</i> to touch gently KhA 136.Caus.II.<i>apeti</i> to touch lightly,to stroke J.IV,407.(Page 148),11,1
  14105. 445435,en,15,upasinghita,upasiṅghita,Upasiṅghita,Upasiṅghita,[pp.of upasiṅghati] scented,smelled at (Loc.) J.VI,543 (sisaṁhi,C.for upagghata).(Page 148),11,1
  14106. 445451,en,15,upasita,upāsita,Upāsita,Upāsita,[pp.of upāsati] honoured,served,attended S 1133,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 165; Th.1,179.(Page 150),7,1
  14107. 445497,en,15,upasobhati,upasobhati,Upasobhati,Upasobhati,[upa + <em>śubh</em>] to appear beautiful,to shine forth Th.1,1080.-- Caus.<i>°sobheti</i> to make beautiful,embellish,adorn Vv 52<sup>6</sup>; J.V,132; PvA.153.-- pp.<i>upasobhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 148),10,1
  14108. 445525,en,15,upasobhita,upasobhita,Upasobhita,Upasobhita,[pp.of upasobheti] embellished,beautified,adorned PvA.153,187; Sdhp.593.(Page 148),10,1
  14109. 445548,en,15,upassagga,upassagga,Upassagga,Upassagga,see <i>upasagga</i>.(Page 148),9,1
  14110. 445552,en,15,upassasa,upassāsa,Upassāsa,Upassāsa,[upa + assāsa; upa + ā + <em>śvas</em>] breathing J.I,160.(Page 148),8,1
  14111. 445563,en,15,upassattha,upassaṭṭha,Upassaṭṭha,Upassaṭṭha,[Sk.upasṛṣṭa,pp.of upa + <em>sṛj</em>] “thrown upon”,overcome,visited,afflicted,ruined,oppressed S.IV,29; A.III,226 (udak°); J.I,61; II,239.(Page 148),10,1
  14112. 445581,en,15,upassaya,upassaya,Upassaya,Upassaya,[fr.upa + <em>śri</em>,cp.assaya &#38; missaya] abode,resting home,dwelling,asylum S.I,32,33; Vv 68<sup>4</sup>; Miln.160.Esp.freq.as <i>bhikkhuni°</i> or <i>bhikkhun°</i> a nunnery Vin.II,259; IV,265,292; S.II,215; J.I,147,428; Miln.124.(Page 148),8,1
  14113. 445605,en,15,upassuti,upassuti,Upassuti,Upassuti,(f.) [fr.upa + <em>śru</em>] listening to,attention S.II,75; IV,91; J.V,100; Miln.92.(Page 148),8,1
  14114. 445614,en,15,upassutika,upassutika,Upassutika,Upassutika,(adj.) [fr.upassuti] one who listens,an eavesdropper J.V,81.(Page 148),10,1
  14115. 445636,en,15,upasussati,upasussati,Upasussati,Upasussati,[upa + sussati] to dry up M.I,481; Sn.433; J.I,71.(Page 148),10,1
  14116. 445649,en,15,upata,upāta,Upāta,Upāta,[according to Kern,Toev.s.v.= Sk.upātta,pp of upa + ā + <em>dā</em> “taken up”; after Morris J.P.T.S.1884,75 = uppāta “flying up”] thrown up,cast up,raised (of dust) Th.1,675.(Page 148),5,1
  14117. 445655,en,15,upatapa,upatāpa,Upatāpa,Upatāpa,[fr.upa + <em>tap</em>] vexation,trouble Vism.166.(Page 141),7,1
  14118. 445670,en,15,upatapana,upatāpana,Upatāpana,Upatāpana,(nt.) [upa + tāpana] vexation,tormenting,torture J.IV,13; ThA.243.(Page 141),9,1
  14119. 445697,en,15,upatapeti,upatāpeti,Upatāpeti,Upatāpeti,[upa + tāpeti] to cause pain,to vex,torment,harass J.II,178,224; IV,11; DhsA.42 (vibādhati +).(Page 141),9,1
  14120. 445704,en,15,upatapika,upatāpika,Upatāpika,Upatāpika,(adj.) [fr.upatāpa] causing pain,molesting J.II,224.(Page 141),9,1
  14121. 445723,en,15,upatappati,upatappati,Upatappati,Upatappati,[upa + tappati<sup>1</sup>)] to be vexed or tormented J.V,90; DhsA.42.(Page 141),10,1
  14122. 445745,en,15,upatheyya,upatheyya,Upatheyya,Upatheyya,[for upadheyya,see Trenckner,Notes 62<sup>16</sup>] a cushion J.VI,490,513.(Page 142),9,1
  14123. 445754,en,15,upatidhavati,upātidhāvati,Upātidhāvati,Upātidhāvati,[upa + ā + dhāvati] to run on or in to Ud.72.(Page 148),12,1
  14124. 445759,en,15,upatigacchati,upātigacchati,Upātigacchati,Upātigacchati,[upa + ati + gacchati] to “go out over”,to surpass,overcome,only in 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.pret.<i>upaccagā</i> Sn.333,636,641,827; Th.1,181; 2,4; J.I,258; VI,182; &#38; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>upaccaguṁ</i> S.I,35; A.III,311; J.III,201.(Page 148),13,1
  14125. 445764,en,15,upatipanna,upātipanna,Upātipanna,Upātipanna,[pp.of upâtipajjati,upa + ā + <em>pad</em>] fallen into,a prey to (with Loc.) Sn.495 (= nipanna with gloss adhimutta SnA 415).(Page 148),10,1
  14126. 445815,en,15,upatitthati,upatiṭṭhati,Upatiṭṭhati,Upatiṭṭhati,[upa + <em>sthā</em>,cp.upaṭṭhahati,°ṭṭhāti etc.] lit.“to stand by”,to look after,to worship Pv III,1<sup>18</sup>; J.II,73 (ādiccaṁ = namassamāno tiṭṭhati C.); Miln.231 (ger.°tiṭṭhitvā); J.V,173 (°tiṭṭhate).pp.<i>upaṭṭhita</i> (q.v.).(Page 141),11,1
  14127. 445851,en,15,upatta,upatta,Upatta,Upatta,[upa + akta,pp.of <em>añj</em>] smeared,spread over M.I,343; J.I,399.(Page 141),6,1
  14128. 445864,en,15,upatthaddha,upatthaddha,Upatthaddha,Upatthaddha,[upa + thaddha,pp.of upatthambhati] ‹-› 1.stiff Vin.III,37 (aṅgāni).-- 2.supported or held up by,resting on,founded on,relying on Th.1,1058,1194; 2,72 (yobbanena); J.I,47 (V.267:mettābalena); V,121,301; Kvu 251 (cakkhu dhamm° “when it is the medium of an idea”); Nett 117; Miln.110 (kāruñña-bal°).(Page 141),11,1
  14129. 445905,en,15,upatthahati,upaṭṭhahati,Upaṭṭhahati,Upaṭṭhahati, &#38; °ṭṭhāti [upa + <em>sthā</em>,cp.upatiṭṭhati] 1 (trs.) to stand near or at hand (with Acc.),to wait on,attend on,serve,minister,to care for,look after,nurse (in sickness) Vin.I,50,302; IV,326; M.III,25; S.I,167; A.III,94; V,72; Sn.82 = 481 (imper.°ṭṭhahassu); J.I,67 (ppr.°ṭṭhahamāna),262 (ppr.°ṭṭhahanto); IV,131; V,396; Dpvs II.16; PvA.19,20.-- aor.<i>upaṭṭhahi</i> PvA.14,42,82.-- inf.<i>upaṭṭhātuṁ</i> A.V,72; PvA.20.-- ger.<i>upaṭṭhahitvā</i> PvA.76.-- grd.<i>upaṭṭhātabba</i> Vin.I,302; PvA.20.-- pp.<i>upaṭṭhita</i> (q.v.).-- 2.(intrs.) to stand out or forth,to appear,to arise,occur,to be present M.I,104 sq.; A.IV,32; J.IV,203 (mante anupaṭṭhahante since the spell did not occur to him); V,207; Miln.64; ThA.258.‹-› aor.<i>upaṭṭhāsi</i> J.I,61; IV,3; PvA.42.-- Caus.I.<i>upaṭṭheti;</i> Caus.II.<i>upaṭṭhapeti </i>&<i> °ṭṭhāpeti</i> (q.v.).-- Pass.<i>upaṭṭhīyati</i> J.IV,131 (ppr.°ṭṭhiyamāna), &#38; <i>upaṭṭhahīyati</i> A.III,94 (ppr.°ṭṭhahiyamāna).(Page 141),11,1
  14130. 445964,en,15,upatthaka,upaṭṭhāka,Upaṭṭhāka,Upaṭṭhāka,[fr.upa + <em>sthā</em>,cp.BSk.upasthāka M Vastu I.251,and upasthāyaka Divy 426; Av.Ś.I.214; II,85,112.] a servitor,personal attendant,servant,“famulus”.Ānanda was the last u.of Gotama Buddha (see D.I,206; Th.1,1041 f.; ThA.in Brethren Loc.cit.; Vin.I,179 (Sāgato u.),194; II,186; III,66; IV,47; D.I,150 (Nāgita); S.III,113; A.I,121; III,31,189; J I 15,100 (a merchant’s); II,416; Pug.28; DhA.II,93; VvA.149; PvA.211.-- <i>agg°</i> main follower,chief attendant D.II,6; <i>gilān°</i> an attendant in sickness,nurse Vin.I,303; A.I,26; <i>saṅgh°</i> one who looks after the community of Bhikkhus Vin.I,216; A.I,26; III,39.-- <i>dupaṭṭhāka </i>&<i> supaṭṭhāka</i> a bad ( &#38; good) attendant Vin.I,302.<br><br> <i>--kula</i> a family entertaining (or ministering to) a thera or a bhikkhu,a family devoted to the service of (Gen.) Vin.I,83 (Sāriputtassa),213; III,62,66,67; IV,283,286; VvA.120.(Page 141),9,1
  14131. 446027,en,15,upatthambha,upatthambha,Upatthambha,Upatthambha,[fr.upa + <em>stambh</em>] -- 1.a support,prop,stay Miln.355,415,417; Sdhp.565.-- 2.relief,ease Vin.III,112.-- 3.encouragement J.V,270; DhA.I,279.(Page 142),11,1
  14132. 446040,en,15,upatthambhaka,upatthambhaka,Upatthambhaka,Upatthambhaka,(adj.nt.) [fr.upatthambha) holding up,supporting,sustaining DhsA.153.(Page 142),13,1
  14133. 446073,en,15,upatthambhana,upatthambhana,Upatthambhana,Upatthambhana,(nt.) = <i>upatthambha</i> Miln.36; J.I,447; DA.I,124; ThA.258; Vism.279.(Page 142),13,1
  14134. 446126,en,15,upatthambheti,upatthambheti,Upatthambheti,Upatthambheti,[upa + thambheti,Caus.of thambhati] to make firm,shore up,support,prop up J.I,127 [ppr.°ayamāna),447; DA.I,113; DhA.III,73 (°ayamāna ppr.).‹-› pp.<i>upatthambhita</i>.(Page 142),13,1
  14135. 446151,en,15,upatthambhita,upatthambhita,Upatthambhita,Upatthambhita,[pp.of upatthambheti] propped up,supported,sustained J.I,107; Miln.36; DA.I,234; PvA.117 (puñña-phal°),148 (utu-āhārehi u.).(Page 142),13,1
  14136. 446177,en,15,upatthana,upaṭṭhāna,Upaṭṭhāna,Upaṭṭhāna,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>sthā</em>] -- 1.attendance,waiting on,looking after,service,care,ministering A.I,151,225; Sn.138; J.I,226,237,291; II,101; IV,138; VI,351.Ps.I,107; II,7 sq.,28,230; PvA.104,145 (paccekabuddhassa),176; VvA.75 (ther°); Sdhp.560.-- 2.worship,(divine) service D.III,188 sq.(°ṁ gacchati); PvA.122.<i>Buddh°</i> attendance on a Buddha PvA.93; ThA.18.‹-› 3.a state room J.III,257.<br><br> <i>--sambhāra</i> means of catering,provisions PvA.20.<i>--sālā</i> hall for attendance,assembly room,chapel [cp.BSk.upasthāna-śālā Divy 207] Vin.I,49,139; II,153,208; III,70 (at Vesālī); IV,15,42; D.II,119 (at Vesālī); S.II,280; V,321; A.II,51,197; III,298; DhA.I,37,38; III,413.(Page 141),9,1
  14137. 446273,en,15,upatthapana,upaṭṭhāpana,Upaṭṭhāpana,Upaṭṭhāpana,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>sthā</em>] attendance,service Vin.IV,291.(Page 141),11,1
  14138. 446330,en,15,upatthapeti,upaṭṭhapeti,Upaṭṭhapeti,Upaṭṭhapeti, &#38; °ṭṭhāpeti [Caus.II.of upaṭṭhahati] 1.to provide,procure,get ready,put forth,give Vin.II,210; D.II,19; M.I,429; J.I,266; IV,2; V,218; Pug.59,68; Miln.15,257,366 (pānīyaṁ paribhojanīyaṁ),397; DA.I,270; Sdhp.356.-- 2.to cause to be present Vin.I,45; S.I,170; Pv IV.1<sup>70</sup>.-- 3.to cause to be waited on or to be nursed A.V,72 (gilānaṁ upaṭṭhātuṁ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṁ vā).-- 4.to keep (a servant) for hire Vin.II,267.‹-› 5.to ordain Vin.I,62,83.(Page 141),11,1
  14139. 446372,en,15,upatthara,upatthara,Upatthara,Upatthara,[fr.upa + <em>stṛ</em>] a (floor) covering,carpet,rug D.I,103 (rath°); J.II,126 (pabbat°); II,534.(Page 142),9,1
  14140. 446416,en,15,upattheti,upaṭṭheti,Upaṭṭheti,Upaṭṭheti,[Caus.of upaṭṭhahati] to make serve or attend; sakkaccaṁ u.(with Acc.) to bestow respect (upon) Vin.IV,275.fut.<i>°essati</i> Vin.IV,291.to place,fix (parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā) Vibh.244.(Page 141),9,1
  14141. 446434,en,15,upatthita,upaṭṭhita,Upaṭṭhita,Upaṭṭhita,[pp.of upaṭṭhahati or upatiṭṭhāti,cp.BSk.upasthita Divy 281,342] -- 1.furnished provided,served,got ready,honoured with Sn.295 (°asmiṁ yaññasmiṁ); J.V,173 (annena pānena); Pv.I,5<sup>2</sup> (= sajjita paṭiyatta PvA.25); II,98 (= payirupāsita PvA.116); PvA.132.‹-› 2.come,come about,appeared,arrived; present,existing Sn.130 (bhattakāle upaṭṭhite when mealtime has come),898; Dh.235; Miln.274; PvA.124 (dānakāle °e).‹-› 3.standing up (ready),keeping in readiness M.I,77; A.II,206; Sn.708 (= ṭhito C.); Pv.II,9<sup>53</sup> (ready for service,serving,waiting upon cp.PvA.135.<br><br> <i>--sati</i> with ready attention,one whose attention is fixed,concentrated Vin.I,63; D.III,252,282; S.IV,186; A.III,251; Pug.25.(Page 141),9,1
  14142. 446490,en,15,upattita,upaṭṭita,Upaṭṭita,Upaṭṭita,[upa + aṭṭita,from <em>ard</em>,see aṭṭita] pained,terrified; overcome,overwhelmed J.VI,82 (visavegena).(Page 141),8,1
  14143. 446500,en,15,upavada,upavāda,Upavāda,Upavāda,[fr.upa + <em>vad</em>] insulting,railing; blaming,finding fault Nd<sup>1</sup> 386; PvA.269; <i>an°</i> (adj.) not grumbling or abusing Dh.185 (anûpa° metri causa).(Page 146),7,1
  14144. 446517,en,15,upavadaka,upavādaka,Upavādaka,Upavādaka,(adj.) [fr.upavāda] blaming,finding fault,speaking evil of (Gen.),generally in phrase <i>ariyānaṁ u</i>.insulting the gentle Vin.III,5; A.I,256; III,19; IV,178; V,68; It.58,99.-- <i>an°</i> Ps.I,115; Pug.60.(Page 146),9,1
  14145. 446554,en,15,upavadati,upavadati,Upavadati,Upavadati,[upa + <em>vad</em>] to tell (secretly) against,to tell tales; to insult,blame D.I,90; S.III,125 (attā sīlato na upav.); A.II,121 (id.); V,88; J.II,196; PvA.13.(Page 146),9,1
  14146. 446579,en,15,upavadin,upavādin,Upavādin,Upavādin,(adj.[fr.upavāda] = upavādaka; in <i>ariy°</i> S.I,225; II,124; V,266; Pv IV.3<sup>39</sup>.an° M.I,360.(Page 147),8,1
  14147. 446597,en,15,upavahana,upavāhana,Upavāhana,Upavāhana,(nt.) [upa + vāhana] carrying away,washing away Sn.391 (saṅghāṭi-raj-ûpa° = paṁsu-malādino saṅghāṭirajassa dhovanaṁ SnA 375).(Page 147),9,1
  14148. 446606,en,15,upavajja,upavajja,Upavajja,Upavajja,(adj.) [grd.of upavadati] blameworthy S.IV,59,60; A.II,242.<i>an°</i> blameless,without fault S.IV,57 sq; A.IV,82; Miln.391.(Page 146),8,1
  14149. 446616,en,15,upavajjata,upavajjatā,Upavajjatā,Upavajjatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.upavajja] blameworthiness S.IV,59 (an°).(Page 146),10,1
  14150. 446629,en,15,upavana,upavana,Upavana,Upavana,(nt.) [upa + vana,see upa 5] a kind of wood,miniature wood,park J.IV,431; V,249; Miln.1; VvA.170 (= vana),344; ThA.201; PvA.102 (ārām°),177 (mahā°).(Page 146),7,1
  14151. 446655,en,15,upavanneti,upavaṇṇeti,Upavaṇṇeti,Upavaṇṇeti,[upa + vaṇṇeti] to describe fully Sdhp.487.(Page 146),10,1
  14152. 446667,en,15,upavasa,upavāsa,Upavāsa,Upavāsa,[fr.upa + <em>vas</em>,see upavasati] keeping a prescribed day,fasting,self-denial,abstaining from enjoyments [Same as <i>uposatha</i>; used extensively in BSk.in meaning of uposatha,e.g.at Av.Ś I.338,339; Divy 398 in phrase aṣṭânga-samanvāgataṁ upavāsaṁ upavasati] A.V,40 (? uncertain; vv.ll.upāsaka,ovāpavāssa,yopavāsa); J.VI,508; SnA 199 (in expl<sup>n.</sup> of uposatha).(Page 147),7,1
  14153. 446700,en,15,upavasati,upavasati,Upavasati,Upavasati,[upa + vasiti].-- 1.to dwell in or at J.III,113; DA.I,139.-- 2.to live (trs.); to observe,keep (a holy day); only in phrase <i>uposathaṁ upavasati</i> to observe the fast day S.I,208; A.I,142,144,205; Sn.402 (ger.upavassa); J.III,444; SnA 199; PvA.209.-- pp.<i>upavuttha</i> (q.v.).See also uposatha.(Page 146),9,1
  14154. 446729,en,15,upavasita,upavāsita,Upavāsita,Upavāsita,(adj.) (upa + vāsita) perfumed PvA.164 (for gandha-samerita).(Page 147),9,1
  14155. 446765,en,15,upavattati,upavattati,Upavattati,Upavattati,[upa + <em>vṛt</em>] to come to pass,to take place J.VI,58.(Page 146),10,1
  14156. 446781,en,15,upavayati,upavāyati,Upavāyati,Upavāyati,[upa + vāyati] to blow on or towards somebody M.I,424; A.IV,46; Th.1,544; Pv III,6<sup>6</sup>; Miln.97.(Page 147),9,1
  14157. 446808,en,15,upavhyati,upavhyati,Upavhyati,Upavhyati,[upa + ā + <em>hū</em>,cp.avhayati for *āhvayati] to invoke,call upon D.II,259; S.I,168.(Page 147),9,1
  14158. 446814,en,15,upavicara,upavicāra,Upavicāra,Upavicāra,[upa + vicāra; cp.BSk.upavicāra Divy 19,trsl<sup>d</sup> on p.704 in Notes by “perplexed by doubts” (?)] applying (one’s mind) to,discrimination D.III,245 (domanass°); M.III,239; S.IV,232 (somanass° etc.); A.III,363 sq.; V,134; Ps.I,17; Dh.8,85,284; Vbh.381.(Page 147),9,1
  14159. 446838,en,15,upavijanna,upavijaññā,Upavijaññā,Upavijaññā,(f.) (adj.) [grd.formation of upa + vi + <i>jan</i>,cp.Sk.vijanya] about to bring forth a child,nearing childbirth M.I,384; Th.2,218; Ud.13; Dāvs III,38; ThA.197.(Page 147),10,1
  14160. 446852,en,15,upavina,upavīna,Upavīna,Upavīna,[upa + vīṇā] the neck of a lute S.IV,197; Miln.53.(Page 147),7,1
  14161. 446873,en,15,upavisati,upavisati,Upavisati,Upavisati,[upa + visati] to come near,to approach a person J.IV,408; V,377; aor.<i>upāvisi</i> Sn.415,418 (āsajja upāvisi = samīpaṁ gantvā nisīdi SnA 384).(Page 147),9,1
  14162. 446890,en,15,upavisi,upāvisi,Upāvisi,Upāvisi,3<sup>rd</sup> sg.aor.of upavisati (q.v.).(Page 150),7,1
  14163. 446901,en,15,upavita,upavīta,Upavīta,Upavīta,[?] covered (?) at VvA.8 in phrase “vettalatâdīhi upavītaṁ āsanaṁ” should prob.be read <i>upanīta</i> (vv.ll.uparivīta &#38; upajita); or could it be pp.of upavīyati (woven with)? (Page 147),7,1
  14164. 446916,en,15,upaviyati,upavīyati,Upavīyati,Upavīyati,[Pass.of upa + <em>vā</em><i><sup>2</sup></i> to weave] te be woven J.VI,26.(Page 147),9,1
  14165. 446938,en,15,upavuttha,upavuttha,Upavuttha,Upavuttha,[pp.of upavasati] celebrated,kept (of a fastday) A.I,211 (uposatha); Sn.403 (uposatha).Cp.<i>uposatha</i>.(Page 147),9,1
  14166. 446955,en,15,upaya,upaya,Upaya,Upaya,[fr.upa + <i>i</i>,cp.upāya] approach,undertaking,taking up; clinging to,attachment,only as adj.(-°) in <i>an°</i> (anûpaya metri causā) not going near,aloof,unattached S.I,141,181; II,284; Sn.786,787,897 (cp.SnA 558); and in <i>rūpûpaya</i> (vv.ll.rūpupaya &#38; rūpupāya) “clinging to form” (etc.) S.III,53 = Nd<sup>1</sup> 25 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 570 (+ rup’ārammaṇa).(Page 145),5,1
  14167. 446966,en,15,upaya,upāya,Upāya,Upāya,[fr.upa +<em> i</em>,cp.upaya] approach; fig.way,means,expedient,stratagem S.III,53 sq.,58; D.III,220 (°kosalla); Sn.321 (°ññū); J.I,256; Nd<sup>2</sup> 570 (for upaya); PvA.20,31,39,45,104,161; Sdhp.10,12.350,385.-- Cases adverbially; Instr.<i>upāyena</i> by artifice or means of a trick PvA.93; yena kenaci u.PvA.113.-- Abl.<i>upāyaso</i> by some means,somehow J.III,443; V,401 (= upāyena C.).‹-› <i>anupāya</i> wrong means J.I,256; Sdhp.405; without going near,without having a propensity for S.I,181; M.III,25.<br><br> <i>--kusala</i> clever in resource J.I,98; Nett 20; SnA 274.(Page 149),5,1
  14168. 446971,en,15,upaya,ūpāya,Ūpāya,Ūpāya,at DhA.II,93 stands for <i>upāya</i>.(Page 158),5,1
  14169. 446981,en,15,upayacati,upayācati,Upayācati,Upayācati,[upa + yācati] to beg,entreat,pray to J.VI,150 (divyaṁ).(Page 145),9,1
  14170. 446993,en,15,upayacitaka,upayācitaka,Upayācitaka,Upayācitaka,(nt.) [of adj.upa + yācita + ka; pp.of yācati] begging,asking,praying,propitiation J.VI,150 (= devatānaṁ āyācana).(Page 145),11,1
  14171. 447042,en,15,upayana,upayāna,Upayāna,Upayāna,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>yā</em>,cp.BSk.upayāna Jtm 31<sup>63</sup>] nearing,approach,arrival D.I,10; DA.I,94.(Page 145),7,1
  14172. 447051,en,15,upayana,upāyana,Upāyana,Upāyana,(nt.) [fr.upa + <em>i</em>,cp.upāya] going to (in special sense),enterprise,offering,tribute,present J v.347; VI,327; Miln.155,171,241; Sdhp.616,619.(Page 149),7,1
  14173. 447058,en,15,upayanaka,upayānaka,Upayānaka,Upayānaka,[fr.upayāna] a crab J.VI,530.(Page 145),9,1
  14174. 447126,en,15,upayasa,upāyāsa,Upāyāsa,Upāyāsa,[upa + āyāsa,cp.BSk.upāyāsa Divy 210,314.] (a kind of) trouble,turbulence,tribulation,unrest,disturbance,unsettled condition M.I,8,144,363; III,237; A.I,144,177,203 (sa°); II,123,203; III,3,97,429; Sn.542; It.89 = A.I,147 = M.I,460; J.II,277 (°bahula); IV 22 (id.); Pug.30,36; Vbh.247; Nett 29; Miln.69; Vism.504 (def.); DA.I,121.-- <i>anupāyāsa</i> peacefulness,composure,serenity,sincerity D.III,159; A.III,429; Ps.I 11 sq.(Page 150),7,1
  14175. 447180,en,15,upayati,upayāti,Upayāti,Upayāti,[upa + yāti of <em>yā</em>] to go to,to approach S.I,76; II,118 (also Caus.<i>°yāpeti</i>); Dpvs VI,69; Sdhp.579.(Page 145),7,1
  14176. 447187,en,15,upayatta,upāyatta,Upāyatta,Upāyatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.upāya] a means of (-°) VvA.84 (paṭipajjan°).(Page 149),8,1
  14177. 447212,en,15,upayoga,upayoga,Upayoga,Upayoga,[fr.upa + <em>yuj</em>] connection,combination; employment,application J.VI,432 (nagare upayogaṁ netvā for use in the town? v.l.upabhogaṁ).Usually in cpd.<i>°vacana</i> as tt.g.meaning either combined or condensed expression,ellipsis SnA 386; KhA 236; PvA.73,135; or the Acc.case,which is frequently substituted for the foll.cases:sāmi-vacana SnA 127; PvA.102; bhumma° SnA 140; KhA 116; karaṇa° SnA 148; sampadāna° J.V,214; SnA 317; itthambhūta° SnA 441; nissakka° J.V,498.(Page 145),7,1
  14178. 447265,en,15,upayunjati,upayuñjati,Upayuñjati,Upayuñjati,[upa + <em>yuj</em>] to combine,connect with; to use,apply; ppr.med.<i>upayujjamāna</i> VvA.245 (preferably be read as °bhuñjamāna,with reference to enjoying drink &#38; food).(Page 145),10,1
  14179. 447320,en,15,upekkha,upekkhā,Upekkhā,Upekkhā, &#38; Upekhā (f.) [fr.upa +<em> īkṣ</em>,cp.BSk.upekṣā Divy 483; Jtm 211.On spelling upekhā for upekkhā see Müller P.Gr.16] “looking on”,hedonic neutrality or indifference,zero point between joy &#38; sorrow (Cpd.66); disinterestedness,neutral feeling,equanimity.Sometimes equivalent to adukkham-asukha-vedanā “feeling which is neither pain nor pleasure”.See detailed discussion of term at Cpd.229--232, &#38; cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 39.-- Ten kinds of upekkhā are enum<sup>d.</sup> at DhsA.172 (cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 48; Hardy,Man.Buddhism 505).-- D 138 (°sati-parisuddhi purity of mindfulness which comes of disinterestedness cp.Vin.III,4; Dhs.165 &#38; Dhs.trsln<sup>n.</sup> 50),251; II,279 (twofold); III,50,78,106,224 sq.,239,245 (six °upavicāras),252,282; M.I,79,364; III 219; S.IV,71,114 sq.,V.209 sq.(°indriya); A I 42; 81 (°sukha),256 (°nimitta); III,185,291 (°cetovimutti); IV,47 sq.,70 sq.,300,443; V,301,360; Sn.67,73,972,1107,(°satisaṁsuddha); Nd<sup>1</sup> 501 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 166; Ps.I,8,36,60,167,177; Pug.59 (°sati); Nett 25,97 (°dhātu),121 sq.; Vbh.12,15 (°indriya),54 (id.),69,85 (°dhātu),228,324,326 (°sambojjhaṅga),381 (°upavicāra); Dhs.150,153,165,262,556,1001,1278,1582; Vism.134 (°sambojjhaṅga,5 conditions of),148 (°ânubrūhanā),160 (def. &#38; tenfold),317 (°bhāvanā),319 (°brahmavihāra),325 (°vihārin),461; SnA 128; Sdhp.461.(Page 150),7,1
  14180. 447350,en,15,upekkhaka,upekkhaka,Upekkhaka,Upekkhaka,(adj.) [fr.upekkhā] disinterested,resigned,stoical Vin.III,4; D.I,37,183; III,113,222,245,269,281; S.V,295 sq.,318; A.III,169 sq.,279; V,30; Sn.515,855,912; It.81; Nd<sup>1</sup> 241,330; Pug.50,59; Dhs.163; DhsA.172.(Page 150),9,1
  14181. 447375,en,15,upekkhana,upekkhanā,Upekkhanā,Upekkhanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.upa + īkṣ] is commentator’s paraphrase for upekkhā (q.v.) Nd<sup>1</sup> 501 = Nd<sup>2</sup> 166; Vbh.230.(Page 150),9,1
  14182. 447510,en,15,upekkhati,upekkhati,Upekkhati,Upekkhati,[upa + īkṣ] to look on,to be disinterested or indifferent Sn.911; Nd<sup>1</sup> 328; J.VI,294.(Page 150),9,1
  14183. 447524,en,15,upekkhavant,upekkhavant,Upekkhavant,Upekkhavant,(adj.) = upekkhaka J.V,403.(Page 150),11,1
  14184. 447622,en,15,upeta,upeta,Upeta,Upeta,[pp.of upeti] furnished with,endowed with,possessed of Sn.402,463,700,722; Dh.10,280; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.,Th.1,789; Pv.I,7<sup>6</sup> (bal°); II 7<sup>12</sup> (phal°,v.l.preferable °upaga),IV.1<sup>12</sup> (ariyaṁ aṭṭhaṅgavaraṁ upetan = aṭṭhahi aṅgehi upetaṁ yuttaṁ PvA.243); Vism.18 (+ sam°,upagata,samupagata etc); PvA.7.-- Note.The BSk.usually has samanvāgata for upeta (see aṭṭhaṅga).(Page 150),5,1
  14185. 447655,en,15,upeti,upeti,Upeti,Upeti,[upa + <em>i</em>] to go to (with Acc.),come to,approach,undergo,attain D.I,55 (paṭhavi-kāyaṁ an-upeti does not go into an earthly body),180; M.I,486 (na upeti,as answer:“does not meet the question”); S.III,93; It.89; Sn.209,(na saṅkhaṁ “cannot be reckoned as”) 749,911,1074; 728 (dukkhaṁ),897; Sn.404 (deve); Nd<sup>1</sup> 63; Nd<sup>2</sup> 167; Dh.151,306,342; Sn.318; J.IV,309 (maraṇaṁ upeti to die),312 (id.),463 (id.); V,212 (v.l.opeti,q.v.); Th.1,17 (gabbhaṁ); Pv.II,3<sup>34</sup> (saggaṁ upehi ṭhānaṁ); IV,3<sup>52</sup> (saraṇaṁ buddhaṁ dhammaṁ); Nett 66; fut.upessaṁ Sn.29; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.upehisi Dh.238,348.-- ger.upecca Vv 33<sup>7</sup>; S.I,209 = Nett 131; VvA.146 (realising = upagantvā cetetvā vā); PvA.103 (gloss for uppacca flying up); see also upiya &#38; uppacca.-- pp.upeta.(Page 150),5,1
  14186. 447674,en,15,upiya,upiya,Upiya,Upiya,[ger.of upeti] undergoing,going into,metri causa as ūpiya (-°) and opiya,viz.hadayasmiṁ opiya S I 199 = Th.1,119; senûpiya J.V,96 (v.l.senopiya; C.sayanûpagata).In tadûpiya the 2<sup>nd</sup> part upiya represents an adj.upaka fr.upa (see ta I.a),thus found at Miln.9.(Page 150),5,1
  14187. 447676,en,15,upiya,ūpiya,Ūpiya,Ūpiya,see <i>upiya </i>&<i> opiya</i>.(Page 158),5,1
  14188. 447681,en,15,uplapeti,uplāpeti,Uplāpeti,Uplāpeti,[Sk.avaplāvayati,Caus.of ava + <em>plu</em>,with substitution of ud for ava; see also uppilavati] to immerse M.I,135 (vv.ll.upal° &#38; opil°); J.IV,162 (fig.put into the shade,overpower; v.l.upal°).See also <i>opilāpeti </i>&<i> ubbillāvita</i>.(Page 152),8,1
  14189. 447721,en,15,upocita,upocita,Upocita,Upocita,[pp.of upa + ava + <em>ci</em>] heaped up,abounding,comfortable J.IV,471.(Page 150),7,1
  14190. 447741,en,15,uposatha,uposatha,Uposatha,Uposatha,[Vedic upavasatha,the eve of the Soma sacrifice,day of preparation].At the time of the rise of Buddhism the word had come to mean the day preceding four stages of the moon’s waxing and waning,viz.1<sup>st</sup>,8<sup>th</sup>,15<sup>th</sup>,23<sup>d</sup> nights of the lunar month that is to say,a weekly sacred day,a Sabbath.These days were utilized by the pre-Buddhistic reforming communities for the expounding of their views,Vin.I,101.The Buddhists adopted this practice and on the 15<sup>th</sup> day of the half-month held a chapter of the Order to expound their dhamma,ib.102.They also utilized one or other of these Up.days for the recitation of the Pāṭimokkha (pāṭimokkhuddesa),ibid.On Up.days laymen take upon themselves the Up.vows,that is to say,the eight Sīlas,during the day.See Sīla.The day in the middle of the month is called cātudassiko or paṇṇarasiko according as the month is shorter or longer.The reckoning is not by the month (māsa),but by the half-month (pakkha),so the twenty-third day is simply aṭṭhamī,the same as the eighth day.There is an accasional Up.called sāmaggi-uposatho,“reconciliation-Up.”,which is held when a quarrel among the fraternity has been made up,the Gen.confession forming as it were a seal to the reconciliation (Vin.V,123; Mah.42).-- Vin.I,111,112,175,177; II,5,32,204,276; III,164,169; D.III,60,61,145,147; A.I,205 sq.(3 uposathas:gopālaka°,nigaṇṭha°,ariya°),208 (dhamm°),211 (devatā°); IV,248 (aṭṭhaṅga-samannāgata),258 sq.(id.),276,388 (navah aṅgehi upavuttha); V,83; Sn.153 (pannaraso u); Vbh.422; Vism.227 (°sutta = A.I,206 sq.); Sdhp.439; DA.I,139; SnA 199; VvA.71,109; PvA.66,201.-- The hall or chapel in the monastery in which the Pāṭimokkha is recited is called <i>uposathaggaṁ</i> (Vin.III,66),or <i>°āgāraṁ</i> (Vin.I,107; DhA.II,49).The Up.service is called <i>°kamma</i> (Vin.I,102; V,142; J.I,232; III,342,444; DhA.I,205).<i>uposathaṁ karoti</i> to hold the Up.service (Vin.I,107,175,177; J.I,425).Keeping the Sabbath (by laymen) is called <i>uposathaṁ upavasati</i> (A.I,142,144,205,208; IV,248; see upavasati),or uposathavāsaṁ vasati (J.V,177).The ceremony of a layman taking upon himself the eight sīlas is called uposathaṁ samādiyati (see sīlaṁ &#38; samādiyati); uposatha-sīla observance of the Up.(VvA.71).The Up.day or Sabbath is also called uposatha-divasa (J.III,52).(Page 150),8,1
  14191. 447871,en,15,uposathika,uposathika,Uposathika,Uposathika,(adj.) [fr.uposatha] -- 1.belonging to the Uposatha in phrase anuposathikaṁ (adv.) on every U.,i.e.every fortnight Vin.IV,315.-- 2.observing the Sabbath,fasting (cp.BSk.uposadhika M Vastu II.9); Vin.I,58; IV,75,78; J.III,52; Vism.66 (bhatta); DhA.I,205.(Page 151),10,1
  14192. 447877,en,15,uposathin,uposathin,Uposathin,Uposathin,(adj.) [fr.upusatha] = uposathika,fasting Mhvs 17,6.(Page 151),9,1
  14193. 447895,en,15,uppabbajati,uppabbajati,Uppabbajati,Uppabbajati,[ud + pabbajati] to leave the Order DhA.I,68; PvA.55.-- pp.<i>°pabbajita</i>.-- Caus.<i>uppabbājeti</i> to turn out of the Order J.IV,219; DhA.IV,195.-- Caus.II.<i>uppabbajāpeti</i> to induce some one to leave the Order J.IV,304.(Page 152),11,1
  14194. 447953,en,15,uppabbajjta,uppabbajjta,Uppabbajjta,Uppabbajjta,[ud + pabbajita] one who has left the community of bhikkhus,an ex-bhikkhu VvA.319; DhA.I,311.(Page 152),11,1
  14195. 447958,en,15,uppacca,uppacca,Uppacca,Uppacca,[ger.of uppatati] flying up Th.2,248 (see under upacca)); S.I,209 (v.l.BB.upecca,C.uppatitvā pi sakuṇo viya) = Pv.II,7<sup>17</sup> (= uppatitvā PvA.103) = DhA.IV,21 (gloss uppatitvā) = Nett 131 (upecca).(Page 151),7,1
  14196. 447963,en,15,uppaccati,uppaccati,Uppaccati,Uppaccati,[ud + paccati,Pass.of <em>pac</em>] in ppr.<i>uppacciyamāna</i> (so read for upapacciyamāna,as suggested by v.l.BB.uppajj°) “being boiled out”,i.e.dried or shrivelled up (cp.uppakka 1) J.IV,327.Not with Morris J P T S.1887,129 “being tormented”,nor with Kern,Toev.under upapacc° as ppr.to <i>pṛc</i> (*upapṛcyamāna) “dicht opgesloten”,a meaning foreign to this root.(Page 151),9,1
  14197. 447975,en,15,uppada,uppāda,Uppāda,Uppāda,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.utpāda,ud + <em>pad</em>] coming into existence,appearance,birth Vin.I,185; D.I,185; S.III,39 (+ vaya); IV,14; V,30; A.I,152 (+ vaya),286,296; II,248 (taṇh°); III,123 (citt° state of consciousness); IV,65 (id.); Dh.182,194; J.I,59,107 (sat°); Vbh.303 (citt°),375 (taṇh°); PvA.10; ThA.282.-- <i>anuppāda</i> either “not coming into existence” D.III,270,M.I,60; A.I,286,296; II,214,249:III,84 sq.; Ps.I,59,66; Dhs.1367; or “not ripe” D.I,12.(Page 152),6,1
  14198. 447976,en,15,uppada,uppāda,Uppāda,Uppāda,<sup>1</sup> [Sk.utpāta,ud + <em>pat</em>] flying up,jump; a sudden &#38; unusual event,portent,omen D.I,9 (v.l.uppāta) = Vism.30 (T.uppāta,v.l.uppāda) Sn.360; J.I,374; VI,475; Miln.178.(Page 152),6,1
  14199. 448006,en,15,uppadaka,uppādaka,Uppādaka,Uppādaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.uppāda<sup>2</sup>] producing,generating PvA.13 (dukkh°).f.<i>°ikā</i> DhA.IV,109 (jhān’).(Page 152),8,1
  14200. 448023,en,15,uppadana,uppādana,Uppādana,Uppādana,(nt.) [fr.uppada<sup>2</sup>] making,generating,causing PvA.71 (anubal° read for anubalappadāna?) 114.(Page 152),8,1
  14201. 448233,en,15,uppadetar,uppādetar,Uppādetar,Uppādetar,[n.ag.fr.uppādeti] one who produces,causes or brings into existence,creator,producer M.I,79; S.I,191; III,66; V,351; Miln.217.(Page 152),9,1
  14202. 448240,en,15,uppadeti,uppādeti,Uppādeti,Uppādeti,[Caus.of uppajjati,ud + <em>pad</em>] -- 1.to give rise to,to produce,put forth,show,evince,make D.I,135; M.I.162,185; Pug.25; PvA.4,16,19,59; Sdhp.539.<i>cittaṁ u</i>.to give a (temporary) thought to (with Loc.) J.I,81; Miln.85; DhA.II,89; PvA.3.-- 2.to get,obtain,find J.IV,2; Miln.140; DhA.I,90; PvA.121.-- 3.in <i>lohitaṁ u</i>.to draw (blood) Miln.214.(Page 152),8,1
  14203. 448286,en,15,uppadin,uppādin,Uppādin,Uppādin,(adj.) [fr.uppāda<sup>2</sup>] having an origin,arising,bound to arise Dhs.1037,1416; Vbh.17,50,74,92 and passim; DhsA.45.(Page 152),7,1
  14204. 448375,en,15,uppajjana,uppajjana,Uppajjana,Uppajjana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.uppajjati] coming into existence; birth,rebirth PvA.9 (°vasena),33 (id.).(Page 151),9,1
  14205. 448393,en,15,uppajjanaka,uppajjanaka,Uppajjanaka,Uppajjanaka,(adj.) [fr.uppajjana] (belonging to) coming into existence,i.e.arising suddenly or without apparent cause,in <i>°bhaṇḍa</i> a treasure trove J.III,150.(Page 151),11,1
  14206. 448639,en,15,uppajjati,uppajjati,Uppajjati,Uppajjati,[ud + pajjati of <em>pad</em>] to come out,to arise,to be produced,to be born or reborn,to come into existence D.I,180; Sn.584; Pv.II,1<sup>11</sup> (= nibbattati PvA.71); PvA.8 (nibbattati +),9,20,129 (= pātubhavati); DA.I,165.‹-› Pass.<i>uppajjiyati</i> Vin.I,50.-- ppr.uppajjanto PvA.5,21; fut.°pajjissati PvA.5 (bhummadevesu,corresp.with niraye nibbattissati ibid.),67 (niraye); aor.uppajji PvA.21,50,66; &#38; udapādi (q.v.) Vin.III,4; J.I,81; ger.°pajjitvā D.II,157 = S.I,6,158 = II.193 = J.I,392 = Th.1,1159; &#38; uppajja J.IV,24.-- Caus.<i>uppādeti</i> (q.v.).‹-› pp.<i>uppanna</i> (q.v.).See also <i>upapajjati</i> and <i>upapanna</i>.(Page 151),9,1
  14207. 448678,en,15,uppajjitar,uppajjitar,Uppajjitar,Uppajjitar,[n.ag.fr.uppajjati] one who produces or is reborn in (with Acc.) D.I,143 (saggaṁ etc.).(Page 151),10,1
  14208. 448690,en,15,uppakitaka,uppakitaka,Uppakitaka,Uppakitaka,indexed at Ud.III,2 wrongly for <i>upakkitaka</i> (q.v.).(Page 151),10,1
  14209. 448697,en,15,uppakka,uppakka,Uppakka,Uppakka,(adj.) [fr.ud + <em>pac</em>,cp.Sk.pakva &#38; see also uppaccati] -- 1.“boiled out”,scorched,seared,dried or shrivelled up; in phrase itthiṁ uppakkaṁ okiliniṁ okiriniṁ Vin.III,107 = S.II,260; expl<sup>d.</sup> by Bdhgh.Vin.III,273 as “kharena agginā pakkasarīra”.-- 2.“boiled up”,swollen (of eyes through crying) J.VI,10.(Page 151),7,1
  14210. 448713,en,15,uppala,uppala,Uppala,Uppala,[Sk.utpala,uncertain etym.] the (blue) lotus; a waterlily.The 7 kinds of lotuses,mentioned at J.V,37 are:nīla-ratta-set-uppala,ratta-seta-paduma,seta-kumuda,kalla-hāra.-- D.I,75; II,19; Vin.III,33 (°gandha); J.II,443; Dh.55; Vv 32<sup>2</sup>; 35<sup>4</sup>; Pv.II,1<sup>20</sup>; III,10<sup>5</sup>; DhA.I,384 (nīl°); III,394 (id.); ThA.254,255; VvA.132,161.‹-› What is meant by <i>uppala-patta</i> (lotus-leaf?) at Vin.IV,261? (Page 152),6,1
  14211. 448773,en,15,uppalaka,uppalaka,Uppalaka,Uppalaka,[uppala + ka] “lotus-like”,N.of a hell (cp.BSk.utpala at Divy 67 etc.) A.V,173.See also puṇḍarika.(Page 152),8,1
  14212. 448818,en,15,uppalaseti,uppaḷāseti,Uppaḷāseti,Uppaḷāseti,[ud + pra + <em>las</em>,cp.Sk.samullāsayati in same meaning] to sound out or forth,to make sound Miln.21 (dhamma-saṅkhaṁ).Reading at D.II,337 is <i>upaḷāseti</i> in same meaning.(Page 152),10,1
  14213. 448851,en,15,uppalin,uppalin,Uppalin,Uppalin,(adj.-n.) [fr.uppala] having lotuses rich in l.,only in f.<i>uppalinī</i> a lotus-pond D.I,75; II,38; S.I,138; A.III,26; Vv 32<sup>2</sup>; DA.I,219.(Page 152),7,1
  14214. 448873,en,15,uppandana,uppaṇḍanā,Uppaṇḍanā,Uppaṇḍanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ut + <em>paṇd</em> or unknown etym.] ridiculing,mocking Miln.357; Vism.29; PugA 250 (°kathā).(Page 151),9,1
  14215. 448893,en,15,uppandeti,uppaṇḍeti,Uppaṇḍeti,Uppaṇḍeti,[ut + <em>paṇḍ</em>,of uncertain origin] to ridicule,mock,to deride,make fun of Vin.I,216,272,293; IV,278; A.III,91 = Pug.67 (ūhasati ullapati +); J.V,288,300; DhA.II,29; III,41; PvA.175 (avamaññati +).‹-› Note.The BSk.utprāsayati at Divy 17 represents the P.uppaṇḍeti &#38; must somehow be a corruption of the latter (vv.ll.at Divy 17 are utprāśayati,utprāṇayati &#38; utprāśrayati).(Page 151),9,1
  14216. 448941,en,15,uppanduppandukajata,uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāta,Uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāta,Uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāta,(adj.) [redupl.intens.formation; ud + paṇḍu + ka + jāta; paṇḍu yellowish.The word is evidently a corruption of something else,perhaps upapaṇṇḍuka,upa in meaning of “somewhat like”,cp.upanīla,upanibha etc.and reading at Pv.II,1<sup>13</sup> upakaṇḍakin.The latter may itself be a corruption,but is expl<sup>d.</sup> at PvA.72 by upakaṇḍaka-jāta “shrivelled up all over,nothing but pieces (?)”.The trsl<sup>n.</sup> is thus doubtful; the BSk.is the P.form retranslated into utpāṇḍuka Divy 334,463,and trsl<sup>d.</sup> “very pale”] “having become very pale” (?),or “somewhat pale” (?),with dubbaṇṇa in Khp,A 234,and in a stock phrase of three different settings,viz.(1) kiso lūkho dubbaṇṇo upp° dhamani-santhata-gatto Vin.I,276; III,19,110; M.II,121; distorted to BSk.bhīto utp°.kṛśāluko durbalako mlānako at Divy 334.-- (2) kiso upp°.J.VI,71; DhA.IV,66.-- (3) upp° dhamanisanth° J.I,346; II,92; V,95; DhA.I,367.Besides in a doubtful passage at Pv.II,1<sup>12</sup> (upakaṇḍakin,v.l.uppaṇḍ° BB.),expl<sup>d.</sup> at PvA.72 “upakaṇḍakajāta”,vv.ll.uppaṇḍaka° and uppaṇḍupaṇḍuka°.(Page 151),19,1
  14217. 448951,en,15,uppanna,uppanna,Uppanna,Uppanna,[pp.of uppajjati] born,reborn,arisen,produced,D.I,192 (lokaṁ u.born into the world); Vin.III,4; Sn.55 °ñāṇa; see Nd<sup>2</sup> 168),998; J.I,99; Pv.II,2<sup>2</sup> (pettivisayaṁ); Dhs.1035,1416; Vbh.12,17,50,319; 327; DhA.III,301; PvA.21 (petesu),33,144,155.-- <i>anuppanna</i> not arisen M.II,11; not of good class D.I,97 (see DA.I,267).(Page 152),7,1
  14218. 449401,en,15,uppataka,uppāṭaka,Uppāṭaka,Uppāṭaka,[fr.ud + <em>paṭ</em> in meaning of “biting,stinging”] an insect,vermin S.I,170 (santhāro °ehi sañchanno “a siesta-couch covered by vermin swarm” trsl<sup>d.</sup> p.215 &#38; note).(Page 152),8,1
  14219. 449428,en,15,uppatana,uppāṭana,Uppāṭana,Uppāṭana,(nt.) [fr.ud + <em>paṭ</em>] pulling out,uprooting,destroying,skinning J.I,454; II,283; VI,238; Miln.166; PvA.46 (kes°); Sdhp.140 (camm°).Cp.sam°.(Page 152),8,1
  14220. 449435,en,15,uppatanaka,uppāṭanaka,Uppāṭanaka,Uppāṭanaka,(adj.) [fr.uppāṭana] pulling up,tearing out,uprooting J.I,303 (°vāta); IV,333 (id.).(Page 152),10,1
  14221. 449478,en,15,uppatati,uppatati,Uppatati,Uppatati,[ud + patati] to fly or rise up into the air; to spring upwards,jump up; 3<sup>rd</sup> sq.pret.<i>udapatta</i> [Sk.*udapaptat] J.III,484 (so read for °patto, &#38; change si to pi); ger.<i>uppatitvā</i> J.III,484; IV,213; PvA.103,215; and <i>uppacca</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>uppatita</i> (q.v.).(Page 151),8,1
  14222. 449503,en,15,uppateti,uppāṭeti,Uppāṭeti,Uppāṭeti,[Sk.utpāṭayati,Caus.uf ud + <em>paṭ</em> to split,cp.also BSk.utpāṭayati nidhānaṇ to dig out a treasure Av.Ś I.294] to split,tear asunder; root out,remove,destroy Vin.II,151 (chaviṁ to skin); M.II,110 (attānaṁ); Th.2,396 (ger.uppāṭiyā = °pāṭetvā ThA.259); J.I,281 (bījāni); IV,162,382; VI,109 (= luñcati); Miln.86; DhA.III,206.‹-› Caus.<i>uppāṭāpeti</i> in pp.<i>uppāṭāpita</i> caused to be torn off DhA.III,208.See also <i>upphāleti</i>.(Page 152),8,1
  14223. 449524,en,15,uppatha,uppatha,Uppatha,Uppatha,[Sk.utpatha,ud + patha] a wrong road or course D.I,10 (°gamana,of planets); S.I,38,43; J.V,453; VI,235; DhA.III,356 (°cāra).(Page 151),7,1
  14224. 449577,en,15,uppatipatiya,uppaṭipāṭiyā,Uppaṭipāṭiyā,Uppaṭipāṭiyā,[Abl.of uppaṭipāṭi,ud + paṭipāṭi] lit.“out of reach”,i.e.in a distance J.I,89; or impossible Vism.96 (ekapañho pi u.āgato nâhosi not one question was impossible to be understood).As tt.g.“with reference to the preceding”,supra Vism.272; SnA 124,128; DhsA.135 (T.°paṭipāṭika).(Page 151),12,1
  14225. 449586,en,15,uppatita,uppatita,Uppatita,Uppatita,[pp.of uppatati] jumped up,arisen,come about Sn.1 (= uddhamukhaṁ patitaṁ gataṁ SnA 4),591; Dh.222 (= uppanna DhA.III,301); Th.1,371.(Page 151),8,1
  14226. 449653,en,15,uppatti,uppatti,Uppatti,Uppatti,(f.) [Vedic utpatti,ud + <em>pad</em>] coming forth,product,genesis,origin,rebirth,occasion A.II,133 (°paṭilābhikāni sanyojanāni); Vbh.137 (°bhava),411; cp.Compendium,262 f.(khaṇa); Miln.127 (°divasa); Vism,571 sq.(°bhava,9 fold:kāma° etc.); SnA 46,159,241,254,312,445; PvA.144,215.On uppatti deva see deva and upapatti.‹-› See also aṭṭhuppatti,dānuppatti.(Page 151),7,1
  14227. 449828,en,15,upphaleti,upphāleti,Upphāleti,Upphāleti,[Caus.of ud + <em>phal</em>] to cut,rip or split open Vin.I,276 (udara-cchaviṁ upphāletvā; v.l.uppāṭetvā,perhaps preferable).(Page 152),9,1
  14228. 449834,en,15,upphasulika,upphāsulika,Upphāsulika,Upphāsulika,(adj.) [ud + phāsulikā for phāsukikā = phāsuka a rib] “with ribs out”,i.e.with ribs showing,emaciated,thin,“skinny” Pv.II,1<sup>1</sup> (= uggata-phāsuka PvA.68); IV,10<sup>1</sup> (MSS.uppā°); ThA.133 (spelt uppā°).(Page 152),11,1
  14229. 449840,en,15,uppila,uppīḷa,Uppīḷa,Uppīḷa,(adj.) [ud + <em>pīḍ</em>] oppressing or oppressed:<i>an°</i> free from oppression,not hurt or destroyed D.I,135 (opp.sa-uppīḷa; T.upapīḷa but v.l.upp°); J.III,443; V,378; PvA.161.(Page 152),6,1
  14230. 449891,en,15,uppilavati,uppilavati,Uppilavati,Uppilavati,( &#38; Uplavati) [Sk.utplavati,ud + <em>plu</em>,cp.utplutya jumping up,rising Sp.Av.Ś I.209] -- 1.to emerge (out of water),to rise,float S.IV,313 (uplava imper.); Miln.80,379; VvA.47 (uplavitvā,v.l.uppalavitvā); DA.I,256 (v.l.upari lavati).-- 2.to jump up,frisk about,to be elated or buoyant J.II,97 (cp.Morris J P T S.1887,139); Miln.370.-- See also upaplavati,uplāpeti &#38; ubbillāvita etc.(Page 152),10,1
  14231. 449936,en,15,uppileti,uppīḷeti,Uppīḷeti,Uppīḷeti,[ud + <em>pīḍ</em> for ava + <em>pīḍ</em>,cp.uplāpeti = opilāpeti, &#38; opīḷeti] -- 1.to press (down) on to,to hold (tight) to (with Acc.),to cover up or close M.I,539 (piṭṭhi-pāṇiṁ hanukena); J I 483 (hatthena akkhīni); II,245 (hatthikumbhe mukhaṁ); V,293 (aggalaṁ); ThA.188.-- 2.to stampede VvA.83 (paṭhaviṁ).(Page 152),8,1
  14232. 449952,en,15,uppilita,uppīḷita,Uppīḷita,Uppīḷita,[pp.of uppīḷeti] pressed J.VI,3.(Page 152),8,1
  14233. 449962,en,15,upplavana,upplavana,Upplavana,Upplavana,at DhA.I,309 remains to be explained,T.faulty.(Page 152),9,1
  14234. 449971,en,15,uppotheti,uppoṭheti,Uppoṭheti,Uppoṭheti,[ud + poṭheti] to beat PvA.4.(Page 152),9,1
  14235. 449984,en,15,ura,ura,Ura,Ura,(m.nt.) &#38; <i>Uro</i> (nt.) [Sk.uras] -- 1.the breast,chest.-- Cases after the nt.s.-declension are Instr.<i>urasā</i> Th.1,27; Sn.609; &#38; Loc.<i>urasi</i> Sn.255; J.III,148; IV,118,also <i>urasiṁ</i> J.III,386 (= urasmiṁ C.).Other cases of nt.a-stem,e.g.Instr.urena J.III,90; PvA.75; Loc.ure D.I,135; J.I,156,433,447; PvA.62 (ure jāta; cp.orasa).-- Vin.II,105 (contrasted with piṭṭhi back); IV,129; J.IV,3; V,159,202; Nd<sup>2</sup> 659; Pv IV.10<sup>8</sup>; DhA.III,175; DA.I,254; DhsA.321; PvA.62,66.-- <i>uraṁ deti</i> (with Loc.) to put oneself on to something with one’s chest,fig.to apply oneself to J.I,367,401,408; III,139,455; IV,219; V,118,278.-- 2.(appl<sup>d.</sup>) the base of a carriage pole Vv 63<sup>28</sup> (= īsāmūla VvA.269).<br><br> <i>--ga</i> going on the chest,creeping,i.e.a snake S.I,69; Sn.1,604; J.I,7; IV,330; VI,208; Vv 80<sup>8</sup>; Pv.I,12<sup>1</sup> (= urena gacchati ti urago sappass’etaṁ adhivacanaṁ PvA.63); PvA.61,67.<i>--cakka</i> an iron wheel (put on the chest),as an instrument of torture in Niraya J.I,363,414.<i>--cchada</i> “breast cover”,breast plate (for ornament) Vin.II,10; J.IV,3; V,215,409; VI,480; ThA.253.<i>--ttāḷi</i> beating one’s breast (as a sign of mourning &#38; sorrow) M.I,86,136; A.II,188; III,54,416; IV,293; PvA.39.<i>--tthala</i> the breast A.II,174.(Page 155),3,1
  14236. 449995,en,15,urabbha,urabbha,Urabbha,Urabbha,[Sk.urabhra,with ulā &#38; uraṇa to be compared with Gr.a]rήn wether,cp.Hom.εί ros wool; Lat.vervex; Ags.waru = E.ware (orig.sheepskins) = Ger.ware.Here also belongs P.urāṇī] a ram D.I,127; A.I,251 sq.; II,207; IV,41 sq.; J.V,241; Pug.56; DA.I,294; DhA.II,6.See also <i>orabbhika</i>.(Page 155),7,1
  14237. 450088,en,15,urani,urāṇī,Urāṇī,Urāṇī,(f.) [or uraṇī?,f.of uraṇa,see urabbha] an ewe J.V,241 (= urāṇikā C.); v.l.uraṇī &#38; uraṇikā.(Page 155) ,5,1
  14238. 450146,en,15,uru,uru,Uru,Uru,(adj.) [cp.Av.ravah space; Gr.eu)rus wide; Lat.rūs free or wide space,field; Idg.*ru,*uer wide,to which also Goth.rūms space = Ags.rūm,E.room,Ger.raum] wide,large; excellent,eminent J.V,89; Miln.354; Sdhp.345,592.-- pl.<i>urū</i> sands,soil J.V,303.(Page 155) ,3,1
  14239. 450160,en,15,uru,ūru,Ūru,Ūru,[Vedic ūru; cp.Lat.vārus bow-legged,of Idg.*ǔā,to which also Ohg.wado = Ger.wade calf of leg] the thigh Sn.610; Vin.II,105 (in contrast with bāha); III,106; J.I,277; II,275,443; III,82; V,89,155; Nd<sup>2</sup> 659 (so read for uru); Vv 64<sup>13</sup>; DA.I,135 = Vin.II,190.<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhi(ka)(=ūruṭṭhi)</i> the thigh bone M.I,58; III,92; J.I,428 (ūraṭṭhika); KhA 49,50 (ūraṭṭhi).<i>--(k)khambha</i> stiffening or rigidity of the thigh,paralysis of the leg (as symptom of fright) M.I,237; J.V,23.(Page 159) ,3,1
  14240. 450182,en,15,urulhava,urūḷhava,Urūḷhava,Urūḷhava,(adj.) [doubtful,prob.for urūḷhavant,with affix vant to a pp.formed with ud°.The word is taken by Kern,Toev.s.v.as ud-ūḷha of <em>vah</em> (with d for r).The well accredited (and older) variant <i>ubbuḷhavā</i> is expl<sup>d.</sup> (see Kern,s.v.) as pp.of ud + <i>bṛh<sup>2</sup></i>,cp.upabrūhana.Perhaps we have to consider this as the legitimate form urūḷhava as its corruption.Morris,J.P.T.S.1887,141 takes urūḷhavā as ud + rūḷha,pp.of <i>ruh</i> (with r.for rr = dr),thus “overgrown”] large,bulky,immense; great,big,strong.Only in one stock phrase “nāgo isādanto urūḷhavo” Vv 20<sup>9</sup>,43<sup>9</sup>; J.VI,488; of which variant n.ī.ubbuḷhavā M.I,414 = 450.The word is expl<sup>d.</sup> at J.VI,488 by “ubbāhana-samattha”; at VvA.104 (pl.urṳḷhavā) by “thāmajava-parakkamehi byūhanto (v.l.brahmanto) mahantaṁ yuddha-kiccaṁ vahituṁ samatthā ti attho”.The BSk.<i>udviddha</i> (Divy 7) may possibly be a corruption of ubbūḷha.(Page 155) ,8,1
  14241. 450195,en,15,urunda,urundā,Urundā,Urundā,(f.) [ura + undā?] freedom of the chest,free breathing,relief D.II,269 (v.l.uruddhā perhaps preferable,for ura + uddharana lifting or raising the chest).(Page 155) ,6,1
  14242. 450265,en,15,usa,usā,Usā,Usā,(f.) [doubtful] (a certain) food J.VI,80.(Page 156) ,3,1
  14243. 450273,en,15,usa,ūsa,Ūsa,Ūsa,[Sk.ūṣa] salt-ground; saline substance,always comb<sup>d.</sup> with khāra S III 131 (°gandha); A.I,209.(Page 159) ,3,1
  14244. 450285,en,15,usabha,usabha,Usabha,Usabha,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [= usabha<sup>1</sup>,in special application (?)] a certain measure of length,consisting of 20 yaṭṭhis (see yaṭṭhi) or 140 cubits J.I,64 (eight),70 (id.); II,91; IV,17 (one),142 (eight); DhA.I,108 (°mattaṁ).(Page 156) ,6,1
  14245. 450286,en,15,usabha,usabha,Usabha,Usabha,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic ṛṣabha; Av.aršan male,Gr.a)ρshn,a)ρrhn masculine,to Idg.<i>*eres </i>&<i> *rēs</i> to wet,sprinkle (with semen),as also in Sk.rasa juice,rasā wet,liquid,Lat.rōs dew.A parallel root *ueres in Sk.varṣa rain,Gr.e)ρsh dew; Sk.vṛṣan &#38; vṛṣabha bull] a bull; often fig.as symbol of manliness and strength (cp.nisabha) D.I,6 (°yuddha bull-fight),9 (°lakkhaṇa signs on a b.),127; Vin.III,39 (puris° “bull of a man”,a very strong man); A.I,188; II,207; IV,41 sq.376; V,347,350; Sn.26 sq.416,646,684; Dh.422; J.I,28 (V.203; °kkhandha broadshouldered),336; V,99 (bharatûsabha); VI,136; Pug.56; Vism.153 (°camma,in simile); DhA.I,396; SnA 226,333; KhA 144; PvA.163; VvA.85.-- The comp<sup>n.</sup> forms of usabha are <i>āsabha</i>,<i> isabha</i> (in nisabha) &#38; <i>esabha</i> (q.v.).The relations between usabha,vasabha &#38; nisabha are discussed at SnA 40.(Page 156) ,6,1
  14246. 450366,en,15,usara,ūsara,Ūsara,Ūsara,(adj.) [Sk.ūṣara,fr.ūṣa] saline S.IV,315; A.IV,237; DhsA.243.-- nt.°ṁ a spot with saline soil PvA.139 (gloss for ujjhaṅgala).(Page 159) ,5,1
  14247. 450390,en,15,usira,usīra,Usīra,Usīra,(m. &#38; nt.) [Sk.uśīra] the fragrant root of Andropogon Muricatum (cp.bīraṇa) Vin.I,201; II,130 (°mayā vijanī); S.II,88 (°nāḷi); A.II,199 (id.); Dh.337; J.V,39; Th.1,402 (°attho).(Page 156) ,5,1
  14248. 450428,en,15,usma,usmā,Usmā,Usmā,(f.) [see usumā] heat D.II,335,338; M.I,295; S.II,III,143; IV,215,294; V,212; Dhs.964; DA.I,310.-- In comb<sup>n.</sup> with <i>°kata</i> it appears as <i>usmī°</i>,e.g.at M I 132,258.<br><br> <i>--gata</i> heated,belonging to heat Dhs.964; as tt.one who mortifies or chastises himself,an ascetic J.V,209 (= samaṇateja C.; cp.BSk.uṣṇagata &#38; uṣmagata Divy 166,240,271.469, &#38; see Kern’s mistakes at Toev.s.v.).(Page 156) ,4,1
  14249. 450474,en,15,ussa,ussa,Ussa,Ussa,(adj.) [der.fr.ud = *ud-s(y)a,in analogy to oma fr.ava; but taken by Kern,Toev.s.v.as an abbreviated ussada] superior,higher (opp.oma inferior) A.III,359; Sn.860 (= Nd<sup>1</sup> 251 with spelling ossa),954.(Page 156) ,4,1
  14250. 450483,en,15,ussada,ussada,Ussada,Ussada,[most likely to ud + <em>syad</em><i>;</i> see ussanna]:this word is beset with difficulties,the phrase satt-ussada is applied in all kinds of meanings,evidently the result of an original application &#38; meaning having become obliterated.satt° is taken as *sapta (seven) as well as *sattva (being),ussada as prominence,protuberance,fulness,arrogance.The meanings may be tabulated as follows:(1) prominence (cp.Sk.utsedha),used in characterisation of the Nirayas,as “projecting,prominent hells”,ussadanirayā (but see also below 4) J.I,174; IV,3,422 (pallaṅkaṁ,v.l.caturassạṁ,with four corners); V,266.-- adj.prominent ThA.13 (tej-ussadehi ariyamaggadhammehi,or as below 4?).-- 2.protuberance,bump,swelling J.IV,188; also in phrase <i>sattussada</i> having 7 protuberances,a qualification of the Mahāpurisa D.III,151 (viz.on both hands,feet,shoulders,and on his back).-- 3.rubbing in,anointing,ointment; adj.anointed with (-°),in candan° J.III,139; IV,60; Th.1,267; Vv 53<sup>7</sup>; DhA.I,28; VvA.237.-- 4.a crowd adj.full of (-°) in phrase <i>sattussada</i> crowded with (human beings) D.I,87 (cp.DA.I,245:aneka-satta-samākiṇṇa; but in same sense BSk.<i>sapt-</i>otsada Divy 620,621); Pv IV.1<sup>8</sup> (of Niraya = full of beings,expl<sup>d.</sup> by sattehi ussanna uparûpari nicita PvA.221.-- 5.qualification,characteristic,mark,attribute,in <i>catussada</i> “having the four qualifications (of a good village)” J.IV,309 (viz.plenty of people,corn,wood and water C.).The phrase is evidently shaped after D.I,87 (under 4).As “preponderant quality,characteristic” we find <i>ussada</i> used at Vism.103 (cf.Asl.267) in comb<sup>ns.</sup> lobh°,dos°,moh°,alobh° etc.(quoted from the “Ussadakittana”),and similarly at VvA.19 in Dhammapāla’s definition of <i>manussa</i> (lobh’ādīhi alobh’ādīhi sahitassa manassa ussannatāya manussā),viz.sattā manussa-jātikā tesu lobh’‹-› ādayo alobh’ādayo ca <i>ussadā</i>.-- 6.(metaph.) self-elevation,arrogance,conceit,haughtiness Vin.I,3; Sn.515,624 (an° = taṇhā-ussada-abhāvena SnA 467),783 (expl<sup>d.</sup> by Nd<sup>1</sup> 72 under formula <i>sattussada;</i> i.e.showing 7 bad qualities,viz.rāga,dosa,moha etc.),855.-- See also <i>ussādana</i>,<i> ussādeti</i> etc.(Page 157) ,6,1
  14251. 450492,en,15,ussada,ussāda,Ussāda,Ussāda,[fr.ussādeti] throwing up on DA.I,122.(Page 157) ,6,1
  14252. 450504,en,15,ussadaka,ussadaka,Ussadaka,Ussadaka,(adj.) [fr.ussada 4] over-full,overflowing A.III,231,234 (°jāta,of a kettle,with vv.ll.ussuraka° &#38; ussuka°).(Page 157) ,8,1
  14253. 450515,en,15,ussadana,ussādana,Ussādana,Ussādana,(nt.) [to ussādeti,cp.ussādita] -- 1.overflowing,piling up,abundance M.III,230 (opp.apasādana).-- 2.(probably confused with ussāraṇa) tumult,uproar,confusion A.III,91,92 (v.l.ussāraṇa) = Pug.66 (= hatthiassarathâdīnaṁ c’eva balakāyassa ca uccāsadda-mahāsaddo Pug.A 249).(Page 157) ,8,1
  14254. 450557,en,15,ussadeti,ussādeti,Ussādeti,Ussādeti,[denom.fr.ussada 1] -- 1.to dismiss D.III,128 [for ussāreti<sup>1</sup>] -- 2.to raise,cause to rise up on,haul up,pile up M.I,135; III,230; A.IV,198,201; Miln.187,250.-- Pass.ussādiyati (q.v.).-- pp.ussādita (q.v.).(Page 157) ,8,1
  14255. 450565,en,15,ussadita,ussādita,Ussādita,Ussādita,[fr.ussādeti,BSk.ucchrāyita Divy 76,77,466].[See ussāpita &#38; ussārita under ussāpeti &#38; ussāreti.There exists in Pāli as well as in BSk.a confusion of different roots to express the notion of raising,rising,lifting &#38; unfolding,viz.sṛ,syad,śri,sad,chad.(See ussada,ucchādana,ussādeti,ussāpeti,ussāreti)].(Page 157) ,8,1
  14256. 450569,en,15,ussadiyati,ussādiyati,Ussādiyati,Ussādiyati,[Pass.med.of ussādeti,cp.ussada 4] to be in abundance,to be over Vin.II,167.(Page 157) ,10,1
  14257. 450585,en,15,ussaha,ussāha,Ussāha,Ussāha,[Sk.utsāha &#38; utsaha,see ussahati] strength,power,energy; endeavour,good-will M.II,174; S.V,440; A.I,147; II,93,195; III,75,307; IV,320; V,93 sq.; Miln.323,329 (dhiti +) Vism.330; Sdhp.49,223,535,619; SnA 50; DhA.III,394; PvA.31,106,166; VvA.32,48.-- In exegetical literature often comb<sup>d.</sup> with the quâsi synonym <i>ussoḷhi</i> e.g.at Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.; Dhs.13,22,289,571.(Page 158) ,6,1
  14258. 450631,en,15,ussahana,ussāhana,Ussāhana,Ussāhana,(f.) [fr.ussahati cp.BSk.utsahana Divy 490] = ussāha Nett 8.(Page 158) ,8,1
  14259. 450684,en,15,ussahati,ussahati,Ussahati,Ussahati,[ud + sah,cp.BSk.utsaha Jtm 215; utsahetavya Divy 494; utsahana Divy 490; ucchahate for utsahate Av.Ś II.21] to be able,to be fit for,to dare,venture Vin.I,47,83; II,208; III,17; D.I,135; S.IV,308,310; Miln.242; VvA.100.-- Caus.ussāheti (see pp.ussāhita).(Page 157) ,8,1
  14260. 450741,en,15,ussahita,ussāhita,Ussāhita,Ussāhita,[pp.of ussāheti,Caus.of ussahati] determined,incited,encouraged,urged J.I,329; VvA.109; PvA.201.Cp.sam°.(Page 158) ,8,1
  14261. 450761,en,15,ussajjati,ussajjati,Ussajjati,Ussajjati,[ud + <em>sṛj</em>,cp.BSk.protsṛjati Divy 587] to dismiss,set free,take off,hurl A.IV,191.(Page 157) ,9,1
  14262. 450773,en,15,ussakkati,ussakkati,Ussakkati,Ussakkati,<sup>2</sup> [by-form of ussukkati] to endeavour Vism.437; VvA.95 (Caus.II.ussakkāpesi),214.(Page 156) ,9,1
  14263. 450774,en,15,ussakkati,ussakkati,Ussakkati,Ussakkati,<sup>1</sup> [ud + sakkati,see sakkati] to creep out or up to,to rise A.III,241 sq; Miln.260.(Page 156) ,9,1
  14264. 450790,en,15,ussankha,ussaṅkha,Ussaṅkha,Ussaṅkha,(adj.) [ud + saṅkha] with ankles midway (?) in <i>°pāda</i> the 7<sup>th</sup> of the characteristics of a Mahāpurisa D.II,17; III,143,154; DA.explains:the ankles are not over the heels,but midway in the length of the foot.(Page 157) ,8,1
  14265. 450803,en,15,ussankin,ussaṅkin,Ussaṅkin,Ussaṅkin,(adj.) [fr.ud + <em>śaṅk</em>] distrustful,fearful,anxious Vin.II,192.(Page 157) ,8,1
  14266. 450808,en,15,ussankita,ussaṅkita,Ussaṅkita,Ussaṅkita,(adj.) [pp.of ud + <em>śaṅk</em>] = ussaṅkin A.III,128; DhA.III,485 (+ pari°; cp.ā°).(Page 157) ,9,1
  14267. 450818,en,15,ussanna,ussanna,Ussanna,Ussanna,(adj.) [pp.of ud + <em>syad</em>,cp.abhisanna] -- 1.overflowing,heaped up,crowded; extensive,abundant,preponderant,excessive,full of (°-) Vin.I,285 (cīvaraṁ u.overstocked; II,270 (āmisaṁ too abundant); III,286; Th.2,444 (= upacita ThA.271); J.I,48,145 °kusalamūla); DhA.I,26 (id.); (lobho etc.) Asl.267; Miln.223 (id.); J.I,336 (kāla,fulfilled); III,418; IV,140; Pv III,5<sup>1</sup> (°puñña,cp.PvA.197); PvA.71 (°pabhā thick glow).Cp.<i>accussanna</i>.-- 2.anointed VvA.237.-- 3.spread out,wide DhA.II,67 (mahāpaṭhavī u.),72 (id.).(Page 157) ,7,1
  14268. 450868,en,15,ussannata,ussannatā,Ussannatā,Ussannatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.ussanna] accumulation,fulness,plenty Kvu 467 (where Kvu trsl<sup>n.</sup> p.275 gives ussadattā); VvA.18,19.(Page 157) ,9,1
  14269. 450888,en,15,ussapana,ussāpana,Ussāpana,Ussāpana,(nt.) [fr.ussāpeti] lifting up,raising,erecting,unfolding (of a flag or banner) A.IV,41; Nd<sup>2</sup> 503 (dhamma-dhajassa).(Page 157) ,8,1
  14270. 450928,en,15,ussapeti,ussāpeti,Ussāpeti,Ussāpeti,[Caus.of ud + &stodacute;ri,cp.BSk.ucchrāpayati Av.S.I,384,386,387; II,2] to lift up,erect,raise,exalt Vin.II,195; A.IV,43; J.II,219; IV,16; V,95 (chattaṁ); PvA.75 (id.); Miln.21; DhA.I,3; III 118 (kaṭṭhāni).-- pp.ussāpita &#38; ussita (q.v.).See also usseti.(Page 157) ,8,1
  14271. 450946,en,15,ussapita,ussāpita,Ussāpita,Ussāpita,[pp.of ussāpeti,cp.ussādita] lifted,raised,unfurled Miln.328 (dhamma-dhaja); J.II,219.(Page 157) ,8,1
  14272. 450972,en,15,ussarana,ussāraṇa,Ussāraṇa,Ussāraṇa,(nt.) [fr.ussāreti] procession,going or running about,tumult DhA.II,7 (so read for ossāraṇā).Cp.ussādana.(Page 157) ,8,1
  14273. 450989,en,15,ussarati,ussarati,Ussarati,Ussarati,[ud + sarati of <em>sṛ</em>] to run out,run away J.I,434 (imper.ussaratha); V,437.-- pp.ussaṭa (q.v.).-- Caus.ussāreti (q.v.).(Page 157) ,8,1
  14274. 451011,en,15,ussareti,ussāreti,Ussāreti,Ussāreti,<sup>2</sup> [= ussādeti] to cause to raise aloft (of a flag),to lift J.V,319 (= ussāpeti).-- pp.ussārita.(Page 157) ,8,1
  14275. 451012,en,15,ussareti,ussāreti,Ussāreti,Ussāreti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus.of ussarati] to cause to move back,to cause to go away or to recede Vin.I,32,46 (here a student,when folding up his master’s robe,has to make the corners move back a hand’s breadth each time.Then the crease or fold will change and not tend to wear through),276; II,237 (here the reading ussādeti may be preferred); J.I,419; IV,349; V,347.-- Caus.II.ussārāpeti J.II,290.(Page 157) ,8,1
  14276. 451026,en,15,ussarita,ussārita,Ussārita,Ussārita,[pp.of ussāreti<sup>2</sup>] lifted out or up Vism.63 (samuddavīcīhi thale ussārita; v.l.ussādita).(Page 157) ,8,1
  14277. 451031,en,15,ussasa,ussāsa,Ussāsa,Ussāsa,see <i>nirussāsa</i>.(Page 158) ,6,1
  14278. 451040,en,15,ussata,ussaṭa,Ussaṭa,Ussaṭa,[pp.of ud + sarati of <em>sṛ</em>,cp.saṭa for *sūta] run away M.II,65.(Page 157) ,6,1
  14279. 451049,en,15,ussava,ussava,Ussava,Ussava,[Sk.utsava] feast,making merry,holiday Vin.III,249; J.I,475; II,13,248; VvA.7,109 (°divasa).(Page 157) ,6,1
  14280. 451058,en,15,ussava,ussāva,Ussāva,Ussāva,<sup>2</sup> [fr.ud + sru] outflow,taint,stain (cp.āsava) DhA.IV,165 (taṇhā°; v.l.ussada,to ussada 6).(Page 157) ,6,1
  14281. 451059,en,15,ussava,ussāva,Ussāva,Ussāva,<sup>1</sup> [either = Sk.avaśyāya,or to ud + sru] hoarfrost,dew D.II,19; J.IV,120; V,417; °bindu a dew drop A.IV,137; Pv IV.1<sup>5</sup>; SnA 458; in comparisons:Vism.231,633.(Page 157) ,6,1
  14282. 451087,en,15,ussavana,ussāvana,Ussāvana,Ussāvana,(nt.) [= ussāpana] proclamation (of a building as legal store house); in <i>°antika</i> within the proclaimed limit Vin.I,239.(Page 157) ,8,1
  14283. 451112,en,15,ussaya,ussaya,Ussaya,Ussaya,in <i>°vādika</i> Vin.IV,224 is a variant of usuyya° “using envious language,quarrelsome”.-- Another ussaya [fr.ud + śri,cp.Sk.ucchrita,P.ussita &#38; ussāpeti] meaning “accumulation” is found in cpd.samussaya only.(Page 157) ,6,1
  14284. 451120,en,15,ussayapeti,ussayāpeti,Ussayāpeti,Ussayāpeti,see udassaye.(Page 157) ,10,1
  14285. 451138,en,15,usselheti,usseḷheti,Usseḷheti,Usseḷheti,(?) Vin.II,10 (for ussoḷh°?); cp.<i>ussoḷhikāya</i>.(Page 158) ,9,1
  14286. 451143,en,15,usseneti,usseneti,Usseneti,Usseneti,[denom.fr.ussena = ussayana,ud + <i>śri</i> (?)] to draw on to oneself,to be friendly S.III,89 (v.l.ussi°); A.II,214 sq.(opp.paṭisseneti); Ps.II,167 (ussi°); Kvu I.93 (reading ussineti + visineti).See also paṭiseneti.(Page 158) ,8,1
  14287. 451151,en,15,usseti,usseti,Usseti,Usseti,[ud + <i>śri</i>] to erect,raise,stand up J IV 302; aor.<i>ussesi</i> J.VI,203.-- Caus.<i>ussāpeti;</i> pp.<i>ussita </i>&<i> ussāpita</i> (q.v.).(Page 158) ,6,1
  14288. 451166,en,15,ussincana,ussiñcana,Ussiñcana,Ussiñcana,(nt.) [fr.ussiñcati] drying,baling out,raising water,exhausting J.I,417.(Page 158) ,9,1
  14289. 451176,en,15,ussincati,ussiñcati,Ussiñcati,Ussiñcati,[ud + <em>sic</em>] to bale out,exhaust J.I,450,II.70; IV,16; Miln.261.(Page 158) ,9,1
  14290. 451207,en,15,ussisaka,ussīsaka,Ussīsaka,Ussīsaka,(nt.) [ud + sīsa + ka] the head of a bed,a pillow for the head J.I,266; II,410,443; IV,154; V,99; VI,32,37,56; DhA.I,184 (°passe,opp.pāda-passe).(Page 158) ,8,1
  14291. 451224,en,15,ussita,ussita,Ussita,Ussita,[Sk.ucchrita,pp.of ud + <em>sri</em>,see ussāpeti] erected,high S.V,228; Th.1,424 (pannaddhaja); J.V,386; Vv 84<sup>15</sup>; VvA.339.Cp.sam°.(Page 158) ,6,1
  14292. 451262,en,15,ussolhi,ussoḷhi,Ussoḷhi,Ussoḷhi,(f.) [a by-form of ussāha fr.ud + <i>sah</i>,pp.*soḍha dialectical] exertion M.I,103; S.II,132; V,440; A.II.93,195; III,307; IV,320; V,93 sq.Often comp<sup>d.</sup> with <i>ussāha</i> (q.v.).(Page 158) ,7,1
  14293. 451271,en,15,ussolhika,ussoḷhikā,Ussoḷhikā,Ussoḷhikā,(f.) [adj.of ussoḷhi] belonging to exertion,only in Instr.as adv.<i>ussoḷhikāya</i> “in the way of exertion”,i.e.ardently,keenly,eagerly S.I,170 (naccati).(Page 158) ,9,1
  14294. 451285,en,15,ussota,ussota,Ussota,Ussota,(adj.) [ud + sota] nt.<i>ussotaṁ</i> as adv.“up-stream” Miln.117.(Page 158) ,6,1
  14295. 451295,en,15,ussuka,ussuka,Ussuka,Ussuka,(adj.) [Sk.utsuka,also BSk.e.g.Jtm 31<sup>68</sup>] -- 1.endeavouring,zealous,eager,active S.I,15 (an° inactive); A.IV,266; Sn.298.-- 2.greedy,longing for Dh.199 (an°).(Page 158) ,6,1
  14296. 451304,en,15,ussukin,ussukin,Ussukin,Ussukin,(adj.) [fr.ussuka] greedy,longing; only neg.an° Pug.23.(Page 158) ,7,1
  14297. 451305,en,15,ussukita,ussukita,Ussukita,Ussukita,(adj.) = <i>ussukin;</i> only neg.<i>an°</i> free from greed VvA.74.(Page 158) ,8,1
  14298. 451313,en,15,ussukka,ussukka,Ussukka,Ussukka,(nt.) [*utsukya fr.ussuka; cp.BSk.utsukya Divy 601 and autsukya Av.Ś I.85] zeal,energy,endeavour,hard work,eagerness Vin.I,50; S.IV,288,291,302; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.Nett 29; VvA.147; PvA.5,135; Vism.90 (āpajjati); 644 (°ppahānaṁ).-- Cp.<i>appossukka</i>.(Page 158) ,7,1
  14299. 451366,en,15,ussukkata,ussukkatā,Ussukkatā,Ussukkatā,(f.) = <i>ussukka</i> A Y.195.(Page 158) ,9,1
  14300. 451373,en,15,ussukkati,ussukkati,Ussukkati,Ussukkati,[denom.fr.ussukka] to endeavour D.I,230.‹-› Caus.II.<i>ussukkāpeti</i> to practice eagerly,to indulge in,to perform VvA.95,98,243.See also <i>ussakkati</i>.(Page 158) ,9,1
  14301. 451396,en,15,ussura,ussūra,Ussūra,Ussūra,(adj) [ut + sūra] “sun-out”,the sun being out; i.e.after sunrise or after noon,adverbially in <i>°bhatta</i> eating after mid-day,unpunctual meals A.III,260,and <i>°seyyā</i> sleep after sunrise,sleeping late D.III,184; DhA.II,227.Besides as Loc.adv.<i>ussūre</i> the sun having been up (for a long time),i.e.at evening Vin I 293; IV,77; J.II,286,also in ati-ussūre too long after sunrise VvA.65; DhA.III,305.(Page 158) ,6,1
  14302. 451425,en,15,ussussati,ussussati,Ussussati,Ussussati,[ud + sussati of <em>śuṣ</em>] to dry up (intrs.) S.I,126; III,149 (mahāsamuddo u.); Sn.985; J.VI,195.(Page 158) ,9,1
  14303. 451436,en,15,ussuta,ussuta,Ussuta,Ussuta,(adj.) [pp.of ud + <em>sru</em>,cp.avassuta] defiled,lustful (cp.āsava),only neg.<i>an°</i> free from defilement Dh.400.(Page 158) ,6,1
  14304. 451438,en,15,ussuya,ussuyā,Ussuyā,Ussuyā,Ussuyaka,uss. (Page 158) ,6,1
  14305. 451452,en,15,usu,usu,Usu,Usu,(m. &#38; f) Sk.iṣu] an arrow Vin.III,106 (°loma); D.I,9; M.I,86; III,133; S.I,127; A.II,117; III,162; J.IV,416; VI,79,248,454; Miln.331,339; SnA 466; PvA.155.<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> an arrow-maker,fletcher M.II,105; Dh.80,145; Th.1,29; J.II,275; VI,66; DhA.I,288.(Page 156) ,3,1
  14306. 451482,en,15,usuma,usumā,Usumā,Usumā,(f.) [the diaeretic form of Sk.uṣman,of which the direct equivalent is P.usmā (q.v.)] heat J.I,31 (= uṇha III,55),243; II,433; Vism.172 (usuma-vaṭṭi-sadisa); DA.I,186; DhA.I,225; II,20.(Page 156) ,5,1
  14307. 451597,en,15,usuyya,usuyyā,Usuyyā,Usuyyā, &#38; Usūyā (f.) [Sk.asūyā] envy,jealousy,detraction S.I,127 (ū); Sn.245 (u); J.II,193 (ū); III,99 (ū; v.l.ussuyyā); Miln.402 (ū); Dhs.1121 (u); VvA.71 (u); SnA 332 (u).(Page 156) ,6,1
  14308. 451604,en,15,usuyyaka,usuyyaka,Usuyyaka,Usuyyaka,(adj.) [fr.usuyyā] envious,jealous Vin.II,190; Sn.318,325; J.II,192 (v.l.asuyy°); V,114.-- Note.The long vowel form <i>usūyaka</i> occurs in cpd.<i>abbhusūyaka</i> (q.v.).Spelling ussuyikā occurs at Vv 33<sup>21</sup> (see VvA.147).(Page 156) ,8,1
  14309. 451609,en,15,usuyyana,usuyyanā,Usuyyanā,Usuyyanā,(f.) &#38; Usuyyitatta (nt.) are exegetical abstr.formations of <i>usuyyā</i> (q.v.).Dhs.1121; Pug.19.(Page 156) ,8,1
  14310. 451614,en,15,usuyyati,usuyyati,Usuyyati,Usuyyati, &#38; Usūyati [Sk.asūyati; fr.usuyā envy] to be jealous or envious,to envy (with Acc.) Vin.I,242; J.III,27 (ppr.an-usuyyaṁ); Pv.II,3<sup>20</sup> (maṁ usūyasi = mayhaṁ issaṁ karosi PvA.87).(Page 156) ,8,1
  14311. 451622,en,15,ut,ut,Ut,Ut,(t)aṇḍa see <i>uddaṇḍa</i>.(Page 130) ,2,1
  14312. 451623,en,15,utagitam,ūtagītaṁ,Ūtagītaṁ,Ūtagītaṁ,at J.I,290 in phrase “jimaṁ ūtagītaṁ gāyanto” read “imaṁ jūtagītaṁ g.” (Page 158) ,8,1
  14313. 451635,en,15,utrasa,utrāsa,Utrāsa,Utrāsa,[= uttāsa] terror J.II,8 (citt°).(Page 132) ,6,1
  14314. 451674,en,15,utrasin,utrāsin,Utrāsin,Utrāsin,(adj.) [fr.*Sk.uttrāsa = P.uttāsa] terrified,frightened,fearful,anxious S.I,99,219.-- Usually neg.<i>an°</i> in phrase abhīru anutrāsin apalāyin without fear,steadfast &#38; not running away S.I,99; Th.1,864; Nd<sup>2</sup> 13; J.IV,296; V,4; Miln.339.See also apalāyin.(Page 132) ,7,1
  14315. 451680,en,15,utrasta,utrasta,Utrasta,Utrasta,[pp.of uttasati,also cp.uttasta] frightened,terrified,alarmed Vin.II,184; S.I,53,54 (an°); Sn.986; Miln.23; DhA.II,6 (°mānasa); PvA.243 (°citta),250 (°sabhāva).(Page 132) ,7,1
  14316. 451697,en,15,utta,utta,Utta,Utta,[pp.of <em>vac</em>,Sk.ukta; for which the usual form is <i>vutta</i> only as <i>dur°</i> speaking badly or spoken of badly,i.e.of bad repute A.II,117,143; III,163; Kh VIII,2; KhA 218.(Page 130) ,4,1
  14317. 451714,en,15,uttama,uttama,Uttama,Uttama,(adj.) [superl.of ud°,to which compar.is uttara.See etym.under ud°] “ut-most”,highest,greatest,best Sn.1054 (dhammaṁ uttamaṁ the highest ideal = Nibbāna,for which seṭṭhan Sn.1064; cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 317); Dh.56; Nd<sup>1</sup> 211; Nd<sup>2</sup> 502 (in paraphrase of mahā comb<sup>d.</sup> with pavara); KhA 124; DhA.I,430:PvA.1,50.-- dum-uttama a splendid tree Vv 39<sup>3</sup>; nar° the best of men Sn.1021 (= narāsabha of 996); pur° the most magnificent town Sn.1012; puris° the noblest man Th.1,629,1084; nt.<i>uttamaṁ</i> the highest ideal,i.e.Arahantship J.I,96.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> the best or most important limb or part of the body,viz.(a) the head Vin.II,256 = M.I,32 = A.IV,278 (in phrase uttamaṅge sirasmiṁ); J.II,163; also in cpd.°bhūta the hair of the head Th.2,253 (= kesa-kalāpa ThA.209,210) &#38; °ruha id.J.I,138 = VI,96 (= kesā C.); (b) the eye J.IV,403; (c) the penis J.V,197.<i>--attha</i> the highest gain or good (i.e.Arahantship SnA 332) Sn.324; Dh.386,403; DhA.IV,142; ThA.160.<i>--adhama</i> most contemptible J.V,394,437.<i>--guṇā</i> (pl.) loftiest virtues J.I,96.<i>--purisa</i> It.97 &#38; <i>--porisa</i> the greatest man (= mahāpurisa) Dh.97 (see DhA.II,188).<i>--bhāva</i> the highest condition,state or place DhA.II,188 (°ṁ patto = puris’‹-› uttamo).(Page 130) ,6,1
  14318. 451988,en,15,uttamata,uttamatā,Uttamatā,Uttamatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.uttama] highest amount,climax,limit DA.I,169 (for paramatā).(Page 131) ,8,1
  14319. 452057,en,15,uttana,uttāna,Uttāna,Uttāna,(adj.) [fr.ut + <em>tan</em>,see tanoti &#38; tanta] -- 1.streched out (flat),lying on one’s back,supine Vin.I,271 (mañcake uttānaṁ nipajjāpetvā making her lie back on the couch); II,215; J.I,205; Pv IV.10<sup>8</sup> (opp.avakujja); PvA.178 (id.),265.-- 2.clear,manifest,open,evident [cp.BSk.uttāna in same sense at Av.S.II,106] D.I,116; S.II,28 (dhammo uttāno vivaṭo pakāsito); J.II,168 (= pākaṭa); V,460; PvA.66,89,140,168.-- <i>anuttāna</i> unclear,not explained J.VI,247.-- The cpd.form (°-) of uttāna in comb<sup>n.</sup> with <em>kṛ </em>&<i> </i><em>bhū</em> is uttānī° (q.v.).-- 3.superficial,“flat”,shallow A.I,70 (parisa); Pug.46.<br><br> <i>--mukha</i> “clear mouthed”,speaking plainly,easily understood D.I,116 (see DA.I,287); DhA.IV,8.<i>--seyyaka</i> “lying on one’s back”,i.e.an infant M.I,432; A.III,6; Th.1,935; Miln.40; Vism.97 (°dāraka).(Page 131) ,6,1
  14320. 452068,en,15,uttanaka,uttānaka,Uttānaka,Uttānaka,(adj.) [fr.uttāna] -- 1.(= uttāna<sup>1</sup>) lying on one’s back J.VI,38 (°ṁ pātetvā); DhA.I,184.-- 2.(= uttāna<sup>2</sup>) clear,open D.II,55; M.I,340 = DhA.I,173.(Page 131) ,8,1
  14321. 452122,en,15,uttandala,uttaṇḍāla,Uttaṇḍāla,Uttaṇḍāla,(adj.) [ud + taṇḍula] “grainy”,i.e.having too many rice grains (of rice gruel),too thick or solid (opp.<i>atikilinna</i> too thin or liquid) J.I,340; III,383 (id.); IV,44 (id.).(Page 130) ,9,1
  14322. 452134,en,15,uttani,uttānī,Uttānī,Uttānī,(°-) [the comp<sup>n.</sup> form of uttāna in cpds.with <i>kṛ </i>&<i> bhū</i> cp.BSk.uttānī-karoti M Vastu III,408; uttānī-kṛta Av.Ś I.287; II,151] open,manifest etc.in <i>°kamma</i> (uttāni°) declaration,exposition,manifestation S.V,443; Pug.19; Vbh.259,358; Nett 5,8,9,38.-- <i>°karaṇa</i> id.SnA 445.-- <i>°karoti</i> to make clear or open,to declare,show up,confess (a sin) Vin.I,103; S.II,25,154; III,132,139; IV,166; V,261; A.I,286; III,361 sq.(Page 131) ,6,1
  14323. 452171,en,15,uttanta,uttanta,Uttanta,Uttanta,[= utrasta,is reading correct?] frightened,faint Vin.III,84.See <i>uttasta &#38; utrasta</i>.(Page 130) ,7,1
  14324. 452182,en,15,uttapeti,uttāpeti,Uttāpeti,Uttāpeti,[Caus.of uttapati] to heat,to cause pain,torment J.VI,161.(Page 132) ,8,1
  14325. 452195,en,15,uttara,uttara,Uttara,Uttara,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.uttarati] crossing over,to be crossed,in <i>dur°</i> difficult to cross or to get out of S.I,197 (not duruttamo); Miln.158; and in cpd.<i>°setu</i> one who is going to cross a bridge Miln.194 (cp.uttara-setu).(Page 131) ,6,1
  14326. 452196,en,15,uttara,uttara,Uttara,Uttara,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) compar.of ud°,q.v.for etym.; the superl.is uttama] -- 1.higher,high,superior,upper,only in cpds.J.II,420 (musal° with the club on top of him? Cy not clear,perhaps to uttara<sup>2</sup>); see also below.-- 2.northern (with disā region or point of compass) D.I,153; M.I,123; S.I,224; PvA.75.uttarāmukha (for uttaraṁmukha) turning north,facing north Sn.1010.-- 3.subsequent,following,second (°-) J.I,63 (°āsāḷha-nakkhatta).‹-› 4.over,beyond (-°):aṭṭh’utara-sata eight over a hundred,i.e.108; DhA.I,388.-- <i>sa-uttara</i> having something above or higher,having a superior i.e.inferior D.I,80 (citta),II.299; M.I,59; S.V,265; Vbh.324 (paññā); Dhs.1292,1596; DhsA.50.-- <i>anuttara</i> without a superior,unrivalled,unparalleled D.I,40; S.I,124; II,278; III,84; Sn.179.See also under <i>anuttara</i>.<br><br> <i>--attharaṇa</i> upper cover J.VI,253.<i>--âbhimukha</i> facing North D.II,15.<i>--āsaṅga</i> an upper robe Vin.I,289; II,126; S.I,81; IV,290; A.I,67,145; II,146; DhA.I,218; PvA.73; VvA.33 = 51.<i>--itara</i> something higher,superior D.I,45,156,174; S.I,81; J.I,364; DhA.II,60; IV,4.<i>--oṭṭha</i> the upper lip (opp.adhar°) J.II,420; III,26; IV,184.<i>--chada</i> a cover,coverlet,awning (sa° a carpet with awnings or canopy above it) D.I,7; A.I,181; III,50.<i>--chadana</i> = °chada D.II,187; DhA.I,87.<i>--dvāra</i> the northern gate J.VI,364.<i>--dhamma</i> the higher norm of the world (lok°),higher righteousness D.II,188 (paṭividdha-lok’uttara-dhammatāya uttama-bhāvaṁ patta).<i>--pāsaka</i> the (upper) lintel (of a door) Vin.II,120 = 148.<i>--pubba</i> north-eastern J.VI,518.<i>--sse</i> (v.l.°suve) on the day after tomorrow A.I,240.(Page 131) ,6,1
  14327. 452216,en,15,uttara,uttāra,Uttāra,Uttāra,[fr.ud + <em>tṛ</em> as in uttarati] crossing,passing over,<i>°setu</i> a bridge for crossing (a river) S.IV,174 = M.I,134; cp.uttara<sup>2</sup>.(Page 132) ,6,1
  14328. 452363,en,15,uttarana,uttaraṇa,Uttaraṇa,Uttaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.uttarati] bringing or moving out,saving,delivery Th.1,418; J.I,195.In BSk.uttaraṇa only in sense of crossing,overcoming,e.g.Jtm 31 <SUP>Q</SUP> (°setu).‹-› Cp.<i>uttara</i>.(Page 131) ,8,1
  14329. 452524,en,15,uttarati,uttarati,Uttarati,Uttarati,[ud + tarati<sup>1</sup>] -- 1.to come out of (water) Vin.II,221 (opp.otarati); J.I,108 (id.).-- 2.to go over,to flow over (of water),to boil over Miln.117,118,132,260,277.-- 3.to cross over,to go beyond M.I,135; aor.<i>udatāri</i> Sn.471 (oghaṁ).-- 4.to go over,to overspread J.V,204 (ger.uttariyāna = avattharitvā C.).-- pp.<i>otiṇṇa</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>uttareti</i> (q.v.).(Page 131) ,8,1
  14330. 452583,en,15,uttareti,uttāreti,Uttāreti,Uttāreti,[Caus.of uttarati] to make come out,to move or pull out J.I,194; SnA 349.-- pp.<i>uttārita</i> (q.v.).(Page 132) ,8,1
  14331. 452610,en,15,uttari,uttari,Uttari,Uttari,(°-) &#38; Uttariṁ (adv.) [comp<sup>n.</sup> form of uttara,cp.aṅgi-bhūta uttāni-karoti etc.] out,over,beyond; additional,moreover,further,besides.-- (1) <i>uttariṁ</i>:D.I,71; M.I,83; III,148; S.IV,15; Sn.796 (uttariṁ kurute = uttariṁ karoti Nd<sup>2</sup> 102,i.e.to do more than anything,to do best,to esteem especially); J.II,23; III,324; Miln.10 (ito uttariṁ anything beyond this,any more) DhA.IV,109 (bhaveti to cultivate especially; see vuttari); VvA.152.-- uttariṁ appaṭivijjhanto not going further in comprehension,i.e.reaching the highest degree of comprehension,Vism.314,referring to Ps.II,131,which is quoted at Miln.198,as the last of the 11 blessings of mettā.-- (2) <i>uttari°</i> in foll.cpds.<br><br> <i>--karaṇīya</i> an additional duty,higher obligation S.II,99; III,168; A.V,157 = 164; It.118.<i>--bhaṅga</i> an extra portion,tit-bit,dainties,additional or after-meal bits Vin.II,214; III,160; IV,259; J.II,419; DhA.I,214 sa-uttaribhaṅga together with dainty bits J.I,186,cp.196 (yāgu).<i>--bhaṅgika</i> serving as dainties J.I,196.<i>--manussa</i> beyond the power of men,superhuman,in cpd.°dhamma an order which is above man,extraordinary condition,transcendental norm,adj.of a transcendental character,miraculous,overwhelming Vin.I,209; II,112; III,105; IV,24; D.I,211; III,3,12,18; M.I,68; II,200; S.IV,290,300,337; A.III,430; V,88; DhA.III,480.<i>--sāṭaka</i> a further,i.e.upper or outer garment,cloak,mantle J.II,246; DhA.IV,200; PvA.48,49 (= uttarīyaṁ).(Page 131) ,6,1
  14332. 452644,en,15,uttarika,uttarika,Uttarika,Uttarika,(adj.) [fr.uttara] transcending,superior,superhuman Nett 50.(Page 131) ,8,1
  14333. 452738,en,15,uttarita,uttārita,Uttārita,Uttārita,[pp.of uttāreti] pulled out,brought or moved out J.I,194.(Page 132) ,8,1
  14334. 452764,en,15,uttaritatta,uttāritatta,Uttāritatta,Uttāritatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.uttārita] the fact of having or being brought or moved out J.I,195.(Page 132) ,11,1
  14335. 452780,en,15,uttariya,uttariya,Uttariya,Uttariya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.uttara; uttara + ya = Sk.*uttarya] -- 1.state of being higher.Cp.III,3<sup>5</sup>; neg.<i>an°</i> state of being unsurpassed (lit.with nothing higher),preeminence; see <i>anuttariya</i>.-- 2.an answer,rejoinder DhA.I,44 (karaṇ°-karaṇa).(Page 131) ,8,1
  14336. 452787,en,15,uttariya,uttarīya,Uttarīya,Uttarīya,(nt.) [fr.uttara] an outer garment,cloak PvI.10<sup>3</sup> (= uparivasanaṁ uparihāraṁ uttarisāṭakaṁ PvA.49); Dāvs III,30; ThA.253.(Page 131) ,8,1
  14337. 452820,en,15,uttasa,uttāsa,Uttāsa,Uttāsa,[Sk.uttrāsa,fr.ud + <em>tras</em>] terror,fear,fright D.III,148; S.V,386; Miln.170; PvA.180.(Page 132) ,6,1
  14338. 452836,en,15,uttasana,uttasana,Uttasana,Uttasana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.ud + <em>tras</em>,cp.uttāsana] frightening,fear J.I,414 (v.l.for uttasta).(Page 131) ,8,1
  14339. 452846,en,15,uttasana,uttāsana,Uttāsana,Uttāsana,(nt.) [fr.uttāseti<sup>2</sup>] impalement J.II,444; SnA 61 (sūle).(Page 132) ,8,1
  14340. 452869,en,15,uttasati,uttasati,Uttasati,Uttasati,<sup>2</sup> [ut + tasati<sup>2</sup>] -- 1.to frighten J.I,47 (v.267).‹-› to be alarmed or terrified Vin.I,74 (ubbijjati u.palāyati); III,145 (id.); J.II,384; VI,79; ppr.uttasaṁ Th.1,863; &#38; uttasanto Pv.II,2<sup>3</sup>.-- See utrasati.Caus.uttāseti (q.v.).‹-› pp.uttasta &#38; utrasta (q.v.).Cp.also uttanta.(Page 131) ,8,1
  14341. 452870,en,15,uttasati,uttasati,Uttasati,Uttasati,<sup>1</sup> [identical in form with next] only in Caus.<i>uttāseti</i> to impale,q.v.(Page 131) ,8,1
  14342. 452877,en,15,uttasavant,uttāsavant,Uttāsavant,Uttāsavant,(adj.) [uttāsa + <em>vant</em>] showing fear or fright,fearful S.III,16 sq.(Page 132) ,10,1
  14343. 452894,en,15,uttaseti,uttāseti,Uttāseti,Uttāseti,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Sk.uttaṁsayati in meaning to adorn with a wreath; ud + <em>taṁs</em> to shake,a variation of <em>tars</em> to shake,tremble] to impale A.I,48; J.I,230,326; II,443; III,34; IV,29.-- pp.<i>uttāsita</i> (q.v.).Cp.uttāsana.(Page 132) ,8,1
  14344. 452895,en,15,uttaseti,uttāseti,Uttāseti,Uttāseti,<sup>1</sup> [Caus of uttasati,ud + <em>tras</em>,of which <em>taṁs</em> is uttāseti<sup>2</sup> is a variant] to frighten,terrify J.I,230,385; II,117.(Page 132) ,8,1
  14345. 452913,en,15,uttasita,uttāsita,Uttāsita,Uttāsita,[pp.of uttāseti<sup>2</sup>] impaled Pv IV.1<sup>6</sup> (= āvuta āropita VvA.220); J.I,499; IV,29.(Page 132) ,8,1
  14346. 452931,en,15,uttasta,uttasta,Uttasta,Uttasta,[pp.of uttasati<sup>2</sup>; usual form utrasta (q.v.)] frightened,terrified,faint-hearted J.I,414 (°bhikkhu; v.l.uttasana°).(Page 131) ,7,1
  14347. 452942,en,15,uttatta,uttatta,Uttatta,Uttatta,[ud + tatta<sup>1</sup>,pp.of ud + <em>tap</em>,Sk.uttapta] heated; of metals:molten,refined; shining,splendid,pure J.VI,574 (hemaṁ uttattaṁ agginā); Vv 84<sup>17</sup>; Pv III,3<sup>2</sup> (°rūpa,so read for uggata°,reading correct at PvA.188 °singī); PvA.10 (°kanaka,T.uggatta°); Mhbv 25 (id.).(Page 130) ,7,1
  14348. 452970,en,15,uttepaka,uṭṭepaka,Uṭṭepaka,Uṭṭepaka,one who scares away (or catches?) crows (kāk°) Vin.I,79 (vv.ll.uṭṭhe°,uḍḍe°,uḍe°).See remarks on <i>uṭṭepeti</i>.(Page 129) ,8,1
  14349. 452972,en,15,uttepeti,uṭṭepeti,Uṭṭepeti,Uṭṭepeti,in phrase kāke u.“to scare crows away” (or to catch them in snares?) at Vin.I,79.Reading doubtful &#38; should probably be read uḍḍepeti (? Caus.of uḍḍeti = oḍḍeti,or of uḍḍeti to make fly away).The vv.ll.given to this passage are uṭṭeceti,upaṭṭhāpeti,uḍḍoyeti.See also <i>uṭṭepaka</i>.(Page 129) ,8,1
  14350. 452978,en,15,utthahaka,uṭṭhāhaka,Uṭṭhāhaka,Uṭṭhāhaka,(adj.) [for uṭṭhāyaka after analogy of gāhaka etc.] = uṭṭhāyaka J.V,448; f.<i>°ikā</i> A.III,38 (v.l.°āyikā); IV,266 sq.(Page 129) ,9,1
  14351. 452987,en,15,utthahana,uṭṭhahāna,Uṭṭhahāna,Uṭṭhahāna,[ppr.of uṭṭhahati] exerting oneself,rousing oneself; <i>an°</i> sluggish,lazy Dh.280 (= ayāyāmanto DhA.III,409); cp.anuṭṭhahaṁ S.I,217.(Page 129) ,9,1
  14352. 453009,en,15,utthahati,uṭṭhahati,Uṭṭhahati,Uṭṭhahati, &#38; Uṭṭhāti [ud + <em>sthā</em> see tiṭṭhati &#38; uttiṭṭhati] to rise,stand up,get up,to arise,to be produced,to rouse or exert oneself,to be active,pres.<i>uṭṭhahati</i> Pug.51.-- pot.<i>uṭṭhaheyya</i> S.I,217; as imper.uttiṭṭhe Dh.168 (expl<sup>d.</sup> by uttiṭṭhitvā paresaṁ gharadvāre ṭhatvā DhA.III,165,cp.Vin Texts I.152).-- imper.2<sup>nd</sup> pl.uṭṭhahatha Sn.331; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.uṭṭhehi Pv.II,6<sup>1</sup>; J.IV,433.-- ppr.<i>uṭṭhahanto</i> M.I,86; S.I,217; J.I,476.-- aor.<i>uṭṭhahi</i> J.I,117; PvA.75.-- ger.<i>uṭṭhahitvā</i> PvA.4,43,55,152, &#38; <i>uṭṭhāya</i> Sn.401.-- inf.<i>uṭṭhātuṁ</i> J.I,187.‹-› Note.When uṭṭh° follows a word ending in a vowel,and without a pause in the sense,a <i>v</i> is generally prefixed for euphony,e.g.gabbho vuṭṭhāsi an embryo was produced or arose Vin.II,278; āsanā vuṭṭhāya arising from his seat,Vism.126.See also under <i>vuṭṭhahati</i>.-- pp.<i>uṭṭhita;</i> Caus.<i>uṭṭhāpeti</i>.-- Cp.<i>pariyuṭṭhāti</i>.(Page 129) ,9,1
  14353. 453046,en,15,utthana,uṭṭhāna,Uṭṭhāna,Uṭṭhāna,(nt.) [fr.ut + <em>ṣṭhā</em>] -- 1.rising,rise,getting up,standing (opp.sayana &#38; nisīdana lying or sitting down) D.II,134 (sīha-seyyaṁ kappesi uṭṭhāna-saññaṁ manasikaritvā); Dh.280 (°kāla); J.I,392 (an°-seyyā a bed from which one cannot get up); Vism.73 (aruṇ-uṭṭhānavelā time of sunrise) DhA.I,17.-- 2.rise,origin,occasion or oppertunity for; as adj.(-°) producing J.I,47 (kapp°); VI,459; Miln.326 (dhaññ° khettaṁ atthi).-- 3.“rousing”,exertion,energy,zeal,activity,manly vigour,industry,often syn.with viriya M.I,86; A.I,94; II,135 (°phala); III,45 (°viriya),311; IV,281 (°sampadā); It.66 (°adhigataṁ dhanaṁ earned by industry); Pv IV.3<sup>24</sup>; Pug.51 (°phala); Miln.344,416; ThA.267 (°viriya); PvA.129 (+ viriya).<i>--an°</i> want of energy,sluggishness A.IV,195; Dh.241.‹-› Note.The form vuṭṭhāna appears for uṭṭh° after a vowel under the same conditions as vuṭṭhahati for uṭṭhahati (q.v.) gabbha-vuṭṭhānaṁ J.I,114.See also <i>vuṭṭh°</i>,and cp.pariy°.(Page 129) ,7,1
  14354. 453059,en,15,utthanaka,uṭṭhānaka,Uṭṭhānaka,Uṭṭhānaka,(-°) (adj.) [fr.uṭṭhāna] -- 1.giving rise to yielding (revenue),producing J.I,377,420 (satasahass°); III,229 (id.); V,44 (id.).Cp.uṭṭhāyika.-- 2.energetic J.VI,246.(Page 129) ,9,1
  14355. 453113,en,15,utthanavant,uṭṭhānavant,Uṭṭhānavant,Uṭṭhānavant,(adj.) [uṭṭhāna + vant] strenuous,active Dh.24.(Page 129) ,11,1
  14356. 453137,en,15,utthapana,uṭṭhapana,Uṭṭhapana,Uṭṭhapana,see vo°.(Page 129) ,9,1
  14357. 453194,en,15,utthapeti,uṭṭhāpeti,Uṭṭhāpeti,Uṭṭhāpeti,[Caus.II.of utthahati] -- 1.to make rise,only in phrase <i>aruṇaṁ</i> (suriyaṁ) <i>u</i>.to let the sun rise,i.e.wait for sunrise or to go on till sunrise J.I,318; VI,330; Vism.71,73 (aruṇaṁ).-- 2.to raise J.VI,32 (paṭhaviṁ).‹-› 3.to fit up J.VI,445 (nāvaṁ).-- 4.to exalt,praise DA.I,256.-- 5.to turn a person out DhA.IV,69.-- See also <i>vuṭṭhāpeti</i>.(Page 129) ,9,1
  14358. 453229,en,15,utthatar,uṭṭhātar,Uṭṭhātar,Uṭṭhātar,[n.ag.of ut + <em>ṣṭhā</em>,see uṭṭhahati] one who gets up or rouses himself,one who shows energy S.I,214; A.IV,285,288,322; Sn.187; J.VI,297.<i>--an°</i> one who is without energy S.I,217; Sn.96.(Page 129) ,8,1
  14359. 453259,en,15,utthayaka,uṭṭhāyaka,Uṭṭhāyaka,Uṭṭhāyaka,(adj.) [adj.formation fr.uṭṭhāya,ger.of uṭṭhahati] “getting-up-ish”,i.e.ready to get up,quick,alert,active,industrious; f.<i>uṭṭhayikā</i> Th.2,413 (= uṭṭhāna-viriyasampannā ThA.267; v.l.uṭṭhāhikā) (Page 129) ,9,1
  14360. 453265,en,15,utthayika,uṭṭhāyika,Uṭṭhāyika,Uṭṭhāyika,(adj.) [= uṭṭhānaka] yielding,producing J.II,403 (satasahass°).(Page 129) ,9,1
  14361. 453271,en,15,utthayin,uṭṭhāyin,Uṭṭhāyin,Uṭṭhāyin,(adj.) [adj.form.fr.uṭṭhāya,cp.uṭṭhāyaka] getting up D.I,60 (pubb° + pacchā-nipātin rising early &#38; lying down late).(Page 129) ,8,1
  14362. 453295,en,15,utthita,uṭṭhita,Uṭṭhita,Uṭṭhita,[pp.of uṭṭhahati] -- 1.risen,got up Pv.II,9<sup>41</sup> (kāl°); Vism.73.-- 2.arisen,produced J.I,36; Miln.155.-- 3.striving,exerting oneself,active J.II,61; Dh.168; Miln.213.<i>--an°</i> S.II,264; Ps.I,172.-- Cp.pariy°.‹-› Note.The form is <i>vuṭṭhita</i> when following upon a vowel; see <i>vuṭṭhita </i>&<i> uṭṭhahati</i>,e.g.paṭisallāṇā vutthito arisen from the seclusion D.II,9; pāto vuṭṭhito risen early PvA.128.(Page 129) ,7,1
  14363. 453371,en,15,uttina,uttiṇa,Uttiṇa,Uttiṇa,(adj.) [ud + tiṇa] in uttiṇaṁ karoti to take the straw off,lit.to make off-straw; to deprive of the roof M.II,53.Cp.next.(Page 132) ,6,1
  14364. 453378,en,15,uttinna,uttiṇṇa,Uttiṇṇa,Uttiṇṇa,[pp.of uttarati] drawn out,pulled out,nt.outlet,passage J.II,72 (paṇṇasālāya uttiṇṇāni karoti make entrances in the hut).Or should it be <i>uttiṇa</i>? (Page 132) ,7,1
  14365. 453401,en,15,uttittha,uttiṭṭha,Uttiṭṭha,Uttiṭṭha,[= ucchiṭṭha? Cp.ucchepaka.By Pāli Cy<sup>s.</sup> referred to uṭṭhahati “alms which one stands up for,or expects”] left over,thrown out Vin.I,44 (°patta); Th.1,1057 (°piṇḍa); 2,349 (°piṇḍa = vivaṭadvāre ghare ghare patiṭṭhitvā labhanaka-piṇḍa ThA.242); J.IV,380 (°piṇḍa; C.similarly as at ThA; not to the point); 386 (°piṇḍa = ucchiṭṭhaka piṇḍa C.); Miln.213,214.(Page 132) ,8,1
  14366. 453419,en,15,uttitthe,uttiṭṭhe,Uttiṭṭhe,Uttiṭṭhe,see <i>uṭṭhahati</i>.(Page 132) ,8,1
  14367. 453424,en,15,uttitva,uṭṭitvā,Uṭṭitvā,Uṭṭitvā,at Vin.II,131 is doubtful reading (see p.318,v.l.uḍḍhetvā),and should perhaps be read <i>uḍḍetvā</i> (= oḍḍetva,see uḍḍeti),meaning “putting into a sling,tying or binding up”.(Page 129) ,7,1
  14368. 453448,en,15,utu,utu,Utu,Utu,(m. &#38; nt.) [Vedic ṛtu special or proper time,with adj.ṛta straight,right,rite,ṛti manner to Lat.ars “art”,Gr.damar(t),further Lat.rītus (rite),Ags.rīm number; of <i>*ar</i> to fit in,adjust etc.q.v.under appeti] -- 1.(lit.) (a) (good or proper) time,season:aruṇa-utu occasion or time of the sun(-rise) DhA.I,165; utuṁ gaṇhāti to watch for the right time (in horoscopic practice),to prognosticate ibid.<i>sarīraṁ utuṁ gaṇhāpeti</i> “to cause the body to take season”,i.e.to refresh the body by cool,sleep,washing etc.J.III,527; DA.I,252.-- (b) yearly change,time of the year,season Vism.128.There are usually three seasons men‹-› tioned,viz.the hot,rainy and wintry season or <i>gimha</i>,<i> vassa </i>&<i> hemanta</i> A.IV,138; SnA 317.Six seasons (in connection with nakkhatta) at J.V,330 &#38; VI,524.Often utu is to be understood,as in hemantikena (scil.utunā) in the wintry season S.V,51.-- (c) the menses SnA 317; J.V,330 (utusinātāya read utusi nhātāya; utusi Loc.as expl<sup>d.</sup> by C.pupphe uppanne utumhi nahātāya).-- 2.(applied in a philosophical sense:one of the five fold cosmic order,physical change,physical law of causation (opp.kamma),physical order:see Asl.272 f.; Dialogues,II,8,n.; Kvu trsl<sup>n.</sup> 207; cp.Mrs.Rh.D.Buddhism,p.119 f.Cpd.161,Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> introd.XVII; &#38; cp.cpds.So in connection with kamma at Vism.451,614; J.VI,105 (kamma-paccayena utunā samuṭṭhitā Veraraṇī); perhaps also at Miln.410 (megha ututo samuṭṭhahitvā).<br><br> <i>--āhāra</i> physical nutriment (cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n.</sup> 174) PvA.148.<i>--ûpasevanā</i> seasonable activity,pursuit (of activities) according to the seasons,observance of the seasons Sn.249 (= gimhe ātapa-ṭṭhāna-sevanā vasse rukkha-mūla-sevanā hemante jalappavesa-sevanā SnA 291).<i>--kāla</i> seasonable,favourable time (of the year) Vin.I,299; II,173.<i>--ja</i> produced by the seasons or by physical change Miln.268 (kamma°,hetu°,utu°); Vism.451.<i>--nibbatta</i> coming to existence through physical causes Miln.268.<i>--pamāṇa</i> measure of the season,i.e.the exact season Vin.I,95.<i>--pariṇāma</i> change (adversity) of the season (as cause of disease) S.IV,230; A.II,87; III,131; V,110; Miln.112,304; Vism.31.<i>--parissaya</i> danger or risk of the seasons A.III,388.<i>--pubba</i> festival on the eve of each of the (6) seasons J.VI,524.<i>--vāra</i> time of the season,°vārena °vārena according to the turn of the season J.I,58.<i>--vikāra</i> change of season Vism.262.<i>--veramanī</i> abstinence during the time of menstruaīion Sn.291 (cp.SnA 317).<i>--saṁvacchara</i> the year or cycle of the seasons,pl.°ā the seasons D.III,85 = A.II,75; S.V,442.The phrase utusaṁvaccharāni at Pv.II,9<sup>55</sup> is by Dhammapāla taken as a bahuvrīhi cpd.viz.cycles of seasons &#38; of years,i.e.vasanta-gimh ādike bahū utū ca citta-saṁvacchar’adi bahūni saṁvaccharāni ca PvA.135.Similarly at J.V,330 (with Cy).<i>--sappāya</i> suitable to the season,seasonable DhA 327.<i>--samaya</i> time of the menses SnA 317.(Page 130) ,3,1
  14369. 453491,en,15,utuka,utuka,Utuka,Utuka,(-°) (adj.) [utu + ka] seasonable,only in cpd.<i>sabbotuka</i> belonging to all seasons,perennial D.II,179; Pv IV.12<sup>2</sup> (= pupphupaga-rukkhādīhi sabbesu utūsu sukkhāvaha PvA.275); Sdhp.248.(Page 130) ,5,1
  14370. 453514,en,15,utuni,utunī,Utunī,Utunī,(f.) [formed fr.utu like bhikkhunī fr.bhikkhu] a menstruating woman Vin.III,18; IV,303; S.IV,239; A.III,221,229; Miln.127.<i>an°</i> A.III,221,226.(Page 130) ,5,1
  14371. 453645,en,15,uvitta,uviṭṭa,Uviṭṭa,Uviṭṭa,[= viṭṭha,pp.of <em>viś</em>,with prefixed u] having entered,come in D.II,274 (v.l.BK.upa°).(Page 156) ,6,1
  14372. 453660,en,15,uyyama,uyyāma,Uyyāma,Uyyāma,[Sk.udyama,ud + <em>yam</em><i>;</i> P.uyyāma with ā for a,as niyāma › niyama; cp.BSk.udyama Jtm 210] exertion,effort,endeavour Dhs.13,22,289,571; DhsA.146.(Page 155) ,6,1
  14373. 453680,en,15,uyyana,uyyāna,Uyyāna,Uyyāna,(nt.) [Sk.udyāna,fr.ud + <i>yā</i>] a park,pleasure grove,a (royal) garden J.I,120,149; II,104; IV,213; V,95; VI,333; PvA.6,74,76; VvA.7; Sdhp.7.<br><br> <i>--kīḷā</i> amusement in the park,sports DhA.I,220; IV,3.<i>--pāla</i> overseer of parks,head gardener,park keeper J.II,105,191; IV,264 <i>bhūmi</i> garden ground,pleasure ground J.I,58; Vv 64<sup>19</sup>; Pv.II,12<sup>9</sup>; DA.I,235.(Page 155) ,6,1
  14374. 453764,en,15,uyyanavant,uyyānavant,Uyyānavant,Uyyānavant,(adj.) [fr.uyyāna] full of pleasure gardens Pv III,3<sup>6</sup>.(Page 155) ,10,1
  14375. 453777,en,15,uyyassu,uyyassu,Uyyassu,Uyyassu,(imper.3<sup>rd.</sup> sg.) is v.l.BB.and C.reading at J.VI,145,146 for dayassu,fly; probably for (i) yassu of <i>yā</i> to go.(Page 155) ,7,1
  14376. 453784,en,15,uyyati,uyyāti,Uyyāti,Uyyāti,[ud + <em>yā</em>] to go out,to go away J.II,3,4 (imper.uyyāhi); IV,101.-- Caus.<i>uyyāpeti</i> to cause to go away,to bring or take out S.IV,312.(Page 155) ,6,1
  14377. 453797,en,15,uyyodhika,uyyodhika,Uyyodhika,Uyyodhika,(nt.) [fr.ud + <em>yudh</em>] a plan of combat,sham fight Vin.IV,107; D.I,6; A.V,65; DA.I,85.(Page 155) ,9,1
  14378. 453808,en,15,uyyoga,uyyoga,Uyyoga,Uyyoga,[fr.ud + <em>yuj</em>] departure,approach of death Dh.236 (cp.DhA.III,335).(Page 155) ,6,1
  14379. 453828,en,15,uyyojana,uyyojana,Uyyojana,Uyyojana,(nt.) [fr.uyyojeti] inciting,instigation A.IV,233.(Page 155) ,8,1
  14380. 453873,en,15,uyyojeti,uyyojeti,Uyyojeti,Uyyojeti,[caus.of uyyuñjati] -- 1.to instigate Vin.IV,235; J.III,265.-- 2.to dismiss,take leave of (Acc.),send off,let go Vin.I,179; A.III,75; J.I,119 (bhikkhu-saṅghaṁ),293; III,188; V,217; VI,72; Vism.91; DhA.I,14,15,398; II,44; VvA.179; PvA.93.-- pp.<i>uyyojita</i> (q.v.).(Page 155) ,8,1
  14381. 453889,en,15,uyyojita,uyyojita,Uyyojita,Uyyojita,[pp.of uyyojeti] instigated Miln.228; PvA.105.(Page 155) ,8,1
  14382. 453916,en,15,uyyunjati,uyyuñjati,Uyyuñjati,Uyyuñjati,[ud + <em>yuj</em>] to go away,depart,leave one’s house Dh.91 (cp.DhA.II,170).-- pp.<i>uyyutta</i>.-- Caus.<i>uyyojeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 155) ,9,1
  14383. 453925,en,15,uyyuta,uyyuta,Uyyuta,Uyyuta,(adj.) [ud + yuta] striving,busy (in a good or bad cause) Sn.247,248; J.V,95.(Page 155) ,6,1
  14384. 453936,en,15,uyyutta,uyyutta,Uyyutta,Uyyutta,[pp.of uyyuñjati] striving,active,zealous,energetic J.I,232.(Page 155) ,7,1
  14385. 453981,en,15,va,va,Va,Va,<sup>4</sup> is (metrically) shortened form of vā,as found e.g.Dh.195 (yadi va for yadi vā); or in correlation va-va either-or:Dh.108 (yiṭṭhaṁ va hutaṁ va),138 (ābādhaṁ va cittakkhepaṁ va pāpuṇe).(Page 590) ,2,1
  14386. 453982,en,15,va,va,Va,Va,<sup>3</sup> (indecl.) [for eva,after long vowels] even,just (so),only; for sure,certainly Dh.136 (aggi-daḍḍho va tappati); J.I,138,149 (so pi suvaṇṇa-vaṇṇo va ahosi),207; SnA 76 (vakāro avadhāraṇ’attho eva-kāro vā ayaṁ,sandhi-vasen’ettha e-kāro naṭṭho:wrong at this passage Sn.38 for va<sup>2</sup>=iva!); PvA.3 (eko va putto),4 (ñātamattā va).(Page 590) ,2,1
  14387. 453983,en,15,va,va,Va,Va,<sup>2</sup> (indecl.) [the enclitic,shortened form of iva after long vowels.Already to be found for iva in RV metri causâ] like,like as,as if; only in poetry (as already pointed out by Trenckner,Miln.422):It.84 (tālapakkaṁ va bandhanā),90 (chavālātaṁ va nassati); Dh.28; Sn.38 (vaṁso visālo va:see C.expl<sup>n</sup> under va<sup>3</sup>); Pv.I,8<sup>1</sup> (ummatta-rūpo va; =viya PvA.39); I,11<sup>6</sup> (naḷo va chinno); Miln.72 (chāyā va anapāyinī); J.III,189 (kusamuddo va ghosavā); IV,139 (aggîva suriyo va); DhA.III,175.(Page 590) ,2,1
  14388. 453984,en,15,va,va,Va,Va,<sup>1</sup> the syllable “va” KhA 109 (with ref.to ending °vā in Bhagavā,which Bdhgh exp<sup>ls</sup> as “va-kāraṁ dīghaṁ katvā,” i.e.a lengthening of va); SnA 76 (see below va<sup>3</sup>).(Page 590) ,2,1
  14389. 454022,en,15,va,vā,Vā,Vā,(indecl.) [Ved.vā,Av.vā,Gr.h)/,Lat.--ve] part.of disjunction:“or”; always enclitic Kh VIII,(itthiyā purisassa vā; mātari pitari vā pi).Usually repeated <i>vā -- vā</i> (is it so --) or,either -- or,e.g.Sn.1024 (Brahmā vā Indo vā pi); Dh.1 (bhāsati vā karoti vā); PvA.74 (putto vā dhītā vā natthi?).-- with negation in second place:whether -- or not,or not,e.g.hoti <i>vā</i> no vā is there or is there not D.I,61; taṁ patthehi <i>vā</i> mā vā VvA.226.-- Combined with other emphatic particles:(na) vā <i>pana</i> not even Pv.II,6<sup>9</sup> (manussena amanussena vā pana); <i>vā pi</i> or even Sn.382 (ye vā pi ca); Pv.II,6<sup>14</sup> (isayo <i>vā</i> pi ye santā etc.); <i>iti vā</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 420; <i>atha</i> vā Dh.83 (sukhena atha vā dukhena); <i>uda</i> ...vā Sn.232 (kāyena vācā uda cetasā vā).-- In verse vā is sometimes shortened to <i>va</i>,e.g.devo va Brahmā vā Sn.1024:see <i>va<sup>4</sup></i>.(Page 606) ,2,1
  14390. 454035,en,15,vabbhacitam,vabbhācitaṁ,Vabbhācitaṁ,Vabbhācitaṁ,is a a(/pac legomέnon at M.I,172; read perhaps better as vambhayitaṁ:see p.545.Neumann trsl<sup>d</sup> only “thus spoken” (i.e.bhāsitam etaṁ).(Page 601) ,11,1
  14391. 454050,en,15,vaca,vaca,Vaca,Vaca,(nt.) a kind of root Vin.I,201=IV.35.Cp.vacattha.(Page 592) ,4,1
  14392. 454069,en,15,vaca,vācā,Vācā,Vācā,(f.) [<em>vac</em>,vakti &#38; vivakti; cp.vacaḥ (P.vaco); Vedic vāk (vāc°) voice,word,vākya; Av.vacah &#38; vaxs word; Gr.e)/pos word,o)/y voice,Lat.vox=voice,voco to call; Ohg.gi-wahan to mention etc.The P.form vācā is a remodelling of the Nom.vāc after the oblique cases,thus transforming it from the cons.decl.to a vowel (°ā) decl.Of the old inflexion we only find the Instr.<i>vācā</i> Sn.130,232.The comp<sup>n</sup> forms are both <i>vācā°</i> and <i>vacī°</i>] word,saying,speech; also as adj.(-°) <i>vaca</i> speaking,of such a speech (e.g.duṭṭha° Pv.I,3<sup>2</sup>,so to be read for dukkha°).-- D.III,69 sq.96 sq.171 sq.; S.IV,132 (in triad kāyena vācāya manasā:see <i>kāya</i> III,,and <i>mano</i> II.3); Sn.232 (kāyena vācā uda cetasā vā),397,451 sq.660,973,1061 (=vacana Nd<sup>2</sup> 560); Nd<sup>1</sup> 504; DhsA.324 (vuccatī ti vācā).-- In sequence <i>vācā</i> girā byappatha vacībheda vācasikā viññatti,as a def<sup>n</sup> of speech Vin.IV,2,expl<sup>d</sup> at DhsA.324:see byappatha.-- <i>vācaṁ bhindati:</i> (1) to modify the speech or expression SnA 216 (cp.vākya-bheda DhsA.324).-- (2) to use a word,so say something Vin.I,157; M.I,207 (Neumann,“das Schweigen brechen”); Miln.231 (i.e.to break silence? So Rh.D.trsl<sup>n</sup>).Cp.the English expression “to break the news.” -- <i>vācā</i> is mostly applied with some moral characterization,as the foll.frequently found:<i>atthasaṁhitā</i> A.III,244; <i>kalyāṇa°</i> A.III,195,261; IV,296; V,155; <i>pisuṇā </i>&<i> pharusā</i> A.I,128,174,268 sq.; III,433; IV,247 sq.; DA.I,74,75; Nd<sup>1</sup> 220,and passim; <i>rakkhita°</i> S.IV,112; <i>vikiṇṇa°</i> S.I,61,204; A.I,70; III,199,391 sq.; <i>sacca°</i> A.II,141,228; <i>saṇhā</i> A.II,141,228; III,244; IV,172; see also vacī-sucarita; <i>sammā°</i> Vbh.105,106,235; VbhA.119; see also magga; <i>hīnā</i> etc.S.II,54.<br><br> <i>--ânurakkhin</i> guarding one’s speech Dh.281 (cp.vācāya saṁvara DhA.IV,86).<i>--âbhilāpa</i> “speechjabbering,” forbidden talk Sn.49 (i.e.the 32 tiracchānakathā Nd<sup>2</sup> 561).<i>--uggata</i> with well intoned speech Miln.10.<i>--yata</i> restrained in speech Sn.850 (=yatta gutta rakkhita Nd<sup>1</sup> 221).<i>--vikkhepa</i> confusion of speech,equivocation D.I,24 sq.; DA.I,115.(Page 607) ,4,1
  14393. 454109,en,15,vacaka,vācaka,Vācaka,Vācaka,(adj.) [fr.vācā] reciting,speaking,expressing SnA 164 (lekha°); <i>sotthi°</i> an utterer of blessings,a herald Miln.359.-- f.<i>°ikā</i> speech Sdhp.55.(Page 606) ,6,1
  14394. 454158,en,15,vacana,vacana,Vacana,Vacana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vac</em><i>;</i> Vedic vacana] 1.speaking,utterance,word,bidding S.II,18 (alaṁ vacanāya one says rightly); IV,195 (yathā bhūtaṁ); A.II,168; Sn.417,699,932,984,997; Miln.235; Pv.II,2<sup>7</sup>; SnA 343,386.-- mama <i>vacanena</i> in my name PvA.53.-- <i>dubbacana</i> a bad word Th.2,418 (=dur-utta-vacana ThA.268).--<i>vacanaṁ karoti</i> to do one’s bidding J.I,222,253.‹-› 2.(t.t.g.) what is said with regard to its grammatical,syntactical or semantic relation,way of speech,term,expression,as:<i>āmantana°</i> term of address KhA 167; SnA 435; <i>paccatta°</i> expression of sep.relation,i.e.the accusative case SnA 303; <i>piya°</i> term of endearment Nd<sup>2</sup> 130; SnA 536; <i>puna°</i> repetition SnA 487; <i>vattamāna°</i> the present tense SnA 16,23; <i>visesitabba°</i> qualifying (predicative) expression VvA.13; <i>sampadāna°</i> the dative relation SnA 317.At SnA 397 (comb<sup>d</sup> with linga and other terms) it refers to the “number,” i.e.singular &#38; plural.<br><br> <i>--attha</i> word-analysis or meaning of words Vism.364; SnA 24.<i>--kara</i> one who does one’s bidding,obedient; a servant Vv 16<sup>5</sup>; 84<sup>21</sup>; J.II,129; IV,41 (vacanaṁ-kara); V,98; PvA.134.<i>--khama</i> gentle in words S.II,282; A.IV,32.<i>--paṭivacana</i> speech and counterspeech (i.e.reply),conversation DhA.II,35; PvA.83,92,117.<i>--patha</i> way of saying,speech M.I,126 (five ways,by which a person is judged:kālena vā akālena vā,bhūtena &#38; a°,saṇhena &#38; pharusena,attha-saṁhitena &#38; an°,mettacittā &#38; dosantarā); A.II,117,153; III,163; IV,277,cp.D.III,236; Vv 63<sup>17</sup> (=vacana VvA.262); SnA 159,375.<i>--bheda</i> variance in expression,different words,kind of speech SnA 169,cp.vacanamatte bhedo SnA 471.<i>--vyattaya</i> distinction or specification of expression SnA 509.<i>--sampaṭiggaha</i> “taking up together,” summing up (what has been said),résumé KhA 100.<i>--sesa</i> the rest of the words PvA.14,18,103.(Page 592) ,6,1
  14395. 454172,en,15,vacana,vācanā,Vācanā,Vācanā,(f.) [fr.vāceti] recitation,reading; <i>°magga</i> way of recitation,help for reading,division of text (into chapters or paragraphs) Tikp 239; KhA 12,14,24.(Page 606) ,6,1
  14396. 454223,en,15,vacanaka,vācanaka,Vācanaka,Vācanaka,(nt.) [fr.vāceti] talk,recitation,disputation; invitation (?),in <i>brāhmaṇa°</i> J.I,318 (karoti); III,171; IV,391 (karoti); regarded as a kind of festival.At J.III,238 <i>vācanaka</i> is used by itself (two brahmins receiving it).It refers to the treating of brāhmaṇas (br.teachers) on special occasions (on behalf of their pupils:a sort of farewell-dinner?).-- It is not quite sure how we have to interpret <i>vācanaka</i>.Under <i>brāhmaṇa</i> (cpds.) we have trsl<sup>d</sup> it as “elocution show” (cp.our “speech day”).The E.trsl<sup>n</sup> gives “brahmin feast”; Prof.Dutoit “Brahmanen-backwerk” (i.e.special cakes for br.).<i>vācana</i> may be a distortion of <i>vājana</i>,although the latter is never found as v.l.It is at all events a singular expression.BR give <i>vācanaka</i> as a(/pac legomέnon in meaning of “sweetmeat,” with the only ref.Hārāvalī 152 (Calc.ed.),where it is expl<sup>d</sup> as “prahelaka” (see P.<i>paheṇaka</i>).On the subject see also Fick,Soc.Glied.137,205.(Page 606) ,8,1
  14397. 454593,en,15,vacaniya,vacanīya,Vacanīya,Vacanīya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.vacana] to be spoken to,or to be answered D.I,175; Sn.p.140.(Page 592) ,8,1
  14398. 454677,en,15,vacapeyya,vācapeyya,Vācapeyya,Vācapeyya,(1) amiable speech (vācā+peyya=piya) J.VI,575 (=piyavacana C.).-- (2) spelling for vājapeyya (q.v.).(Page 606) ,9,1
  14399. 454694,en,15,vacasa,vacasa,Vacasa,Vacasa,(adj.) (-°) [the adj.form of vaco=vacas] having speech,speaking,in cpd.<i>saddheyya°</i> of credible speech,trustworthy Vin.III,<i>189</i>.(Page 592) ,6,1
  14400. 454739,en,15,vacasika,vācasika,Vācasika,Vācasika,(adj.) [fr.vācā] connected with speech,verbal (contrasted with <i>kāyika </i>&<i> cetasika</i>) Vin.IV,2; Pug.21; Miln.91; Vism.18; DhsA.324.-- As nt.noun at Miln.352 in meaning “behaviour in speech.” (Page 607) ,8,1
  14401. 454768,en,15,vacata,vacatā,Vacatā,Vacatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.vaco] is found only in cpd.<i>dubbacatā</i> surliness J.I,159.(Page 592) ,6,1
  14402. 454776,en,15,vacattha,vacattha,Vacattha,Vacattha,(nt.) a kind of root Vin.I,201=IV.35.(Page 592) ,8,1
  14403. 454823,en,15,vacca,vacca,Vacca,Vacca,(nt.) [cp.BSk.<i>vaccaḥ</i> AvŚ I.254] excrement,fæces Vin.II,212; IV,229,265; Vism.250 (a baby’s); VbhA.232 (id.),243; PvA.268.-- <i>vaccaṁ osajjati</i>,or <i>karoti</i> to ease oneself J.I,3; PvA.268.<br><br> <i>--kuṭī (</i>&<i> kuṭi)</i> a privy Vin.II,221; J.I,161; II,10; Vism.235,259,261; VbhA.242; DhA.II,55,56; PvA.266,268.<i>--kūpa</i> a cesspool Vin.II,221; J.V,231; Vism.344 sq.; DhA.I,180.<i>--ghaṭa</i> a pot for excrements,chamber utensil,commode Vin.I,157=II.216; M.I,207.<i>--doṇikā</i> id.Vin.II,221.<i>--magga</i> “the way of fæces,” excrementary canal,opening of the rectum Vin.II,221; III,28 sq.35; J.I,502; IV,30.<i>--sodhaka</i> a privy-cleaner,night-man Mhvs 10,91.(Page 592) ,5,1
  14404. 454894,en,15,vaccasin,vaccasin,Vaccasin,Vaccasin,(adj.) [cp.Sk.varcasvin &#38; Ved.varcin,having splendour,might or energy,fr.Vedic varcas] energetic,imposing D.I,114 (brahma°; Dial.I.146 “fine in presence,“ cp.DA.I,282).See also under <i>brahma</i>.‹-› Note.The P.root <em>vacc</em> is given at Dhtm 59 in meaning of “ditti,” i.e.splendour.(Page 592) ,8,1
  14405. 454914,en,15,vaccha,vaccha,Vaccha,Vaccha,<sup>2</sup> [=rukkha,fr.vṛkṣa] a tree; only in <i>mālā°</i> an ornamental plant Vin.II,12; III,179; Vism.172; DhA.II,109.(Page 592) ,6,1
  14406. 454915,en,15,vaccha,vaccha,Vaccha,Vaccha,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic vatsa,lit.“one year old,a yearling”; cp.Gr.e)/tos year,Sk.vatsara id.Lat vetus old,vitulus calf; Goth.wiprus a year old lamb=Ohg.widar=E.wether] a calf Dh.284; J.V,101; Vism.163 (in simile),269 (id.; kūṭa° a maimed calf); DhsA.62 (with popular etym.“vadatī ti vaccho”); VvA.100,200 (taruṇa°).‹-› On <i>vaccha</i> in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,131.<br><br> <i>--giddhinī</i> longing for her calf S.IV,181.<i>--gopālaka</i> a cow-herd Vism.28.<i>--danta</i> “calf-tooth,” a kind of arrow or javelin M.I,429; J.VI,448.<i>--pālaka</i> cow-herd Vv 51<sup>2</sup>.(Page 592) ,6,1
  14407. 454959,en,15,vacchaka,vacchaka,Vacchaka,Vacchaka,[Demin.fr.vaccha<sup>1</sup>] a (little) calf J.III,444; V,93,433; Miln.282 (as go-vacchaka).<br><br> <i>--pālaka</i> a cow-herd J.III,444.<i>--sālā</i> cow-shed,cowpen J.V,93; Miln.282.(Page 592) ,8,1
  14408. 455002,en,15,vacchala,vacchala,Vacchala,Vacchala,(adj.) [cp.Sk.vatsala] affectionate,lit.“loving her calf” ThA.148 (Ap v.64).(Page 593) ,8,1
  14409. 455047,en,15,vacchara,vacchara,Vacchara,Vacchara,[cp.Class.Sk.vatsara] year Sdhp.239.See the usual <i>saṁvacchara</i>.(Page 593) ,8,1
  14410. 455070,en,15,vacchatara,vacchatara,Vacchatara,Vacchatara,[fr.vaccha; the compar.suffix in meaning “sort of,--like.” Cp.Sk.vatsatara] a weaned calf,bullock D.I,127,148; S.I,75; A.II,207; IV,41 sq.; Pug.56; DA.I,294.-- f.<i>vacchatarī</i> D.I,127; S.I,75; Vin.I,191; Pug.56.(Page 592) ,10,1
  14411. 455087,en,15,vacchati,vacchati,Vacchati,Vacchati,is fut.of <i>vasati</i> to dwell.(Page 593) ,8,1
  14412. 455103,en,15,vaccita,vaccita,Vaccita,Vaccita,[pp.of vacceti,denom.of vacca] wanting to ease oneself,oppressed with vacca Vin.II,212,221.(Page 592) ,7,1
  14413. 455147,en,15,vacetar,vācetar,Vācetar,Vācetar,[n.ag.fr.vāceti] one who teaches or instructs D.I,123.(Page 607) ,7,1
  14414. 455157,en,15,vaceti,vāceti,Vāceti,Vāceti,[Caus.of <em>vac</em>] to make speak or recite,to teach:see <i>vatti</i>.-- pp.<i>vācita</i>.(Page 607) ,6,1
  14415. 455188,en,15,vaci,vacī,Vacī,Vacī,(°-) [the composition form of vaco] speech,words; rare by itself (and in this case re-established from cpds.) and poetical,as at Sn.472 (yassa vacī kharā; expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 409 by “vācā”),973 (cudito<sup>2</sup> vacīhi=vācāhi SnA 574).Otherwise in cpds,like:<i>--gutta</i> controlled in speech Sn.78.<i>--para</i> one who excels in words (not in actions),i.e.a man of words J.II,390.<i>--parama</i> id.D.III,185.<i>--bheda</i> “kind of words,” what is like speech,i.e.talk or language Vin.IV,2; Miln.231 (meaning here:break of the vow of speech?); various saying,detailed speech,specification KhA 13; SnA 464,466.See also <i>vākya-bheda </i>&<i> vācaṁ</i> bhindati.<i>--viññatti</i> intimation by language Vism.448; Miln.370; Dhs.637.<i>--vipphāra</i> dilating in talk Miln.230,370.<i>--samācāsa</i> good conduct in speech M.II,114; III,45; D.III,217.‹-› Often coupled (as triad) with <i>kāya° </i>&<i> mano°</i> (=in deed &#38; in mind; where vācā is used when not compounded),e.g.in (vacī) <i>--kamma</i> (+kāya° &#38; mano°) deed by word M.I,373,417; III,207; D.III,191,245; <i>°duccarita</i> misbehaviour in words (four of these,viz.musāvāda,pisuṇā vācā,pharusā vācā,samphappalāpa A.II,141 D.III,52,96,111,214,217; Nd<sup>1</sup> 386; Pug.60; DhA.I,23; III,417; <i>°saṅkhāra</i> antecedent or requisite for speech M.I,301; A.III,350; S.IV,293; VbhA.167; Vism.531; <i>°sañcetanā</i> intention by word VbhA.144; <i>°sucarita</i> good conduct in speech A.II,141 (the 4:sacca-vācā,apisuṇā vācā,saṇhā vācā,mantā bhāsā).(Page 592) ,4,1
  14416. 455502,en,15,vaco,vaco,Vaco,Vaco,( &#38; vaca) (nt.) [Vedic vacas,of <em>vac</em>] speech,words,saying; Nom. &#38; Acc.<i>vaco</i> Sn.54,356,988,994,1006,1057,1110,1147; J.I,188; Nd<sup>1</sup> 553 (=vacana byāpatha desanā anusandhi); Pv.I,11<sup>12</sup>.Instr.<i>vacasā</i> Vin.II,95 (dhammā bahussutā honti dhatā v.paricitā); III,189; S.I,12 (+manasā); Sn.365,663,890 (=vacanena Nd<sup>1</sup> 299); Vism.241; Mhvs 19,42.-- As adj.(-°) <i>vaca</i> in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>du°</i> as <i>dubbaca</i> having bad speech,using bad language,foul-mouthed M.I,95; S.II,204; A.II,147; III,178; V,152 sq.; J.I,159; Pug.20; Sdhp.95,197.Opp.<i>suvaca</i> of nice speech M.I,126; A.V,24 sq.; Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup> (=<i>subbaca</i> PvA.230).-- Cp.vacī &#38; vācā.(Page 592) ,4,1
  14417. 455523,en,15,vada,vada,Vada,Vada,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>vad</em>] speaking,in cpd.<i>vaggu°</i> speaking pleasantly Sn.955 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 446; SnA 571=sundaravada); <i>suddhiṁ°</i> of clean speech Sn.910.(Page 599) ,4,1
  14418. 455535,en,15,vada,vāda,Vāda,Vāda,[fr.<em>vad</em>:see vadati; Vedic vāda (not in RV!),in meaning of “theory,disputation” only in Class.Sk.‹-› The relation of roots <em>vac</em>:<em>vad</em> is like E.speak:say; but vāda as t.t.has developed quite distinctly the specified meaning of an emphatic or formulated speech= assertion or doctrine] 1.speaking,speech,talk,nearly always --°,e.g.iti° hearsay,general talk M.I.133; S.V,73; A.II,26; kumāraka° child-talk or childish talk,i.e.in the manner of talking to a child S.II,218 sq.; cori° deceitful talk PvA.89 (so read with v.l.for T.bheri°); dhammika° righteous speech A.V,230; musā° telling lies,false speech A.I,129; II,141; IV,401; PvA.15.See under musā.-- adj.(--°) speaking up for,proclaiming,advertising D.I,174 (sīla°,paññā° etc.); Sn.913 (nivissa° dogmatist); A.I,287 (kamma°,kiriya°,viriya°).-- vādaṁ bhindati to refute a speech,to make a view discrepant (cp.bhinna-vāda under 4!) SnA 45 (Māravādaṁ bh.).-- 2.what is said,reputation,attribute,characteristic Sn.859 (but SnA 550=nindā-vacana); J.I,2 (jāti° genealogy,cp.D.I,137).See also cpd.°patha.-- 3.discussion,disputation,argument,controversy,dispute Sn.390,827 (also as adj.hīna°); DhA.III,390= Vin.IV,1; Mhvs 4,42 (sutvā ubhinnaṁ vādaṁ).-- 4.doctrine,theory put forth,creed,belief,school,sect SnA 539 sq.; in cpds.:ācariya° traditional teaching Miln.148; also “heterodoxy” Mhbv 96,cp.Dpvs.V,30; uccheda° annihilistic doctrine Nd<sup>1</sup> 282:see under uccheda; thera° the tradition of the Theras,i.e.the orthodox doctrine or word of Gotama Buddha Mhvs 5,2; 33,97 sq.; Dpvs.V,10,14 (theravādo aggavādo ti vuccati),51 (17 heretical sects,one orthodox,altogether 18 schools); dhuta° (adj.) expounding punctiliousness Vism.81 (=aññe dhutaṅgena ovadati anusāsati).See under dhuta; bhinna° heretical sect (lit.discrepant talk or view) Dpvs.V,39,51 (opp.abhinnaka vāda); sassata° an eternalist Ps.I,155.<br><br> --ânuvāda the trsl<sup>n</sup> of this phrase (used as adj.) at S.III,6 (see K.S.III,7) is “one who is of his way of thinking.” all kinds of sectarian doctrines or doctrinal theses D.I,161; III,115; S.III,6; IV,51,340,381; V,7; A.III,4; Nett 52.--kāma desirous of disputation Sn.825.--khitta upset in disputation,thrown out of his belief Vin.IV,1=DhA.III,390.--patha “way of speech,” i.e.signs of recognition,attribute,definition Sn.1076 (expl<sup>d</sup> dogmatically at Nd<sup>2</sup> 563); A.II,9.--sattha the science of disputation,true doctrine SnA 540.--sīla having the habit of,or used,to disputes Sn.381.(Page 608) ,4,1
  14419. 455585,en,15,vadaka,vādaka,Vādaka,Vādaka,(adj.n.) [fr.vāda] doctrinal,sectarian,heretical; vagga° (either vagga<sup>1</sup> or vagga<sup>2</sup>) professing somebody’s party,sectarian,schismatic Vin.III,175 (anu-vattaka+); vādaka-sammuti doctrinal (sectarian) statement A.IV,347.(Page 608) ,6,1
  14420. 455639,en,15,vadana,vadana,Vadana,Vadana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vad</em>] speech,utterance VvA.345 (+kathana).(Page 599) ,6,1
  14421. 455645,en,15,vadana,vadāna,Vadāna,Vadāna,see <i>vadati</i>.(Page 599) ,6,1
  14422. 455651,en,15,vadana,vādana,Vādana,Vādana,(nt.) [fr.vādeti] playing on a musical instrument,music VvA.276.(Page 608) ,6,1
  14423. 455679,en,15,vadaniya,vadāniya,Vadāniya,Vadāniya,[another form of <i>vadaññu</i>] see <i>a°</i>.(Page 599) ,8,1
  14424. 455689,en,15,vadannu,vadaññu,Vadaññu,Vadaññu,(adj.) [cp.Sk.vadāniya,which also in P.avadāniya] lit.“(easily) spoken to,” addressable,i.e.liberal,bountiful,kind S.I,43; A.II,59,61 sq.; IV,271 sq.285,289,322; Sn.487; Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup>,3<sup>42</sup>,10<sup>11</sup>,15<sup>4</sup>; VvA.281.(Page 599) ,7,1
  14425. 455702,en,15,vadannuta,vadaññutā,Vadaññutā,Vadaññutā,(f.) [abstr.fr.vadaññu] bounty,kindness,liberality; neg.<i>a°</i> stinginess A.V,146,148 sq.; Vbh.371.(Page 599) ,9,1
  14426. 455737,en,15,vadapana,vadāpana,Vadāpana,Vadāpana,(nt.) [fr.vādāpeti,Caus.II.of vadati] making somebody speak or something sound DhsA.333 (we should better read <i>vād°</i>).(Page 599) ,8,1
  14427. 455909,en,15,vadati,vadati,Vadati,Vadati,[<em>vad</em>,Ved.vadati; Dhtp 134 vada=vacana] to speak,say,tell A.IV,79; Sn.1037,1077 sq.; Pug.42; PvA.13,16,39; Pot.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>vade</i> (so read for vado?) M.I,258; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>vadeyya</i> Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup>; aor.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>vadiṁsu</i> PvA.4.-- Cp.abhi°,upa°,pa°,vi°.-- Another form (not Caus.:see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 139<sup>2</sup>) is <i>vadeti</i> D.I,36; Vin.II,1; Sn.825; Sn.p.140 (kiṁ vadetha); J.I,294; imper.<i>vadehi</i> PvA.62; Pot.med.1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>vademase</i> D.III,197; fut.<i>vadessati</i> Sn.351; aor.<i>vadesi</i> DhA.III,174.-- A specific Pāli formation is a Caus.<i>vādiyati</i> in act.and med.sense (all forms only in Gāthā style),e.g.indic.<i>vādiyati</i> Sn.824=892,832; expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>vadati</i> SnA 541,542,or <i>katheti bhaṇati</i> etc.(the typical Niddesa expl<sup>n</sup> of vadati:see Nd<sup>2</sup> 555) Nd<sup>1</sup> 161.In contracted ( &#38; shortened) form Pot.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>vajjesi</i> (*vādiyesi) you might tell,i.e.please tell Pv.II,11<sup>6</sup> (=vadeyyāsi PvA.149); III,6<sup>7</sup> (same expl<sup>n</sup> p.203).The other Pot.forms from the same base are the foll.:1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>vajjaṁ</i> Th.2,308; 2<sup>nd</sup> sg.vajjāsi Th.2,307; J.III,272; VI,19; and <i>vajja</i> Th.2,323; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>vajjā</i> Sn.971 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 498); J.VI,526 (=vadeyya C.); 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>vajjuṁ</i> Sn.859 (=vadeyyuṁ katheyyuṁ etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 555); J.V,221.-- Caus.<i>vādeti</i> to make sound,to play (a musical instrument) J.I,293; II,110,254 (vādeyyāma we might play); Ap 31 (aor.vādesuṁ); PvA.151 (vīṇaṁ vādento).-- Pass.<i>vajjati</i> (*vādiyati) to be played or sounded J.I,13 (vajjanti bheriyo); Ap 31 (ppr.vajjamāna &#38; aor.vajjiṁsu).‹-› Another form of ppr.med.(or Pass.) is <i>vadāna</i> (being called,so-called) which is found in poetry only (contracted fr.vadamāna) at Vin.I,36=J.I,83.-- pp.<i>udita<sup>2</sup> </i>&<i> vādita</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.II.<i>vādāpeti</i> to cause to be played Mhvs 25,74 (tūriyaṁ).(Page 599) ,6,1
  14428. 455982,en,15,vaddalika,vaddalikā,Vaddalikā,Vaddalikā,(f.) [cp.late Sk.vārdala &#38; BSk.vardalikā MVastu III,301; Divy 500] rainy weather Vin.I,3; J.VI,52 (Loc.vaddalike); DhA.III,339; VbhA.109.(Page 599) ,9,1
  14429. 455995,en,15,vaddha,vaḍḍha,Vaḍḍha,Vaḍḍha,(nt.) [fr.<em>vṛdh</em>] wealth,riches J.III,131 (vaḍḍhaṁ vaḍḍhataṁ,imper.).Or should we read vaṭṭa? ‹-› <i>Vaḍḍha</i> is used as Np.at KhA 119,perhaps in meaning “prosperous.” (Page 595) ,6,1
  14430. 456009,en,15,vaddha,vaddha,Vaddha,Vaddha,<sup>2</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Vedic vardhra in meaning “tape”] a (leather) strap,thong J.II,154 (vv.ll.baddha,bandhana,bandha,vaṭṭa).Occurs as <i>aṁsa°</i> shoulder strap at Ap 310,where ed.prints baddha (=baddha<sup>2</sup>).<br><br> <i>--maya</i> consisting of a strap,made of leather J.II,153.(Page 599) ,6,1
  14431. 456010,en,15,vaddha,vaddha,Vaddha,Vaddha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-n.) [pp.of vaḍḍhati; see also <i>vaḍḍha</i>,vuḍḍha &#38; vuddha.The root given by Dhtp (166) for <em>vṛdh</em> is <em>vadh</em> in meaning “vuddhi”] 1.grown,old; an Elder; venerable,respectable; one who has authority.At J.I,219 three kinds of <i>vaddha</i> are distinguished:one by nature (jāti°),one by age (vayo°),one by virtue (guṇa°); J.V,140 (=paññāya vuddha C.).Usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>apacāyati</i> to respect the aged,e.g.J.I,219; and in cpd.<i>vaddh-apacāyika</i> respecting the elders or those in authority J.IV,94; and <i>°apacāyin</i> id.Sn.325 (=vaddhānaṁ apaciti-karaṇa SnA 332); Dh.109; DhA.II,239 (=buḍḍhatare guṇavuddhe apacāyamāna).Cp.jeṭṭh’apacāyin.-- 2.glad,joyful; in cpd.<i>°bhūta</i> gladdened,cheerful J.V,6.(Page 599) ,6,1
  14432. 456032,en,15,vaddhaka,vaḍḍhaka,Vaḍḍhaka,Vaḍḍhaka,[fr.vaḍḍheti] 1.augmenting,increasing,i.e.looking after the welfare of somebody or something,one who superintends J.I,2 (rāsi° the steward of an estate).-- 2.a maker of,in special sense (<i>cīvara°</i> robecutter,perhaps fr.<em>vardh</em> to cut:see <i>vaddheti</i>) a tailor J.I,220.(Page 595) ,8,1
  14433. 456037,en,15,vaddhaka,vaddhaka,Vaddhaka,Vaddhaka,[vaddha+ka] in cpd.<i>aṁsa°</i> “shoulder strap” should be the uniform reading for a series of diff.spellings (°vaṭṭaka,°baddhaka,°bandhaka) at Vin.I,204; II,114; IV,170.Cp.Geiger,Zeitschrift fur Buddhismus IV.107.(Page 599) ,8,1
  14434. 456041,en,15,vaddhaki,vaḍḍhaki,Vaḍḍhaki,Vaḍḍhaki,(&<i>Vaḍḍhakī</i>) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.vardhaki &#38; vardhakin; perhaps from <i>vardh</i> to cut:see vaddheti] a carpenter,builder,architect,mason.On their craft and guilds see Fick,Sociale Gliederung 181 sq.; Mrs.Rh.D.Cambridge Hist.Ind.I.206.-- The word is specially characteristic of the Jātakas and other popular (later) literature J.I,32,201,247; II,170; VI,332 sq.432; Ap.51; DhA.I,269; IV,207; Vism.94; PvA.141; Mhbv 154.--<i>iṭṭha°</i> a stonemason Mhvs 35,102; <i>nagara°</i> the city architect Miln.331,345; <i>brāhmaṇa°</i> a brahmin carpenter J.IV,207; <i>mahā°</i> chief carpenter,master builder Vism.463.In metaphor <i>taṇhā</i> the artificer lust DhA.III,128.<br><br> <i>--gāma</i> a carpenter village J.II,18,405; IV,159.(Page 595) ,8,1
  14435. 456128,en,15,vaddhamana,vaḍḍhamāna,Vaḍḍhamāna,Vaḍḍhamāna,(nt.) at Dpvs XI.33 is probably equivalent to <i>vaḍḍhana</i> (6) in special sense at Mhvs 23,33,and designates a (pair of) special (ly costly) garment(s).One might think of meaning vaḍḍheti [BSk.vardhate] “to bid higher (at a sale),” as in Divy 403; AvŚ I.36,and explain as “that which causes higher bidding,” i.e.very precious.The passage is doubtful.It may simply mean “costly” (belonging to nandiyāvaṭṭaṁ); or is it to be read as <i>vaṭṭamāna</i>? (Page 595) ,10,1
  14436. 456139,en,15,vaddhamanaka,vaḍḍhamānaka,Vaḍḍhamānaka,Vaḍḍhamānaka,(adj.) [ppr.of vaḍḍheti+ka] growing,increasing,getting bigger; only in phrase <i>vaḍḍhamānaka-cchāyāya</i> (Loc.) with growing shade,as the shadows lengthened,when evening drew near DhA.I,96,416; II,79; Mhvs 19,40.(Page 595) ,12,1
  14437. 456169,en,15,vaddhana,vaḍḍhana,Vaḍḍhana,Vaḍḍhana,(nt. &#38; adj.) [fr.vaḍḍheti; see also vaddhana] 1.increasing,augmenting,fostering; increase,enlargement,prolongation M.I,518 (hāyana° decrease &#38; increase); J.III,422 (kula°,spelling ddh); Mhvs 35,73 (āyussa); DhsA.406; PvA.31; Miln.320 (bala° strengthincreasing); Dhtp 109; Sdhp.361.-- 2.indulgence in,attachment; serving,practising Sn.1084 (takka°); J.I,146 (kaṭasi°,q.v. &#38; cp.vaḍḍheti 6); Vism.111 (°âvaḍḍhana),152,320.Here belong the phrases raja° &#38; loka°.-- 3.arrangement J.VI,11 (paṭhavi-vaḍḍhanaka-kamma the act of attending to,i.e.smoothing the ground).-- 4.serving for,enhancing,favouring Pv III,3<sup>6</sup> (rati-nandi°).-- 5.potsherd [connected with <i>vardh</i>? See vaddheti] J.III,226 (C.kaṭhalika; uncertain).-- 6.a kind of garment,as <i>puṇṇa°</i> (full of costliness? but perhaps not connected with vaḍḍh° at all) Mhvs 23,33 &#38; 37 (where C.expl<sup>s</sup>:anagghāni evaṁnāmikāni vattha-yugāni).Cp.vaḍḍhamāna.(Page 595) ,8,1
  14438. 456179,en,15,vaddhana,vaddhana,Vaddhana,Vaddhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vṛdh</em><i>;</i> see the usual vaḍḍhana] increase,furthering J.III,422 (kula°); Sdhp.247 (pīti°),307 (id.).(Page 599) ,8,1
  14439. 456194,en,15,vaddhanaka,vaḍḍhanaka,Vaḍḍhanaka,Vaḍḍhanaka,(adj.) [fr.vaḍḍhana,cp.vaḍḍheti 4] serving,in f.<i>°ikā</i> a serving (of food),a dish (bhatta°) DhA 188 (so read for vaḍḍhinikā).(Page 595) ,10,1
  14440. 456291,en,15,vaddhati,vaḍḍhati,Vaḍḍhati,Vaḍḍhati,[Vedic vardhati,<em>vṛdh</em>,cp.Av.v∂r∂daiti to increase.To this root belongs P.<i>uddha</i> “high up” (=Gr.orqόs straight).Def<sup>d</sup> at Dhtp 109 simply as “vaḍḍhane”] primary meaning “to increase” (trs. &#38; intrs.); hence:to keep on,to prosper,to multiply,to grow S.I,15 (read vaḍḍh° for vaṭṭ°); II,206 (vaṇṇena); IV,73,250; A.V,249 (paññāya); Sn.329 (paññā ca sutañ ca); J.III,131 (porāṇaṁ vaḍḍhaṁ vaḍḍhataṁ,imper.med.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.); V,66 (sadā so vaḍḍhate rājā sukka-pakkhe va candimā); Pv.I,1<sup>2</sup> (dātā puññena v.); Pug.71; Miln.9; Mhvs 7,68 (putta-dhītāhi vaḍḍhitvā having numerous sons &#38; daughters); 22,73 (ubho vaḍḍhiṁsu dārakā,grew up); SnA 319; PvA.94.-- ppr.<i>vaḍḍhamāna</i> (1) thriving KhA 119 (read as Vaḍḍh°,Np.); -- (2) increasing J.I,199 (putta-dhītāhi); Mhvs 23,34 (°chāyāyaṁ as the shadows increased).-- See also <i>pari°</i>.-- pp.<i>vaḍḍha</i>,<i> vaddha</i>,<i> vuḍḍha</i>,<i> vuddha</i>,<i> buḍḍha</i>.-- Caus.I.<i>vaḍḍheti</i>,in many shades of meaning,all based upon the notion of progressive motion.Thus to be translated in any of the foll.senses:to increase,to make move on (cp.vv.ll.vaṭṭeti),to bring on to,to further; to take an interest in,to indulge in,practise; to be busy with,cause to prosper; to arrange; to make for; and in a general sense “to make” (cp.derivation vaḍḍhaka “maker,” i.e.tailor; vaḍḍhaki id.i.e.carpenter; vaḍḍhana,etc.).The latter development into “make” is late.-- 1.to increase,to raise Sn.275 (rajaṁ); DA.I,115; Mhvs 29,66 (maṅgalaṁ to raise the chant); PvA.168 (+brūheti).-- 2.to cultivate (vipassanaṁ insight) J.I,117 (aor.°esi); PvA.14.-- 3.to rear,to bring up Mhvs 35,103 (aor.vaḍḍhesi).-- 4.(with ref.to food) to get ready,arrange,serve in (Loc.) J.III,445 (pātiyā on the dish); IV,67 (karoṭiyaṁ),391.-- 5.to exalt J.I,338 (akulīne vaḍḍhessati).-- 6.to participate in,to practise,attend to,to serve (Acc.) S.II,109 (tanhaṁ); A.II,54 (kaṭasiṁ to serve the cemetery,i.e.to die again and again:see refs.under kaṭasi); Vism.111 (kasiṇaṁ),152.-- 7.to make move on,to set into motion (for vaṭṭeti?),in <i>tasaraṁ v</i>.SnA 265,266.-- 8.to take up Mhvs 26,10 (kuntaṁ).-- pp.<i>vaḍḍhita</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>vaḍḍhāpeti:</i> 1.to cause to be enlarged Mhvs 35,119.‹-› 2.to cause to be brought up or reared J.I,455.-- 3.to have attended to Vin.II,134 (massuṁ).-- 4.to cause to be made up (of food) J.IV,68.(Page 595) ,8,1
  14441. 456305,en,15,vaddhava,vaddhava,Vaddhava,Vaddhava,(nt.) [fr.vaddha<sup>1</sup> 2] joy,pleasure J.V,6 (but C.=paṇḍita-bhāva).(Page 599) ,8,1
  14442. 456309,en,15,vaddhavya,vaddhavya,Vaddhavya,Vaddhavya,(nt.) [fr.vaddha<sup>1</sup> 1] (old) age J.II,137 (=vuddhabhāva,mahallakatā C.).(Page 599) ,9,1
  14443. 456364,en,15,vaddheti,vaddheti,Vaddheti,Vaddheti,[fr.<em>vardh</em> to cut,cp.vaḍḍhaka &#38; vaḍḍhakī] to cut off,is Kern’s proposed reading (see Toev.s.v.) at J.VI,527 (siro vaddhayitvāna) for <i>vajjheti</i> (T.reading <i>vajjhayitvāna</i>).(Page 600) ,8,1
  14444. 456400,en,15,vaddhi,vaḍḍhi,Vaḍḍhi,Vaḍḍhi,(f.) [fr.<em>vṛdh</em>,Vedic vṛddhi refreshment etc.which is differentiated in Pāli into vuddhi &#38; vaḍḍhi] 1.increase,growth (cp.Cpd.251 sq.) S.IV,250 (ariya°); J.II,426 (=phāti); Miln.109 (guṇa°); DhsA.327; DhA.III,335 (avaḍḍhi=parihāni).-- 2.welfare,good fortune,happiness J.V,101; VI,330.-- 3.(as t.t.) profit,interest (on money,esp.loans) Th.2,444 (=iṇa-vaḍḍhi ThA.271); DA.I,212,270; VbhA.256 (in simile); SnA 179 (°gahaṇa).(Page 595) ,6,1
  14445. 456409,en,15,vaddhi,vaddhi,Vaddhi,Vaddhi,in <i>antavaddhi</i> at J.I,260 is to be read as vaṭṭi.(Page 599) ,6,1
  14446. 456434,en,15,vaddhika,vaḍḍhika,Vaḍḍhika,Vaḍḍhika,(adj.) [fr.vaḍḍhi] leading to increase,augmenting,prosperous Miln.351 (ekanta°,equal to aparihāniya).(Page 595) ,8,1
  14447. 456495,en,15,vaddhita,vaḍḍhita,Vaḍḍhita,Vaḍḍhita,[pp.of vaḍḍheti] 1.increased,augmented; raised,enlarged; big Th.1,72 (su-su°); DA.I,115; DhsA.188,364; J.V,340 (°kāya).-- 2.grown up DhA.I,126.‹-› 3.brought up,reared J.I,455.-- 4.served,indulged,supplied:see <i>kaṭasi°</i> (S.II,178 e.g.).(Page 596) ,8,1
  14448. 456693,en,15,vadha,vadha,Vadha,Vadha,[fr.<em>vadh</em>] striking,killing; slaughter,destruction,execution D.III,176; A.II,113; Pug.58; J.II,347; Miln.419 (°kata); DhA.I,69 (pāṇa°+pāṇa-ghāta),80,296; DhA.II,39; VbhA.382.-- <i>vadhaṁ dadāti</i> to flog J.IV,382.-- <i>atta°</i> self-destruction S.II,241; <i>piti°</i> parricide DA.I,153; <i>miga°</i> hunting J.I,149.<br><br> <i>--bandhana</i> flogging and binding (imprisoning).In this connection <i>vadh</i> is given as a separate root at Dhtp 172 &#38; 384 in meaning “bandhana.” See A.II,209; V,206; Sn.242 (vadha-cheda-bandhana; v.is expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 285 as “sattānaṁ daṇḍ’ādīhi ākoṭanan” i.e.beating) 623 (=poṭhana SnA 467); J.I,435; IV,11; VbhA.97.(Page 600) ,5,1
  14449. 456725,en,15,vadhaka,vadhaka,Vadhaka,Vadhaka,[fr.<em>vadh</em>] slaying,killing; murderous; a murderer S.III,112 (in simile); IV,173 (id.); A.IV,92 (id.); Th.2,347; D.III,72 (°citta); KhA 27; VvA.72 (°cetanā murderous intention); Vism.230,231 (in sim.); Sdhp.58.‹-› f.<i>vadhikā</i> J.V,425 (pl.°āyo).(Page 600) ,7,1
  14450. 456785,en,15,vadhati,vadhati,Vadhati,Vadhati,[Vedic <em>vadh</em><i>;</i> the root is given at Dhtp 169 in meaning of “hiṁsā”] to strike,punish; kill,slaughter,slay; imper.2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>vadhetha</i> Vism.314; ger.<i>vadhitvā</i> M.I,159; D.I,98; J.I,12; IV,67; SnA 257 (hiṁsitvā+); fut.<i>vadhissati</i> Mhvs 25,62; aor.<i>vadhi</i> J.I,18 (cp.ud-abbadhi); cond.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>vadhissaṁ</i> Miln.221.-- grd.<i>vajjha:</i> see <i>a°</i>.-- Caus.<i>vadheti</i> J.I,168; Miln.109.‹-› pp.<i>vadhita</i>.(Page 600) ,7,1
  14451. 456856,en,15,vadhita,vadhita,Vadhita,Vadhita,[pp.of vadheti] smitten Th.1,783=M.II,73 (not with Kern,Toev.s.v.=vyathita).(Page 600) ,7,1
  14452. 456886,en,15,vadhu,vadhū,Vadhū,Vadhū,(f.) [Ved.vadhū; to Lith.vedù to lead into one’s house] a daughter-in-law VvA.123.(Page 600) ,5,1
  14453. 456899,en,15,vadhuka,vadhukā,Vadhukā,Vadhukā,(f.) [fr.vadhū] a daughter-in-law,a young wife A.II,78; DhA.III,260.(Page 600) ,7,1
  14454. 456926,en,15,vadika,vādika,Vādika,Vādika,<sup>2</sup> [?] a species of bird J.VI,538 (v.l.vāj°).(Page 608) ,6,1
  14455. 456927,en,15,vadika,vādika,Vādika,Vādika,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) (--°) [fr.vāda] speaking,talking (of) Mhvs 5,60 (pāra° speaking of the farther shore,i.e.wishing him across the sea).(Page 608) ,6,1
  14456. 456940,en,15,vadin,vādin,Vādin,Vādin,(adj.) (--°) [fr.vāda] speaking (of),saying,asserting,talking; professing,holding a view or doctrine; arguing.Abs.only at A.II,138 (cattāro vādī four kinds of disputants); Sn.382 (ye vā pi c’aññe vādino professing their view).Otherwise --°,e.g.in agga° “teacher of things supreme” Th.1,1142; uccheda° professing the doctrine of annihilation Nett 111 (see uccheda); kāla°,bhūta° attha° etc.speaking in time,the truth &#38; good etc.D.I,4,165; A.I,202; V,205,265,328; caṇḍāla° uttering the word C.Mhvs 5,60; tathā° speaking thus,consistent or true speaker D.III,135; Sn.430; dhamma° professing the true doctrine S.III,138; in comb<sup>n</sup> with vinaya-vādin as much as “orthodox” Vin.III,175; mahā° a great doctrinaire or scholar SnA 540; yatha° cp.tathā°-; sacca° speaking the truth A.II,212; the Buddha so-called Th.II,252 f.; vaṇṇa° singing the praises (of) Vin.II,197.(Page 608) ,5,1
  14457. 456969,en,15,vadita,vādita,Vādita,Vādita,(nt.) [pp.of vādeti] (instrumental) music D.I,6; III,183; A.I,212; II,209; DhA.IV,75; DA.I,77.(Page 608) ,6,1
  14458. 456990,en,15,vaditar,vāditar,Vāditar,Vāditar,[n.ag.fr.vādeti] a speaker,one who professes or has a doctrine D.III,232; A.II,246; IV,307.(Page 608) ,7,1
  14459. 457043,en,15,vagama,vāgamā,Vāgamā,Vāgamā,at Mhvs 19,28 (tadahe v.rājā) is to be read <i>(tadah’ev) āgamā</i>,i.e.came on the same day.The passage is corrupt:see trsl<sup>n</sup> p.130.(Page 606) ,6,1
  14460. 457053,en,15,vagga,vagga,Vagga,Vagga,<sup>2</sup> (adj.-nt.) [vi+agga,Sk.vyagra; opposed to samagga] dissociated,separated; incomplete; at difference,dissentious Vin.I,111 sq.129,160; IV,53 (saṅgha); A.I,70 (parisā); II,240.-- Instr.<i>vaggena</i> separately,secessionally,sectariously Vin.I,161; IV,37,126.<br><br> <i>--ārāma</i> fond of dissociation or causing separation M.I,286; It.11 (+adhamma-ṭṭha; trsl<sup>n</sup> Seidenstücker not quite to the point:rejoicing in parties,i.e.vagga<sup>1</sup>) =Vin.II,205.<i>--kamma</i> (ecclesiastical) act of an incomplete chapter of bhikkhus Vin.I,315 sq.(opp.sam‹-› <i>agga-kamma)</i>.<i> --rata</i>=°ārāma.(Page 591) ,5,1
  14461. 457054,en,15,vagga,vagga,Vagga,Vagga,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic varga,fr.<em>vṛj</em><i>;</i> cp.Lat.volgus &#38; vulgus (=E.vulgar) crowd,people] 1.a company,section,group,party Vin.I,58 (du°,ti°),195 (dasa° a chapter of 10 bhikkhus).-- 2.a section or chapter of a canonical book DhA.I,158 (eka-vagga-dvi-vagga-mattam pi); DhsA.27.<br><br> <i>--uposatha</i> celebration (of the uposatha) in groups,“incomplete congregation” (trsl<sup>n</sup> Oldenberg) Dpvs 7,36.More likely to vagga<sup>2</sup>! <i>--gata</i> following a (sectarian) party (Bdhgh identifies this with the 62 diṭṭhigatikā SnA 365) S.I,187; Sn.371.<i>--bandha</i>,in Instr.°ena group by group Mhvs 32,11.<i>--bandhana</i> banded together,forming groups DhA.IV,93,94.<i>--vagga</i> in crowds,confused,heaped up J.VI,224; PvA.54.<i>--vādaka</i> taking somebody’s part Vin.III,175.<i>--sārin</i> conforming to a (heretic) party Sn.371,800,912; Nd<sup>1</sup> 108,329.(Page 591) ,5,1
  14462. 457108,en,15,vaggana,vaggana,Vaggana,Vaggana,see vaggati (ref.of Vv 64<sup>9</sup>).(Page 591) ,7,1
  14463. 457150,en,15,vaggati,vaggati,Vaggati,Vaggati,[<em>valg</em>,to which belong Oicel.valka to roll; <i>Ags</i>.wealkan=E.walk] to jump Vv 64<sup>9</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> at VvA.278 as “kadāci pade padaṁ” [better:padāpadaṁ?] nikkhipantā vagganena gamane [read:vagga-gamanena] gacchanti); J.II,335,404; IV,81,343; V,473.(Page 591) ,7,1
  14464. 457156,en,15,vaggatta,vaggatta,Vaggatta,Vaggatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vagga<sup>2</sup>] distraction,dissension,secession,sectarianism Vin.I,316 (opp.samaggatta).(Page 591) ,8,1
  14465. 457189,en,15,vaggiya,vaggiya,Vaggiya,Vaggiya,(--°) (adj.) [fr.vagga<sup>1</sup>] belonging to a group,forming a company,a party of (--°),e.g.pañcavaggiyā therā J.I,57,82; bhikkhū M.I,70; II,94; chabbaggiyā bhikkhū (the group of 6 bh.) Vin.I,111 sq.316 sq. &#38; passim; sattarasa-vaggiyā bhikkhū (group of 17) Vin.IV,112.(Page 591) ,7,1
  14466. 457204,en,15,vaggu,vaggu,Vaggu,Vaggu,(adj.) [cp.Vedic valgu,fr.valg; freq.in comb<sup>n</sup> with vadati “to speak lovely words”] lovely,beautiful,pleasant,usually of sound (sara) D.II,20 (°ssara); S.I,180,190; Sn.350,668; Vv 5<sup>3</sup>,36<sup>1</sup>,364 (°rūpa),50<sup>18</sup> (girā),63<sup>6</sup>,64<sup>10</sup> (ghoso suvaggu),64<sup>20</sup>,67<sup>2</sup>,84<sup>17</sup>; Pv.I,11<sup>3</sup>; II,12<sup>1</sup>; III,3<sup>4</sup>; J.II,439; III,21; V,215; Sdhp.245.The foll.synonyms are frequently given in VvA. &#38; PvA.as expl<sup>ns</sup> of vaggu:abhirūpa,cāru,madhura,rucira,savanīya,siniddha,sundara,sobhaṇa.<br><br> --vada of lovely speech or enunciation Sn.955 (=madhura-vada,pemaniya-vada,hadayaṅgama°,karavīkaruda-mañju-ssara Nd<sup>1</sup> 446).(Page 591) ,5,1
  14467. 457218,en,15,vagguli,vagguli,Vagguli,Vagguli, &#38; <i>Vaggulī</i> (m. &#38; f.) [cp.Sk.valgulī,of valg to flutter] a bat Vin.II,148; Miln.364,404; Vism.663 (in simile); DhA.III,223.<br><br> --rukkha a tree on which bats live Vism.74.--vata “bat-practice,” a certain practice of ascetics J.I,493; III,235; IV,299.(Page 591) ,7,1
  14468. 457267,en,15,vagura,vāgura,Vāgura,Vāgura, &#38; °ā (f.) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.vāgurā; to Idg.<i>*ǔeg</i> to weave,as in Lat.velum sail,Ags.wecca=E.wick; Ohg.waba=Ger.wabe] a net; as <i>°a</i> J.VI,170; KhA 47 (sūkara°); ThA.78; as <i>°ā</i> J.VI,582.Another P.form is vākarā.(Page 606) ,6,1
  14469. 457289,en,15,vaha,vaha,Vaha,Vaha,(-°) [fr.<em>vah</em>] 1.bringing,carrying,leading Pv.I,5<sup>8</sup> (vāri° river=mahānadī PvA.29); S.I,103; PvA.13 (anattha°).Doubtful in hetu-<i>vahe</i> Pv.II,8<sup>5</sup>,better with v.l.<i>°vaco</i>,expl<sup>d</sup> by sakāraṇa-vacana PvA.109.-- 2.a current J.IV,260 (Gaṅgā°); V,388 (mahā°).-- Cp.<i>vāha</i>.(Page 606) ,4,1
  14470. 457302,en,15,vaha,vāha,Vāha,Vāha,(adj.-n.) [fr.<em>vah</em>] 1.carrying,leading; a leader,as in <i>sattha°</i> a caravan leader,merchant J.I,271; Vv 84<sup>7</sup>; 84<sup>20</sup>; VvA.337.-- 2.a cart,vehicle; also cartload Sn.p.126 (tila°=tila-sakaṭa SnA 476); J.IV,236 (saṭṭhi°sahassāni 60,000 cartloads); Miln.80 (°sataṁ).(Page 611) ,4,1
  14471. 457323,en,15,vahaka,vāhaka,Vāhaka,Vāhaka,[fr.vāheti] that which carries (or causes to carry) away,i.e.a current,torrent,flow; only in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>udaka°</i> a flood of water A.I,178; Vin.I,32; Miln.176.(Page 611) ,6,1
  14472. 457341,en,15,vahana,vahana,Vahana,Vahana,(adj.nt.) [fr.<em>vah</em>] 1.carrying VvA.316; DhA.III,472 (dhura°).-- 2.a current J.IV,260.(Page 606) ,6,1
  14473. 457352,en,15,vahana,vāhana,Vāhana,Vāhana,[fr.vāheti] 1.(adj.) carrying,pulling,drawing Vin.II,122 (udaka°-rajju); J.I,136 (kaṭṭha° gathering fire-wood); PvA.127 (ratha-yuga°).-- 2.(nt.) conveyance,beast of burden,monture Vin.I,277 (°āgāra stable,garage); Sn.442 (Māra sa° with his elephant); Pv.II,9<sup>26</sup>; DhA.I,192 (hatthi°,elephant-mount; cp.p.196,where five.vāhanāni,belonging to King Pajjota,are enum<sup>d</sup>,viz.kaṇeru,dāsa,dve assā,hatthi).-- <i>bala°</i> army &#38; elephants,i.e.army in general,forces J.I,262.(Page 611) ,6,1
  14474. 457363,en,15,vahanaka,vahanaka,Vahanaka,Vahanaka,(adj.) (-°) [vahana+ka] carrying,bearing J.II,97 (dhura°).(Page 606) ,8,1
  14475. 457367,en,15,vahanaka,vāhanaka,Vāhanaka,Vāhanaka,=vāha 1; VvA.337.(Page 611) ,8,1
  14476. 457414,en,15,vahasa,vāhasā,Vāhasā,Vāhasā,(indecl.) [an Instr.of vāha,formed after the manner of balasā,thāmasā,used adverbially] owing to,by dint of,on account of,through Vin.IV,158; Th.1,218,1127; Miln.379; VvA.100.(Page 611) ,6,1
  14477. 457438,en,15,vahati,vahati,Vahati,Vahati,[<em>vah</em>,Idg.<i>*ǔeĝh</i> to drive,lead,cp.Sk.vahitra= Lat.vehiculum=E.vehicle; Gr.o]/xos waggon,Av.vaƶaiti to lead,Lat.veho to drive etc.; Goth.ga-wigan =Ohg.wegan=Ger.bewegen; Goth.wēgs=Ger.weg,E.way; Ohg.wagan=E.waggon,etc.-- Dhtp 333 &#38; Dhtm 498:vaha <i>pāpuṇane</i>] 1.to carry,bear,transport J.IV,260; PvA.14 (=dhāreti); Miln.415 (of iron:carry weight).-- imper.<i>vaha</i> Vv 81<sup>17</sup>; inf.<i>vahituṁ</i> PvA.122 (perhaps superfluous); grd.<i>vahitabba</i> Mhvs 23,93.‹-› 2.to proceed,to do one’s work M.I,444; Mhvs 34,4 guḷayantaṁ vahitvāna,old var.reading for P.T.S.ed.T.reading guḷayantamhi katvāna.-- 3.to work,to be able,to have power A.I,282.-- Pass.<i>vuyhati</i> (Sk.uhyate) to be carried (along) Vin.I,106; Th.1,88; ppr.<i>vuyhamāna</i> S.IV,179; Th.1,88; J.IV,260; PvA.153; pass.also <i>vahīyati</i> PvA.56 (=nīyati); ppr.<i>vahīyamāna</i> Miln.397.-- pp.<i>ūḷha</i> (see soḍha),<i>vuḷha </i>&<i> vūḷha</i> (būḷha).-- Caus.<i>vāheti</i> to cause to go,to carry,to drive away Vin.II,237; Sn.282; J.VI,443.-- ppr.<i>vāhiyamāna</i> (in med.pass.sense) J.VI,125.-- pp.<i>vahita</i> (for vāh°) Miln.346.Cp.<i>ubbahati<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 606) ,6,1
  14478. 457478,en,15,vaheti,vāheti,Vāheti,Vāheti,is Caus.of <i>vahati</i> (q.v.).(Page 611) ,6,1
  14479. 457511,en,15,vahin,vāhin,Vāhin,Vāhin,(adj.-n.) [fr.vāha] carrying,conveying J.VI,125 (haya° running by means of horses,i.e.drawn by horses); also as poetical expression for “horse” J.VI,252 (=sindhava C.).The reading <i>vāhin</i> at Mhvs 22,52 is given as v.l.for T.<i>vājin</i> in P.T.S.ed.-- f.<i>vāhinī</i>,an army J.III,77 (miga°; expl<sup>d</sup> as “aneka-sahassa-saṅkhā migasenā”); VI,581.(Page 611) ,5,1
  14480. 457584,en,15,vaja,vaja,Vaja,Vaja,[Vedic vraja:see vajati] a cattle-fold,cow-pen A.III,393; J.II,300; III,270,379; Vism.166,279; DhA.I,126,396.-- <i>giribbaja</i> a (cattle or sheep) run on the mountain J.III,479; as Npl.at Sn.408.(Page 593) ,4,1
  14481. 457597,en,15,vaja,vāja,Vāja,Vāja,[cp.Vedic vāja strength; Idg.<i>*ǔeĝ</i>,cp.vājeti,vajra (P.vajira); Lat.vegeo to be alert [“vegetation”],vigeo to be strong [“vigour”]; Av.vaƶra; Oicel.wakr=Ags.wacor=Ger.wacker; E.wake,etc.] 1.strength,a strength-giving drink,Soma SnA 322.‹-› 2.the feather of an arrow J.IV,260; V,130.(Page 607) ,4,1
  14482. 457622,en,15,vajalla,vajalla,Vajalla,Vajalla,see <i>rajo-vajalla</i>.(Page 593) ,7,1
  14483. 457644,en,15,vajapeyya,vājapeyya,Vājapeyya,Vājapeyya,[cp.Vedic vājapeya; see Macdonell,Vedic Mythology pp.131 sq.155,quoting Weber,Vājapeya; Banerjea,Public Administration etc.92] the vājapeya sacrifice,a soma offering.Spelling often <i>vāca°</i> (mostly as v.l.); see S.I,76; A.II,42; IV,151; Sn.303; It.21; Miln.219; J.III,518.Cp.<i>peyya<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 607) ,9,1
  14484. 457661,en,15,vajati,vajati,Vajati,Vajati,[Vedic <i>vraj</i>,cp.Ved.vraja (=P.vaja) &#38; vṛjana enclosure=Av.v∂r∂ƶ &schwamacr;na-,with which cp.Gr.ei)ρgnumi to enclose,ei(rgmόs,Lat.vergo to turn; Gaelic fraigh hurdle; Ags.wringan=E.wring=Ger.ringen,E.wrinkle =Ger.renken,and many others,see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.vergo.-- The Dhtp (59) defines <i>vaj</i> (together with <i>aj</i>) by “gamana”] to go,proceed,get to (Acc.),lit.to turn to (cp.<em>vṛj</em>,vṛṇakti,pp.vṛkta,which latter coincides with vṛtta of <em>vṛt</em> in P.vatta:see vatta<sup>1</sup> &#38; cp.vajjeti to avoid,vajjita,vajjana etc.) Sn.121,381,729 (jātimaraṇa-saṁsāraṁ),1143; J.III,401; IV,103 (nirayaṁ); Pv IV.1<sup>72</sup> (Pot.vajeyya); Nd<sup>2</sup> 423 (=gacchati kamati); Mhvs 11,35 (imper.vaja as v.l.; T.reads bhaja).See cpds.anubbajati,upabb°,pabb°,paribb°.(Page 593) ,6,1
  14485. 457701,en,15,vajin,vājin,Vājin,Vājin,(adj.-n.) [fr.vāja] possessed of strength or swiftness; a horse,stallion Dāvs.I,31; V,35 (sita°),53 (sasi-paṇḍara°); VvA.278.(Page 607) ,5,1
  14486. 457708,en,15,vajira,vajira,Vajira,Vajira,<sup>2</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Sk.vajra=vajira<sup>1</sup>] a diamond A.I,124 (°ûpamacitta)=Pug.30; Dh.161; J.IV,234; Miln.118,267,278; Mhvs 30,95; KhA 110 (°saṅkhāta-kāya); DhA.I,387 (°panti row of diamonds),392 sq.(Page 593) ,6,1
  14487. 457709,en,15,vajira,vajira,Vajira,Vajira,<sup>1</sup> [cp.Vedic vajira,Indra’s thunderbolt; Idg.*ǔeĝ=Sk.<em>vaj</em>,cp.Lat.vegeo to thrive,vigeo›vigour; Av.vaƶra; Oicel.vakr=Ags.wacor=Ger.wacker; also E.wake etc.See also vājeti] a thunderbolt; usually with ref.to Sakka’s (=Indra’s) weapon D.I,95=M.I,231 (ayasa); Th.1,419; J.I,134 (vajira-pūritā viya garukā kucchi “as if filled with Sakka’s thunderbolt.” Dutoit takes it in meaning vajira<sup>2</sup> and trsl<sup>s</sup> “with diamonds”); SnA 225 (°āvudha the weapon of Sakka).<br><br> <i>--pāṇin</i> having a thunderbolt in his hand (N.of a yakkha) D.I,95=M.I.231.(Page 593) ,6,1
  14488. 457851,en,15,vajita,vājita,Vājita,Vājita,(adj.) [pp.of vājeti:see vāja] feathered (of an arrow) M.I,429.(Page 607) ,6,1
  14489. 457865,en,15,vajja,vajja,Vajja,Vajja,vajjā,vajjuṁ<i>:</i> Pot.of <em>vad</em>,see <i>vadati</i>.(Page 593) ,5,1
  14490. 457866,en,15,vajja,vajja,Vajja,Vajja,<sup>2</sup> (adj.-nt.) [cp.Sk.vādya,grd.of <em>vad</em>] 1.“to be said,” i.e.speaking D.I,53 (sacca°=sacca-vacana DA.I,160).See also mosa-vajja.-- 2.“to be sounded,” i.e.musical instrument J.I,500 (°bheri).(Page 593) ,5,1
  14491. 457867,en,15,vajja,vajja,Vajja,Vajja,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [grd.of vajjati,cp.Sk.varjya] that which should be avoided,a fault,sin D.II,38; S.I,221; Vin.II,87 (thūla° a grave sin); A.I,47,98; IV,140; Ps.I,122; Dh.252; VbhA.342 (syn.with dosa and garahitabba); KhA 23 (paṇṇatti° &#38; pakati°),24 (id.),190 (loka°); DA.I,181 (=akusala-dhamma).Freq.in phrase:aṇumattesu vajjesu bhaya-dassāvin “seeing a source of fear even in the slightest sins” D.I,63; S.V,187 and passim.<i>--°dassin</i> finding fault Dh.76 (expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at DhA.II,107).--<i>anavajja </i>&<i> sāvajja</i>,the relation of which to vajja is doubtful,see avajja.(Page 593) ,5,1
  14492. 457940,en,15,vajjana,vajjana,Vajjana,Vajjana,(nt.) [fr.vajjati] avoidance,shunning Vism.5 (opp.sevana); DhA.III,417.(Page 593) ,7,1
  14493. 457953,en,15,vajjaniya,vajjanīya,Vajjanīya,Vajjanīya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.vajjati<sup>1</sup>] to be avoided,to be shunned; improper Miln.166 (i.e.bad or uneven parts of the wood),224.(Page 593) ,9,1
  14494. 458039,en,15,vajjati,vajjati,Vajjati,Vajjati,<sup>2</sup> Pass of <em>vad</em>,see <i>vadati</i>.(Page 593) ,7,1
  14495. 458040,en,15,vajjati,vajjati,Vajjati,Vajjati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>vṛj</em>,Vedic vṛṇakti &#38; varjati to turn; in etym.related to vajati.Dhtp 547:“vajjane”] to turn etc.; only as Pass.form <i>vajjati</i> [in form=Ved.vṛjyate] to be avoided,to be excluded from (Abl.) Miln.227; KhA 160 (°itabba,in pop.etym.of <i>Vajjī</i>).-- Caus.<i>vajjeti</i> (*varjayati) to avoid,to abstain from,renounce Sdhp.10,11,200.Cp.pari°,vi°.(Page 593) ,7,1
  14496. 458052,en,15,vajjavant,vajjavant,Vajjavant,Vajjavant,(adj.) [vajja<sup>1</sup>+vant] sinful S.III,194.(Page 593) ,9,1
  14497. 458149,en,15,vajjha,vajjha,Vajjha,Vajjha,(adj.) [grd.of vadhati] to be killed,slaughtered or executed; object of execution; meriting death Vin.IV,226; Sn.580 (go vajjho viya); J.II,402 (cora); VI,483 (=vajjhappatta cora C.); Vism.314; KhA 27.--<i>avajjha</i> not to be slain,scathless Sn.288 (brāhmaṇa); Miln.221=J.V,49; Miln.257 (°kavaca invulnerable armour).<br><br> <i>--ghāta</i> a slaughterer,executioner Th.2,242 (cp.ThA.204).--cora a robber (i.e.criminal) waiting to be executed PvA.153.<i>--paṭaha-bheri</i> the execution drum PvA.4.<i>--bhāvapatta</i> condemned to death J.I,439.<i>--sūkariyo</i> (pl.) sows which had no young,barren sows (read vañjha°!) J.II,406.(Page 593) ,6,1
  14498. 458156,en,15,vajjha,vajjhā,Vajjhā,Vajjhā,(f.) [cp.Sk.vadhyā] execution; only in cpd.(as vajjha°) <i>°ppatta</i> condemned to death,about to be executed Vin.IV,226; J.II,119,264; VI,483.(Page 593) ,6,1
  14499. 458182,en,15,vajjhaka,vajjhaka,Vajjhaka,Vajjhaka,(adj.) (-°)=vajjha DhsA.239.(Page 593) ,8,1
  14500. 458197,en,15,vajjheti,vajjheti,Vajjheti,Vajjheti,[denom.fr.vajjha] to destroy,kill J.VI,527 (siro vajjhayitvāna).Kern,Toev.s.v.vaddh° proposes reading <i>vaddhayitvāna</i> (of a root <em>vardh</em> to cut),cutting off is perhaps better.The expression is hapax legomenon.(Page 593) ,8,1
  14501. 458336,en,15,vajula,vajuḷa,Vajuḷa,Vajuḷa,[cp.Sk.vañjula.Given as vañjula at Abhp 553] N.of several plants,a tree (the ratan:Halāyudha 2,46) J.V,420.See also <i>vaṅgati</i>.(Page 593) ,6,1
  14502. 458338,en,15,vak,vāk,Vāk,Vāk,(°-) [Vedic vāc,for which the usual P.form is vācā] speech,voice,talk; only in cpd.<i>°karaṇa</i> talk,speaking,conversation,as <i>kālyāṇa-vāk-karaṇa</i> good speech A.II,97; III,195,261; IV,296 sq.; 328; V,155; abstr.<i>°ta</i> A.I,38.Cp.<i>vākya</i>.(Page 606) ,3,1
  14503. 458345,en,15,vaka,vaka,Vaka,Vaka,<sup>2</sup> (indecl.):a root <em>vak</em> is given at Dhtp 7 &#38; Dhtm 8 in meaning “ādāne,” i.e.grasping,together with a root <em>kuk</em> as synonym.It may refer to vaka<sup>1</sup> wolf,whereas <em>kuk</em> would explain <i>koka</i> wolf.The notion of voraciousness is prevalent in the characterization of the wolf (see all passages of vaka<sup>1</sup>,e.g.J.V,302).(Page 591) ,4,1
  14504. 458346,en,15,vaka,vaka,Vaka,Vaka,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic vṛka,Idg.*ǔḷqǔo=Lat.lupus,Gr.lu/kos,Lith.vilkas,Goth.wulfs=E.wolf etc.] wolf,only in poetry Sn.201; J.I,336; II,450; V,241,302.(Page 591) ,4,1
  14505. 458357,en,15,vaka,vāka,Vāka,Vāka,(nt.) [late Sk.valka,cp.P.vakka] the bark of a tree D.I,167; Vin.III,34; J.I,304; II,141; Vism.249=VbhA.232 (akka° &#38; makaci°); Miln.128.-- <i>avāka</i> without bark J.III,522.<br><br> <i>--cīra</i> (=cīvara) a bark garment worn by an ascetic Vin.III,34; A.I,240,295; J.I,8,304; V,132; Pug.55.<i>--maya</i> made of bark Vin.II,130.(Page 606) ,4,1
  14506. 458408,en,15,vakara,vākarā,Vākarā,Vākarā,<i>=vāgulā;</i> net,snare M.I,153 (daṇḍa°,Dvandva); II,65.-- As <i>vākara</i> at J.III,541; as <i>vākura</i> at Th.1,774.(Page 606) ,6,1
  14507. 458440,en,15,vakka,vakka,Vakka,Vakka,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [Vedic vṛkka] the kidney Sn.195; Kh III,; Miln.26; DhsA.140.In detail described as one of the 32 ākāras at Vism.255,356; VbhA.60,239,356.<br><br> <i>--pañcaka</i> the series of five (constituents of the body) beginning with the kidney.These are vakka,hadaya,yakana,kilomaka,pihaka:VbhA.249.(Page 591) ,5,1
  14508. 458441,en,15,vakka,vakka,Vakka,Vakka,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Vedic vakra; the usual P.form is vaṅka] crooked J.I,216.(Page 591) ,5,1
  14509. 458459,en,15,vakkala,vakkala,Vakkala,Vakkala,[cp.BSk.valkala (e.g.Jtm 210):see vāka] 1.the bark of a tree J.II,13 (°antara); III,522.-- 2.a bark garment (worn by ascetics):see <i>vakkali</i>.(Page 591) ,7,1
  14510. 458463,en,15,vakkalaka,vakkalaka,Vakkalaka,Vakkalaka,(“bark-like,” or “tuft”?) is at KhA 50 as the Vism.reading,where KhA reads daṇḍa.The P.T.S.ed.of Vism.(p.255) reads wrongly <i>cakkalaka</i>.(Page 591) ,9,1
  14511. 458471,en,15,vakkali,vakkali,Vakkali,Vakkali,[in comp<sup>n</sup> for in] wearing a garment of bark,an ascetic,lit.“barker” J.II,274 (°sadda the sound of the bark-garment-wearer).See also Np.Vakkali.(Page 591) ,7,1
  14512. 458476,en,15,vakkalika,vakkalika,Vakkalika,Vakkalika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.vakkala] in <i>danta°</i> peeling bark with one’s teeth,designation of a cert.kind of ascetics DA.I,271.(Page 591) ,9,1
  14513. 458494,en,15,vakkanga,vakkaṅga,Vakkaṅga,Vakkaṅga,[vakkaṁ+ga] a term for bird,poetically for <i>sakuṇa</i> J.I,216 (tesaṁ ubhosu passesu pakkhā vaṅkā jātā ti vakkaṅgā C.).(Page 591) ,8,1
  14514. 458616,en,15,vakkhati,vakkhati,Vakkhati,Vakkhati,is fut.of <em>vac</em><i>:</i> he will say,e.g.at Vin.II,190; IV,238.See vatti.(Page 591) ,8,1
  14515. 458641,en,15,vakula,vakula,Vakula,Vakula,[cp.*Sk.vakula] a tree (Mimusops elengi) J.V,420.(Page 591) ,6,1
  14516. 458663,en,15,vakya,vākya,Vākya,Vākya,(nt.) [fr.<em>vac</em><i>:</i> see vāk &#38; vācā; Vedic vākya] saying,speech,sentence,usually found in poetry only,e.g.D.II,166 (suṇantu bhonto mama eka-vākyaṁ); A.II,34 (sutvā arahato vākyaṁ); III,40 (katvāna vākyaṁ Asitassa tādino); Sn.1102 (=vacana Nd<sup>2</sup> 559); J.IV,5; V,78; Ap 25; KhA 166 (°opādāna resumption of the sentence); DhsA.324 (°bheda “significant sentence” trsl<sup>n</sup>).(Page 606) ,5,1
  14517. 458715,en,15,vala,vaḷa,Vaḷa,Vaḷa,at Vism.312 is to be read <i>vāḷa</i> <i>(snake)</i>,<i> in phrase vāḷehi upadduta “molested by snakes</i>.<i>” </i> (Page 603) ,4,1
  14518. 458724,en,15,vala,vāla,Vāla,Vāla,<sup>3</sup> (nt.) [=vāri,cp.late Sk.vāla] water; only in cpd.<i>°ja</i> a fish (cp.vārija).(Page 610) ,4,1
  14519. 458725,en,15,vala,vāla,Vāla,Vāla,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [cp.Sk.vyāla] malicious,troublesome,difficult Vin.II,299 (adhikaraṇa).(Page 610) ,4,1
  14520. 458726,en,15,vala,vāla,Vāla,Vāla,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic vāla; connected with Lat.adūlāre (ad+ ūlāre) to flatter (lit.wag the tail,like a dog),cp.E.adulation; Lith.valaī horse hair] 1.the hair of the tail,horse-hair,tail Vin.II,195=J.V,335 (pahaṭṭha-kaṇṇavāla with bristling ears &#38; tail,of an elephant); J.V,274 (so read for <i>phāla</i>,cp.p.268,V,113); PvA.285 (°koṭi,so read for <i>bāla°</i>); Sdhp.139.--pallaṅkassa vāle bhinditvā destroying the hair (-stuffing) of a couch Vin.II,170=DA.I,88; cp.Vin.IV,299:pallaṅko āharimehi vālehi kato.-- On v.in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,136.-- 2.a hair-sieve [also Vedic] M.I,229.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> the tip of a hair A.III,403; Miln.250 (°vedha hitting the tip of a hair,of an archer); DA.I,66.<i>--aṇḍupaka</i> a cert.material,head dress (?) A.I,209 (so read for vālanduka); Vism.142; DhsA.115 (reads leḍḍūpaka).--kambala a blanket made of horse-tails D.I,167; A.I,240,296; Pug.55.<i>--koṭi</i> the tip of the hair PvA.285.<i>--rajju</i> a cord made of hair S.II,238; A.IV,129; J.II,161.<i>--vījanī</i> a fan made of a Yak’s tail,a chowrie D.I,7.<i>--vedhin</i> (an archer) who can hit a hair J.I,58 (akkhaṇa-vedhin+); Vism.150; Mhvs 23,86 (sadda-vedhin vijju-vedhin+).The abstr.<i>°vedhā</i> hitting a hair,at Vism.150.-- fig.an acute arguer,a hair-splitter; in standing phrase <i>paṇḍitā nipuṇā kata-para-ppavādā vālavedhi-rūpā</i> at D.I,26; M.I,176; II,122; see expl<sup>n</sup> at DA.I,117.(Page 610) ,4,1
  14521. 458737,en,15,vala,vāḷa,Vāḷa,Vāḷa,<sup>2</sup> [misspelt for <i>vāda</i>?] music (?) Pgdp 83.(Page 610) ,4,1
  14522. 458738,en,15,vala,vāḷa,Vāḷa,Vāḷa,<sup>1</sup> [cp.late Sk.vyāḍa,see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 54<sup>6</sup>] 1.a snake Vism.312 (so read for <i>vaḷa</i>).-- 2.a beast of prey A.III,102 (amanussa); J.I,295; III,345 (°macchā predaceous fishes); Miln.23 (°vana forest of wild beasts).<br><br> <i>--miga</i> a beast of prey,predaceous animal,like tiger,leopard,etc.J.VI,569; DhA.I,171 (°ṭṭhāna); III,348 (°rocanā); Vism.180,239.(Page 610) ,4,1
  14523. 458753,en,15,valabha,vaḷabhā,Vaḷabhā,Vaḷabhā,[=vaḷavā?] is not clear; it occurs only in the expression (is it found in the Canon?) vaḷabhā-mukha a submarine fire or a purgatory Abhp 889.The Epic Sk.form is vaḍavā-mukha (Halāyudha I.70; III,1).(Page 603) ,7,1
  14524. 458768,en,15,valabhi,vaḷabhī,Vaḷabhī,Vaḷabhī,(f.) [cp.late (dial.) Sk.vaḍabhī] a roof; only in cpd.°ratha a large covered van (cp.yogga<sup>1</sup>) M.I,175 (sabba-setena vaḷabhī-rathena Sāvatthiyā niyyāti divā divaṁ); II,208 (id.),but vaḷavābhi-rathena); J.VI,266 (vaḷabhiyo=bhaṇḍa-sakaṭiyo C.).The expression reminds of vaḷavā-ratha.(Page 603) ,7,1
  14525. 458786,en,15,valadhi,vāladhi,Vāladhi,Vāladhi,[cp.Epic Sk.vāladhi] a tail (usually of a large animal) Th.1,695; J.I,63,149; VI,302; Pv.I,8<sup>3</sup>; Mhvs 10,59; VvA.252,Sdhp.621; Vism.36 quoting Ap.(Page 610) ,7,1
  14526. 458842,en,15,valahaka,valāhaka,Valāhaka,Valāhaka,[valāha+ka; of dial.origin; cp.Epic Sk.balāhaka] 1.a cloud,dark cloud,thundercloud S.I,212= Th.2,55; A.II,102; V,22; Th.1,760; Pug.42,43; Vv 68<sup>1</sup>; J.III,245; 270 (ghana°); Vism.285 (°paṭala); Miln.274; DhsA.317; VvA.12 (=abbhā).-- 2.N.of mythical horses S.III,145.<br><br> <i>--kāyikā</i> (devā) groups of cloud gods (viz.sīta°,uṇha°,abbha°,vāta°,vassa°) S.III,254.(Page 603) ,8,1
  14527. 458937,en,15,valahassa,valāhassa,Valāhassa,Valāhassa,[valāha+assa] cloud-horse J.II,129 (the Valāhassajātaka,pp.127 sq.); cp.BSk.Bālāh’āśva (-rājā) Divy 120 sq.(see Index Divy).(Page 603) ,9,1
  14528. 459039,en,15,valanja,valañja,Valañja,Valañja,(-°) [see valañjeti] 1.track,line,trace,in <i>pada°</i> track,footprint J.I,8; II,153 (v.l.lañca &#38; lañcha); IV,221 (valañcha T.),383; DhA.II,38.-- 2.that which is spent or secreted,i.e.outflow,fæces,excrement,in <i>sarīra°</i> fæces J.I,70,80,421 (°ṁ muñcati to ease oneself); III,486; DhA.II,55.-- 2.design,use; only neg.<i>avalañja</i> useless,superfluous Vin.IV,266; VvA.46 (°ṁ akaṁsu rendered useless); DhA.IV,116.(Page 602) ,7,1
  14529. 459062,en,15,valanjana,valañjana,Valañjana,Valañjana,(nt.) [fr.valañjeti] 1.resorting,acting as,behaviour VvA.248.-- 2.giving off,evacuation,easing the body J.I,161 (°vacca-kuṭi privy); DhA.III,270 (sarīra°).(Page 602) ,9,1
  14530. 459077,en,15,valanjanaka,valañjanaka,Valañjanaka,Valañjanaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.valañjana] being marked off,being traced,belonging to,behaving,living (anto° in the inner precincts,<i>bahi°</i> outside the bounds) J.I,382,385,398.(Page 602) ,11,1
  14531. 459180,en,15,valanjeti,valañjeti,Valañjeti,Valañjeti,[customarily expl<sup>d</sup> as ava+<em>lañj</em> (cp.Geiger P.Gr.§ 66<sup>1</sup>),the root <em>lañj</em> being given as a Sk.root in meaning “to fry,” “to be strong,” and a variety of others (see Mon.Williams s.v.<em>lañj</em>).But the root &#38; its derivations are only found in lexicographical and grammatical works,therefore it is doubtful whether it is genuine.<i>lañja</i> is given as “pada,” i.e.track,place,foot,and also “tail.” We are inclined to see in <em>lañj</em> a by-form of <em>lañch</em>,which is a variant of <em>lakṣ</em> “to mark” etc.(cp.lañcha,lañchaka,°ana,°ita).Thus the meaning would range from originally “trace,” mark off,enclose,to:“being enclosed,” assigned or belonging to,i.e.moving (in),frequenting etc.as given in C.expl<sup>ns</sup>.There seems to be a Singhalese word at the root of it,as it is certainly dialectical.-- The Dhtm (522) laconically defines <i>valañj</i> as “valañjane”] 1.to trace,track,travel (a road); practise,achieve,resort to Miln.359; VvA.58.-- 2.to use,use up,spend J.I,102; III,342; VI,369,382,521.-- ppr.Pass.<i>(a-)valañjiyamāna</i> (not any longer) in use J.I,111.-- pp.<i>valañjita</i>.(Page 602) ,9,1
  14532. 459199,en,15,valanjita,valañjita,Valañjita,Valañjita,[pp.of valañjeti; cp.BSk.valañjita used,MVastu III,276] traced,tracked,practised,travelled J.III,542 (magga).(Page 602) ,9,1
  14533. 459269,en,15,valatta,vālatta,Vālatta,Vālatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vāla<sup>2</sup>] trouble,difficulty Vin.II,86 (in same context as vāla<sup>2</sup>); A.I,54.(Page 610) ,7,1
  14534. 459280,en,15,valava,vaḷavā,Vaḷavā,Vaḷavā,(f.) [cp.Vedic vaḍavā] a mare,a common horse D.I,5; Pug.58; Mhvs 10,54; J.I,180; VI,343; DhA.I,399; IV,4 (assatarā vaḷavāya gadrabhena jātā).<br><br> --ratha a carriage drawn by a mare D.I,89,105,106.The expression reminds of vaḷabhī-ratha.(Page 603) ,6,1
  14535. 459343,en,15,valaya,valaya,Valaya,Valaya,(m. &#38; nt.) [Epic Sk.valaya,fr.Idg.<i>*ǔel</i> to turn; see Sk.roots <em>vṛ</em> to enclose,and <em>val</em> to turn,to which belong the foll.:varutra upper robe,ūrmi wave,fold,valita bent,vālayati to make roll,valli creeper,vaṭa rope,vāṇa cane.Cp.also Lat.volvo to roll,Gr.e]lu/w to wind,e]λic round,e]λutron cover; Goth.walwjan to roll on,Ohg.welzan &#38; walzan=Ags.wealtan (E.waltz); Ags.wylm wave,and many others,q.v.in Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.volvo.-- The Dhtp (274) gives root <em>val</em> in meaning saṁvaraṇa,i.e.obstruct,cover.See further <i>vuṇāti</i>] a bracelet Vin.II,106; J.II,197 (dantakāre valay’--ādīni karonte disvā); III,377; VI,64,65; DA.I,50; DhA.I,226 (danta° ivory bangle); PvA.157 (saṅkha°); Mhvs 11,14 (°aṅguli-veṭhakā).(Page 603) ,6,1
  14536. 459385,en,15,valeti,valeti,Valeti,Valeti,[cp.Sk.vāleti,Caus.of <em>val</em> to turn:see valaya] 1.to twist,turn,in <i>gīvaṁ</i> to wring (a fowl’s neck) J.I,436; III,178 (gīvaṁ valitvā:read °etvā).-- 2.to twist or wind round,to put (a garment) on,to dress J.I,452 (sāṭake valetuṁ; v.l.valañcetuṁ).-- pp.<i>valita</i>.(Page 603) ,6,1
  14537. 459396,en,15,vali,vali,Vali,Vali, &#38; Valī (f.) [cp.Epic Sk.vali; fr <em>val</em>.Spelling occasionally with <i>ḷ</i>] a line,fold,wrinkle,a streak,row; Vin.II,112 (read valiyo for valiṁ?); Th.2,256; J.IV,109; Shhp 104.-- <i>muttā-vali</i> a string of pearls VvA.169.For <i>vaṭṭanā-valī</i> see vaṭṭanā.See also <i>āvali</i>.(Page 603) ,4,1
  14538. 459419,en,15,valika,valika,Valika,Valika,(adj.) [fr.vali] having folds J.I,499.(Page 603) ,6,1
  14539. 459428,en,15,valika,vālikā,Vālikā,Vālikā,(f.) [a by-form of vālukā] sand (often sprinkled in connection with festivities to make the place look neat) A.I,253; J.I,210; III,52,407; VI,64; Vism.420; DhA.I,3,111; VvA.160,305; PvA.189.-- <i>paritta°</i> sand (on the head) as an amulet J.I,396,399.-- In cpds.usually <i>vālika°</i>.Cp.<i>vālukā</i>.<br><br> <i>--puñja</i> a heap of sand J.VI,560.<i>--pulina</i> sand bed or bank J.II,366; III,389.<i>--vassa</i> a shower of sand SnA 224.(Page 610) ,6,1
  14540. 459444,en,15,valikam,valīkaṁ,Valīkaṁ,Valīkaṁ,[cp.Sk.vyalīkaṁ] read for valikaṁ at Th.2,403,in meaning “wrong,fault”; ThA.266 expl<sup>d</sup> as “vyālikaṁ dosaṁ.” So Kern,Toev.s.v.(Page 603) ,7,1
  14541. 459512,en,15,valimant,vaḷīmant,Vaḷīmant,Vaḷīmant,(adj.) [fr.vali] having wrinkles Th.2,269 (pl.valīmatā).(Page 603) ,8,1
  14542. 459524,en,15,valin,valin,Valin,Valin,(adj.) [fr.vali] having wrinkles M.I,88 (Acc.palitakesiṁ vilūnaṁ khalita-siraṁ valinaṁ)=III,180 (palitakesaṁ vilūnaṁ khalitaṁ-siraṁ valīnaṁ etc.) See <i>valita</i> for this passage.-- In comp<sup>n</sup> <i>vali-mukha</i> “wrinkled face,” i.e.monkey J.II,298.(Page 603) ,5,1
  14543. 459525,en,15,valin,vālin,Vālin,Vālin,(adj.) [fr.<i>vāla<sup>1</sup></i>] having a hairy tail Vv 64<sup>7</sup>,cp.VvA.277.(Page 610) ,5,1
  14544. 459533,en,15,valina,vaḷīna,Vaḷīna,Vaḷīna,at J.VI,90 is not clear (in phrase jaṭaṁ vaḷīnaṁ paṅkagataṁ).The C.reads valinaṁ,paraphrased by ākulaṁ.Fausböll suggests malinaṁ.Should we accept reading valinaṁ? It would then be Acc.sg.of valin (q.v.).(Page 603) ,6,1
  14545. 459552,en,15,valita,valita,Valita,Valita,[pp.of <em>val</em><i>:</i> see valeti] wrinkled A.I,138 (Acc.khaṇḍadantaṁ palita-kesaṁ vilūnaṁ khalitaṁ siro-valitaṁ tilak’āhata-gattaṁ:cp.<i>valin</i> with passage M.I,88= III,180,one of the two evidehtly misread); PvA.56,153.In comp<sup>n</sup> with <i>taca</i> contracted to <i>valittaca</i> (for valitattaca) “with wrinkled skin” DhA.II,190 (phalitakesa+); with abstr.<i>valittacatā</i> the fact of having a wrinkled skin M.I,49 (pālicca+; cp.MA 215); A.II,196 (khaṇḍicca pālicca+).(Page 603) ,6,1
  14546. 459584,en,15,valiya,valiya,Valiya,Valiya,at M.I,446 is not clear.It is comb<sup>d</sup> with vaṇṇiya (q.v.).See also note on p.567; v.l.pāṇiya; C.silent.(Page 603) ,6,1
  14547. 459598,en,15,vallabha,vallabha,Vallabha,Vallabha,[cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.vallabha &#38; BSk.vallabhaka a sea monster Divy 231] a favourite J.IV,404; VI,38,371; <i>rāja°</i> a king’s favourite,an overseer J.I,342; Mhvs 37,10; VbhA.501.-- f.<i>vallabhā</i> (a) beloved (woman),a favourite J.III,40; VvA.92,135,181.(Page 603) ,8,1
  14548. 459611,en,15,vallabhatta,vallabhatta,Vallabhatta,Vallabhatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vallabha] being a favourite Dāvs.V,7.(Page 603) ,11,1
  14549. 459624,en,15,vallaki,vallakī,Vallakī,Vallakī,(f.) cp.Epic Sk.vallakī,BSk.vallikī Divy 108; MVastu I.227] the Indian lute Abhp 138.(Page 603) ,7,1
  14550. 459635,en,15,vallari,vallarī,Vallarī,Vallarī,(f.) [cp.Class.Sk.vallarī,Halāyudha II.30] a branching footstalk,a compound pedicle Abhp 550.The word is found in BSk.in meaning of “musical instrument” at Divy 315 and passim.(Page 603) ,7,1
  14551. 459655,en,15,valli,vallī,Vallī,Vallī,(f.) [cp.Sk.vallī; for etym.see valaya] 1.a climbing plant,a creeper Vin.III,144; J.V,37; VI,536; VvA.147,335 (here as a root?).-- <i>santānaka°</i> a long,spreading creeper VvA.94,162.-- 2.a reed or rush used as a string or rope for binding or tying (esp.in building),bast (?) M.I,190 (Neumann,“Binse”); J.III,52 (satta rohita macche uddharitvā valliyā āvuṇitvā netvā etc.),333 (in similar connection); DhA.III,118.-- 3.in <i>kaṇṇa°</i> the lobe of the ear Mhvs 25,94.-- The comp<sup>n</sup> form of vallī is <i>valli°</i>.<br><br> <i>--koṭī</i> the tips of a creeper J.VI,548.<i>--pakka</i> the fruit of a creeper Vv 33<sup>30</sup>.<i>--phala</i>=°pakka J.IV,445.<i>--santāna</i> spreadings or shoots of a creeper KhA 48.<i>--hāraka</i> carrying a (garland of) creeper Vism.523=VbhA.131 (in comparison illustrating the paṭicca-samuppāda).(Page 603) ,5,1
  14552. 459671,en,15,vallibha,vallibha,Vallibha,Vallibha,[cp.late Sk.valibha wrinkled] the plant kumbhaṇḍa i.e.a kind of gourd Abhp 597 (no other ref.?).(Page 603) ,8,1
  14553. 459698,en,15,vallika,vallikā,Vallikā,Vallikā,(f.) [cp.Sk.vālikā?] 1.an ornament for the ear Vin.II,106 (cp.Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> on p.316).-- 2.a jungle rope Vin.II,122.(Page 603) ,7,1
  14554. 459756,en,15,vallura,vallura,Vallura,Vallura,(nt.) [cp.Class.Sk.vallūra] dried flesh S.II,98; J.II,245.(Page 603) ,7,1
  14555. 459785,en,15,valuka,vālukā,Vālukā,Vālukā,(f.) [cp.Vedic &#38; Epic Sk.vālukā] sand.In comp<sup>n</sup> usually <i>vāluka°</i>.-- S.IV,376; Vv 39<sup>1</sup>; 44<sup>1</sup>; Ap.23; Nd<sup>2</sup> p.72 (Gaṅgāya v.); J.II,258; IV,16; Pv.II,12<sup>1</sup>; Mhvs 23,86; DhA.III,243,445; VvA.31,177; Sdhp.244.See also <i>vālika</i>.(Page 610) ,6,1
  14556. 459814,en,15,valukantara,vālukantāra,Vālukantāra,Vālukantāra,at VvA.332 probably for <i>vāluka-kantāra</i>,i.e.sandy desert.See <i>vaṇṇu</i>.(Page 610) ,11,1
  14557. 459884,en,15,vama,vāma,Vāma,Vāma,(adj.) [Vedic vāma] 1.left,the left side (always opposed to dakkhiṇa) J.IV,407 (°akkhi); Pv IV.7<sup>8</sup>; Miln.295 (°gāhin left-handed); PvA.178 (°passa left side).As “northern” at J.V,416.<i>vāmaṁ karoti</i> to upset J.IV,101.-- Instr.<i>vāmena</i> on the left Sn.p.80.‹-› Abl.<i>vāmato</i> from or on the left J.III,340; Pv.II,3<sup>20</sup> (as much as “reverse”; PvA.87=vilomato).-- 2.beautiful; only in cpd.vām-ūru having beautiful thighs D.II,266; J.II,443.So read at both places for <i>vāmuru</i>.(Page 609) ,4,1
  14558. 459969,en,15,vamana,vamana,Vamana,Vamana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vam</em>] an emetic D.I,12; A.V,219; cp.J.P.T.S.1907,452.(Page 601) ,6,1
  14559. 459978,en,15,vamana,vāmana,Vāmana,Vāmana,(adj.) [fr.vāma<sup>1</sup>,cp.Ger.linkisch=uncouth] dwarfish; m.dwarf Vin.I,91; DA.I,148.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14560. 459991,en,15,vamanaka,vāmanaka,Vāmanaka,Vāmanaka,(adj.-n.) [fr.vāmana] dwarfish,crippled J.II,226; IV,137; V,424,427.-- f.<i>°ikā</i> N.of certain elephants M.I,178.(Page 609) ,8,1
  14561. 460012,en,15,vamaniya,vamanīya,Vamanīya,Vamanīya,[grd.of vamati; cp.Sk.vāmanīya; ā often interchanges with a before 1 &#38; m,like Caus.vameti &#38; vāmeti] one who has to take an emetic Miln.169.(Page 601) ,8,1
  14562. 460060,en,15,vamathu,vamathu,Vamathu,Vamathu,[fr.<em>vam</em>] vomiting; discharged food PvA.173 (°bhatta; +ucchiṭṭha°).(Page 601) ,7,1
  14563. 460074,en,15,vamati,vamati,Vamati,Vamati,[<em>vam</em>,Idg.<i>*ǔemo</i>,cp.Lat.vomo,vomitus=vamathu; Gr.e)mέw (E.emetic); Oicel.vaema seasickness.-- The def<sup>n</sup> at Dhtp 221 &#38; Dhtm 315 is “uggiraṇa”] to vomit,eject,throw out,discharge Sn.198=J.I,146; J.V,255 (fut.vamissati); Pv IV.3<sup>54</sup> (=uḍḍayati chaḍḍayati PvA.256).-Caus.<i>vameti</i> Miln.169.-- pp.<i>vanta</i>.(Page 601) ,6,1
  14564. 460098,en,15,vambhana,vambhanā,Vambhanā,Vambhanā,(f.) [abstr.fr.vambheti] contempt,despite Vin.IV,6; M.I,402 (att’ukkaṁsana:para-vambhana),Nd<sup>2</sup> 505; Vism.29; VbhA.484; Pgdp 100.-- Spelt vamhanā at J.I,454 (vamhana-vacana) &#38; at DhsA.396 (khuṁsana°).(Page 601) ,8,1
  14565. 460108,en,15,vambhaniya,vambhanīya,Vambhanīya,Vambhanīya,(adj.) [grd.of vambheti] to be despised,wretched,miserable PvA.175,176.(Page 601) ,10,1
  14566. 460115,en,15,vambhayita,vambhayita,Vambhayita,Vambhayita,(nt.) [pp.of vambheti] being despised or reviled M.I,172; Sn.905; Nd<sup>1</sup> 319 (=nindita,garahita,upavādita).(Page 601) ,10,1
  14567. 460143,en,15,vambheti,vambheti,Vambheti,Vambheti,( &#38; Vamheti) [Caus.of <em>vambh</em>,a root of uncertain origin (connected with <i>vam</i>?).There is a form <i>vambha</i> given by Sk.lexicographers as a dial.word for vaṁśa.Could it be a contraction fr.vyambheti=vi+denom.fr.ambho 2,part.of contempt? -- The Dhtp (602) defines <em>vambh</em> as “garahāyaṁ”] to treat with contempt,despise,revile,scold; usually either comb<sup>d</sup> with khuṁseti or opposed to <i>ukkaṁseti</i>,e.g.Vin.II,18; IV,4; M.I,200 (=Sn.132 avajānāti),402 sq.; D.I,90; A.II,27 sq.; Th.1,621; DA.I,256 (=hīḷeti); DhA.IV,38; VvA.348.-- pp.<i>vambhayita</i>.<i> -- vamheti</i> is found at J.I,191,356; cp.<i>vamhana</i>.-- Note.The spelling <i>bh</i> interchanges with that of <i>h (vamheti)</i>,as ambho shows var.amho.Trenckner (introd.to M 1.p.1) gives vambheti (as BB reading) the preference over vamheti (as SS reading).Morris’note on vambheti in J.P.T.S.1884,96 does not throw any light on its etymology.(Page 601) ,8,1
  14568. 460163,en,15,vambhin,vambhin,Vambhin,Vambhin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>vambh</em>] despising,treating with contempt,disparaging M.I,95 (para°,opp.to att’<i>ukkaṁ-</i> saka).(Page 601) ,7,1
  14569. 460178,en,15,vamha,vamha,Vamha,Vamha,[for vambha:see vambheti] bragging,boasting,despising J.I,319 (°vacana).(Page 602) ,5,1
  14570. 460219,en,15,vamma,vamma,Vamma,Vamma,(nt.) [Vedic varman,fr.<em>vṛ</em> to cover,enclose] armour J.II,22.(Page 601) ,5,1
  14571. 460236,en,15,vammeti,vammeti,Vammeti,Vammeti,[denom.fr.vamma] to dress in armour,to armour J.I,180; II,94 (maṅgala-hatthiṁ).-- pp.<i>vammita</i>.(Page 602) ,7,1
  14572. 460252,en,15,vammika,vammika,Vammika,Vammika,(adj.) [fr.vamma]=vammin Vin.I,342.(Page 601) ,7,1
  14573. 460260,en,15,vammika,vammīka,Vammīka,Vammīka, &#38; vammika (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Vedic valmīka; Idg.*ǔorm(āi); cp.Av.maoiris,Sk.vamraḥ,Gr.muρmhz,Lat.formica,Cymr.mor; all of same origin &#38; meaning] ant-hill:(a) <i>°ika:</i> M.I,142 sq.; J.III,85; IV,30 (°bila the ant’s hole); V,163.-- (b) <i>°ika:</i> J.I,432; IV,30; Vism.183 (described),304 (°muddani),446; DhA.II,51; III,208; IV,154.(Page 602) ,7,1
  14574. 460306,en,15,vammin,vammin,Vammin,Vammin,(adj.) [fr.vamma; Vedic varmin] wearing armour,armoured J.IV,353 (=keṭaka-phalaka-hattha C.); V,259,373; VI,25; Miln.331.(Page 601) ,6,1
  14575. 460311,en,15,vammita,vammita,Vammita,Vammita,[pp.of vammeti,cp.Sk.varmita] armoured,clad in armour J.I,179 (assa); II,315 (hatthi); III,8; V,301,322; DA.I,40.(Page 601) ,7,1
  14576. 460332,en,15,vamsa,vaṁsa,Vaṁsa,Vaṁsa,[Vedic vaṁśa reed,bamboo (R.V,)] 1.a bamboo Sn.38 (vaṁso visālo va; vaṁso expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 556 as “veḷugumba,” at SnA 76 as “veḷu”),ibid.(°kaḷīra); J.VI,57; Vism.255 (°kaḷīra); KhA 50 (id.).-- 2.race,lineage,family A.II,27 (ariya° of noble family); S.V,168 (caṇḍāla°); J.I,89,139; IV,390 (caṇḍāla°); V,251 (uju°); Mhvs 4,5 (pitu-ghātaka-vaṁso a parricidal race).-- 3.tradition,hereditary custom,usage,reputation Miln.148 (ācariya°),190 (Tathāgatānaṁ); KhA 12 (Buddha°); Dpvs 18,3 (saddhamma°-kovidā therā).--vaṁsaṁ nāseti to break family tradition J.V,383; vaṁsaṁ ucchindati id.J.V,383; or upacchindati J.IV,63; opp.patiṭṭhāpeti to establish the reputation J.V,386.-- 4.dynasty Mhvs 36,61 (kassa v.ṭhassati).-- 5.a bamboo flute,fife Miln.31; VvA.210.-- 6.a certain game,at D.I,6 in enum<sup>n</sup> of pastimes and tricks (caṇḍālavaṁsa-dhopana),a passage which shows an old corruption.Bdhgh at DA.I,84 takes each word separately and expl<sup>s</sup> vaṁsa as “veṇuṁ ussāpetvā kīḷanaṁ” (i.e.a game consisting in raising a bamboo; is it climbing a pole? Cp.vaṁsa-ghatikā “a kind of game” Divy 475),against Dial.I.9 “acrobatic feats by Caṇḍālas.” Cp.J.IV,390 in same passage.Franke (Dīgha trsl<sup>n</sup>) has “bamboo-tricks”; his conjecture as “vaṁsa-dhamanaṁ,” playing the bamboo pipe (cp.Miln.31:“vaṁsadhamaka”),as oldest reading is to be pointed out.‹-› On vaṁsa in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,134.<br><br> --āgata come down fr.father to son,hereditary Mhvs 23,85.--ânupālaka guarding tradition Sdhp.474 (ariya°).--ânurakkhaka preserving the lineage,carrying on the tradition J.IV,444; Vism.99 (+paveṇi-pālaka); DhA.III,386.--coraka N.of a certain kind of reed (cp.coraka:plant used for perfume) J.V,406 (C.for veḷuka).--ja belonging to a race Mhvs 1,1 (suddha°).--ñña born of good family A.II,27.--dhara upholding tradition Miln.164.--dharaṇa id.Miln.226.--nalaka bamboo reed KhA 52,59 (with note Sn.Index p.870:naḷaka).--nāḷa id.Miln.102.--rāga the colour of bamboo,a term for the veḷuriya gem J.IV,141.--vaṇṇa the veḷuriya gem Abhp 491.(Page 590) ,5,1
  14577. 460482,en,15,vamsika,vaṁsika,Vaṁsika,Vaṁsika,(-°) (adj.) [fr.vaṁsa] descended from,belonging to a family (of) S.V,168 (caṇḍāla°).(Page 591) ,7,1
  14578. 460509,en,15,vana,vaṇa,Vaṇa,Vaṇa,(nt. &#38; m.) [cp.Vedic vraṇa; Serbian rana; Obulg.var̄e,both “wound”] a wound,sore Vin.I,205 (m.),218 (vaṇo rūḷho); III,36 (m; aṅgajāte),117 (aṅgajāte); S.IV,177 (vaṇaṁ ālimpeti); A.V,347 sq.350 sq.; 359; Nd<sup>2</sup> 540; PugA 212 (purāṇa-vaṇa-sadisa-citto); DhA.II,165 (°ṁ bandhati to bandage); VvA.77; PvA.80; Sdhp.395.On <i>vaṇa</i> in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,132.<br><br> <i>--ālepana</i> putting ointment on a sore SnA 58 (in sim.).<i>--coḷaka</i> a rag for dressing a wound Vism.342; VbhA.361.<i>--paṭikamma</i> restoration or healing of a wound DhA.II,164.<i>--paṭicchādana</i> dressing of a wound DhA.I,375.<i>--paṭṭa</i> id.bandage SnA 100.<i>--bandhana</i> id.Vin.I,205.<i>--mukha</i> the opening of a sore A.IV,386 (nava °āni); VvA.77 (id.).(Page 596) ,4,1
  14579. 460520,en,15,vana,vana,Vana,Vana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [<em>van</em><i>;</i> vanati &#38; vanoti to desire=Av.vanaiti Lat.venus,Ohg.wini friend (:E.winsome,attractive) wunsc=E.wish,giwon=E.wont; also “to win.” The spelling sometimes is <i>vaṇ:</i> see <i>vaṇi</i>.-- The def<sup>n</sup> at Dhtp 523 is “yācane” (i.e.from begging),at Dhtm 736 “yācāyaṁ”] lust,desire.In exegetical literature mixed up with vana<sup>1</sup> (see definitions of vana<sup>1</sup>).-- The word to the Pāli Buddhist forms a connection between <i>vana</i> and <i>nibbāna</i>,which is felt as a quâsi derivation fr.nibbana= nis+vana:see nibbana &#38; cp.nibbāna II.B 1.-- S.I,180 (so ‘haṁ vane nibbanatho visallo); Sn.1131 (nibbana); Dh.334; Th.1,691 (vanā nibbanaṁ āgataṁ).-- A denom.fr.vana<sup>2</sup> is <i>vanāyati</i> (like vanīyati fr.vaṇi).(Page 600) ,4,1
  14580. 460521,en,15,vana,vana,Vana,Vana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Ved.vana.-- The P.(edifying) etymology clearly takes vana as belonging to <i>van</i>,and,dogmatically,equals it with vana<sup>2</sup> as an allegorical expression (“jungle”) to <i>taṇhā</i> (e.g.DhsA.364 on Dhs.1059; DhA.III,424 on Dh.283).-- The Dhtp (174) &#38; Dhtm (254) define it “sambhattiyaṁ,” i.e.as meaning companionship] the forest; wood; as a place of pleasure &#38; sport (“wood”),as well as of danger &#38; frightfulness (“jungle”),also as resort of ascetics,noted for its loneliness (“forest”).Of (fanciful) def<sup>ns</sup> of <i>vana</i> may be mentioned:SnA 24 (vanute vanotī ti vanaṁ); KhA 111 (vanayatī ti vanaṁ); DhsA.364 (taṁ taṁ ārammaṇaṁ vanati bhajati allīyatī ti <i>vanaṁ</i>,yācati vā ti vanaṁ [i.e.vana<sup>2</sup>].<i>vanatho</i> ti vyañjanena padaṁ vaḍḍhitaṁ ...balava-taṇhāy’etaṁ nāma); DhA.III,424 (mahantā rukkhā <i>vanaṁ</i> nāma,khuddakā tasmiṁ vane ṭhitattā <i>vanathā</i> nāma etc.with further distinguishing detail,concerning the allegorical meanings).-- D.II,256 (bhikkhūṇaṁ samitiṁ vanaṁ); A.I,35,37; Dh.283 (also as vana<sup>2</sup>); Sn.272,562 (sīho nadati vane),1015 (id.),684 (Isivhaya v.); Sn.p.18 (Jetavana),p.115 (Icchānaṅgala); Th.2,147 (Añjanavana; a wood near Sāketa,with a vihāra); J.V,37 (here meaning beds of lotuses); Miln.219 (vanaṁ sodheti to clear a jungle); Dhs.1059 (“jungle”=taṇhā); Pv.II,6<sup>5</sup> (arañña°-gocara); Vism.424 (Nandana° etc.); DhA.IV,53 (taṇhā° the jungle of lust).Characterized as <i>amba°</i> mango grove D.II,126 and passim; <i>ambāṭaka°</i> plum grove Vin.II,17; <i>udumbara</i> of figs DhA.I,284; <i>tapo°</i> forest of ascetics ThA.136; DhA.IV,53; <i>nāga°</i> elephant forest M.I,175; <i>brahā</i> wild forest A.I,152; III,44; Vv 63<sup>3</sup>; J.V,215; <i>mahā°</i> great forest Th.2,373 (rahitaṁ &#38; bhiṁsanakaṁ).-- <i>vanataraṁ</i> (with compar.suffix) thicker jungle,denser forest Miln.269 (vanato vanataraṁ pavisāma).-- On similes see J.P.T.S.1907,133.Cp.<i>vi°</i>.<br><br> <i>--anta</i> the border of the forest,the forest itself Sn.708,709; Pv.II,3<sup>10</sup> (=vana C.).<i>--kammika</i> one who works in the woods J.IV,210 (°purisa); V,427,429.<i>--gahana</i> jungle thicket Vism.647 (in simile).<i>--gumba</i> a dense cluster of trees Vv 81<sup>7</sup> (cp.VvA.315).<i>--caraka</i> a forester SnA 51 (in simile).<i>--cetya</i> a shrine in the wood J.V,255.<i>--timira</i> forest darkness; in metaphor <i>°matt-akkhin</i> at J.IV,285=V.284,which Kern (Toev.s.v.) changes into <i>°patt-akkhin</i>,i.e.with eyes like the leaves of the forest darkness.Kern compares Sk.vanajapattr’ākṣī Mbh I.171,43,and vanaja-locanā Avad.Kalp.3,137.The Cy.expl<sup>ns</sup> are “vana-timira-puppha-samān’akkhī,” and “giri-kaṇṇika-samāna-nettā”; thus taking it as name of the plant Clitoria ternatea.<i>--dahaka</i> ( &#38; <i>°dahana</i>) burning the forest (aggi) KhA 21 (in simile).<i>--devatā</i> forest deva S.IV,302.<i>--ppagumba</i> a forest grove VbhA.196.<i>--ppati (</i>&<i> vanaspati)</i> [cp.Vedic vanaspati,Prk.vaṇapphai] “lord of the forest,” a forest tree; as <i>vanappati</i> only at Vin.III,47; otherwise <i>vanaspati</i>,e.g.S.IV,302 (osadhī+tiṇa+v.; opposed to herbs,as in R.V,); A.I,152; J.I,329; IV,233 (tiṇa-latā-vanaspatiyo); DhA.I,3.<i>--pattha</i> a forest jungle D.I,71; III,38,49,195; M.I,16,104; Vin.II,146; A.I,60; III,138 (arañña°); Pug.59,68; DA.I,210.<i>--pantha</i> a jungle road A.I,241.<i>--bhaṅga</i> gleanings of the wood,i.e.presents of wild fruit &#38; flowers A.IV,197.<i>--mūla</i> a wild root D.I,166 (+phala); A.I,241 (id.); Miln.278.<i>--rati</i> delight in the forest DhA.II,100.<i>--vaṇṇanā</i> praise of the jungle DhA.II,100.<i>--vāsin</i> forest-dweller SnA 56 (Mahā-tissatthera).<i>--saṇḍa</i> jungle-thicket,dense jungle D.I,87,117; S.III,109 (tibba v.avijjāya adhivacana); A.III,30; J.I,82,170; DhA.I,313; II,100.(Page 600) ,4,1
  14581. 460538,en,15,vana,vāna,Vāna,Vāna,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.vana,both in meaning 1 &#38; 2 but lit.meaning overshadowed by fig.] lit.“jungle” (cp.vana<sup>1</sup> etym.),fig.desire,lust (=taṇhā craving) DhsA.409; KhA 151,152.(Page 608) ,4,1
  14582. 460539,en,15,vana,vāna,Vāna,Vāna,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.<em>vā</em><sup>2</sup>:see vāyati<sup>1</sup>] sewing,stuffing (of a couch) DA.I,86; DhA.I,234 (mañca°).(Page 608) ,4,1
  14583. 460713,en,15,vanaka,vanaka,Vanaka,Vanaka,(-) (adj.) [fr.vana<sup>1</sup>] belonging to the forest,forestlike; adj.in cpd.<i>ku°</i> (kubbanaka,q.v.) brushwood Sn.1134.(Page 600) ,6,1
  14584. 460991,en,15,vanara,vānara,Vānara,Vānara,[fr.vana] monkey,lit.“forester” Th.1,399= Dh.334; Th.1,454; J.II,78 (Senaka),199 sq.(Nandiya); III,429; IV,308; V,445; Miln.201; DhA.II,22.<br><br> --inda monkey king J.I,279; II,159.(Page 608) ,6,1
  14585. 461137,en,15,vanatha,vanatha,Vanatha,Vanatha,[vana+tha; same in BSk.e.g.MVastu I.204] underwood,brushwood,thicket.Does not occur in lit.meaning,except in exegesis of Dh.283 at DhA.III,424; q.v.under vana<sup>1</sup>.Another def<sup>n</sup> is given at SnA 24:“taṇhā pariyuṭṭhāna-vasena vanaṁ tanotī ti vanatho,taṇh’ānusayass’etaṁ adhivacanaṁ.” -- The fig.meaning is “lust,desire,” see e.g.S.I,186; Th.1,338; Dh.344; Sn.16 (°ja); Dhs.1059 (as epithet of taṇhā); J.II,205 (vanathaṁ na kayirā); Nett 81,82.-- <i>nibbanatha</i> free from desire S.I,180; DhsA.364.(Page 600) ,7,1
  14586. 461150,en,15,vanati,vanati,Vanati,Vanati,Vanute,Vanoti [<em>van</em><i>;</i> Sk.vanoti &#38; vanute.See also vana<sup>2</sup>,vaṇi,vaṇeti] to desire,love,wish,aim at,ask for SnA 24 (vanute &#38; vanoti); DhsA.364 (vanati,bhajati,allīyati).Caus.<i>vanayati</i> KhA 111.(Page 600) ,6,1
  14587. 461246,en,15,vanaya,vānaya,Vānaya,Vānaya,in comb<sup>n</sup> suvānaya (S.I,124,238) is to be separated su-v-ānaya (see ānaya).(Page 608) ,6,1
  14588. 461253,en,15,vanayati,vanāyati,Vanāyati,Vanāyati,[denom.fr.vana<sup>2</sup>,cp,vanāyati] to desire,wish,covet,to hanker after M.I,260; S.III,190.See also <i>allīyati</i>.(Page 600) ,8,1
  14589. 461280,en,15,vancana,vañcana,Vañcana,Vañcana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vañc</em>,cp.Epic Sk.vañcana] deception,delusion,cheating,fraud,illusion D.I,5; III,176; A.II,209; Sn.242; Pv III,9<sup>5</sup>; Pug.19; J.IV,435; DhsA.363 (for māyā Dhs.1059); DA.I,79; DhA.III,403; PvA.193.--vañcana in lit.meaning of vañcati 1 is found in <i>avañcana</i> not tottering J.I,214.(Page 593) ,7,1
  14590. 461324,en,15,vancanika,vañcanika,Vañcanika,Vañcanika,(adj.) [fr.vañcana] deceiving; a cheat D.III,183; Th.1,940; Miln.290.(Page 593) ,9,1
  14591. 461331,en,15,vancaniya,vañcaniya,Vañcaniya,Vañcaniya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.vañcana,cp.MVastu II.145:vañcanīya] deceiving,deluding Th.2,490.(Page 593) ,9,1
  14592. 461340,en,15,vancati,vañcati,Vañcati,Vañcati,[<em>vañc</em><i>:</i> see etym.under vaṅka.-- The Dhtp distinguishes two roots <em>vañc</em>,viz.“gamane” (46) and “palambhane” (543),thus giving the lit. &#38; the fig.meanings] 1.to walk about J.I,214 (inf.°ituṁ=pādacāra-gamanena gantuṁ C.).-- 2.Caus.<i>vañceti</i> to cheat,deceive,delude,elude D.I,50; Sn.100,129,356; J.III,420 (aor.avañci=vañcesi C.); VI,403 (°etu-kāma); Pv III,4<sup>2</sup>; Miln.396; Mhvs 25,69 (tomaraṁ avañcayi).‹-› pp.<i>vañcita</i>.(Page 593) ,7,1
  14593. 461409,en,15,vancita,vañcita,Vañcita,Vañcita,[pp.of vañceti] deceived,cheated J.I,287 (vañcit’ammi=vañcitā amhi).(Page 593) ,7,1
  14594. 461443,en,15,vandaka,vandaka,Vandaka,Vandaka,(adj.) [fr.<em>vand</em>] disposed to veneration; f.<i>°ikā</i> Th.2,337.(Page 601) ,7,1
  14595. 461462,en,15,vandana,vandana,Vandana,Vandana,(nt.) &#38; <i>Vandanā</i> (f.) [fr.<em>vand</em>,cp.Vedic vandana] salutation,respect,paying homage; veneration,adoration A.I,294 (ā); II,203 (+pūjā); J.I,88; Pug.19,24; Mhvs 15,18; Miln.377; PvA.I,53; SnA 492; ThA.256; Sdhp.221,540.(Page 601) ,7,1
  14596. 461531,en,15,vandapana,vandāpana,Vandāpana,Vandāpana,(nt.) [fr.vandāpeti; Caus.of vandati] causing to do homage J.I,67.(Page 601) ,9,1
  14597. 461601,en,15,vandati,vandati,Vandati,Vandati,[<em>vand</em>,originally identical with <i>vad;</i> the def<sup>n</sup> at Dhtp (135 &#38; 588) is “abhivādana &#38; thuti”] to greet respectfully,salute,to pay homage,to honour,respect,to revere,venerate,adore Sn.366,547,573,1028; Pv.II,1<sup>6</sup>; Mhvs 15,14 (+pūjeti); Miln.14; SnA 191; PvA.53 (sirasā with the head,a very respectful way of greeting),67; VvA.71.imper.<i>vanda</i> Vv 21<sup>1</sup> (=abhivādaya VvA.105); pl.<i>vandantu</i> Sn.573; ppr.<i>vandamāna</i> Sn.598; aor.<i>vandi</i> Sn.252; J.I,88; PvA.38,61,81,141,275; inf.<i>vandituṁ</i> PvA.77; grd.<i>vandiya</i> (neg.<i>a°</i>) Vin.II,162.-- Caus.II.<i>vandāpeti</i> to cause somebody to pay homage J.I,88; III,11.-- pp.<i>vandita</i>.(Page 601) ,7,1
  14598. 461657,en,15,vandita,vandita,Vandita,Vandita,[pp.of vandati] saluted,revered,honoured,paid homage to; as nt.homage,respect,veneration Sn.702 (akkuṭṭha+); Th.2,388 (id.); J.I,88.(Page 601) ,7,1
  14599. 461672,en,15,vanditar,vanditar,Vanditar,Vanditar,[n.ag.fr.vandita] one who venerates or adores,a worshipper J.VI,207 (vandit’assa=vanditā bhaveyya C.).(Page 601) ,8,1
  14600. 461713,en,15,vaneja,vaneja,Vaneja,Vaneja,[vane (Loc.of vana<sup>1</sup>)+ja] born in the woods J.II,446.(Page 601) ,6,1
  14601. 461725,en,15,vaneti,vaṇeti,Vaṇeti,Vaṇeti,[Caus.of <em>van</em> (see etym.under vana<sup>2</sup>),cp.vaṇi (vani).It may be derived directly fr.<em>vṛ</em>,vṛṇāti=P.vuṇāti,as shown by vaṇimhase.A denom.fr.vani is vanīyati] to wish,desire,ask,beg J.V,27 (spelt <i>vaṇṇeti;</i> C.expl<sup>s</sup> as vāreti icchati); pres.med.1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>vaṇimhase</i> (=Sk.vṛṇīmahe) J.II,137 (=icchāma C.).As <i>vanayati</i> at KhA 111 (vanayatī ti vanaṁ).(Page 596) ,6,1
  14602. 461738,en,15,vanga,vaṅga,Vaṅga,Vaṅga,at DA.I,223 is syn.with <i>kaṇa</i> and means some kind of fault or flaw.It is probably a wrong spelling for <i>vaṅka</i>.(Page 592) ,5,1
  14603. 461765,en,15,vangati,vaṅgati,Vaṅgati,Vaṅgati,[cp.*Sk.vaṅgati,to which belongs vañjula.Idg.<i>*ǔag</i> to bend; cp.Lat.vagor to roam,vagus=vague; Ohg.wankon to waver] to go,walk,waver; found only in Dhtp (No.29) as root <em>vaṅg</em> in meaning “gamana.” Perhaps confused with <i>valg;</i> see vaggati.(Page 592) ,7,1
  14604. 461800,en,15,vani,vaṇi,Vaṇi,Vaṇi,(f.) [fr.<em>van</em> to desire] wish,request Ud.53; J.IV,404 (=yācana C.); cp.J.P.T.S.1891,18 See vana<sup>2</sup> &#38; cp.vaṇeti.(Page 596) ,4,1
  14605. 461828,en,15,vanibbaka,vaṇibbaka,Vaṇibbaka,Vaṇibbaka,[vaṇibba+ka.The form <i>*vaṇibba</i>,according to Geiger,P.Gr.§ 46<sup>1</sup>,distorted fr.<i>vaṇiya</i>,thus “travelling merchant,wayfarer.” Spelling wavers between <i>vaṇibb°</i> &#38; vanibb°.The BSk.form is <i>vanīpaka</i>,e.g.at AvŚ I.248; II,37; Divy 83; occurring also as <i>vaṇīyaka</i> at Divy 83] a wayfarer,beggar,pauper Sn.100 (ṇ); J.IV,403,406 (n); V,172 (=bhojaputta C.; n); VI,232 (n); DA.I,298 (ṇ); PvA.78 (n),112 (n); VvA.5 (n).Often comb<sup>d</sup> with similar terms in phrase <i>kapaṇ’addhika</i> [iddhika] <i>vaṇibbaka-yācakā</i> indigents,tramps,wayfarers &#38; beggars,e.g.D.I,137 (ṇ); Miln.204 (ṇ); DhA.I,105 (ṇ).Other spurious forms are vaṇidīpaka PvA.120; vanīpaka Cp.I.4<sup>9</sup>.(Page 596) ,9,1
  14606. 461847,en,15,vanibbin,vaṇibbin,Vaṇibbin,Vaṇibbin,(adj.-n.) [fr.*vaṇibba] begging,a beggar,tramp J.III,312; IV,410 (=yācanto C.).Spelling at both places n.See also <i>vanin</i>.(Page 596) ,8,1
  14607. 461856,en,15,vanija,vāṇija,Vāṇija,Vāṇija,[fr.vaṇij (vaṇik):see vaṇijjā; lit.son of a merchant; Vedic vāṇija] a merchant,trader Vin.III,6 (<i>assa°</i>); Sn.614,651,1014; J.V,156 (so read for va°); Pv.I,10<sup>6</sup>; Dāvs.I,58; KhA 224; SnA 251; PvA.47,48,100,191,215,271.On similes with v.see J.P.T.S.1907,134.(Page 607) ,6,1
  14608. 461869,en,15,vanijaka,vāṇijaka,Vāṇijaka,Vāṇijaka,<i>=vāṇijā</i> S.II,215 (sūci°); J.III,540.(Page 607) ,8,1
  14609. 461900,en,15,vanijja,vaṇijjā,Vaṇijjā,Vaṇijjā,(f.) [Vedic vaṇijyā,fr.vaṇij° (vaṇik) merchant,cp.vāṇija &#38; vaṇibbaka] trade,trading M.II,198; Sn.404 (payojaye dhammikaṁ so vaṇijjaṁ); A.II,81 sq.; Pv.I,5<sup>6</sup> (no trade among the Petas); J.I,169; PvA.47 (tela°); Sdhp.332,390.-- Five trades must not be carried on by lay followers of the Buddha,viz.<i>sattha°</i> trade in swords,<i>satta°</i> in living beings,<i>maṁsa°</i> in meat,<i>majja°</i> in intoxicants,<i>visa°</i> in poisons A.III,208,quoted at DA.I,235 and SnA 379.(Page 596) ,7,1
  14610. 461915,en,15,vanijja,vāṇijjā,Vāṇijjā,Vāṇijjā,(f.) [fr.vāṇija,cp.vaṇijjā] trade,trading Vin.IV,6 (as one of the exalted professions); PvA.111,201,273,277.(Page 607) ,7,1
  14611. 461947,en,15,vanika,vanika,Vanika,Vanika,=vanaka; only in cpd.<i>nāga°</i> one belonging to the elephant forest,i e.an elephant-hunter M.I,175; III,132.(Page 600) ,6,1
  14612. 461957,en,15,vanin,vanin,Vanin,Vanin,(adj.-n.) [either fr.Sk.vani (=P.vaṇi) in meaning “begging,” or poetical abbreviation of <i>vaṇibbin</i>] poor,begging; one who asks (for alms) or begs,a mendicant J.VI,232 (=vanibbaka C.).<i>Vanibbaka see vaṇibbaka</i>.(Page 600) ,5,1
  14613. 461969,en,15,vanippattha,vaṇippattha,Vaṇippattha,Vaṇippattha,[vaṇik+patha,in meaning patha 2] trading,trade Vin.I,229=D.II,87=Ud.88 (with ref.to Pāṭaliputta).(Page 596) ,11,1
  14614. 461980,en,15,vanita,vaṇita,Vaṇita,Vaṇita,[pp.of *vaṇeti,denom.fr.vaṇa] wounded,bruised Pv.II,2<sup>4</sup>; J.I,150; Sdhp.395.(Page 596) ,6,1
  14615. 461993,en,15,vaniyati,vaṇīyati,Vaṇīyati,Vaṇīyati,see <i>vanīyati</i>.(Page 596) ,8,1
  14616. 461996,en,15,vaniyati,vanīyati,Vanīyati,Vanīyati,[denom.fr.vani=P.vaṇi] to desire J.VI,264 C.:(pattheti),270 (hadayaṁ vanīyati,v.l.dhanīyati:cp.allīyati).-- See also <i>vanati </i>&<i> vaṇeti</i>.(Page 601) ,8,1
  14617. 462006,en,15,vanjha,vañjha,Vañjha,Vañjha,(adj.) [cp.Epic &#38; later Sk.bandhya] barren,sterile D.I,14,56; M.I,271; S.II,29 (a°); IV,169; V,202 (a°); Pv III,4<sup>5</sup> (a°=anipphala C.); J.II,406 (°sūkariyo:so read for vajjha°); Miln.95; Vism.508 (°bhāva); DhA.I,45 (°itthi); DA.I,105; PvA.31,82; VvA.149; Sdhp.345 (a°).(Page 593) ,6,1
  14618. 462040,en,15,vanjula,vañjula,Vañjula,Vañjula,see <i>vajuḷa</i>.(Page 593) ,7,1
  14619. 462050,en,15,vanka,vaṅka,Vaṅka,Vaṅka,(adj.-n.) [cp.Vedic vaṅka &#38; vakra bending; also Ved.vaṅku moving,fluttering,walking slant; vañcati to waver,walk crooked.Cp.Lat.con-vexus “convex,” Ags.wōh “wrong,” Goth.wāhs; Ohg.wanga cheek,and others.-- The Dhtp 5 gives “koṭilya” as meaning of vaṅk.Another Pāli form is vakka (q.v.).The Prk.forms are both vakka &#38; vaṅka:Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 74],I.(adj.).-- 1.crooked,bent,curved M.I,31 (+jimha); S.IV,118 (read v-daṇḍā); Vin.II,116 (suttā vaṅkā honti); J.I,9 (of kāja); IV,362 (°daṇḍa),PvA.51.With ref.to a kind of vīṇā at VvA.281.-- 2.(fig.) crooked,deceitful,dishonest J.III,313 (of crows:kākānaṁ nāmaṁ C.); VI,524; Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup> (a°); Sn.270 (probably to be read dhaṅka as SnA 303,=kāka).-- 3.doubtful,deceitful,deceptive,i.e.haunted Vv 84<sup>3</sup>,cp.VvA.334.-- II.(m.) -- 1.a bend,nook,curve (of ponds) J.II,189; VI,333 (sahassa°).-- 2.a hook J.V,269.-- 3.a fishhook D.II,266; Th.1,749; J.VI,437.-- On vaṅka in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,131.<br><br> --aṅgula a crooked finger A.III,6.--âtivaṅkin having curves upon curves (in its horns),with very crooked antlers J.I,160 (said of a deer).--gata running in bends or crooked (of a river) J.I,289.--ghasta (a fish) having swallowed the hook D.II,266; J.VI,113.--chidda a crooked hole DA.I,112.--dāṭha having a bent fang (of a boar) J.II,405.(Page 591) ,5,1
  14620. 462115,en,15,vankaka,vaṅkaka,Vaṅkaka,Vaṅkaka,(nt.) [fr.vaṅka] a sort of toy:Rh.D.“toyplough” (Dial.I.10); Kern “miniature fish-hook” (Toev.s.v.).Rh.D.derives it fr.Sk.vṛka (see P.vaka<sup>1</sup>).Bdhgh at DA.I,86 takes it as “toy-plough.” See D.I,6; Vin.II,10 (v.l.vaṅgaka &#38; vaṅkata); III,180 (v.l.caṅgaka); A.V,203 (T.vaṅka; v.l.vaṅkaka); Miln.229.At ThA.15 vaṅkaka is used in general meaning of “something crooked” (to explain Th.2,11 khujja),which is specified at Th.1,43 as sickle,plough and spade.(Page 591) ,7,1
  14621. 462182,en,15,vankata,vaṅkatā,Vaṅkatā,Vaṅkatā,(f.) &#38; Vaṅkatta (nt.) [abstr.fr.vaṅka] crookedness A 1 112 (tt); Dhs.1339; VbhA.494.(Page 591) ,7,1
  14622. 462210,en,15,vankeyya,vaṅkeyya,Vaṅkeyya,Vaṅkeyya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.vaṅka] “of a crooked kind,” crooked-like; nt.twisting,crookedness,dishonesty M.I,340; A.IV,189; V,167.(Page 592) ,8,1
  14623. 462229,en,15,vanna,vaṇṇa,Vaṇṇa,Vaṇṇa,[cp.Vedic varṇa,of <em>vṛ</em><i>:</i> see vuṇāti.Customary definition as “vaṇṇane” at Dhtp 572] appearance etc.(lit.“cover,coating”).There is a considerable fluctuation of meaning,especially between meanings 2,3,4.One may group as follows.-- 1.colour Sn.447 (meda°); S.V,216 (chavi° of the skin); A.III,324 (saṅkha°); Th.1,13 (nīl’abbha°); Vv 45<sup>10</sup> (danta°=ivory white); Pv IV.3<sup>9</sup>; DhA.II,3 (aruṇa°); SnA 319 (chavi°); VvA.2 (vicitta°); PvA.215.Six colours are usually enum<sup>d</sup> as vaṇṇā,viz.<i>nīla pīta lohitaka odāta mañjeṭṭha pabhassara</i> Ps.I,126; cp.the 6 colours under <i>rūpa</i> at Dhs.617 (where <i>kāḷaka</i> for pabbassara); J.I,12 (chabbaṇṇa-buddha-rasmiyo).Groups of five see under pañca 3 (cp.J.I,222).--<i>dubbaṇṇa</i> of bad colour,ugly S.I,94; A.V,61; Ud.76; Sn.426; It.99; Pug.33; VvA.9; PvA.32,68.Opp.<i>suvaṇṇa</i> of beautiful colour,lovely A.V,61; It.99.Also as term for “silver.” -- As t.t.in descriptions or analyses (perhaps better in meaning “appearance”) in Abl.<i>vaṇṇato</i> by colour,with saṇṭhānato and others:Vism.184 (“kāḷa vā odāta vā maṅguracchavi vā”),243=VbhA.225; Nett 27.-- 2.appearance S.I,115 (kassaka-vaṇṇaṁ abhinimminitvā); J.I,84 (id.with māṇavaka°); Pv.II,1<sup>10</sup> (=chavi-vaṇṇa PvA.71); III,3<sup>2</sup> (kanakassa sannibha); VvA.16; cp.°dhātu.-- 3.lustre,splendour (cp.next meaning) D.III,143 (suvaṇṇa°,or=1); Pv.II,9<sup>62</sup> (na koci devo vaṇṇena sambuddhaṁ atirocati); III,9<sup>1</sup> (suriya°); Vv 29<sup>1</sup> (=sarīr’obhāsa VvA.122); PvA.10 (suvaṇṇa°),44.-- 4.beauty (cp.vaṇṇavant) D.II,220 (abhikkanta°); M.I,142 (id.); D.III,68 (āyu+); Pv.II,9<sup>10</sup> (=rūpa-sampatti PvA.117).Sometimes comb<sup>d</sup> with other ideals,as (in set of 5):āyu,sukha,yasa,sagga A.III,47; or āyu,yasa,sukha,ādhipacca J.IV,275,or (4):āyu,sukha,bala A.III,63.-- 5.expression,look,specified as <i>mukha°</i>,e.g.S.III,2,235; IV,275 sq.; A.V,342; Pv III,9<sup>1</sup>; PvA.122.‹-› 6.colour of skin,appearance of body,complexion M.II,32 (parama),84 (seṭṭha); A.III,33 (dibba); IV,396 (id.); Sn.610 (doubtful,more likely because of its comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>sara</i> to below 8!),686 (anoma°); Vism.422 (evaṁ°=odato vā sāmo vā).Cp.<i>°pokkharatā</i>.‹-› In special sense applied as distinguishing mark of race or species,thus also constituting a mark of class (caste) distinction &#38; translatable as “(social) grade,rank,caste” (see on term Dial.I.27,99 sq.; cp.Vedic ārya varṇa and dāsa varṇa RV II.12,9; III,34,9:see Zimmer,Altind.Leben 113 and in greater detail Macdonell &#38; Keith,Vedic Index II.247 sq.).The customary enum<sup>n</sup> is of 4 such grades,viz.<i>khattiyā brāhmaṇā vessā suddā</i> Vin.II,239; A.IV,202; M.II,128,but cp.Dial.I.99 sq.-- See also Vin.IV,243 (here applied as general term of “grade” to the alms-bowls:tayo pattassa vaṇṇā,viz.ukkaṭṭha,majjhima,omaka; cp.below 7); D.I,13,91; J.VI,334; Miln.225 (khattiya°,brāhmaṇa°).-- 7.kind,sort Miln.128 (nānā°),cp.Vin.IV,243,as mentioned under 6.-- 8.timbre (i.e.appearance) of voice,contrasted to <i>sara</i> intonation,accent; may occasionally be taken as “vowel.” See A.I,229 (+sara); IV,307 (id.); Sn.610 (id.but may mean “colour of skin”:see 6),1132 (giraṁ vaṇṇ’upasaṁhitaṁ,better than meaning “comment”); Miln.340 (+sara).‹-› 9.constitution,likeness,property; adj.(-°) “like”:<i>aggi°</i> like fire Pv III,6<sup>6</sup> (=aggi-sadisa PvA.203).-- 10.(“good impression”) praise DhA.I,115 (magga°); usually comb<sup>d</sup> and contrasted with <i>avaṇṇa</i> blame,e.g.D.I,1,117,174; A.I,89; II,3; III,264; IV,179,345; DA.I,37.-- 11.reason (“outward appearance”) S.I,206 (=kāraṇa K.S.I.320); Vv 84<sup>6</sup> (=kāraṇa VvA.336); Pv IV.1<sup>6</sup> (id.PvA.220); IV,1<sup>48</sup>.<br><br> <i>--āroha</i> (large) extent of beauty Sn.420.<i>--kasiṇa</i> the colour circle in the practice of meditation VbhA.251.<i>--kāraka</i> (avaṇṇe) one who makes something (unsightly) appear beautiful J.V,270.<i>--da</i> giving colour,i.e.beauty Sn.297.<i>--dada</i> giving beauty A.II,64.<i>--dasaka</i> the ten (years) of complexion or beauty (the 3<sup>rd</sup> decade in the life of man) Vism.619; J.IV,497.<i>--dāsī</i> “slave of beauty,” courtezan,prostitute J.I,156 sq.385; II,367,380; III,463; VI,300; DhA.I,395; IV,88.<i>--dhātu</i> composition or condition of appearance,specific form,material form,natural beauty S.I,131; Pv.I,3<sup>1</sup>; PvA.137 (=chavivaṇṇa); DhsA.15.<i>--patha</i> see vaṇṇu°.<i>--pokkharatā</i> beauty of complexion D.I,114,115; A.I,38; II,203; Pug.66; VbhA.486 (def<sup>d</sup>); DhA.III,389; PvA.46.<i>--bhū</i> place of praise J.I,84 (for °bhūmi:see bhū<sup>2</sup>).<i>--bhūta</i> being of a (natural) species PvA.97.<i>--vādin</i> saying praise,praising D.I,179,206; A.II,27; V,164 sq.; Vin.II,197.<i>--sampanna</i> endowed with beauty A.I,244 sq.288; II,250 sq.(Page 596) ,5,1
  14624. 462384,en,15,vannaka,vaṇṇaka,Vaṇṇaka,Vaṇṇaka,(nt.) [fr.vaṇṇa] paint,rouge D.II,142; Th.1,960; Dpvs VI,70.(Page 597) ,7,1
  14625. 462460,en,15,vannana,vaṇṇanā,Vaṇṇanā,Vaṇṇanā,(f.) [fr.vaṇṇeti] 1.explanation,commentary,exposition KhA 11,145,227; SnA 65 (pada°); PvA.2.--<i>pāḷi°</i> explanation of the text (as regards meaning of words),purely textual analysis (opp.vinicchayakathā) VbhA.291.-- 2.praise DhA.II,100 (vana°).(Page 597) ,7,1
  14626. 462480,en,15,vannaniya,vaṇṇanīya,Vaṇṇanīya,Vaṇṇanīya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.vaṇṇeti] to be described; <i>a°</i> indescribable J.V,282.(Page 597) ,9,1
  14627. 462633,en,15,vannata,vaṇṇatā,Vaṇṇatā,Vaṇṇatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.vaṇṇa] having colour,complexion A.I,246 (dubbaṇṇatā bad c.); VvA.9.(Page 597) ,7,1
  14628. 462666,en,15,vannavant,vaṇṇavant,Vaṇṇavant,Vaṇṇavant,(adj.) [fr.vaṇṇa] beautiful A.IV,240 (cātummahārājikā devā dīgh’āyukā vaṇṇavanto; v.l.°vantā); Pug.34; Pv III,2<sup>12</sup> (=rūpasampanna PvA.184); DhA.I,383.(Page 597) ,9,1
  14629. 462793,en,15,vanneti,vaṇṇeti,Vaṇṇeti,Vaṇṇeti,[denom.fr.vaṇṇa] 1.to describe,explain,comment on J.I,2,222; KhA 168; SnA 23,160,368.‹-› 2.to praise,applaud,extol J.I,59,84; PvA.131 (+pasaṁsati).-- pp.<i>vaṇṇita</i>.(Page 597) ,7,1
  14630. 462824,en,15,vannin,vaṇṇin,Vaṇṇin,Vaṇṇin,(-°) (adj.) [fr.vaṇṇa] 1.having colour Th.1,1190 (accharā nānattavaṇṇiyo “in divers hues”).-- 2.belonging to a caste,in <i>cātu°</i> (suddhi) (purity of) the fourfold castes M.II,132.-- 3.having beauty Sn.551 (uttama°).-- 4.having the appearance of A.II,106= Pug.44 (āma°,pakka°); J.V,322 (vijju°).(Page 597) ,6,1
  14631. 462830,en,15,vannita,vaṇṇita,Vaṇṇita,Vaṇṇita,[pp.of vaṇṇeti] 1.explained,commented on SnA 368.-- 2.praised,extolled Pug.69; J.I,9; Miln.278 (+thuta &#38; pasattha); PvA.116 (=pasaṁsita),241; VvA.156 (=pasaṁsita).(Page 597) ,7,1
  14632. 462849,en,15,vanniya,vaṇṇiya,Vaṇṇiya,Vaṇṇiya,(nt.) [fr.vaṇṇeti] colouring; having or giving colour,complexion M.I,446 (in phrase assaṁ assa-damako vaṇṇiyañ ca valiyañ ca anuppavecchati,trsl<sup>d</sup> by Neumann as “lässt der Rossebändiger noch die letzte Strählung und Striegelung angedeihen”; still doubtful); A.III,54 (dubbaṇṇiyaṁ bad complexion); It.76 (dub° evil colour).(Page 597) ,7,1
  14633. 462866,en,15,vannu,vaṇṇu,Vaṇṇu,Vaṇṇu,(f.) [cp.late Sk.varṇu,N.of a river (-district)] is given at Abhp 663 in meaning of “sand.” Occurs only in cpd.<i>vaṇṇupatha</i> a sandy place,quicksand,swamp J.I,109; Vv 84<sup>3</sup> (=vālu-kantāra VvA.334); Pv IV.3<sup>2</sup> (=petena nimmitaṁ mudu-bhūmi-magga PvA.250,so read for vaṇṇapatha); shortened to <i>vaṇṇu</i> at Vv 84<sup>11</sup> (where MSS vaṇṇa).(Page 597) ,5,1
  14634. 462903,en,15,vanta,vaṇṭa,Vaṇṭa,Vaṇṭa,(nt.) [Epic Sk.vṛnta] a stalk S.III,155=D.I,73 (°chinna with its stalk cut); J.I,70; Ap 62; Vism.356 (in comparison); SnA 296; VbhA.60; DhA.II,42; IV,112; VvA.44.<i>avaṇṭa</i> (of thana,the breast of a woman) not on a stalk (i.e.well-formed,plump) J.V,155.So to be trsl<sup>d</sup> here,although vaṇṭa as medical term is given in BR with meaning “nipple.” -- See also <i>tālavaṇṭa</i> (Page 596) ,5,1
  14635. 462913,en,15,vanta,vanta,Vanta,Vanta,[pp.of vamati] 1.vomited,or one who has vomited Miln.214; PvA.80.As nt.vomit at Vin.I,303.-- 2.(fig.) given up,thrown up,left behind,renounced M.I,37 (+catta,mutta &#38; pahīna).Cp.BSk.vāntī-bhāva,syn.with prahāna AvŚ II.188.<br><br> <i>--âda</i> refuse-feeder,crow J.II,439.<i>--āsa</i> one who has given up all wishes,an Arahant Dh.97 (=sabbā āsā iminā vantā DhA.I,187).<i>--âsika</i> eating what has been vomited,a certain class of Petas Miln.294.<i>--kasāva</i> one who has left behind all fault Dh.10 (=chaḍḍita° DhA.I,82).<i>--gamana</i> at Vism.210=DA.I,34 read either as v’antagamana or c’anta°.<i>--mala</i> stainless Dh.261.<i>--lokāmisa</i> renouncing worldly profit Dh.378.(Page 601) ,5,1
  14636. 462954,en,15,vantaka,vaṇṭaka,Vaṇṭaka,Vaṇṭaka,(adj:) (-°) [vaṇṭa+ka] having a stalk; <i>a°</i> not fastened on stalks J.V,203.(Page 596) ,7,1
  14637. 463022,en,15,vantati,vaṇṭati,Vaṇṭati,Vaṇṭati,[dial.Sk.vaṇṭ] to partition,share; is given as root <em>vaṇṭ</em> at Dhtp 92,561 and Dhtm 787 in meaning “vibhājana.” -- Another root <em>vaṇṭ</em> is found at Dhtm 108 with unmeaning expl<sup>n</sup> “vaṇṭ’atthe.” (Page 596) ,7,1
  14638. 463037,en,15,vantika,vaṇṭika,Vaṇṭika,Vaṇṭika,(adj.) (-°) [vaṇṭa+ika] having a stalk; only in phrase <i>ekato° </i>&<i> ubhato°</i> having a stalk on one or on both sides (of a wreath) Vin.II,10; III,180; DhA.I,419.(Page 596) ,7,1
  14639. 463085,en,15,vapakassati,vapakassati,Vapakassati,Vapakassati,see <i>vavakassati</i>.(Page 601) ,11,1
  14640. 463096,en,15,vapana,vapana,Vapana,Vapana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vap</em>] sowing SnA 137; DhA.III,220 (°kassaka); PvA.8.(Page 601) ,6,1
  14641. 463150,en,15,vapati,vapati,Vapati,Vapati,<sup>2</sup> [<em>vap</em>,probably identical with vapati<sup>1</sup>] to shear,mow,to cut,shave:only in pp.of Caus.<i>vāpita<sup>2</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 601) ,6,1
  14642. 463151,en,15,vapati,vapati,Vapati,Vapati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>vap</em>,Vedic vapate.Def<sup>n</sup> at Dhtp 192; bījanikkhepe] to sow Sn.p.13 (kasati+); J.I,150 (nivāpaṁ vapitvā); PvA.139.-- Pass.<i>vappate</i> S.I,227 (yādisaṁ v.bījaṁ tādisaṁ harate phalaṁ),and <i>vuppati</i> [Vedic upyate] Th.1,530.-- pp.<i>vutta</i>.-- Caus.I.<i>vāpeti:</i> see pp.<i>vāpita<sup>1</sup></i>.-- Caus.II.<i>vapāpeti</i> to cause to be sown Vin.III,131 (khettaṁ); J.IV,276 (sāliṁ).(Page 601) ,6,1
  14643. 463160,en,15,vapayati,vapayāti,Vapayāti,Vapayāti,[vi+apa+yā] to go away,to disappear,only at Vin.I.2=Kvu 186 (kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā; cp.id.p.MVastu II.416 vyapananti,to be read as vyapayanti).(Page 601) ,8,1
  14644. 463166,en,15,vapeti,vāpeti,Vāpeti,Vāpeti,[Caus.fr.<em>vap</em>,representing vapati<sup>1</sup> as well as vapati<sup>2</sup>] to cause to sow [cp.Divy 213 vāpayituṁ] or to mow.-- pp.vāpita.(Page 608) ,6,1
  14645. 463176,en,15,vapi,vāpi,Vāpi,Vāpi,(f.) [cp.Epic &#38; Classic Sk.vāpī] a pond; °jala water from a pond Mhvs 25,66.(Page 608) ,4,1
  14646. 463192,en,15,vapita,vapita,Vapita,Vapita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of vāpeti] mown DhsA.238.(Page 608) ,6,1
  14647. 463200,en,15,vapita,vāpita,Vāpita,Vāpita,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of vāpeti] sown J.I,6 (+ropita,of dhañña).(Page 608) ,6,1
  14648. 463246,en,15,vappa,vappa,Vappa,Vappa,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Epic. &#38; Class.Sk.bāṣpa] a tear,tears Vin.I,345 (vappaṁ puñchitvā wiping the tears).(Page 601) ,5,1
  14649. 463247,en,15,vappa,vappa,Vappa,Vappa,<sup>1</sup> (m.or nt.) [orig.grd.fr.<em>vap</em>=Sk.vāpya] to be sown,sowing; or soil to be sown on,in <i>paṁsu°</i> sowing on light soil &#38; <i>kalala°</i> on heavy soil SnA 137.-- Note.The def<sup>n</sup> of a root <em>vapp</em> at Dhtm 541 with “vāraṇe” refers to P.vappa bank of a river (Abhp 1133)=Sk.vapra,which is not found in our texts.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> the act or occupation of sowing J.I,340 (+kasi-kamma).<i>--kāla</i> sowing time Sn.p.13; S.I,172 (=vapanakāla,bīja-nikkhepa-kāla SnA 137).<i>--maṅgala</i> ploughing festival J.I,57; DhA.II,113; SnA 141.(Page 601) ,5,1
  14650. 463321,en,15,vara,vara,Vara,Vara,<sup>2</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [fr.<em>vṛ</em> to wish] wish,boon,favour Miln.110,139.Usually in phrases ilke <i>varaṁ dadāti</i> to grant a wish or a boon J.IV,10; VvA.260; PvA.20.<i>varaṁ gaṇhāti</i> to take a wish or a vow J.V,382; <i>varaṁ vuṇāti</i> (varati) id.J.III,493 (varaṁ varassu,imper.); Pv.II,9<sup>40,42</sup>; Miln.227.--<i>varaṁ yācati</i> to ask a favour J.III,315 (varāni yācāmi).(Page 602) ,4,1
  14651. 463322,en,15,vara,vara,Vara,Vara,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [fr.<em>vṛ</em> to wish; Vedic vara] excellent,splendid,best,noble.As attribute it either precedes or follows the noun which it characterizes,e.g.<i>°pañña</i> of supreme wisdom Sn.391,1128 (=agga-pañña Nd<sup>2</sup> 557); <i>°bhatta</i> excellent food (opp.lāmaka°) J.I,123; <i>°lañcaka</i> excellent gift (?) (Trenckner,Miln.p.424):see under lañcaka.‹-› <i>dhamma°</i> the best norm Sn.233; <i>nagara°</i> the noble city Vv 16<sup>6</sup> (=uttama°,Rājagahaṁ sandhāya vuttaṁ VvA.82); <i>ratana°</i> the best of gems Sn.683; <i>rāja°</i> famous king Vv 32<sup>1</sup> (=Sakka VvA.134); or inserted between noun and apposition (or predicate),e.g.<i>ākiṇṇa-</i>vara-<i>lakkhaṇa</i> full of the best marks Sn.408; <i>narī-</i>vara-<i>gaṇa</i> a crowd of most lovely women Sn.301; esp.frequent in comb<sup>n</sup> with predicate <i>gata:</i> “gone on to the best of,” i.e.riding the most stately (horse or elephant),or walking on the royal (palace) etc.e.g.upari-pāsādavara-<i>gata</i> PvA.105; <i>sindha-piṭṭhi-</i>vara-<i>gata</i> J.I,179; <i>hatthi-khandha</i> vara-<i>gata</i> PvA.75,216,279.-- nt.<i>varaṁ</i> in compar.or superl.function:better than (Instr.); the best,the most excellent thing A.IV,128 (katamaṁ nu kho varaṁ:yaṁ ...yaṁ); Dh.178 (ādhipaccena sotāpattiphalaṁ v.),322 (varaṁ assatarā dantā ...attadanto tato varaṁ).<br><br> <i>--aṅganā</i> a noble or beautiful woman Mhvs 33,84.<i>--ādāyin</i> acquiring the best S.IV,250; A.III,80.<i>--āroha</i> (1) state elephant Vv 5<sup>1</sup> (=varo aggo seṭṭho āroho ti varāroho VvA.35); (2) (f.) a noble lady J.VI,562 (Maddī varārohā rājaputtī).(Page 602) ,4,1
  14652. 463337,en,15,vara,vāra,Vāra,Vāra,[fr.<em>vṛ</em>,in meaning “turn,” cp.vuṇāti] 1.turn,occasion,time,opportunity J.I,58 (utu-vārena utuvārena according to the turn of the seasons),150; VI,294; Vism.431 (santati° interval); DA.I,36; DhA.I,47 (dve vāre twice); DhsA.215; VvA.47 (tatiyavāraṁ for the 3<sup>rd</sup> &#38; last time); PvA.109,135.-- 2.In <i>pada°</i> “track-occasion,” i.e.foot-track,walk(ing),step J.I,62,213 (°vārena) by walking (here spelt <i>pāda°</i>),506 (pādavāre pādavāre at every step).-- 3.In <i>udaka°</i> v.stands for <i>vāraka</i> (i.e.bucket),the phrase <i>udakavāraṁ gacchati</i> means “to go for water,” to fetch water (in a bucket) J.IV,492; DhA.I,49.Dutoit (J.trsl<sup>n</sup> IV.594) trsl<sup>s</sup> “Wunsch nach Wasser.” -- 4.<i>bhāṇa°</i> “turn for recitation,” i.e.a portion for recital,a chapter SnA 194.See bhāṇa.(Page 609) ,4,1
  14653. 463482,en,15,varaha,varāha,Varāha,Varāha,[Vedic varāha &#38; varāhu,freq.in Rigveda] a boar,wild hog Dh.325=Th.1,17; J.V,406=VI,277; Miln.364; Sdhp.378.(Page 602) ,6,1
  14654. 463530,en,15,varaka,varaka,Varaka,Varaka,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.<i>vṛ</i>] wishing or asking (in marriage) Th.2,406.(Page 602) ,6,1
  14655. 463531,en,15,varaka,varaka,Varaka,Varaka,<sup>1</sup> [cp.*Sk.varaka] the bean Phaseolus trilobus J.II,75 (where equal to kalāya); Miln.267; DhA.I,311.(Page 602) ,6,1
  14656. 463541,en,15,varaka,varāka,Varāka,Varāka,(adj.) [cp.Epic Sk.varāka] wretched,miserable S.I,231; J.IV,285; Vism.315; VvA.101; PvA.120 (syn.for kapaṇa),175 (id.).(Page 602) ,6,1
  14657. 463551,en,15,varaka,vāraka,Vāraka,Vāraka,[cp.Sk.vāra &#38; vāraka] a pot,jar Vin.II,122 (three kinds:loha°,dāru° and cammakhaṇḍa°); J.I,349; II,70; III,52 (dadhi°); Miln.260; DhsA.377 (phānita°).(Page 609) ,6,1
  14658. 463648,en,15,varana,varaṇa,Varaṇa,Varaṇa,[cp.Sk.varaṇa rampart,causeway,wall] the tree Crataeva roxburghii J.I,222,317 (<i>°rukkha</i>),319=DhA.III,409 (°kaṭṭhabhañja); J.VI,535. *Varati [<i>vṛ</i>] &#38; der.(“to choose” as well as “to obstruct”) see <i>vuṇāti</i>.(Page 602) ,6,1
  14659. 463661,en,15,varana,vāraṇa,Vāraṇa,Vāraṇa,<sup>3</sup> [for vāruṇī?] spirituous liquor J.V,505.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14660. 463662,en,15,varana,vāraṇa,Vāraṇa,Vāraṇa,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Vedic vāraṇa strong] 1.elephant J.I,358; IV,137; V,50,416; DA.I,275; DhA.I,389 (°līḷhā elephant’s grace); VvA.36,257.-- 2.the Hatthilinga bird Th.1,1064.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14661. 463663,en,15,varana,vāraṇa,Vāraṇa,Vāraṇa,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.<i>vṛ</i> to obstruct] warding off,obstruction,resistance VbhA.194,195 (=nivāraṇa).-- <i>ātapa°</i> sunshade Dāvs.I,28; V,35.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14662. 463732,en,15,varanika,vāraṇika,Vāraṇika,Vāraṇika,at Th.1,1129 read <i>cāraṇika</i> (a little play):see Brethren 419 note.(Page 609) ,8,1
  14663. 463948,en,15,varatta,varatta,Varatta,Varatta,(nt.) &#38; Varattā (f.) [cp.Vedic varatrā,given also in meaning “elephant’s girth” at Halāyudha II.66] a strap,thong,strip of leather S.I,63; A.II,33; Sn.622; Dh.398 (fig.for taṇhā); J.II,153; V,45.As “harness” at J.I,175; as straps on a ship’s mast (to hold the sails) Miln.378.-- Cp.<i>vārattika</i>.<br><br> <i>--khaṇḍa</i> strip of leather,a strap M.I,244=II.193= III,259=S.IV,56=A.III,380.(Page 602) ,7,1
  14664. 463976,en,15,varattika,vārattika,Vārattika,Vārattika,(adj.) [fr.varatta] consisting of leather or a strap J.III,185.(Page 609) ,9,1
  14665. 464104,en,15,vareti,vāreti,Vāreti,Vāreti,[Caus.of vuṇāti,representing <em>vṛ</em><i><sup>1</sup></i> (to enclose,obstruct),as well as <i>vṛ<sup>1</sup></i> (to choose)] 1.to prevent,obstruct,hinder Pv.II,7<sup>7</sup> (vārayissaṁ I had the habit of obstructing;=nivāresiṁ PvA.102); VvA.68; Sdhp.364.-- 2.to ask in marriage ThA.266; PvA.55.-- Caus.II.<i>vārāpeti</i> to induce somebody to choose a wife J.IV,289.-- Note.<i>vāriyamāna</i> (kālakaṇṇi-salākā) at J.IV,2 read <i>cār°</i> (cp.PvA.272 vicāresuṁ id.).-- pp.<i>vārita</i>.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14666. 464123,en,15,vareyya,vāreyya,Vāreyya,Vāreyya,(nt.) [grd.of vāreti] marriage,wedding Th.2,464,472,479; SnA 19.(Page 610) ,7,1
  14667. 464147,en,15,vari,vāri,Vāri,Vāri,(nt.) [Vedic vāri,cp.Av.vār rain,vairi- sea; Lat.ūrīna=urine; Ags.waer sea; Oicel.ūr spray,etc.] water D.II,266; M.III,300; A.III,26 (in lotus simile); Th.1,1273; Sn.353,591,625,811; Vv 79<sup>10</sup>; J.IV,19; Nd<sup>1</sup> 135,203 (=udaka); Miln.121; PvA.77.<br><br> <i>--gocara</i> living or life (lit.feeding) in water Sn.605.<i>--ja</i> “water-born,” i.e.(1) a lotus Sn.845,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 203; -- (2) a fish Dh.34 (=maccha DhA.I,289); J.V,464 (=Ānanda-maccha C.),507.<i>--da</i> “water-giver,” i.e.cloud Dāvs III,40.<i>--dhara</i> water-holder,water jug J.V,4.<i>--bindu</i> a drop of water Sn.392.<i>--vāha</i> “watercarrier,” i.e.cloud A.II,56; III,53; S.V,400; J.VI,26,543,569; Kh VII.8.--vārita,--yuta,--dhuta,--phuṭa (Jain practice) D.I,57; M.I,377.(Page 609) ,4,1
  14668. 464241,en,15,varita,vārita,Vārita,Vārita,[pp.of vāreti,Caus.of <em>vṛ</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>] obstructed,hindered J.IV,264; restrained (sabbavāri) see vāri.<br><br> <i>--vata</i> (so read for cārita°) “having the habit of selfdenial” (trsl<sup>n</sup>) S.I,28 (cp.K.S.I.39 &#38; 320 with note &#38; Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup>:“kilesānaṁ pana chinnattā vataṁ phala-samādhinā samāhitaṁ”),cp.bhāvanā-balena vāritattā dhammā etc.at Tikp.14.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14669. 464273,en,15,varitta,vāritta,Vāritta,Vāritta,(nt.) [fr.<em>vṛ</em>,on the analogy of <i>cāritta</i>.The BSk.is vāritra:Mvyut 84] avoidance,abstinence Th.1,591; Miln.133 (cārittañ ca vārittañ ca); Vism.11.(Page 609) ,7,1
  14670. 464382,en,15,varuni,vāruṇī,Vāruṇī,Vāruṇī,(f.) [cp.Sk.vāruṇī,with only ref.in BR.:Harivaṁśa 8432] 1.spirituous liquor A.III,213; J.I,251 (°vāṇija spirit merchant),268; VI,502.-- 2.an intoxicated woman; term for a female fortune-teller J.VI,500 (Vāruṇī ‘va pavedhati; C.devatā-bhūta-paviṭṭhā yakkha-dāsī viya gahitā,i.e.possessed),587 (vāruṇī ‘va pavedhentī; C.yakkh’āviṭṭhā ikkhaṇikā viya).(Page 609) ,6,1
  14671. 464427,en,15,vasa,vasa,Vasa,Vasa,(m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Vedic vaśa; <em>vaś</em> to be eager,to desire] power,authority,control,influence S.I,43,240 (kodho vo vasam āyātu:shall be in your power; vasa=āṇāpavattana K.S.I.320); M.I,214 (bhikkhu cittaṁ vasaṁ vatteti,no ca cittassa vasena vattati:he brings the heart under his control,but is not under the influence of the heart); Sn.297,315,578,586,968; Sdhp.264.-- The Instr.vasena is used as an adv.in meaning “on account of,because” e.g.mahaggha-vasena mahâraha “costly on account of its great worth” PvA.77; cp.J.I,94; PvA.36 (putta°); Mhvs 33,92 (paṭisanthāra°).-- Freq.in phrase <i>vase</i> (Loc.) <i>vattati</i> to be in somebody’s power J.V,316 (te vase vattati),cp.M.I,214 (cittassa vasena vattati) &#38; 231 (vatteti te tasmiṁ <i>vaso</i> have you power over that?); trs.<i>vase vatteti</i> to get under control,to get into one’s power J.IV,415 (attano vase vattetvā); V,316 (rājāno attano v.v.); DhA.II,14 (rājānaṁ attano v.v.),cp.M.I,214 (vasan vatteti) &#38; PvA.89 (vasaṁ vattento).-- Note.The comp<sup>n</sup> form in connection with <i>kṛ</i> and <i>bhū</i> is <i>vasī°</i> (q.v.).<br><br> <i>--ânuga</i> being in somebody’s power,dependent,subjected,obedient Sn.332,1095; J.III,224 (=vasavattin C.); Th.2,375 (=kiṅkāra-paṭissāvin ThA.252); Sdhp.249.<i>--ânuvattin</i> id.; f.<i>°inī</i> obedient,obliging (to one’s husband) Vv 31<sup>3</sup>.<i>--uttama</i> highest authority,greatest ideal Sn.274.<i>--gata</i> being in someone’s power J.V,453 (narīnaṁ); cp.vasī-kata.<i>--vattaka</i> wielding power Sdhp.483 (°ika); <i>a°</i> having no free will PvA.64.<i>--vattana</i> wielding power,(having) authority Miln.356.<i>--vattin</i> -- 1.(act.i.e.vatteti) having highest power,domineering,autocrat,(all-)mighty; fig.having self‹-› mastery,controlling one’s senses D.I,247; II,261; A.II,24; It.122; Th.2.37; Pv.II,3<sup>33</sup>; Miln.253; DA.I,111,114,121; SnA 133 (°bhavana).-- 2.(pass.; i.e.vattati) being in one’s power,dependent,subject J.III,224; V,316; ThA.226 (read vattino for °vattito!).(Page 604) ,4,1
  14672. 464442,en,15,vasa,vasā,Vasā,Vasā,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [cp.Vedic vasā] fat,tallow,grease Sn.196; Kh III,; Pv.II,2<sup>3</sup>; J.III,356; V,489; PvA.80; VbhA.67.In detail at Vism.263,361; VbhA.246.(Page 605) ,4,1
  14673. 464443,en,15,vasa,vasā,Vasā,Vasā,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [Vedic vaśā; cp.vāśitā; Lat.vacca cow] a cow (neither in calf nor giving suck) Sn.26,27; SnA 49 (=adamita-vuddha-vacchakā).(Page 605) ,4,1
  14674. 464458,en,15,vasa,vāsa,Vāsa,Vāsa,<sup>3</sup> [cp.Class.Sk.vāsa,e.g.Mālatīm.148,4; fr.<i>vā:</i> see vāta] perfume J.I,242; VI,42.(Page 610) ,4,1
  14675. 464459,en,15,vasa,vāsa,Vāsa,Vāsa,<sup>2</sup> [<em>vas</em> to dwell,see vasati<sup>2</sup>] 1.living,sojourn,life Sn.191; Mhvs 17,2 (anātha-vāsaṁ vasati to lead a helpless life); PvA.12 (saraagga-vāsaṁ v.live a life of concord); SnA 59 (lokantarika°).Cp.pari°,saṁ°.‹-› 2.home,house,habitation Sn.40.<i>vāsaṁ kappeti</i> to live (at a place),to make one’s home J.I,242; PvA.47,100.<i>vāsaṁ upagacchati</i> to enter a habitation (for spending the rainy season) PvA.32.In special sense “bed”:see cpd.<i>°ûpagata</i>.-- 2.state,condition (-°),in ariya° holy state A.V,29 sq.; <i>brahmacariya°</i> chastity PvA.61.-- 4.(adj.) (-°) staying,living,abiding,spending time Sn.19 (ekaratti°),414 (ettha°).<i>vassa°</i> spending Lent PvA.20; <i>vuttha°</i> having spent Lent J.I,183.Cp.ante-vāsika-vāsa.<br><br> <i>--attha</i> home success,luck in the house,prosperity A.II,59,61 sq.<i>--âgāra</i> bedroom J.III,317.<i>--ûpagata</i> (a) having entered one’s hut or abode (for the rainy season) Sn.415.-- (b) gone to bed Pv.II,12<sup>8</sup>; PvA.280.<i>--ghara</i> living room,bedroom SnA 28 (=kuṭī).<i>--dhura</i> ordinary duty (lit.burden) or responsibility of living,or the elementary stages of saintliness SnA 194,195 (contrasted to pariyatta-dhura),306 (:ganthadhura).(Page 610) ,4,1
  14676. 464460,en,15,vasa,vāsa,Vāsa,Vāsa,<sup>1</sup> [<em>vas</em> to clothe,see vasati<sup>1</sup>] clothing; adj.(-°) clothed in J.VI,47 (hema-kappana-vāsase).(Page 610) ,4,1
  14677. 464474,en,15,vasabha,vasabha,Vasabha,Vasabha,[the Sanskritic-Pāli form (*vṛṣabha) of the proper Pāli <i>usabha</i> (q.v.for etym.).Only in later (Com.) style under Sk.influence] a bull Miln.115 (rāja°); SnA 40 (relation between usabha,vasabha &#38; nisabha); VvA.83 (id.).(Page 604) ,7,1
  14678. 464589,en,15,vasaka,vāsaka,Vāsaka,Vāsaka,vāsika (adj.) (-°) [fr.vāsa<sup>2</sup>] living,dwelling; <i>vāsaka:</i> see saṁ°.<i>vāsika:gāma°</i> villager Mhvs 28,15; <i>Bārāṇasi°</i> living in Benares J.III,49.See also <i>ante°</i>.(Page 610) ,6,1
  14679. 464606,en,15,vasala,vasala,Vasala,Vasala,[Vedic vṛṣala,Dimin.of vṛṣan,lit.“little man”] an outcaste; a low person,wretch; adj.vile,foul Vin II.221; Sn.116--136; J.IV,388; SnA 183,-- f.<i>vasalī</i> outcaste,wretched woman S.I,160; J.IV,121,375; DhA.I,189; III,119; IV,162; VvA.260.<br><br> <i>--ādhama</i>=°dhamma Sn.135.<i>--dhamma</i> vile conduct J.II,180.<i>--vāda</i> foul talk Ud.28; SnA 347.<i>--sutta</i> the suttanta on outcasts Sn.116 sq.(p,21 sq.),commented on at SnA 174 sq.289.(Page 604) ,6,1
  14680. 464628,en,15,vasalaka,vasalaka,Vasalaka,Vasalaka,[vasala+ka in more disparaging sense]=vasala Sn.p.21.(Page 605) ,8,1
  14681. 464670,en,15,vasana,vasana,Vasana,Vasana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.vasati<sup>2</sup>] dwelling (-place),abode; usually in cpds.like <i>°gāma</i> the village where (he) lived J.II,153; <i>°ṭṭhāna</i> residence,dwelling place PvA.12,42,92; DhA.I,323 and passim.(Page 604) ,6,1
  14682. 464671,en,15,vasana,vasana,Vasana,Vasana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.vasati<sup>1</sup>] clothing,clothes Sn.971; Th.2,374; D.III,118 (odāta°),124 (id.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 495 (the six cīvarāni); PvA.49.-- <i>vasanāni</i> clothing Mhvs 22,30.-- <i>vasana</i> (-°) as adj.“clothed,” e.g.<i>odāta°</i> wearing white robes Vin.I,187; <i>kāsāya°</i> clad in yellow robes Mhvs 18,10; <i>pilotika°</i> in rags J.IV,380; <i>suci°</i> in bright garments Sn.679; Pv.I,10<sup>8</sup>.(Page 604) ,6,1
  14683. 464685,en,15,vasana,vāsana,Vāsana,Vāsana,<sup>2</sup> (adj.-nt.) [=vasana<sup>2</sup>] dwelling Dpvs.V,18.(Page 610) ,6,1
  14684. 464686,en,15,vasana,vāsana,Vāsana,Vāsana,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-nt.) [=vasana<sup>1</sup>] clothing,clothed in (-°) PvA.173.(Page 610) ,6,1
  14685. 464698,en,15,vasana,vāsanā,Vāsanā,Vāsanā,(f.) [fr.vasati<sup>2</sup> = vāsa<sup>2</sup>,but by Rh.D.following the P.Com̄.connected with vāseti &#38; vāsa<sup>3</sup>] that which remains in the mind,tendencies of the past,impression,usually as <i>pubba°</i> former impression (Sn.1009; Miln.10,263).-- Cp.Nett 4,21,48,128,133 sq.153,158 sq.189 sq.-- Cp.BSk.vāsanā,e.g.MVastu I.345.(Page 610) ,6,1
  14686. 464756,en,15,vasanaka,vasanaka,Vasanaka,Vasanaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.vasana<sup>2</sup>] living (in) J.II,435 (nibaddha°,i.e.of continuous abode).(Page 604) ,8,1
  14687. 464931,en,15,vasanta,vasanta,Vasanta,Vasanta,[Vedic vasanta; Idg.<i>*ǔēr</i>,cp.Av.varehar spring,Gr.e)/ar,Lat.vēr,Oicel.vār spring,Lith.vasarā summer] spring J.I,86; V,206; KhA 192 (bāla°=Citra); DA.I,132 (°vana); PvA.135.(Page 604) ,7,1
  14688. 465047,en,15,vasara,vāsara,Vāsara,Vāsara,[cp.Vedic vāsara matutinal,vasaḥ early] day (opp.night),a day Dāvs.I,55; V,66.(Page 610) ,6,1
  14689. 465080,en,15,vasati,vasati,Vasati,Vasati,<sup>3</sup> (f.) [fr.<em>vas</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>,cp.Vedic vasati] a dwelling,abode,residence J.VI,292 (rāja°=rāja-paricariyā C.); Miln.372 (rājavasatiṁ vase); Dāvs.IV,27 (saka°).(Page 604) ,6,1
  14690. 465081,en,15,vasati,vasati,Vasati,Vasati,<sup>2</sup> [<em>vas</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>; Idg.<i>*ǔes</i> to stay,abide; cp.Av.var∂haiti; Lat.Vesta the goddess of the hearth=Gr.e(sti/a hearth; Goth.wisan to stay,remain,be (=Ohg.wesan,E.was,were); Oicel.vist to stay,Oir.foss rest.-- Dhtm 470:kanti-nivāsesu] to live,dwell,stay,abide; to spend time (esp.with <i>vassaṁ</i> the rainy season); trs.to keep,observe,live,practise Sn.469 sq.1088 (=saṁvasati āvasati parivasati Nd<sup>2</sup> 558); PvA.3,12,78 (imper.vasatha).‹-› <i>uposathaṁ vasaṁ</i> (ppr.) keeping the Sunday J.VI,232; brahmacariyaṁ v.to live a chaste life M.I,515 (cp.same expression Ait.Br.5,13; Śat.Br.12,2,2; 13,8.22).-- ppr.<i>vasanto</i> PvA.75,76; ppr.med.<i>vasamāna</i> J.I,21,236,291; PvA.117; Pot.<i>vaseyya</i> M.I,515; Pv.II,9<sup>7</sup> (ghare), &#38; <i>vase</i> Miln.372.-- aor.<i>vasi</i> Sn.977; J.IV,317 (piya-saṁvāsaṁ); PvA.111; Mhvs 1,13 (vasī vasi); 5,229.-- ger.<i>vasitvā</i> J.I,278; IV,317; PvA.13; grd.<i>vasitabba</i> Sn.678; PvA.42; &#38; <i>vatthabba</i> Mhvs 3,12; inf.<i>vatthuṁ</i> Th.2,414, &#38; <i>vasituṁ</i> PvA.12,112.Fut.<i>vasissati</i> [=Sk.vasiṣyati] Mhvs 14,26; PvA.12; and (older) <i>vacchati</i> [=Sk.vatsyati] Vin.I,60; Th.2,294; J.IV,217; 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>vacchāmi</i> J.V,467 (na te v.santike); VI,523,524, &#38; <i>vacchaṁ</i> Th.2,414.-- Pass.<i>vussati</i> [Sk.uṣyate] M.I,147 (brahmacariyaṁ v.).-- pp.<i>vasita</i>,<i> vusita</i> [=vi+uṣita],<i>vuttha</i> [perhaps=vi+uṣṭa],q.v.-- Caus.I.<i>vāseti</i> to cause to live,stay or dwell; to make live; to preserve (opp.<i>nāseti</i> at S.IV,248) Vin.III,140; S.IV,248; Miln.211; PvA.160 (inf.vāsetuṁ); see also <i>vāseti<sup>2</sup></i>.-- Caus.II.<i>vasāpeti</i> (cp.adhivāsāpeti) to make live or spend,to cause to dwell,to detain J.I,290; II,27; PvA.20 (vassaṁ).-- pp.<i>vāsita</i>.-- See also adhi°,ā°,ni°,pari°.(Page 604) ,6,1
  14691. 465082,en,15,vasati,vasati,Vasati,Vasati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>vas</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>; to Idg.<i>*ǔes</i>,cp.Gr.e)/nnumi to clothe,Sk.vasman cover,Goth.wasjan clothe,wasti dress; Lat.vestis=E.vest etc.; Dhtp 628 ( &#38; Dhtm 870):acchādane] to clothe.pp.<i>vuttha<sup>1</sup></i>.Caus.<i>vāseti:</i> see ni°.See also <i>vāsana<sup>1</sup></i> &#38; vāsana<sup>1</sup>.(Page 604) ,6,1
  14692. 465095,en,15,vasati,vāsati,Vāsati,Vāsati,[<em>vāś</em>,see vassati<sup>2</sup>] to cry (of animals) J.VI,497.(Page 610) ,6,1
  14693. 465239,en,15,vaseti,vāseti,Vāseti,Vāseti,<sup>2</sup> [denom.fr.vāsa perfume] to perfume,to clean or preserve by means of perfumes,to disinfect (?) Vin.I,211 (here in the sense of “preserve,cure,” probably as vāseti of vasati<sup>2</sup>); II,120; J.IV,52 (aṭṭhīni,for the sake of preservation); V,33 (saso avāsesi sake sarīre,expl<sup>d</sup> as “sake sarīre attano sarīraṁ dātuṁ avāsesi vāsāpesī ti attho,sarīrañ c’assa bhakkh’atthāya adāsi.” In this passage <i>vāseti</i> is by Kern,Toev.s.v.taken as Caus.of <i>vas</i> to eat,thus “he made eat,feasted,entertained by or on his own body”),321 (kusumehi vāsetvā:perfume).See also <i>vasati<sup>2</sup></i> (Caus.).-- pp.<i>vāsita</i>.‹-› Caus.II.<i>vāsāpeti</i> J.V,33.(Page 611) ,6,1
  14694. 465240,en,15,vaseti,vāseti,Vāseti,Vāseti,<sup>1</sup> :Caus.of <i>vasati<sup>2</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 611) ,6,1
  14695. 465291,en,15,vasi°,vasi°,Vasi°,Vasi°,is the shortened form of <i>vasī° (=vasa) </i>in comb<sup>ns</sup> °ppatta one who has attained power,mastering:only in phrase ceto-vasippatta A.II,6; III,340; Miln.82; cp.BSk.vaśiprāpta Divy 210,546; -- and °ppatti mastership,mastery Vism.190 (appanā+).(Page 605) ,5,1
  14696. 465302,en,15,vasi°,vasī°,Vasī°,Vasī°,is the composition form of vasa in comb<sup>n</sup> with roots <em>kṛ </em>and <em>bhū</em>,e.g.°kata made dependent,brought into somebody’s power,subject(ed) Th.2,295 (=vasavattino katvā,pl.); Sn.154; cp.BSk.vaśīkṛta Jtm 213.See also vasagata.-- °katvā having overcome or subjected Sn.561 (=attano vase vattetvā SnA 455).Metricausâ as vasiṁ karitvā at Sn.444.-- °bhāva state of having power,mastery Nd<sup>2</sup> 466 (balesu); Pug.14 (in same passage,but reading phalesu),expl<sup>d</sup> at PugA 189 (with v.l.SS balesu!) as “ciṇṇa-vasī-bhāva”; Kvu 608 (implies balesu); Miln.170.Cp.BSk.bala-vaśī-bhāva MVastu III,379.See also ciṇṇa.-- °bhūta having become a master (over),mastering S.I,132; Miln.319; cp.MVastu I.47 &#38; 399 vaśībhūta.-- The same change of vasa° to vasī° we find in comb<sup>n</sup> vasippatta (vasī+ppatta),q.v.under vasi°.(Page 605) ,5,1
  14697. 465315,en,15,vasi,vāsi,Vāsi,Vāsi,(f.) [cp.Sk.vāśī] 1.a sharp knife,axe,hatchet,adze (often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>pharasu</i>) J.I,32,199; II,274; III,281; IV,344; Miln.383; 413; DhA.I,178 (tikhiṇā vāsiyā khaṇḍâkhaṇḍikaṁ chinditvā:cutting him up piecemeal with a sharp knife); KhA 49.<i>--°jaṭa</i> handle of a mason’s adze Vin.IV,168; S.III,154; A.IV,127.-- 2.a razor J.I,65; II,103; III,186,377.(Page 610) ,4,1
  14698. 465431,en,15,vasika,vasika,Vasika,Vasika,(adj.) (--°) [fr.vasa,cp.Sk.vaśika] being in the power of,subject to,as in kodha° a victim of anger J.III,135; taṇhā under the influence of craving J.IV,3; mātugāma° fond of women J.III,277.(Page 605) ,6,1
  14699. 465483,en,15,vasima,vasima,Vasima,Vasima,=vasin It.32 (Acc.vasimaṁ; v.l.vasīmaṁ).(Page 605) ,6,1
  14700. 465495,en,15,vasin,vasin,Vasin,Vasin,(adj.) [fr.vasa] having power (over),mastering,esp.one’s senses; a master (over) Vin.III,93; D.I,18 (=ciṇṇavasitattā vasī DA.I,112); III,29; Sn.372; Vism.154 (fivefold); Mhvs 1,13 (vasī vasi); Dāvs.I,16.(Page 605) ,5,1
  14701. 465497,en,15,vasin,vāsin,Vāsin,Vāsin,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>vas</em><i><sup>2</sup></i>] liking,dwelling (in) Sn.682 (Mern-muddha°),754 (āruppa°); PvA.1 (Mahāvihāra°),22 (Aṅga-Magadha°),47 (Sāvatthi°),73 (Bārāṇasi°) (Page 611) ,5,1
  14702. 465498,en,15,vasin,vāsin,Vāsin,Vāsin,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>vas</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>] clothed in,clad Sn.456 (saṅghāṭi°),487 (kāsāya°); Pv III,1<sup>6</sup> (sāhunda°); J.III,22 (nantaka°); IV,380 (rumma°); f.<i>vāsinī</i> Vin.III,139 (chanda°,paṭa° etc.)= VvA.73.(Page 610) ,5,1
  14703. 465550,en,15,vasita,vasita,Vasita,Vasita,[pp.of vasati<sup>2</sup>] dwelled,lived,spent Mhvs 20,14.(Page 605) ,6,1
  14704. 465567,en,15,vasita,vāsita,Vāsita,Vāsita,[fr.vāseti<sup>2</sup>] 1.scented J.I,65; II,235 (su°); III,299; V,89; Vism.345.-- 2.[preferably fr.vāseti<sup>1</sup>=vasati<sup>2</sup>] established,made to be or live,preserved Mhvs 8,2.So also in phrase <i>vāsita-vāsana</i> (adj.) or <i>vāsana-vāsita</i> one who is impressed with (or has retained) a former impression Sn.1009 (pubba°,=vāsanāya vāsita-citta SnA 583); Miln.263 (id.); Vism.185 (+bhāvita-bhāvana).If taken as vāseti<sup>2</sup>,then to be trsl<sup>d</sup> as “scented,filled,permeated,” but preferably as vāseti<sup>1</sup>.-- Cp.pari°.(Page 610) ,6,1
  14705. 465602,en,15,vasitaka,vāsitaka,Vāsitaka,Vāsitaka,(adj.) [fr.vāsita] scented,perfumed Vin.IV,341 (vāsitakena piññākena nhāyeyya:should bathe with perfumed soap).-- f.<i>vāsitikā</i> (scil.mattikā) scented clay Vin.II,280 (id.).(Page 610) ,8,1
  14706. 465630,en,15,vasitar,vasitar,Vasitar,Vasitar,[n.ag.fr.vasita] one who abides,stays or lives (in),a dweller; fig.one who has a (regular) habit A.II,107= Pug.43,cp.PugA 225.-- vasitā is given as “habit” at Cpd.58 sq.207.(Page 605) ,7,1
  14707. 465713,en,15,vassa,vassa,Vassa,Vassa,(m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Vedic varṣa (nt.) rain.For etym.see vassati<sup>1</sup>] 1.rain,shower J.IV,284; VI,486 (khaṇika sudden rain); Miln.307; Mhvs 21,31; DhA.III,163 (pokkhara° portentous); SnA 224 (mahā° deluge of rain); PvA.55 (vāta° wind &#38; rain).-- fig.shower,downpour,fall M.I,130=Vin.II,25 (kahāpaṇa°); DhA.II,83 (kusuma°).-- Esp.the rainy season,lasting roughly from June to October (Āsāḷha-Kattika),often called “Lent,” though the term does not strictly correspond.Usually in pl.vassā (A.IV,138),also termed vassā-ratta “time of rains” (J.IV,74; V,38).Cp.BSk.varṣā,e.g:Divy 401,509.-- Keeping Lent (i.e.spending the rainy season) is expressed by vassaṁ vasati Vin.III,10; Mhvs 16,8; or by vassa-vāsaṁ (vass’āvāsaṁ) vasati (see below),vassaṁ upeti S.V,152,vassaṁ upagacchati S.V,152; PvA.42.One who has kept Lent or finished the residence of the rains is a vuttha-vassa J.I,82; Mhvs 17,1; or vassaṁ vuttha Vin.III,11; S.I,199; V,405; PvA.43.Cp.BSk.varṣ’oṣita Divy 92,489.-- Vassa-residence is vassa-vāsa (see below).-- vassaṁ vasāpeti (Caus.) to induce someone to spend the rainy season PvA.20.-- anto-vassaṁ during Lent; cp.antovass’eka-divasaṁ one day during Lent Mhvs 18,2; antara-vassaṁ id.S.IV,63.-- 2.(nt.) a year A.IV,252 (mānusakāni paññāsa vassāni); Sn.289,446,1073.satta° (adj.) seven years old Mhvs 5,61; satta-aṭṭha° 7 or 8 years old PvA.67.-- See cpd.°sata.-- 3.semen virile,virility:see cpds.°kamma &#38; °vara.<br><br> --agga shelter from the rain,a shed (agga=agāra) J.I,123; DhA.III,105=VvA.75.--āvāsa vassa-residence A.III,67.--āvāsika belonging to the spending of the rainy season,said of food (bhatta) given for that purpose J.VI,71; DhA.I,129 (as one of the 4 kinds:salāka°,pakkhika°,navacanda°,vass’--āvāsika°),298; IV,129 (°lābha a gift for the r.s.).--upagamana entering on the vassa-residence PvA.42.--upanāyikā (f.) the approach of the rainy season,commencement of Vassa residence [BSk.varṣopanāyikā Divy 18,489; AvŚ I.182,where Ep.of the full moon of Āsāḷha].Two such terms for taking up the residence:purimikā &#38; pacchimikā A.I,51; i.e.the day after the full moon of Ā.or a month after that date.See upanāyika.-- vass’ûpanāyika-divasa the first day of Lent Vism.92; DhA.IV,118; °ûpanāyikaṁ khandhakaṁ the section of the Vinaya dealing with the entrance upon Lent (i.e.Vin.I,137 sq.) Mhvs 16,9.--odaka rain-water Vism.260=VbhA.243.--kamma causing virility D.I,12 (=vasso ti puriso,vosso ti paṇḍako iti; vossassa vassa-karaṇaṁ vassa-kammaṁ,vassassa vossa-karaṇaṁ vossa-kammaṁ DA.I,97).--kāla time for rain J.IV,55.--dasa ( &#38; °dasaka) a decade of years:see enum<sup>d</sup> at J.IV,397.--pūgāni innumerable years J.VI,532,cp.Sn.1073.--vara a eunuch J.VI,502.--valāhaka a rain cloud A.III,243 (°devā).--vassana shedding of rain,raining DhA.II,83.--vāsa Vassa residence S.V,326; PvA.20.--vuṭṭhi rainfall SnA 34,cp.224.--sata a century Sn.589,804; A.IV,138; Pv.II,1<sup>15</sup>; PvA.3,60,69.--satika centenarian Miln.301.(Page 605) ,5,1
  14708. 465859,en,15,vassana,vassana,Vassana,Vassana,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [fr.vassati<sup>2</sup>] bleating; neg.<i>a°</i> J.IV,251.(Page 606) ,7,1
  14709. 465860,en,15,vassana,vassana,Vassana,Vassana,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [fr.vassati<sup>1</sup>] raining,shedding (water) DhA.II,83 (vassa°).(Page 605) ,7,1
  14710. 465872,en,15,vassana,vassāna,Vassāna,Vassāna,[Gen.pl.formation fr.vassa,like gimhāna fr.gimha (q.v.).Kern,Toev.s.v.sees in it a contraction of varṣāyaṇa.Cp.Trenckner,Miln.p.428] (belonging,to) the rainy season Vin.IV,286; A.IV,138; J.II,445; V,177.(Page 606) ,7,1
  14711. 465943,en,15,vassapanaka,vassāpanaka,Vassāpanaka,Vassāpanaka,(adj.) [fr.vassāpeti; Caus.of vassati<sup>1</sup>] shedding,pouring out J.I,253 (dhana°).(Page 606) ,11,1
  14712. 466142,en,15,vassati,vassati,Vassati,Vassati,<sup>2</sup> [vāś to bellow,Vedic vāśyate; Dhtm 471:“saddane”] to utter a cry (of animals),to bellow,bark,to bleat,to crow etc.S.II,230; J.I,436 (of a cock); II,37,153,307; III,127; VI,497 (ppr.vassamāna=vāsamāna C.).-- pp.vassita<sup>2</sup>.(Page 605) ,7,1
  14713. 466143,en,15,vassati,vassati,Vassati,Vassati,<sup>1</sup> [vṛṣ,varṣati,vṛṣate; Idg.*ǔers to wet,cp.Vedic vṛṣa bull,varṣa rain,vṛṣabha (P.usabha),Av.varšna virile,Lat.verres boar; Gr.a)ρrhn virile,e)ρsh dew; with which root is connected *eres to flow:Sk.arṣati,ṛṣabha bull,Lat.ros dew=Sk.rasa essence etc.‹-› Dhtm 471 gives “secana” as def<sup>n</sup>] to rain (intrs.),fig.to shower,pour(down) Vin.I,32 (mahāmegho vassi); S.III,141 (deve vassante); V,396 (id.); Sn.30 (devassa vassato,Gen.sg.ppr.); PvA.6,139,287; Mhvs 21,33; DhA.II,83 (vassatu,imper.; vassi,aor.); 265 (devo vassanto Nom.sg.).-- Cp.kālena kālaṁ devo vṛṣyate Divy 71.-- Caus.II.vassāpeti to cause to rain J.V,201 (Sakko devaṁ v.let the sky shed rain).-- pp.vaṭṭa,vaṭṭha,vuṭṭha.Another pp.of the Caus.*vasseti is vassita.(Page 605) ,7,1
  14714. 466257,en,15,vassika,vassika,Vassika,Vassika,(adj.) [fr.vassa] 1.(cp.vassa<sup>1</sup>) for the rainy season D.II,21 (palace); cp.AvŚ I.269 varṣaka (id.).-- 2.(-°) of years,in <i>gaṇa°</i> for many years Sn.279; SnA 339; <i>tero°</i> more than one year (old):see under <i>tero; satta°</i> seven years old PvA.53.(Page 606) ,7,1
  14715. 466267,en,15,vassika,vassikā,Vassikā,Vassikā,(f.) &#38; <i>Vassika</i> (nt.)=<i>vassikī</i>,i.e.Jasminum Sambac; cp.BSk.varṣika Lal.Vist.366,431; Divy 628; AvŚ I.163.(a) f.(the plant) Dh.377 (=sumanā DhA.IV,112); Miln.251.(b) nt.(the flower,said to be the most fragrant of all flowers) A.V,22; S.V,44; DhA.IV,112 (°puppha).(Page 606) ,7,1
  14716. 466324,en,15,vassiki,vassikī,Vassikī,Vassikī,(f.) the great-flowered jasmine,Jasminum Sambac (cp.vassikā) Dh.55=J.III,291=Miln.333; Miln.181,338; DhA.I,422.(Page 606) ,7,1
  14717. 466332,en,15,vassin,vassin,Vassin,Vassin,(adj.n.) [fr.vassati<sup>1</sup>] raining; in <i>padesa°</i> shedding local showers It.64.(Page 606) ,6,1
  14718. 466342,en,15,vassita,vassita,Vassita,Vassita,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [pp.of vassati<sup>2</sup>] a cry J.I,432; IV,217,225.(Page 606) ,7,1
  14719. 466343,en,15,vassita,vassita,Vassita,Vassita,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of *vasseti,Caus.of vassati<sup>1</sup>] sprinkled with,wet with,endowed with,i.e.full of J.IV,494 (balena vassita).(Page 606) ,7,1
  14720. 466361,en,15,vassitar,vassitar,Vassitar,Vassitar,[n.ag.fr.vassita<sup>1</sup>] a shedder of rain A.II,102= Pug.42.(Page 606) ,8,1
  14721. 466486,en,15,vasu,vasu,Vasu,Vasu,(nt.) [Vedic vasu good,cp.Gr.e]uζ good,Oir.fīu worthy,Goth.iusiza better] wealth; only in cpds.°deva the god of wealth,i.e.Kṛṣṇa (Kaṇha) Miln.191 (as °devā followers of K.); J.V,326 (here in T.as ādicco vāsudevo pabhaṅkaro,expl<sup>d</sup> in C.as vasudevo vasujotano,i.e.an Ep.of the sun); Vism.233 (Vāsudevo baladevo).--°dharā (f.) (as vasun-dharā) the bearer of wealth,i.e.the earth S.I,100; A.III,34; J.V,425; Vism.205,366; DA.I,61.--°dhā id.J.I,25; Ap 53; Vism.125.(Page 605) ,4,1
  14722. 466566,en,15,vasumant,vasumant,Vasumant,Vasumant,(adj.) [fr.vasu] having wealth,rich J.VI,192.(Page 605) ,8,1
  14723. 466606,en,15,vata,vaṭa,Vaṭa,Vaṭa,at Pug.45,46 (tuccho pi hito pūro pi vaṭo) read ti pihito pūro <i>vivaṭo</i>.See <i>vivaṭa</i>.(Page 593) ,4,1
  14724. 466607,en,15,vata,vaṭa,Vaṭa,Vaṭa,[cp.Epic Sk.vaṭa.A root <em>vaṭ</em>,not connected with this vaṭa is given at Dhtm 106 in meaning “veṭhana”:see vaṭaṁsa] the Indian fig tree J.I,259 (°rukkha); III,325; Mhvs 6,16; DhA.I,167 (°rukkha); PvA.113.(Page 593) ,4,1
  14725. 466623,en,15,vata,vata,Vata,Vata,<sup>2</sup> (m. &#38; nt.) [cp.Vedic vrata vow.fr.<em>vṛt</em>,meaning later “milk” (see Macdonell &#38; Keith,Vedic Index II.341)] 1.a religious duty,observance,rite,practice,custom S.I,143,201; IV,180; A.IV,461 (sīla,vata,tapas,brahmacariya); V,18; Sn.792,898; Vv 84<sup>24</sup>; J.III,75; VvA.9; PvA.60.--<i>subbata</i> of good practice Vv 34<sup>6</sup>.Cp.patibbata,sīlabbata.-- 2.manner of (behaving like) a certain animal (as a practice of ascetics),e.g.<i>aja°</i> like a goat J.IV,318; <i>go°</i> like a cow M.I,387; J.IV,318; <i>vagguli°</i> bat practice J.I,493; III,235; IV,299; <i>hatthi°</i> elephant behaviour Nd<sup>1</sup> 92 (here as <i>vatta;</i> see under vatta<sup>1</sup>).<br><br> <i>--pada</i> an item of good practice,virtue (otherwise called <i>guṇa</i> at Miln.90) J.I,202 (where 7 are enum<sup>d</sup>,viz.devotion to one’s mother &#38; father,reverence towards elder people,speaking the truth,gentle speech,open speech,unselfishness); Miln.90 (where 8 are given in detail,differing from the above).See also vatta<sup>1</sup> 2.where other sets of 7 &#38; 8 are quoted.<i>--samādāna</i> taking up a (good) practice,observance of a vow J.I,157.(Page 597) ,4,1
  14726. 466624,en,15,vata,vata,Vata,Vata,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [Vedic bata,post-Vedic vata] part of exclamation:surely,certainly,indeed,alas! Vin.III,39 (puris’usabho vat’âyaṁ “for sure he is a human bull”); Th.2,316 (abbhutaṁ vata vācaṁ bhāsasi); Sn.178,191,358; Vv 47<sup>13</sup>; Pv.I,8<sup>5</sup>; J.IV,355; PvA.13,61,75,121.Often comb<sup>d</sup> with other emphatic particles,like <i>aho</i> vata Pv.II,9<sup>45</sup> (=sādhu vata PvA.131); <i>lābhā</i> vata no it is surely a gain that Sn.31; DhA.II,95; vata <i>bho</i> J.I,81.(Page 597) ,4,1
  14727. 466638,en,15,vata,vāṭa,Vāṭa,Vāṭa,[cp.Class.Sk.vāṭa; on etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.vallus] enclosure,enclosed place Vin.II,154.See also <i>yañña°</i>.(Page 607) ,4,1
  14728. 466646,en,15,vata,vāta,Vāta,Vāta,[Vedic vāta,of <i>vā;</i> cp.Sk.vāti &#38; vāyati to blow,vāyu wind; Lat.ventus,Goth.winds=wind; Ohg.wājan to blow,Oir.feth air; Gr.a]/hmi to blow,a]ήths wind,Lith.áudra storm etc.] wind.There exists a common distinction of winds into 2 groups:“internal” and “external” winds,or the <i>ajjhattikā</i> vāyo-dhātu (wind category),and the <i>bāhirā</i>.They are discussed at Vbh.84,quoted at MA 30,31,and expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at VbhA.70 sq.; Vism.350.The bāhirā also at Nd<sup>2</sup> 562,and in poetical form at S.IV,218.-- The internal winds (see below 2) comprise the foll.:uddhaṅgamā <i>vātā</i>,adhogamā,kucchisayā,koṭṭhāsasayā,aṅgam-aṅg’‹-› ânusārino,satthakā,khurakā,uppalakā,assāso,passāso,i.e.all kinds of winds (air) or drawing pains (rheumatic?) in the body,from hiccup,stitch and stomach-ache up to breathing.Their complement are the external winds (see below 1),viz.puratthimā <i>vātā</i>,pacchimā,uttarā,dakkhiṇā (from the 4 quarters of the sky),sarajā arajā,sītā uṇhā,parittā adhimattā,kāḷā,verambha°,pakkha°,supaṇṇa°,tālavanta°,vidhūpana.° These are characterized according to direction,dust,temperature,force,height &#38; other causes (like fanning etc.).-- 1.wind (of the air) S.IV,218 (vātā ākāse vāyanti); Sn.71,348,591 (vāto tūlaṁ va dhaṁsaye),622,1074; J.I,72; Pug.32; Vism.31.<i>adhimatta</i> v.S.IV,56; <i>mahā°</i> S.II,88; A.I,136,205; II,199; IV,312; <i>veramba°</i> (winds blowing in high regions:upari ākāse S.II,231) A.I,137; Th.1,598; J.VI,326.--2.“winds” of the body,i.e.pains caused by (bad) circulation,sometimes simply (uncontrolled) movements in the body,sometimes rheumatic pains,or sharp &#38; dragging pains in var.parts of the body Nett.74.Also applied to certain humours,supposed to be caused by derangements of the “winds” of the body (cp.Gr.qumόs; or E.slang “get the wind up”),whereas normal “winds” condition normal health:Pv.II,6<sup>1</sup> (tassa vātā balīyanti:bad winds become strong,i.e.he is losing his senses,cp.PvA.94:ummāda-vātā).-- <i>aṅga°</i> pain in the limbs (or joints),rheumatism Vin.I,205; <i>udara°</i> belly ache J.I,393,433; DhA.IV,129; <i>kammaja°</i> birth-pains Vism.500; <i>kucchi°</i> pains in the abdomen (stomach) VbhA.5; <i>piṭṭhi°</i> pains in the back ibid.-- 3.(fig.) atmosphere,condition,state; or as pp.(of vāyati) scented (with),full of,pervaded (by),at Vin.I,39 (<i>vijana°</i> pervaded by loneliness,having an atmosphere of loneliness; Kern.Toev.s.v.<i>vāta</i> wrongly “troop,crowd.” The same passage occurs at D.III,38,where Rh.D.Dial.III,35,trsl<sup>s</sup> “where the breezes from the pastures blow”; with expl<sup>n</sup> vijana= vṛjana [see vajati],hardly justified.In same connection at A.IV,88); Miln.19 (isi°-parivāta scented with an atmosphere of Sages; Rh.D.differently:“bringing down the breezes from the heights where the Sages dwell”; forced).-- On <i>vāta</i> in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,135.<br><br> <i>--ātapa</i> (Dvandva) wind and heat.In this phrase Bdhgh.takes vāta as wind (above 1) at Vism.31 (saraja &#38; araja v.),but as (bodily) pain (above 2) at VbhA.5.See D.III,353; S.II,88; III,54; V,379; A.I,204; II,117,143,199; III,394 sq.404; V,15,127; Sn.52; J.I,93; Miln.259,314,416; DhA.III,112.<i>--ābādha</i> “wind disease,” internal pains (not rheumatism) Vin.I,205; Miln.134; Vism.41.<i>--āyana</i> air hole,window Mhvs 5,37; <i>Dāva</i> V,57.<i>--āhata</i> struck by the wind Vism.63; DhA.III,328.<i>--erita</i> moved by the wind (of trees) S.V,123; A.III,232; VvA.175.<i>--kkhandha</i> “wind bulk,” mass of wind,region of the wind J.VI,326.<i>--ghāta</i> (“wind-struck”) the tree Cassia (or Cathartocarpus) fistula,a syn.of uddāla(ka) J.IV,298; VvA.197; also as <i>°ka</i> at J.V,199,407; VvA.43.<i>--java</i> swiftness of the wind J.VI,274.<i>--dhuta</i> shaken by the wind,swaying in the w.Vv 38<sup>5</sup>,cp.VvA.174.<i>--passa</i> the wind side DhA.II,17.<i>--pāna</i> lattice,window Vin.I,209; II,148,211; A.I,101,137; IV,231; J.II,325; V,214; VI,349 (read <i>vātapān°</i> for dvārapān°); KhA 54; DhA.I,211,370; VvA.67; PvA.4,216,279.<i>--bhakkha</i> living on air DhA.II,57.<i>--maṇḍala</i> a whirlwind,gust of wind,storm,tornado [cp.BSk.vāyu-maṇḍala at AvŚ I.256 with note] J.I,72; SnA 224.<i>--maṇḍalikā</i> id.Vin.II,113; IV,345; J.IV,430.<i>--yoga</i> direction of the wind J.II,11.<i>--roga</i> “wind disease,” upset of the body,disturbance of the intestines,colic SnA 69; VvA.185.<i>--vassā</i> (pl.) wind and rain PvA.55.<i>--vuṭṭhi</i> id.SnA 34.<i>--vega</i> force of the wind Sn.1074; PvA.47.<i>--sakuṇa</i> a certain kind of bird (“wind-bird”) Nd<sup>1</sup> 87,where KhA 118 reads <i>bhāsa°</i>.(Page 607) ,4,1
  14729. 466798,en,15,vataka,vaṭaka,Vaṭaka,Vaṭaka,[cp.*Sk.vaṭaka,fr.vaṭa rope] a small ball or thickening,bulb,tuber; in <i>muḷāla°</i> the (edible) tuber of the lotus J.VI,563 (C.kaṇḍaka).(Page 594) ,6,1
  14730. 466801,en,15,vataka,vāṭaka,Vāṭaka,Vāṭaka,(-°) [fr.vāṭa] enclosure,circle,ring; in <i>gala°</i> the throat circle,i.e.the bottom of the throat Vism.258; DhsA.316; DhA.I,394; <i>caṇḍāla°</i> circle of Caṇḍālas J.VI,156; <i>brāhmaṇa°</i> of Brahmins DhA.IV,177.(Page 607) ,6,1
  14731. 466804,en,15,vataka,vātaka,Vātaka,Vātaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.vāta 2] belonging to or connected with the winds (of the body) in <i>ahi-vātaka-roga</i> a cert.(intestinal) disease (lit.“snake-pain”),pestilence,plague; dysentery (caused by a famine and attacking men and beasts alike) DhA.I,169,187,231; III,437.(Page 608) ,6,1
  14732. 466815,en,15,vatakara,vaṭākara,Vaṭākara,Vaṭākara,[probably distorted by metathesis from Sk.vaṭārakā.Fr.vaṭa rope.On etym.of the latter see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.volvo] a rope,cable J.III,478 (nāvā sa-vaṭākarā).(Page 594) ,8,1
  14733. 466862,en,15,vatamsa,vaṭaṁsa,Vaṭaṁsa,Vaṭaṁsa,[for avaṭaṁsa:see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 66<sup>1</sup>; cp.Sk.avataṁsa with t; Prk.vaaṁsa] a kind of head ornament,perhaps ear-ring or garland worn round the forehead Mhvs 11,28 (C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “kaṇṇapilandhanaṁ vaṭaṁsakan ti vuttaṁ hoti”).Usually as <i>vaṭaṁsaka</i> Vin.II,10; III,180; Th.1,523; Vv 38<sup>5</sup> (expl<sup>d</sup> as “ratanamayā kaṇṇikā” (pl.) at VvA.174); J.VI,488; VvA.178,189,209.-- Note.The root <em>vaṭ</em> given as “veṭhana” at Dhtm 106 probably refers to vaṭaṁsa.(Page 594) ,7,1
  14734. 467147,en,15,vatavant,vatavant,Vatavant,Vatavant,(adj.) [vata<sup>2</sup>+vant] observant of religious duties,devout Sn.624 (=dhuta-vatena samannāgata SnA 467); Dh.400 (with same expl<sup>n</sup> at DhA.IV,165 as as SnA 467).(Page 597) ,8,1
  14735. 467227,en,15,vathara,vaṭhara,Vaṭhara,Vaṭhara,(adj.) [cp.BSk.vaṭhara MVastu II.65.A root <em>vaṭh</em> is given at Dhtm 133 in meaning “thūlattane bhave” i.e.bulkiness] bulky,gross Abhp 701.(Page 595) ,7,1
  14736. 467246,en,15,vati,vati,Vati,Vati,<sup>2</sup> (f.) [fr.<em>vṛ</em>,cp.Sk.vṛti] a choice,boon DhA.I,190 (pubbe Sāmā nāma vatiyā pana kāritattā Sāmāvatī nāma jātā).(Page 597) ,4,1
  14737. 467247,en,15,vati,vati,Vati,Vati,<sup>1</sup> (f.) [later Sk.vṛti,fr.<em>vṛ</em>] a fence J.I,153; III,272; V,472; Vism.186 (vatī,v.l.vati); SnA 98 (v.l.for gutti),148 (v.l.for °vatikā).(Page 597) ,4,1
  14738. 467259,en,15,vati,vāti,Vāti,Vāti,see <i>vāyati</i> (in meaning “weave,” as well as “blow”).(Page 608) ,4,1
  14739. 467284,en,15,vatika,vatika,Vatika,Vatika,(adj.) (-°) [vata<sup>2</sup>+ika] having the habit (of),acting like M.I,387 (kukkura°).(Page 597) ,6,1
  14740. 467288,en,15,vatika,vatikā,Vatikā,Vatikā,(f.) [fr.vati<sup>1</sup>] a fence SnA 148 (kaṇṭaka° &#38; rukkha°).(Page 597) ,6,1
  14741. 467295,en,15,vatika,vātika,Vātika,Vātika,(adj.) [fr.vāta 2,cp.*Sk.vātakin Halāyudha II.451] connected with the winds (humours) of the body,having bad circulation,suffering from internal trouble,rheumatic (?) Miln.135,298.(Page 608) ,6,1
  14742. 467304,en,15,vatingana,vātiṅgaṇa,Vātiṅgaṇa,Vātiṅgaṇa,[cp.*Sk.vātingaṇa] the egg plant,Solanum melongena J.V,131; DhsA.320.(Page 608) ,9,1
  14743. 467369,en,15,vatta,vaṭṭa,Vaṭṭa,Vaṭṭa,<sup>2</sup> (“rained”):see <i>abhivaṭṭa</i> and <i>vaṭṭha</i> (vuṭṭha); otherwise only at DhA.II,265.(Page 594) ,5,1
  14744. 467370,en,15,vatta,vaṭṭa,Vaṭṭa,Vaṭṭa,<sup>1</sup> (adj.-nt.) [pp.of <em>vṛt</em>,Sk.vṛtta in meaning of “round” as well as “happened,become” etc.The two meanings have become differentiated in Pāli:vaṭṭa is not found in meaning of “happened.” All three Pāli meanings are specialized,just as the pres.<i>vaṭṭati</i> is specialized in meaning “behoves”] 1.round,circular; (nt.) circle PvA.185 (āyata+); KhA 50 (°nāli).See cpd.<i>°aṅguli</i>.-- 2.(fig.) “rolling on,” the “round” of existences,cycle of transmigrations,saṁsāra,evolution (=involution) (as forward or ascending circle of existences,without implying a teleological idea,in contrast to <i>vivaṭṭa</i> “rolling back” or devolution,i.e.a new (descending) cycle of existence in a new aeon with inverted [vi-] motion,so to speak) S.III,63; IV,53 (pariyādiṇṇa°),cp.M.III,118; Th.1,417 (sabba°:“all constant rolling on” trsl<sup>n</sup>); SnA 351 (=upādāna); DhsA.238.-- There are 3 vaṭṭas,(te-bhūmaka vaṭṭa,see also tivaṭṭa) embracing existence in the stages of <i>kamma-</i>vaṭṭa,<i>kilesa°</i> and <i>vipāka°</i>,or circle of deed,sin &#38; result (found only in Commentarial literature):KhA 189; SnA 510 (tebhūmaka°); DhA.I,289 (kilesa°); IV,69 (tebhūmaka°).See also Māra; and °dukkha,°vivaṭṭa below.-- 3.“what has been proffered,” expenditure,alms (as t.t.) J.VI,333 (dāna° alms-gift); DhA.II,29 (pāka° cooked food as alms); VvA.222 (id.); Mhvs 32,61 (alms-pension); 34,64 (salāka-vaṭṭabhatta).-- Cp.vi°.<br><br> <i>--aṅguli</i> a rounded (i.e.well-formed) finger; adj.having round fingers Vv 64<sup>13</sup> (=anupubbato v.i.e.regularly formed,VvA.280); J.V,207,215.<i>--aṅgulika</i> same as last J.V,204.<i>--ânugata</i> accompanied by (or affected with) saṁsāra J.I,91 (dhana).<i>--ûpaccheda</i> destruction of the cycle of rebirths A.II,34=It.88; A.III,35; Vism.293.<i>--kathā</i> discussion about saṁsāra Vism.525; DA.I,126; VbhA.133.<i>--kāra</i> a worker in brass.The meaning of vaṭṭa in this connection is not clear; the same vaṭṭa occurs in <i>°loha</i> (“round” metal?).Kern,Toev.s.v.compares it with Sk.vardhra leather strap,taking vaṭṭa as a corruption of <i>vaḍḍha</i>,but the connection brass›leather seems far-fetched.It is only found at Miln.331.<i>--dukkha</i> the “ill” of transmigration (a Commentary expression) Vism.315; DhA.IV,149; VvA.116.<i>--paṭighātaka</i>(ṁ) (vivaṭṭaṁ) (a devolution) destroying evolution,i.e.salvation from saṁsāra SnA 106.<i>--bhaya</i> fear of saṁsāra VbhA.256.<i>--mūla</i> the root of saṁsāra DhA.III,278.<i>--vivaṭṭa</i> (1) evolving and devolving; going round and back again,i.e.all round (a formation after the manner of reduplicative cpds.like cuṇṇa-vicuṇṇa in intensive-iterative meaning),°vasena in direct and inverse succession,all round,completely J.I,75.Cp.also vatta-paṭivatta.-- (2) saṁsāra in ascending and descending lines,evolution (“involution”) and devolution,or one round of trans‹-› migration and the other.It is dogmatically defined at Nett 113 as “vaṭṭaṁ saṁsāro vivaṭṭaṁ nibbānaṁ” (similarly,opposed to vaṭṭa at DA.I,126) which is however not the general meaning,the vivaṭṭa not necessarily meaning a nibbāna stage.See SnA 106 (quoted above); VvA.68.We have so far not found any passage where it might be interpreted in the comprehensive sense as meaning “the total round of existences,“ after the fashion of cpds.like bhavâbhava.<i>--loha</i> “round metal” (?),one of the 3 <i>kittima-lohāni</i> mentioned at VbhA.63 (kaṁsa°,vaṭṭa°,ārakūṭa); also at Miln.267 (with kāḷa°,tamba° &#38; kaṁsa°,where in the trsl<sup>n</sup> Rh.D.does not give a def.expl<sup>n</sup> of the word).(Page 594) ,5,1
  14745. 467385,en,15,vatta,vatta,Vatta,Vatta,<sup>4</sup> at J.V,443 is corrupt for <i>vaṇṭha</i> cripple.(Page 598) ,5,1
  14746. 467386,en,15,vatta,vatta,Vatta,Vatta,<sup>3</sup> [vyatta,Sk.vyātta,of vi+ā+<em>dā</em>] opened wide Vin.III,37; J.V,268 (vatte mukhe).(Page 597) ,5,1
  14747. 467387,en,15,vatta,vatta,Vatta,Vatta,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.vaktra &#38; P.vattar] the mouth (lit.“speaker”) Pgdp 55 (sūci-vatto mah’odaro peto).(Page 597) ,5,1
  14748. 467388,en,15,vatta,vatta,Vatta,Vatta,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [orig.pp.of vattati] 1.that which is done,which goes on or is customary,i.e.duty,service,custom,function Vin.II,31; Sn.294,393 (gahaṭṭha°); Vism.188 (cetiy’aṅgaṇa° etc.); DhA.I,92 (ācariya°); VbhA.354 (gata-paccāgata°); VvA.47 (gāma°).-- 2.(for vata<sup>2</sup>) observance,vow,virtue D.III,9 (the 7 vattapadāni,diff.from those enum<sup>d</sup> under vata-pada); Nd<sup>1</sup> 66 (sīlañ ca vattañ ca),92 (hatthi° etc.:see vata<sup>2</sup> 2),104 (°suddhi),106 (id.),188 (giving 8 dhutaṅgas as vattas).<br><br> <i>--paṭivatta</i> all kinds of practices or duties J.I,67; II,103; III,339; IV,298; Miln.416 (sucarita°); DhA.I,13 sq.; II,277; IV,28.<i>--bbata</i> the usual custom DhA.IV,44; C on S.I,36 § 2 and on S.II,18 § 4 sq.<i>--sampanna</i> one who keeps all observances VbhA.297 (where the foll.<i>vattāni</i> are enum<sup>d</sup>:82 khuddaka-vattāni.14 mahā°,cetiyaṅgaṇa°,bodhiyaṅgaṇa°,pānīyamāḷa°,uposathāgāra°,āgantuka°,gamika°).(Page 597) ,5,1
  14749. 467719,en,15,vattaka,vaṭṭaka,Vaṭṭaka,Vaṭṭaka,(nt.) [fr.<em>vṛt</em>,or P.vaṭṭa] a cart,in <i>haṭṭha°</i> handcart Vin.II,276.(Page 594) ,7,1
  14750. 467726,en,15,vattaka,vaṭṭakā,Vaṭṭakā,Vaṭṭakā,(f.) ( &#38; <i>vaṭṭaka°</i>) [cp.Sk.vartakā &#38; Ved.vartikā] the quail M.III,159 sq.; J.I,172,208 (vaṭṭaka-luddaka); III,312; DhA.III,175 (Loc.pl.vaṭṭakesu).-- The <i>Vaṭṭaka-jātaka</i> at J.I,208 sq.(cp.J.V,414).(Page 594) ,7,1
  14751. 467734,en,15,vattaka,vattaka,Vattaka,Vattaka,(adj.) [fr.vatta<sup>1</sup>] doing,exercising,influencing; in <i>vasa°</i> having power,neg.<i>avasa°</i> having no free will,involuntary PvA.64.(Page 598) ,7,1
  14752. 467855,en,15,vattamana,vattamāna,Vattamāna,Vattamāna,(adj.-nt.) [ppr.med.of vattati] being in existence,going on,happening at the time; nt.process,progress,(as °-) in progress SnA 4 (°uppanna); PvA.55.<i>--°vacana</i> the present tense SnA 16,23.(Page 598) ,9,1
  14753. 467881,en,15,vattamanaka,vattamānaka,Vattamānaka,Vattamānaka,(adj.) [fr.last] going on,being,existing; <i>°bhave</i> in the present existence or period Miln.291.(Page 598) ,11,1
  14754. 468019,en,15,vattana,vaṭṭana,Vaṭṭana,Vaṭṭana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vṛt</em>,vaṭṭati] turning round Dhtp 89 (in def<sup>n</sup> of vaṭṭati).Cp.<i>āvaṭṭana</i>.(Page 594) ,7,1
  14755. 468023,en,15,vattana,vaṭṭanā,Vaṭṭanā,Vaṭṭanā,(f.) [fr.<em>vṛt</em>] in <i>°valī</i> is a line or chain of balls (“rounds,” i.e.rings or spindles).Reading somewhat doubtful.It occurs at M.I,80,81 (seyyathā v.evaṁ me piṭṭhi-kaṇṭako unnat’âvanato hoti; Neumann trsl<sup>s</sup> “wie eine Kugelkette wurde mein Rückgrat mit den hervor-und zurücktretenden Wirbeln”) and at J.V,69 (spelt “vaṭṭhanā-vali-saṅkāsā piṭṭhi te ninnat’unnatā,” with C.expl<sup>n</sup> “piṭṭhika-ṭṭhāne āvuṇitvā ṭhāpitā vaṭṭhanā-vali-sadisā”).The J trsl<sup>n</sup> by Dutoit gives “einer Reihe von Spinnwirteln dein Rücken gleicht im Auf und Nieder”; the E.tsrl<sup>n</sup> has “Thy back like spindles in a row,a long unequal curve doth show.” (Page 594) ,7,1
  14756. 468031,en,15,vattana,vattana,Vattana,Vattana,(nt.) [fr.vattati] moving on,upkeep,existence,continuance Sn.698 (cakka° continuance of royal power); Mhvs 3,38.(Page 598) ,7,1
  14757. 468085,en,15,vattani,vaṭṭani,Vaṭṭani,Vaṭṭani,(f.) [cp.Vedic vartani circumference of a wheel,course] a ring,round,globe,ball Th.2,395 (vaṭṭani-riva; expl<sup>d</sup> at ThA.259 as “lākhāya guḷikā viya,” trsl<sup>n</sup> Sisters 154:“but a little ball”).(Page 594) ,7,1
  14758. 468096,en,15,vattani,vattanī,Vattanī,Vattanī,( &#38; °i) (f.) [cp.Sk.vartanī,fr.<em>vṛt</em>] a track,a road J.I,196,395,429; III,200.--<i>kaṇha°</i> leaving a black trail,Ep.of the fire J.III,140.(Page 598) ,7,1
  14759. 468340,en,15,vattar,vattar,Vattar,Vattar,[n.ag.of vatti,<em>vac</em>] one who speaks,a sayer,speaker M.I,470; S.I,63; II,182; VI,94,198; D.I,139; A.IV,32; V,79 sq.226 sq.; Th.1,334 (read ariya-vattā for ° vatā); J.I,134; SnA 272; PvA.15.(Page 598) ,6,1
  14760. 468434,en,15,vattati,vaṭṭati,Vaṭṭati,Vaṭṭati,[Vedic <em>vṛt</em>.The representative of vattati (=Sk.vartate) in specialized meaning.The regular meaning of *vartate (with vaṭṭana),viz.“turning round,” is attached to vaṭṭati only in later Pāli &#38; sometimes doubtful.It is found also in the Caus.<i>vaṭṭeti</i>.The def<sup>n</sup> of <em>vaṭṭ</em> (literal meaning) at Dhtp 89 is “vaṭṭana,” and at Dhtm 107 “āvattana”] 1.to turn round,to move on:doubtful in “kattha vaṭṭaṁ na vaṭṭati” S.I,15; preferably with v.l.as <i>vaḍḍhati</i>.-- Caus.I.<i>vaṭṭeti</i> to turn or twist J.I,338 (rajjuṁ); to cause to move or go on (in weaving; tasaraṁ v.to speed the shuttle) SnA 265,266.Should we read vaḍḍheti? Cp.āvaṭṭeti.-- Caus.II.<i>vaṭṭāpeti</i> to cause to turn J.I,422.-- 2.to be right or fit or proper,to behove; it ought to (with infin.); with Instr.of person who ought to do this or that,e.g.sīlācāra-sampannena bhavituṁ vaṭṭati J.I,188; kataññunā bhavituṁ v.J.I,122.-- See e.g.J.I,376; II,352,406; Miln.9; Vism.184; DhA.II,38,90,168; SnA 414 (vattuṁ to say); VvA.63,69,75; PvA.38 (dātuṁ).The noun to vaṭṭati is vatta (not vaṭṭa!).(Page 594) ,7,1
  14761. 468443,en,15,vattati,vattati,Vattati,Vattati,[Vedic vartate; <em>vṛt</em>.A differentiated P.form is vaṭṭati.-- Cp.Av.var∂t to turn,Sk.vartana turning,vartulā=Lat.vertellum=E.whorl (Ger.wirtel) &#38; vertil; Gr.r(atάnh; Goth.waírpan=Ger.werden (to become,E.“turn”); Goth.--waírps=E.--wards; Obulg.vrěteno spindle; and many others (e.g.Lat.vertex,vortex),q.v.Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.verto] to move,go on,proceed; to happen,take place,to be; to be in existence; to fare,to do Sn.p.13 (parivesanā vattati distribution of food was in progress); Sn.654 (kammanā vattati loko keeps up,goes on); Pv.II,9<sup>44</sup> (vatteyya); Miln.338 (na ciraṁ vattate bhavo).-- grd.<i>vattabba</i> to be proceeded,or simply “to be” Vin.II,8 (so read for vatth°):nissāya te v.“thou must remain under the superintendence of others” (Vin.Texts,II.344).-- Often equal to <i>atthi</i> or (pl.) <i>santi</i>,i.e.is (are),e.g.J.VI,504; SnA 100 (bāḷhā vedanā vattanti); PvA.40.-- ppr.med.<i>vattamāna</i> see sep.-- pp.<i>vatta</i>.-- Caus.<i>vatteti</i> to make go on,to keep up,practise,pursue Sn.404 (etaṁ vattayaṁ pursuing this); freq.in phrases <i>vasaṁ vatteti</i> to exercise power,e.g.PvA.89; and <i>cakkaṁ vatteti</i> to wield royal power,to govern (cp.expression cakkavattin &#38; see pavatteti) Sn.554,684 (vattessati),693 (dhamma-cakkaṁ); J.III,412.-- grd.<i>vattitabba</i> to be practised Vin.II,32.-- pp.<i>vattita</i>.(Page 598) ,7,1
  14762. 468595,en,15,vattha,vaṭṭha,Vaṭṭha,Vaṭṭha,[pp.of vassati,for the usual vuṭṭha] rained,in <i>nava°</i> newly rained upon DhA.I,19 (bhūmi).(Page 595) ,6,1
  14763. 468603,en,15,vattha,vattha,Vattha,Vattha,<sup>2</sup> as pp.of vasati<sup>1</sup> occurs only in cpd.<i>nivattha</i>.The two passages in PvA.where vattha is printed as pp.(vatthāni vattha) are to be read as <i>vattha-nivattha</i> (PvA.46,62).(Page 598) ,6,1
  14764. 468604,en,15,vattha,vattha,Vattha,Vattha,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic vastra,fr.<em>vas</em>,vaste to clothe; Idg.<i>*ǔes</i>,enlargement of <i>*eu</i> (:Lat.ex-uo); cp.Lat.vestis “vest(-ment),” Gr.e(/nnumi to clothe,ei(μa dress; Goth.wasjan to clothe; wasti dress) 1.cloth; clothing,garment,raiment; also collectively:clothes; M.I,36 sq.; A.I,132,209,286; II,85,241; III,27 (odātaṁ),50 (kāsikaṁ),386 (kāsāyaṁ); IV,60,186,210; V,61 sq.(ubhatobhāga-vimaṭṭhaṁ=M.II,13,reading vimaddha; with the expression cp.ubhato-bhāga-vimutta); Sn.295,304; KhA 237 (°ṁ pariyodāyati,simile); PvA.43,50,70; Sdhp.217.--<i>alla°</i> fresh,clean clothes DhA.IV,220; <i>ahata°</i> new clothes J.I,50; Dāvs II.39; <i>dibba°</i> heavenly,i.e.exquisite dresses PvA.23,46,53.-- pl.<i>vatthāni</i> garments,clothes Sn.64,287,924; Pug.57 (kāsāyāni); DhA.I,219 (their uses,from a new dress down to a bit of rag).-- 2.hangings,tapestry J.IV,304.-- On vattha in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,132.<br><br> <i>--guyha</i> “that which is concealed by a cloth,” i.e.the pudendum D.I,106; Sn.1022; DA.I,275 (=aṅgajātaṁ; Bhagavato ti vāraṇass’eva kosohitaṁ vatthaguyhaṁ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṁ paduma-gabbha-samānaṁ).<i>--yuga</i> a pair of garments J.IV,172; Dāvs.I,34.<i>--lakkhaṇa</i> fortune telling from clothes SnA 362.<i>--sannidhi</i> storing up of clothes D.I,6; Nd<sup>1</sup> 372; DA.I,82.<i>--sutta</i> the Suttanta on clothes (i.e.with the parable of the clothes:vatth’upama-sutta) M.I,36 sq.quoted at Vism.377 and SnA 119.(Page 598) ,6,1
  14765. 468614,en,15,vatthabba,vatthabba,Vatthabba,Vatthabba,at Vin.II,8 is to be spelt <i>vattabba</i> (see vattati).(Page 598) ,9,1
  14766. 468871,en,15,vatthi,vatthi,Vatthi,Vatthi,(m. &#38; f.) [Vedic vasti in meaning 1; the other meanings later] 1.the bladder Vin.III,117; J.I,146; Sn.195; Vism.144=DhsA.117; Vism.264,345 (mutta°),362; DA.I,161; VbhA.248.-- 2.the pudendum:see °kosa.-- 3.a clyster (-bag):see °kamma.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i>(ṁ karoti) to use a clyster Vin.I,216.<i>--kosa</i> a membranous sheath enveloping the sexual organ of a male DA.I,275 (°kosena paṭicchanna vatthaguyha:so read for °kesena); VvA.252 (°mukha orifice of the pudendum of an elephant).(Page 598) ,6,1
  14767. 468936,en,15,vatthu,vatthu,Vatthu,Vatthu,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic vāstu; fr.<em>vas</em>] site,ground,field,plot Vin.III,50 (ārāma° &#38; vihāra°),90 (id.); Sn.209,473 (sakhetta°,cp.vatthu<sup>1</sup> 4),769 (khetta+),858 (id.); Th.1,957 (khetta+vatthu,cp.Brethren p.337<sup>1</sup> &#38; Vin.Texts III,389 sq.); Miln.279 (khetta° a plot of arable land); DA.I,78 (contrasted with khetta,see khetta 1 and cp.vatthu<sup>1</sup> 1); PvA.88 (gehassa the back yard of the house); haunted by fairies (parigaṇhanti) D.II,87.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> “act concerning sites,” i.e.preparing the ground for building D.I,12 (trsl<sup>n</sup>:fixing on lucky sites for dwellings),cp.DA.I,98:akaṭa-vatthumhi gehapatiṭṭhāpanaṁ.<i>--devatā</i> the gods protecting the grounds,field-gods,house-gods Pv.I,4<sup>1</sup> (=ghara-vatthuṁ adhivatthā devatā PvA.17).<i>--parikiraṇa</i> offerings over the site of a house (“consecrating sites” trsl<sup>n</sup>) D.I,12 (cp.DA.I,98=balikamma-karaṇaṁ).<i>--vijjā</i> the science of (building-) sites,the art of determining a suitable (i.e.lucky) site for a house D.I,9 (see expl<sup>n</sup> at DA.I,93); S.III,239; Nd<sup>1</sup> 372; Vism.269 (in comparison); KhA 237.See also Dial II.92 &#38; Fick,Sociale Gliederung 152.(Page 599) ,6,1
  14768. 468937,en,15,vatthu,vatthu,Vatthu,Vatthu,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Class.Sk.vastu,fr.<em>vas</em><sup>1</sup>] lit.“ground,” hence 1.(lit.) object,real thing,property,thing,substance (cp.vatthu<sup>2</sup>!) A.II,209 (khetta°,where khetta in lit.sense,cp.No.2).Here belongs the def<sup>n</sup> of kāma as twofold:<i>vatthu-kāma</i> and <i>kilesa-kāma</i>,or desire for realities,objective kāma,and desire as property of stained character,i.e.subjective kāma,e.g.Nd<sup>1</sup> 1; SnA 99,112; DhsA.62.-- On <i>vatthu</i> as general philos.term cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> <sup>2</sup>§§ 455,679,1229,also introd.p.86; Cpd.15,31,174<sup>1</sup>.-- 2.(appl<sup>d</sup> meaning) object,item Vin.I,121 (antima-vatthuṁ ajjhāpannaka guilty of an extreme offence?); V,138 (the 10 āghāta-vatthūni,as at Vbh.86); D.III,252 (seven niddesa°),255 (eight kusīta°),258 (eight dāna°); S.II,41,56 sq.; Vbh.71 (cakkhu° etc.),306 sq.353; Nett 114 (ten); SnA 172; DhA.IV,2 (akkosa°); PvA.8,20 (dāna°),26 (left out in id.p.KhA 209),29,65 (alabbhaneyya°),96 (id.),119,121 (iṭṭha°),177,220.Cp.°bhūta.-- 3.occasion for,reason,ground A.II,158 (+khetta [in fig.sense!],āyatana &#38; adhikaraṇa); IV,334; D.I,13 sq.(aṭṭhādasahi vatthūhi etc.); J.II,5 (avatthumhi chandaṁ mâkari do not set your heart on what is unreasonable); <i>vatthunā</i> (Instr.) because PvA.118; <i>vatthuto</i> (Abl.) on account of PvA.241.‹-› 4.basis,foundation,seat,(objective) substratum,substance,element J.I,146 (kāyo paridevānaṁ v.); VbhA.404 (+ārammaṇa).See most of the cpds.-- 5.subjectmatter,subject,story,account SnA 4; DhA.II,66; PvA.77,92,263,269.Cp.°gāthā &#38; titles like Petavatthu,Vimānavatthu.<br><br> <i>--kata</i> made a foundation or basis of,practised thoroughly J.II,61; V,14 and passim (+bhāvita etc.).In phrase <i>tālâvatthukata</i> (=tāla avatthu kata) vatthu means foundation,basis,ground to feed and live on,thus “a palm deprived of its foundation”:see refs.under <i>tāla</i>.<i> --gāthā</i> the stanzas of the story,the introductory (explanatory,essential to its understanding) stanzas,something like “prologue” SnA 483,575 (preceding Sn.699 &#38; 976).<i>--dasaka</i> tenfold substance or material basis VbhA.22.<i>--bhūta</i> being an object,i.e.subject to J.V,210.<i>--rūpa</i> substance or substratum of matter,material form Vism.561,564; VbhA.22,172.<i>--visadakiriyā</i> clearing of the foundation or fundamentals,purification of the elements VbhA.283=DhsA.76 (°kiriyatā; trsl<sup>n</sup> Expos.101 “cleansing of things or substance”); Vism.128; VbhA.276.(Page 598) ,6,1
  14769. 469059,en,15,vatthuka,vatthuka,Vatthuka,Vatthuka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.vatthu<sup>1</sup>] 1.having a site or foundation or ground,in <i>ucca°</i> (high) and <i>nīca°</i> (low) Vin.II,117,120; Mhvs 33,87.-- 2.having its ground in,founded on,being of such &#38; such a nature or composition S.IV,67 (vācā°); Ps.I,130 (micchādiṭṭhi°,correct in Index J.P.T.S.1908!); Vbh.319 (uppanna°; +ārammaṇa),392 (micchādiṭṭhi°); VbhA.403 (uppanna° etc.).(Page 599) ,8,1
  14770. 469438,en,15,vatti,vaṭṭi,Vaṭṭi,Vaṭṭi,(f.) [represents both Epic Sk.<i>varti</i> and <i>vṛtti</i>,differentiated derivations from <em>vṛt</em>,combining the meanings of “turning,rolling” and “encircling,round”] 1.a wick S.II,86=III,126=IV.213; J.I,243 (dīpa°); DhA 393; ThA.72 (Ap.V,45:Nom.pl.vaṭṭīni); Mhvs 32,37; 34,35.-- 2.enclosure,lining,film,skin Vism.258 (anta° entrails),262 (udara°); J.I,260 (anta°,so read for °vaddhi).-- 3.edge,rim,brim,cireumference Vin II.120 (<i>aggala°</i> of the door),148 (id.); S.III,141 (patta° of a vase or bowl); IV,168 (id.); DhA.II,124 (nemi°).Often as <i>mukha-vaṭṭi</i> outer rim,border,lining,e.g.cakkavāḷa° J.I,64,72; DhA.I,319; III,209; patt° J.V,38; pāsāda° DhsA.107.-- 4.strip,fringe Vin.II,266 (dussa°); J.V,73 (camma°); Mhvs 11,15.-- 5.a sheath,bag,pod J.III,366 (tiṇa°); Mhvs 26,17 (marica° red pepper pod); DhA.IV,203 (reṇu°).-- 6.a lump,ball DhA.III,117 (pubba°,of matter).-- 7.rolling forth or along,a gush (of water),pour J.I,109 (or to <em>vṛṣ</em>?).(Page 594) ,5,1
  14771. 469449,en,15,vatti,vatti,Vatti,Vatti,[Vedic vakti,<em>vac</em>] to speak,say,call; pres.not found (for which vadati); fut.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>vakkhāmi</i> J.I,346; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>vakkhati</i> S.I,142; J.I,356; II,40; VI,352; VbhA.51; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>vakkhāma</i> S.IV,72; M.III,207; Vism.170,446; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>vakkhanti</i> Vin.II,1; pte.fut.<i>vakkhamāna</i> PvA.18.-- aor.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>avacaṁ</i> J.III,280; DhA.III,194, &#38; <i>avocaṁ</i> Th.2,124; Vv 79<sup>7</sup>; S.I,10; DhA.III,285; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>avaca</i> Th.2,415,<i>avoca</i> Dh.133, &#38; <i>avacāsi</i> Vv 35<sup>7</sup>; 53<sup>9</sup>; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>avaca</i> J.I,294; Pv.II,3<sup>19</sup>; PvA.65 (mā a.); <i>avoca</i> Th.2,494; S.I,150; Sn.p.78; J.II,160; PvA.6,31,49, &#38; <i>avacāsi</i> J.VI,525; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>avacumha </i>&<i> avocumha</i> M.II,91; III,15; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>avacuttha</i> Vin.I,75 (mā a.); II,297; J.II,48; DhA.I,73; IV,228, &#38; <i>avocuttha</i> J.I,176; Miln.9; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>avacuṁ</i> J.V,260, &#38; <i>avocuṁ</i> M.II,147.-- inf.<i>vattuṁ</i> Sn.431; J.VI,351; Vism.522=VbhA.130 (vattukāma); SnA 414; DA.I,109; DhA.I,329; II,5.-- ger.<i>vatvā</i> SnA 398; PvA.68,73, &#38; <i>vatvāna</i> Sn.p.78.‹-› grd.<i>vattabba</i> Miln.276 (kiṁ vattabbaṁ what is there to be said about it? i.e.it goes without saying); SnA 123,174,178; PvA.12,27,92.-- ppr.med.<i>vuccamāna</i> Vin.I,60; III,221; PvA.13.-- Pass.<i>vuccati</i> D.I,168,245; Dh.63; Mhvs 9,9; 34,81 (vuccate,v.l.uccate); J.I,129 (vuccare,3<sup>rd</sup> pl.); PvA.24,34,63,76; -- pp.<i>vutta</i> (q.v.).-- Caus.<i>vāceti</i> to make speak,i.e.to read out; to cause to read; also to teach,to instruct Sn.1018,1020; J.I,452 (read); PvA.97.-- pp.<i>vācita</i> (q.v.).‹-› Desid.<i>vavakkhati</i> (see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 184=Sk.vivakṣati) to wish to call D.II,256. <i>Vattika=vatika</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 89 (having the habit of horses,elephants etc.).(Page 598) ,5,1
  14772. 469472,en,15,vattika,vaṭṭikā,Vaṭṭikā,Vaṭṭikā,(f.) [vaṭṭi+kā,cp.Class.Sk.vartikā] 1.a wick Mhvs 30,94.-- 2.a brim Mhvs 18,28.-- 3.a pod Mhvs 26,16 (marica°).(Page 595) ,7,1
  14773. 469492,en,15,vattin,vaṭṭin,Vaṭṭin,Vaṭṭin,(-°) (adj.) in <i>muṇḍa°</i> porter (?) is not clear.It is a der<sup>n</sup> fr.vaṭṭi in one or the other of its meanings.Found only at Vin.II,137,where it is expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh as “veṭṭhin.” It may belong to <i>vaṭaṁsa</i> or <i>vaṭa</i> (rope):cp.Dhtm 106 “veṭhana” for vaṭaṁsa.(Page 595) ,6,1
  14774. 469493,en,15,vattin,vattin,Vattin,Vattin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>vṛt</em>] engaged in,having power over,making,doing; only in cpds.<i>cakka° </i>&<i> vasa°</i> (q.v.).(Page 598) ,6,1
  14775. 469520,en,15,vattita,vattita,Vattita,Vattita,(nt.) [fr.vatteti] that which goes on,round (of existence),revolution Miln.226.(Page 598) ,7,1
  14776. 469576,en,15,vattula,vaṭṭula,Vaṭṭula,Vaṭṭula,(adj.) [fr.<em>vṛt</em>,cp.late Sk.vartula] circular Abhp 707.(Page 595) ,7,1
  14777. 469634,en,15,vatuma,vaṭuma,Vaṭuma,Vaṭuma,(nt.) [cp.Vedic vartman,fr.<em>vṛt</em>] a road,path D.II,8; S.IV,52 (chinna°); J.III,412; Vism.123 (sa° &#38; a°).Cp.<i>ubbaṭuma </i>&<i> parivaṭuma</i>.(Page 594) ,6,1
  14778. 469685,en,15,vavakassati,vavakassati,Vavakassati,Vavakassati,[v+ava+<em>kṛṣ</em>,would correspond to Sk.vyavakṛṣyate,Pass.] to be drawn away,to be distracted or alienated (from); so is to be read at all passages,where it is either comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>avakassati</i> or stands by itself.The readings are:Vin.II,204 (apakāsanti avapakāsanti) =A.V,74 (avakassanti vavakassanti); A.III,145 (bhikkhu n’âlaṁ saṅghamhā ‘vapakāsituṁ:read vavakāsituṁ or °kassituṁ),393 (vapakassat’eva Satthārā,vapakassati garuṭṭhāniyehi).See also apakāsati,avakassati,avapakāsati.-- pp.<i>vavakaṭṭha</i>.(Page 604) ,11,1
  14779. 469688,en,15,vavakattha,vavakaṭṭha,Vavakaṭṭha,Vavakaṭṭha,[pp.of vavakassati] drawn away,alienated; withdrawn,secluded DhA.II,103 (°kāya).(Page 604) ,10,1
  14780. 469693,en,15,vavakkhati,vavakkhati,Vavakkhati,Vavakkhati,see <i>vatti</i>.(Page 604) ,10,1
  14781. 469696,en,15,vavassagga,vavassagga,Vavassagga,Vavassagga,[vi+ava+<em>srj</em><i>;</i> Sk.vyavasarga] “letting go,” i.e.starting on something,endeavouring,resolution A.I,36; J.VI,188 (<i>handā</i> ti vavassagg’atthe nipāto); DA.I,237 (here <i>handa</i> is expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>vavasāy’</i>atthe nipato).‹-› Kern,Toev.s.v.wrongly “consent.” (Page 604) ,10,1
  14782. 469713,en,15,vavatteti,vāvatteti,Vāvatteti,Vāvatteti,(vi+ā+<em>vṛt</em>] to turn away (trs.),to do away with,remove M.I,12 (aor.vāvattayi saṁyojanaṁ,expl<sup>d</sup> at MA 87 as “parivattayi,nimmūlaṁ akāsi”)= 122 (with v.l.vi°,see p.526); A.II,249 (v.l.vi°).(Page 610) ,9,1
  14783. 469722,en,15,vavatthana,vavatthāna,Vavatthāna,Vavatthāna,(nt.) [fr.vi+ava+<em> sthā</em><i>;</i> cp.late Sk.vyavasthāna which occurs in Ep.Sk.in meaning “stay”] determination,resolution,arrangement,fixing,analysis Ps.I,53; Vin.IV,289; Vism.111,236 (=nimitta),347 (def<sup>n</sup>); Miln.136; KhA 23.(Page 604) ,10,1
  14784. 469819,en,15,vavatthapeti,vavatthapeti,Vavatthapeti,Vavatthapeti, &#38; °ṭṭhāpeti [Caus.of vi+ava+<em> sthā</em>] to determine,fix,settle,define,designate,point out J.IV,17 (disaṁ °tthapetvā getting his bearings); Vbh.193 sq.; Vism.182; SnA 67; KhA 11,42,89; VvA.220.-- ppr.Pass.<i>vavatthāpiyamāna</i> DhA.I,21,35.-- pp.<i>vavatthita </i>&<i> vavatthāpita</i>.(Page 604) ,12,1
  14785. 469844,en,15,vavatthapita,vavatthāpita,Vavatthāpita,Vavatthāpita,[pp.of vavatthāpeti] arranged,settled,established Miln.345 (su°).(Page 604) ,12,1
  14786. 469877,en,15,vavattheti,vavattheti,Vavattheti,Vavattheti,[unusual pres.(Med.-Pass.) formation fr.vi+ ava+<em> sthā</em>,formed perhaps after vavatthita] to be determined or analysed Ps.I,53,76,84.(Page 604) ,10,1
  14787. 469887,en,15,vavatthita,vavatthita,Vavatthita,Vavatthita,[pp.of vi+ava+<em> sthā</em>,cp.vavatthapeti &#38; late Sk.vyavasthita “determination”] 1.entered on,arranged,fixed,determined,settled M.III,25; DhsA.36.-- 2.separated (opp.sambhinna) Vin.II,67 sq.(Page 604) ,10,1
  14788. 469916,en,15,vaya,vaya,Vaya,Vaya,<sup>2</sup> [Sk.vyaya,vi+<em>i</em>; occasionally as vyaya in Pāli as well] 1.loss,want,expense (opp.āya) A.IV,282 (bhogānaṁ); Sn.739; PvA.130.--<i>avyayena</i> safely D.I,72.‹-› 2.decay (opp.uppāda) D.II,157=J.I,392 (aniccā vata saṅkhārā uppāda-vaya-dhammino); S.IV,28; A.I,152,299.<br><br> <i>--karaṇa</i> expense,expenditure J.IV,355; Vin.II,321 (Sam.Pās on C.V,VI,4,6,explaining <i>veyyāsika</i> or <i>veyyāyika</i> of Vin.II,157).(Page 602) ,4,1
  14789. 469917,en,15,vaya,vaya,Vaya,Vaya,<sup>1</sup> ( &#38; vayo) (nt.) [Vedic vayas vitality,age; to be distinguished from another vayas meaning “fowl.” The latter is probably meant at Dhtp 232 ( &#38; Dhtm 332) with def<sup>n</sup> “gamane.” The etym.of vayo (age) is connected with Sk.vīra=Lat.vir.man,hero,vīs strength; Gr.i)ζ sinew,i)/fios strong; Sk.vīḍayati to make fast,also veśati; whereas <i>vayas</i> (fowl) corresponds with Sk.vayasa (bird) &#38; viḥ to Gr.ai)etόs eagle,oi)wnόs bird of prey,Lat.avis bird] age,especially young age,prime,youth; meaning “old age” when characterized as such or contrasted to youth (the ord.term for old age being <i>jarā</i>).Three “ages” or “periods of life” are usually distinguished,viz.<i>paṭhama°</i> youth,<i>majjhima°</i> middle age,<i>pacchima°</i> old age,e.g.at J.I,79; Vism.619; DhA.III,133.-- <i>vayo anuppatta</i> one who has attained old age,old D.I,48 (=pacchima-vayaṁ anuppatta DA.I,143); Sn.pp.50,92.-- Cp.Dh.260; J.I,138 (vayo-harā kesā); Vism.619 (the 3 vayas with subdivisions into dasakas or decades of life); Mhvs 2,26 (ekūnatiṁso vayasā 29 years of age); PvA.5 (paṭhama-vaye when quite young),36 (id.; just grown up).In cpds.vaya°.<br><br> <i>--kalyāṇa</i> charm of youth DhA.I,387.<i>--ppatta</i> come of age,fit to marry (at 16) VvA.120; PvA.3,112; ThA.266.(Page 602) ,4,1
  14790. 469931,en,15,vaya,vāya,Vāya,Vāya,[fr.<em>vā</em>,vāyati<sup>1</sup>] weaving PvA.112 (tunna°).See <i>tanta°</i>.(Page 609) ,4,1
  14791. 469999,en,15,vayam,vayaṁ,Vayaṁ,Vayaṁ,is the Sk.form of the Nom.pl.of pers.pron.<i>ahaṁ</i>,represented in Pāli by <i>mayaṁ</i> (q.v.).The form vayaṁ only in grammarians,mentioned also by Müller,P.Gr.p.87 as occurring in Dh.(?).The enclitic form for Acc.Gen. &#38; Dat.is no,found e.g.at Pv.I,5<sup>3</sup> (gloss for vo; C.amhākaṁ); J.II,153,352; DhA.I,101; PvA.20,73.(Page 602) ,5,1
  14792. 470011,en,15,vayama,vāyāma,Vāyāma,Vāyāma,[fr.vi+ā+<em>yam</em>] striving,effort,exertion,endeavour S.II,168; IV,197; V,440; A.I,174 (chando+),219; II,93; III,307; IV,320; V,93 sq.; J.I,72; Vbh.123,211,235; VbhA.91; DhA.IV,109; PvA.259.On vāyāma as a constituent of the “Path” (sammā°) see <i>magga</i> 2.a.-- <i>vāyāmaṁ karoti</i> to exert oneself DhA.IV,26; PvA.259.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14793. 470097,en,15,vayamati,vāyamati,Vāyamati,Vāyamati,[vi+ā+<em>yam</em>] to struggle,strive,endeavour; to exert oneself S.IV,308; V,398; A.IV,462 sq.(chandaṁ janeti v.viriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti); Pv IV.5<sup>2</sup>; Vbh.208 sq.; Pug.51; Vism.2; DhA.III,336; IV,137; PvA.185.(Page 609) ,8,1
  14794. 470171,en,15,vayana,vāyana,Vāyana,Vāyana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vā</em>,vāyati<sup>2</sup>] blowing VbhA.71 (upari°vāta).(Page 609) ,6,1
  14795. 470299,en,15,vayasa,vāyasa,Vāyasa,Vāyasa,[cp.Vedic vāyasa a large bird,Epic Sk.vāyasa crow] a crow D.I,9 (°vijjā:see DA.I,93); S.I,124; Sn.447,675; J.I,500; II,440; Miln.373; DhA.III,206; VvA.27.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14796. 470345,en,15,vayassa,vayassa,Vayassa,Vayassa,[cp.Sk.vayasya] a friend J.II,31; III,140; V,157.(Page 602) ,7,1
  14797. 470372,en,15,vayati,vāyati,Vāyati,Vāyati,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic vāti &#38; vāyati.See etym.under vāta] 1.to blow (only as vāyati) Vin.I,48; D.II,107 (mahāvātā vāyanti); S.IV,218 (vātā ākāse v.); J.I,18; VI,530; Mhvs 12,12.-- aor.<i>vāyi</i> S.IV,290; J.I,51.Cp.abhi°,upa°,pa°.-- 2.to breathe forth,to emit an odour,to smell Pv.I,6<sup>1</sup>; PvA.14; as <i>vāti</i> (2<sup>nd</sup> sg.vāsi) at J.II,11 (=vāyasi C.).-- pp.<i>vāta</i> only as noun “wind” (q.v.).(Page 609) ,6,1
  14798. 470373,en,15,vayati,vāyati,Vāyati,Vāyati,<sup>1</sup> [Vedic vayati,<em>vā</em>,cp.Sk.veman loom,vāṭikā band,Gr.i)/tus willow,Ohg.wīda id.; Lat.vieo to bind or plait] to weave,only in pp.<i>vāyita</i>.-- Pass.<i>viyyati</i> Vin.III,259.pp.also <i>vīta</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>vāyāpeti</i> to cause to be woven Vin.III,259 (=vināpeti); VvA.181.-- See also <i>vināti</i>.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14799. 470412,en,15,vayha,vayha,Vayha,Vayha,(nt.) &#38; <i>Vayhā</i> (f.) [grd.formation fr.<em>vah</em><i>;</i> cp.Sk.vahya (nt.)] a vehicle,portable bed,litter Vin.IV,339 (enum<sup>d</sup> under yāna together with ratha sakaṭa sandamānikā sivikā &#38; pāṭaṅkī); J.VI,500 (f.),with sivikā &#38; ratha.(Page 602) ,5,1
  14800. 470435,en,15,vayima,vāyima,Vāyima,Vāyima,(adj.) [fr.<em>vā</em><i>:</i> vāyati<sup>1</sup>] weaving,woven; <i>a°</i> not woven Vin.III,224 (of a rug or cover).(Page 609) ,6,1
  14801. 470442,en,15,vayin,vāyin,Vāyin,Vāyin,(adj.) [fr.vāyati<sup>2</sup>] blowing (forth),emitting an odour,smelling PvA.87.(Page 609) ,5,1
  14802. 470453,en,15,vayita,vāyita,Vāyita,Vāyita,[pp.of vāyati<sup>1</sup>,cp.Divy 276 vāyita] woven M.III,253 (sāma°),where Miln.240 in id.p.reads sayaṁ°; Vin.III,259.Cp.<i>vīta</i>.(Page 609) ,6,1
  14803. 470481,en,15,vayo,vāyo,Vāyo,Vāyo,(nt.) [for vāyu,in analogy to <i>āpo </i>&<i> tejo</i>,with which frequently enumerated] wind D.III,268 (°kasiṇa); M.I,1,424=A.IV,375; A.V,7,318,353 sq.(°saññā); S.III,207; Vism.172 (°kasiṇa),350 (def.).On vāyo as t.t.for mobility,mobile principle (one of the 4 elements) see Cpd.3,270; Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> § 962.<br><br> <i>--dhātu</i> the wind element,wind as one of the four great elements,wind as a general principle (consisting of var.kinds:see enum<sup>d</sup> under vāta) Vbh.84; Vism.363; Nett 74; VbhA.55; VvA.15; DA.I,194.(Page 609) ,4,1
  14804. 470612,en,15,vayu,vāyu,Vāyu,Vāyu,[Vedic vāya,fr.<em>vā</em><i>:</i> vāyati<sup>2</sup>] wind Miln.385; PvA.156.See next.(Page 609) ,4,1
  14805. 470678,en,15,ve°,ve°,Ve°,Ve°,is the guṇa (increment) form of <i>vi°</i>,found in many secondary (mostly f. &#38; nt.abstr.) derivations from words with <i>vi°</i>,e.g.vekalla,vecikicchin,veneyya,vepulla,vematta,vevicchā,veramaṇī,which Bdhgh expl<sup>s</sup> simply as “vi-kārassa ve-kāraṁ katvā veramaṇī” KhA 24.‹-› Cp.<i>veyy°</i>.(Page 646) ,3,1
  14806. 470679,en,15,ve,ve,Ve,Ve,<sup>2</sup> may be enclitic form of <i>tumhe</i>,for the usual <i>vo</i> at Sn.333 (=tumhākaṁ SnA 339).See P.T.S.ed.of Sn; cp.v.l.<i>ve</i> for <i>vo</i> at Sn.560 (here as particle!).(Page 646) ,2,1
  14807. 470680,en,15,ve,ve,Ve,Ve,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) [cp.Vedic vē,vai] part.of affirmation,emphasizing the preceding word:indeed,truly Vin.I,3 (etaṁ ve sukhaṁ); Dh.63 (<i>sa</i> ve bāḷo ti vuccati),83 (sabbattha ve),163 (yaṁ ve ...taṁ ve); Sn.1050,1075,1082; DhA.III,155 (=yeva).See also <i>have</i>.(Page 646) ,2,1
  14808. 470690,en,15,vebhanga,vebhaṅga,Vebhaṅga,Vebhaṅga,[fr.vibhaṅga] futility,failure J.IV,451 (opp.sampatti; expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>vipatti</i> C.).(Page 649) ,8,1
  14809. 470692,en,15,vebhangika,vebhaṅgika,Vebhaṅgika,Vebhaṅgika,(&<i>Vebhaṅgiya</i>) (adj.) see <i>a°</i>.(Page 649) ,10,1
  14810. 470705,en,15,vebhassi,vebhassi,Vebhassi,Vebhassi,(f.)=<i>vibhassikatā</i>,i.e.gossiping Vin.IV,241.(Page 649) ,8,1
  14811. 470707,en,15,vebhavya,vebhavya,Vebhavya,Vebhavya,( &#38; °ā) (nt. &#38; f.) [fr.vibhāvin] thinking over,criticism Dhs.16; Ps.I,119; Pug.25; Nett 76.(Page 649) ,8,1
  14812. 470710,en,15,vebhutika,vebhūtika,Vebhūtika,Vebhūtika,( &#38; °ya) (adj.-nt.) [fr.vibhūti 1] causing disaster or ruin; nt.calumnious speech,bad language D.III,106 (°ya); Sn.158 (°ya); Vv 84<sup>40</sup> (°ka; expl<sup>d</sup> as “sahitānaṁ vinābhāva-karaṇato vebhūtikaṁ,” i.e.pisuṇaṁ VvA.347).(Page 649) ,9,1
  14813. 470717,en,15,vecikicchin,vecikicchin,Vecikicchin,Vecikicchin,(adj.) [fr.vicikicchā] doubting,doubtful A.II,174 (kaṅkhin+); S.III,99 (id.); M.I,18; Sn.510.(Page 646) ,11,1
  14814. 470718,en,15,vecitta,vecitta,Vecitta,Vecitta,(nt.) [fr.vi+citta<sup>2</sup>] confusion,disturbed state of mind Dhtp 460 (in def<sup>n</sup> of root <em>muh</em>) (Page 646) ,7,1
  14815. 470725,en,15,veda,veda,Veda,Veda,[fr.<em>vid</em>,or more specifically <em>ved</em> as P.root] 1.(cp.vediyati &#38; vedanā) (joyful) feeling,religious feeling,enthusiasm,awe,emotion,excitement (something like <i>saṁvega</i>) D.II,210 (°paṭilābha+somanassa-paṭilābha); M.I,465 (uḷāra); Sn.1027 (=pīti SnA 585); J.II,336; III,266.<i>attha-veda+dhamma-veda</i> enthusiasm for the truth (for the letter &#38; the spirit) of Buddha’s teaching M.I,37; A.V,329 sq.333,349,352; <i>veda</i> here interpreted as “somanassaṁ” at MA.I,173.-- See also cpd.<i>°jāta</i>.-- 2.(cp.vedeti &#38; vijjā) (higher) knowledge (as “Buddhist” antithesis to the authority of the “Veda”),insight,revelation,wisdom:that which Bdhgh at MA.I,173 defines with “<i>ñāṇa</i>,” and illustrates with <i>vedagū</i> of Sn.1059; or refers to at DA.I,139 with def<sup>n</sup> “vidanti etenā ti vedo.” Thus at Sn.529 &#38; 792 (=vedā vuccanti catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṁ paññā Nd<sup>1</sup> 93),cp.SnA 403.-- As adj.<i>veda</i> Ep.of the Buddha “the knower” or the possessor of revelation,at M.I,386.See also <i>vedagū</i>.-- 3.the Veda(s),the brahmanic canon of authorized religious teaching (revelation) &#38; practice; otherwise given as “<i>gantha</i>” i.e.“text” at MA.I,173, &#38; illustrated with “tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū.” The latter formula is frequent in stock phrase describing the accomplishments of a Brahmin,e.g.at D.I,88; M.II,133; Sn.1019; A.I,163; DhA.III,361.In the older texts only the 3 Vedas (irubbeda=Rg; yaju° &#38; sāma°) are referred to,whereas later (in the Commentaries) we find the 4 mentioned (athabbana added),e.g.the three at S.IV,118; J.I,168; II,47; III,537; Miln.10; Vism.384; the four at DA.I,247; Miln.178.-- Unspecified (sg.):SnA 462.As adj.<i>veda</i> “knowing the Vedas” SnA 463 (ti°),cp.<i>tevijja</i>.-- The <i>Vedas</i> in this connection are not often mentioned,they are almost identical with the <i>Mantras</i> (see <i>manta</i>) and are often (in Com.) mentioned either jointly with <i>manta</i> or promiscuously,e.g.Pv.II,6<sup>13</sup> (the Vedas with the 6 <i>aṅgas</i>,i.e.vedāṅgas,called <i>manta</i>); SnA 293 (manta-pāragū+veda-pāragū),322,448.<br><br> <i>--antagu</i> “one who has reached the end of knowledge,” i.e.one who has obtained perfection in wisdom Vin.I,3; Sn.463.<i>--gū</i> one who has attained to highest knowledge (said of the Buddha).Thus different from “tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ <i>pāragū</i>,” which is brahmanic.The expl<sup>n</sup> of vedagū is “catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṁ” Nd<sup>2</sup> 612, &#38; see above 2.-- S.I,141,168; IV,83,206; A II 6; IV,340; Sn.322,458,529,749,846,947,1049,1060; Nd<sup>1</sup> 93,204,299,431.A peculiar meaning of <i>vedagū</i> is that of “soul” (lit.attainer of wisdom) at Miln.54 &#38; 71.<i>--jāta</i> thrilled,filled with enthusiasm,overcome with awe,excited A.II,63; Sn.995,1023; Kvu 554=Vv 34<sup>27</sup> (=jāta-somanassa VvA.156); J.I,11; Miln.297.<i>--pāragū</i> one who excels in the knowledge of the Vedas,perfected in the Veda SnA 293; cp.above 3.<i>--bandhu</i> one who is familiar with the Vedas SnA 192.(Page 647) ,4,1
  14816. 470741,en,15,vedaka,vedaka,Vedaka,Vedaka,(adj.) [fr.veda 3] knowing or studying the Vedas SnA 462 (brāhmaṇa).(Page 647) ,6,1
  14817. 470745,en,15,vedalla,vedalla,Vedalla,Vedalla,(nt.) [may be dialectical,obscure as to origin; Bdhgh refers it to Veda 1] Name of one of the 9 aṅgas (see <i>nava</i>) or divisions of the Canon according to matter A.II,7,103,178; III,88,107,361 sq.; IV,113; Vin.III,8; Pug.43; DhsA.26; DA.I,24; PvA.22.The DhsA.comprises under this <i>aṅga</i> the 2 suttas so-called in M.(43,44),the Sammādiṭṭhi,Sakkapañha,Saṅkhārābhājaniya,Mahāpuṇṇama etc.Suttas,as catechetical DhsA.26=DA.I,24.-- Note.The 2<sup>nd</sup> part of the word looks like a distortion fr.ariya (cp.mahalla›mah’ariya).Or might it be=vedaṅga? (Page 648) ,7,1
  14818. 470758,en,15,vedana,vedanā,Vedanā,Vedanā,(f.) [fr.<i>ved°:</i> see vedeti; cp.Epic Sk.vedanā] feeling,sensation (see on term,e.g.Cpd.14 Mrs.Rh.D.B.Psy.ch.iv.) D.I,45; II,58 (cp.Dial.II.54),66; III,58,77,221,228,238 (°upādāna); S.III,86 sq.; A.I,39,122,141; II,79,198,256; III,245 sq.450; IV,301,385; Kh III,(tisso v.); Sn.435,529,739,1111; Nd<sup>1</sup> 109; Nd<sup>2</sup> 551 (tisso v.); Ps.I,6,50 sq.145 sq.153 sq.; II,109 sq.181 sq.; Vbh.135 sq.294,401,403 sq.; Dhs.3,1348; Nett 27,65 sq.; 83,123,126; Tikp 246,317 sq.345 sq.; Vism.460 sq.; DA.I,125; VbhA.13 sq.39 sq.80,178,193,221 (°ânupassanā,in detail),263 sq.382 (various).-- Three modes of feeling (usually understood whenever mention is made of “<i>tisso vedanā</i>”):<i>sukhā</i> (pleasant),<i>dukkhā</i> (painful) <i>adukkha-m-asukhā</i> (indifferent) D.III,275; S.II,53,82; IV,207; A.III,400; It.46; Tikp 317 sq.-- or:<i>kusalā</i>,<i> akusalā</i>,<i> avyākatā</i> Vism.460.-- Five vedanās:sukhaṁ,dukkhaṁ,somanassaṁ,domanassaṁ,upekkhā Vism.461.Categories of 2 to 108 modes of Vedanā,S.IV,223 sq.--<i>vedanā</i> is one of the 5 <i>khandhas</i> (see khandha II.B).-- On relation of old and new sensations (purāṇa°›nava°) see e.g.A.II,40; III,388; IV,167; Vism.33; and see formula under <i>yātrā</i>.-- In the <i>Paṭiccasamuppāda</i> (q.v.) vedanā stands between <i>phassa</i> as condition and <i>taṇhā</i> as result; see e.g.Vism.567 sq.-- 2.(in special application) painful sensation,suffering,pain (i.e.dukkhavedanā) M.I,59; A.I,153 (sārīrikā bodily pain); II,116 (id.); III,143 (id.); Pv.I,10<sup>15</sup>; Miln.253 (kāyikā &#38; cetasikā); VbhA.101 (maraṇ’antikā v.agonies of death).--<i>vedan’aṭṭa</i> afflicted by pain Vin.II,61; III,100; J.I,293.-- As adj.<i>vedana</i> suffering or to be suffered Pv III,10<sup>6</sup> (=anubhūyamāna PvA.214).--<i>vedana</i> at J.III,349 is to be read as <i>vetana</i>.(Page 648) ,6,1
  14819. 470768,en,15,vedanaka,vedanaka,Vedanaka,Vedanaka,(adj.) [fr.vedanā] having feeling,endowed with sensation Vbh.419 (a°+asaññaka).(Page 648) ,8,1
  14820. 470826,en,15,vedayita,vedayita,Vedayita,Vedayita,[pp.of vedeti] felt,experienced S.I,112; II,65; III,46; A.II,198; IV,415; Vism.460.(Page 648) ,8,1
  14821. 470838,en,15,vedeha,vedeha,Vedeha,Vedeha,[=Npl.Vedeha] lit.from the Videha country; wise (see connection between Vedeha &#38; <i>ved</i>,vedeti at DA.I,139,resting on popular etymology) S.II,215 sq.(°muni,of Ānanda; expl<sup>d</sup> as “vedeha-muni=paṇḍitamuni,” cp.K.S.I.321; trsl<sup>n</sup> K.S.II.145 “the learned sage”); Mhvs 3,36 (same phrase; trsl<sup>n</sup> “the sage of the Videha country”); Ap 7 (id.).(Page 648) ,6,1
  14822. 470864,en,15,vedeti,vedeti,Vedeti,Vedeti,[Vedic vedayati; denom.or Caus.fr.<i>vid</i> to know or feel] “to sense,” usually in denom.function (only one Caus.meaning:see aor.<i>avedi</i>); meaning twofold:either intellectually “to know” (cp.<i>veda</i>),or with ref.to general feeling “to experience” (cp.<i>vedanā</i>).‹-› For the present tense two bases are to be distinguished,viz.<i>ved°</i>,used in both meanings; and <i>vediy°</i> (=*vedy°),a specific Pāli formation after the manner of the 4<sup>th</sup> (y) class of Sk.verbs,used only in meaning of “experience.” Thus <i>vedeti:</i> (a) to know (as=Acc.equal to “to call”) Sn.211 sq.(taṁ muniṁ vedayanti); (b) to feel,to experience S.IV,68 (phuṭṭho vedeti,ceteti,sañ‹-› jānāti); M.I,37; Pv IV.1<sup>50</sup> (dukkhaṁ=anubhavati PvA.241).--<i>vediyati</i>:to feel,to experience a sensation or feeling (usually with <i>vedanaṁ</i> or pl.vedanā) M.I,59; II,70 (also Pot.vediyeyya); S.II,82; III,86 sq.; IV,207; A.I,141; II,198 (also ppr.vediyamāna); J.II,241; Miln.253.-- aor.<i>avedi</i> he knew,recognized J.III,420 (=aññāsi C.); he made known,i.e.informed J.IV,35 (=jānāpesi C.); <i>vedi</i> (recognized,knew) Sn.643,647,1148 (=aññāsi aphusi paṭivijjhi Nd<sup>2</sup> 613); &#38; <i>vedayi</i> Sn.251 (=aññāsi SnA 293).-- Fut.<i>vedissati</i> (shall experience) Pv.I,10<sup>15</sup> (dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ v.).-- grd.<i>vediya</i> (to be known) Sn.474 (para° diṭṭhi held as view by others; expl<sup>d</sup> as “ñāpetabba” SnA 410); <i>vedanīya</i>:(a) to be known,intelligible,comprehensible D.I,12; (dhammā nipuṇā ...paṇḍita-vedanīyā); II,36; M.I,487; II,220; (b) to be experienced S.IV,114 (sukha° &#38; dukkha°); A.I,249 (diṭṭhadhamma°); IV,382; Pv.II,11<sup>7</sup> (sukha°-kamma= sukha-vipāka PvA.150); III,3<sup>7</sup> (kamma); IV,1<sup>29</sup> (of kamma-vipāka=anubhavana-yogga PvA.228); PvA.145 (kamma); &#38; <i>veditabba</i> to be understood or known D.I,186; PvA.71,92,104.-- pp.<i>vedita </i>&<i> vedayita</i>.(Page 648) ,6,1
  14823. 470876,en,15,vedha,vedha,Vedha,Vedha,[adj.-n.) [fr.<em>vidh</em><i>=</i><em>vyadh</em>,cp.vyādha] 1.piercing,pricking,hitting A.II,114 sq.(where it is said of a horse receiving pricks on var.parts,viz.on its hair:<i>loma°</i>; its flesh:<i>maṁsa°</i>; its bone:<i>aṭṭhi°)</i>.<i> --avedha</i> [to <i>vyath!</i>] not to be shaken or disturbed,imperturbable Sn.322 (=akampana-sabhāva SnA 331).-- 2.a wound J.II,274 sq.-- 3.a flaw Miln.119.-- Cp.<i>ubbedha</i>.(Page 648) ,5,1
  14824. 470881,en,15,vedhabba,vedhabba,Vedhabba,Vedhabba,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vidhavā,=Epic Sk.vaidhavya] widowhood J.VI,508.(Page 648) ,8,1
  14825. 470889,en,15,vedhana,vedhana,Vedhana,Vedhana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vidh</em> to pierce] piercing J.IV,29; DA.I,221.(Page 648) ,7,1
  14826. 470897,en,15,vedhati,vedhati,Vedhati,Vedhati,[for *vethati=vyathati,of <em>vyath</em>] to tremble,quiver,quake,shake S.V,402; Th.1,651; 2,237 (°amāna); Sn.899,902 (Pot.vedheyya); Nd<sup>1</sup> 312,467; J.II,191 (kampati+); Miln.254 (+calati); VvA.76 (vedhamānena sarīrena); DhA.II,249 (Pass.vedhiyamāna trembling; v.l.pa°).Cp.<i>vyadhati</i>,ubbedhati &#38; <i>pavedhati</i>.(Page 648) ,7,1
  14827. 470902,en,15,vedhavera,vedhavera,Vedhavera,Vedhavera,[for *Sk.vaidhaveya,fr.vidhavā] son of a widow; in two diff.passages of the Jātaka,both times characterized as <i>sukka-cchavī vedhaverā</i> “sons of widows,with white skins,” and at both places misunderstood (or unintelligibly expl<sup>d</sup>) by the Cy.viz.J.IV,184 (+thulla-bāhū; C.:vidhavā apatikā tehi vidhavā sarantī ti [ti]vidha-verā ca vedhaverā); VI,508 (C.:vidhav’itthakā; v.l.vidhav-ittikāmā purisā).(Page 648) ,9,1
  14828. 470917,en,15,vedhin,vedhin,Vedhin,Vedhin,(adj.) [fr.<em>vidh</em><i>=</i><em>vyadh</em>] piercing,shooting,hitting:see <i>akkhaṇa°</i>.(Page 648) ,6,1
  14829. 470920,en,15,vedhita,vedhitā,Vedhitā,Vedhitā,(f.) [pp.of vedheti,Caus.of vijjhati] shooting,hitting J.VI,448.(Page 648) ,7,1
  14830. 470927,en,15,vedi,vedi,Vedi,Vedi, &#38; Vedī (f.) [Vedic vedi sacrificial bench] ledge,cornice,rail Mhvs 32,5; 35,2; 36,52 (pāsāṇa°); 36,103; Vv 84<sup>16</sup> (=vedikā VvA.346).-- See on term Dial.II.210; Mhvs.tsrl<sup>n</sup> 220,296.Cp.<i>vedikā </i>&<i> velli</i>.(Page 648) ,4,1
  14831. 470943,en,15,vedika,vedikā,Vedikā,Vedikā,(f.) ( &#38; <i>vediyā</i>) [fr.vedi] cornice,ledge,railing D.II,179; Vin.II,120; J.IV,229,266; Vv 78<sup>6</sup> (vediyā= vedikā VvA.304); 84<sup>16</sup> (=vedikā VvA.340); VvA.275.(Page 648) ,6,1
  14832. 470953,en,15,vedisa,vedisa,Vedisa,Vedisa,[fr.vidisā?] N.of a tree J.V,405; VI,550.(Page 648) ,6,1
  14833. 470966,en,15,vedita,vedita,Vedita,Vedita,[pp.of vedeti] experienced,felt S.IV,205 (sukha &#38; dukkha)=Sn.738.(Page 648) ,6,1
  14834. 470990,en,15,vega,vega,Vega,Vega,[cp.Vedic vega,fr.<i>vij</i> to tremble] quick motion,impulse,force; speed,velocity S.IV,157; A.III,158 (sara°); Sn.1074; Miln.202,258,391; PvA.11,47 (vāta°),62 (visa°),67,284 (kamma°); Sdhp.295.-- Instr.<i>vegena</i> (adv.) quickly DhA.I,49; another form in same meaning is <i>vegasā</i>,after analogy of thāmasā,balasā etc.e.g.J.III,6; V,117.-- Cp.<i>saṁ°</i>.(Page 646) ,4,1
  14835. 470996,en,15,vegha,vegha,Vegha,Vegha,at D.II,100 (°missakena,trsl<sup>n</sup> Rh.D.“with the help of thongs”)=S.V,153 (T.reads vedha°), &#38; Th.1,143 (°missena,trsl<sup>n</sup> “violence”) may with Kern,Toev.s.v.be taken as <i>veggha=viggha</i> (Sk.vighna),i.e.obstacle,hindrance; cp.uparundhati Th.1,143.It remains obscure &#38; Kern’s expl<sup>n</sup> problematic.Cp.Dial.II.107.(Page 646) ,5,1
  14836. 471016,en,15,vehasa,vehāsa,Vehāsa,Vehāsa,[contraction of <i>vehāyasa</i>] the air,sky,heaven; only in the two cases (both used as Loc.“in the air”):Acc.<i>vehāsaṁ</i> D.III,27; S.V,283; Vin.III,105; VvA.78; &#38; Loc.<i>vehāse</i> Vin.I,320.<br><br> <i>--kuṭī</i> “air hut” i.e.airy room,“a hut in which a middle-sized man can stand without knocking his head against the ceiling” (expl<sup>n</sup>) Vin.IV,46.<i>--gamana</i> going through the air Vism.382; Dhtm 586.<i>--ṭṭha</i> standing in the air D.I,115; DA.I,284.<i>--ṭṭhita</i> id.D.I,95.(Page 651) ,6,1
  14837. 471030,en,15,vehasaya,vehāsaya,Vehāsaya,Vehāsaya,[=vehāyasa with metathesis y›s] occurs only in Acc.(=Loc.) <i>vehāsayaṁ</i>,equal to <i>vihāyasaṁ</i> at J.IV,471.(Page 651) ,8,1
  14838. 471034,en,15,vehayasa,vehāyasa,Vehāyasa,Vehāyasa,<i>=vihāyasa</i>,i.e.air,sky; only used in Acc.<i>vehāyasaṁ</i> in function of a Loc.(cp.VvA.182:vehāyasaṁ=vehāyasa-bhūte hatthi-piṭṭhe),comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>ṭhita</i> (standing in the air) Vv 41; Mhvs 1,24; PvA.14.(Page 651) ,8,1
  14839. 471056,en,15,vejja,vejja,Vejja,Vejja,[fr.<em>vid</em>,*Sk.vaidya,but to Pāli etym.feeling fr.<i>vijjā</i>] a physician,doctor,medical man,surgeon J.I,455; III,142; KhA 21; SnA 274 (in simile); VvA.185,322; DhA.I,8; PvA.36,86; Sdhp.279,351.--<i>hatthi°</i> elephantdoctor J.VI,490; Mhvs 25,34; <i>visa°</i> a physician who cures poison(ous bites) J.I,310; IV,498.<br><br> <i>--kamma</i> medical practice or treatment J.II,421; V,253; Vism.384; DhA.III,257,351; IV,172.(Page 646) ,5,1
  14840. 471067,en,15,vejjika,vejjikā,Vejjikā,Vejjikā,(f.) [fr.vejja?] medicine (?) Vin.III,185.(Page 646) ,7,1
  14841. 471075,en,15,vekalla,vekalla,Vekalla,Vekalla,(nt.) [fr.vikala] deficiency J.V,400; Miln.107; Dhs.223; DhA.II,26 (aṅga° deformity),79; III,22; VvA.193; Sdhp.5,17.-- As <i>vekalya</i> at KhA 187 (where contrasted to <i>sākalya)</i>.<i> -- jaṇṇū avekallaṁ karoti</i> to keep one’s knees straight Miln.418 (Kern,Toev.s.v.trsl<sup>s</sup> “presses tightly together”).See also <i>avekalla</i>.(Page 646) ,7,1
  14842. 471082,en,15,vekallata,vekallatā,Vekallatā,Vekallatā, &#38; vekalyatā (f.) [abstr.fr.vekalla] deficiency A.III,441 (a°); Vism.350 (indriya°); J.I,45 (v.254) (°lya°).(Page 646) ,9,1
  14843. 471087,en,15,vekanda,vekaṇḍa,Vekaṇḍa,Vekaṇḍa,[perhaps connected with vikaṇṇaka] a kind of arrow M.I,429.(Page 646) ,7,1
  14844. 471089,en,15,vekantaka,vekantaka,Vekantaka,Vekantaka,(VbhA.63) is a kind of copper:see <i>loha</i>.(Page 646) ,9,1
  14845. 471092,en,15,vekata,vekata,Vekata,Vekata,(adj.) [=vikata] changed VvA.10.(Page 646) ,6,1
  14846. 471095,en,15,vekatika,vekaṭika,Vekaṭika,Vekaṭika,(adj.) [fr.vikaṭa] one addicted to dirt,living on dirty food D.I,167; Miln.259 (doubled).(Page 646) ,8,1
  14847. 471101,en,15,vekkhiya,vekkhiya,Vekkhiya,Vekkhiya,is poetical for avekkhiya (=avekkhitvā:see avekkhati) in <i>appaṭivekkhiya</i> not considering J.IV,4.See the usual <i>paccavekkhati</i>.(Page 646) ,8,1
  14848. 471109,en,15,vela,velā,Velā,Velā,(f.) [Vedic velā in meaning 1; Ep.Sk.in meanings 2 &#38; 3] -- 1.time,point of time (often equal to <i>kāla</i>) Pug.13 (uḍḍahana°); J.IV,294; Miln.87; KhA 181; PugA 187; SnA 111 (bhatta° meal-time); DhsA.219; PvA.61,104,109 (aruṇ’uggamana°),129,155; VvA.165 (paccūsa° in the early morning).-- 2.shore,sea-shore Vin.II,237=A.IV,198; J.I,212; Mhvs 19,30.-- 3.limit,boundary A.V,250 (between v. &#38; agyāgāra); Th.1,762; Miln.358; DhsA.219; in spec.sense as “measure,” restriction,control (of character,<i>sīla-velā</i>) at Dhs.299 (“not to trespass” trsl<sup>n</sup>),and in dogmatic exegesis of <i>ativelaṁ</i> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 504; cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 462 &#38; DhsA.219.-- 4.heap,multitude (?) DhsA.219 (in Npl.Uruvelā which is however *Uruvilvā).(Page 650) ,4,1
  14849. 471123,en,15,velamika,velāmika,Velāmika,Velāmika,(adj.) [velāma+ika,the word velāma probably a district word] “belonging to Velāma,” at D.II,198 used as a clan-name (f.Velāmikānī),with vv.ll.Vessinī &#38; Vessāyinī (cp.Velāma Np.comb<sup>d</sup> with Vessantara at VbhA.414),and at D.II,333 classed with <i>khujjā</i>,<i> vāmanikā </i>&<i> komārikā</i> (trsl<sup>n</sup> “maidens”; Bdhgh:“very young &#38; childish”:see Dial.II.359); v.l.celāvikā.They are some sort of servants,esp.in demand for a noble’s retinue.See also Np.<i>Velāma</i> (the V.‹-› sutta at J.I,228 sq.).(Page 650) ,8,1
  14850. 471133,en,15,velayati,velāyati,Velāyati,Velāyati,[denom.fr.velā] to destroy (?) DhsA.219 (cp.Expos.II.297); expl<sup>d</sup> by <i>viddhaṁseti</i>.More appropriate would be a meaning like “control,” bound,restrict.(Page 650) ,8,1
  14851. 471140,en,15,vellalin,vellāḷin,Vellāḷin,Vellāḷin,(adj.) [Is it a corruption fr.*veyyāyin=*vyāyin?] flashing (of swords) J.VI,449.(Page 650) ,8,1
  14852. 471143,en,15,velli,velli,Velli,Velli,[dial.?] is a word peculiar to the Jātaka.At one passage it is expl<sup>d</sup> by the Commentary as “vedi” (i.e.rail,cornice),where it is applied to the slender waist of a woman (cp.<i>vilāka </i>&<i> vilaggita</i>):J.VI,456.At most of the other passages it is expl<sup>d</sup> as “a heap of gold”:thus at J.V,506 (verse:velli-vilāka-majjhā; C.:“ettha <i>vellī</i> ti <i>rāsi</i> vilākamajjhā ti vilagga-majjhā uttattaghana-suvaṇṇa-<i>rāsi-</i>ppabhā c’eva tanu-dīgha-majjhā ca”),and VI,269 (verse:kañcana-velli-viggaha; C.:“suvaṇṇa-<i>rāsi-</i>sassirīka-sarīrā”).At V,398 in the same passage as VI,269 expl<sup>d</sup> in C.as “kañcana-rūpakasadisa-sarīrā”).The idea of “golden” is connected with it throughout.(Page 650) ,5,1
  14853. 471150,en,15,vellita,vellita,Vellita,Vellita,(adj.) [pp.of vellati,<em>vell</em> to stagger,cp.paṭivellati] crooked,bent; (of hair:) curly PvA.189.It is only used with ref.to hair.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> with bending (or crooked) tip (of hair),i.e.curled Th.2,252 (cp.ThA.209); J.V,203 (=kuñcit’agga C.); VI,86 (sun-agga-vellita); PvA.46,142.-- Cp.kuñcita-kesa J.I,89.(Page 650) ,7,1
  14854. 471160,en,15,velu,veḷu,Veḷu,Veḷu,[=veṇu,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 43<sup>3</sup> &#38; Prk.veḷu:Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 243] a bamboo A.II,73; Vin.IV,35; J.IV,382 (daṇḍa°); V,71; Vism.1,17; SnA 76 (=vaṁsa); VbhA.334.<br><br> <i>--agga</i> (veḷagga) the top of a bamboo Vin.II,110.<i>--gumba</i> a bamboo thicket SnA 49,75.<i>--daṇḍa</i> a bamboo stick SnA 330.<i>--dāna</i> a gift of bamboo Vbh.246; Miln.369; SnA 311; KhA 236; VbhA.333.<i>--nāḷi</i> (°nalaka,°nāḷika) a stalk or shaft of bamboo Vism.260; KhA 52; ThA.212.<i>--pabba</i> a stalk or section of the b.J.I,245; Vism.358=VbhA.63.(Page 650) ,4,1
  14855. 471180,en,15,veluka,veḷuka,Veḷuka,Veḷuka,[fr.veḷu] a kind of tree J.V,405 (=vaṁsa-coraka).(Page 650) ,6,1
  14856. 471200,en,15,veluriya,veḷuriya,Veḷuriya,Veḷuriya,(nt.) [cp.dial.Sk.vaiḍūrya] a precious stone,lapis lazuli; cp.the same word “beryl” (with metathesis r›l; not fr.the Sk.form),which the Greeks brought to Europe from India.-- D.I,76; Vin.II,112; S.I,64; A.I,215; IV,199,203 sq.; J.III,437; Pv.II,7<sup>5</sup>; Mhvs 11,16; DhA.II,220.Often in descriptions of <i>Vimānas</i>,e.g.Vv 2<sup>1</sup>; 12<sup>1</sup>; 17<sup>1</sup>; cp.VvA.27,60.-- Probably through a word-play with <i>veḷu</i> (bamboo; popular etymology) it is said to have the colour of bamboo:see <i>vaṁsa-rāga </i>&<i> vaṁsa-vaṇṇa</i>.At J.I,207 a peacock’s neck is described as having the colour of the <i>veḷuriya</i>.At Miln.267 (in inventory of “loka”) we have the foll.enumeration of precious stones:<i>pavāḷa</i> coral,<i>lohitaṅka</i> ruby,<i>masāragalla</i> cat’s eye,<i>veḷuriya</i> lapis lazuli,<i>vajira</i> diamend.See also under <i>ratana<sup>1</sup></i>.(Page 650) ,8,1
  14857. 471208,en,15,veluva,veḷuva,Veḷuva,Veḷuva,[cp.Vedic vainava (made of cane)?] probably not to <i>veḷu</i>,but another spelling for <i>beḷuva</i>,in <i>°laṭṭhikā</i> S.III,91,as sometimes v.l.<i>veḷuva</i> for <i>beḷuva</i> (q.v.).(Page 650) ,6,1
  14858. 471224,en,15,vema,vema,Vema,Vema,(nt.) [fr.vāyati<sup>2</sup>,cp.Sk.veman (nt.); Lat.vimen] loom or shuttle DhA.III,175; SnA 268.(Page 649) ,4,1
  14859. 471231,en,15,vemajjha,vemajjha,Vemajjha,Vemajjha,(nt.) [fr.vi+majjha] middle,centre J.IV,250; VI,485; Pug.16,17; Vism.182 (°bhāga central part); VvA.241,277.-- Loc.<i>vemajjhe</i>:(a) in the present,or central interval of <i>saṁsāra</i> Sn.849 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 213 and majjha 3 b); (b) in two,asunder Vism.178.(Page 649) ,8,1
  14860. 471238,en,15,vemaka,vemaka,Vemaka,Vemaka,(nt.)=<i>vema</i> Vin.II,135.(Page 649) ,6,1
  14861. 471243,en,15,vemanika,vemānika,Vemānika,Vemānika,(adj.) [fr.vimāna<sup>1</sup>] having a fairy palace (see vimāna 3) J.V,2; DhA.III,192.(Page 649) ,8,1
  14862. 471253,en,15,vematika,vematika,Vematika,Vematika,(adj.) [fr.vimati] in doubt,uncertain,doubtful Vin.I,126; II,65; IV,220,259; Vism.14 (°sīla).Opp.<i>nibbematika</i>.(Page 649) ,8,1
  14863. 471260,en,15,vematika,vemātika,Vemātika,Vemātika,(adj.) [vi+°mātika] having a different mother J.IV,105 (°bhāginī); VI,134 (°bhātaro); PvA.19.(Page 649) ,8,1
  14864. 471270,en,15,vematta,vematta,Vematta,Vematta,(nt.) [fr.vi+matta<sup>1</sup>] difference,distinction Miln.410; Vism.195.(Page 649) ,7,1
  14865. 471276,en,15,vemattata,vemattatā,Vemattatā,Vemattatā,(f.) [abstr.formation fr.vematta] difference,distinction,discrepancy,disproportion(ateness) M.I,453,494; S.II,21; III,101; V,200; A.III,410 sq.; Sn.p.102 (puggala°); Nett 4,72 sq.107 sq.; Miln.284,285.‹-› The 8 differences of the var.Buddhas are given at SnA 407 sq.as addhāna°,āyu°,kula°,pamāṇa°,nekkhamma°,padhāna°,bodhi°,raṁsi°.(Page 649) ,9,1
  14866. 471284,en,15,vena,veṇa,Veṇa,Veṇa,[cp.*Sk.vaiṇa,dial.] 1.a worker in bamboo PvA.175.-- 2.a member of a low &#38; despised class (cp.pukkusa) Vin.IV,6; S.I,93 (°kula); A.II,85 (id.); III,385; Pug.51; f.<i>veṇī</i> J.V,306 (=tacchikā C.); Pv III,1<sup>13</sup> (read veṇī for veṇiṁ).(Page 647) ,4,1
  14867. 471297,en,15,venateyya,venateyya,Venateyya,Venateyya,[fr.vinata] descended from Vinatā,Ep.of a garuḷa Ps.II,196; J.VI,260; Dāvs.IV,45.(Page 648) ,9,1
  14868. 471309,en,15,venayika,venayika,Venayika,Venayika,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [fr.vinaya] versed in the Vinaya Vin.I,235; III,3 (cp.Vin A.I,135); M.I,140; A.IV,175,182 sq.; V,190; Miln.341.(Page 648) ,8,1
  14869. 471310,en,15,venayika,venayika,Venayika,Venayika,<sup>1</sup> [fr.vi 3+naya] a nihilist.The Buddha was accused of being a v.M.I,140.(Page 648) ,8,1
  14870. 471321,en,15,veneyya,veneyya,Veneyya,Veneyya,(adj.) [=vineyya,grd.of vineti; cp.BSk.vaineya Divy 36,202 &#38; passim] to be instructed,accessible to instruction,tractable,ready to receive the teaching (of the Buddha).The term is late (Jātaka style &#38; Com.) J.I,182 (Buddha°),504; SnA 169,510; DhA.I,26; VbhA.79; VvA.217; ThA.69 (Ap.v.10).Cp.<i>buddha°</i>.(Page 648) ,7,1
  14871. 471325,en,15,veneyyatta,veneyyatta,Veneyyatta,Veneyyatta,(nt.) [fr.veneyya] tractableness Nett 99.(Page 649) ,10,1
  14872. 471334,en,15,veni,veṇi,Veṇi,Veṇi,(f.) [cp.Sk.veṇi] a braid of hair,plaited hair,hair twisted into a single braid A.III,295; Vin.II,266 (dussa°); Th.2,255; Vv 38<sup>4</sup> (=kesa-veṇi C.).fig.of a “string” of people D.I,239 (andha°).<i>--°kata</i> plaited,having the hair plaited J.II,185; V,431.(Page 647) ,4,1
  14873. 471365,en,15,venu,veṇu,Veṇu,Veṇu,[cp.Vedic veṇu.Another P,form is <i>veḷu</i> (q.v.)] bamboo; occurs only in cpds.e.g.<i>--°gumba</i> thicket of bamboo DhA.I,177; <i>--°tinduka</i> the tree Diospyros J.V,405 (=timbaru C.); <i>--°daṇḍaka</i> jungle-rope J.III,204; <i>--°bali</i> a tax to be paid in bamboo (by bamboo workers) DhA.I,177; <i>°-vana</i> bamboo forest J.V,38.(Page 647) ,4,1
  14874. 471397,en,15,vepakka,vepakka,Vepakka,Vepakka,(nt.) [fr.vipakka] ripening,ripeness,maturity.‹-› (adj.) yielding fruit,resulting in (-°) A.I,223 (kāmadhātu° kamma); III,416 (sammoha° dukkha); Sn.537 (dukkha° kamma).(Page 649) ,7,1
  14875. 471411,en,15,vepulla,vepulla,Vepulla,Vepulla,(nt.) [fr.vipula] full development,abundance,plenty,fullness D.III,70,221,285; S.III,53; A.I,94 (āmisa°,dhamma°); III,8,404; V,152 sq.350 sq.; Miln.33,251; Vism.212 (saddhā°,sati°,paññā°,puñña°),619; DhA.I,262 (sati°); VbhA.290.-- Often in phrase <i>vuḍḍhi virūḷhi vepulla</i> (see vuḍḍhi),e.g.Vin.I,60; It.113.Cp.<i>vetulla</i>.(Page 649) ,7,1
  14876. 471425,en,15,vepullata,vepullatā,Vepullatā,Vepullatā,(f.) [abstr.formation fr.vepulla]=vepulla; A.II,144 (rāga°,dosa°,moha°); Ap 26,39; Miln.252.As <i>vepullataṁ</i> (nt.) at A.III,432.(Page 649) ,9,1
  14877. 471430,en,15,vepurisika,vepurisikā,Vepurisikā,Vepurisikā,(f.) [vi+purisa+aka] a woman resembling a man (sexually),a man-like woman,androgyn Vin.II,271; III,129.(Page 649) ,10,1
  14878. 471436,en,15,vera,vera,Vera,Vera,(nt.) [cp.Sk.vaira,der.fr.vīra] hatred,revenge,hostile action,sin A.IV,247; Dh.5; J.IV,71; DhA.I,50.; PvA.13.--<i>avera</i> absence of enmity,friendliness; (adj.) friendly,peaceable,kind D.I,167,247 (sa° &#38; a°),251; S.IV,296; A.IV,246; Sn.150.The <i>pañca bhayāni verāni</i> (or <i>vera-bhayā</i>) or <i>pañca verā</i> (Vbh.378) “the fivefold guilty dread” are the fears connected with sins against the 5 first commandments (sīlāni); see S.II,68; A.III,204 sq.; IV,405 sq.; V,182; It.57=Sn.167 (vera-bhay’atīta).(Page 649) ,4,1
  14879. 471445,en,15,verajja,verajja,Verajja,Verajja,(nt.) [fr.vi+rajja] a variety of kingdoms or provinces S.III,6 (nānā°-gata bhikkhu a bh.who has travelled much).(Page 649) ,7,1
  14880. 471451,en,15,verajjaka,verajjaka,Verajjaka,Verajjaka,(adj.) [fr.verajja] belonging to var.kingdoms or provinces,coming from various countries <i>(nānā°)</i>; living in a different country,foreign,alien D.I,113; M.II,165 (brāhmaṇā); A.III,263 (bhikkhū); Th.1,1037; Vv 84<sup>12</sup> (=videsa-vasika VvA.338); Miln.359.(Page 650) ,9,1
  14881. 471455,en,15,veraka,veraka,Veraka,Veraka,<i>=vera; a°</i> Pv IV.1<sup>38</sup>.See also <i>verika</i>.(Page 649) ,6,1
  14882. 471464,en,15,veramani,veramaṇī,Veramaṇī,Veramaṇī,(f.) [fr.viramaṇa; cp.the odd form BSk.<i>vīramaṇī</i>,e.g.Jtm.213] abstaining from (-°),abstinence A.II,217,253; V,252 sq.304 sq.; Sn.291; Pug.39,43; Vism.11; KhA 24; DhA.I,235,305.(Page 650) ,8,1
  14883. 471473,en,15,veramba,veramba,Veramba,Veramba,( &#38; °bha) (adj.) [etym.? Probably dialectical,i.e.regional] attribute of the wind (<i>vāta</i> or pl.<i>vātā</i>),a wind blowing in high altitudes [cp.BSk.vairambhaka Divy 90] S.II,231; A.I,137; Th.I,597; J.III,255,484; VI,326; Nd<sup>2</sup> 562; VbhA.71.(Page 650) ,7,1
  14884. 471505,en,15,verika,verika,Verika,Verika,=vera i.e,inimical; enemy (cp.<i>veraka</i>) J.V,229,505; Vism.48.(Page 650) ,6,1
  14885. 471511,en,15,verin,verin,Verin,Verin,(adj.) [fr.vera] bearing hostility,inimical,revengeful J.III,177; Pv IV.3<sup>25</sup> (=veravanto PvA.252); Miln.196; Vism.296 (°puggala),326 (°purisa,in simile),512 (in sim.); VbhA.89.-- Neg.<i>averin</i> Dh.197,258.(Page 650) ,5,1
  14886. 471521,en,15,verocana,verocana,Verocana,Verocana,[=virocana,fr virocati] the sun (lit.“shining forth”) S.I,51; A.II,50.(Page 650) ,8,1
  14887. 471531,en,15,vesa,vesa,Vesa,Vesa,[cp.Sk.veṣa,fr.<em>viṣ</em> to be active] dress,apparel; (more frequently:) disguise,(assumed) appearance J.I,146 (pakati° usual dress),230 (āyuttaka°); III,418 (andha°); Miln.12; DhA.II,4; PvA.62,93 (ummattaka°),161 (tunnavāya°); Sdhp.384; purisa° (of women) DA.I,147.(Page 650) ,4,1
  14888. 471541,en,15,vesakha,vesākha,Vesākha,Vesākha,[cp.Vedic vaiśākha] N.of a month (April-May) Mhvs 1,73; 29,1.(Page 650) ,7,1
  14889. 471561,en,15,vesama,vesama,Vesama,Vesama,=visama VvA.10.(Page 650) ,6,1
  14890. 471575,en,15,vesarajja,vesārajja,Vesārajja,Vesārajja,(nt.) [abstr.formation fr.visārada,i.e.*vaiśāradya] (the Buddha’s or an Arahant’s) perfect selfconfidence (which is of 4 kinds),self-satisfaction,subject of confidence.The four are given in full at M.I,71 sq.viz.highest knowledge,khīṇāsava state,recognition of the obstacles,recognition &#38; preaching of the way to salvation.See also D.I,110; J.II,27; A.II,13; III,297 sq.; IV,83,210,213; M.I,380; Ps.II,194; Nd<sup>2</sup> 466<SUP>B</SUP>; DhA I 86; DA.I,278; KhA 104; VvA.213; Sdhp.593.(Page 650) ,9,1
  14891. 471592,en,15,vesi,vesī,Vesī,Vesī, &#38; Vesiyā (f.) [the f.of vessa] a woman of low caste,a harlot,prostitute.-- (a) <i>vesī</i>:Vin.III,138; J.V,425; in cpd.<i>vesi-dvāra</i> a pleasure house Th.2,73.-- (b) <i>vesiyā</i>:Vin.IV,278; Sn.108; Vbh.247; in cpd.<i>vesiyā-gocara</i> asking alms from a prostitute’s house DhA.III,275; DhsA.151; VbhA.339.(Page 650) ,4,1
  14892. 471607,en,15,vesiyana,vesiyāna,Vesiyāna,Vesiyāna,[=vessa,with °na as in gimhāna,vassāna etc.] a Vaiśya <i>(Vessa)</i> J.VI,15,21,328,490,492.As <i>vessāyana</i> at Sn.455 (where vesiyāna is required).(Page 650) ,8,1
  14893. 471613,en,15,vesma,vesma,Vesma,Vesma,(nt.) [Vedic veśman,fr.<em>viś</em> to enter:see visati] a house J.V,84.A trace of the n-stem in Loc.<i>vesmani</i> J.V,60.(Page 651) ,5,1
  14894. 471623,en,15,vessa,vessa,Vessa,Vessa,[cp.Vedic vaiśya,a dial.(local) word] a Vaiśya,i.e.a member of the third social (i.e.lower) grade (see vaṇṇa 6),a man of the people D.III,81,95 (origin); S.I,102,166; IV,219; V,51; A.I,162; II,194; III,214,242; Vbh.394; DA.I,254 (origin).-- f.<i>vesī</i> (q.v.); <i>vessī</i> (as a member of that caste) D.I,193; A.III,226,229.(Page 651) ,5,1
  14895. 471656,en,15,vessika,vessikā,Vessikā,Vessikā,(f.) [fr.vessa] a Vaiśya woman Sn.314.(Page 651) ,7,1
  14896. 471662,en,15,vetabba,vetabba,Vetabba,Vetabba,is grd.of *veti [<em>vi</em>]<i>=vināti</i> to weave (q,v.),thus “to be woven,” or what is left to be woven J.VI,26.‹-› inf.<i>vetuṁ</i> Vin.II,150.(Page 647) ,7,1
  14897. 471665,en,15,vetala,vetāla,Vetāla,Vetāla,at D.I,6 (in the lists of forbidden crafts) refers to some magic art.The proper meaning of the word was already unknown when Bdhgh at DA.I,84 explained it as “ghana-tāḷaṁ” (cymbal beating) with remark “mantena mata-sarīr’uṭṭhāpanan ti eke” (some take it to be raising the dead by magic charms).Rh.D.at Dial.I.8 translates “chanting of bards” (cp.vetālika).It is of dialectical origin.(Page 647) ,6,1
  14898. 471672,en,15,vetalika,vetālika,Vetālika,Vetālika,[dial.; cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.vaitālika] a certain office or occupation at court connected with music or other entertainment,a bard.With other terms in list at Miln.331,some of them obscure and regional.Also at J.VI,277,where expl<sup>d</sup> as “vetālā [read vettāya?] uṭṭhāpake,” i.e.those whose duty it is [by vetāla or vetta] to make (people] rise.The expl<sup>n</sup> is obscure,the <i>uṭṭhāpaka</i> reminds of Bdhgh’s <i>uṭṭhāpana</i> (under vetāla).Kern misunderstands the phrase by translating “chasing bards away.” (Page 647) ,8,1
  14899. 471681,en,15,vetana,vetana,Vetana,Vetana,(nt.) [cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.vetana] wages,hire; payment,fee,remuneration; tip J.I,194 (nivāsa° rent); Sn.24; VvA.141; DhA.I,25; PvA.112.Most frequently comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>bhatta°</i> (q.v.).As <i>vedana</i> at J.III,349.(Page 647) ,6,1
  14900. 471688,en,15,vetandin,vetaṇḍin,Vetaṇḍin,Vetaṇḍin,(adj.) [fr.vitaṇḍā] full of sophistry,skilled in vitaṇḍā Miln.90 (said of King Milinda).(Page 647) ,8,1
  14901. 471709,en,15,vetasa,vetasa,Vetasa,Vetasa,[Vedic vetasa] the ratan reed,Calamus rotang J.V,167; SnA 451.(Page 647) ,6,1
  14902. 471717,en,15,vetha,veṭha,Veṭha,Veṭha,[fr.<em>viṣṭ</em>,<i> </i><em>veṣṭ</em>] wrap,in <i>sīsa°</i> head-wrap,turban M.I,244; S.IV,56.(Page 646) ,5,1
  14903. 471727,en,15,vethaka,veṭhaka,Veṭhaka,Veṭhaka,(adj.) [fr.veṭheti] surrounding,enveloping D.I,105 (“furbelow” see Dial.I.130); Mhvs 11,14 (valayaṅguli°).(Page 646) ,7,1
  14904. 471736,en,15,vethana,veṭhana,Veṭhana,Veṭhana,(nt.) [fr.veṭheti,cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.veṣṭhana] 1.surrounding,enveloping J.VI,489.-- 2.a turban,head-dress D.I,126; A.I,145; III,380 (sīsa°); J.V,187; DhA.IV,213; PvA.161.-- 3.wrapping,clothing,wrap,shawl J.VI,12.-- Cp.<i>pali°</i>.(Page 647) ,7,1
  14905. 471755,en,15,vetheti,veṭheti,Veṭheti,Veṭheti,[Vedic veṣṭate,<em>viṣṭ</em> or <em>veṣṭ</em>,to Lat.virga,branch,lit.twisting] to twist round,envelope,wrap,surround J.I,5,422; Miln.282.-- Pass.<i>veṭhiyati</i>:see <i>vi°</i>.-- pp.<i>veṭhita</i>.-- Cp.<i>pali°</i>.(Page 647) ,7,1
  14906. 471764,en,15,vethita,veṭhita,Veṭhita,Veṭhita,[pp.of veṭheti] enveloped,enclosed,surrounded,wrapped Sdhp.362.Cp.<i>ni°</i>,<i> pari°</i>.(Page 647) ,7,1
  14907. 471778,en,15,veti,veti,Veti,Veti,[vi+eti,of i; Sk.vyeti] to go away,disappear,wane S.III,135; A.II,51; J.III,154; DhsA.329.Cp.<i>vyavayāti</i>.(Page 647) ,4,1
  14908. 471788,en,15,vetta,vetta,Vetta,Vetta,(nt.) [cp.Epic Sk.vetra] twig,rod; creeper; junglerope (cp.veṇu-daṇḍa); cane (calamus).By itself only in standard list of punishments (tortures):<i>vettehi tāḷeti</i> to flog with canes,e.g.A.I,47; II,122; Miln.196.Otherwise freq.in cpds.:<br><br> <i>--agga</i> cane-top,sprout of bamboo (cp.kaḷīra) Vism.255 (where KhA in id.p.reads °aṅkura); VbhA.60,239,252.<i>--aṅkura</i> a shoot of bamboo KhA 52,67.<i>--āsana</i> cane chair VvA.8.<i>--cāra</i> (vettācāra) “stick-wandering” (?) J.III,541 (+saṅkupatha; C.:vettehi sañcaritabba); Vv 84<sup>11</sup> (vettācāraṁ saṅkupathañ ca maggaṁ,expl<sup>d</sup> as vettalatā bandhitvā ācaritabba magga VvA.338); better as “jungle-path.” <i>--patha</i> “a jungle full of sticks” (trsl<sup>n</sup> Rh.D.) Miln.280 (+saṅkupatha),jungle-path.<i>--bandhana</i> binding with twigs (rope?),creeper-bands S.III,155; V,51=A.IV,127.<i>--latā</i> cane creeper J.I,342; VvA.8,338.<i>--valli</i> garland of creeper Dāvs III,40.(Page 647) ,5,1
  14909. 471811,en,15,vetulla,vetulla,Vetulla,Vetulla,( &#38; vetulya) [cp.*Sk.vaitulya; also called vaipulya,fr.<i>vipula</i>.The P.form is not clear; it probably rests on dial.trsl<sup>n</sup> of a later term] a certain dissenting sect (see Mhvs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 259,n.2) in <i>°vāda</i> heretic doctrine Mhvs 36,41; Dpvs 22,45; <i>--°vādin</i> an adherent of this doctrine.(Page 647) ,7,1
  14910. 471823,en,15,vevacana,vevacana,Vevacana,Vevacana,(nt.) [fr.vivacana] attribute,epithet; synonym Nett 1 sq.24,53 sq.82,106; Vism.427; SnA 24,447.Cp.<i>adhivacana</i>.(Page 650) ,8,1
  14911. 471828,en,15,vevahika,vevāhika,Vevāhika,Vevāhika,[fr.vivāha] wedding-guest J.II,420.(Page 650) ,8,1
  14912. 471831,en,15,vevanna,vevaṇṇa,Vevaṇṇa,Vevaṇṇa,(nt.) [fr.vivaṇṇa] discolouring ThA.85 (Ap.v.42).(Page 650) ,7,1
  14913. 471837,en,15,vevanniya,vevaṇṇiya,Vevaṇṇiya,Vevaṇṇiya,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vivaṇṇa] 1.state of having no caste,life of an outcast A.V,87≈200.[Cp.BSk.vaivarṇika outcast Divy 424].-- 2.discolouring,fading,waning J.III,394.(Page 650) ,9,1
  14914. 471845,en,15,veviccha,veviccha,Veviccha,Veviccha,(nt.) [abstr.formation fr.vivicchā] “multifarious wants,” greediness,selfishness,avarice Sn.941 (=pañca macchariyāni Nd<sup>1</sup> 422,as at Nd<sup>2</sup> 614),1033 (where Nett 11 reads vivicchā); Pug.19,23; Dhs.1059,1122; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.taṇhā; DhsA.366,375.(Page 650) ,8,1
  14915. 471850,en,15,veyy°,veyy°,Veyy°,Veyy°,is a (purely phonetic) diaeretic form of <i>vy°</i>,for which <i>viy° </i>&<i> veyy°</i> are used indiscriminately.There is as little difference between <i>viy° </i>&<i> veyy°</i> as between <i>vi° </i>&<i> ve°</i> in those cases where (double,as it were) abstract nouns are formed from words with <i>ve°</i> (vepullatā,vemattatā,etc.),which shows that <i>ve°</i> was simply felt as <i>vi°</i>.Cp.the use of e for i (esp.before y) in cases like alabbhaneyya›°iya; addhaneyya›°iya; pesuṇeyya›°iya,without any difference in meaning.(Page 649) ,5,1
  14916. 471855,en,15,veyyabadhika,veyyābādhika,Veyyābādhika,Veyyābādhika,(adj.) [=vyābādhika] causing injury or oppression,oppressive,annoying (of pains) M.I,10; A.III,388; Vism.35 (expl<sup>d</sup> diff.by Bdhgh as “vyābādhato uppannattā veyyābādhikā”).(Page 649) ,12,1
  14917. 471862,en,15,veyyaggha,veyyaggha,Veyyaggha,Veyyaggha,(adj.) [fr.vyaggha] belonging to a tiger Dh.295 (here simply=vyaggha.i.e.with a tiger as fifth; veyya°=vya° metri causâ; Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> at DhA.III,455 is forced).-- (m).a car covered with a tiger’s skin J.V,259,cp.377.(Page 649) ,9,1
  14918. 471868,en,15,veyyagghin,veyyagghin,Veyyagghin,Veyyagghin,<i>=veyyaggha</i> (adj.) J.IV,347.(Page 649) ,10,1
  14919. 471876,en,15,veyyakarana,veyyākaraṇa,Veyyākaraṇa,Veyyākaraṇa,(m.nt.) [=vyākaraṇa] 1.(nt.) answer,explanation,exposition D.I,46,51,105,223; II,202; A.III,125; V,50 sq.; Sn.352,510,1127; Pug.43,50; Miln.347; DA.I,247.-- 2.(m.) one who is expert in explanation or answer,a grammarian D.I,88; A.III,125; Sn.595; Miln.236; SnA 447.(Page 649) ,11,1
  14920. 471888,en,15,veyyanjanika,veyyañjanika,Veyyañjanika,Veyyañjanika,[=vyañjanika] one who knows the signs,a fortune-teller,soothsayer J.V,233,235.-- The BSk.equivalent is <i>vaipañcanika</i> (MVastu I.207) etc.:see under <i>vipañcita</i>,which may have to be derived (as viyañcita=viyañjita) from vi+<i>añj</i>=vyañjana.See also Kern.Toev.p.19.(Page 649) ,12,1
  14921. 471890,en,15,veyyatta,veyyatta,Veyyatta,Veyyatta,=viyatta,i.e.accomplished,clever J.V,258.(Page 649) ,8,1
  14922. 471893,en,15,veyyatti,veyyatti,Veyyatti,Veyyatti,(f.) [=viyatti] distinction,cleverness,accomplishment J.V,258; VI,305.(Page 649) ,8,1
  14923. 471898,en,15,veyyattiya,veyyattiya,Veyyattiya,Veyyattiya,(nt.) [abstr.form (°ya=°ka) fr.veyyatti= viyatti] distinction,lucidity; accomplishment D.III,38 (paññā° in wisdom); M.I,82,175; II,209.(Page 649) ,10,1
  14924. 471905,en,15,veyyavacca,veyyāvacca,Veyyāvacca,Veyyāvacca,(nt.) [corresponds to (although doubtful in what relation) Sk.*vaiyā-pṛtya,abstr.fr.<i>vyāpṛta</i> active,busy (to <i>pṛ</i>,pṛṇoti)=P.vyāvaṭa; it was later retranslated into BSk.as <i>vaiyāvṛtya</i> (as if vi+ā+<em>vṛt</em>); e.g.Divy 54,347; MVastu I.298] service,attention,rendering a service; work,labour,commission,duty Vin.I,23; A.III,41; J.I,12 (kāya°); VI,154; SnA 466; VvA.94; ThA.253.<i>--°kamma</i> doing service,work J.III,422; <i>--°kara</i> servant,agent,(f.) housekeeper J.III,327; VvA.349; <i>°-kārikā</i> (f.) id.PvA.65.-- Cp.<i>vyappatha</i>.(Page 649) ,10,1
  14925. 471915,en,15,veyyavatika,veyyāvaṭika,Veyyāvaṭika,Veyyāvaṭika,(nt.) [doublet of veyyāvacca; °ka=°ya] service,waiting on,attention Sn.p.104 (kāya°); J.IV,463; VI,154,418,503 (dāna°); DhA.I,27 (kāya°); III,19 (dāna°); Dpvs VI,61.(Page 649) ,11,1
  14926. 471924,en,15,veyyayika,veyyāyika,Veyyāyika,Veyyāyika,(nt.) [fr.vyaya] money to defray expenses,means Vin.II,157.(Page 649) ,9,1
  14927. 471934,en,15,vi,vi,Vi,Vi,(indecl.) [prefix,resting on Idg.<i>*ǔi</i> “two,” as connotation of duality or separation (Ger.“ent-zwei”),which is contained in viṁśati,num.for “twenty” (see vīsati),cp.Sk.viṣu apart,Gr.i]/dios private (lit.separate); also Sk.u-bhau both; and <i>*ǔidh</i>,as in Lat.dīvido=divide.A secondary (compar.) formation in Sk.vitara further,farther,Goth.wipra against,Ger.wider] 1.(a) inseparable prefix of separation and expansion,in original meaning of “asunder,” semantically closely related to Lat.dis- &#38; Ger ver-.Often as base-prefix in var.meanings (see below 1--4),also very frequent as modifying prefix (in comb<sup>n</sup> with other primary prefixes like ā,ni,pa,paṭi,saṁ),where its prevailing character is one of emphasis.-- (b) The native grammarians define <i>vi-</i> either as “<i>vividha</i>” (i.e.our meaning 2):see Bdhgh.at SnA 136 (viharati=vividhaṁ hitaṁ harati); and Vism.179 vividhaṁ khittaṁ=vikkhittaṁ; see also under viggaṇhati; or “<i>prātilomya</i>” (i.e.meaning 3):Nirukta (ed.Roth) I.3; or paraphrase it by <i>su°</i> or <i>suṭṭhu</i> (i.e.meaning 4):see under vimāna &#38; vippasanna.The latter meaning also in Hemacandra’s Anek’ārtha-saṅgraha (ed.Calc.) 7,15:“śreṣṭhe <i>‘tīte</i> nānārthe” (i.e.Nos.4 &#38; 2).-- (c) <i>vi°</i> occurs also as distributive (repetitional) prefix in reduplication compounds (here closely resembling paṭi° and the negative a°),like cuṇṇa-vicuṇṇa piecemeal,chidda-vicchidda holes upon holes,vaṭṭa-vivaṭṭa,etc.-- Contracted forms are <i>vy°</i> (=viy° before vowels) and <i>vo°</i> (=vi+ ava); the guṇa &#38; vriddhi form is <i>ve°</i>.-- II.Meanings.--1.denoting expansion,spreading out; fig.variety or detail,to be trsl<sup>d</sup> by expressions with over or about (cp.Lat.e-),as:°kampati shake about,°kāseti open out,°kirati scatter about,°kūjati sing out (=upa-nadati C),°carati move about (=ā-hiṇḍati),°churita sprinkled about,°jāyati bring forth,°tāna “spread out,” °tthāra ex-tension,de-tail,°dāleti break open,°dhammati whirl about,°dhāyaka providing,°pakirati strew all over,°pphāra pervading,°pphārika ef-fulgence,,’bhajati ex-plain,°bhatta dis-tributed,°bhāga division,distribution,°ravati shout out,°rūhana growing up,°rocati shine out,°ssajjati give out,°ssaṭṭha sent out,°ssara shouting out,°ssuta far-famed.-- 2.denoting disturbance,separation,mixing up (opp.saṁ°),as given with “away” or “down,” or the prefixes de- and dis-,e.g.°kasita burst asunder,°kubbana change,i.e.miracle (meta-morphosis),°kkaya sell (“ver-kaufen”),°kkhambhati de-stroy,°kkhāleti wash off (=ācameti),°kkhepa de-rangement,°gata dis-appeared (used as def<sup>n</sup> of vi° at ThA.80),°galita dripping down,°ggaha separation,°cinati dis-criminate,°jahati dis-miss,°desa foreign country (cp.verajjaka),°naṭṭha destroyed,°nata bending down,°nāsa de-struction,°nicchaya dis-crimination,°nodaka driving out,°pāteti to be destroyed,°ppalapati to talk confusedly,°rājeti discard as rāga,°rodha destruction,°lumpati break up,°vitta separated,°vidha mixed,°veka separation,°vāha carrying away,i.e.wedding.-- 3.denoting the reverse of the simple verb,or loss,difference,opposite,reverse,as expressed by un- or dis-,e.g.°asana mis-fortune,°kaṭika unclean,°kappa change round,°kāra per-turbation,dis-tortion,°kāla wrong time,°tatha un-truth,°dhūma smoke-less,°patti corruption,°parīta dubious,°ppaṭipanna on the wrong track,°bhava non-existence (or as 4 “more” bhava,i.e.wealth),°mati doubt,°mānana dis-respect,°yoga separation,°raja fault-less,°rata abs-taining,°rūpa un-sightly,°vaṭa unveiled,°vaṇṇeti defame,°vāda dis-pute,°sama uneven,°ssandati overflow,°ssarita for-gotten,°siṭṭha distinguished,°sesa difference,distinction.-- 4.in intensifying sense (developed fr.1 &#38; 2),mostly with terms expressing per se one or the other of shades of meanings given under 1--3; to be trsl<sup>d</sup> by “away,” out,all over,“up,” or similarly (completely),e.g.°ākula quite confused,°katta cut up,°kopeti shake up,°garahati scold intensely,°chindati cut off,°jita conquered altogether,°jjotita resplendent,°tarati come quite through,°niyoga close connection,°nivatteti turn off completely,°pariṇāma intense change,°ppamutta quite released,°ppasanna quite purified,°pphalita crumpled up,°bandhana (close) fetter,°ramati cease altogether,°sahati have sufficient strength,°sukkha dried up,°suddha very bright,°ssamati rest fully (Ger.aus-ruhen),°haññati to get slain.(Page 611) ,2,1
  14928. 471957,en,15,vibadhaka,vibādhaka,Vibādhaka,Vibādhaka,(adj.) [fr.vibādha] doing harm to (-°),injuring,preventing Dāvs II.88.(Page 629) ,9,1
  14929. 471991,en,15,vibadhati,vibādhati,Vibādhati,Vibādhati,[vi+bādhati] to oppress,harm Miln.135 (so read for °bhādati); DhsA.42.-- Pass.<i>vibādhiyati</i> to be oppressed PvA.239.(Page 629) ,9,1
  14930. 472045,en,15,vibandha,vibandha,Vibandha,Vibandha,[vi+bandha] fetter PvA.207.(Page 629) ,8,1
  14931. 472060,en,15,vibandhana,vibandhana,Vibandhana,Vibandhana,(nt.) [vi+bandhana]=vibandha ThA.243.(Page 629) ,10,1
  14932. 472082,en,15,vibbedha,vibbedha,Vibbedha,Vibbedha,[fr.vi+<em>vyadh</em> after analogy of ubbedha; not vi+bheda] circumference J.I,212.(Page 629) ,8,1
  14933. 472114,en,15,vibbhamati,vibbhamati,Vibbhamati,Vibbhamati,[vi+bhamati] to wander about,to go astray,to forsake the Order Vin.I,72; II,14; III,40 (may be taken in the sense of enjoying oneself or sporting,i.e.cohabiting,at this passage),IV.216; J.I,117; III,462 (of a bhikkhu enticed by his former wife),496.-- pp.<i>vibbhanta</i>.(Page 629) ,10,1
  14934. 472151,en,15,vibbhanta,vibbhanta,Vibbhanta,Vibbhanta,[pp.of vibbhamati] 1.roaming,straying; strayed,confused M.I,171 (padhāna° giving up exertion),247 (id.).Usually in phrase <i>°citta</i> with wandering (or confused) mind S.I,61 (see expl<sup>n</sup> of C.at K.S.I.321),204; III,93; V,269; A.I,70; II,30; III,391; It.90; J.IV,459 (+kupit’indriya); Miln.324.-- At DhsA.260 we find the cpd.<i>vibbhanti-bhāva</i> [vibbhanta in comp<sup>n</sup> with <i>bhu!</i>] of citta,in meaning “wavering,roaming” (of mind):so read for <i>vibhatti-bhāva</i>.(Page 629) ,9,1
  14935. 472169,en,15,vibbhantaka,vibbhantaka,Vibbhantaka,Vibbhantaka,(adj.) [vibbhanta+ka] 1.straying away from (-°),confused Vism.187 (jhāna°),429.-- 2.(a bhikkhu) who has forsaken the Order,apostate Vin.II,60.(Page 629) ,11,1
  14936. 472182,en,15,vibhadati,vibhādati,Vibhādati,Vibhādati,at Miln.135 should be read at <i>vibādhati</i>.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14937. 472188,en,15,vibhaga,vibhāga,Vibhāga,Vibhāga,[fr.vibhajati,cp.vibhaṅga &#38; vibhajana] distribution,division; detailing,classification J.IV,361; Vism.494; VbhA.83; ThA.100; VvA.37; PvA.122.-- attha° detailing of meaning Vism.569; <i>dhātu°</i> distribution of relics VvA.297; PvA.212; <i>pada°</i> division of words SnA 269; PvA.34.-- Cp.saṁ°.(Page 629) ,7,1
  14938. 472256,en,15,vibhajana,vibhajana,Vibhajana,Vibhajana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.vibhajati] distinction,division,going into detail Nett 5,8 sq.38 (+vivaraṇā &#38; uttāni-kammatā); Tikp 10; SnA 445 (vivaraṇa,v.uttāni-karaṇa); DhsA.343,344.Cp.<i>vibhājana</i>.(Page 629) ,9,1
  14939. 472262,en,15,vibhajana,vibhājana,Vibhājana,Vibhājana,(nt.) [vi+bhājana<sup>2</sup>] distribution,division Dhtp 92,561; Dhtm 776,787.(Page 629) ,9,1
  14940. 472312,en,15,vibhajati,vibhajati,Vibhajati,Vibhajati,[vi+bhajati,i.e.<em>bhaj</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>,as in bhājeti] (lit.) to distribute,divide; (fig.) to distinguish,dissect,divide up,classify; to deal with something in detail,to go into details M.III,223; S.II,2,255 (vibhājeti)=M.I,364 (reads virājeti); S.IV,93 (atthaṁ); V,261 (dhammaṁ vivarati vibhajati uttāni-karoti); Sn.87; Pug.41; Vbh.259; Miln.145; SnA 237; DA.I,104; PvA.81,111.ger.<i>vibhajja</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>vibhatta</i>.(Page 629) ,9,1
  14941. 472385,en,15,vibhajja,vibhajja,Vibhajja,Vibhajja,(adv.) [ger.of vibhajati] dividing,analysing,detailing; in detail (°-) D.III,229 (°vyākaraṇīya pañha “discriminating reply” trsl<sup>n</sup>); A.II,46 (°vacana analysis).-- <i>°vāda</i> the Vibhajja doctrine,i.e.the doctrine which analyses,or the “religion of logic or reason”; a term identical with <i>theravāda</i>,the doctrine of the Elders,i.e.the original teaching of the Buddhist church.<i>--°vādin</i> one who teaches the V.doctrine,Ep.of the Buddha Mhvs 5,271; Tikp 366; VbhA.130; cp.Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup> introd.p.38.(Page 629) ,8,1
  14942. 472445,en,15,vibhanga,vibhaṅga,Vibhaṅga,Vibhaṅga,[vi+bhaṅga,of <em>bhaj</em><i><sup>1</sup></i>] distribution,division,distinction,classification Vin.I,359; Sn.600 (jāti° classification of species; expl<sup>d</sup> as jāti-<i>vitthāra</i> at SnA 464); J.IV,361 (+vicaya; C.expl<sup>s</sup> as <i>vibhāga</i>); Mhvs 30,87 (dhātu° distribution of relics); SnA 422 (contrasted with <i>uddesa</i>).-- Vibhaṅga is the title of the second book of the Abhidhamma Piṭaka (see Pāli Name Dictionary).Cp.Sutta-vibhaṅga.(Page 629) ,8,1
  14943. 472512,en,15,vibhasita,vibhāsita,Vibhāsita,Vibhāsita,[pp.Caus.of vi+bhāsati<sup>2</sup>] illuminated,made bright,shining forth Sdhp.591.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14944. 472517,en,15,vibhassikata,vibhassikata,Vibhassikata,Vibhassikata,(nt.) [vi+bhassa+kata] gossip,lit.“made into talk” Vin.IV,241.(Page 629) ,12,1
  14945. 472526,en,15,vibhata,vibhāta,Vibhāta,Vibhāta,[pp.of vibhāti] shining,turned to light,bright; in phrase <i>vibhātāya rattiyā</i> when night had become light,i.e.at daybreak or dawn (DhA.IV,105; PvA.13,22).-- (nt.) daybreak,dawn DhA.II,5 (°khaṇe).(Page 630) ,7,1
  14946. 472542,en,15,vibhati,vibhāti,Vibhāti,Vibhāti,[vi+bhāti] to shine forth,to be or become light (said of the night turning into day); pres.also <i>vibhāyati</i> Vin.I,78; fut.<i>vibhāyissati</i> D.II,148; aor.<i>vibhāyi</i> J.V,354.-- pp.<i>vibhāta</i>.(Page 630) ,7,1
  14947. 472554,en,15,vibhatta,vibhatta,Vibhatta,Vibhatta,(adj.) [pp.of vibhajati] 1.(lit.) divided,distributed; parted,partitioned,having divisions,portioned off Sn.300; Pv.I,10<sup>13</sup> (of niraya); J.V,266 (id.); Miln.316 (a° samudda).-- su° well divided,well planned,proportioned,regular Sn.305; Pv III,2<sup>21</sup>; Miln.330,345; Vism.108.-- 2.(fig.) detailed,explained,analysed Vism.187; SnA 288; PvA.104.(Page 629) ,8,1
  14948. 472597,en,15,vibhattavant,vibhattavant,Vibhattavant,Vibhattavant,(adj.) [fr.vibhatta] full of details,giving all detail Vism.212; DA.I,34.(Page 629) ,12,1
  14949. 472613,en,15,vibhatti,vibhatti,Vibhatti,Vibhatti,(f.) [fr.vibhajati] 1.division,distinction,classification,detail,variety J.VI,432 (of paintings); Nett 1 sq.105; Miln.102,381; Vism.352 (contrasted with saṅkhepa); PvA.199,282 (rūpa° various forms,patterns).-- 2.(t.t.g.) inflection of nouns &#38; verbs,declensions,conjugation SnA 397; VvA.78,199.<i>--°lopa</i> omission of inflection VvA.174,192; PvA.147.-- Note.<i>vibhattibhāva</i> at DhsA.260 is to be read as <i>vibbhanti°</i> (see under vibbhanta).(Page 629) ,8,1
  14950. 472651,en,15,vibhattika,vibhattika,Vibhattika,Vibhattika,(adj.) [fr.vibhatti] having divisions; (fig.) detailed.Neg.<i>a°</i> not giving details VvA.164.(Page 629) ,10,1
  14951. 472716,en,15,vibhava,vibhava,Vibhava,Vibhava,[vi+bhava] 1.power,wealth,prosperity DA.I,147; J.I,56; V,285; Mhvs 26,6; DhA.I,6; II,9,84; IV,7; VvA.5,302 (°sampanna rich); PvA.122,130,176,196.Great wealth is expressed by <i>asīti-koṭi-vibhava</i>,consisting in 80 koṭis,e.g.DhA.I,367; II,25.-- <i>bahu°</i> very rich J.I,145; <i>mahā°</i> id.PvA.97,107.-- <i>yathā vibhavaṁ</i> according to one’s means or power PvA.54; <i>vibhav’ânurūpaṁ</i> id.VvA.254.-- 2.non-existence,cessation of life,annihilation D.I,34; Sn.514 (+bhava),867 (id.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 274,282; J.III,402 (°ṁ gata=vināsaṁ patta C.); V,267 (id.); DhsA.392; DA.I,120; VbhA.505 (=bhava-vigama).See also <i>taṇhā</i> B 1.<br><br> <i>--taṇhā</i> “craving for life to end” (Dial.III,208),desire for non-existence D III,216,275; Vin.I,10; Ud.33; It.50; VbhA.111.<i>--diṭṭhi</i> the theory of non-becoming D.III,212; A.I,83; Nd<sup>1</sup> 245,274.(Page 629) ,7,1
  14952. 472763,en,15,vibhavana,vibhāvana,Vibhāvana,Vibhāvana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.vibhāveti] 1.making clear,ascertainment,explanation,exposition J.III,389; Vbh.342,343 (ā); SnA.13,261 sq.318; VbhA.409 (ā); ThA.76 (ā),230; PvA.137,140 (so read for vibhavanā in attha°).-- 2.annihilation,disappearance,making non-existing (cp.vibhava 2) DhsA.163 (vibhāvanā nāma antara-dhāpanā ti attho).(Page 630) ,9,1
  14953. 472792,en,15,vibhavaniya,vibhāvaniya,Vibhāvaniya,Vibhāvaniya,(adj.) [fr.vibhāvana] pertaining to ascertainment,making clear,explaining PvA.244 (paramattha°).(Page 630) ,11,1
  14954. 472837,en,15,vibhavati,vibhavati,Vibhavati,Vibhavati,[vi+bhavati] to cease to exist S.III,56 (fut.°issati); Sn.873 (vibhoti); Nd<sup>1</sup> 279 (id.).-- pp.<i>vibhūta</i>.(Page 629) ,9,1
  14955. 472885,en,15,vibhaveti,vibhāveti,Vibhāveti,Vibhāveti,[vi+bhāveti] 1.to understand clearly (lit.“to produce intensively or well”) Sn.318 (ger.a-vibhāvayitvā).-- 2.to make clear,to explain KhA 89; SnA 406,472; PvA.1,70,92,135.-- 3.to put out of existence,to annihilate [as Caus.of vibhava 2] DhsA.163.‹-› pp.<i>vibhāvita</i>.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14956. 472913,en,15,vibhavin,vibhāvin,Vibhāvin,Vibhāvin,(adj.) [fr.vibhāveti] intelligent,wise Sn.317; J.VI,304; Nd<sup>2</sup> 259 (=medhāvin); Miln.21,276,346; Sdhp.382.(Page 630) ,8,1
  14957. 472922,en,15,vibhavita,vibhāvita,Vibhāvita,Vibhāvita,[pp.of vibhāveti] made non-existing,annihilated Nd<sup>2</sup> 584.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14958. 472953,en,15,vibhayana,vibhāyana,Vibhāyana,Vibhāyana,(nt.) [fr.vibhāti] shining forth,brightening VvA.148.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14959. 472970,en,15,vibhedaka,vibhedaka,Vibhedaka,Vibhedaka,[vi+bhedaka] one who disturbs friendship,a slanderer J.III,260.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14960. 472974,en,15,vibhedeti,vibhedeti,Vibhedeti,Vibhedeti,[vi+bhedeti] to cause disruption,to slander A.V,345 sq.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14961. 472977,en,15,vibhedika,vibhedika,Vibhedika,Vibhedika,(f.) [fr.vi+<em>bhid</em>] the palmyra tree J.VI,529.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14962. 472988,en,15,vibheti,vibheti,Vibheti,Vibheti,[vi+bhāyati] to be afraid,to stand in awe of J.V,509 (=bhāyati C.).Should we read <i>bibheti</i>? (Page 630) ,7,1
  14963. 473024,en,15,vibhinna,vibhinna,Vibhinna,Vibhinna,(adj.) [vi+bhinna] scattered; divided,at variance Sn.314 (=aññam-aññaṁ bhinna SnA 324).(Page 630) ,8,1
  14964. 473046,en,15,vibhitaka,vibhītaka,Vibhītaka,Vibhītaka,( &#38; °ṭaka) [cp.*Sk.vibhīta &#38; <i>°ka</i>] the plant Terminalia belerica; beleric myrobolan.Dice were made from its fruits,which are also used as medicine (intoxicant); its flowers smell vilely.-- Vin.I,201; J.III,161; V,363; VI,529.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14965. 473086,en,15,vibhusa,vibhūsā,Vibhūsā,Vibhūsā,(f.) [vi+bhūsā] ornament,decoration,distinction,pride Sn.926; Nd<sup>1</sup> 380; Nd<sup>2</sup> 585; Miln.224 (Rh.D.trsl<sup>s</sup> “dexterity,” hardly correct.Should we read “vibhūti”?).(Page 630) ,7,1
  14966. 473101,en,15,vibhusana,vibhūsana,Vibhūsana,Vibhūsana,(nt.) [vi+bhūsana] adornment A.I,212; II,40,145,209; Sn.59 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 585); Pug.21,58; J.I,8; Dhs.1348; Miln.382.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14967. 473142,en,15,vibhuseti,vibhūseti,Vibhūseti,Vibhūseti,[vi+bhūseti] to adorn,embellish,beautify Th.2,411; Mhvs 19,25; DhA.I,77.-- pp.<i>vibhūsita</i>.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14968. 473153,en,15,vibhusita,vibhūsita,Vibhūsita,Vibhūsita,[pp.of vibhūseti] adorned,decorated Mhvs 25,102; Vism.10; PvA.46,157.(Page 630) ,9,1
  14969. 473172,en,15,vibhuta,vibhūta,Vibhūta,Vibhūta,(adj.) [pp.of vibhavati,or vi+bhūta] 1.[cp.bhūta 1, &#38; vibhava 2] destroyed,annihilated,being without Th.1,715; Sn.871 sq.1113 (=vibhāvita atikkanta vītivatta Nd<sup>2</sup> 584).-- 2.[cp.bhūta 3] false Sn.664.-- 3.[cp.vibhāveti 2] clear,distinct A.V,325; Miln.311; Abdhs 16 (a° unclear); Vism.112 ( &#38; a°).<i>--°ṁ karoti</i> to explain Miln.308.(Page 630) ,7,1
  14970. 473234,en,15,vibhuti,vibhūti,Vibhūti,Vibhūti,(f.) [fr.vi+bhavati] 1.[cp.vibhūta 2] destruction,ruin Th.1,1018 (°nandin=malign).-- 2.[cp.vibhava 1] splendour,majesty,glory J.V,305; PvA.133 (dāna°),216 (rāja°).(Page 630) ,7,1
  14971. 473273,en,15,vicakka,vicakka,Vicakka,Vicakka,(adj.) [vi+cakka] without wheels J.I,378 (sakaṭa).Doubtful in phrase <i>asani°</i>,where used as a noun,probably in diff.meaning altogether (=asani-pāta?):see S.II,229 (=“falling of a thunderbolt” K.S.II.155); D.III,44,47.(Page 615) ,7,1
  14972. 473285,en,15,vicakkhana,vicakkhaṇa,Vicakkhaṇa,Vicakkhaṇa,(adj.-nt.) [vi+cakkhaṇa,of <em>cakṣ</em> to see,attentive,watchful,sensible,skilful; (nt.) application,attention,wit S.I,214=Sn.186 (appamatta+; trsl<sup>n</sup> K.S.I.277 “discerning wit”); Sn.583; J.IV,58; VI,286; Miln.216; Vism.43; SnA 238; Sdhp.200,293.(Page 615) ,10,1
  14973. 473292,en,15,vicakkhu,vicakkhu,Vicakkhu,Vicakkhu,(adj.) [vi+cakkhu] eyeless,blind,in phrase <i>°kamma</i> making blind or perplexed S.I,111,118 (“darkening their intelligence” trsl<sup>n</sup>) [cp.BSk.vicakṣu-karma MVastu III,416; Lal V,490].(Page 615) ,8,1
  14974. 473298,en,15,vicakkhuka,vicakkhuka,Vicakkhuka,Vicakkhuka,(adj.) [vicakkhu+ka] not seeing,blinded,dulled in sight,half-blind Miln.295 (Rh.D.“squinting”).(Page 615) ,10,1
  14975. 473315,en,15,vicaliya,vicāliya,Vicāliya,Vicāliya,(adj.) [grd.of vi+cāleti] in neg.<i>a°</i> not to be shaken,not wavering Sdhp.444.(Page 615) ,8,1
  14976. 473327,en,15,vicara,vicāra,Vicāra,Vicāra,[vi+cāra] investigation,examination,consideration,deliberation.-- Def<sup>d</sup> as “vicaraṇaṁ vicāro,anusañcaraṇan ti vuttaṁ hoti” Vism.142 (see in def.under vitakka).-- Hardly ever by itself (as at Th.1,1117 mano°),usually in close connection or direct comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>vitakka</i> (q.v.).(Page 615) ,6,1
  14977. 473342,en,15,vicaraka,vicāraka,Vicāraka,Vicāraka,(adj.) [fr.vicāreti] 1.looking after something; watching J.I,364 (ghara°).-- 2.investigating; (n.) a judge Mhvs 35,18.(Page 615) ,8,1
  14978. 473375,en,15,vicarana,vicaraṇa,Vicaraṇa,Vicaraṇa,(adj.-nt.) [fr.vicarati] going about,circulating,moving,travelling J.V,484 (°bhaṇḍa travelling merchandise).(Page 615) ,8,1
  14979. 473387,en,15,vicarana,vicāraṇā,Vicāraṇā,Vicāraṇā,(f.) &#38; <i>a°</i> (nt.) [fr.vicāreti] 1.investigation,search,attention Sn.1108,1109 (f. &#38; nt.); J.III,73 (°paññā).-- 2.arranging,planning,looking after; scheme J.I,220; II,404 (yuddha°); VI,333 sq.(Page 615) ,8,1
  14980. 473516,en,15,vicarati,vicarati,Vicarati,Vicarati,[vi+carati] to go or move about in (Loc.),to walk (a road=Acc.),to wander Sn.444 (raṭṭhā raṭṭhaṁ vicarissaṁ,fut.),696 (dhamma-maggaṁ); Nd<sup>1</sup> 201,263; Pv III,7<sup>3</sup> (aor.vicari); DhA.I,66; PvA.4,22,33,69,120,185 (=āhiṇḍati); Sdhp.133.-- In Sn.often with loke (in this world),e.g.Sn.466,501,845,846,864.‹-› Caus.<i>vicāreti;</i> pp.<i>vicarita</i>,vicārita &#38; viciṇṇa.Cp.anu°.(Page 615) ,8,1
  14981. 473588,en,15,vicareti,vicāreti,Vicāreti,Vicāreti,[Caus.of vicarati] 1.to make go round,to pass round,to distribute PvA.272 (salākaṁ).-- 2.to think (over) S.V,156 (vitakketi+).-- 3.to investigate,examine,test J.II,413; III,258; VvA.336 (a° to omit examining).-- 4.to plan,consider,construct J.II,404; VI,333.-- 5.to go about (some business),to look after,administer,provide J.II,287; III,378; Mhvs 35,19 (rajjaṁ); PvA.93 (kammante).-- pp.<i>vicārita </i>&<i> viciṇṇa</i>.(Page 615) ,8,1
  14982. 473630,en,15,vicarita,vicarita,Vicarita,Vicarita,[pp.of vicarati] occupied by (-°),haunted,frequented VvA.163.(Page 615) ,8,1
  14983. 473638,en,15,vicarita,vicārita,Vicārita,Vicārita,[pp.of vicāreti] thought out,considered; thought D.I,37 (vitakkita+,like <i>vitakka-</i>vicāra,cp.DA.I,122),213 (id.); SnA 385.(Page 615) ,8,1
  14984. 473687,en,15,vicaya,vicaya,Vicaya,Vicaya,[fr.vi+<em>ci</em><i>:</i> see vicinati] search,investigation,examination S.III,96 (vicayaso,i.e.thoroughly); Pug.25; Miln.340 (dhamma°); Nett 1,2,10; DhsA.147; Sdhp.466.For dhamma° see <i>sambojjhaṅga</i>.(Page 615) ,6,1
  14985. 473744,en,15,vicchadana,vicchādanā,Vicchādanā,Vicchādanā,(f.) [vi+chādanā] concealment Pug.19,23.(Page 616) ,10,1
  14986. 473751,en,15,vicchaddeti,vicchaḍḍeti,Vicchaḍḍeti,Vicchaḍḍeti,[vi+chaḍḍeti] to throw out,to vomit; in late (Sanskritic) Pāli at Sdhp.121 (pp.vicchaḍḍita) and 136 (nt.vicchaḍḍana throwing out).(Page 616) ,11,1
  14987. 473762,en,15,vicchandanika,vicchandanika,Vicchandanika,Vicchandanika,( &#38; °ya) (adj.) [vi+chanda+na+ika] fit to disinterest,“disengrossing,” in <i>°kathā</i> sermon to rid of the desire for the body Vin.III,271 (Sam.Pās.on Pār.III,3,1); &#38; <i>°sutta</i> the Suttanta having disillusionment for its subject (another name given by Bdhgh to the Vijayasutta Sn.193--206) SnA 241 sq.(°ya).Cp.<i>vicchindati</i>.(Page 616) ,13,1
  14988. 473788,en,15,viccheda,viccheda,Viccheda,Viccheda,[vi+cheda] cutting off,destruction J.IV,284 (santati°).a° uninterruptedness VvA.16.(Page 616) ,8,1
  14989. 473823,en,15,vicchidda,vicchidda,Vicchidda,Vicchidda,(adj.) [vi+chidda] only in (redupl.) combin.chidda° full of little holes,perforated all over J.I,419.(Page 616) ,9,1
  14990. 473831,en,15,vicchiddaka,vicchiddaka,Vicchiddaka,Vicchiddaka,[vi+chidda+ka] “having holes all over,” referring to one of the asubha-kammaṭṭhānas,obtained by the contemplation of a corpse fissured from decay A.II,17 (°saññā); V,106,310; Miln.332; Vism.110,178,194.(Page 616) ,11,1
  14991. 473854,en,15,vicchika,vicchika,Vicchika,Vicchika,[cp.Vedic vṛścīka:Zimmer,Altind.Leben 98] a scorpion D.I,9 (°vijjā scorpion craft); Vin.II,110; A.II,73; III,101,306; IV,320; V,289 sq.; J.II,146; Miln.272,394; Vism.235; DA.I,93.(Page 616) ,8,1
  14992. 473879,en,15,vicchinda,vicchinda,Vicchinda,Vicchinda,[fr.vi+chind as in vicchindati] breaking off,cutting off J.II,436,438 (kāya°).Kern,Toev.s.v.considers it as a corruption of vicchanda.See vicchandanika.(Page 616) ,9,1
  14993. 473912,en,15,vicchindati,vicchindati,Vicchindati,Vicchindati,[vi+chindati] to cut off,to interrupt,to prevent PvA.129 (°itu-kāma).The BSk.form is vicchandayati [=vi+denom.of chando] e.g.Divy 10,11,383,590.-- pp.vicchinna.(Page 616) ,11,1
  14994. 473939,en,15,vicchinna,vicchinna,Vicchinna,Vicchinna,[pp.of vicchindati] cut off,destroyed Sdhp.34,117,370,585.(Page 616) ,9,1
  14995. 473951,en,15,vicchita,vicchita,Vicchita,Vicchita,in phrase balavicchita-kārin at Miln.110 is to be read balav’icchita-kārin “a man strong to do what he likes,” i.e.a man of influence.(Page 616) ,8,1
  14996. 473956,en,15,vicchurita,vicchurita,Vicchurita,Vicchurita,[vi+churita] besprinkled,sprinkled about VvA.4,280 (=ullitta).(Page 616) ,10,1
  14997. 473963,en,15,viccuta,viccuta,Viccuta,Viccuta,[vi+cuta] fallen down J.V,403 (expl<sup>d</sup> as viyutta C.); Dh.I,140.(Page 616) ,7,1
  14998. 474007,en,15,vici,vīci,Vīci,Vīci,(m. &#38; f.) [cp.late Sk.vīci wave; Vedic vīci only in meaning “deceit”; perhaps connected with Lat.vicis,Ags.wīce=E.week,lit.“change,” cp.tide] 1.a wave J.I,509; Miln.117 (jala°),319 (°puppha wave-flower,fig.); Vism.63 (samudda°); Dāvs.IV,46; DhsA.116= Vism.143.-- 2.interval,period of time (cp.“tide”= time interval) J.V,271 (°antara,in <i>Avīci</i> definition as “uninterrupted state of suffering”).In contrast pair <i>avīci</i> (adj.) uninterrupted,without an interval, &#38; <i>savīci</i> with periods,in def<sup>n</sup> of <i>jarā</i> at VbhA.99 &#38; DhsA.328,where <i>avīci</i> means “not changing quickly,” and <i>savīci</i> “changing quickly.” Also in def<sup>n</sup> of <i>sadā</i> (continuously) as “avīci-santati” at Nd<sup>2</sup> 631.Cp.avīci.(Page 643) ,4,1
  14999. 474020,en,15,vicikiccha,vicikicchā,Vicikicchā,Vicikicchā,(f.) [fr.vicikicchati] doubt,perplexity,uncertainty (one of the nīvaraṇas) D.I,246; III,49,216,234,269; S.I,99; III,106 sq.(dhammesu v.doubt about the precepts); IV,350; A.III,292,438; IV,68,144 sq.; V,144; Sn.343,437,540; Vv 81 (=soḷasa-vatthuka-vicikicchā VvA.317); J.II,266; Pug.59; Vbh.168,341,364; Dhs.425; Nett 11; Tikp 108,122,152 sq.171,255,275; Dukp 170 sq.265 sq.289 sq.; Vism.471 (=vigatā cikicchā ti v.etc.),599 sq.; VbhA.209; VvA.156; MA 116; Sdhp.459.-- As adj.(-°) <i>vicikiccha</i>,e.g.<i>tiṇṇa°</i> one who has overcome all doubt D.I,71,110; M.I,18; A.II,211; III,92; 297 sq.; IV,186; 210.-- See also Cpd.242; Dhs.trsl.§ 425 n.1; and cp.kathaṅkathā,kicchati,vecikicchin.(Page 615) ,10,1
  15000. 474125,en,15,vicikicchati,vicikicchati,Vicikicchati,Vicikicchati,[vi+cikicchati] lit.“dis-reflect,” to be distracted in thought,i.e.to doubt,hesitate D.I,106; S.II,17,50,54; III,122,135; J.IV,272 (2 sg.vicikicchase); SnA 451; DA.I,275; -- pp.<i>vicikicchita</i>.(Page 615) ,12,1
  15001. 474164,en,15,vicikicchin,vicikicchin,Vicikicchin,Vicikicchin,see <i>ve°</i>.(Page 616) ,11,1
  15002. 474167,en,15,vicikicchita,vicikicchita,Vicikicchita,Vicikicchita,(nt.) [pp.of vicikicchati] doubt Pv IV.1<sup>37</sup>.(Page 616) ,12,1
  15003. 474196,en,15,vicinana,vicinana,Vicinana,Vicinana,(nt.) [fr.vicinati] discrimination Vism.162.(Page 616) ,8,1
  15004. 474221,en,15,vicinati,vicinati,Vicinati,Vicinati,(°cināti) [vi+cināti] 1.to investigate,examine,discriminate S.I,34 (yoniso vicine dhammaṁ); A.IV,3 sq.(id.); Sn.658,933; Ap 42; J.VI,373; Nd<sup>1</sup> 398; Nett 10,22 (grd.vicetabba),25 sq.; Miln.298; Dpvs.IV,2; DhsA.147; PvA.140; Sdhp.344.-- ger.<i>viceyya</i> discriminating; with discrimination D.II,21 (doubled:with careful discrim<sup>n</sup>); III,167 (°pekkhitar); Sn.524 sq.; usually in phrase <i>viceyya-dāna</i> a gift given with discrimination S.I,21; A.IV,244; J.IV,361; V,395; Pv.II,9<sup>72</sup>; DhA.III,221; Mhvs 5,35.-- 2.to look for,to seek,to linger,to choose Pv III,6<sup>4</sup> (aor.vicini=gavesi C.); IV,1<sup>42</sup> (ger.viceyya=vicinitvā PvA.240); J.I,419.-- See also <i>pacinati</i>.(Page 616) ,8,1
  15005. 474272,en,15,vicinna,viciṇṇa,Viciṇṇa,Viciṇṇa,[pp.of vicāreti] thought out; in neg.<i>a°</i> not thought out; reading however doubtful,better to be taken as adhiciṇṇa,i.e.procedure,method D.I,8= M.II,3=S.III,12 (vi° as v.l.).-- DA.I,91 reads <i>āciṇṇa</i> (cp.M.I,372).(Page 616) ,7,1
  15006. 474307,en,15,vicinteti,vicinteti,Vicinteti,Vicinteti,[vi+cinteti] to think,consider Sn.1023; Mhvs 4,28 (vicintiya,ger.); 17,38.(Page 616) ,9,1
  15007. 474331,en,15,vicita,vicita,Vicita,Vicita,[pp.of vi+<em>ci</em> to gather] in phrase <i>°kāḷaka bhatta</i> rice from which the black grains have been separated D.I,105; M.II,8; DA.I,274; as <i>vicita-bhatta</i> in same sense at J.IV,371.(Page 616) ,6,1
  15008. 474456,en,15,vicitta,vicitta,Vicitta,Vicitta,( &#38; °citra) (adj.) [vi+citta<sup>1</sup>] various,variegated,coloured,ornamented,etc.J.I,18,83; Pv.II,1<sup>9</sup>; Vv 64<sup>10</sup> (citra); Miln.338,349; VvA.2,77; Sdhp.92,245.-- <i>vicitra-kathika</i> eloquent Miln.196.(Page 616) ,7,1
  15009. 474623,en,15,vicunna,vicuṇṇa,Vicuṇṇa,Vicuṇṇa,[vi+cuṇṇa] crushed up,only in redupl.-iter.formation <i>cuṇṇa-vicuṇṇa</i> crushed to bits,piecemeal J.I,26; III,438 etc.See under <i>cuṇṇa</i>.(Page 616) ,7,1
  15010. 474647,en,15,vicunnita,vicuṇṇita,Vicuṇṇita,Vicuṇṇita,[pp.of vi+cuṇṇeti] crushed up J.I,203 (viddhasta+).(Page 616) ,9,1
  15011. 474669,en,15,vidaddha,vidaḍḍha,Vidaḍḍha,Vidaḍḍha,[vi+daḍḍha] in redupl.-iter.cpd.daḍḍhavidaḍḍha-gatta “with limbs all on fire” Miln.303.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15012. 474708,en,15,vidahati,vidahati,Vidahati,Vidahati,[vi+dahati; <em>dhā</em>] to arrange,appoint,assign; to provide; to practise.-- Pres.<i>vidahati:</i> see saṁ°; <i>vidadhāti</i> J.VI,537; <i>vidheti</i> J.V,107.Pot.<i>vidahe</i> Sn.927 (=vidaheyya Nd<sup>1</sup> 382); aor.<i>vidahi</i> J.V,347.‹-› Perf.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>vidadhu</i> [Sk.vidadhuḥ] J.VI,284.‹-› inf.<i>vidhātuṁ</i> Vin.I,303 (bhesajjaṁ); ger.<i>vidhāya</i> Mhvs 26,12 (ārakkhaṁ,posting a guard).-- grd.<i>vidheyya</i> in meaning “obedient,” tractable J.VI,291.-- pp.<i>vihita</i>.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15013. 474746,en,15,vidalana,vidālana,Vidālana,Vidālana,(nt.) [fr.vidāleti] breaking open,bursting,splitting Miln.1.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15014. 474759,en,15,vidaleti,vidāleti,Vidāleti,Vidāleti,[vi+dāleti; see dalati] to break open,split,burst Th.1,184; PvA.135,185.-- pp.vidālita.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15015. 474771,en,15,vidalita,vidālita,Vidālita,Vidālita,[pp.of vidāleti] split,broken,burst J.I,493; PvA.220.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15016. 474778,en,15,vidamsaka,vidaṁsaka,Vidaṁsaka,Vidaṁsaka,(ad.) [fr.vidaṁseti] showing; <i>danta°</i> showing one’s teeth (referring to laughter) A.I,261; J.III,222.(Page 621) ,9,1
  15017. 474800,en,15,vidanseti,vidanseti,Vidanseti,Vidanseti,[vi+daṁseti=dasseti] to make appear,to show A.I,261; Th.2,74; J.V,196; Miln.39.Cp.pa°.(Page 621) ,9,1
  15018. 474810,en,15,vidarana,vidāraṇa,Vidāraṇa,Vidāraṇa,(nt.) [fr.vidāreti] splitting,rending Dhtp 247 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of <em>dar</em>),381 (do of <em>bhid</em>).(Page 621) ,8,1
  15019. 474828,en,15,vidareti,vidāreti,Vidāreti,Vidāreti,[vi+dāreti:see under darī] to split,rend J.I,340.-- pp.<i>vidārita</i>.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15020. 474835,en,15,vidarita,vidārita,Vidārita,Vidārita,[pp.of vidāreti] split,rent Sdhp.381.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15021. 474853,en,15,vidatthi,vidatthi,Vidatthi,Vidatthi,(f.) [cp.Vedic vitasti; see Geiger,P.Gr.38<sup>3</sup>] a span (of 12 aṅgulas or finger-breadths) Vin.III,149 (dīghaso dvādasa vidatthiyo sugata-vidatthiyā); IV,279; J.I,337; III,318; Miln.85; Vism.65,124,171,175,408; DhA.III,172; IV,220; VbhA.343 (dvādas’ aṅgulāni vidatthi; dve vidatthiyo ratanaṁ,etc.).(Page 621) ,8,1
  15022. 474903,en,15,viddasu,viddasu,Viddasu,Viddasu,(adj.) [another form of <i>vidvā</i>=Sk.vidvān:see under vindati] skilled,wise M.I,65 (Gen.sg. &#38; Nom.pl.viddasuno),310 (id.).Usually in neg.form <i>aviddasu</i> foolish Vin.II,296=A.II,56 (pl.aviddasū); S.V,1; Th.2,164 (pl.aviddasū); Sn.762 (=bāla C.); Dh.268=Nd<sup>2</sup> 514 (=aviññū DhA.III,395); PvA.18.(Page 622) ,7,1
  15023. 474915,en,15,viddesa,viddesa,Viddesa,Viddesa,[fr.vi+disa] enmity,hatred J.III,353; ThA.268.(Page 622) ,7,1
  15024. 474921,en,15,viddesana,viddesanā,Viddesanā,Viddesanā,(f.) [abstr.formation fr.viddesa,cp.disatā<sup>2</sup>] enmity Th.2,446; J.III,353.(Page 622) ,9,1
  15025. 474932,en,15,viddesin,viddesin,Viddesin,Viddesin,(adj.-n.) [vi+desin; see dessin] hating; an enemy Th.1,547.(Page 622) ,8,1
  15026. 474940,en,15,viddessati,viddessati,Viddessati,Viddessati,[vi+dessati] to hate Th.2,418.-- grd.<i>viddesanīya</i> to be hated,hateful Sdhp.82.(Page 622) ,10,1
  15027. 474950,en,15,viddha,viddha,Viddha,Viddha,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [cp.*Sk.vīdhra clear sky] clear; only in phrase <i>viddha vigata-valāhaka deva</i> a clear sky without a cloud Vin.I,3; M.I,317=S.I,65=III,156=V.44=It.20.(Page 622) ,6,1
  15028. 474951,en,15,viddha,viddha,Viddha,Viddha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of vijjhati] pierced,perforated; hit,struck,hurt Sn.331; Nd<sup>1</sup> 414 (sallena); Miln.251 (eaten through by worms); Sdhp.201 (kaṇṭakena).(Page 622) ,6,1
  15029. 474961,en,15,viddha,viddhā,Viddhā,Viddhā,poet.ger.of <i>vijjhati</i> J.VI,77.(Page 622) ,6,1
  15030. 474978,en,15,viddhamsa,viddhaṁsa,Viddhaṁsa,Viddhaṁsa,[fr.vidhaṁsati] demolition,destruction J.IV,58 (°kārin).(Page 622) ,9,1
  15031. 474991,en,15,viddhamsaka,viddhaṁsaka,Viddhaṁsaka,Viddhaṁsaka,(adj.) [fr.viddhaṁsana] destroying DhsA.165.(Page 622) ,11,1
  15032. 475003,en,15,viddhamsana,viddhaṁsana,Viddhaṁsana,Viddhaṁsana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.viddhaṁseti; cp.BSk.vidhvaṁsana Divy 180] shattering,destruction (trs. &#38; intrs.),undoing,making disappear; adj.destroying S.IV,83; Miln.351 (kosajja°); J.I,322; V,267 (adj.); Vism.85 (vikkhepa+); VvA.58,161 (adj.).-- Often in phrase (denoting complete destruction):anicc-ucchādana-parimaddana-bhedana-viddhaṁsana-dhamma,e.g.D.I,76; M.I,500; A.IV,386; J.I,146 [cp.Divy 180:śatanapatana-vikiraṇa-vidhvaṁsana-dharmatā; see also under vikiraṇa].(Page 622) ,11,1
  15033. 475017,en,15,viddhamsanata,viddhaṁsanatā,Viddhaṁsanatā,Viddhaṁsanatā,(f.) [abstr.formation fr.viddhaṁsana] quality of destruction,ability to destroy Vism.8.(Page 622) ,13,1
  15034. 475033,en,15,viddhamsati,viddhaṁsati,Viddhaṁsati,Viddhaṁsati,[vi+dhaṁsati] to fall down,to be shattered,to be ruined Miln.237; PvA.125 (Pot.°eyya).--Caus.<i>viddhaṁseti</i> to shatter,to destroy S.III,190 (both trs. &#38; intrs.the latter for °ati); J.II,298; III,431; V,100; DA.I,265; Nd<sup>1</sup> 5 (vikirati vidhameti viddhaṁseti:see also under vikirati).-- pp.<i>viddhasta </i>&<i> viddhaṁsita</i>.‹-› Pass.<i>viddhaṁsīyati</i> to drop or to be destroyed,to come to ruin DA.I,18=DhsA.19 (suttena saṅgahitāni pupphāni na vikirīyanti na v.).(Page 622) ,11,1
  15035. 475101,en,15,viddhamsita,viddhaṁsita,Viddhaṁsita,Viddhaṁsita,[pp.of viddhaṁseti] shattered,destroyed DhA.III,129.(Page 622) ,11,1
  15036. 475143,en,15,viddhasta,viddhasta,Viddhasta,Viddhasta,[pp.of viddhaṁsati] fallen to pieces,broken,destroyed M.I,227; A.II,50; Sn.542; J.I,203; V,69,401; Vv 63<sup>14</sup> (=vinaṭṭha VvA.265).(Page 622) ,9,1
  15037. 475218,en,15,videsa,videsa,Videsa,Videsa,[vi+desa; cp.disā at Vin.I,50] foreign country Miln.326; VvA.338.(Page 622) ,6,1
  15038. 475261,en,15,vidha,vidha,Vidha,Vidha,<sup>2</sup> [=vidha<sup>1</sup> as noun] form,kind Th.1,428 (māna°).-- There are several other meanings of <i>vidha</i>,which are,however,uncertain &#38; rest on doubtful readings.Thus it occurs at Vin.II,136 in meaning of “buckle” (v.l.pīṭha; C.silent); at Vin.IV,168 in meaning “little box” (?); at DA.I,269 as “carrying pole” (=kāca<sup>2</sup>,but text D.I,101 has “vividha”).(Page 622) ,5,1
  15039. 475262,en,15,vidha,vidha,Vidha,Vidha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.(-°) [=vidhā] of a kind,consisting of,--fold,e.g.<i>aneka°</i> manifold DA.I,103; <i>tathā°</i> of such-kind,such-like Sn.772; <i>ti°</i> threefold D.I,134; Sn.509; <i>nānā°</i> various PvA.53,96,113; <i>bahu°</i> manifold ThA.197; etc.(Page 622) ,5,1
  15040. 475273,en,15,vidha,vidhā,Vidhā,Vidhā,(f.) [cp.Sk.vidhā] 1.mode,manner,sort,kind; proportion,form,variety D.III,103 (ādesana°); Th.2,395 (cakkhu° “shape of an eye” trsl<sup>n</sup>); VbhA.496 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of kathaṁ-vidha:“ākāra-saṇṭhānaṁ vidhā nāma”); DA.I,222 (iddhi°),294 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of tividha-yañña:“ettha vidhā vuccati ṭhapanā” i.e.performance,arrangement),299 (similarly <i>tisso vidhā</i>=tīṇi ṭhapanāni; of yañña).-- Used as (Abl.) adv.<i>vidhā</i> in meaning “variously” at Pv.II,9<sup>52</sup> (C.expl<sup>n</sup>=vidhātabba,not quite correctly; PvA.135).Perhaps the phrase <i>vidhāsamatikkanta</i> is to be explained in this way,viz.“excelling in a variety of ways,higher than a variety (of things)” or perhaps better:“going beyond all distinctions” (i.e.of personality); free from prejudice [i.e.No.2] S.II,253; III,80,136,170; A.IV,53.‹-› 2.(ethically) in special sense:a distinctive feature (of a person as diff.from others),a “mode” of pride or delusion,a “form” of conceit.As such specified as three kinds of conceit (<i>tisso vidhā</i>),viz.“seyyo ‘ham asmi,” “sadiso ‘ham asmi,” &#38; “hīno ‘ham asmi” (i.e.I am better than somebody else,equal to, &#38; worse than somebody else).See e.g.D.III,216; S.I,12; III,48,80,127; V,56,98; Nd<sup>1</sup> 195; Vbh.367; Sn.842; VbhA.496 (māno va vidhā nāma).-- The adj.form is <i>vidha:</i> see sep.(Page 622) ,5,1
  15041. 475287,en,15,vidhamaka,vidhamaka,Vidhamaka,Vidhamaka,(adj.) [fr.vidhamati] one who throws away or does away with; destroying,clearing away Miln.344 (kilesa-mala-duggandha°).(Page 622) ,9,1
  15042. 475298,en,15,vidhamana,vidhamana,Vidhamana,Vidhamana,(nt.) [fr.vidhamati] destroying,scattering,dispersing Miln.244 (Maccu-sena°).(Page 622) ,9,1
  15043. 475322,en,15,vidhamati,vidhamati,Vidhamati,Vidhamati, &#38; <i>Vidhameti</i> [vi+<i>dhamā</i> in particular meaning of blowing i.e.driving asunder,cp.dhamati] (trs.) to destroy,ruin; do away with,scatter.-- (intrs.) to drop off,fall away,to be scattered,to roll or whirl about.‹-› Both <i>vidhamati </i>&<i> °eti</i> are used indiscriminately,although the Caus.<i>°eti</i> occurs mostly in meaning of “destroy.” (1) <i>vidhamati</i>:S.III,190; J.I,284 (in play of words with dhamati to blow; aor.vidhami=viddhaṁsesi C.); VI,490 (vidhamaṁ te raṭṭhaṁ,is ruined); Miln.91,226 (Mārasenaṁ),237,337 (intrs.with vikirati &#38; viddhaṁsati).-- (2) <i>vidhameti</i>:Nd<sup>1</sup> 5; J.III,261 (poet.vidhamemasi [write °se!]=vidhamema,nāsema C.); V,309; Miln.39; PvA.168.-- pp.<i>vidhamita</i>.(Page 622) ,9,1
  15044. 475353,en,15,vidhamita,vidhamita,Vidhamita,Vidhamita,[pp.of vidhamati] destroyed Nd<sup>2</sup> 576<SUP>A</SUP>.(Page 622) ,9,1
  15045. 475394,en,15,vidhana,vidhāna,Vidhāna,Vidhāna,(nt.) [fr.vi+<em>dhā</em><i>;</i> Vedic vidhāna] 1.arrangement,get up,performance,process J.III,178 (attano vidhānena “in his robes of office”); Vism.66 sq.; DhsA.168=Vism.122 (bhāvanā°); VbhA.69,71 (manasikāra°); ThA.273 (id.).-- 2.ceremony,rite J.VI,202 (yañña°); Miln.3.-- 3.assignment,disposition,provision J.II,208 (vidhi-vidhāna-ññū; C.expl<sup>d</sup> v.as “koṭṭhāso vā saṁvidahanaṁ vā”); PvA.30.-- 4.succession (as much as “supplement”) KhA 216; SnA 23 (note 2).-- Cp.saṁvidahana &#38; saṁvidhāna.(Page 622) ,7,1
  15046. 475409,en,15,vidhanavant,vidhānavant,Vidhānavant,Vidhānavant,(adj.) [vidhāna+vant] making dispositions,careful in providing,circumspect,considerable J.VI,287.(Page 623) ,11,1
  15047. 475438,en,15,vidhatar,vidhātar,Vidhātar,Vidhātar,[n.ag.of vidahati] provider,disposer J.V,221 (dhātā vidhātā,as of Viśvakarman:cp.Macdonell,Vedic Mythology p.118).(Page 622) ,8,1
  15048. 475458,en,15,vidhava,vidhavā,Vidhavā,Vidhavā,(f.) [Vedic vidhavā widow,vidhu lonely,vidhura separaṭed,Av.vidavā=Goth.widuwō=Ohg.wituwa (Ger.Witwe=E.widow); Gr.h)i/qeos unmarried; Lat.vidua widow,etc.in all Idg.languages] a widow S.I,170; A.III,128; J.VI,33; Miln.288; Vism.17; PvA.65,161; VbhA.339.(Page 622) ,7,1
  15049. 475497,en,15,vidhavati,vidhāvati,Vidhāvati,Vidhāvati,[vi+dhāvati] to run about,roam,cover space (Acc.),stray S.I,37; Sn.411,939; Nd<sup>1</sup> 414; DA.I,39.(Page 623) ,9,1
  15050. 475527,en,15,vidhayaka,vidhāyaka,Vidhāyaka,Vidhāyaka,[fr.vi+<em>dhā</em>] providing PvA.60.(Page 623) ,9,1
  15051. 475559,en,15,vidhi,vidhi,Vidhi,Vidhi,(f.) [fr.vi+<em>dhā</em>,cp.Ved.vidhi] 1.form,way; rule,direction,disposition,method,motto Vism.278 (manasikāra°,eightfold); PvA.78 (dāna°=dāna),126; VvA.82.-- Instr.<i>vidhinā</i> in due form Mhvs 14,52; PvA.130; Sdhp.336.-- 2.luck,destiny J.II,243 (°rahita unlucky).(Page 623) ,5,1
  15052. 475606,en,15,vidhuma,vidhūma,Vidhūma,Vidhūma,( &#38; vidhuma) (adj.) [vi+dhūma] “without smoke,” i.e.passionless,quiet,emancipated S.I,141 (K.S.:“no fume of vice is his”); Sn.460 (=kodhadhūma-vigamena v.SnA 405),1048 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 576 with long exegesis); Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup> (=vigata-micchā-vitakkadhūma PvA.230).(Page 623) ,7,1
  15053. 475630,en,15,vidhunati,vidhunāti,Vidhunāti,Vidhunāti,[vi+dhunāti] to shake S.I,197; Miln.399; Vism.71.-- 2.to remove,to skin (an animal) Vin.I,193.(Page 623) ,9,1
  15054. 475660,en,15,vidhupana,vidhūpana,Vidhūpana,Vidhūpana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.vidhūpeti] fanning,a fan Vin.II,130; IV,263; A.II,130; Nd<sup>2</sup> 562; Vv 33<sup>42</sup> (=caturassa vījani) VvA.147; VbhA.71.(Page 623) ,9,1
  15055. 475697,en,15,vidhupeti,vidhūpeti,Vidhūpeti,Vidhūpeti,(°dhūpayati) [vi+dhūpayati] 1.to fumigate,perfume,diffuse Miln.252.-- 2.to scatter,destroy Vin.I,2 (vidhūpayaṁ Māra-senaṁ); S.I,14; III,90=A.V,325; S.IV,210; Ps.II,167.-- pp.<i>vidhūpita</i>.(Page 623) ,9,1
  15056. 475708,en,15,vidhupita,vidhūpita,Vidhūpita,Vidhūpita,[pp.of vidhūpeti] scattered,destroyed Sn.472 (=daḍḍha SnA 409); Ud.71 (so read for vidūpita).(Page 623) ,9,1
  15057. 475715,en,15,vidhura,vidhura,Vidhura,Vidhura,(adj.) [Vedic vidhura:see vidhavā] 1.destitute,lonely; miserable,wretched J.V,399 (so read for <i>vidura</i>; according to Kern,Toev.s.v.but doubtful).‹-› 2.[vi+dhura] “burdenless,” unequalled Sn.996 (=vigata-dhura,appaṭima SnA 583); A.I,116 (here in meaning “clever,” perhaps=vidura; spelt vidhūra).Cp.Np.<i>Vidhura</i> KhA 128; SnA 201 (as Vidhūra at J.IV,361).(Page 623) ,7,1
  15058. 475761,en,15,vidhutika,vidhutika,Vidhutika,Vidhutika,[etym.?] a wreath Vin.II,10; III,180.(Page 623) ,9,1
  15059. 475781,en,15,vidisa,vidisā,Vidisā,Vidisā,(f.) [vi+disā] an intermediate point of the compass S.I,224; III,239; Sn.1122; J.I,20,101; VI,6,531.(Page 621) ,6,1
  15060. 475795,en,15,vidita,vidita,Vidita,Vidita,[pp.of vindati] known,found (out) D.III,100; S.V,180; Sn.436,1052; Mhvs 17,4; DA.I,135 (a°).(Page 621) ,6,1
  15061. 475837,en,15,viditatta,viditatta,Viditatta,Viditatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vidita] the fact of having found or known,experience J.II,53.(Page 621) ,9,1
  15062. 475870,en,15,vidomanassa,vidomanassā,Vidomanassā,Vidomanassā,(f.) [vi+domanassa] absence of dejection Vism.504=VbhA.105.(Page 622) ,11,1
  15063. 475880,en,15,vidu,vidū,Vidū,Vidū,(adj.) [Vedic vidu] clever,wise,knowing,skilled in (-°) S.I,62 (loka°); V,197; Vin.II,241 (pl.paracittaviduno); Sn.677 (vidūhi),996; J.V,222 (dhamma°); Vv 30<sup>11</sup> (=sappañña VvA.127); Miln.276; Mhvs 15,51 (ṭhān’âṭhāṇa° knowing right &#38; wrong sites).-- In Pass.sense in <i>dubbidū</i> hard to know J.V,446.-- For <i>vidū</i> (vidu) “they knew” see <i>vindati</i>.(Page 621) ,4,1
  15064. 475896,en,15,vidugga,vidugga,Vidugga,Vidugga,(adj.-n.) [vi+dugga] hard to walk; troublesome,difficult,painful.-- (m.) difficult passage; difficulty,distress D.III,27; A.III,128; J.III,269; IV,271.(Page 621) ,7,1
  15065. 475907,en,15,vidupita,vidūpita,Vidūpita,Vidūpita,at Ud.71 (vitakkā vidūpitā) is to be read as <i>vidhūpita</i>.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15066. 475910,en,15,vidura,vidura,Vidura,Vidura,(adj.) [fr.<em>vid</em>,cp.Sk.vidura] wise,clever J.V,399 (=paṇḍita C.).Cp.vidhura 2.(Page 621) ,6,1
  15067. 475919,en,15,vidura,vidūra,Vidūra,Vidūra,(adj.) [vi+dūra] far,remote,distant A.II,50 (su°).Mostly neg.<i>a°</i> not far,i.e.near Sn.147; PvA.14,31,78,81.(Page 622) ,6,1
  15068. 475948,en,15,vidusita,vidūsita,Vidūsita,Vidūsita,(adj.) [vi+dūsita] corrupted,depraved PvA.178 (°citta).(Page 622) ,8,1
  15069. 475961,en,15,vidva,vidvā,Vidvā,Vidvā,see under <i>vindati</i>.(Page 622) ,5,1
  15070. 476007,en,15,vigacchati,vigacchati,Vigacchati,Vigacchati,[vi+gacchati] to depart,disappear; to decrease D.I,138 (bhogakkhandha vigacchissati); Sdhp.523.‹-› pp.<i>vigata</i>.(Page 614) ,10,1
  15071. 476043,en,15,vigahati,vigāhati,Vigāhati,Vigāhati,[vi+gāhati] to plunge into,to enter S.I,180 (ger.vigāhiya); J.V,381 (°gāhisuṁ,aor.); Mhvs 19,29 (here as °gāhetvā).The ger.is also vigayha at Sn.2,825; cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 163 (=ogayha pavisitvā).At Vin.II,106 we should prefer to read <i>viggayha</i> for <i>vigayha</i>.(Page 615) ,8,1
  15072. 476073,en,15,vigalati,vigaḷati,Vigaḷati,Vigaḷati,[vi+galati] to drop Miln.250.-- pp.<i>vigaḷita</i>.Cp.<i>vinigaḷati</i>.(Page 614) ,8,1
  15073. 476085,en,15,vigalita,vigaḷita,Vigaḷita,Vigaḷita,[pp.of vigaḷati] dropping,dripping (down) PvA.56.(Page 614) ,8,1
  15074. 476097,en,15,vigama,vigama,Vigama,Vigama,(-°) [fr.vi+<em>gam</em>] going away,disappearance,departing,departure Dāvs.V,68 (sabb’āsava°); DhsA.166; Sdhp.388 (jighacchā°),503 (sandeha°).(Page 614) ,6,1
  15075. 476149,en,15,vigarahati,vigarahati,Vigarahati,Vigarahati,[vi+garahati] to scold (intensely),to abuse Vin.II,161 (dhammiṁ kathaṁ); III,46; S.I,30 (ariyadhammaṁ); Miln.227.(Page 614) ,10,1
  15076. 476172,en,15,vigata,vigata,Vigata,Vigata,(°-) [pp.of vigacchati,in act.(reflexive) &#38; medpass.function] gone away,disappeared,ceased; having lost or foregone (for-gone=vi-gata),deprived of,being without; often to be trsl<sup>d</sup> simply as prep.“without.” It nearly always occurs in comp<sup>n</sup>,where it precedes the noun.By itself rare,e.g.Sn.483 (sārambhā yassa vigatā); VvA.33 (padumā mā vigatā hotu).Otherwise as follows:<i>°āsa</i> Pug.27; <i>°āsava</i> SnA 51; <i>°icchā</i> Dh.359; <i>°khila</i> Sn.19; <i>°cāpalla</i> D.I,115; DA.I,286; <i>°chavivaṇṇa</i> ThA.80 (=vivaṇṇa); <i>°jīvita</i> PvA.40; <i>°paccaya</i> Vism.541; Tikp 7,21,59; <i>°paṭighāta</i> DhA.IV,176; <i>°mada</i> Mhvs 34,94; <i>°raja</i> Sn.517; J.I,117; <i>°valita</i> PvA.153.Cp.<i>vīta°</i> in similar application and meaning.(Page 614) ,6,1
  15077. 476606,en,15,vigayha,vigayha,Vigayha,Vigayha,see vigāhati.(Page 614) ,7,1
  15078. 476622,en,15,viggaha,viggaha,Viggaha,Viggaha,[fr.vi+<em>gah</em><i>:</i> see gaṇhati 3] 1.dispute,quarrel J.I,208 (ñātakānaṁ aññamaññaṁ viggaho); Miln.90; often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>kalaha</i>,e.g.Vin.II,88; A.IV,401; Nd<sup>1</sup> 302; Miln.383.-- 2.taking up form (lit.seizing on),“incorporation,” form,body D.II,210=226 (sovaṇṇo viggaho mānusaṁ viggahaṁ atirocati); Vin.I,97 (manussa°); II,286 (id.); IV,215 (tiracchānagata-manussa°),269 (id.); J.V,398=405 (=sarīra C); VI,188 (rucira°); Dāvs.I,42 (uju-somma°).-- 3.(t.t.g.) resolution of words into their elements,analysis,separation of words Miln.381; VvA.226 (pada°); SnA 168; ThA.202 (pada°).(Page 615) ,7,1
  15079. 476648,en,15,viggahika,viggāhika,Viggāhika,Viggāhika,(adj.) [fr.viggaha] of the nature of dispute or quarrel; only in cpd.<i>°kathā</i> quarrelsome speech,dispute D.I,8; S.V,419; Sn.930; DA.I,91.(Page 615) ,9,1
  15080. 476667,en,15,viggahita,viggahita,Viggahita,Viggahita,[pp.of viggaṇhati] taken hold of,seized; prejudiced against,seduced by (-),in phrase <i>dhamm’</i>uddhacca-<i>viggahita-mānasa</i> A.II,157; Ps.II,101.Cp.BSk.vigrāhita,e.g.AvŚ I.83=308 (Ajātaśatru Devadatta°); Divy 419,557,571; Jtm 143,146.(Page 615) ,9,1
  15081. 476677,en,15,vigganhati,viggaṇhati,Viggaṇhati,Viggaṇhati,[vi+gaṇhati] 1.to take hold of,to quarrel,to be in disharmony with; only in ger.viggayha disputing,quarrelling,fighting Vin.II,106 (read gg for g! Bdhgh on p.315:rubbing against each other); Ud.69; Sn.844,878; Nd<sup>1</sup> 285 (=uggahetvā parāmasitvā).‹-› 2.to stretch out,disperse,divide,spread; ger.<i>viggayha</i> Vv 50<sup>1</sup> (hattha-pāde v.; expl<sup>d</sup> as “vividhehi ākārehi gahetvā” VvA.209).(Page 615) ,10,1
  15082. 476700,en,15,vighasa,vighāsa,Vighāsa,Vighāsa,( &#38; <i>Vighasa</i>) [fr.vi+ghasati] remains of food,broken meat,scraps Vin.IV,265,266; J.II,288; III,113,191,311 (read °ghasa for metre); V,268 (do.); Sdhp.389.<br><br> <i>--âda</i> one who eats the remains of food Vin.I,200 (panca°-satāni) J.I,348; II,96; III,191; DhA.II,128.Also N.of an animal J.VI,538.(Page 615) ,7,1
  15083. 476741,en,15,vighata,vighāta,Vighāta,Vighāta,[vi+ghata] 1.destruction,killing,slaughter PvA.150 (vighātaṁ āpajjati=vihaññati).-- as adj.slain,beaten Pv IV.5<sup>3</sup> (=vighātavā vihata-bala).‹-› 2.distress,annoyance,upset of mind,trouble,vexation D.III,249; M.I,510; A.II,197 sq.; IV,161 (°pariḷāha); Sn.814 (=ugghāta pīḷana ghaṭṭana upaddava Nd<sup>1</sup> 140=170); Th.2,450 (bahu° full of annoyance).-- <i>sa°</i> connected with,or bringing vexation,with opp.<i>a°</i> free of annoyance:S.III,8; V,97; A.I,202 sq.; III,3,429; Th.2,352; ThA.242.-- 3.opposition M.I,499.<br><br> <i>--pakkhika</i> having its part in adversity,associated with trouble M.I,115; S.V,97; DhsA.382.<i>--bhūmi</i> ground for vexation Sn.830 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 170 with expl<sup>n</sup> as above).(Page 615) ,7,1
  15084. 476771,en,15,vighatana,vighāṭana,Vighāṭana,Vighāṭana,(adj.) [fr.vighāṭeti] unfastening,breaking up,overthrowing Th.1,419.(Page 615) ,9,1
  15085. 476803,en,15,vighatavant,vighātavant,Vighātavant,Vighātavant,(adj.) [vighāta+vant] full of annoyance or vexation S.III,16 sq.; A.II,143 (=discontented); Th.1,899 (in same connection,neg.); PvA.260 (=distressed).(Page 615) ,11,1
  15086. 476828,en,15,vighatita,vighāṭita,Vighāṭita,Vighāṭita,[pp.of vighāṭeti,denom.fr.vi+ghāṭa,cp.gantheti] overthrown,destroyed Sdhp.314.(Page 615) ,9,1
  15087. 476837,en,15,vighattita,vighaṭṭita,Vighaṭṭita,Vighaṭṭita,[vi+ghaṭṭita] struck,knocked,beaten J.V,203 (a°).(Page 615) ,10,1
  15088. 476855,en,15,vihaga,vihaga,Vihaga,Vihaga,[viha,sky,+<em>ga</em>] a bird (lit.going through the sky) DA.I,46.<i>--°pati</i> lord of birds,a garuḷa Dāvs.IV,33,38,55.(Page 642) ,6,1
  15089. 476861,en,15,vihahesi,vihāhesi,Vihāhesi,Vihāhesi,“he banished” at J.IV,471 is 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.aor.Caus.of vijahati (<i>hā</i>); expl<sup>d</sup> in C.by <i>pabbājesi</i>.-- Another form <i>vihāhisi</i> see under <i>viharati</i> &#38; cp.<i>viheti<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 643) ,8,1
  15090. 476864,en,15,vihami,vihāmi,Vihāmi,Vihāmi,at J.VI,78 (lohitaṁ) is poetical for <i>vijahāmi</i>; C.expl<sup>s</sup> as <i>niṭṭhubhāmi</i>,i.e.I spit out.(Page 642) ,6,1
  15091. 476874,en,15,vihanati,vihanati,Vihanati,Vihanati,[vi+hanati] to strike,kill,put an end to,remove A.III,248 (kaṅkhaṁ; v.l.vitarati perhaps to be preferred); Sn.673; Pot.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>vihane</i> Sn.975 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 509); &#38; <i>vihāne</i> Sn.348=Th.1,1268.-- ger.<i>vihacca:</i> see abhi°.-- Pass.vihaññati (q.v.).-- pp.<i>vihata</i>.(Page 642) ,8,1
  15092. 476878,en,15,vihanga,vihaṅga,Vihaṅga,Vihaṅga,=vihaga,J.V,416; PvA.154,157; Sdhp.241.(Page 642) ,7,1
  15093. 476881,en,15,vihangama,vihaṅgama,Vihaṅgama,Vihaṅgama,(adj.) [viha+<em>gam</em>] going through the air,flying; (m.) a bird A.II,39; III,43; Sn.221,606; Th.1,1108; J.I,216; III,255; DA.I,125=DhsA.141.(Page 642) ,9,1
  15094. 476896,en,15,vihannati,vihaññati,Vihaññati,Vihaññati,[Pass.of vihanati] to be struck or slain; to be vexed or grieved,to get enraged,to be annoyed,suffer hardship; to be cast down Sn.168 sq.; Pv.II,11<sup>7</sup> (=vighātaṁ āpajjati PvA.150); IV,5<sup>2</sup> (with same expl<sup>n</sup>); J.I,73,359; II,442; V,330; DA.I,289.-- ppr.<i>vihaññamāna</i> Sn.1121 (with long and detailed exegesis at Nd<sup>2</sup> 604); S.I,28 (a°); PvA.150.pp.vihata DA.I,231.(Page 642) ,9,1
  15095. 476910,en,15,vihara,vihāra,Vihāra,Vihāra,[fr.viharati] 1.(as m. &#38; adj.) spending one’s time (sojourning or walking about),staying in a place,living; place of living,stay,abode (in general) VvA.50 (jala°); PvA.22,79; <i>eka°</i> living by oneself S.II,282 sq.; <i>jaṅghā°</i> wandering on foot PvA.73; <i>divā°</i> passing the time of day Sn.679; PvA.142.See also below 3 a.-- 2.(appl<sup>d</sup> meaning) state of life,condition,mode of life (in this meaning almost identical with that of vāsa<sup>2</sup>),e.g.<i>ariya°</i> best condition S.V,326; SnA 136; <i>dibba°</i> supreme condition (of heart) Miln.225; <i>brahma°</i> divine state S.V,326; SnA 136; Vism.295 sq.(ch.IX.); <i>phāsu°</i> comfort A.III,119,132; <i>sukha°</i> happiness S.III,8; V,326; A.I,43; II,23; III,131 sq.; IV,111 sq.230 sq.; V,10 sq.See further D.I,145,196; III,220 (dibba,brahma,ariya),250 (cha satata°),281; S.II,273 (jhāna°); III,235 (id.); A.III,294 (°ṁ kappeti to live one’s life); Ps.II,20; Nett 119 sq.‹-› 3.(a) a habitation for a Buddhist mendicant,an abode in the forest (arañña°),or a hut; a dwelling,habitation,lodging (for a bhikkhu),a single room Vin.II,207 sq.; D.II,7; A.III,51,299 (yathāvihāraṁ each to his apartment); Sn.220 (dūra° a remote shelter for a bhikkhu),391; Vism.118 (different kinds; may be taken as c.).-- (b) place for convention of the bhikkhus,meeting place; place for rest &#38; recreation (in garden or park) DA.I,133.-- (c) (later) a larger building for housing bhikkhus,an organized monastery,a Vihāra Vin.I,58; III,47; S.I,185 (°pāla the guard of the monastery); J.I,126; Miln.212; Vism.292; DhA.I,19 (°cārikā visit to the monastery),49 (°pokkharaṇī),416; Mhvs 19,77; PvA.12,20,54,67,141.151; and passim.See also Dictionary of Names.The modern province Behar bears its name from the vihāras.(Page 642) ,6,1
  15096. 476925,en,15,viharaka,vihāraka,Vihāraka,Vihāraka,<i>=vihāra</i> 3 (room,hut) Th.2,94 (=vasanakaovaraka ThA.90).(Page 642) ,8,1
  15097. 476932,en,15,viharana,viharaṇa,Viharaṇa,Viharaṇa,(nt.) [fr.viharati] abiding,dwelling DhsA.164,168.(Page 642) ,8,1
  15098. 476954,en,15,viharati,viharati,Viharati,Viharati,[vi+harati] to stay,abide,dwell,sojourn (in a certain place); in general:to be,to live; appl<sup>d</sup>:to behave,lead a life (as such expl<sup>d</sup> with “iriyati” at Vism.16).Synonyms are given at Vbh.194 with <i>iriyati</i>,<i> vattati</i>,<i> pāleti</i>,<i> yapeti</i>,<i> yāpeti</i>,<i> carati;</i> cp.VbhA.262.‹-› See e.g.D.I,251; Sn.136,301,925; Pug.68; DhsA.168; DA.I,70,132; PvA.22,67,78.-- Special Forms:aor.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>vihāsi</i> Sn.p.16; Pv.II,9<sup>60</sup>; Mhvs 5,233; PvA.54,121; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>vihiṁsu</i> Th.1,925, &#38; <i>vihaṁsu</i> A.II,21; fut.<i>viharissati</i> A.III,70; <i>vihessati</i> Th.1,257; <i>vihissati</i> Th.2,181; and <i>vihāhisi</i> J.I,298 (doubtful reading!),where C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “vijahissati,parihāyissati”; with phrase <i>sukhaṁ vihāhisi</i> cp.<i>dukkhaṁ viharati</i> at A.I,95,and see also <i>vihāhesi</i>.-- pp.not found.(Page 642) ,8,1
  15099. 476973,en,15,viharika,vihārika,Vihārika,Vihārika,(adj.)=vihārin; in <i>saddhi°</i> co-resident A.III,70.(Page 643) ,8,1
  15100. 476978,en,15,viharin,vihārin,Vihārin,Vihārin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.vihāra] dwelling,living; being in such &#38; such a state or condition D.I,162 (appa-dukkha°),251 (evaṁ°); A.I,24 (araṇa°),26 (mettā); It.74 (appamāda°); Sn.45 (sādhu°),375; Pv IV.1<sup>33</sup> (araṇa°); PvA.77,230 (mettā°); VvA.71.-- <i>eka°</i> living alone S.II,282 sq.; IV,35; opp.<i>saddhi°</i> together with another; a coresident,brother-bhikkhu S.II,204; IV,103; A.II,239.(Page 643) ,7,1
  15101. 476998,en,15,vihata,vihata,Vihata,Vihata,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [cp.Sk.vihṛti] broad,wide J.VI,171 (=puthula C.).(Page 642) ,6,1
  15102. 476999,en,15,vihata,vihata,Vihata,Vihata,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of vihanati] struck,killed,destroyed,impaired It.100 (where A.I,164 reads vigata); J.VI,171; Sdhp.313,425.(Page 642) ,6,1
  15103. 477015,en,15,vihaviha,vihaviha,Vihaviha,Vihaviha,[for vihaga] a sort of bird Th.1,49 (v.l.cihaciha).The C.expl<sup>s</sup> by “parillaka.” (Page 642) ,8,1
  15104. 477020,en,15,vihaya,vihāya,Vihāya,Vihāya,is ger.of <i>vijahati</i> (q.v.).(Page 642) ,6,1
  15105. 477025,en,15,vihayasa,vihāyasa,Vihāyasa,Vihāyasa,[cp.Sk.viha &#38; vihāyasa] the air,sky PvA.14.Cases adverbially:<i>°yasā</i> through the air Mhvs 12,10, &#38; <i>°yasaṁ</i> id.J.IV,47.Cp.<i>vehāyasa </i>&<i> vehāsa</i>.(Page 642) ,8,1
  15106. 477039,en,15,vihesa,vihesā,Vihesā,Vihesā,(f.) [for vihiṁsā] vexation,annoyance,injury; worry M.I,510; II,241 sq.; S.I,136; III,132; IV,73; V,357; D.III,240 (a°); Vin.IV,143 (+vilekhā); A.III,245,291; Sn.247,275,277; Vbh.369; Nett 25; Miln.295; DhA.I,55.(Page 643) ,6,1
  15107. 477049,en,15,vihesaka,vihesaka,Vihesaka,Vihesaka,(adj.) [fr.viheseti] annoying,vexing,troubling Vin.IV,36; Dpvs.I,47.-- f.<i>°ikā</i> Vin.IV,239,241.(Page 643) ,8,1
  15108. 477060,en,15,viheseti,viheseti,Viheseti,Viheseti,[vi+<em>hiṁs</em>,or denom.fr.vihesā,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 10<sup>2</sup>] to harass,vex,annoy,insult S.IV,63; V,346; A.III,194; Vin.IV,36 sq.; Ud.44; Sn.277; Pv IV.1<sup>47</sup> (vihesaṁ,aor.); IV,1<sup>49</sup> (vihesayi,aor.).(Page 643) ,8,1
  15109. 477067,en,15,vihesika,vihesikā,Vihesikā,Vihesikā,(f.) [probably for Sk.*vibhīṣikā,fr.<em>bhī</em>,Epic Sk.bhīṣā,cp.bhīṣma=P.bhiṁsa (q.v.)] fright J.III,147.(C.says “an expression of fearfullness”).(Page 643) ,8,1
  15110. 477079,en,15,vihethaka,viheṭhaka,Viheṭhaka,Viheṭhaka,(adj.) [fr.viheṭheti] harassing,oppressing,annoying J.I,504; V,143; Sdhp.89.Neg.a° see sep.(Page 643) ,9,1
  15111. 477088,en,15,vihethana,viheṭhana,Viheṭhana,Viheṭhana,(nt.) [fr.viheṭheti] harassing,hurting; oppression VbhA.74; VvA.68; PvA.232.(Page 643) ,9,1
  15112. 477095,en,15,vihethanaka,viheṭhanaka,Viheṭhanaka,Viheṭhanaka,(adj.) [fr.viheṭhana] oppressing,hurting,doing harm J.II,123.(Page 643) ,11,1
  15113. 477108,en,15,vihetheti,viheṭheti,Viheṭheti,Viheṭheti,[vi+heṭheti,of <em>hīḍ</em> or <em>heḷ</em> to be hostile.Same in BSk.e.g.MVastu III,360,Divy 42,145 etc.] to oppress,to bring into difficulties,to vex,annoy,plague,hurt D.I,116,135; II,12; Sn.35; J.I,187; II,267; IV,375; Miln.6,14; DhA 191; VvA.69 (Pass.°iyamāna).(Page 643) ,9,1
  15114. 477123,en,15,viheti,viheti,Viheti,Viheti,<sup>2</sup> [contracted Pass.of vijahāti=vihāyati,cp.vihāhesi] to be given up,to disappear,to go awav J.IV,216.Kern,Toev.s.v.wrongly=vi+eti.(Page 643) ,6,1
  15115. 477124,en,15,viheti,viheti,Viheti,Viheti,<sup>1</sup> [for bibheti?] to be afraid (of) J.V,154 (=bhāyati C.).Cp.<i>vibheti</i>.(Page 643) ,6,1
  15116. 477132,en,15,vihi,vīhi,Vīhi,Vīhi,[cp.Vedic vrīhi] rice,paddy Vin.IV,264 (as one of the 7 kinds of āmaka-dhañña); J.I,429; III,356; Miln.102,267; Vism.383 (°tumba); DhA.I,125; III,374 (°piṭaka).(Page 644) ,4,1
  15117. 477141,en,15,vihimsa,vihiṁsā,Vihiṁsā,Vihiṁsā,(f.) ( &#38; adj.<i>°a</i>) [abstr.fr.vi+<i>hiṁs</i>,to injure] hurting,injuring,cruelty,injury D.III,215; 226 (°vitakka); S.I,202; II,151 (°dhātu); A.III,448; Sn.292; Nd<sup>1</sup> 207 (°saññā),386,501 (°vitakka); Vbh.86,363 (°vitakka); Dhs.1348; Pug.25; Nett 97; Miln.337,367,390; DhsA.403; VbhA.74 (°dhātu),118 (°vitakka); Sdhp.510.Neg.<i>avihiṁsā</i> see sep.-- See also <i>vihesā</i>.(Page 643) ,7,1
  15118. 477149,en,15,vihimsana,vihiṁsanā,Vihiṁsanā,Vihiṁsanā,(f.) a Commentary word for <i>vihiṁsā</i> VbhA.75.A similar <i>vihiṁsakā</i> occurs at PvA.123.(Page 643) ,9,1
  15119. 477164,en,15,vihimsati,vihiṁsati,Vihiṁsati,Vihiṁsati,[vi+hiṁsati] to hurt,injure,harass,annoy S.I,165; It.86; Sn.117,451; PvA.123,198.(Page 643) ,9,1
  15120. 477183,en,15,vihina,vihīna,Vihīna,Vihīna,(adj.) [pp.of vijahati] left,given up,abandoned Sdhp.579.(Page 643) ,6,1
  15121. 477196,en,15,vihita,vihita,Vihita,Vihita,(adj.) [pp.of vidahati] arranged,prepared,disposed,appointed; furnished,equipped J.VI,201 (loka); Miln.345 (nagara); D.I,45,S.III,46; Pug.55 (aneka°); Mhvs 10,93; PvA.51 (suṭṭhu°).<i>añña°</i> engaged upon something else Vin.IV,269.(Page 643) ,6,1
  15122. 477199,en,15,vihitaka,vihitaka,Vihitaka,Vihitaka,(adj.)=<i>vihita</i>; D.III,28 sq.(kathaṁ v.aggaññaṁ how as the beginning of things appointed?); -- <i>añña°</i> engaged upon something else J.IV,389 (or does it belong to <i>āhāra</i>.in sense of “prepared by somebody else”?).(Page 643) ,8,1
  15123. 477201,en,15,vihitata,vihitatā,Vihitatā,Vihitatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.vihita] in <i>añña°</i> being engaged upon something else DhA.I,181.(Page 643) ,8,1
  15124. 477220,en,15,vijahana,vijahana,Vijahana,Vijahana,(nt.) [fr.vijahati] abandoning,relinquishing DA.I,197.(Page 616) ,8,1
  15125. 477251,en,15,vijahati,vijahati,Vijahati,Vijahati,[vi+jahati] to abandon,forsake,leave; to give up,dismiss Pv III,6<sup>15</sup> (sarīraṁ); VvA.119; Pot.vijaheyya Pv IV.1<sup>10</sup>; fut.vijahissati S.II,220; Pv.II,6<sup>7</sup> (jīvitaṁ).-- ger.vihāya Mhvs 12,55; &#38; vijahitvā Vin.IV,269; J.I,117; III,361 (iddh’ânubhāvena attabhāvaṁ).-- grd.vihātabba A.III,307 sq.; Miln.371.-- Pass.vihīyati J.VI,499 (eko v.=kilamissati C.).-- pp.vijahita &#38; vihīna.(Page 616) ,8,1
  15126. 477275,en,15,vijahita,vijahita,Vijahita,Vijahita,[pp.of vijahati] left,given up,relinquished; only in neg.a° J.I,71,76,94,178.(Page 616) ,8,1
  15127. 477314,en,15,vijambhana,vijambhanā,Vijambhanā,Vijambhanā,(f.) [vi+jambhanā] arousing,activity,energy J.VI,457.(Page 616) ,10,1
  15128. 477331,en,15,vijambhati,vijambhati,Vijambhati,Vijambhati,[vi+jambhati] to rouse oneself,to display activity,often appl<sup>d</sup> to the awakening of a lion S.III,84; A.II,33; J.I,12,493; V,215 (°amāna,ppr.getting roused),433,487; VI,173; Vism.311.(Page 616) ,10,1
  15129. 477354,en,15,vijambhika,vijambhikā,Vijambhikā,Vijambhikā,(f.) [fr.vijambhati] yawning (before rising) i.e.drowsiness,laziness,in ster.comb<sup>n</sup> with arati &#38; tandī S.I,7 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “the lanquid frame”); A.I,3; Vbh.352; Vism.33.As vijambhitā at S.V,64; J.I,506 (here in meaning “activity,alertness,” but sarcastically as sīha°); VbhA.272 (=kāya-vināmanā).(Page 616) ,10,1
  15130. 477381,en,15,vijana,vijana,Vijana,Vijana,(adj.) [vi+jana] deserted of people,lonely S.I,180; ThA.252.--°vāta:see vāta.(Page 616) ,6,1
  15131. 477387,en,15,vijana,vijāna,Vijāna,Vijāna,(nt.--adj.) [fr.vijānāti] understanding; as adj.(--°) in cpds.du° (dubbijāna) hard to understand S.I,60; J.IV,217; and su° easy to perceive Sn.92; J.IV,217.(Page 617) ,6,1
  15132. 477395,en,15,vijana,vījana,Vījana,Vījana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vīj</em>,cp.Class.Sk.vījana] a fan,fanning; in <i>vījana-vāta</i> a fanning wind,a breeze SnA 174.(Page 643) ,6,1
  15133. 477416,en,15,vijanana,vijānana,Vijānana,Vijānana,(nt.) [the diæretic form of Sk.vijñāna:cp.jānana=ñāṇa] recognition,knowing,knowledge,discrimination Vian 452; DhsA.141.(Page 617) ,8,1
  15134. 477508,en,15,vijanati,vijānāti,Vijānāti,Vijānāti,[vi+<em>jñā</em>] to have discriminative (dis=vi°) knowledge,to recognize,apprehend,ascertain,to become aware of,to understand,notice,perceive,distinguish,learn,know Sn.93 sq.763; Dh.64,65; Nd<sup>1</sup> 442.See also viññāṇa 2<sup>a</sup>.-- imper.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.vijāna Sn.1091 (=ājāna Nd<sup>2</sup> 565<sup>b</sup>); Pv IV.5<sup>5</sup> (=vijānāhi PvA.260); ppr.vijānanto Sn.656,953; Pv IV.1<sup>88</sup>; PvA.41; and vijānaṁ neg.a° ignorant Dh.38,60; It.103.Pot.1<sup>st</sup> sg.(poet.) vijaññaṁ J.III,360 (=vijāneyyaṁ C.); Sn.1065,1090,1097 (=jāneyyaṁ Nd<sup>2</sup> 565<sup>a</sup>); &#38; vijāniyaṁ Vv 41<sup>5</sup> (paṭivijjhiṁ C.); 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.vijañña Sn.253,316,967 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 489).-- ger.vijāniya Mhvs 8,16; viññāya Sn.232; &#38; viññitvā Vin.IV,264.-- aor.(3<sup>rd</sup> pl.) vijāniṁsu Mhvs 10,18.-- Pass.viññāyati PvA.197; fut.viññissati Th.1,703.-- inf.viññātuṁ S.III,134.-- grd.viññātabba (to be understood) VbhA.46; &#38; viññeyya (q.v.).-- pp.viññāta.-- Caus.II.viññāpeti (q.v.).(Page 617) ,8,1
  15135. 477543,en,15,vijani,vījanī,Vījanī,Vījanī,(f.) [fr.vījana,of <em>vīj</em>] a fan Vv 47<sup>2</sup> (T.bījanī,v.l.vīj°); J.I,46; Vism.310; DhA.IV,39; VvA.147; PvA.176; KhA 95.There are 3 kinds of fans mentioned at Vin.II,130,viz.<i>vākamaya°</i>,<i> usīra°</i>,<i> mora-piñcha°</i>,or fans made of bark,of a root (?),and of a peacock’s tail.(Page 643) ,6,1
  15136. 477608,en,15,vijata,vijātā,Vijātā,Vijātā,(f.) [pp.of vijāyati] (a woman) having borne J.II,140; Pv.II,2<sup>3</sup> (=pasūtā PvA.80).<br><br> --kāla time of birth J.II,140.--ghara birth-chamber Miln.301.(Page 616) ,6,1
  15137. 477634,en,15,vijatana,vijaṭana,Vijaṭana,Vijaṭana,(nt.) [fr.vijaṭeti] disentangling Miln.11.(Page 616) ,8,1
  15138. 477698,en,15,vijateti,vijaṭeti,Vijaṭeti,Vijaṭeti,[vi+Caus.of jaṭ:see jaṭita] 1.to disentangle,to comb out; fig.to unravel,explain Vin.II,150 (bimbohanaṁ kātuṁ tūlāni v.); Miln.3; Vism.1,2.-- 2.to plunder J.III,523.-- pp.vijaṭita.(Page 616) ,8,1
  15139. 477717,en,15,vijati,vijāti,Vijāti,Vijāti,in <i>Vijātiloha</i> a kind of copper VbhA.63.(Page 617) ,6,1
  15140. 477726,en,15,vijati,vījati,Vījati,Vījati,<i> </i>[<em>vīj</em>] to fan J.I,165; SnA 487; VvA.6 (T.bījati).‹-› Caus.<i>vījeti</i> DhA.IV,213; Mhvs 5,161.-- Pass.<i>vījiyati</i>:ppr.<i>vījiyamāna</i> getting fanned J.III,374 (so read for vijīy°); PvA.176 (so for vijjamāna!).-- pp.<i>vījita</i>.(Page 643) ,6,1
  15141. 477743,en,15,vijatita,vijaṭita,Vijaṭita,Vijaṭita,[pp.of vijaṭeti] disentangled S.I,165.(Page 616) ,8,1
  15142. 477767,en,15,vijaya,vijaya,Vijaya,Vijaya,[fr.vi+ji] victory; conquering,mastering; triumph over (--°) D.I,46; A.IV,272 (idha-loka°); SnA 241 sq.(°sutta,another name for the Kāya-vicchandanika-sutta). Vijayati ( &#38; vijinati) [vi+jayati] to conquer,master,triumph over DA.I,250 (vijeti); fut.vijessati J.IV,102.‹-› ger.vijeyya Sn.524,1002; and vijetvā J.III,523.-- pp.vijita.Cp.abhi°.(Page 616) ,6,1
  15143. 477806,en,15,vijayana,vijāyana,Vijāyana,Vijāyana,(nt.) [fr.vijāyati] bringing forth,birth,delivery A.I,78; J.III,342; VI,333; Vism.500; VbhA.97.(Page 617) ,8,1
  15144. 477891,en,15,vijayati,vijāyati,Vijāyati,Vijāyati,[vi+jāyati] to bring forth,to bear,to give birth to Sdhp.133; aor.vijāyi VvA.220; PvA.82 (puttaṁ); ger.vijāyitvā Mhvs 5,43 (puttaṁ); and vijāyitvāna Pv.I,6<sup>3</sup>.-- pp.vijāta.-- Caus.II.vijāyāpeti to cause to bring forth J.VI,340.(Page 617) ,8,1
  15145. 477922,en,15,vijayin,vijāyin,Vijāyin,Vijāyin,(adj.-n.) [fr.vijāyati] in f.°inī able to bear a child,fertile J.IV,77 (opp.vañjhā); DhA.I,46 (id.).(Page 617) ,7,1
  15146. 478015,en,15,vijigucchati,vijigucchati,Vijigucchati,Vijigucchati,[vi+j.] to loathe Sn.41 (°amāna=aṭṭiyamāna harāyamāna Nd<sup>2</sup> 566),253,958 (°ato=aṭṭiyato harāyato Nd<sup>1</sup> 466),963; Nd<sup>1</sup> 479.(Page 617) ,12,1
  15147. 478024,en,15,vijina,vijina,Vijina,Vijina,[doubtful] distress (?),in stock phrase at A.V,156,158,160,162 (v.l.at all pass.vicina).(Page 617) ,6,1
  15148. 478061,en,15,vijita,vijita,Vijita,Vijita,[pp.of vijayati] 1.conquered,subdued,gained,won Sn.46; SnA 352; DA.I,160; PvA.75,76,161.‹-› Cp.nijjita.-- 2.(nt.) conquered land,realm,territory,kingdom J.I,262; Vv 81<sup>20</sup> (=desa VvA.316); DhA.I,386.<br><br> --aṅga at Pv III,1<sup>17</sup> (PvA.176) read vījit.° --indriya one who has conquered his senses Sn.250.--saṅgāma by whom the battle has been won,victorious D.II,39; It.76; Nd<sup>2</sup> 542; Pug.68.(Page 617) ,6,1
  15149. 478070,en,15,vijita,vījita,Vījita,Vījita,[pp.of vījati] fanned Pv III,1<sup>17</sup> (°anga).(Page 643) ,6,1
  15150. 478155,en,15,vijitavin,vijitāvin,Vijitāvin,Vijitāvin,(adj.) [vijita+āvin; see Geiger,P.Gr.198<sup>3</sup>] victorious D.I,88 (caturanta+); II,146; S.III,83; Sn.552,646; DA.I,249; DhA.IV,232; SnA 162.(Page 617) ,9,1
  15151. 478166,en,15,vijiyati,vijīyati,Vijīyati,Vijīyati,at J.III,374 is to be read as vījiyati (Pass.of vījati).(Page 617) ,8,1
  15152. 478169,en,15,vijja,vijja,Vijja,Vijja,(adj.) (--°) [=vijjā] having vijjā,possessed of wisdom; in vatthu°,tiracchāna°,nakkhatta° etc.(referring to the lower arts condemned as heretic:vijjā c.) S.III,239.te° possessed of threefold wisdom:see vijjā b.(Page 617) ,5,1
  15153. 478179,en,15,vijja,vijjā,Vijjā,Vijjā,(f.) [cp.Vedic vidyā knowledge:etym.see under vindati] one of the dogmatic terms of Buddhist teaching,varying in meaning in diff.sections of the Canon.It is not always the positive to avijjā (which has quite a welldefined meaning from its first appearance in Buddhist psych.ethics),but has been taken into the terminology of Buddhism from Brahmanic and popular philosophy.The opposite of avijjā is usually ñāṇa (but cp.S.III,162 f.171; V,429).Although certain vijjās pertain to the recognition of the “truth” and the destruction of avijjā,yet they are only secondary factors in achieving “vimutti” (cp.abhiññā,ñāṇa-dassana &#38; paññā).That vijjā at M.I,22 is contrasted with avijjā is to be expl<sup>d</sup> as a word-play in a stereotype phrase.-- A diff.side of “knowledge” again is given by “bodhi.” ‹-› (a) Vijjā is a general,popular term for lore in the old sense,science,study,esp.study as a practice of some art (something like the secret science of the medicine man:cp.vejja!); hence appl<sup>d</sup> in special,“dogmatic” sense as “secret science,” revelation (put into a sort of magic formula),higher knowledge (of the learned man),knowledge which may be applied and used as an art (cp.magister artium!),practical knowledge; but also mysterious knowledge:“charm.” -- (b) vijjā,having a varying content in its connotation,is applied to a series of diff.achievements.A rather old tabulation of the stages leading by degrees to the attainment of the highest knowledge is given in the Sāmañña-phala-sutta (D.I,63--86),repeated in nearly every Suttanta of D 1.It is composed of the 3 sampadās,viz.sīla°,citta° &#38; paññā°.Under the first group belong sīla(--kkhandha),indriya-saṁvara,sati-sampajañña,santuṭṭhi; the second is composed (1) of the overcoming of the nīvaraṇas,(2) of the 4 jhānas; the third consists of 8 items,viz.(1) ñāṇa-dassana,(2) manomaya-kāya,(3) iddhi,(4) dibba-sota,(5) ceto-pariyañāṇa,(6) pubbe-nivās’ânussatiñāṇa,(7) cut’ûpapatti-ñāṇa,(8) āsavānaṁ khaya-ñāṇa.Other terms used are:for the 2<sup>nd</sup> sampadā:caraṇa (D.I.100),and for the 3<sup>rd</sup>:vijjā (ibid.).‹-› The discussion at D.I,100 is represented as contradicting the (brahmaṇic) opinion of Ambaṭṭha,who thought that “vijjā nāma tayo Vedā,caraṇaṁ pañca sīlāni” (DA.I,267 sq.).-- In the enum<sup>n</sup> of 3 vijjās at M.I,22 sq.only Nos.6--8 of the 3<sup>rd</sup> sampadā (said to have been attained by the Buddha in the 3 night watches) with the verbs anussarati (No.6),pajānāti (7),abhijānāti (8),each signifying a higher stage of (“saving”) knowledge,yet all called “vijjā.” Quoted at Vism.202,where all 8 stages are given as “aṭṭha vijjā,” and caraṇa with 15 qualities (sīla-saṁvara,indriyesu guttadvāra etc.).The same 3 vijjās (No.6,7,8) are given at D.III,220,275,and poetically at A.II,165 as the characteristics of a proper (ariya,Buddhist) monk (or brāhmaṇa):“etāhi tīhi vijjāhi tevijjo hoti brāhmaṇo,” opposing the threeVeda-knowledge of the Brahmins.-- Tevijja (adj.) in same meaning at S.I,146 (where it refers to Nos.3,5,8 of above enum<sup>n</sup>),192,194.In brahmanic sense at Sn.594 (=tiveda SnA 463).Both meanings compared &#38; contrasted at A.I,163 (aññathā brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ tevijjaṁ paññāpenti,aññathā ca pana ariyassa vinaye tevijjo hoti “different in the Brahmanic and diff.in the Buddhist sense”).-- Tisso vijjā (without specification,but referring to above 6,7,8) further at Vin.II,183; Sn.656; Ps.I,34; II,56; Pv IV.1<sup>34</sup>; Miln.359 (+chaḷabhiññā); DhA.IV,30 (id.).It is doubtful whether the def<sup>n</sup> of ñāṇa as “tisso vijjā” at Vin.III,91 is genuine.‹-› On vijjā-caraṇa see also D.III,97,98,237; S.I,153,166; II,284; V,197; A.II,163; IV,238; V,327; Sn.163,289,442.-- On vijjā in the doctrinal appl<sup>n</sup> see:D.III,156,214,274; S.II,7 sq.(cakkhu,ñāṇa,paññā,vijjā,āloka); III,47; 163; 171; IV,31,49 sq.A.I,83; II,247; Sn.334 (simply meaning “wisdom,” craft,care,but Bdhgh SnA 339 takes it as “āsavānaṁ--khaya-ñāṇa”),1026 (opposed to avijjā); Pug.14,57; Vbh.324; Nett 76,191.-- (c) popular meanings &#38; usage of vijjā:science,craft,art,charm,spell D.I,213 (Gandhārī nāma v.also mentioned at J.IV,498 as practised by physicians),214 (Maṇika n.v.); J.III,504 (Cintāmaṇi v.); IV,323 (vatthu°:see under vatthu),498 (ghora°); V,458 (aṅga° palmistry); Miln.200; Dh.I,259 (bhūmicala n.v.“earthquake” charm),265 (dhanu-agamanīyaṁ Ambaṭṭha n.v.); KhA 237 (vatthu°,khetta°,aṅga°); and see the list of forbidden crafts at D.I,9 (aṅga°,vatthu°,<i>khetta°</i> etc.; cp.Dial.I.18,19).<br><br> <i>--gata</i> having attained wisdom Sn.730 (opp.avijjā; the playful expl<sup>n</sup> at SnA 505 is “ye arahatta-maggavijjāya kilese vijjhitvā gatā khīṇāsava-sattā”).<i>--caraṇa</i> (-sampanna) (endowed with) special craft (wisdom) &#38; virtue:see above,b.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> branch of study; there are 18 <i>vijja-ṭṭhānāni</i> or “arts &#38; sciences,” subjects of study,referred to at J.I,259.<i>--dhara</i> a knower of charms,a sorcerer J.III,303,529; IV,496; V,94; Miln.153,200,267.<i>--bhāgiyā</i> (dhammā) (states) conducive to wisdom (6 kinds of saññā) A.III,334; cp.D.III,243; S.V,395; A.IV,52 sq.<i>--mayā</i> (iddhi) (potency) accomplished by art or knowledge (Expos.I.122) Vism.383; see iddhi.<i>--vimutti</i> wisdom (higher knowledge) as salvation S.V,28,335 sq.; Ps.II,243 (in detail).(Page 617) ,5,1
  15154. 478465,en,15,vijjantarika,vijjantarikā,Vijjantarikā,Vijjantarikā,(f.) is not clear; according to Kern,Toev.s.v.=vīthi+antarikā [a very bold assumption:vīthy° contracted to vijj°!],i.e.space in between two streets or midstreet M.I,448; A.I,124.Neumann (Mittl.Slg.II.182) translates “Rinnstein” (i.e.gutter).Under antarikā we have given the trsl<sup>n</sup> “interval of lightning,” thus taking it as vijju+antarikā.Quoted DA.I,34.(Page 617) ,12,1
  15155. 478530,en,15,vijjati,vijjati,Vijjati,Vijjati,vijjamāna etc.:see vindati.(Page 617) ,7,1
  15156. 478536,en,15,vijjatipatti,vijjaṭipatti,Vijjaṭipatti,Vijjaṭipatti,(f.) [? doubtful spelling] adultery PvA.151.(Page 617) ,12,1
  15157. 478628,en,15,vijjhana,vijjhana,Vijjhana,Vijjhana,(nt.) [fr.vijjhati] piercing or getting pierced DA.I,75; II,87 (kaṇṇa°-maṅgala,ear-piercing ceremony); PvA.107.(Page 618) ,8,1
  15158. 478692,en,15,vijjhapeti,vijjhāpeti,Vijjhāpeti,Vijjhāpeti,[vi+jhāpeti] to extinguish Vin.I,31; II,219,221; J.IV,292; Miln.42.(Page 618) ,10,1
  15159. 478734,en,15,vijjhati,vijjhati,Vijjhati,Vijjhati,[<em>vyadh</em>] to pierce,perforate; to shoot with an arrow; to strike,hit,split; fut.<i>°issati</i> J.IV,272; inf.<i>°ituṁ</i> ibid.; ger.<i>°itvā</i> Vin.II,150; J.I,201 (boring through timber); SnA 505 (kilese); PvA.155; &#38; <i>viddhā</i> J.VI,77.-- Pass.<i>vijjhati</i>:ger.<i>°itvā</i> having been hit J.III,323; ppr.<i>vijjhamāna</i> PvA.107; grd.<i>viddheyya</i> J.VI,77.-- pp.<i>viddha</i>.-- Caus.<i>vijjheti</i> J.I,45 (sūlehi vijjhayanto); and <i>vedheti</i> to cause to be pierced J.VI,453 (fut.vedhayissati).-- pp.<i>vedhita</i>.(Page 618) ,8,1
  15160. 478756,en,15,vijjhayati,vijjhāyati,Vijjhāyati,Vijjhāyati,[vi+jhāyati<sup>2</sup>] to be extinguished,to go out (of fire) Vin.I,31 (imper.°āyatu &#38; fut.°āyissati); DhA.I,21 (akkhīni dīpa-sikhā viya vijjhāyiṁsu).(Page 618) ,10,1
  15161. 478845,en,15,vijjotalati,vijjotalati,Vijjotalati,Vijjotalati,[Freq.of vijjotati? Or=vijjotayati=vijjoteti?] to flicker Vin.II,131; M.I,86.(Page 618) ,11,1
  15162. 478876,en,15,vijjotati,vijjotati,Vijjotati,Vijjotati,[vi+jotati] to shine (forth) PvA.56; Caus.<i>°eti</i> to illumine PvA.10.-- pp.<i>vijjotita</i>.(Page 618) ,9,1
  15163. 478899,en,15,vijjotita,vijjotita,Vijjotita,Vijjotita,[pp.of vijjotati] resplendent PvA.154.(Page 618) ,9,1
  15164. 478907,en,15,vijju,vijju,Vijju,Vijju, &#38; vijjutā (f.) [cp.Vedic vidyut; fr.vi+<em>dyut</em>:see juti] lightning.-- (a) <i>vijju</i>:S.I,100 (°māli); A.I,124 (°ūpamacitta); J.V,322 (°vaṇṇin); Pug.30; Miln.22 (°jāla); VvA.12; Sdhp.244,598.-- (b) <i>vijjutā</i>:Th.1,1167; J.II,217.-- On similes with v.see J.P.T.S.1907,136.-- Cp.next.(Page 618) ,5,1
  15165. 478956,en,15,vijjullata,vijjullatā,Vijjullatā,Vijjullatā,(f.) [vijju(t)+latā] a flash or streak of lightning,forked lightning S.I,106; J.I,103,279,501.(Page 618) ,10,1
  15166. 479054,en,15,vikaca,vikaca,Vikaca,Vikaca,(adj.) blossoming DA.I,40.(Page 611) ,6,1
  15167. 479069,en,15,vikala,vikala,Vikala,Vikala,(adj.) [Sk.vikala] defective,in want of,deprived,(being) without Th.2,391; Pv IV.1 (bhoga°); J.IV,278; VI,232; Miln.106,307 (udakena); DA.I,222; PvA.4 (hattha°).Cp.<i>vekalla</i>.(Page 612) ,6,1
  15168. 479078,en,15,vikala,vikāla,Vikāla,Vikāla,[vi+kāla] “wrong time,” i.e.not the proper time,which usually means “afternoon” or “evening,” and therefore often “too late.” -- Vin.IV,274 (=time from sunset to sunrise); J.V,131 (ajja vikālo to-day it is too late); VvA.230 (id.).-- Loc.vikāle (opp.kāle) as adv.meaning:(1) at the wrong time Vin.I,200; Sn.386; PvA.12.-- (2) too late Vv 84 (=akāle VvA.337); DhA.I,356; IV,69.-- (3) very late (at night) J.V,458.<br><br> <i>--bhojana</i> taking a meal at the wrong time,i,e.in the afternoon Vin.I,83; D.I,5; A.I,212; II,209; Sn.400; DA.I,77.(Page 612) ,6,1
  15169. 479126,en,15,vikalaka,vikalaka,Vikalaka,Vikalaka,(adj.) [vikala+ka] being short of,wanting Vin.I,285.(Page 612) ,8,1
  15170. 479178,en,15,vikampati,vikampati,Vikampati,Vikampati,[vi+<i>kamp</i>] to shake; fig.to be unsettled,to waver,to be in doubt S.IV,71 (cittaṁ na vikampate); Th.1,1076 (vidhāsu na v.; trsl<sup>n</sup> Brethren p.366:“who is not exercised about himself in this way or in that”); Nd<sup>1</sup> 195 (tīsu vidhāsu,as at Th.1,1076; as comment on Sn.843); J.VI,488.-- ppr.med.<i>vikampamāna</i>,only neg.<i>a°</i> not hesitating,settled,well balanced,resolved Sn.842; J.IV,310; V,495 (C.anolīyamāna); VI,175 (C.nirāsaṅka).-- pp.<i>vikampita</i>.(Page 612) ,9,1
  15171. 479196,en,15,vikampin,vikampin,Vikampin,Vikampin,(adj.) [fr.vikampati] shaking; only neg.<i>a°</i> not shaking,steadfast,steady,settled Sn.952; Vv 50<sup>22</sup>.(Page 612) ,8,1
  15172. 479215,en,15,vikanna,vikaṇṇa,Vikaṇṇa,Vikaṇṇa,(adj.) [vi+kaṇṇa] having deranged or bent corners,frayed Vin.I,297; II,116.(Page 611) ,7,1
  15173. 479222,en,15,vikannaka,vikaṇṇaka,Vikaṇṇaka,Vikaṇṇaka,[fr.vikaṇṇa] a kind of arrow (barbed?) J.II,227,228.(Page 611) ,9,1
  15174. 479231,en,15,vikanta,vikanta,Vikanta,Vikanta,=vikatta; cut open,cut into pieces J.II,420.(Page 612) ,7,1
  15175. 479241,en,15,vikantana,vikantana,Vikantana,Vikantana,(nt.) [fr.vikantati] knife M.I,244.Cp.<i>vikattana</i>.(Page 612) ,9,1
  15176. 479250,en,15,vikantati,vikantati,Vikantati,Vikantati,[vi+kantati<sup>2</sup>] to cut J.V,368 (=chindati C.).‹-› pp.<i>vikatta </i>&<i> vikanta</i>.(Page 612) ,9,1
  15177. 479277,en,15,vikappa,vikappa,Vikappa,Vikappa,[vi+kappa] 1.thinking over,considering,thought,intention Nd 97,351.-- 2.doubtfulness,indecision,alternative,appl<sup>d</sup> to the part.<em>vā</em> SnA 202,266; KhA 166; DA.I,51; PvA.18.--<i>attha°</i> consideration or application of meaning,exposition,statement,sentence J.III,521; SnA 433,591.-- Cp.<i>nibbikappa</i>.(Page 612) ,7,1
  15178. 479295,en,15,vikappana,vikappana,Vikappana,Vikappana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.vikappeti] 1.assignment,apportioning Vin.IV,60=123=283.At Vin.IV,122 two ways of assigning a gift are distinguished:sammukhāvikappanā &#38; parammukhā°.All these passages refer to the cīvara.-- 2.alternative,indecision,indefiniteness (=vikappa),as t.t.g.applied to part.<i>ca</i> and <i>vā</i>,e.g.SnA 179 (“ca”); KhA 166 (“vā”).(Page 612) ,9,1
  15179. 479410,en,15,vikappeti,vikappeti,Vikappeti,Vikappeti,[vi+kappeti] 1.to distinguish,design,intend,to have intentions or preferences,to fix one’s mind on (Loc.or Acc.) Sn.793=802 (=vikappaṁ āpajjati Nd<sup>1</sup> 97),918 (id.Nd<sup>1</sup> 351).-- 2.to detail,describe,state KhA 166; SnA 43.-- 3.to assign,apportion,give Vin.I,289 (cīvaraṁ); IV,121 (id.).-- 4.to arrange,put on,get ready Vin.I,297.-- 5.to change,alter,shape,form J.V,4 (ambapakkaṁ satthena v.; C.not quite correctly =vicchindati).-- pp.<i>vikappita</i>.(Page 612) ,9,1
  15180. 479429,en,15,vikappin,vikappin,Vikappin,Vikappin,(adj.) [fr.vikappa] having intentions upon (-°),designing A.III,136 (an-issara° intentioning unruliness).(Page 612) ,8,1
  15181. 479433,en,15,vikappita,vikappita,Vikappita,Vikappita,[pp.of vikappeti] prepared,put in order,arranged,made; in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>su°</i> well prepared,beautifully set Sn.7; VvA.188 (manohara+).-- Bdhgh.at SnA 21 interprets °kappita as <i>chinna</i> “cut,” saying it has that meaning from “kappita-kesa-massu” (with trimmed hair &#38; beard),which he interprets ad sensum,but not etymologically correctly.Cp.vikappeti 5.(Page 612) ,9,1
  15182. 479447,en,15,vikappiya,vikappiya,Vikappiya,Vikappiya,(adj.) [grd.of vikappeti] to be designed or intended Sdhp.358.(Page 612) ,9,1
  15183. 479460,en,15,vikara,vikāra,Vikāra,Vikāra,[fr.vi+<em>kṛ</em>] 1.change,alteration,in <i>mahā°</i> great change Vism.366,367 (of two kinds:anupādiṇṇa &#38; upādiṇṇa,or primary &#38; secondary,i.e.the first caused by kappa-vuṭṭhāna,the second by dhātu-kkhobha); KhA 107 (vaṇṇa°).-- 2.distortion,reversion,contortion,in var.connections,as <i>kucchi°</i> stomach-ache Vin.I,301; <i>bhamuka°</i> frowning DhA.IV,90; <i>raukha°</i> grimace,contortion of the face,J.II,448; PvA.123; <i>hattha°</i> hand-figuring,signs with the hand,gesture Vin.I,157 (+hattha-vilaṅghaka)=M.I,207 (reads vilaṅgaka); Vin.V,163 (with other similaṛ gestures); J.IV,491; V,287; VI,400,489.-- Kern.Toev.s.v.vikāra is hardly correct in translating <i>hattha-vikārena</i> at Vin.I,157 by “eigenhandig,” i.e.with his own hand.It has to be comb<sup>d</sup> with hattha-vilaṅghakena.-- 3.perturbation,disturbance,inconvenience,deformity Vin.I,271,272 (°ṁ sallakkheti observe the uneasiness); Miln.224 (tāvataka v.temporary inconvenience),254 (°vipphāra disturbing influence); SnA 189 (bhūta° natural blemish).-- 4.constitution,property,quality (cp.Cpd.157<sup>2</sup>,168<sup>1</sup>) Vism.449 (rūpa° material quality); VvA.10 (so correct under <i>maya</i> in P.D.vol.III,p.147).-- 5.deception,fraud PvA.211 (=nikati).-- Cp.<i>nibbikāra</i>.(Page 612) ,6,1
  15184. 479548,en,15,vikaroti,vikaroti,Vikaroti,Vikaroti,[vi+<em>kṛ</em>] to alter,change,disturb; aor.<i>vyakāsi</i> J.II,166 (=vikāraṁ akāsi parivattayi C.); so read for T.vyākāsi.-- Imper.Pass.3 sg.<i>vikiriyyatu</i> “let him be disturbed” J.III,368 (after Kern,Toev.s.v.One may take it to <i>vikirati</i>,q.v.).-- pp.<i>vikaṭa </i>&<i> vikata</i>.See also <i>vikubbati</i>,etc.(Page 612) ,8,1
  15185. 479566,en,15,vikasa,vikāsa,Vikāsa,Vikāsa,[vi+<em>kas</em><i>:</i> see vikasati<sup>1</sup>] opening,expansion J.VI,497 (vana° opening of the forest); Dhtp 265.(Page 613) ,6,1
  15186. 479592,en,15,vikasati,vikasati,Vikasati,Vikasati,<sup>2</sup> [vi+<em>kāś</em>,cp.okāsa] to shine; Caus.<i>vikāseti</i> to illuminate Davs.V,47 (mukh’ambuja-vanāni vikāsayanto).(Page 612) ,8,1
  15187. 479593,en,15,vikasati,vikasati,Vikasati,Vikasati,<sup>1</sup> [vi+<em>kas</em>] to open (out),to expand,to blossom fully (of flowers).-- pp.<i>vikasita</i>.Caus.<i>vikāseti</i> to open J.VI,364 (hatthaṁ).(Page 612) ,8,1
  15188. 479607,en,15,vikaseti,vikāseti,Vikāseti,Vikāseti,see <i>vikasati</i>.(Page 613) ,8,1
  15189. 479618,en,15,vikasika,vikāsika,Vikāsika,Vikāsika,[fr.vi+<em>kṛṣ</em><i>:</i> see kasati] a linen bandage (Kern:“pluksel”) Vin.I,206 (for wound-dressing).May be a der<sup>n</sup> fr.<i>kāsika</i>,i.e.Benares cloth,the vi° denoting as much as “a kind of.” (Page 613) ,8,1
  15190. 479623,en,15,vikasin,vikāsin,Vikāsin,Vikāsin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.vi+<em>kāś</em><i>:</i> see vikasati<sup>2</sup>] illumining,delighting Mhvs 18,68.(Page 613) ,7,1
  15191. 479627,en,15,vikasita,vikasita,Vikasita,Vikasita,[pp.of vikasati<sup>1</sup>] burst asunder,blossoming,opened (wide),expanded,usually appl<sup>d</sup> to flowers J.III,320 (=phālita C.); IV,407; VvA.40,206 (of eyes); SnA I 39; DA.I,40.(Page 612) ,8,1
  15192. 479672,en,15,vikasitar,vikāsitar,Vikāsitar,Vikāsitar,[fr.vi+<em>kṛṣ</em>,kasati] one who plucks or pulls,bender of a bow,archer J.VI,201.(Page 613) ,9,1
  15193. 479690,en,15,vikata,vikaṭa,Vikaṭa,Vikaṭa,[vi+kata,of <em>kṛ</em>] changed,altered,distorted; disgusting,foul,filthy Pgdp 63 (°ānana with filthy mouth).-- nt.filth,dirt; four mahā-vikaṭāni applied against snake-bite,viz.gūtha,mutta,chārikā,mattikā Vin.I,206.-- Cp.<i>vekaṭika</i>.<br><br> <i>--bhojana</i> filthy food D.I,167; M.I,79.(Page 611) ,6,1
  15194. 479697,en,15,vikata,vikata,Vikata,Vikata,changed,altered Vin.I,194 (gihi-vikata changed by the g.) (Page 612) ,6,1
  15195. 479729,en,15,vikati,vikati,Vikati,Vikati,(f.) [fr.vi+<em>kṛ</em>] “what is made of something,” make,i.e.1.sort,kind J.I,59 (ābharaṇa° kind of ornament),243 (maccha-maṁsa°); Miln.403 (bhojana° all kinds of material things); Vism.376 (bhājana° special bowl); VbhA.230 (pilandhana°); DhA.II,10 (khajja°).-- 2.product,make; vessel:<i>danta°</i> “ivory make,” i.e.vessels of ivory M.II,18; D.I,78; J.I,320.-- 3.arrangement,get up,assortment; form,shape J.V,292 (mālā° garlandarrangement).<br><br> <i>--phala</i> an assortment of fruit J.V,417.(Page 612) ,6,1
  15196. 479738,en,15,vikatika,vikatika,Vikatika,Vikatika,(f.) [fr.vikati] a woollen coverlet (embroidered with figures of lions,tigers etc.) D.I,7 (cp.DA.I,87); A.I,181; Vin.I,192; ThA.55 (Ap V,10:<i>tūlikā°</i>).(Page 612) ,8,1
  15197. 479752,en,15,vikatta,vikatta,Vikatta,Vikatta,(adj.) [pp.of vi+kantati<sup>2</sup>] cut open J.VI,111 (v.l.°kanta).(Page 612) ,7,1
  15198. 479757,en,15,vikattana,vikattana,Vikattana,Vikattana,(nt.) [fr.vi+kantati<sup>2</sup>] cutter,knife Vin.III,89 (tiṇha go°) M.I,449; J.VI,441.(Page 612) ,9,1
  15199. 479776,en,15,vikatthana,vikatthana,Vikatthana,Vikatthana,(nt.) [fr.vi+<em>katth</em>] boasting SnA 549.(Page 612) ,10,1
  15200. 479789,en,15,vikatthati,vikatthati,Vikatthati,Vikatthati,[vi+katthati] to boast,show off S.II,229; J.I,454 (=vañcana-vacanaṁ vadati C.).-- pp.<i>vikatthita</i>.(Page 612) ,10,1
  15201. 479807,en,15,vikatthin,vikatthin,Vikatthin,Vikatthin,(adj.) [fr.vi+<em>katth</em>] boasting; only neg.<i>a°</i> not boasting,modest A.V,157; Sn.850; Miln.414.(Page 612) ,9,1
  15202. 479812,en,15,vikatthita,vikatthita,Vikatthita,Vikatthita,(nt.) [fr.vikatthati] boasting J.I,359.(Page 612) ,10,1
  15203. 479824,en,15,vikesika,vikesikā,Vikesikā,Vikesikā,(adj.--f.) [vi+kesa+ika] with loose or dishevelled hair Vin.I,15.(Page 613) ,8,1
  15204. 479828,en,15,vikhadana,vikhādana,Vikhādana,Vikhādana,(nt.) [vi+khādana] biting,chewing Dhs.646,740,875; DhsA.330.(Page 614) ,9,1
  15205. 479853,en,15,vikilanika,vikīlanika,Vikīlanika,Vikīlanika,(adj. &#38; nt.) [fr.vi+kīḷana] playing about; in phrase <i>vikīḷanikaṁ karoti</i> (intrs.) to play all over or excitedly (lit.to make play; vi° in meaning vi° 1) S.III,190; as trs.to put out of play,to discard (vi° 3) ibid.(rūpaṁ etc.v.karoti).(Page 613) ,10,1
  15206. 479864,en,15,vikinna,vikiṇṇa,Vikiṇṇa,Vikiṇṇa,[pp.of vikirati] scattered about,strewn all over,loose Vin.I,209 (undurehi okiṇṇa°; overrun); J.V,82.<br><br> <i>--kesa</i> with dishevelled hair J.I,47; Vism.415.<i>--vāca</i> (adj.) of loose talk S.I,61 (=asaññata-vacana K.S.I.320); Pug.35 (same expl<sup>n</sup> PugA 217):J.V,77 (=patthaṭavacana C.).(Page 613) ,7,1
  15207. 479900,en,15,vikirana,vikiraṇa,Vikiraṇa,Vikiraṇa,(nt. &#38; adj.) [fr.vikirati] 1.scattering,dispersing; being scattered or dispersed D.I,11 (cp.DA.I,96).-Vbh.358 (T.reads vikī°; v.l.vikāraṇa &#38; vikkir°)=Pug.23 (which reads nikaraṇā; trsl.“guilefulness”).In this connection VbhA.493 interprets vikiraṇa (or °ā) as “denial,abnegation” (pretext?),by saying “nâhaṁ eva karomī ti pāpānaṁ vikkhipanato vikiraṇā.” -- With ref.to Arahantship (the dissolution of the body) at DhA.III,109 in formula bhedana-vikiraṇa-viddhaṁsanadhamma i.e.“of the nature of total destruction.” Cp.BSk.formula śatana-patana-vikiraṇa-vidhvaṁsana (-dharmatā) AvŚ I.96 (where S.Speyer in Index considers vikaraṇa the correct form)=Divy 299 (reading cyavanapatana°)=Lal.V,242.See also S.III,190 (under vikirati).-- 2.(adj.) scattering,spending,squandering,f.°ī Sn.112.(Page 613) ,8,1
  15208. 479940,en,15,vikirati,vikirati,Vikirati,Vikirati,[vi+kirati] to scatter about,sprinkle,spread,mix up (trs. &#38; intrs.) M.I,127; S.III,190 (in simile of playing children:paṁsv’āgārakāni hatthehi ca pādehi ca vikiranti [mix up] vidhamanti [fall about] viddhaṁsenti [tumble over] vikīḷanikaṁ karonti,describing the scrambling and crowding about.In quite a diff.interpretation appl<sup>d</sup> to Arahantship:see under vikiraṇa,as also in the same chapter (S.III,190 § 11 sq.) in phrase rūpaṁ vikirati vidhamati etc.where it is meant in trs.sense of “destroy”; thus vi° in the same verb in meaning (vi° 1 &#38; 2); S.IV,41 (kāyo vikiri [came to pieces] seyyathâpi bhusa-muṭṭhi); J.I,226; Pv.II,3<sup>8</sup> (vikiri,v.l.for okiri); Miln.101,237 (lokadhātu <i>vikireyya</i>,would fall to pieces; comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>vidhameyya </i>&<i> viddhaṁseyya</i> “drop &#38; tumble,” denoting total confusion and destruction.Similarly on p.250=337 “vāri pokkhara-patte vikirati vidhamati viddhaṁsati”:the water scatters,drops &#38; falls off; appl<sup>d</sup> figuratively to bad qualities at same passage); SnA 172.-- Pass.<i>vikiriyyati </i>&<i> vikirīyati</i> may be taken either to <i>vikirati</i> or <i>vikaroti</i> (cp.kiriyati); DhsA.19 (suttena saṅgahitāni pupphāni na vikirīyanti na <i>viddhaṁsiyanti:</i> get scattered and fall off); ppr.<i>vikirīyamāna</i> PvA.271 (with sprawling or confused limbs); imper.<i>vikiriyyatu</i> J.III,368.-- pp.<i>vikiṇṇa</i>.(Page 613) ,8,1
  15209. 479990,en,15,vikitteti,vikitteti,Vikitteti,Vikitteti,[vi+kitteti] to slander Miln.276 (opp.pakitteti).(Page 613) ,9,1
  15210. 480000,en,15,vikkama,vikkama,Vikkama,Vikkama,[fr.vi+<em>kram</em>] 1.walking about,stepping; in <i>°malaka</i> walking-enclosure,“peripateίon,” corridor J.I,449.-- 2.strength,heroism J.II,211,398; III,386 (°porisa).(Page 613) ,7,1
  15211. 480028,en,15,vikkamati,vikkamati,Vikkamati,Vikkamati,[vi+kamati] to have or show strength,to exert oneself J.III,184 (=parakkamati); Miln.400.-- pp.<i>vikkanta</i>.(Page 613) ,9,1
  15212. 480051,en,15,vikkandati,vikkandati,Vikkandati,Vikkandati,[vi+kandati] to cry out,lament,wail J.VI,525.(Page 613) ,10,1
  15213. 480066,en,15,vikkanta,vikkanta,Vikkanta,Vikkanta,[pp.of vi+<em>kram</em>] heroic J.I,119; II,211; IV,271; Miln.400 (°cārin,of a lion).(Page 613) ,8,1
  15214. 480086,en,15,vikkaya,vikkaya,Vikkaya,Vikkaya,[vi+kaya] selling,sale A.II,209; Sn.929 (kaya+); J.I,121; II,200; IV,115 (majja°); Miln.194 (°bhaṇḍa goods for sale,merchandise); PvA.29,113 (°bhaṇḍa).(Page 613) ,7,1
  15215. 480125,en,15,vikkayika,vikkayika,Vikkayika,Vikkayika, &#38; °kāyika (adj.-n.) [fr.vikiṇāti] 1.a salesman,vendor DhA.IV,50 (ā).-- 2.for sale J.I,201 (ā); DhA.I,269 (a).(Page 613) ,9,1
  15216. 480203,en,15,vikkhaleti,vikkhāleti,Vikkhāleti,Vikkhāleti,[vi+khāḷeti] to wash off,to wash one’s face (mukhaṁ) rinse one’s mouth Vin.II,201; S.II,269; J.I,266,459; PvA.75,209,241 (=ācameti).-- pp.<i>vikkhālita</i> (Page 614) ,10,1
  15217. 480218,en,15,vikkhalita,vikkhalita,Vikkhalita,Vikkhalita,(nt.) [vi+khalita<sup>2</sup>] stumbling,fault,faux pas A.I,199.(Page 614) ,10,1
  15218. 480223,en,15,vikkhalita,vikkhālita,Vikkhālita,Vikkhālita,[pp.of vikkhāleti] washed off,cleansed Vin.II,201; Vism.59.(Page 614) ,10,1
  15219. 480239,en,15,vikkhambha,vikkhambha,Vikkhambha,Vikkhambha,[vi+khambha 1] diameter (lit.support) J.V,268,271; Mhvs 18,27.(Page 614) ,10,1
  15220. 480252,en,15,vikkhambhana,vikkhambhana,Vikkhambhana,Vikkhambhana,(nt.) [vi+<em>khambha</em>+na] withdrawal of support,stopping (the nīvaraṇas or any evil influences or corruptions:kilesa°),arresting,paralysing; elimination,discarding Ps.II,179; Nd<sup>1</sup> 6; Nd<sup>2</sup> 338,606<sup>b</sup>; J.III,15 (kilesa°+metta-bhāvana-jhān’uppatti); IV,17; Vism320; Sdhp.455.-- Usually in foll.cpds.:<i>°pahāna</i> elimination (of character-blemishes) by discarding J.II,230; Nd<sup>2</sup> 203; Vism.5; DhsA.352; SnA 19; <i>°vimutti</i> emancipation by elimination J.II,35; <i>°viveka</i> arrest by aloofness DhsA.12,164; Vism.140,141.(Page 614) ,12,1
  15221. 480281,en,15,vikkhambhanata,vikkhambhanatā,Vikkhambhanatā,Vikkhambhanatā,(f.) [vikkhambhana+tā] state of having undone or discarded,removal,destruction,paralysis Nett 15,16.(Page 614) ,14,1
  15222. 480314,en,15,vikkhambhati,vikkhambhati,Vikkhambhati,Vikkhambhati,[fr.vi+khambha 2] (intrs.) to become stiff (with fear),to be scared or frightened Ap.50.(Page 614) ,12,1
  15223. 480340,en,15,vikkhambheti,vikkhambheti,Vikkhambheti,Vikkhambheti,[vi+khambheti] (trs.) to “unprop,” unsettle,discard; to destroy,extirpate,paralyse (cp.khambha 2 and chambheti),give up,reject Sn.969 (=abhibhavati etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 492); Vism.268; J.I,303 (jhānabalena kilese v.); Miln.34 (nīvaraṇe); DhA.IV,119 (pītiṁ vikkhambhetvā:here in meaning “set up,establish”? Or to produce such pīti as to be called pharaṇā pīti,thus vikkhambheti=pharati 2? Or as denom.fr.vikkhambha “diameter”=to establish etc.?); VvA.156 (read °etvā.)-- pp.<i>vikkhambhita</i>.(Page 614) ,12,1
  15224. 480354,en,15,vikkhambhika,vikkhambhika,Vikkhambhika,Vikkhambhika,(adj.) [fr.vikkhambheti] leading to arrest (of passions),conducive to discarding (the blemishes of character) Vism.114.(Page 614) ,12,1
  15225. 480361,en,15,vikkhambhita,vikkhambhita,Vikkhambhita,Vikkhambhita,[pp.of vikkhambheti] arrested,stopped,paralysed,destroyed Ps.II,179; Tikp 155,320 sq.; Dukp 10.(Page 614) ,12,1
  15226. 480385,en,15,vikkhambhiya,vikkhambhiya,Vikkhambhiya,Vikkhambhiya,(adj.) [grd.of vikkhambheti] in neg.a° not to be obstructed or overcome D.III,146.(Page 614) ,12,1
  15227. 480389,en,15,vikkhandati,vikkhaṇḍati,Vikkhaṇḍati,Vikkhaṇḍati,[vi+khaṇḍati] to break (up),destroy,spoil Sdhp.450 (ger.°iya).-- pp.<i>vikkhaṇḍita</i>.(Page 614) ,11,1
  15228. 480391,en,15,vikkhandita,vikkhaṇḍita,Vikkhaṇḍita,Vikkhaṇḍita,[pp.of vikkhaṇḍati] broken,ruined,spoilt Sdhp.436.(Page 614) ,11,1
  15229. 480402,en,15,vikkhayitaka,vikkhāyitaka,Vikkhāyitaka,Vikkhāyitaka,(adj.-nt.) [vi+khāyati(=khādita)+ka] “pertaining (or:of the nature of) to being eaten up,” i.e.a (mental) representation obtained by contemplation of a corpse gnawed by animals,one of the asubhakammaṭṭhānas Vism.110=Miln.332 (°saññā); Vism.179,194.(Page 614) ,12,1
  15230. 480416,en,15,vikkhelika,vikkheḷikā,Vikkheḷikā,Vikkheḷikā,(adj.-f.) [vi+kheḷa+ikā] having saliva dropping from the mouth (of sleeping women),slobbering Vin.I,15.(Page 614) ,10,1
  15231. 480422,en,15,vikkhepa,vikkhepa,Vikkhepa,Vikkhepa,[vi+khepa] 1.disturbance,derangement J.VI,139.-- 2.perplexity,confusion D.I,59.-- <i>vācā°</i> equivocation,senseless talk D.I,24.-- 3.in <i>citta° </i>&<i> cetaso</i> v.upset of mind,unbalanced mind,mental derangement:<i>citta°</i> S.I,126; Pug.69; <i>cetaso</i> A.III,448; Dhs.429; Vbh.373.-- <i>avikkhepa</i> equanimity,balance D.III,213; A.I,83; Ps.I,94; Dhs.160,430; Vbh.178 sq.231 sq.266 sq.279 sq.285 sq.<br><br> <i>--paṭibāhana</i> exclusion or warding off of confusion (of mind) or disturbance Vism.244; VbhA.227.(Page 614) ,8,1
  15232. 480547,en,15,vikkhepika,vikkhepika,Vikkhepika,Vikkhepika,(adj.) [fr.vikkhepa],in phrase <i>amarā°:</i> see under <i>amarā</i>; another suggestion as to explanation may be:khipa=eel-basket,thus vikhep-ika one who upsets the eel-basket,i.e.causes confusion.(Page 614) ,10,1
  15233. 480552,en,15,vikkhina,vikkhīṇa,Vikkhīṇa,Vikkhīṇa,[vi+khīṇa] totally destroyed,finished,gone Th.2,22.(Page 614) ,8,1
  15234. 480562,en,15,vikkhipana,vikkhipana,Vikkhipana,Vikkhipana,(nt.) [cp.BSk.viksepa refusal AvŚ I.94] refusal,denial VbhA.493 (see vikiraṇa 1).(Page 614) ,10,1
  15235. 480586,en,15,vikkhipatti,vikkhipatti,Vikkhipatti,Vikkhipatti,[Pass.of vikkhipati] to be disturbed J.I,400 (gocare,in ...); Miln.337 (cittaṁ).-- pp.<i>vikkhitta</i>.(Page 614) ,11,1
  15236. 480612,en,15,vikkhitta,vikkhitta,Vikkhitta,Vikkhitta,(adj.) [vi+khitta] 1.upset,perplexed,mentally upset,confused S.II,122 (°citta); V,157,263 sq.; A.III,174 (°citta); V,147 (id.); Vism.410 (=uddhacc’ânugata).-- <i>a°</i> undisturbed,composed,collected A.V,149; It.94; PvA.26.(Page 614) ,9,1
  15237. 480633,en,15,vikkhittaka,vikkhittaka,Vikkhittaka,Vikkhittaka,(adj.) [vi+khitta+ka] 1.scattered all over,deranged,dismembered; of a dead body with respect to its limbs (as one of the asubha-kammaṭṭhāna’s:cp.vikkhāyika &#38; vicchiddaka) Vism.110 (°saññā)=Miln.332; Vism.179 (with def<sup>n</sup> vividhaṁ khittaṁ vikkhittaṁ; aññena hatthaṁ aññena pādaṁ aññena sīsan ti evaṁ tato tato khittassa chava-sarīrassa adhivacanaṁ),194.--<i>hata°</i> killed &#38; cut up Vism.179.-2.<i>citta°</i> of unbalanced or deranged mind Miln.308.(Page 614) ,11,1
  15238. 480668,en,15,vikkhiyati,vikkhīyati,Vikkhīyati,Vikkhīyati,[vi+khīyati] to go to ruin,to be destroyed,to be lost J.V,392 (fut.°īyissati).-- pp.<i>vikkhīṇa</i>.(Page 614) ,10,1
  15239. 480693,en,15,vikkhobhita,vikkhobhita,Vikkhobhita,Vikkhobhita,[pp.of vikkhobheti:see khobha] thoroughly shaken up or disturbed Miln.377.(Page 614) ,11,1
  15240. 480701,en,15,vikkilita,vikkīḷita,Vikkīḷita,Vikkīḷita,(nt.) [vi+kīḷita] sporting,amusement,pastime Nett 124 (in appl<sup>d</sup> meaning).(Page 614) ,9,1
  15241. 480742,en,15,vikkinati,vikkiṇāti,Vikkiṇāti,Vikkiṇāti,[vi+kiṇāti] to sell J.I,227,377 (ger.vikkiṇitvā); PvA.100 (id.),191 (aor.vikkiṇi).-- inf.<i>vikketu ṃ</i> J.III,283.-- grd.<i>vikkiṇiya</i>=for sale DhA.I,390 (°bhaṇḍa merchandise).(Page 613) ,9,1
  15242. 480814,en,15,vikkuthita,vikkuthita,Vikkuthita,Vikkuthita,(adj.) [vi+kuthita] boiled,<i>°duddha</i> boiled milk KhA 60 (T.reads vikkuthita-duṭṭha-vaṇṇa,but App.SnA Index p.870:vikkuṭṭhita-duddha°).The corresp.passage at Vism.260 has <i>duṭṭha-khīra-</i>vaṇṇa,which seems faulty.(Page 614) ,10,1
  15243. 480823,en,15,vikopana,vikopana,Vikopana,Vikopana,(nt.) [fr.vi+<em>kup</em>] upsetting,injuring,doing harm J.II,330=IV.471; Miln.185,266; DhsA.145.(Page 613) ,8,1
  15244. 480857,en,15,vikopeti,vikopeti,Vikopeti,Vikopeti,[vi+kopeti] 1.to shake up PvA.253.-- 2.to upset,spoil,to do harm Vin.III,47; Miln.276 (vikitteti+).-- 3.to destroy J.VI,68 (padaṁ a track).(Page 613) ,8,1
  15245. 480875,en,15,vikopin,vikopin,Vikopin,Vikopin,(adj.) [vi+<em>kup</em>] shaking,disturbed; neg.<i>a°</i> J.VI,226.(Page 613) ,7,1
  15246. 480881,en,15,vikottita,vikoṭṭita,Vikoṭṭita,Vikoṭṭita,[vi+koṭṭita] beaten,cut,slain,killed Miln.304 (koṭṭita+).(Page 613) ,9,1
  15247. 480896,en,15,vikubbana,vikubbana,Vikubbana,Vikubbana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.vikubbati] miraculous transformation,change; assuming a diff.form by supernatural power; miracle Th.1,1183; Ps.II,174,210; Dpvs VIII,6 (°esu kovida); Mhvs 19,19; Miln.343; Vism.309,316 sq.More specific as <i>iddhi-vikubbana</i> (or <i>°ā</i>),i.e.by psychic powers,e.g.D.II,213; Vism.373 sq.; or <i>vikubbanā iddhi</i> Vism.378,406; VvA.58; DhsA.91 (the var.forms of iddhi).Cp.Kvu trsl.50; Cpd.61.-- The BSk.form is represented by the pp.of vikubbati,i.e.<i>vikurvita</i>,e.g.AvŚ I.258; Divy 269 etc.(Page 613) ,9,1
  15248. 480935,en,15,vikubbati,vikubbati,Vikubbati,Vikubbati,[vi+kubbati,med.of karoti] to change round,transform,do magic J.III,114 (=parivatteti); Dpvs.I,40 (vikubbeyya); also in phrase <i>iddhi-vikubbati</i> to work transformation by magic (psychic) potency Kvu 55.-- ppr.f.<i>vikubbantī</i> Vv 11<sup>2</sup> (iddhiṁ working magic,=vikubban’iddhiyo vaḷañjentī VvA.58),and <i>vikubbamānā</i> (iddhi°) Vv 31<sup>1</sup>.-- pp.<i>*vikubbita</i> miracle:see <i>vikubbana</i>.(Page 613) ,9,1
  15249. 480951,en,15,vikuddha,vikuddha,Vikuddha,Vikuddha,(adj.) [vi+kuddha] free fr.anger J.V,308.(Page 613) ,8,1
  15250. 480970,en,15,vikujati,vikūjati,Vikūjati,Vikūjati,[vi+kūjati] to sing (like a bird),warble,chirp,coo PvA.189 (=upanadati).-- ppr.med.<i>vikūjamāna</i> Vin.IV,15; J.V,12.(Page 613) ,8,1
  15251. 480984,en,15,vikujjhita,vikujjhita,Vikujjhita,Vikujjhita,[vi+pp.of kujjheti] made angry,angered,annoyed,vexed M.II,24 (so read for vikujjita).(Page 613) ,10,1
  15252. 480992,en,15,vikula,vikūla,Vikūla,Vikūla,(adj.) [vi+kūla] sloping down,low-lying A.I,35 (contrasted with ukkūla).We should expect <i>ni°</i> for <i>vi°</i>,as in BSk.(see ukkūla).(Page 613) ,6,1
  15253. 480998,en,15,vikulaka,vikūlaka,Vikūlaka,Vikūlaka,(adj.) [fr.vikūla] contrary,disgusting Th.2,467 (=paṭikūla ThA.284).(Page 613) ,8,1
  15254. 481003,en,15,vikulava,vikulāva,Vikulāva,Vikulāva,(ka) (adj.) [vi+kulāva] having no nest,without a nest S.I,224 (ka); J.I,203.(Page 613) ,8,1
  15255. 481009,en,15,vikuna,vikūṇa,Vikūṇa,Vikūṇa,[cp.vikuṇita &#38; vikāra] distortion,grimace (mukha°) SnA 30.(Page 613) ,6,1
  15256. 481018,en,15,vikunita,vikuṇita,Vikuṇita,Vikuṇita,(adj.) [vi+kuṇita] distorted,deformed Vism.346 (°mukha); PvA.123 (id.).Cp.vikūṇa.(Page 613) ,8,1
  15257. 481035,en,15,vilagga,vilagga,Vilagga,Vilagga,(adj.) [vi+lagga] 1.stuck Vin.I,138; M.I,393.‹-› 2.slender (of waist) J.V,96 (see virāgita),216 (see <i>vilāka</i>).(Page 635) ,7,1
  15258. 481049,en,15,vilaggita,vilaggita,Vilaggita,Vilaggita,(adj.) [vi+laggita] stretched or bending (?),slender J.IV,20 (see under <i>vilāka</i>).(Page 635) ,9,1
  15259. 481055,en,15,vilajjati,vilajjati,Vilajjati,Vilajjati,[vi+lajjati] to be ashamed,to be bashful,to pretend bashfulness J.V,433.(Page 635) ,9,1
  15260. 481059,en,15,vilaka,vilāka,Vilāka,Vilāka,(adj.) [perhaps=vilagga (Geiger,P.Gr.§ 612),although difficult to connect in meaning] only in f.<i>°a</i>:slender (of waist); the expl<sup>n</sup> with <i>vilagga</i> may refer to a comparison with a creeper (cp.vilambin &#38; J.V,215) as “hanging” (“climbing”) i.e.slim,but seems forced.See also <i>virāgita</i> which is expl<sup>d</sup> in the same way.The word is peculiar to the “Jātaka” style.-- J.IV,19 (=suṭṭhu-<i>vilaggita-</i>tanu-majjhā); V,155 (+mudukā; C.expl<sup>s</sup> as saṅkhitta-majjhā),215 (°majjhā=vilaggasarīrā C.),506 (velli-vilāka-majjhā=vilagga-majjhā,tanu-dīgha-majjhā C.); VvA.280 (°majjhā for sumajjhimā of Vv 64<sup>13</sup>; T.reads <i>vilāta°</i>).(Page 635) ,6,1
  15261. 481069,en,15,vilakkhana,vilakkhaṇa,Vilakkhaṇa,Vilakkhaṇa,(adj.-nt.) [vi+lakkhaṇa] wrong or false characteristic; (adj.) discharacteristic,i.e.inconsistent with characteristics,discrepant (opp.<i>sa°</i> in accordance with ch.) Miln.405; Nett 78; VbhA.250 sq.(Page 635) ,10,1
  15262. 481074,en,15,vilamba,vilamba,Vilamba,Vilamba,(adj.) [vi+lamba] hanging down; only in redupl.--iter.cpd.<i>olamba-vilamba</i> dropping or falling off all round J.IV,380.(Page 635) ,7,1
  15263. 481102,en,15,vilambati,vilambati,Vilambati,Vilambati,[vi+lambati] to loiter,to tarry,lit.“hang about” J.I,413; DhA.I,81.(Page 635) ,9,1
  15264. 481117,en,15,vilambin,vilambin,Vilambin,Vilambin,(adj.) [vi+lambin] hanging down,drooping M.I,306 (f.°inī,of a creeper,i.e.growing tendrils all over).(Page 635) ,8,1
  15265. 481129,en,15,vilanga,vilaṅga,Vilaṅga,Vilaṅga,(nt.) [*Sk.viḍaṅga] the plant Erycibe paniculata Vin.I,201 (v.l.viḷ°).-- <i>°thālikā</i> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 154 read as <i>bilaṅga°</i> (q.v.).(Page 635) ,7,1
  15266. 481137,en,15,vilanghaka,vilaṅghaka,Vilaṅghaka,Vilaṅghaka,[fr.vilaṅgheti] in <i>hattha°</i> jerking of the hand beckoning (as a mode of making signs) Vin.I,157= M.I,207 (has g for gh,cp.p.547).-- Cp.<i>hattha-vikāra</i>.(Page 635) ,10,1
  15267. 481147,en,15,vilanghati,vilaṅghati,Vilaṅghati,Vilaṅghati,[vi+laṅghati] to jump about,to leap (over) Sdhp.168.(Page 635) ,10,1
  15268. 481170,en,15,vilapa,vilāpa,Vilāpa,Vilāpa,[vi+lāpa] idle talk J.I,496; V,24.Cp.saṁ°.(Page 635) ,6,1
  15269. 481188,en,15,vilapanata,vilāpanatā,Vilāpanatā,Vilāpanatā,(f.)=<i>vilāpa</i> Pug.21.(Page 635) ,10,1
  15270. 481205,en,15,vilapati,vilapati,Vilapati,Vilapati,[vi+lapati] 1.to talk idly J.I,496.-- 2.to lament,wail Th.1,705; J.II,156; V,179; Miln.275; ThA.148 (Ap.v.66).(Page 635) ,8,1
  15271. 481239,en,15,vilara,viḷāra,Viḷāra,Viḷāra,at A.III,122 read as <i>biḷāra</i> (sasa-biḷārā rabbits &#38; cats).(Page 636) ,6,1
  15272. 481247,en,15,vilasa,vilāsa,Vilāsa,Vilāsa,[fr.vilasati] 1.charm,grace,beauty J.I,470; VI,43; Miln.201; ThA.78; PvA.3.-- <i>desanā°</i> beauty of instruction DA.I,67; Vism.524,541; Tikp 21.-- 2.dalliance,sporting,coquetry J.III,408; V,436.<i>vilāsa</i> is often coupled with <i>līlā</i> (q.v.).(Page 635) ,6,1
  15273. 481279,en,15,vilasati,vilasati,Vilasati,Vilasati,[vi+lasati] to play,dally,sport; to shine forth,to unfold splendour J.V,38 (of a tree “stand herrlich da” Dutoit),433 (of woman); VI,44 (of a tree,vilāsamāna T.).-- pp.<i>vilasita</i>.(Page 635) ,8,1
  15274. 481285,en,15,vilasavant,vilāsavant,Vilāsavant,Vilāsavant,(adj.) [fr.vilāsa] having splendour,grace or beauty Mhvs 29,25.(Page 635) ,10,1
  15275. 481303,en,15,vilasin,vilāsin,Vilāsin,Vilāsin,(adj.) [fr.vilāsa] shining forth,unfolding splendour,possessing charm or grace,charming DA.I,40 (vyāmapabhā parikkhepa-vilāsinī splendour shining over a radius of a vyāma).(Page 635) ,7,1
  15276. 481312,en,15,vilasita,vilasita,Vilasita,Vilasita,(adj.) [pp.of vilasati] shining; gay,playful,coquettish J.V,420.(Page 635) ,8,1
  15277. 481344,en,15,vilaya,vilaya,Vilaya,Vilaya,[vi+laya,cp.līyati] dissolution; <i>°ṁ gacchati</i>,as much as:“to be digested,” to be dissolved Miln.67.‹-› adj.dissolved,dispersed Dpvs.I,65.(Page 635) ,6,1
  15278. 481349,en,15,vilayhati,viḷayhati,Viḷayhati,Viḷayhati,[vi+dayhati] to burn (intrs.) J.II,220.(Page 636) ,9,1
  15279. 481355,en,15,vilekha,vilekha,Vilekha,Vilekha,[vi+lekha] perplexity,lit.“scratching” Vin.IV,143 (here as f.°ā); Dhs.1256 (mano°); DhsA.260.‹-› The more common word for “perplexity” is <i>vikkhepa</i>.(Page 636) ,7,1
  15280. 481387,en,15,vilepana,vilepana,Vilepana,Vilepana,(nt.) [vi+lepana] ointment,cosmetic,toilet perfume A.I,107,212; II,209; Th.1,616 (sīlaṁ v.seṭṭhaṁ.Cp.J.III,290); Pug.51,58; Pv.II,3<sup>16</sup>; DA.I,77,88.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15281. 481435,en,15,vilikhati,vilikhati,Vilikhati,Vilikhati,[vi+likhati] 1.to scrape,scratch S.I,124 (bhūmiṁ); IV,198; DhsA.260 (fig.<i>manaṁ v</i>.; in expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>vilekha</i>).-- 2.to scratch open Vin.II,175.-- pp.<i>vilikhita</i>.(Page 635) ,9,1
  15282. 481442,en,15,vilikhita,vilikhita,Vilikhita,Vilikhita,[pp.of vilikhati] scraped off SnA 207.(Page 635) ,9,1
  15283. 481483,en,15,vilimpati,vilimpati,Vilimpati,Vilimpati,[vi+limpati] to smear,anoint A.III,57; J.I,265 (ger.°itvā); III,277 (ppr.°anto):Pv.I,10<sup>6</sup> (ger °itvāna); PvA.62 (°itvā).-- pp.<i>vilitta</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>vilimpāpeti</i> to cause to be anointed J.I,50 (gandhehi),254 (id.).(Page 635) ,9,1
  15284. 481524,en,15,vilina,vilīna,Vilīna,Vilīna,(adj.) [vi+līna,pp.of vilīyati] 1.clinging,sticking [cp.līyati 1] Vin.I,209 (olīna° sticking all over).‹-› 2.matured (“digested”? cp.vilaya) J.IV,72 (nava°gosappi freshly matured ghee); Miln.301 (phalāni ripefruit).-- 3.[cp.līyati 2] molten,i.e.refined,purified J.IV,118 (tamba-loha° molten or liquid-hot copper); v.269 (tamba-loha°,id.; cp.C.on p.274; vilīnaṁ tambālohaṁ viya pakkaṭṭhitaṁ lohitaṁ pāyenti); DhsA.14 (°suvaṇṇa).-- Cp.<i>uttatta</i> in same sense and the expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>velli</i> as “uttatta-ghana-suvaṇṇa-rāsi-ppabbā” at J.V,506 C.(Page 636) ,6,1
  15285. 481557,en,15,vilitta,vilitta,Vilitta,Vilitta,[pp.of vilimpati] anointed D.I,104 (su-nahāta suvilitta kappita-kesa-massu); J.III,91; IV,442.(Page 635) ,7,1
  15286. 481573,en,15,viliva,vilīva,Vilīva,Vilīva, &#38; Viliva (adj.) [Kern,Toev.s.v.compares Sk,bilma slip,chip.Phonetically <i>viliva</i>=Sk.<i>bilva</i>:see <i>billa</i>] 1.made of split bamboo Vin.II,266 (i).-- 2.(ī) a chip of bamboo or any other reed,a slip of reed M.I,566 (Bdhgh on M.I,429); Vism.310 (°maya).(Page 636) ,6,1
  15287. 481583,en,15,vilivakara,vilīvakāra,Vilīvakāra,Vilīvakāra,[vilīva+kāra] a worker in bamboo,a basketmaker Vin.III,82; Miln.331; VbhA.222 (°ka in simile); PvA.175.(Page 636) ,10,1
  15288. 481601,en,15,vilivili,vilivili,Vilivili,Vilivili,(--kriyā) see <i>biḷibiḷikā</i>.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15289. 481610,en,15,viliyana,vilīyana,Vilīyana,Vilīyana,(nt.) [fr.vilīyati] melting,dissolution Sdhp.201.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15290. 481633,en,15,viliyati,vilīyati,Vilīyati,Vilīyati,[vi+līyati 2] to melt (intrs.),to be dissolved,to perish J.IV,498; Vism.420 (pabbata,spelling here with ḷ; Warren wrong “are hidden from view,” i.e.nilīyati); DhsA.336 (phānita-piṇḍa; trsl<sup>n</sup> not to the point:“reduced or pounded”); Sdhp.383; Pgdp 21.-- pp.<i>vilīna</i>.-- Cp.pa°.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15291. 481656,en,15,vilocana,vilocana,Vilocana,Vilocana,(nt.) [vi+locana] the eye Dāvs.I,41; ThA.253.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15292. 481667,en,15,vilokana,vilokana,Vilokana,Vilokana,(nt.) [vi+<em>lok</em> (<i>loc=</i><em>roc</em>),see loka &#38; rocati] looking,reflection,investigation,prognostication; usually as 5 objects of reflection as to when &#38; where &#38; how one shall be reborn (<i>pañca-mahā-°āni</i>),consisting in kāla,desa,dīpa,kula,mātā (the latter as janetti-āyu i.e.mother and her time of delivery at J.I,48) or time (right or wrong),continent,sky (orientation),family (or clan) and one’s (future) mother:J.I,48,49; DhA.I,84; as 8 at Miln.193,viz.kāla,dīpa,desa,kula,janetti,āyu,māsa,nekkhamma (i.e.the 5+period of gestation,month of his birthday,and his renunciation).Without special meaning at DA.I,194 (ālokana+).Cp.volokana.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15293. 481702,en,15,viloketar,viloketar,Viloketar,Viloketar,[n.ag.fr.viloketi] one who looks or inspects DA.I,194 (āloketar+).(Page 636) ,9,1
  15294. 481708,en,15,viloketi,viloketi,Viloketi,Viloketi,[vi+loketi,of <em>lok</em>,as in loka] to examine,study,inspect,scrutinize,reflect on Th.2,282; J.I,48,49; DhA.I,84; Miln.193; Mhvs 22,18.-- pp.<i>vilokita</i>.‹-› Cp.<i>pa°</i> &#38; vo°.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15295. 481729,en,15,vilokita,vilokita,Vilokita,Vilokita,(nt.) [pp.of viloketi] a look A.II,104,106 sq.210; Pug.44,45; DA.I,193; VvA.6 (ālokita+).(Page 636) ,8,1
  15296. 481738,en,15,vilolana,viloḷana,Viloḷana,Viloḷana,(nt.) [fr.vi+<em>luḷ</em>]<i> </i>&<i> Viloṭana</i> [fr.vi+<em>luḍ</em><i>;</i> cp.Whitney,Sanskrit Roots,1885,p.149,where themes &#38; their forms are given by <em>luṭh</em><i><sup>1</sup></i> to roll,<em>luṭh</em><i><sup>2</sup> </i>&<i> </i><em>luṇṭh</em> to rob,<em>luḍ</em> to stir up (some forms of it having meaning of <em>luṇṭh</em><i>)=</i><em>lul</em> to be lively] shaking,stirring; only found in lexicogr.literature as def<sup>n</sup> of several roots,viz.of <em>gāh</em> Dhtp 349; Dhtm 504; <em>math</em><i> </i>&<i> </i><em>manth</em> (see mathati) Dhtp 126; Dhtm 183.See also <i>luḷati</i>.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15297. 481750,en,15,viloleti,viloḷeti,Viloḷeti,Viloḷeti,[vi+loḷeti or loleti,cp.vilulita] to stir,to move about J.I,26; Dpvs VI,52.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15298. 481766,en,15,viloma,viloma,Viloma,Viloma,(adj.) [vi+loma] against the grain (lit.against the hair),discrepant,reversed,wrong,unnatural Vin.II,115 (of cīvara:unsightly); J.III,113; Dpvs VII.55; DhA.I,379; PvA.87.(Page 636) ,6,1
  15299. 481788,en,15,vilomana,vilomana,Vilomana,Vilomana,(nt.) [fr.viloma] discrepancy,disagreement,reverse DhsA.253.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15300. 481794,en,15,vilomata,vilomatā,Vilomatā,Vilomatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.viloma] unseemliness,repugnance SnA 106.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15301. 481811,en,15,vilometi,vilometi,Vilometi,Vilometi,[denom.fr.viloma] to dispute,disagree with,to find fault Nett 22; Miln.29,295; DhsA.253.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15302. 481832,en,15,vilopa,vilopa,Vilopa,Vilopa,[vi+lopa] plunder,pillage M.I,456 (maccha° fishhaul); J.I,7; III,8; VI,409; Dpvs IX.7 (°kamma).‹-› <i>vilopaṁ khādati</i> to live by plunder J.VI,131.(Page 636) ,6,1
  15303. 481839,en,15,vilopaka,vilopaka,Vilopaka,Vilopaka,(adj.) [fr.vilopa] plundering,living by plundering J.I,5; Miln.122 (f.°ikā).(Page 636) ,8,1
  15304. 481854,en,15,vilopiya,vilopiya,Vilopiya,Vilopiya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.vilopa] to be plundered; neg.<i>a°</i> Sdhp.311.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15305. 481868,en,15,vilugga,vilugga,Vilugga,Vilugga,(adj.) [vi+lugga] broken; only in redupl.-iter.cpd.<i>olugga-vilugga</i> all broken up,tumbling to pieces M.I,80,450.(Page 636) ,7,1
  15306. 481877,en,15,vilulita,vilulita,Vilulita,Vilulita,(adj.) [vi+luḷita; cp.BSk.vilulita Jtm 210] stirred,agitated,shaken,disturbed Dāvs.IV,54 (bhaya°citta).Cp.<i>viloḷeti</i>.(Page 636) ,8,1
  15307. 481887,en,15,vilumpaka,vilumpaka,Vilumpaka,Vilumpaka,(adj.) [fr.vi+<em>lup</em>] (act.or pass.) plundering or being plundered J.I,370 (°cora); II,239 (pass.).(Page 636) ,9,1
  15308. 481892,en,15,vilumpamana,vilumpamāna,Vilumpamāna,Vilumpamāna,(ka) [orig.ppr.med.of vilumpati] plundering,robbing J.V,254; PvA.4 (°ka cora).(Page 636) ,11,1
  15309. 481902,en,15,vilumpana,vilumpana,Vilumpana,Vilumpana,(nt.) [fr.vilumpati] plundering DhA.III,23.(Page 636) ,9,1
  15310. 481938,en,15,vilumpati,vilumpati,Vilumpati,Vilumpati,[vi+lumpati] to plunder,rob,steal,ruin S.I,85=J.II,239; V,99; Miln.193; VvA.100; DhA.III,23.-- Pass.<i>viluppati</i> J.V,254 (gloss for °lump° of p.253).-- pp.<i>vilutta</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>vilumpāpeti</i> to incite to plunder Miln.193; J.I,263.(Page 636) ,9,1
  15311. 481978,en,15,viluna,vilūna,Vilūna,Vilūna,(adj.) [vi+lūna] cut off (always with ref.to the hair) M.III,180=A.I,138; Miln.11; PvA.47.(Page 636) ,6,1
  15312. 482003,en,15,vilutta,vilutta,Vilutta,Vilutta,[pp.of vilumpati] plundered,stripped,robbed,ruined S.I,85=J.II,239; J.V,99; VI,44; Miln.303; Mhvs 33,71 (corehi).(Page 636) ,7,1
  15313. 482028,en,15,vimada,vimada,Vimada,Vimada,(adj.) [vi+mada] disintoxicated,without conceit J.V,158 (taken as “unconscious” by C.).(Page 630) ,6,1
  15314. 482036,en,15,vimaddana,vimaddana,Vimaddana,Vimaddana,(nt.) [vi+maddana] crushing,destroying VvA.232.(Page 630) ,9,1
  15315. 482059,en,15,vimajjana,vimajjana,Vimajjana,Vimajjana,(nt.) [fr.vi+majjati<sup>2</sup>] making smooth,polishing M.I,385.(Page 630) ,9,1
  15316. 482079,en,15,vimala,vimala,Vimala,Vimala,(adj.) [vi+mala] without stains,spotless,unstained,clean,pure A.IV,340; Sn.378,476,519,637,1131 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 586); J.I,18; Miln.324; DhA.IV,192.(Page 630) ,6,1
  15317. 482141,en,15,vimalayaka,vimalayaka,Vimalayaka,Vimalayaka,[cp.Sk.vimalaka] a certain precious stone of dark-blue colour VvA.111.(Page 630) ,10,1
  15318. 482149,en,15,vimamsa,vīmaṁsā,Vīmaṁsā,Vīmaṁsā,(f.) [fr.vīmaṁsati] consideration,examination,test,investigation,the fourth of the Iddhipādas,q.v.; D.III,77 (°samādhi),222; S.V,280; A.I,39,297; III,37,346; V,24,90,338; Ps.I,19; II,123; Kvu 508; Dhs.269; Vbh.219 (°samādhi),222,227; Tikp 2; Nett 16 (°samādhi),42; DA.I,106; SnA 349 (vīmaṁsa-kāra=saṅkheyya-kāra).-- Cp.<i>pari°</i>.(Page 644) ,7,1
  15319. 482162,en,15,vimamsaka,vīmaṁsaka,Vīmaṁsaka,Vīmaṁsaka,(adj.) [fr.vīmaṁsā] testing,investigating,examining S.III,6 sq.; Sn.827; Nd<sup>1</sup> 166; J.I,369.(Page 644) ,9,1
  15320. 482169,en,15,vimamsana,vīmaṁsana,Vīmaṁsana,Vīmaṁsana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.vīmaṁsati] trying,testing; finding out,experiment Vin.III,79; J.III,55; Mhvs 22,78; PvA.153.(Page 644) ,9,1
  15321. 482190,en,15,vimamsati,vīmaṁsati,Vīmaṁsati,Vīmaṁsati,(&<i>Vīmaṁseti</i>) [Vedic mīmāṁsate,Desid.of <i>man</i>.The P.form arose through dissimilation m›v,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.46,4] “to try to think,” to consider,examine,find out,investigate,test,trace,think over Sn.215 (°amāna),405; J.I,128,147,200; VI,334; Miln.143; PvA.145,215,272; Sdhp.91.-- ger.<i>°itvā</i> J.VI,368; Mhvs 5,36; PvA.155; inf.<i>°ituṁ</i> Mhvs 37,234; PvA.30,155,283 (sippaṁ).-- Caus.II,<i>vīmaṁsāpeti</i> to cause to investigate J.V,110.-- Cp.<i>pari°</i>.(Page 644) ,9,1
  15322. 482203,en,15,vimamsin,vīmaṁsin,Vīmaṁsin,Vīmaṁsin,=vīmaṁsaka Sn.877; Nd<sup>1</sup> 283; DA.I,106.(Page 644) ,8,1
  15323. 482217,en,15,vimana,vimana,Vimana,Vimana,(adj.) [vi+mano] 1.perplexed,consternated Miln.23,118; PvA.274.-- 2.infatuate Th.2,380.‹-› 3.distracted,distressed Th.1,1051; J.VI,523.(Page 630) ,6,1
  15324. 482227,en,15,vimana,vimāna,Vimāna,Vimāna,<sup>2</sup> [vi+māna] disrespect,contempt Sn.887 (°dassin showing contempt).(Page 632) ,6,1
  15325. 482228,en,15,vimana,vimāna,Vimāna,Vimāna,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [in the Pāli meaning not <i>Vedic</i>.Found in meaning “palace-chariot” in the Mbhārata and elsewhere in Epic Sk.] lit.covering a certain space,measuring; the def<sup>ns</sup> given by Dhpāla refer it to “without measure,” i.e.immeasurable.Thus=vigata-māne appamāṇe mahanta vara-pāsāda VvA.131;=visiṭṭhamānaṁ,pamāṇato mahantaṁ VvA.160.-- Appl<sup>d</sup> meaning:heavenly (magic) palace,a kind of paradise,elysium.-- 1.General remarks:(a) The notion of the vimāna is peculiar to the later,fantastic parts of the Canon,based on popular superstition (Vimāna &#38; Peta Vatthu,Apadāna,Jātaka and similar fairy tales).It shows distinct traces of foreign (Hellenic-Babylonian) influence and rests partly on tales of sea-faring merchants (cp.location of V.in mid-ocean).On the other hand it represents the old (Vedic) <i>ratha</i> as chariot of the gods,to be driven at will (cp.below 5,7,8).Thus at Vv 16 (here as 500 chariots!),36,63,64; J.I,59 (deva-vimānasadisa ratha).-- (b) The vimānas are in remote parts of the world (cp.the island of the blessed),similar to the elysium in Homer’s Odyssey,e.g.IV.563 sq.:s)e)s *)hluζion pedi/on kai peiρata gai/hs a)qάnatoi pemyousin etc.(trsl<sup>n</sup> G.Chapman:“the immortal ends of all the earth,the fields Elysian Fate to thee will give; where Rhadamanthus rules,and where men live a nevertroubled life,where snow,nor show’rs,nor irksome winter spends his fruitless pow’rs,but from the ocean zephyr still resumes a constant breath,that all the fields perfume”).Cp.Ehni,Yama p.206 sq.-- (c) In popular religion the influence of this eschatological literature has been very great,so great in fact as to make the Vimāna and Peta-vatthus &#38; the Jātakastories,exemplifying the theory of retribution as appealing to an ordinary mind by vivid examples of mythology,greater favourites than any other canonical book.From this point of view we have to judge Mhvs 14,58:Petavatthuṁ Vimānañ ca sacca-saṁyuttaṁ eva ca desesi thero ...-- 2.The descriptions of the Vimānas are in the most exuberant terms.The palaces (kingdoms in miniature) are of gold,crystal or exquisite jewels,their pillars are studded with gems,their glittering roofs are peaked with 700 pinnacled turrets (VvA.244,289; also as “innumerable” VvA.188,or 18,000 Ap.63).Surrounded are these towering (ucca) mansions by lovely,well-planned gardens,the paths of which are sprinkled with gold dust; they are full of wishing-trees,granting every desire.There is a variety of stately trees,bearing heavenly flowers &#38; fruit,swaying gently in delicious breezes.Lotus ponds with cool waters invite to refreshing baths; a host of birds mix their songs with the strains of cymbals and lutes,played by heavenly musicians.Angelic maidens perform their dances,filling the atmosphere with a radiant light which shines from their bodies.Peace and happiness reign everywhere,the joys of such a vimāna cannot be expressed in words.This elysium lasts for aeons (cira-ṭṭhitika Vv 80<sup>1</sup>,kappa-ṭṭhāyin Th.1,1190); in short it is the most heavenly paradise which can be imagined.-- For a monograph of vimāna the Vimāna Vatthu and its Commentary should in the first place be consulted.-- 3.The inhabitants of the Vimānas are usually happy persons (or yakkhas:see Stede,P.V.trsl.39--41),called <i>devatā</i>,who have attained to such an exalted state through their own merit (puñña see foll.4).-- Departed souls who have gone through the Petastage are frequently such devas (at Vv 17<sup>2</sup> called pubbadevatā).That these are liable to semi-punishment and semi-enjoyment is often emphasized,and is founded on the character of their respective kamma:J.I,240 (vimāna-petiyo sattāhaṁ sukhaṁ anubhavanti,sattāhaṁ dukkhaṁ); J.V,2 (vemānika-peta-bhavena-kammassa sarikkhako vipāko ahosi; i.e.by night pleasures; by day tortures); cp.Pv.II,12 (see Stede,Gespenstergeschichten des Peta Vatthu p.106),III,7<sup>8</sup>; PvA.204,210, &#38; Divy p.9.Expressions for these “mixed” devatās who are partly blessed,partly cursed are e.g.:<i>vimānapeta</i> PvA.145,148,271,275; f.<i>vimāna-petī</i> PvA.152,160,186,190; <i>vimāna devatā</i> PvA.190; <i>vemānika-peta</i> J.V,2; PvA.244; DhA.III,192 (as powerful,by the side of nāgas &#38; supaṇṇas).-- In their appearance they are like beautiful human beings,dressed in yellowish (pīta,expl<sup>d</sup> as “golden” robes (cp.the angels in the oldest Christian apocalyptic literature:on their relation to Hellenic ideas see e.g.A.Dieterich,Nekyia,Leipzig 1903,pp.10--18,29:red &#38; white the colours of the land of the blessed),with gold and silver as complementary outfit in person and surroundings.Thus throughout the Vimāna Vatthu,esp.Nos,36 &#38; 47 (pīta-vimāna).Their splendour is often likened to that of the moon or of the morning star.-- 4.Origin of Vimānas.A vimāna arises in the “other world” (paraloka) at the instant of somebody doing good (even during the lifetime of the doer) and waits for the entry of the owner:DhA.III,291 sq.In the description of the <i>vimāna</i> of the nāga-king (J.VI,315=Vv 84<sup>22</sup>) it is said on this subject:a vimāna is obtained neither without a cause (adhicca),nor has it arisen in the change of the seasons,nor is it self-made (sayaṅkata),nor given by the gods,but “sakehi kammehi apāpakehi puññehi laddha” (i.e.won by one’s own sinless &#38; meritorious deeds).-- Entering the Vimāna-paradise is,analogous to all semi-lethal passing over into enchanted conditions in fairy tales,compared with the awakening from sleep (as in a state of trance):sutta-ppabuddha DhA.III,7.Of the Vimāna itself it is said that it appears (pātur ahosi),e.g.VvA.188; DhA.I,131; or arises (uggañchi) DhA.III,291; VvA.221.-- 5.Location of the Vimānas.The “vimāna” is an individual paradisiacal state Therefore vimānas are not definitely located “Elysian Fields.” They are anywhere (in this world as well as in the Beyond),but certain places are more favourable for their establishment than others.Thus we may state that kat) e)coxήn they are found in the neighbourhood of water.Thus either in the Ocean (majjhe sāgarasmiṁ Th.1,1190; samudda-majjhe PvA.47),where access is possible only through adventures after shipwreck or similar causes (J.IV.1 sq.; Pv IV.11); or at one or the other of the great lakes of the Himavant (Pv.II,12).They are in out-of-the-way places (“end of the world”); they are also found in the wilderness:Vv 84; Pv IV.3<sup>2</sup>.As tree-vimānas with rukkha-devatā as inhabitants they occur e.g.at J.III,310; V,502; Pv.I,9; II,9; PvA.244.Very often they are phantasmagorical castles in the air.By special power of their inhabitants they may be transported to any place at will.This faculty of transference is combined with the ability of extremely swift motion (compared to the speed of thought:manojava).Thus a golden palanquin is suspended in mid-air above a palace at VvA.6 (ākāsa-cārin,sīgha-java).They are said to be <i>ākāsaṭṭhānāni</i> J.VI,117; SnA 222,370 (but the palace of the Yakkha Āḷavaka is bhumma-ṭṭha,i.e.stands on the ground,and is described as fortified:SnA 222).The place of a (flying) vimāna may be taken by various conveyances:a chair,an elephant,ship,bed,litter etc.Or the location of it in the other world is in the Cittalatāvana (Vv 37),or the Pāricchattaka tree (Vv 38),or in the Cātummahārājika-bhavana (VvA.331).-- Later on,when the theory of meritorious deities (or departed souls raised to special rank) as <i>vemānikā devā</i> was established,their abode was with their vimānas settled among the Tāvatiṁsa (e.g.VvA.188,217,221,244,289; DhA.III,291),or in the Tusita heaven.Thus <i>Tusita-pura</i> interchanges with <i>Tusita-vimāna</i> at DhA.II,208.The latter occurs e.g.at DhA.III,173,219.‹-› 6.The dimensions of the Vimānas are of course enormous,but harmonious (being “divine”),i.e.either of equal extent in all directions,or specially proportioned with significant numbers.Of these the foll.may be mentioned.The typical numbers of greatest frequency are 12,16,30,700,in connection with <i>yojana</i>.The dimensions,with ref.to which 12 &#38; 16 are used,are length,width,height, &#38; girth,whereas 700 applies usually to the height (DhA III 291 e.g.where it is said to be “over 700”),and the number of turrets (see above 2).At VvA.267 (satta-yojana-pamāṇo ratho) No.7 is used for 700; No.30 (extent) is found e.g.at DhA.III,7; ThA.55; No.12 e.g.at J.VI,116; DhA.III,291; VvA.6,217,221,244,246,291 sq.; No.16 at VvA.188,289.-- 7.Vimānas of sun and moon.A peculiar (late?) idea is that sun and moon have their vimānas (cp.Vedic ratha=sun).There are only very few passages in the post-canonical books mentioning these.The idea that the celestial bodies are vimānas (“immense chariots in the shape of open hemispheres” Kirfel,Kosmographie der Inder p.282) is essentially Jainistic.See on Jain Vimānas in general Kirfel,l.c.pp.7--9,292--300.-- In the Pāli Com.we find SnA 187,188 (canda-vimānaṁ bhinditvā=breaking up the moon’s palace,i.e.the moon itself); and DhA.III,99 (candimasuriyā vimānāni gahetvā aṭṭhaṁsu).-- 8.Other terms for vimāna,and specifications.Var.other expressions are used more frequently for <i>vimāna</i> in general.Among these are <i>ratha</i> (see above 1 a); <i>nagara</i> (Pv.II,12<sup>5</sup>); <i>pura</i> (see above 5,as tusita°); <i>pāsāda;</i> either as <i>dibba°</i> (DhA.III,291),or <i>vara°</i> (VvA.130),or <i>vimāna°</i> (Vv 31<sup>10</sup>).-- The vimānas are specified as <i>deva-vimāna</i> “heavenly palace,” e.g.J.I,59; Vism.342; VvA.173; or (in a still more superlative expression) brahmavimāna,i.e.best or most excellent magic palace,highest paradise,e.g.D.I,17 (here perhaps “palace of Brahmā”); III,28 (“abode of brahmās” Rh.D.); It.15; Vism.108.The latter expression is abbreviated to <i>brahma</i> (nt.) “highest,best thing of all,” “summum bonum,” paradise,magic palace:ThA.47 (Ap.v.6) &#38; 55 (Ap.v.8),at both places as <i>sukataṁ</i>,i.e.well made.--A rather odd expression for the paradisiacal state (in concrete form) is <i>attabhāva</i> (existence,cp.Gr.biotή Hom.Od.IV.365?) instead of <i>vimāna</i>,e.g.DhA.I,131 (tigāvuta-ppamāṇa); III,7 (id.).-- 9.Various.Of innumerable passages in the books mentioned above (under 1) only the foll.may be given for ref.:J.III,310 398,405; V,165,171; VI,117 sq.120 sq.; Ap 35,55,59; Dāvs.IV,54 (acalaṁ v.antalikkhamhi nāvaṁ gativirahitaṁ ambhorāsi-majjhamhi disvā); and <i>Vimāna Vatthu</i> throughout.Of passages in the 4 older Nikāyas we have only A.II,33 (ye devā dīgh’āyukā uccesu vimānesu cira-ṭṭhitikā).At S.I,12=23 we should read “na ca mānaṁ” for “na vimānaṁ” (K.S.I.18).(Page 630) ,6,1
  15326. 482256,en,15,vimanana,vimānana,Vimānana,Vimānana,(nt.) [vi+mānana] disrespect,contempt D.III,190 (a°); Miln.377,386.(Page 632) ,8,1
  15327. 482306,en,15,vimaneti,vimāneti,Vimāneti,Vimāneti,[vi+māneti] to disrespect,to treat with contempt Vin.II,260; Sn.888; Nd<sup>1</sup> 297.-- pp.<i>vimānita</i>.(Page 632) ,8,1
  15328. 482318,en,15,vimanita,vimānita,Vimānita,Vimānita,[pp.of vimāneti] treated with contempt A.III,158,160.(Page 632) ,8,1
  15329. 482327,en,15,vimariyadikata,vimariyādikata,Vimariyādikata,Vimariyādikata,(adj.) [vi+mariyādā+kata] lit.made unrestricted,i.e.delivered,set free S.II,173; III,31 (vippamutto °ena cetasā viharati); VI,11; A.V,151 sq.-- At Th.1,184 v.l.for <i>vipariyādi°</i>.(Page 630) ,14,1
  15330. 482335,en,15,vimata,vimata,Vimata,Vimata,(adj.) [fr.vi+<em>man</em>] perplexed,in doubt J.V,340.(Page 630) ,6,1
  15331. 482348,en,15,vimati,vimati,Vimati,Vimati,(f.) [vi+mati] doubt,perplexity,consternation D.I,105; S.IV,327; A.II,79,185; Ap 29; Dhs.425; J.III,522; Miln.119,144,339; DA.I,274.(Page 630) ,6,1
  15332. 482404,en,15,vimattha,vimaṭṭha,Vimaṭṭha,Vimaṭṭha,(adj.) [vi+maṭṭha] smoothed,soft,smooth,polished J.V,96 (°ābharana),(C.expl<sup>s</sup> as “visāla”),204,400 (of ornaments).--<i>ubhato-bhāga°</i> polished or smooth on both sides M.I,385; A.V,61=M.II,13 (has °maddha).(Page 630) ,8,1
  15333. 482417,en,15,vimba,vimba,Vimba,Vimba,is another spelling for bimba at S.V,217.Cp.BSk.vimbaka (form of face) Divy 172,525.(Page 632) ,5,1
  15334. 482424,en,15,vimhapaka,vimhāpaka,Vimhāpaka,Vimhāpaka,(adj.) [fr.vimhāpati] deceiving,dismaying SnA 549 (=kuhaka).(Page 632) ,9,1
  15335. 482430,en,15,vimhapana,vimhāpana,Vimhāpana,Vimhāpana,(nt.) [fr.vimhāpeti] dismaying,deceiving disappointing Vism.24 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of kuhana); Dhtp 633 (id.).(Page 632) ,9,1
  15336. 482454,en,15,vimhapeti,vimhāpeti,Vimhāpeti,Vimhāpeti,[Caus.of *vimhayati=vi+<em>smi</em>] to astonish,to cause dismay to,to deceive Mhvs 17,44; DA.I,91 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of kuhaka).(Page 632) ,9,1
  15337. 482473,en,15,vimhaya,vimhaya,Vimhaya,Vimhaya,[cp.Sk.vismaya,vi+<em>smi</em>] astonishment,surprise,disappointment J.V,69 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of vyamhita); Mhvs 5,92; SnA 42 (explaining “vata”),256 (do.for “ve”=aho); DA.I,43; VvA.234,329.(Page 632) ,7,1
  15338. 482530,en,15,vimhita,vimhita,Vimhita,Vimhita,(adj.) [pp.of vi+smi,cp.mihita] astonished,discouraged,dismayed J.VI,270 (su° very dismayed); Miln.122; Mhvs 6,19; Dāvs II.80.See also vyamhita.(Page 632) ,7,1
  15339. 482581,en,15,vimocana,vimocana,Vimocana,Vimocana,(nt.) [vi+mocana] 1.letting loose,discharging Dhtm 216 (assu°).-- 2.release from,doing away with Mhvs 35,73 (antarāya°).(Page 632) ,8,1
  15340. 482618,en,15,vimoceti,vimoceti,Vimoceti,Vimoceti,see <i>vimuccati</i>.(Page 632) ,8,1
  15341. 482649,en,15,vimohita,vimohita,Vimohita,Vimohita,[pp.of vi+moheti] deluded,bewildered Sdhp.363.(Page 632) ,8,1
  15342. 482660,en,15,vimokkha,vimokkha,Vimokkha,Vimokkha,( &#38; Vimokha) [fr.vi+<em>muc</em>,cp.mokkha<sup>1</sup>] deliverance,release,emancipation,dissociation from the things of the world,Arahantship D.II,70,111); III,34,35,230,288; M.I,196 (samaya° &#38; asamaya°); S.I,159 (cetaso v.); II,53,123; III,121; IV,33; A.II,87; IV,316; V,11; Vin.V,164 (cittassa); Sn.1071 (which Nd<sup>2</sup> 588 expl<sup>s</sup> as “agga” etc.thus strangely taking it in meaning of mokkha<sup>2</sup>,perhaps as edifying etym.); Nd<sup>2</sup> 466 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of Bhagavā); Ps.I,22; II,35 (as 68!),243; Pug.11 sq.; Vbh.342; Dhs.248; Nett 90,100,119,126; Vism.13,668 sq.; Miln.159; PvA.98; Sdhp.34,264.‹-› The three vimokkhas are:<i>suññato v</i>.<i> animitto v</i>.<i> appaṇihito v</i>.Ps.II,35; Vism.658.The eight vimokkhas or stages of emancipation,are:the condition of <i>rūpī</i>,<i> arūpa-saññī</i>,recognition of <i>subha</i>,realization of <i>ākāsânañc’āyatana</i>,of <i>viññāṇ’ânañc’āyatana</i>,<i> ākiñcaññ’āyatana</i>,<i> neva-saññā-n’âsaññ’āyatana</i>,<i> saññāvedayita-nirodha</i> D.III,262 (cp.Dial.III,242),A.I,40; IV,306; Vbh.342; expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at Ps.II,38--40.[cp.BSk.aṣṭau vimokṣāḥ,e.g.AvŚ II.69,153.] -- In sequence <i>jhāna vimokkha samādhi samāpatti (magga phala)</i> at Vin.I,97,104; III,91; IV,25; A.III,417,419; V,34,38; Vbh.342.-- See also <i>jhāna</i>.(Page 632) ,8,1
  15343. 482817,en,15,vimuccati,vimuccati,Vimuccati,Vimuccati,[vi+muccati,Pass.of muñcati] to be released,to be free (of passion),to be emancipated M.I,352; S.II,94,124; III,46,189; IV,86; V,218; A.IV,126 sq.135,179; Sn.755; Pug.61,68; Sdhp.613.-- aor.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>vimucciṁsu</i> Sn.p.149.-- pp.<i>vimutta</i>.See also <i>(an)upādā </i>&<i> (an)upādāya</i>.-- Caus.<i>vimoceti</i> to cause to be released or emancipated,to set free A.II,196 (cittaṁ); Vin.III,70 (id.).-- grd.<i>vimocanīya</i> A.II,196.(Page 632) ,9,1
  15344. 482863,en,15,vimukha,vimukha,Vimukha,Vimukha,(adj.) [vi+mukha] turning away from,averted,neglectful Mhvs 22,80; PvA.3 (dhamma-saññā°),269 (carita°).(Page 632) ,7,1
  15345. 482920,en,15,vimutta,vimutta,Vimutta,Vimutta,[pp.of vimuñcati] freed,released,intellectually emancipated Vin.I,8; A.IV,75,179,340; V,29; D.III,97,100,133,258; S.I,23,35; III,13,53,137; Sn.354,475,522,877,1071 sq.1101,1114; Nd<sup>1</sup> 283; Nd<sup>2</sup> 587; Pv IV.1<sup>32</sup> (arahā+); Vism.410.-- Often as <i>cittaṁ v</i>.an emancipated heart,e.g.D.I,80; A.III,21; S.I,46,141; III,90; IV,164; V,157 (here taken by Mrs.Rh.D.at S VI,93,Index,as “unregulated,distrait”); Sn.975; Nd<sup>1</sup> 284; Vbh.197.<i>ubhatobhāga°</i> emancipated in both ways (see Dial II.70) D.II,71; III,105,253; S.I,191; A.I,73; IV,10,77,453; V,23; M.I,439,477 sq.-- <i>paññā°</i>,emancipated by insight,freed by reason (see Dial.II.68) S.I,191; II,123; D.II,70; III,105,254; M.I,439,477.--<i>saddhā°</i> freed by faith A.I,73; IV,10,77; V,23; Ps.II,52; M.I,439,477.--<i>anupādā vimutta</i> freed without any further clinging to the world M.I,486; S.II,18; III,59; IV,83 and passim.<br><br> <i>--atta</i> having an emancipated self S.III,46,55,58; A.IV,428.<i>--āyatana</i> point or occasion of emancipation,of which there are 5,viz.hearing the Dhamma taught by the Master,teaching it oneself,reciting it,pondering over it,understanding it A.III,21 sq.; D.III,241,279; Ps.I,5.(Page 632) ,7,1
  15346. 483016,en,15,vimutti,vimutti,Vimutti,Vimutti,(f.) [fr.vimuccati] release,deliverance,emancipation D.I,174; III,288; S.V,206 sq.(abhijānāti),222 (ariya°),266,356; A.II,247,III,165 (yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti),242,Sn.54,73,725 sq.; J.I,77,78,80; Ps.I,22; II,143 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 21; Pug.27,54 sq.; Vbh.86,272 sq.392 (micchā°) Nett 29; Vism.410; Sdhp.614.-- <i>ceto° (</i>&<i> paññā°)</i> emancipation of heart (and reason) D.I,156; III,78,108,247 sq.273; S.I,120; II,214; IV,119 sq.; V,118 sq.289 sq.; A.I,123 sq.220 sq.; 243; II,36,87,214; III,20,131,400; IV,83,314 sq.; V,10 sq.; Vbh.344; Nett 40,43,81 sq.127.--<i>sammā°</i> right or true emancipation A.II,222 sq.; V,327; Ps.I,107; II,173.-- See also arahatta,upekkhā,khandha II.A,dassana,phala,mettā.<br><br> <i>--rasa</i> the essence of emancipation A.I,36; IV,203; PvA.287.<i>--sāra</i> substance or essence of emancipation A.II,141,243; IV,385.(Page 632) ,7,1
  15347. 483286,en,15,vina,vinā,Vinā,Vinā,(indecl.) [Vedic vinā=vi-nā (i.e.“not so”),of pron.base Idg.*no (cp.nānā “so &#38; so”),as in Sk.ca-na,Lat.ego-ne,pō-ne behind,etc.See na<sup>1</sup>] without,used as prep.(or post-position) with (usually) Instr.e.g.Vin.II,132 (vinā daṇḍena without a support); PvA.152 (purisehi vinā without men); or Abl.e.g.Sn.589 (ñāti saṅghā <i>vinā hoti</i> is separated from his relatives; cp.BSk.vinābhavati MVastu I.243); or Acc.e.g.Mhvs 3,10 (na sakkā hi taṁ vinā).In comp<sup>n</sup> <i>vinā-bhāva</i> separation [cp.BSk.vinābhāva MVastu II.141] Sn.588,805; Nd<sup>1</sup> 122; J.III,95; IV,155; V,180; VI,482 (=viyoga C.).(Page 624) ,4,1
  15348. 483295,en,15,vina,vīṇā,Vīṇā,Vīṇā,(f.) [cp.Vedic vīṇā] the Indian lute,mandoline S.I,122=Sn.449 (kacchā bhassati “let the lyre slide down from hollow of his arm” K.S.I.153); Th.1,467; S.IV,196 (six parts); A.III,375; J.III,91; V,196,281 (named Kokanada “wolf’s howl”); VI,465=580; Vv 64<sup>19</sup>; 81<sup>10</sup>; Miln.53 (all its var.parts); VvA.138,161,210; PvA.151.-- <i>vīṇaṁ vādeti</i> to play the lute Mhvs 31,82; ThA.203.<br><br> <i>--daṇḍaka</i> the neck of a lute J.II,225.<i>--doṇikā</i> the sounding board of a lute (cp.doṇī<sup>1</sup> 4) Vism.251; VbhA.234; KhA 45.(Page 643) ,4,1
  15349. 483324,en,15,vinadati,vinadati,Vinadati,Vinadati,[vi+nadati] to cry or shout out,to scold J.III,147 (kāmaṁ vinadantu let them shout!).Cp.BSk.vinādita “reviled” Divy 540.(Page 623) ,8,1
  15350. 483330,en,15,vinaddha,vinaddha,Vinaddha,Vinaddha,[pp.of vinandhati] covered,bound,intertwined Vin.I,194 (camma°,onaddha+); J.V,416; VI,589 (kañcanalatā° bheri); Vism.1 (=jaṭita saṁsibbita).(Page 623) ,8,1
  15351. 483371,en,15,vinalikata,vinaḷīkata,Vinaḷīkata,Vinaḷīkata,(adj.) [vi+naḷa+kata,with naḷī for naḷa in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>kṛ</i>] lit.“having the reed or stem removed,” rendered useless,destroyed M.I,227; A.II,39; Sn.542 (=ucchinna SnA 435); Th.1,216; J.VI,60 (viddhasta+,as at Sn.542).(Page 623) ,10,1
  15352. 483378,en,15,vinama,vināma,Vināma,Vināma,(m.) &#38; <i>Vināmana</i> (nt.) [fr.vināmeti] bending Miln.352 (°na); VbhA.272 (kāya-vināmanā,bending the body for the purpose of getting up; in expl<sup>n</sup> of vijambhikā); Dhtp 208.(Page 624) ,6,1
  15353. 483404,en,15,vinameti,vināmeti,Vināmeti,Vināmeti,[vi+nāmeti; Caus.of namati] to bend,twist Miln.107,118.(Page 624) ,8,1
  15354. 483440,en,15,vinandhana,vinandhana,Vinandhana,Vinandhana,(nt.) [fr.vi+nandhati] tying,binding Vin.II,116 (°rajju rope for binding).(Page 623) ,10,1
  15355. 483463,en,15,vinandhati,vinandhati,Vinandhati,Vinandhati,[vi+nandhati] to close,encircle,cover Mhvs 19,48; Vism.253 (ppr.vinandhamāna:so read for vinaddh°).-- pp.<i>vinaddha</i>.(Page 623) ,10,1
  15356. 483501,en,15,vinasa,vināsa,Vināsa,Vināsa,[vi+nāsa,of <em>naś</em>] destruction,ruin,loss D.I,34 (+uccheda &#38; vibhava),55; Pv.II,7<sup>10</sup>; Vism.427 (so read for vinasa); DA.I,120; PvA.102 (dhana°),133.(Page 624) ,6,1
  15357. 483546,en,15,vinasaka,vināsaka,Vināsaka,Vināsaka,(°ika) (adj.) [fr.vināsa] causing ruin; only neg.<i>a°</i> not causing destruction A.III,38; IV,266,270; J.V,116.(Page 624) ,8,1
  15358. 483572,en,15,vinasana,vināsana,Vināsana,Vināsana,(adj.) [fr.vināsa],only neg.<i>a°</i> imperishable Dpvs.IV,16.(Page 624) ,8,1
  15359. 483690,en,15,vinaseti,vināseti,Vināseti,Vināseti,[Caus.of vinassati] 1.to cause destruction,to destroy,ruin,spoil Th.1,1027; Sn.106; Pv.II,7<sup>8</sup>; DA.I,211; PvA.3 (dhanaṁ),116; Sdhp.59,314,546.‹-› 2.to drive out of the country,to expel,banish J.IV,200.(Page 624) ,8,1
  15360. 483782,en,15,vinassati,vinassati,Vinassati,Vinassati,[vi+nassati] to be lost; to perish,to be destroyed S.IV,309; M.II,108 (imper.vinassa “away with you”); J.III,351; V,468; Pv III,4<sup>5</sup>; Vism.427.-- pp.<i>vinaṭṭha</i>.Caus.<i>vināseti</i>.(Page 623) ,9,1
  15361. 483828,en,15,vinata,vinata,Vinata,Vinata,[pp.of vi+<em>nam</em>] bent,bending PvA.154 (°sākhā).(Page 623) ,6,1
  15362. 483858,en,15,vinati,vināti,Vināti,Vināti,[<em>vi</em>,by-form of <em>vā</em> to weave:see vāyati<sup>1</sup>] to weave J.II,302; DhA.I,428 (tantaṁ); inf.<i>vetuṁ</i> Vin.II,150.‹-› Pass.<i>viyyati</i>.Cp.<i>upavīyati</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>vināpeti</i> to order to be woven Vin.III,259 (=vāyāpeti).(Page 624) ,6,1
  15363. 483868,en,15,vinattha,vinaṭṭha,Vinaṭṭha,Vinaṭṭha,[pp.of vinassati] destroyed VvA.265; PvA.55.(Page 623) ,8,1
  15364. 483947,en,15,vinaya,vinaya,Vinaya,Vinaya,[fr.vi+<em>nī</em>,cp.vineti] 1.driving out,abolishing destruction,removal Vin.I,3 (asmi-mānassa),235= III,3 (akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ vinayāya dhammaṁ desemi); S.I,40; Sn.921; A.I,91 (kodha°,upanāha°); II,34 (pipāsa°); IV,15 (icchā°); V,165 (id.); SnA 12; PvA.114 (atthassa mūlaṁ nikati°).Often in phrase <i>rāga°</i>,<i> dosa°</i>,<i> moha°</i>,e.g.S.IV,7 sq.; V,137 sq.241; A.IV,175; Nett 22.-- 2.rule (in logic),way of saying or judging,sense,terminology (cp.iminā nayena) S.IV,95 (ariyassa vinaye vuccati loko); A.I,163 (ariyassa vinaye tevijjo one called a threefold wise in the nomenclature of the Buddhist); II,166 (ariyassa v.); SnA 403.-- 3.norm of conduct,ethics,morality,good behaviour Sn.916,974; J.IV,241 (=ācāra-vinaya C.); A.II,112; III,353 sq.(ariya-vinaye saddhā yassa patiṭṭhitā etc.faith established in Buddhist ethics).-- 4.code of ethics,monastic discipline,rule,rules of morality or of canon law.In this sense applied to the large collection of rules which grew up in the monastic life and habits of the bhikkhus and which form the ecclesiastical introduction to the “Dhamma,” the “doctrine,” or theoretical,philosophical part of the Buddhist Canon.The history &#38; importance of the Vinaya Piṭaka will be dealt with under the title “Vinaya” in the Dictionary of Names.Only a few refs.must suffice here to give a general idea.See also under <i>Dhamma</i> C.and in detail Geiger,Dhamma pp.55--58.-- Often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>dhamma</i>:dhammato vinayato ca on the ground of Dh.and V.Vin.I,337; cp.II.247.-- dhammo ca vinayo ca Vin.I,356; II,285,302; or (as (Dvandva) <i>dhammavinaya</i> (i.e.the teaching of the Buddha in its completeness) D.I,229; Vin.II,237 sq.; M.I,284; II,181 sq.; A.I,283; III,297,327; S.I,9; III,65; Ud.53; VvA.3.Often approaches the meaning of “Buddhist order,” e.g.Vin.I,69; D.I,176; M.I,68,459,480; III,127; S.II,120; A.I,185; II,123; V,122.-- See further Vin.II,96 (vinaye cheko hoti); A.II,168 (ayaṁ dhammo,ayaṁ v.idaṁ Satthu-sāsanaṁ); Vism.522; VbhA.273; KhA 106,151; SnA 4,195,310.--<i>a-vinaya</i> one who sins against the V.(like a-dhamma one who neglects the Dh.) Vin.II,295 sq.; III,174; A.I,18; V,73 sq.-- The division of the books of the <i>Vinaya</i> is given at DhsA.18.Its character (as shown by its name) is given in the foll.verse at DhsA.19:“(vividha-visesa-) nayattā vinayanato c’eva kāya-vācānaṁ vinayy’attha-vidūhi ayaṁ vinayo Vinayo ti akkhāto,” i.e.“Because it shows precepts &#38; principles,and governs both deed and word,therefore men call this scripture V.for so is V.interpreted” (Expos.I.23).<br><br> <i>--aṭṭhakathā</i> the (old) commentary on the Vinaya Vism.72,272; VbhA.334; KhA 97.<i>--ânuggaha</i> taking up (i.e.following the rules) of the Vinaya Vin.III,21; A.I,98,100; V,70.<i>--kathā</i> exposition of the Vinaya Vin.IV,142.<i>--dhara</i> one who knows or masters the V.by heart,an expert in the V.Vin.I,169; II,299 (with dhamma-dhara &#38; mātikā-dhara); A.I,25; II,147; III,78 sq.179,361; IV,140 sq.; V,10 sq.; J.III,486; IV,219; Vism.41,72; KhA 151; DhA.II,30 (with dhamma --kathika &#38; dhuta-vāda) [cp.BSk.vinayadhara Divy 21].<i>--piṭaka</i> the V.Piṭaka KhA1 2,97; VbhA.431.<i>--vatthu</i> chapter of the V.Vin.II,307.<i>--vādin</i> one who professes the V.(or “speaking in accordance with the rules of conduct”),a V.-follower D.I,4 (here expl<sup>d</sup> by Bdhgh as “saṁvara-vinaya-pahāna-vinaya sannissitaṁ katvā vadatī ti” v.DA.I,76,thus taking it as vinaya 3) =M.III,49=Pug.58 (trsl<sup>n</sup> here:“speaking according to self-control”); D.III,135,175.(Page 623) ,6,1
  15365. 484064,en,15,vinayaka,vināyaka,Vināyaka,Vināyaka,[fr.vi+<em>nī</em>] 1.a leader,guide,instructor M.II,94; Vv 16<sup>7</sup> (=veneyya-satte vineti VvA.83); ThA.69.‹-› 2.a judge J.III,336.(Page 624) ,8,1
  15366. 484127,en,15,vinayana,vinayana,Vinayana,Vinayana,(nt.) [fr.vi+<em>nī</em>] 1.removing,removal Miln.318 (pipāsā°); PvA.39 (soka°).-- 2.instruction,discipline,setting an example J.V,457 (conversion); Miln.220.(Page 623) ,8,1
  15367. 484323,en,15,vinayati,vinayati,Vinayati,Vinayati,see <i>vineti</i>.(Page 623) ,8,1
  15368. 484481,en,15,vindati,vindati,Vindati,Vindati,[<em>vid</em>,both in meaning “to know” &#38; “to find”; cp.Gr.ei]_don I saw,oi]_da I know=Sk.veda “Veda,” ei)/dwlon “idol”; Vedic vindati to find,vetti to know,vidyā knowledge; Goth.witan to observe &#38; know= Ger.wissen; Goth.weis=E.wise,etc.for which see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.video] the Vedic differentiations <i>vetti</i> “to know” and <i>vindati</i> “to find” are both in Pāli,but only in sporadic forms,some of which are archaic and therefore only found in poetry.Of <em>vid</em> are more frequent the Pass.<i>vijjati</i> and derivations fr.the Caus.<i>ved°</i>.The root <em>vind</em> occurs only in the present tense and its derivations.-- A.<em>vid</em> to know,to ascertain:The old Vedic pres.<i>vetti</i> only at Th.1,497 (spelt veti).Another old aor.is <i>vedi</i> [Sk.ayedīt] Dh.419,423; J.III,420 (=aññāsi); IV,35 (here perhaps as aor.to Caus.<i>vedeti:</i> to cause to know or feel).Remnants of the old perfect tense 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.[Sk.viduḥ] are <i>vidū </i>&<i> viduṁ</i> (appears as <i>vidu</i> in verse),e.g.at Th.1,497; Sn.758; Pv.II,7<sup>4</sup> (=jānanti PvA.102); J.V,62 (=vijānanti C.); Mhvs 23,78.The old participle of the same tense is <i>vidvā</i> [=Sk.vidvān; cp.Geiger P.Gr.100<sup>2</sup>] in meaning “wise” Sn.792,897,1056,1060; expl<sup>d</sup> as vijjāgato ñāṇī vibhāvī medhāvī at Nd<sup>1</sup> 93,308; Nd<sup>2</sup> 575.Opp.<i>avidvā</i> Sn.535; M.I,311.-- Younger forms are a reconstructed (grammatical) pres.<i>vidati</i> DA.I,139; ger.<i>viditvā</i> S.V,193; Sn.353,365,581,1053,1068 and pp.<i>vidita</i> (q.v.).-- Pass.<i>vijjati</i> to be found,to be known,to exist; very frequent,e.g.Sn.20 (pl.vijjare),21,431,611,856,1001,1026; Th.1,132; D.I,18; Pv.I,5<sup>6</sup>; II,3<sup>18</sup> (spelt vijjite!) II.9<sup>14</sup> (=atthi C.); 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.pret.<i>vijjittha</i> Sn.1098 (mā v.=saṁvijjittha Nd<sup>2</sup> 568).ppr.<i>vijjamāna</i> existing J.I,214; III,127; PvA.25,87,103; Miln.216 (Gen.pl.vijjamānataṁ).‹-› Caus.<i>vedeti</i>; Pass.Caus.<i>vediyati</i>; grd.<i>vedanīya:</i> see separately,with other derivations.-- B.<i>vind</i> to find,possess,enjoy (cp.vitta<sup>1</sup>,vitta<sup>2</sup>,vitti) Sn.187 (vindate dhanaṁ),658; Th.1,551; 2,79 (aor.vindi); J.VI,508 (vindate,med.=look for,try to find for oneself); Mhvs 1,13 (ppr.vindaṁ); DhA.III,128 (ppr.vindanto),410.PvA.60,77.-- inf.<i>vindituṁ</i> Miln.122; J 18; grd; <i>vindiya</i> Vism.526 (as avindiya in expl<sup>n</sup> of avijjā).‹-› Cp.<i>nibbindati</i>.-- pp.<i>vitta<sup>1</sup></i> (for which <i>adhigata</i> in lit.meaning).(Page 625) ,7,1
  15369. 484550,en,15,vindussara,vindussara,Vindussara,Vindussara,is v.l.of <i>bindu°</i> (q.v.).(Page 626) ,10,1
  15370. 484594,en,15,vinetar,vinetar,Vinetar,Vinetar,[n.ag.fr.vineti] teacher,instructor,guide Sn.484; Ps.II,194 (netar,vinetar,anunetar); J.IV,320.(Page 625) ,7,1
  15371. 484602,en,15,vineti,vineti,Vineti,Vineti,[vi+neti; cp.vinaya] 1.to remove,put away,give up.-- ppr.<i>vinayaṁ</i> J.VI,499; Pot.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>vinayetha</i> Sn.361, &#38; <i>vineyya</i> Sn.590; imper.<i>vinaya</i> Sn.1098, &#38; <i>vinayassu</i> Sn.559.-- ger.<i>vineyya</i> Sn.58 (but taken as Pot.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 577<sup>b</sup>); Pv.II,3<sup>34</sup> (macchera-malaṁ); <i>vinetvā</i> J.V,403 (chandaṁ); <i>vinayitvā</i> VvA.156, &#38; <i>vinayitvāna</i> Sn.485 (bhakuṭiṁ).-- 2.to lead,guide,instruct,train,educate A.III,106 (inf.<i>vinetuṁ</i>); S.IV,105 (Pot.<i>vineyyaṁ</i> &#38; fut.<i>vinessati</i>); aor.<i>vinesi</i> Miln.13 (Abhidhamme); ger.<i>vinayitvāna</i> ThA.69 (Ap.v.10); grd.<i>vinetabba</i> SnA 464, &#38; <i>vineyya</i> Miln.12; cp.<i>veneyya</i>.-- pp.<i>vinīta</i>.(Page 625) ,6,1
  15372. 484698,en,15,vinibaddha,vinibaddha,Vinibaddha,Vinibaddha,(adj.) [vi+nibaddha] bound (to) S.I,20; III,9; A.III,311 (chanda-rāga°); IV,289 (id.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 30 (+lagga etc.).(Page 624) ,10,1
  15373. 484713,en,15,vinibandha,vinibandha,Vinibandha,Vinibandha,[vi+nibandha] bondage S.II,17; III,135,186; A.I,66 (+vinivesa); Sn.16.-- The five <i>cetaso vinibandhā</i> (bondages of the mind) are:kāmesu rāgo,kāye rāgo,rūpe rāgo,yāvadatthaṁ udar’âvadehakaṁ bhuñjitvā seyya-sukhaṁ anuyogo,aññataraṁ deva-nikāyaṁ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṁ; thus at D.III,238; M.I,103; A.III,249; IV,461,463 sq.; V,17; Vbh.377.(Page 624) ,10,1
  15374. 484763,en,15,vinibbhoga,vinibbhoga,Vinibbhoga,Vinibbhoga,<sup>2</sup> [fr.vinibbhujati 3] sifting out,distinction,discrimination Vism.306 (dhātu°),368 (id.); neg.<i>a°</i> absence of discrimination,indistinction DhsA.47; used as adj.in sense of “not to be distinguished,” indistinct at J.III,428 (°sadda).(Page 625) ,10,1
  15375. 484764,en,15,vinibbhoga,vinibbhoga,Vinibbhoga,Vinibbhoga,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [vi+nibbhoga] lacking,deprived of (-°),deficient ThA.248 (viññāṇa°).(Page 625) ,10,1
  15376. 484774,en,15,vinibbhujana,vinibbhujana,Vinibbhujana,Vinibbhujana,(nt.) [fr.vinibbhujati] turning inside out ThA.284.(Page 624) ,12,1
  15377. 484787,en,15,vinibbhujati,vinibbhujati,Vinibbhujati,Vinibbhujati,(or <i>°bhuñjati</i>) [vi+ni+bhujati] 1.[to <em>bhuj</em>,to bend,as in bhuja<sup>1</sup> &#38; nibbhujati] to turn inside out Th.2,471.-- 2.[to <em>bhuj</em> or <em>bhuñj</em> as in bhuñjati<sup>2</sup> and paribhuñjati<sup>2</sup>] to separate,cut off,remove M.I,233; S.III,141; IV,168 (spells wrongly jj).-- 3.[id.] to cleanse; fig.to sift out thoroughly,to distinguish,discriminate M.I,292; J.V,121 (avinibbhujaṁ,ppr.); Miln.63 (doubled); Vism.438 (spelling wrongly jj); DhsA.311.-- pp.<i>vinibbhutta</i>.(Page 624) ,12,1
  15378. 484810,en,15,vinibbhutta,vinibbhutta,Vinibbhutta,Vinibbhutta,[pp.of vinibbhujati] separated,distinguished,discriminated Vism.368.(Page 624) ,11,1
  15379. 484826,en,15,vinibhindati,vinibhindati,Vinibhindati,Vinibhindati,[vi+ni+<em>bhid</em>] to break (right) through M.I,233.(Page 625) ,12,1
  15380. 484856,en,15,viniccharati,viniccharati,Viniccharati,Viniccharati,[vi+niccharati] to go out (in all directions) J.IV,181.(Page 624) ,12,1
  15381. 484872,en,15,vinicchaya,vinicchaya,Vinicchaya,Vinicchaya,[vi+nicchaya; cp.Vedic viniścaya] 1.discrimination,distinction,thought,(firm) opinion; thorough knowledge of (-°) A.III,354 (pāpakamma°); Sn.327 (dhamma°),838 (=dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhi-vinicchayā Nd<sup>1</sup> 186),867 (°ṁ kūrute; cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 265); J.III,205 (attha°); PvA.1,112,210 (kūṭa°),287.-- 2.decision; (as t.t.in law:) investigation,trial,judgment (given by the king or his ministers) D.II,58 (with ref.to <i>lābha</i>,expl<sup>d</sup> as deciding what to do with one’s gains)=III,289=A.IV,400=Vbh.390 (expl<sup>d</sup> at VbhA.512,where vinicchaya is said to be fourfold,viz.ñāṇa°,taṇhā°,diṭṭhi°,vitakka°); J.II,2.-- 3.court house,hall of judgment J.I,176; III,105; IV,122,370; VI,333; Miln.332 (vinaya°,i.e.having the Vinaya as the law court in the City of Righteousness).-- 4.(as t.t.in logic &#38; psychology:) (process of) judgment,detailed analysis,deliberation,consideration,ascertainment J.V,60 (°ṁ vicāreti); VbhA.46 sq.(according to attha,lakkhaṇa,etc.),83 sq.(id.); KhA 23,75.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> analytical discussion,exegesis,interpretation Vism.16; VbhA.291 (opp.pāḷi-vaṇṇanā).<i>--ññū</i> clever in deciding or giving judgment J.III,205; V,367 (a°).<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> place of judgment,law court J.V,229; DhA.III,141; IV,215.<i>--dhamma</i> law practice J.V.125; DhA.III,141.<i>--vīthi</i> process of judgment (in logic):see Cpd.241.<i>--sālā</i> the law court(s) J.IV,120; DhA.III,380.(Page 624) ,10,1
  15382. 485028,en,15,vinicchin,vinicchin,Vinicchin,Vinicchin,(adj.) [fr.vinicchināti] discerning Th.1,551.(Page 624) ,9,1
  15383. 485065,en,15,vinicchinati,vinicchināti,Vinicchināti,Vinicchināti,(°inati) &#38; Vinicchati [vi+nicchināti] to investigate,try; to judge,determine,decide J.V,229; fut.<i>vinicchissati</i> Vin.III,159; ger.<i>vinicchinitvā</i> Nd<sup>1</sup> 76; aor.<i>vinicchini</i> J.II,2; inf.<i>vinicchituṁ</i> J.I,148; DhA.IV,215.-- pp.<i>vinicchita</i>.(Page 624) ,12,1
  15384. 485111,en,15,vinicchita,vinicchita,Vinicchita,Vinicchita,[pp.of vinicchināti] discerned,decided,distinguished,detailed Vin.I,65 (su°); J.V,65 (a°); SnA 477; Sdhp.508.(Page 624) ,10,1
  15385. 485146,en,15,viniccninana,viniccninana,Viniccninana,Viniccninana,(nt.) [fr.vinicchināti] giving judgment J.V,229.(Page 624) ,12,1
  15386. 485174,en,15,vinidhaya,vinidhāya,Vinidhāya,Vinidhāya,(indecl.) [vi+nidhāya,ger.of vinidahati] lit.“misplacing,” i.e.asserting or representing wrongly,giving a false notion of (Acc.) Vin.II,205,expl<sup>d</sup> at Vin.IV,2; SnA 204.(Page 624) ,9,1
  15387. 485179,en,15,vinigalati,vinigaḷati,Vinigaḷati,Vinigaḷati,[vi+nigaḷati] to drop down Miln.349.(Page 624) ,10,1
  15388. 485187,en,15,viniggaha,viniggaha,Viniggaha,Viniggaha,[vi+niggaha] checking,restraint Ps.I,16; II,119.(Page 624) ,9,1
  15389. 485211,en,15,viniggata,viniggata,Viniggata,Viniggata,[vi+niggata] coming (out) from J.VI,78; DA.I,140; DhA.IV,46; Sdhp.23.(Page 624) ,9,1
  15390. 485221,en,15,viniggilati,viniggilati,Viniggilati,Viniggilati,[vi+niggilati] to throw out,to emit KhA 95.(Page 624) ,11,1
  15391. 485228,en,15,vinighatin,vinighātin,Vinighātin,Vinighātin,(adj.) [fr.vi+nighāta] afraid of defeat,anxious about the outcome (of a disputation),in phrase <i>vinighāti-hoti</i> (for °ī-hoti) Sn.826,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 164.(Page 624) ,10,1
  15392. 485241,en,15,vinijjita,vinijjita,Vinijjita,Vinijjita,(adj.) [vi+nijjita] unvanquished Sdhp.318.(Page 624) ,9,1
  15393. 485259,en,15,vinilaka,vinīlaka,Vinīlaka,Vinīlaka,(adj.) [vi+nīlaka] of a bluish-black (purple) colour,discoloured J.II,39 (of a cygnet,bastard of a swan &#38; a crow,“resembling neither father nor mother,” i.e.“black &#38; white”).Usually applied to the colour of a corpse (purple,discoloured),the contemplation of which forms one of the 10 <i>asubha-saññās</i>:M.I,88 (uddhumātaka+); Sn.200 (id.).-- A.I.42; II,17; S.V,129 sq.; Dhs.264; Nett 27; Miln.332; Vism.110,178,193.(Page 625) ,8,1
  15394. 485283,en,15,vinimaya,vinimaya,Vinimaya,Vinimaya,[fr.vi+nimināti] reciprocity,barter,exchange J.II,369.(Page 625) ,8,1
  15395. 485292,en,15,vinimileti,vinimīleti,Vinimīleti,Vinimīleti,[vi+nimīleti] to shut one’s eyes Sdhp.189.(Page 625) ,10,1
  15396. 485308,en,15,vinimoceti,vinimoceti,Vinimoceti,Vinimoceti,[vi+nis+moceti,cp.nimmoka] to free (oneself) from,to get rid of A.III,92; Pug.68.(Page 625) ,10,1
  15397. 485323,en,15,vinimutta,vinimutta,Vinimutta,Vinimutta,(Vinimmutta) [vi+nis+mutta] 1.released,free from J.I,375 (mm); Sdhp.1,4,16,225.-- 2.discharged (of an arrow) DhA.III,132 (mm).(Page 625) ,9,1
  15398. 485342,en,15,vinindati,vinindati,Vinindati,Vinindati,[vi+nindati] to censure,blame,reproach J.II,346; VI,200.(Page 624) ,9,1
  15399. 485350,en,15,vinipata,vinipāta,Vinipāta,Vinipāta,[fr.vi+nipāteti] ruin,destruction; a place of suffering,state of punishment,syn.with apāya &#38; duggati (with which often comb<sup>d</sup>,plus <i>niraya</i>,e.g.Vin.I,227; D.I,82,162; M.I,73; A.III,211; It.58; Pug.60):A.V,169; Sn.278; J.III,32; Miln.108; Vism.427 (where expl<sup>d</sup> as “vināsā nipatanti tattha dukkaṭakārino,“ together with duggati &#38; niraya).The <i>sotāpanna</i> is called “avinipāta-dhammo,” i.e.not liable to be punished in purgatory:see under sotāpanna, &#38; cp.sym.term <i>khīna-niraya</i> A.III,211.(Page 624) ,8,1
  15400. 485407,en,15,vinipateti,vinipāteti,Vinipāteti,Vinipāteti,[vi+nipāteti] to bring to ruin,to destroy,to frustrate Vin.I,298; J.VI,71; VvA.208.(Page 624) ,10,1
  15401. 485420,en,15,vinipatika,vinipātika,Vinipātika,Vinipātika,(adj.) [fr.vinipāta] destined to suffer in purgatory,liable to punishment after death D.II,69; III,253; M.I,73,390; A.I,123; II,232 sq.; IV,39,401; J.V,117,119.(Page 624) ,10,1
  15402. 485452,en,15,vinita,vinīta,Vinīta,Vinīta,[pp.of vineti] led,trained,educated S.V,261; A.IV,310 (viyatta+); DhA.II,66 (°vatthu); PvA.38.-- <i>avinīta</i> not trained S.IV,287; Vv 29<sup>7</sup>; Dhs.1003,1217; <i>suvinīta</i> well trained S.IV,287; opp.<i>dubbinīta</i> badly trained J.V,284,287.-- <i>ratha-vinīta</i> (nt.) a relay M.I,149.(Page 625) ,6,1
  15403. 485499,en,15,vinivarana,vinīvaraṇa,Vinīvaraṇa,Vinīvaraṇa,(adj.) [vi+nīvaraṇa] unobstructed,unbiassed,unprejudiced A.II,71; Sdhp.458.Usually in phrase <i>°citta</i> of an unbiassed mind,comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>mudu-citta </i>&<i> udagga-citta:</i> Vin.I,16,181; D.I,110,148; A.IV,186.‹-› Same in BSk.e.g.MVastu III,225; Divy 616 sq.(Page 625) ,10,1
  15404. 485586,en,15,vinivatteti,vinivaṭṭeti,Vinivaṭṭeti,Vinivaṭṭeti,( &#38; °vatteti) [vi+nivatteti] 1.to turn over,to repeat J.I,25 (ṭṭ),153 (ṭṭ),190 (ṭṭ).-- 2.to turn (somebody) away from,to distract Pv.I,8<sup>8</sup> (read °vattayi for °vattanti); II,6<sup>19</sup> (°vattayi; aor.); J.III,290 (ṭṭ).‹-› 3.to roll over,to glide off J.III,344 (ṭṭ); DhA.II,51 (ṭṭ).(Page 625) ,11,1
  15405. 485629,en,15,vinivesa,vinivesa,Vinivesa,Vinivesa,[vi+nivesa] tie,bond,attachment A.I,66 (+vinibandha).(Page 625) ,8,1
  15406. 485637,en,15,vinivethana,viniveṭhana,Viniveṭhana,Viniveṭhana,( &#38; °nibbeṭhana) (nt.) [vi+nibbeṭhana] unwrapping,unravelling; fig.explaining,making clear,explanation,refutation Nd<sup>2</sup> 503 (diṭṭhi-saṅghātassa vinibbeṭhana; where id.p.at Nd<sup>1</sup> 343 reads <i>vinivedhana</i>,cp,nibbedha); Miln.96; VvA.297 (diṭṭhi-gaṇṭhiviniveṭhana).(Page 625) ,11,1
  15407. 485656,en,15,vinivetheti,viniveṭheti,Viniveṭheti,Viniveṭheti,[vi+nibbeṭheti] 1.to disentangle,to unwrap Vin.I,3,276 (anta-gaṇṭhiṁ,the intestines); J.II,283 (sarīraṁ); V,47.-- 2.to disentangle oneself,to free oneself (from) A.III,92; Pug.68.(Page 625) ,11,1
  15408. 485678,en,15,vinividdha,vinividdha,Vinividdha,Vinividdha,[pp.of vinivijjhati] pierced (all through),perforated J.V,269; VI,105; Vism.222.(Page 625) ,10,1
  15409. 485696,en,15,vinivijjha,vinivijjha,Vinivijjha,Vinivijjha,(adj.) [grd.of vinivijjhati] to be pierced; in dubbinivijjha difficult to pierce,hard to penetrate J.V,46.(Page 625) ,10,1
  15410. 485709,en,15,vinivijjhana,vinivijjhana,Vinivijjhana,Vinivijjhana,(nt.) [fr.vinivijjhati] piercing,perforating,penetrating DhsA.253; ThA.197 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of bahuvidha).(Page 625) ,12,1
  15411. 485732,en,15,vinivijjhati,vinivijjhati,Vinivijjhati,Vinivijjhati,[vi+ni+vijjhati] to pierce through &#38; through J.II,91; Miln.339; DhsA.253.(Page 625) ,12,1
  15412. 485753,en,15,viniyoga,viniyoga,Viniyoga,Viniyoga,[vi+niyoga] possession,application,use DhsA.151; VvA.157; PvA.171,175.(Page 625) ,8,1
  15413. 485768,en,15,viniyujjati,viniyujjati,Viniyujjati,Viniyujjati,[vi+niyujjati] to be connected with,to ensue,accrue PvA.29 (=upakappati).(Page 625) ,11,1
  15414. 485808,en,15,vinnana,viññāṇa,Viññāṇa,Viññāṇa,(nt.) [fr.vi+<em>jñā</em>; cp.Vedic vijñāna cognition] (as special term in Buddhist metaphysics) a mental quality as a constituent of individuality,the bearer of (individual) life,life-force (as extending also over rebirths),principle of conscious life,general consciousness (as function of mind and matter),regenerative force,animation,mind as transmigrant,as transforming (according to individual kamma) one individual life (after death) into the next.(See also below,c &#38; d).In this (fundamental) application it may be characterized as the sensory and perceptive activity commonly expressed by “mind.” It is difficult to give any one word for v.because there is much difference between the old Buddhist and our modern points of view,and there is a varying use of the term in the Canon itself.In what may be a very old Sutta S.II,95 v.is given as a synonym of citta (q.v.) and mano (q.v.),in opposition to kāya used to mean body.This simpler unecclesiastical,unscholastic popular meaning is met with in other suttas.E.g.the body (kāya) is when animated called <i>sa-viññāṇaka</i> (q.v.and cp.viññāṇatta).Again,v.was supposed,at the body’s death,to pass over into another body (S.I,122; III,124) and so find a support or platform (patiṭṭhā).It was also held to be an immutable,persistent substance,a view strongly condemned (M.I,258).Since,however,the persistence of v.from life to life is declared (D.II,68; S.III,54),we must judge that it is only the immutable persistence that is condemned.V,was justly conceived more as “minding” than as “mind.” Its form is participial.For later variants of the foregoing cp.Miln.86; PvA.63,219.<br><br> Ecclesiastical scholastic dogmatic considers v.under the categories of (a) khandha; (b) dhātu; (c) paṭiccasamuppāda; (d) āhāra; (e) kāya.(a) V.as fifth of the five <i>khandhas</i> (q.v.) is never properly described or defined.It is an ultimate.But as a factor of animate existence it is said to be the discriminating (vijānāti) of e.g.tastes or sapid things (S.III,87),or,again,of pleasant or painful feeling (M.I,292).It is in no wise considered as a condition,or a climax of the other incorporeal khandhās.It is just one phase among others of mental life.In mediæval dogmatic it appears rather as the bare phenomenon of aroused attention,the other khandhās having been reduced to adjuncts or concomitants brought to pass by the arousing of v.(Cpd.13),and as such classed under cetasikā,the older saṅkhārakkhandha.--(b) as <i>dhātu</i>,v.occurs only in the category of the four elements with space as a sixth element,and also where dhātu is substituted for khandha (S.III,10).-(c) In the chain of causation (<i>Paṭicca-samuppāda</i>) v.is conditioned by the <i>saṅkhāras</i> and is itself a necessary condition of <i>nāma-rūpa</i> (individuality).See e.g.S.II,4,6,8,12 etc.; Vin.I,1; Vism.545 sq.=VbhA.150; Vism.558 sq.; VbhA.169 sq.; 192.-- At S.II,4=III,61 viññāṇa (in the Paṭicca-samuppāda) is defined in a similar way to the def<sup>n</sup> under v.-ṭṭhiti (see c),viz.as a quality peculiar to ( &#38; underlying) each of the 6 senses:“katamaṁ viññāṇaṁ? cha-y-ime viññāṇa-kāyā (groups of v.),viz.cakkhu° sota° etc.” which means that viññāṇa is the apperceptional or energizing principle,so to speak the soul or life (substratum,animator,lifepotency) of the sensory side of individuality.It arises through the mutual relation of sense and sense-object (M.III,281,where also the 6 v.-kāyā).As such it forms a factor of rebirth,as it is grouped under <i>upadhi</i> (q.v.).Translations of S.II,4:Mrs.Rh.D.(K.S.II.4) “consciousness”; Geiger (in Z.f.B.IV.62) “Erkennen.”‹-› (d) As one of the four <i>āhāras</i> (q.v.) v.is considered as the material,food or cause,through which comes rebirth (S.II,13; cp.B.Psy.p.62).As such it is likened to seed in the field of action (kamma) A.I,223,and as entering (a body) at rebirth the phrase <i>viññāṇassa avakkanti</i> is used (D.II,63; S.II,91).In this connection the expression paṭisandhi-viññāṇa first appears in Ps.I,52,and then in the Commentaries (VbhA.192; cf.Vism.548,659 paṭisandhicitta); in Vism.554=VbhA.163,the v.here said to be located in the heart,is made out,at bodily death,“to quit its former “support” and proceed (pavattati) to another by way of its mental object and other conditions.” Another scholastic expression,both early and late,is <i>abhisaṅkhāra-v</i>.or “endowment consciousness,” viz.the individual transmigrant or transmitted function (viññāṇa) which supplies the next life with the accumulation of individual merit or demerit or indifference,as it is expressed at Nd<sup>2</sup> 569<sup>a</sup> in def<sup>n</sup> of v.(on Sn.1055:yaṁ kiñci sampajānāsi ...panujja viññāṇaṁ bhave na tiṭṭhe):puññ’âbhisaṅkhāra-sahagata-viññāṇaṁ,apuññ’...ānejj’...-- Under the same heading at Nd<sup>2</sup> 569<sup>b</sup> we find abhisaṅkhāra v.with ref.to the sotāpatti-stage,i.e.the beginning of salvation,where it is said that by the gradual disappearance of abhis.-v.there are still 7 existences left before nāma-rūpa (individuality) entirely disappears.The climax of this development is “anupādi-sesa nibbāna-dhatu,” or the nibbāna stage without a remainder (parinibbāna),which is characterized not by an abhisaṅkhāra-v.but by the <i>carimaka-v</i>.or the final vital spark,which is now going to be extinct.This passage is referred to at DhsA.357,where the first half is quoted literally.-(e) As <i>kāya</i> i.e.group,v.is considered psycho-physically,as a factor in senseperception (D.III,243,M.III,281,etc.),namely,the contact between sense-organ and object (medium,metazu/ was not taken into account) produces v.of sight,hearing etc.The three factors constitute the v.-kāya of the given sense.And the v.is thus bound to bodily process as a catseye is threaded on a string (D.II,76).Cp.above c.<br><br> Other applications of the term v.both Canonical and mediæval:on details as to attributes and functions,see Vin.I,13 (as one of the khandhas in its quality of anattā,cp.S.IV,166 sq.); D.III,223 (as khandha); S.II,101 sq.(°assa avakkanti); III,53 sq.(°assa gati,āgati,cuti etc.); A.I,223 sq.; III,40; Sn.734 (yaṁ kiñci dukkhaṁ sambhoti,sabbaṁ viññāṇa-paccayā),1037 (nāma-rūpa destroyed in consequence of v.destruction),1073 (cavetha v.[so read for bhavetha]; v.at this passage expl<sup>d</sup> as “punappaṭisandhi-v.” at Nd<sup>2</sup> 569<sup>c</sup>); 1110 (uparujjhati); Ps.I,53 sq.153 sq.; II,102; Vbh.9 sq.53 sq.86; Nett 15 (nāma-rūpa v.-sampayutta),16 (v.-hetuka n.-r.),17 (nirodha),28,79,116 (as khandha); Vism.529 (as simple,twofold,fourfold etc.),545=VbhA.150 sq.(in detail as product of saṅkhāras &#38; in 32 groups); VbhA.172 (twofold:vipāka &#38; avipāka); DhA.IV,100.<br><br> <i>--ânañc’āyatana</i> infinitude (-sphere) of life-force or mind-matter D.I,35,184,223; III,224,262,265; Nett 26,39.It is the second of the Āruppa-jhānas; see <i>jhāna</i>.<i> --āhāra</i> consciousness (i.e.vital principle) sustenance:see above d and cp.Dhs.70,126; Nett 114 sq.; Vism.341.<i>--kāya:</i> see above e.<i>--khandha</i> life-force as one of the aggregates of physical life D.III,233; Tikp 61; DhsA.141; VbhA.21,42.<i>--ṭṭhiti</i> viññāṇa-duration,phase of mental life.The emphasis is on duration or continuation rather than place,which would be ṭṭhāna.There are (a) 4 v.-durations with regard to their “storing” (abhisaṅkhāra) quality,viz.combinations of v.(as the governing,mind-principle) with each of the 4 other <i>khandhas</i> or aggregates of material life (rūpa,vedanā,saññā,saṅkhārā),v.animating or bringing them to consciousness in any kind of life-appearance; and (b) 7 v.-durations with regard to their “regenerating” (new-life comb<sup>n</sup> or rebirth=paṭisandhi) quality,viz.the 4 planes of var.beings (from men to devas),followed by the 3 super-dimensional stages (the ānañc’āyatanas) of ākāsa-infinitude,viññāṇa-infin. &#38; ākiñ-cañña-infin.-- Passages in the Canon:(a) as 4:D 1 I.262 sq.; S.III,53 sq.(“standing for consciousness” &#38; “platform,” °patiṭṭhā S.III,54; K.S.III,45) ‹-› (b) the 7:D.II,68 sq.; III,253 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “station of consciousness”),282; =A.IV,39.Both the 4 and the 7 at Nd<sup>2</sup> 570.Cp.under a slightly diff.view S.II,65 (yaṁ ceteti ...ārammaṇaṁ ...hoti viññāṇassa ṭhitiyā).-- See also Ps.I,22,122; Sn.1114; Nett 31,83 sq.; Vism.552; VbhA.169.<i>--dhātu</i> mind-element,which is the 6th dhātu after the 4 great elements (the mahābhūtāni) and ākāsa-dhātu as fifth (this expl<sup>d</sup> as “asamphuṭṭha-dhātu” at VbhA.55,whereas v.-dhātu as “vijānana-dhātu”) D.III,247; Vbh.85,87; VbhA.55; cp.A.I,176; M.III,31,62,240; S.II,248.<i>--vīthi</i> the road of mind (fig.),a mediæval t.t.for process in senseperception KhA 102.(Page 618) ,7,1
  15415. 485915,en,15,vinnanaka,viññāṇaka,Viññāṇaka,Viññāṇaka,(adj.) [viññāṇa+ka] having life or consciousness or sense,endowed with vitality.Found in the four Nikāyas only in one standard passage in the same connection,viz.<i>sa-viññāṇaka kāya</i> “the body with its viññāṇa” (i.e.life-force or mind):S.II,253; III,80,169; V,311; A.I,132; IV,53.Thus (sa°) should be read at all passages.-- Later in contrast pair <i>sa°</i> and <i>a°</i>,i.e.with life &#38; without,alive &#38; lifeless,animate &#38; inanimate,e.g.J.I,466,468; DhA.I,6; PvA.130.(Page 619) ,9,1
  15416. 486155,en,15,vinnanatta,viññāṇatta,Viññāṇatta,Viññāṇatta,(nt.) [abstr.formation fr.viññāṇa] the fact of being endowed with viññāṇa S.III,87; PvA.63.(Page 619) ,10,1
  15417. 486248,en,15,vinnapaka,viññāpaka,Viññāpaka,Viññāpaka,(adj.) [fr.viññāpeti] clever in instruction,able to instruct S.V,162=Miln.373; It.107.(Page 619) ,9,1
  15418. 486258,en,15,vinnapana,viññāpana,Viññāpana,Viññāpana,(adj.) [fr.viññāpeti] instructing,informing A.II,51,97.-- f.<i>viññāpanī</i> instructive,making clear (of speech) D.I,114 (atthassa viññāpaniyā=viññāpanasamatthāya DA.I,282); A.III,114; Dh.408 (=attha° DhA.IV,182); Sn.632.(Page 619) ,9,1
  15419. 486300,en,15,vinnapaya,viññāpaya,Viññāpaya,Viññāpaya,(adj.) [grd.of viññāpeti,=*viññāpya] accessible to instruction; only in cpds <i>du° </i>&<i> su°</i> indocile &#38; docile S.I,138; D.II,38; Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>3</sup>; Ps.I,121; II,195; Vbh.341.(Page 619) ,9,1
  15420. 486341,en,15,vinnapetar,viññāpetar,Viññāpetar,Viññāpetar,[n.ag.of viññāpita] an instructor,teacher D.I,56; A.IV,196.(Page 619) ,10,1
  15421. 486349,en,15,vinnapeti,viññāpeti,Viññāpeti,Viññāpeti,[Caus.II.of vijānāti] to address,inform,teach,instruct; to give to understand; to appeal to,to beg Vin.I,54; IV,264; D.I,251; J.III,72 (to intimate); Miln.229; VvA.72,181.-- pp.<i>viññāpita</i>.(Page 619) ,9,1
  15422. 486383,en,15,vinnapita,viññāpita,Viññāpita,Viññāpita,[pp.of viññāpeti] instructed,informed; <i>su°</i> well taught Miln.101.(Page 619) ,9,1
  15423. 486405,en,15,vinnata,viññāta,Viññāta,Viññāta,[pp.of vijānāti] apperceived,(re)cognized,understood,cogitated (Cpd.37),learned Sn.323 (°dhamma,one who has recognized or understood the Dhamma); Vv 44<sup>18</sup> (=viññāta-sāsana-dhamma VvA.192); J.I,2; Sdhp.429.-- Often in sequence <i>diṭṭha suta muta viññāta</i> to denote the whole range of the cognitional &#38; apperceptional faculties (see <i>muta</i>),e.g.D.III,232; Sn.1086,1122.(Page 619) ,7,1
  15424. 486438,en,15,vinnatar,viññātar,Viññātar,Viññātar,[n.ag.of viññāta] a perceiver,one who apperceives or takes to heart,a learner D.I,56; A.III,169; IV,196 (sotar,uggahetar,v.).(Page 619) ,8,1
  15425. 486488,en,15,vinnatti,viññatti,Viññatti,Viññatti,(f.) [fr.viññāpeti] intimation,giving to understand,information; begging or asking by intimation or hinting (a practice forbidden to the bhikkhu) Vin.I,72 (°bahula,intent on ...); III,144 sq.(id.); IV,290; J.III,72 (v.nāma na vaṭṭati,is improper); Vbh.13; Vism.41 (threefold:nimitta°,obhāsa°,parikathā; as t.t.cp.Cpd.120<sup>1</sup>:medium of communication); Miln.343,370; DhA.II,21 (viññattiṁ katvā bhuñjituṁ na vaṭṭati); PvA.146.-- Two kinds of viññatti are generally distinguished,viz.<i>kāya°</i> and <i>vacī°</i>,or intimation by body (gesture) and by voice:Dhs.665,718; Miln.229 sq.; Vism.448,530,531.Cp.Cpd.22,264.(Page 618) ,8,1
  15426. 486592,en,15,vinnaya,viññāya,Viññāya,Viññāya, &#38; viññāyati see <i>vijānāti</i>.(Page 619) ,7,1
  15427. 486623,en,15,vinneyya,viññeyya,Viññeyya,Viññeyya,(adj.) [grd.of vijānāti] to be recognized or apperceived (of the sense objects:cakkhu-viññeyya rūpa,etc.) D.I,245; M.III,291; A.III,377; IV,404 sq.415,430; Nd<sup>1</sup> 24.-- <i>su°</i> easily understood VvA.258.(Page 620) ,8,1
  15428. 486647,en,15,vinnu,viññū,Viññū,Viññū,(adj.) [cp.Sk.vijña] intelligent,learned,wise D.I,163; S.I,9; III,134; IV,41 sq.93,339; A.II,228; V,15; It.98; Sn.39,294,313,396,403; Ps.II,19,21; Miln.21; DA.I,18; VvA.87; PvA.130,226; Sdhp.45.‹-› <i>a°</i> DhA.III,395.(Page 619) ,5,1
  15429. 486680,en,15,vinnupasattha,viññupasaṭṭha,Viññupasaṭṭha,Viññupasaṭṭha,[vi+ni+upassaṭṭha,pp.of <em>sṛj</em> (?)] unattacked,not deficient,unmolested,undisturbed:is Kern’s (Toev.s.v.) proposed reading for <i>viññū-pasattha</i> (“extolled by the wise”) at S.II,70 (reads ṭṭh); V,343; D.II,80; III,245:all identical passages.We consider Kern’s change unnecessary:<i>anupasaṭṭha</i> would have been the most natural expression if it had been meant in the sense suggested by Kern.(Page 619) ,13,1
  15430. 486703,en,15,vinnuta,viññutā,Viññutā,Viññutā, &#38; viññūtā (f.) [fr.viññu] discretion; in phrase <i>viññutaṁ pāpuṇāti</i> to reach the years of discretion or puberty Vin.I,269; II,278; J.I,231; III,437:PvA.3.(Page 619) ,7,1
  15431. 486721,en,15,vinodaka,vinodaka,Vinodaka,Vinodaka,(adj.) [fr.vinodeti,cp.nudaka &#38; nūdaka] driving out,dispelling,allaying PvA.114 (parissama°).(Page 625) ,8,1
  15432. 486732,en,15,vinodana,vinodana,Vinodana,Vinodana,(adj.-nt.) [fr.vinodeti] dispelling,removal A.III,387,390; Sn.1086 (chanda-rāga°,=pahāna etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 578); Miln.285; DA.I,140 (niddā°); DhA.I,41 (tama°,adj.); PvA.38 (soka°).(Page 625) ,8,1
  15433. 486804,en,15,vinodeti,vinodeti,Vinodeti,Vinodeti,[Caus.of vi+nudati] to drive out,dispel,remove,put away S.IV,70,76,190; A.II,13,117; Sn.273,956,(tamaṁ); 967; Nd<sup>1</sup> 454,489; J.I,183; II,63,283 (sinehaṁ); Vv 84<sup>26</sup>; Miln.259 (imper.vinodehi,+apanehi,nicchārehi); Mhvs 5,245 (vimatiṁ); 31,10 (kaṅkhaṁ); DhA.IV,145; PvA.38 (sokaṁ).(Page 625) ,8,1
  15434. 486838,en,15,vinudati,vinudati,Vinudati,Vinudati,is only found in Caus.form <i>vinodeti</i>.(Page 625) ,8,1
  15435. 486871,en,15,vipaccanaka,vipaccanaka,Vipaccanaka,Vipaccanaka,(adj.) [fr.vipaccati,cp.paccana] bearing fruit,ripening (fully) Miln.421 (Notes); PvA.190.(Page 626) ,11,1
  15436. 486905,en,15,vipaccanika,vipaccanīka,Vipaccanīka,Vipaccanīka,(adj.) [vi+paccanīka] hostile M.I,402; A.IV,95; J.IV,108; Pug.20; Vbh.351,359,371; VbhA.478; PvA.87.(Page 626) ,11,1
  15437. 486925,en,15,vipaccata,vipaccatā,Vipaccatā,Vipaccatā,(f.) at Vin.II,88 is perhaps a der.fr.vi+<em>vac</em>,and not <em>pac</em>,thus representing a Sk.<i>*vivācyatā</i>,meȧning “challenging in disputation,” quarrelsomeness,provocation.See also <i>vipāceti</i>.If fr.vi+<em>pac</em>,the meaning would be something like “heatedness,exasperation.” (Page 626) ,9,1
  15438. 486936,en,15,vipaccati,vipaccati,Vipaccati,Vipaccati,[vi+paccati] 1.to be cooked,i.e.to ripen J.V,121; PvA.104.-- 2.to bear fruit D.II,266; S.I,144; M.I,388; Nett 37; VvA.171.(Page 626) ,9,1
  15439. 486977,en,15,vipaceti,vipāceti,Vipāceti,Vipāceti,[Caus.of vi+<em>pac</em>,or distorted fr.<i>vivāceti</i>?] to become annoyed,to get angry (lit.to get heated):this meaning as trsl<sup>n</sup> of vi+<em>pac</em>,although not quite correct,as <em>pac</em> means to “ripen” and is not ordinarily used of heated conditions.Since the word is not sufficiently cleared up,we refrain from a detailed discussion concerning possible explanations.It may suffice to point out that it occurs only in Vinaya (and in one sporadic passage S.I,232) in standing comb<sup>n</sup> <i>ujjhāyati khīyati vipāceti</i>,expressing annoyance or irritation about something; e.g.Vin.I,191; II,85,291; IV,64.The corresponding BSk.phrase is <i>avadhyāyati dhriyati</i> [to resist,<em>dhṛ</em>]<i> vivācayati</i>,e.g.Divy 492.It is not quite clear which of the two versions is the older one.There may be underlying a misunderstood (dial.) phrase which was changed by popular analogy.The BSk.phrase seems a priori the more intelligible one; if we take <i>vipāceti=vivāceti</i>,we should translate it as “to speak disparagingly.” Mrs.Rh.D at K.S.I.296 trsl<sup>s</sup> as “were vexed and fretted and consumed with indignation.“ -- See remarks under <i>khīyati</i> &#38; cp.<i>vipaccatā</i>.(Page 627) ,8,1
  15440. 487006,en,15,vipajjati,vipajjati,Vipajjati,Vipajjati,[vi+pajjati] to go wrong,to fail,to perish (opp.sampajjati) DhA.III,357; PvA.34.-- pp.<i>vipanna</i>.(Page 626) ,9,1
  15441. 487025,en,15,vipaka,vipāka,Vipāka,Vipāka,[fr.vi+<em>pac</em>] fruit,fruition,product; always in pregnant meaning of “result,effect,consequence (of one’s action),” either as good &#38; meritorious (<i>kusala</i>) or bad &#38; detrimental (<i>akusala</i>).Hence “retribution” (<i>kamma°</i>),reward or punishment.See on term e.g.Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> introd.<sup>2</sup> XCIII; Cpd.43.249.-- D.III,150,160,176 sq.; S.I,34,57,92 (kammassa); II,128 (compar.vipākatara),255 (id.); IV,186 sq.348 sq.; A.I,48,97 (sukha°,dukkha°),134 (kamma°),263; II,34 (agga),80,112; III,35,172 (dānassa),410 sq.(kāmānaṁ etc.),436; IV,303 (kamma°); V,251; Sn.653 (kamma°); Ps.II,79 (dukkha°); Pv.I,9<sup>1</sup>; I,10<sup>7</sup> &#38; passim; Pug.13,21; Dhs.431,497,987; Vbh.16 sq.73,319,326 sq.334 (sukha°); Kvu 353 sq.464 (kamma &#38; vipāka); Nett 99,161,180 sq.; Tikp 27 (fourfold),44,48,50,292 (a° &#38; sa°),328 sq.(°tika),350 sq.; Dukp 17; Vism.177,454 (fourfold),456 (°viññāṇa),538 (°paccaya),545 sq.; VbhA.17,150 sq.(kusala° &#38; akusala),144,177,391; PvA.50,73,77; Sdhp.12,73,197,235.(Page 627) ,6,1
  15442. 487370,en,15,vipakatta,vipākatta,Vipākatta,Vipākatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vipāka] state of being ripe PvA.52.(Page 627) ,9,1
  15443. 487460,en,15,vipakka,vipakka,Vipakka,Vipakka,(adj.) [vi+pakka] fully ripe J.I,136.(Page 626) ,7,1
  15444. 487491,en,15,vipakkha,vipakkha,Vipakkha,Vipakkha,(adj.) [vi+pakkha<sup>1</sup> 2] opposite,hostile; enemy; only in foll.cpds.:<br><br> <i>--sevaka</i> siding in or consorting with the enemy,keeping bad company,a traitor J.I,186; III,321; DhA.IV,95.<i>--sevin</i> id.J.I,487; II,98.(Page 626) ,8,1
  15445. 487520,en,15,vipakkhika,vipakkhika,Vipakkhika,Vipakkhika,(adj.) [vipakkha+ika] 1.[vi+pakkha<sup>1</sup> 1] without wings J.I,429.-- 2.[vi+pakkha<sup>1</sup> 2] opposite,hostile Sdhp.71.(Page 626) ,10,1
  15446. 487522,en,15,vipakkhin,vipakkhin,Vipakkhin,Vipakkhin,(adj.) [vi+pakkhin] having no wings,without wings J.V,255.(Page 626) ,9,1
  15447. 487558,en,15,vipalavita,vipalāvita,Vipalāvita,Vipalāvita,[vi+palāvita,pp.of Caus.of <em>plu</em>] made to float,floating,thrown out (into water) J.IV,259 (reads viplāvitaṁ)=I.326 (reads vipalāvitaṁ,with reading <i>nipalāvitaṁ</i> in C.).The C.at J.IV,259 expl<sup>s</sup> as “<i>uttārita</i>,” so at J I 326 as “brought out of water,” fished out=thale ṭhapita,evidently incorrect.(Page 627) ,10,1
  15448. 487564,en,15,vipaliyati,vipāḷiyati,Vipāḷiyati,Vipāḷiyati,see<i> vipāṭeti<sup> 2</sup></i>.(Page 627) ,10,1
  15449. 487571,en,15,vipallasa,vipallāsa,Vipallāsa,Vipallāsa,[cp.Sk.viparyāsa,vi+pari+<em>as</em> (to throw).The diaeretic P.form (founded on Sk.is <i>vipariyāsa</i>; another bastard form is <i>vipariyesa</i> (q.v.)] reversal,change (esp.in a bad sense),inversion,perversion,derangement,corruption,distortion.-- The form <i>vipariyāsa</i> occurs at Vin.II,80 (citta-°kata,with deranged mind or wrong thoughts); J.I,344 (where it is expl<sup>d</sup> by vipallāsa).Otherwise <i>vipallāsa</i>,e.g.Sn.299; Ps.II,80; Vism.214 (attha°); Nett 4,27,31,85 sq.115 sq.; DhA.II,228; PvA.7,70.-- There are 3 kinds of <i>vipallāsas</i>,viz.<i>saññā°</i> perversion of perception,<i>citta°</i> of thought,<i>diṭṭhi°</i> of views; A.II,52; Nett 85; Vism.683.See the same under <i>vipariyesa!</i> (Page 627) ,9,1
  15450. 487622,en,15,vipallasayati,vipallāsayati,Vipallāsayati,Vipallāsayati,[denom.fr.vipallāsa] to be deceived (about),to distort,to have or give a wrong notion (of) Nett 85.(Page 627) ,13,1
  15451. 487655,en,15,vipallattha,vipallattha,Vipallattha,Vipallattha,(adj.) [=Sk.viparyasta,pp.of vi+pari+<em>as</em><i>:</i> see vipallāsa] changed,reversed,upset,deranged,corrupt,perverted.Occurs in two forms:<i>vipariyattha</i> J.V,372 (°cittaṁ:in poetry); and <i>vipallattha</i> Vism.20 (°citta:trsl<sup>n</sup> “with corrupt thought”; T.spells vipallatta,v.l.°attha); DhsA.253 (°gāha); PvA.212.(Page 627) ,11,1
  15452. 487673,en,15,vipancana,vipañcanā,Vipañcanā,Vipañcanā, &#38; Vipañciyati<i>:</i> see under <i>vipañcita</i>.(Page 626) ,9,1
  15453. 487694,en,15,vipancita,vipañcita,Vipañcita,Vipañcita,[fr.vi+<em>pañc</em>,cp.papañcita] only in phrase <i>°ññū</i> either:knowing diffuseness or detail,or:of unillusioned understanding,clear-minded,unprejudiced,comb<sup>d</sup> with ugghaṭita-ññū at A.II,135=Pug.41 (trsl<sup>d</sup> by B.C.Law as “learning by exposition”; PugA 223 expl<sup>s</sup> as “vitthāritaṁ atthaṁ jānāti,” i.e.one who knows a matter expl<sup>d</sup> in detail.The spelling at A.II,135 is vipacita°; at Pug.41 vipaccita° &#38; at PugA vipaccita°,with v.l.vipañcita°); Nett 7 sq.125; SnA 163 (where <i>ugghaṭita-ññū</i> is applied to those who understand by condensed instruction,saṅkhepa-desanāya,and vipañcita-ññū to those who need a detailed one,vitthāradesanā; thus “learning by diffuseness”).-- At Nett 9 we have the var.terms <i>vipañcanā</i>,<i> vipañcayati </i>&<i> vipañciyati</i> (denom. ) used in the description of var.ways of parsing and grammatical analysis.Here <i>vipañcanā</i> (resting clearly on Sk.papañca expansion) means “expanding” (by letters &#38; vowels) and stands midway between <i>ugghaṭanā </i>&<i> vitthāraṇā</i> “condensing &#38; detailing.” The term <i>vipañcayati</i> (=vipañciyati) is used in the same way.-- Note.The term is not sufficiently cleared up.It occurs in BSk.as <i>vipañcika</i> (e.g.Divy 319,391,475,where it is appl<sup>d</sup> to “brāhmaṇā naimittikā” &#38; trsl<sup>d</sup> by Cowell as “sooth-sayer”),and <i>vipañcanaka</i> (Divy 548?),with which cp.vipañcitājña at Lal.Vist.520.See remark on <i>vejjañjanika</i>.(Page 626) ,9,1
  15454. 487724,en,15,vipaneti,vipaṇeti,Vipaṇeti,Vipaṇeti,[vi+Caus.of paṇati] to sell,to trade (with) J.IV,363 (=vikkiṇati C.).(Page 626) ,8,1
  15455. 487735,en,15,vipanna,vipanna,Vipanna,Vipanna,[pp.of vipajjati] gone wrong,having lost,failing in (-°),opp.<i>sampanna:</i> A.III,19 (rukkho sākhā-palāsa° a tree which has lost branches and leaves); Sn.116 (°diṭṭhi one who has wrong views,heretic; expl<sup>d</sup> as “vinaṭṭha-sammādiṭṭhi” SnA 177); Miln.258 (su° thoroughly fallen).<i>--sīla°</i> gone wrong in morals,lacking morality Vin.I,63 (+ācāra°,diṭṭhi°); II,4 (id.); J.III,138 (vipanna-sīla).(Page 626) ,7,1
  15456. 487771,en,15,vipannatta,vipannatta,Vipannatta,Vipannatta,(nt.) [fr.vipanna] failure,misfortune Dhs.A 367.(Page 626) ,10,1
  15457. 487792,en,15,viparakkamma,viparakkamma,Viparakkamma,Viparakkamma,(indecl.) [ger.of vi+parakkamati] endeavouring strongly,with all one’s might Sn.425 (Page 626) ,12,1
  15458. 487800,en,15,viparamosa,viparāmosa,Viparāmosa,Viparāmosa,(Viparāmāsa) [vi+parāmāsa,the form °mosa probably a distortion of °māsa] highway robbery D.I,5 (expl<sup>d</sup> as twofold at DA.I,80,viz.hima° &#38; gumba°,or hidden by the snow &#38; a thicket; the pop.etym.given here is “janaṁ musanti,” i.e.they steal,or beguile people); III,176 (v.l.°māsa); A.II,209; V,206; S.V,473; Pug.58.(Page 626) ,10,1
  15459. 487808,en,15,viparavatta,viparāvatta,Viparāvatta,Viparāvatta,[pp.of vi+parā+<em>vṛt</em>] reversed,changed D.I,8; M.II,3; S.III,12; V,419; DA.I,91.(Page 626) ,11,1
  15460. 487819,en,15,viparibhinna,viparibhinna,Viparibhinna,Viparibhinna,[vi+paribhinna] (entirely) broken up M.I,296; S.IV,294.(Page 626) ,12,1
  15461. 487834,en,15,viparinama,vipariṇāma,Vipariṇāma,Vipariṇāma,[vi+pariṇāma] change (for the worse),reverse,vicissitude D.III,216 (°dukkhatā); M.I,457 (also as “disappointment”); S.II,274; III,8; IV,7 sq.67 sq.; A.II,177 (°dhamma subject to change); III,32; V,59 sq.; Vbh.379 (°dhamma); Vism.499 (°dukkha),629 sq.; VbhA.93 (id.); PvA.60.-- a° absence of change,steadfastness D.I,18; III,31,33; DhA.I,121.(Page 626) ,10,1
  15462. 487952,en,15,viparinameti,vipariṇāmeti,Vipariṇāmeti,Vipariṇāmeti,[denom.fr.vipariṇāma] to change,alter D.I,56 (T.°ṇamati; but DA.I,167 °ṇāmeti:sic for °ṇāmati!)=S.III,211; PvA.199.(Page 626) ,12,1
  15463. 487975,en,15,viparinata,vipariṇata,Vipariṇata,Vipariṇata,[vi+pariṇata] changed,perverted Dhs.1038; Vbh.1,3,5 sq.; Miln.50.(Page 626) ,10,1
  15464. 487997,en,15,viparita,viparīta,Viparīta,Viparīta,(adj.) [pp.of vi+pari+<em>i</em>] reversed,changed; equivocal; wrong,upset A.III,114 (°dassana); IV,226 (id.); V,284; Th.2,393; J.I,334; Kvu 307; Miln.285,324; Nett 85 (°gāha),126 (°saññā); PvA.244.-- <i>aviparīta</i> unequivocal,certain,distinct,definite A.V,268 (°dassana); Miln.214 (°vacana); PvA.231 (=sacca &#38; yāthāva).(Page 627) ,8,1
  15465. 488076,en,15,viparitata,viparītatā,Viparītatā,Viparītatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.viparīta] contradistinction Vism.450 (tabbiparītatā).(Page 627) ,10,1
  15466. 488098,en,15,viparivatta,viparivatta,Viparivatta,Viparivatta,[vi+parivatta] changing or turning round,upset J.I,344 (lokassa °kāle).(Page 626) ,11,1
  15467. 488107,en,15,viparivattana,viparivattana,Viparivattana,Viparivattana,(nt.) [fr.viparivattati] changing,change.reverse DhsA.367.(Page 626) ,13,1
  15468. 488122,en,15,viparivattati,viparivattati,Viparivattati,Viparivattati,[vi+parivattati] to turn round,to upset J.IV,224 (nāvā °amānā capsizing); Miln.117; ThA.255.(Page 626) ,13,1
  15469. 488149,en,15,vipariyadikata,vipariyādikata,Vipariyādikata,Vipariyādikata,(adj.) [vipariyāya+kata,with sound change y›d,viz.°āyi›°ādi] thrown out of its course,upset,destroyed Th.1,184 (cittaṁ; cp.similar phrase vipariyatthaṁ cittaṁ J.V,372 -- The v.l.at Th.passage is <i>vimariyādi°</i>).(Page 626) ,14,1
  15470. 488163,en,15,vipariyattha,vipariyattha,Vipariyattha,Vipariyattha,in verse at J.V,372 is the poet.form of <i>vipallattha</i> (so the C.expl<sup>n</sup>).(Page 626) ,12,1
  15471. 488166,en,15,vipariyaya,vipariyaya,Vipariyaya,Vipariyaya, &#38; Vipariyāya [vi+pariyaya] change,reversal DA.I,148 (ā); SnA 499; DhsA.253 (ā); Sdhp.124,333.Cp.<i>vipariyesa </i>&<i> vipallāsa</i>.(Page 626) ,10,1
  15472. 488184,en,15,vipariyesa,vipariyesa,Vipariyesa,Vipariyesa,[a contamination form between °pariyaya &#38; °pallāsa] reversal,contrariness,wrong state Kvu 306 (three reversals:saññā°,citta°,diṭṭhi°; or of perception,consciousness &#38; views,cp.Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup> 176); Vbh.376 (id.).-- <i>°gāha</i> inverted grasp i.e.holding opposite views or “holding the contrary aim” (B.C.Law) Pug.22; DhsA.253 (=vipallattha-gāha).(Page 626) ,10,1
  15473. 488211,en,15,vipassaka,vipassaka,Vipassaka,Vipassaka,(adj.) [fr.vipassati] qualified to win insight,contemplating,gifted with introspection S.II,232; Ps.I,167; Miln.342,369; 393,VbhA.297.(Page 627) ,9,1
  15474. 488241,en,15,vipassana,vipassanā,Vipassanā,Vipassanā,(f.) [fr.vi+passati; BSk.vipaśyanā,e.g.Divy 44,95,264 etc.] inward vision,insight,intuition,introspection D.III,213,273; S.IV,195,360; V,52 (samatha+); A.I,61 (id.),95; II,140,157 (samatha+); IV,360; V,99,131; Ps.I,28,57 sq.181; II,92 sq.; Pug.25; J.I,106; Dhs.55,1356; Nett 7,42 sq.50,82,88 sq.125 sq.160,191; Miln.16; Vism.2 (with jhāna etc.),289 (+samādhi),628 sq.(the 18 mahā°); PvA.14 (samāhita-citta°),167; VvA.77; Sdhp.457,466.<br><br> <i>--aṅga</i> constituent of intuition SnA 8 (given as “nāmarūpa-pariccheda etc.”).<i>--upekkhā</i> indifference by introspection Vism.162.<i>--kammaṭṭhāna</i> exercise for intuition DhA.IV,46.<i>--ñāṇa</i> ability or method of attaining insight Vism.629; DhA.IV,30; cp.Cpd.65 sq.where 10 such modes.<i>--dhura</i> obligation of introspection DhA.I,8; IV,37 sq.(Page 627) ,9,1
  15475. 488687,en,15,vipassati,vipassati,Vipassati,Vipassati,[vi+passati] to see clearly; to have intuition,to obtain spiritual insight D.III,196 (ye nibbutā loke yathābhūtaṁ vipassisuṁ,aor.); Th.1,471; 2,271 (vipassi for °passasi); Sn.1115; J.III,183 (pabbajitvā vipassitvā arahattaṁ pāpuṇiṁsu).(Page 627) ,9,1
  15476. 488730,en,15,vipassin,vipassin,Vipassin,Vipassin,(adj.) [fr.vipassati] gifted with insight,wise A.IV,244; Sn.349; It.2=7.(Page 627) ,8,1
  15477. 488766,en,15,vipatati,vipatati,Vipatati,Vipatati,see vipāṭeti <sup>2</sup>.(Page 626) ,8,1
  15478. 488775,en,15,vipateti,vipāṭeti,Vipāṭeti,Vipāṭeti,[vi+pāṭeti] 1.to rip or tear open Vin.II,115.‹-› 2.to be destroyed,to fall to pieces (cp.pāṭeti &#38; Pass.pāṭiyati in sense of “destroy”) Pv IV.1<sup>46</sup> (saṅghāṭiyo vipātayanti T.; vv.ll.vināsayati &#38; vidālayati; PvA.240 expl<sup>s</sup> as Pass.<i>vipāḷiyati</i> [=vipaṭiyati?] with v.l.vidāliyati); J.V,33 (reads:muddhā <i>vipphaleyya</i> sattadhā:perhaps the best reading),493 (muddhā <i>vipateyya</i> [sic] sattadhā).See <i>vipphalati</i>.(Page 627) ,8,1
  15479. 488785,en,15,vipatha,vipatha,Vipatha,Vipatha,[vi+patha] wrong way or course Vv 50<sup>10</sup> (=<i>apatha</i> VvA.212).(Page 626) ,7,1
  15480. 488802,en,15,vipatti,vipatti,Vipatti,Vipatti,(f.) [vi+patti<sup>2</sup>] wrong state,false manifestation,failure,misfortune (opp.<i>sampatti</i>) Vin.I,171 (ācāra° failure of morality); A.I,270 (ājīva°); IV,26,160 (atta°,para°); Ps.I,122; J.VI,292; Nett 126 (the 3 vipattiyo:sīla°,diṭṭhi°,ācāra°); DhA.I,16 (sīla°) DA.I,235.‹-› Often in pair <i>diṭṭhi°</i> wrong view,heresy, &#38; <i>sīla°</i> moral failure:D.II,213; A.I,95,268,270; Vin.V,98; Vbh.361; Dhs.1361.-- <i>payoga°</i> wrong application PvA.117,136 (opp.°sampatti).(Page 626) ,7,1
  15481. 488884,en,15,viphala,viphala,Viphala,Viphala,(adj.) [vi+phala] fruitless,useless Sdhp.527.(Page 629) ,7,1
  15482. 488908,en,15,vipina,vipina,Vipina,Vipina,(nt.) [cp.*Sk.vipina,Halāyudha 2,55] wood,grove D.I,248 (doubtful; vv.ll.vijina,vivada,vivana); Ap 51 (vv.ll.vivana,vicina; C.vivana &#38; vipina); Dāvs.IV,39; PvA.81 (read vicitta!).(Page 627) ,6,1
  15483. 488922,en,15,vipitthi,vipiṭṭhi,Vipiṭṭhi,Vipiṭṭhi,[vi+piṭṭhi] in phrase vipiṭṭhi-katvā(na) Sn.67 &#38; 362,to turn one’s back on (Acc.),to leave behind,to abandon; cp.piṭṭhito karoti.The expl<sup>n</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 580 is pahāna etc.; at SnA 119 piṭṭhito katvā.(Page 627) ,8,1
  15484. 488957,en,15,vippahana,vippahāna,Vippahāna,Vippahāna,(nt.) [vi+pahāna] leaving,abandoning,giving up S.I,39=Sn.1109; Sn.1097; J.VI,260; Miln.181.(Page 628) ,9,1
  15485. 488973,en,15,vippahina,vippahīna,Vippahīna,Vippahīna,[pp.of vippajahati] given up,abandoned S.I,99; A.V,16,29 sq.; Sn.360,362.(Page 628) ,9,1
  15486. 488979,en,15,vippahita,vippahita,Vippahita,Vippahita,(nt.) [vi+pahita<sup>2</sup>] sending out in all directions,message J.III,386 (dūta°).(Page 628) ,9,1
  15487. 488989,en,15,vippajahati,vippajahati,Vippajahati,Vippajahati,[vi+pajahati] to give up,to abandon Sn.817 (inf.°pahātave),926 (Pot.°pajahe); ger.<i>°pahāya</i> Sn.367,499,514; J.I,87.-- pp.<i>vippahīna</i>.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15488. 489009,en,15,vippakara,vippakāra,Vippakāra,Vippakāra,[vi+pakāra] change,mutation,alteration J.VI,370; DhA.I,28; VvA.46.(Page 628) ,9,1
  15489. 489030,en,15,vippakaroti,vippakaroti,Vippakaroti,Vippakaroti,[vi+pa+<em>kṛ</em>] to ill-treat,abuse Vin.II,133.‹-› pp.<i>vippakata</i>.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15490. 489045,en,15,vippakata,vippakata,Vippakata,Vippakata,[pp.of vippakaroti; vi+pakata] 1.imperfectly executed,left unfinished,interrupted D.I,2 (cp.Dh.I,49); Vin.II,172,243,304; IV,279; A.II,196; J.I,120.-- 2.done wrongly J.V,214.-- At Vin.IV,358 (in Bdhgh’s remarks on Pāc.26,1) we find <i>vippagatamedhuna</i> as inaccurate spelling for vippakata-methuna (“interrupted intercourse”).(Page 628) ,9,1
  15491. 489103,en,15,vippakinna,vippakiṇṇa,Vippakiṇṇa,Vippakiṇṇa,[pp.of vippakirati] strewn all over,beset with,sprinkled (with) J.II,240; VI,42; DhA.I,140; DA.I,40; VvA.36.(Page 628) ,10,1
  15492. 489134,en,15,vippakinnata,vippakiṇṇatā,Vippakiṇṇatā,Vippakiṇṇatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.vippakiṇṇa] the fact of being beset or endowed (with) Vism.8.(Page 628) ,12,1
  15493. 489155,en,15,vippakirati,vippakirati,Vippakirati,Vippakirati,[vi+pakirati] 1.to strew all over PvA.92.‹-› 2.to confound,destroy J.II,398.-- pp.<i>vippakiṇṇa</i>.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15494. 489195,en,15,vippakkamati,vippakkamati,Vippakkamati,Vippakkamati,[vi+pakkamati] to part company,to go away Vin.IV,284.(Page 628) ,12,1
  15495. 489219,en,15,vippalambheti,vippalambheti,Vippalambheti,Vippalambheti,[vi+palambheti] to deceive,mock DA.I,151; ThA.78.(Page 628) ,13,1
  15496. 489234,en,15,vippalapa,vippalāpa,Vippalāpa,Vippalāpa,[vi+palāpa] confused talk,wailing Ps.I,38; PvA.18.(Page 628) ,9,1
  15497. 489264,en,15,vippalapati,vippalapati,Vippalapati,Vippalapati,[vi+palapati] to talk confusedly (as in one’s sleep),to chatter,wail,lament Vin.I,15; S.IV,303; J.I,61; III,217; IV,167; DhA.II,100; PvA.40,93.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15498. 489296,en,15,vippalujjati,vippalujjati,Vippalujjati,Vippalujjati,[vi+palujjati] to be broken up,to be destroyed Nd<sup>1</sup> 5.(Page 628) ,12,1
  15499. 489305,en,15,vippamokkha,vippamokkha,Vippamokkha,Vippamokkha,[vi+pamokkha] release,deliverance S.I,154; J.V,27.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15500. 489320,en,15,vippamutta,vippamutta,Vippamutta,Vippamutta,[vi+pamutta] S.I,4,29,50; III,31,83; IV,11; A.I,10; II,34; Sn.176,218,363,472,492,501,913; J.I,84; Vv 20<sup>4</sup>≈29<sup>10</sup>; Nd<sup>1</sup> 331,336.(Page 628) ,10,1
  15501. 489333,en,15,vippanattha,vippanaṭṭha,Vippanaṭṭha,Vippanaṭṭha,[vi+pp.of panassati] strayed,lost,perished Vv 84<sup>9</sup>=84<sup>44</sup> (=magga-sammūḷha VvA.337); J.IV,139; V,70; VI,525; Miln.326.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15502. 489343,en,15,vippasadeti,vippasādeti,Vippasādeti,Vippasādeti,[Caus.of vippasīdati] to purify,cleanse Sn.506.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15503. 489351,en,15,vippasanna,vippasanna,Vippasanna,Vippasanna,(adj.) [vi+pasanna] (quite) purified,clear; happy,bright,pure,sinless Vin.III,88 (°chavivaṇṇa); S.I,32 (cetas); III,2,235; IV,118,294; V,301; A.III,41,236; Sn.637; Dh.82,413 (=pasanna-citta DhA.IV,192); Pv.I,10<sup>10</sup> (=suṭṭhu pasanna); II,9<sup>35</sup>; Vism.262 (where KhA reads pasanna only); DhA.II,127; DA.I,221.(Page 628) ,10,1
  15504. 489420,en,15,vippasidati,vippasīdati,Vippasīdati,Vippasīdati,[vi+pasīdati] to become bright; fig.to be reconciled or pleased,to be satisfied or happy Dh.82; J.I,51; PvA.122 (mukha-vaṇṇa).Caus.<i>vippasādeti</i>.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15505. 489433,en,15,vippasukkhati,vippasukkhati,Vippasukkhati,Vippasukkhati,[vi+pa+sukkhati] to dry up entirely J.V,106.(Page 628) ,13,1
  15506. 489441,en,15,vippataccheti,vippataccheti,Vippataccheti,Vippataccheti,[vi+pa+taccheti] to scratch open or apart M.I,506.(Page 628) ,13,1
  15507. 489449,en,15,vippatikkula,vippaṭikkula,Vippaṭikkula,Vippaṭikkula,(adj.) [vi+paṭikkūla] contrary,antagonistic Dhs.1325=Pug.20.(Page 628) ,12,1
  15508. 489466,en,15,vippatipadeti,vippaṭipādeti,Vippaṭipādeti,Vippaṭipādeti,[Caus.of vippaṭipajjati] to cause to commit sin (esp.adultery) Vin.III,40.(Page 628) ,13,1
  15509. 489484,en,15,vippatipajjati,vippaṭipajjati,Vippaṭipajjati,Vippaṭipajjati,[vi+paṭipajjati.Cp.BSk.vipratipadyate Divy 293] to go astray; fig.to err,fail; to commit sin Vin.III,166; S.I,73; J.I,438.-- pp.<i>vippaṭipanna</i>.‹-› Caus.<i>vippaṭipādeti</i>.(Page 628) ,14,1
  15510. 489498,en,15,vippatipanna,vippaṭipanna,Vippaṭipanna,Vippaṭipanna,[pp.of vippaṭipajjati] “on the wrong track,” going or gone astray,committing sin Pv IV.1<sup>59</sup> (°citta=adhammiyaṁ paṭipadaṁ paṭipanna PvA.242).(Page 628) ,12,1
  15511. 489513,en,15,vippatipatti,vippaṭipatti,Vippaṭipatti,Vippaṭipatti,(f.) [vi+paṭipatti] wrong way,error,sin Vism.511.(Page 628) ,12,1
  15512. 489524,en,15,vippatisara,vippaṭisāra,Vippaṭisāra,Vippaṭisāra,[vi+paṭisāra] bad conscience,remorse,regret,repentance Vin.II,250; D.I,138; S.III,120,125; IV,46; A.III,166,197,353; IV,69; J.IV,12; V,88; Pug.62; DhA.IV,42; VvA.116; PvA.14,60,105,152.-- <i>a°</i> no regret,no remorse A.III,46.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15513. 489584,en,15,vippatisarin,vippaṭisārin,Vippaṭisārin,Vippaṭisārin,(adj.) [fr.vippaṭisāra; cp.BSk.vipratisārin Divy 322,638] remorseful,regretful,repentant S.III,125; IV,133,320 sq.359 sq.; A.III,165 sq.; IV,244,390; J.I,200; Miln.10,285; Tikp 321,346.(Page 628) ,12,1
  15514. 489600,en,15,vippavadati,vippavadati,Vippavadati,Vippavadati,[vi+pavadati] to dispute,disagree J.IV,163; VI,267.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15515. 489610,en,15,vippavasa,vippavāsa,Vippavāsa,Vippavāsa,[vi+pavāsa] absence; in <i>sati°</i> absence of mind,neglect,absentmindedness,thoughtlessness J.I,410; SnA 339; <i>a°</i> thoughtfulness,mindfulness Vin.V,216; Sn.1142; J.IV,92.(Page 628) ,9,1
  15516. 489648,en,15,vippavasati,vippavasati,Vippavasati,Vippavasati,[vi+pavasati] to go from home,to be away from (Abl.),to be absent Sn.1138 (=apeti apagacchati vinā hoti Nd<sup>2</sup> 582); J.IV,51,439.-- pp.<i>vippavuttha</i>.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15517. 489689,en,15,vippaviddha,vippaviddha,Vippaviddha,Vippaviddha,[pp.of vippavijjhati,vi+pa+<em>vyadh</em>] pierced through and through J.I,61.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15518. 489702,en,15,vippavuttha,vippavuttha,Vippavuttha,Vippavuttha,[pp.of vippavasati] absent; <i>°sati</i> neglectful DhA.I,239.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15519. 489719,en,15,vippayoga,vippayoga,Vippayoga,Vippayoga,[vi+payoga] separation Sn.41; PvA.161 (piya°).(Page 628) ,9,1
  15520. 489761,en,15,vippayutta,vippayutta,Vippayutta,Vippayutta,[vi+payutta] separated S.II,173 (visaṁyutta+); Sn.914 (or °mutta).<i>--°paccaya</i> the relation of dissociation Tikp 6,53 sq.65; Vism.539.(Page 628) ,10,1
  15521. 489791,en,15,vipphala,vipphala,Vipphala,Vipphala,(or is it <i>pipphala</i>?)=phala at J.VI,518.(Page 628) ,8,1
  15522. 489793,en,15,vipphalati,vipphalati,Vipphalati,Vipphalati,[vi+phalati] (intrs.) to split open,to burst asunder:so read at J.V,33,493 (for vipatati); Pv IV.1<sup>46</sup> (for vipāteti); see detail under <i>vipāṭeti</i>.(Page 628) ,10,1
  15523. 489797,en,15,vipphaleti,vipphāleti,Vipphāleti,Vipphāleti,[vi+<em>sphar</em><i>:</i> cp.phālita 1.It is not=vi+ phāleti] to expand,to bend or draw the bow J.VI,580.(Page 629) ,10,1
  15524. 489806,en,15,vipphalita,vipphālita,Vipphālita,Vipphālita,(adj.) [vi+phālita 2] split open,cut to pieces PvA.152 (su°; so read for vipphalita); Sdhp.188 (°aṅga).(Page 629) ,10,1
  15525. 489839,en,15,vipphandati,vipphandati,Vipphandati,Vipphandati,[vi+phandati; cp.BSk.vispandati Jtm 11 to twitch,writhe,struggle Vv 52<sup>16</sup> (52<sup>14</sup> Ha.); J.IV,495 -- pp.<i>vipphandita</i>.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15526. 489852,en,15,vipphandita,vipphandita,Vipphandita,Vipphandita,(nt.) [pp.of vipphandati] “writhing,” twitching,struggle M.I,446; S.II,62; -- (fig.) in <i>diṭṭhi°</i> comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>visūkāyita</i>) “scuffling of opinion” (Mrs.Rh.D.),sceptical agitation,worry &#38; writhing (cp.Dial.I.53) M.I,8,486; S.I,123 (here without diṭṭhi°; the C.expl<sup>n</sup> is “hatthirājavaṇṇa sappavaṇṇ’ādidassa nāni” K.S.I.320); Dhs.381; Pug.22.(Page 628) ,11,1
  15527. 489869,en,15,vipphara,vipphāra,Vipphāra,Vipphāra,[fr.vi+pharati 1 or 2] diffusion,pervasion,(adj.) pervading,spreading out A.I,171 (vitakka-vip phāra-sadda,cp.Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup> 241),206 (mahājutika mahā vipphāra); IV,252; Ps.I,112 sq.; II,174; J.III,12 (mahā° +mahājutika); V,150 (id.); Miln.230 &#38; 270 (vacī° dilating in talk),130,346; Vism.42; DA.I,192; VvA.103 (mahā°+mahājutika); PvA.178 (karuṇā°).(Page 628) ,8,1
  15528. 489890,en,15,vippharavant,vipphāravant,Vipphāravant,Vipphāravant,(adj.) [fr.vipphāra,cp.pharati 1 &#38; vipphurati] possessing vibration DhsA.115=Vism.142.(Page 629) ,12,1
  15529. 489897,en,15,vippharika,vipphārika,Vipphārika,Vipphārika,(adj.) [fr.vi+pharati 2] spreading out (in effulgence) VvA.5 (mahā°).(Page 629) ,10,1
  15530. 489909,en,15,vippharita,vipphārita,Vipphārita,Vipphārita,[pp.of Caus.vi+pharati] expanded Dāvs.V,34 (°akkhi-yugala,both eyes wide open).(Page 629) ,10,1
  15531. 489916,en,15,vipphotita,vipphoṭita,Vipphoṭita,Vipphoṭita,(adj.) [vi+phoṭita:see phoṭa,cp.BSk.visphoṭa open Divy 603] burst open (of a boil) Th.1,306.(Page 629) ,10,1
  15532. 489932,en,15,vipphurana,vipphuraṇa,Vipphuraṇa,Vipphuraṇa,(nt.) [vi+phuraṇa=pharaṇa] spreading out,effulgence,pervasion VvA.277.(Page 629) ,10,1
  15533. 489951,en,15,vipphurati,vipphurati,Vipphurati,Vipphurati,[vi+phurati:see pharati] to vibrate,tremble,quiver,fly asunder,diffuse J.I,51; SnA 225; VvA.12 (vijjotamāna vipphurato).(Page 629) ,10,1
  15534. 489967,en,15,vippita,vippita,Vippita,Vippita,at J.VI,185 is to be read <i>cipiṭa</i> (“flat”).(Page 628) ,7,1
  15535. 489975,en,15,vipubbaka,vipubbaka,Vipubbaka,Vipubbaka,(adj.) [fr.vi+pubba<sup>1</sup>] full of corruption or matter,festering (said of a dead body).The contemplation (saññā) of a festering corpse is one of the asubhakammaṭṭhānas.-- M.I,58,88; III,91; A.III,324.‹-› As °saññā:A.II,17; V,310; Dhs.264; Nett 27; Miln.102,332; Vism.110,178,193.(Page 627) ,9,1
  15536. 489995,en,15,vipula,vipula,Vipula,Vipula,(adj.) [cp.Sk.vipula] large,extensive,great,abundant.The word is poetical.-- D.III,150; A.I,45 (°paññatā); Sn.41,675,687,978,994; Th.1,588; Nd<sup>1</sup> 581 (=adhimatta); Vv 67<sup>6</sup> (=mahanta VvA.290); Ap 40; Pv.II,1<sup>18</sup>; II,4<sup>9</sup>; II,9<sup>69</sup> (=ulāra PvA.139); Miln.164,311,404; PvA.7,76; Sdhp.271.(Page 627) ,6,1
  15537. 490164,en,15,viputta,viputta,Viputta,Viputta,(adj.) [vi+putta] without a son,bereft of his son J.V,106.(Page 627) ,7,1
  15538. 490171,en,15,vira,vīra,Vīra,Vīra,[Vedic vīra; cp.Av.vīra,Lat.vir,virtus “virtue”; Gotu.wair,Ohg,Ags wer; to <i>vayas</i> strength etc.; cp.viriya] manly,mighty,heroic; a hero S.I,137; Sn.44,165 (not dhīra),642,1096,1102; Th.1,736 (nara° hero); Nd<sup>2</sup> 609; DhA.IV,225.--<i>mahā°</i> a hero S.I,110,193; III,83 (of the Arahant).--<i>vīra</i> is often an Ep.of the Buddha.<br><br> <i>--aṅgarūpa</i> built like a hero,heroic,divine D.I,89; II,16; III,59,142,145; S.I,89; Sn.p.106; expl<sup>d</sup> as “<i>devaputta-sadisa-kāya</i>” at DA.I,250 &#38; SnA 450.‹-› The BSk.equivalent is <i>var-</i>aṅga-rūpin (distorted fr.vīr°),e.g.MVastu I.49; II,158; III,197.(Page 644) ,4,1
  15539. 490194,en,15,viracita,viracita,Viracita,Viracita,[vi+racita] 1.put together,composed,made VvA.14,183.-- 2.ornamented ThA.257; VvA.188.(Page 633) ,8,1
  15540. 490208,en,15,viraddha,viraddha,Viraddha,Viraddha,[pp.of virajjhati] failed,missed,neglecte S.V,23 (ariyo maggo v.),179 (satipaṭṭhānā viraddhā 254,294; Nd<sup>1</sup> 512; J.I,174,490; II,384; IV,71,497; Nett 132.(Page 633) ,8,1
  15541. 490237,en,15,viraddhi,viraddhi,Viraddhi,Viraddhi,(f.) (missing,failure?) at Vin.I,359 is uncertain reading.The vv.ll.are visuddhi,visandi &#38; visandhi,with expl<sup>ns</sup> “viddhaṭṭhāna” &#38; “viraddhaṭṭhāna”:see p.395.(Page 633) ,8,1
  15542. 490254,en,15,viradhana,virādhanā,Virādhanā,Virādhanā,(f.) [fr.virādheti] failing,failure D.II,287; A.V,211 sq.(Page 634) ,9,1
  15543. 490291,en,15,viradheti,virādheti,Virādheti,Virādheti,[vi+rādheti<sup>1</sup>,or Caus.of virajjhati] to miss,omit,fail,transgress,sin Sn.899; Th.1,37,1113 <i>virāye</i> for virādhaya C.may be <i>virāge</i>,cp.Brethren 375<sup>2</sup> &#38; see <i>virāgeti</i>); Nd<sup>1</sup> 312; J.I,113; Ap.47; PvA.59.-- Cp.<i>virageti</i>.-- pp.<i>virādhita</i>.(Page 634) ,9,1
  15544. 490304,en,15,viradhita,virādhita,Virādhita,Virādhita,[pp.of virādheti] failed,missed,lost J.V,400; Pv IV.1<sup>3</sup> (=pariccatta C.).(Page 634) ,9,1
  15545. 490315,en,15,viraga,virāga,Virāga,Virāga,[vi+rāga] 1.absence of rāga,dispassionateness,indifference towards (Abl.or Loc.) disgust,absence of desire,destruction of passions; waning,fading away,cleansing,purifying; emancipation,Arahantship.‹-› D.III,130 sq.136 sq.222,243,251,290; S.I,136; III,19 sq.59 sq.163,189; IV,33 sq.47,226,365; V,226,255,361; A.I,100,299; II,26; III,35,85,325 sq.; IV,146 sq.423 sq.; V,112,359; Th.1,599; Sn.795; Ps.II,220 sq.; Nd<sup>1</sup> 100; Kvu 600=Dh.273=Nett 188 (virāgo seṭṭho dhammānaṁ); Dhs.163; Nett 16,29; Vism.290 (khaya° &#38; accanta°) 293.-- Often nearly synonymous with <i>nibbāna</i>,in the description of which it occurs frequently in foll.formula:<i>taṇhakkhaya virāga nirodha nibbāna</i>,e.g.S.I,136; Vin.I,5; A.II,118; It.88; -- or comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>nibbidā virāga nirodha upasama </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> nibbāna</i>,e.g.M.I,431; S.II,223; cp.<i>nibbāna</i> II.B<sup>1</sup> &#38; III,8.-- In other connection (more objectively as “destruction”):<i>aniccatā</i> saṅkhārānaṁ etc.<i>vipariṇāma virāga nirodha</i>,e.g.S.III,43; (as “ceasing,fading away”:) <i>khaya</i>(-dhamma liable to),<i>vaya°</i>,<i> virāga°</i>,<i> nirodha°</i> M.I,500; S.II,26.-- 2.colouring,diversity or display of colour,dye,hue (=rāga 1) J.I,89 (nānā°-samujjala blazing forth different colours); 395 (nānā° variously dyed); PvA.50 (nānā°-vaṇṇa-samujjala).(Page 634) ,6,1
  15546. 490394,en,15,viragata,virāgatā,Virāgatā,Virāgatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.rāga] disinterestedness,absence of lust Kvu 212=Ud.10.(Page 634) ,8,1
  15547. 490409,en,15,virageti,virāgeti,Virāgeti,Virāgeti,[for virādheti,as in BSk.virāgayati (e.g.Divy 131,133) to displease,estrange,the fig.meaning of virāgeti like BSk.ārāgeti for Pāli ārādheti in lit &#38; fig.meanings] to fail,miss; only at M.I,327 (puriso narakapapāte papatanto hatthehi ca pādehi ca paṭhaviṁ virāgeyya “would miss the earth”; differently Neumann:“Boden zu fassen suchte,” i.e.tried to touch ground).-- Perhaps also in <i>virāgāya</i> (either as ger.to virāgeti or as Instr.to virāga in sense of <i>virādha(na)</i>) Pv.I,11<sup>7</sup> (sukhaṁ virāgāya,with gloss virāgena,i.e.spurning one’s good fortune; expl<sup>d</sup> as <i>virajjhitvā virādhetvā</i> at PvA.59).Cp.virāye (=virāge?) at Th.1,1113 (see virādheti).(Page 634) ,8,1
  15548. 490416,en,15,viragin,virāgin,Virāgin,Virāgin,(adj.) [fr.virāga 2,cp.rāgin] 1.discoloured,fading in colour J.III,88 (fig.saddhā avirāginī),148 (rāga° fading in the original dye,of citta).-- 2.changing,reversing A.III,416 (of dukkha:dandha° &#38; khippa° of slow &#38; quick change; v.l.M6 is viparāgi,which may represent a vipariyāyi,i.e.changing).(Page 634) ,7,1
  15549. 490420,en,15,viragita,virāgita,Virāgita,Virāgita,(adj.) [fr.vi+*rāgeti,denom.of rāga?] at J.V,96 is not clear.It is said of beautiful women &#38; expl<sup>d</sup> by C.as vilagga-sarīrā,tanumajjhā,i.e.“having slender waists.” Could it be “excited with passion” or “exciting passion”? Or could it be an old misreading for <i>virājita<sup>2</sup></i>? It may also be a distorted <i>vilāka</i> (q.v.) or <i>vilaggita</i>.(Page 634) ,8,1
  15550. 490428,en,15,viraguna,virāguṇa,Virāguṇa,Virāguṇa,in meaning “fading away,waning” in verse at It.69 (of viññāṇa) is doubtful reading.It corresponds to virāgadhamma of the prose part (virāgudh° vv.ll.).The v.l.is <i>pabhaṅguṇa</i> (which might be preferable,unless we regard it as an explanation of <i>virāgin</i>,if we should write it thus).(Page 634) ,8,1
  15551. 490454,en,15,viraha,viraha,Viraha,Viraha,(adj.) [vi+raho] empty,rid of,bar,without PvA.137,139 (sīla°).(Page 634) ,6,1
  15552. 490473,en,15,virahita,virahita,Virahita,Virahita,(adj.) [vi+rahita] empty,exempt from,rid of,without Miln.330 (dosa°); PvA.139.(Page 634) ,8,1
  15553. 490490,en,15,viraja,viraja,Viraja,Viraja,(adj.) [vi+rajo] free from defilement or passion,stainless,faultless Vin.I,294 (āgamma maggaṁ virajaṁ); Sn.139,520,636,1105 (see exegesis at Nd<sup>2</sup> 590); Pv III,3<sup>6</sup> (=vigata-raja,niddosa PvA.189); DhA.IV,142,187; DA.I,237.Often in phrase <i>virajaṁ vītamalaṁ dhamma-cakkhuṁ udapādi</i> “there arose in him the stainless eye of the Arahant,” e.g.Vin.I,16; S.IV,47.--<i>virajaṁ</i> (+asokaṁ) <i>padaṁ</i> “the stainless (+painless) element” is another expression for <i>Nibbāna</i>,e.g.S.IV,210; A.IV,157,160; It.37,46; Vv 16<sup>9</sup>; similarly <i>ṭhānaṁ</i> (for padaṁ) Pv.II,3<sup>33</sup> (=sagga PvA.89).(Page 633) ,6,1
  15554. 490508,en,15,virajati,virājati,Virājati,Virājati,[vi+rājati] to shine PvA.189 (=virocati).(Page 634) ,8,1
  15555. 490546,en,15,virajeti,virājeti,Virājeti,Virājeti,see <i>virajjati</i>.(Page 634) ,8,1
  15556. 490562,en,15,virajita,virājita,Virājita,Virājita,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of Caus.of virājati] shining out,resplendent J.II,33 (mora ...suratta-rāji-virājita here perhaps =streaked?).Cp.<i>virāgita</i>.(Page 634) ,8,1
  15557. 490563,en,15,virajita,virājita,Virājita,Virājita,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of virājeti] cleansed,discarded as rāga,given up S.IV,158 (dosa); J.III,404 (=pahīna C.).(Page 634) ,8,1
  15558. 490578,en,15,virajjaka,virajjaka,Virajjaka,Virajjaka,(adj.) [vi+rajja+ka] separated from one’s kingdom,living in a foreign country VvA.336.(Page 633) ,9,1
  15559. 490591,en,15,virajjana,virajjana,Virajjana,Virajjana,(nt.) [fr.virajjati; cp.rajjana] discolouring J.III,148 (rajjana+).(Page 633) ,9,1
  15560. 490628,en,15,virajjati,virajjati,Virajjati,Virajjati,[vi+rajjati] to detach oneself,to free oneself of passion,to show lack of interest in (Loc.).S.II,94,125 (nibbindaṁ [ppr.] virajjati); III,46,189; IV,2,86; A.V,3; Sn.739=S.IV,205 (tattha); Th.1,247; Sn.813 (na rajjati na virajjati),853; Nd<sup>1</sup> 138,237; Miln.245; Sdhp.613.-- pp.<i>viratta</i>.-- Caus.<i>virājeti</i> to put away,to estrange (Acc.) from (Loc.),to cleanse (oneself) of passion (Loc.),to purify,to discard as rāga D.II,51; S.I,16=Sn.171 (ettha chandaṁ v.=vinetvā viddhaṁsetvā SnA 213); S.IV,17=Kvu 178; A.II,196 (rajanīyesu dhammesu cittaṁ v.); Sn.139,203; Th.1,282; Pv.II,13<sup>19</sup> (itthi-cittaṁ=viratta-citta PvA.168); ThA.49; DhA.I,327 (itthi-bhāve chandaṁ v.to give up desire for femininity).-- pp.<i>virājita</i>.(Page 633) ,9,1
  15561. 490662,en,15,virajjhati,virajjhati,Virajjhati,Virajjhati,[vi+<em>rādh</em><i>;</i> cp.Sk.virādhyati:see rādheti<sup>1</sup>] to fail,miss,lose S.IV,117; J.I,17,490 (aor.virajjhi); II,432 (id.); PvA.59.-- pp.<i>viraddha</i>.-- Caus.<i>virādheti</i> (q.v.).(Page 633) ,10,1
  15562. 490719,en,15,virala,virala,Virala,Virala,( &#38; Viraḷa) (adj.) [connected with Vedic ṛtē excluding,without, &#38; nirṛti perishing; cp.also Gr.e)ρhmos lonely; Lat.rarus=rare] 1.sparse,rare,thin Th.2,254 (of hair,expl<sup>d</sup> as vilūna-kesa ThA.210,i.e.almost bald; spelling ḷ); DhsA.238 (ḷ); DhA.I,122 (°cchanna thinly covered); PvA.4 (in ratta-vaṇṇa-virala-mālā read better with v.l.as ratta-kaṇavīra-mālā,cp.J.III,59).(Page 633) ,6,1
  15563. 490761,en,15,viralita,viralita,Viralita,Viralita,[pp.of denom.of virala=viraleti,cp.Sk.viralāyate to be rare] thin,sparse,rare Dāvs.IV,24 (a°),with v.l.<i>viraḷita</i>.(Page 633) ,8,1
  15564. 490781,en,15,viramana,viramaṇa,Viramaṇa,Viramaṇa,(nt.) (-°) [fr.viramati] abstinence,abstaining from (-°) Mhvs 14,48 (uccā-seyyā°).(Page 633) ,8,1
  15565. 490830,en,15,viramati,viramati,Viramati,Viramati,[vi+ramati] to stop,cease; to desist (Abl.),abstain,refrain Sn.400 (Pot.°meyya),828 (Pot.°me),925; Nd<sup>1</sup> 168,376; Th.2,397 (aor.viramāsi,cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 165<sup>1</sup>); Pv IV.3<sup>55</sup> (pāpadassanaṁ,Acc.); Miln.85; PvA.204.(Page 633) ,8,1
  15566. 490875,en,15,virana,viraṇa,Viraṇa,Viraṇa,(adj.nt.) [vi+raṇa] without fight or harm,peace Sdhp.579.(Page 633) ,6,1
  15567. 490881,en,15,virandha,virandha,Virandha,Virandha,[vi+randha<sup>2</sup>] opening; defect,flaw Nd<sup>1</sup> 165.(Page 633) ,8,1
  15568. 490898,en,15,virata,virata,Virata,Virata,[pp.of viramati] abstaining from (Abl.) Sn.59,531,704,900,1070; Nd<sup>1</sup> 314; Nd<sup>2</sup> 591; VvA.72; Sdhp.338.(Page 633) ,6,1
  15569. 490912,en,15,virati,virati,Virati,Virati,(f.) [vi+rati] abstinence Mhvs 20,58.The three viratis given at DA.I,305 (=veramaṇī) are sampatta°,samādāna°,setughāta° (q.v.).Cp.DhsA.154 (tisso viratiyo),218; Sdhp.215,341 &#38; Cpd.244,n.2.(Page 633) ,6,1
  15570. 490978,en,15,viratta,viratta,Viratta,Viratta,[pp.of virajjati] dispassioned,free from passion,detached,unattached to,displeased with (Loc.) S.III,45 (rūpadhātuyā cittaṁ virattaṁ vimuttaṁ); Sn.204 (chandarāga°),235 (°citta āyatike bhavasmiṁ); A.V,3,313; J.V,233 (mayi); Sdhp.613.(Page 633) ,7,1
  15571. 491011,en,15,virava,virava,Virava,Virava,( &#38; °rāva) [vi+rava &#38; rāva; cp.Vedic virava] shouting out,roaring; crying (of animals) J.I,25,74 (ā),203 (of elephants); V,9 (ā,of swans).(Page 633) ,6,1
  15572. 491018,en,15,virava,virāva,Virāva,Virāva,see <i>virava</i>.(Page 634) ,6,1
  15573. 491069,en,15,viravati,viravati,Viravati,Viravati,[vi+ravati] 1.to shout (out),to cry aloud; to utter a cry or sound (of animals) J.II,350 (kikī sakuṇo viravi); V,206; Mhvs 12,49 (mahārāvaṁ viraviṁsu mahājanā); PvA.154,217,245 (vissaraṁ),279 (id.); Sdhp.179,188,291.-- 2.to rattle J.I,51.-- Caus.<i>virāveti</i> to sound Mhvs 21,15 (ghaṇṭaṁ to ring a bell).(Page 633) ,8,1
  15574. 491109,en,15,virecana,virecana,Virecana,Virecana,(nt.) [vi+recana,<em>ric</em>] purging,a purgative Vin.I,206 (°ṁ pātuṁ to drink a p.),279 (id.); D.I,12; A.V,218; J.III,48 (sineha° an oily or softening purgative); DA.I,98.(Page 635) ,8,1
  15575. 491116,en,15,virecaniya,virecaniya,Virecaniya,Virecaniya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.virecana] (one who is) to be treated with a purgative Miln.169.(Page 635) ,10,1
  15576. 491134,en,15,vireceti,vireceti,Vireceti,Vireceti,[vi+Caus.of riñcati] to purge Miln.229,335.(Page 635) ,8,1
  15577. 491147,en,15,vireka,vireka,Vireka,Vireka,<i>=virecana</i>; Miln.134 (cp.Vin.I,279).(Page 635) ,6,1
  15578. 491163,en,15,viriccati,viriccati,Viriccati,Viriccati,[Pass.of vi+riñcati] to get purged D.II,128 (ppr.viriccamāna).-- pp.<i>viritta</i>.-- Cp.<i>vireka</i>.(Page 634) ,9,1
  15579. 491183,en,15,viritta,viritta,Viritta,Viritta,[pp.of viriccati] purged Miln.214.(Page 634) ,7,1
  15580. 491195,en,15,viriya,viriya,Viriya,Viriya,(nt.) [fr.vīra; cp.Vedic vīrya &#38; vīria] lit.“state of a strong man,” i.e.vigour,energy,effort,exertion.On term see also Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> § 13; Cpd.242.-- D.III,113,120 sq.255 sq.; S.II,132,206 sq.; Sn.79,184,353,422,531,966,1026 (chanda°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 476,487; Nd<sup>2</sup> 394; J.I,178 (viriyaṁ karoti,with Loc.); Pug.71; Vbh.10; Nett 16,28; Tikp 60,63; Miln.36; Vism.160 (°upekkhā),462; KhA 96; SnA 489; DhA.IV,231; DA.I,63; DhsA.120; VvA.14; PvA.98,129; Sdhp.343,517.‹-› <i>accāraddha°</i> too much exertion M.III,159; A.III,375; opp.<i>atilīna°</i> too little ibid; <i>uṭṭhāna°</i> initiative or rousing energy S.I,21,217; A.III,76; IV,282; ThA.267; PvA.129; <i>nara°</i> manly strength J.IV,478,487.<i>--viriyaṁ āra(m)bhati</i> to put forth energy,to make an effort S.II,28; IV,125; V,9,244 sq.; A.I,39,282,296; II,15= IV.462.-- As adj.(-°) in <i>alīna°</i> alert,energetic J.I,22; <i>āraddha°</i> full of energy,putting forth energy,strenuous S.I,53,166,198; II,29,207 sq.; IV,224; V,225; A.I,4,12; II,76,228 sq.; III,65,127; IV,85,229,291,357; V,93,95,153,335; J.I,110; <i>ossaṭṭha°</i> one who has given up effort J.I,110; <i>hīna°</i> lacking in energy It.34 (here as vīriya,in metre).-- <i>v</i>.is one of the <i>indriyas</i>,the <i>balas</i> &#38; the <i>sambojjhaṅgas</i> (q.v.).<br><br> <i>--ârambha</i> “putting forth of energy,” application of exertion,will,energy,resolution D.III,252; S.II,202; IV,175; A.I,12; III,117; IV,15 sq.280; V,123 sq.; Ps.I,103 sq.; Vbh.107,194,208; DhsA.145,146.<i>--indriya</i> the faculty of energy D.III,239,278; S.V,196 sq.; Dhs.13; Vbh.123; Nett 7,15,19; VbhA.276.<i>--bala</i> the power of energy D.III,229,253; A.IV,363; J.I,109.<i>--saṁvara</i> restraint by will Vism.7; SnA 8; DhsA.351.(Page 634) ,6,1
  15581. 491232,en,15,viriyata,viriyatā,Viriyatā,Viriyatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.viriya] manliness,energy,strength M.I,19; VvA.284.(Page 634) ,8,1
  15582. 491237,en,15,viriyavant,viriyavant,Viriyavant,Viriyavant,(adj.) [viriya+vant] energetic A.I,236; Sn.528,531 (four-syllabic),548 (three-syllabic); Vism.3 (=ātāpin); Sdhp.475.(Page 634) ,10,1
  15583. 491301,en,15,virocati,virocati,Virocati,Virocati,[vi+rocati] to shine (forth),to be brilliant Vin.II,296 (tapati,bhāsati,v.); Sn.378,550; It.64 (virocare); J.I,18,89; IV,233; Pv.I,11<sup>4</sup>; II,9<sup>62</sup>; III,3<sup>5</sup> (=virājati PvA.189); DhA.I,446; IV,143; DhsA.14; PvA.110 (°amāna=sobhamāna),136 sq.157.Cp.<i>verocana</i>.‹-› Caus.<i>viroceti</i> to illumine Miln.336.(Page 635) ,8,1
  15584. 491354,en,15,virodha,virodha,Virodha,Virodha,[vi+rodha<sup>1</sup>] obstruction,hindrance,opposition,enmity S.I,111; IV,71,210; Sn.362; Pug.18,22; Kvu 485; Miln.394; DhsA.39.--<i>avirodha</i> absence of obstruction,gentleness M.II,105=Th.1,875; Pv III,7<sup>3</sup>.(Page 635) ,7,1
  15585. 491374,en,15,virodhana,virodhana,Virodhana,Virodhana,(adj.nt.) [fr.virodheti] opposing,obstruction,opposition,contradiction,only neg.a° absence of opposition,J.III,274,320,412; V,378.(Page 635) ,9,1
  15586. 491429,en,15,virodheti,virodheti,Virodheti,Virodheti,[Caus.of virundhati] to cause obstruction,to render hostile,to be in disharmony,to exasperate S.IV,379=A.V,320 (which latter passage reads <i>viggaṇhati</i> instead); Sdhp.45,496.-- pp.<i>virodhita</i>.(Page 635) ,9,1
  15587. 491466,en,15,virodhita,virodhita,Virodhita,Virodhita,[pp.of virodheti] obstructed,rendered hostile Pgdp 90 (or is it <i>virādhita</i>?).(Page 635) ,9,1
  15588. 491490,en,15,virosana,virosanā,Virosanā,Virosanā,(f.) [vi+rosanā] causing anger Vbh.86; VbhA.75.(Page 635) ,8,1
  15589. 491505,en,15,viruddha,viruddha,Viruddha,Viruddha,[pp.of virundhati] hindered,obstructed,disturbed S.I,236; Sn.248,630; Nd<sup>1</sup> 239; Miln.99,310; J.I,97.-- Often neg.a° unobstructed,free S.I,236; IV,71; A.III,276 (°ka); Dh.406; Sn.365,704,854; VbhA.148=Vism.543.<br><br> <i>--gabbha-karaṇa</i> (using charms for) procuring abortion D.I,11; DA.I,96 (expl<sup>d</sup> here as first trying to destroy the fœtus and afterwards giving medicine for its preservation).See also <i>viruta</i>.(Page 634) ,8,1
  15590. 491579,en,15,viruhana,virūhanā,Virūhanā,Virūhanā,(f.) &#38; °a (nt.) [vi+rūhanā] growing,growth J.II,323 (f.); Miln.354; Vism.220; DA.I,161; PvA.7.(Page 635) ,8,1
  15591. 491628,en,15,viruhati,virūhati,Virūhati,Virūhati,[vi+rūhati<sup>1</sup>] to grow,sprout It.113; Miln.386; DA.I,120.-- Cp.paṭi°.-- pp.<i>virūḷha</i>.-- Caus II.<i>virūhāpeti</i> to make grow,to foster Miln.386.(Page 635) ,8,1
  15592. 491644,en,15,virujaka,virujaka,Virujaka,Virujaka,(vīṇā°) lute-player J.VI,51 (=vīṇā-vādaka C.).See <i>rujaka</i>.(Page 634) ,8,1
  15593. 491652,en,15,virujjhana,virujjhana,Virujjhana,Virujjhana,(nt.) [fr.virujjhati] obstructing or being obstructed,obstruction,J.VI,448.(Page 634) ,10,1
  15594. 491671,en,15,virujjhati,virujjhati,Virujjhati,Virujjhati,[vi+rujjhati] to be obstructed Sn.73 (avirujjhamāna unobstructed); J.VI,12.(Page 634) ,10,1
  15595. 491701,en,15,virulha,virūḷha,Virūḷha,Virūḷha,[pp.of virūhati] having grown,growing S.II,65 (viññāṇe virūḷhe āyatiṁ punnabbhav’âbhinibbatti hoti).(Page 635) ,7,1
  15596. 491748,en,15,virulhi,virūḷhi,Virūḷhi,Virūḷhi,(f.) [vi+rūḷhi,of <em>ruh</em>] growth M.I,250; S.III,53; A.III,8,404 sq.; V,152 sq.161,350 sq.; It.113; Miln.33; Mhvs 15,42; VbhA.196.--<i>avirūḷhi-dhamma</i> not liable to growth Sn.235; DhA.I,245.(Page 635) ,7,1
  15597. 491768,en,15,virupa,virūpa,Virūpa,Virūpa,(adj.) [vi+rūpa] deformed,unsightly,ugly Sn.50; J.I,47; IV,379; VI,31,114; PvA.24,32,47; Sdhp.85.<br><br> at Sn.50 virūpa is taken as “various” by Bdhgh (SnA 99),and virūpa-rūpa expl<sup>d</sup> as vividha-rūpa,i.e.diversity,variety.So also the Niddesa.(Page 635) ,6,1
  15598. 491858,en,15,viruta,viruta,Viruta,Viruta,(nt.) [vi+ruta] noise,sound (of animals),cry Sn.927; expl<sup>d</sup> as “virudaṁ [spelling with d,like ruda for ruta] vuccati-miga-cakkaṁ; miga-cakka-pāthakā [i.e.experts in the ways of animals; knowers of auspices] migacakkaṁ ādisanti” at Nd<sup>1</sup> 382; and as “mig’ādīnaṁ vassitaṁ” at SnA 564.The passage is a little doubtful,when we compare the expression <i>viruṭañ ca gabbhakaraṇaṁ</i> at Sn.927 with the passage <i>viruddha-gabbhakaraṇaṁ</i> at D.I,11 (cp.DA.I,96),which seems more original.(Page 634) ,6,1
  15599. 491868,en,15,visa,visa,Visa,Visa,(nt.) [cp.Vedic viṣa; Av.viš poison,Gr.i)όs,Lat.vīrus,Oir.fī:all meaning “poison”] poison,virus,venom M.I,316=S.II,110; Th.1,418; 768; Sn.1 (sappa° snake venom); A.II,110; J.I,271 (halāhala° deadly p.); III,201; IV,222; Pug.48; Miln.302; PvA.62,256; ThA.489.-- On <i>visa</i> in similes see J.P.T.S.1907,137.Cp.<i>āsī°</i>.<br><br> <i>--uggāra</i> vomiting of poison SnA 176.<i>--kaṇṭaka</i> a poisoned thorn or arrow,also name of a sort of sugar DhsA.203.<i>--kumbha</i> a vessel filled with p.It.86.<i>--pānaka</i> a drink of p.DhA.II,15.<i>--pīta</i> (an arrow) dipped into poison (lit.which has drunk poison).At another place (see pīta<sup>1</sup>) we have suggested reading <i>visappita</i> (visa+appita),i.e.“poison-applied,” which was based on reading at Vism.303.See e.g.J.V,36; Miln.198; Vism.303,381; DhA.I,216.<i>--rukkha</i> “poison tree,” a cert.tree Vism.512; VbhA.89; DA.I,39.<i>--vaṇijjā</i> trading with poison A.III,208.<i>--vijjā</i> science of poison DA.I,93.--<i>vejja</i> a physician who cures poison (ous snake-bites) J.I,310.<i>--salla</i> a poisoned arrow Vism.503.(Page 638) ,4,1
  15600. 491879,en,15,visabhaga,visabhāga,Visabhāga,Visabhāga,(adj.) [vi+sabhāga] different,unusual,extraordinary,uncommon Miln.78 sq.; DA.I,212; Vism.180 (purisassa itthisarīraṁ,itthiyā purisa-sarīraṁ visabhāgaṁ),516; DhA.IV,52; PvA.118.--°ārammaṇa pudendum muliebre J.II,274 ≈ III,498.(Page 639) ,9,1
  15601. 491895,en,15,visada,visada,Visada,Visada,(adj.) [cp.Sk.<i>viśada</i>] 1.clean,pure,white D.II,14; Miln.93,247; Dāvs v.28.-- 2.clear,manifest Miln.93; DhsA.321,328 (a°); VbhA.388 sq.<br><br> <i>--kiriyā</i> making clear:see under <i>vatthu<sup>1</sup></i>.<i> --bhāva</i> clearness Vism.128; Tikp 59.(Page 639) ,6,1
  15602. 491902,en,15,visada,visāda,Visāda,Visāda,[fr.vi+<em>sad</em>] depression,dejection D.I,248; DA.I,121; Sdhp.117.Cp.<i>visīdati</i>.(Page 640) ,6,1
  15603. 491913,en,15,visadata,visadatā,Visadatā,Visadatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.visada] purity,clearness Vism.134 (vatthu°).(Page 639) ,8,1
  15604. 491928,en,15,visaggata,visaggatā,Visaggatā,Visaggatā,see <i>a°</i>.(Page 639) ,9,1
  15605. 491934,en,15,visahara,visāhāra,Visāhāra,Visāhāra,[visa+āhāra,or vi+saṁ+āhāra] distractedness,perturbation; neg.<i>a°</i> balance Dhs.11,15.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15606. 491938,en,15,visahata,visāhaṭa,Visāhaṭa,Visāhaṭa,(adj.) [visa+āhaṭa] only neg.<i>a°</i> imperturbed,balanced Dhs.11,15,24 etc.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15607. 491944,en,15,visahati,visahati,Visahati,Visahati,[vi+sahati] to be able,to dare,to venture Sn.1069 (=ussahati sakkoti Nd<sup>2</sup> 600); J.I,152.-- ppr.neg.avisahanto unable VvA.69,112; and avisahamāna J.I,91.-- ger.visayha (q.v.).(Page 639) ,8,1
  15608. 491956,en,15,visajjana,visajjana,Visajjana,Visajjana, &#38; visajjeti<i>:</i> see <i>viss°</i>.(Page 639) ,9,1
  15609. 491961,en,15,visajjati,visajjati,Visajjati,Visajjati,[vi+sajjati,Pass.of <em>sañj</em><i>;</i> the regular Act.would be visajati] to hang on,cling to,stick to,adhere (fig.); only in pp.visatta (q.v.).-- The apparent ger.form <i>visajja</i> belongs to <i>vissajjati</i>.(Page 639) ,9,1
  15610. 491970,en,15,visakha,visākha,Visākha,Visākha,(adj.) [visākhā as adj.] having branches,forked; in ti° three-branched S.I,118=M.I,109.(Page 639) ,7,1
  15611. 491978,en,15,visakha,visākhā,Visākhā,Visākhā,(f.) [vi+sākhā,Sk.viśākhā] N.of a lunar mansion (nakkhatta) or month (see vesākha),usually as visākha° (--puṇṇamā),e.g.SnA 391; VvA.165.(Page 639) ,7,1
  15612. 491993,en,15,visakkiya,visakkiya,Visakkiya,Visakkiya,[vi+sakkiya?] in <i>°dūta</i> is a special kind of messenger Vin.III,74.(Page 639) ,9,1
  15613. 491999,en,15,visala,visāla,Visāla,Visāla,(adj.) [cp.Sk.viśāla] wide,broad,extensive Sn.38; J.V,49,215 (°pakhuma); Miln.102,311.<br><br> <i>--akkhī</i> (f.) having large eyes J.V,40; Vv 37<sup>1</sup> (+vipulalocanā; or a petī).(Page 640) ,6,1
  15614. 492013,en,15,visalata,visālatā,Visālatā,Visālatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.visāla] breadth,extensiveness VvA.104.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15615. 492024,en,15,visalla,visalla,Visalla,Visalla,(adj.) [vi+salla] free from pain or grief S.I,180; Sn.17,86=367.(Page 639) ,7,1
  15616. 492030,en,15,visam,visaṁ,Visaṁ,Visaṁ,is P.prefix corresponding to Sk.<i>viṣu</i> (or <i>visva°</i> [see <i>vi°</i>] in meaning “diverging,on opposite sides,”) apart,against; only in cpd.<i>°vādeti</i> and derivations,lit.to speak wrong,i.e.to deceive.(Page 638) ,5,1
  15617. 492039,en,15,visama,visama,Visama,Visama,(adj.) [vi+sama<sup>3</sup>] 1.uneven,unequal,disharmonious,contrary A.I,74; PvA.47 (vāta),131 (a°=sama of the “middle” path).-- 2.(morally) discrepant,lawless,wrong A.III,285; V,329; Sn.57 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 599); Miln.250 (°diṭṭhi).-- 3.odd,peculiar,petty,disagreeable A.II,87; Miln.112,304,357; J.I,391 (nagaraka).‹-› As nt.an uneven or dangerous or inaccessible place,rough road; (fig.) unevenness,badness,misconduct,disagreeableness A.I,35 (pabbata°); S.IV,117; Vbh.368 (two sets of 3 visamāni:rāga,etc.); Miln.136,157,277,351; J.V,70; VvA.301.--visamena (Instr.) in a wrong way Pv IV.14.(Page 639) ,6,1
  15618. 492072,en,15,visamayati,visamāyati,Visamāyati,Visamāyati,[denom.fr.visama] to be uneven D.II,269 (so read for visamā yanti).(Page 639) ,10,1
  15619. 492077,en,15,visamhata,visaṁhata,Visaṁhata,Visaṁhata,[vi+saṁhata<sup>2</sup>] removed,destroyed Th.1,89.(Page 639) ,9,1
  15620. 492094,en,15,visamsattha,visaṁsaṭṭha,Visaṁsaṭṭha,Visaṁsaṭṭha,(adj.) [vi+saṁsaṭṭha] separated,unconnected with (Instr.) M.I,480; DA.I,59.(Page 638) ,11,1
  15621. 492101,en,15,visamvada,visaṁvāda,Visaṁvāda,Visaṁvāda,[visaṁ+vāda] deceiving; neg.<i>a°</i> Miln.354.(Page 638) ,9,1
  15622. 492107,en,15,visamvadaka,visaṁvādaka,Visaṁvādaka,Visaṁvādaka,(adj.) [visaṁ+vādaka] deceiving,untrustworthy Vism.496; f.<i>°ikā</i> J.V,401,410.-- <i>a°</i> not deceiving D.III,170; A.IV,249; M.III,33; Pug.57.(Page 638) ,11,1
  15623. 492111,en,15,visamvadana,visaṁvādana,Visaṁvādana,Visaṁvādana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) &#38; <i>°atā</i> (f.) [fr.visaṁvādeti] deceiving,disappointing A.V,136 (°ā); Vin.IV,2.-- <i>a°</i> honesty D.III,190 (<i>°atā</i>).(Page 638) ,11,1
  15624. 492119,en,15,visamvadayitar,visaṁvādayitar,Visaṁvādayitar,Visaṁvādayitar,[n.ag.fr.visaṁvādeti] one who deceives another D.III,171.(Page 638) ,14,1
  15625. 492128,en,15,visamvadeti,visaṁvādeti,Visaṁvādeti,Visaṁvādeti,[visaṁ+vādeti; cp.BSk.visaṁvādayati AvŚ I.262,after the Pāli] to deceive with words,to break one’s word,to lie,deceive Vin.III,143; IV,1; Nett 91.-- Neg.<i>a°</i> J.V,124.(Page 638) ,11,1
  15626. 492142,en,15,visamyoga,visaṁyoga,Visaṁyoga,Visaṁyoga,( &#38; visaññoga) [vi+saṁyoga] disconnection,separation from (-°),dissociation Vin.II,259 (ññ)=A.IV,280; D.III,230 (kāma-yoga°,bhava°,diṭṭhi°,<i>avijjā°;</i> cp.the 4 oghas),276; A.II,11; III,156.(Page 638) ,9,1
  15627. 492153,en,15,visamyutta,visaṁyutta,Visaṁyutta,Visaṁyutta,( &#38; visaññutta) (adj.) [vi+saṁyutta] 1.(lit.) unharnessed,unyoked Th.1,1021 (half-fig.).-- 2.detached from the world A.I,262=III,214; S.II,279 (ññ); Th.1,1022; Sn.621,626,634; DhA.III,233 (sabba-yoga°); IV,141,159,185.(Page 638) ,10,1
  15628. 492161,en,15,visana,visāṇa,Visāṇa,Visāṇa,(nt.) [cp.Sk.viṣāṇa] 1.the horn of an animal (as cow,ox,deer,rhinoceros) Vin.I,191; A.II,207; IV,376; Sn.35 (khagga°,q.v.),309; Pug.56 (miga°); Ap 50 (usabha°); J.I,505; Miln.103.-- 2.(also as m.) the tusks of an elephant J.III,184; V,41,48.<br><br> <i>--maya</i> made of horn Vin.II,115.(Page 640) ,6,1
  15629. 492176,en,15,visanka,visaṅka,Visaṅka,Visaṅka,(adj.) [vi+saṅka; Sk.viśaṅka] fearless,secure; <i>a°</i> Sdhp.176.(Page 639) ,7,1
  15630. 492184,en,15,visankhara,visaṅkhāra,Visaṅkhāra,Visaṅkhāra,[vi+saṅkhāra] divestment of all material things Dh.154 (=nibbāna DhA.III,129).See saṅkhāra 3.(Page 639) ,10,1
  15631. 492193,en,15,visankhita,visaṅkhita,Visaṅkhita,Visaṅkhita,[vi+saṅkhata] destroyed,annihilated Dh.154; J.I,493 (=viddhaṁsita DhA.III,129).(Page 639) ,10,1
  15632. 492198,en,15,visankita,visaṅkita,Visaṅkita,Visaṅkita,(adj.) [pp.of vi+<em>śaṅk</em>] suspicious,anxious ThA.134 (Ap.v.78).-- neg.<i>a°</i> not perturbed,trusting,secure Sdhp.128.(Page 639) ,9,1
  15633. 492205,en,15,visanna,visañña,Visañña,Visañña,(adj.) [vi+sañña=saññā] 1.having wrong perceptions Sn.874.-- 2.unconscious J.V,159.In composition with <i>bhū</i> as visaññī-bhūta at J.I,67.(Page 639) ,7,1
  15634. 492210,en,15,visanna,visanna,Visanna,Visanna,[pp.of visīdati] sunk into (Loc.),immersed J.IV,399.The poetical form is <i>vyasanna</i>.(Page 639) ,7,1
  15635. 492218,en,15,visannin,visaññin,Visaññin,Visaññin,(adj.) [vi+saññin] unconscious,one who has lost consciousness; also in meaning “of unsound mind” (=ummattaka Nd<sup>1</sup> 279) A.II,52 (khitta-citta+); Miln.220; Sdhp.117.(Page 639) ,8,1
  15636. 492246,en,15,visappana,visappana,Visappana,Visappana,in Visappanarasa at Vism.470 is not clear.Is it “spreading” [vi+sṛp],or misprint for visa-pāna? (Page 639) ,9,1
  15637. 492250,en,15,visara,visara,Visara,Visara,[vi+sara] a multitude DA.I,40.(Page 639) ,6,1
  15638. 492253,en,15,visara,visāra,Visāra,Visāra,[fr.vi+<em>sṛ</em>] spreading,diffusion,scattering DhsA.118.(Page 640) ,6,1
  15639. 492259,en,15,visarada,visārada,Visārada,Visārada,(adj.) [cp.BSk.viśārada,e.g.AvS.I,180.On etym.see sārada] self-possessed,confident; knowing how to conduct oneself,skilled,wise D.I,175; II,86; S.I,181; IV,246; V,261; A.II,8 (vyatta+); III,183,203; IV,310,314 sq.; V,10 sq.; M.I,386; Ap 23; J.III,342; V,41; Miln.21; Sdhp.277.--<i>avisārada</i> diffident Miln.20,105.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15640. 492268,en,15,visaraka,visāraka,Visāraka,Visāraka,(adj.) [vi+sāraka,of <em>sṛ</em>] spreading,extending,expanding Vin.III,97 (vattu° T.; vatthu° MSS.).(Page 640) ,8,1
  15641. 492280,en,15,visarita,visaritā,Visaritā,Visaritā,(f.) at D.II,213 in phrase iddhi° is doubtful reading.The gloss (K) has “visevitā.” Trsl<sup>n</sup> (Dial.II.246); “proficiency.” It is comb<sup>d</sup> with iddhi-pahutā &#38; iddhivikubbanatā.Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> is “visavanā” [fr.vi+sru?].(Page 639) ,8,1
  15642. 492295,en,15,visata,visaṭa,Visaṭa,Visaṭa, &#38; visata [pp.of vi+<em>sṛ</em>,Sk.visṛta] spread,diffused,wide,broad D.III,167 (ṭ); Sn.1 (T.reads t,v.l.BB has ṭ); J.II,439; IV,499 (t); Miln.221,354 (ṭ; +vitthata),357.Cp.<i>anu°</i>.(Page 639) ,6,1
  15643. 492300,en,15,visata,visaṭā,Visaṭā,Visaṭā, &#38; visatā (f.) [abrh.formation fr.vi+<em>sañj</em>,spelling t for tt:see <i>visatta</i>.The writing of MSS.concerning t in these words is very confused] “hanging on,” clinging,attachment.The word seems to be a quasi-short form of <i>visattikā</i>.Thus at Sn.715 (=taṇhā C.; spelling t); Dhs.1059 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “diffusion,” i.e.fr.vi+<em>sṛ</em><i>;</i> spelling ṭ)=Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.taṇhā (spelt with t).(Page 639) ,6,1
  15644. 492309,en,15,visata,visāta,Visāta,Visāta,(adj.) [fr.vi+<em>śat</em>,cp.sāṭeti] crushed to pieces,destroyed M 11 102 (°gabbha,with mūḷha-gabbha; v.l.vighāta).(Page 640) ,6,1
  15645. 492317,en,15,visati,visati,Visati,Visati,<i> </i>[<em>viś</em>,cp.viś dwelling-place,veśa; Gr.oi/kos house,oi)kέw to dwell; Lat.vīcus,Goth.weihs=E.°wick in Warwick,etc.] to enter,only in comb<sup>n</sup> with prefixes,like upa°,pa°,pari°,saṁ°,abhisaṁ°,etc....See also <i>vesma</i> (house).(Page 639) ,6,1
  15646. 492325,en,15,visati,vīsati,Vīsati,Vīsati, &#38; vīsaṁ (indecl.) [both for Vedic viṁśati; cp.Av.vīsaiti,Gr.ei)/kosi,Lat.viginti,Oir.fiche,etc.; fr.Idg.<i>*ǔi+komt</i> (decad),thus “two decads.” Cp.vi°] number 20.-- Both forms are used indiscriminately.-- (1) <i>vīsati</i>,e.g.Vin.II,271 (°vassa,as minimum age of ordination); Sn.457 (catu-vīsat’akkharaṁ); J.I,89 (°sahassa bhikkhū); III,360; VbhA.191 sq.; DhA.I,4 (ekūna°,19); II,9,54; III,62 (°sahassa bhikkhū,as followers); as <i>vīsatiṁ</i> at DhA.II,61 (vassa-sahassāni).‹-› (2) <i>vīsaṁ</i>; e.g.Sn.1019 (°vassa-sata); It.99 (jātiyo); J.I,395 (°yojana-sata); V,36 (°ratana-sata); DhA.I,8; II,91 (°yojana-sataṁ).(Page 644) ,6,1
  15647. 492341,en,15,visatita,visāṭita,Visāṭita,Visāṭita,[pp.of vi+sāṭeti] cut in pieces,smashed,broken J.II,163 (=bhinna C.).(Page 640) ,8,1
  15648. 492356,en,15,visatta,visatta,Visatta,Visatta,[pp.of visajjati] hanging on (fig.),sticking or clinging to,entangled in (Loc.) A.II,25; Sn.38,272; Nd<sup>2</sup> 597; J.II,146; III,241.(Page 639) ,7,1
  15649. 492359,en,15,visattha,visaṭṭha,Visaṭṭha,Visaṭṭha,see <i>vissaṭṭha</i>.(Page 639) ,8,1
  15650. 492363,en,15,visatthi,visaṭṭhi,Visaṭṭhi,Visaṭṭhi,(f.) [for vissaṭṭhi,fr.vi+<em>sṛj</em>] 1.emission; in <i>sukka°</i> emission of semen Vin.II,38; III,112; Kvu 163.-- 2.<i>visaṭṭhi</i> at S.III,133 and A.IV,52 (T.visaṭṭhi) probably stands for <i>visatti</i> in meaning “longing,” clinging to (cp.BSk.viṣakti AvŚ II.191),or “love for” (Loc.).(Page 639) ,8,1
  15651. 492371,en,15,visattika,visattikā,Visattikā,Visattikā,(f.) [visatta+ikā,abstr.formation] clinging to,adhering,attachment (to=Loc.),sinful bent,lust,desire.-- It is almost invariably found as a syn.of <i>taṇhā</i>.P.Commentators explain it with ref.either to <i>visaṭa</i> (diffused),or to <i>visa</i> (poison).These are of course only exegetical edifying etymologies.Cp.Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> § 1059; Expositor II.468:Brethren 213 n.3,K.S.I.2,n.6,and the varied exegesis of the term in the Niddesas.‹-› S.I,1,24,35,107,110; A.II,211; IV,434; Sn.333,768,857,1053 sq.; Th.1,519; Nd<sup>1</sup> 8 sq.247; Nd<sup>2</sup> 598; DhA.III,198; IV,43; DhsA.364; Nett 24; Dhs.1059.(Page 639) ,9,1
  15652. 492393,en,15,visaya,visaya,Visaya,Visaya,[cp.Sk.viśaya,fr.vi+<em>śī</em>] 1.locality,spot,region; world,realm,province,neighbourhood Sn.977.Often in foll.comb<sup>ns</sup>:petti° (or pitti°) and pettika (a) the world of the manes or petas M.I,73; S.III,224; V,342,356 sq.; A.I,37,267; II,126 sq.; III,211,339,414 sq.; IV,405 sq.; V,182 sq.; Pv.II,2<sup>2</sup>; II,7<sup>9</sup>; J.I,51; PvA.25 sq.59 sq.214.(b) the way of the fathers,native or proper beat or range D.III,58; S.V,146 sq.; A.III,67; J.II,59.Yama° the realm of Yama or the Dead Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup> (=petaloka PvA.107).-- 2.reach,sphere (of the senses),range,scope; object,characteristic,attribute (cp.Cpd.143 n.2) S.V,218 (gocara°); Nett 23 (iddhi°); Miln.186,215,316; Vism.216 (visayī-bhūta),570=VbhA.182 (mahā° &#38; appa°); KhA 17; SnA 22,154 (buddha°),228 (id.); PvA.72,89.--avisaya not forming an object,a wrong object,indefinable A.V,50; J.V,117 (so read for °ara); PvA.122,197.-- 3.object of sense,sensual pleasure SnA 100.(Page 639) ,6,1
  15653. 492409,en,15,visayha,visayha,Visayha,Visayha,(adj.) [ger.of visahati] possible Pv IV.1<sup>12</sup> (yathā °ṁ as far as possible); a° impossible M.I,207=Vin.I,157.(Page 639) ,7,1
  15654. 492421,en,15,viseneti,viseneti,Viseneti,Viseneti,to discard,dislike,get rid of (opp.usseneti) S.III,89; Ps.II,167.See <i>usseneti</i>.(Page 641) ,8,1
  15655. 492424,en,15,viseni°,viseni°,Viseni°,Viseni°,[vi+sena in comb<sup>n</sup> with <em>kṛ</em> and <em>bhū</em><i>;</i> cp.paṭisena] “without an enemy,” in <i>°katvā</i> making armyless,i.e.disarming Sn.833,1078.Expl<sup>d</sup> in the Niddesa as “keep away as enemies,conquering” Nd<sup>1</sup> 174=Nd<sup>2</sup> 602 (where Nd<sup>1</sup> reads paṭisenikarā kilesā for visenikatvā kilesā).<i>--°bhūta</i> disarmed,not acting as an enemy Sn.793=914,where Nd<sup>1</sup> 96=334 has the same expl<sup>n</sup> as for °katvā; S.I,141 (+upasanta-citta; trsl<sup>n</sup> “by all the hosts of evil unassailed” K.S.I.178).Kern,Toev.s.v.differently “not opposing” for both expressions.(Page 640) ,7,1
  15656. 492432,en,15,visesa,visesa,Visesa,Visesa,[fr.vi+<em>śiṣ</em>,cp.Epic Sk.viśeṣa] 1.(mark of) distinction,characteristic,discrimination A.I,267; S.IV,210; J.II,9; Miln.29; VvA.58,131; PvA.50,60.-- 2.elegance,splendour,excellence J.V,151; DhA.I,399.-- 3.distinction,peculiar merit or advantage,eminence,excellence,extraordinary state D.I,233 (so for <i>vivesa</i> all through?); A.III,349 (opp.hāna); J.I,435; VvA.157 (puñña°); PvA.71 (id.),147 (sukha°).-- 4.difference,variety SnA 477,504; VvA.2; PvA.37,81,135 (pl.= items).Abl.<i>visesato</i>,distinctively,altogether PvA.1,259.-- 5.specific idea (in meditation),attainment J.VI,69:see &#38; cp.Brethren 24,n.1; 110.-- Cp.<i>paṭi°</i>.<br><br> <i>--âdhigama</i> specific attainment A.IV,22; M.II,96; Nett 92; Miln.412; DhA.I,100.[Cp.BSk.viśeṣadhigama Divy 174].<i>--gāmin</i> reaching distinction,gaining merit A.II,185; III,349 sq.; S.V,108.<i>--gū</i> reaching a higher state or attainment J.VI,573.<i>--paccaya</i> ground for distinction VvA.20.<i>--bhāgiya</i> participating in,or leading to distinction or progress (spiritually) D.III,272 sq.277,282; Nett 77; Vism.11,88 (abstr.°bhāgiyatā).(Page 641) ,6,1
  15657. 492448,en,15,visesaka,visesaka,Visesaka,Visesaka,(m.or nt.) [fr.visesa] 1.a (distinguishing) mark (on the forehead) Vin.II,267 (with apaṅga).-- 2.leading to distinction VvA.85.(Page 641) ,8,1
  15658. 492457,en,15,visesana,visesana,Visesana,Visesana,(nt.) [fr.viseseti] distinguishing,distinction,qualification,attribute Vv 16<sup>10</sup>; J.III,11; VI,63; SnA 181,365,399; VvA.13.-- Instr.<i>avisesena</i> (adv.) without distinction,at all events,anyhow PvA.116.(Page 641) ,8,1
  15659. 492470,en,15,visesata,visesatā,Visesatā,Visesatā,<i>=visesa</i> Sdhp.265.(Page 641) ,8,1
  15660. 492484,en,15,viseseti,viseseti,Viseseti,Viseseti,[Caus.of visissati] to make a distinction,to distinguish,define,specify J.V,120,451; SnA 343; grd.<i>visesitabba</i> (-vacana) qualifying (predicative) expression VvA.13.-- pp.<i>visesita</i>.(Page 641) ,8,1
  15661. 492496,en,15,visesika,visesikā,Visesikā,Visesikā,(f.) [fr.visesa] the Vaiśeṣika philosophy Miln.3.(Page 641) ,8,1
  15662. 492499,en,15,visesin,visesin,Visesin,Visesin,(adj.) [fr.visesa] possessing distinction,distinguished from,better than others Sn.799,842,855,905; Nd<sup>1</sup> 244.(Page 641) ,7,1
  15663. 492501,en,15,visesita,visesita,Visesita,Visesita,[pp.of viseseti] distinguished,differentiated Mhvs 11,32; KhA 18; PvA.56.(Page 641) ,8,1
  15664. 492508,en,15,visesiya,visesiya,Visesiya,Visesiya,(adj.) [grd.of viseseti] distinguished Vv 16<sup>10</sup> (=visesaṁ patvā VvA.85); v.l.<i>visesin</i> (=visesavant C.).(Page 641) ,8,1
  15665. 492524,en,15,visevita,visevita,Visevita,Visevita,(nt.) [vi+sevita] 1.restlessness,trick,capers M.I,446 (of a horse; comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>visūkāyita</i>).-- 2.disagreement S.I,123 (=viruddha-sevita K.S.I.320).Bdhgh at K.S.II.203 reads <i>°sedhita</i>.Cp.<i>visūkāyita</i>.(Page 641) ,8,1
  15666. 492527,en,15,viseyyati,viseyyati,Viseyyati,Viseyyati,[vi+seyyati,cp.Sk.śīryati,of <i>śṛ</i> to crush] to be broken,to fall to pieces J.I,174.-- pp.<i>visiṇṇa</i>.(Page 641) ,9,1
  15667. 492544,en,15,visibbeti,visibbeti,Visibbeti,Visibbeti,[vi+sibbeti,<em>sīv</em>] to unsew,to undo the stitches Vin.IV,280.-- Caus.II.<i>visibbāpeti</i> ibid.-- Another <i>visibbeti</i> see under <i>visīveti</i>.(Page 640) ,9,1
  15668. 492549,en,15,visibbita,visibbita,Visibbita,Visibbita,(adj.) [pp.of vi+sibbeti,<i>sīv</i> to sew] entwined,entangled Miln.102 (saṁsibbita° as redupl.-- iter.cpd.).(Page 640) ,9,1
  15669. 492559,en,15,visidati,visīdati,Visīdati,Visīdati,[vi+<em>sad</em><i>;</i> cp.visāda &#38; pp.BSk.<i>viṣaṇṇa</i> Divy 44] 1.to sink down J.IV,223.-- 2.to falter,to be dejected or displeased S.I,7; A.III,158; Pug.65.-- pp.<i>visanna</i>.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15670. 492570,en,15,visikha,visikhā,Visikhā,Visikhā,(f.) [cp.*Sk.(lexicogr.) viśikhā] a street,road Vin.IV,312; J.I,338; IV,310; V,16,434.<br><br> <i>--kathā</i> gossip at street corners D.I,179; M.I,513; Dh.I,90.(Page 640) ,7,1
  15671. 492582,en,15,visineti,visineti,Visineti,Visineti,see usseneti.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15672. 492586,en,15,visinna,visiṇṇa,Visiṇṇa,Visiṇṇa,[pp.of viseyyati] broken,crushed,fallen to pieces J.I,174.(Page 640) ,7,1
  15673. 492589,en,15,visissati,visissati,Visissati,Visissati,[Pass.of vi+<em>śiṣ</em>] to differ,to be distinguished or eminent Nett 188.-- pp.<i>visiṭṭha</i>.-- Caus.<i>viseseti</i> (q.v.).(Page 640) ,9,1
  15674. 492595,en,15,visittha,visiṭṭha,Visiṭṭha,Visiṭṭha,(adj.) [pp.of visissati] distinguished,prominent,superior,eminent D.III,159; Vv 32<sup>4</sup>; J.I,441; Miln.203,239; DhA.II,15; VvA.1 (°māna=vimāna),85,261; Sdhp.260,269,332,489.-- compar.<i>°tara</i> Vism.207 (=anuttara).-- As <i>visiṭṭhaka</i> at Sdhp.334.-- See also abhi°,paṭi°,and <i>vissaṭṭha</i>.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15675. 492608,en,15,visivana,visīvana,Visīvana,Visīvana,(nt.) [fr.visīveti] warming oneself J.I,326; V,202.As <i>visibbana</i> at Vin.IV,115.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15676. 492620,en,15,visiveti,visīveti,Visīveti,Visīveti,[vi+sīveti,which corresponds to Sk.vi-śyāpayati (lexicogr.!),Caus.of <em>śyā</em>,śyāyati to coagulate; lit.to dissolve,thaw.The <i>v</i> stands for <i>p; </i><em>śyā</em> is contracted to <em>sī</em>] to warm oneself Miln.47; J.II,68; DhA.I,225,261; II,89.As <i>visibbeti</i> (in analogy to visibbeti to sew) at Vin.IV,115.-- Caus.II.<i>visīvāpeti</i> J.II,69.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15677. 492624,en,15,visiyati,visīyati,Visīyati,Visīyati,[vi+sīyati; cp.Sk.śīyate,Pass.of <i>śyā</i> to coagulate] to be dissolved; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.imper.med.<i>visīyaruṁ</i> Th.1,312 (cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 126).(Page 640) ,8,1
  15678. 492628,en,15,visodha,visodha,Visodha,Visodha,[fr.vi+<em>śudh</em>] cleaning,cleansing,in cpd.<i>dubbisodha</i> hard to clean Sn.279.(Page 641) ,7,1
  15679. 492633,en,15,visodhana,visodhana,Visodhana,Visodhana,(nt.) [fr.visodheti] cleansing,purifying,emending Ps.II,21,23; PvA.130.(Page 641) ,9,1
  15680. 492646,en,15,visodheti,visodheti,Visodheti,Visodheti,[Caus.of visujjhati] to clean,cleanse,purify,sanctify Kvu 551; Pv IV.3<sup>25</sup>; DhA.III,158; Sdhp.321.(Page 641) ,9,1
  15681. 492662,en,15,visoka,visoka,Visoka,Visoka,(adj.) [vi+soka] freed from grief Dh.90; DhA.II,166.(Page 641) ,6,1
  15682. 492675,en,15,visoseti,visoseti,Visoseti,Visoseti,[Caus.of vissussati] to cause to dry up,to make wither,to destroy A.I,204; Sn.949=1099; Nd<sup>1</sup> 434 (=sukkhāpeti); Nd<sup>2</sup> 603 (id.).(Page 641) ,8,1
  15683. 492686,en,15,vissa,vissa,Vissa,Vissa,<sup>2</sup> (nt.) [cp.Sk.visra] a smell like raw flesh,as <i>°gandha</i> at Dhs.625; DhsA.319; SnA 286; DhA.III,393.(Page 641) ,5,1
  15684. 492687,en,15,vissa,vissa,Vissa,Vissa,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [Vedic viśva,to vi°] all,every,entire; only in Np.Vissakamma.The word is antiquated in Pāli (for it sabba); a few cases in poetry are doubtful.Thus at Dh.266 (dhamma),where DhA.III,393 expl<sup>s</sup> as “visama,vissagandha”; and at It.32 (vissantaraṁ “among all beings”? v.l.vessantaraṁ).(Page 641) ,5,1
  15685. 492702,en,15,vissagga,vissagga,Vissagga,Vissagga,[vi+sagga,vi+<em>sṛj</em>,cp.Sk.visarga] dispensing,serving,donation,giving out,holding (a meal),only in phrases <i>bhatta°</i> the function of a meal Vin.II,153; IV,263; Pv III,2<sup>9</sup> (so read for vissatta); Miln.9; SnA 19,140; and dāna° bestowing a gift Pv.II,9<sup>27</sup> (=pariccāga-ṭṭhāne dān’agge PvA.124).(Page 641) ,8,1
  15686. 492710,en,15,vissajjaka,vissajjaka,Vissajjaka,Vissajjaka,[fr.vissajjati] 1.giving out,distributing Vin.II,177 -- 2.one who answers (a question) Miln.295.(Page 641) ,10,1
  15687. 492716,en,15,vissajjana,vissajjana,Vissajjana,Vissajjana,(nt.) &#38; <i>°ā</i> (f.) [fr.vissajjeti] 1.giving out,bestowing Nd<sup>1</sup> 262 (dhana°).-- 2.sending off,discharging J.I,239 (nāvā° putting off to sea).-- 3.answer,reply Vism.6,84; often in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>pucchā°</i> question and answer,e.g.Mhvs 4,54; PvA.2.(Page 641) ,10,1
  15688. 492724,en,15,vissajjanaka,vissajjanaka,Vissajjanaka,Vissajjanaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.vissajjana] 1.giving out,bestowing PvA.121.-- 2.answering J.I,166 (pañha°).(Page 641) ,12,1
  15689. 492735,en,15,vissajjapetar,vissajjāpetar,Vissajjāpetar,Vissajjāpetar,[n.ag.fr.vissajjāpeti] one who replies or causes to reply DhA.IV,199.Cp.<i>vissajjetar</i>.(Page 641) ,13,1
  15690. 492739,en,15,vissajjati,vissajjati,Vissajjati,Vissajjati,[vi+sajjati,of <em>sṛj</em>.The ss after analogy of ussajjati &#38; nissajjati,cp.ossajjati for osajjati].A.The pres.<i>vissajjati</i> is not in use.The only forms of the simple verb system are the foll.:ger.<i>vissajja</i>,usually written <i>visajja</i>,in meaning “setting free,” giving up,leaving behind Sn.522,794,912,1060; Nd<sup>1</sup> 98; Nd<sup>2</sup> 596.-- grd.<i>vissajjaniya</i> [perhaps better to vissajjeti<sup>1</sup>] to be answered,answerable; nt.a reply Nett 161,175 sq.191; and <i>vissajjiya</i> to be given away:see under <i>a°</i>.‹-› pp.<i>vissaṭṭha</i>.-- B.Very frequent is the Caus.<i>vissajjeti</i> (also occasionally as <i>visajj°</i>) in var.meanings,based on the idea of sending forth or away,viz.to emit,discharge J.I,164 (uccāra-passāvaṁ).-- to send Mhvs 8,3 (lekaṁ visajjayi).-- to dismiss PvA.81 (there).-- to let loose PvA.74 (rathaṁ).-- to spend,give away,bestow,hand over Pug.26 (visajj°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 262 (dhanaṁ); Miln.41 (dhaññaṁ); PvA.111,119.-- to get rid of J.I,134 (muddikaṁ).-- to answer (questions),to reply,retort Sn.1005 (°essati,fut.); VvA.71; PvA.15,59,87.-- pp.<i>vissajjita</i>.-- Caus.II.<i>vissajjāpeti</i> (in meanings of vissajjeti) J.IV,2 (hatthaṁ=to push away); Miln.143; Mhvs 6,43.(Page 641) ,10,1
  15691. 492748,en,15,vissajjetar,vissajjetar,Vissajjetar,Vissajjetar,[n.ag.fr.vissajjeti] one who answers (a question) A.I,103 (pañhaṁ).Cp.<i>vissajjāpetar</i>.(Page 641) ,11,1
  15692. 492759,en,15,vissajjita,vissajjita,Vissajjita,Vissajjita,[pp.of vissajjeti] 1.spent,given away Sn.982 -- 2.let loose,sent off,discharged Mhvs 23,88.(Page 641) ,10,1
  15693. 492766,en,15,vissaka,vissaka,Vissaka,Vissaka,[of <em>viś</em>] dwelling:see <i>paṭi°</i>.(Page 641) ,7,1
  15694. 492774,en,15,vissamana,vissamana,Vissamana,Vissamana,(nt.) [fr.vissamati] resting,reposing J.III,435.(Page 642) ,9,1
  15695. 492785,en,15,vissamati,vissamati,Vissamati,Vissamati,[vi+samati,of <em>śram</em>] to rest,repose; to recover from fatigue J.I,485; II,70; 128,133; III,208; IV,93,293; V,73; PvA.43,151.-- Caus.<i>vissameti</i> to give a rest,to make repose J.III,36.(Page 642) ,9,1
  15696. 492793,en,15,vissametar,vissametar,Vissametar,Vissametar,[n.ag.fr.vissameti] one who provides a rest,giver of repose,remover of fatigue J.VI,526.(Page 642) ,10,1
  15697. 492804,en,15,vissandaka,vissandaka,Vissandaka,Vissandaka,(adj.) [fr.vissandati] overflowing PvA.119.(Page 642) ,10,1
  15698. 492815,en,15,vissandati,vissandati,Vissandati,Vissandati,[vi+sandati,of <em>syand</em>] to flow out,to stream overflow J.I,51; V,274; PvA.34 (aor.°sandi=pagghari),51 (ppr.°amāna),80 (ger.°itvā),119 (°anto=paggharanto),123 (for paggharati; T.°eti).(Page 642) ,10,1
  15699. 492833,en,15,vissara,vissara,Vissara,Vissara,[fr.vi+sarati,of <em>svar</em>] 1.outcry,shout,cry of distress,scream Vin.I,87; II,152,207; IV,316; PvA.22,245 (s),279,284 (°ṁ karoti); Sdhp.188.-- 2.distress Vin.IV,212,229.(Page 642) ,7,1
  15700. 492841,en,15,vissarati,vissarati,Vissarati,Vissarati,[vi+sarati,of <em>smṛ</em>] to forget Vin.I,207; IV,261; Mhvs 26,16.-- pp.<i>vissarita</i>.(Page 642) ,9,1
  15701. 492848,en,15,vissarita,vissarita,Vissarita,Vissarita,[opp.of vissarati] forgotten PvA.202.(Page 642) ,9,1
  15702. 492858,en,15,vissasa,vissāsa,Vissāsa,Vissāsa,[vi+sāsa,of <em>śvas</em>] trust,confidence,intimacy,mutual agreement Vin.I,296; 308,A.II,78; J.I,189,487; Miln.126; Vism.190; VvA.66; PvA.13,265.--<i>dubbissāsa</i> difficult to be trusted J.IV,462.(Page 642) ,7,1
  15703. 492870,en,15,vissasaka,vissāsaka,Vissāsaka,Vissāsaka,( &#38; °ika) (adj.) [vissāsa] intimate,confidential; trustworthy A.I,26; Miln.146; DA.I,289.(Page 642) ,9,1
  15704. 492873,en,15,vissasaniya,vissāsaniya,Vissāsaniya,Vissāsaniya,(adj.) [grd.of vissāseti] to be trusted,trustworthy PvA.9; Sdhp.306,441; neg.<i>a°</i> J.III,474; cp.<i>dubbissāsaniya</i> hard to trust J.IV,462.(Page 642) ,11,1
  15705. 492891,en,15,vissasati,vissasati,Vissasati,Vissasati, &#38; vissāseti [vi+sasati,of<em> śvas</em>] to confide in,to put one’s trust in (Loc.or Gen.),to be friendly with S.I,79 (vissase); J.I,461 (vissāsayitvā); III,148=525 (vissāsaye); IV,56; VI,292.-- pp.<i>vissattha</i>.(Page 642) ,9,1
  15706. 492908,en,15,vissasin,vissāsin,Vissāsin,Vissāsin,(adj.) [fr.vissāsa] intimate,confidential A.III,136 (asanthava° intimate,although not acquainted).(Page 642) ,8,1
  15707. 492918,en,15,vissattha,vissaṭṭha,Vissaṭṭha,Vissaṭṭha,[pp.of vissajjati] 1.let loose; sent (out); released,dismissed; thrown; given out Mhvs 10,68; J.I,370; III,373; PvA.46,64,123,174.-- 2.(of the voice.) distinct,well enunciated D.I,114 (=apalibuddha,i.e.unobstructed; sandiddha-vilambit’ādi dosa-rahita DA.I,282); II,211; A.II,51; III,114; S.I,189; J.VI,16 (here as <i>vissattha-</i>vacana).-- 3.vissaṭṭha at J.IV,219 in phrase <i>°indriya</i> means something like “strong,” distinguished.The v.l.<i>visatta°</i> suggests a probable <i>visaṭa°</i>; it may on the other hand be a corruption of <i>visiṭṭha°</i>.(Page 641) ,9,1
  15708. 492924,en,15,vissattha,vissattha,Vissattha,Vissattha,[pp.of vissasati] trusting or trusted; confident; being confided in or demanding confidence,intimate,friendly A.III,114; Vin.I,87 (so read for ṭṭh); IV,21; J.II,305; III,343; Miln.109 (bahu° enjoying great confidence); SnA 188 (°bhāva state of confidence); Sdhp.168,593.--<i>vissaṭṭhena</i> (Instr.) in confidence Vin.II,99.-- Cp.abhi°.(Page 641) ,9,1
  15709. 492938,en,15,vissatthi,vissaṭṭhi,Vissaṭṭhi,Vissaṭṭhi,see <i>visaṭṭhi</i>.(Page 641) ,9,1
  15710. 492947,en,15,vissavati,vissavati,Vissavati,Vissavati,[vi+savati,of <em>sru</em>] to flow,ooze Th.1,453= Sn.205 (v.l.SS vissasati).(Page 642) ,9,1
  15711. 492953,en,15,vissota,vissota,Vissota,Vissota,(adj.) [vi+sota,of <em>sru</em>] flowedaway,wasted Miln.294.(Page 642) ,7,1
  15712. 492956,en,15,vissussati,vissussati,Vissussati,Vissussati,[vi+<em>śuṣ</em>] to dry up,to wither S.I,126 (in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>ussussati</i> vissussati,with ss from uss°).Spelling here visuss°,but ss at S.III,149.-- Caus.<i>visoseti</i> (q.v.).(Page 642) ,10,1
  15713. 492963,en,15,vissuta,vissuta,Vissuta,Vissuta,(adj.) [vi+suta,of <em>śru</em>] widely famed,renowned,famous Sn.137,597,998,1009; Pv.II,7<sup>4</sup>; Mhvs 5,19; PvA.107 (=dūra-ghuṭṭha).(Page 642) ,7,1
  15714. 492973,en,15,visucika,visūcikā,Visūcikā,Visūcikā,(f.) [cp.*Sk.visūcikā] cholera Miln.153,167.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15715. 492981,en,15,visuddha,visuddha,Visuddha,Visuddha,(adj.) [pp.of visujjhati] clean,pure,bright; in appl<sup>d</sup> meaning:purified,stainless,sanctified Vin.I,105; D.III,52 (cakkhu); S.II,122 (id.); IV,47 (sīla); A.IV,304 (su°); Sn.67,517,687; Nd<sup>2</sup> 601; Pug.60; PvA.1 (su°); Sdhp.269,383.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15716. 492997,en,15,visuddhatta,visuddhatta,Visuddhatta,Visuddhatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.visuddha] purity,purification A.II,239.(Page 640) ,11,1
  15717. 493006,en,15,visuddhi,visuddhi,Visuddhi,Visuddhi,(f.) [vi+suddhi] brightness,splendour,excellency; (ethically) purity,holiness,sanctification; virtue,rectitude Vin.I,105 (visuddho paramāya visuddhiyā); D.I,53; III,214 (diṭṭhi°,sīla°),288; M.I,147; S.III,69; A.I,95 (sīla° &#38; diṭṭhi°); II,80 (catasso dakkhiṇā°),195; III,315; V,64 (paramattha°); Sn.813,824,840,892; Dh.16 (kamma°); Ps.I,21 (sīla°,citta°,diṭṭhi°); II,85 (id.); Nd<sup>1</sup> 138,162; Vism.2; SnA 188 (°divasa),PvA.13 (°cittatā); Sdhp.447.A class of divine beings (dogmatically the highest in the stages of development,viz.gods by sanctification) is called <i>visuddhi-devā</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 307; J.I,139; VvA.18.See under <i>deva</i>.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15718. 493027,en,15,visujjhati,visujjhati,Visujjhati,Visujjhati,[vi+sujjhati] to be cleaned,to be cleansed,to be pure Vin.II,137; J.I,75; III,472.-- pp.<i>visuddha</i>.‹-› Caus.<i>visodheti</i> (q.v.).(Page 640) ,10,1
  15719. 493040,en,15,visuka,visūka,Visūka,Visūka,(nt.) [perhaps to <em>sūc</em>,sūcayati] restless motion,wriggling,twisting,twitching (better than “show,” although connection with <em>sūc</em> would give meaning “indication,show”),almost synonymous with <i>vipphandita</i>.Usually in cpd.<i>diṭṭhi°</i> scuffling or wriggling of opinion,wrong views,heresy M.I,8,486; Sn.55 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 301); Pv IV.1<sup>37</sup>.<br><br> <i>--dassana</i> visiting shows (as fairs) D.I,5 (cp.DA.I,77:“visūkaṁ paṭani-bhūtaṁ dassanaṁ,” reading not clear); A.I,212; II,209; Pug.58.(Page 640) ,6,1
  15720. 493052,en,15,visukayita,visūkāyita,Visūkāyita,Visūkāyita,(nt.) [pp.of visūkāyeti,denom.fr.visūka] 1.restlessness,impatience M.I,446.-- 2.disorder,twisting,distortion (of views); usually in phrase <i>diṭṭhi°</i> with <i>°visevita </i>&<i> °vipphandita</i> e.g.M.I,234; S.I,123 (Bdhgh’s expl<sup>n</sup> at K.S.I.321 is “vinivijjhan’aṭṭhena viloman’aṭṭhena”); II,62 (in same comb<sup>n</sup>; Bdhgh at K.S.II.203:“sabbaṁ micchādiṭṭhi-vevacanaṁ”); Dhs.381 (“disorder of opinion” trsl<sup>n</sup>); Nd<sup>2</sup> 271<SUP>III</SUP>; Vbh.145; DhsA.253.Cp.v.l.S.I,123<sup>17</sup> (K.S.I.155 “disorders”; n.p.321).(Page 640) ,10,1
  15721. 493054,en,15,visukkha,visukkha,Visukkha,Visukkha,(adj.) [vi+sukkha] dried out or up PvA.58.(Page 640) ,8,1
  15722. 493058,en,15,visukkhita,visukkhita,Visukkhita,Visukkhita,(adj.) [vi+sukkhita] dried up Miln.303.(Page 640) ,10,1
  15723. 493064,en,15,visum,visuṁ,Visuṁ,Visuṁ,(indecl.) [cp.Sk.viṣu,a derivation fr.vi°] separately,individually; separate,apart DhA.II,26 (mātā-pitaro visuṁ honti).Usually repeated (distributively) <i>visuṁ visuṁ</i> each on his own,one by one,separately,e.g.Vism.250; Mhvs 6,44; SnA 583; VvA.38; PvA.214.--<i>visukaraṇa</i> separation ThA.257.(Page 640) ,5,1
  15724. 493082,en,15,vita,vīta,Vīta,Vīta,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of vāyati<sup>1</sup>,or vināti] woven Vin.III,259 (su°).(Page 643) ,4,1
  15725. 493083,en,15,vita,vīta,Vīta,Vīta,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [vi+ita,pp.of i] deprived of,free from,(being) without.In meaning and use cp.<i>vigata°</i>.Very frequent as first part of a cpd.as e.g.the foll.:<br><br> <i>--accika</i> without a flame,i.e.glowing,aglow (of cinders),usually comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>°dhūma</i> “without smoke” M.I,365; S.II,99 (so read for <i>vītacchika</i>)=IV.188=M.I,74; D.II,134; J.I,15,153; III,447; V,135; DhA.II,68; Vism.301.<i>--iccha</i> free from desire J.II,258.<i>--gedha</i> without greed Sn.210,860,1100; Nd<sup>1</sup> 250; Nd<sup>2</sup> 606.<i>--taṇha</i> without craving Sn.83,741,849,1041,1060; Nd<sup>1</sup> 211; Nd<sup>2</sup> 607.<i>--tapo</i> without heat J.II,450.--(d)dara fearless Th.1,525; Dh.385.<i>--dosa</i> without anger Sn.12.<i>--macchara</i> without envy,unselfish Sn.954; Nd<sup>1</sup> 444; J.V,398; Pv III,1<sup>15</sup>.<i>--mada</i> not conceited So 328,cp.A.II,120.<i>--mala</i> stainless (cp.vimala) S.IV,47,107; DA.I,237; Miln.16.<i>--moha</i> without bewilderment Sn.13.I have to remark that the reading <i>vīta°</i> seems to be well established.It occurs very frequently in the Apadāna.Should we take it in meaning of “excessive”? And are we confronted with an attribute of osadhi,the morning star,which points to Babylonian influence (star of the East)? As it occurs in the Vatthugāthās of the Pārāyanavagga,this does not seem improbable.<i>--raṁsi</i> rayless (?) Sn.1016 (said of the sun; the expression is not clear.One MS.of Nd<sup>2</sup> at this passage reads <i>pīta°</i>,i.e.with yellow,i.e.golden,rays; which is to be preferred).Cp.note in Index to SnA.<i>--rāga</i> passionless Sn.11,507,1071; Pug.32; Pv.II,4<sup>7</sup>; Miln.76,and frequently elsewhere.<i>--lobha</i> without greed Sn.10,469,494.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> colourless Sn.1120.<i>--salla</i> without a sting S.IV,64.<i>--sārada</i> not fresh,not unexperienced,i.e.wise It.123.(Page 643) ,4,1
  15726. 493089,en,15,vitabhi,viṭabhī,Viṭabhī,Viṭabhī,(f.) [=Sk.viṭapin] the fork of a tree M.I,306; J.II,107; III,203.(Page 620) ,7,1
  15727. 493105,en,15,vitaccheti,vitaccheti,Vitaccheti,Vitaccheti,[vi+taccheti] 1.tear,pluck,pick to pieces; in simile M.I,364 (+virājeti)=S.II,255 (reads vibhajeti for virājeti)=Vin.III,105 (id.).-- 2.to smoothe:see pp.<i>vitacchita</i>.(Page 620) ,10,1
  15728. 493109,en,15,vitacchika,vitacchika,Vitacchika,Vitacchika,at S.II,99=IV.188 read <i>vītaccika</i> (q.v.).(Page 620) ,10,1
  15729. 493115,en,15,vitacchika,vitacchikā,Vitacchikā,Vitacchikā,(f.) [cp.*Sk.(medical) vicarcikā] scabies Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<sup>1</sup> (as roga).(Page 620) ,10,1
  15730. 493121,en,15,vitacchita,vitacchita,Vitacchita,Vitacchita,[pp.of vitaccheti] planed,smoothed; <i>su°</i> well carded (of a cīvara) Vin.III,259.(Page 620) ,10,1
  15731. 493152,en,15,vitakka,vitakka,Vitakka,Vitakka,[vi+takka] reflection,thought,thinking; “initial application” (Cpd.282).-- Def<sup>d</sup> as “vitakkanaṁ vitakko,ūhanan ti vuttaṁ hoti” at Vism.142 (with simile on p.143,comparing vitakka with vicāra:kumbhakārassa daṇḍa-ppahārena cakkaṁ bhamayitvā,bhājanaṁ karontassa uppīḷana-hattho viya vitakko (like the hand holding the wheel tight),ito c’ito sañcaraṇahattho viya vicāro:giving <i>vitakka</i> the characteristic of fixity &#38; steadiness,<i>vicāra</i> that of movement &#38; display).-- D.II,277 (“pre-occupation” trsl<sup>n</sup>:see note Dial.II.311); III,104,222,287 (eight Mahāpurisa°); M.I,114 (dvidhā-kato v.),377; S.I,39,126,186,203; II,153; IV,69,216; A.II,36; III,87 (dhamma°); IV,229 (Mahāpurisa°),353 (°upaccheda); Sn.7,270 sq.970,1109; J.I,407 (Buddha°,Saṅgha°,Nibbāna°); Nd<sup>1</sup> 386,493,501 (nine); Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.takka; Ps.I,36,136,178; Pv III,5<sup>8</sup>; Pug.59,68; Vbh.86,104 (rūpa°,sadda° etc.),228 (sa°),362 (akusala°); Dhs.7,160,1268; Tikp 61,333,353; Vism.291 (°upaccheda); Miln.82,309; DhsA.142; DhA.IV,68; VbhA.490; PvA.226,230.-- <i>kāma°</i>,<i> vihiṁsā°</i>,<i> vyāpāda°</i> (sensual,malign,cruel thought):D.III,226; S.II,151 sq.; III,93; A.I,148,274 sq.; II,16,117,252; III,390,428.Opp.<i>nekkhamma°</i>,<i> avyāpāda°</i>,<i> avihiṁsā°</i> A.I,275; II,76; III,429.-- <i>vitakka</i> is often comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>vicāra</i> or “initial &#38; sustained application” Mrs.Rh.D.; Cpd.282; “reflection &#38; investigation” Rh.D.; to denote the whole of the mental process of thinking (viz.fixing one’s attention and reasoning out,or as Cpd.17 expl<sup>s</sup> it “<i>vitakka</i> is the directing of concomitant properties towards the object; <i>vicāra</i> is the continued exercise of the mind on that object.” See also above def<sup>n</sup> at Vism.142).Both are properties of the first <i>jhāna</i> (called sa-vitakka sa-vicāra) but are discarded in the second <i>jhāna</i> (called a°).See e.g.D.I.37; S.IV,360 sq.; A.IV,300; Vin.III,4; Vism.85; and formula of jhāna.The same of pīti &#38; samādhi at Vbh.228,of <i>paññā</i> at Vbh.323.The same comb<sup>n</sup> (vitakka+vicāra) at foll.passages:D.III,219 (of samādhi which is either sa°,or a°,or avitakka vicāra-matta); S.IV,193; V,111; A.IV,409 sq.450; Nett 16; Miln.60,62; Vism.453.Cp.<i>rūpa-</i> (sadda- etc.) vitakka+rūpa‹-› (sadda- etc.) vicāra A.IV,147; V,360; Vbh.103.-- On term (also with <i>vicāra</i>) see further:Cpd.40,56,98,238 sq.282 (on difference between v. &#38; manasikāra); Expos.I.188<sup>n</sup>; Kvu trsl<sup>n</sup> 238<sup>1</sup>.-- Cp.pa°,pari°.<br><br> Note.Looking at the comb<sup>n</sup> <i>vitakka+vicāra</i> in earlier and later works one comes to the conclusion that they were once used to denote one &#38; the same thing:just thought,thinking,only in an emphatic way (as they are also semantically synonymous),and that one has to take them as one expression,like <i>jānāti passati</i>,without being able to state their difference.With the advance in the Saṅgha of intensive study of terminology they became distinguished mutually.Vitakka became the inception of mind,or attending,and was no longer applied,as in the Suttas,to thinking in general.The expl<sup>ns</sup> of Commentators are mostly of an edifying nature and based more on popular etymology than on natural psychological grounds.(Page 620) ,7,1
  15732. 493208,en,15,vitakkana,vitakkana,Vitakkana,Vitakkana,(nt.)=vitakka Vism.142.(Page 620) ,9,1
  15733. 493464,en,15,vitakketi,vitakketi,Vitakketi,Vitakketi,[denom.fr.vitakka] to reflect,reason,consider S.I,197,202; IV,169; V,156; A.II,36; Miln.311.-- pp.<i>vitakkita</i>.(Page 620) ,9,1
  15734. 493483,en,15,vitakkita,vitakkita,Vitakkita,Vitakkita,[pp.of vitakketi] reflected,reasoned,argued DA.I,121.Cp.<i>pari°</i>.(Page 620) ,9,1
  15735. 493535,en,15,vitamsa,vītaṁsa,Vītaṁsa,Vītaṁsa,[fr.vi+<em>tan</em>,according to BR.The word is found in late Sk.(lexicogr.) as <i>vītaṁsa</i>.BR compare Sk.avataṁsa (garland:see P.vaṭaṁsa) &#38; uttaṁsa.The etym.is not clear] a bird-snare (BR.:“jedes zum Fangen von Wild &#38; Vögeln dienende Gerät”),a decoy bird Th.1,139.Kern,Toev.s.v.“vogelstrik.” (Page 644) ,7,1
  15736. 493542,en,15,vitana,vitāna,Vitāna,Vitāna,(m. &#38; nt.) [fr.vi+<em>tan</em>] spread-out,canopy,awning Vin.IV,279; J.I,40,62,83; DhA.II,42; SnA 447; VvA.32,173; PvA.154.See also <i>cela°</i>.(Page 620) ,6,1
  15737. 493562,en,15,vitanda,vitaṇḍā,Vitaṇḍā,Vitaṇḍā,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.vitaṇḍā,e.g.Mbh 2,1310; 7,3022] tricky disputation,frivolous or captious discussion; in cpds.<i>vitaṇḍa°:°vāda</i> sophistry SnA 447; DA.I,247; <i>°vādin</i> a sophist,arguer DhsA.3 (so read for vidaḍḍha); VbhA.9,51,319,459.See <i>lokāyata</i>.(Page 620) ,7,1
  15738. 493620,en,15,vitanoti,vitanoti,Vitanoti,Vitanoti,(*vitanati) [vi+tanoti] to stretch out,spread out; poet.ger.<i>vitanitvāna</i> J.VI,453.-- Pass.<i>vitaniyyati</i> ibid.-- pp.<i>vitata</i>.Cp.<i>vitāna</i>.(Page 620) ,8,1
  15739. 493630,en,15,vitapa,viṭapa,Viṭapa,Viṭapa,[cp.Epic Sk.viṭapa] the fork of a tree,a branch J.I,169,215,222; III,28; VI,177 (nigrodha°).(Page 620) ,6,1
  15740. 493660,en,15,vitapin,viṭapin,Viṭapin,Viṭapin,[viṭapa+in] a tree,lit.“having branches” J.VI,178.(Page 620) ,7,1
  15741. 493677,en,15,vitarana,vitaraṇa,Vitaraṇa,Vitaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.vitarati] overcoming,getting through M.I,147 (kaṅkhā°); Miln.233 (id.),351; Sdhp.569.(Page 620) ,8,1
  15742. 493698,en,15,vitarati,vitarati,Vitarati,Vitarati,[vi+tarati] 1.to go through,come through,overcome Sn.495,779 (ger.°eyya,taken as Pot.at Nd<sup>1</sup> 57:oghaṁ samatikkameyya),941,1052; Pv III,2<sup>4</sup> (vitaritvā =vitiṇṇo hutvā PvA.181,q.v.for detail).-- 2.to perform J.II,14 (bubhukkhito no vitarāsi bhottuṁ; v.l.visahāmi).-- pp.<i>vitiṇṇa</i>.(Page 620) ,8,1
  15743. 493734,en,15,vitata,vitata,Vitata,Vitata,[pp.of vitanoti] stretched,extended,diffused S.I,207; Sn.272,669 (v.l.vitthata); J.I,356 (tanta° where the strings were stretched); Miln.102,307; Mhvs 17,31 (vallīhi v.) -- nt.<i>vitata</i> a drum (with leather on both sides) VvA.37.(Page 620) ,6,1
  15744. 493753,en,15,vitatha,vitatha,Vitatha,Vitatha,(adj.) [vi+tatha; cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.vitatha] untrue; nt.untruth D.II,73 (na hi Tathāgatā vitathaṁ bhaṇanti); Sn.9 sq.; Vv 53<sup>15</sup> (=atatha,musā ti attho VvA.240); J.V,112; VI,207; Ps.104; DA.I,62.-- <i>avitatha</i> true S.II,26; V,430; Miln.184; Sdhp.530; DA.I,65.(Page 620) ,7,1
  15745. 493788,en,15,vithi,vīthi,Vīthi,Vīthi,(f.) [cp.Epic Sk.vīthi,to Idg.<i>*ǔeịā-</i> to aim at,as in Lat.via way,Sk.veti to pursue; Lat.venor to hunt; Gr.ei]ζato he went] 1.street,way,road,path,track A.V,347,350 sq.; Vv 83<sup>6</sup>; J.I,158 (garden path); V,350 (dve vīthiyo gahetvā tiṭṭhati,of a house); VI,276 (v.and <i>raccha</i>); DhA.I,14; VvA.31; PvA.54.<i>--antaravīthiyaṁ</i> (Loc.) in the middle of the road J.I,373; PvA.96.<i>--°sabhāga</i> share of road J.I,422; <i>--°siṅghāṭaka</i> crossroad DhA.IV,4.-- Of the path of the stars and heavenly bodies J.I,23; VvA.326.-- Various streets (roads,paths) are named either after the professions carried on in them,e.g.<i>dantakāra°</i> street of ivory-workers J.I,320; <i>pesakāra°</i> weaver st.DhA.I,424; <i>bhatakāra°</i> soldier st.DhA.I,233; -- or after the main kind of traffic frequenting these,e.g.<i>nāga°</i> elephant road VvA.316; <i>miga°</i> animal rd.J.I,372; -- or after special occasions (like distinguished people passing by this or that road),e.g.<i>buddha°</i> the road of the Buddha DhA.II,80; <i>rāja°</i> King st.ThA.52; Mhvs 20,38.-- 2.(t.t.in psychology) course,process (of judgment,senseperception or cognition,cp.Cpd.25,124,241 (vinicchaya°),266.-- Vism.187 (kammaṭṭhāna°); KhA 102 (viññāṇa°).<i>--°citta</i> process of cognition (lit.processed cognition) Vism.22; DhsA.269.(Page 644) ,5,1
  15746. 493797,en,15,vithika,vīthika,Vīthika,Vīthika,(adj.) (-°) [fr.vīthi] having (as) a road Miln.322 (satipaṭṭhāna°,in the city of Righteousness).(Page 644) ,7,1
  15747. 493806,en,15,viti°,vīti°,Vīti°,Vīti°,is the contracted prepositional comb<sup>n</sup> <i>vi+ati</i>,representing an emphatic <i>ati</i>,e.g.in the foll.:<br><br> <i>--(k)kama</i> (1) going beyond,transgression,sin Vin.III,112; IV,290; J.I,412; IV,376; Pug.21; Miln.380; Vism.11,17; DhA.IV,3.-- (2) going on,course (of time) PvA.137 (°ena by and by; v.l.anukkamena).<i>--kiṇṇa</i> sprinkled,speckled,gay with J.V,188.<i>--nāmeti</i> to make pass (time),to spend the time,to live,pass,wait J.III,63,381; DhA.II,57; VvA.158; PvA.12,21,47,76.<i>--patati</i> to fly past,to flit by,to fly up &#38; down Sn.688; A.V,88=Miln.392.<i>--missa</i> mingled,mixed (with) M.I,318; D.III,96; J.VI,151.<i>--vatta</i> having passed or overcome,gone through; passed,spent S.I,14,145; III,225; IV,52; A.II,44; Sn.6,395,796; J.I,374; ThA.170; PvA.21,55,83.<i>--sāreti</i> [fr.vi+ati+ <em>sṛ</em><i>;</i> not with Childers fr.<em>smṛ</em><i>;</i> cp.BSk.vyatisārayati] to make pass (between),to exchange (greeting),to address,converse (kathaṁ),greet.Often in phrase <i>sārāṇīyaṁ sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ vītisāreti</i> [for which BSk.sammodanīṁ saṁrañjanīṁ vividhāṁ kathāṁ vyatisārayati,e.g.AvŚ II.140] D.I,52,90,118,152; Sn.419; cp.Miln.19; J.IV,98 (shortened to sārāṇīyaṁ vītisārimha; expl<sup>d</sup> with sārayimha); V,264.<i>--haraṇa</i> passing (mutually),carrying in between J.VI,355 (bhojanānaṁ).<i>--harati</i> to associate with (at a meal) S.I,162.<i>--hāra</i>,in <i>pada°</i> “taking over or exchange of steps,” a stride S.I,211; A.IV,429; J.VI,354.Same in BSk.e.g.MVastu I.35; III,162.(Page 644) ,5,1
  15748. 493880,en,15,vitinna,vitiṇṇa,Vitiṇṇa,Vitiṇṇa,[pp.of vitarati] 1.overcome or having overcome,gone through,conquered Dh.141 (°kaṅkha); Sn.514 (id.),746; PvA.181.-- 2.given up,rejected,abandoned Dh.176 (°paraloka); J.IV,447 (=pariccatta C.).(Page 620) ,7,1
  15749. 493936,en,15,vitta,vitta,Vitta,Vitta,<sup>3</sup> [pp.of <em>vic</em> to sift,cp.Sk.vikta] see <i>vi°</i>.(Page 621) ,5,1
  15750. 493937,en,15,vitta,vitta,Vitta,Vitta,<sup>2</sup> (adj.) [identical with vitta<sup>1</sup>] gladdened,joyful,happy J.III,413 (=tuṭṭha); IV,103; Vv 41<sup>4</sup> (=tuṭṭha C.); 44<sup>14</sup> (id.),49<sup>5</sup> (id.).(Page 621) ,5,1
  15751. 493938,en,15,vitta,vitta,Vitta,Vitta,<sup>1</sup> [orig.pp.of vindati=Av.vista,Gr.a]/istos,Lat.vīsus; lit.one who has found,acquired or recognized; but already in Vedic meaning (as nt.) “acquired possessions”] property,wealth,possessions,luxuries S.I,42; Sn.181 sq.302; J.V,350,445; VI,308; Pv.II,8<sup>1</sup> (=vittiyā upakaraṇa-bhūtaṁ vittaṁ PvA.106).-- Often in phrase <i>°ûpakaraṇa</i> possessions &#38; means,i.e.wealth,e.g.D.I,134; S.I,71; IV,324; Pug.52; Dh.I,295; PvA.3,71.<i>Vittaṁ</i> is probably the right reading S.I,126 (15) for cittaṁ.Cf.p.123 (3); K.S.I.153,n.3.(Page 620) ,5,1
  15752. 493952,en,15,vittaka,vittaka,Vittaka,Vittaka,(adj.) [fr.vitta<sup>1</sup>] possessing riches,becoming rich by (-°) J.I,339 (lañca°); IV,267 (miga°),VI,256 (jūta°).(Page 621) ,7,1
  15753. 493955,en,15,vittakata,vittakatā,Vittakatā,Vittakatā,(f.) [vittaka+tā] in <i>suta°</i> “the fact of getting rich through learning” as an expl<sup>n</sup> of the name Sutasoma J.V,457 (for auspiciousness).Dutoit trsl<sup>s</sup> quite differently:“weil er am Keltern des Somatrankes seine Freude hatte,” hardly correct.(Page 621) ,9,1
  15754. 493985,en,15,vittha,vittha,Vittha,Vittha,(nt.) [vi+<em>sthā</em>?] a bowl,in <i>surā°</i> for drinking spirits J.V,427; DhA.III,66.(Page 621) ,6,1
  15755. 493994,en,15,vitthaka,vitthaka,Vitthaka,Vitthaka,(nt.) [fr.vittha] a small bowl,as receptacle (āvesana°) for needles,scissors &#38; thimbles Vin.II,117.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15756. 494002,en,15,vitthambhana,vitthambhana,Vitthambhana,Vitthambhana,(nt.) [fr.vi+thambhati] making firm,strengthening,supporting Vism.351 (cp.DhsA.335).(Page 621) ,12,1
  15757. 494027,en,15,vitthambheti,vitthambheti,Vitthambheti,Vitthambheti,[vi+thambheti] to make firm,strengthen DhsA.335.(Page 621) ,12,1
  15758. 494042,en,15,vitthara,vitthāra,Vitthāra,Vitthāra,[fr,vi+<em>stṛ</em>] 1.expansion,breadth; Instr.<i>vitthārena</i> in breadth Miln.17; same Abl.<i>vitthārato</i> J.I,49.-- 2.extension,detail; often in C.style,introducing &#38; detailed explanation of the subject in question,either with simple statement “<i>vitthāro</i>” (i.e.here the foll.detail; opp.<i>saṅkhepa</i>),e.g.DA.I,65,229; SnA 325 [cp.same in BSk.“vistaraḥ,” e.g.Divy 428],or with cpds.<i>°kathā</i> SnA 464; PvA.19; <i>°desanā</i> SnA 163; <i>°vacana</i> SnA 416.Thus in general often in Instr.or Abl.as adv.“in detail,” in extenso (opp.saṅkhittena in short):<i>vitthārena</i> D.III,241; S.IV,93; A.II,77,177,189; III,177; Pug.41; PvA.53,113; <i>vitthārato</i> Vism.351,479; PvA.71,77,81.Cp.similarly BSk.vistarena kāryaṁ Divy 377.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15759. 494107,en,15,vittharata,vitthāratā,Vitthāratā,Vitthāratā,(f.) [fr.vitthāra] explicitness,detail Nett 2.As <i>vitthāraṇā</i> at Nett 9.(Page 621) ,10,1
  15760. 494171,en,15,vitthareti,vitthāreti,Vitthāreti,Vitthāreti,[fr.vitthāra] 1.to spread out A.III,187.-- 2.to expand,detail give in full Vism.351; SnA 94,117,127,274 and passim.-- pp.<i>vitthārita</i>; f.pp.vithāretabba.(Page 621) ,10,1
  15761. 494195,en,15,vittharika,vitthārika,Vitthārika,Vitthārika,(adj.) [vitthāra+ika] 1.wide-spread Miln.272.-- 2.widely famed,renowned Sn.693; J.IV,262.See also <i>bahujañña</i>.(Page 621) ,10,1
  15762. 494210,en,15,vittharita,vitthārita,Vitthārita,Vitthārita,[pp.of vitthāreti] detailed,told in full Vism.351; Mhvs 1,2 (ati° with too much detail; opp.saṅkhitta).(Page 621) ,10,1
  15763. 494238,en,15,vitthariyati,vitthāriyati,Vitthāriyati,Vitthāriyati,[denom.fr.vitthāra] to expand,to go into detail Nett 9.(Page 621) ,12,1
  15764. 494255,en,15,vitthata,vitthata,Vitthata,Vitthata,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of vitthāyati (?).A difficult form!] perplexed,confused,hesitating Miln.36 (bhīta+).Ed.Müller,P.Gr.102 considers it as pp.of vi+<em>tras</em> to tremble,together with vitthāyati &#38; vitthāyi.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15765. 494256,en,15,vitthata,vitthata,Vitthata,Vitthata,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of vi+<em>stṛ</em>] 1.extended,spread out,wide M.I.178; Vin.I,297; J.V,319; Miln.311; SnA 214; PvA.68 (doubtful!).-- 2.wide,spacious (of a robe) Vin.III,259.-- 3.flat SnA 301.(Page 621) ,8,1
  15766. 494298,en,15,vitthayati,vitthāyati,Vitthāyati,Vitthāyati,[vi+<em>styā</em><i>:</i> see under thīna] to be embarrassed or confused (lit.to become quite stiff),to be at a loss,to hesitate Vin.I,94=II.272; aor.<i>vitthāsi</i> (vitthāyi?) ibid.[the latter taken as aor.of <i>tras</i> by Geiger,P.Gr.§ 166].-- pp.<i>vitthata<sup>2</sup> </i>&<i> vitthāyita</i>.(Page 621) ,10,1
  15767. 494309,en,15,vitthayitatta,vitthāyitatta,Vitthāyitatta,Vitthāyitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vitthāyita,pp.of vitthāyati] perplexity,hesitation D.I,249.(Page 621) ,13,1
  15768. 494314,en,15,vitthinna,vitthiṇṇa,Vitthiṇṇa,Vitthiṇṇa,[vi+thiṇṇa] “spread out,” wide,large,extensive,roomy J.II,159 (so read for vittiṇṇa); Miln.102,283,311,382; DhsA.307; SnA 76; VvA.88; Sdhp.391,617.Cp.pari°.(Page 621) ,9,1
  15769. 494348,en,15,vitti,vitti,Vitti,Vitti,(f.) [cp.Sk.vitti,fr.<em>vid</em>] prosperity,happiness,joy,felicity A.III,78; J.IV,103; VI,117; Kvu 484; Th.1,609; Dhs.9 (cp.DhsA.143); PvA.106.(Page 621) ,5,1
  15770. 494401,en,15,vitudati,vitudati,Vitudati,Vitudati,[vi+tudati] to strike,prick,nudge,knock,push,attack D.I,105; S.IV,225; A.III,366; Sn.675; Ud.67; J.II,163,185.-- Pass.<i>vitujjati</i> Vism.505; VbhA.104,108.-- pp.<i>vitunna</i>.(Page 620) ,8,1
  15771. 494434,en,15,vitunna,vitunna,Vitunna,Vitunna,[pp.of vitudati] struck,pricked,pushed J.III,380.(Page 620) ,7,1
  15772. 494442,en,15,vitureyyati,vitureyyati,Vitureyyati,Vitureyyati,at J.V,47 is not clear.The v.l.is vitariyati; the C.expl<sup>s</sup> by tuleti tīreti,i.e.contemplates,examines.Kern,Toev.s.v.discusses it in detail &#38; proposes writing <i>vituriyata</i> (3<sup>rd</sup> sg.praet.med.), &#38; expl<sup>s</sup> at “get over” [cp.Vedic tūryati overcome,fr.<em>tur</em> or <em>tvar</em>=P.tarati<sup>2</sup>].Dutoit trsl<sup>s</sup> “überstieg.” (Page 620) ,11,1
  15773. 494469,en,15,vivada,vivāda,Vivāda,Vivāda,[fr.vi+<em>vad</em>] dispute,quarrel,contention D.I,236; III,246; A.IV,401; Sn.596,863,877,912; Nd<sup>1</sup> 103,167,173,260,307; Pug.19,22; Ud.67; J.I,165; Miln.413; VvA.131.There are 6 <i>vivāda-mūlāni</i> (roots of contention),viz.kodha,makkha,issā,sāṭheyya,pāpicchatā,sandiṭṭhi-parāmāsa or anger,selfishness,envy,fraudulence,evil intention,worldliness:D.III,246; A.III,334 sq.; Vbh.380; referred to at Ps.I,130.There is another list of 10 at A.V,78 consisting in wrong representations regarding dhamma &#38; <i>vinaya</i>.(Page 637) ,6,1
  15774. 494500,en,15,vivadaka,vivādaka,Vivādaka,Vivādaka,[fr.vivāda] a quarreller J.I,209.(Page 638) ,8,1
  15775. 494529,en,15,vivadana,vivadana,Vivadana,Vivadana,(nt.) [fr.vivadati] causing separation,making discord D.I,11; DA.I,96.(Page 637) ,8,1
  15776. 494593,en,15,vivadata,vīvadāta,Vīvadāta,Vīvadāta,(adj.) [vi+avadāta,the metric form of <i>vodāta</i>] clean,pure Sn.784,881.(Page 644) ,8,1
  15777. 494605,en,15,vivadati,vivadati,Vivadati,Vivadati,[vi+vadati] 1.to dispute,quarrel Sn.842,884; J.I,209; Miln.47.-- 2.(intrs.) to be quarrelled with S.III,138.(Page 637) ,8,1
  15778. 494644,en,15,vivadha,vivadha,Vivadha,Vivadha,(carrying yoke) see <i>khārī-vidha</i> and <i>vividha<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 637) ,7,1
  15779. 494669,en,15,vivadiyati,vivādiyati,Vivādiyati,Vivādiyati,(vivādeti) [denom.fr.vivāda] to quarrel Sn.832 (=kalahaṁ karoti Nd<sup>1</sup> 173),879,895.Pot.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.vivādiyetha (=kolahaṁ kareyya Nd<sup>1</sup> 307), &#38; <i>vivādayetha</i> Sn.830 (id.expl<sup>n</sup> Nd<sup>1</sup> 170).(Page 638) ,10,1
  15780. 494681,en,15,vivaha,vivāha,Vivāha,Vivāha,[fr.vi+<em>vah</em>] “carrying or sending away,” i.e.marriage,wedding D.I,99; Sn.p.105; PvA.144; SnA 448 (where distinction <i>āvāha</i>=kaññā-gahaṇaṁ,<i>vivāha</i>= kaññā-dānaṁ).-- As nt.at Vin.III,135.Cp.<i>āvāha</i> &#38; vevāhika.(Page 638) ,6,1
  15781. 494702,en,15,vivahana,vivāhana,Vivāhana,Vivāhana,(nt.) [fr.vi+<em>vah</em>] giving in marriage or getting a husband for a girl (cp.āvāhana) D.I,11; DA.I,96.Cp.Vin.III,135.(Page 638) ,8,1
  15782. 494779,en,15,vivajjeti,vivajjeti,Vivajjeti,Vivajjeti,[vi+vajjeti] to avoid,abandon,forsake S.I,43; A.V,17; Sn.53 (=parivajj° abhivajj° Nd<sup>2</sup> 592),399 (°jjaya),407 (praet.°jjayi); Vv 84<sup>38</sup> (°jjayātha=parivajjetha VvA.346); J.I,473; III,263,481 (°jjayi); V,233 (Pot.°jjaye); Miln.129; Sdhp.210,353,395.-- pp.<i>vivajjita</i>.-- Pass.<i>vivajjati</i> J.I,27.(Page 636) ,9,1
  15783. 494796,en,15,vivajjita,vivajjita,Vivajjita,Vivajjita,[pp.of vivajjeti] 1.abandoning,abstaining from VvA.75 (°kiliṭṭha-kamma).-- 2.avoided Th.2,459.‹-› 3.distant from (Abl.) Miln.131.(Page 636) ,9,1
  15784. 494817,en,15,vivana,vivana,Vivana,Vivana,(nt.) [vi+vana] wilderness,barren land S.I,100; Vv 77<sup>6</sup> (=arañña VvA.302); J.II,191,317.(Page 637) ,6,1
  15785. 494829,en,15,vivanna,vivaṇṇa,Vivaṇṇa,Vivaṇṇa,(adj.) [vi+vaṇṇa] discoloured,pale,wan Sn.585; Th.2,79; J.II,418.(Page 637) ,7,1
  15786. 494836,en,15,vivannaka,vivaṇṇaka,Vivaṇṇaka,Vivaṇṇaka,(nt.) [fr.vivaṇṇeti] dispraise,reviling Vin.IV,143.(Page 637) ,9,1
  15787. 494871,en,15,vivanneti,vivaṇṇeti,Vivaṇṇeti,Vivaṇṇeti,[vi+vaṇṇeti] to dispraise,defame Pv III,10<SUP>Q</SUP> (thūpa-pūjaṁ); PvA.212.(Page 637) ,9,1
  15788. 494898,en,15,vivara,vivara,Vivara,Vivara,(nt.) [fr.vi+<em>vṛ</em>] 1.opening (lit.dis-covering),pore,cleft,leak,fissure Dh.127 (pabbatānaṁ; cp Divy 532; Miln.150; PvA.104); Vism.192,262; J.IV,16; V,87; DhA.IV,46 (mukha°); SnA 355; PvA.152,283.‹-› 2.interval,interstice D.I,56 (quoted at Pv IV.3<sup>27</sup>); Vism.185.-- 3.fault,flaw,defect A.III,186 sq.; J.V,376.(Page 637) ,6,1
  15789. 494935,en,15,vivarana,vivaraṇa,Vivaraṇa,Vivaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.vivarati] 1.uncovering,unveiling,making open,revelation,in <i>loka°</i> laying open the worlds,unveiling of the Universe; referred to as a great miracle at Vism.392; Miln.350; Dāvs II.120; J.IV,266.-- 2.opening,unfolding,making accessible,purifying (fig.),in <i>ceto°</i> A.III,117,121; IV,352; V,67.-- 3.explanation,making clear (cp.<i>vibhajana</i>) Nett 8 (as f.); SnA 445.(Page 637) ,8,1
  15790. 494989,en,15,vivarati,vivarati,Vivarati,Vivarati,[vi+varati <em>vṛ</em><i>;</i> see vuṇāti] 1.to uncover,to open Vin.II,219 (windows,opp.thaketi); D.I,85 (paṭicchannaṁ v.); J.I,63 (dvāraṁ),69; IV,133 (nagaraṁ); DhA.I,328 (vātapānaṁ); DA.I,228; PvA.74 (mukhaṁ); VvA.157,284.-- 2.(fig.) to open,make clear,reveal S.IV,166; V,261; KhA 12 (+vibhajati etc.).-- pp.<i>vivaṭa</i>.(Page 637) ,8,1
  15791. 495049,en,15,vivasana,vivasana,Vivasana,Vivasana,(nt.) [vi+<em>vas</em><i> (</i><em>uṣ</em><i>)</i> to shine,cp.vibhāti] (gradually) getting light; turning into dawn (said of the night),only in phrase <i>ratyā vivasane</i> at the end of night,comb<sup>d</sup> in stock phrase with <i>suriy’uggamanaṁ pati</i> “towards sunrise” (evidently an old phrase) at Th.1,517; J.IV,241; V,381,461; VI,491; Pv III,8<sup>2</sup>.Also at Sn.710.(Page 637) ,8,1
  15792. 495059,en,15,vivasati,vivasati,Vivasati,Vivasati,[vi+vasati<sup>2</sup>] to live away from home,to be separated,to be distant J.IV,217.-- Cp.<i>vippavasati</i>.(Page 637) ,8,1
  15793. 495065,en,15,vivaseti,vivaseti,Vivaseti,Vivaseti,[Caus.of vi+<em>vas</em> to shine] lit.to make [it] get light; <i>rattiṁ v</i>.to spend the night (till it gets light) Sn.1142; Nd<sup>2</sup> 594 (=atināmeti) -- <i>vivasati</i> is Kern’s proposed reading for <i>vijahati</i> (rattiṁ) at Th.1,451.He founds his conjecture on a v.l.vivasate &#38; the C.expl<sup>n</sup> “atināmeti khepeti.” Mrs.Rh.D.trsl<SUP>Q</SUP> “waste” (i.e.vijahati).(Page 637) ,8,1
  15794. 495073,en,15,vivata,vivaṭa,Vivaṭa,Vivaṭa,[vi+vaṭa,pp.of <em>vṛ</em><i>:</i> see vuṇāti] uncovered,open (lit. &#38; fig.),laid bare,unveiled Sn.19 (lit.),374 (fig.= anāvaṭa SnA 366),763,793 (=open-minded); Nd<sup>1</sup> 96; Pug.45,46 (read vivaṭa for pi vaṭa; opp.pihita); Vism.185 (opp.pihita); J.V,434; DhA.III,79; VvA.27; PvA.283 (mukha unveiled).--<i>vivaṭena cetasā</i> “with mind awake &#38; clear” D.III,223; A.IV,86; S.V,263; cp.<i>cetovivaraṇa</i>.<i> --vivaṭa</i> is freq.v.l.for <i>vivatta</i> (-cchada),e.g.at A.II,44; Sn.372; DhA.III,195; SnA 265 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of term); sometimes the only reading in this phrase (q.v.),e.g.at Nd<sup>2</sup> 593.-- Instr.<i>vivaṭena</i> as adv.“openly” Vin.II,99; IV,21.<br><br> <i>--cakkhu</i> open-minded,clear-sighted Sn.921; Nd<sup>1</sup> 354.<i>--dvāra</i> (having) an open door,an open house J.V,293 (aḍḍha° half open); DhA.II,74 <i>--nakkhatta</i> a yearly festival,“Public Day,” called after the fashion of the people going uncovered (appaṭicchannena sarīrena) &#38; bare-footed to the river DhA.I,388.(Page 636) ,6,1
  15795. 495106,en,15,vivataka,vivaṭaka,Vivaṭaka,Vivaṭaka,(adj.) [vivaṭa+ka] open (i.e.not secret) Vin.II,99.(Page 637) ,8,1
  15796. 495167,en,15,vivatta,vivaṭṭa,Vivaṭṭa,Vivaṭṭa,(m. &#38; nt.) [vi+vaṭṭa<sup>1</sup>] 1.“rolling back,” with ref.to the development of the world (or the aeons,kappa) used to denote a devolving cycle (“devolution”),whereas <i>vaṭṭa</i> alone or <i>saṁvaṭṭa</i> denote the involving cycle (both either with or without kappa).Thus as “periods” of the world they practically mean the same thing &#38; may both be interpreted in the sense of a new beginning.As redupl.-inter.cpds.they express only the idea of constant change.We sometimes find vivaṭṭa in the sense of “renewal” &#38; saṁvaṭṭa in the sense of “destruction,” where we should expect the opposite meaning for each.See also <i>vaṭṭa </i>&<i> saṁvaṭta</i>.Dogmatically <i>vivaṭṭa</i> is used as “absence of vaṭṭa,” i.e.<i>nibbāna</i> or salvation from saṁsāra (see vaṭṭa &#38; cp.citta-vivaṭṭa,ceto°,ñāṇa°,vimokkha° at Ps.I,108 &#38; II.70).-- Fig.in <i>kamma°</i> “the rolling back of k.” i.e.devolution or course of kamma at S.I,85.-- Abs. &#38; comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>saṁvaṭṭa</i> (i.e.devolution comb<sup>d</sup> with evolution) e.g.at D.I,14,16 sq.; III,109; A.II,142 (where read vivaṭṭe for vivaṭṭo); Pug.60; Vism.419 (here as m.<i>vivaṭṭo</i>,compared with saṁvaṭṭo),420 (°ṭṭhāyin).In cpd.<i>°kappa</i> (i.e.descending aeon) at D.III,51; Pug.60; It.15.-- 2.(nt.) part of a bhikkhu’s dress (rolling up of the binding?),comb<sup>d</sup> with anu-vivaṭṭa at Vin.I,287.(Page 637) ,7,1
  15797. 495180,en,15,vivatta-cchada,vivatta-cchada,Vivatta-cchada,Vivatta-cchada,(adj.) having the cover removed,with the veil lifted; one who draws away the veil (cp.vivaraṇa) or reveals (the Universe etc.); or one who is freed of all (mental &#38; spiritual) coverings (thus Bdhgh),Ep.of the Buddha.-- Spelling sometimes <i>chadda°</i> (see chada).-- D.I,89; II,16; III,142 (dd; sammā-sambuddha loko vivatta-chadda; trsl<sup>n</sup> “rolling back the veil from the world”),177 (dd); A.II,44 (v.l.dd); Sn.372 (expl<sup>d</sup> as “vivaṭa-rāga-dosa-moha-chadana SnA 365),378,1003 (ed.Sn.prefers dd as T.reading); Nd<sup>2</sup> 593 (with allegorical interpretation); J.I,51; III,349; IV,271 (dd); DhA.I,201 (v.l.dd); III,195; DA.I,250.-- It occurs either as <i>vivatta°</i> or <i>vivaṭa°</i>.In the first case (<i>vivatta°</i>) the expl<sup>n</sup> presents difficulties,as it is neither the opp.of <i>vatta</i> (“duty”),nor the same as <i>vivaṭṭa</i> (“moving back” intrs.),nor a direct pp.of <i>vivattati</i> (like Sk.vivṛtta) in which meaning it would come nearer to “stopped,reverted,ceased.” <i>vivattati</i> has not been found in Pāli.The only plausible expl<sup>n</sup> would be taking it as an abs.pp.formation fr.<em>vṛt</em> in Caus.sense (vatteti),thus “moved back,stopped,discarded” [cp.BSk.vivartayati to cast off a garment,Divy 39).In the second case (<i>vivaṭa°</i>) it is pp.of <i>vivarati</i> [vi+<em>vṛ</em><i>:</i> see vuṇāti],in meaning “uncovered,lifted,off,” referring to the covering (chada) as uncovered instead of the uncovered object.See <i>vivaṭa</i>.It is difficult to decide between the two meanings.On the principle of the “lectio difficilior” <i>vivatta</i> would have the preference,whereas from a natural &#38; simple point of view <i>vivaṭa</i> seems more intelligible &#38; more fitting.It is evidently an old phrase.Note.<i>--vivatta-kkhandha</i> at S.I,121 is a curious expression (“with his shoulders twisted round”?).Is it an old misreading for <i>pattakkhandha</i>? Cp.however,S.A.quoted K.S.I.151,n.5,explaining it as a dying monk’s effort to gain an orthodox posture.(Page 637) ,14,1
  15798. 495252,en,15,vivattana,vivaṭṭana,Vivaṭṭana,Vivaṭṭana,(nt.) &#38; °ā (f) [fr.vivaṭṭati] turning away,moving on,moving back Ps.I,66; II,98; Vism.278 (f.; expl<sup>d</sup> as “magga”).(Page 637) ,9,1
  15799. 495329,en,15,vivattati,vivaṭṭati,Vivaṭṭati,Vivaṭṭati,[vi+vaṭṭati] 1.to move back,to go back,to revolve,to begin again (of a new world-cycle),contrasted with <i>saṁvaṭṭati</i> to move in an ascending line (cp.vivaṭṭa) D.I,17; III,84,109; Vism.327.-- 2.to be distracted or diverted from (Abl.),to turn away; to turn over,to be upset Nett 131; Pug.32 (so read for vivattati); Ps.II,98 (ppr.).-- pp.<i>vivaṭṭa</i>.(Page 637) ,9,1
  15800. 495335,en,15,vivattati,vivattati,Vivattati,Vivattati,at Pug.32 is to be read as vivaṭṭati.(Page 637) ,9,1
  15801. 495359,en,15,vivatteti,vivaṭṭeti,Vivaṭṭeti,Vivaṭṭeti,[vi+vaṭṭeti] to turn down or away (perhaps in dogmatic sense to turn away from saṁsāra),to divert,destroy:only in phrase <i>vivaṭṭayi saṁyojanaṁ</i> (in standard setting with <i>acchecchi taṇhaṁ</i>),where the usual v.l.is <i>vāvattayi</i> (see <i>vāvatteti</i>).Thus at M.I,12,122; S.I,127; IV,105,205,207,399; A.I,134; III,246,444 sq.; IV,8 sq.; It.47 (T.vivattayi).(Page 637) ,9,1
  15802. 495434,en,15,viveceti,viveceti,Viveceti,Viveceti,[Caus.of viviccati] to cause separation,to separate,to keep back,dissuade Vin.I,64; D.I,226; S.III,110; M.I.256; Pv III,10<sup>7</sup> (=paribāheti PvA.214); Miln.339; DhsA.311; Nett 113,164 (°iyamāna).(Page 638) ,8,1
  15803. 495443,en,15,vivecitatta,vivecitatta,Vivecitatta,Vivecitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vivecita,pp.of viveceti] discrimination,specification DhsA.388.(Page 638) ,11,1
  15804. 495453,en,15,viveka,viveka,Viveka,Viveka,[fr.vi+<em>vic</em>] detachment,loneliness,separation,seclusion; “singleness” (of heart),discrimination (of thought) D.I,37,182; III,222,226,283=S.IV,191 (°ninna citta); S.I,2,194; IV,365 sq.; V,6,240 sq.; A.I,53; III,329; IV,224; Vin.IV,241; Sn.474,772,822,851,915,1065; Nd<sup>1</sup> 158,222; J.I,79; III,31; Dhs.160; Pug.59,68; Nett 16,50; DhsA.164,166; ThA.64; PvA.43; Sdhp.471.--<i>viveka</i> is given as fivefold at Ps.II,220 sq.and VbhA.316,cp.K.S.I.321 (Bdhgh on S.III,2,8),viz.tadaṅga°,vikkhambhana°,samuccheda° paṭippassaddhi°,nissaraṇa°; as threefold at Vism.140,viz.kāya°,citta°,vikkhambhana°,i.e.physically,mentally,ethically; which division amounts to the same as that given at Nd<sup>1</sup> 26 with kāya°,citta°,upadhi°,the latter equivalent to “nibbāna.” Cp.on term Dial.I.84.See also <i>jhāna</i>.Cp.<i>pa°</i>.(Page 638) ,6,1
  15805. 495556,en,15,vivekatta,vivekattā,Vivekattā,Vivekattā,<i>=vivittatā</i> VbhA.316.(Page 638) ,9,1
  15806. 495596,en,15,vivesa,vivesa,Vivesa,Vivesa,[?] distinction D.I,229,233.We should read <i>visesa</i>,as printed on p.233.(Page 638) ,6,1
  15807. 495602,en,15,vivethiyati,viveṭhiyati,Viveṭhiyati,Viveṭhiyati,[vi+veṭhïyati] to get entangled Vin.II,117.(Page 638) ,11,1
  15808. 495611,en,15,vivicca,vivicca,Vivicca,Vivicca,(indecl.) [ger.of viviccati] separating oneself from (Instr.),aloof from D.I,37; A.III,25; J.VI,388; Dhs.160; Pug.68; Vism.139,140 (expl<sup>d</sup> in detail).-- Doubtful reading at Pv.I,11<sup>9</sup> (for viricca?).-- As <i>viviccaṁ</i> ( &#38; a°) at J.V,434 in meaning “secretly” (=raho paṭicchannaṁ C.).(Page 638) ,7,1
  15809. 495632,en,15,viviccati,viviccati,Viviccati,Viviccati,[vi+<em>vic</em>] to separate oneself,to depart from,to be alone,to separate (intrs.) Vin.IV,241; ger.<i>viviccitvā</i> DhsA.165, &#38; <i>vivicca</i> (see sep.).-- pp.<i>vivitta</i>.-- Cp.<i>viveceti</i>.(Page 638) ,9,1
  15810. 495639,en,15,viviccha,vivicchā,Vivicchā,Vivicchā,(f.) [Desid.of <em>vid</em>,cp.Sk.vivitsā] manifold desire,greediness,avarice DhsA.375; Nett 11 (where expl<sup>n</sup> “vivicchā nāma vuccati <i>vicikicchā</i>”).See also <i>veviccha</i>.(Page 638) ,8,1
  15811. 495647,en,15,vivicchati,vivicchati,Vivicchati,Vivicchati,[Desid.of vindati] to desire,long for,want Nett 11.(Page 638) ,10,1
  15812. 495657,en,15,vividha,vividha,Vividha,Vividha,<sup>2</sup> [for Sk.vivadha; vi+<em>vah</em>] carrying-yoke D.I,101; S.I,78 (as v.l.khāri-vividhaṁ,see khāri); J.III,116 (parikkhāraṁ vividhaṁ ādāya,where v.l.reads <i>khāriṁ</i> vividhaṁ).(Page 638) ,7,1
  15813. 495658,en,15,vividha,vividha,Vividha,Vividha,<sup>1</sup> (adj.) [vi+vidha<sup>1</sup>] divers,manifold,mixed; full of,gay with (-°) D.II,354; Pv.II,4<sup>9</sup>; Vv 35<sup>9</sup>; Miln.319; Mhvs 25,30; SnA 136 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of vi°:“viharati= vividhaṁ hitaṁ harati”).(Page 638) ,7,1
  15814. 495837,en,15,vivitta,vivitta,Vivitta,Vivitta,(adj.) [pp.of viviccati; vi+vitta<sup>3</sup>] separated,secluded,aloof,solitary,separate,alone D.I,71; S.I,110; A.II,210; III,92; IV,436; V,207,270; Sn.221,338,810,845; Nd<sup>1</sup> 201; Kvu 605; Miln.205; DA.I,208; DhsA.166; DhA.III,238; IV,157 (so read for vivivitta!); VbhA.365; PvA.28,141,283.Cp.<i>pa°</i>.(Page 638) ,7,1
  15815. 495853,en,15,vivittaka,vivittaka,Vivittaka,Vivittaka,(adj.) [vivitta+ka] solitary J.IV,242 (°āvāsa).(Page 638) ,9,1
  15816. 495876,en,15,vivittata,vivittatā,Vivittatā,Vivittatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.vivitta] seclusion (=viveka) VbhA.316,cp.K.S.I.321.(Page 638) ,9,1
  15817. 495889,en,15,vivitti,vivitti,Vivitti,Vivitti,(f.) [fr.viviccati] separation DhsA.166.-- Cp.<i>viveka</i>.(Page 638) ,7,1
  15818. 495905,en,15,viya°,viya°,Viya°,Viya°,the diaeretic form (for sake of metre) of vya° [=vi+ a°],which see generally.Cp.the identical veyya°.(Page 632) ,5,1
  15819. 495906,en,15,viya,viya,Viya,Viya,(indecl.) [another form of iva,viâ *via (so some Prākrits:Pischel Prk.Gr.§ 143,336)›viya.Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 336,337 derives it fr.viva=v’iva] 1.part of comparison:like,as; stands for iva (usually in verse after ā:Sn.420 (jātimā v.); Pv.I,8<sup>5</sup> (vārinā v.); or o Sn.580 (vajjho v.),818 (kapaṇo v.); or ṁ:Sn.381 (vajantaṁ v.),689 (nekkhaṁ v.).-- 2.dubitative particle:na viya maññe I suppose not M.II,121.‹-› Cp.byā.(Page 632) ,4,1
  15820. 495915,en,15,viyacikkhati,viyācikkhati,Viyācikkhati,Viyācikkhati,in verse at Sn.1090 for <i>vyācikkhati</i>,i.e.vi+ācikkhati,to tell,relate,explain; pp.vyākhyāta.(Page 633) ,12,1
  15821. 495932,en,15,viyakara,viyākāra,Viyākāra,Viyākāra,[vi+ākāra] preparation,display,distinction,splendour,majesty Sn.299 (=sampatti SnA 319).(Page 633) ,8,1
  15822. 495975,en,15,viyapanna,viyāpanna,Viyāpanna,Viyāpanna,[vi+āpanna,pp.of vi+āpajjati cp.vyāpajjati] gone down,lost,destroyed Sn.314 (in verse; gloss <i>viyāvatta</i>.The former expl<sup>d</sup> as “naṭṭha,” the latter as “viparivattitvā aññathā-bhūta” at SnA 324).(Page 633) ,9,1
  15823. 495982,en,15,viyarambha,viyārambha,Viyārambha,Viyārambha,[vi+ārambha] striving,endeavour,undertaking Sn.953 (expl<sup>d</sup> as the 3 abhisaṅkhāras,viz.puñña°,apuñña° &#38; āneñja° at Nd<sup>1</sup> 442).(Page 633) ,10,1
  15824. 495997,en,15,viyati,vīyati,Vīyati,Vīyati,[Pass.of vināti] see <i>viyyati</i>.(Page 644) ,6,1
  15825. 496008,en,15,viyatta,viyatta,Viyatta,Viyatta,(adj.) [cp.Sk.vyakta,vi+pp.of <em>añj</em>] determined,of settled opinion,learned,accomplished; only in stock phrase sāvakā viyattā vinītā visāradā (which Rh.D.trsl<sup>s</sup> “true hearers,wise and well-trained,ready etc.” Dial.II.114) at D.II,104=A.IV,310=S.V,260=Ud.63.The BSk.(at Divy 202) has śrāvakāh (for bhikkhū!) paṇḍitā bhaviṣyanti <i>vyaktā</i> vinītā viśāradāh.‹-› 2.separated,split,dissenting,heretic Sn.800 (=vavatthita bhinna dvejjhāpanna etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 108; =bhinna SnA 530).Cp.the two meanings of vavatthita (=*vyakta),which quasi-correspond to viyatta 1 &#38; 2 At this passage the v.l.(all SS of the Commentary) <i>viyutta</i> is perhaps to be perferred to <i>viyatta</i>.<br><br> Note.It is to be noted that <i>viyatta</i> in § 1 does not occur in poetry,but seems to have spelling viy° because of the foll.vinīta and visārada.Cp.<i>vyatta </i>&<i> veyyatta</i>.(Page 632) ,7,1
  15826. 496016,en,15,viyatti,viyatti,Viyatti,Viyatti,(f.) [cp.Sk.vyakti] distinctness Dhtp 366 &#38; Dhtm 593 (in def<sup>n</sup> of <em>brū</em>).Cp.<i>veyyatti</i>.(Page 633) ,7,1
  15827. 496024,en,15,viyayata,viyāyata,Viyāyata,Viyāyata,[vi+āyata] stretched out or across J.III,373 (in verse).(Page 633) ,8,1
  15828. 496037,en,15,viyoga,viyoga,Viyoga,Viyoga,[vi+yoga 2] separation J.VI,482; Mhvs 19,16 (Mahābodhi°); PvA.160,161 (pati° from her husband); Sdhp.77,164.(Page 633) ,6,1
  15829. 496105,en,15,viyuhana,viyūhana,Viyūhana,Viyūhana,(nt.) [fr.viyūhati] removing,removal Vism.302 (paṁsu°).(Page 633) ,8,1
  15830. 496120,en,15,viyuhati,viyūhati,Viyūhati,Viyūhati,[vi+<i>ūh</i>,a differentiated form of <em>vah</em>] to take away,carry off,remove Vin.III,48 (paṁsuṁ vyūhati); J.I,177,199 (paṁsuṁ),238,331 (kaddamaṁ dvidhā viyūhitvā); III,52 (vālikaṁ); IV,265 (paṁsuṁ); VI,448 (vālukaṁ); DhsA.315; DhA.II,38; III,207 (paṁsuṁ).‹-› pp.<i>viyūḷha</i>.Cp.saṁyūhati.(Page 633) ,8,1
  15831. 496151,en,15,viyulha,viyūḷha,Viyūḷha,Viyūḷha,[apparently vi+ūḷha,pp.of viyūhati,but mixed in meaning with vi+ūha (of <i>vah</i>)=vyūha] massed,heaped; thick,dense (of fighting) M.I,86=Nd<sup>2</sup> 199<sup>5</sup> (ubhato viyūlḥaṁ saṅgāmaṁ massed battle on both sides); A.III,94,99 (saṅgāma,cp.S.IV,308); J.VI,275 (balaggāni viyūḷhāni; C.=pabbūḷha-vasena ṭhitāni where pabbūḷha evidently in meaning “sambādha.” ‹-› 2.put in array,prepared,imminent J.II,336 (maraṇe viyūḷhe=paccupaṭṭhite C.).Cp.saṁyūḷha.(Page 633) ,7,1
  15832. 496163,en,15,viyyati,viyyati,Viyyati,Viyyati,[Pass.of vāyati<sup>1</sup> or vināti.The Vedic is ūyate] to be woven Vin.III,259.-- pp.<i>vīta<sup>2</sup></i>.(Page 633) ,7,1
  15833. 496177,en,15,vo°,vo°,Vo°,Vo°,is commonly regarded as the prefix comb<sup>n</sup> <i>vi+ava°</i> (i.e.vi+o°),but in many cases it simply represents <i>ava°</i> (=o°) with v as euphonic (“vorschlag”),as in vonata (=onata),voloketi,vokkanti,vokiṇṇa,voropeti,vosāpeti,vosāna,vossagga.In a few cases it corresponds to <i>vi+ud°</i>,as in vokkamati,vocchijjati,voyoga.(Page 651) ,3,1
  15834. 496178,en,15,vo,vo,Vo,Vo,<sup>2</sup> [cp.Vedic vaḥ,Av.vō,Lat.vos,Gr.u)/mme] is enclitic form of <i>tumhe</i> (see under <i>tuvaṁ</i>),i.e.to you,of you; but it is generally interpreted by the C.as “nipāta,” i.e.particle (of emphasis or exclamation; i.e.vo<sup>1</sup>).Thus e.g.at Pv.I,5<sup>3</sup> (cp.PvA.26).(Page 651) ,2,1
  15835. 496179,en,15,vo,vo,Vo,Vo,<sup>1</sup> (indecl.) a particle of emphasis,perhaps=<i>eva</i>,or =<i>vo<sup>2</sup></i> (as dative of interest).The Commentaries explain it as “nipāta,” i.e.particle.Thus at Sn.560,760.(Page 651) ,2,1
  15836. 496183,en,15,vobhindati,vobhindati,Vobhindati,Vobhindati,[vi+ava+bhindati] to split; ppr.<i>°anto</i> (fig.) hair-splitting D.I,162; M.I,176; aor.<i>vobhindi</i> (lit.) to break,split (one’s head,sīsaṁ) M.I,336.(Page 652) ,10,1
  15837. 496186,en,15,vocarita,vocarita,Vocarita,Vocarita,[pp.of vi+ocarati] penetrated (into consciousness),investigated,apperceived M.I,478; A.IV,363 (=manodvāre samudācāra-ppatta).(Page 651) ,8,1
  15838. 496189,en,15,vocchadana,vocchādanā,Vocchādanā,Vocchādanā,(f.) [fr.vi+ava+<em>chad</em>] covering up (entirely) VbhA.493.(Page 651) ,10,1
  15839. 496197,en,15,vocchijjati,vocchijjati,Vocchijjati,Vocchijjati,[vi+ud+chijjati,Pass.of <em>chid</em>] to be cut off S.III,53 (so read).-- pp.neg.<i>abbocchinna</i>:see <i>abbhocchinna</i>.(=*avyucch°).(Page 651) ,11,1
  15840. 496211,en,15,vodaka,vodaka,Vodaka,Vodaka,(adj.) [vi+odaka=udaka] free from water Vin.II,113.(Page 651) ,6,1
  15841. 496218,en,15,vodana,vodāna,Vodāna,Vodāna,(nt.) [fr.vi+ava+<em>dā</em><i><sup>4</sup></i> to clean,cp.BSk.vyavadāna Divy 616; AvŚ II.188] 1.cleansing,getting bright (of sun &#38; moon) D.I,10 (=visuddhatā DA.I,95).-- 2.purity (from the kilesas,or stains of sin),purification,sanctification M.I,115 (opp.saṁkilesa); S.III,151 (citta°,adj.; opp.citta-saṅkilesa); A.III,418 sq.; V,34; Ps.I,166; Vbh.343; Nett 96,100,125 sq.; Vism.51 sq.89; VbhA.401; DhA.III,405.(Page 651) ,6,1
  15842. 496225,en,15,vodaniya,vodāniya,Vodāniya,Vodāniya,(adj.) [grd.form<sup>n</sup> from vodāna] apt to purify,purifying D.I,195; III,57.Opp.<i>saṁkilesika</i>.(Page 651) ,8,1
  15843. 496234,en,15,vodapana,vodāpana,Vodāpana,Vodāpana,(nt.) [fr.vodapeti] cleansing,purification DhA.III,237 (=pariyodapana).(Page 651) ,8,1
  15844. 496242,en,15,vodapeti,vodapeti,Vodapeti,Vodapeti,(or <i>°dāpeti</i>) [Caus.of vodāyati] to cleanse,purify DhA.II,162.(Page 651) ,8,1
  15845. 496248,en,15,vodasa,vodāsa,Vodāsa,Vodāsa,[?] only at D.III,43 in phrase °ṁ āpajjati in meaning of “making a distinction,” being particular (about food:bhojanesu),having a dainty appetite; expl<sup>d</sup> by “dve bhāge karoti” Bdhgh.It seems to stand for <i>vokāra</i>,unless we take it to be a misspelling for <i>vodāya</i> “cutting off,” fr.vi+ava+<i>dā</i>,thus “separating the food” (?):Suggestive also is the likeness with <i>vosānaṁ</i> āpajjati.(Page 651) ,6,1
  15846. 496251,en,15,vodata,vodāta,Vodāta,Vodāta,(adj.) [vi+odāta,cp.vīvadāta] clean,pure M.I,319.(Page 651) ,6,1
  15847. 496253,en,15,vodaya,vodāya,Vodāya,Vodāya,at J.IV,184 appears to be a misreading for <i>codāya</i> (ger.from <i>codeti</i>) in meaning <i>iṇaṁ codeti</i> to undertake a loan,to lend money at interest (=vaḍḍhiyā inaṁ payojetvā C.),to demand payment for a loan.The v.l.at all places is <i>codāya</i> (=codetvā).See <i>codeti</i>.(Page 651) ,6,1
  15848. 496255,en,15,vodayati,vodāyati,Vodāyati,Vodāyati,[vi+ava+<em>dā</em><i><sup>4</sup></i> to clean] to become clean or clear,to be purified or cleansed A.V,169 (fig.saddhammassa),317 (id.; expl<sup>d</sup> by C.as “vodānaṁ gacchati”); J.II,418 (of a precious stone).(Page 651) ,8,1
  15849. 496258,en,15,vodittha,vodiṭṭha,Vodiṭṭha,Vodiṭṭha,[pp.of vi+ava+<em>diś</em>,cp.odissa &#38; the BSk.vyapadeśa pretext Divy 435] defined,fully understood,recognized M.I,478; A.IV,363 (=suṭṭhu diṭṭha C.).(Page 651) ,8,1
  15850. 496265,en,15,vohara,vohāra,Vohāra,Vohāra,[vi+avahāra] 1.trade,business M.II,360; Sn.614 (°ṁ upajīvati); J.I,495; II,133,202; V,471; PvA.111,278.-- 2.current appellation,common use (of language),popular logic,common way of defining,usage,designation,term,cognomen; (adj.) (-°) so called SnA 383,466,483 (laddha° so-called); DA.I,70; PvA.56,231 (laddha° padesa,with the name) VvA.8,72 (pāṇo ti vohārato satto),108 (loka nirūḷhāya samaññāya v.).--<i>ariya-vohāra</i> proper (i.e.Buddhist) mode of speech (opp.anariya° unbuddhist or vulgar,common speech) D.III,232; A.II,246; IV,307; Vin.IV,2; Vbh.376,387.<i>lokiya-vohāra</i> common definition,general way of speech SnA 382.On term see also Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> § 1306.-- 3.lawsuit,law,lawful obligation; juridical practice,jurisprudence (cp.vohārika) Sn.246 (°kūṭa fraudulent lawyer); J.II,423 (°ṁ sādheti to claim a debt by way of law,or a lawful debt); VI,229; DhA.III,12 (°ûpajīvin a lawyer); SnA 289.-- 4.name of a sea-monster,which gets hold of ships J.V,259.(Page 652) ,6,1
  15851. 496281,en,15,voharati,voharati,Voharati,Voharati,[vi+oharati] 1.to express,define,decide M.I,499; D.I,202; Miln.218.-- 2.to decide,govern over (a kingdom),give justice,administrate J.IV,134 (Bārāṇasiṁ maṁsa-sur-odakaṁ,i.e.provide with; double Acc.),192 (inf.<i>vohātuṁ</i>=voharituṁ C.).-- Pass.<i>vohariyati</i> to be called SnA 26; PvA.94; ThA.24.(Page 652) ,8,1
  15852. 496294,en,15,voharika,vohārika,Vohārika,Vohārika,[fr.vohāra] “decider,” one connected with a law-suit or with the law,magistrate,a higher official (mahāmatta) in the law-courts,a judge or justice.At Vin.I,74 two classes of <i>mahāmattā</i> (ministers) are given:<i>senānāyakā</i> those of defence,and <i>vohārikā</i> of justice; cp.Vin.II,158; III,45 (purāṇa-vohāriko mahāmatto); IV,223.(Page 652) ,8,1
  15853. 496322,en,15,vokara,vokāra,Vokāra,Vokāra,[v(i)+okāra; cp.vikāra] 1.difference Sn.611.‹-› 2.constituent of being (i.e.the khandhas),usually as <i>eka°</i>,<i> catu° </i>&<i> pañca°-bhava</i>,e.g.Kvu 261; Vbh.137; Tikp 32,36 sq.; Vism.572; KhA 245; SnA 19,158.In this meaning <i>vokāra</i> is peculiar to the Abhidhamma and is almost synonymous with vikāra 4,and in the Yamaka with khandha,e.g.pañca v.catu v.etc.‹-› 3.worthless thing,trifle S.II,29.-- 4.inconvenience,disadvantage (cp.vikāra 3) PvA.12 (line 1 read:anek’ākāra-vokāraṁ).(Page 651) ,6,1
  15854. 496329,en,15,vokinna,vokiṇṇa,Vokiṇṇa,Vokiṇṇa,(adj.) [v(i)+okiṇṇa] covered with,drenched (with); mixed up,full of (Instr.) M.I,390; S.II,29; A.I,123,148; II,232; J.I,110; DhsA.69.-- Cp.<i>abbokiṇṇa</i>.(Page 651) ,7,1
  15855. 496333,en,15,vokinnaka,vokiṇṇaka,Vokiṇṇaka,Vokiṇṇaka,(adj.) [vokiṇṇa+ka] mixed up Miln.300 (kapiniddā-pareto vokiṇṇakaṁ jaggati a person with light sleep,so-called “monkey-doze,” lies confusedly awake,i.e.is half asleep,half awake).Rh.D.not quite to the point:“a man still guards his scattered thoughts.” (Page 651) ,9,1
  15856. 496338,en,15,vokkamana,vokkamana,Vokkamana,Vokkamana,(nt.) [fr.vokkamati] turning aside,deviation fr.(Abl.) M.I,14; A.I,243.(Page 651) ,9,1
  15857. 496344,en,15,vokkamati,vokkamati,Vokkamati,Vokkamati,[vi+ukkamati] to turn aside,deviate from (Abl.); mostly in ger.<i>vokkamma</i> Vin.II,213; D.I,230; M.III,117; S.IV,117; Sn.946; J.I,23; Vism.18.-- pp.<i>vokkanta</i>.(Page 651) ,9,1
  15858. 496359,en,15,vokkanta,vokkanta,Vokkanta,Vokkanta,[pp.of vokkamati] deviated from (Abl.) It.36.(Page 651) ,8,1
  15859. 496365,en,15,vokkanti,vokkanti,Vokkanti,Vokkanti,(f.) [v(i)+akkanti] descent (into the womb),conception Th.1,790.(Page 651) ,8,1
  15860. 496368,en,15,vokkha,vokkha,Vokkha,Vokkha,(adj) [? doubtful reading] is at J.III,21 given as syn.of <i>vaggu</i> (q.v.).(Page 651) ,6,1
  15861. 496372,en,15,volokana,volokana,Volokana,Volokana,(nt.) [v(i)+olokana,but cp.BSk.vyavalokana “inspection” Divy 435] looking at,examination J.IV,237 (v.l.vi°).(Page 652) ,8,1
  15862. 496378,en,15,voloketi,voloketi,Voloketi,Voloketi,[v(i)+oloketi; in meaning equal to viloketi &#38; oloketi] to examine,study,scrutinize M.I,213 (with Gen.); Vin.I,6 (lokaṁ); Kvu 591; DhA.I,319 (lokaṁ); II,96 (v.l.oloketi).(Page 652) ,8,1
  15863. 496381,en,15,vomadapeti,vomādapeti,Vomādapeti,Vomādapeti,at DA.I,300 is to be read as <i>vodāpeti</i> (cleanse,purify); v.l.BB vodāpeti; SS cāmā[dā]peti,i.e.to cause to be rinsed,cleanse.(Page 652) ,10,1
  15864. 496383,en,15,vomissa,vomissa,Vomissa,Vomissa,(ka) (adj.) [v(i)+omissa(ka)] miscellaneous,various Vism.87 (°katā),88 (°ka),104 (°carita).(Page 652) ,7,1
  15865. 496396,en,15,vonata,vonata,Vonata,Vonata,(adj.) [v(i)+onata] bent down Th.1,662.(Page 651) ,6,1
  15866. 496398,en,15,vopeti,vopeti,Vopeti,Vopeti,at DA.I,277 <i>(avopetvā)</i> is to be read with v.l.as <i>copeti</i>,i.e.shake,move,disturb,violate (a rule).(Page 652) ,6,1
  15867. 496403,en,15,voropana,voropana,Voropana,Voropana,(nt.) [abstr.fr.voropeti] depriving (jīvita° of life) J.I,99.(Page 652) ,8,1
  15868. 496415,en,15,voropeti,voropeti,Voropeti,Voropeti,[=oropeti] to deprive of (Abl.),to take away; only in phrase <i>jīvitā voropeti</i> [which shows that <i>--v-</i> is purely euphonic] to deprive of life,to kill D.I,85; J.IV,454; DA.I,236; DhA.IV,68; PvA.67,105,274.(Page 652) ,8,1
  15869. 496429,en,15,vosana,vosāna,Vosāna,Vosāna,(nt.) [v(i)+osāna] 1.(relative) achievement,perfection (in this world),accomplishment M.II,211 (diṭṭhadhamm’âbhiññāvosāna-pārami-ppatta); Dh.423 (cp.DhA.IV,233); Th.1,784 (°ṁ adhigacchati to reach perfection).-- 2.stopping,ceasing; in phrase <i>°ṁ āpajjati</i> (almost equal to <i>pamāda</i>) to come to an end (with),to stop,to become careless,to flag M.I,193; J.III,5; PvA.29; <i>antarā °ṁ āpajjati</i> to produce half-way achievement,to stop half-way A.V,157,164; It.85.Kern,Toev.s.v.quite wrong “to arrive at a conclusion,to be convinced.” (Page 652) ,6,1
  15870. 496433,en,15,vosapeti,vosāpeti,Vosāpeti,Vosāpeti,[v(i)+osāpeti] to make end,to bring to an end or a finish SnA 46 (desanaṁ).(Page 652) ,8,1
  15871. 496436,en,15,vosaraniya,vosāraṇiya,Vosāraṇiya,Vosāraṇiya,(adj.nt.) [fr.v(i)+osāraṇā] belonging to reinstatement A.I,99.(Page 652) ,10,1
  15872. 496443,en,15,vosatitaka,vosāṭitaka,Vosāṭitaka,Vosāṭitaka,(nt.) [wrong spelling for *vossaṭṭhika=v(i)+ ossaṭṭha+ika] (food) put down (on cemeteries etc.) for (the spirits of) the departed Vin.IV,89.(Page 652) ,10,1
  15873. 496450,en,15,vosita,vosita,Vosita,Vosita,[vi+osita,pp.of ava+<i>sā</i>.See also <i>vusita </i>&<i> vyosita</i>] one who has attained (relative) achievement,perfected,accomplished,mastering,in phrase <i>abhiññā°</i> one who masters special knowledge S.I,167; Dh.423; It.47=61=81; A.I,165; cp.DhA.IV,233:“niṭṭhānaṁ patto vusita-vosānaṁ vā patto etc.” (Page 652) ,6,1
  15874. 496454,en,15,vossa,vossa,Vossa,Vossa,(-kamma) (nt.) making impotent (see under vassakamma) D.I,12; DA.I,97.(Page 652) ,5,1
  15875. 496460,en,15,vossagga,vossagga,Vossagga,Vossagga,[=ossagga; ava+<em>sṛj</em>] relinquishing,relaxation; handing over,donation,gift (see on term as ethical Bdhgh at K.S.I.321) D.III,190 (issariya° handing over of authority),226; S.IV,365 sq.; V,63 sq.351 (°rata fond of giving); A.II,66 (id.); III,53 (id.); Ps.I,109; II,24,117; J.VI,213 (kamma°); Nett 16; Vbh.229,350; Vism.224; VbhA.317.<i>--sati-vossagga</i> relaxation of attention,inattention,indifference DhA.I,228; III,163,482; IV,43.<i>--pariṇāmi</i>,maturity of surrender S.I,88.(Page 652) ,8,1
  15876. 496485,en,15,vossajjati,vossajjati,Vossajjati,Vossajjati,[=ossaj(j)ati] to give up,relinquish; to hand over,resign Sn.751 (ger.<i>vossajja;</i> SnA 508 reads <i>oss°</i>); J.V,124 (issariyaṁ vossajjanto; cp.D.III,190).(Page 652) ,10,1
  15877. 496499,en,15,votthapana,votthapana,Votthapana,Votthapana,( &#38; °ṭṭhapana) (nt.) [=vavatth°] establishing,synthesis,determination,a momentary stage in the unit called percept (cp.Cpd.29),always with <i>°kicca</i> (or °kiriyā) “accomplishing the function of determination” Vism.21; DhsA.401; DA.I,194 (v.l.voṭṭhabb°); Tikp 276 (°kiriyā).(Page 651) ,10,1
  15878. 496503,en,15,votthapeti,votthāpeti,Votthāpeti,Votthāpeti,[<i>=vavatthāpeti</i>] to establish,put up,arrange J.VI,583.(Page 651) ,10,1
  15879. 496509,en,15,voyoga,voyoga,Voyoga,Voyoga,[vi+uyyoga in sense of uyyutta?] effort (?),application KhA 243.Reading doubtful.(Page 652) ,6,1
  15880. 496538,en,15,vuccati,vuccati,Vuccati,Vuccati,[Pass.of <em>vac</em>] to be called D.I,168,245; Sn.436,759,848,861,946; Nd<sup>1</sup> 431; Nd<sup>2</sup> s.v.katheti; SnA 204; DhA.II,35.See also <i>vatti</i>.-- pp.<i>vutta</i>.(Page 644) ,7,1
  15881. 496549,en,15,vuddha,vuḍḍha,Vuḍḍha,Vuḍḍha, &#38; vuddha [pp.of vaḍḍhati] old (fig.venerable) ‹-› 1.<i>vuḍḍha</i> Pv.II,11<sup>4</sup>; Mhvs 13,2.-- 2.<i>vuddha</i> M.II,168; J.V,140; Sn.p.108 (+mahallaka); DA.I,283.(Page 645) ,6,1
  15882. 496558,en,15,vuddha,vuddha,Vuddha,Vuddha, &#38; Vuddhi<i>:</i> see <i>vuḍḍha </i>&<i> vuḍḍhi</i>.(Page 645) ,6,1
  15883. 496563,en,15,vuddhaka,vuḍḍhaka,Vuḍḍhaka,Vuḍḍhaka,(adj.) [vuḍḍha+ka] old; f.<i>°ikā</i> old woman Th.2,16.(Page 645) ,8,1
  15884. 496580,en,15,vuddhi,vuḍḍhi,Vuḍḍhi,Vuḍḍhi, &#38; vuddhi (f.) [a by-form of <i>vaḍḍhi</i>] increase,growth,furtherance,prosperity.-- 1.<i>vuḍḍhi</i> PvA.22.Often in phrase <i>vuḍḍhi virūḷhi vepulla</i> (all three almost tautological) Miln.51; Vism.129.-- 2.<i>vuddhi</i> M.I,117 (+virūḷhi etc.); S.II,205 sq.; III,53; V,94,97; A.III,76 (opp.parihāni),404 (+virūḷhi),434 (kusalesu dhammesu); V,123 sq.; It.108; J.V,37 (°ppatta grown up); Vism.271,439 (so read for buddhi); DhA.II,82,87; Sdhp.537.(Page 645) ,6,1
  15885. 496611,en,15,vulha,vuḷha,Vuḷha,Vuḷha, &#38; Vūḷha [pp.of vahati,Pass.vuyhati; but may be vi+ūḷha] carried away.-- 1.<i>vuḷha</i>:Vin.I,32,109.‹-› 2.<i>vūḷha</i>:A.III,69; J.I,193; DhA.II,265 (udakena).See also <i>būḷha</i>.(Page 645) ,5,1
  15886. 496618,en,15,vulha,vūḷha,Vūḷha,Vūḷha,see <i>vuḷha</i>.(Page 646) ,5,1
  15887. 496626,en,15,vunhi°,vuṇhi°,Vuṇhi°,Vuṇhi°,( &#38; Instr.<i>vuṇhinā</i>) at Pgdp 13,15,19,35 must be meant for <i>v-uṇha° (</i>&<i> v’uṇhena)</i>,i.e.heat (see <i>uṇha</i>).(Page 645) ,6,1
  15888. 496629,en,15,vupakasa,vūpakāsa,Vūpakāsa,Vūpakāsa,[formed fr.vūpakāseti] estrangement,alienation,separation,seclusion; always as twofold:<i>kāya° </i>&<i> citta°</i> (of body &#38; of mind),e.g.D.III,285 (Dial.III,260 not correctly “serenity”); S.V,67; A.IV,152.(Page 646) ,8,1
  15889. 496635,en,15,vupakaseti,vūpakāseti,Vūpakāseti,Vūpakāseti,[Caus.of vavakassati] to draw away,alienate,distract,exclude Vin.IV,326; A.V,72 sq.-- Caus.II.<i>vūpakāsāpeti</i> to cause to distract or draw away Vin.I,49; IV,326.-- pp.<i>vūpakaṭṭha</i>.(Page 646) ,10,1
  15890. 496645,en,15,vupakattha,vūpakaṭṭha,Vūpakaṭṭha,Vūpakaṭṭha,[doubtful,whether <i>vi+upakaṭṭha</i> (since the latter is only used of time),or=<i>vavakaṭṭha</i>,with which it is identical in meaning.Cp.also BSk.vyapakṛṣṭa AvS.I,233; II,194; of which it might be a re-translation] alienated,withdrawn,drawn away (from),secluded:often in phrase <i>eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī</i> etc.(see arahant II.B.),e.g.D.III,76; S.I,117; II,21,244; III,35,73 sq.; IV,72; A.IV,299.Cp.also A.IV,435 (gaṇasmā v.).(Page 646) ,10,1
  15891. 496648,en,15,vuparati,vūparati,Vūparati,Vūparati,[vi+uparati]=<i>uparati</i> cessation DhsA.403.(Page 646) ,8,1
  15892. 496655,en,15,vupasama,vūpasama,Vūpasama,Vūpasama,[fr.vi+upa+<em>śam</em>; cp.BSk.vyupaśama Divy 578] 1.allaying,relief,suppression,mastery,cessation,calmness S.III,32; IV,217; V,65 (cetaso); D.II,157 (saṅkhārā); A.I,4 (id.); II,162 (papañca°); V,72; Pug.69; J.I,392; DhsA.403.-- 2.quenching (of thirst) PvA.104.(Page 646) ,8,1
  15893. 496661,en,15,vupasamana,vūpasamana,Vūpasamana,Vūpasamana,(nt.) [fr.vi+upa+<em>śam</em><i>;</i> cp.BSk.vyupaśamana AvŚ II.114] allayment,cessation J.I,393; Miln.320; PvA.37,98.(Page 646) ,10,1
  15894. 496684,en,15,vupasammati,vūpasammati,Vūpasammati,Vūpasammati,[vi+upasammati] 1.to be assuaged or quieted S.IV,215.-- 2.to be suppressed or removed J.III,334.-- 3.to be subdued or extinguished,to go out (of light) Ap.35.-- pp.<i>vūpasanta</i>.-- Caus.<i>vūpasāmeti</i> to appease,allay,quiet,suppress,relieve S.V,50:SnA 132 (reṇuṁ); PvA.20,38 (sokaṁ),200 (Page 646) ,11,1
  15895. 496693,en,15,vupasanta,vūpasanta,Vūpasanta,Vūpasanta,[pp.of vūpasammati] appeased,allayed,calmed S.IV,217,294; A.I,4 (°citta); III,205; Sn.82; Pug.61 (°citta); PvA.113.(Page 646) ,9,1
  15896. 496701,en,15,vuppati,vuppati,Vuppati,Vuppati,is Pass.of <i>vapati</i>.(Page 645) ,7,1
  15897. 496709,en,15,vusimant,vusīmant,Vusīmant,Vusīmant,(adj.) [difficult to explain; perhaps for vasīmant (see vasīvasa) in sense of <i>vasavattin</i>]=vusitavant A.IV,340; Sn.1115 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 611=vuṭṭhavā ciṇṇa-caraṇo etc.thus “perfected,” cp.ciṇṇavasin in same meaning).(Page 646) ,8,1
  15898. 496713,en,15,vusita,vusita,Vusita,Vusita,[Kern,Toev.s.v.vasati takes it as vi+uṣita (of <i>vas<sup>2</sup></i>),against which speaks meaning of vivasati “to live from home.” Geiger,P.Gr.§ 66<sup>1</sup> &#38; 195 expl<sup>d</sup> it as uṣita with prothetic <i>v</i>,as by-form of <i>vuttha</i>.Best fitting in meaning is assumption of <i>vusita</i> being a variant of <i>vosita</i>,with change of o to u in analogy to <i>vuttha</i>; thus=<i>vi+osita</i> “fulfilled,come to an end or to perfection”; cp.pariyosita.Geiger’s expl<sup>n</sup> is supported by phrase <i>brahmaQariyaṁ vasati</i>] fulfilled,accomplished; (or:) lived,spent (=vuttha); only in phrase <i>vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ</i> (trsl<sup>n</sup> Dial.I.93; “the higher life has been fulfilled”) D.I,84 (cp.Dh.I,225= vutthaṁ parivutthaṁ); It.115 (ed.vūsita°); Sn.463,493; Pug.61.-- Also at D.I,90 neg.a°,with ref.to <i>avusitavā</i>,where Rh.D.(Dial.I.112) trsl<sup>s</sup> “ill-bred” and “rude,” hardly just.See also <i>arahant</i> II.A.(Page 646) ,6,1
  15899. 496721,en,15,vusitatta,vusitatta,Vusitatta,Vusitatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vusita] state of perfection D.I,90 (vusitavā-mānin kiṁ aññatra avusitattā=he is proud of his perfection rather from imperfection).(Page 646) ,9,1
  15900. 496726,en,15,vusitavant,vusitavant,Vusitavant,Vusitavant,(adj.) [vusita+vant] one who has reached perfection (in chaste living),Ep.of the arahant D.II,223 (trsl<sup>n</sup> “who has lived “the life” “):M.I,4; S.III,611; A.V,16; Sn.514; Nd<sup>1</sup> 611; Miln.104.On D.I,90 see vusita (end).See also <i>arahant</i> II C.(Page 646) ,10,1
  15901. 496734,en,15,vussati,vussati,Vussati,Vussati,is Pass.of <i>vasati<sup>2</sup></i> (q.v.).(Page 646) ,7,1
  15902. 496747,en,15,vutta,vutta,Vutta,Vutta,<sup>3</sup> [pp.of vapati<sup>2</sup>] shaven M.II,168 (°siro).Cp.nivutta<sup>2</sup>.(Page 645) ,5,1
  15903. 496748,en,15,vutta,vutta,Vutta,Vutta,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of vapati<sup>1</sup>] sown S.I,134 (khetta); J.I,340; III,12; VI,14; Miln.375 (khetta); PvA.7,137,139.(Page 645) ,5,1
  15904. 496749,en,15,vutta,vutta,Vutta,Vutta,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of vatti,<i>vac;</i> cp.utta] said DA.I,17 (°ṁ hoti that is to say); DhA.II,21,75,80; SnA 174.<br><br> <i>--vādin</i> one who speaks what is said (correctly),telling the truth M.I,369; S.II,33; III,6.(Page 645) ,5,1
  15905. 496754,en,15,vutta-vela,vutta-velā,Vutta-velā,Vutta-velā,at J.IV,45 (tena vutta-velāyaṁ &#38; ittarāya vutta-velāya) is by Kern,Toev.s.v.vutta<sup>2</sup> fancifully &#38; wrongly taken as *vyuṣṭa (=vi+uṣṭa,pp.of <em>vas</em> to shine),i.e.dawned; it is however simply vutta<sup>1</sup>=at the time said by him (or her).(Page 645) ,10,1
  15906. 496755,en,15,vuttaka,vuttaka,Vuttaka,Vuttaka,(nt.) [vutta<sup>1</sup>+ka.The P.conneetion seems to be <i>vac</i>,although formally it may be derived fr.<em>vṛt</em> “to happen” etc.(cp.vuttin &#38; vattin,both fr.<em>vṛt</em>, &#38; vutti).The BSk.equivalent is <i>vṛttaka</i> “tale” (lit.happening),e.g.Divy 439] what has been said,saying; only in title of a canonical book “iti-vuttakaṁ” (“logia”):see under <i>iti</i>.(Page 645) ,7,1
  15907. 496760,en,15,vuttamana,vuttamāna,Vuttamāna,Vuttamāna,at S.I,129 read as <i>vattamāna</i>.(Page 645) ,9,1
  15908. 496773,en,15,vuttari,vuttari,Vuttari,Vuttari,of Dh.370 is <i>pañca-v-uttari(ṁ)</i>,cp.DhA.IV,109.(Page 645) ,7,1
  15909. 496798,en,15,vuttha,vuṭṭha,Vuṭṭha,Vuṭṭha,[pp.of vassati<sup>1</sup>] (water) shed,rained Pv.I,5<sup>6</sup>; PvA.29.See also <i>vaṭṭa </i>&<i> vaṭṭha</i>.(Page 644) ,6,1
  15910. 496807,en,15,vuttha,vuttha,Vuttha,Vuttha,<sup>2</sup> [pp.of vasati<sup>2</sup>] having dwelt,lived or spent (time),only in connection with <i>vassa</i> (rainy season) or <i>vāsa</i> (id.:see vāsa<sup>2</sup>).See e.g.DhA.I,7; PvA.32,43; J.I,183 (°vāsa).With ref.to <i>vassa</i> “year” at J.IV,317.-- At DhA.I,327 <i>vuttha</i> stands most likely for <i>vuddha</i> (arisen,grown),as also in abstr.<i>vutthattaṁ</i> at DhA.I,330.-- See also <i>parivuttha</i>,<i> pavuttha </i>&<i> vusita</i>.(Page 645) ,6,1
  15911. 496808,en,15,vuttha,vuttha,Vuttha,Vuttha,<sup>1</sup> [pp.of vasati<sup>1</sup>] clothed:not found.More usual <i>nivattha</i>.(Page 645) ,6,1
  15912. 496822,en,15,vutthahati,vuṭṭhahati,Vuṭṭhahati,Vuṭṭhahati, &#38; vuṭṭhāti [the sandhi form of uṭṭhahati (q.v.),with euphonic v,which however appears in BSk.as vyut° (i.e.vi+ud°); <i>vyuttisṭhate</i> “to come back from sea” Divy 35,and freq.in AvŚ,e.g.I.242] 1.to rise,arise; to be produced Vin.II,278 (gabbha).-- 2.to rise out of (Abl.),to emerge from,to come back S.IV,294; Vism.661 (vuṭṭhāti).-- pp.<i>vuṭṭhita</i>.-- Caus.<i>vuṭṭhāpeti</i> (1) to ordain,rehabilitate Vin.IV,226,317 sq.(=upasampādeti).(2) to rouse out of (Abl.),to turn away from A.III,115.(Page 644) ,10,1
  15913. 496831,en,15,vutthaka,vutthaka,Vutthaka,Vutthaka,(adj.) (-°) [vuttha<sup>2</sup>+ka] dwelt,lived,only in <i>pubba°</i> where he had lived before Mhvs 1,53 (so for <i>°vuttaka</i>).(Page 645) ,8,1
  15914. 496836,en,15,vutthana,vuṭṭhāna,Vuṭṭhāna,Vuṭṭhāna,(nt.) [the sandhi form of uṭṭhāna] 1.rise,origin J.I,114 (gabbha°).-- 2.ordination,rehabilitation (in the Order) Vin.IV,320; Miln.344.-- 3.(cp.uṭṭhāna 3) rousing,rising out,emerging,emergence; appl<sup>d</sup> as a religious term to revival from <i>jhāna-</i>abstraction (cp.Cpd.67,215 n.4; Dhs.trl<sup>n</sup>,§ 1332) M.I,302; S.III,270; IV,294; A.III,311,418,427 sq.; Vism.661 (in detail),681 sq.(id.); Dhs.1332; Nett 100; Tikp 272,346.<i>--°gāminī (--vipassanā-ñāṇa)</i> “insight of discernment leading to uprising” (Cpd.67) Vism.661,681 sq.(Page 644) ,8,1
  15915. 496846,en,15,vutthanata,vuṭṭhānatā,Vuṭṭhānatā,Vuṭṭhānatā,(f.) [fr.vuṭṭhāna] rehabilitation; in <i>āpatti°</i> forgiveness of an offence Vin.II,250.(Page 645) ,10,1
  15916. 496848,en,15,vutthanima,vuṭṭhānima,Vuṭṭhānima,Vuṭṭhānima,[?] is an expression for a certain punishment (pain) in purgatory M.I,337 (vuṭṭhānimaṁ nāma vedanaṁ vediyamāna).(Page 645) ,10,1
  15917. 496873,en,15,vutthavant,vuṭṭhavant,Vuṭṭhavant,Vuṭṭhavant,=vusitavant,Nd<sup>2</sup> 179,284,611.(Page 644) ,10,1
  15918. 496882,en,15,vutthi,vuṭṭhi,Vuṭṭhi,Vuṭṭhi,(f.) [fr.<em>vṛṣ</em>,see vassati<sup>1</sup> &#38; cp.Vedic vṛṣṭi] rain S.I,172=Sn.77 (fig.=saddhā bījaṁ tapo vuṭṭhi); A.III,370,378 (vāta°); It.83; Dh.14; J.VI,587 (°dhārā); Ap 38 (fig.),52 (amata°); Miln.416; Vism.37,234 (salila°); Mhvs 1,24; SnA 34,224; PvA.139 (°dhārā shower of rain).--<i>dubbuṭṭhi</i> lack of rain,drought (opp.<i>suvuṭṭhi</i>) J.II,367=VI,487; Vism.512.(Page 645) ,6,1
  15919. 496889,en,15,vutthika,vuṭṭhikā,Vuṭṭhikā,Vuṭṭhikā,(f.)=<i>vuṭṭhi</i>; only in cpd.<i>dubbuṭṭhikā</i> time of drought,lack of rain D.I,11; DA.I,95; It.64 sq.(as <i>avuṭṭhika-</i>sama resembling a drought); DhA.I,52.(Page 645) ,8,1
  15920. 496892,en,15,vutthimant,vuṭṭhimant,Vuṭṭhimant,Vuṭṭhimant,(adj.) [fr.vuṭṭhi,cp.Vedic vṛṣṭimant in same meaning] containing rain,full of rain; the rainy sky Th.2,487 (=deva,i.e.rain-god or sky ThA.287).Kern,Toev.s.v.wrongly=*vyuṣṭi°,i.e.fr.vi+<i>uṣ (vas)</i> to shine,“luisterrijk,” i.e.lustrous,resplendent.(Page 645) ,10,1
  15921. 496898,en,15,vutthita,vuṭṭhita,Vuṭṭhita,Vuṭṭhita,[pp.of vuṭṭhahati; cp.uṭṭhita] risen (out of),aroused,having come back from (Abl.) D.II,9 (paṭisallāṇā); Sn.p.59; S.IV,294.(Page 645) ,8,1
  15922. 496908,en,15,vutti,vutti,Vutti,Vutti,(f.) [fr.<em>vṛt</em>,cp.vattati; Sk.vṛtti] mode of being or acting,conduct,practice,usage,livelihood,habit S.I,100 (ariya°; cp.ariya-vāsa); Sn.81=Miln.228 (=jīvitavutti SnA 152); Sn.68,220,326,676; J.VI,224 (=jīvita-vutti C.); Pv.II,9<sup>14</sup> (=jīvita PvA.120); IV,1<sup>21</sup> (=jīvikā PvA.229); Miln.224,253; VvA.23.(Page 645) ,5,1
  15923. 496918,en,15,vuttika,vuttika,Vuttika,Vuttika,(adj.) (-°) [vutti+ka] living,behaving,acting A.III,383 (kaṇḍaka°); PvA.120 (dukkha°); <i>sabhāga°</i> living in mutual courtesy or properly,always comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>sappatissa</i>,e.g.Vin.I,187; II,162; A.III,14 sq.(Page 645) ,7,1
  15924. 496922,en,15,vuttin,vuttin,Vuttin,Vuttin,(adj.) [cp.Sk.vṛttin]=vuttika; in <i>sabhāga°</i> Vin.I,45; J.I,219.Cp.<i>vattin</i>.(Page 645) ,6,1
  15925. 496925,en,15,vuttita,vuttitā,Vuttitā,Vuttitā,(f.) (-°) [abstr.formation fr.vutti] condition Vism.310 (āyatta°).(Page 645) ,7,1
  15926. 496931,en,15,vuvahyamana,vuvahyamāna,Vuvahyamāna,Vuvahyamāna,at A.IV,170 read with C.at <i>opuniyamāna</i> “sifting” (fr.<i>opunāti</i>):see remark at A.IV,476.(Page 646) ,11,1
  15927. 496934,en,15,vuyhamanaka,vuyhamānaka,Vuyhamānaka,Vuyhamānaka,(adj.) [vuyhemāna with disparaging suffix °ka] one who is getting drowned,“drownedling” J.III,507.(Page 645) ,11,1
  15928. 496943,en,15,vuyhati,vuyhati,Vuyhati,Vuyhati,to be carried away:Pass.of <i>vahati</i>,q.v.and add refs.:Miln.69; Vism.603 (vuyhare).-- ppr.<i>vuyhamāna</i>:-- 1.being drawn M.I,225 (of a calf following its mother’s voice).-- 2.being carried away (by the current of a river),in danger of drowning Sn.319.‹-› pp.<i>vuḷha </i>&<i> vūḷha</i>.(Page 645) ,7,1
  15929. 496949,en,15,vy°,vy°,Vy°,Vy°,is the semi-vowel (i.e.half-consonantic) form of <i>vi°</i> before following <i>a </i>&<i> ā</i> (vya°,vyā),very rarely <i>ū </i>&<i> o</i>.The prefix vi° is very unstable,and a variety of forms are also attached to vy°,which,after the manner of all consonant-comb<sup>ns</sup> in Pāḷi,may apart from its regular form <i>vy°</i> appear either as contracted to <i>vv°</i> (written <i>v°</i>),like vagga (for vyagga),vaya (for vyaya),vosita (=vyosita),*vvūha (=vyūha,appearing as °bhūha),or diaeretic as <i>viy°</i> (in poetry) or <i>veyy°</i> (popular),e.g.viyañjana,viyārambha,viyāyata; or veyvañjanika,veyyākaraṇa,veyyāyika.It further appears as <i>by°</i> (like byaggha,byañjana,byappatha,byamha,byāpanna,byābādha etc.).In a few cases <i>vya°</i> represents (a diaeretic) <i>vi°</i>,as in vyamhita &#38; vyasanna; and <i>vyā°</i>=vi° in vyārosa.(Page 652) ,3,1
  15930. 496955,en,15,vyabadha,vyābādha,Vyābādha,Vyābādha,( &#38; byābādha) [fr.vi+ā+<em>bādh</em>,but semantically connected with vi+ā+<em>pad</em>,as in <i>vyāpāda </i>&<i> vyāpajjha</i>] oppression,injury,harm,hurting; usually in phrase <i>atta° </i>&<i> para°</i> (disturbing the peace of others &#38; of oneself) M.I,89; S.IV,339; A.I,114,157,216; II,179.-- Also at S.IV,159 (pāṇinaṁ vyābādhāya,with v.l.vadhāya).See also <i>byābādha</i>.The corresponding adjectives are <i>(a)vyāpajjha </i>&<i> veyyābādhika</i> (q.v.).(Page 654) ,8,1
  15931. 496962,en,15,vyabadheti,vyābādheti,Vyābādheti,Vyābādheti,( &#38; bya°) [Caus.of vi+ā+<em>badh</em> or distortion fr.<i>vyāpadeti</i>,with which identical in meaning] to do harm,hurt,injure Vin.II,77/78; S.IV,351 sq.; DA.I,167.The BSk.is <i>vyābādhayate</i> (e.g.Divy 105).(Page 654) ,10,1
  15932. 496968,en,15,vyabaheti,vyābāheti,Vyābāheti,Vyābāheti,[vi+ā+<em>bah</em><i>:</i> see bahati<sup>3</sup>] lit.“to make an outsider,” to keep or to be kept out or away Vin.II,140 (°bāhiṁsu in Pass.sense; so that they may not be kept away).Oldenberg (on p.320) suggests reading <i>vyābādhiṁsu</i>,which may be better,viz.“may not be offended” (?).The form is difficult to explain.(Page 654) ,9,1
  15933. 496975,en,15,vyabhangi,vyābhaṅgī,Vyābhaṅgī,Vyābhaṅgī,(f.) [see byā°] 1.a carrying pole (or flail?) Th.1,623; comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>asita</i> (see asita<sup>4</sup> in corr.to pt.2) “sickle &#38; pole” M.II,180; A.III,5.-- 2.a flail S.IV,201.(Page 654) ,9,1
  15934. 496983,en,15,vyadha,vyādha,Vyādha,Vyādha,[fr.<em>vyadh</em><i>:</i> see vedha &#38; vijjhati] a huntsman,deer-hunter Mhvs 10,89 (read either <i>vyādha-deva</i> god of the h.; or <i>vyādhi°</i> demon of maladies); 10,95.(Page 654) ,6,1
  15935. 496986,en,15,vyadhati,vyadhati,Vyadhati,Vyadhati,[in poetry for the usual <i>vedhati</i> of <i>vyath</i>,cp.Goth.wipōn] to tremble,shake,waver; to be frightened Vin.II,202 (so for <i>vyādhati</i>); J.III,398 (vyadhase; C.vyadhasi=kampasi).-- Caus.<i>vyadheti (</i>&<i> vyādheti)</i> to frighten,confuse J.IV,166 (=vyādheti bādheti C.).-- Fut.<i>vyādhayissati</i> S.I,120=Th.1,46 (by°).Under <i>byādheti</i> we had given a different derivation (viz.Caus.fr.<i>vyādhi</i>).(Page 653) ,8,1
  15936. 496987,en,15,vyadhati,vyādhati,Vyādhati,Vyādhati,see <i>vyadhati</i>.-- pp.<i>vyādhita</i>.(Page 654) ,8,1
  15937. 496994,en,15,vyadhi,vyādhi,Vyādhi,Vyādhi,<sup>2</sup> (camel) see <i>oṭṭhi°</i>.(Page 654) ,6,1
  15938. 496995,en,15,vyadhi,vyādhi,Vyādhi,Vyādhi,<sup>1</sup> [see byādhi] sickness,malady,illness,disease A.I,139 (as devadūta),146,155 sq.; III,66; Ps.I,59 sq.; II,147; J.VI,224; Vism.236.Often in sequence <i>jāti jarā vyādhi maraṇa</i>,e.g.A.II,172; III,74 sq.; Vism.232.(Page 654) ,6,1
  15939. 497000,en,15,vyadhita,vyādhita,Vyādhita,Vyādhita,[pp.of vyādheti] 1.affected with an illness,ill J.V,497; Miln.168.See <i>byādhita</i>.-- 2.shaken,f.<i>°ā</i> as abstr,shakiness,trembling VbhA.479.(Page 654) ,8,1
  15940. 497002,en,15,vyadhiyaka,vyādhiyaka,Vyādhiyaka,Vyādhiyaka,(nt.) [fr.vyādheti] shaking up Vbh.352; VbhA.479 (uppannavyādhitā; i.e.kāya-pphandana).(Page 654) ,10,1
  15941. 497007,en,15,vyadinna,vyādinna,Vyādinna,Vyādinna,[for vyādiṇṇa,vi+ādiṇṇa?] at A.III,64 (soto vikkhitto visato+) is doubtful in reading &#38; meaning (“split”?).It must mean something like “interrupted,diverted.” The vv.ll.are <i>vicchinna </i>&<i> jiṇṇa</i>.(Page 653) ,8,1
  15942. 497008,en,15,vyagga,vyagga,Vyagga,Vyagga,(adj.) [vi+agga,of which the contracted form is <i>vagga<sup>2</sup></i>] distracted,confused,bewildered; neg.<i>a°</i> S.I,96 (°mānasa); V,66,107.(Page 652) ,6,1
  15943. 497013,en,15,vyaggha,vyaggha,Vyaggha,Vyaggha,[cp.Vedic vyāghra] a tiger D.III,25; A.III,101; Sn.416 (°usabha); Ap 68 (°rājā); J.I,357; III,192 (Subāhu); V,14 (giri-sānuja).-- f.<i>viyagghinī</i> (biy°) Miln.67.See also <i>byaggha</i>.(Page 652) ,7,1
  15944. 497018,en,15,vyagghinasa,vyagghīnasa,Vyagghīnasa,Vyagghīnasa,[?] a hawk S.I,148 (as °nisa); J.VI,538.Another word for “hawk” is <i>sakuṇagghi</i>.(Page 652) ,11,1
  15945. 497027,en,15,vyaharati,vyāharati,Vyāharati,Vyāharati,[vi+āharati] to utter,talk,speak Vin.II,214; J.II,177; IV,225 (puṭṭho vyāhāsi,perhaps with v.l.as <i>vyākāsi</i>).See also <i>avyāharati</i>.-- Cp.<i>paṭi°</i>.(Page 655) ,9,1
  15946. 497033,en,15,vyakara,vyākāra,Vyākāra,Vyākāra,see <i>viy°</i>.(Page 653) ,7,1
  15947. 497038,en,15,vyakarana,vyākaraṇa,Vyākaraṇa,Vyākaraṇa,(nt.) [fr.vyākaroti; see also veyyākaraṇa] 1.answer (pañha°),explanation,exposition A.I,197; II,46; III,119; SnA 63,99; KhA 75,76.-- 2.grammar (as one of the 6 aṅgas) SnA 447; PvA.97.-- 3.prediction J.I,34,44; DhA.IV,120.(Page 653) ,9,1
  15948. 497052,en,15,vyakaroti,vyākaroti,Vyākaroti,Vyākaroti,[vi+ā+<em>kṛ</em>] 1.to explain,answer (in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>puṭṭha</i>,asked) D.I,25,58,175,200; Sn.510,513 sq.1102,1116; Miln.318 (byākareyya); VvA.71.Fut.<i>°karissati</i> D.I,236; Sn.993; PvA.281.For vyākarissati we have <i>vyakkhissati</i> (of viyācikkhati) at Sn.600.-- aor.sg.<i>vyākāsi</i> Sn.541,1116,1127; PvA.212; pl.<i>vyākaṁsu</i> Sn.1084; Pv.II,13<sup>5</sup>.-- grd.<i>vyākātabba</i> D.I,94,118.‹-› 2.to prophesy,predict [cp.BSk.vyākaroti in same sense Divy 65,131] J.I,140; Pv III,5<sup>5</sup> (aor.°ākari); Mhvs 6,2 (aor.°ākaruṁ); DhA.IV,120 (°ākāsi); PvA.196,199 (°ākāsi).-- pp.<i>vyākata</i>.(Page 653) ,9,1
  15949. 497060,en,15,vyakata,vyākata,Vyākata,Vyākata,[pp.of vyākaroti] 1.answered,explained,declared,decided M.I,431 (by°); A.I,119; S.II,51,223; IV,59,194; V,177; Sn.1023.-- <i>avyākata</i> unexplained,undecided,not declared,indeterminate M.I,431 (by°); D.I,187,189; S.II,222; IV,375 sq.384 sq.391 sq.; Ps.II,108 sq.; Dhs.431,576.-- 2.predicted J.I,26.‹-› 3.settled,determined J.III,529 (asinā v.brought to a decision by the sword).(Page 653) ,7,1
  15950. 497062,en,15,vyakatatta,vyākatatta,Vyākatatta,Vyākatatta,(nt.) [abstr.fr.vyākata] explanation,definiteness PvA.27.(Page 653) ,10,1
  15951. 497064,en,15,vyakattar,vyākattar,Vyākattar,Vyākattar,[n.ag.of vyākaroti; cp.BSk.vyākartṛ Divy 620] expounder A.III,81.(Page 653) ,9,1
  15952. 497069,en,15,vyakhyata,vyākhyāta,Vyākhyāta,Vyākhyāta,[pp.of v(i)yācikkhati] told,announced,set forth,enumerated Sn.1,000.(Page 653) ,9,1
  15953. 497075,en,15,vyakkhissam,vyakkhissaṁ,Vyakkhissaṁ,Vyakkhissaṁ,at Sn.600 is fut.of <i>vyācikkhati</i> (see <i>viyā°</i>).(Page 652) ,11,1
  15954. 497081,en,15,vyakula,vyākula,Vyākula,Vyākula,(adj.) [vi+ākula] perplexed J.I,301; PvA.160; VvA.30; Sdhp.403.(Page 653) ,7,1
  15955. 497084,en,15,vyalika,vyālika,Vyālika,Vyālika,(nt.) [for vy+alika] fault ThA.266.(Page 654) ,7,1
  15956. 497090,en,15,vyama,vyāma,Vyāma,Vyāma,see <i>byāma</i> &#38; add ref.D.II,18≈Vism.136 (catu°pamāṇa). Vyāyata [vi+āyata] stretched; only neg.a° senseless,confused (should it be vyāyatta?) J.I,496 (=avyatta C.).See also viyāyata.(Page 654) ,5,1
  15957. 497096,en,15,vyamha,vyamha,Vyamha,Vyamha,(nt.) [etym.?] palace; a celestial mansion,a vimāna,abode for fairies etc.J.V,454; VI,119,251 (=pura &#38; rāja-nivesa C.); Vv 35<sup>1</sup> (=bhavana VvA.160).Cp.<i>byamha</i>.(Page 653) ,6,1
  15958. 497101,en,15,vyamhita,vyamhita,Vyamhita,Vyamhita,(adj.) [metric for <i>vimhita</i>] astounded,shocked,awed; dismayed,frightened J.V,69 (=bhīta C.); VI,243,314.(Page 653) ,8,1
  15959. 497108,en,15,vyanjana,vyañjana,Vyañjana,Vyañjana,(nt.) [fr.vi+<em>añj</em>,cp.añjati<sup>2</sup> &#38; abbhañjati] 1.(accompanying) attribute,distinctive mark,sign,characteristic (cp.anu°) Sn.549,1017; Th.1,819 (metric:viyañjana); J.V,86 (<i>viyañjanena</i> under the pretext); Dhs.1306.<i>gihi°</i> characteristic of a layman Sn.44 (cp.SnA 91); Miln.11; <i>purisa°</i> membrum virile Vin.II,269.-- 2.letter (of a word) as opposed to <i>attha</i> (meaning,sense,spirit),e,g.D.III,127; S.IV,281,296; V,430; A.II,139 (Cp.<i>savyañjana</i>); or <i>pada</i> (word),e.g.M.I,213; A.I,59; II,147,168,182; III,178 sq.; Vin.II,316; Nett 4; SnA 177.--<i>vyañjanato</i> according to the letter Miln.18 (opp.atthato).-- 3.condiment,curry Vin.II,214; A.III,49 (odano anekasūpo aneka-vyañjano); Pv.II,1<sup>15</sup> (bhatta° rice with curry); PvA.50.-- Cp.<i>byañjana</i>.(Page 652) ,8,1
  15960. 497110,en,15,vyanjanaka,vyañjanaka,Vyañjanaka,Vyañjanaka,(adj.) [fr.vyañjana] see <i>ubhato° </i>&<i> veyyañjanika</i>.(Page 652) ,10,1
  15961. 497116,en,15,vyanjayati,vyañjayati,Vyañjayati,Vyañjayati,[vi+añjati,or añjeti] to characterise,denote,express,indicate SnA 91; Nett 209 (Cy.).(Page 653) ,10,1
  15962. 497121,en,15,vyanta,vyanta,Vyanta,Vyanta,(adj.nt.) [vi+anta] removed,remote; nt.end,finish; only as <i>vyanti°</i> in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>kṛ</i> and <i>bhū</i>.The spelling is often <i>byanti°</i>.-- (1) <i>vyantikaroti</i> to abolish,remove,get rid of,destroy M.I,115 (byant’eva ekāsiṁ),453 (by°); D.I,71 (°kareyya); S.IV,76,190; A.IV,195; DA.I,125,212.-- Fut.<i>vyantikāhiti</i> Miln.391 (by°); DhA.IV,69.-- pp.<i>vyantikata</i> Th.1,526.-- (2) <i>vyantibhavati</i> to cease,stop; to come to an end,to be destroyed Kvu 597 (by°); or °hoti A.I,141; III,74; Ps.I,171 (by°); Miln.67 (by°),<i>vyantibhāva</i> destruction,annihilation M.I,93; A.V,292,297 sq.; Pv IV.1<sup>73</sup>; Kvu 544 (by°).<i>vyantibhuta</i> come to an end J.V,4.(Page 653) ,6,1
  15963. 497147,en,15,vyapada,vyāpāda,Vyāpāda,Vyāpāda,[fr.vyāpajjati.See also byāpāda] making bad,doing harm:desire to injure,malevolence,ill-will D.I,71,246; III,70 sq.226,234; S.I,99; II,151; IV,343; A.I,194,280; II,14,210; III,92,231,245; IV,437; Vbh.86,363 sq.391; Pug.17 sq.; Dhs.1137; Vism.7; DA.I,211; VbhA.74,118,369.°anusaya M.I,433.°dosa M.III,3.°dhātu M.III,62.°nīvaraṇa M.II,203.See under each affix.-- Cp.<i>avyāpāda</i>.(Page 654) ,7,1
  15964. 497153,en,15,vyapadeti,vyāpādeti,Vyāpādeti,Vyāpādeti,[Caus.of vyāpajjati] to spoil Miln.92.(Page 654) ,9,1
  15965. 497160,en,15,vyapagacchati,vyapagacchati,Vyapagacchati,Vyapagacchati,[vi+apagacchati] to depart,to be dispelled J.II,407 (ger.<i>°gamma</i>).-- pp.<i>°gata</i>.(Page 653) ,13,1
  15966. 497164,en,15,vyapagata,vyapagata,Vyapagata,Vyapagata,[pp.of vyapagacchati] departed J.I,17; Miln.133,225.(Page 653) ,9,1
  15967. 497165,en,15,vyapahannati,vyapahaññati,Vyapahaññati,Vyapahaññati,[vi+apa+haññati] to be removed or destroyed J.VI,565.(Page 653) ,12,1
  15968. 497171,en,15,vyapajjana,vyāpajjanā,Vyāpajjanā,Vyāpajjanā,(f.) [fr.vyāpajjati] injuring,doing harm,illwill Pug.18; Dhs.418 (“getting upset” trsl<sup>n</sup>).(Page 654) ,10,1
  15969. 497176,en,15,vyapajjati,vyāpajjati,Vyāpajjati,Vyāpajjati,[vi+āpajjati] (Instr.) to go wrong,to fail,disagree; to be troubled; also (trs.) to do harm,to injure S.III,119; IV,184=Nd<sup>2</sup> 40 (by°); A.III,101 (bhattaṁ me vyāpajjeyya disagrees with me,makes me ill); Sn.1065 (ākāso avyāpajjamāno not troubled,not getting upset); Nd<sup>2</sup> 74 (by°).-- pp.<i>vyāpanna</i>.-- Caus.<i>vyāpādeti</i>.(Page 654) ,10,1
  15970. 497180,en,15,vyapajjha,vyāpajjha,Vyāpajjha,Vyāpajjha,(adj.-nt.) [perhaps grd.of vyāpajjati; but see also <i>avyāpajjha</i>] to be troubled or troubling,doing harm,injuring; only neg.<i>avyāpajjha (</i>&<i> abyābajjha)</i> (adj.) not hurting,peaceful,friendly; (nt.) kindness of heart Vin.I,183; M.I,90 (abyābajjhaṁ vedanaṁ vedeti),526; D.I,167,247,251; S.IV,296,371; A.I,98; II,231 sq.; III,285,329 sq.376 sq.Cp.<i>byāpajjha </i>&<i> vyābādha</i> etc.(Page 654) ,9,1
  15971. 497185,en,15,vyapaka,vyāpaka,Vyāpaka,Vyāpaka,(adj.) [fr.vyāpeti] filling or summing up,combining,completing PvA.71 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of “ye keci”:anavasesa° niddesa).(Page 654) ,7,1
  15972. 497193,en,15,vyapanna,vyāpanna,Vyāpanna,Vyāpanna,(adj.) [pp.of vyāpajjati] spoilt,disagreeing,gone wrong; corrupt; only with <i>citta</i>,i.e.a corrupted heart,or a malevolent intention; adj.malevolent D.I,139; III,82; A.I,262,299; opp.<i>avyāpanna</i> (q.v.).See also <i>byāpanna </i>&<i> viyāpanna</i>.(Page 654) ,8,1
  15973. 497196,en,15,vyapanudati,vyapanudati,Vyapanudati,Vyapanudati,[vi+apanudati] to drive away,expel; ger <i>°nujja</i> Sn.66.aor.<i>vyapānudi</i> Th.2,318.(Page 653) ,11,1
  15974. 497201,en,15,vyapara,vyāpāra,Vyāpāra,Vyāpāra,[vi+ā+<em>pṛ</em>] occupation,business,service,work J.I,341; V,60; Vism.595.Cp.veyyāvacca,vyappatha (by°),<i>vyāvaṭa</i>.(Page 654) ,7,1
  15975. 497209,en,15,vyaparitar,vyāpāritar,Vyāpāritar,Vyāpāritar,one occupied with M.III,126.(Page 654) ,10,1
  15976. 497213,en,15,vyapatti,vyāpatti,Vyāpatti,Vyāpatti,(f.) [fr.vyāpajjati] injury,harm; doing harm,malevolence A.V,292 sq.; Pug.18; J.IV,137; Dhs.418 (“disordered temper” trsl<sup>n</sup>) (Page 654) ,8,1
  15977. 497220,en,15,vyapeti,vyāpeti,Vyāpeti,Vyāpeti,[vi+Caus.of <em>āp</em>] to make full,pervade,fill,comprise DhsA.307; VvA.17; ThA.287; PvA.52 (=pharati),71 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of “ye keci”).(Page 654) ,7,1
  15978. 497226,en,15,vyapin,vyāpin,Vyāpin,Vyāpin,(adj.) [fr.vi+<em>āp</em>] pervading,diffused DhsA.311.(Page 654) ,6,1
  15979. 497232,en,15,vyappana,vyappanā,Vyappanā,Vyappanā,(f.) [vi+appanā] application (of mind),focussing (of attention) Dhs.7.(Page 653) ,8,1
  15980. 497235,en,15,vyappatha,vyappatha,Vyappatha,Vyappatha,(nt.) [perhaps a distortion of *vyāpṛta,for which the usual P.(der.) <i>veyyāvacca</i> (q.v.) in meaning “duty”] 1.duty,occupation,activity Sn.158 (khīṇa° of the Arahant:having no more duties,cp.vyappathi).-- 2.way of speaking,speech,utterance Sn.163,164 (contrasted to citta &#38; kamma; cp.kāya,vācā,mano in same use),expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 206 by <i>vacīkamma;</i> &#38; in def<sup>n</sup> of “speech” at Vin.IV,2 (see under <i>byappatha</i>); DhsA.324 (expl<sup>d</sup> as vākya-bheda).(Page 653) ,9,1
  15981. 497238,en,15,vyappathi,vyappathi,Vyappathi,Vyappathi,(f.) [cp.Sk.vyāpṛti] activity,occupation,duty (?) Sn.961.See remarks on <i>byappatha</i>.(Page 653) ,9,1
  15982. 497239,en,15,vyarambha,vyārambha,Vyārambha,Vyārambha,see viy°.(Page 654) ,9,1
  15983. 497241,en,15,vyarosa,vyārosa,Vyārosa,Vyārosa,[vi+ā+rosa,cp.virosanā] anger M.III,78; S.III,73.(Page 654) ,7,1
  15984. 497244,en,15,vyaruddha,vyāruddha,Vyāruddha,Vyāruddha,(adj.) [pp.of vi+ā+<em>rundh</em>] opposed,hostile Th.2,344; Sn.936.See byāruddha.(Page 654) ,9,1
  15985. 497245,en,15,vyasa,vyāsa,Vyāsa,Vyāsa,[fr.vi+<em>ās</em> to sit] separation,division; always contrasted with samāsa,e.g.Vism.82 (vyāsato separately,distributively; opp.samāsato); KhA 187.(Page 654) ,5,1
  15986. 497250,en,15,vyasana,vyasana,Vyasana,Vyasana,(nt.) [fr.vy+<em>as</em>] misfortune,misery,ruin,destruction,loss D.I,248; S.III,137 (anaya°); IV,159; A.I,33; V,156 sq.317 (several); Sn.694 (°gata ruined); Pv.I,6<sup>4</sup> (=dukkha PvA.33); III,5<sup>6</sup> (=anattha PvA.199); Vbh.99 sq.137; VbhA.102 (several); PvA.4,103,112; Sdhp.499.-- The 5 vyasanas are:ñāti°,bhoga°,roga°,sīla°,diṭṭhi° or misfortune concerning one’s relations,wealth,health,character,views.Thus at D.III,235; A.III,147; Vin.IV,277.(Page 653) ,7,1
  15987. 497256,en,15,vyasanin,vyasanin,Vyasanin,Vyasanin,(adj.) [fr.vyasana] having misfortune,unlucky,faring ill J.V,259.(Page 653) ,8,1
  15988. 497258,en,15,vyasanna,vyasanna,Vyasanna,Vyasanna,[metric (diaeretic) for visanna] sunk into (Loc.),immersed J.IV,399; V,16 (here doubtful; not,as C.vyasanāpanna; gloss <i>visanna</i>; vv.ll.in C.:vyaccanna,viphanna,visatta).(Page 653) ,8,1
  15989. 497264,en,15,vyasatta,vyāsatta,Vyāsatta,Vyāsatta,see byāsatta.(Page 654) ,8,1
  15990. 497270,en,15,vyaseka,vyāseka,Vyāseka,Vyāseka,[fr.vi+ā+<em>sic</em>] mixed; only neg.<i>a°</i> unmixed,untarnished,undefiled D.I,70; DA.I,183; Pug.59; Th.1,926.(Page 655) ,7,1
  15991. 497272,en,15,vyasincati,vyāsiñcati,Vyāsiñcati,Vyāsiñcati,[vi+āsiñcati] to defile,corrupt,tarnish S.IV,78 (cittaṁ).-- pp.vyāsitta ibid.(Page 654) ,10,1
  15992. 497275,en,15,vyathana,vyathana,Vyathana,Vyathana,(nt.) [fr.<em>vyath</em>] shaking,wavering Dhtp 465 (as def<sup>n</sup> of <i>tud</i>).(Page 653) ,8,1
  15993. 497282,en,15,vyatireka,vyatireka,Vyatireka,Vyatireka,[vi+atireka] what is left over,addition,surplus PvA.18 (of “ca”),228 (°to).(Page 653) ,9,1
  15994. 497287,en,15,vyatta,vyatta,Vyatta,Vyatta,(adj.) [cp.viyatta,veyyatta &#38; byatta] 1.experienced,accomplished,learned,wise,prudent,clever S.IV,174 (paṇḍita+),375; A.III,117,258; J.VI,368; VvA.131 (paṇḍita+); PvA.39 (id.).--<i>a°</i> unskilled,foolish (+bāla) S.IV,380; A.III,258; J.I,98.-- 2.evident,manifest PvA.266 (°pākaṭa-bhāva).(Page 653) ,6,1
  15995. 497292,en,15,vyattata,vyattatā,Vyattatā,Vyattatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.vyatta] experience,learning,cleverness Miln.349 (as <i>by°</i>); DhA.II,38 (<i>avyattatā</i> foolishness:so correct under avyattatā P.D.I.86).(Page 653) ,8,1
  15996. 497293,en,15,vyattaya,vyattaya,Vyattaya,Vyattaya,[vi+ati+aya] opposition,reversal; in <i>purisa°</i> change of person (gram.) SnA 545; <i>vacana°</i> reversal of number (i.e.sg. &#38; pl.) DA.I,141; SnA 509.(Page 653) ,8,1
  15997. 497298,en,15,vyavasana,vyavasāna,Vyavasāna,Vyavasāna,(nt.) [somewhat doubtful.It has to be compared with <i>vavassagga</i>,although it should be derived fr.<i>sā</i> (cp.pp.vyavasita; or <i>śri</i>?),thus mixture of <em>sṛj </em>&<i> </i><em>sā</em>.Cp.a similar difficulty of <i>sā</i> under <i>osāpeti</i>] decision,resolution; only used to explain part.handa (exhortation) at SnA 200,491 (v.l.vyavasāya:cp.vavasāya at DA.I,237),for which otherwise <i>vavassagga</i>.(Page 653) ,9,1
  15998. 497299,en,15,vyavasita,vyavasita,Vyavasita,Vyavasita,(adj.) [pp.of vi+ava+<em>sā</em> (or <em>śri</em>?),cp.vyavasāna] decided,resolute SnA 200.(Page 653) ,9,1
  15999. 497304,en,15,vyavata,vyāvaṭa,Vyāvaṭa,Vyāvaṭa,(adj.) [=Sk.vyāpṛta,cp.vyāpāra,byappatha. &#38; veyyāvacca] doing service,active,busy; eager,keen,intent on (Loc.),busy with A.IV,195 (mayi=worrying about me); J.III,315 (su°); IV,371 (kiccâkiccesu v.= uyyatta C.); V,395 (=ussukka); VI,229 (=kāya-veyyāvacca-dān’ādi-kamma-karaṇena vyāvaṭa C.).--dassana° keen on a sight,eager to see J.I,89; VvA.213 (preferred to T.reading!).--dāna° serving in connection with a gift,busy with giving,a “commissioner of gifts,” i.e.a superintendent installed by a higher (rich) person (as a king or seṭṭhi) to look after the distribution of all kinds of gifts in connection with a mahādāna.Rh.Davids at Dial.II.372 (following Childers) has quite misunderstood the term in referring it to a vyāvaṭa in meaning of “hindered,” and by translating it as “hindered at the largesse” or “objecting to the largesse.” At none of the passages quoted by him has it that meaning.See e.g.D.II,354; J.III,129; Pv.II,9<sup>50</sup> (dāne v.=ussukkaṁ āpanna PvA.135); PvA.112 (dāne),124 (id.); DA.I,296 (? not found).avyāvaṭa not busy,not bothering about (Loc.),unconcerned with,not worrying D.II,141 (Tathāgatassa sarīre; trsl<sup>n</sup> not to the point “hinder not yourselves”); Vin.III,136.See also separately.-- Note.vyāvaṭa ( &#38; a°) only occur in the meaning given above,and not in the sense of “covered,obstructed” [wrongly fr.<em>vṛ</em>] as given by Childers.Correct the trsl<sup>n</sup> given under byāvaṭa accordingly! (Page 654) ,7,1
  16000. 497308,en,15,vyavayati,vyavayāti,Vyavayāti,Vyavayāti,[vi+ava(=apa)+<i>i</i>,cp.<i>apeti </i>&<i> veti</i>] to go away,disappear J.V,82.(Page 653) ,9,1
  16001. 497310,en,15,vyaviddha,vyāviddha,Vyāviddha,Vyāviddha,(adj.) [vi+āviddha] whirling about,flitting (here &#38; there),moving about,pell-mell J.VI,530.(Page 654) ,9,1
  16002. 497316,en,15,vyaya,vyaya,Vyaya,Vyaya,[vi+aya,of <em>i</em>; the assimilation form is vaya<sup>2</sup>] expense,loss,decay S.IV,68,140; Miln.393 (as abbaya).<i>avyayena</i> (Instr.) safely D.I,72.Cp.<i>veyyāyika </i>&<i> vyāyika</i>.(Page 653) ,5,1
  16003. 497318,en,15,vyayama,vyāyāma,Vyāyāma,Vyāyāma,=vāyāma DhsA.146.(Page 654) ,7,1
  16004. 497319,en,15,vyayika,vyāyika,Vyāyika,Vyāyika,(adj.) [fr.vyaya] belonging to decay; only neg.a° not decaying,imperishable A.II,51; J.V,508.(Page 654) ,7,1
  16005. 497322,en,15,vyosita,vyosita,Vyosita,Vyosita,(adj.) [=vosita] perfected; neg.<i>a°</i> not perfected,imperfect Th.1,784 (aby°).(Page 655) ,7,1
  16006. 497327,en,15,vyuha,vyūha,Vyūha,Vyūha,[fr.vi+<em>vah</em><i>;</i> see byūha] 1.heap,mass; massing or array,grouping of troops S.V,369 (sambādha° a dense crowd,or massed with troops (?); in phrase iddha <i>phīta</i> etc.as given under <i>bāhujañña</i>); J.II,406 (battle array:paduma°,<i>cakka°</i>,<i> sakaṭa°</i>).-- 2.a side street (?),in <i>sandhibbūha</i> J.VI,276.See also byūha.(Page 655) ,5,1
  16007. 497330,en,15,vyuhati,vyūhati,Vyūhati,Vyūhati,at VvA.104 is not clear (see <i>byūhati</i>).It looks more like a present tense to <i>viyūḷha</i> in sense “to be bulky,” than a denom.fr.<i>vyūha</i> as “stand in array.” For the regular verb vi+<em>vah</em> see <i>viyūhati</i>.Cp.<i>paṭi° </i>&<i> saṁyūhati</i>.(Page 655) ,7,1
  16008. 497351,en,15,ya°,ya°,Ya°,Ya°,[pron.rel.base; Vedic yaḥ=Gr.o(ζ who; cp.Goth.jabai if,--ei rel.part.An amplification of the dem.pron.base *i-,*ei- (cp.ayaṁ).See on detail Brugmann,“Die indogerm.Pronomina” in Ber.d.sächs.Ges.LX.41 sq.) I.Forms.(See inflection also at Geiger,P.Gr.§ 110.) The decl.is similar to that of ta°; among the more rarely found forms we only mention the foll.:sg.Nom.m.<i>yo</i> with by-form (in hiatus) <i>yv-</i>,as <i>yv</i>’<i>âyaṁ</i>=yo ayaṁ M.I,258; <i>yv</i>’<i>âssa</i>=yo assa M.I,137.Notice the lengthening of the subsequent vowel.‹-› An unsettled <i>ya</i> is to be found at J.V,424 (Fausböll remarks “for yassā”?; perhaps to be comb<sup>d</sup> with preceding pañcapatikā; C.on p.427 expl<sup>s</sup> ya-kāro nipātamatto)-- Abl.<i>yasmā</i> in adv.use; <i>yamhā</i> Dh.392.-- Loc.<i>yamhi</i> Dh.261,372,393.-- f.Loc.<i>yassaṁ</i> A.III,151 (see below).See further adv.use of cases (below II.5).-- At Pv.II,1<sup>6</sup> <i>yāhi</i> is doubtful (perhaps imper.=yajahi,of yajati; C.leaves it unexpl<sup>d</sup>).<br><br> Special mention must be made of the <i>nt</i>.n.Acc.sg.where both <i>yaṁ</i> and <i>yad</i> are found.The (Vedic) form yad (Ved.yat) has been felt more like ya+expletive (Sandhi-) <i>d</i>,and is principally found in adv.use and certain archaic phrases,whereas <i>yaṁ</i> represents the usual (Pali) form (like <i>tad</i> and <i>taṁ</i>).See more under II.-- A Māgadhized form is <i>ye</i> (after se=taṁ),found at D.II,278 (see Geiger § 105<sup>2</sup> &#38; 110<sup>2</sup>.Cp.Trenckner,Notes 75.).The expression <i>ye-bhuyyena</i> may belong under this category,if we explain it as <i>yad+bhuyyena</i> (bhuyyena equivalent to bhiyyoso).It would then correspond to seyyathā (=sad+yathā,cp.sayathā,sace,taṁyathā).See refs.under <i>yebhuyyena</i>.-- The expression <i>yevāpanaka</i> is an adj.form<sup>n</sup> from the phrase <i>ye-vā-pana</i> (=yaṁ vā pana “whatever else there is”),i.e.belonging to something of the same kind,i.e.corresponding,reciprocal,as far as concerned,respective.(See s.v.) -- In adv.use it often corresponds to E.as; see e.g.yad-icchakaṁ,yad-idaṁ (under II.2 b; II,4 b.).<br><br> II.Meaning:“which,” in correspondence to a following demonstr.pron.(ta°); whichever (generalizing); nt.what,whatever.In immediate comb<sup>n</sup> with the demonstr.pron.it is qualifying and specifying the person,thing or subject in discussion or question (see below 4).<br><br> 1.Regular use as correl.pron.when <i>ya°</i> (+noun) is followed by <i>ta°</i> (+noun).Sometimes (in poetry) the reverse is the case,e.g.at It.84 where <i>ta°</i> (m.sa) is elliptically omitted:atthaṁ na jānāti yaṁ lobho sahate naraṁ “he does not know good,whom greed overcomes.” -- Otherwise regular,e.g.:yassa jātarūparajataṁ kappati pañca pi tassa kāmaguṇā kappanti S.IV,326.In a generalizing sense (cp.below II.3):yo <i>vā</i> so <i>vā</i> “der erste beste,” some or other,whoever,any J.IV,38; V,362; yaṁ vā taṁ vā karotu let her do whatever she likes VvA.208; yasmiṁ vā tasmiṁ vā on every occasion S.I,160 na <i>yo</i> vā <i>so</i> vā yakkho not this or that yakkha i.e.not any (ordinary) kind of Yakkha (but Inda) DA.I,264.-- The same use (ordinary correlative) applies to the nt.forms <i>yaṁ &#38; yad</i> in correl.to taṁ and tad.(See sep.under II.2.)<br><br> 2.Use of nt.forms.-- (a) nt.<i>yaṁ</i> (a) as pronoun:S.III,44 (yaṁ dukkhaṁ ...tad anattā); It.78 (yañ c’aññaṁ whatever else); VbhA.54 (yaṁ labbhati yañ ca na labbhati taṁ sabbaṁ pucchitvā).See also under 3 a (yaṁ kiñci,yaṁ yaṁ).-- (b) as adj.adv.:<i>yaṁmukha</i> facing what,turned where (?) J.V,475 (but C.reads &#38; expl<sup>s</sup> sammukha!); <i>yaṁ--vipāka</i> having what or which kind of fruit D.II,209.<i>yaṁ vā</i> ...yaṁ vā whether ...or S.II,179; <i>yaṁ no</i> ...na tv’eva neither ...nor S.II,179-180.-- <i>yaṁ</i> with pot.:“so that,” that (corresp.to Lat.ut consecutivum) S.III,41 (yaṁ rūpe anatt’ânupassī vihareyya).J.V,339 (n’esa dhammo yaṁ taṁ jahe that I should leave you).-- In the function of other conjunctions e.g.as temporal= when,since,after:J.IV,319 (yaṁ maṁ Suruci-m-ānayi that,or since,S.married me).As conditional or causal =if,even if,because:Vin.I,276 (yaṁ te sakkā ...arogaṁ kātuṁ,taṁ karohi if it is possible ...do it; or may be taken in sense of “in whatever way you can do it,do”); J.III,206=IV.4 (yaṁ me sirasmiṁ ūhacca cakkaṁ bhamati matthake=because; C.:yena pāpena).-- (c) as adv.deictive “so,” in comb<sup>n</sup> with var.other (emphatic) particles as e.g.<i>yaṁ nūna</i> used in an exhortative sense “well,now”; or “rather,let me”; or “so now,” always in phrase <i>yaṁ nūn’âhaṁ</i> “now then let me” (do this or that) very freq.either with foll.pot.e.g.“y.n.âhaṁ araññaṁ paviseyyaṁ” DhA.II,91.“y.n.â.katakammaṁ puccheyyaṁ” VvA.132; dasseyyaṁ VvA.138; pabbajjeyyaṁ M.II,55; āneyyaṁ DhA.I,46,vihareyyaṁ ibid.56; etc.cp.J.I,14,150,255; III,393; DhA.I,91; PvA.5 (avassayo bhaveyyaṁ).-- Similarly <i>yañ hi</i> “well then,now then” (with Pot.) S.II,210,221 (taṁ vadeyya).Cp.<i>yagghe</i>.<i> yañ ca &#38; yañ ce</i> [Sk.yac ca,or cet,ca here=ce see ca. &#38; cp.sace=sa+ce] (rather) than that:yañ ca Th.2,80; J.I,210; <i>yañce</i> (with Pot.) S.I,176; It.43; Th.1,666.saṅgāme me mataṁ seyyo yañ ce jīve parājito (than that I live vanquished) Sn.440 (cp.the intricate expl<sup>n</sup> at SnA 390); similarly J.IV,495:me maraṇaṁ seyyo yañ ce jīve tayā vinā.-- (b) nt.<i>yad:</i> (a) as pron in regular relative use e.g.S.III,44 (yad aniccaṁ taṁ dukkhaṁ); It.59 (yad eva diṭṭhaṁ tad ev’âhaṁ vadāmi).(b) as adv.e.g.<i>yad-agge</i> (Loc.) from what on,i.e.from which time,since what time D.I,152 (=mūladivasato paṭṭhāya yaṁ divasaṁ aggaṁ patvā DA.I,311); Vv 84<sup>33</sup> (=yato paṭṭhāya VvA.344).Also as <i>yad-aggena</i> (Instr.) Vin.II,257 (y.Mahāpajāpati-gotamiyā aṭṭha garudhammā paṭiggahitā tad eva sā upasampannā); VbhA.387.-- <i>yad -- atthaṁ</i> for what,why Th.2,163.<i>yad-atthiya</i> as much as necessary,as required,sufficient,proper Th.1,12; 1274 (“which,for the goal desirous,he led” trsl.; refers to brahmacariyaṁ).The same verse occurs at Sn.354.The latter passage is mentioned in P.D.under <i>atthiya</i> with meaning “on account of what” (cp.kim-atthiyaṁ S.III,189).The Sn.passage is not expl<sup>d</sup> in SnA.-- <i>yad-icchakaṁ</i> whatever is pleasant,i.e.according to liking,as he pleases A.III,28; Pug.11,12; J.I,141 (y.bhutta eaten heartily); Vism.154 (+yavadicchaka); VvA.341.Cp.yen’icchakaṁ below II.5.-- <i>yad-icchita</i> see under <i>yathā-icchita!</i> -- yadidaṁ:see below II.4 b.<br><br> 3.Generalizing (or distributive) use of ya:There are two modes of generalization,viz.(a) by repeating <i>ya°</i>:yassa yass’eva sālassa mūle tiṭṭhasi,so so muñcati pupphāni; “at the foot of whichever tree you stand,he (in all cases concerned) sheds flowers” Vv 39<sup>3</sup>; yaṁ yaṁ hi manaso piyaṁ “whatever is pleasant to the senses” Pv.II,1<sup>18</sup>; yaṁ yaṁ passati taṁ taṁ pucchati “whomsoever he sees,him he asks” J.III,155; yassaṁ yassaṁ disāyaṁ viharati,sakasmiṁ yeva vijite viharati” in whichever region he lives,he lives in his own realm” A.III,151; yo yo yaṁ yaṁ icchati tassa tassa adāsi “whatever anybody wished he gave to him” PvA.113; yaṁ yaṁ padesaṁ bhajati tattha tatth’eva assa lābhasakkāro nibbattati “whichever region he visits,there (in each) will he have success” DhA.II,82.-- (b) by combination with <i>ko-ci</i> (cp.the identical Lat.qui-cun-que):yassa kassaci rāgo pahīno ayaṁ vuccati ...“the lust of whosoever is abandoned he is called so &#38; so” It.56.yāni kānici vatthūni ...sabbāni tāni ...It.19; ye keci ārabbha “with ref.to whosoever” PvA.17; yaṁ kiñci whatever Pv.I,4<sup>1</sup>.<br><br> 4.Dependent &#38; elliptic use of ya (with pron.demonstr.).This represents a sort of deictic (emphatic) use,with ref.to what is coming next or what forms the necessary compliment to what is just being said.Thus it introduces a general truth or definition,as we would say “just this,namely,i.e.” or Ger.“so wie,und zwar.” -- (a) The usual comb<sup>ns</sup> are those of ya+sa (nt.taṁ) and of ya+<i>ayaṁ</i> (nt.idaṁ),but such with <i>amu</i> (nt.aduṁ) also occur:yaṁ aduṁ khettaṁ aggaṁ evam eva mayhaṁ bhikkhu-bhikkhuniyo “as there is one field which is the best,thus to me the bh. &#38; bhikkhunīs” S.IV,315.Cp.the foll.:ya+sa e.g.at M.I.366 (yo so puriso paṭhamaṁ rukkhaṁ ārūḷho sace so na khippam eva oroheyya “just that man,who climbed up the tree first,if he does not come down very quickly”); J.II,159 (yena tena upāyena with every possible means); Pv.I,9<sup>1</sup> (yā tā [so read for yā ca!] “just she over there; who as such,i.e.such as she is”); cp.also the foll.:yā sā sīmā ...taṁ sīmaṁ Vin.I,109; ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā etc....sātthaṁ brahmacariyaṁ abhivadanti tathā rūpā ‘ssa dhammā honti ...M.III,11; yāni etāni yānāni (just) these DhA.IV,6.--<i>ya+ayaṁ</i> e.g.at M.I,258 (yv’āyaṁ vado vedeyyo tatra tatra ...vipākaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti); It.35=93 (nibbāpenti moh’aggiṁ paññāya yā ‘yaṁ nibbedha-gāminī:“as it is also penetrating,which as such,or in this quality,or as we know,is penetrating”); Vin.IV,134 (ye ‘me antarāyikā dhammā vuttā ...te paṭisevato n’âlaṁ antarāyāya “just those which,or whichever”).Th.1,124 (paṅko ti hi naṁ avedayuṁ yâyaṁ vandanapūjanā; here=yā ayaṁ); Dh.56 (appamatto ayaṁ gandho yâyaṁ tagara-candanī; here=yo ayaṁ); M.II,220 (yaṁ idaṁ kammaṁ ...taṁ).-- (b) nt.<i>yadidaṁ</i> lit.“as that,” which is this (i.e.the following),may be translated by “viz.” that is,“i.e.” in other words,so to speak,just this,“I mean”; e.g.kāmānaṁ etaṁ nissaraṇaṁ yad idaṁ nekkhammaṁ “there is an escape from the lusts,viz.lustlessness”; or:“this is the abandoning of lusts,in other words lustlessness” It.61; dve dānāni āmisa° dhamm°,etad aggaṁ imesaṁ yad idaṁ dhamma° “this is the best of them,I mean dh-d.” It.98=100; supaṭipanno sāvaka-saṅgho,y.i.cattāri purisa-yugāni etc.M.I,37.Instead of <i>yadidaṁ</i> we also find <i>yāvañ c’idaṁ</i>.See also examples given under <i>yāvatā</i>.<br><br> 5.Cases used adverbially:Either locally or modally; with regards to the local adverbs it is to be remarked that their connotation is fluctuating,inasmuch as direction and place (where) are not always distinguished (cp.E.where both meanings=where &#38; where-to),but must be guessed from the context.(a) Instr.<i>yena</i>:(local) where (i.e.at which place) D.I,71 (yena yena wherever),220 (yattha yena yahiṁ=whence,where,whither; not with trsl<sup>n</sup> Dial.I.281:where,why,whence!),238 (id.); yenatena where (he was) --there (he went) D.I,88,106,112 &#38; passim; cp.D.II,85 (yena âvasath’âgāraṁ ten’upasaṅkami); A.II,33 (yena vā tena vā here &#38; there or “hither &#38; thither”).--(modal) Dh.326 (yen’icchakaṁ II.2 b.); Pv.I,11<sup>2</sup> (kiṁ akattha pāpaṁ yena pivātha lohitaṁ:so that).-Loc.yahiṁ where (or whither) Vv 84<sup>29</sup> (yahiṁ yahiṁ gacchati tahiṁ tahiṁ modati); &#38; yasmiṁ:yasmiṁ vā tasmiṁ vā on every occasion S.I,160.-- Abl.<i>yasmā</i> (only modal) because A.I,260; It.37 (corresp.to tasmā).On yasmā-t-iha see Geiger,P.Gr.73<sup>5</sup>.(Page 543) ,3,1
  16009. 497379,en,15,ya-kara,ya-kāra,Ya-kāra,Ya-kāra,[ya+kāra] 1.the letter (or sound) y:J.I,430 (padasandhikara); III,433 (vyañjana - sandhi - vasena gahita).-- 2.the letter (or syllable) ya:J.V,427 (nipāta-matta).It is referred to at Vin.IV,7 as an ending implying ridiculing or insult,together with the ending <i>°bha</i>.The Cy.means words like dāsiya,gumbiya,bālya etc.where -ya either denotes descendency or property,or stands for -ka as diminutive (i.e.(disparaging) ending.The same applies to <i>°bha</i>.Here at Vin.IV,7 this way of calling a person by means of adding <i>-ya-</i> or <i>-bha</i> to his name (cp.E.--y in kid› kiddy etc.) is grouped with a series of other terms of insult (hīnā akkosā).(Page 545) ,7,1
  16010. 497385,en,15,yabhati,yabhati,Yabhati,Yabhati,[one passage in Atharva Veda; cp.Gr.oi)/fw “futuo,” Lat.ibex (see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.)] to cohabit,futuere,only given as root yabh with def<sup>n</sup> “methune” at Dhtp 215 &#38; Dhtm 308.(Page 550) ,7,1
  16011. 497396,en,15,yaca,yāca,Yāca,Yāca,(nt.) [fr.<em>yāc</em>] anything asked for,donation,alms,begging J.III,353; V,233,234.<br><br> <i>--yoga</i> (y.+*yogga; perhaps yāja° the original.The variant yājayoga is old &#38; well established:cp.Vism.224) accessible to begging,one ready to comply with another’s request,devoted to liberality,open-handed.Freq.in ster.phrase mutta-cāga payata-pāṇī vossaggarata yāca-yoga dāna-saṁvibhāga-rata to denote great love of liberality,e.g.at A.I,226; II,66; III,313.See also A.III,53,313=Vism.223,224 (where expl<sup>d</sup> as follows:yaṁ yaṁ pare yācanti tassa tassa dānato yācanayogo ti attho; yājayogo ti pi pāṭho; yājana-saṅkhātena yājena yutto ti attho); A.IV,6,266 sq.271,284; V,331,336; Sn.p.87 (cp.expl<sup>n</sup> SnA 414:“yācituṁ yutto,yo hi yācake disvā bhakuṭiṁ katvā pharusavacan’ādīni bhanati,so na yācayogo hoti” etc.); Sn.487,488,489,509; J.III,307 (expl<sup>d</sup> in C.as “yaṁ yaṁ āgantukā yācanti tassa tassa yutto anucchaviko bhavitvā,sabbaṁ tehi yācita-yācitaṁ dadamāno ti attho”); IV,274 (“yācitabba-yuttaka” C.); VI,98 (=yācana-yuttaka or yañña-yuttaka; “ubhayath’âpi dāyakass’ev’etaṁ nāma” C.); Miln.215,225.-- The form <i>yājayoga</i> at Sn.1046 (expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 531 as “yāje yutta”); and mentioned at Vism.224 (see above).‹-› On diff.meaning of <i>yācayoga</i> see Kern,Toev.s.v.with unidentified ref.Cp.also Mvyut.140,4.(Page 552) ,4,1
  16012. 497410,en,15,yacaka,yācaka,Yācaka,Yācaka,(adj.n.) [fr.yāca,cp.Epic &#38; later Sk.yācaka] requesting,one who begs,a recipient of alms,a beggar J.III,353; Pv.II,9<sup>38</sup>; PvA.78,102 (=yācanaka); Sdhp.324,331.Freq.in comb<sup>n</sup> with similar terms of wayfaring people in phrase samaṇa-brāhmaṇa-kapaṇ’iddhika-vaṇibbaka-yācakā e.g.at D.I,137; It.64.See single terms.-- <i>yācaka</i> at Sn.618 (as Fick,Soc.Gliederung 144 quotes yācaka) is to be read <i>yājaka</i>.(Page 552) ,6,1
  16013. 497439,en,15,yacana,yācana,Yācana,Yācana,(dt.) [fr.<em>yāc</em>] begging,asking,entreaty J.III,353; SnA 161 (iṅghā ti yācan’atthe nipāto) 551 (id.); PvA.113 (=sādhuka).<br><br> <i>--jīvāna</i> living by begging J.III,353.(Page 552) ,6,1
  16014. 497445,en,15,yacana,yācanā,Yācanā,Yācanā,(f.)=yācana; J.III,354=Miln.230; J.V,233,404.(Page 552) ,6,1
  16015. 497460,en,15,yacanaka,yācanaka,Yācanaka,Yācanaka,[cp.BSk.yācanaka Divy 470,585]=yācaka A.III,136 (ati°); Pv.II,7<sup>6</sup>; 9<sup>16</sup>; 9<sup>46</sup>; J.III,49; DA.I,298.(Page 552) ,8,1
  16016. 497528,en,15,yacati,yācati,Yācati,Yācati,[Vedic yācati; <em>yāc</em>,with which cp.Lat.jocus (dial.juca “prayer”); Ohg.jehan to confess,etc.:see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.jocus.-- Dhtp (38) only expl<sup>s</sup> yāca= yācane] to beg,ask for,entreat Vin.IV,129 (pabbajjaṁ); Sn.566,980,983; J.III,49,353; V,233,404.-- aor.3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>yāciṁsu</i> PvA.13,20,42; <i>ayācisuṁ</i> Mhvs 33,76 (v.l.ayācayuṁ).-- inf.<i>yācituṁ</i> PvA.29,120.-- ger.<i>yāciya</i> Sn.295; <i>yācitvā</i> M.I,365; <i>yācitvāna</i> Mhvs 17,58.‹-› pp.<i>yācita</i>.(Page 552) ,6,1
  16017. 497604,en,15,yacita,yācita,Yācita,Yācita,[pp.of yācati] begged,entreated,asked (for) A.III,33; Dh.224; J.III,307; PvA.39.-- Cp.<i>yācitaka</i>.(Page 552) ,6,1
  16018. 497629,en,15,yacitaka,yācitaka,Yācitaka,Yācitaka,(adj.) [yācita+diminutive (disparaging) ending °ka] asked,begged,borrowed M.I,365 (°ṁ bhogaṁ); J.IV,358=VI,127 (°ṁ yānaṁ and °ṁ dhanaṁ,alluding to M.I,365--366),with expl<sup>n</sup> J.IV,358:“yaṁ parena dinnattā labbhati taṁ yācita-sadisam eva hoti.” -- (nt.) anything borrowed,borrowed goods:<i>yācitak’ûpamā kāmā</i> (in app’assādā kāmā passage) “the pleasures of the senses are like borrowed goods” Vin.II,25=M.I,130= A.III,97=Th.2,490=Nd<sup>2</sup> 71 (correct yācitan’); expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at M.I,365.-- See also DhA.I,403 (ye y.gahetvā na paṭidenti); ThA.288 (kāmā=yācitaka-bhaṇḍasadisā tāvakālik’aṭṭhena).(Page 552) ,8,1
  16019. 497690,en,15,yad,yad,Yad,Yad,Yad-idaṁ etc.see <i>ya°</i> 4<sup>b</sup>.(Page 550) ,3,1
  16020. 497699,en,15,yada,yadā,Yadā,Yadā,(adv.) [Vedic yadā; old Instr.of ya°] when Sn.200 (y.ca so mato seti),681,696 (here as yada,expl<sup>d</sup> as yadā),923; Dh.28,69,277 sq.325,384,390; It.77 (y devo devakāyā cavati); PvA.54,67.Cp.kadā &#38; tadā.(Page 550) ,4,1
  16021. 497735,en,15,yadi,yadi,Yadi,Yadi,(indecl.) [adv.formation,orig.Loc.fr.ya°; cp.Vedic yadi] 1.as conjunction:if; constructed either with pres.indic.as:Sn.189; “yadi bodhiṁ pattuṁ icchasi” J.I,24 (v.167); “yadi dāyako dānaṁ deti ...etaṁ bījaṁ hoti” PvA.8; or pot.; or with a participle,as:“yadi evaṁ sante” that being so,if this is so D.I,61; “gahito yadi sīho te” if the lion is caught by you Mhvs 6,27.-- With other particles,e.g.<i>yādi</i> āsanamattaṁ pi even if only a seat VvA.39; <i>yadi</i> ...atha kasmā if ...how then Miln.4.yadi <i>evaṁ</i> ...(tu) even if ...yet (but) PvA.63 (y.e.pitā na rodati,mātu nāma hadayaṁ mudukaṁ).-- <i>yadi va</i> “or” (cp.Vedic yadi vā “or be it that”) Dh.195 (=yadi vā athavā DhA.III,252).So <i>yadi vā</i> at J.I,18 (v.97:latā vā yadi vā rukkhā etc.Sn.119 (gāme vā yadi vâraññe).-- 2.as a strong particle of exhortation:<i>yadi evaṁ</i> if so,in that case,let it be that,alright,now then PvA.54 (y.e.yaṁ mayhaṁ desitaṁ ekassa bhikkhuno dehi),217 (y.e.yāvadatthaṁ gaṇhāhi:take as much as you like).(Page 550) ,4,1
  16022. 497755,en,15,yadicchakam,yādicchakaṁ,Yādicchakaṁ,Yādicchakaṁ,at VvA.341 read as yadicchakaṁ (see ya°).(Page 553) ,11,1
  16023. 497792,en,15,yadisa,yādisa,Yādisa,Yādisa,(adj.) [Vedic yādṛś &#38; yādṛsa,yad+dṛśa] which like,what like,whichever,how much; in neg.sentence:any,whatever little.-- Pv.II.1<sup>19</sup> (=yāva mahanto PvA.77).-- Often comb<sup>d</sup> with kīdisa in meaning “any one,this or that,whoever,” e.g.Vv 50<sup>14</sup> (=yo vā so vā pacura-jano ti attho VvA.213).As adj.:yādisi (sic!=Sk.yādṛśī) --kīdisā jīvikā (no livelihood,whatever little) J.VI,584 (v.728; Trenckner,Miln.p.423 gives v.732!),expl<sup>d</sup> by C as “yā vā sā vā,lāmakā ti attho”; yādisaṁ kīdisaṁ dānaṁ a gift of whatever kind Miln.278.So also with tādisa:yādisā vā tādisā vā (viz.kāmā) of whichever kind A.III,5.(Page 553) ,6,1
  16024. 497803,en,15,yadisaka,yādisaka,Yādisaka,Yādisaka,=yādisa; in correlation (generalising sense) yādisaka-tādisaka whatsoever ...such,any whatsoever A.IV,308; S.V,96.(Page 553) ,8,1
  16025. 497824,en,15,yaga,yāga,Yāga,Yāga,[fr.<em>yaj</em>,*Sk.yāga,cp.yañña &#38; yaja] 1.a (brahmanic) sacrifice,known otherwise as <i>mahāyāga</i> (or pl.°yāgā),and consisting of the 4:assamedha,purisamedha,sammāpāsa,vāja-peyya.Thus mentioned at S.I,76 &#38; Sn.303.-- 2.In Buddhistic sense:gift,alms‹-› giving,charity; expense or expenditure of giving (almost syn.with cāga) A.I,91 (here given in line with dāna &#38; cāga,with distinction of <i>āmisa° </i>&<i> dhamma°</i>,i.e.the material sacrifice,as under 1,and the spiritual sacrifice or help); with the same contrast of ā° &#38; dh.° at D.III,155; It.98,102; J.V,57,65; DhA.I,27.-- J.IV,66 (sahassena yāgaṁ yajanto); Miln.21 (dhamma°); VvA.155; PvA.135 (mahā°-saññita yañña),136 (mahā°).-- <i>suyiṭṭha yāga sampadā</i> “well-given is the perfection of charity” ThA.40 (Ap.v.7)=230 (id.).<br><br> <i>--piṇḍa</i> the sacrificial oblation consisting in a ball of meat or flour (cp.piṇḍa-pitṛ-yajña) J.VI,522 (with v.l.yāgu°).(Page 551) ,4,1
  16026. 497850,en,15,yagghe,yagghe,Yagghe,Yagghe,(indecl.) [similar in formation &#38; meaning to tagghe (q.v.).It is yaṁ (yad)+gha,the latter in a Māgadhised form ghe,whereas taggha (=tad+gha) only occurs as such] hortative part,used in addressing a (superior) person in the Voc.followed by Pot.of jānāti,either 2<sup>nd</sup> jāneyyāsi,or 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.jāneyya; to be trsl<sup>d</sup> somewhat like “look here,don’t you know,” surely,you ought to know; now then; similarly to part.<i>yaṁ nu</i>,<i> yaṁ nūna </i>&<i> yaṁ hi</i>.The part.is found in the language of the Nikāyas only,thus indicating part of the oldest &#38; original dialect.E.g.:y.bhante jāneyyāsi Vin.I,237; yagghe deva jāneyyāsi yo te puriso dāso ...so ...pabbajito do you know,Oh king D.I,60 (trsl.:“if it please your majesty,do you know ...”; DA.I,169 expl<sup>s</sup> as “codan’at‹11›the nipāto”); y.ayye jāneyyāsi M.II,62; mahārāja j.M.II,71; id.S.I,101; y.bhavan jāneyya S.I,180.-- The passage M.II,157 is somewhat doubtful where we find y.with the ind.and in var.forms (see v.l.) of yagghi &#38; taggha:“jānanti pana bhonto yagghe ...” with reply “na jānāma yagghe ...” Perhaps the reading taggha would be preferable.(Page 546) ,6,1
  16027. 497860,en,15,yagin,yāgin,Yāgin,Yāgin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.yāga] sacrificing,giving,spending S.I,19=J.IV,66 (sahassa° giving the worth of a thousand pieces).(Page 552) ,5,1
  16028. 497867,en,15,yagu,yāgu,Yāgu,Yāgu,(f.) [cp.Vedic yavāgū; on form see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 27<sup>4</sup>] rice-gruel,rice-milk (to drink).See Vin.Texts II.89.‹-› Vin.I,46=II.223 (sace yāgu hoti,bhājanaṁ dhovitvā yāgu upanametabbā; yāguṁ pītassa udakaṁ datvā ...),51 (id.),61 (id.),84,210 (Bhagavato udara-vāt-ābādho tekaṭulāya yāguyā dhuva-yāguṁ dātuṁ; i.e.a constant supply of rice-gruel),339 (na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ yāgupāne nisīdissāma); IV,311; A.III,250 (ānisaṁsā:5 good qualities:it is good for hunger,for thirst,allays wind,cleans the bladder,helps to digest any undigested food); J.I,186; II,128 (for drink); PvA.12,23,274.-- Often comb<sup>d</sup> (and eaten) with cakes (khajjaka) &#38; other soft food (bhojja),e.g.<i>yāgukhajjaka</i> J.I,270; III,20; DhA.IV,20; Mhvs 14,55 (°khajja-<i>bhojja</i>); 36,100 (+khajja-<i>bhojja</i>).<br><br> <i>--pāna</i> a drink of rice-milk Vin.I,84.<i>--piṇḍa</i> see yāga°.<i>--bhājaka</i> one who distributes the rice-gruel Vin.II,176 (pañcah’aṅgehi samannāgataṁ; together with cīvarabhājaka,phala-bhājaka &#38; khajja-bhājaka); IV,38 (yāgu°,phala°,khajja°),155 (id.); A.III,275.(Page 552) ,4,1
  16029. 497990,en,15,yahim,yahiṁ,Yahiṁ,Yahiṁ,(adv.) [after kuhiṁ] where,wherever Mhvs 15,209 (corresp.to yattha in v.210).(Page 551) ,5,1
  16030. 498003,en,15,yaja,yāja,Yāja,Yāja,[fr.<em>yaj</em><i>;</i> cp.yāja &#38; yājeti] sacrificing,giving alms,liberality (felt as synonymous with <i>cāga</i>,thus influenced by <i>tyaj</i>,cp.Sk.tyājana):see yācayoga; -- Nd<sup>2</sup> 531 (yāye yutta); Vism.224.(Page 552) ,4,1
  16031. 498015,en,15,yajaka,yājaka,Yājaka,Yājaka,(adj.) [fr.<em>yaj</em> in its Caus.form yājeti] sacrificing,one who sacrifices,a priest Sn.312,313 (=yanna-yājino janā SnA 324),618 (of a purohita; v.l.BB yācaka).(Page 552) ,6,1
  16032. 498036,en,15,yajana,yajana,Yajana,Yajana,(nt.) [late formation fr.<i>yaj</i>,yajati,for the earlier yañña] the act of sacrificing J.III,518; VI,133; Cp.I.7<sup>2</sup>; Vism.224; PvA.135.(Page 547) ,6,1
  16033. 498041,en,15,yajana,yājana,Yājana,Yājana,(nt)=yāja; Vism.224:see yācayoga.(Page 552) ,6,1
  16034. 498047,en,15,yajanaka,yajanaka,Yajanaka,Yajanaka,(adj.) [fr.yajana] one who sacrifices J.VI,133.(Page 547) ,8,1
  16035. 498085,en,15,yajapeti,yajāpeti,Yajāpeti,Yajāpeti,[Caus.II.of yajati] to cause a sacrifice to be held A.I,168 (yajati+).(Page 547) ,8,1
  16036. 498105,en,15,yajati,yajati,Yajati,Yajati,[<em>yaj</em>,cp.Vedic yajati,yajus,Yajur-veda.To Av.yaƶaitē to sacrifice,Gr.a(/zomai to revere,worship.On etym.cp.also Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.aestimo.-- The Dhtp (62) defines root by “deva-pūjā,saṅgati-karaṇa,dānesu,” i.e.“said of deva-worship,of assembling,and of gifts.” Similarly Dhtm 79] to sacrifice,to make an offering (yaññaṁ); to give alms or gifts -- In the P.literature it refers (with yañña,sacrifice) either (when critical) to the Brahmanic rites of sacrificing to the gods according to the rules initiated in the Vedas &#38; Vedic literature; or (when dogmatical) to the giving of alms to the bhikkhu.In the latter sense it implies liberal donation of all the necessities of a bhikkhu (see enum<sup>d</sup> under yañña).The latter use is by far the more frequent.-- The construction is with the Acc.of the deity honoured and the Instr.of the gift.-- Pres.<i>yajati</i> D.I,139; A.I,168; II,43,44; Sn.505,509; DA.I,160.-- ppr.<i>yajanto</i> D.I,52; M.I,404; Miln.21; Gen.pl.<i>yajataṁ</i> Sn.569 (=Vin.I,246,where reading is jayataṁ).-- ppr.med.<i>yajamāna</i> D.I,138 (mahayaññaṁ); Sn.506; S.I,233; J.VI,502,505.-- imper.3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>yajatu</i> DA.I,297; med.<i>yajataṁ</i> D.I,138 (=detu bhavaṁ DA.I,300).2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>yajāhi</i> J.III,519; PvA.280,and perhaps at Pv.II,1<sup>6</sup> (for T.yāhi).2<sup>nd</sup> med.<i>yajassu</i> Sn.302,506; J.V,488 (yaññaṁ),490 (id.) -- Pot.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>yajeyyaṁ</i> D.I,134; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>yajeyyuṁ</i> J.VI,211,215; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.med.<i>yajetha</i> Dh.106 (māse māse sahassena yo y.=dānaṁ dadeyya DhA.II,231),108; It.98; A.II,43; Sn.463.-- Fut.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>yajissasi</i> J.III,515; 1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>yajissāmi</i> J.VI,527 (pantha-sakuṇaṁ tuyhaṁ maṁsena); 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>yajissanti</i> J.IV,184; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>yajissāma</i> J.VI,132.‹-› aor.1<sup>st</sup> sg.<i>yajiṁ</i> Th.1,341; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>ayajī</i> It.102; <i>yaji</i> Miln.219,221.-- inf.<i>yajituṁ</i> Miln.220; <i>yiṭṭhuṁ</i> D.I,138 (yiṭṭhu-kāma wishing to sacrifice),and <i>yaṭṭhuṁ</i> in <i>°kāma</i> D.II,244; Sn.461.-- ger.<i>yajitvā</i> D.I,143; A.II,44; Sn.509; J.VI,137 (puttehi),202; Pv.II,9<sup>56</sup> (datvā+,i.e.spending liberally; cp.PvA.136); <i>yajitvāna</i> Sn.303,979.-- grd.<i>yajitabba</i> J.VI,133 (sabbacatukkena).-- pp.<i>yajita </i>&<i> yiṭṭha</i>.-- Caus.I.<i>yājeti;</i> Caus.II.<i>yajāpeti</i> (q.v.).(Page 546) ,6,1
  16037. 498116,en,15,yajetar,yājetar,Yājetar,Yājetar,[n.ag.to yājeti] one who superintends a sacrifice or causes it to be performed D.I,143.(Page 552) ,7,1
  16038. 498120,en,15,yajeti,yājeti,Yājeti,Yājeti,[Caus.I.of yajati] to cause to sacrifice,to make a priest give an offering (to the gods or otherwise) J.VI,211,215; ppr.<i>yājento</i> M.I,404; Pot.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>yājeyya</i> J.III,515; 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.<i>yājeyyuṁ</i> J.VI,215 (aññaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ); also <i>yājayeyyuṁ</i> J.VI,211.-- ger.<i>yājetvā</i> D.I,143.(Page 552) ,6,1
  16039. 498145,en,15,yajin,yājin,Yājin,Yājin,(adj.) [fr.yāja] sacrificing SnA 324 (yañña°).(Page 552) ,5,1
  16040. 498160,en,15,yajita,yajita,Yajita,Yajita,[pp.of yajati] sacrificed Miln.219; J.IV,19.(Page 547) ,6,1
  16041. 498189,en,15,yajubbeda,yajubbeda,Yajubbeda,Yajubbeda,[fr.Vedic yajus the sacrificial formula,+veda] the Yajurveda,the 2<sup>nd</sup> of the Vedas,dealing with sacrifice Miln.178; DA.I,247; SnA 447.As <i>yajuveda</i> at Dpvs.V,62,where the 3 Vedas are enum<sup>d</sup> as iruveda,yaju° and sāma°.(Page 547) ,9,1
  16042. 498206,en,15,yaka-pela,yaka-peḷa,Yaka-peḷa,Yaka-peḷa,[see peḷa] the lump of the liver Sn.195 (=yakana-piṇḍa SnA 247)=J.I,146.Dines Andersen suggests:“Could y.-p.possibly be an old error for sakapeḷa,cp.Sk.śaka-piṇḍa &#38; śakṛt-piṇḍa?” Cp.<i>paṭala</i> (ref.Vism.257).(Page 545) ,9,1
  16043. 498213,en,15,yakana,yakana,Yakana,Yakana,(nt.) [fr.Gen.yaknaḥ or sec.stem yakan- of Vedic yakṛt; cp.Av.yākars; Gr.Qpar,Lat.jecur.In formation cp.P.chakana fr.Ved.śakṛt.] the liver Kh III,; M.I,57,421; D.II,293; A.V,109; Miln.26; Vism.257,356; VbhA.60,240.The old n-stem is to be seen in cpd.<i>yaka-peḷa</i> (q.v.).(Page 545) ,6,1
  16044. 498248,en,15,yakkha,yakkha,Yakkha,Yakkha,[Vedic yakṣa,quick ray of light,but also “ghost”; fr.<em>yaks</em> to move quickly; perhaps:swift creatures,changing their abode quickly and at will.-- The customary (popular) etym.of Pali Commentators is y.as quâsi grd.of <em>yaj</em>,to sacrifice,thus:a being to whom a sacrifice (of expiation or propitiation) is given.See e.g.VvA.224:yajanti tattha baliṁ upaharantī ti yakkhā; or VvA.333:pūjanīya-bhavato yakkho ti vuccati.-- The term yakṣa as attendants of Kubera occurs already in the Upanishads.] 1.name of certain non-human beings,as spirits,ogres,dryads,ghosts,spooks.Their usual epithet and category of being is <i>amanussa</i>,i.e.not a human being (but not a sublime god either); a being half deified and of great power as regards influencing people (partly helping,partly hurting).They range in appearance immediately above the Petas; many “successful” or happy Petas are in fact Yakkhas (see also below).They correspond to our “genii” or fairies of the fairy-tales and show all their qualities.In many respects they correspond to the Vedic Piśācas,though different in many others,and of diff.origin.Historically they are remnants of an ancient demonology and of considerable folkloristic interest,as in them old animistic beliefs are incorporated and as they represent creatures of the wilds and forests,some of them based on ethnological features.See on term e.g.Dial.III,188; on their history and identity Stede,Gespenstergeschichten des Peta Vatthu chap.v.; pp.39--44.-- They are sometimes called <i>devatā</i>:S.I,205; or <i>devaputtā</i>:PvA.113,139.A female Yakkha is called <i>yakkhinī</i> (q.v.).<br><br> 2.Their usual capacity is one of kindness to men (cp.Ger.Rūbezahl).They are also interested in the spiritual welfare of those humans with whom they come into contact,and are something like “tutelary genii” or even “angels” (i.e.messengers from another world) who will save prospective sinners from doing evil (cp.Pv IV.1).They also act as guides in the “inferno”:Pv IV.11,cp.IV.3.A somewhat dangerous “Mentor” is represented at D.I,95,where the y.Vajirapāṇī threatens to slay Ambaṭṭha with an iron hammer,if he does not answer the Bhagavā.He is represented as hovering in the air; Bdhgh.(DA.I,264) says on this:na yo vā so vā yakkho,Sakko devarājā ti veditabbo:it is to be understood not as this or that y.but as Sakka the king of devas.-- Whole cities stand under the protection of,or are inhabited by yakkhas; D.II,147 (ākiṇṇa-yakkha full of y.; thus Āḷakamandā may here mean all kinds of supra-mundane beings),cp.Lankā (Ceylon) as inhabited by y.:Mhvs 7,33.-- Often,however,they are cruel and dangerous.The female yakkhas seem on the whole more fearful and evilnatured than the male (see under yakkhinī).They eat flesh and blood:J.IV,549; devour even men:D.II,346; J.II,15--17,or corpses:J.I,265; mentioned under the 5 ādīnavā (dangers) at A.III,256.A yakkha wants to kill Sāriputta:Ud.4.<br><br> 3.Var.classes of y.are enum<sup>d</sup> at D.II,256,257; in a progressive order they rank between <i>manussa</i> and <i>gandhabba</i> at A.II,38; they are mentioned with devas,rakkhasas,dānavas,gandhabbas,kinnaras and mah’oragas at J.V,420.According to VvA.333 Sakka,the 4 great kings (lokapālā),the followers of Vessavaṇa (alias Yama,the yakkhas proper) and <i>men</i> (see below 7) go by the name of yakkha.-- Sakka,the king of the devas,is often named yakkha:J.IV,4; DA.I,264.Some are spirits of trees (rukkha-devatā):J.III,309 345; Pv.I,9; II,9; PvA.5; are also called <i>bhumma-devā</i> (earthly deities) PvA.45,55.Their cult seems to originate primarily from the woods (thus in trees:Pv.II,9; IV,3),and secondarily from the legends of sea-faring merchants (cp.the story of the flyingDutchman).To the latter origin point the original descriptions of a <i>Vimāna</i> or fairy-palace,which is due to a sort of mirage.These are usually found in or at the sea,or in the neighbourhood of silent lakes,where the sense of hauntedness has given rise to the fear of demons or supernatural witchcraft.Cp.the entrances to a Vimāna by means of a dried-up river bed (Pv.I,9; II,12) and the many descriptions of the Vimānas in the Lake-districts of the Himavant in Vv.(See Stede,Peta Vatthu trsl<sup>n</sup> p.104 sq.)<br><br> 4.Their names too give us a clue as to their origin and function.These are taken from (a) their bodily appearance,which possesses many of the attributes of Petas,e.g.<i>Khara</i> “Rough-skin” or “Shaggy” Sn.p.48 (=khara-samphassaṁ cammaṁ SnA 302),also as <i>Khara-loma</i> “Rough-hair” Vism.208; <i>Khara-dāṭhika</i> “Rough-tooth” J.I,31.<i>Citta</i> “Speckled” Mhvs 9,22; 10,4; also as <i>Citta-rājā</i> J.II,372; Mhvs 10,84.<i>Silesa-loma</i> “Sticky-hair” J.I,273.<i>Sūci-loma</i> “Needlehair” Sn.p.47,48; S.I,207; Vism.208; SnA 302.--(b) places of inhabitance,attributes of their realm,animals and plants,e.g.<i>Ajakalāpaka</i> “Goat-bundle” Ud.1.<i>Āḷavaka</i> “Forest-dweller” J.IV,180; VI,329; Mhvs 30,84:Vism.208.<i>Uppala</i> “Lotus” DhA.IV,209.<i>Kakudha</i> “K.-tree” (Terminalia arjuna) S.I,54.<i>Kumbhīra</i> “Crocodile” J.VI,272.<i>Gumbiya</i> either “One of a troop” (soldier of Yama) or “Thicket-er” (fr.gumba thicket) J.III,200,201.<i>Disāmukha</i> “Skyfacer” DhA.IV,209.<i>Yamamoli</i> “Yamachignon” DhA.IV,208.<i>Vajira</i> “Thunderbolt” DhA.IV,209; alias <i>Vajira-pāṇī</i> D.I,95,or <i>Vajira-bāhu</i> DhA.IV,209.<i>Sātāgira</i> “Pleasant-mount” D.II,256; Sn.153; J.IV,314; VI,440.<i>Serīsaka</i> “Acacia-dweller” VvA.341 (the messenger of Vessavaṇa).-- (c) qualities of character,e.g.<i>Adhamma</i> “Unrighteous” Miln.202 (formerly Devadatta).<i>Katattha</i> “Well-wisher” DhA.IV,209.<i>Dhamma</i> “Righteous” Miln.202 (=Bodhisatta).<i>Puṇṇaka</i> “Full(-moon?)” J.VI,255 sq.(a leader of soldiers,nephew of Vessavaṇa).<i>Māra</i> the “Tempter” Sn.449; S.I,122; M.I,338.<i>Sakata</i> “Waggon-load” (of riches) DhA.IV,209 -- (d) embodiments of former persons,e.g.<i>Janavasabha</i> “Lord of men” D.II,205.<i>Dīgha</i> M.I,210.<i>Naradeva</i> J.VI,383,387.<i>Paṇḍaka</i> “Eunuch” Mhvs 12,21.<i>Sīvaka</i> S.I,241=Vin.II,156.<i>Serī</i> “Self-willed” S.I,57.-- Cp.the similar names of yakkhinīs.<br><br> 5.They stand in a close relationship to and under the authority of <i>Vessavaṇa</i> (Kuvera),one of the 4 lokapālas.They are often the direct servants (messengers) of <i>Yama</i> himself,the Lord of the Underworld (and the Peta-realm especially).Cp.D.II,257; III,194 sq.; J.IV,492 (yakkhinī fetches water for Vessavaṇa); VI,255 sq.(Puṇṇaka,the nephew of V,); VvA.341 (Serīsaka,his messenger).In relation to Yama:dve yakkhā Yamassa dūtā Vv 52<sup>2</sup>; cp.Np.Yamamolī DhA.IV,208.-- In harmony with tradition they share the rôle of their master <i>Kuvera</i> as lord of riches (cp.Pv.II,9<sup>22</sup>) and are the keepers (and liberal spenders) of underground riches,hidden treasures etc.with which they delight men:see e.g.the frame story to Pv.II,11 (PvA.145),and to IV.12 (PvA.274).They enjoy every kind of splendour &#38; enjoyment,hence their attribute <i>kāma-kāmin</i> Pv.I,3<sup>3</sup>.Hence they possess supernatural powers,can transfer themselves to any place with their palaces and work miracles; a frequent attribute of theirs is <i>mah’iddhika</i> (Pv.II,9<sup>10</sup>; J.VI,118).Their appearance is splendid,as a result of former merit:cp.Pv.I,2; I,9; II,11; IV,3<sup>17</sup>.At the same time they are possessed of odd qualities (as result of former demerit); they are shy,and afraid of palmyra leaf &#38; iron:J.IV,492; their eyes are red &#38; do not wink:J.V,34; VI,336,337.-- Their abode is their self-created palace (<i>Vimāna</i>),which is anywhere in the air,or in trees etc.(see under vimāna).Sometimes we find a communion of yakkhas grouped in a town,e.g.Āḷakamandā D.II,147; Sirīsa-vatthu (in Ceylon) Mhvs 7,32.<br><br> 6.Their essential human character is evident also from their attitude towards the “Dhamma.” In this respect many of them are “fallen angels” and take up the word of the Buddha,thus being converted and able to rise to a higher sphere of existence in saṁsāra.Cp.D.III,194,195; J.II,17; VvA.333; Pv.II,8<sup>10</sup> (where “yakkha” is expl<sup>d</sup> by Dhpāla as “pet-attabhāvato cuto (so read for mato!) yakkho ataṁ jāto dev-attabhāvaṁ patto” PvA.110); SnA 301 (both Sūciloma &#38; Khara converted).-- See in general also the foll.passages:Sn.153,179,273,449; S.I,206--15; A.I,160; Vism.366 (in simile); Miln.23.<br><br> 7.Exceptionally the term “yakkha” is used as a philosophical term denoting the “individual soul” [cp.similar Vedic meaning “das lebendige Ding” (B.R.) at several AV.passages]; hence probably the old phrase:<i>ettāvatā yakkhassa suddhi</i> (purification of heart) Sn.478,quoted VvA.333 (ettāvat’aggaṁ no vadanti h’eke yakkhassa sudhiṁ idha paṇḍitāse).Sn.875 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 282:yakkha=satta,nara,puggala,manussa).<br><br> <i>--ânubhāva</i> the potency of a yakkha J.I,240.<i>--āviṭṭha</i> possessed by a y.J.VI,586.<i>--iddhi</i> (yakkh°) magic power of a y.PvA.117,241.<i>--gaṇa</i> the multitude of ys.J.VI,287.<i>--gaha</i>=following DhA.III,362.<i>--gāha</i> “yakkha-grip,” being seized by a y.S.I,208; PvA.144.<i>--ṭṭhāna</i> the dwelling-place of a y.<i>--dāsī</i> “a female temple slave,” or perhaps “possessed by a demon” (?) J.VI,501 (v.l.BB devatā-paviṭṭhā cp.p.586:yakkh’āviṭṭhā.) <i>--nagara</i> city of ys.J.II,127 (=Sirīsavatthu); cp.pisāca-nagara.<i>--pura</i> id.Mhvs 7.32.<i>--bhavana</i> the realm or abode of the y.Nd<sup>1</sup> 448.<i>--bhūta</i> a yakkha-being,a ghost Pv III,5<sup>2</sup> (=pisāca-bhūta vā yakkha-bh.vā PvA.198); IV,1<sup>35</sup>.<i>--mahiddhi=°iddhi;</i> Pv IV.1<sup>54</sup>.<i>--yoni</i> the y.-world,realm of the y.SnA 301.<i>--samāgama</i> meeting of the y.PvA.55 (where also devaputtā join).<i>--sūkara</i> a y.in the form of a pig VbhA.494.<i>--senā</i> army of ys.D.III,194; SnA 209.<i>--senāpati</i> chief-commander of the yakkha-army J.IV,478; SnA 197.(Page 545) ,6,1
  16045. 498428,en,15,yakkhatta,yakkhatta,Yakkhatta,Yakkhatta,(nt.) [fr.yakkha] condition of a higher demon or yakkha D.II,57; A.II,39; PvA.117.(Page 546) ,9,1
  16046. 498462,en,15,yakkhi,yakkhī,Yakkhī,Yakkhī,(f.) [direct formation fr.yakkha,like petī fr.peta; form older than yakkhinī (?)]=yakkhinī S.I,11; Vin.III,121; IV,20; J.IV,492; Mhvs 7,26.(Page 546) ,6,1
  16047. 498475,en,15,yakkhini,yakkhinī,Yakkhinī,Yakkhinī,(f.) [fr.yakkha,perhaps corresponding directly to Vedic <i>yakṣiṇī</i>,f.of yakṣin; adj.persecuting,taking vengeance,appl<sup>d</sup> to Varuṇa at RV.VII.88<sup>4</sup>] a female yakkha,a vampire.Their character is usually fierce &#38; full of spite &#38; vengeance,addicted to man- &#38; beastmurder (cp.yakkha 2).They are very much like Petīs in habits.With their names cp.those of the yakkhas,as enum<sup>d</sup> under yakkha 4.-- Vin.III,37; IV,20 (where sexual intercourse with y.is forbidden to the bhikkhus); S.I,209 (Piyaṅkara-mātā); J.I,240 (as a goat),395 sq.; II,127; III,511; V,21 (eating a baby),209 (eaten by a y.); VI,336 (desirous of eating a child); Vism.121 (singing),382 (four:Piyaṅkara-mātā,Uttaramātā,Phussa-mittā,Dhammaguttā),665 (in simile); Mhvs 7,11 (Kuvaṇṇā,i.e.bad-coloured); 10,53 (Cetiyā); 12,21 (Hāritā “Charming” or fr.harita “green” (?)); DhA.I,47; II,35,36 (a y.in the form of a cow,eating 4 people in successive births).Note.A by-form of yakkhinī is <i>yakkhī</i>.<br><br> <i>--bhāva</i> the state of being a yakkhinī J.I,240; II,128 (yakkhini°).(Page 546) ,8,1
  16048. 498537,en,15,yama,yama,Yama,Yama,<sup>3</sup> (m.nt.) [Vedic yama=yama<sup>2</sup>; fr.<i>yam</i> in meaning “to combine,” cp.Av.y&schwamacr;ma twin,Mir.emuin id.] (nt.) a pair,(m.) a twin Abhp 628.See der.<i>yamaka</i>.(Page 551) ,4,1
  16049. 498538,en,15,yama,yama,Yama,Yama,<sup>2</sup> [Vedic Yama] the ruler of the kingdom of the dead.See details in Dicty.of Names.In cpds.often in general sense of “death” or “manes,” or “petā”; e.g. <i>--dūta</i> Death’s messenger Sdhp.287; cp.Yamassa dūtā Vv 52<sup>2</sup> (see VvA.224),or deva-dūta A.I,138 (see under dūta),alias niraya-pāla A.I,138 and passim.<i>--purisa</i> (a)=°dūta Dh.235 (cp.DhA.III,335); VvA.223; (b) °purisā Yama-people,i.e.Petas Pv IV.3<sup>3</sup> (cp.PvA.251).<i>--loka</i> the yama-world or world of the Petas Dh.44,45; PvA.107 &#38; freq.<i>--visaya</i>=°loka Pv.II,8<sup>2</sup> &#38; passim.<i>--sādana</i> Y’s kingdom,or the realm of the dead J.VI,267,304; VI,457,505.(Page 550) ,4,1
  16050. 498539,en,15,yama,yama,Yama,Yama,<sup>1</sup> [fr.<em>yam</em>] restraint PvA.98 (+niyama).(Page 550) ,4,1
  16051. 498565,en,15,yama,yāma,Yāma,Yāma,[fr.<em>yam</em> in both meanings of yamati &#38; yama<sup>3</sup>] 1.restraint,only as cpd.<i>cātu-yāma</i> 4--fold restraint D.I,57; III,48; S.I,66; M.I,377; Vism.416.Cp.Dial.I.75<sup>1</sup>.-- 2.a watch of the night.There are 3 watches,given as <i>paṭhama</i>,<i> majjhima </i>&<i> pacchima</i> (first,middle &#38; last) Nd<sup>1</sup> 377 sq.; or <i>purima</i>,<i> m</i>.<i> </i>&<i> pacchima</i> Nd<sup>2</sup> 631 (under sadā).-- A.I,114; IV,168; Dh.157 (one of the 3; interpreted as the 3 vayas at DhA.III,138); J.I,243 (tīsu yāmesu ekasmiṁ yāme); Mhvs 21,33; PvA.217,280.-- 3.(usually pl.Yāmā devā) one who belongs to Yama or the ruler of the Underworld; a subject of Yama; the realm of Yama; -- pl.inhabitants of Yamaloka A.I,210 (yāmā devā); SnA 244 (°bhavana the abode of the Y.); KhA 166 (Yāmato yāva Akaniṭṭhaṁ from the Underworld to the Highest Heaven); Vism.225 (Yāmā); VbhA.519 (Yāmā); VvA.246 (id.); ThA.169 (Y.devā).<br><br> <i>--kālika</i> of a restricted time,for a (relatively) short period (lit.) only for one watch of the night,but longer than <i>yāva-kālika</i> temporary.It is one of the three regulation-terms for specified food,viz.<i>y</i>.<i>--k</i>.<i> sattāhakālika </i>&<i> yāvajīvika</i>,or short period,of a week’s duration,and life-long food Vin.IV,83,86,176,311; to which is added <i>yāva-kālika</i>,temporary at Vin.I,251 (where mutual relations of the 4 are discussed).<i>--gaṇḍika(ṁ)</i> koṭṭeti to beat the block of restraint (?),i.e.exercise self-control (?) (or does it belong to yāma 3?) KhA 233.(Page 554) ,4,1
  16052. 498617,en,15,yamaka,yamaka,Yamaka,Yamaka,[fr.yama<sup>3</sup>] 1.(adj.) double,twin; only in foll.comb<sup>ns</sup>:<i>°pāṭihāriya (</i>&<i> °hīra)</i> the miracle of the double appearances,a miracle performed by the Buddha in Sāvatthī to refute the heretical teachers (cp.Vin.III,332,Samanta-pāsādika; and in detail DA.I,57).It consisted in the appearance of phenomena of opposite character in pairs,as e.g.streaming forth of fire &#38; water.(Cp.Mhvs trsl<sup>n</sup> 120).The miracle was repeatedly performed by the Buddha &#38; is often referred to,e.g.at Ps.I,125 (°hīra); J.I,77,88,193; Miln.106 (°hīraṁ),349 (°hāriyaṁ); Mhvs 17,44,50; 30,82; 31,99; Dāvs.I,50 (°hīraṁ); DhA.III,213 (id.); SnA 36; Vism.390; PvA.137.<i>--sālā</i> the pair of Sal willows in between of which the Buddha passed away VvA.165; PvA.212.-- 2.(adj.or m.) a twin,twin child Mhvs 6,9 (yamake duve puttaṁ ca dhītaraṁ janesi),37 (soḷasakkhattuṁ yamake duve duve putte janayi); DhA.I,353 (same,with vijāyi).-- 3.(nt.) a pair,couple,N.of one of the Abhidhamma canonical books,also called Yamaka-ppakaraṇa; Tikp 8.-- The <i>Yamakasutta</i> refers to the conversion of the bhikkhu Yamaka and is given at S.III,109 sq.; mentioned at Vism.479 &#38; VbhA.32.The phrase <i>yamakato sammasana</i> at Vism.626 may mean “in pairs” (like kalāpato “in a bundle” ibid.),or may refer to the Yamaka-sutta with its discussion of anicca,dukkha,anatta.(Page 551) ,6,1
  16053. 498760,en,15,yamala,yamala,Yamala,Yamala,[fr.yama<sup>3</sup>] a pair Abhp 628.-- <i>yamalī</i> occurs in BSk.only as a kind of dress,at Divy 276; AvŚ I.265.(Page 551) ,6,1
  16054. 498813,en,15,yamatam,yamataṁ,Yamataṁ,Yamataṁ,at S.I,14 (sa vītivatto yamataṁ sumedho) we should read (with Mrs.Rh.D.’s emendation K.S.p.320) as <i>yaṁ mataṁ</i> (Cy.:maññanaṁ; trsl.“he rich in wisdom hath escaped beyond conceits and deemings of the errant mind”).(Page 551) ,7,1
  16055. 498817,en,15,yamati,yamati,Yamati,Yamati,[<em>yam</em>,given in meaning “uparame” i.e.cessation,quieting at Dhtp 226 &#38; Dhtm 322,at the latter with additional “nāse.” On etym.see Walde,Lat.Wtb.s.v.redimio and emo:cp.yanta] to restrain,suppress,to become tranquil; only in stanza Dh.6=Th.I,275=J.III,488 as 1<sup>st</sup> pl.med.<i>yamāmase</i> in imper.sense:“pare ca na vijānanti mayaṁ ettha yamāmase,” which is expl<sup>d</sup> both at DhA.I,65,Th.1 A, &#38; J.III,489 in connection with yama,<sup>2</sup> viz.“yamāmase:uparamāma nassāma satataṁ samitaṁ maccu-santikaṁ gacchāmā ti na jānanti,” i.e.let us go continually into the presence of death.A little further at DhA.I,66 the expl<sup>n</sup> of it is “bhaṇḍ’‹-› ādīnaṁ vuddhiyā <i>vāyamāmā</i> ti na vijānanti.” The meaning is “to control oneself,” cp.saṁyamāmase S.I,209.Leop.v.Schroeder however trsls.“Und mancher Mann bedenket nicht:wir alle müssen sterben hier” (Worte der Wahrheit,p.2.).-- <i>yameyyātha</i> at S.I,217 is wrongly separated from the preceding vā,which ought to be read as <i>vāyameyyātha</i> (so K.S.I.281).(Page 551) ,6,1
  16056. 498900,en,15,yana,yāna,Yāna,Yāna,(nt.) [fr.<em>yā</em>,as in yāti.Cp.Vedic yāna and Lat.Janus] 1.going,proceeding J.VI,415 (+ayāna,opposed to ṭhāna).-- 2.means of motion,carriage,vehicle.Different kinds of carriages are enum<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>1</sup> 145 (on Sn.816) with hatthi° (elephant-),go° (cow-),aja° (goat-),meṇḍaka° (ram-),oṭṭha° (camel-?),khara° (donkey-).Cp.Miln.276.-- yāna is one of the requisites (carriage or other means of locomotion) of the bhikkhu &#38; as such included in the deyya-dhamma or 14 gifts (see yañña &#38; deyya-dh.).Thus mentioned with anna pāna vattha etc.at S.I,94; A.II,85; Pug.51.-- Cp.the def<sup>n</sup> &#38; application of the term yāna as given below under yāna-sannidhi.-- See e.g.the foll.passages:Vin.I,191 (bhikkhū yānena yāyanti ...na bhikkhave yānena yāyitabbaṁ; yo yāyeyya etc.:here a “carriage” is expressly forbidden to the bhikkhu!),231 (Ambapālī bhadrāni-bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā bhadraṁ yānaṁ abhirūhitvā ...),242 (same phrase with Meṇḍaka gahapati); D.I,7,89,106; M.I,366 (yānaṁ poroseyyaṁ pavara-maṇi-kuṇḍalaṁ,where vv.ll.on p.561 read voropeyya and oropeyya,which Neumann (unwarrantedly) adopts in his trsl<sup>n</sup>:Mittl.Sammlung<sup>2</sup> 1921,II.666; the C.accepts reading poroseyya with expl<sup>n</sup> “puris-anucchavikaṁ yānaṁ”); Dh.323 (=hatthiyānādīni DhA.IV,6); J.III,525 sq.; V,59; VI,223 (=ratha); Kvu 599 (Erāvaṇo hatthināgo sahassa-yuttaṁ dibbaṁ yānaṁ; trsl<sup>d</sup> as “the wondrous elephant E.the thousand-wise yoked celestial mount.” trsl.p.347 (lit.vehicle) Pv III,2<sup>28</sup> (=ratha or vayha etc.PvA.186); PvA.113.-- iddhi-yāna carriage of magic power Miln.276; deva° godly carriage Miln.276; applied to the 8 fold Aryan Path at Sn.139 (=devalokaṁ yāpetuṁ samatthatā ...aṭṭha-samāpatti-yānaṁ SnA 184).Similarly of the Path:magg’aṭṭhaṅgika-yāna (--yāyinī) Th.2,389 (=aṭṭhaṅgika-magga-saṅkhāta ariya-yāna ThA.257); and brahma-yāna dhamma-yāna “the very best &#38; excellent carriage” as Ep.of magga S.V,5,cp.J.IV,100.Cp.the later terms mahā and hīna-yāna.See also yānikata.<br><br> --ugghata shaking or jolting of the carriage Vin.II,276; DhA.III,283.--gata having ascended the carriage D.I,126.--puṭosā (°puṭoḷī) provision bag on a carriage (provision for the journey?) Vism.328 (so read for paṭṭoli).--bhūmi carriage-ground,i.e.the road as far as accessible to a carriage D.I,89; Sn.418.--sannidhi storing up of carriages or means of locomotion D.I,6 (with expl<sup>n</sup> at DA.I,82 as follows:yānaṁ nāma vayhaṁ ratho sakaṭaṁ sandamānikā pataṅkī ti.Na pan’etaṁ pabbajitassa yānaṁ,upāhanā yānaṁ pana); Sn.924 (=anna-pāna-vattha-yāna-sannidhi Nd<sup>1</sup> 372).--sukha pleasures of riding and driving Kvu 209; cp.Kvu trsl.127.(Page 553) ,4,1
  16057. 498930,en,15,yanaka,yānaka,Yānaka,Yānaka,(nt.) [fr.yāna] a (small) cart,carriage,waggon,vehicle J.III,49 (°ṁ pūretvā,or a hunter’s cart); IV,45; DhA.I,325 (sukha°),391 (pakati°,an ordinary waggon).--°ṁ pājeti to drive a cart J.II,112,143; III,51.<br><br> --upatthambha(na) waggon-prop KhA 44 (°ni v.l.see Appendix to Index Pj.); VbhA.234 (°nika; illustrating the shape of the teeth).(Page 553) ,6,1
  16058. 499028,en,15,yanika,yānika,Yānika,Yānika, &#38; Yāniya (adj.) (--°) [fr.yāna] 1.(lit.) leading to,conducive to,as °yāniya in deva° magga D.I,215, &#38; Brahma° magga the way leading to the Brahma-world D.I,220.-- 2.(in appl<sup>d</sup> meaning,cp.yānikata) °yānika one who has become used to,whose habit it is ...in vipassanā° &#38; samatha° at Vism.588.(Page 553) ,6,1
  16059. 499033,en,15,yanikata,yānikata,Yānikata,Yānikata,[yāna+kata,with i for a in comp<sup>n</sup> with <em>kṛ</em>,perhaps also in analogy with bahulī-kata] made a habit of,indulged in,acquired,mastered (cp.expl<sup>n</sup> Ps.I,172:“yattha yattha ākaṅkhati tattha tattha vasippatto hoti balappatto etc.”).The expression is to be com‹-› pared with <i>yatânuyāgin </i>&<i> yātrā</i>,similarly to which it is used only in one stock phrase.It comes very near yātrā in meaning “that which keeps one going,” i.e.an acquired &#38; thoroughly mastered habit,an “altera natura.” It is not quite to the point when Dial II.110 (following Childers?) translate as “to use as a vehicle.” -- Occurring with identical phraseology,viz.<i>bahulīkata yāni-kata vatthu-kata anuṭṭhita paricita susamāraddha</i> in application to the 4 <i>iddhipādā</i> at D.II,103; A.IV,309; S.V,260; Miln.140; to <i>mettā</i> at M.III,97; S.I,116; II,264; IV,200; V,259; A.V,342; J.II,61; Miln.198.Expl<sup>d</sup> at Ps.I,172,cp.II.122,130.(Page 553) ,8,1
  16060. 499042,en,15,yanin,yānin,Yānin,Yānin,(adj.) [fr.yāna] one who drives in a carriage J.III,525=IV.223 (where read yānī va for yān iva).At the latter passage the C.somewhat obscurely expl<sup>s</sup> as “sappi-tela-yānena gacchanto viya”; at III,526 the expl<sup>n</sup> is simply “yānena gacchanto viya.” (Page 554) ,5,1
  16061. 499052,en,15,yanna,yañña,Yañña,Yañña,[Vedic yajña,fr.<em>yaj</em><i>:</i> see yajati.The metric reading in the Veda is sometimes <i>yajana</i>,which we are inclined to look upon as not being the source of the P.yajana] 1.a brahmanic sacrifice.-- 2.almsgiving,charity,a gift to the Saṅgha or a bhikkhu.The brahmanic ritual of Vedic times has been given a changed and deeper meaning.Buddhism has discarded the outward and cruel form and has widened its sphere by changing its participant,its object as well as the means and ways of “offering,” so that the yañña now consists entirely in a worthy application of a worthy gift to a worthy applicant.Thus the direct and as it were self-understood definition of yañña is at Nd<sup>2</sup> 523 given with “yañño vuccati <i>deyyadhammo</i>,” and as this the 14 constituents of the latter are enum<sup>d</sup>; consisting of the 4 paccayas,and of anna,pāna,vattha,yāna,mālā,gandhā,vilepana,seyya,avasatha,padīpeyya.Cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 373.-- The term <i>parikkhāra</i>,which refers to the requisites of the bhikkhu as well (see DA.I,204--207),is also used in the meaning of “accessory instrument” concerning the brahmanic sacrifice:see D.I,129 sq.137 sq.They are there given as 16 parikkhāras,as follows:(4) cattāro anumati-pakkhā viz.the 4 groups khattiyas,ministers,brahmans and householders,as colleagues by consent; (8) aṭṭhaṅgāni of a king-sacrificer; (4) cattār’aṅgāni of a purohita.‹-› The term <i>mahāyañña</i> refers to the brahmanic ritual (so at M.II,204; DhsA.145,cp.Expositor 193); its equivalent in Buddhist literature is mahādāna,for which yañña is also used at Pv.II,9<sup>50</sup> (cp.PvA.134).‹-› The Jātakas are full of passages referring to the ineffectiveness and cruelty of the Brahmanic sacrifice,e.g.J.III,518 sq.; VI,211 sq. &#38; cp.Fick,Sociale Gliederung,p.146 sq.One special kind of sacrifice is the <i>sabba-catukkayañña</i> or the sacrifice of tetrads,where four of each kind of gifts,as elephants,horses,bulls,and even men were offered:J.I,335; III,44,45; PvA.280.The number 4 here has the meaning of evenness,completeness,or harmony,as we find it freq.in the notion of the square with ref.to Vimānas &#38; lotus ponds (in J.Vv &#38; Pv etc.); often also implying awfulness &#38; magic,as attached e.g.to cross-roads.Cp.the Ep.of niraya (Purgatory) “catu-dvāra” (esp.at Pv.I,10).See cpds.of catur.-- It may also refer to the 4 quarters of the sky,as belonging to the 4 Guardians of the World (lokapālā) who were specially worth offering to,as their influence was demonic (cp.Pv.I,4).<br><br> The prevailing meaning of yañña in the Suttapiṭaka is that of “gift,oblation to the bhikkhu,almsgiving.“ Cp.Sn.295,461,484,1043.At Vv 34<sup>26</sup> the epithets “su-dinna,su-huta,su-yiṭṭha” are attributed to <i>dāna</i>.-- The 3 constituents which occur under dāna &#38; deyyadhamma as the gift,the giver and the recipient of the gift (i.e.the Saṅgha:cp.opening stanza Pv I<sup>1</sup>) are similarly enum<sup>d</sup> under yañña (or yaññapatha) as “ye yaññaṁ (viz.cīvaraṁ etc.) esanti” those who wish for a gift,“ye yaññaṁ abhisaṅkharonti” those who get it ready,and “ye yaññaṁ denti” those who give it,at Nd<sup>2</sup> 70 (under appamatta).Similarly we find the threefold division of “yañña” (=cīvara etc.),“yaññayājaka” (=khattiyā,brāhmaṇā etc.including all 8 classes of men:see Nd<sup>2</sup> p.129 s.v.khattiya,quoted under jana<sup>b</sup>),and “dakkhiṇeyya” (the recipient of the gift,viz.samaṇa-brāhmaṇā,kapaṇ’addhikā vanibbakā,yācakā) at Nd<sup>2</sup> 449<sup>b</sup> (under puthū).-- Cp.the foll.(mixed) passages:D.I,97,128--144 (brahmanic criticised); II,353,354 (profitable and unprofitable,criticised); M.I,82 (brahm.); S.I,76,160; II,42 sq.63,207; III,337; IV,41; A.I,166; II,43 (nirārambhaṁ yaññaṁ upasaṅkamanti arahanto,cp.DhsA.145); Sn.308 (brahm.),568 (aggihutta-mukhā yaññā:the sacrifices to Agni are the best; brahm.); Th.1,341; J.I,83,343; III,517 (°ṁ yajati; brahm.); IV,66; V,491,492; VI,200 (yañña-kāraka-brāhmaṇa),211 sq.; DA.I,267; DhA.II,6.<br><br> <i>--âgāra</i> a hall for sacrifices Pug.56 (=yañña-sālā PugA 233).<i>--āvāṭa</i> the sacrificial pit D.I,142,148; J.I,335; III,45,517; VI,215 (where reading yaññavāṭa,cp.yaññavāṭaka at Cp.I.7<sup>2</sup>).It has been suggested by Kern,Toev,s.v.and it seems more to the sense,to read yañña-<i>vāṭa</i> for yanñ’āvāṭa,i.e.enclosed place for sacrifice.Thus at all passages for °āvāṭa.<i>--kāla</i> a suitable (or the proper) time for sacrifice D.I,137; Sn.458,482; DA.I,297.<i>--upanīta</i> one who has been brought to the sacrifice S.I,168 (trsl.K.S.211 not quite to the point:“the oblation is brought.” Reading is uncertain; v.l.<i>°opanīta</i> which may be read as <i>opavīta</i> “wearing the sacrificial cord”:see foll.).<i>--opavīta</i> (?) [see upavīta] in phrase yaññ’opavīta-kaṇṭhā “having the (sacrificial,i.e.) alms-cord wound round their necks” SnA 92 (v.l.BB yaññ-opacita-kammā).Cp.yañña-suttaka.<i>--patha</i> [cp.patha<sup>2</sup>] (way of) sacrificing,sacrifice Sn.1045; Nd<sup>2</sup> 524 (yañño y’eva vuccati yañña-patho); J.VI,212,215.<i>--vaṇṇa</i> praise of sacrifice J.VI,200.<i>--vidhāna</i> the arrangement or celebration of a sacrifice J.VI,202.<i>--sampadā</i> success of the sacrifice D.I,128 sq.(in its threefold mode),134,143,144; Sn.505,509.<i>--sāmin</i> lord or giver of a sacrifice D.I,143.<i>--suttaka</i> “sacrificial string,” i.e.alms-cord (the sign of a mendicant) DhA.II,59.Cp.above:°opavīta.(Page 547) ,5,1
  16062. 499152,en,15,yannata,yaññatā,Yaññatā,Yaññatā,(f.) [abstr.fr.yañña] “sacrificiality,” the function or ceremony of a sacrifice J.VI,202 (=yañña-vidhāna C.).(Page 547) ,7,1
  16063. 499215,en,15,yannuna,yannūna,Yannūna,Yannūna,see ya° 2°.<i> </i> (Page 550) ,7,1
  16064. 499231,en,15,yanta,yanta,Yanta,Yanta,(nt.) [Vedic yantra,a kind of n.ag.formation fr.<em>yam</em> to hold by means of a string or bridle,etc.Idg.<i>*em </i>&<i> *ịem</i>,as in Lat.emo to take &#38; red-imio.] a means for holding,contrivance,artifice,instrument,machine,mechanism; fig.instrumentality (as perhaps in,kamma° at Th.passages).-- Referring to the machinery (outfit) of a ship (as oars,helm,etc.) J.IV,163 (sabbayant’ûpapanna=piy’--ârittā etc.C.); Miln.379.To mechanism in general (mechanical force) J.V,333 (°vegena=with the swiftness of machinery).To a sugar-mill Miln.166; usually as <i>ucchu-yanta</i> J.I,25,339 (°yante gaṇṭhikā),cp.ucchūnaṁ yanta DhA.IV,199.--<i>tela-yanta</i> (-cakka) (the wheel of) an oil mill J.I,25.--<i>dāru-yanta a</i> wooden machine (i.e.a mechanical man with hands &#38; feet moved by pulling of strings) DA.I,197; Vism.595 (quoted as simile).--<i>kamma-yanta</i> the machinery of Kamma Th.1,419 (i.e.its instrumentality,not,as trsl<sup>n</sup> “car”; cp.Brethren 217:“it breaks in pieces K’s living car,” evidently influenced by C.expl<sup>n</sup> “attabhāva-yanta”),574 (similarly:see discussed under yantita).Note.yantāni at Nd<sup>2</sup> 529 (on Sn.48 saṅghaṭṭa-yantām) is expl<sup>d</sup> as “dhuvarāni.” The spelling &#38; meaning of the latter is not clear.It must refer to bracelets.‹-› Cp.SnA 96 valayāni.<br><br> <i>--ākaḍḍhana</i> pulling the machine Vism.258=VbhA.241.<i>--cakkha-yaṭṭhi</i> the stick of the wheel of a (sugar-) mill VbhA.60.<i>--nāḷi</i> a mechanical tube DhA.III,215.<i>--pāsāṇa</i> an aerolite (?) J.III,258 (read °pāsāṇo).<i>--phalakāni</i> the boards of a machine Vism.258.<i>--yutta</i> combined by machinery J.VI,432.<i>--sutta</i> the string of a machine (or mill).Vism.258 (as °ka)=VbhA.241.<i>--hatthi</i> a mechanical (automatic) elephant DhA.I,192 (of King Caṇḍa-pajjota; cp.the horse of Troy).(Page 550) ,5,1
  16065. 499249,en,15,yantaka,yantaka,Yantaka,Yantaka,(nt.) [fr.yanta] a bolt Vin.II,148 (vihārā aguttā honti ...anujānāmi yantakaṁ sūcikan ti),cp.Vin.Texts III,162; DA.I,200 (kuñcikā+); DhA.I,220 (yantakaṁ deti to put the bolt to,to lock up).(Page 550) ,7,1
  16066. 499316,en,15,yanteti,yanteti,Yanteti,Yanteti,[denom.fr.yanta.Dhtm 809 gives a root <em>yant</em> in meaning of “saṅkocane,” i.e.contraction] to set into motion,to make go,impel,hurl J.I,418 (sakkharaṁ aṅguliyā yantetvā); pp.<i>yantita</i>.(Page 550) ,7,1
  16067. 499320,en,15,yanti,yanti,Yanti,Yanti,is 3<sup>rd</sup> pl.pres.of <em>yā</em><i>:</i> see yāti.-- Note.At D.II,269 we should combine yanti with preceding <i>visamā </i>&<i> sambādhā</i>,thus forming denom.verbs:<i>visamāyanti</i> “become uneven” and <i>sambādhāyanti</i> “become oppressed or tight.” The trsl<sup>n</sup> Dial II.305 gives just the opposite by reading incorrectly.(Page 550) ,5,1
  16068. 499330,en,15,yantita,yantita,Yantita,Yantita,[pp.of yanteti] made to go,set into motion,impelled Th.1,574:evâyaṁ vattati kāyo kamma-yantena yantito “impelled by the machinery of Karma”; trsl<sup>n</sup> Brethren 261 not quite to the point “carried about on Karma’s car.” Kern,Toev.s,v.quite out of place with “fettered,held,restrained,” in analogy to his trsl<sup>n</sup> of <i>yanta</i> id.Loc.with “fetter.” He may have been misled by Dhtm def<sup>n</sup> of <i>yant</i> as “saṅkocana” (see yanteti).(Page 550) ,7,1
  16069. 499348,en,15,yapana,yapana,Yapana,Yapana,see<i> yāpana</i>.<i> </i> (Page 550) ,6,1
  16070. 499359,en,15,yapana,yāpana,Yāpana,Yāpana,( &#38; yapana) (nt.) [fr.yāpeti.Cp.Epic &#38; Class.Sk.yāpana] keeping going,sustenance,feeding,nourishment,existence,living.Esp.in one standing comb<sup>n</sup> respecting the feeding and keeping of the body “<i>kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya</i> etc.” (for the maintenance of the body) in <i>yātrā</i> passage:see yātrā 2; in which it is expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.32 by “pavattiyā avicched’atthaṁ,cira-kāla-ṭṭhit’atthaṁ” i.e.for the preservation of life.- Further at J.I,66 (alam me ettakaṁ yāpanāya); V,387 (thokaṁ mama yāpana-mattaṁ eva); DhA.IV,210 (yāpana-mattaṁ dhanaṁ); PvA.28.-- Used more freq.together with shortened form <i>yapana</i>; in standard <i>phrase vutti pālana</i>,<i> yapana yāpana cāra</i> (cp.yapeti) at Vism.145; DhsA.149,167.Or similarly as f.with spelling <i>yapanā </i>&<i> yāpanā</i>:yapanā yāpanā iriyanā vattanā pālanā at Dhs.19,82,295,380,441,716.At DhsA.404 <i>yāpanā</i> is used as syn.of <i>yātrā</i>.(Page 554) ,6,1
  16071. 499408,en,15,yapaniya,yāpanīya,Yāpanīya,Yāpanīya,(adj.) [grd.formation fr.yāpeti] fit or sufficient for supporting one’s life Vin.I,59,212,253.-- Cp.BSk.<i>yāpanīyatara</i> a more healthy state Divy 110.(Page 554) ,8,1
  16072. 499479,en,15,yapeti,yapeti,Yapeti,Yapeti,<i> </i>see<i> yāpeti</i>.<i> </i> (Page 550) ,6,1
  16073. 499488,en,15,yapeti,yāpeti,Yāpeti,Yāpeti,( &#38; yapeti) [Caus.of yāti] 1.(lit.) -- (a) in caus.‹-› intensive as well as intrs.sense; in the latter also with short <i>ă</i> as <i>yapeti</i> and then comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>yāpeti</i>,in stock phrase defining <i>carati</i> “to go,” “to be” (or <i>viharati</i>) with synonyms <i>iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti</i> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 237; Vbh.252; DhsA.167.Besides singly (yapeti) at DhsA.149.-- (b) to cause to go,to make someone go (to),to bring to,lead to (Acc.) J.VI,458 (sasenāvāhanaṁ yāpesi); SnA 184 (devalokaṁ yāpetuṁ samattha fit to bring one to the d-world).-- (c) to get on,move,to be active DhA.I,10 (sarīre yāpente); IV,17 (iriyāpathena).-- 2.(fig.) to keep going (both trs. &#38; intrs.),to keep up,esp.to keep oneself going or alive,to live by (Instr.) [cp.BSk.yāpayati Divy 93,150,196,292,293,471,488,AvŚ I.209] D.I,166 (ekissā dattiyā on only one alms); Pug.56; J.II,204; III,67; IV,125; VI,532 (uñchena); Pv.I,5<sup>7</sup> (ito dinnena yāpenti petā); I,11<sup>7</sup>; III,2<sup>8</sup> (tava dinnena yāpessanti kurūrino); PvA.27,29 (=attabhāvaṁ yāpeti=upajīvati).(Page 554) ,6,1
  16074. 499525,en,15,yapya,yāpya,Yāpya,Yāpya,(adj.) [shortened grd.-formation for yāpanīya.*Sk.yāpya in slightly diff.meaning] 1.(lit.) fit for movement or locomotion:in <i>°yāna</i> sedan-chair,palanquin Abhp.373.-- 2.(fig.) concerning the preservation of life,vital,in <i>°rogin</i> one who suffers from a vital disease,lit.a disease concerning the upkeep of the body Vism.33 (trsl<sup>n</sup> Path of Purity 39:“patient of long-suffering,” from a different point of view,viz.of time only,like Bdhgh.).(Page 554) ,5,1
  16075. 499727,en,15,yasassimant,yasassimant,Yasassimant,Yasassimant,(adj.) [double adj.ending; yasas+vin+ mant] splendid,glorious,full of splendour J.V,63 (pāvako yasassimā=teja-sampattiyā yassassinīhi accīhi yutto C.).(Page 551) ,11,1
  16076. 499731,en,15,yasassin,yasassin,Yasassin,Yasassin,(adj.) [Vedic yaśasvin] glorious,famous,renowned,having all endowments or comforts of life (as expl<sup>d</sup> at Nd<sup>2</sup> 530:yasappatta,sakkata,lābhī etc.) D.I,48 (ñāta+); A.II,34; Sn.179,298,343,1117; Pv.I,4<sup>1</sup>; III,1<sup>17</sup>; III,3<sup>5</sup>; III,10<sup>8</sup>; Vv 15<sup>9</sup> (=kittimant parivāravant VvA.73); DA.I,143; PvA.10; Sdhp.420.-- f.<i>yasassinī</i> shining,resplendent J.V,64.(Page 551) ,8,1
  16077. 499760,en,15,yasavant,yasavant,Yasavant,Yasavant,(adj.) [cp.Vedic yaśasvat] famous,having renown A.II,64 (dīghāyu+).(Page 551) ,8,1
  16078. 499796,en,15,yaso,yaso,Yaso,Yaso, &#38; Yasa (nt.) [Vedic yaśaḥ (nt.).The word follows the <i>a°</i> declension,but preserves &#38; favours the Instr.<i>yasasā</i> after the <i>s°</i> decl.(like mano,ceto etc,),e.g.at J.I,134.-- In the Nom. &#38; Acc.sg.both forms <i>yaso </i>&<i> yasa(ṁ)</i> occur; in cpds.the form <i>yasa°</i> is the usual; yaso as masc.is found at Sn.438] glory,fame,repute,success,high position.On term as used with ref.to the brahmin see Fick,Sociale Gliederung 128,129 ‹-› The prevailing idea of Dhammapāla is that yaso consists of a great retinue, &#38; company of servants,followers etc.This idea is already to be found at D.I,118=126 where y.is founded on <i>parisā</i> (cp.DA.I,143 on D.I,48; DA.I,298:yasasā ti āṇā-ṭhapana-samatthatāya).See e.g.VvA.122 (yaso=parivāra); PvA.137 (yasasā= mahati parivāra-sampattiyā); cp.J.I,134 (rājā mahantena yasena uppanaṁ gacchati).-- D.I,137 (as quality of a king); III,260,286; J.IV,275 sq.(dibba y.as one of the 10 qualities of greatness,viz.divine duration of life,complexion,happiness,fame,power,and the 5 sense-objects rūpa,sadda,gandha,rasa,phoṭṭhabba.The same 10 are found at Pv.II,9<sup>58,59</sup>); A.I,15; II,32,66,188; III,31,47 sq.; IV,95,195 sq.; Dh.24,303 (+bhoga); Th.1,554; Nd<sup>1</sup> 147; Pv III,3<sup>5</sup> (=dev’iddhi PvA.189); Vv 29<sup>1</sup>; J.I,134; VI,468; Miln.291 (bhoga+); Vism.393; Sdhp.306,518.-- <i>yasaṁ deti</i> to give credit J.I,180.<i>mahā-yaso</i> great fame J.I,46 (v.266),cp.<i>yas-agga</i> the highest (of) fame J.I,51,where coupled with <i>lābh-agga</i> the greatest gain.The latter comb<sup>n</sup> is stereotype in the Niddesa (see e.g.Nd<sup>2</sup> 55),where the 4 worldly ideals are given in sequence lābha,yaso,pasaṁsā,sukha.-- With <i>kitti</i> we find yaso at Sn.817 (see def<sup>n</sup> &#38; exegesis at Nd<sup>1</sup> 147).-- Opp.<i>ayasa</i> D.III,260,286; A.II,188; IV,157 sq.<br><br> <i>--dāyika</i> giving (or a giver of) repute J.VI,285.<i>--mada</i> pride of fame VbhA.467.<i>--mahatta</i> greatness of fame Vism.233.<i>--lābha</i> the gain of fame J.III,516 (+dhanalābha).(Page 551) ,4,1
  16079. 499881,en,15,yata,yata,Yata,Yata,[pp.of <em>yam</em>] held,checked,controlled,restrained,careful S.II,15,50; Sn.78,220,1079 (=yatta,paṭiyatta,gutta etc.Nd<sup>2</sup> 525); J.VI,294 (C.appamatta; Kern,Toev.s.v.proposes reading yatta for yata Vism.201 (?).Esp.in two phrases:<i>yat-atta</i> (yata+attan) selfcontrolled,one whose heart is kept down D.I,57 (cp.Dial.I.75); Sn.216,490,723; DA.I,168.--<i>yata-cārin</i> living in self-restraint,living or behaving carefully Sn.971 (=yatta paṭiyatta gutta etc.Nd<sup>1</sup> 498); Miln.300 (+samāhita-citta,where Kern,Toev.s.v.proposes to read yatta-cārin for yata°).A similar passage at Th.1,981 reads yathā-cārin (q.v.for further expl<sup>n</sup>).‹-› Cp.<i>saṁyata</i> &#38; see also <i>yatta</i>.(Page 548) ,4,1
  16080. 499892,en,15,yata,yāta,Yāta,Yāta,[pp.of yāti] going,gone,proceeded; habit,custom; only in cpd.<i>Yāt’ânuyāyin</i> going on according to what (or as it) has gone,i.e.following old habits J.VI,309,310; expl<sup>d</sup> by C.as “pubba-kārinā yātassa puggalassa anuyāyī,paṭhamaṁ karonto yāti nāma pacchā karonto anuyāyati.” The usual Sk.phrase is gat-ânugatika.Cp.yātrā,yānikata.(Page 552) ,4,1
  16081. 499914,en,15,yatana,yatana,Yatana,Yatana,(nt.) [fr.<em>yat</em>,cp.Epic Sk.yatna] endeavour,undertaking J.V,346 (C.expl<sup>s</sup> samosaraṇa-ṭṭhāna?); Dhtp 121 (in expl<sup>n</sup> of yatati<sup>1</sup>).(Page 548) ,6,1
  16082. 499945,en,15,yatati,yatati,Yatati,Yatati,<sup>2</sup> [unidentified,perhaps as expl<sup>n</sup> of yati?] is given in meaning of “lead out” (?) at Dhtp 580 (“niyyātane”) and Dhtm 813 (id.).(Page 548) ,6,1
  16083. 499946,en,15,yatati,yatati,Yatati,Yatati,<sup>1</sup> [<em>yat</em>,given by Dhtp 121 in meaning “yatana,” by Dhtm 175 as “paṭiyatana”] to exert oneself,strive,endeavour,to be cautious or careful; ppr.<i>yataṁ</i> It.120 (care,tiṭṭhe,acche etc.; Seidenstūcker trsl<sup>s</sup> “gezügelt,” thus taking it in meaning of yata).-- pp.<i>yatta</i>.(Page 548) ,6,1
  16084. 499977,en,15,yatha,yathā,Yathā,Yathā,(adv.) [fr.ya°; Vedic <i>yathā;</i> cp.kathā,tathā] as,like,in relation to,after (the manner of).-- As prep.(with Acc.):according (to some condition,norm or rule):yathā <i>kāmaṁ</i> (already Vedic) according to his desire,after his liking PvA.113,136; y.<i>kālaṁ</i> in time,timely PvA.78; <i>matiṁ</i> to his own mind or intention Pv IV.1<sup>67</sup>; <i>ruciṁ</i> to his satisfaction,amply,satisfactorily PvA.88,126,242; <i>vibhavaṁ</i> Acc.to their wealth,i.e.plentifully PvA.53; <i>sukhaṁ</i> as they liked or pleased PvA.133.Sometimes with Loc.:yathā <i>padese</i> “according to place,” in the right place J.III,391.Or Instr.:y.<i>sattiyā</i> as much as you can DhA.I,92; y.<i>manena</i> from his heart,sincerely,voluntarily DhA.I,42.-- Also with ger.yathā <i>haritvā</i> according to his taking (or reward:see under cpd.°bhata) It.14 (y.h.nikkhipeyya,which Seidenstücker,not doing justice to context translates “so wie man etwas nimmt und dann wegwirft”).With foll.adj.expressing something like “as it were” and often untranslateable (see cpds.) -- As conjunction:“as if,” or “so that”:yathā mata like dead Dh.21; <i>yathā na</i> “in order that not”:Vism.31 (y.sarīre ābādhaṁ na uppādeti,evaṁ tassa vinodan’atthaṁ); DhA.I,311 (y.assa patitaṭthānaṁ na passāmi,tathā naṁ chaḍḍessāmi:so that I shall not see ...thus shall I throw him).-- As adv.just,as,so,even; in comb<sup>n</sup> with other particles:yathā <i>kathaṁ pana</i> how so then,how is it then that S.II,283 (cp.yathā tathaṁ under cpds.); yathā <i>kiṁ viya</i> somewhat like this Miln.91; yathā <i>pana</i> like as DhA.I,158; <i>yatha-r-iva</i> (for yathā-iva) just as D.I,90; yathā <i>pi </i>.<i> </i>.<i> </i>.<i> evaṁ</i> just as ...so Dh.51--52.--<i>yatha-</i>yidaṁ (for yathā-idaṁ) positive:“as just this,” “so that,” “e.g.” “like,” “i.e.”; after negation “but” It.8,9 (na aññaṁ ...yathayidaṁ); Sn.1092 (tvañ ca me dīpam akkhāhi,yathayidaṁ n’âparaṁ siyā “so that there be no further ill”; cp.SnA 597).See also the enlarged forms seyyathā &#38; seyyathīdaṁ.-- In correlation with <i>tathā:</i> the same ...as,like ...as,as ...so; Pv.I,12<sup>3</sup> (yath’āgato tathā-gato as he has come so has he gone).Often elliptically in direct juxtaposition:<i>yathā tathā</i> in whatever way,in such &#38; such a manner; so and so,according to the occasion; also “correctly,truly,in reality” Sn.504 (tvaṁ h’ettha jānāsi y.t.<i>idaṁ</i>); PvA.199 (y.t.vyākāsi).See <i>yathā-</i> <i>tathaṁ</i> under cpds.About phrase yathā taṁ see yathātaṁ.-- For further refs.on the use of yathā see Indexes to Saṁyutta (S VI,81 s.v.yathābhūtaṁ); Aṅguttara (A.VI,91 ibid.); Sutta-Nipāta (Index p.751); &#38; Dhammapada.<br><br> <i>--ânudhammaṁ</i> according to the rules (leading to enlightenment) Sn.963,cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 481.<i>--ânurūpa</i> suitable,proper Mhvs 28,42.<i>--ânusiṭṭhaṁ</i> in accordance with what has been taught DhA.I,158.<i>--âbhirantaṁ</i> (adv.nt.of ppr.) to (their) heart’s content,as much (or as long) as one likes Vin.III,145; Sn.53; DhA.I,385; VvA.181.<i>--āraddha</i> [=ālabdha] as much as was to be had,sufficient Vin.III,160.<i>--ârahaṁ</i> (nt.adv.) as is fit or proper,seeming,fitful,appropriately,duly (cp.Cpd.111<sup>1</sup>,118<sup>2</sup>) S.I,226; Sn.403; Pv.II,9<sup>23</sup>; PvA.78,132 (yathā codanaṁ v.l.SS),287; VvA.139.So to be read at all Pv &#38; PvA.passages for T.yathā rahaṁ.Very freq.in Mhvs.e.g.3,27; 5,148; 7,70; 14,54; 20,8; 22,58.<i>--âlaṅkata</i> dressed as he was,in full (state-) dress DhA.III,79.<i>--âvajjaṁ</i> “as if to be blamed,” i.e.(imitating) whatever is faulty,mimicry of deformities (as a forbidden pastime) D.I,7 (=kāṇakuṇi-khañj’ādīnaṁ yaṁ yaṁ vajjaṁ taṁ taṁ payojetvā dassana-kīḷā DA.I,86); Vin.II,10.<i>--icchitaṁ</i> according to one’s wish,as he liked,after his heart’s content J.I,27 (v.188)=Bu II.179; is preferably to be read as <i>yad-</i>icchitaṁ at all PvA.passages,e.g.PvA.3 (°ṁ dento),110 (°ṭhāna whichever place I like),265 (where T.has yat°).The ed.of Mhvs however reads <i>yath°</i> throughout; e.g.7,22; 22,50.<i>--odhi</i> as far as the limit,final,utmost M.I,37; J.III,302.<i>--odhika</i> to (its or their) full extent,altogether,only in phrase yathodhikāni kāmāni Sn.60 (cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 526); J.III,381 (C.not quite to the point with expl<sup>n</sup> “attano odhivasena ṭhitāni,” giving variant yatodhikāni,with expl<sup>n</sup> “yato uparato odhi etesan ti yatodhikāni uparata-koṭṭhāsāni”); IV,487 (with better C.expl<sup>n</sup>:“yena yena odhinā thitāni tena tena ṭhitān’eva jahissāmi,na kiñce avasissāmī ti attho”); V,392 (C.:“yathāṭhita-koṭṭhasāni”).<i>--kamma</i>‹11›(ṁ) according to one’s karma or action J.I,57,109; IV,1.Freq.in phrase <i>yathā-kamm-ûpage satte</i> (pajānāti) “(he recognises) the beings passing away (or undergoing future retribution) Acc.to their deeds” D.I,82; M.I,482; II,21; III,178; S.II,122; A.IV,141,178,422; V,35; Sn.587; It.99; and <i>yathā-kamm-ûpaga-ñāṇa</i> “the knowledge of specific retribution” Vism.433 sq.; Tikp 321; VbhA.373 sq.(°catuttha).<i>--kāmaṁ</i> according to wish,at random (see above); ° --karaṇiya to be done or dealt with ad lib.i.e.a victim,prey S.II,226; IV,91,159; It.56.<i>--kārin</i> as he does It.122 (corresp.to tathāvādin).<i>--kālaṁ</i> according to time,in one time Mhvs 5,180.<i>--kkamaṁ</i> Acc.to order,in one order or succession Mhvs 4,54; Sdhp.269.<i>--cārin</i> virtuous (for the usual yatacārin as indicated by C.expl<sup>n</sup> yata kāyādīhi sanyati:see Brethren,p.342!) Th.1,981 (trsl.“Whoso according to his powers is virtuous”).<i>--ṭhita</i> so-being,such &#38; such,as they are,as they were J.V,392; VvA.256.<i>--tathaṁ</i> according to truth,true &#38; real (corresponding to yathā tathā adv.:see above) It.122 (here as Nom.sg.:as he is in one respect,so in the other,i.e.perfect); Sn.1127 (=yathā ācikkhitabbaṁ tathā ācikkhi Nd<sup>2</sup> 527); Th.1,708 (diṭṭhe dhamme yathātathe:is reading correct? perhaps better as yathātathā,cp.trsl<sup>n</sup> Brethren 292:“the truths are seen e’en as they really are”); Dpvs III,2 (so read for yathā-kathaṁ; v.l.has °tathaṁ); V,64 (pañhaṁ byākarohi yathātathaṁ).<i>--dhamma</i> (used as adj. &#38; adv.<i>°ṁ</i>) “one according to the law,” i.e.as the rule prescribes; nt.according to the rule put down.See Vin.Texts I.203; Geiger,Dhamma,p.19,67.‹-› Vin.I,135 (yo uddiseyya,yathā-dhammo kāretabbo),168 (yo pavāreyya,y.-dhammo kāretabbo),191 (yo māreyya y.-dh.k.); II,67 (ubho pi <i>yathādhammaṁ</i> kārāpetabbā),132 (yo ajjhohareyya,y.-dhammo kāretabbo); IV,126 (yo jānaṁ (i.e.knowing) yathādhammaṁ nihat’âdhikaraṇaṁ punakammāya ukkoṭeyya,pācittiyan ti i.e.a dispute settled in proper form; with expl<sup>n</sup>:y.-dhammaṁ nāma dhammena vinayena satthu sāsanena kataṁ),144 (na tassa ...mutti atthi yañ ca tattha āpattiṁ āpanno tañ ca yathādhammo kāretabbo,uttari c’assa moho āropetabbo).Cp.the foll.passages; as adj.:Vin.I,205; II,132,142,263; M.III,10; Miln.195; as adv.:with <i>paṭikaroti</i> (to atone,make amends) Vin.I,173,315; II,126; IV,19; D.I,85; III,55; M.III,247; S.II,128,205; A.I,103,238; II,146; IV,377; cp.yathādhammaṁ paṭigaṇhāti S.I,239; A.I,59,103.At S.III,171 yathādhammaṁ is used in the sense of “according to the truth,or reality,” where yathā-bhūtaṁ takes its place; similarly at Th.1,188.<i>--dhota</i> as if it were washed (so to speak),clean,unsoiled DhA.I,196; cp.MVastu I.301 yathā-dhauta.<i>--pasādhanaṁ</i> according to a clear state of mind,to one’s gratification Dh.249 (=attano pasād’ânurūpaṁ DhA.III,359).<i>--puggalaṁ</i> according to the individual,individually Pv III,5<sup>1</sup> (read yathāpu°).<i>--pūrita</i> as full as could be,quite full J.I,101.<i>--phāsuka</i> comfortable,pleasant DhA.I,8.<i>--balaṁ</i> according to one’s power or means DhA.I,107 (v.l.°satti); Sdhp.97; Mhvs 5,180.<i>--buḍḍha</i> see <i>°vuḍḍha</i>.<i> --bhataṁ</i> is an unexpl<sup>d</sup> a(/pac legomέnon,difficult of analysis because occurring in only one ster.phrase,viz.<i>yathā bhataṁ nikkhitto evaṁ niraye</i> ( &#38; sagge) at M.I,71; S.IV,325 (where T.has yathāhataṁ,v.l.bhataṁ); A.I,8,105,292,297; II,71,83; It.12,14,26.We have analyzed it as y.bhataṁ in Corr.to pt.3; vol.II.100 (“according to his upbringing”),but we should rather deviate from this expl<sup>n</sup> because the P.usage in this case would prefer the Nom.instead of the (adv.) Acc.nt.It remains doubtful whether we should separate yathā or yath’<i>ābhataṁ</i>.Suggestions of a trsl<sup>n</sup> are the foll.(1) “as soon as brought or taken” (see Dict.s.v.ābhata); (2) “as one has brought” (merit or demerit); thus taking ābhataṁ as irregular ger.of ā+<em>bhar</em>,trsl<sup>n</sup> suggested by the reading <i>āharitvā</i> (yathâharitvā) in the complementary stanzas at It.12 &#38; 14; (3) “according to merit or reward,” after Kern’s suggestion,Toev.s.v.to read yathā bhaṭaṁ,the difficulty being that bhaṭa is nowhere found as v.l.of bhata in this phrase; nor that bhaṭa occurs in the meaning of “reward.” -- There is a strong likelihood of <i>(ā)bhata</i> resembling <i>āhata</i> (āhaṭa?) in meaning “as brought,” on account of,cp.It context and reading at S.IV,325; still the phrase remains not sufficiently cleared up.– Seidenstūcker’s trsl<sup>n</sup> has been referred to above (under haritvā) as unbefitting.-- The suspicion of <i>yathābhataṁ</i> being a veiled (corrupted) <i>yathābhūtaṁ</i> has presented itself to us before (see vol.I.under ābhata).The meaning may suggest something like the latter,in as far as “in truth,” “surely” is not far off the point.Anyhow we shall have to settle on a meaning like “according to merit,” without being able to elucidate the phrase in all its details.-- There is another <i>yathābhataṁ</i> in passage ...ussavo hoti,yathābhataṁ lasuṇaṁ parikkhayaṁ agamāsi “the garlic diminished as soon as it was brought” Vin.IV,258.Here <i>ābhata</i> stands in rel.to <i>harāpeti</i> (to have it fetched &#38; brought) and is clearly pp.of <i>ābharati</i>.<i> --bhucca</i> as is the case,i.e.as one might expect,evident,real,in conformity with the truth D.I,12; II,222; Miln.183,351; Th.2,159 (=yathābhūtaṁ ThA.142); PvA.30,31 (°guṇā).<i>--bhutta</i> see bhutta.<i>--bhūta(ṁ)</i> in reality,in truth,really,definitely,absolutely; as ought to be,truthfully,in its real essence.Very freq.in var.combn<sup>ns</sup> which see collected &#38; classified as regards Saṁyutta &#38; Aṅguttara-Nikāyas in Index vols to these texts.E.g.S.IV,195 (vacanaṁ,Ep.of Nibbāna); V,440 (abhisamaya); Sn.194,202,653; Dh.203; PvA.215 (guṇa).yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti he knows as an absolute truth or in reality D.I,83,162; S.IV,188; V,304 &#38; passim; ditto yathābhūtaṁ jānāti passati Ps.II,62.Similarly with noun:yathābhūta-ñāṇa absolute knowledge S.V,144; Ps.II,63=Vism.605 (+sammādassana); Vism.438,629,695; VbhA.459 (=maggañāṇa); also as °ñāṇa-dassana in same meaning:A III,19,200; IV,99,336; V,2 sq.311 sq.; Ps.I,33,43 sq.; II,11 sq.; Nett 29.<i>--mano</i> according to (his) mind Sn.829; Nd<sup>1</sup> 170 (expl<sup>d</sup> as Nom.=yathācitto,yathāsaṅkappo,yathāviññāṇo).<i>--ruciṁ</i> according to pleasure or liking Mhvs 4,43 (ruci T.; ruciṁ v.l.; thus generally in Mhvs.); 5,230 (°ruci); 22,58 (°ruci).<i>--vādin</i> as speaking,as he speaks (followed by tathā-kārin so doing) D.II,224,229; Sn.357; It.122.<i>--vidhi(ṁ)</i> duly,fitly Mhvs 10,79.<i>--vihita</i> as appointed or arranged Mhvs 10,93.<i>--vuḍḍhaṁ</i> according to seniority Vin.II,221; Mhbv 90 (T.reads °buḍḍhaṁ).<i>--vutta(ṁ)</i> as is said,i.e.as mentioned,aforesaid,of this kind Mhvs 34,57; PvA.45,116 (°o puggalo).<i>--saka(ṁ)</i> each his own,according to his (or her) own,respective(ly) Vism.525; SnA 8,9; VvA.7; Mhvs 5,230 (here simply “their own”).<i>--sata</i> saintly (?),mindful Th.1,981 (cp.yathā cārin &#38; Brethren p.342).<i>--satti(ṁ)</i> according to one’s power S.IV,348 (+yathābalaṁ); DhA.I,107 (v.l.for °balaṁ); Sdhp.97.<i>--satthaṁ</i> according to the precepts,as law ordains M.III,10 (perhaps an error for yathāsaddha? ).<i>--saddhaṁ</i> Acc.to faith,as is one’s faith Dh.249.<i>--santhatika</i> accepting whatever seat is offered D.I,167; A.III,220; Pug.69; Th.1,855 --°aṅga one of the 13 dhutaṅgas Miln.342,359; Vism.61,78.<i>--sukhaṁ</i> according to ease,at ease,at will Th.1,77; Dh.326.(Page 548) ,5,1
  16085. 500982,en,15,yathatam,yathātaṁ,Yathātaṁ,Yathātaṁ,(adv.) [yathā+taṁ] as it is,as,as if Vin.III,5; S.I,124; M.I,253.The spelling in our books is <i>yathā taṁ</i> (in two words).(Page 550) ,8,1
  16086. 501065,en,15,yathava,yathāva,Yathāva,Yathāva,(adj.) [der.fr.yathā,as yathā+vant,after analogy of yāvant,but following the a-decl.cp.Epic Sk.yathāvat] having the character of being in accordance with (the truth or the occasion),real,true,just It.44 (santaṁ paṇītaṁ yathāvaṁ,nt.); Th.1,188,422 (°āloka-dassana seeing the real light); Miln.171 (°lakkhaṇa true characteristics); Vism.588 (as yāthāvasarasa),639 (id.).-- Abl.<i>yathāvato</i> (also found as <i>yāthāvato</i>,probably more correctly,being felt as a der.fr.yathā) according to fitness,fitfully,duly,truly,sufficiently PvA.60 (so read for yathā vato),128 (all MSS.yāthāvato!); ThA.256 (yā°; the expl<sup>n</sup> given by Morris,J.P.T.S.1889,208 is not correct).(Page 550) ,7,1
  16087. 501073,en,15,yathava,yāthāva,Yāthāva,Yāthāva,(adj.) [see yathāva.It is a comb<sup>n</sup> of a guṇader.fr.yathā and an adj.-der.of °vant] sufficient (lit.“just as much”; i.e.such as it is),sufficiently founded,logical,consistent,exact,definite,true Nd<sup>2</sup> 275 (where tatha is expl<sup>d</sup> by taccha,bhūta,yāthāva,aviparīta); DhsA.248 (where micchā-diṭṭhi is expl<sup>d</sup> as incorrect or illogical view.-- <i>yāthāvato</i> (Abl.) exactly,truly,consistently DA.I,65; ThA.256; VvA.232.See also yathāvato.-- The nearest synonyms of yāthāva are <i>aviparīta</i> (i.e.definite) and <i>yathābhūtaṁ</i>.See also <i>yathāva</i> and <i>yathāvaka</i>.<br><br> <i>--nāma</i> having the name of exactitude PvA.231 (+aviparīta-nāma).<i>--māna</i> pride of sufficiency or consistency VbhA.487 sq.(and a°).<i>--lakkhaṇa</i> possessing the characteristic of definiteness or logic Miln.171; Nett 27 (where avijjā is called “sabba dhammayāthāva-asampaṭivedha-lakkhaṇā”).<i>--vacana</i> exact,logical or true speech Miln.214 (taccha-vacana,yāthāvav.aviparīta-v.).<i>--sarasa</i> logical and with its essential (sa+rasa) properties Vism.588,639.(Page 553) ,7,1
  16088. 501112,en,15,yathavaka,yathāvaka,Yathāvaka,Yathāvaka,(adj.) [fr.yathāva] being according to reality or sufficiency,essential,true,real,sufficient Th.1,347; VbhA.409 (°vatthu,referring to the “māna”--division of the Khuddaka-vatthu Vbh.353 sq.cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 505≈) Should we read yāthāvaka°? (Page 550) ,9,1
  16089. 501403,en,15,yati,yati,Yati,Yati,[fr.<em>yat</em>,cp.Vedic yati leader,guide] a Buddhist monk Mhvs 5,37 (racchāgataṁ yatiṁ); 25,4; 30,26 (mattikā-dāyakaṁ yatiṁ); 32,32 (khīṇāsavassa yatino); Dāvs.IV,33 (yatī); Vism.79 (vikampeti Mārassa hadayaṁ yatī); PvA.287 (Instr.muni-vara-yatinā).(Page 548) ,4,1
  16090. 501420,en,15,yati,yāti,Yāti,Yāti,[Vedic yāti,or <em>yā</em>,which represents Idg <i>*ịā</i>,an amplified <i>*ē</i> as in eti (q.v.).Cp.Lat.janua door &#38; the Np.Janus (=January); Lith.jóti to ride,Mir.āth ford.-- The Dhtp 368 expl<sup>s</sup> <i>yā</i> more in appl<sup>d</sup> meaning as “papuṇane,” cp.Dhtm 596:pāpuṇe] to go,go on,to proceed,to go away; -- pres.1<sup>st</sup> <i>yāmi</i> Pv.II,8<sup>3</sup> (=gacchāmi PvA.107),Mhvs 10,3; 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>yāsi</i> J.I,291; Mhvs 10,2 (kuhiṁ yāsi?); 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>yāti</i> Sn.720 (tuṇhī y.mahodadhi); Dh.29,179,294,295; J.VI,311; Mhvs 5,47; DhA.I,18; 1<sup>st</sup> pl.<i>yāma</i> Mhvs 6,12 (kiṁ na y.v.l.kiṁ nu y.); 2<sup>nd</sup> <i>yātha</i>=imper.; 3<sup>rd</sup> <i>yanti</i> Sn.179,578,714; Dh.126,175,225 (see also note s.v.<i>yanti</i>); Pv.II,9<sup>16</sup> (=gacchanti PvA.120).-- imper.2<sup>nd</sup> sg.<i>yāhi</i> Pv.II,1<sup>6</sup> (read yajāhi?); Mhvs 13,15; 3<sup>rd</sup> sg.<i>yātu</i> Mhvs 29,17; 2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>yātha</i> Mhvs 14,29; DhA.I,93.‹-› ppr.<i>yanto</i> Mhvs 36,60 (pacchā y.walking behind) Gen.<i>yantassa</i> Mhvs 22,57 (assavegena y.).-- inf.<i>yātave</i> Sn.834.-- Another formation fr.<i>yā</i> is <i>yāyati</i> (see Geiger,P.Gr.§ 138),in an intensive meaning of “to drive,to move on quickly or by special means,” e.g.in phrase <i>yānena yāyati</i> to drive in a carriage Vin.I,191 (Pot.yāyeyya); II,276; Sn.654 (ppr.:rathass’āṇī va yāyato) 418 (ger.:yānabhūmiṁ yāyitvā yānā oruyha); J.VI,125.As “march” at J.VI,449.In special meaning “to drive,” i.e.“to be driven or affected by” in expl<sup>n</sup> of the ending of ppr.med kāma‹-› yamāne Sn.767 (or kāma-yāna) at Nd<sup>1</sup> 4,viz.“taṇhāya yāyati niyyati vuyhati saṁhariyati.” Cp.<i>yāna</i> as ending.-- pp.<i>yāta</i>.Caus.<i>yapeti </i>&<i> yāpeti</i> (q.v.).‹-› See also anupari°,ā°,upa°,uy°,pa° (aor.pāyāsi) paccuy°,pari°; and anuyāyati.(Page 552) ,4,1
  16091. 501448,en,15,yato,yato,Yato,Yato,(adv.) [the Abl.case of ya°,used as conjunction,Cp.Vedic yataḥ wherefrom,by which,out of which] 1.(local) from where D.I,240 (uggacchanti candima-suriyā; opp.yattha where).-- 2.(temporal) whence,since,when,from which time VvA.344 (yato paṭṭhāya).-- 3.(modal) from which,out of what cause,because,in as far as D.I,36 sq.(yato ...ettāvatā because ...therefore); Sn.p.113 (id.) Dh.374,390 (doubled=from whichever source).-- Freq.in two comb<sup>ns</sup>:<i>yatvâdhi-karaṇaṁ</i> (yato+adhikaraṇaṁ) because (lit.by reason of which; cp.kim-ādhikaraṇaṁ,see adhik.) D.I,70; D.I,113; M.I,269; Dhs.1346; cp.similarly BSk.yato adhikaraṇaṁ MVastu III,52; and <i>yato-nidānaṁ</i> on account of which,from which (or what) reason,because M.I,109; Sn.273,869; Pv IV.1<sup>61</sup> (cp.PvA.242).-- Note.<i>yaticchita</i> at PvA.265 is to be read <i>yadicchita</i>.(Page 548) ,4,1
  16092. 501476,en,15,yatra,yatra,Yatra,Yatra,(adv.) [the (older?) reconstituted Sk.form of P.yattha,cp.Vedic yatra in which,where.The P.form is younger than the Vedic,as the P.meaning is doubtful for the V,period.It is merely a differentiation of forms to mark a special meaning in the sense of a causal conjunction,whereas <i>yattha</i> is adv.(of place or time) only] in which,where,since; only in phrase <i>yatra hi nāma</i> (in emphatic exclamations) with Fut.; “as indeed,inasmuch as,that” S.II,255 (ñāṇabhūtā vata sāvakā y.h.n.savako ñassati etc.); J.I,59 (dhir-atthu vata bho jātiyā y.h.n.jātassa jarā paññāyissati “woe to birth that old age is to be noticed in that which is born!”); Miln.13 (acchariyaṁ vata bho ...y.h.n.me upajjhāyo ceto-parivitakkaṁ jānissati).(Page 548) ,5,1
  16093. 501489,en,15,yatra,yātrā,Yātrā,Yātrā,(f.) [fr.<em>yā</em>,Class.Sk.yātrā,a n.ag.formation like nettī,meaning something like “vehicle,” that which keeps going] 1.travel,going on,proceeding,good habit (like yāta; cp.yātrā=anuvṛtti Halāyudha 5,33) S.I,33; S.I,16=63 (trsl<sup>n</sup> K.S.perhaps wrongly,“egress”:it is more a question of going on through life!).Perhaps to be classed under foll.meaning as well.-- 2.going on,livelihood,support of life,maintenance in stock phrase occurring at many places of the Canon,viz.“purāṇaṁ vedanaṁ paṭihaṅkhāmi,navañ ca vedanaṁ na uppādessāmi,yātrā ca me bhavissati etc.” where DhsA.404 explains <i>yātrā</i> by <i>yāpanā</i>,as may be inferred also from context.Thus at M.I,10 (where Neumann translates:“ein Fortkommen haben,” i.e.progress),355; S.IV,104; A.II,40; III,388; Nd<sup>1</sup> 496; Nd<sup>2</sup> 540 (correct devanaṁ into vedanaṁ!); Pug.25; Dhs.1348; Miln.367:all passages identical.The whole passage is expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at Vism.31 sq.where <i>yātrā</i> is given with “cira-kāla-gamana-saṅkhātā yātrā,” Bdhgh.thus taking it as “keeping going,” or “continued subsistence” (longevity trsḷ<sup>n</sup>).-- In one other passage <i>yātrā</i> is conjectured for <i>sātrā</i>,viz.at SnA 322 in reading y.--yāga for sātrā yāga,where meaning y.might be taken as “customary.” The ed.compares Sk.yātsattra,a certain ceremony.(Page 553) ,5,1
  16094. 501500,en,15,yatta,yatta,Yatta,Yatta,[pp.of yatati<sup>1</sup>] strenuous,making an effort,watchful Nd<sup>2</sup> 525 (+paṭiyatta,in exegesis of yata); J.IV,222 (+paṭiyatta); VI,294 (Kern’s reading for yata; vv.ll.saṁyata &#38; sata,thus warranting yata); Miln.373 (°payatta),378 (id.=in keen effort).-- Note.Kern,Toev.s.v.would like to equal yatta=Sk.yatna effort.(Page 548) ,5,1
  16095. 501508,en,15,yattaka,yattaka,Yattaka,Yattaka,(adj.) [fr.yāvant,a late formation; cp.Trenckner,Notes,80] however much,whatever,as many (in correlation with <i>ta°</i> or <i>tattaka</i>) J.V,74 (=yāvant); Vism.184 (yattakaṁ ṭhānaṁ gaṇhāti ...tattakaṁ ...),293 (yattakā=yāvatā); DA.I,118 (yattaka ...tattaka as long as); DhA.II,50 (°ṁ kālaṁ as long),128; VbhA.73 (yattakaṁ ṭhānaṁ ...tattakaṁ),391 (yattakāni kusala-cittāni ...tesaṁ sabbesaṁ); VvA.175 (yattakāni ...tāni as many ...so many,i.e.whatever),285 (yattakā āhuneyyā nāma ...tesu sabbesu ...).-- Instr.<i>yattakena</i> as adv.“because,on account of” DhA.III,383,393.(Page 548) ,7,1
  16096. 501528,en,15,yattha,yattha,Yattha,Yattha,(adv.) [the regular P.form of Ved.yatra.See also P.yatra] rel.adv.of place “where,” at which spot; occasionally “at which time,” when; with verbs of motion=“whereto.” -- D.I,240 (whither); Sn.79,170 (here closely resembling yatra in meaning=“so that”),191,313,445,995,1037; Dh.87,127 (yattha ṭhita,cp.PvA.104) 150,171,193,PvA.27.--<i>yattha vā tattha vā</i> wherever (or whenever) DhA.IV,162; similarly <i>yattha yattha</i> wherever (he likes) A.II,64.<i>yattha kāmaṁ</i> (cp.yathākāmaṁ in same meaning) where to one’s liking,i.e.wherever Dh.35 (=yattha katthaci or yattha yattha icchati DhA.I,295,299),326.Similarly we find <i>yatth-icchakaṁ</i>,almost identical (originally variant?) with <i>yadicchakaṁ</i> and <i>yāvadicchakaṁ</i> at Vism.154.(Page 548) ,6,1
  16097. 501553,en,15,yatthi,yaṭṭhi,Yaṭṭhi,Yaṭṭhi,(f.) [cp.Vedic yaṣṭi.Another Pali form is laṭṭhi] 1.a staff,stick,pole M.III,133 (tomara° goad); S.I,115 (pācana° driving stick,goad); Miln.2; DhA.III,140 (kattara° a mendicant’s staff); PvA.241; VbhA.241 (yantacakka°); Mhvs 11,10 (veḷu° a bamboo pole).‹-› 2.a stem,stalk (of a plant),cane in <i>ucchu°</i> sugarstick,sugar-cane DhA.III,315 (=ucchu-khaṇḍika at Vv 33<sup>26</sup>); IV,199.-- 3.a measure of length (=7 ratanas) VbhA.343.<br><br> <i>--koṭi</i> the end of the stick or staff DhA.I,15.<i>--madhukā</i> (“cane-sweetness”) liquorice Mhvs 32,46.<i>--luddaka</i> “stick-hunter” at J.IV,392 means a hunter with a lasso.(Page 547) ,6,1
  16098. 501630,en,15,yava,yava,Yava,Yava,[Vedic yava,corn; see Zimmer,Altind.Leben 239.Cp.Gr.zeά spelt; Lith.javaī corn; Oir.eorna barley] corn (in general),barley (in particular) Vin.IV,264; S.IV,220; A.IV,169.<br><br> <i>--karaṇa</i> the preparation of corn A.IV,169.<i>--kalāpī</i> (or °inī) a sheaf of barley S.IV,201.<i>--kāraṇḍava</i> chaff of corn (or barley) A.IV,169.<i>--kummāsa</i> barley-gruel VvA.62.<i>--khetta</i> corn-field Vin.IV,47,266; VvA.294.<i>--dūsin</i> spoiling the corn A.IV,169.<i>--majjhaka</i> lying in the midst of a corn-field,in pācīna° of the c.-f.on the E.side (+dakkhiṇa° S.; pacchima° W.; uttara° N.); names of 4 market-places near Mithilā J.VI,330.<i>--sūka</i> the awn or beard of corn (barley) A.I,8; S.V,10,48.(Page 551) ,4,1
  16099. 501641,en,15,yava,yāva,Yāva,Yāva,(adv.) [Vedic yāvat as nt.of yāvant used as adv.in meanings 1 &#38; 2.The final t is lost in Pāli,but restored as <i>d</i> in certain combinations:see below 2.-- Cp.<i>tāva </i>&<i> kīva</i>].1 (as prep.) up to (a point),as far as,how far,so far that (cp.tāva I),both temporal and local,used either with absolute form of noun or adj.(base),or Nom.or Abl.or Acc.-- (a) absolute:y.sahassa up to 1000.PvA.21; y.sattama up to the seventh D.I,238.‹-› (b) Nom.:y.deva-bhava-sampatti up to the attainment of a deva existence PvA.167; y.satta divasā up to 7 days,as long as 7 days PvA.31.(c) with Abl.:y.brahmalokā up to the highest heaven A.III,17; y.mekhalā down to her girdle PvA.46; yāva āyu-pariyosānā up to the end of life PvA.200; y.ajjadivasā till the present day Mhvs 32,23; y.kapp’âvasānā up to the end of the world Vism.688 (where SnA 5 in same passage reads Acc.°âvasānaṁ); y.kāla-ppavedanā J.I,118+DhA.I,248; y.mukhasmā up to the brim Miln.238; yāva bhumm’âvalambare hang down to the ground Pv.II,10<sup>2</sup>.-- (d) with Acc.y.Bodhimaṇḍaṁ as far as the Bodhimaṇḍa Mhvs 30,88; y.<i>tatiyakaṁ</i> for the 3<sup>rd</sup> time (i.e.the last time; ascending scale!) D.I,95; y.<i>tatiyaṁ</i> id.Vin.IV,236 samanubhāsitabba); Sn.1116; J.IV,126.-- Freq.in phrase <i>yāva jīvaṁ</i> (see under cpds.).Sattamāsaṁ cha pañca cattāro ti vatvā yāva temāsaṁ yāciṁsu “after having said 7,6,5,4,months they begged down to 3 months” PvA.20.-- With startingpoint,local:pādatalato ...yāvakesaggaṁ from the sole of the foot to the tip of the hair (“from tip to toe”) DhA.I,70; (in modal sense:) paṭhavī-kasiṇato <i>paṭṭhāya yāva</i> odāta-kasiṇaṁ “from the one to the other” Vism.374.Similarly in correlation <i>yāva-tāva</i> (see tāva 1.) as far-so far,until-so long:y.rājā āgacchati tāva ubho ramissāma J.IV,190; heṭṭhā pi yāva Avīci upari yāva Akaniṭṭha-bhavanaṁ,tāva addasa Vism.392; yāva naṁ ānemi tāva idh’eva tiṭṭha DhA.III,194.-- 2.(as adv.) how,how much,to which or what extent,as great or as much (as) (cp.tāva II.2),usually in comb<sup>n</sup> <i>yāva mahā</i> (mahantaṁ),e.g.yāva mahantaṁ how big PvA.77 (=yādisaṁ of Pv.II,1<sup>19</sup>); VvA.325=DhA.I,29 (yāva mahantaṁ).Also in other comb<sup>ns</sup>,like <i>yāva dukkhā</i> nirayā how (or as) many painful purgatories Sn.678; yāva dukkhā tiracchānayoni M.III,169; yāva pāpo ayaṁ Devadatto alakkhiko ...“how very wicked is this D.” Vin.II,196 Further in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>attha(ṁ)</i>,and <i>eva</i>,in which cases the final <i>d</i> is restored,or may be regarded as euphonic.Thus <i>yāvad-atthaṁ</i> as far as need be,as much as you like (with imper.) Pv IV.5<sup>7</sup> (khādassu y.); UbhA 504 (=yattakaṁ icchati tattakaṁ); J.V,338; PvA.217 (gaṇhāhi).Cp.Vin.III,37 (yāvadatthaṁ katvā “pleasing herself”).-- As adj.sufficient,plenty M.I,12 (paripuṇṇa ...suhita y.); PvA.24 (=pahūta).<i>yāvad-eva</i> [cp.the similar tāva-d.-eva] “as much as it is (in extent)” i.e.with limitation as far as is necessary,up to (i.e.not further or more than),ever so much,as much as you like,at least; (then:) as far as,in short,altogether,indeed.-- The same idea as our def<sup>n</sup> is conveyed by Bdhgh’s at SnA 503 (on Sn.p.140) “paricched’âvadhāraṇa-vacanaṁ,” and at DhA.II,73 “avadhiparicchedana”:giving a limitation,or saying up to the limit.S.II,276; Sn.p.140; Dh.72; and in stock phrase “n’eva davāya ...yāvad eva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā ...” (“in short”); see passages under <i>yātrā</i>.The expl<sup>n</sup> of <i>yāvad eva</i> in this phrase as given at DhsA.403 runs:“āhār’āharaṇe payojanassa pariccheda-niyamadassanaṁ,” of which the trsl<sup>n</sup> Expos.II.512 is “so as to suffice signifies the limit of the result of taking food.” Neumann’s trsl<sup>n</sup> at M.I,10 is “but only.” -- Note.In the stock phrase of the Buddha’s refusal to die until his teaching has been fully proclaimed (Mahāparinibbānasutta) “among gods and men” D.II,106 (=114,219; III,122; A.IV,311) “yāva-deva-manussehi suppakāsitaṁ” (trsl<sup>n</sup> Dial.II.113:“until,in a word,it shall have been well proclaimed among men”) we are inclined to consider the reading <i>yāva deva°</i> as original and better than <i>yāvad-eva</i>,although Rhys Davids (Dial.II.236) is in favour of the latter being the original.Cf.K.S.II.75 n.The phrase seems to require <i>yāva</i> only as continuation of the preceding yāva’s; moreover the spirit of the message is for the whole of the worlds Cp.BSk.yāvad-deva manusyebhaḥ Divy 201.It is not a restriction or special definition of meaning at this passage.But may it not be taken as a summing up= “in short”? It is left doubtful.If it is=yāva,then we should expect yāva <i>na</i>,as in the preceding sentence,if it is yāvad eva the meaning “not more than made known by men” seems out of place; in this case the meaning “at least” is preferable.A similar case of insertion of a euphonic consonant <i>m</i> (or is it the a- stem nt in °ṁ instead of °t as in yāvat?) we find in the phrase <i>yāvam</i> pi at J.V,508 (with Pot.tiṭṭheyya; see below 3; C.expl<sup>n</sup> by yattakaṁ kālaṁ).-- The form <i>yāvade</i> (for yāvad eva) also occurs (like <i>tāvade</i> for tāvad eva) at M.II,207.-- For <i>yad-idaṁ</i> we find <i>yāvañ c’idaṁ</i> at A.III,34; M.III,169.-- The latter form (yāvaṁ,as above J.V,508) is better to be grouped directly under <i>yāvant</i>,where more &#38; similar cases are given.-- 3.(as conj.) so long as,whilst,until (cp.<i>tāva</i> II.3,4; III,); either with Fut.or Pot.or Prohibitive.E.g.‘S.I,202 (ahu pure dhammapadesu chando y.virāgena samāgamimha; trsl<sup>n</sup> “until I met with that Pure thing and Holy”); J.VI,266 (y.āmantaye); PvA.4 (tāva ayyo āgametu yāva ayaṁ puriso ...pānīyaṁ pivissati or:“you shall wait please,until he shall drink”).Neg.<i>yāva</i> ...<i>na</i> not until,unless,as long as not D.II,106 (na paribbāyissāmi ...yāva ...na bhavissati); S.I,47 (y.na gādhaṁ labhati); Dh.69 (yattakaṁ kālaṁ na ...DhA.II,50).<br><br> <i>--kālika</i> (cp.tāva II.1) “as far as the time or occasion goes,” occasional,temporary,at Vin.I,251 in foll.context (cp.yāmakālika):“kappati ...yāvakālikena,yāmakālikaṁ na kappati,kappati yāvakālikena sattāha kālikaṁ na k.etc.with foll.yāvajīvikaṁ &#38; the same with kappati yāma-kālikena,sattāha-kālikenana k.; kappati satt°,yāvajīv,na k.” The reply of the Buddha is:<i>yāvakālikena</i> yāmakālikaṁ tadahu paṭiggahitaṁ kāle kappati vikāle na kappati (same with sattāhakālikaṁ &#38; yāvajīvikaṁ); followed by <i>yāmakālikena</i> ...sattāhakālikaṁ &#38; yāvajīvikaṁ; sattāhakālikena ...jāvajīvikaṁ.” <i>--jivaṁ</i> (adv.) for the length of one’s life,life-long,all one’s life,for life (-time) Vin.I,80; II,197; III,23; It.78; Dh.64,284; Vism.94; DhA.I,45; PvA.76,110 (=satataṁ).Cp.BSk.yāvajīva-sukhya AvŚ II.37.<i>--tajjanī</i> (-vinīta) led only as long as kept under a threat A.I,285 (one of the 3 parisā’s; so read with v.l.for T.yāvatajjhā°).<i>--tatiyaka</i> “as much as 3 times,” name of the last 4 Saṅghādisesa offences,because before the punishment is inflicted warning must have been given 3 times:see passage of Vin.III,186 under <i>yāva t-ihaṁ</i>.<i> --tihaṁ</i> (read as yāvat-ihaṁ,the latter=aha<sup>2</sup> day) as many days as ...; in foll.passage:uddiṭṭhā ...terasa saṅghādisesā dhammā,nava patham-āpattikā cattāro <i>yāvatatiyakā</i>,yesaṁ bhikkhu aññataraṁ vā aññataraṁ vā āpajjitvā <i>yāvatihaṁ</i> jānaṁ paṭicchādeti <i>tāvatihaṁ</i> tena bhikkhunā akāmā parivatthabbaṁ (for as many days as he knowingly conceals his sin,for so many days ...),parivuttha-parivāsena bhikkhunā uttariṁ <i>chārattaṁ</i> bhikkhumānattāya paṭipajjitabbaṁ.Vin.III,186.(Page 554) ,4,1
  16100. 501746,en,15,yavaka,yavaka,Yavaka,Yavaka,(nt.) [yava+collect.ending °ka] in cpd.<i>sāli°</i> (whatever there is of) rice &#38; corn (i.e.rice- and cornfields C.) J.IV,172.Cp.<i>yāvaka</i>.(Page 551) ,6,1
  16101. 501751,en,15,yavaka,yāvaka,Yāvaka,Yāvaka,[=yavaka] a dish prepared of barley J.VI,373 (=yavataṇḍula-bhatta C.).(Page 555) ,6,1
  16102. 501874,en,15,yavant,yāvant,Yāvant,Yāvant,(pron.rel.) [cp.Sk.yāvant; same formation as demonstr.pron.tāvant,of which the P.uses the adv.nt.tāva (t) form more frequently than the adj.tāvant.The only case so far ascertained where tāvant occurs as adj.is J.V,72 (see below)] 1.<i>yāvant</i> as adj.:as many (as) Dh.337 (hāvant’ettha samāgatā as many as are assembled here); J.V,72 (yāvanto uda-bindūni ...tāvanto gaṇḍū jāyetha; C.on p.74 expl<sup>s</sup> by yattakāni; <i>yāvatā</i> pl.as many as Pv.II,1<sup>16</sup>; <i>yāvanto</i> Pv.II,7<sup>16</sup> (=yāvatakā PvA.103); J.V,370 (detha vatthāni ...yavanto eva icchati as many as he wants).-- 2.<i>yāvat</i> (nt.) used adverbially.The examples and meanings given here are really to be combined with those given under yāva<sup>2</sup> (yāvad°).It is hardly possible to dis‹-› tinguish clearly between the 2 categories; the <i>t</i> may well have been reduced to <i>d</i> or been replaced by another sandhi consonant.However,the specific Pāli use of <i>yāva</i> (like <i>tāva</i>) justifies a separate treatment of yāva in that form only.-- <i>yāvat</i> occurs only in comb<sup>n</sup> with <i>ca</i> (where we may assume either a peculiar nt.form yāvaṁ:see yāva 2; or an assimilation of <i>t</i> to <i>ñ</i> before c.-- The form yāva mahantaṁ may originally have been a yāvaṁ m.) as <i>yāvañ ca</i> “and that,” “i.e.” how much,however much,so great S.I,149 (passa yāvañ ca te idaṁ aparaddhaṁ:see how great a mistake you have made in this); It.91,92 (passa yāvañ ca ārakā &#38; santike:see how far and near).yāvañ c’idaṁ stands for <i>yad-idaṁ</i> (see ya° 4) in peculiar use of restriction at M.III,169; S.II,178; A.III,34.-- 3.The nt.form <i>yāvat</i> further occurs in foll.cpds.:<i>°āyukaṁ</i> (better as yāvat° than yāvatā°) as long as life lasts,for a lifetime Mhvs 3,41; VvA.196 (as adj.°āyukā dibba-sampatti); PvA.66,73,133; <i>°icchakaṁ</i> as much as is desired,according to one’s wishes Pug.12,25; Vism.154 (here spelt <i>yāvad-</i>icchakaṁ); <i>°ihaṁ</i> see under <i>yāva</i> (cpds.) -- Instr.<i>yavatā</i>:see sep.(Page 555) ,6,1
  16103. 501914,en,15,yavasa,yavasa,Yavasa,Yavasa,(nt.) [fr.yava; Vedic yavasa] grass,hay,fodder J.I,338.(Page 551) ,6,1
  16104. 501948,en,15,yavata,yāvatā,Yāvatā,Yāvatā,(indecl.) [Abl.of yāvant in adv.use cp.<i>tāvatā</i>] as far as,like as,in comparison with,regarding,because Dh.258 (na tena paṇḍito hoti y.bahu bhāsati=yattakena kāraṇena DhA.III,383),259,266 (similarly,C.= yattakena); Sn.759 (yāvat’atthī ti vuccati; expl<sup>d</sup> at SnA 509 as “yāvatā ete cha ārammaṇā “atthī” ti vuccanti,vacana-vyattayo veditabbo”); yāvatā ariyaṁ paramaṁ sīlaṁ,nâhaṁ tattha attano sama-samaṁ samanupassāmi kuto bhiyyo “compared with this sīla I do not see anyone quite equal to myself,much less greater.” D.I,74 <i>yāvatā</i> ariyaṁ āyatanaṁ <i>yavatā</i> vanippatho idaṁ agga-nagaraṁ bhavissati Pātaliputtaṁ puṭa-bhedanaṁ Vin.I,229=Ud.88=D.II,87 (concerning a most splendid site,and a condition for trade,this Pāṭ.will be the greatest town; trsl<sup>n</sup> Dial.as far as Aryan people resort,as far as merchants travel ...).<i>yāvatā</i> satt’āvāsā <i>yāvatā</i> bhavaggaṁ ete aggā ete saṭṭhā [read seṭṭhā] lokasmiṁ yad idam arahanto “as far as the abodes of beings,as far as heaven,these are the highest,these are the best,I mean the Arahants.” S.III,84.yāvatā dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā virāgo ...aggam akkhāyati,yad-idaṁ mada-nimmadano ...A.II,34=It.88; “of all the things definite or indefinite:passionlessness deserves the highest praise,I mean the disintoxication of pride etc.” The expl<sup>n</sup> at Vism.293 takes <i>yāvatā</i> (grammatically incorrectly) as n.pl.= <i>yattakā</i>.--yāvatā jagato gati as far as (like as) the course of the world It.120.(Page 555) ,6,1
  16105. 501964,en,15,yavataka,yāvataka,Yāvataka,Yāvataka,(adj.) [fr.yāva,as tāvataka fr.tāva] as much as,as many as,as far as,whatever; usually in correl.with <i>tāvataka</i> e.g.Vin.I,83 (yāvataka ...t.); D.II,18 (y.kāyo t.vyāmo); Nd<sup>2</sup> 235<sup>3</sup> (y °ṁ ñeyyaṁ t °ṁ ñāṇaṁ); or similarly M.I,397 (y.kathā-sallāpo ...sabbaṁ taṁ ...); PvA.103 (yāvatakā=yāvanto).‹-› f.<i>yāvatikā</i>:yāvatikā gati tāvatikaṁ gantvā A.I,112; y.nāgassa bhūmi as far as there was ground for the elephant D.I,50; similarly:y.yānassa bh.as far as the carriage-road D.I,89,106,108; y.ñāṇassa bh.Nett 25.(Page 555) ,8,1
  16106. 502046,en,15,yavetadohi,yāvetadohi,Yāvetadohi,Yāvetadohi,at M.II,47 is an obscure expression.The reading is established; otherwise one might think of a corrupted <i>yāv(a) etad ahosī(pi)</i> or <i>yāva-d-ev’--ahosi</i> “was it really so?” or:“did you really have that thought?” Neumann,Mittl.Sammlung<sup>2</sup> 1921; II,381,trsl<sup>s</sup> “gar so sehr drängt es dich” (are you in such a hurry?),and proposes reading (on p.686,note) <i>yāv’etado hi pi</i>,leaving us wondering what <i>etado</i> might be.-- Could it be a distorted <i>yāyetar</i> (n.ag.of yāyeti,Caus.<i>yā</i>)? (Page 556) ,10,1
  16107. 502072,en,15,yayati,yāyati,Yāyati,Yāyati,see <i>yāti</i>.(Page 554) ,6,1
  16108. 502088,en,15,yayin,yāyin,Yāyin,Yāyin,(adj.) (-°) [fr.<em>yā</em>,see yāti] going,going on to; in <i>yāna-yāyinī</i> (f.) Th.2,389 (maggaṭṭhaṅgika° having ascended the carriage of the 8--fold Path; expl<sup>d</sup> by “ariya-yāyena nibbāna-puraṁ yāyinī upagatā” ThA.257).(Page 554) ,5,1
  16109. 502118,en,15,yebhuyya,yebhuyya,Yebhuyya,Yebhuyya,(adj.) [ye=yad in Māgadhī form; thus yad bhūya=yad bhiyya “what is more or most(ly)”] abundant,numerous,most.Not found as adj.by itself,except in phrase <i>yebhuyya-vasena</i> mostly,as a rule ThA.51 and PvA.136,which is identical with the usual Instr.<i>yebhuyyena</i> occurring as adv.“as according to most,” i.e.(1) almost all,altogether,practically (as in our phrase “practically dead”),mostly D.I,105 (addasā dvattiṁsa lakkhanāṇi y.ṭhapetvā dve:all except two)=109; Vin.III,29 sq.; J.I,246 (gāmako y.andha-bāla-manussehi yeva ussanno the village was peopled by mostly foolish folk); V,335 (y.asīti-mahātherā,altogether).-- (2) as it happens (or happened),usually,occasionally,as a rule,ordinarily D.I,17 (saṁvaṭṭamāne loke y.[as a rule] sattā Ābhassarasaṁvaṭṭanikā honti; expl<sup>d</sup> by half allegorical,half popular etym.at DA.I,110 as follows:“ye upari Brahma-lokesu vā Āruppesu vā nibbattanti,tadavasese sandhāya vuttaṁ”); D.II,139:yebhuyyena dasasu loka-dhātusu devatā sannipatitā (as a rule); Sn.p.107 (=bahukāni SnA 451); Miln.6 (y.Himavantam eva gacchanti:usually); DA.I,280 (ordinarily); VvA.234 (occasionally),246 (pihita-dvāram eva hoti:usually); PvA.2 (Sattari tattha tattha viharante y.tāya tāya atth’uppattiyā),46 (tassā kesa-sobhaṁ disvā taruṇa-janā y.tattha paṭibaddha-cittā adesuṁ invariably).-- <i>na yebhuyyena</i> not as a rule,usually not (at all):nâpi y.ruditena kāci attha-siddhi PvA.63.(Page 557) ,8,1
  16110. 502138,en,15,yebhuyyasika,yebhuyyasikā,Yebhuyyasikā,Yebhuyyasikā,(f.) [formation fr.yebhuyya like tassapāpiyya-sikā.Originally adj.with kiriyā to be understood] lit.“according to the majority,” i.e.a vote of majority of the Chapter; name of one of the <i>adhikaraṇa-samathas</i>,or means of settling a dispute.-- Vin.II.84 (anujānāmi bh.adhikaraṇaṁ yebhuyyasikāya vūpasametuṁ),93 (vivād’âdhikaraṇaṁ dvīhi samathehi sammati:sammukhā-vinayena ca yebhuyyasikāya ca).As one of the 7 methods of settling a dispute mentioned at Vin.IV,207=351 (the seven are:sammukhā-vinaya,sati-vinaya,amūḷha°,paṭiññā,yebhuyyasikā,tassa-pāpiyyasikā,tīṇ’avatthāraka).Expl<sup>d</sup> in detail at M.II,247:if the bhikkhus cannot settle a dispute in their abode,they have to go to a place where there are more bh.in order to come to a vote by majority.Cp.D.III,254 (the seven enum<sup>d</sup>); A.I,99; IV,144.(Page 558) ,12,1
  16111. 502229,en,15,yeva,yeva,Yeva,Yeva,(indecl.) [=eva with accrudescent y from Sandhi.On form and relation between eva &#38; yeva cp.Geiger,P.Gr.§ 66,1.See also eva 2.-- The same form in Prākrit:Pischel,Prk.Gr.§ 336] emphatic particle,meaning “even,just,also”; occurring most frequently (for eva) after palatal sounds,as <i>ṃ</i>:Sn.580 (pekkhataṁ yeva),822 (vivekaṁ); DhA.II,20 (saddhiṁ); PvA.3 (tasmiṁ),4 (imasmiṁ),13 (tumhākaṁ); -- further after o:PvA.39 (apanīto yeva); -- after <i>ā</i>:Sn.1004 (manasā yeva); -- after i:S.II,206 (vuddhi yeva); PvA.11 (ahosi); -- after e:J.I,82 (vihāre yeva; pubbaṇhe y.); VbhA.135 (na kevalaṁ ete yeva,aññe pi “not only these,but also others”).Cp.Mhvs 22,56; VvA.222; PvA.47.(Page 558) ,4,1
  16112. 502233,en,15,yevapana,yevāpana,Yevāpana,Yevāpana,(ka) (adj.) [not connected with yeva,but an adj.formation from phrase <i>ye vā pana; ye</i> here standing (as Māgadhism) for <i>yaṁ:</i> cp.yebhuyya] corresponding,reciprocal,respective,in corresponding proportion,as far as concerned; lit.“whatever else.” The expression is peculiar to exegetical (logical) literature on the Abhidhamma.See e.g.DhsA.152 (yevāpanā,pl.and °kā); Vism.468,271 sq.; VbhA.63,70 sq.; cp.Dhs.trsl.<sup>1</sup> p.5 and introd.p.56.-- Note.The expression occurring as phrase shows <i>ye</i> as Nom.pl.e.g.Dhs.1,58,151--161 &#38; passim:ye vā pana tasmiṁ samaye aññe pi dhammā; but cp.in § 1:yaṁ yaṁ vā pan’ārabbha,in same sense.(Page 558) ,8,1
  16113. 502250,en,15,yidha,yidha,Yidha,Yidha,in mā yidha at Vin.I,54 is to be read mā-y-idha,the y being an euphonic consonant (see y.).(Page 556) ,5,1
  16114. 502257,en,15,yittha,yiṭṭha,Yiṭṭha,Yiṭṭha,[pp.of yajati with a petrified sandhi y.; Vedic iṣṭa] med.:having sacrificed D.I,138 (mahā-yaññaṁ y.rājā).-- pass.:sacrificed,(nt.) sacrifice D.I,55 (dinna,y.huta); expl<sup>d</sup> at DA.I,165 by “<i>mahāyāga</i>” Vbh.328,(id.); J.I,83 (y.+huta); IV,19 (=yajita C.); V,49; VI,527.-- <i>duyyiṭṭha</i> not properly sacrificed,a sacrifice not according to rites J.VI,522.In specific Buddhistic sense “given,offered as alms,spent as liberal gift” Vin.I,36; J.I,168=A.II,44; M.I,82.Dh.108 (yaṁ kiñci yiṭṭhaṁ va hutaṁ va; DhA.II,234=yebhuyyena maṅgalakiriya-divasesu dinna-dānaṁ).-- <i>suyiṭṭha</i> well given or spent A.II,44; ThA.40; Vv 34<sup>26</sup> (in both senses; VvA.155 expl<sup>s</sup> “mahā-yāga-vasena yiṭṭhaṁ”).(Page 556) ,6,1
  16115. 502291,en,15,yobbana,yobbana,Yobbana,Yobbana,(nf.) [cp.late Vedic &#38; Epic Sk.yauvana,fr.yuvan] youth D.I,115; A.I,68; III,5,66,103; Dh.155,156; Sn.98,110,218; Pv.I,7<sup>6</sup>; DhA.III,409; PvA.3.<br><br> <i>--mada</i> pride of youth D.III,220; A.I,146; III,72; VbhA.466.(Page 560) ,7,1
  16116. 502360,en,15,yodha,yodha,Yodha,Yodha,[cp.Vedic yodha; fr.yudh] a warrior,soldier,fighter,champion Vin.I,73 (yodhā yuddh’âbhinandino ...pabbajjaṁ yāciṁsu); J.I,180; Miln.293.<br><br> --ājīva one who lives by battle or war,a soldier S.IV,308=A.III,94; A.I,284; II,170,202; III,89 sq.(five kinds); Sn.617,652; Pug.65,69.--hatthin a war elephant DhA.I,168.(Page 559) ,5,1
  16117. 502436,en,15,yodheti,yodheti,Yodheti,Yodheti,[Caus.of yujjhati] to attack,to fight against (Acc.) Dh.40 (yodhetha=pahareyya DhA.I,317); J.V,183.(Page 559) ,7,1
  16118. 502443,en,15,yodhi,yodhi,Yodhi,Yodhi,=yodhikā J.V,420.(Page 559) ,5,1
  16119. 502449,en,15,yodhika,yodhikā,Yodhikā,Yodhikā,(f.) [a var.reading of yūthikā (q.v.)] a special kind of jasmine Vv 35<sup>4</sup>; J.IV,440 (yoth°),442; V,422; VvA.162 (as thalaja and a tree).(Page 559) ,7,1
  16120. 502453,en,15,yodhin,yodhin,Yodhin,Yodhin,[=yodha] a warrior; camma° a warrior in cuirass,a certain army grade D.I,51; A.IV,107.(Page 559) ,6,1
  16121. 502464,en,15,yoga,yoga,Yoga,Yoga,[Vedic yoga,see etym.under yuga &#38; yuñjati.Usually m.; pl.nt.yogāni occurs at D.II,274 in meaning “bonds”] lit.“yoking,or being yoked,” i.e.connection,bond,means; fig.application,endeavour,device.-- 1.yoke,yoking (rare?) J.VI,206 (meant here the yoke of the churning-sticks; cp.J.VI,209).-- 2.con‹-› nection with (-°),application to; (natural) relation (i.e.body,living connection),association; also conjunction (of stars).<i>mānusaka yoga</i> the relation to the world of men (the human body),opp.<i>dibba yoga:</i> S.I,35=60; Sn.641; Dh.417; expl<sup>d</sup> at DhA.IV,225 as “<i>kāya</i>.” ‹-› association with:D.III,176; application:Vism.520 (+uppāda).<i>yogato</i> (Abl.) from being connected with,by association with PvA.40 (bālya°),98 (sammappadhāna°).-- <i>pubba°</i> connection with a former body,one’s former action or life-history J.V,476; VI,480; Miln.2.See pubbe<sup>1</sup>.-- <i>aḍḍhayoga</i> a “half-connected” building,i.e.a half-roofed monastery Vin.I,239; Vism.34.-- <i>nakkhatta°</i> a conjunction of planets,peculiar constellation (in astrology) J.I,82,253 (dhana-vassāpanaka suitable for a shower of wealth); III,98; DhA.I,174; DhsA.232 (in simile).-- 3.(fig.) bond,tie; attachment (to the world and its lusts),or what yokes to rebirth (Cpd.171<sup>2</sup>).There are 4 <i>yogas</i>,which are identical with the 4 <i>oghas</i> viz.kāma°,bhava°,diṭṭhi°,avijjā°,or the bonds of craving,existence,false views,and ignorance; enum<sup>d</sup> in detail at A.II,10; D.III,230,276; J.I,374; cp.Ps.I,129 (catūhi yogehi yutto lokasannivāso catu-yoga-yojito); VbhA.35.Mentioned or referred to at S.V,59; Dhs.1059 (ogha+,in def<sup>n</sup> of taṇhā),cp,Dhs.trsl<sup>n</sup> 308; Nett 31 (with ogha),114 (id.); as <i>sabba-</i> (or sabbe) yogā at Th.2,4; 76; S.I,213; DhA.III,233; severally at It.95 (bhava-yoga-yutta āgāmī hoti,+kāma°); <i>ogha+yoga:</i> Pug.21 (avijjā°); Vism.211,684; cp.also D.II,274 (pāpima-yogāni the ties of the Evil one); It.80 (yogā pamocenti bahujanaṁ).-- 4.application,endeavour,undertaking,effort DhA.III,233,234 (=samma-ppadhāna).<i>yogaṁ karoti</i> to make an effort,to strive after (Dat.) S.II,131; A.II,93 (āsavānaṁ khayāya y.karaṇīya); Miln.35.<i>yogaṁ āpajjati</i> to show (earnest) endeavour,to be active S.III,11 sq.; Vbh.356 (attanā).-- <i>dhamma°</i> one who is devoted to the Dhamma A.III,355; <i>yutta°</i> (bent on,i.e.) earnest in endeavour J.I,65; <i>yāca°</i> given to making offerings:see yāca.-- 5.pondering (over),concentration,devotion M.I,472; Dh.209 (=yoniso manasikāra DhA.III,275),282 (same expl<sup>n</sup> at DhA.III,421); Miln.3; Vbh.324 (yoga-vihitesu kamm’ &#38; sipp’--āyatanesu; VbhA.410 expl<sup>s</sup>:y.vuccati paññā; -- perhaps better to above 4?).-- 6.(magic) power,influence,device,scheme J.VI,212 (yoga-yogena practice of spells etc.=tāya tāya yuttiyā C.); PvA.117 (comb<sup>d</sup> with <i>manta</i>,ascribed to devas).-- 7.means,instrument,remedy J.I,380 (vamana° an emetic); VI,74 (ekaṁ yogaṁ datvā; but we better read bhesajjaṁ tassa <i>datvā</i> for <i>vatvā</i>,and ekaṁ yogaṁ <i>vatvā</i> for datvā; taking yoga in meaning of “charm,incantation”); Miln.109 (yena yogena sattānaṁ guṇa-vaḍḍhi ...tena hitaṁ upadahati).<br><br> <i>--âtiga</i> one who has conquered the yoke,i.e.bond of the body or rebirth It.61 (muni),81 (id.).<i>--âtigāmin</i>= °âtiga; A.II,12 (same as sabba-yoga-visaṁyutta).<i>--âvacara</i> “one at home in endeavour,” or in spiritual (esp.jhāna-) exercises; one who practises “yoga”; an earnest student.The term is peculiar to the Abhidhamma literature.-- J.I,303,394,400; III,241 (saṁsārasāgaraṁ taranto y.); Ps.II,26; KvuA 32; Miln.33 sq.43,366,378 sq.; Vism.245 (as hunter) 246 (as begging bhikkhu),375 (iddhi-study),587,637,666,708; DhA.II,12 (padhānaṁ padahanto y.); III,241 (°bhikkhu); DhsA.187 (ādhikammika),246 (°kulayutta); VbhA.115,220,228 (as bhikkhu on alms-round),229 (as hunter),258,331; KhA 74; SnA 20,374.<i>--kkhema</i> [already Vedic yoga-kṣema exertion &#38; rest,acquisition &#38; possession] rest from work or exertion,or fig.in scholastic interpretation “peace from bondage,” i.e.perfect peace or “uttermost safety” (K.S.II.132); a freq.epithet of <i>nibbāna</i> [same in BSk.:<i>yogakṣema</i>,e.g.Divy 98,123,303,498] M.I,117 (°kāma),349,357,(anuttara); S.I,173 (°adhivāhana); II,195 (anuttara),226; III,112 (°kāma,neg.); IV,125; V,130 sq.; A.I,50 (anuttara); II,40,52 (a°),87,247; III,21,294 sq.353; D.III,123,125,164 (°kāma); Vin.II,205=It.11 (°ato dhaṁsati,whereas Vin °ā padhaṁsati); It.9,27 (abhabbo °ssa adhigamāya); Th.2,6; Sn.79 (°adhivāhana),425; Dh.23 (anuttara,cp.DhA.I,231); Ps.I,39; II,81; Vbh.247 (kulāni y-kh-kāmāni,which VbhA.341 expl<sup>s</sup>:catūhi yogehi khemaṁ nibbhayaṁ icchanti); ThA.13.--kkhemin finding one’s rest,peace,or salvation; emancipated,free,an Arahant S.III,13 (accanta°); IV,85; A.II,12; IV,310 (patta°); V,326 (accanta°); DhA.III,233,234 (=sabba-yoga-visaṁyutta); neg.<i>a°</i> not finding one’s salvation A.II,52 (in verse)=Ps.II,80; It.50.--ññu knowing the (right) means Miln.169 sq.<i>--bahula</i> strong in exertion A.III,432.<i>--yutta</i> (Mārassa) one who is tied in the bonds (of Māra) A.II,52 (so read for °gutta; the verse also at Ps.II,80,81,and It.50).<i>--vibhāga</i> dividing (division) of the relation (in grammar:to yoga 2) SnA 266.(Page 558) ,4,1
  16122. 502539,en,15,yoganiya,yoganīya,Yoganīya,Yoganīya,(adj.) [fr.yoga; grd.formation] of the nature of trying,acting as a bond,fetter-ish Dhs.584; DhsA.49 (cp.Dhs.trsl.301).The spelling is also yoganiya,cp.oghaniya.(Page 559) ,8,1
  16123. 502646,en,15,yogga,yogga,Yogga,Yogga,<sup>2</sup> (nt. &#38; adj.) [same as last,in meaning of yoga 7] 1.(nt.) a contrivance J.IV,269 (yoggaṁ karoti,may be in meaning “training,practice” here:see yoggā); VvA.8 (gahaṇa°).-- 2.(adj.) fit for (=yutta),adapted to,suitable; either --° or with inf.:VvA.291; PvA.25 (here spelt yogya),135 (bhojana°),152 (kamma-vipāk’ânubhavana°),154 (gamana° passable,v.l.yogya),228 (anubhavana°).(Page 559) ,5,1
  16124. 502647,en,15,yogga,yogga,Yogga,Yogga,<sup>1</sup> (nt.) [Vedic yogya; a grd.formation fr.yoga in meaning of yoga 1] “what may be yoked,” i.e.1.a coach,carriage,waggon (usually large &#38; covered,drawn by bullocks) J.VI,31 sq.(paṭicchanna),368 (mahā°); DhA.II,151 (mahā° &#38; paṭicchanna).-- 2.a draughtbullock,ox Vv 84<sup>8</sup>; Pv.II,9<sup>36</sup> (=ratha-yuga-vāhana PvA.127); J.VI,221.<i>yoggāni muñcati</i> to unharness the oxen PvA.43,100.(Page 559) ,5,1
  16125. 502654,en,15,yogga,yoggā,Yoggā,Yoggā,(f.) [Vedic and Epic Sk.yogyā; same as yogga<sup>2</sup>,fr.yoga] training,practice J.II,165 (yoggaṁ karoti to practise); IV,269 (id.); DhA.I,52 (lakkha-yoggaṁ karoti to practise shooting).-- adj.(-°) <i>katayogga</i> wellpractised,trained S.I,62,98 (neg.).Only at these passages,missing at the other <i>daḷha-dhamma-</i>passages,e.g.at S.II,266; M.I,82; A.II,48.<br><br> <i>--ācariya</i> a groom,trainer S.IV,176=M.I,124; M.III,97,222; Th.1,1140; J.I,505.(Page 559) ,5,1
  16126. 502713,en,15,yogin,yogin,Yogin,Yogin,(adj.-n.) [fr.yoga,cp.Class.Sk.yogin] 1.(-°) applying oneself (to),working (by means of),using Vism.70 (hattha° &#38; patta° using the hand or the bowl; but trsl<sup>n</sup> p.80:“hand-ascetic” &#38; “bowl-ascetic”).‹-› 2.one who devotes himself to spiritual things,an earnest student,one who shows effort (in contemplation),a philosopher,wise man.The word does not occur in the four Nikāyas.In the older verses it is nearly synonymous with muni.The oldest ref.is Th.1,947 (pubbake yogī “Saints of other days” Mrs.Rh.D.).Freq.in Miln,e.g.pp.2,356 (yogi-jana); at pp.366,393,404,417,418 in old verses.Comb<sup>d</sup> with yogâvacara Miln.366,404.-- Further passages are Nett 3,10,61; Vism.2,14,66,71 (in verse),150,320,373,509,620,651,696; DhsA.195,327.(Page 559) ,5,1
  16127. 502781,en,15,yojana,yojana,Yojana,Yojana,(nt.) [Vedic yojana] 1.the yoke of a carriage J.VI,38,42 (=ratha-yuga).-- 2.a measure of length:as much as can be travelled with one yoke (of oxen),a distance of about 7 miles,which is given by Bdhgh.as equal to 4 <i>gāvutas</i> (DhA.II,13).It occurs in descending scale of <i>yojana-tigāvuta-usabha</i> at DhA.I,108.‹-› Dh.60; J.V,37 (yojana-yojana-vitthatā each a mile square); SnA 194.More favoured comb<sup>ns</sup> of yojana with numbers are the foll.:1/2 (aḍḍha°):DA.I,35; DhsA.142.-- 3:DhA.II,41.-- 4:PvA.113.-- 5:VvA.33.-- 15:DhA.I,17; J.I,315; PvA.154.-- 18:J.I,81,348.-- 20:DhA.IV,112 (20 X 110,of a wilderness).-- 25:VvA.236.-- 45:J.I,147,348; DhA.I,367.-- 50:Vism.417.-- 100:D.I,117; It.91; Pv.I,10<sup>14</sup>.-- 500:J.I,204.-- 1,000:J.I,203.-- Cp.<i>yojanika</i>.(Page 559) ,6,1
  16128. 502789,en,15,yojana,yojanā,Yojanā,Yojanā,(f.) [*Sk.yojanā,fr.yojeti] (grammatical) construction; exegesis,interpretation; meaning KhA 156,218,243; SnA 20,90,122 sq.131 sq.148,166,177,248,255,313; PvA.45,50,69,73,139 (attha°),and passim in Commentaries.(Page 559) ,6,1
  16129. 502911,en,15,yojanika,yojanika,Yojanika,Yojanika,(adj.) [fr.yojana] a yojana in extent J.I,92 (vihāra); Dpvs 17,108 (ārāma); DhA.I,274 (maṇipallaṅka).(Page 559) ,8,1
  16130. 503040,en,15,yojeti,yojeti,Yojeti,Yojeti,[Caus.of yuñjati] 1.to yoke,harness,tie,bind Pv.II,9<sup>36</sup> (vāhana,the draught-bullock); Mhvs 35,40 (yojayi aor.; v.l.for yojāpayi); PvA.74 (sindhave).‹-› 2.to furnish (with),combine,unite,mix,apply J.I,252 (suraṁ),269 (id.); Mhvs 22,4 (ambaṁ visena y.to poison a mango); 36,71 (visaṁ phalesu poison the fruit).‹-› 3.to prepare,provide,set in order,arrange,fix,fit up Mhvs 30,39 (pāde upānāhi fitted the feet with slippers); <i>dvāraṁ</i> to put a door right,to fix it properly J.I,201; IV,245 (cp.yojāpeti).-- 4.to engage,incite,<i>urge</i>,commission,put up to,admonish Mhvs 17,38 (manusse); 37,9 (vihāraṁ nāsetuṁ y.incited to destroy the v.); PvA.69.-- 5.to construct,understand,interpret,take a meaning SnA 148 (yojetabba); PvA.98 (id.),278 (id.).-- Caus.II.<i>yojāpeti</i> to cause some one to yoke etc.:D.II,95 (yānāni,to harness); J.I,150 (dvāraṁ,to set right); Mhvs 35,40 (rathe,to harness).-- Pass.<i>yojīyati</i> to become yoked or harnessed J.I,57 (naṅgalasahassaṁ y.).-- pp.<i>yojita</i>.(Page 559) ,6,1
  16131. 503064,en,15,yojita,yojita,Yojita,Yojita,[pp.of yojeti] yoked,tied,bound Ps.I,129 (catuyoga° fettered by the four bonds); SnA 137 (yottehi y.).(Page 559) ,6,1
  16132. 503071,en,15,yojitaka,yojitaka,Yojitaka,Yojitaka,(adj.) [fr.yojita] connected with,mixed; neg.a° not mixed (with poison),unadulterated J.I,269.(Page 559) ,8,1
  16133. 503099,en,15,yojjha,yojjha,Yojjha,Yojjha,in a° M.II,24 read yujjha (of yudh).(Page 559) ,6,1
  16134. 503144,en,15,yoni,yoni,Yoni,Yoni,(f.) [Vedic yoni] 1.the womb.-- 2.origin,way of birth,place of birth,realm of existence; nature,matrix.There are four yonis or ways of being born or generation,viz.aṇḍaja oviparous creation,jalābuja viviparous,saṁsedaja moisture-sprung,opapātika spontaneous:M.I,73; D.III,230; Miln.146; Vism.552,557 sq.; cp.VbhA.203 sq.-- Freq.in foll.comb<sup>ns</sup>:tiracchāna° the class of animals,the brute creation A.I,37,60; V,269; It.92; Pv IV.11<sup>1</sup>; Vism.103,427; PvA.27,166; <i>nāga°</i> birth among the Nāgas S.III,240 sq.(in ref.to which the 4 kinds of birth,as mentioned above,are also applied); Vism.102 (niraya-nāga-yoni); <i>pasu°</i>=tiracchāna° Pv.II,13<sup>12</sup>; <i>pisāca°</i> world of the Pisācas S.I,209; <i>peta°</i> the realm of the Petas PvA.68 (cp.peta).--<i>kamma°</i> K.as origin A.III,186.-- yoni upaparikkhitabba (=kiṁjātikā etc.) S.III,42.--<i>ayoni</i> unclean origin Th.1,219.-- 3.thoroughness,knowledge,insight Nett 40.--<i>ayoni</i> superficiality in thought S.I,203 (“muddled ways” Mrs.Rh.D.).--<i>yoniso</i> (Abl.) “down to its origin or foundation,” i.e.thoroughly,orderly,wisely,properly,judiciously S.I,203 (“in ordered governance” K.S.I.259); D.I,118 (wisely); It.30 (āraddha āsavānaṁ khayāya); Pug.25; Vism.30,132,599; PpA 31.Opp.<i>ayoniso</i> disorderly improperly Pug.21; DhA.I,327; PvA.113,278.-- Esp.frequent in phrase <i>yoniso manasikāra</i> “fixing one’s attention with a purpose or thoroughly,” proper attention,“having thorough method in one’s thought” (K.S.I.259) Ps.I,85 sq.; It.9; J.I,116; Miln.32; Nett 8,40,50,127; Vism.132; PvA.63.See also manasikāra.-- Opp.<i>ayoniso manasikāra</i> disorderly or distracted attention D.III,273; VbhA.148; ThA.79.In BSk.the same phrase:yoniśo manasikāraḥ Divy 488; AvŚ I.122; II,112 (Speyer:“the right &#38; true insight,as the object of consideration really is”).See further on term Dial.III,218 (“systematized attention”); K.S.I.131; II,6 (“radical grasp”).<br><br> <i>--ja</i> born from the womb Sn.620; Dh.396.<i>--pamukha</i> principal sort of birth D.I,54; M.I,517.(Page 559) ,4,1
  16135. 503320,en,15,yotta,yotta,Yotta,Yotta,(nt.) [Vedic yoktra,cp.Lat.junctor,Gr.zeukth_res yoke-straps; Epic Sk.yoktṛ one who yokes] the tie of the yoke of a plough or cart S.I,172=Sn.77; S.IV,163,282; J.I,464; II,247 (camma°); IV,82; V,45 (cammay.--varatta),47; Vism.269; DhA.I,205; SnA 137.As dhura-yotta at J.I,192; VI,253.(Page 559) ,5,1
  16136. 503327,en,15,yottaka,yottaka,Yottaka,Yottaka,(nt.) [yatta+ka] a tie,band,halter,rope J.VI,252; Miln.53; Vism.254,255; DhA.III,208.(Page 559) ,7,1
  16137. 503348,en,15,yuddha,yuddha,Yuddha,Yuddha,(nt.) [orig.pp.of yujjhati; cp.Vedic yuddha (pp.) and yudh (f.) the fight] war,battle,fight D.I,6 (daṇḍa° fighting with sticks or weapons); J.III,541 (id.); Sn.442 (Dat.yuddhāya); J.VI,222; Miln.245 (kilesa°,as pp.:one who fights sin); Mhvs 10,45 (°atthaṁ for the sake of fighting); 10,69 (yuddhāya in order to fight); 25,52 (yuddhāy’āgata); 32,12 (yuddhaṁ yujjhati); 32,13 (maccu° fight with death); 33,42; DhA.II,154 (malla° fist-fight).-- The form <i>yudhāya</i> at Sn.831 is to be taken as (archaic) Dat.of Vedic yudh (f.),used in sense of an inf. &#38; equal to yuddhāya.Nd<sup>1</sup> 172 expl<sup>s</sup> as “yuddh’atthāya.”<br><br> <i>--kāla</i> time for the battle Mhvs 10,63.<i>--ṭṭha</i> engaged in war S.I,100 (so read for °ttha).<i>--maṇḍala</i> fightingring,arena J.IV,81; Vism.190; VbhA.356 (in comparison).(Page 557) ,6,1
  16138. 503375,en,15,yuddhaka,yuddhaka,Yuddhaka,Yuddhaka,[fr.yuddha,for the usual yodha (ka)] a fighter,in <i>malla°</i> fist-fighter,pugilist J.IV,81.(Page 557) ,8,1
  16139. 503450,en,15,yudhika,yudhikā,Yudhikā,Yudhikā,(f.) [doubtful] N.of a tree J.V,422 (for T.yodhi,which appears as yodhikā in C.reading).The legitimate reading is <i>yūthikā</i> (q.v.),as is also given in vv.ll.(Page 557) ,7,1
  16140. 503468,en,15,yuga,yuga,Yuga,Yuga,(nt.) [fr.<em> yuj</em>; Vedic yuga (to which also yoga)= Gr.zugόn; Lat.jugum=Goth.juk; Ohg.juh; E.yoke; Lith.jungas] 1.the yoke of a plough (usually) or a carriage DhA.I,24 (yugaṁ gīvaṁ bādhati presses on the neck); PvA.127 (ratha°); Sdhp.468 (of a carriage).Also at Sn.834 in phrase dhonena yugaṁ samāgamā which Bdhgh.(SnA 542) expl<sup>s</sup> as “dhuta-kilesena buddhena saddhiṁ yugaggāhaṁ samāpanno,” i.e.having attained mastery together with the pure Buddha.Neumann,Sn.trsl<sup>n</sup> not exactly:“weil abgeschüttelt ist das Joch” (but dhona means “pure”).See also below °naṅgala.-- 2.(what is yoked or fits under one yoke) a pair,couple; appl<sup>d</sup> to objects,as --°:dussa° a pair of robes S.V,71.; DhA.IV,11; PvA.53; sāṭaka° id.J.I,8,9; PvA.46; vattha° id.J.IV,172.-- tapassi° a pair of ascetics Vv 22<sup>10</sup>; dūta° a pair of messengers S.IV,194; sāvaka° of disciples D.II,4; S.I,155; II,191; V,164; in general:purisa° (cattāri p.--yugāni) (4) pairs of men S.IV,272 sq.=It.88; in verse at Vv 44<sup>21</sup> and 53<sup>3</sup>; expl<sup>d</sup> at Vism.219 as follows:yugaḷa-vasena paṭhamamagga-ṭṭho phala-ṭṭho ti idam ekaṁ yugaḷan ti evaṁ cattāri purisa-yugaḷāni honti.Practically the same as “aṭṭha purisa-puggalā.” Referring to “pairs of sins” (so the C.) in a somewhat doubtful passage at J.I,374:sa maṅgala-dosa-vītivatto yuga-yog’âdhigato na jātum eti; where C.expl<sup>s</sup> yugā as kilesā mentioned in pairs (like kodho ca upanāho,or makkho ca paḷāso),and yoga as the 4 yojanas or yogas (oghas?),viz.kāma°,bhava°,diṭṭhi°,avijjā°.-- Also used like an adj.num.in meaning “two,” e.g.yugaṁ vā nāvaṁ two boats Dpvs.I,76.-- 3.(connected by descent) generation,an age D.I,113 (yāva sattamā pitāmahā-yugā “back through seven generations.” Cp.DA.I,281:āyuppamāṇa); KhA 141 (id.); J.I,345 (purisa°).There are also 5 ages (or stages) in the [life of the] sāsana (see Brethren,p.339):vimutti,samādhi,sīla,suta,dāna.<br><br> --anta (-vāta) (storm at) the end of an age (of men or the world),whirlwind J.I,26.--ādhāna putting the yoke on,harnessing M.I,446.--ggāha “holding the yoke,” i.e.control,dominance,domineering,imperiousness; used as syn.for palāsa at Vbh.357=Pug.19 (so read for yuddha°),expl<sup>d</sup> by sama-dhura-ggahaṇaṁ “taking the leadership altogether” at VbhA.492.See further Nd<sup>1</sup> 177; VvA.71 (yugaggāha-lakkhaṇo paḷāso); SnA 542; DhA.III,57 (°kathā=sārambhakathā).--°ṁ ganhāti to take the lead,to play the usurper or lord J.III,259 (C.for T.palāsin); DhA.III,346.--ggāhin trying to outdo somebody else,domineering,imperious VvA.140.--cchidda the hole of a yoke Th.2,500 (in famous simile of blind turtle).--naṅgala yoke and plough (so taken by Bdhgh.at SnA 135) Sn.77= S.I,172 (“plough fitted with yoke” Mrs.Rh.D.).--nandha (with v.l.°naddha,e.g.at Ps.II,92 sq.; KhA 27 in T.) putting a yoke on,yoking together; as adj.congruous,harmonious; as nt.congruity,association,common cause Ps.II,98=Vism.682; Ps.II,92 sq.(°vagga &#38; °kathā); KhA 27 (nt.); Vism.149 (°dhammā things fitting under one yoke,integral parts,constituents).--mattaṁ (adv.) “only the distance of a plough,” i.e.only a little (viz.the most necessary) distance ahead,with expressions of sight:pekkhati Sn.410 (“no more than a fathom’s length” Rh.D.in Early Buddhism 32); pekkhin Miln.398; °dassāvin Vism.19 (okkhitta-cakkhu+) pekkhamāna SnA 116 (as expl<sup>n</sup> of okkhittacakkhu).--sāṭaka (=s.--yuga) a pair of robes,two robes Dpvs VI,82.(Page 556) ,4,1
  16141. 503520,en,15,yugala,yugala,Yugala,Yugala, &#38; Yugaḷa (nt.) [Class.Sk.yugala; in relation to yuga the same as Lat.jugulum (“yoke-bone”) to jugum.Cp.also Gr.zeu/glh yoking strap] a pair,couple J.I,12 (yugaḷa-yugaḷa-bhūtā in pairs),500 (bāhu°); VI,270 (thana° the 2 breasts); Vism.219; VbhA.51 (yugaḷato jointly,in pairs); the six “pairs of adaptabilities” or “words,” Yog.18--23,Mystic 30 sq.; cp.Dhs.40 sq.Also used as adj.(like yuga) in phrase yugalaṁ karoti to couple,join,unite Dpvs.I,77; VvA.233.(Page 556) ,6,1
  16142. 503532,en,15,yugalaka,yugalaka,Yugalaka,Yugalaka,(nt.) [fr.yugala] a pair Tikp 66; VbhA.73.(Page 556) ,8,1
  16143. 503696,en,15,yuja,yuja,Yuja,Yuja,(adj.) (--°) [either a direct root-derivation fr.yuj,corresponding to Sk.<em>yuj</em> (or<em> yuk</em>,cp.Lat.con-jux “conjugal,” Gr.o(mό--zuc companion,su/--zuc=conjux; Goth.ga-juka companion); or a simplified form of the grd.*yujya›*yujja›yuja] yoked or to be yoked,applicable,to be studied,only in cpd.duyyuja hard to be mastered,difficult J.V,368 (atthe yuñjati duyyuje he engages in a difficult matter; C.reads duyyuñja).(Page 556) ,4,1
  16144. 503746,en,15,yujjha,yujjha,Yujjha,Yujjha,(adj.) [grd.of yujjhati] to be fought; neg.a° not to be fought,invincible M.II,24 (so read for ayojjha).(Page 556) ,6,1
  16145. 503765,en,15,yujjhana,yujjhana,Yujjhana,Yujjhana,(nt.) [fr.yujjhati] fighting,making war J.III,6,82.(Page 556) ,8,1
  16146. 503789,en,15,yujjhapana,yujjhāpana,Yujjhāpana,Yujjhāpana,(nt.) [fr.yujjhati Caus.] making somebody fight,inciting to war Miln.178.(Page 557) ,10,1
  16147. 503808,en,15,yujjhati,yujjhati,Yujjhati,Yujjhati,[cp.Vedic yudhyate,yudh,given in meaning “sampahāra” at Dhtp 415.-- Etymologically to Idg.*ieudh to shake,fr.which in var.meanings Lat.jubeo to command,juba horse’s mane; Gr.u(smi/nh battle,Lith.jundù,jùdra whirlwind; cp.also Av.yaošti agility] to fight,make war.Rare in older literature; our refs.only from the Mahāvaṁsa; e.g.22,82 (fut.yujjhissāma,with Instr.:Damiḷehi); 25,23 (aor.ayujjhi); 25,58 (ppr.yujjhamāna); 33,41 (aor.yujjhi).To which add DhA.II,154 (mallayuddhaṁ yujjhanto); III,259 (Ajātasattunā saddhiṁ yujjhanto).-- pp.yuddha.-- Caus.yodheti (q.v.).(Page 556) ,8,1
  16148. 503905,en,15,yunjati,yuñjati,Yuñjati,Yuñjati,[Vedic yunakti,yuñjati &#38; yuñkte,<em>yuj</em><i>;</i> cp.Gr.zeu/gnumi,Lat,jungo to unite,put together (pp.junctus=Sk.yukta,cp.E.junct-ion); Lith.jùngin.The Idg.root <i>*ịeug</i> is an enlarged form of *<i>ị</i>eǔe “to unite,” as in Sk.yanti,yuvati,pp.yuta; f.yuti,to which also Lat.jūs=P.yūsa.The Dhtp gives several (lit. &#38; fig.) meanings of <em>yuj</em>,viz.“yoge” (No.378),“samādhimhi” (399),“saṁgamane” (550)] (lit.) to yoke; (fig.) to join with (Instr.or Loc.),to engage in (Loc.),to exert oneself,to endeavour.All our passages show the applied meaning,while the lit.meaning is only found in the Caus.<i>yojeti</i>.-- Often expl<sup>d</sup> by and coupled with the syn.<i>ghaṭati </i>&<i> vāyamati</i>,e.g.at J.IV,131; V,369; DhA.IV,137.-- Forms:pres.<i>yuñjati</i> Dh.382; J.V,369; 2<sup>nd</sup> pl.<i>yuñjatha</i> Th.2,346 (kāmesu;=niyojetha ThA.241); ppr.<i>yuñjanto</i> J.IV,131 (kammaṭṭhāne); imper.<i>yuñja</i> S.I,52 (sāsane); ThA.12; med.imper.<i>yuñjassu</i> Th.2,5.-- Pass.<i>yujjati</i> (in grammar or logic) is constructed or applied,fits (in),is meant KhA 168; SnA 148,403,456.-- Caus.I.<i>yojeti</i> &#38; II.<i>yojāpeti</i> (q.v.).-- pp.<i>yutta</i>.(Page 557) ,7,1
  16149. 503940,en,15,yupa,yūpa,Yūpa,Yūpa,[Vedic yūpa] 1.a sacrificial post D.I,141; A.IV,41; J.IV,302; VI,211; Miln.21 (dhamma°); SnA 321,322; DA.I,294.-- 2.a pāsāda,or palace Th.1,163=J.II,334.<br><br> <i>--ussāpana</i> the erection of the sacr.post DhsA.145 (cp.Miln.21).(Page 557) ,4,1
  16150. 503966,en,15,yusa,yūsa,Yūsa,Yūsa,[Vedic yūṣan,later Sk.yūṣa; fr.base Idg.*<i>ị</i>ūs,cp.Lat.jūs soup,Gr.zu/mh yeast,ferment,zwmόs soup; Obulg.jucha=Ger.jauche manure; Swedish ōst cheese; an enlargement of base <i>*ịeu</i> to mix,as in Sk.<i>yu</i> to mix:see yuta,to which further <i>*ịeǔe</i>,as in yuñjati] 1.juice Vin.I,206 (akaṭa° natural juice); Mhvs 28,26; VvA.185 (badara° of the jujube); Vism.195 (seda° sweaty fluid).-- 2.soup,broth.Four kinds of broths are enum<sup>d</sup> at M.I,245,viz.<i>mugga°</i> bean soup,<i>kulattha°</i> of vetch (also at Vism.256),<i>kaḷāya°</i> (chick-) pea soup,<i>hareṇuka°</i> pea soup; Miln.63 (rañño sūdo yūsaṁ vā rasaṁ vā kareyya).(Page 557) ,4,1
  16151. 503987,en,15,yuta,yuta,Yuta,Yuta,[pp.of <em>yu</em>,yauti to fasten but Dhtp 338:“missane”] fastened to (Loc.),attracted by,bent on,engaged in D.I.57 (sabba-vārī°); Sn.842 (pesuṇeyye; Nd<sup>1</sup> 233 reads yutta in exegesis,do.at p.234,with further expl<sup>n</sup> āyutta,payutta etc.),853 (atimāne); Dāvs.V,18 (dhiti°).-- Note.<i>yuta</i> is doubtful in phrase <i>tejasā-yuta</i> in Niraya passage at A.I,142=M.III,183=Nd<sup>1</sup> 405=Nd<sup>2</sup> 304<SUP>III</SUP>=J.V,266.The more likely reading is either <i>tejas’āyuta</i> (so BSk.M.Vastu 9),or <i>tejasā yutta</i> (so Nd<sup>2</sup> &#38; PvA.52),i.e.endowed with,furnished with,full of heat.-- We find a similar confusion between <i>uyyuta </i>&<i> uyyutta</i>.(Page 557) ,4,1
  16152. 503997,en,15,yutha,yūtha,Yūtha,Yūtha,(nt.) [Vedic yūtha] a flock,herd of animals Sn.53 (of elephants); J.I,170 (monkeys),280 (id.); SnA 322 (go°,of oxen).<br><br> <i>--pa</i> the leader of a herd Th.2,437 (elephants).<i>--pati</i> same J.III,174 (elephant); DhA.I,81 (id.).(Page 557) ,5,1
  16153. 504031,en,15,yuthika,yūthikā,Yūthikā,Yūthikā,(f.) [cp.later Sk.yūthikā] a kind of jasmine,Jasminum auriculatum J.VI,537; Miln.338.So is also to be read at J.V,420 (for yodhi) &#38; 422 (yodhikā &#38; yudhikā).See also <i>yodhikā</i>.(Page 557) ,7,1
  16154. 504047,en,15,yutta,yutta,Yutta,Yutta,[pp.of yuñjati; Vedic yukta,cp.Lat.junctus,Gr.zeuktόs,Lith.jùnktas] 1.(lit.) yoked,harnessed (to= Loc.) Pv.I,11<sup>4</sup> (catubbhi yutta ratha); Mhvs 35,42 (goṇā rathe yattā); DhA.I,24 (dhure yuttā balivaddā).-- 2.coupled; connected with; (appl<sup>d</sup>) devoted to,applied to,given to,engaged in (-°,Instr.or Loc.) Sn.820 (methune),863 (macchiriya°),1144 (tena,cp.Nd<sup>2</sup> 532); It.93 (Buddha-sāsane); J.VI,206 (yoga°).-- 3.furnished; fixed,prepared,in order,ready Sn.442 (Māra; =uyyutta SnA 392); PvA.53.-- 4.able,fit (to or for=inf.),suitable,sufficient Sn.826 (cp.Nd<sup>1</sup> 164); J.V,219; DA.I,141 (dassituṁ yutta=dassanīya); VvA.191 (=alaṁ); PvA.74.-- 5.proper,right PvA.159.-- 6.due to (-°,with a grd.apparently superfluous) J.III,208 (āsaṅkitabba°); cp.yuttaka.-- 7.(nt.) conjunction,i.e.of the moon with one or other constellation Vin.II,217.-- <i>ayutta</i> not fit,not right,improper PvA.6 (perhaps delete),64.-- <i>suyutta</i> well fit,right proper,opp.<i>duyutta</i> unbefitting,in phrase suyuttaṁ duyuttaṁ ācikkhati J.I,296 (here perhaps for dur-utta?).du° also lit.“badly fixed,not in proper condition,in a bad state” at J.IV,245 (of a gate).<br><br> <i>--kāra</i> acting properly PvA.66.<i>--kārin</i> acting rightly Miln.49.<i>--paṭibhāṇa</i> knowledge of fitness Pug.42 (cp.PugA 223).<i>--payutta</i> intent on etc.PvA.150.<i>--rūpa</i> one who is able or fit (to=inf.) J.I,64.<i>--vāha</i> justified VvA.15.(Page 557) ,5,1
  16155. 504082,en,15,yuttaka,yuttaka,Yuttaka,Yuttaka,(adj.) (-°) [fr.yutta] proper,fit (for); nt.what is proper,fitness:dhamma-yuttakaṁ katheti to speak righteous speech J.IV,356.-- Usually comb<sup>d</sup> with a grd.seemingly pleonastically (like yutta),e.g.<i>kātabba°</i> what had to be done PvA.81; DhA.I,13 (as kattabba°); <i>āpucchitabba°</i> fit to be asked DhA.I,6.(Page 557) ,7,1
  16156. 504273,en,15,yutti,yutti,Yutti,Yutti,[cp.Vedic yukti connection,fr.<i>yuj</i>] “fitting,” i.e.1.application,use Miln.3 (opamma°).--2.fitness,vāda°,KVA 37; in Instr.<i>yuttiyā</i> in accordance with Mhvs 10,66 (vacana°); Sdhp.340 (sutti°); and Abl.<i>yuttito</i> Sdhp.505.-- 3.(logical) fitness,right construction,correctness of meaning; one of the 16 categories (hārā),appl<sup>d</sup> to the exposition of texts,enum<sup>d</sup> in the 1st section of the Netti; e.g.at Nett 1--3,103; KhA 18; SnA 551,552.Thus Abl.<i>yuttito</i> by way of correctness or fitness (contrasted to <i>suttato</i>) VbhA.173=Vism.562; and <i>yutti-vasena</i> by means of correctness (of meaning) SnA 103 (contrasted to <i>anussava</i>).-- 4.trick,device,practice J.VI,215.<br><br> <i>--kata</i> combined with; (nt.) union,alloy VvA.13.(Page 557) ,5,1
  16157. 504377,en,15,yuvan,yuvan,Yuvan,Yuvan,[Vedic yuvan; cp.Av.yavan=Lat.juvenis,Lith.jáunas young; Lat.juvencus “calf”; juventus youth; Goth.junda,Ohg.jugund &#38; jung,E.young.-- The n.-stem is the usual,but later Pāli shows also decl.after a-stem,e.g.Gen.yuvassa Mhvs 18,28] a youth.-- Nom.sg.<i>yuvā</i> D.I,80=yobbanena samannāgata DA.I,223; Sn.420; Dh.280 (=paṭhama-yobbane ṭhita DhA.III,409); Pv III,7<sup>1</sup> (=taruṇa PvA.205).-- Cp.<i>yava</i>,<i> yuvin </i>&<i> yobbana</i>.(Page 557) ,5,1
  16158. 504412,en,15,yuvin,yuvin,Yuvin,Yuvin,(adj.-n.) [=yuvan with diff --adj.ending] young J.IV,106,222.(Page 557) ,5,1